George John Mitchell Jr. (born August 20, 1933) is an American politician, diplomat, and lawyer. A leading member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States senator from Maine from 1980 to 1995, and as Senate Majority Leader from 1989 to 1995. After retiring from the Senate, Mitchell played a leading role in negotiations for peace in Northern Ireland and the Middle East. He was appointed United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland (1995–2001) by President Clinton and as United States Special Envoy for Middle East Peace (2009–2011) by President Barack Obama.

Mitchell was a primary architect of the 1996 Mitchell Principles and the 1998 Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, and was the main investigator in two "Mitchell Reports": one on the Arab–Israeli conflict (2001); and one on the use of performance-enhancing drugs in baseball (2007).

Mitchell served as chairman of The Walt Disney Company from March 2004 until January 2007, and later as chairman of the international law firm DLA Piper. He was the Chancellor of Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, from 1999 to 2009. Mitchell also has served as a co-chair of the Housing Commission at the Bipartisan Policy Center.

He is one of the few people in modern times to have served in the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the federal government.

Early life

Origins
Mitchell was born in Waterville, Maine. His father, George John Mitchell Sr. (born Joseph Kilroy), was born in Ireland and adopted by a Lebanese American when he was orphaned. Mitchell's father was a janitor at Colby College in Waterville, where Mitchell was raised. Mitchell's mother, Mary (née Saad), was a textile worker who immigrated to the United States in 1920 from Bkassine, Lebanon, at the age of eighteen.

Mitchell was raised a Maronite Catholic and in his childhood served as an altar boy at St. Joseph's Maronite Church in Maine. Throughout junior high school and high school, he worked as a janitor. In the family of five children, all three of his brothers were athletes; though a talented student as a child, he found himself overshadowed by his brothers' athletic achievements.

Education and military service
After graduating from high school at the age of sixteen, Mitchell attended Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, where he worked several jobs and played on the basketball team. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1954, intending to attend graduate school and then teach, but instead served in the United States Army from 1954 to 1956, rising to First Lieutenant. In 1961, Mitchell received his Bachelor of Laws from Georgetown University Law Center by attending its part-time program at night. He has since received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Bates College.

Political career

Early legal career
After having performed well academically at Georgetown, Mitchell served as a trial attorney for the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice in Washington from 1960 to 1962, and then as executive assistant to Senator Edmund S. Muskie from 1962 to 1965, where he first gained interest in the political world. Afterwards, Mitchell practiced law with Jensen & Baird in Portland, Maine, from 1965 to 1977 and was assistant county attorney for Cumberland County, Maine, in 1971.

From judge to senator

In 1974 Mitchell won the Democratic nomination for governor of Maine, defeating Joseph E. Brennan. He lost in the general election to independent candidate James B. Longley, but was appointed United States Attorney for Maine by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. Mitchell served in that capacity from 1977 to 1979.

Mitchell was nominated by President Carter on July 31, 1979, to the United States District Court for the District of Maine, to a new seat authorized by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the Senate on October 4, 1979, and received his commission on October 5, 1979. His service terminated on May 16, 1980, due to his resignation.

Mitchell was appointed to the United States Senate in May 1980 by the governor of Maine, Joseph Brennan, when Edmund Muskie resigned to become US Secretary of State.

After serving out the remainder of Muskie's term, Mitchell was elected to his first full term in 1982 with approximately 61 percent of the vote against Congressman David Emery, and rose quickly in the Senate Democratic leadership. He was elected as the chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee in 1984, helping the Democrats regain control of the Senate in 1986 with a net eight new seats and a 55—45 majority in the Senate. He served as Deputy President pro tempore in the 100th United States Congress, because of the illness of President pro tempore John C. Stennis, and remains the only senator other than Hubert Humphrey to have held that post.

The position of Deputy President pro tempore was created specifically to be held by a current Senator who is a former president or former Vice President of the United States. Humphrey is a former Vice President of the United States and Mitchell is the only person to have been Deputy President pro tempore who has never held one or both of the two highest offices of the US government.

In 1988 Mitchell was reelected with 81 percent of the vote, the largest margin of victory in a Senate election that year and the largest majority ever for a senator from Maine.

Mitchell voted in favor of the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday and the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 (as well as to override President Reagan's veto). Mitchell voted against the nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court, stating explicitly that he believed Thomas' nomination constituted a racial quota.

Senate Majority Leader
Mitchell served as Senate Majority Leader from 1989 to 1995. While in this role, Mitchell led the movement to reauthorize the Clean Air Act in 1990 and pass the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Additionally, under his leadership, the Senate approved the North American Free Trade Agreement and the formation of the World Trade Organization.

In 1994, he turned down an offer of appointment by President Bill Clinton to the United States Supreme Court, to replace the retiring Harry A. Blackmun so that he could continue helping with efforts in the Senate to pass significant health-care legislation. The seat ultimately went to Stephen Breyer. Nevertheless, Congress was not able to pass any significant health-care legislation at the time, and Mitchell did not run for reelection in 1994.

Political leanings
For 1994, Mitchell's last year in the Senate, the American Conservative Union gave him a rating of 0.00 on a scale of 0 to 100, with 100 being most conservative. For the same year, the Americans for Democratic Action gave him a score of 90 on a scale of 0 to 100, with 100 being most liberal.

After the Senate
Mitchell has served as a director of companies including Walt Disney Company; FedEx; Xerox; Unilever; Staples, Inc.; Starwood; and the Boston Red Sox baseball team. After leaving the Senate, Mitchell joined the Washington, D.C., law firm Verner, Liipfert, Bernhard, McPherson and Hand; he later became the firm's chairman. He was criticized for lobbying on behalf of the firm's Big Tobacco clients. He is also senior counsel to Preti, Flaherty, Beliveau, Pachios, Orlick & Haley in Portland, Maine. He is Partner and Chairman of the Global Board of DLA Piper, US LLP, a global law firm. Mitchell served as an Advisor of ZeniMax Media Inc. He has also served on the advisory board of The Iris Network, a nonprofit blindness rehabilitation agency in Portland.

In 2007, Mitchell joined fellow former Senate Majority Leaders Howard Baker, Bob Dole, and Tom Daschle to found the Bipartisan Policy Center, a non-profit think tank that works to develop policies suitable for bipartisan support.

Democratic politics

Mitchell was reportedly among those considered by Al Gore as a running mate for his 2000 presidential run, but Gore selected Joe Lieberman. Had Mitchell been nominated and had the Democratic ticket won that year, he would have been the first Lebanese American to serve as the Vice President of the United States, and only the second Vice President from Maine, after Hannibal Hamlin. He also was mentioned in both 2000 and in 2004 as a potential Secretary of State for a Democratic administration, due to his role as Senate Leader and the Good Friday agreements.

Education
Since 2002, Mitchell has been a Senior Fellow and Senior Research Scholar at Columbia University's Center for International Conflict Resolution, where he works to help end or avert conflicts between nations. He was the Chancellor of the Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, until his resignation in April 2009, and namesake of the George J. Mitchell Scholarship, which sponsors graduate study for twelve Americans each year in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

He is the founder of the Mitchell Institute, in Portland, Maine, whose mission is to increase the likelihood that young people from every community in Maine will aspire to, pursue and achieve a college education. In 2007, he became a visiting Professor in Leeds Metropolitan University's School of Applied Global Ethics, and the university is developing a new Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution bearing his name.

Mitchell Report (Arab–Israeli conflict)

Mitchell led an American fact-finding commission initiated under President Bill Clinton in 2000 intended to find solutions for solving the situation between Israel and the Palestinians. Mitchell's report, published in 2001, stressed the need for Israel to halt the expansion of its settlements in the Palestinian territories and for the Palestinians to prevent violence. Interest in the report was renewed when Mitchell was named Special Envoy for Middle East Peace in 2009.

United Nations
Mitchell served as co-chairman (with Newt Gingrich) of the Congressionally mandated Task Force on the United Nations, which released its findings and recommendations on June 15, 2005, after having been formed that January.

World Justice Project
George J. Mitchell serves as an Honorary Co-chair for the World Justice Project. The World Justice Project works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.

Northern Ireland peace process

Since 1995, Mitchell has been active in the Northern Ireland peace process, having served as the United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland under President Bill Clinton. He first led an international body to review options for paramilitary arms decommissioning, which produced the Mitchell Principles that regulated access to subsequent all-party peace talks. Mitchell then co-chaired the all-party talks, leading to the Belfast Agreement, signed on Good Friday 1998 (known since as the "Good Friday Agreement"). Mitchell's mediation between the parties was crucial to the success of the talks. He was succeeded as special envoy by Richard Haass.

For his leadership in the Northern Ireland peace negotiations, Mitchell was awarded the Liberty Medal (on July 4, 1998) and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (on March 17, 1999). In accepting the Liberty Medal, he stated: "I believe there's no such thing as a conflict that can't be ended. They're created and sustained by human beings. They can be ended by human beings. No matter how ancient the conflict, no matter how hateful, no matter how hurtful, peace can prevail."

Chairman of Disney
On March 4, 2004, Disney's board of directors, on which Mitchell had served since 1995, named him Michael Eisner's replacement as Chairman of the Board after 43% of the company's shares were voted against Eisner's reelection (35% was the minimum for disposal). Mitchell himself received a 24% negative vote, a fact that led dissident Disney shareholders Roy E. Disney and Stanley Gold to criticize the appointment of Mitchell, whom they saw as Eisner's puppet.

Having already served on the boards of companies including Xerox, Starwood, FedEx, and Staples, Inc., Mitchell assumed his new role at a particularly tumultuous time in the company's history, needing to face such issues as Comcast's hostile takeover attempts and a possible split with Pixar. Mitchell played an important role in the selection of Robert A. Iger as Eisner's successor as CEO in 2005. On June 28, 2006, Disney announced that its board had elected one of its members, John Pepper Jr., former CEO of Procter & Gamble, to replace Mitchell as chairman effective January 1, 2007.

Baseball's steroids investigation

In 2006, Mitchell was tapped by MLB Commissioner Bud Selig to lead an investigation into the use of performance-enhancing drugs by Major League Baseball players. The investigation derived largely from charges against Barry Bonds, and revelations in the Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative (BALCO) trials of Victor Conte and Greg Anderson. Selig has said that revelations brought forth in the 2005 book Game of Shadows were, by way of calling attention to the issue, in part responsible for the league's decision to commission an independent investigation. To this day Mitchell is known to have held meetings with only two active players, Jason Giambi, who was ordered to meet Mitchell by Commissioner Selig in light of his public admissions on the issue, and one additional player whose name was initially not made public but was later revealed to be Frank Thomas. Mitchell did however hold extensive meetings with several known steroid dealers, club attendants, personal trainers, and others who had ties to all players named in the report. Even though the union that protects the players had pressured all but Giambi and Thomas into maintaining the culture of silence that had helped the drug problem remain a secret, there was plenty of other evidence against those named in his report.

Mitchell released a 409-page report of his findings on December 13, 2007. The report includes the names of 89 former and current players for whom it claims evidence of use of steroids or other prohibited substances exists. This list includes names of Most Valuable Players and All-Stars, such as Roger Clemens, Andy Pettitte, Miguel Tejada, Denny Neagle, Paul Lo Duca, David Justice, Barry Bonds, Éric Gagné, Todd Hundley, Randy Velarde, and Benito Santiago.

Mitchell was criticized for having a conflict of interest with the report as he was a director of the Boston Red Sox, especially because no prime Red Sox players were named in the report, despite the fact that Red Sox stars David Ortiz and Manny Ramirez were later accused of using performance-enhancing substances during the 2003 season, as reported by The New York Times on July 30, 2009. Likewise, the report was commissioned by Selig, and no members of the Milwaukee Brewers, whom Selig once owned, appeared in the report. The Los Angeles Times reported that Mitchell acknowledged that his "tight relationship with Major League Baseball left him open to criticism". Mitchell responded to the concerns by stating that readers who examined the report closely "will not find any evidence of bias, of special treatment of the Red Sox".

Special Envoy for Middle East Peace

On January 22, 2009, President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton appointed Mitchell as the administration's Special Envoy to the Arab-Israeli peace process, formally known as the "Special Envoy for Middle East Peace". The appointment was seen as an indication of the new Obama administration's increased focus on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The choice of Mitchell allowed Obama to demonstrate the seriousness and sincerity of his intentions regarding the peace process, without forcing him to immediately embark on a specific initiative before conditions were yet ripe. An analyst at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars said Mitchell's appointment "says to the world, 'I care about this issue; be patient with me.'" Abraham Foxman, the National Director of the Anti-Defamation League, has stated that, "Sen. Mitchell is fair. He's been meticulously even-handed".

Within the first week of his appointment, Mitchell was dispatched to visit Israel, the West Bank, Egypt, Jordan, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia for peace discussions in light of the 2008-09 Gaza War between Israel and the Gaza Strip, in which both sides had recently entered into unilateral ceasefires. Mitchell began his meetings in Cairo on January 27, and Obama said his visit was part of the president's campaign promise to listen to both sides of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and negotiate a peace deal. However, in a continuation of a George W. Bush administration policy, Mitchell did not plan to talk to Hamas, a group Israel and the United States consider a terrorist organization, but instead focus on talks with the Palestinian National Authority. Mitchell first met with new Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in February 2009 and has met with many notable figures of the Middle East since. In 2010, he led the US delegation to the Palestine Investment Conference.

On May 13, 2011, George Mitchell tendered his resignation from the post of Special Envoy to the Middle East. Obama praised Mitchell, stating, "His deep commitment to resolving conflict and advancing democracy has contributed immeasurably to the goal of two states [Israel and Palestine] living side by side in peace and security."

San Bruno pipeline explosion

In 2012, Mitchell was asked to lead talks towards determining fines involved in the 2010 San Bruno pipeline explosion.

Consultant and advisor
In June 2014, Mitchell was hired as a senior advisor at the public relations and advisory company Teneo, a firm closely connected to the Clintons. Like Mitchell, who in 1995 had been appointed special envoy to Northern Ireland by President Bill Clinton, Teneo founder and CEO Declan Kelly had been appointed economic envoy to Northern Ireland in September 2009 by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

Personal life
Mitchell was married for 26 years until he and his wife Sally divorced in 1987. They are the parents of a daughter, Andrea. In December 1994, he married Heather MacLachlan, 35, a sports management consultant. They have a son, Andrew, and daughter, Claire, named in honor of Claire Bowes (née Gallagher) who had so inspired him when she was blinded in the Omagh bombing.

Mitchell was diagnosed with a "small, low grade, and localized" prostate cancer in 2007.

In August 2020, he was diagnosed with acute leukemia, but by April 2023, he described himself as "pain-free and in remission."

Epstein scandal
Virginia Giuffre, a woman who has long claimed that disgraced financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein forced her to have sex with powerful men, named Mitchell in documents unsealed on August 9, 2019 (a day before Epstein's death), by a Federal court in the Southern District of New York. The papers included affidavits and depositions of key witnesses in a 2015 lawsuit that Giuffre filed against Epstein and his associate Ghislaine Maxwell. Giuffre accused the two individuals of sex-trafficking her to high-profile individuals, including Mitchell, in the early 2000s while she was underage. Mitchell denied ever having met or spoken with Giuffre, and stated that he became aware of Epstein's criminal prosecution only through the media.

On November 30, 2021, Epstein's former pilot Larry Visoski named Mitchell as one of the people he recalled flying on one of Epstein's private planes, but claimed to have never seen sexual activity nor indication that such activity had taken place.

Awards and honors
In 1994, Mitchell received the US Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award distributed annually by Jefferson Awards.

In recognition for his role in the Northern Ireland peace process, Mitchell was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Liberty Medal, and was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. In addition, in 1999 Mitchell was invested as an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE).

In 2002, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

In 2003, he received the Freedom Medal.

On January 28, 2014, a portrait of Mitchell was unveiled for display at the Maine State Capitol alongside those of other notable Mainers.

On April 10, 2018, Mitchell was awarded Freedom of the City of Belfast, alongside former President Bill Clinton in a ceremony at the Ulster Hall.

Books
(with Senator William Cohen, co-author) Men of Zeal: A Candid Inside Story of the Iran-Contra Hearings (September 1988)
World on Fire: Saving an Endangered Earth (January 1991)
Not For America Alone: The Triumph of Democracy and The Fall of Communism (May 1997)
Making Peace (April 1999 – 1st Edition, July 2000 – Updated)
The Negotiator: A Memoir (May 2015)
(with Alon Sachar, co-author) A Path to Peace: A Brief History of Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations and a Way Forward in the Middle East (November 2016)

See also
 Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates
 List of Arab and Middle-Eastern Americans in the United States Congress

References

Further reading
 Bosse, Michael R. "George J. Mitchell: Maine's Environmental Senator." Maine Law Review 47 (1995): 179+. online
 Curran, Daniel, and James Sebenius. "The mediator as coalition builder: George Mitchell in Northern Ireland." International Negotiation 8.1 (2003): 111-147 online.
 Curran, Daniel, James K. Sebenius, and Michael Watkins. "Two Paths to Peace: Contrasting George Mitchell in Northern Ireland with Richard Holbrooke in Bosnia–Herzegovina." Negotiation Journal 20.4 (2004): 513-537 online.
 Gormley-Heenan, Cathy. Political leadership and the Northern Ireland peace process: Role, capacity and effect (Springer, 2006).

 Gould, Alberta. George Mitchell: In Search of Peace. Farmington, Maine: Heritage Pub., 1996
 Mackenzie, G. Calvin. "Senator George Mitchell and the Constitution." Maine Law Review 47 (1995): 163+ online.
 Mitchell, George J. "Toward Peace in Northern Ireland." Fordham International Law Journal 22 (1998): 1136+. a primary source

Fiction
 McCann, Colum. Transatlantic. Random House, New York, 2013. Novel.

External links

 Special Envoy for Middle East Peace at the US Department of State

Profile: George Mitchell at BBC News, May 13, 2011
 Interview with George J. Mitchell by Don Nicoll, May 2, 2002 – summary sheet, transcript and audio link at Bates College Digital Library
 Interview with George Mitchell
1 Previously appointed to the office by then-Governor Joe Brennan in 1980 following the resignation of Ed Muskie to become Secretary of State

|colspan=8 |
|-
!Year
!Candidate
!Party
!Pct
!Opponent
!Party
!Pct
|-mithcell
||1982
|style="background:#B3D9FF;" |George Mitchell (inc.)1
|style="background:#B3D9FF;" |Democratic
|style="background:#B3D9FF;" |61%
|style="background:#FFB3B3;" |David F. Emery
|style="background:#FFB3B3;" |Republican
|style="background:#FFB3B3;" |39%
|-
|1988
|style="background:#B3D9FF;" |George Mitchell (inc.)
|style="background:#B3D9FF;" |Democratic
|style="background:#B3D9FF;" |81%
|style="background:#FFB3B3;" |Jasper Wyman
|style="background:#FFB3B3;" |Republican
|style="background:#FFB3B3;" |19%

1933 births
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
American chairpersons of corporations
American male non-fiction writers
American men's basketball players
American non-fiction environmental writers
American people of Irish descent
American political writers
Bowdoin College alumni
Bowdoin Polar Bears men's basketball players
Chairmen of The Walt Disney Company
Chancellors of Queen's University Belfast
Corporate executives
Democratic Party United States senators from Maine
Directors of The Walt Disney Company
Disney executives
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Jeffrey Epstein
Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Maine
Living people
Maine Democrats
Members of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group
Northern Ireland peace process
Obama administration personnel
Politicians from Waterville, Maine
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Private investigators
Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award
United States Army officers
United States Attorneys for the District of Maine
United States district court judges appointed by Jimmy Carter
United States Special Envoys
United States Department of Justice lawyers
American politicians of Lebanese descent
Members of Congress who became lobbyists

George J. Mitchell


Tardigrada, Ecdysozoa üstşubesine bağlı bir hayvan şubesidir. Tardigrada bilinen en dayanıklı hayvanlardan biri olup, bilinen diğer yaşam biçimlerine ölümcül olan aşırı koşullara dayanabilmektedirler. 1 K (-458 °F; -272 °C) ila yaklaşık 420 K (300 °F; 150 °C) arasında değişen sıcaklıklarda hayatta kalabildikleri tespit edilmiştir.  Uzay boşluğuna dayanabildiği keşfedilmiştir.

Etimoloji
İlk kez Alman zoolog Johann August Ephraim Goeze tarafından 1773'de keşfedildi. Tardigrada adı Latincede "yavaş adım" anlamına gelir ve bu ad hayvana üç yıl sonra İtalyan biyolog Lazzaro Spallanzani tarafından verilmiştir.

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

Ecdysozoa

Tardigrada


Can't Take Me Home este albumul de debut a cântăreței americane P!nk, lansat în Statele Unite pe 4 aprilie 2000 de LaFace Records. A produs trei single-uri—"There You Go", "Most Girls", și "You Make Me Sick", și a ajuns la numărul douăzeci și șase de pe US Billboard 200. Producătorii au inclus Kevin "She'kspere" Briggs, Babyface, Kandi Burruss, Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney, Daryl Simmons, și Tricky. P!nk a co-scris șapte piese de pe album. Acest album a fost unul R&B.

Listă piese

Personal
 P!nk – voce
 Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney – clape, producator, baterie
 Babyface – producator
 Harold Frasier – producător, clape
 Steve "Rhytim" Clarke – producător, baterie
 Va Baker – aranjament vocal
 Steve Baughman – asistent
 Kerren Legume – viori
 Elliot Blakely – asistent
 Paul Boutin – inginer
 Jason Boyd – aranjor
 Josh Butler – inginer
 Ralph Cacciurri – asistent
 Chris Campion – inginer
 Rob Chiarelli – mixaj
 Chrissy Conway – voce de fundal
 Lysa Cooper – stilist
 Sharon A. Daley – A&R
 Regina Davenport – artist coordonare
 Kevin "KD" Davis – mixaj
 Blake Eiseman – inginer
 Daniela Federici – fotografie
 Paul Foley – inginer
 Sherree Ford-Payne – voce de fundal
 John Frye – inginer

Apariții media
"You Make Me Sick", a apărut pe coloana sonora a filmului Save the Last Dance din 2001. "Split Personality", a apărut în filmul The Princess Diaries în 2001.

Albume din 2000
Albume Pink

Can't Take Me Home


Politekhnitchny Institut () est une station de la  ligne Svyatochins'ko-Brovars'ka (M1) du métro de Kiev. Elle est située dans le raïon de Chevtchenko de la ville de Kiev en Ukraine.

Mise en service en 1963, elle est desservie par les rames de la ligne M1. Le service est arrêté ou perturbé depuis l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022. Elle dessert notamment l'Institut polytechnique de Kiev.

Situation sur le réseau

Établie en souterrain, la station Politekhnitchny Institut, est une station de passage de la ligne Svyatochins'ko-Brovars'ka (M1) du métro de Kiev. Elle est située entre la station Choulyavska, en direction du terminus ouest Akademmistetchko, et la station Vokzalna, en direction du terminus est, Lisova.

Elle dispose d'un quai central encadré par les deux voies de la ligne.

Histoire
La station Politekhnitchny Institut est mise en service le . La station est due aux architectes G. Golovko, E. Ivanov, M. Syrkin, B. Dzbanovsky et au sculpteur AT. Barbe.

Services aux voyageurs

Accès et accueil

Desserte
Politekhnitchny Institut est desservie par les rames de la ligne M1.

Intermodalité

À proximité
 Institut polytechnique de Kiev

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Métro de Kiev
 Ligne Svyatochins'ko-Brovars'ka (M1)

Liens externes
 .
 .

Station de la ligne M1 du métro de Kiev
Station de métro mise en service en 1963

Politekhnitchny Institut (métro de Kiev)


Blýantseinir (fræðiheiti: Juniperus virginiana) er tegund af barrtré í einisætt. Hann er ættaður frá suðausturhluta Norður-Ameríku.

Tilvísanir

Einisætt

Blýantseinir


Estadio Banco Guayaquil, mais conhecido como Complejo Independiente del Valle, é uma arena de futebol dentro das dependências do Independiente del Valle, mais precisamente ao lado de seu CT, em Quito, Equador

Atualmente o local é palco das partidas nacionais e continentais do Independiente del Valle e a sua equipe B, o Independiente Del Valle Juniors

A Arena se localiza a 12km do centro de Quito, na região de Pichincha e tem capacidade para 12.000 espectadores, o que não permite que a equipe atue em casa nas fases decisivas das competições da CONMEBOL Apesar de ter recebido a partida de Ida da Recopa 2023 após liberação da entidade.

História
O Projeto do del Valle era para deixar para trás os dias de jogos em seu estádio (na época) com apenas 7 mil lugares de capacidade, foi quando o gerente geral Santiago Morales, relevou o projeto a imprensa em outubro de 2019.

A construção teve início em outubro de 2020, e a inauguração da grande obra aconteceu em 18 de fevereiro de 2021, o estádio foi o primeiro do Equador a ter naming rights do banco equatoriano Guayaquill e 100% dos acentos individuais em cadeiras

O Estádio é dividido em setores sul, oeste e leste, além de contar com 30 camarotes, 3 áreas de lazer, 4 vestiários, 12 cabines de imprensa, sala de transmissões, sala de eventos sociais, sala de coletiva de imprensa, 1500 vagas de estacionamento, museu do clube e ar condicionado frio em todas essas áreas

Com apenas duas rodadas de atraso da data prevista para a inauguração seguindo o calendário da Liga Equatoriana, deixando de ser na primeira semana de março de 2021, para ocorrer no dia 20 de março de 2021, 5ª rodada, onde o Del Valle venceu o Delfín com gol inaugural de Lorenzo Faravelli, em partida que foi vencida pelos donos da nova casa por 2 a 0, a iluminação foi instalada em Junho, permitindo o estádio de receber partidas continentais dos campeonatos da CONMEBOL, além de antenas de WI-FI, caixas de áudio, outdores e placaras de LED, enfermaria e sala de representantes oficiais, todas os custos foram bancados pelo próprio clube e seu novo parceiro com orçamento de 12 Milhões de Dolares

Noite de gala, Recopa 2023
Mesmo sem a capacidade permitida para receber sequer as oitavas de final de uma competição continental o Estádio Banco Guayaquil recebeu a partida de ida da CONMEBOL Recopa 2023 na noite fria e sob garoa de 22 de fevereiro daquele ano, entre Indepediente Del Valle e Flamengo, que terminou com a vitória do Del Valle por 1-0 contra o então terceiro colocado da Copa do Mundo de Clubes da FIFA, em um gramado muito elogiado pelos Flamenguistas

Ligações externas

 Perfil do estádio Soccerway

Construções de Quito
Estádios de futebol do Equador
Independiente del Valle

Estádio Banco Guayaquil


Cette page concerne les évènements survenus en 2000 en Finlande  :

Évènement
 .
 - : Élection présidentielle
  : Entrée en vigueur de la Constitution finlandaise

Sport
 Championnat de Finlande de football 2000
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 1999-2000
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 2000-2001
  : Organisation de l'épreuve relais homme des championnats du monde de biathlon à Lahti.
 13- : Organisation des championnats d'Europe de boxe amateur à Tampere.
 - : Organisation des championnats d'Europe de natation à Helsinki.
 - : Participation de la Finlande aux Jeux olympiques d'été de Sydney.
 Création du Football Club KooTeePee et de  (équipe de hockey).

Culture

Sortie de film
 Dancer in the Dark
 Les Instables
 Sept Chants de la toundra

Création

 Bolt Arena

 Myyrmäen jalkapallostadion
 Olo n:o 22

Dissolution

Naissance
 Isac Elliot, chanteur.
 Jesperi Kotkaniemi, joueur de hockey sur glace.

Décès
 , tireur sportif.
 , personnalité politique.
 Vilho Ylönen, biathlète.

Notes et références

2000 en Finlande

2000 en Finlande


Radyo Alaturka, merkezi İstanbul'da olan ve Türk Sanat Müziği ile Klasik Türk müziği türünde eserler yayınlayan bir radyo kanalıdır.

Uzan Holding'e bağlı "Star Medya Grubu"'na bağlı olarak kurulan ve uzun süre bu gruba bağlı bir medya kuruluşu olarak kalan radyo kanalı, 2004 Nisan ayında düzenlenen ihale ile 350.000 USD bedelle Radyo Alaturka "Karma Radyo ve Tv Yayıncılık" isimli şirkete satılmıştır. Radyo adını 2006 yılında "Karmaturka" olarak değiştirmiştir.

Eylül 2008 yılında ise yayın hayatına tekrar Radyo Alaturka ismiyle devam etmektedir.

Gitassi Medya, Rock FM'i internet yayına devam ederken kardeş radyosu Radyo Alaturka, Aralık 2016'da ulusal olarak yayına sürdürmektedir. Radyo Alaturka'nın ulusal yayını, 19 Şubat 2017'de Ankara'da yayınlara başladı.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Platform'da Radyo Alaturka Sayfası

Alaturka
2002'de kurulan radyo kanalları

Radyo Alaturka


Leona Gom (* 1946 in Alberta, Kanada) ist eine kanadische Schriftstellerin, Dichterin und Hochschullehrerin, die sowohl Gedichte als auch Kriminalromane und Thriller in Englisch verfasst. Sie gewann den Canadian Authors Association Award CAAA und den Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize.

Leben

Leona Gom wurde 1946 auf einer entlegenen Farm im Nordosten Albertas geboren und wuchs dort auch auf. Ihr Studium an der University of Alberta in Edmonton schloss sie mit einem B.Ed. und M.A. ab. Sie unterrichtete danach für viele Jahre Englisch an den Douglas and Kwantlen Colleges sowie an der University of Alberta und der University of British Columbia. Für ungefähr zehn Jahre arbeitete sie als Herausgeberin bei dem preisgekrönten Magazin Event. Sie erhielt eine Writer-in-Residence-Stelle an University of Alberta, der University of Lethbridge und der University of Winnipeg.

Ihr Werk umfasst einige Tagebücher und über 50 Anthologien, allein vier ihrer Kriminalromane um ihre fiktive Heldin Vicky Bauer wurden ins Deutsche und ein Roman ins Französische übersetzt. Die Filmrechte ihres Romans The Y Chromosome wurden erworben und dessen Text wurde sowohl von Genderstudien als auch von Soziologiekursen in Kanada und den Vereinigten Staaten rezipiert.

1981 gewann sie den Canadian Authors Association Award in der Sparte Gedichte für ihre Sammlung Land of the Peace und 1986 ehrte man ihren Roman Housebroken mit dem zu den BC Book Prizes gehörenden Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize.

Das Leona Gom-Archiv wird seit 1993 von der University of Calgary betreut. Aufgrund ihrer Herkunft zählt man sie neben Anne Campbell, Lorna Crozier, Kim Morrissey und Anne Szumigalski zu den sog. Prairie poets.

Werk

Romane
 Housebroken. NeWest, Edmonton 1986; wieder Paperjacks, Toronto 1989
 Zero Avenue. Douglas & McIntyre, Vancouver 1989
  Übers. Margarete Längsfeld: Unverhoffte Ankunft. Orlanda, Berlin 1991 ISBN 3-922166-75-X; 2. Aufl. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt 1994 ISBN 3-596-11558-2
 The Y Chromosome. Sumach Second Story, Toronto 1990
 Le chromosome Y. Übers. Sylvie Bérard, Suzanne Grenier. Alire, Québec 2000 ISBN 2-922145-41-7
 After-Image: A Vicky Bauer Mystery Sumach/Second Story, Toronto 1996; St. Martin's Press, NY 1996
 Übers. Ingrid Lebe: Vicky und der Mord im Sucher. Fischer Taschenbuch, 2001 ISBN 3-596-14795-6
 Double Negative: A Vicky Bauer Mystery. Sumach/Second Story, Toronto 1998 ISBN 1-896764-07-X
 Übers. Ingrid Lebe: Vicky und das Doppelspiel. Fischer Taschenbuch, 2001 ISBN 3-596-14796-4
 Freeze Frame: A Vicky Bauer Mystery. Sumach/Second Story, Toronto 1999
 Übers. Christel Dormagen: Vicky und die rätselhaften Fotos. Fischer Taschenbuch, 2002 ISBN 3-596-14797-2
 Hating Gladys Sumach, Toronto 2002
 The Exclusion Principle. Sumach, Toronto 2009 ISBN 978-1-894549-79-0)

Gedichte
 Kindling. Fiddlehead, Fredericton 1972
 The Singletree. Sono Nis,  Victoria 1975
 Land of the Peace. Thistledown, Saskatoon 1980
 Northbound. Thistledown, Saskatoon 1984
 Private Properties. Sono Nis, Victoria 1986
 The Collected Poems. Sono Nis, Victoria 1991

Auszeichnungen
 1981: "Canadian Authors Association Award for poetry" für ihre Gedichte Land of the Peace
 1986: "Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize" für Housebroken

Weblinks
 Nora Foster Stovel: Hearts of Stone: Quarrying the Canadian Shield in Recent Canadian Women's Writing. In: The International Fiction Review, 2006, Nr. 33

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Roman, Epik
Lyrik
Kriminalliteratur
Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (University of Lethbridge)
Hochschullehrer (University of Alberta)
Kanadische Literatur
Hochschullehrer (University of British Columbia)
Kanadier
Geboren 1946
Frau

Leona Gom


Dorwarth ist der Familienname der folgenden Personen:

 Agnes Dorwarth (* 1953), deutsche Blockflötistin und Komponistin
 Rainer Dorwarth (1924–2015), deutscher Künstler

siehe auch
 Thorwarth

Dorwarth


A Espiã Que Entrou em Fria é um filme brasileiro de gênero policial, dirigido Sanin Cherques, com roteiro de Sanin Cherques e Wilson Vaz, lançado em 1968.

Sinopse
O professor Plácido (Afonso Stuart) é um cientista maluco que inventa uma forma de energia atômica que ele jura ser capaz de substituir os principais combustíveis do mercado - e até mesmo a eletricidade. De olho o invento, vários agentes especiais são enviados para roubar a fórmula do sucesso.

Elenco
Carmem Verônica...Jane Bond
Agildo Ribeiro...Armando
Afonso Stuart...Professor Plácido
Jorge Loredo... Yuri
Tânia Scher...Léa
Dedé Santana... Malandro
José Santa Cruz... Rubi
Paulo Celestino...Investigador
Ary Leite... Delegado
Mario Alimari...Divino
Esmeralda Barros...Sequestradora
Noira Mello...Sequestradora
Zelia Martins...Sequestradora
Flavia Balbi...Sequestradora
Ivan Setta...Repórter

Participações
Norma Bengell
Cyll Farney
Anselmo Duarte
Jece Valadão
Oscarito...Taxista
Neide Aparecida
Carlos Alberto

Filmes do Brasil de 1968
Filmes de comédia do Brasil
Filmes de comédia da década de 1960
Filmes em língua portuguesa

A Espiã Que Entrou em Fria


An Vanilla moonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni George Henry Kendrick Thwaites. An Vanilla moonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Vanilla, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Sri Lanka. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Vanilla

Vanilla moonii


Susedgradsko-stubičko vlastelinstvo bilo je srednjovjekovno vlastelinstvo na području današnjih Zagrebačke županije, Grada Zagreba i Krapinsko-zagorske županije koje je nastalo u 14. stoljeću.

Granice vlastelinstva
Granice vlastelinstva bile su na zapadu od utoka rijeke Sutle u Savu, jednim dijelom tokom Save, nakon čega su se preko desne obale Save spuštale do Strmca Samoborskog, Novaka i Rakitja koje je obuhvaćalo. Granica se nadalje protezala preko ušća potoka Vrapčaka u Savu, odakle je nastavljala preko obronaka Medvednice do Poljanice Bistranske. Odatle se protezala preko Gornje Stubice do Bedekovčine. Sjeverna granica vlastelinstva protezala se od Krapine do Luke, pa nadalje sjeverozapadno prema Merenju i Oplazniku ponovo do rijeke Sutle. Vlastelinstvo se razvijalo oko 2 glavna središta; utvrde Susedgrad i dvorca Donje Stubice. Zbog odličnog položaja susedgradske utvrde, odande se je lako nadzirala dolina rijeke Save kao i komunikacija od Ljubljane prema Sisku. Nedaleko od Podsuseda nalazio se most preko Save i mitnica gdje su lokalni gospodari naplaćivali brodarinu i kontrolirali robu koja je ulazila na vlastelinstvo.

Povijest
Vlastelinstvo je nastalo nakon što su posjedi u vlasništvu roda Aka podjeljeni 1340. i 1342. na dva dijela. Prvi, manji dio koji je obuhvaćao gornjostubički dio pripao je tzv. gornjostubičkoj grani iste obitelji, dok je drugi veći dio pripao susedgradsko-stubičkoj grani koja se je ubrzo počela nazivati Tot Susedgradski. Ista je obitelj 1345. godine od vladara povratila utvrdu Susedgrad, nakon čega su od svoje obitelji godinu dana kasnije dobili Slani Potok i Donju Stubicu. Ubrzo su osvojili i posjed imena Zakrapina kojeg je činilo područje između rijeka Krapine i Sutle čime je vlastelinstvo dobilo svoj konačni oblik. Početkom 16. stoljeća, vlastelinstvo je bilo jedno od najvećih u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj. Do 1560-tih imalo je oko 1400 stanovnika. Tijekom vremena razni plemići izmjenjivali su se su se kao vlasnici. 1573. godine na vlastelinstvu je izbila velika Seljačka buna pod vodstvom Matije Gubca koja je potom ugušena.

Diobom susedgradsko-stubičkog vlastelinstva 1574. godine počinje proces raspada i usitnjavanja na samostalne posjede. U narednom periodu, vlastelinstvo se raspalo na preko 20 plemićkih kurija koje su postale potpuno samostalna gospodarstva.

Literatura

Povijest Hrvatske (1102. – 1527.)
Povijest Hrvatskog zagorja
Povijest Zagreba

Susedgradsko-stubičko vlastelinstvo


La liste suivante recense les espèces vulnérables d'oiseaux inscrites à l'Annexe II de la CITES.

Sauf mention contraire, l'inscription à l'Annexe d'une espèce inclut l'ensemble de ses sous-espèces et de ses populations.

Liste

 Famille des Anatidae :
 Anas bernieri
 Anas formosa
 Branta ruficollis
 Coscoroba coscoroba
 Cygnus melancoryphus
 Dendrocygna arborea
 Oxyura leucocephala
 Sarkidiornis melanotos

 Famille des Trochilidae :
 Trochilidae spp.  (sauf les espèces inscrites à l'Annexe I)

 Famille des Balaenicipitidae :
 Balaeniceps rex

 Famille des Ciconiidae :
 Ciconia nigra

 Famille des Phoenicopteridae :
 Phoenicopteridae spp.

 Famille des Threskiornithidae :
 Eudocimus ruber
 Geronticus calvus
 Platalea leucorodia

 Famille des Columbidae :
 Gallicolumba luzonica
 Goura spp.

 Famille des Bucerotidae :
 Aceros spp. (sauf les espèces inscrites à l'Annexe I)
 Anorrhinus spp.
 Anthracoceros spp.
 Berenicornis spp.
 Buceros spp. (sauf les espèces inscrites à l'Annexe I)
 Penelopides spp.
 Rhyticeros spp. (sauf les espèces inscrites à l'Annexe I)

 Famille des Musophagidae :
 Tauraco spp.

 Ordre des Falconiformes :
 Falconiformes spp. (sauf Caracara lutosa et les espèces de la famille Cathartidae, qui ne sont pas inscrites aux annexes ; ainsi que les espèces inscrites aux Annexes I et III)

 Famille des Phasianidae :
 Argusianus argus
 Gallus sonneratii
 Ithaginis cruentus
 Pavo muticus
 Polyplectron bicalcaratum
 Polyplectron germaini
 Polyplectron malacense
 Polyplectron schleiermacheri
 Syrmaticus reevesii
 Tympanuchus cupido attwateri

 Famille des Gruidae :
 Gruidae spp. (sauf les espèces inscrites à l'Annexe I)

 Famille des Otididae :
 Otididae spp. (sauf les espèces inscrites à l'Annexe I)

 Famille des Cotingidae :
 Rupicola spp.

 Famille des Emberizidae :
 Gubernatrix cristata
 Paroaria capitata
 Paroaria coronata
 Tangara fastuosa

 Famille des Estrildidae :
 Amandava formosa
 Lonchura oryzivora
 Poephila cincta cincta

 Famille des Fringillidae :
 Carduelis yarrellii

 Famille des Meliphagidae :
 Lichenostomus melanops cassidix

 Famille des Muscicapidae :
 Cyornis ruckii
 Dasyornis broadbenti litoralis
 Dasyornis longirostris
 Garrulax canorus
 Garrulax taewanus
 Leiothrix argentauris
 Leiothrix lutea
 Liocichla omeiensis

 Famille des Paradisaeidae :
 Paradisaeidae spp.

 Famille des Pittidae :
 Pitta guajana
 Pitta nympha

 Famille des Pycnonotidae :
 Pycnonotus zeylanicus

 Famille des Sturnidae :
 Gracula religiosa

 Famille des Ramphastidae :
 Pteroglossus aracari
 Pteroglossus viridis
 Ramphastos sulfuratus
 Ramphastos toco
 Ramphastos tucanus
 Ramphastos vitellinus

 Ordre des Psittaciformes :
 Psittaciformes spp. (sauf les espèces inscrites à l'Annexe I, ainsi quAgapornis roseicollis, Melopsittacus undulatus, Nymphicus hollandicus et Psittacula krameri, qui ne sont pas inscrites aux annexes)

 Famille des Rheidae :
 Pterocnemia pennata pennata Rhea americana Famille des Spheniscidae :
 Spheniscus demersus Ordre des Strigiformes :
 Strigiformes spp. (sauf les espèces inscrites à l'Annexe I et Sceloglaux albifacies'')

 Références

 Voir aussi
 Articles connexes

 Liste des espèces de mammifères inscrites à l'Annexe II de la CITES
 Liste des espèces de reptiles inscrites à l'Annexe II de la CITES
 Liste des espèces d'amphibiens inscrites à l'Annexe II de la CITES
 Liste des espèces de poissons inscrites à l'Annexe II de la CITES
 Liste des espèces d'invertébrés inscrites à l'Annexe II de la CITES
 Liste des espèces de plantes inscrites à l'Annexe II de la CITES

 Liens externes

 Listes complètes des espèces inscrites sur les Annexes I, II et III de la CITES (fr)''' : https://www.cites.org/fra/app/appendices.php

CITES annexe II

Liste des espèces d'oiseaux inscrites à l'Annexe II de la CITES


මිලර්ඩ් ෆිල්මෝ (ජනවාරි 7, 1800 – මාර්තු 8, 1874) යනු  එක්සත් ජනපදයෙහි 13වන ජනාධිපතිවරයා (1850–1853) වූ අතර, ධවල මන්දිරයෙහි සිටියදී විග් පක්ෂයෙහි සාමාජිකයෙක් වූ අවසන් තැනැත්තා විය.

මිලර්ඩ් ෆිල්මෝ


An Paspalum sodiroanum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel. An Paspalum sodiroanum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Paspalum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Paspalum

Paspalum sodiroanum


El monte Tsajvoa  es una montaña del Cáucaso Occidental, en la cordillera Gertsen, en el territorio del krai de Krasnodar de Rusia. Es el punto más alto del krai. Su cima se encuentra a 3 346

Por sus laderas descienden los ríos Málaya Labá, Tsajvoa y Bezymianka. En su vertiente norte se encuentra uno de los glaciares más grandes del krai de Krasnodar, de unos 2.5 kilómetros cuadrados de superficie.

El monte es uno de los más bellos del Cáucaso y es popular entre los turistas y escaladores.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth.
Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Цахвоа (гора).
 Tverdi, A. V., Yefremov, Y. V., Álbum de fotos Кубань с высоты
 Monte Tsajvoa

Tresmiles del Cáucaso de Rusia
Montañas del krai de Krasnodar

Monte Tsajvoa


Gneuß ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Charlotte Gneuß (* 1992), deutsche Schriftstellerin
 Kerstin Franke-Gneuß (* 1959), deutsche Grafikerin, Malerin und Installationskünstlerin

Siehe auch:
 Gneuss

Gneuß


Acca lanuginosa jedna od tri biljne vrste u rodu Acca, porodica mirtovki. Endem je u Peruu. Nanofanerofit ili fanerofit.

Bazionim je Psidium lanuginosum Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don

Sinonimi
 Acca peruviana O. Berg
 Acca velutina Burret
 Psidium lanuginosum Ruiz & Pav. apud Lopez

Izvori

Aka
Flora Perua

Acca lanuginosa


Țestoasele Ninja () este un serial de animație american dezvoltat de Lloyd Goldfine. Este al doilea serial de animație al francizei Țestoasele Ninja. Serialul a avut premiera pe 8 februarie 2003 ca parte a blocului de programe FoxBox al Fox (mai târziu 4Kids TV), și s-a terminat pe 28 februarie 2009.

Serialul a fost anunțat pe 7 mai 2002. A fost coprodus de creatorii francizei Mirage Studios, care au codeținut drepturi asupra serialului, și 4Kids Entertainment, fiind primul său serial realizat în casă, cu animația realizată de studioul Dong Woo.

Serialul a durat 156 de episoade și 7 sezoane. Pentru ultimul său sezon în 2008, serialul s-a mutat pe canalul The CW ca parte a blocului de programe The CW4Kids.

Difuzarea în România

Legături externe

Țestoasele Ninja
Seriale de animație
Desene animate
Seriale de televiziune din 2003

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (serial TV din 2003)


Joseph Medes Ferris (1885-1936), est un agriculteur espagnol, membre de l'Action catholique, assassiné durant la guerre d'Espagne pour avoir donné asile à des religieux en fuite.

Il est béatifié avec d'autres martyrs de la guerre d'Espagne en 2001 par le pape Jean-Paul II.

Biographie
Joseph Ramón Medes Ferrís est né le  à Algemesí, près de Valence en Espagne. Il est baptisé le jour même de sa naissance dans l'église paroissiale dédiée à saint Jacques. Fils d'agriculteur, il devient agriculteur à son tour et se marie le  avec Marie de la Purification Esteve Martínez. Il est membre de l', et rejoint l'Action catholique et s'investit dans le catéchisme pour les enfants. Le couple n'a pas d'enfant. Joseph entre dans le Tiers-Ordre carmélite.

Au début de la guerre civile, il donne asile à deux frères carmes déchaussés et une religieuse cistercienne en fuite. En famille, ils prient tous le chapelet. Mais ils sont dénoncés par des voisins, et la milice intervient : les religieux sont arrêtés et emprisonnés le . La milice revient l'arrêter le lendemain et le mène dans la même prison : le couvent cistercien de Fons Salutis. Dans la nuit du 11 au 12 novembre, il est assassiné en même temps que les religieux, à Alcudia de Carnet. Au moment de son exécution, il crie : , faisant le lien et s'unissant aux cristeros mexicains.

Béatification et mémoire

Il est béatifié par le pape Jean-Paul II le , en même temps que 232 autres martyrs de la guerre d'Espagne.

Sa mémoire est célébrée dans l'Église catholique le 12 novembre.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Martyrs de la guerre d'Espagne

Liens externes

  Beato Giuseppe Raimondo Medes Ferris.

Bienheureux catholique espagnol
Martyr de la guerre d'Espagne
Naissance en janvier 1885
Naissance dans la province de Valence
Décès en novembre 1936
Décès dans la province de Valence
Décès à 51 ans

Joseph Medes Ferris


Katarina Tomašević (født d. 6. februar 1984 i Beograd) er en serbisk håndboldspiller, der spiller for Dunaújvárosi Kohász KA i Ungarn og det serbiske landshold.

Eksterne henvisninger

Håndboldspillere fra Serbien
Håndboldspillere fra Team Esbjerg

Katarina Tomašević


Vreeland bezeichnet:

 Vreeland (Niederlande), Ortschaft in der Provinz Utrecht
 USS Vreeland (FF-1068), Fregatte der United States Navy

Vreeland ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Albert L. Vreeland (1901–1975), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Charles E. Vreeland (1852–1916), US-amerikanischer Marineoffizier
 Clark Vreeland († 2013), US-amerikanischer Musiker, Songwriter und Produzent
 Edward B. Vreeland (1856–1936), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Diana Vreeland (1903–1989), US-amerikanische Modedesignerin, Kolumnistin, Kritikerin und Redakteurin
 Keith Vreeland (1937/38–2018), US-amerikanischer Jazzmusiker und Hochschullehrer
 Shannon Vreeland (* 1991), US-amerikanische Schwimmerin

Siehe auch:
 Freeland

Vreeland


57140 Gaddi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
57140 Gaddi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la San Marcello Pistoiese de Luciano Tesi și Andrea Boattini. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,43 ua, o excentricitate de 0,19 și o înclinație de 3,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 57001-58000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2001
Centura de asteroizi

57140 Gaddi


Stopa uzorka (eng. sample rate), mjera čija je mjerna jedinica u Hz poput frekvencija. To predstavlja broj digitalnih uzoraka snimljenih u sekundi potrebnih za prikaz vizualne predodžbe zvučnog signala (mora).

Izvori

Obrada zvuka

Stopa uzorka


Canidelo adını taşıyan Portekiz'de yerleşim birimleri:

 Canidelo - Vila do Conde belediyesinde bucak.
 Canidelo - Vila Nova de Gaia belediyesinde bucak.

Canidelo


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Kráľov Brod enthält das eine nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützte Objekt in der Gemeinde Kráľov Brod im Okres Galanta.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Kralov Brod


Beliáyevski , es un jútor del raión de Beloréchensk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia. Se sitúa en las tierras bajas de Kubán-Azov, entre las desembocaduras de los afluentes del Kubán, Bélaya y Pshish en la orilla meridional central del embalse de Krasnodar, 37 km al noroeste de Beloréchensk y 41 km al este de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 61 habitantes en 2011.

Pertenece al municipio Riazánskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Беляевский.
Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net .

Localidades del raión de Beloréchensk del krai de Krasnodar

Beliáyevski


Saro Arcidiacono (eigentlich Rosario Arcidiacono; * 11. Januar 1886 in Catania; † 1. Januar 1972 ebenda) war ein italienischer Schauspieler.

Arcidiacono betätigte sich vor allem als Theaterschauspieler, trat aber auch in einigen auf Sizilien und in Kalabrien gedrehten Filmen, meist von Pietro Germi, auf.

Für das Fernsehen war der Charakterdarsteller in Maestro Don Gesualdo (1964) und in der Übertragung des Pirandello-Stückes La giara (1967) zu sehen.

Er war mit seiner Kollegin Vittorina Campagna († 1980) verheiratet.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1949: Im Namen des Gesetzes (In nome della lege)
 1961: Scheidung auf italienisch (Divorzio all'italiana)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Theaterschauspieler
Filmschauspieler
Darstellender Künstler (Sizilien)
Italiener
Geboren 1886
Gestorben 1972
Mann

Saro Arcidiacono


Karyme Stadler Hass, cujo nome artístico é Branka (Curitiba, 3 de julho de 1980), é uma cantora e compositora brasileira.

Morando em São Paulo, em 2003 lançou o CD independente "Tempo de gritar" com músicas de influências do pop Rrck e MPB. Com a repercussão do CD, assinou contrato com a gravadora EMI. Pela EMI, lançou o CD "Faces e Fases".

Na década de 2010, mudou-se para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro e em 2012 lançou seu CD de samba "Barra de Saia".

Em 2015, seu CD "Barra de Saia" foi indicado ao Grammy Latino na categoria "Melhor Álbum de Engenharia de Gravação", além de ser selecionado para o Prêmio da Música Brasileira e no Prêmio Multishow de Música Brasileira.

Polêmica
A cantora, em entrevista com Ronnie Von, corrigiu o apresentador por uma fala racista no seu programa, em junho de 2019. Um vídeo de uma entrevista de 2014, feita no programa de Ronnie, repercutiu nas Redes Sociais, pois nela, uma simples pergunta e com direito a comentários do entrevistador, foi mau interpretado pelos internautas como sendo de conotação racista pelo apresentador Ronnie Von, porém, 5 anos depois do ocorrido.

Prêmios

Principais musicas
Agora quero amor
Algo mais
Amor solene
Armadilhas do amor
Barra da saia
Bicho solto

Ligações externas
 Dicionário da Música Popular Brasileira Cravo Albin

Naturais de Curitiba
Cantoras do Brasil

Branka


O peixe-anjo-de-Queensland (Chaetodontoplus meridithi), também conhecido como peixe-anjo-de-cauda-amarela-australiano ou peixe-anjo-de-Meredith, é uma espécie de peixe-anjo do gênero Chaetodontoplus, nativo do Pacífico Ocidental. Possui o corpo achatado, com a coloração preta e uma faixa branca próxima a cabeça amarelada e azulada, e uma cauda amarela arredondada chamativa.

Etimologia
A etimologia de "Chaetodontoplus", vem do grego "enoplus", que significa "armado" e "Chaetodon", gênero tipo dos peixes-borboleta (Chaetodontidae), que se assemelha com os peixes-anjo deste gênero. Já "meridithi", é uma homenagem a John G. Meredith, aquarista marinho e instrutor de mergulho, que coletou as espécies para estudo.

Biologia
Os peixes-anjo-de-Queensland, vivem em recifes de corais aos pares, entre 10 a 50 metros de profundidade. Os jovens habitam águas rasas, preferindo se esconder entre corais e rochas. Costumam a se alimentar de esponjas e ascídias.

Distribuição
São nativos do Pacífico Ocidental, sendo abundantes dês de Queensland até Sydney, Austrália. Incluindo a Ilha de Lord Howe e algumas partes do Mar da Tasmânia.

Chaetodontoplus
Peixes da Austrália
Peixes do Oceano Pacífico

Peixe-anjo-de-queensland


Maastricht University (abbreviated as UM; ) is a public research university in Maastricht, Netherlands. Founded in 1976, it is the second youngest of the thirteen Dutch universities.

In 2021, 22,383 students studied at Maastricht University, 56% of whom were foreign students, with over 4,000 employees. About half of the bachelor's programmes are fully offered in English, while the other half is taught wholly or partly in Dutch. Most of the master's and doctoral programmes are in English. Besides traditional programmes, Maastricht University also has three honours liberal arts colleges: University College Maastricht and the Maastricht Science Programme in the same liberal arts tradition. The satellite University College Venlo opened in 2015.

Maastricht University regularly ranks as one of Europe's leading universities. The university has been placed in the top 300 universities in the world by five major ranking tables. Maastricht University was at 88th place in the Times Higher Education World Ranking in 2016 (127th as of 2021), and 4th among Young Universities (6th in 2021). Amongst others, Maastricht University's master's programme in International Business is ranked 25, being in the top 25 of the best business programmes in the world according to the Financial Times, and its law faculty is ranked in 3rd place within the European Union and 23rd worldwide by the Times Higher Education World Ranking for the 2021-2022 period. In 2013, Maastricht University was the second Dutch university to be rewarded the 'Distinctive Quality Feature for Internationalisation' by the Accreditation Organisation of the Netherlands and Flanders (NVAO).

The University of Maastricht is one of the most important schools of political economy in the world.

History

Maastricht University was officially established in 1976. Faced with a shortage of medical professionals, the Dutch government decided in the late 1960s that a new public institution of higher education was needed in order to expand the country's medical training facilities. Political leaders in the province of Limburg, most notably Sjeng Tans, the chairman of the Labour Party and former member of the Limburg provincial council and Maastricht city council, successfully lobbied for the new medical school to be established in Maastricht. This academic institution would be vital to sustain the intellectual life of the city, and indeed the whole province. Moreover, it was argued that the establishment of a university in Maastricht could contribute to the government's restructuring efforts in this part of the Netherlands, which was experiencing economic challenges following the collapse of the Limburg coal mining industry.

The newly established school chose not to await official recognition but to start its educational programme in September 1974, adopting an innovative approach to academic education in the form of problem-based learning. About 50 students enrolled in the first academic year. By the end of 1975, the Dutch Parliament eventually passed the statute needed for the institution to acquire national educational funds and to be able to award academic degrees. The new university, named Rijksuniversiteit Limburg (State University of Limburg), was officially established on 9 January 1976, when Queen Juliana of the Netherlands signed the university's founding charter at a ceremony in the Basilica of Saint Servatius. Sjeng Tans became the university's first president.

Soon after its establishment, the university gained political support to increase its funding and to expand into other academic fields. The faculty of law was created in 1981, followed by the faculty of economics in 1984. In 1994, the faculty of arts and culture and one year later the faculty of psychology were established. The faculty of humanities and sciences started in 2005, containing a variety of organisational units, such as the department of knowledge engineering and the Maastricht Graduate School of Governance.  Together with the faculty of health, medicine and life sciences (established in 2007 as a merger between the faculty of health sciences and the faculty of medicine) Maastricht University currently has six faculties.

The university was renamed Universiteit Maastricht in 1996 and added its English-language name in 2008. As of 2010, Maastricht University consists of six faculties offering 17 bachelor programmes, 56 master programmes and several Ph.D. programmes.

2019 cyber attack
On December 23, 2019, Maastricht University suffered a major cyber-attack, more specifically a Microsoft Windows ransomware attack using "Clop". The ransomware encrypted almost all Windows systems used by Maastricht University, making it impossible for students and staff members to access any university online services during the Christmas break. A ransom was set from the offenders, which allowed a decryption of the university systems after Maastricht University paid €200,000 in a Bitcoin transfer. The lessons resumed with no delays on 6 January, with most online services again available to both students and staff members.

In 2020, the public prosecutor service seized the cryptocurrency account in which the ransom was paid. Once the ransom was converted from Bitcoin to Euros, the University was able to recover €500.000, double of what was paid.

Campuses
Maastricht University is located in buildings in two separate locations in Maastricht. The arts, humanities and social science departments are housed in a number of historic buildings in the city center, while psychology, the medical and life sciences are based in the modern Randwyck campus on the outskirts of the city.

City Centre Campuses
The university's arts, humanities and social sciences faculties are located in Maastricht's city centre, west of the river Meuse. Most of the university's inner city properties have official monumental status. As many of these buildings were facing abandonment at the time of their acquirement, the development of an urban university campus has contributed to the preservation and liveliness of Maastricht's historic city centre.

University buildings in Jekerkwartier
The first building that was obtained by the university was the former Jesuit monastery and seminary at Tongersestraat, largely dating from the 1930s. Here, in 1974 the newly established medical school started. After the faculty of medicine moved to premises closer to the newly constructed university hospital, the Jesuit monastery became home to the Faculty of Economy, which is now the university's largest academic unit in terms of student numbers. The building was expanded in the 1990s to include the university restaurant (mensa in Dutch) and a large lecture hall designed by Dutch architect Jo Coenen.

The Faculty of Law is housed in the building known as Oud Gouvernement in Bouillonstraat, which was completed in 1935 as the provincial government building. It was acquired by the UM in 1986 after the provincial government had moved to its new premises on the river Meuse in the southeastern part of the city. Opposite lies Slijpe Court, a 17th-century mansion that in 2002 was refurbished to house the Department of Knowledge Engineering of the Faculty of Humanities and Science.

The university's administrative headquarters is located at Minderbroedersberg, in a former Franciscan monastery, which dates back to 1699 and was later used as a court house and prison. The UM acquired the building in order to make it their administrative center in 1999. The Minderbroedersberg, with its Aula (main hall), also serves as the university's primary location for official academic ceremonies, such as Ph.D. conferrals.

At the bottom of the hill lies the former convent of the Bonnefanten, now the university's Student Service Center, as well as a visitor center, including a gift shop. This building, which dates back to 1627, served as a convent for nuns originally from Liège who were referred to as "bons enfants", "good children". In the twentieth century, the city's art museum was established here and later took its name from the building, Bonnefantenmuseum. In 1979 the building became the main branch of the university library, until the library moved to its current location. The oldest part of the library building at Grote Looiersstraat was constructed in 1755 and served as the city's poor house and military hospital. In the 1970s, the city's public library was built in the garden. In 1999 the city library moved to its current location at Centre Ceramique. The old library was then acquired by the UM. After major renovation and expansion works, the university library relocated here in 2003.

University College Maastricht is located at Zwingelput in a 15th-century béguinage, named Nieuwenhof. Maastricht Science College has its new home since 2012 in the renovated Hustinx Mansion in Kapoenstraat, which has a richly ornamented façade and a courtyard that is now covered.

Since 2013, the university has acquired several buildings on the site of the former Tapijn barracks, adjacent to the city park (Stadspark). Although outside the medieval centre, the area is still part of the Jekerkwartier. In 2019 the main U-shaped buildings were refurbished and enlarged with an underground atrium. They now house UM Learning Spaces. Other buildings at the Tapijn Campus are used temporarily by Knowledge Engineering and to help start-up enterprises.

University buildings elsewhere in the city centre
Several other university institutions are housed in buildings elsewhere in the city centre. The UM Language Centre is based in an old canon's house at Sint Servaasklooster. The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASoS) currently occupies three adjacent buildings on Grote Gracht. Soiron Mansion, built by the architect Matthias Soiron for his two brothers, canons of Saint Servatius Church, the former Ursuline girls schools, and Tilly Court, built for the Count of Tilly, the military governor of Maastricht, both date from the 18th century.

Randwyck Campus
The Randwyck campus was developed from the 1970s onwards and has become the center for the university's psychology, health, medicine and  life science activities. Here, plans for the Brightlands Maastricht Health Campus are aimed at strengthening the scientific and economic impact of Randwyck. The Randwyck and Brightlands campuses are not to be confused with the failed Calatrava Campus, also in Randwyck, which in 2008 had to be abandoned after construction had already begun, because the cost spiraled out of control.

The focal point for the Randwyck campus is the academic hospital (azM), which moved here from its original location on the West bank of the Meuse river in 1992. Some of university buildings are physically connected to the hospital, built in the 1990s. The university and the AZM work together in the Maastricht University Medical Center+, established in 2008.

In 2019, UM bought an existing office blok in Paul-Henri Spaaklaan, which after refurbishment will house the Department of Knowledge Engineering.

Satellite campuses
In recent years, the university has opened offices in the northern Limburg city of Venlo, the Belgian capital of Brussels and the city of Bangalore, India.

The Maastricht University, Campus Venlo is located in the renovated "Raad van Arbeid" building at Nassaustraat, close to the center of Venlo. Maastricht University currently offers two Master's programmes (Global Supply Chain Management, and Health Food Innovation Management) and a Bachelor's programme (University College Venlo) at this campus . Courses at University College Venlo started in September 2015.

Organisation

Governance

At the central level, the university is governed by the Executive Board, consisting of a president, a vice-president and a rector. The Executive Board appoints faculty deans, other administrators and professors and has general management responsibilities. It is advised by the Supervisory Council that vets for instance the budget.
The University Council, an elected body representing all members of staff and students at the university, has a limited number of decision-making powers as well as general advising responsibilities regarding the university's teaching and research programmes and in organisational and budgetary matters.

Maastricht University's teaching and research programmes are primarily carried out along the lines of faculties. Within faculties, teaching and research activities may be further decentralised through departments, schools, institutes or colleges. The names of organisational (sub)units, however, do not necessarily indicate their position within the university's organisational hierarchy. In 2009, for example, the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration was renamed school of business and Economics, even though it maintains the rank of a faculty.

The Board of Deans, consisting of all faculty deans and the Rector, acts as a coordinating and consulting body at the central level and is responsible for awarding doctoral degrees and honorary doctorates.

Faculties

Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences

The Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) was established in 2007 as a merger between the faculty of health sciences and the faculty of medicine. The latter was the first faculty to be established at Maastricht University. In 1980 the faculty of health sciences was founded. The broad range of disciplines it offered in healthcare sciences, made the faculty unique, not only in the Netherlands, but also in Europe. The format allowed students to integrate their discipline and research work into all areas related to society, health and disease. A one-year master's program in global health is available.

The two united faculties have developed into a community of approximately 1950 students, with a staff of around 1200 (academics, administrative and support staff). Since 1992 staff and students are based in the Randwyck district, near the University Hospital (Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht or AZM) which opened in 1991. The AZM has been renamed MUMC+ (Maastrichts Universitair Medisch Centrum Plus).

Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience

Founded in 1995, the Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience (FPN) is specialised in two contemporary approaches in psychology: cognitive psychology and biological psychology. It is home to around 1,500 students and 250 staff. The faculty offers a Dutch and English bachelor's programme in psychology, two English-taught master's programmes and one research master's programme. The one-year master's programme in psychology offers specialisations in neuropsychology, developmental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, health and social psychology, psychology and law, work and organisational psychology. In conjunction with the faculty of health, Medicine and Life Sciences, the two-year research master Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience offers six different specialisations: cognitive neuroscience, fundamental neuroscience, neuropsychology, drug development and neurohealth, neuroeconomics and psychopathology. The selective two-year master programme Forensic Psychology in English, offers theoretical, research and skills courses, to educate students to become scientist-practitioners in the field of forensic psychology and psychiatry. The faculty's unique research infrastructure – including hypermodern high field MRI scanners – allows for groundbreaking research into the brain and behaviour.

School of Business and Economics
The School of Business and Economics (SBE) was founded in 1984. It is currently the biggest faculty within UM in terms of student numbers. Of the 4,200 students enrolled, more than 60% come from abroad. As a business school, SBE is accredited by EQUIS, AACSB and the Association of MBAs. According to the school's website, this Triple Crown accreditation has only been achieved by 1% of business schools worldwide.
SBE offers bachelor's programmes (B.Sc.) in International Business, Business Engineering, Economics and Business Economics, Fiscal Economics, and Econometrics and Operations Research, as well as a number of master's programmes, executive master's programmes and MBA's. SBE students are represented by SCOPE Maastricht, the School's general student association.

Faculty of Law

Maastricht University's Faculty of Law (FL) was founded in 1981. Times Higher Education (THE) ranks the university's Law programme at 40th in the world in 2020. It started with a programme in Dutch law, designed in line with UM's problem-based learning principles. Ninety students enrolled in the first year. In the 1990s, the faculty introduced a new programme entitled the European Law School (ELS), which focused on European, comparative and international law. The programme was taught partly in English. A fully English-language ELS programme was established in 2007. It was the first English-language bachelor's programme in law in the Netherlands. The faculty currently consists of about 2,500 students and 150 members of staff. It offers four bachelor's (LL.B.) programmes: Dutch law, tax law, the Dutch-language ELS and the English-language ELS. In addition, the faculty offers seven master's (LL.M.) programmes and three advanced master's programmes, most of which are taught in English.

In research, the faculty's Graduate School of Law has built a reputation in the areas of international, European and comparative law.
The faculty participates in two national research schools, the School of Human Rights and the Ius Commune Research School, and is home to several research institutes: the Institute for Transnational Legal Research (METRO), the Maastricht Centre for Human Rights, the Institute for Globalisation and International Regulation (IGIR), the Montesquieu Institute Maastricht, the Institute for Corporate Law, Governance and Innovation Policies (ICGI), and the Maastricht European Private Law Institute (M-EPLI).

The faculty was initially located at the Nieuwenhof béguinage, currently home to University College Maastricht. With the number of students growing quickly, the faculty moved to its current location in 1990. This building, the former seat of the provincial government of Limburg, consists of tutorial rooms, lecture halls as well as staff offices. The building underwent major renovation works around 2009, which included a new common room and lunch counter for students, a garden terrace, and an additional lecture hall in the former ballroom.

Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, also known as FASoS, was founded in 1994. Currently FASoS hosts approximately 2000 students and around 240 staff members. Over 70% of the students are non-Dutch. Research and education is internationally oriented and all of the programmes are offered in English. The faculty is located in the centre of Maastricht, in four buildings on the Grote Gracht.

The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences offers two three-year bachelors programmes: Cultuurwetenschappen/Arts and Culture; and European Studies, and eight one-year masters programmes: European Studies; Globalisation and Development Studies; European Public Affairs; European Studies on Society, Science and Technology; Arts and Heritage; Policy, Management and Culture; Media Culture; Art, Literature and Society; and Politics and Society. Furthermore, two two-year research masters are offered: Cultures of Arts, Science and Technology; and European Studies.

The Research Institute for Arts and Social Sciences encompasses all research of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. The Research Institute comprises four programmes: 1. Politics and Culture in Europe, 2. Science, Technology and Society, 3. Cultural Memory and Diversity and 4. Globalisation, Transnationalism and Development. The research area overlaps both the humanities and the social sciences. The faculty has a graduate school with an intake of about 10 PhD candidates each year.

Faculty of Science and Engineering
The Faculty of Science and Engineering (FSE), formerly the Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, consists of:
 University College Maastricht (UCM)
 University College Venlo (UCV)
 Department of Advanced Computing Sciences (DACS)
 Maastricht Science Programme (MSP)
 Foundation Programme (FP)
 TIER: Top Institute for Evidence Based Education Research

Tuition and financial assistance

Tuition fees at Maastricht University vary, depending on nationality and study programme. Regular tuition fees for public universities in the Netherlands are determined annually by law. Statutory tuition fees currently amount to €2,060 annually for both bachelor's and master's programmes. Under European regulations, regular tuition levels are also applicable to foreign students from the European Economic Area, which includes all European Union member states. All other students pay institutional tuition fees, ranging from €7,500 to €10,000 annually for bachelor's programmes and €13,000 or more annually for master's programmes. Since 2012, students at the University College pay a surcharge on top of the statutory or institutional tuition fees to fund additional facilities, a student grants programme and student organisations at the college. An earlier plan to introduce a separate institutional fee at the University College was shelved after criticism from staff and students.

Ph.D. candidates (promovendi) at Maastricht University do not pay tuition as they have the rank of junior members of the academic staff. Ph.D. candidates are employed by the university or faculty on full-time, four-year contracts with regular, entry-level wages and employee benefits. Ph.D. appointments usually involve teaching responsibilities and limited administrative duties.

The Limburg University Fund, a fundraising foundation associated with the UM, administers a scholarship fund for students from emerging markets.

Academic life

Staff
Maastricht University's academic staff consists of about 1,900 members with a male/female ratio of 54/46. The number of support staff members amounts to 1,600, of which about 62% is female. Nearly 20% of UM's staff members hold a foreign nationality. In 2014 about 17% of professors at Maastricht University were women, which is more or less the average in the Netherlands.

Teaching
Maastricht University awards degrees at all levels up to the title of doctor.

Teaching at Maastricht University is founded on the educational principles of problem-based learning (PBL). According to its website, UM is the only university which applies the problem-based learning approach in all its educational programmes. In 1974, Maastricht's newly established faculty of medicine was only the second in the world to adopt the problem-based learning method. As PBL was originally designed for medical education, other faculties have developed a PBL approach that corresponds with the needs of their academic disciplines.

At the heart of Maastricht's PBL philosophy is the idea that students are personally responsible for their own academic education. A typical UM course revolves around so-called 'tutorial groups'. A tutorial group usually consists of 14 to 16 students, meeting once or twice a week to discuss self-identified problems on the basis of cases or situations described in the course manual. Each tutorial meeting consists of two parts: a post-discussion, where problems which have been identified at the previous session are discussed on the basis of assigned literature and sometimes with additional library research, followed by a pre-discussion of topics to be discussed at the next meeting. The tutorial group is chaired by a student member, who is expected to structure the discussion and ensure that every member of the group is able to participate. The instructor, typically named 'tutor', plays only a limited role during tutorials. Tutors will monitor discussions, provide feedback, and, where needed, help students in identifying relevant problems. Courses usually take seven weeks of tutorials followed by a final exam, but may also include writing or speaking assignments.

Even though traditional lecture-based teaching is at odds with the primarily self-guiding PBL approach, it has become customary in many programmes at Maastricht to include at least some lectures in courses to supplement the tutorial-based structure. Also, electronic learning methods are increasingly being used. As PBL courses are intensive, students can take only two or three courses at a time depending on the number of credit hours per course. The university's Language Centre offers an introduction to Maastricht's PBL approach for international students.

Rankings and reputation

According to Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings 2016, Maastricht University occupied 88th (121st as of 2021) position in the world ranking.
QS World University Rankings 2017/18 ranked Maastricht University as the 200th best university in the world, while Academic Ranking of World Universities (or Shanghai Ranking) counted Maastricht among the world's top 300 universities, since 2011.

In the QS Top 50 Under 50, which ranks the top 50 universities under 50 years old around the world, UM reached the 19th place in 2021.

In a similar list published by THE (THE 100 Under 50 universities 2021), Maastricht University was placed at the 6th in the world.

In terms of specific areas of studies, THE ranks Maastricht University at 23rd in the field of "Law," 64th in "Clinical & health" and 72nd in "Business & Economics" in the world for 2022. The Financial Times places the school of business and Economics at the 60th place in 2016.

The School of Business and Economics has been awarded the 'Triple accreditation' by the prestigious AACSB, EQUIS and AMBA.

In addition to excellent medicine, business, and law programs, Maastricht University may perhaps be best known for the excellent reputation of its psychology department attracting students and researchers from across the world. Within the domain of biological psychology, Maastricht University is ranked 5th in the world. Among its excellent facilities, Maastricht University has one of only 5 fully operational Tesla 9.4 MRI scanners found worldwide allowing for ground breaking research in fields of psychology, psychiatry and neuroscience. Furthermore, Maastricht University is also ranked 5th in the world in fields of education and educational research.

Research

Research at Maastricht University concentrates on three major themes: Quality of Life, Learning and Innovation and Europe and a Globalising World. Examples of issues addressed through UM research are: healthy ageing, climate change, demographic changes, sustainability, the impact of technological developments, population ageing, healthy and affordable food, and the European integration process. A lot of this research is conducted in multidisciplinary teams and in institutes such as CARIM, the School for Cardiovascular Diseases.

A noted research platform is Scannexus (formerly known as: Brains Unlimited): a scanning lab at the Brightlands Maastricht Health Campus, offering three MRI scanners with ultrahigh magnetic fields, including one of only four 9.4 Tesla scanners worldwide. Professor Rainer Goebel, director of the affiliated Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (M-Bic), has been rewarded several large international research grants. The internationally renowned Tissue Regeneration group of Professor Clemens van Blitterswijk moved to Maastricht University in February 2014. His presence fits in the large investment programme Kennis-As Limburg, that aims to strengthen the provincial knowledge economy. So does the Institute of Nanoscopy, led by Professor Peter Peters.

In 2011 the number of dissertations at the University of Maastricht had reached 213; the number of scientific publications 3,567. Most PhD programmes take place in faculty research units (so-called graduate schools) or associated institutes.

Research and graduate schools

 Research and graduate schools affiliated to the faculty of health, Medicine and Life Sciences:
 Netherlands School of Primary Care (CaRe)
 School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), linked to CaRe and WTMC
 School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)
 School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW)
 School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)
 School of Health Professions Education (SHE), linked to ICO
 Research and graduate schools of the Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience:
 Graduate School Psychology and Neuroscience (GSPN), linked to EPOS, EPP, EURON, Psychology and Health, and M-Bic
 European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON)
 School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), linked to EURON

 Research and graduate schools of the school of business and Economics:
 Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE)
 International Centre for Integrated assessment and Sustainable development (ICIS)
 METEOR, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization, an umbrella for research schools affiliated with the UM School of Business and Economics:
 KAANS, monitoring school careers of youngsters in Limburg
 Limburg Institute of Financial Economics (LIFE)
 Maastricht Academic Centre for Research in Services (MAXX)
 Maastricht Accounting and Audit Research Centre (MARC)
 Network Social Innovation (NSI)
 Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA)
 Graduate schools of the Faculty of Law:
 Maastricht Graduate School of Law (MGSL)
 Ius Commune
 School of Human Rights Research
 Graduate schools of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences:
 Graduate school of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASOS), linked to WTMC, NIG, Huizinga Institute, OSL, Posthumus Institute, NICA, CERES, NOG, RMeS, and OPG
 Graduate schools of the Faculty of Humanities and Sciences:
 Maastricht University graduate School of susTainability science (MUST), linked to SENSE
 Maastricht Graduate School of Governance (MGSoG)

Independent research institutes
 Maastricht Centre for Human Rights
 Maastricht European Institute for Transnational Law Research (METRO), publishes the Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law
 Montesquieu Institute, Centre for European Parliamentary History and Constitutional Development (in The Hague and Maastricht)
 UNU-MERIT, Maastricht Economic and social Research and training centre on Innovation and Technology, part of United Nations University

Knowledge transfer, entrepreneurship
As elsewhere, ongoing research at Maastricht University is translated into practice, leading to new products to be launched on the market. UM cooperates with businesses and socially relevant organisations through various programmes and institutes, like the Maastricht Centre for Entrepreneurship, Service Science Factory, BioMedbooster, BioPartner Center Maastricht, Contract Research Centre and SME Portal Maastricht University. UM Holding is the corporate venture firm of UM spin-off companies and participations.

Brainport 2020 is the name of a programme that aims at campus development in four locations in the province of Limburg, in cooperation with the local government, business sector and knowledge institutions in the region:
 Brightlands Maastricht Health Campus in Maastricht-Randwyck, specialising in health and wellbeing
 Chemelot Campus in Sittard-Geleen, focusing on chemistry and materials
 Smart Services Hub in Heerlen, focusing on finance, administration and informational services
 Greenport Campus in Venlo, focusing on food and horticulture, with links to logistics and manufacturing

Student life

In 2013, nearly 16,000 students studied at Maastricht University, 47% of whom were foreign.  Students in Maastricht can affiliate with a number of student associations, international associations or debating societies. They present themselves during the annual INKOM, the general introduction week for new Maastricht students. Furthermore, Maastricht offers several cultural and sports activities in and around the city.

Student housing
Like most other Dutch universities, UM itself does not provide regular student housing. However, the university participates in a student housing foundation, offering mediation services to students. About 2,700 rooms and apartments offered through the Maastricht student housing foundation are provided by local housing associations Woonpunt, Servatius and Maasvallei. Some 8,000 other accommodations are provided by private landlords. Most units are located in houses or small apartment complexes across the historic city centre or in its immediate surrounding neighbourhoods. Many foreign exchange students live at the UM Guesthouse in Annadal, which provides short-term housing.

Student Service Centre
UM's Student Service Centre is located in the former Bonnefanten monastery and offers financial, legal and other forms of advise to students. Part of the Student Service Centre is the Studium Generale cultural programma, offering lectures on a broad range of topics and other cultural activities to members of the university community and the general public.

Observant and BreakingMaas
The university's independent newspaper, Observant, is published on a weekly basis and distributed throughout the university. It provides news, background articles, columns and educational information in Dutch and English, directed primarily at the university community.

Since 2012 a television programme named BreakingMaas provides news and entertainment for students in English. The programme is available on the local TV broadcaster RTV Maastricht as well as on YouTube and Facebook.

Notable professors

 Wiebe Bijker, professor of Technology and Society, member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and together with Trevor Pinch the founder of Social Construction of Technology (SCOT)
 Michel Dumontier, professor of Data Science
 Mark Post, professor of Vascular Physiology. In 2013 he was the first in the world to present a proof of concept for cultured meat.
 Jan Dietz, professor of Management Information Systems at the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, developer of the DEMO theory and methodology
 Hein Schreuder, professor of Business Economics, Strategy and Organization, later Executive Vice-President Corporate Strategy and Acquisitions at Royal DSM
 Luc Soete, professor of General Economics, director of UNU-MERIT (part of United Nations University), member of the group of key thinkers for the Lisbon Strategy
 Geert Hofstede, emeritus professor of Organizational Anthropology and International Management, founder of Institute for Research on Intercultural Cooperation (IRIC)
 Theo van Boven, professor Emeritus of International Law, former director of United Nations Commission on Human Rights and UN Special Rapporteur on torture
 Jan Smits, professor of European Private Law, director of the Maastricht European Private Law Institute, visiting professor of Comparative Legal Studies at the University of Helsinki, member of the KNAW
 Ferdinand Grapperhaus, professor of European Labour Law, member of the Social-Economic Council, minister of Justice and Security
 Peter Van den Bossche, professor of International Economic Law, head of Department of International & European Law; director, Institute for Globalisation & International Regulation (IGIR), former counselor to the WTO Appellate Body, acting director of WTO Appellate Body Secretariat.
 Maurits Allessie, professor of physiology, member of the KNAW
 Clemens van Blitterswijk, professor of regenerative medicine
 Cees van der Vleuten, professor of Medical Education, chairman of Department of Educational Development & Research of the faculty of health, Medicine and Life Sciences, scientific director School of Health Professions Education (SHE), honorary professor at the University of Copenhagen, King Saud University and Radboud University, recipient of the Hubbard Award 2005 for most outstanding researcher in medical education.
 Paul Brombacher, professor of Clinical Chemistry in the medical faculty until 1995

References

 Beijer, H., e.a., Monument. Maastricht, 2006
Facts & figures - Maastricht University (endowment changed)

External links

 Maastricht University Datasets

1976 establishments in the Netherlands
Buildings and structures in Maastricht
Education in Maastricht
Educational institutions established in 1976
South Limburg (Netherlands)
Universities in the Netherlands
Universities using Problem-based learning

Maastricht University


Aydınlanma Çağı olarak adlandırılan tarihsel dönem, aydınlanma felsefesinin 18. yüzyılda doğup benimsenmeye başladığı dönemdir. Batı toplumunda 17. ve 18. yüzyıllarda gelişen, akılcı düşünceyi eski, geleneksel, değişmez kabul edilen varsayımlardan, önyargılardan ve ideolojilerden özgürleştirmeyi ve yeni bilgiye yönelik kabulü geliştirmeyi amaçlayan düşünsel gelişimi kapsayan dönemi tanımlar. Aynı zamanda Arapça eserlerin (İbn Rüşd vb.) Latinceye çevirilmesi, Aydınlanma Çağı'na zemin hazırlamıştır.

Aydınlanmaya yol açan başlıca düşünsel gelişmeler Rönesans ve Reform hareketleridir. Aydınlanmanın ilk temsilcileri olarak genellikle René Descartes ve Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz kabul edilir. Almanya'da Johann Gottfried Herder, Immanuel Kant, Christian Wolff; Fransa'da Denis Diderot, Claude Adrien Helvétius, Baron d'Holbach, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire; Büyük Britanya'da David Hume, John Locke ve Thomas Paine Aydınlanma Çağı'nın en önemli temsilcileridir.

Genel çerçeve
Aydınlanma felsefesi ya da 18. yüzyıl felsefeleri genel olarak insanın kendi yaşamını düzenlemesini yeniden gündeme almış, hem düşüncenin hem toplumsal yaşamın köklü değişimlere uğrayacağı bir sürecin fikirsel/felsefi başlatıcısı olmuştur. Bu yüzyılın sonlarına doğru meydana gelen Fransız Devrimi (1789) ve ardından gerçekleşen modernleşme süreçleri, düşünsel anlamda etkilerini ve kaynaklarını aydınlanma felsefesinde bulmaktadır.

Din ya da Tanrı merkezli toplumsal yapının ve düzenlemelerin yerini bu süreçte akıl merkezli toplumsal düzenlemeler arayışı alır. Geniş ve genel anlamıyla aydınlanma, Orta Çağ'da hüküm süren dünya görüşüne karşı yeni bir dünya görüşünün ortaya çıkması ve temellendirilmesi olarak belirtilir. Bu yüzyıl yeni bir ideal ile tarih sahnesinde yer alır; bu ideale göre, aklın aydınlattığı kesin doğrulara ve bilginin ilerlemesine dayanan entelektüel bir kültür egemen olmalıdır ve bu kültür sonsuz bir şekilde ilerlemelidir. Böylece ilerleme ideali, insanın geleneğin köleliğinden kurtularak sürekli mutluluk ve özgürlük yolunda gelişeceği düşüncesine dayandırılır.

Aydınlanma felsefesinin kaynağı Rönesans felsefesi ve özellikle de 17. yüzyıl felsefesinin ortaya koyduğu ilkelerdir. Rönesans'tan itibaren düşüncenin tarihsel otoritelerden kurtulması, bilgi ve yaşam hakkında akla ve deneyime dayanmaya başlaması söz konusudur. 17. yüzyılda bu gelişmeler sistemleştirilip temel ilkelere dönüştürülmeye başlanmış, rasyonalizmin belirginleştiği bu yüzyılda aydınlanma felsefesinin düşünsel temelleri bir anlamda hazırlanmıştır. Sekülerleşme, aydınlanma felsefesinin ve genel anlamda aydınlanmacılığın her tür girişiminde temel olmuş olan bir yönelimdir.

18. yüzyıl felsefesinde bir yanda rasyonalizmin öte yandan emprizmin güçlenmesi ve bunlardan meydana gelen teorik sorunların yeni birtakım sentezlerle aşılmaya çalışılması söz konusu olacaktır. Aydınlanma Çağı, aklın ışığında felsefenin de yepyeni bir etkileyicilikle ortaya çıkışına, yaygınlaşmasına, yeni sentezlerle sistematikleştirilmesine etki etmiştir. Bu bakımdan bu yüzyıla "felsefe yüzyılı" denmesi de söz konusudur.

Aydınlanma
Aydınlanma Çağı, aklı kurucu ilke olarak benimseyerek, tüm toplumsal yaşamın ve düşünüşün buna göre şekillendirilmesine yönelinen dönemdir. Kant, aydınlanmacılığı, "aklı kullanma cesareti" olarak tanımladığında, genel olarak Aydınlanma Çağı'nın felsefesini vermektedir. 18. yüzyılda Avrupa'da ortaya çıkıp gelişmiş ve "aydınlanma" fikriyle yaygınlaşmıştır.

Kant, aydınlanma düşüncesinin kurucu ilkesi olan akıl konusunda şöyle der:

Aydınlanma Çağı'nın ana fikri, akıl aracılığıyla doğru bilgilere ulaşılabileceği ve bu doğru bilgi ile de toplumsal yaşamın düzenlenebileceğidir. Öte yandan bilim alanındaki önemli gelişmeler de Aydınlanma Çağı'na öncülük eder ve bu çağda ayrıca çok yoğun yeni bilimsel gelişmeler kaydedilir. Daha 15. yüzyıldan itibaren meydana gelmeye başlayan yeni keşifler ve icatlar bu süreci hazırlamış, bunun sonunda da "karanlık çağ" olarak değerlendirilen Orta Çağ'ın sonuna gelinmiştir. Deney ve gözlem, aklın uygulama araçları olarak bu dönemde bilimsel yöntemin ilkeleri biçiminde ortaya çıkmış ve doğa bilimlerinde önemli gelişmelere kaynaklık etmiştir.

Dinde meydana gelen yenileşme hareketleri de, dinsel düşüncenin giderek geriletilmesi ve Aydınlanmacılıkla birlikte kuruculuk ve egemenlik gücünü kaybetmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Rönesans ve reformlarla başlayan bu gelişmeler, aydınlanmacılıkla doruğuna varmış ve buradan itibaren Modernite denilen sürecin oluşumunu hazırlamıştır. Bu süreç aydınlanmacılıkta ifadesini bulan köklü bir zihin değişikliği anlamına gelmektedir.

Newton ve Kopernik ile tüm bir evren-dünya kavrayışı değişime uğramış, Descartes ve Kant gibi isimlerle bu değişen zihniyetin felsefi düşüncesi geliştirilmiştir. Avrupa'daki endüstri devrimleri de bu sürecin maddi temelini oluşturmaktadır. Yeni ve bambaşka toplumsal ve ekonomik ilişkiler içerisinde yaşamaya başlayan insanlar, ortaya çıkan yeni düşünce biçimleriyle dünyaya bambaşka gözlerle bakmaya başlamışlardır. Bunun sonucunda modern yaşamın temelleri atılmıştır. 1789 Fransız İhtilali'nin temelinde, Fransız aydınlanmacılığının belirleyici bir etkisi vardır.

Doğuşunda ve gelişmesinde belirleyici bazı isimler
 George Berkeley
 Claude Adrien Helvétius
 Baron d'Holbach
 Jean le Rond d'Alembert
 David Hume
 Adam Smith
 René Descartes
 Denis Diderot
 Étienne Bonno de Condillac
 Francis Bacon
 Galileo
 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
 Gottfried Leibniz
 Immanuel Kant
 Jean-Jacques Rousseau
 John Locke
 Julian Offray de La Mettrie
 Kopernik
 Laplace
 Lois Rene de Caradeux de la Chalotais
 Montesquieu
 Newton
 Spinoza
 Thomas Hobbes
 Voltaire

Ayrıca bakınız
Philosophe
Orta Çağ felsefesi
17. yüzyıl felsefesi
19. yüzyıl felsefesi
Rönesans felsefesi
Alman felsefesi
20. yüzyıl felsefesi
Postmodernizm

Kaynakça

 Felsefe Tarihi, Macit Gökberk, İstanbul, 1985.

18. yüzyıl felsefesi

Aydınlanma Çağı


Doğu Alman Ayaklanması, 16 Haziran 1953'te, Alman Demokratik Cumhuriyeti (Doğu Almanya) yönetimindeki Doğu Berlin'de inşaat işçilerinin bir bölümünün sürekli olarak artırılmakta olan iş yüküne karşı kendiliğinden gelişen bir gösteri düzenlemeleriyle patlak veren ayaklanma.

Dış bağlantılar
 World Socialist Website (Türkçe)
 Ayaklanma ile ilgili uluslararası veritabanı (Almanca)

Soğuk Savaş
Ayaklanma
Almanya'da antikomünizm
1953'te Almanya
Ayaklanma
1950'lerde ayaklanmalar

Doğu Alman Ayaklanması


Komşuluk veya komşuluk ilişkileri, birbirine bitişik veya yakın yerlerde yaşayan kişilerin arasındaki sosyal ilişkidir. Komşu olmanın doğurduğu birtakım hak ve görevlerin yanı sıra bunların sağlandığı bir ilişkiler düzeni bulunmaktadır.

Bu ilişki hem Türk töresinden hem de İslami referanslardaki komşu hakkına ilişkin düzenlemelerden kaynaklanmaktadır.

Semtler
Mahalleler
Kent toplum bilimi

Komşuluk