Enciclopedia Galactică (în ) este o enciclopedie fictivă sau ipotetică care conține toate cunoștințele acumulate de o civilizație care se întinde în întreaga galaxie. Numele evocă aspecte exhaustive ale unei enciclopedii reale, Encyclopædia Britannica.

Enciclopedia Galactică a lui Asimov
Enciclopedia Galactică a apărut pentru prima dată în povestirea lui Isaac Asimov Fundația (în Astounding Science Fiction, mai 1942), republicată mai târziu ca The Encyclopedists în colecția de proză scurtă Fundația (1951). Enciclopedia Galactică a lui Asimov a fost un compendiu al tuturor cunoștințelor disponibile atunci în Imperiul fictiv Galactic, menită să păstreze toate cunoștințele într-o regiune îndepărtată a galaxiei, în eventualitatea unei catastrofe galactice preconizate. Enciclopedia este descoperită mai târziu ca fiind un element al unui act de ghidare greșită, scopul său real fiind acela de a concentra resurse și un grup de oameni de știință pe o planetă îndepărtată, cu obiectivul pe termen lung de a revitaliza stagnarea tehnologică și științifică latentă a imperiului Galactic. Publicată inițial pe un suport fizic, ea devine ulterior computerizată și supusă unor schimbări continue.

Asimov a folosit Enciclopedia Galactica ca un dispozitiv literar în întreaga serie a Fundației sale, multe din secțiunile sau capitolele din carte începând cu un scurt citat din Enciclopedia Galactica, citat care descrie un personaj sau un eveniment cheie din poveste.

Theodore Wein consideră Enciclopedia Galactică ca fiind posibil inspirată de o referință din romanul lui H. G. Wells, The Shape of Things to Come (1933). Lumea viitoare, concepută de Wells, include o "organizație enciclopedică care se axează pe Barcelona, cu șaptesprezece milioane de lucrători activi" și care are sarcina de a crea "sistemul fundamental de cunoștințe care acumulează, sortează, păstrează în ordine și pune la dispoziție toate cunoștințele". Așa cum a subliniat Wein, această lucrare a lui Wells a fost cea mai cunoscută și mai influentă carte la sfârșitul anilor 1930 și coincide cu "perioada de incubație" când tânărul Asimov a devenit interesat de science fiction, când a citit o mulțime de lucrări din acest domeniu și a început să formuleze idei proprii.

Apariții ulterioare în ficțiune
Diverși autori au invocat Encyclopædia Galactica atât în știință, cât și în științifico-fantastic. Primul ar fi Frank Holby cu povestirea sa "The Strange Case of the Missing Hero" - "Cazul ciudat al eroului dispărut" din ediția din 1942 a revistei Astounding Science Fiction, în care a apărut Sebastian Lelong, redactorul Enciclopediei. A fost, de asemenea, un element comun în încarnările anterioare ale cărților de benzi desenate Legiunea Super-Eroilor  și a apărut în universurile extinse Star Wars  și în benzile desenate cu Superman stabilite în viitor.  Enciclopedia Galactică a fost menționată, de asemenea, ca fiind o colecție a tuturor cunoștințelor despre un imperiu galactic în povestirea science-fiction, intitulată " The Originist ", scrisă de romancierul american Orson Scott Card în 1989 și care aret loc în universul fictiv al "Fundației" lui Isaac Asimov.

În seria de benzi desenate Ghidul autostopistului galactic de Douglas Adams, Galactica este în mod frecvent în contrast cu ghidul aparent mai popular al lui Hitchhiker al galaxiei.

Robert A. Heinlein a menționat Enciclopedia în capitolul trei din To Sail Beyond the Sunset (1987): "... computerul care a condus Revoluția Lunară pe linia de timp trei, cod "Neil Armstrong ". Să ignorăm detaliile; totul este în Enciclopedia Galacta (sic) și în alte cărți."

În romanul Rama II (1989) de Arthur C. Clarke și Gentry Lee, Nicole des Jardins îi spune lui Richard Wakefield: "Doar gândiți-vă că suma a tot ce știu sau știau toate ființele umane nu poate fi mai mult decât o fracțiune infinitezimală din Encyclopedia Galactica."

Alte utilizări
În 1993, a fost lansată o serie de cinci documentare video, serie denumită Encyclopædia Galactica, cu episoadele  "Sistemul solar interior", "Sistemul solar exterior", "Star Trekking", "Discovery" și "Astronomia și stelele". Videoclipurile au fost produse de York Films of England și distribuite de Encyclopædia Britannica (Australia).  Alte entități asociate cu producția seriei video au fost Encyclopædia Britannica Educational Corporation, The Learning Channel, Discovery Channel Europe, S4C Wales, System TV France și Yleisradio Finlanda.

Encyclopedia Galactica: from the Fleet Library aboard the Battlestar Galactica a fost o lucrare publicată în 1978 ca literatură pentru copii, aceasta a fost conectată cu seria de televiziune Battlestar Galactica difuzată la vremea respectivă.

În realitate
Termenul a fost folosit și în contexte non-fictive. Un exemplu îl constituie utilizarea lui Carl Sagan (1934-1996) în cartea sa Cosmos din 1980 și seria sa video documentară cu același nume, referindu-se la un text în care civilizațiile extraterestre ipotetice puteau să-și păstreze toată informația și cunoștințele.

Wikipedia a fost descrisă ca o Enciclopedie Galactică de la începutul istoriei sale (2005). Aceste comparații au fost făcute atât cu versiunea lui Asimov, cât și cu versiunea lui Adams,  datorită gamei sale cuprinzătoare.

Referințe

Legături externe
Encyclopedia Galactica - A Guide to Asimov's Foundation Universe ()
Encyclopaedia Galactica - a guide to the Orion's Arm Universe

Teme science fiction
Mesaje interstelare
Enciclopedii fictive

Encyclopedia Galactica


Demirce, Tunceli ilinin Nazımiye ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün eski ismi Dizik'tir. Köyün ismi 1950'lerin sonlarına doğru değiştirilmiş ve 1960 yılı nüfus sayımından itibaren günümüzdeki adıyla kayıtlarda yer almaya başlamıştır.

Coğrafya
Köy; Tunceli il merkezine 54 km, Nazımiye ilçesine 18 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Nazımiye belde ve köyleri

Demirce, Nazımiye


Isin (, modern Arabic: Ishan al-Bahriyat) is an archaeological site in Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq. Excavations have shown that it was an important city-state in the past.

History of archaeological research

Ishan al-Bahriyat was visited by Stephen Herbert Langdon for a day to conduct a sounding, while he was excavating at Kish in 1924. Most of the major archaeological work at Isin was accomplished in 11 seasons between 1973 and 1989 by a team of German archaeologists led by Barthel Hrouda. However, as was the case at many sites in Iraq, research was interrupted by the Gulf War (1990-1) and the Iraq War (2003 to 2011). Since the end of excavations, extensive looting is reported to have occurred at the site. Even when the German team began their work, the site had already been heavily looted.

Isin and its environment
Isin is located approximately  south of Nippur. It is a tell, or settlement mound, about  across and with a maximum height of .

History

The site of Isin was occupied at least as early as the Early Dynastic period in the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, and possibly as far back as the Ubaid period. While cuneiform tablets from that time were found, the first epigraphic reference to Isin was not until the Ur III period.

When the deteriorating Third Dynasty of Ur (Ur III) finally collapsed at the hands of the Elamites at the end of the third millennium BC, a power vacuum was left that other city-states scrambled to fill. The last king of the Ur Dynasty, Ibbi-Sin, had not the resources nor the organized government needed to expel the Elamite invaders. One of his governmental officials, Ishbi-Erra, relocated from Ur to Isin, another city in the south of Mesopotamia, and established himself as a ruler there. One of Ishbi-Erra's year names reports his defeating Ibbi-Sin in battle.

Although he is not considered part of the Third Dynasty of Ur, Ishbi-Erra did make some attempts at continuing the trappings of that dynasty, most likely to justify his rule. Ishbi-Erra had ill luck expanding his kingdom, however, for other city-states in Mesopotamia rose to power as well. Eshnunna and Ashur were developing into powerful centers. However, he did succeed in repulsing the Elamites from the Ur region. This gave the Isin dynasty control over the culturally significant cities of Ur, Uruk, and the spiritual center of Nippur.

For over 100 years, Isin flourished. Remains of large buildings projects, such as temples, have been excavated. Many royal edicts and law-codes from that period have been discovered. The centralized political structure of Ur-III was largely continued, with Isin's rulers appointing governors and other local officials to carry out their will in the provinces. Lucrative trade routes to the Persian Gulf remained a crucial source of income for Isin.

The exact events surrounding Isin's disintegration as a kingdom are mostly unknown, but some evidence can be pieced together. Documents indicate that access to water sources presented a huge problem for Isin. Isin also endured an internal coup of a sort when Gungunum the royally appointed governor of Larsa and Lagash province, seized the city of Ur. Ur had been the main center of the Gulf trade; thus this move economically devastated Isin. Additionally, Gungunum's two successors Abisare and Sumuel ( and 1894 BC) both sought to cut Isin off from its canals by rerouting them into Larsa. At some point, Nippur was also lost. Isin would never recover. Around 1860 BC, an outsider named Enlil-bani seized the throne of Isin, ending the hereditary dynasty established by Ishbi-Erra over 150 years earlier.

Although politically and economically weak, Isin maintained its independence from Larsa for at least another forty years, ultimately succumbing to Larsa's ruler Rim-Sin I.

After the First Dynasty of Babylon rose to power in the early 2nd millennium and captured Larsa, much significant construction occurred at Isin. This ended with a destruction dated to around the 27th year of the reign of Samsu-iluna, son of Hammurabi, based on tablets found there.

Later, the Kassites who took over in Babylon after its sack in 1531 BC, resumed building at Isin. The final significant stage of activity occurred during the Second Dynasty of Isin at the end of the 2nd millennium, most notably by king Adad-apla-iddina.

Of the at least 256 ruler year names about 75% have been found. Most have the standard format, aside from Bur-Sin who numbered his years. These year names combined with new tablet joins show that there were two additional rulers, Sumu-abum and Ikūn-pī-Išta, slotting in between Erra-imittī and Enlil-bān. The reign of Sumu-abum lasted less than a year.

List of rulers of Isin

Isin-Larsa period (c. 2025 – c. 1763 BC)

First dynasty of Isin (c. 2018 – c. 1792 BC)

Dynasty of Larsa (c. 1792 – c. 1736 BC)

Old Babylonian period (c. 1763 – c. 1595 BC)

First dynasty of Babylon (c. 1736 – c. 1732 BC)

First dynasty of Sealand (c. 1732 – c. 1475 BC)

Middle Babylonian period (c. 1595 – c. 626 BC)

Second dynasty of Isin (c. 1153 – c. 1022 BC)

Culture and literature

The city lay on the Isinnitum Canal, part of a set of waterways that connected the cities of Mesopotamia. The patron deity of Isin was Nintinuga (Gula) goddess of healing, and a temple to her was built there. The Isin king Enlil-bani reported building a temple to Gula named E-ni-dub-bi, a temple for Sud named E-dim-gal-an-na, a temple E-ur-gi-ra to Ninisina, as well as a temple for the god Ninbgal.

Ishbi-Erra continued many of the cultic practices that had flourished in the preceding Ur III period. He continued acting out the sacred marriage ritual each year. During this ritual, the king played the part of the mortal Dumuzi, and he had sex with a priestess who represented the goddess of love and war, Inanna (also known as Ishtar). This was thought to strengthen the king's relationship to the gods, which would then bring stability and prosperity on the entire country.

The Isin kings continued also the practice of appointing their daughters official priestesses of the moon god of Ur.

The literature of the period also continued in the line of the Ur III traditions when the Isin dynasty was first begun. For example, the royal hymn, a genre started in the preceding millennium, was continued. Many royal hymns written for the Isin rulers mirrored the themes, structure, and language of the Ur ones. Sometimes the hymns were written in the first person of a king's voice; other times, they were pleas of ordinary citizens meant for the ears of a king (sometimes an already dead one).

It was during this period that the Sumerian King List attained its final form, though it used many much earlier sources. The very compilation of the List seems to lead up to the Isin Dynasty itself, which would give it much legitimacy in the minds of the people because the dynasty would then be linked to earlier (albeit sometimes legendary) kings.

See also

Cities of the Ancient Near East

References

Further reading
Vaughn Emerson Crawford, Sumerian economic texts from the first dynasty of Isin, Yale University Press, 1954
Frayne, D. R, (1998): New light on the reign of Išme-Dagan, ZA 88, 6-44
Goetze, A. (1965): Date formula of Iddin-Dagān of Isin, JCS 19, 56
Barthel Hrouda, Isan Bahriyat I. D. Ergebnisse d. Ausgrabungen 1973–1974 (Veroffentlichungen der Kommission zur Erschliessung von Keilschrifttexten), In Kommission bei der C.H. Beck, 1977,
Barthel Hrouda, Isin, Isan Bahriyat II: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1975–1978 (Veroffentlichungen der Kommission zur Erschliessung von Keilschrifttexten), In Kommission bei der C.H. Beck, 1981,
Barthel Hrouda, Isin, Isan Bahriyat III: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1983–1984 (Veroffentlichungen der Kommission zur Erschliessung von Keilschrifttexten), In Kommission bei C.H. Beck, 1987,
Barthel Hrouda, Isin, Isan Bahriyat IV: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen, 1986–1989 (Veroffentlichungen der Kommission zur Erschliessung von Keilschrifttexten), In Kommission bei C.H. Beck, 1992,
Kaniuth, Kai. "18. Isin in the Kassite Period". Volume 2 Karduniaš. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 492-507
M. van de Mieroop, Crafts in the Early Isin Period: A Study of the Isin Craft Archive from the Reigns of Isbi-Erra and Su-Illisu, Peeters Publishers, 1987,
Wilcke, C., Edzard, D. O., Walker, C., Odzuck, S., & Sommerfeld, W. (2018). Keilschrifttexte aus Isin-Išān Baḥrīyāt: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unter der Schirmherrschaft der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Bayerische Akademie d. Wissenschaften.

External links

Archaeological Site Photographs of Isin at Oriental Institute
Iraqi Looters Tearing Up Archaeological Sites Edmund L. Andrews. The New York Times, May 23, 2003.

States and territories established in the 20th century BC
States and territories disestablished in the 18th century BC
1924 archaeological discoveries
Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate
Archaeological sites in Iraq
Former populated places in Iraq
Sumerian cities
Isin-Larsa period
City-states
Former kingdoms

Isin


أماني الحكيم (20 نوفمبر 1973 -)، ممثلة ومؤدية أصوات سورية.

عن حياتها
ولدت في دمشق ودرست في جامعتها بكلية الآداب قسم اللغة الإنجليزية ثم إتجهت للعمل الفني، وقد انضمت إلى نقابة الفنانين عام 1998. تزوجت سابقا من رجل الأعمال علي العودي، مثلت أماني في عدة مسلسلات سورية أشهرها الفوارس والمحكوم وأدت أماني صوت شريفة في المسلسل التركي نور المدبلج للعربية..من أهم ما يميز أماني الحكيم براعتها في كافة الأدوار التي لعبتها من قبل، ولها حضور مميز عند الجمهور العربي، والدها الممثل والمخرج مظهر الحكيم وهي شقيقة الممثلة نسرين الحكيم.

نشأت أماني الحكيم وسط بيئة فنية فوالدها المخرج المعروف مظهر الحكيم، الأمر الذي جعلها تعشق الفن وعالمه من دون دراية، فتعرفت على مفرداته وتفاصيله وأهدافه.

أهم الأعمال التي شاركت بها

في الإذاعـــة
 خزائن العرب
 حكم العدالة
 وأعمال كثيرة

في التلفزيون
 مسلسل حريم الشاويش
 الشجر لا ينبت على الحجر
 الجوهرة
 سحر الشرق
 المحكوم
 الثعبان
 الطويبي
 أنشودة الأمل
 الربيع المسافر
 من غير ليه
 أهل وحبايب
  تل اللوز
 الفوارس
 الأرواح المهاجرة
 ابتسامة على شفاه جافه
 على حافة الهاوية
 رفيف وعكرمة
 الغاوي
 رصيف الذاكرة
 وجه العدالة
 أهل الغرام 2
 ازهار الشتاء
 المارقون
 وحوش وسبايا
 الخط الأحمر
 سيرة الحب
 حاجز الصمت
 قمر بني هاشم
 قاع المدينة
 الدوامة
 إسأل روحك
 وصمة عار
 حارة الياقوت
 المرحون

في الدوبلاج
 هزيم الرعد - سيموني
 سلام دانك ج1 - ميسون
 أمل البطل - أمل
 دروبي مع دوريمي - سعاد
 السيف القاطع - إيمان
 الفيكسيز - ماسيا
 بابار ومغامرات بادو ج3 - (نسخة مركز الزهرة)

الدراما
 شريفة في مسلسل نور
 فكرت في مسلسل نبض الحياة
 نازان في مسلسل عشق وجزاء
 فاتن في مسلسل ندى العمر
 ملك في مسلسل زهرة القصر
 ديالا في مسلسل عشق و دموع
 شمس في مسلسل بنات شمس
 قسم في مسلسل السلطانة قسم
نسرين في مسلسل وادي الذئاب

الحالة الصحية
في صيف عام ٢٠٢٠ تعرضت أماني الحكيم لأزمة صحية شديدة، فقد أصيب بأزمة قلبية مفاجئة نقلت على إثرها لإحدى مستشفيات العاصمة السورية دمشق
وقد صرح والدها المخرج مظهر الحكيم لأحد المواقع لن ابنته أماني قد تعرضت لأزمة قلبية حادة، استدعت إجراء عملية جراحية في مستشفى دار الشفاء، ولكنها عادت إلى منزلها بعد تماثلها للشفاء،

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أماني الحكيم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من دمشق
مسلمون سنة سوريون
ممثلات أداء صوتي سوريات
ممثلات أفلام سوريات
ممثلات تلفزيون سوريات
ممثلات سوريات في القرن 20
ممثلات سوريات في القرن 21
ممثلات مسرح سوريات
ممثلات من دمشق
ممثلو مركز الزهرة
مواليد 1393 هـ
مواليد 1973
مواليد في دمشق

أماني الحكيم


Big two (also known as deuces, capsa, pusoy dos, dai di and various other names) is a card game of Cantonese origin. It is similar to the games of Zheng Shangyou, daifugō, president, crazy eights, cheat, and other shedding games. The game is very popular in East Asia and in Southeast Asia (due to overseas Chinese influence), especially throughout mainland China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Macau, Taiwan, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore. It is played both casually and as a gambling game. It is usually played with two to four players, the entire deck being dealt out in either case (or sometimes with only 13 cards per player, if there are fewer than four players). The objective of the game is to be the first to play off all of one's cards.

Names
This card game has many other names, including big deuce and top dog. In Mandarin Chinese it is , pinyin: dà lǎo èr; in Cantonese, , sho tai ti (among other transliterations, including chor dai di, and rendered in jyutping tonal notation as co4 daai6 di2), or simply dai di. It is cap sa in Hokkien, , meaning "thirteen" (coming from the number of cards dealt to each player), a name is commonly used in Indonesia. In Malta, it is often referred to as  ('Chinese') or  ('Japanese'), due to its East Asian origin. In English, it is sometimes ambiguously called Chinese poker because of its use of poker hands, but this name more often applies to another game of an entirely different nature.

A variant is called  in Filipino, or in other Philippine dialects chikicha (also sikitcha).

A commercial version of the game was published as Gang of Four by Days of Wonder in 1990.

Big two is sometimes confused with tien len (a.k.a. thirteen); the two games differ primarily in that big two involves poker hands, while tien len does not.

Rules

Valid combinations

Cards may be played as singles or in groups of two, three or five (var. 1 and 8), in combinations which resemble poker hands. The leading card to a trick sets down the number of cards to be played; all the cards of a trick must contain the same number of cards. The highest ranking card is 2 instead of A. The combinations and their rankings are as follows, mostly based on poker hands:

 Single cards: Any card from the deck, ordered by rank with suit being the tie-breaker. (For instance, A beats A, which beats K.)
 Pairs: Any two cards of matching rank, ordered as with singular cards by the card of the higher suit. (A pair consisting of the K and K beats a pair consisting of K and K.)
 Triples: Three equal ranked cards, three twos are highest, then aces, kings, etc. down to three threes, which is the lowest triple. In some variations, a triple can only be played as part of a five-card hand.
 Five-card hands: There are five (var. 2) different valid five-card hands, ranking from low to high as follows (the same ranking as in poker, where applicable):
 Straight (also known as a snake in Cantonese or mokke in Malaysia): Any 5 cards in a sequence (but not all of the same suit). Rank is determined by the value of the biggest card, with the suit used only as a tie-breaker. Therefore 3-4-5-6-7 < 2-3-4-5-6, since 2 is considered the largest card in the 2-3-4-5-6 straight. The largest straight is A-2-3-4-5, second 2-3-4-5-6, third 10-J-Q-K-A while the smallest straight is 3-4-5-6-7.
 Flush (also known as a flower or sama bunga in Malaysia): Any 5 cards of the same suit (but not in a sequence). Rank is determined by Face value of the cards (highest first, then each lower card in order). Suit (,,,), is used to break ties. In some popular variations, flushes are not permitted as a playable hand, and thus it is the lowest possible combination.
 Full house (also known as a gourd in Chinese): a composite of a three-of-a-kind combination and a pair. Rank is determined by the value of the triple, regardless of the value of the pair. Also known as a Fullen.
 Four-of-a-kind + One card (nicknamed King Kong, tiki, or Bomb or ampat batang in Malaysia, or Iron bullet (tieji) in Chinese): Any set of 4 cards of the same rank, plus any 5th card. (A four-of-a-kind cannot be played unless it is played as a five-card hand) Rank is determined by the value of the 4 card set, regardless of the value of the 5th card. It is also known as a poker. (Some play the Four-of-a-kind hand as the beat all, therefore nicknamed the bomb, King Kong, or also tiki.) In some variations, when a bomb was dealt, it immediately makes the 2s to be the lowest cards in the game (with 2 of diamonds becoming the lowest)
 Straight flush: A composite of the straight and the flush: five cards in sequence in the same suit. Ranked the same as straights, suit being a tie-breaker. (Sometimes also called a "bomb" (or tiki or sunn) in Malaysia, greater than a four-of-a-kind)

The dealer (who may be chosen by cutting the cards, as usual) shuffles the deck to begin with and begins dealing out the cards singly, starting with the person of his right, in a counter-clockwise manner around the table. The cards are dealt out among the players as far as they can go while retaining an equal number of cards for each player. Leftover cards (not possible if there are 4 players) are then given to the player holding the 3. If this card is in the kitty, then the holder of the next lowest card adds them to his pile (var. 5). The Joker cards are not used under normal rules and are taken out before dealing.

At the beginning of each game, the player with the 3 (var. 6 and 9) starts by either playing it singly or as part of a combination, leading to the first trick. Play proceeds counter-clockwise, with normal climbing-game rules applying: each player must play a higher card or combination than the one before, with the same number of cards. Players may also pass, thus declaring that they do not want to play (or do not hold the necessary cards to make a play possible). A pass does not hinder any further play in the game, each being independent, referred to as jumping-back. (var. 14).

When all but one of the players have passed in succession the trick is over (some variations have when 1 player has passed the trick is over), and the cards are gathered up and a new trick is started with all players, initiated by the last player to play. When a player plays the 2 either as a single or as part of a pair of 2s, it is often customary for that player to start the next trick immediately by leading a new card or combination, since the 2 cannot be beaten whether as a single or as part of a pair of 2s, and the passes are mere formalities.

It is often courteous for a player to warn others when they are one playing combination away from winning. The goal is, then, for the other players to play (and get rid of) as many cards as possible while avoiding the combination that would allow the calling player to win the game. For example, if said player has one last single card, the other players would play doubles or other combinations to force that player to pass.

The game ends when one player runs out of cards. Refer to scoring section.

In most popular variations, ending with a single or double two is not allowed.

Reshuffling

If a player receives a hand with only 3 points or less, they may declare their cards, and the cards shall be reshuffled and dealt again. Common point counting rules are as follows: J=1, Q=2, K=3, A=4, 2=5, others=0. These point-counting rules may vary from game to game, or may be voided. A variation states that a player holding a hand with no cards with faces on them (namely Jacks "J", Queens "Q", and Kings "K") may request a reshuffle and the cards shall be dealt again. In addition, if a player has four twos, it may be mandatory to have a reshuffle.

Scoring

Scoring varies from region to region. The most common version is that after a game, each player with cards remaining valued at one point each, and doubles if they have 10 or more cards, or triple is all 13 cards are intact and not played at all. The points is then paid to the winner. (Example: North player wins, and East, West, and South respectively still had 3, 11, and 8 cards left, then East would score -3, West would score -22, South would score -8, and North would score +33.)

Any unused 2's, or a Four-of-a-kinds or Straight Flushes also doubles the points paid to the winner. If the winner ends the game by discarding a 2, a four-of-a-kind, or a Straight flush, the base points will also be doubled, but does not stack regardless of an ending hand. (Example: North players wins with a 2 as a last discard, and East, West, and South respectively still had 3, 9, and 8 cards left with the West had an unused Straight Flush and South left with an unused 2, then East would score -6, West would score -36, South would score -32, and North would score +74.)

Likewise for a three-player game, a player with 17 cards remaining is deducted triple points. A player with more than 11 cards and less than 17 cards remaining is deducted double points. An alternative scoring method to deduct one point per remaining card, is to double the count for each unused 2's.

Penalty for assistance

If Player B won a game by playing their last card (the case of more than one card played is excluded) after Player A has played theirs and Player A could have prevented this from happening by playing a higher card, Player A deemed to have assisted Player B.

There are several ways to penalize Player A. The most common way is for Player A to be deducted the total points that the other two losers have lost on top of their own so that the other two may win some points.

This rule can vary between styles of play. If the scoring system is based on ranks (e.g. who finishes first, second, third or last), the rule would not apply.

Variations

 Smack-Down: Can be played to defeat the "big 2" only when the 2 is played as a single. A smack-down is either four-of-a-kind or a run of pairs (Example: 4-4-5-5-6-6), and is often executed with a violent smack of the playing surface. The run of pairs may be any length of at least 3. After a smack-down has been played, any player is allowed to "smack-back" with a higher four-of-a-kind or run of pairs of equal length as the smack-down. The "Smack-Down" and the "Smack-Back" originated on the first floor of the Meyerhoff Chemistry Building at UMBC and is often culminated with a violent smack of the playing surface.
 If a player leads off with three 3s, the following player is required to play three 2s if no other play is possible.
 Some allow four-of-a-kind without extra card; 2s rank high, as usual.
 Some variations allowing four-of-a-kind without extra card do not allow for two pairs.
 Some allow four-card combinations (two pairs or four cards alone, without an odd card). Four-of-a-kind beats two pairs.
 Some allow a sixth five-card combination called "two pair junk" or "butterfly", consisting of two pairs (of different ranks) and one odd card (the junk); rank is determined by the highest pair. This combination ranks below the straight.
 Some allow the three-of-a-kind poker hand, consisting of a triple and two junk cards. This combination ranks below the straight.
 Or it can be more specific, known as "sisters", where two consecutive pairs are played, with any random card. This combo is lower than a straight, making it the weakest five-card combo in the game, if it is played. An example of sisters is double jack, double queen and a single nine. This would be beaten by a double king, double ace and a three (only the "sisters" count, not the random card.)
 3-K-K-A-A > 9-J-J-Q-Q (tie-breaker rules vary)
 Some variations allow for straights longer than five cards, or even as short as three cards.
 There are many variations on ranking straights, suit of last card is tie-breaker unless otherwise stated.
 3-4-5-6-7 < ... < 10-J-Q-K-A < A-2-3-4-5 < 2-3-4-5-6 (suit of 2 is tiebreaker; Malaysian variant)
 3-4-5-6-7 < ... < 10-J-Q-K-A < J-Q-K-A-2 (Indonesian variant)
 3-4-5-6-7 < ... < 10-J-Q-K-A < 2-3-4-5-6 (Suit of 2 is tiebreaker) < A-2-3-4-5 (suit of 2 is tiebreaker; Singapore/Hong Kong variant)
 2-3-4-5-6 < 3-4-5-6-7 < ... < 9-10-J-Q-K < 10-J-Q-K-A < A-2-3-4-5 (suit of A is tiebreaker)
 2-3-4-5-6 < 3-4-5-6-7 < ... < 9-10-J-Q-K < A-2-3-4-5 (suit of A is tiebreaker) < 10-J-Q-K-A
 3-4-5-6-7 < ... < 10-J-Q-K-A (Vietnamese variant)
 A-2-3-4-5 < 3-4-5-6-7 < ... < 9-10-J-Q-K < 10-J-Q-k-A < 2-3-4-5-6 (suit of 2 is tiebreaker; Taiwan variant)
 Some rank flushes by highest suit, K-Q-J-10-8 in spades defeating A-K-Q-J-9 of diamonds.
 Some discard the extra cards. Some play that the lowest cards are consciously removed to avoid having the 2, the highest card, in the kitty. Yet others give the kitty to the holder of the lowest diamond (not necessarily the lowest card).
 Whereas sometimes in a three-player game, the extra card is not revealed (or is revealed), and the holder of 3 is given a chance to make a decision to or not to trade his/her 3 for the extra card. If he/she does, the starting player will be 3 holder, or the previous winner depending on the rules.
 Some switch  and , to conform to contract bridge tradition, and play begins with the 3. Another variation rearranges the suit ranks from (lowest to highest) , , , . Another variation of suit ranks is (lowest to highest) , , , . Taiwan rule of suit ranks is (lowest to highest) , , , .
 In some variations, suit rankings are not used, for example, a 3-single cannot be used to beat any other 3-single, and an 8-high straight cannot be used to beat any other 8-high straight.
 A variant to discourage passing disallows a player from playing any further cards to a trick after he or she passes.
 A rare variation involves a three-player game, where each is dealt 17 cards. A "Dragon" consists of 13 cards in straight (A-K-Q-J-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2), is considered a valid combination and may be played once the player has gained control of the game. Suit of 2 is tie-breaker.
 In Malta, a  or "dragon" is not a thirteen-card straight, but it is the initial thirteen cards that the player is dealt, consisting of six pairs and any other single card. A player who is dealt a dragon immediately wins the game. However, if the dragon contains a pair of 3s it is called a  and the player immediately loses.
 In tournaments, starting the game with 3 is only true for the first round. In subsequent rounds, the winner of the previous round plays first.
 If only two players are available, deal thirteen cards each and play as normal. When one player passes she or he is forced to pick up one card from the remaining deck and add it to his hand. This variation is taken from the card game Go Fish.
 If three people are playing, deal four thirteen-card hands as if a fourth players were present. The hand to receive the last card that would normally become the dealer's now becomes the "ghost hand". No one plays the ghost hand and its cards are not shown, play continues as normal.
 If three people are playing, deal three seventeen-card hands, leaving one left over. The one card is placed in the middle, and whichever player possesses the two of spades or three of diamonds receives that card.
 In some places, owning 4 Twos is also a condition for Immediate Win. Some play Immediate Win rule in three-player game too. There are more cards involved, the chance of occurring and points transfer is therefore very high. On the contrary, some variations said that it is an automatic draw when a player has all four 2s, as having these cards gives the player such a great amount of power.  The chance of getting four 2s is  games.
 In some rules, four-of-a-kind + one card, and straight flush, can also be played on a pair or a single card, regardless of value.
 Some players rank all poker hands with traditional poker rules, except for the full house 2, which is higher than full house ace, and a hand must be won exactly, not just by a tiebreaker of suit.
 In some rules, a single 2 is not allowed to be played as the last card. Others do not allow any combination that includes the 2 of spades to be played as the last hand.
 A four-of-a-kind can be used to beat all card combinations that lack a four-of-a-kind.
 Some require the person to call "last card" when he/she only has one card left right after the last play. If the person holding the last card won, but forgot to call "last card" beforehand, he/she will take the penalty of all the other player's remaining cards, while other players will score 0.
 In some variations, a straight is considered higher than a flush. This can be determined beforehand.
 In Hawaii, a game variant called penning is played. The main difference is that the ranking of cards is diamonds high, followed by hearts, then spades, and clubs as lowest. When playing with three or four people, the 2nd and 3rd place titles are done by person with the lowest card going first.
 Joker rules: Jokers are added to the deck, and they can be played as any card with any suit. Also, the jokers are deemed higher than the Two of Spades, but the black joker is considered higher than the red joker. Another variation sets the joker as valueless: it can be played to beat any card, but any card can be played to beat the joker(s). These variations allow for more in-depth and strategic game play.
 No poker rules (a.k.a. no soccer ball rules): The players are not allowed to play a different type of 5 card hand over the current. For example, a full house can not be played over a straight.
 In some variations, any five-card combination can be played on top of any other five-card combination with a lower card value, e.g. 4-5-6-7-8 can be played on top of 7-7-7-6-6 even though full house is higher than straight in traditional big two.
 Some variants do not score; rather, play continues till all but one person have rid all cards, and at the end, players are ranked according to the order they got rid of their cards, e.g. 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.
 The direction of play (clockwise or anti-clockwise) can be determined by a race between the two players on either side of the leader (previous round winner, or holder of 3).
 Playing with two decks: this enables up to eight players per game (and is required for five-of-a-kind hands to be possible). In this case, five-of-a-kind defeats four-of-a-kind, but may or may not defeat a straight flush. Players may or may not be allowed to play a hand equivalent to the previous hand, such as 3 followed by the other 3.
 Some variations do not allow any of the 2s to be played as the last single card of a player's hand.

Big two president variation

The usual rules of big two apply, with the following features borrowed from the game of president:

 The first player to clear all his cards becomes the President for the next round. The players next to the new President can follow the President's last play if possible (singleton, pair, three-of-a-kind, 5 cards). If no one can follow the President's last play or choose not to do so even when able (the player immediately next to the President has a strong incentive not to follow), the player next to the President gains control and may start a new sequence of his own. Eventually, this will produce the Vice-President, followed by the Vice-Scum. The last player remaining becomes the Scum for the next round.
 The first game proceeds without anyone being President, Vice-President, Vice-Scum and The Scum.
 Subsequent games involve the following:
 President passes their lowest 2 cards to the Scum. The scum passes their highest 2 cards to president. (A variant to this allows the President to pass any 2 cards, and after receiving cards. This can make a difference as their 2 lowest cards may form a five-card hand.)
 Vice-president passes their lowest 1 card to vice-scum. Vice-scum passes their highest 1 card to vice-president.

Team play
It is possible to play in teams of two with four total players. Teammates are positioned on the opposite side of each other, making them face each other. Teammates are not allowed to communicate with each other by any means regarding their cards, preferred combinations or the quality of their hands.

The winning team is determined by the total number of cards held by each team when one of the players runs out of cards. This means that even if a player on a team manages to play their last card, the opposing team can still win by card count. (Ex: Mike and Dave are on one team against Lionel and Brendan. Mike has 4 cards, Dave has 5, and Lionel has 10 by the time Brendan plays his last card. Mike and Dave win the game by having a total of 9 cards in their hands against Lionel's 10.) Any player can ask what the card count is for each team at any point.

If the card count is tied at the end of a game, all players proceed to a five-card shootout. Each player receives five cards and the game is played as normal. The lowest card holder starts and play proceeds with the same team grouping. Further ties lead to further five card hands; this determines the final winner of the original game.

Cheating

Players in collusion with one another have massive advantages over any non-colluding player(s). The basic strategy of colluding players is to preserve the high "control" cards against the non-colluder(s), and not to waste these cards amongst themselves. This strategy is called "holding" or "warrening". Other collusive techniques include signaling (through the played cards, e.g. odd/even as in bridge, or non-verbal cues) where the strength of the hand, number of controls, hand type, exact high cards, and other features of the hands are transmitted to the partner.

Other cheating methods includes false shuffles, kiddening, peeking and cold decking. Cheating, especially collusive techniques, is rampant in online and higher stakes games.

Another method of cheating is practiced in in-person games, and involves concealing the number of cards a player has by stacking their hand tightly together, so that other players will mistake the cheating player for having fewer cards than he or she actually does. This may lead other players to exhaust their higher cards earlier on the assumption that their opponent has almost won.

See also
Chinese poker
Dou di zhu (similar rules, played with three players)
Gnau
Zi pai
 Four color cards
 Daguai luzi also known as wild escape or the joker's way

References

Chinese card games
Four-player card games
Shedding-type card games
Climbing games

Big two


Velvet Assassin este un joc video de stealth, dezvoltat de Replay Studios și ML Enterprises pentru platformele Microsoft Windows și Xbox 360. A fost lansat în America de Nord pe 28 aprilie 2009, în Europa pe 8 mai 2009, în Australia pe 21 mai 2009, iar în Japonia pe 17 septembrie 2009. A fost lansat și pentru Mac OS X în 2013.

Jucătorii își asumă rolul lui Violette Summer, o spioană britanică, în timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial, care operează în spatele liniilor inamice, în încercarea de a zădărnici planurile naziștilor. Povestea jocului a fost inspirată dintr-un caz real, cel al sabotoarei Violette Szabo.

Gameplay
La începutul jocului, Violette este observată de deasupra, ea fiind într-un pat de spital. Se văd seringi cu morfină împrăștiate, iar influxul creat de drogurile din organismul ei îi creează o serie de vise care îi permit să-și revadă misiunile din trecut. Jucătorii voi trebui să se ascundă în umbre pentru a nu fi văzuți. Fiind un joc de stealth, lumina joacă un rol important. HUD-ul le furnizează jucătorilor o siluetă a lui Violette, aceasta putând fi în trei stări. Culoarea violet înseamnă că ea este ascunsă în umbre și nu poate fi văzută de inamici, albul înseamnă că este expusă la lumină, dar încă nedetectată, iar roșul înseamnă că a fost văzută și inamicii o caută. Dacă Violette este văzută, ea va trebui ori să se lupte, ori să scape.

Jocul conține și un mod special numit "Morphine Mode." Când este activat, Violette este arătată în rochia de spital, iar picături de sânge apar pe ecran. Pentru un timp limitat, Violette va putea să execute orice inamic alertat sau să scape. Jocul conține și o funcție numită "Blend Stealth." Dacă Violette face rost de o uniformă SS, ea își poate schimba ținuta în anumite momente ale jocului. Atunci când Violette poartă uniforma SS, inamicii nu o vor identifica ca și amenințare decât dacă ea se apropie prea mult de ei sau face acțiuni suspicioase, precum țintirea cu arma.

Abilitatea de agent a lui Violette poate fi îmbunătățită prin găsirea de iteme împrăștiate prin lumea jocului. La fiecare 1.000 de XP (puncte de experiență), abilitățile pot fi îmbunătățite în trei moduri: Stealth, Morphine sau Strength. Jucătorul își poate îmbunătăți abilitățile bazându-se pe propriul stil de gameplay.

Povestea

Născută în Dorset, Violette Summer (dublată de Melinda Y. Cohen) a crescut într-o familie fericită și a avut o copilărie activă. Înainte de începerea războiului, ea a lucrat într-un salon de frumusețe. După aceea, s-a mutat la Londra și s-a alăturat industriei de arme. Nu a durat mult până când a fost observată de serviciile secrete, ea fiind frumoasă, atletică și migăloasă. A fost recrutată de Secret Intelligence Service în zilele negre ale Marii Britanii. Violette a pierdut o mătușă în timpul unui atac purtat de Luftwaffe, precum și un soț, pilot al RAF, în luptă. Cu toate acestea, Violette a rămas puternică și a folosit aceste experiențe dureroase pentru a reuși ca și spion pentru Secret Intelligence Service.

Violette a îndeplinit cu succes câteva misiuni, dar a fost rănită grav de un lunetist în timp ce încerca să-l omoare pe Alfred Kamm, un ofițer nazist. Aflându-se în comă într-un spital din Franța, Violette își amintește de misiunile importante ale carierei sale. Aceste misiuni au inclus explozia unui depozit cu benzină de pe linia Maginot, asasinarea unui colonel într-o catedrală din Paris, furtul unor documente importante, Operațiunea Gomora din Hamburg și găsirea a trei agenți secreți în Varșovia. Umblând prin sistemul subteran al orașului, ea găsește un agent rănit serios, dar care nu vrea să înghită pastila de cianură (ea îl reduce la tăcere) și unul mort din cauza otrăvirii cu cianură. Una dintre misiuni îi cerea lui Violette să opereze prin Ghetoul Varșoviei, acolo unde evreii erau puși laolaltă și executați. Ea se infiltrează în închisoarea Pawiak, controlată de Gestapo, pentru a-i da pastila de cianură celui de-al treilea agent.

Prin intermediul amintirilor ei, există și scene din spital cu doi oameni care se ceartă dacă să o mențină sau nu în viață pe Violette, să o predea SS-ului sau să o omoare pentru a scăpa de tortura în cazul capturării de naziști. Aflând de locația ei, trupele inamice intră în spital, dar Violette reușește să scape. Ajungând în sat, Violette vede cum civili sunt puși laolaltă și trimiși într-o biserică de Brigada Dirlewanger, o unitate SS brutală, formată din condamnați. Închizându-i pe civili înăuntru, soldații dau foc bisericii. Violette nu reușește să-i elibereze pe săteni și, din cauza oboselii fizice și psihice, se prăbușește. Într-o ultimă scenă, este arătat Kamm, a cărui față a fost arsă de încercarea de asasinare a lui Violette.

Promovare
SouthPeak Games a făcut echipă cu Peter Chung pentru a realiza niște benzi desenate în ediție limitată bazate pe joc. Chung este cunoscut pentru crearea personajului Æon Flux, precum și pentru munca sa la antologia The Animatrix.  Benzile desenate au fost distribuite exclusiv jucătorilor care au precomandat jocul de la GameStop.

Violette's Dream a fost o experiență interactivă produsă pentru a promova Velvet Assassin. Creată de Yomi Ayeni și produsă de Expanding Universe, o companie din Regatul Unit, jocul ARG a mobilizat mii de participanți într-o aventură în viața reală în timp ce căutau comori ascunse și lingouri de aur. Folosind site-uri web, forumuri, bloguri, videoclipuri, audio, apeluri și mesaje de mobil, precum și evenimente din viața reală, povestea interactivă și captivantă le-a făcut cunoștință jucătorilor cu o varietate de personaje și organizații. Un lingou de aur a fost găsit într-un vestiar din Fredericksburg, Texas, iar un altul la stația de metrou Victoria din Londra.

Recepție

Velvet Assassin a primit recenzii mixte din partea criticilor. Site-urile web GameRankings și Metacritic i-au acordat versiunii pentru PC un rating de 60.81% și, respectiv, 61/100, iar versiunii pentru Xbox 360 un rating de 58.04% și, respectiv, 56/100.

IGN i-a acordat jocului o notă de 5/10, spunând că mecanicile de stealth au fost inconsistente, iar povestea slabă. Recenzia făcută de GameSpot a criticat AI-ul slab și gameplay-ul "leneș", dar numind jocul "o relatare puternică și sumbră a uneia dintre cele mai întunecate perioade a istoriei", acordându-i o notă de 7.5/10. GameZone a apreciat stilul și povestea jocului, dar a criticat inamicii previzibili, acordându-i jocului o notă de 7.7/10.

Referințe

Legături externe
Site web oficial

Jocuri video de stealth
Jocuri video din 2009
Jocuri pentru Windows
Jocuri pentru Xbox 360
Jocuri pentru Mac OS X

Velvet Assassin


St Helen's (previously known as the Aviva Tower or the Commercial Union building) is a commercial skyscraper in London, United Kingdom. It is  tall and has 23 floors. The postal address is No. 1, Undershaft, though the main entrance fronts onto Leadenhall Street, in the City of London financial district.

The building was designed by the Gollins Melvin Ward Partnership in the international style: the stark rectilinear geometry and detailing of the building was influenced by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and is somewhat reminiscent of his Seagram Building in New York City. It was built by Taylor Woodrow Construction as one of only four high-rise buildings in London using a top-down engineering design where the lower office floors are suspended from above rather than supported from below.

In 1992, the building was heavily damaged in the Baltic Exchange bombing carried out by the Provisional IRA, as a result of which it was substantially renovated.

The building was sold in 2003 by the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority to property developer Simon Halabi. In 2007, it was reported that Halabi was considering plans to demolish the building and replace it with a much taller tower, but this plan was not fulfilled. In 2011, it was reported that the building had been sold to an undisclosed Far Eastern private investor for £288 million. Plans for the site submitted in February 2016 feature a 310 m-tall 72-floor tower largely given to office space. In November 2016, planning permission was granted for the Trellis Tower, which will house up to 10,000 workers and which, upon completion, will be the tallest building in the City of London and the second tallest building in the UK, after The Shard.

History

Design and development
In 1961, the Commercial Union Assurance Company had acquired a site in St Mary Axe, in the City of London, which it desired to develop as its new headquarters. The site comprised adjacent properties in St Mary Axe and the former Shell building in Great St Helens. At the same time the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company was planning to redevelop its city offices in Leadenhall Street.

Due to a number of issues affecting both sites, notably poor access to the Commercial Union site and the restricted width of the Peninsular and Oriental site, it was not possible to obtain planning consents that would optimise the amount of floor space desired by either company. As a result, the two companies decided to participate in a joint development that would involve the reallocation of site boundaries and the creation of an open concourse area at the junction of Leadenhall Street and St Mary Axe. Both companies were to have frontages on the new concourse and would retain site areas equivalent to those enclosed by the original boundaries.

The architect for the project was the Gollins Melvin Ward Partnership, who acknowledged the influence of Mies van der Rohe. The design was an elongated cube in the modernist international style. The original cladding (apart from the windows) was anodidized aluminium, whose colour changed in varying lighting conditions from dark grey to dark bronze.

The tower has 24 usable office floors. In addition there are two double-height plant floors; the boiler rooms on one of the plant floors also serviced the neighbouring Peninsular and Oriental building. The floor-to-site-area ratio is 5.5:1. There were five underground levels, providing the staff restaurant, garage and three levels of storerooms and strongrooms.

Below the lowest office floor, the design was broken by an open podium which was designed to provide elevated pedestrian access via the City of London Pedway Scheme. Pedway was an ambitious but ultimately unfulfilled scheme to improve traffic flow in the City of London by means of the construction of a network of elevated pedestrian walkways. From the mid-1960s to the 1980s, developers of major sites were required to provide access to the Pedway network as a condition of obtaining planning consent. The requirement was unpopular with designers, who regarded the results as visually unappealing unused space that often provided pedestrians with dead ends. In the case of this development, a podium-level walkway was constructed that linked the Commercial Union building with its neighbour, the Peninsular and Oriental building.

Construction

The construction of the Commercial Union building was undertaken by Taylor Woodrow Construction.

The structure comprises a central concrete service core, surrounded by a steel framework suspended from projecting steel truss sections at the mid- and roof-level plant floors. The office floors are suspended from these steel frameworks; the roof section supports twelve floors while the midsection supports thirteen floors. The steel hangers are installed in alternate window mullions and vary in size: 0.23 m × 0.05–0.23 m. This suspended construction design was aimed at maximising floor space by largely eliminating the need for support columns.

The new piazza in front of the two new buildings was below street level, and steps were constructed on two sides.  Air intake louvres for ventilating the building's five sub-surface levels were built into the treads of the steps.  The piazza was planted with semi-mature lime trees.

Awards
In 1970, the Commercial Union and Peninsular & Oriental buildings won the Civic Trust Award for townscape and design co-ordination. In the same year the Commercial Union building was awarded the Structural Steel Design Special Award, sponsored by the British Steel Corporation and the British Constructional Steelwork Association.

References

Aviva
Skyscrapers in the City of London
Buildings and structures in the City of London
Office buildings completed in 1969
Skyscraper office buildings in London

St Helen's (skyscraper)


Biokovka (jama)
Tvornica trikotaže Biokovka
Bolnica za medicinsku rehabilitaciju Biokovka

Biokovka


Prvenstvo Šibenskog nogometnog podsaveza (Liga Šibenskog nogometnog podsaveza, Podsavezna nogometna liga NP Šibenik) za sezonu 1961./62. je bila liga 3. stpnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije.  Sudjelovalo je 8 klubova, a prvak je bio "DOŠK" iz Drniša, koji je potom sudjelovao u doigravanju za prvaka"Dalmatinske zone".

Ljestvica

 Zablaće – danas dio naselja Šibenik

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Dalmatinska nogometna zona 1962.
 Prvenstvo Splitskog nogometnog podsaveza 1961./62.
 Prvenstvo Zadarskog nogometnog podsaveza 1961./62.
 Druga savezna liga 1961./62.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori
 Godišnjak FSJ 1961-62, Beograd, 1962., ISSN: 0351-2894, str. 201
 Milorad Dujmović, Ante Livaja: Nogometni klub Dinara Knin : 1913-2013., Knin, 2013., , str. 60

1961-62
+Šibenik
1961-62 Šibenik

Prvenstvo Šibenskog nogometnog podsaveza 1961./62.


Verlag C. H. BECK oHG este o editură germană cu sediul la München și cu o sucursală în Frankfurt. Compania publică de 70 de reviste de specialitate și peste 9.000 de titluri individuale. În fiecare lună sunt publicate până la 1.500 de ediții noi. Un număr de 550 de angajați lucrează la sediul din München, iar 120 de editori de specialitate desfășoară activități la birourile din München și Frankfurt, sprijinind activitatea a peste 14.000 de autori.

Compania a fost înființată în 1763. Sediul său a fost inițial în orașul bavarez Nördlingen.

Referințe

Legături externe
  C. H. Beck
 Beck International

Edituri din Germania

C.H. Beck


Tordylieae, tribus štitarki.Sastoji se od tri podtribusa sa 37 rodova, od kojih u Hrvatskoj raste nekoliko vrsta šapika i sjetveni pastinak .

Tribus je opisan 1824.

Podtribusi i rodovi

 Subtribus Lefebvrea clade
 Lefebvrea A. Rich. (12 spp.)
 Stenosemis E. Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. (2 spp.)
 Afrosciadium P. J. D. Winter (18 spp.)
 Capnophyllum Gaertn. (4 spp.)
 Dasispermum Neck. ex Raf. (7 spp.)
 Scaraboides Magee & B.-E. van Wyk (1 sp.)
 Cynorhiza Eckl. & Zeyh. (3 spp.)
 Nanobubon Magee (3 spp.)
 Notobubon Magee (13 spp.)
 Haplosciadium Hochst. (1 sp.)
 Afroligusticum C. Norman (14 spp.)
 Subtribus Tordyliinae Drude
 Vanasushava P. K. Mukh. & Constance (1 sp.)
 Semenovia p. min. p. (2 spp.)
 Semenovia Regel & Herder (33 spp.)
 Pastinacopsis Golosk. (1 sp.)
 Scrithacola Alava (1 sp.)
 Zosima Hoffm. (4 spp.)
 Tricholaser Gilli (2 spp.)
 Tordylium L. (16 spp.)
 Heracleum L. (84 spp.)
 Ainsworthia Boiss. (3 spp.)
 Synelcosciadium Boiss. (1 sp.)
 Tordyliopsis DC. (1 sp.)
 Pastinaca L. emend. Calest. (16 spp.)
 Leiotulus Ehrenb. (14 spp.)
 Trigonosciadium Boiss. (6 spp.)
 Tetrataenium (DC.) Manden. (20 spp.)
 Kandaharia Alava (1 sp.)
 Stenotaenia Boiss. (7 spp.)
 Lalldhwojia Farille (3 spp.)
 Pinda P. K. Mukh. & Constance (2 spp.)
 Polyzygus Dalzell (1 sp.)
 Subtribus Cymbocarpum clade
 Ormosciadium Boiss. (1 sp.)
 Ducrosia Boiss. (6 spp.)
 Cymbocarpum DC. (5 spp.)
 Kalakia Alava (1 sp.)

Izvori

Apioideae

Tordylieae


Eris Han Sultan Ghirei Aliev (în ) (n. 30 aprilie 1855 – d. 9 decembrie 1955, Groznîi) a fost unul dintre generalii Armatei Țariste Ruse din Primul Război Mondial.

A îndeplinit funcția de comandant al Corpului 4 Armată rus în campania acesteia din România, având gradul de general de artilerie.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioanițiu, Alexandru (lt.col.), Războiului României, 1916-1918, vol. I, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929
  ***, ''România în războiul mondial 1916-1919, vol. I-IV, Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului, București, 1934-1936

Vezi și
 Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial

Nașteri în 1855
Decese în 1920
Generali ruși
Comandanți ruși pe frontul românesc (1916-1918)
Cioturi din proiectul România în Primul Război Mondial

Eris Han Sultan Ghirei Aliev


Roberto Cacciapaglia, nacido en (Milán, 1953), es un compositor, pianista y músico italiano.
Ha sido protagonista clave en la escena internacional por contar con la música más innovadora, ya que es altamente reconocido por contar con composiciones que fusionan la música electrónica experimental con la música clásica tradicional. Él es internacionalmente conocido por sus canciones como la de Oceano, Wild Side, The Future, Endless Time, Lux Libera Nos y Atlantico, ordenadas por popularidad de izquierda a derecha. Cacciapaglia, desde los años 70s hasta la actualidad, ha estado investigando los poderes del sonido, lo que lo han llevado a conducir hacia una música más allá de las fronteras expresadas a través de un profundo contacto emocional. Él también ha tenido mucho éxito con sus espectáculos en vivo en Italia y demás; un testimonio claro fue su gira por China, con conciertos en Beijing y Shanghai. Otros testimonios incluyen sus previos conciertos en Russia, Estados Unidos, España, Eslovaquia, y Turquía. Otro de sus más grandes méritos ha sido que obtuvo el primer puesto, en su álbum más reciente llamado Diapson, en el iTunes Classic Italy. Asimismo, en 2015 compuso la canción de Tree of Life que llegó al puesto #1 en el iTunes Classical Music Charts en el que se quedó en la cima por varios meses, siendo un gran éxito para este majestuoso pianista.

Biografía
Se graduó en composición musical en el Conservatorio, Giuseppe Verdi de Milán. También estudió dirección y música electrónica. En sus primeros años, trabajó en el estudio de la Fonología de Rai, y ha trabajado con la CNR (Consejo Nacional de Investigación) de Pisa en donde estudió aplicaciones computacionales en cuanto al área de la música.

Comenzó a trabajar como músico de sesión y entró en el grupo de Franco Battiato. Él fue el primer cantautor siciliano del álbum.
En 1974, lanzó su primer álbum Sonanze, publicado por Rolf Ulrich Kaiser, director de la oficina del sello alemán, Alto Representante.
Consonancias fue una obra ambiciosa para esos años, ya que fue basada en la orquesta, coro y música electrónica, y además utiliza un lenguaje que se acerca a la música cósmica alemana. Con este trabajo, se pone en contacto con otros grupos activos en el ámbito de la música experimental alemana como: Popol Vuh, Tangerine Dream, Wallestein, Darks Dieter.

Durante mucho tiempo, se ocupó de la música espiritual y la danza sagrada como los más importantes poderes de la investigación del sonido. La música es, de hecho, inspirada por estas experiencias y no es basada en reglas, sino en todos los estados de la emoción humana. En sus obras utiliza a menudo los textos sagrados tomados de Eclesiastés, la Biblia, los Vedas y los Upanishads, siendo capaz de componer una obra que se aparta mucho de todo lo material.

En los álbumes, Encuentros con el Alma (2005) y Cuarta Vez (2007), Roberto Cacciapaglia logró crear un nuevo género musical que está compuesto entre la música clásica y la electrónica.
En 2010, su álbum Ten Directions , es el primero publicado por Vistazo, propiedad del mismo Cacciapaglia, y distribuida en Italia por Sony Music. Sus canciones se llevan a cabo por la Orquesta Filarmónica Real de Londres.

Discografía

 Sonanze — OHR (1975) — CD Remastering Ducale (2000)
 Sei Note in Logica — Philips (1979) — CD Remastering Ducale (2000)
 The Ann Steel Album — (1981) — CD Remastering Recording Arts (2003)
 Generazioni del Cielo — Ed. Casa Ricordi Discos Fonit Cetra (1986) — Remastering Ducale (2000)
 Angelus Rock — Polygram Italic (1992)
 Tra Cielo e Terra — CGD (1996)
 Arcana — BMG Ricordi (2001)
 Tempus Fugit — BMG Ricordi (2003)
 Incontri con l'Anima — Deltadischi (2005)
 Quarto Tempo — Universal Music (2007)
 Canone Degli Apazi — Universal Music (2009)
 Ten Directions — Glance — Sony Music (2010)
 Diapason — Royal Philharmonic Orchestra — Abbey Road Studio 2 (London, 2019)

La Música para Anuncios y la Publicidad
 1988 - Álbum Double Vision y se reproduce en formato electrónico en el Álbum Ten Directions por Fiat Uno.
 Olimpica del álbum Quarto Tempo por Banca Antonveneta.
 Seconda Navigazione del álbum Quarto Tempo por Asti Spumante.
 Floating del álbum Quarto Tempo por Divani & Divani.
 How Long del álbum Incontri con l'Anima por Levissima.
 Atlantico del álbum Quarto Tempo por Illycaffè.
 Sarabanda del álbum Quarto Tempo por Barilla.
 Aurora del álbum Tempus Fugit por Barilla.
 2003 — Lux Libera del álbum Tempus Fugit por Fernet Branca.
2010 — Flotante del álbum Cuarta Vez por Divani & Divani.

Ópera

 Generazioni del Cielo — 1986
 Le Lamentazioni di Geremia — 1986
 Transarmonica — 1988
 Aurea Carmina — 1988
 Il Segreto dell'Alba — 1989
 Un Giorno X — 1990
 Le Mille e una Notte — 1991

Enlaces externos de sus redes sociales

 Sitio Oficial
 YouTube
 Instagram
 Facebook
 Spotify
 iTunes

Referencias

Compositores de música clásica de Italia del siglo XX
Nacidos en Milán

Roberto Cacciapaglia


Società Sportiva Lazio, 9 Ocak 1900'de İtalyan Ordusu mensupları tarafından kurulmuş bir Roma kulübüdür. Mavi-beyaz renklere sahip kulübün simgesi kartal, takma isimleri ise "Biancocelesti"dir. Ezeli rakibi AS Roma olup bütün derbilerden farklı olarak bu iki kulüp arasındaki siyasi görüş ayrılığı rekabeti kine dönüştürmektedir. Maçlarını 82.000 kişilik Olimpiyat Stadyumu'nda oynarlar.

"Lazio" kelimesinin kökeni Latince geniş anlamında olan "latiumdur" fakat bu ismi almalarının nedeni, Roma şehrinin İtalya'nın 1948 Anayasası'na göre 20 özerk bölgeden biri olan Lazio bölgesi içerisinde olmasıdır.Kulubün renkleri mavi-beyazdır. 1902 yılına kadar çeşitli sportif aktivitelerde bulunmuş, 1902 yılında ise futbol şubesi kurulmuştur.

Sergio Cragnotti'nin başkanlığında,kulüp altın çağını yaşamış Verón, Crespo, Nesta, Stam, Vieri, Claudio López, Fiore, Negro, Couto, Nedved, Simone Inzaghi, Peruzzi gibi yıldızlarla tanışmıştır fakat bunun sonrasında maddi krize girip Claudio Lotito adlı bir girişimciye satılmıştır. Maddi kriz sonrasında başarıları İtalya sınırları içerisinde kalmış, bu süre içerisinde 4 İtalya Kupası, 4 İtalya Süper Kupası müzesine götürmüştür. Son 10 yılda 6 kupadan zaferle ayrılan Lazio'ya karşılık, en büyük rakibi Roma hiçbir kupa kazanamamıştır.

Oyuncular

Güncel kadro

Başarıları

İtalya

  Serie A
Şampiyon (2): 1973-74, 1999-00

 Coppa Italia
Şampiyon (7): 1958 ,1997-98, 1999-00, 2003-04, 2008-09, 2012-13, 2018-19

 Supercoppa Italiana
Şampiyon (5): 1998, 2000, 2009, 2017, 2019

Serie B
Şampiyon (1): 1968-69

Avrupa

 UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası
Şampiyon (1): 1998-99

 UEFA Süper Kupası
Şampiyon (1): 1999

 Coppa delle Alpi
Şampiyon (1): 1971

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmî site

Serie A kulüpleri
Serie A şampiyonları
UEFA Süper Kupası şampiyonları
1900'de kurulan futbol kulüpleri
1900'de kurulan oluşumlar
UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası şampiyonları

SS Lazio


Studenčica (lokalni naziv i Matica), lijeva pritoka rijeke Trebižat koja protječe kroz Studenačko polje u mjestu Studenci kod Ljubuškoga. Duljina toka iznosi joj 6 km.

Nastaje od više krških vrela (najveća su Vrilo, Vakuf i Kajtazovina), a prima i vodu od potoka Lukoč koji odvodi vode iz Čitlučkoga polja. U Trebižat utječe tri kilometra nizvodno od slapa Kravica.

Izvori

Rijeke u Bosni i Hercegovini
Ljubuški

Studenčica (rijeka)


Inversia Walden reprezintă inversia unui centru chiral dintr-o moleculă în timpul unei reacții chimice. Din moment ce o moleculă poate avea doi enantiomeri la un centru de chiralitate, inversia Walden decurge cu inversarea configurației unei molecule, cu trecerea dintr-un enantiomer în altul. Cel mai cunoscut exemplu de reacție este substituția nucleofilă bimoleculară (SN2), în care inversia Walden are loc la atomul de carbon tetraedric, ca în imaginea din dreapta.

Ciclul Walden
Inversia Walden a fost observată pentru prima dată de Paul Walden în anul 1896, când a reușit conversia unui enantiomer a unui compus în celălalt enantiomer, și invers, urmând un așa-numit ciclu Walden.

Proprietăți

Vezi și
 Reacție SN2
 Transpoziție Brook

Referințe

Reacții de substituție
Mecanisme de reacție

Inversie Walden


Letland konkurrerede med otte konkurrenter ved Sommer-PL 2012 i London, Storbritannien fra 29 august - 9 september 2012.

Medaljevindere

Referencer

2012
Lande ved sommer-PL 2012

Letland ved sommer-PL 2012


II. Bayezid Külliyesi, Edirne'de tarihi külliye. İkinci başkent konumundaki Edirne'yi darüşşifaya kavuşturmak amacıyla Sultan II. Bayezid tarafından 1484-1488 yıllarında Mimar Hayreddin'e yaptırılmıştır.

Külliye Edirne şehir merkezine 2 km uzaklıkta Tunca Nehri kıyısında yer alır. Geniş bir alanı üzerine inşa edilen külliye; cami, imaret, mutfak, erzak ambarı, medrese, dârüşşifâ, değirmen, köprü ve hamamdan oluşmaktadır. 1653'te Edirne'ye gelen Evliya Çelebi, külliyeyi ziyaret etmiş ve seyahatnamesinde külliyenin darüşşifası hakkında detaylı bilgiler vermiştir. II. Bayezid Külliyesi çeşitli zamanlarda Tunca Nehrinin taşması sonucunda büyük zarar görmüştür. Külliye ayrıca Balkan Savaşları sırasında da Edirne'nin en fazla zarar gören eserleri arasında yer almıştır.

Camii dışındaki yapıları, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından 1984 yılında Trakya Üniversitesi'ne devredilmiştir. Bir süre Trakya Üniversitesi Edirne Meslek Yüksekokulu'nun Restorasyon ve Duvar Süsleme Bölümleri burada eğitim öğretimini sürdürmüştür.

İkinci Bayezid Camii, 20,55 m çapında tek bir kubbesi ve iki minaresi olan anıtsal bir yapıdır.  Yanlarında dokuzar kubbeli, kapıları dış yöne açılan tabhane (kitap basımevi) bölümleri bulunur. Hünkâr mahfili mermerden ve oldukça zariftir, mihrap ve minber sade bir üslüpta yapılmıştır.

Külliyenin içindeki Darüşşifa ve Tıp medresesi Sağlık Müzesi olarak hizmet verir.

Kaynakça

II. Bayezid Külliyesi


Kenny Per Anders Jönsson (født 6. oktober 1974 i Ängelholm, Sverige) er en svensk tidligere ishockeyspiller, og dobbelt olympisk guldvinder med Sveriges landshold.

Jönsson spillede på klubplan blandt andet i hjemlandet hos Rögle BK, samt i den nordamerikanske NHL-liga, hvor han repræsenterede Toronto Maple Leafs og New York Islanders.

Med det svenske landshold vandt Jönsson guld ved både OL 1994 i Lillehammer og OL 2006 i Torino, ligesom det blev til guld ved VM 2006 i Letland.

Jönsson er bror til en anden svensk ishockeyprofil, Jörgen Jönsson.

OL-medaljer
 1994:  Guld
 2006:  Guld

VM-medaljer
 2006:  Guld
 1994:  Bronze
 2009:  Bronze

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Ishockeyspillere fra Sverige
NHL-spillere
Deltagere for Sverige ved vinter-OL 1994
Deltagere for Sverige ved vinter-OL 2006
Olympiske mestre fra Sverige
Personer fra Ängelholm

Kenny Jönsson


ත්‍රිත්ව ශතකයක් (300 හෝ ඊට වඩා වැඩි පුද්ගලයකු ලකුණු) ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩා කරන රටවල් අටක පිතිකරුවන් 27 දෙනෙකු අවස්ථා  31 දී වාර්තා කර ඇත.  ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානය, බංග්ලාදේශය, අයර්ලන්තය හෝ සිම්බාබ්වේ කිසිදු ක්‍රීඩකයකු ලකුණු 300 සීමාව පසු කර නැත. ටෙස්ට් ත්‍රිත්ව ශතකයක් ලබා ගත් පිතිකරුවන්ගේ වාර ගණන ටෙස්ට් කඩුලු ත්‍රිත්වයක් ලබා ගත් පන්දු යවන්නාට වඩා තරමක් අඩුය (2017 ජූලි වන විට ත්‍රිත්ව ශතක 31 ක් හා  හැට්ට්‍රික් 43 ක්).

ඉතිහාසය
පළමු ටෙස්ට් ත්‍රිත්ව ශතකය එංගලන්තයේ ඇන්ඩි සැන්ඩ්හැම් විසින් 1930 දී බටහිර ඉන්දීය කොදෙව්වන්ට එරෙහිව බටහිර ඉන්දීය කොදෙව්හි පැවැත්වූ පළමු ටෙස්ට් තරගමාලාවේදී ලබා ගන්නා ලදී.  1932–33 දී ඕක්ලන්ඩ්හිදී නවසීලන්තයට එරෙහිව එංගලන්තය වෙනුවෙන් වොලී හැමන්ඩ් විසින් පැය 4 යි විනාඩි 48 කින් වේගවත්ම ටෙස්ට් ත්‍රිත්ව ශතකය රැස් කළේය.  සියවසේ මුහුණ් දුන් පන්දු ගණන අනුව වේගවත්ම ටෙස්ට් ත්‍රිත්වශතකය විරේන්ද්‍ර සෙවාග් 2008 දී චෙන්නායි පළමු ටෙස්ට් දී දකුණු අප්‍රිකාවට එරෙහිව පන්දු  278 කදී වාර්තා කරන ලදී

ඩොනල්ඩ් බ්‍රැඩ්මන් (ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව), බ්‍රයන් ලාරා (බටහිර ඉන්දීය කොදෙව්), විරේන්ද්‍ර සෙවාග් (ඉන්දියාව) සහ ක්‍රිස් ගේල් (බටහිර ඉන්දීය කොදෙව්) එක් වරකට වඩා 300 ක් කරා ළඟා වූ එකම පිතිකරුවන් වේ.  ලාරා 2004 දී එංගලන්තයට එරෙහිව නොදැවී ලකුණු 400 ක් රැස් කිරීම ඔහුගේ දෙවන ටෙස්ට් ත්‍රිත්ව ශතකය වන අතර එය ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාවේ වැඩිම ලකුණු සංඛ්‍යාව වන අතර ටෙස්ට් හතරේ ශතකයක එකම අවස්ථාව මෙයයි. 350 ක් දෙවරක් පසු කළ එකම ක්‍රීඩිකාව ද ලාරා ය. 1932 දී දකුණු අප්‍රිකාවට එරෙහිව බ්‍රැඩ්මන් නොදැවී ලකුණු 299 ක් රැස් කළේය. සෙවාග් ද 2009 දෙසැම්බර් මාසයේ දී ශ්‍රී ලංකාව සහ ඉන්දියාව අතර පැවැත්වෙන තෙවැනි ටෙස්ට් තරගයේ පන්දු 254 ලකුණු 293 ක් රැස් කළේය  ගූච්, ජයසූරිය සහ ක්ලාක් එකම තරගයෙදී පන්දු යැවීමේදී කඩුලු ලබා ගත් ත්‍රිත්ව ශතකලාභියෝය. එකම තරඟයේදී කඩුලු රකිමින් ත්‍රිත්ව ශතකයක් ලබා ගත් පිතිකරුවකු තවමත් නොමැත (සංගක්කාර සහ මැකලම් දෙදෙනාම ඔවුන්ගේ කණ්ඩායමේ නිත්‍ය කඩුළු රකින්නන් වූ නමුත් දෙදෙනාම ඔවුන්ගේ 300+ ලකුණු රැස් කළ තරගවලදී පිතිකරුවන් ලෙස ක්‍රීඩා කළහ). නායකයා ලෙස ත්‍රිත්ව ශතක රැස් කළ  පිතිකරුවන් වන්නේ සිම්සන්, ගූච්, ටේලර්, ලාරා (2004), ජයවර්ධන, ඛාන්, ක්ලාක් සහ මැකලම් ය.

එංගලන්තයේ ලීඩ්ස් හි හෙඩින්ග්ලි සහ ශාන්ත ජෝන්ස්, ඇන්ටිගුවා සහ බාර්බුඩා හි ඇන්ටිගුවා විනෝද ක්‍රීඩාංගණය යන ස්ථාන තුන ත්‍රිත්ව ශතක එක්කට වැඩියෙන් ලබාගත් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාංගණ වේ. එක් රටක ක්‍රීඩකයින් ලබාගත් වැඩිම ත්‍රිත්ව ශතකය ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව (8) විසින් වේ.

ත්‍රිත්ව ශතක හෝ ඊට වැඩි

යතුර

රට අනුව

මෙයද බලන්න

 පළමු පෙළ ක්‍රිකට් හතරේ ශතවර්ෂ ගණන
 එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් ද්විත්ව ශතක ලැයිස්තුව
 රංජි කුසලානයේ ත්‍රිත්ව ශතකය

සටහන්

 ^   Batting first, in a timeless Test, Sandham shared stands of 173 with George Gunn (85) for the first wicket, 148 with Bob Wyatt (58) for the second wicket, and 249 with Leslie Ames (149) for the fourth wicket, on the way to an England total of 849.  West Indies replied with 286, but England did not enforce the follow-on, setting West Indies a target of 835 to win.  After bad weather prevented any play on the match's eighth day, a draw was agreed with West Indies at 408 for 5, George Headley having scored 223. It was the first triple hundred in Tests.  Sandham was 39 years and 275 days old, and playing his last Test match: he is Test cricket's oldest triple-centurion. He had also scored 50 in the first innings, for a match total of 375 which remained a record until 1974 (GS Chappell, 247* and 133).
 ^  Bradman came in to bat after Australia had lost Archie Jackson off the eleventh ball of the match. He shared stands of 192 with Bill Woodfull (50) for the second wicket and 229 with Alan Kippax (77) for the third wicket, and helped Australia to a total of 566.  Bradman was 105* at lunch, 220* at tea and 309* at the close of the first day's play. It is the only instance in Tests of a batsman scoring 300 in a day. Bradman scored 200 in 214 minutes. England scored 391 in reply, including a century from Wally Hammond (113).  Forced to follow on, they salvaged a draw.
 ^  Batting second, in a three-day match, Hammond shared a stand of 149 with Eddie Paynter (36) for the third wicket, on the way to an England total of 548 for 7 declared.  New Zealand had batted first, scoring 158.  Hammond reached 300 in 287 minutes, going between 200 and 300 in 48 minutes. It has been estimated that he received about 355 balls to get there. Hammond hit 10 sixes in his innings, three off them off consecutive balls from Jack Newman.  The third day was affected by rain, and the match was drawn. Hammond made 227 in his previous innings against New Zealand and finished the two-match series with a batting average of 563.
 ^  Batting second, Bradman shared a stand of 388 with Bill Ponsford (181) for the fourth wicket on the way to an Australian total of 584, in reply to England's 200 all out.  Bradman came in to join Ponsford after Australia had lost their first three wickets for 39. England salvaged a draw. This was Bradman's second successive triple century in matches at Headingley, in only his second match at the ground. Shortly before his dismissal his average in Test matches at Headingley stood at 638.
 ^  Batting first, Hutton shared stands of 382 with Maurice Leyland (187) for the second wicket, 135 with Wally Hammond (59) for the third wicket, and 215 with Joe Hardstaff junior (169*) for the sixth wicket, on the way to an England total of 903 for 7 declared, the first time a Test team scored over 900.  Hutton was dismissed with the score at 770, the greatest number of runs added during one batsman's Test innings.  Don Bradman and Jack Fingleton were both unable to bat in either Australia innings, and England won by a Test record margin of an innings and 579 runs.
 ^  Hanif shared stands of 152 with Imtiaz Ahmed (97) for the first wicket, 112 with Alimuddin (37) for the second wicket, 154 with Saeed Ahmed (65) for the third wicket, and 121 with Wazir Mohammad (35) for the fourth wicket, on the way to a Pakistan score of 657 for 8 declared.  His 970-minute innings is the longest in Test cricket and was the only instance of a Test triple century scored in a team's second innings until Brendon McCullum's in 2014. Pakistan had followed on, having scored 106 in the first innings in reply to West Indies' 579 for 9 declared, including centuries for Conrad Hunte (142) and Everton Weekes (197). The six-day Test match was drawn.
 ^  Batting second, Sobers shared stands of 446 with Conrad Hunte (260) for the second wicket, and 188 unbroken with Clyde Walcott (88*) for the fourth wicket, on the way to a West Indies total of 790 for 3 declared.  It was Sobers' first hundred in Test cricket. Pakistan had batted first, scoring 328, including a century for Imtiaz Ahmed (122), but their bowling was hampered by injuries to Mahmood Hussain (torn hamstring in his first over), Nasim-ul-Ghani (broken finger after bowling 15 overs) and Abdul Kardar (broken finger before the match even began, nevertheless bowling 37 overs against doctor's orders). Wazir Mohammad scored 106 in Pakistan's second innings, but could not prevent West Indies winning by an innings and 174 runs: Pakistan's two centurions in the match were the only players who did not bowl during West Indies' innings.
 ^  Batting first, Simpson shared stands of 201 with Bill Lawry (106) for the first wicket and 219 with Brian Booth (98) for the fifth wicket, on the way to an Australian total of 656 for 8 declared.  Ken Barrington (256) and Ted Dexter (174) ensured that the match was drawn, England scoring 611. This was also the first instance of a captain scoring a triple century in tests.
 ^  Batting first, Edrich shared stands of 369 with Ken Barrington (163) for the second wicket and 109 with Peter Parfitt (32) for the fourth wicket, on the way to an England total of 546 for 4 declared.  England won by an innings and 187 runs. Edrich hit a Test record 52 boundaries in addition to five sixes in his innings and was on the field for every ball of the match.
 ^  Batting second, Cowper shared stands of 212 with Bill Lawry (108) for the third wicket and 172 for the fourth wicket with Doug Walters (60) on the way to a total of 543 for 8 declared (the lowest total to include a Test triple-hundred).  England had batted first, scoring 485 including a century for Ken Barrington (115).  The match was drawn.  A wet outfield meant that Cowper's innings included only 20 fours but 26 threes.
 ^  Batting second, Rowe shared stands of 126 with Roy Fredericks (32) for the first wicket and 249 with Alvin Kallicharran (119) for the second wicket, on the way to a West Indies total of 596.  England had batted first, scoring 395 including a century for Tony Greig (148).  Keith Fletcher scored 129* in England's second innings and the match was drawn.
 ^  Batting first, Gooch - reprieved on 36 when edging the ball to keeper Kiran More, who dropped a regulation catch - shared stands of 127 with David Gower (40) for the second wicket, 308 with Allan Lamb (139) for the third wicket, and 192 with Robin Smith (100*) for the fourth wicket.  England declared on 653 for 4.  With centuries from Ravi Shastri (100) and Mohammad Azharuddin (121), and Kapil Dev's four sixes in a row off Eddie Hemmings with the last man in, India saved the follow on.  Graham Gooch hit a second century (123) in England's second innings (the first instance in any form of cricket of a triple-century and a century in the same match) and India lost by 247 runs.  As of 2019, Gooch's 456 runs in the match remains the Test record. The England captain also took one wicket and two catches, plus a direct-hit run-out to dismiss India's last man and win the match.
 ^  Batting first, Lara shared stands of 179 with Jimmy Adams (59) for the third wicket, 183 with Keith Arthurton (47) for the fourth wicket, and 219 with Shivnarine Chanderpaul (75*) for the fifth wicket, on the way to a West Indies total of 593 for 5 declared.  In reply, England also scored 593, with centuries for Mike Atherton (135) and Robin Smith (175). The match was drawn.
 ^  Batting second, Jayasuriya shared a stand of 576 with RS Mahanama (225) for the second wicket, on the way to a Test record total of 952 for 6 declared.  Sri-Lanka's second wicket stand was the highest in Test history, was Sri Lanka's first in Test cricket over 400 runs, and is the only instance of two batsmen batting throughout two uninterrupted days of a Test match.  India had batted first, scoring 537 for 8 declared with centuries from Navjot Singh Sidhu, Sachin Tendulkar and Mohammad Azharuddin, Jayasuriya taking three wickets in addition to his later feats with the bat.  The match was drawn.
 ^  Batting first, Taylor shared stands of 279 with Justin Langer (116) for the second wicket, 123 with Mark Waugh (77) for the third wicket, and an undefeated 168 for the fifth wicket with Ricky Ponting (76*), on the way to an Australian total of 599 for 4 declared.  Pakistan hit 580 in reply, including centuries for Saeed Anwar (126) and Ijaz Ahmed (155).  Most of the play on the third day was lost, and the match was drawn.  The Australian captain scored 103 runs before lunch on the second day of the match, but it was a three-hour session. Taylor deliberately declared with his score on 334 so as not to overtake the highest score by an Australian of Don Bradman.  Taylor also scored 92 in Australia's second innings, falling just short of Gooch's achievements of 1990, totalling 426 in the match.
 ^   Batting first, Inzamam shared stands of 204 with Imran Nazir (127) for the third wicket and 111 with Saqlain Mushtaq (30) for the seventh wicket.  He was last out with the Pakistan score on 643.  New Zealand were bowled out for 73, followed on, and were defeated by an innings and 324 runs inside three days.
 ^  Batting first, Hayden shared stands of 207 with Steve Waugh (59) for the fourth wicket and 233 with Adam Gilchrist (113*) for the sixth wicket, on the way to an Australian total of 735 for 6 declared.  Hayden hit thirty-eight fours and eleven sixes, scored 102 between tea and stumps on day one and 105 runs between lunch and tea on the second day. Australia won by an innings and 175 runs.
 ^  Batting first, Sehwag shared stands of 160 with Akash Chopra (42) for the first wicket and 336 with Sachin Tendulkar (194*) for the third wicket, on the way to an Indian total of 675 for 5 declared.  India won by an innings and 52 runs, despite Yousuf Youhana scoring 117 in Pakistan's second innings (following on). It is first Test triple hundred reached with a six.
 ^  Batting first, Lara (captain), who was playing in his 106th Test, shared stands of 232 with Ramnaresh Sarwan (90) for the third wicket, and 282 with Ridley Jacobs (107*) for the fifth wicket, on the way to a West Indies total of 751 for 5 declared.  England's attack was hampered towards the end of the innings by the loss of Hoggard (stomach bug) and Harmison (barred from bowling after too many warnings for running on the pitch), although they had bowled 18 and 35 overs respectively. Despite a century for Andrew Flintoff (102*), England were bowled out for 285 in their first innings and forced to follow on.  However, England managed to hold out in their second innings, with a century for Michael Vaughan (140), and the match was drawn.
 ^  Batting second, Gayle shared stands of 341 with Ramnaresh Sarwan (127) for the second wicket and 149 with Shivnarine Chanderpaul (also 127) for the fourth wicket, on the way to a West Indies total of 747; Dwayne Bravo (107) also scored a century.  South Africa had batted first, scoring 588, with four batsmen scoring centuries (Abraham de Villiers (114), Graeme Smith (126), Jacques Kallis (147) and Ashwell Prince (131)) making a record eight centuries in the Test.  The match was drawn.
 ^  Batting second, coming in to bat at 14 for 2, Jayawardene shared a partnership of 624 with Kumar Sangakkara (287) for the third wicket, a record for any wicket in first-class cricket. It eclipsed the previous Test partnership record, also held by two Sri Lankans. The Sri Lankan captain also shared a stand of 117 with Tillakaratne Dilshan (45). Sri Lanka declared on the fall of Jayawardene's wicket, at 756 for 5, a first-innings lead of 587.  Sri Lanka won by an innings and 153 runs.
 ^  Batting second, Sehwag shared stands of 213 with Wasim Jaffer (74) for the first wicket and 268 with Rahul Dravid (111) for the second wicket on the way to an India total of 627. Sehwag reached his second triple-ton off only 278 balls, the fastest triple century in Test cricket, and his innings lasted 304 balls in total. The match ended in a draw.
 ^  The first ever Test triple hundred to be made against Sri Lanka, with the previous highest being Martin Crowe's 299. Khan brought up the milestone with a reverse sweep. After Sri Lanka had declared their first innings on 644 for 7, with captain Mahela Jayawardene and Thilan Samaraweera hitting for 240 and 231 respectively and teaming for a record fourth-wicket partnership of 437, Pakistan's captain led his side to a response of 765 for 6. The match was ultimately drawn. It was also the first Test in history in which both captains scored double centuries, and only the second in which three double centuries were scored.
 ^  Batting first, Gayle shared stands of 110 for the first wicket with Adrian Barath (50), 196 for the second wicket with Darren Bravo (58) and 167 for the fourth wicket with Brendan Nash before being bowled by Ajantha Mendis with the score at 566 for 6. The West Indies later declared at 580 for 9. The match was drawn.
 ^  Batting first, Clarke shared a stand of 288 with Ricky Ponting (134) for the fourth wicket, and an unbroken stand of 334 with Michael Hussey (150*) for the fifth wicket, on the way to an Australian total of 659 for 4 declared. Australia won the match by an innings and 68 runs, with the Australian captain also taking two catches in India's first innings, and one wicket in the second. This is the highest score at the SCG, surpassing Tip Foster's 287 in 1903.
 ^  Batting second, Amla shared a stand of 259 with Graeme Smith (131) and an unbroken partnership of 377 with Jacques Kallis (182*).  He was left unbeaten on 311 when South Africa declared on 637 for 2. It was the first triple century by a South African cricketer. South Africa won by an innings and 12 runs.
 ^  Batting first, Sangakkara shared stands of 178 with Mahela Jayawardene (72) for the third wicket and 100 with Ajantha Mendis (47) for the eighth wicket. Sangakkara was last out, with Sri Lanka making 587. It is second Test triple hundred reached with a six. Sangakkara also scored a century (105) in the second innings, the second player to achieve the feat of a triple century and a century in the same Test. The match was drawn.
 ^  McCullum shared a record stand of 352 with BJ Watling (124) for the sixth wicket and 179 with James Neesham (137*) for the seventh wicket. New Zealand were 246 runs behind after the first innings, and finished their second innings on 680 for 8 declared. The captain's triple century was the first by a New Zealander, and only the second to be scored in a team's second innings. The match was drawn.
 ^  Azhar Ali became the first batsman to score a triple century in a day/night test match as well a first in a match to be played with a pink ball. Azhar played against West Indies in Dubai and began his innings on the first day of the 1st Test match. He hit 23 fours and two sixes in his marathon 469-ball 302 not out. He shared a 215-run opening stand with Sami Aslam. Pakistan declared the innings on 579 for the loss of only three batsmen while Azhar and Misbah remained unbeaten at the crease. Pakistan won by 56 runs.
 ^  Karun Nair became the second Indian batsman to score a triple century, the first being Virender Sehwag. Nair also became the first Indian and the third batsman overall to convert a maiden test century into a triple hundred. Nair played against England in Chennai and shared a stand of 161 with K. L. Rahul (199) for the fourth wicket, 181 with Ravichandran Ashwin (67) for the sixth wicket, and 138 with Ravindra Jadeja (51) for the seventh wicket on the way to a total of 759 for 7 declared. India won by an innings and 75 runs.
 ^ David Warner became the first batsman to score a triple century at Adelaide Oval in South Australia, Australia. He was the seventh Australian batsman to score a triple century, and the fourth to do so at an Australian ground. This score saw Warner surpass Sir Donald Bradman (334) and Mark Taylor (334*) to hold the second highest Test score by an Australian batsman, behind only Matthew Hayden. The Australian captain, Tim Paine, declared at 3/589 once Warner reached this mark.

යොමුව

 විස්ඩන් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයින්ගේ ඇල්මැනැක්
 ඉනිමක වැඩිම ලකුණු ( ක්‍රික්ඉන්ෆෝ වෙතින්)
 ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාවේ ත්‍රිත්ව සෙන්චූරියන් ( rediff.com වෙතින්)

ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් ත්‍රිත්ව ශතක ලැයිස්තුව


الهامور العملاق أو جروبير العملاق  ، هي أكبر الأسماك في طائفة الأسماك العظمية المتواجدة في الشعاب المرجانية. السمكة هي الشعار البحري لولاية كوينزلاند، أستراليا.هي من أضخم الأسماك وقد يصل وزنها إلى 500 كلغ.

مناطق تواجده
 توجد في جميع أنحاء المحيط الهادي والهندي، باستثناء الخليج العربي.

الوصف
 طولها يصل إلى 2.7 متر، بينما يصل وزنها إلى 600 كجم ؛ هناك تقارير غير مؤكدة تشير إلى أن وزنها أكبر بكثير من ذلك. وهي شائعة إلى حد ما في المياه الضحلة،
الغذاء
 تتغذى على مجموعة متنوعة من الحيوانات البحرية، من بينها أسماك القرش الصغيرة والسلاحف البحرية.

مراجع

أسماك أستراليا
أسماك المحيط الهادئ
أسماك المحيط الهندي
أسماك شبيهة الأفراخ
أسماك وصفت في 1790
أنواع ناقصة البيانات حسب القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة
سمك هاواي
هامور

هامور عملاق


Misu oder Mișu ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Mime Misu (1888–1953), rumänischer Schauspieler, Drehbuchautor und Filmregisseur
 Nicolae Mișu (1893–1973), rumänischer Tennisspieler

Misu bezeichnet:
 Heo Mok (Pseudonym: Misu), koreanischer Gelehrter, Politiker und Kalligraf

Misu


Gara Ploiești Est este o gară care deservește municipiul Ploiești, România.

Ploiești Est

Gara Ploiești Est


(4436) Oritzmoreno ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 9. März 1983 von Evan Barr von der Anderson Mesa Station aus entdeckt wurde.

Der Asteroid wurde nach dem Astronomen José Luis Ortiz Moreno benannt.

Weblinks

Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser
Ursula-Familie

(4436) Ortizmoreno


Anthony Mackie (født 23. september 1979 i New Orleans, Louisiana, USA) er en amerikansk skuespiller.

Han er bedst kendt for rollen som Sergeant JT Sanborn i filmen The Hurt Locker som vandt en Oscar for bedste film i 2010. I 2002 medvirkede han som antagonisten Papa Doc i Eminems debutfilm 8 Mile. Han har også medvirket i en række andre kendte film, som Million Dollar Baby (2004), Half Nelson (2006), We Are Marshall (2006), Eagle Eye (2008), The Adjustment Bureau (2011), Real Steel (2011), What's Your Number? (2011), Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012). Han spillede Marvelfiguren Sam Wilson/Falcon i filmene Ant-Man, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Captain America: Civil War, Avengers: Infinity War og Avengers: Endgame
Og nu i serien The Falcon and The Winter Soldier

Udvalgt filmografi

Film

Tv-serier

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra USA

Anthony Mackie


بينارآيي فيجايان هو سياسي ووزير سابق للولاية كيرالا ، وجنوب الهند. حاليا هو وزير في ولاية كيرالا اللجنة والحزب الشيوعى الهندى (الماركسى) (CPIM).

نشأته
ولد في 21 مارس 1944 في بينارآيي في كنور ، في أسرة فقيرة وابن جامع مشروب ساخن
وهو متزوج وأب لكمالا ولديه طفلان، وفيفيك فينا.

حياته السياسية
بينارآيي فيجايان دخل السياسة عن طريق أنشطة اتحاد الطلاب في نهاية المطاف، وانضم إلى الحزب الشيوعي في عام 1964. كان الرئيس والأمين العام للاتحاد الطلاب ولاية كيرالا (قوة أمن كوسوفو) ، وكان يشغل أيضا منصب رئيس اتحاد شباب ولاية كيرالا (KSYF). خلال تلك الفترة، عندما كان الشيوعيون في ولاية كيرالا تنظيم أنشطة سياسية من مختلف المخابئ، بينارآيي فيجايان كان قد سجن لمدة سنة ونصف السنة. في وقت لاحق تم انتخابه رئيسا للدولة ولاية كيرالا التعاون بين المصارف العاملة. وحصل المنتخب إلى ولاية كيرالا الجمعية التشريعية في عام 1970. واعيد انتخابه في 1977 و1991 و1996. كان وزير الطاقة الكهربائية والتعاونيات في ئي كيه Nayanar الوزارة من 1996 إلى 1998. في عام 1998 أصبح الشيوعي الهندي (الماركسي) وزيرة دولة. انتخب في المكتب السياسي للالشيوعي الهندي (الماركسي) في عام 2002.

تعليق
في مايو 26 ، 2007 لالشيوعي الهندي (الماركسي) علقت بينارآيي فيجايان وف. S. Achuthanandan من المكتب السياسي لملاحظاتهم العامة على بعضها البعض. اللجنة المركزية قد وافقت على المكتب السياسي 'ق قرار تعليق عليها. وخلص إلى أن النقد الصريح بعضهم ضد البعض الآخر الذي بثته وكان الزعيمان قد «انتهكت قواعد الحزب». كما اعاد أنهم كانوا أعضاء في المكتب السياسي في وقت لاحق.

المناصب التي شغلها
 هل كان رئيس الدولة وسكرتير لاتحاد طلاب ولاية كيرالا، ورئيس اتحاد شباب ولاية كيرالا (KSYF).
 شغل منصب رئيس ولاية كيرالا البنك التعاوني.
 انتخب في ولاية كيرالا الجمعية التشريعية في عام 1970 ، 1977 ، 1991 و1996.
 شغل منصب وزير في ولاية كيرالا الحكومة بين عامي 1996 و1998.
 وزير الدولة في ولاية كيرالا لجنة للالشيوعي الهندي (الماركسي) منذ عام 1998.
 عضو في الحزب الشيوعي الهندي (م) من المكتب السياسي عام 2002.

معرض صور

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من مقاطعة كانور
سياسيون هنود
شعب الملايا
ملحدون هنود
مواليد 1944
مواليد 1945
هندوس هنود

بينارآيي فيجين


Kuzey Adası, Yeni Zelanda'nın 35 km genişliğindeki Cook Boğazı ile Güney Adası'ndan ayrılan adasıdır. Kuzey Adası, ülkenin ağırlıklı yerleşim noktasını oluşturur ve en büyük şehri Auckland (1.3 mil. nüfus) ile başkenti Wellington (300.000 nüfus) bu ada üzerinde bulunur. Alanı 114.597 km² tutar. Adanın iç kesimlerinde çok sayıda faal volkan ve gayzer bulunur. Buradaki en yüksek volkan 2.797 m yüksekliğindeki Ruapehu'dur.

Maori mitolojisine göre Yeni Zelanda'nın Kuzey ve Güney Adaları yarıtanrı olan Maui zamanından kalmadır. Maui ve erkek kardeşleri kanolarından (Güney Adası) balık avlarken Maui büyük bir balık yakalar ve onu denizden çıkarır. Ancak bakmadığı bir sırada kardeşleri balık için kavga eder ve onu parçalar. Bu büyük balık Kuzey Adası olur ve dolayısıyla Maori dilinde Kuzey Adası'nın ismi Te Ika-a-Māui yani "Maui'nin Balığı"dır. Dağların ve vadilerin Maui'nin kardeşlerinin balığı parçaladığı sırada oluştuğu söylenir. 20. yüzyılın başlarında Kuzey Adası için Maori'lerin verdiği Aotearoa adı da kullanılmaktaydı. Ancak günümüzde Aotearoa Yeni Zelanda'nın tamamı için kullanılmaktadır.

Kuzey Adası'ndaki şehirler

 Auckland
 Cambridge
 Coromandel
 Dannevirke
 Dargaville
 Eketahuna
 Featherston
 Foxton
 Gisborne
 Hamilton
 Hastings
 Huntly
 Kaikohe
 Kaitaia
 Kawakawa
 Kawerau

 Kerikeri
 Levin
 Lower Hutt
 Manukau
 Martinborough
 Masterton
 Matamata
 Napier
 New Plymouth
 North Shore
 Ohakune
 Opotiki
 Pahiatua
 Palmerston North
 Papakura

 Porirua
 Pukekohe
 Raglan
 Rotorua
 Stratford
 Taupo
 Tauranga
 Upper Hutt
 Wairoa
 Waitakere
 Wanganui
 Whakatane
 Whangarei
 Wellington
 Woodville

Kaynakça

Kuzey Adası


Bloomsbury er et district i Londons West End , kends som et fashionabelt boligområde og hjemsted for adskillige kulturelle og undervisningsinstitutioner. Det omgives af Fitzrovia mod vest, Covent Garden mod syd, Regent's Park og St. Pancras mod nord, og Clerkenwell mod øst.

Bloomsbury er hjemsted for British Museum, det største museum i United Kingdom, og undervisninginstitutioner som University College London, University of London, New College of the Humanities, University of Law, Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, og mange andre. Bloomsbury er også kendt som hjemsted for Bloomsbury Publishing, som udgav Harry Potterserien, og Bloomsburygruppen, der var en gruppe britiske intellektuelle som fra ca. 1905 frem til anden verdenskrig dannede en uformel kreds med betydelig indflydelse på kulturlivet. Gruppen talte bl.a. Virginia Woolf og økonomen John Maynard Keynes.

Geografi

Kilder og henvisninger

Bydele i London

Bloomsbury (London)


Frank Bowman ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Frank Bowman (Admiral) (* 1944), US-amerikanischer Admiral
 Frank L. Bowman (1879–1936), US-amerikanischer Politiker

Frank Bowman


La  édition de Milan-San Remo a lieu le  sur une distance de  en Italie, entre Milan et Sanremo. Elle fait partie du calendrier UCI World Tour 2022 en catégorie 1.UWT.

Le Slovène Matej Mohorič (Bahrain Victorious) s'est imposé en solitaire après une attaque dans la descente du Poggio à moins de 5 kilomètres de l'arrivée. Le Français Anthony Turgis (Team TotalEnergies), qui a attaqué dans le dernier kilomètre pour tenter de combler l'écart avec Mohorič, prend la deuxième place devant le groupe des favoris, où Mathieu van der Poel décroche la troisième place (Alpecin-Fenix).

Présentation

Parcours
Le départ qui avait été donné au Château des Sforza est de nouveau organisé au célèbre vélodrome Maspes-Vigorelli de Milan. Le Passo del Turchino qui fait son retour cette année est le seul changement de cette édition 2022.

Les côtes ou capi de cette édition 2022 sont :
 le Passo del Turchino après 149,2 km soit à 143,8 km de l'arrivée,
 le Capo Mele après 235,7 km soit à 57,3 km de l'arrivée,
 le Capo Cervo après 241,5 km soit à 51,5 km de l'arrivée,
 le Capo Berta après 254,2 km soit à 38,8 km de l'arrivée,
 la Cipressa – 5,6 km à 4,1 % - après 271,4 km soit à 21,6 km de l'arrivée,
 le Poggio di San Remo – 3,7 km à 4 %, pente maximale à 8 % - après 287,5 km soit à 5,5 km de l'arrivée.

Équipes
Milan-San Remo figurant au calendrier du World Tour, les 18 UCI WorldTeams sont présentes, auxquelles il faut ajouter 6 UCI ProTeams invitées.

Principaux favoris
Récent vainqueur des trois courses auxquelles il a participé depuis le début de la saison 2022 (Tour des Émirats arabes unis, Strade Bianche et Tirreno Adriatico), le Slovène Tadej Pogačar (UAE Emirates) est l'homme en forme et le grand favori de cette classique.

Le Belge Wout van Aert (Jumbo Visma) qui a servi d'équipier de luxe à Primož Roglič et obtenu le maillot vert lors du récent Paris-Nice fait aussi figure de favori tout comme Roglič lui-même. La classique italienne voit aussi le retour du Néerlandais Mathieu van der Poel (Alpecin Fenix), aligné in extremis alors qu'il devait initialement reprendre la compétition la semaine suivante.

Si la victoire doit se jouer au sprint, Jasper Philipsen (Alpecin Fenix), Fabio Jakobsen (Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl), Alexander Kristoff (vainqueur en 2014), Giacomo Nizzolo (Israel Premier Tech), Peter Sagan (TotalEnergies) et Arnaud Démare (Groupama FDJ) sont les noms les plus souvent cités. Parmi les outsiders, les noms de Mads Pedersen (Trek Segafredo), Matej Mohorič et Damiano Caruso (Bahrain Victorious), Alessandro Covi (UAE Emirates), Tom Pidcock et Michal Kwiatkowski (Ineos Grenadiers) sont aussi avancés.

Autre favori, le champion du monde français Julian Alaphilippe (Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl) ne s'alignera pas sur la course en raison d'une bronchite. Pas plus que Jasper Stuyven (Trek Segafredo), le vainqueur de la dernière édition ni Caleb Ewan (Lotto Soudal) aussi malades.

Récit de la course
Dès le début de la course, une échappée de huit hommes prend de l'avance sur le peloton. Ces huit coureurs sont les Italiens Alessandro Tonelli (Bardiani), Samuele Rivi (Eolo-Kometa), Filippo Tagliani (Androni-Sidermec) et Filippo Conca (Lotto Soudal), les Espagnols Diego Pablo Sevilla (Eolo-Kometa) et Ricardo Zurita (Androni-Sidermec) et les Kazakhs Yevgeniy Gidich et Artyom Zakharov (Astana). L'écart avec le peloton monte jusqu'à 6 minutes. En fin de course, les échappés sont progressivement repris. Les deux derniers fuyards (Tonelli et Rivi) sont dépassés par l'avant-garde du peloton au début de l'ascension du Poggio à un peu moins de 9 kilomètres de l'arrivée.

Dans cette montée du Poggio, le Slovène Tadej Pogačar (UAE Emirates) tente à trois reprises de lâcher ses adversaires puis le Danois Søren Kragh Andersen (Team DSM) essaie aussi mais en vain, le Belge Wout van Aert (Jumbo Visma) et le Néerlandais  Mathieu van der Poel (Alpecin Fenix) revenant chaque fois sur l'attaquant. Et c'est un groupe d'une bonne quinzaine d'hommes en file indienne qui bascule en tête pour la descente. Le Slovène Matej Mohorič (Bahrain Victorious) se porte alors en tête du groupe puis, grâce à une descente rapide et risquée, creuse un écart de quelques secondes sur ses poursuivants. Dans la partie finale, il parvient à conserver un espace suffisant pour franchir la ligne d'arrivée en vainqueur devant le Français Anthony Turgis (TotalEnergies) sorti du groupe des poursuivants.

Avec une moyenne horaire de 45,33 km/h, il s'agit de la troisiéme édition la plus rapide de l'histoire après celles de 1990 et de 2023.

Classements

Classement de la course

Classement UCI
La course attribue des points au Classement mondial UCI 2022 selon le barème suivant :

Liste des participants

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Site officiel

2022
Cyclisme en Italie en 2022
Cyclisme sur route en 2022
Cyclisme en mars 2022

Milan-San Remo 2022