Argelander ist ein Einschlagkrater auf der Mondvorderseite, östlich des Mare Nubium, nördlich des Kraters Airy und südlich von Vogel. Der Krater ist vor allem im Süden und Westen sehr stark erodiert.

Der Krater wurde 1935 von der IAU nach dem deutschen Astronomen Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Argelander auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Argelander (Mondkrater)


El chotacabras guatemalteco, chotacabra yucateca, tapacamino huil o tapacaminos yucateco  (Antrostomus badius) es una especie de ave caprimulgiforme de la familia Caprimulgidae. Su área de distribución incluye México, Guatemala, Belice, Nicaragua (ocasionalmente) y posiblemente Honduras. Su hábitat consiste de bosque seco subtropical y tropical. No tiene subespecies reconocidas.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

badius
Aves de América Central
Animales descritos en 1908

Antrostomus badius


Tuapa er en landsby i Niue. I 2001 havde landsbyen et befolkningstal på 129. I 2011 var dette tal faldet til 97.

Tuapa ligger mellem landsbyerne Makefu og Namukulu .

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officiel hjemmeside

Byer i Oceanien
Niues geografi

Tuapa


Baron Friedrich Eduard Georg O'Byrn (* 10. August 1864 in Dresden; † 1. Juli 1942 Hosterwitz bei Dresden) war ein sächsischer Generalmajor und Kabinettschef.

Leben
Die Familie O'Byrn entstammte dem irischen Uradel. Als Katholiken und Anhänger der Jakobiten war sein Ururgroßvater Johann Jakob O'Byrn, in den 1720er Jahren nach Sachsen ausgewandert. Dieser und dessen Nachfahren machten beim kurfürstlich- bzw. königlich-sächsischen Militär Karriere, übten verschiedenen Staatsämter aus und erwarben sich ein hohes Ansehen. Familiär verzweigten sie sich unter anderem mit den Familien Karl von Amira und Bernhard von Lindenau. Georg war ein Sohn des sächsischen Generalleutnants Johann Nepomuk O'Byrn (1829–1909) und dessen Ehefrau Johanna Maria, geborene von Treitschke (1833–1913), Schwester des Historikers Heinrich von Treitschke.

O'Byrn trat 1884 als Offizieranwärter in das 2. Grenadier-Regiment "Kaiser Wilhelm, König von Preußen" Nr. 101 der Sächsischen Armee ein. Im weiteren Verlauf seiner Militärkarriere war er als Major (seit 21. September 1907) Flügeladjutant von König Friedrich August III. sowie Militärgouverneur der Prinzen Friedrich Christian und Ernst Heinrich. Nach Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs verblieb er bis 1921 im Dienst und wurde dann als Generalmajor verabschiedet. Für seine Verdienste erhielt O'Byrn u. a. den Hausorden der Rautenkrone.

1899 heiratete O'Byrn in Dresden Maximiliane Marie Gabriele von der Planitz (1874–1954), eine Tochter des sächsischen Kriegsministers Paul von der Planitz. Die Ehe blieb kinderlos. Er verstarb am 1. Juli 1942 in Dresden und wurde auf dem Alten Katholischen Friedhof beigesetzt. Der Dresdner Bildhauer Georg Wrba schuf eine Bronzebüste für sein Grabmal. O'Byrns Grabstätte steht unter Denkmalschutz.

Eintragungen im Sächsischen Adelsbuch
 Bescheid des königlich-sächsischen Ministeriums des Innern, Dresden, 21. April 1904: Aufnahme der Familie O'Byrn in das sächsische Adelsbuch.
 Bescheid des königlich-sächsischen Ministeriums des Innern, Dresden, 12. August 1904: Aufnahme der Familie O'Byrn in das sächsische Adelsbuch.
 Bescheinigung über die Trauung von Friedrich Konstantin Wenzeslaus O'Byrn und Laura Klara von Ziegesar, Dresden, 18. Oktober 1902.
 Bescheinigung über die Taufen von Friedrich August, Alfred Karl und Johann Nepomuk O'Byrn, Dresden, 15. April 1847.
 Bescheinigung über die Trauung Johann Nepomuk und Johanna Maria O'Byrn, Dresden, 4. Oktober 1895.
 Taufschein Friedrich Eduard Georg O'Byrn, 29. September 1900.
 Taufzeugnis Johann Jakob O'Byrn, Dresden, 28. September 1875.
 Trauschein Friedrich Eduard Georg O'Byrn und Maximiliane von der Planitz, Dresden, 18. Oktober 1902.
 Beglaubigte Abschrift aus dem Adelsbuch für das Königreich Sachsen, Dresden, 11. August 1904.
 Bescheid des königlich-sächsischen Ministeriums des Innern, Dresden, 8. Juli 1905: Aufnahme der Familie O'Byrn in das sächsische Adelsbuch.
 Sterbeurkunde Johanna Maria O'Byrn, Dresden, 14. März 1913.
(Wiedergabe gemäß dem Familiennachlass im Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden)

Schriften
 Zur Erinnerung an die 250-jährige Gründung der sächsischen Grenadierbrigade. Dresden 1920.
 Die Feierlichkeiten in Dresden am 22. und 23. Februar 1932. [Manuskript] Dresden 1932.
(Wiedergabe gemäß dem Familiennachlass im Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden)

Literatur
 Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Freiherrlichen Häuser. 1921. Justus Perthes, Gotha 1920, S. 648 f.

Weblinks
 Georg O'Byrn im Stadtwiki Dresden

Einzelnachweise

Generalmajor (Sachsen)
Person im Ersten Weltkrieg (Deutsches Reich)
Ritter des Hausordens der Rautenkrone
Person (Dresden)
Freiherr
Deutscher
Geboren 1864
Gestorben 1942
Mann

Georg O’Byrn


Les Prix Marca du football espagnol (en espagnol Premios Marca del Fútbol) sont les récompenses officielles décernées par le journal Marca en partenaire avec LaLiga en Espagne. Les prix sont décernées pour les meilleurs joueurs et entraîneurs du championnat d'Espagne de première et deuxième division.

Palmarès
La présidente de la Communauté de Madrid, Esperanza Aguirre, préside la cérémonie de remise des prix organisée par le journal Marca qui s'est déroulée le 6 octobre 2008.

Lionel Messi est le joueur ayant reçu le plus de distinctions (16) dont les prix de Trophée Alfredo Di Stéfano et Pichichi.

Années 2000

Saison 2007-08

Saison 2008-09

Saison 2009-10

Années 2010

Saison 2010-11

Saison 2011-12

Saison 2012-13

Saison 2013-14

Saison 2014-15

Saison 2015-16

Saison 2016-17

Saison 2017-18

Saison 2018-19

Saison 2019-20

Années 2020

Saison 2020-21

Saison 2021-22

Articles connexes

 Trophée Pichichi
 Trophée Zamora
 Trophée Alfredo Di Stéfano
 Trophée Zarra
 Trophée Miguel Muñoz
 Championnat d'Espagne de football

Notes et références

Football en Espagne

Prix Marca


Mathias Flückiger (Berna, 27 de setembro de 1988) é um ciclista suíço.

Em 2010, ganhou o mundial júnior do Campeonato Mundial de Ciclismo de Montanha e, em 2017, voltou a ser campeão já como profissional no revezamento de equipe. Conquistou a prata no cross-country nos Jogos Olímpicos de 2020. Seu irmão Lukas Flückiger também é um renomado ciclista.

Ciclistas olímpicos da Suíça
Ciclistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Mathias Flückiger


Una mujer llamada Golda (en inglés A Woman Called Golda) es una miniserie norteamericana de cuatro capítulos de una hora. La serie narra la vida de la ex primera ministra de Israel Golda Meir. Ingrid Bergman encarna la figura de la política judía en el que sería su último trabajo antes de su muerte, en agosto de 1982. Ese año, a título póstumo, consiguió un premio Emmy por el papel en esta serie, que a su vez obtuvo el galardón al mejor programa especial.

Argumento

Una mujer llamada Golda se inicia con una conferencia de la protagonista en 1977 a los alumnos de la Universidad de Milwaukee, lugar donde había estudiado en su juventud. Retrospectivamente, la narración repasa los capítulos más importantes de la vida de Meir: su infancia en Kiev y emigración a Estados Unidos, su boda con Morris Mayerson, su emigración a un kibutz (explotación colectiva) de Palestina, sus relaciones con Ehud Avriel, su incursión en la vida política y diplomática, la proclamación del Estado de Israel, su etapa de ministra de Asuntos Exteriores y, por último, su llegada a la jefatura del Gobierno de Israel. El programa se esfuerza en mostrar una imagen de Golda Meir marcada por su perfil de mujer de fuerte personalidad, dotada del temperamento y la ductilidad necesarios para abordar los difíciles trabajos diplomáticos que hubo de realizar, en un ambiente dominado por hombres.

Hablar de Golda Meir es sacar a relucir la causa sionista y, con ello, abrir susceptibilidades. Los guionistas, Harold Gast y Steven Gethers, intentaron colocarse al margen de polémicas ajustándose a la realidad histórica.

Sin embargo, algunas simplificaciones (señaladas por las críticas del estreno en Estados Unidos) chispean en el trenzado de la narración, quizá motivadas por los imperativos del medio (una excesiva matización de los acontecimientos puede provocar la confusión del telespectador). Tales observaciones se refieren, por ejemplo, al tratamiento dado a los conflictos con los árabes y a las relaciones iniciales y posteriores con la Unión Soviética.

Curiosidades

Con un costo de cuatro millones de dólares, "Una mujer llamada Golda" rescató para la actividad televisiva a la actriz Ingrid Bergman, que poseía un premio Emmy por su interpretación en Otra vuelta de tuerca, de la NBC, en 1959.La actriz sueca continuaba trabajando a pesar de un cáncer que se le había descubierto hacía años y contra el que luchaba, tras dos operaciones. En un principio, el papel de Golda Meir parecía difícil de encajar en una mujer como Ingrid Bergman, de gran estatura y de poco parecido físico con la israelí.

El maquillaje hizo un efecto espectacular y la actriz estudió detenidamente todos los gestos y la pronunciación de Golda Meir. En unas declaraciones a la televisión británica dijo que encontraba muchas cosas en común, como ser humano y como mujer, entre ambas, en todo aquello referente a las actitudes ante los acontecimientos y en el valor que cada una otorgaba al trabajo que realizaba.

En el curso de esa misma entrevista, Ingrid Bergman reconoció su satisfacción por la serie Una mujer llamada Golda, hasta el punto de considerarla su mejor epitafio. A la pregunta de si tenía miedo del futuro respondió, en sintonía con su reciente simbiosis interpretativa y parafraseando unas palabras de Meir, que lo único que temía era vivir demasiado tiempo.

El programa televisivo acabó por ser la obra póstuma de una actriz que convulsionó los ambientes de Hollywood y llegó a ocupar un lugar glorioso en la historia de la interpreptación cinematográfica.

El productor ejecutivo de la serie, Harve Bennet (artífice de El hombre de los seis millones de dólares y La mujer biónica), a las órdenes de la Paramount, se encargó de controlar este programa bajo los auspicios de la llamada Operation Prime Time, una red financiera de programas que se encarga de canalizarlos por un circuito ajeno al de las tres grandes cadenas, distribuyendo los títulos por un grupo de emisoras independientes y afiliadas que cubren el 90% de la población estadounidense.

Enlaces externos

 Artículo de El País

 Ficha en Filmaffinity

 Ficha en IMDb

Películas ambientadas en Israel
Películas políticas de Estados Unidos
Representaciones culturales de David Ben-Gurión
Representaciones culturales de Golda Meir
Representaciones culturales de Anwar el-Sadat

Una mujer llamada Golda


O desastre do estádio Kanjuruhan ocorreu durante uma partida de futebol no estádio Kanjuruhan, em Malangue, Java Oriental, Indonésia, em 1º de outubro de 2022. Após uma partida entre o Arema FC e o Persebaya Surabaya, os torcedores do Arema, depois que seu time perdeu, invadiram o campo e se revoltaram, atacando a polícia e os jogadores do Persebaya. Em resposta, as unidades da polícia de choque usaram gás lacrimogêneo, que permaneceram presos dentro do estádio desencadeando um pisoteamento quando os desordeiros e torcedores começaram a se asfixiar pelo gás. Pelo menos 130 morreram no incidente, com centenas de feridos. O incidente é o desastre mais mortal relacionado ao futebol na Ásia, bem como o segundo mais mortal em todo o mundo, superado apenas pela tragédia de Lima.

Antecedentes
A violência no futebol tem uma longa história na Indonésia, com dezenas de torcedores sendo mortos desde a década de 1990. Vários fã clubes de times têm os chamados "comandantes", e unidades da polícia de choque estão presentes em muitas partidas com sinalizadores sendo usados frequentemente para dispersar multidões que invadem o campo. Em 2018, distúrbios em Kanjuruhan após uma partida entre o Arema FC de Malangue e o Persib Bandung resultaram em uma fatalidade depois que a polícia de choque usou gás lacrimogêneo para dispersar a multidão. Embora os regulamentos da FIFA (19b) declarassem a consideração de não usar gás lacrimogêneo e armas de fogo em estádios para comissários de campo ou policiais, é usado por unidades de choque da polícia indonésia que fazem a segurança de partidas de futebol.

Arema e Persebaya Surabaya, clubes rivais de longa data no Super East Java Derby, estavam programados para jogar uma partida da temporada regular da Liga 1 no estádio Kanjuruhan, com capacidade para 42 000 espectadores, em 1º de outubro. Devido a preocupações de segurança, a polícia solicitou que a partida fosse realizada no início da tarde em vez de às 20h30 hora local (13h30 UTC), e que apenas 38 000 pessoas pudessem assistir; no entanto, o pedido não foi aceito pelos dirigentes da Liga 1 e 42 000 ingressos foram impressos. Seguindo o conselho da polícia, no entanto, os ingressos para a partida não foram fornecidos para os torcedores do Persebaya.

Desastre
Durante toda a partida, a situação de segurança foi tranquila, sem grandes incidentes. Após o final da partida, na qual o Persebaya venceu por 3 a 2, aproximadamente 3 000 torcedores do Arema FC invadiram o campo.

Os torcedores do Arema, apelidados de Aremania, jogaram objetos, danificaram viaturas policiais e iniciaram incêndios no estádio. Os jogadores do Persebaya foram forçados a se esconder dentro de veículos blindados da polícia por uma hora antes de poderem deixar o estádio. A polícia respondeu usando gás lacrimogêneo na tentativa de dispersar a Aremania. Além disso, gás lacrimogêneo foi disparado não apenas contra os manifestantes em campo, mas também na arquibancada, que estava cheia de gente. A situação na arquibancada se agravou após o uso de gás lacrimogêneo, pois as condições do vento prenderam o gás lacrimogêneo no estádio, asfixiando os torcedores do Arema FC invadindo o campo. De acordo com relatos da polícia, o gás lacrimogêneo fez com que os torcedores do Arema corressem para o único ponto de saída, resultando em esmagamento e mais asfixia.

Imediatamente após os tumultos, o saguão dos jogadores e vestiários foram usados como postos de evacuação improvisados, com jogadores e oficiais do Arema ajudando a evacuar as vítimas ainda no estádio antes que as vítimas fossem levadas aos hospitais por ambulâncias e caminhões do Exército Indonésio.

Rescaldo
O Escritório de Saúde da Regência de Malangue informou que 182 pessoas foram mortas no incidente. Entre as vítimas confirmadas de relatórios policiais estão pelo menos 129 torcedores do Arema FC e 2 policiais (Primeiro Brigadeiro de Polícia Fajar Yoyok Pujiono e Brigadeiro de Polícia Andik Purwanto). Menores de idade, principalmente de 12 a 17 anos, também estão incluídos nas vítimas, com 17 mortos e 7 feridos. Espera-se que o número aumente ainda mais, pois algumas das vítimas sendo tratadas estavam "se deteriorando". Entre as vítimas fatais, 34 morreram dentro do estádio, enquanto o restante morreu enquanto recebia tratamento médico. O número de vítimas feridas é estimado em 180 ou 190 pessoas. O governo municipal de Malangue pagou pelo tratamento médico das vítimas. O desastre é o segundo mais mortal na história do futebol em todo o mundo, após o desastre do Estádio Nacional de 1964 no Peru, que matou 328 pessoas. É também o mais mortal na Ásia e na Indonésia.

Como resultado do incidente, todos os jogos da Liga 1 foram suspensos por uma semana. A Associação de Futebol da Indonésia anunciou a proibição de jogos em casa para o Arema pelo resto da temporada. O presidente Joko Widodo posteriormente instruiu a associação a suspender todos os jogos da Liga 1 até que toda "avaliação de melhoria dos procedimentos de segurança" seja realizada.

A Comissão Nacional de Direitos Humanos da Indonésia investigará o incidente e o uso de gás lacrimogêneo pela polícia.

Controvérsias no futebol
Desastres em estádios
Desastres provocados pelo homem na Indonésia
2022 na Indonésia
Pisoteamentos e debandadas

Desastre do estádio Kanjuruhan


Petra Felke (Saalfeld/Saale, Njemačka, 30. srpnja 1959.) je bivša istočno njemačka bacačica koplja i olimpijska pobjednica u ovoj atletskoj disciplini.

Karijera
Petra je trenirala ovaj sport zajedno s proslavljenom njemačkom bacačicom koplja Ruth Fuchs u sportskom kolektivu SC Motor Jena. Budući da je Ruthina sportska karijera bila na zalasku, Felke je postala njezina nasljednica. Na nacionalnom atletskom prvenstvu 1978. godine bila je treća a njezini uspjesi počeli su rasti. Tako je 1981. pobijedila na ljetnoj Univerzijadi održanoj u Bukureštu.

Svoj prvi svjetski rekord Petra Felke postavila je 4. lipnja 1985. na turniru u Schwerinu kada je ostvarila hitac od 75,26 metara. Istog dana je nadmašila taj rekord bacivši 75,40 m. Novi svjetski rekord postignula je 29. srpnja 1987. u Leipzigu (78,9 m).

1986. godine bila je srebrna na europskom prvenstvu u Stuttgartu a godinu potom i na svjetskom u Rimu. Uoči Olimpijade u Seulu, Petra je 9. rujna 1988. postala prva žena koja je bacila koplje dalje od 80 metara. Tehnički, postavila je novi svjetski rekord koji je iznosio točno 80 metara. Razlog tome su tadašnja pravila koja su diktirala pravilo da se mjerenja moraju zaokružiti na najmanje 2 cm pa je (s današnje točke gledišta) gotovo sigurno da je Njemica bacila preko 80 metara.

Najveći trenutak karijere Petra Felke je ostvarila na olimpijskim igrama u Seulu gdje je postala olimpijska pobjednica.

Na europskom atletskom prvenstvu u Splitu osvojila je broncu dok je svoje drugo svjetsko srebro ostvarila 1991. u Tokiju.

Ujedinjenjem Istočne i Zapadne Njemačke otkrivene su arhive Stasija koje su otkrile istočnonjemački državni projekt sustavnog dopingiranja sportaša poznatog pod nazivom "Državni plan 14.25". Među sportašima koji su navodno koristili nedopuštena sredstva su seulski pobjednici Jürgen Schult, Martina Hellmann, Petra Felke i Ulf Timmermann.

Izvori

Vanjski izvori
 Sportski rezultati bacačice koplja Felke

Bacači koplja
Olimpijski pobjednici u atletici

Petra Felke


Pangaimotu es una isla del grupo Vava'u de Tonga. Se puede llegar a ella en un viaje en barco de 5 minutos desde Neiafu, la capital de Vava'u. La población es de 696 habitantes.

Referencias

Archipiélagos e islas de Tonga
Vava'u

Pangaimotu


Magma Design Automation was a software company in the electronic design automation (EDA) industry. The company was founded in 1997 and maintained headquarters in San Jose, California, with facilities throughout North America, Europe and Asia. Magma software products were used in major elements of integrated circuit design, including: synthesis, placement, routing, power management, circuit simulation, verification and analog/mixed-signal design.

Magma was acquired by Synopsys in a merger finalized February 22, 2012 at a cash value of about $523 million, or $7.35 per share.

History
Magma was founded in 1997 by a team including Rajeev Madhavan, who served as chairman, CEO and president from the company's inception. The company initially competed primarily with Cadence and Avanti Corporation in physical design but eventually broadened its product portfolio and competed with all three of the largest established EDA companies: Cadence, Mentor Graphics and Synopsys. Magma had a particularly strong presence in the convergence device segment through key customers such as Qualcomm, Broadcom and Texas Instruments. In 2001 Roy Jewell joined Magma as chief operating officer and later that year added the title of president.

Magma completed an initial public offering on Nasdaq, under the ticker symbol LAVA, on November 20, 2001 — the last EDA company to go public — and achieved its peak annual revenue of $214.4 million in its 2008 fiscal year. Magma was the fourth largest EDA company by revenue.

In 2002 Magma was named to the Red Herring 100 for innovation and business strategy. In 2005 Forbes ranked Magma No. 2 on its list of fastest-growing technology companies.

Key Products and Applications
Talus: Digital chip implementation.
Tekton: Static timing analysis.
Titan: Analog/mixed-signal design.
FineSim SPICE: Circuit simulation.
SiliconSmart: Library Characterization.
Quartz DRC and Quartz LVS: Physical verification.

Magma software was used to design chips for cell phones, networking, automotive products, electronic games, portable music players and digital media.

Companies Acquired
Magma acquired about a dozen companies during its existence, among them Moscape (2000), Silicon Metrics (2003), Mojave (2004), Knights Technology (2006), ACAD Corp. (2006)  and Sabio Labs (2008).

Patent Dispute
Magma was involved in a legal dispute with Synopsys beginning in September 2004, when Synopsys sued Magma for allegedly infringing two patents. Claims and counter-claims accelerated, resulting in separate court cases in California and Delaware, and a number of disputed patents. On March 29, 2007, Magma and Synopsys announced the companies had agreed to settle all pending litigation between them. As part of the settlement Magma made a $12.5 million payment to Synopsys and each company cross-licensed four previously disputed patents to the other.

Synopsys Acquisition
On November 30, 2011, Magma and Synopsys announced they had entered into a definitive agreement by which Synopsys would buy Magma for $507 million US$. The merger was finalized on February 22, 2012, with cash value of the transaction at about $523 million, or $7.35 per Magma share.

Key people
Rajeev Madhavan, chairman of the board and chief executive officer

References

External links
Magma homepage

Electronic design automation companies
Companies based in San Jose, California
Companies established in 1997

Magma Design Automation


The Gerald R. Ford-class nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are currently being constructed for the United States Navy, which intends to eventually acquire ten of these ships in order to replace current carriers on a one-for-one basis, starting with the lead ship of her class,  (CVN-78), replacing , and later the  carriers. The new vessels have a hull similar to the Nimitz class, but they carry technologies since developed with the CVN(X)/CVN-21 program, such as the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS), as well as other design features intended to improve efficiency and reduce operating costs, including sailing with smaller crews. This class of aircraft carriers is named after former U.S. President Gerald R. Ford. CVN-78 was procured in 2008 and commissioned into service on 22 July 2017. The second ship of the class, , is scheduled to enter service in 2025.

Design features
Carriers of the Gerald R. Ford class have:
 Advanced Arresting Gear.
 Automation, allowing a crew of several hundred fewer than the Nimitz-class carrier.
 The updated RIM-162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missile.
 An AN/SPY-3 X Band multifunction radar and an AN/SPY-4 S Band volume search radar. Designated together as Dual Band Radar (DBR), initially developed for the s. Starting with John F. Kennedy (CVN-79), the AN/SPY-6 will replace the AN/SPY-4 as the volume search component of the system.
 An Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) in place of traditional steam catapults for launching aircraft.
 A new nuclear reactor design (the A1B reactor) for greater power generation.
 Stealth features to reduce radar cross-section.
 The ability to carry up to 90 aircraft, including the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Boeing EA-18G Growler, Grumman C-2 Greyhound, Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye, Lockheed Martin F-35C Lightning II, Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk helicopters, and unmanned combat aerial vehicles.

The biggest visible difference from earlier supercarriers is the more aft location of the island (superstructure). The Gerald R. Ford-class carriers will have a reduced whole-life cost due in part to reduced crew size. These ships are intended to sustain 160 sorties per day for 30-plus days, with a surge capability of 270 sorties per day. Director of Operational Testing Michael Gilmore has criticized the assumptions used in these forecasts as unrealistic and has indicated sortie rates similar to the 120/240 per day of the Nimitz class would be acceptable.

Development

The current  in US naval service have been part of United States power projection strategy since Nimitz was commissioned in 1975. Displacing about 100,000 tons when fully loaded, a Nimitz-class carrier can steam in excess of , cruise without resupply for 90 days, and launch aircraft to strike targets hundreds of miles away. The endurance of the Nimitz class is exemplified by , which spent 159 days underway during Operation Enduring Freedom without visiting a port or being refueled.

The Nimitz design has accommodated many new technologies over the decades, but it has limited ability to support the most recent technical advances. As a 2005 Rand report said, "The biggest problems facing the Nimitz class are the limited electrical power generation capability and the upgrade-driven increase in ship weight and erosion of the center-of-gravity margin needed to maintain ship stability."

With these constraints in mind, the US Navy developed what was initially known as the CVN-21 program, which evolved into CVN-78, Gerald R. Ford. Improvements were made through developing technologies and more efficient design. Major design changes include a larger flight deck, improvements in weapons and material handling, a new propulsion plant design that requires fewer people to operate and maintain, and a new, smaller island that has been pushed aft. Technological advances in electromagnetics have led to the development of an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) and an Advanced Arresting Gear (AAG). An integrated warfare system, the Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS), has been developed to allow the ship to more easily take on new missions. The new Dual Band Radar (DBR) combines S-band and X-band radar.

These advances will allow the new Gerald R. Ford-class carriers to launch 25% more sorties, generate triple the electrical power with improved efficiency, and offer crew quality-of-life improvements.

Flight deck

Catapult No. 4 on the Nimitz class cannot launch fully loaded aircraft because of low wing clearance along the edge of the flight deck.

The movement of weapons from storage and assembly to the aircraft on the flight deck has also been streamlined and accelerated. Ordnance will be lifted to the centralized rearming location via higher-capacity weapons elevators that use linear motors. These elevators are located so that ordnance need not cross any areas of aircraft movement, thereby reducing traffic problems in the hangars and on the flight deck. In 2008, Rear Admiral Dennis M. Dwyer said these changes will make it hypothetically possible to rearm the airplanes in "minutes instead of hours".

Power generation
The new Bechtel A1B reactor for the Gerald R. Ford class is smaller and simpler, requires fewer crew, and yet is far more powerful than the Nimitz-class A4W reactor. Two reactors will be installed on each Gerald R. Ford-class carrier, providing a power generation capacity at least 25% greater than the 550 MW (thermal) of the two A4W reactors in a Nimitz-class carrier. The portion of thermal power allotted to electrical generation will be tripled.

The propulsion and power plant of the Nimitz-class carriers were designed in the 1960s, when onboard technologies required less electrical power. "New technologies added to the Nimitz-class ships have generated increased demands for electricity; the current base load leaves little margin to meet expanding demands for power."

The Gerald R. Ford-class ships convert steam into power by piping it to four main turbine generators (MTG) to generate electricity for major ship systems, and the new electromagnetic catapults. The Gerald R. Ford-class ships use steam turbines for propulsion.

A larger power output is a major component of the integrated warfare system. Engineers took extra steps to ensure that integrating unforeseen technological advances onto a Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier would be possible. The Navy expects the Gerald R. Ford class will be part of the fleet for 90 years, until the year 2105, which means that the class must successfully accept new technology over the decades. Only half of the electric power generation capacity is used by currently planned systems, with half remaining available for future technologies.

Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System

The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) launches aircraft by means of a catapult employing a linear induction motor rather than the steam piston used on the Nimitz class. The EMALS accelerates aircraft more smoothly, putting less stress on their airframes. The EMALS also weighs less, is expected to cost less and require less maintenance, and can launch both heavier and lighter aircraft than a steam piston-driven system. It also reduces the carrier's requirement for fresh water, thus reducing the demand for energy-intensive desalination.

Advanced Arresting Gear landing system

Electromagnets are also being used in the new Advanced Arresting Gear (AAG) system. The current system relies on hydraulics to slow and stop a landing aircraft. While the hydraulic system is effective, as demonstrated by more than fifty years of implementation, the AAG system offers a number of improvements. The current system is unable to capture unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) without damaging them due to extreme stresses on the airframe. UAVs do not have the necessary mass to drive the large hydraulic piston used to trap heavier, manned airplanes. By using electromagnetics, the energy absorption is controlled by a turbo-electric engine. This makes the trap smoother and reduces shock on airframes. Even though the system will look the same from the flight deck as its predecessor, it will be more flexible, safe, and reliable, and will require less maintenance and manning.

Sensors and self-defense systems

Another addition to the Gerald R. Ford class is an integrated active electronically scanned array search and tracking radar system. The dual-band radar (DBR) was being developed for both the Zumwalt-class guided missile destroyers and the Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers by Raytheon. The island can be kept smaller by replacing six to ten radar antennas with a single six-faced radar. The DBR works by combining the X band AN/SPY-3 multifunction radar with the S band Volume Search Radar (VSR) emitters, distributed into three phased arrays. The S-band radar was later deleted from the Zumwalt-class destroyers to save money.

The three faces dedicated to the X-band radar handle low-altitude tracking and radar illumination, while the three S-band faces handle target search and tracking regardless of weather. "Operating simultaneously over two electromagnetic frequency ranges, the DBR marks the first time this functionality has been achieved using two frequencies coordinated by a single resource manager."

This new system has no moving parts, therefore minimizing maintenance and manning requirements for operation. The AN/SPY-3 consists of three active arrays and the Receiver/Exciter (REX) cabinets above-decks and the Signal and Data Processor (SDP) subsystem below-decks. The VSR has a similar architecture, with the beamforming and narrowband down-conversion functionality occurring in two additional cabinets per array. A central controller (the resource manager) resides in the Data Processor (DP). The DBR is the first radar system that uses a central controller and two active-array radars operating at different frequencies. The DBR gets its power from the Common Array Power System (CAPS), which comprises Power Conversion Units (PCUs) and Power Distribution Units (PDUs). The DBR is cooled via a closed-loop cooling system called the Common Array Cooling System (CACS).

The Enterprise Air Surveillance Radar (EASR) is a new design surveillance radar that is to be installed in the second Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier, , in lieu of the Dual Band radar. The s starting with LHA-8 and the planned LX(R) will also have this radar. The EASR suite's initial per-unit cost will be about $180 million less than the DBR, for which the estimate is about $500 million.

Possible upgrades
Future defense systems, such as free-electron laser directed-energy weapons, electric armor, and tracking systems will require more power. "Only half of the electrical power-generation capability on CVN-78 is needed to run currently planned systems, including EMALS. CVN-78 will thus have the power reserves that the Nimitz class lacks to run lasers and electric armor." The addition of new technologies, power systems, design layout, and better control systems results in an increased sortie rate of 25% over the Nimitz class and a 25% reduction in manpower required to operate.

Waste management technology will be deployed on Gerald R. Ford. Co-developed with the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, PyroGenesis Canada Inc., was in 2008 awarded the contract to outfit the ship with a Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS). This compact system will treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. After having completed factory acceptance testing in Montreal, the system was scheduled to be shipped to the Huntington Ingalls shipyard in late 2011 for installation on the carrier.

The Navy is developing a free-electron laser (FEL) to defend against cruise missiles and small-boat swarms.

3D computer-aided design
Newport News Shipbuilding used a full-scale three-dimensional product model developed in Dassault Systèmes CATIA V5 to design and plan the construction of the Gerald R. Ford class of aircraft carriers.

The CVN 78 class was designed to have better weapons movement paths, largely eliminating horizontal movements within the ship. Current plans call for advanced weapons elevators to move from storage areas to dedicated weapons handling areas. Sailors would use motorized carts to move the weapons from storage to the elevators at different levels of the weapons magazines. Linear motors are being considered for the advanced weapons elevators. The elevators will also be relocated such that they will not impede aircraft operations on the flight deck. The redesign of the weapons movement paths and the location of the weapons elevators on the flight deck will reduce manpower and contribute to a much higher sortie generation rate.

Planned aircraft complement
The Gerald R. Ford class is designed to accommodate the new Joint Strike Fighter carrier variant aircraft (F-35C), but aircraft development and testing delays have affected integration activities on CVN-78. These integration activities include testing the F-35C with CVN-78's EMALS and advanced arresting gear system and testing the ship's storage capabilities for the F-35C's lithium-ion batteries, tires, and wheels. As a result of F-35C developmental delays, the US Navy will not field the aircraft until at least 2018—one year after CVN-78 delivery. As a result, the Navy has deferred critical F-35C integration activities, which introduces a risk of system incompatibilities and costly retrofits to the ship after it is delivered to the Navy.

Crew accommodations

Systems that reduce crew workload have allowed the ship's company on Gerald R. Ford-class carriers to total only 2,600 sailors, about 700 fewer than a Nimitz-class carrier. The massive, 180-man berthing areas on the Nimitz class are replaced by 40-rack berthing areas on Gerald R. Ford-class carriers. The smaller berthings are quieter and the layout requires less foot traffic through other spaces. Typically the racks are stacked three high, with locker space per person. The berthings do not feature modern "sit-up" racks with more headroom; bottom and middle racks only accommodate a sailor lying down. Each berthing has an associated head, including showers, vacuum-powered septic-system toilets (no urinals since the berthings are built gender-neutral) and sinks to reduce travel and traffic to access those facilities. WiFi-enabled lounges are located across the passageway in separate spaces from the berthing's racks.

Since deployment, the first two carriers of the class have run into problems with the plumbing of the waste system. The pipes were too narrow to handle the load of users, resulting in the vacuum failing and repeatedly clogged toilets. To alleviate the problem, specialized acidic cleaning solutions have been used to flush out the sewage system. These cleaning treatments cost about $400,000 each time, resulting in a substantial unplanned increase in the lifetime expense of operating these ships according to the GAO. These cleanings will have to be performed for the lifetime of the ship.

Medical facilities
Gerald R. Ford, first in the class, has an on-board hospital that includes a full laboratory, pharmacy, operating room, 3-bed intensive care unit, 2-bed emergency room, and 41-bed hospital ward, staffed by 11 medical officers and 30 hospital corpsmen.

Construction

Construction of the first vessel in the class, CVN-78 Gerald R. Ford, officially began on 11 August 2005, when Northrop Grumman held a ceremonial steel cut for a 15-ton plate that would form part of a side shell unit of the carrier, but construction began in earnest in early 2007. The carrier was assembled at Newport News Shipbuilding, a division of Huntington Ingalls Industries (formerly Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding) in Newport News, Virginia. This is the only shipyard in the United States that can build nuclear-powered aircraft carriers.

In 2005, Gerald R. Ford was estimated to cost at least $13 billion: $5 billion for research and development plus $8 billion to build. A 2009 report raised the estimate to $14 billion, including $9 billion for construction. In 2013, the life-cycle cost per operating day of a carrier strike group (including aircraft) was estimated at $6.5 million by the Center for New American Security.

Originally, a total of three carriers were authorized for construction, but if the Nimitz-class carriers and  were to be replaced one-for-one, 11 carriers would be required over the life of the program. The last Nimitz-class aircraft carrier is to be decommissioned in 2058.

In a speech on 6 April 2009, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced that each Gerald R. Ford-class carrier would be built over five years, yielding a "more fiscally sustainable path" and a 10-carrier fleet after 2040. That changed in December 2016, when Navy Secretary Ray Mabus signed a Force Structure Assessment calling for a 355-ship fleet with 12 aircraft carriers. If enacted, this policy would require each Gerald R. Ford-class carrier to be built in three to four years.

First-of-class type design changes
As construction of CVN-78 progressed, the shipbuilder made first-of-class type design changes, which it will use to update the model before the construction of the remaining vessels of its class. Several of these design changes related to EMALS configuration changes, which required electrical, wiring, and other changes within the ship. The Navy anticipates additional design changes stemming from remaining advanced arresting gear development and testing. According to the Navy, many of these 19,000 changes were programmed into the construction schedule early on—a result of the government's decision, at contract award, to introduce improvements to the ship's warfare systems during construction, which are heavily dependent on evolving commercial technologies.

Naming
There was a movement by the  Carrier Veterans' Association to have CVN-78 named after America rather than after President Ford. Eventually, the amphibious assault ship LHA-6 was named .

On 27 May 2011, the U.S. Department of Defense announced the name of CVN-79 would be .

On 1 December 2012, Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced that CVN-80 would be named USS Enterprise. The information was delivered during a prerecorded speech as part of the deactivation ceremony for the previous . The future  will be the ninth U.S. Navy ship to bear this name.

On 20 January 2020, during a ceremony in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Acting Secretary of the Navy Thomas B. Modly named a future Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier in honor of World War II hero Doris Miller. This will be the first aircraft carrier named for an African American, and the first aircraft carrier to be named for a sailor in the enlisted ranks. It is the second ship named in honor of Miller, who was the first African American to be awarded the Navy Cross.

Ships in class
There are expected to be ten ships of this class. To date, five have been announced:

See also

 Modern United States Navy carrier air operations
 List of aircraft carriers
 List of naval ship classes in service
 List of current United States Navy ships
 List of aircraft carrier classes of the United States Navy
 A1B reactor
 Naval aviation
 Type 003 aircraft carrier (China)
  (United Kingdom)
 PANG (France)

Notes

References

External links

 Aircraft Carriers – CVN – US Navy Fact File
 Building The Ford Class Aircraft Carriers - Newport News Shipbuilding
 Design & Preparations Continue for the USA's New CVN-21 Super-Carrier (updated), Defense Industry Daily. Provides an extensive briefing re: the new ship class, and adds entries for many of the contracts under this program.
 Gerald R. Ford Class (CVN-78) Aircraft Carrier on Navy Recognition site
 GAO Reports: Poor Outcomes Are the Predictable Consequences of the Prevalent Acquisition Culture (October 2015), Follow-On Ships Need More Frequent and Accurate Cost Estimates to Avoid Pitfalls of Lead Ship (June 2017)

Aircraft carrier classes

Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier


An Wolffia brasiliensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Hugh Algernon Weddell. An Wolffia brasiliensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Wolffia, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Wolffia

Wolffia brasiliensis


ولا عزاء للسيدات فيلم مصري تم إنتاجه عام 1979، من إخراج هنري بركات وبطولة فاتن حمامة وعزت العلايلي وجميل راتب.

تمثيل

 فاتن حمامة
 عزت العلايلي
 جميل راتب
 إنجى سليم
 حسين الشربيني
 ناهد جبر
 إبراهيم نصر
 أحمد خميس
 ليلى فهمي
 عزيزة راشد
 عبد الوارث عسر
 نعيمة وصفي
 كوثر شفيق

يحكي الفيلم قصة راوية سليم التي تلعبها الفنانة القديرة المتميزة فاتن حمامة. راوية ام لابنة تدعى دينا مطلقة منذ 3 سنوات تعمل في ارشيف إحدى الصحف المصرية التي يتراسها السيد طارق الذي يقوم بدوره الفنان جميل راتب. لراوية صديقة تدعى امل التي تقوم بدعوتها لاحدى حفلاتها حيث تتعرف ولاول مرة على السيد طارق. لبضع لحظات يتبادل الطرفان النظرات ثم يغادر تاركا راوية في حالة من السعادة إلا أن تاتي امراة (ميمي جمال) لتخبرها عن نزوات هذا الرجل المتكررة وعن زوجته التي خانته. منذ ذلك اليوم ومشاعر الحب والاشتياق تسكن في راوية حتى ياتي القدر ليجمعهم مرة أخرى امام مدخل الجريدة. يتصافحون ويتبادلون بضع كلمات. تمر الايام وياتي الشتاء حاملا معه املا ببداية حياة جديدة لراوية. في أول يوم شتاء تقرر راوية بان تمشي تحت المطر وإذا بطارق بسيارته يراها ويعرض عليها ان يقلها لمنزلها لكن في الطريق راوية تسرح بتلك اللحظات الحالمة فلا تعترض على مسيرة العربة الساءرة نحو منزل طارق. يصعد الاثنان إلى منزله، تجلس على إحدى اريكاته البيض بينما هو يهتم بتجفيف ملابسها وشعرها بيداه. تبعا لاخلاقها الرفيعة وخوفها من أن تكون كلمات تلك المراة عن نزواته صحيحة تقرر بان تغادر بينما هو يحضر لها كاس شاي، تترك ورائها حقيبتها التي تخبئ صورته. في اليوم التالي يطلب مقابلتها لاعطائها ما نسيت ولشدة خوفها تعتقد بانه قد فتح الحقيبة وراى صورته بداخلها فتبدا تتمتم باعترافات تظهر كالغاز لديه وتغادر مسرعة كعادتها. من هنا تبدا مشاعر الحب تظهر على تصرفات طارق ومع مرور الايام يتضح له بانها ليست ككل النساء الذين عرفهن من قبل.

ممدوح طلقيها ينفصل عن زوجته التي تصغره أكثر من عشرين سنة ويقرر الرجوع لراوية التي ترفضه بشدة مبررة بانهم لن يعيو سعداء مع بعض لانها لم تحبه ابدا ولن تستطيع الآن. تتوالة الضربات على رأسه فيفصل عقد شراكته في مكتب الهندسة ويثور كالثور الهائج فتتضارب لديه الصور والحقائق ويخلق في رأسه صورة كاذبة مشوهة لزوجته فيهجم عليها بينما تكون خارجة من الجريدة ويطلق عليها الرصاص فتسقط راوية مصابة بكتفها الايسر. أحد المصوريين يلتقط لها صورة وبعد سؤال الزوج الهائج عن سبب فعلته تطبع مقالة كبيرة في الصحيفة مرفقة بصورة راويه تتحدث عن علاقاتها المشبوهة وخيانتها المتكررة لزوجها.

يصل الخبر لطارق الذي لا يكذبه بل يصدقه عكس صديقه الذي يحاول افهامه بان هناك لبس في الموضوع ولا يمكن أن تكون هذه هي الحقيقة. تمر الايام وتظهر براءة راوية تبعا لاثبات جنون زوجها لكن طارق الذي خاف بان كلام الناس يبتعد عنها كما هي ابتعدت عن الناس غير كارثة لاقوالهم.

يناقش الفيلم وضع المراة المطلقة، العاملة والمتزوجة وصورتها امام الناس وامام زوجها. ناقدا النظرة الرجعية للباس المراة الذي للكثير من الناس يعد حكما لاخلاقها وسلوكها. وكيف المجتمع يقدس الاشاعات متجاهلا الحقائق من دون فائدة تعود إليه.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أفلام جميل راتب
أفلام حسين الشربيني
أفلام عزت العلايلي
أفلام عن الطلاق
أفلام فاتن حمامة
أفلام ليلى فهمي
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1979
أفلام ناهد جبر
أفلام نعيمة وصفي
أفلام هنري بركات

ولا عزاء للسيدات (فيلم)


Wi-Fi İttifakı (Wi-Fi Alliance), 1999 yılında ilk önce WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) adında kurulu olan organizasyondur. Yaklaşık 200 kuruluş ile çeşitli üreticilerin ürünlerini IEEE-802.11 standart tabanında oluşturup bu ürünleri sertifikalandırmayı ve böylelikle birçok Wireless cihazı ile faaliyetini sağlamayı kendilerine görev edinmişlerdir.

İttifakın sebebi olan sorun birçok ürünün Wi-Fi standartına tam olarak uyum sağlayamaması ve bundan dolayı çeşitli üreticilerin cihazlarında uyumsuzluk yaşanmasıdır.

Bazı ülkelerde (Amerika, İspanya, Fransa, Afrika, Türkiye, vs.) Wi-Fi kelimesi yanlışlıkla WLAN ile eşanlamlı kullanılmaktadır.

Wi-Fi, uygun unsurları kendi yönergesine göre test eder. Bu testi başarı ile geçen ürünler Wi-Fi sertifikasını elde eder ve Wi-Fi logosunu taşır. Wi-Fi'ye üye olan kullanıcıların ürünleri bu sınavlardan geçer. Üyeler ayrıca her test edilen Wireless ürünü için vergi ödemeleri gerekmektedir. Eksik bir Wi-Fi logosundan dolayı, tamamen standartdan bir sapma olmamaktadır.

Bu Konsorsiyum 31 Ekim 2002 günü, Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)'nın bir parçasını o zamanın geleceğinin IEEE 802.11i standartını yeni şifreleme tekniği olarak yerleştirdiğini ve bu sayede güvensiz olan WEP'in yerini WPA'ın aldığını duyurdu. 802.11i'ye vedadan sonra Wi-Fi analog olarak WPA2'de buna kattı.

Dış bağlantılar
 Wi-Fi Alliance-Website

Kablosuz iletişim

Wi-Fi İttifakı


Mirror's Edge Catalyst er et action-eventyr platform videospil udviklet af EA Digital Illusions CE og udgivet af Electronic Arts. Det er en reboot af Mirror's Edge (som var udgivet i 2008 og 2009), og handler om Faiths oprindelse og hendes forsøg på at vælte en totalitær konglomerat af virksomheder, der regerer byen Glass.

Referencer

Electronic Arts-spil
PlayStation 4-spil
Windows-spil

Mirror's Edge Catalyst


Die Villa Rustica von Brombach ist ein ehemaliger römischer Gutshof (Villa rustica) auf der Gemarkung von Brombach, einem Ortsteil der Stadt Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg (Deutschland). Die Ende der 1970er Jahre im Gewann "Wellental" entdeckten Überreste stammen von einem römischen Gutshof, der im 2. Jahrhundert n. Chr. erbaut wurde und im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. niederbrannte. Die Römerruine ist geschützt als eingetragenes Kulturdenkmal im Sinne des Denkmalschutzgesetzes des Landes Baden-Württemberg (DSchG). Die Fundstätte wurde durch die ursprünglichen Besitzer an die Stadt Lörrach verkauft. Die Villa Rustica ist in ihren Grundmauern freigelegt und konserviert. Fundstücke aus einem antiken Gutshof werden im Dreiländermuseum gezeigt.

Forschungsgeschichte

Im Jahr 1979 fanden Gerhard Billmann und Hermann Ziereisen die Grundmauern einer Römervilla. Nach dem Fachgutachten des Archäologen Erhard Richter aus Grenzach-Wyhlen erteilte das Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg eine Genehmigung für weitere Grabungsarbeiten, die am 28. März 1981 unter der Leitung Richters begannen. Die bis 1983 dauernden Ausgrabungsarbeiten wurden von Einwohnern Brombachs und Grenzach-Wyhlens begleitet. Da sich der Hof über drei unterschiedliche Grundstücke erstreckte, kaufte die Stadt diesen durch den Einsatz des damaligen Oberbürgermeisters Egon Hugenschmidt den Besitzern ab. Nach der Freilegung der Überreste wurde die Grabungsstätte 1984 offiziell der Stadt übergeben. Neben Grundmauern des teilweise unterkellerten Hofs fand die Archäologengruppe auch durch Brand konservierte Lebensmittelvorräte und Reste von landwirtschaftlichen Geräten, Jagdwaffen und weiteren Artefakten. Diese sind im Dreiländermuseum und im Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte im Colombischlössle in Freiburg im Breisgau zu besichtigen. Die gesamte Anlage diente mehreren Zwecken, wurde aber hauptsächlich wohnwirtschaftlich genutzt.

Aufgrund der Rötung der Kellermauern und von Brandschutt geht man bei der Zerstörung des Guts im 3. Jahrhundert von einem Brand aus, dessen Ursache unbekannt ist. Zeitlich fällt die Zerstörung mit dem Einfall der Alamannen hinter den Limes (Limesfall) zusammen. Nach der Zerstörung erfolgte kein Wiederaufbau.

Lage und Beschreibung

Die Brombacher Villa Rustica befindet sich 365 Meter über dem Meer in leichter Hanglage im Wellental knapp 400 Meter südsüdöstlich der Brombacher Wohnsiedlung Bühl auf einem offenen und für die Öffentlichkeit zugänglichen Wiesengrundstück. Vor Ort informiert eine Tafel über die Ausgrabungsstätte. Hinweisschilder markieren ausgehend vom Dorfkern Brombachs den Weg zu den Überresten der Villa.

Der römische Gutshof in Brombach war gemessen an vergleichbaren Bauwerken eher klein und einfach gehalten. Aufgrund fehlender Mosaikböden, Wandgemälde und Säulenfragmente vermutet man, dass die Bewohner keine reichen Leute waren. Die gesamte rechteckige Anlage ist nach Norden ausgerichtet und misst im Grundriss 15 Meter Breite und 16,25 Meter Länge. Nach Norden befand sich die Hofeinfahrt, die zu einem Innenhof führte. Am südlichen Rand der Anlage befand sich der Ökonomiebereich, der in drei Räume unterteilt war. Über diesen Bereich gelangte man talseitig über eine kleine Treppe in den etwas tiefer liegenden schmalen, rechteckigen Keller. Dieser befand sich am östlichen Rand der Anlage und weist im Grundriss 14 Meter auf 3,1 Meter auf. Darüber befand sich der Wohnbereich. Die einzelnen Räumlichkeiten sind durch die rund 20 Zentimeter dicken und bis zu 1,30 Meter hohen Grundmauern heute noch nachvollziehbar.

Literatur
 Philipp Filtzinger, Dieter Planck, Bernhard Cämmerer (Hrsg.): Die Römer in Baden-Württemberg. 3. Auflage. Theiss, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-8062-0287-7, S. 428–430.
 Gerhard Fingerlin: Ein römisches Gebäude aus Brombach, Stadt Lörrach. In: Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1981. 1982, S. 160–162.
 Erhard Richter: Der römische Gutshof von Brombach. In: Walter Jung, Gerhard Moehring: Unser Lörrach 1982. Eine Grenzstadt im Spiegel der Zeit. Lörrach, 1982, S. 15–21.
 Erhard Richter: Der römische Gutshof von Brombach. In: Das Markgräflerland, Heft 1/1982, S. 56–61 Digitalisat der UB Freiburg

Weblinks

 Paul Schleer: Villa rustica mit schöner Aussicht. In: Badische Zeitung vom 21. August 2009.
 Paul Schleer: Als die Römer in Brombach waren. In: Badische Zeitung vom 20. Juni 2013.
 Grundrissplan und isometrische Rekonstruktion der villa rustica in Lörrach-Brombach

Einzelnachweise

Brombach, Villa Rustica
Brombach, Villa Rustica
Erbaut im 2. Jahrhundert
Kulturdenkmal in Lörrach
Geschichte (Lörrach)
Bauwerk in Lörrach
Geographie (Lörrach)
Archäologischer Fundplatz in Europa

Villa Rustica (Brombach)


Koprivić (košćela, kostela, lat. Celtis), biljni rod od oko 60 vrsta zimzelenog i listopadnog drveća iz porodice Cannabaceae. Rod je raširen po južnoj Europi, južnoj i istočnoj Aziji, središnji i južni dio Sjeverne Amerike, sjeverni i središnji dio Južne Amerike, tropskoj Africi.

U Hrvatskoj rod zastupaju crni koprivić (Celtis australis) i Turnefortov koprivić (Celtis tournefortii)

Vrste

 Celtis adolfi-friderici Engl.
 Celtis africana Burm.f.
 Celtis australis L.
 Celtis balansae Planch.
 Celtis berteroana Urb.
 Celtis bifida Leroy
 Celtis biondii Pamp.
 Celtis boninensis Koidz.
 Celtis brasiliensis (Gardner) Planch.
 Celtis bungeana Blume
 Celtis caucasica Willd.
 Celtis caudata Planch.
 Celtis cerasifera C.K.Schneid.
 Celtis chekiangensis C.C.Cheng
 Celtis chichape (Wedd.) Miq.
 Celtis conferta Planch.
 Celtis glabrata Steven ex Planch.
 Celtis gomphophylla Baker
 Celtis harperi Horne ex Baker
 Celtis hildebrandii Soepadmo
 Celtis hypoleuca Planch.
 Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg.
 Celtis jamaicensis Planch.
 Celtis jessoensis Koidz.
 Celtis julianae C.K.Schneid.
 Celtis koraiensis Nakai
 Celtis laevigata Willd.
 Celtis latifolia (Blume) Planch.
 Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K.Koch
 Celtis loxensis C.C.Berg
 Celtis luzonica Warb.
 Celtis madagascariensis Sattarian
 Celtis mauritiana Planch.
 Celtis mildbraedii Engl.
 Celtis neglecta Zi L.Chen & X.F.Jin
 Celtis occidentalis L.
 Celtis orthocanthos Planch.
 Celtis pacifica Planch.
 Celtis pallida Torr.
 Celtis paniculata (Endl.) Planch.
 Celtis petenensis Lundell
 Celtis philippensis Blanco
 Celtis punctata (Urb. & Ekman) Urb. & Ekman
 Celtis reticulata Torr.
 Celtis rigescens (Miq.) Planch.
 Celtis rubrovenia Elmer
 Celtis salomonensis Rech.
 Celtis schippii Standl.
 Celtis sinensis Pers.
 Celtis solenostigma Unwin
 Celtis spinosa Spreng.
 Celtis strychnoides Planch.
 Celtis tala Gillies ex Planch.
 Celtis tenuifolia Nutt.
 Celtis tessmannii Rendle
 Celtis tetrandra Roxb.
 Celtis tikalana Lundell
 Celtis timorensis Span.
 Celtis toka (Forssk.) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood
 Celtis tournefortii Lam.
 Celtis trinervia Lam.
 Celtis tupalangi Vassilcz.
 Celtis vandervoetiana C.K.Schneid.
 Celtis vitiensis A.C.Sm.
 Celtis zenkeri Engl.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Konopljovke

Koprivić


Ekifire est une œuvre (exposition photographique et ouvrage)  de Frédéric Noy qui documente sur sept années la vie des communautés LGBT d'Ouganda, du Burundi et du Rwanda.

Désignation
Le président ougandais Yoweri Museveni pendant une rencontre à Kampala désigne les personnes homosexuelles par le terme Ekifire en Luganda, signifiant en français « les morts vivants » ou « demi-morts » pour soutenir une nouvelle loi anti-gay de son pays. Le photographe Frederic Noy reprend ce terme et en fait le titre de son œuvre dédié aux communautés LGBT d'Ouganda, du Burundi et du Rwanda.

Description
Frederic Noy, après une dizaine d'années en Afrique, décidant d'y documenter une problématique sociale, enquête et met en lumière pendant sept ans les réalités des personnes LGBTI en Burundi, Rwanda et Ouganda.

Noy s'attache à montrer comment les personnes LGBTI vivent leur vie dans des sociétés qui leur sont institutionnellement hostiles. A travers ses photographies, il montre des hommes et des femmes rejetés par la société, victimes d'agressions ou luttant pour leur droit fondamental à l'existence.

En 2016, il expose son travail dans le cadre du festival de photojournalisme à Perpignan. Et en 2020, il publie l'ouvrage intitulé « Ekifire ». On retrouve à la couverture de cet ouvrage une femme transgenre qui vit de prostitution et prend régulièrement des stupéfiants pour supporter son existence marginalisée.

Références

Liens externes
 Ekifire, les demi-morts sur VISA pour l'image

Roman à thématique gay
LGBT dans la photographie

Ekifire (les demis-morts)


قائمة بمدن ولاية نيويورك في الولايات المتحدة ويبلغ عددها 62 مدينة:

ملاحظات
^ Geneva is located within both the counties of Ontario and مقاطعة سينيكا، although the section in Seneca County has no population and is all water.
^ 1653 is the officially recognized date. بيتر ستويفسانت convinced the برلمان هولندا to charter the city of نيو أمستردام in 1653. The English envoy, Richard Nicolls, renamed the city "New York" two days after capturing it in 1664. Provincial governor Thomas Dongan rechartered the city under the auspices of the جيمس الثاني ملك إنجلترا in 1683, though the charter was not published until 1686. Finally, New York was reincorporated to include all five of its present boroughs in 1898.

مراجع

بلدات ولاية نيويورك
قوائم أماكن مأهولة في ولاية نيويورك
نيويورك
مدن ولاية نيويورك

قائمة مدن ولاية نيويورك


Arheološki lokalitet Bušin-Bežanec je nalazište na lokaciji Valentinovo, grad Pregrada, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Arheološko nalazište "Bušin-Bežanec" nalazi se u sjevernom dijelu naselja Valentinovo, nedaleko od državne ceste DC 206. Smješteno je na prirodno uzvišenom platou od 199,3 m n/v, iznad zaštićenog kulturnog dobra "Dvorac Bežanec" (Z-2228), na strateškom položaju s kojeg se moglo djelomično kontrolirati doline potoka Plemenšćine i Kosteljine. Lokalitet je otkriven prilikom rekognosciranja terena za potrebe izrade Studije o utjecaju na okoliš 2014. godine. Tom je prilikom s površine položaja prikupljeno više od 220 komada cijepanog litičkog materijala različitih vrsta kamena: rožnjaka, kvarcita, kalcedona i tufa. U nedostatku inih pokretnih arheoloških nalaza (ulomaka keramike i dr.) te većeg broja nalaza koji bi upućivali na mezolitičku tradiciju, nalazište se preliminarno datira u razdoblje postmezolitika.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom P-5318 zavedena je kao zaštićeno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "arheološka kulturna baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene kopnene arheološke zone i nalazišta u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Pregrada
Arheološki lokaliteti u Hrvatskoj

Arheološko nalazište Bušin-Bežanec


142 (CXLII) Jülyen takvimine göre pazar günü başlayan bir yıldır.

Olaylar
 Roma impaaratoru Antoninus Pius'un emriyle Antoninus Duvarı'nın yapımına başlandı.

Doğumlar
 Papinian, Romalı papaz (ö. 212)
 Liu Biao, Çin hükümdarı (ö. 208)

Ölümler
 Hyginus, Roma piskoposu

142


In differential geometry and complex geometry, a complex manifold is a manifold with an atlas of charts to the open unit disc in , such that the transition maps are holomorphic.

The term complex manifold is variously used to mean a complex manifold in the sense above (which can be specified as an integrable complex manifold), and an almost complex manifold.

Implications of complex structure
Since holomorphic functions are much more rigid than smooth functions, the theories of smooth and complex manifolds have very different flavors: compact complex manifolds are much closer to algebraic varieties than to differentiable manifolds.

For example, the Whitney embedding theorem tells us that every smooth n-dimensional manifold can be embedded as a smooth submanifold of R2n, whereas it is "rare" for a complex manifold to have a holomorphic embedding into Cn. Consider for example any compact connected complex manifold M: any holomorphic function on it is constant by the maximum modulus principle. Now if we had a holomorphic embedding of M into Cn, then the coordinate functions of Cn would restrict to nonconstant holomorphic functions on M, contradicting compactness, except in the case that M is just a point. Complex manifolds that can be embedded in Cn are called Stein manifolds and form a very special class of manifolds including, for example, smooth complex affine algebraic varieties.

The classification of complex manifolds is much more subtle than that of differentiable manifolds. For example, while in dimensions other than four, a given topological manifold has at most finitely many smooth structures, a topological manifold supporting a complex structure can and often does support uncountably many complex structures. Riemann surfaces, two dimensional manifolds equipped with a complex structure, which are topologically classified by the genus, are an important example of this phenomenon. The set of complex structures on a given orientable surface, modulo biholomorphic equivalence, itself forms a complex algebraic variety called a moduli space, the structure of which remains an area of active research.

Since the transition maps between charts are biholomorphic, complex manifolds are, in particular, smooth and canonically oriented (not just orientable: a biholomorphic map to (a subset of) Cn gives an orientation, as biholomorphic maps are orientation-preserving).

Examples of complex manifolds
 Riemann surfaces.
 Calabi–Yau manifolds.
 The Cartesian product of two complex manifolds.
 The inverse image of any noncritical value of a holomorphic map.

Smooth complex algebraic varieties
Smooth complex algebraic varieties are complex manifolds, including:
 Complex vector spaces.
 Complex projective spaces, Pn(C).
 Complex Grassmannians.
 Complex Lie groups such as GL(n, C) or Sp(n, C).
Similarly, the quaternionic analogs of these are also complex manifolds.

Simply connected
The simply connected 1-dimensional complex manifolds are isomorphic to either:
 Δ, the unit disk in C
 C, the complex plane
 Ĉ, the Riemann sphere
Note that there are inclusions between these as
Δ ⊆ C ⊆ Ĉ, but that there are no non-constant holomorphic maps in the other direction, by
Liouville's theorem.

Disc vs. space vs. polydisc
The following spaces are different as complex manifolds, demonstrating the more rigid geometric character of complex manifolds (compared to smooth manifolds):
 complex space .
 the unit disc or open ball

 the polydisc

Almost complex structures

An almost complex structure on a real 2n-manifold is a GL(n, C)-structure (in the sense of G-structures) – that is, the tangent bundle is equipped with a linear complex structure.

Concretely, this is an endomorphism of the tangent bundle whose square is −I; this endomorphism is analogous to multiplication by the imaginary number i, and is denoted J (to avoid confusion with the identity matrix I). An almost complex manifold is necessarily even-dimensional.

An almost complex structure is weaker than a complex structure: any complex manifold has an almost complex structure, but not every almost complex structure comes from a complex structure. Note that every even-dimensional real manifold has an almost complex structure defined locally from the local coordinate chart. The question is whether this almost complex structure can be defined globally. An almost complex structure that comes from a complex structure is called integrable, and when one wishes to specify a complex structure as opposed to an almost complex structure, one says an integrable complex structure. For integrable complex structures the so-called Nijenhuis tensor vanishes. This tensor is defined on pairs of vector fields, X, Y by

For example, the 6-dimensional sphere S6 has a natural almost complex structure arising from the fact that it is the orthogonal complement of i in the unit sphere of the octonions, but this is not a complex structure. (The question of whether it has a complex structure is known as the Hopf problem, after Heinz Hopf.) Using an almost complex structure we can make sense of holomorphic maps and ask about the existence of holomorphic coordinates on the manifold. The existence of holomorphic coordinates is equivalent to saying the manifold is complex (which is what the chart definition says).

Tensoring the tangent bundle with the complex numbers we get the complexified tangent bundle, on which multiplication by complex numbers makes sense (even if we started with a real manifold). The eigenvalues of an almost complex structure are ±i and the eigenspaces form sub-bundles denoted by T0,1M and T1,0M. The Newlander–Nirenberg theorem shows that an almost complex structure is actually a complex structure precisely when these subbundles are involutive, i.e., closed under the Lie bracket of vector fields, and such an almost complex structure is called integrable.

Kähler and Calabi–Yau manifolds
One can define an analogue of a Riemannian metric for complex manifolds, called a Hermitian metric. Like a Riemannian metric, a Hermitian metric consists of a smoothly varying, positive definite inner product on the tangent bundle, which is Hermitian with respect to the complex structure on the tangent space at each point. As in the Riemannian case, such metrics always exist in abundance on any complex manifold. If the skew symmetric part of such a metric is symplectic, i.e. closed and nondegenerate, then the metric is called Kähler. Kähler structures are much more difficult to come by and are much more rigid.

Examples of Kähler manifolds include smooth projective varieties and more generally any complex submanifold of a Kähler manifold. The Hopf manifolds are examples of complex manifolds that are not Kähler. To construct one, take a complex vector space minus the origin and consider the action of the group of integers on this space by multiplication by exp(n). The quotient is a complex manifold whose first Betti number is one, so by the Hodge theory, it cannot be Kähler.

A Calabi–Yau manifold can be defined as a compact Ricci-flat Kähler manifold or equivalently one whose first Chern class vanishes.

See also
 Complex dimension
 Complex analytic variety
 Quaternionic manifold
 Real-complex manifold

Footnotes

References

Differential geometry

Complex manifold


Kalyan (Pronunciation: [kəljaːɳ]) is a city on the banks of Ulhas River in Thane district of Maharashtra state in Konkan division. It is governed by Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation. Kalyan is a subdivision (Taluka) of Thane district. Kalyan and its neighbouring township of Dombivli jointly form Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation, abbreviated as KDMC. It is a founding city of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Kalyan is the 7th biggest city in Maharashtra and 29th in India. Kalyan also serves as a major railway station for the trains bound to Mumbai and is a large junction separating two routes, one going Karjat and other Kasara.

In Colonial India, the British Raj called the city Kallian, Cullian, or Calliannee.

Around Kalyan

Durgadi Fort

The city of Kalyan was surrounded by a fort wall, the construction of which began during Shah Jahan's reign and was completed during Aurangzeb's reign in 1694 A.D. This city wall, which ran 2123 yards and was guarded by 4 gates and 11 towers. The fort wall enclosed an area of 70 acres and on a high mound near the Kalyan creek, where the current Ganesh ghat stands, was a fort as early as 1570.

The wall of the fort along the top of the inner bank of the ditch, and, near the north end, had a gateway known as the Delhi or Killyacha Darwaja.

Under the Marathas (1760–72), a new gate about  to the south of the Ganesh gate was opened near the mansion of Ramji Mahadeo Biwalkar, the Peshwa's Governor. In the citadel of the fort Marathas built a small wooden temple of Durgadevi behind the mosque, and called the fort Durgadi Killain after the Hindi goddess Durga. The fort measures  in length and somewhat less in breadth. Under the English rule, the fort wall was dismantled and stones carried away to build the Kalyan and Thane piers and a dwelling for the customs inspector in the west of the Kalyan fort. The gate to the north-west is almost the only trace of the fort wall, which is of rough stone masonry. During 1876 the original idol of Durga was stolen.

Demographics
The majority of Kalyan citizens are Hindus with Muslims being a minority..

Climate

Transport
Trains, buses and auto-rickshaws are the important modes of transport in and around Kalyan. 200,000 Kalyan citizens travel daily by local trains.

Kalyan Junction railway station is on the railway line between Mumbai and Karjat/Kasara. Kalyan has access to four railway stations on the Central line - Thakurli Station, Vitthalwadi, Shahad Station and Kalyan Junction. Kalyan Junction serves as an important railway station for the people in and around Mumbai.

Civic amenities

With a population of more than 700,000, Kalyan is a part of the Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation established in 1983, with municipalities of Kalyan, Dombivli, Ambernath and 81 other villages. It was then one of the largest urban local bodies in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) and in the state, with an area around . The government of Maharashtra has decided to delete major area of the corporation limits on different occasions. Presently the total area of the corporation has remained, and measures about .

Government
KDMC is a municipal corporation in Thane district of Maharashtra State, India. The municipal corporation was formed in 1983 to administer the twin townships of Kalyan and Dombivli. The municipal corporation has a population 15,18,762 citizens as per the 2011 census.
Due to its highly educated population it is often called the second cultural capital of Maharashtra after Pune. Kalyan was once famous as a port in ancient times. Records of its existence as a premier port in the region have been found in ancient Greek manuscripts.

The corporation is governed by Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act 1949. The following authorities are given charge to implement the provisions of the act:
 A corporation
 A standing committee
 Ward committees
 Municipal commissioner

Both the cities are divided into 122 wards. Municipal Corporation consists of Councillors elected directly at Ward Elections. The number and boundaries of the Wards into which the city is divided is specified by the State Election Commissioner.
There are five Councillors nominated by the corporation.
As per the provisions of the Act, the total number of Councillors is 121.
The Corporation elects one of its members as the Mayor and another to be the Deputy Mayor.

Schools and colleges

Birla College of Arts, Science & Commerce
Mar Thoma Special School for Children in Need of Special Care

Gallery

Notable people

 Vishwanath Bhoir  MLA, (Kalyan West)
 Tushar Deshpande  Indian cricketer. (Fast bowler)
 Pranav Dhanawade  Indian cricketer. (Record holder for most runs 1009*)
 Ganpat Gaikwad  MLA, BJP (Kalyan East)
 Anandi Gopal Joshi  first Indian female physician
 Gavin Packard  Indian actor
 Pramod Ratan Patil  MLA, MNS (Kalyan Rural)
 Narendra Pawar  Ex-MLA, BJP (Kalyan West)
 Lalit Prabhakar  Indian actor
 Shrikant Shinde  Member of Parliament (Kalyan)

References

External links
 KDMC: Kalyan Dombivli Municipal Corporation

Cities and towns in Thane district
Kalyan-Dombivli

Kalyan


Paul Grant (Peterborough, 3 de fevereiro de 1967 – Londres, 20 de março de 2023) foi um ator e dublê britânico. Ele era conhecido por seu papel como Ewok, em Star Wars, Episódio VI: O Retorno de Jedi (1983). Ele também participou da franquia Harry Potter, em A Pedra Filosofal (2001), onde interpretou um 'goblin' e no longa Labirinto (1986), como um dos 'goblins'.

Biografia
Nascido em 1967, Paul era portador de displasia espondiloepifisária congênita, o que o fez, na idade adulta, medir apenas 1,32m.

Carreira
Grant iniciou sua carreira em 1983, quando interpretou um ewok, uma espécie de gnomo criada ficcionalmente para o filme Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi. No filme Labyrinth, foi dublê para o personagem Hoggle. Também nesse ramo, esteve em Legend e Willow. Depois de fazer outros trabalhos menores, Paul Grant esteve em hiato na carreira, voltando a atuar apenas nos anos 2000. Em 2001, Paul voltou à indústria cinematográfica para exercer um papel não creditado em Harry Potter e a Pedra Filosofal.

Vida pessoal
Ao que se sabe, Paul namorou e teve três filhos, além de enteados e netos.

Problemas de saúde
Antes de sua morte, Paul Grant revelou lutar contra problemas relacionados a álcool e drogas.

Morte
Em 16 de março de 2023, Grant colapsou do lado de fora da St. Pancras Internacional, uma estação ferroviária em Londres, Inglaterra. No mesmo dia, ele foi levado a um hospital, no qual foi constatada sua morte cerebral ainda naquele dia. O ator foi considerado morto em 20 de março, embora sua morte cerebral tivesse sido constatada quatro dias antes. Paul morreu aos 56 anos.

Filmografia

Atores da Inglaterra

Paul Grant


Music from the OC: Mix 4 televizyon dizisi The O.C'nin müziklerinden oluşturulmuş karma bir albümdür.

Albümdeki şarkılar
 The Futureheads - "Decent Days and Nights"
 Imogen Heap - "Goodnight and Go"
 Pinback - "Fortress"
 A.C. Newman - "On the Table"
 Sufjan Stevens - "To Be Alone with You"
 Flunk - "Play"
 Beck - "Scarecrow"
 Modest Mouse - "The View"
 Aqueduct - "Hardcore Days & Softcore Nights"
 The Reindeer Section - "Cartwheels"
 Bell X1 - "Eve, The Apple of My Eye"
 Matt Pond PA - "Champagne Supernova(Oasis cover)"

Ayrıca bakınız
 Music from the OC: Mix 1
 Music from the OC: Mix 2
 Music from the OC: Mix 3
 Music from the OC: Mix 5
 Music from the OC: Mix 6

Dış bağlantılar
 Music from the OC
 Fox Broadcasting Company: The OC
 Music from the OC: Mix 4 at Amazon.com

The O.C.
2005 albümleri
Film müziği albümleri
İngilizce albümler

Music from the OC: Mix 4


Cyanidioschyzon, monotipski rod crvenih algi iz porodice Cyanidiaceae, dio reda Cyanidiales. Jedina vrsta je slatkovodna alga C. merolae.

Tipski lokalitet je Campi Flegrei, kod Napulja u Italiji.

Izvori

Cyanidiophytina

Cyanidioschyzon


Le pont Jost-Haller est un pont ferroviaire français à Strasbourg, dans le Bas-Rhin. Achevé en 2006, ce pont en treillis permet à la ligne B du tramway de Strasbourg de franchir l'Ill. Il a été nommé en l'honneur de Jost Haller, peintre alsacien du .

Situation

Histoire

Caractéristiques

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Ligne B du tramway de Strasbourg

Liens externes

Jost-Haller
Jost-Haller
Jost-Haller
Jost-Haller
Jost-Haller

Pont Jost-Haller


Mændenes 4×100 meter stafetløb under sommer-OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro fandt sted i perioden 18. - 19. august 2016 på Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

Referencer

4×100 meter stafetløb (herrer)

Atletik under sommer-OL 2016 - 4×100 meter stafetløb (herrer)


Abitur (af latin abire, «gå væk») er den afsluttende eksamen fra gymnasiet i Tyskland. Den svarer til studentereksamen i Danmark.

Officiel tysk betegnelse er allgemeine Hochschulreife. Eksamensbeviset efter 12 til 13 års skolegang (Abiturzeugnis) og er et krav før universitetsstudier. I Østrig og Schweiz hedder Abitur Matura.

Se også
 Skolesystemet i Tyskland

Uddannelse i Tyskland
Eksamener

Abitur


පුස්තකාල සුචිය පුස්තකාල ද්‍රව්‍යයන්ගේ ග්‍රන්ථ විද්‍යාත්මක තොරතුරු ඇතුළත් රෙජිස්ටරයක් වන අතර එය තනි පුස්තකාලයක හෝ පුස්තකාල ජාලයක එකතුවක් විය හැකිය.

පුස්තකාල සුචිකරණය සහ වර්ගීකරණය

පුස්තකාල සුචිය


Ramón Martín Mateo (Valladolid, 1928-Alicante, 22 de mayo de 2014) fue un profesor, escritor y rector español, catedrático de derecho administrativo en la Universidad de Alicante.

Biografía
Fue autor del primer manual universitario de derecho ambiental, área que se desarrolló primero en los Estados Unidos y después en Alemania, y que Ramón Martín Mateo introdujo en España. Era también un especialista destacado en derecho local.

Fue rector de la Universidad del País Vasco y de la Universidad de Alicante, y ocupó cargos de responsabilidad en la administración universitaria estatal. Experto de las Naciones Unidas en diferentes proyectos durante los años setenta, también fue vocal electivo del Consejo de Estado (1990-2003) y vocal del Consejo Estatal del Agua (1991).
Fue investido Doctor Honoris Causa por diferentes Universidades, destacando dos de sus nombramientos. De un lado, su investidura en la Universidad del País Vasco, de la que fue Rector y al que acudió el Lehendakari. De otro, su investidura en la Universidad Rovira i Virgili. La propuesta de investidura en la Universidad Rovira i Virgili (URV) nace de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y de los departamentos de Derecho Público y de Derecho Privado, Procesal y Financiero. Ramón Martín Mateo apoyó desde los inicios los estudios de derecho ambiental que se imparten en la facultad.

Fue autor de una cuarentena de libros, y dirigió 33 tesis doctorales, recibió numerosas distinciones honoríficas y era doctor honoris causa de diferentes universidades.

De su extensa bibliografía, son obras recientes estas dos:

2007,  La gallina de los huevos de cemento. Ed. Civitas. En esa obra, critica la política urbanística de la Comunidad Valenciana.

2005, Memorias de un ingeniero social bienhumorado. Ed. Península. Se trata de sus propias memorias. En este libro califica a los juristas de ingenieros sociales, que trabajan para que se haga justicia con las personas, defendiéndolas del mismo poder judicial.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Obras de Ramón Martín Mateo en la Biblioteca Nacional de España
 Obras de Ramón Martín Mateo en Dialnet

Derecho ambiental
Profesores de Valladolid
Juristas de Valladolid
Rectores de la Universidad de Alicante
Rectores de la Universidad del País Vasco
Catedráticos de la Universidad del País Vasco
Miembros del Consejo de Estado de España
X Legislatura de las Cortes Españolas
Nacidos en Valladolid
Doctores honoris causa por la Universidad del País Vasco
Doctores honoris causa por la Universidad de León

Ramón Martín Mateo


An Ampelocalamus naibunensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Bunzo Hayata, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Tai Hui Wen. An Ampelocalamus naibunensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ampelocalamus, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Taiwan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ampelocalamus

Ampelocalamus naibunensis


Vektör hesaplamada, divergence (ıraksama, uzaksama, uzaklaşma) bir vektör alanının kaynak ya da batma noktasından uzaktaki bir noktada genliğini ölçen işleçtir; yani bir vektör alanının uzaksaması işaretli (artı ya da eksi) bir sayıdır. Örneğin ısındıkça genişleyen havanın hızını gösteren bir vektör alanının uzaksaması pozitif olacaktır, çünkü hava genişlemektedir. Eğer hava soğuyup daralıyorsa uzaksama negatif olacaktır. Bu özel örnekte uzaksama yoğunluğun değişiminin ölçüsü olarak düşünülebilir.

Uzaksaması her yerde 0 olan vektör alanına selenoidal denir.

 ile gösterilen bir vektör alanın diverjansı fiziksel anlamda en basit olarak alanın akısıyla betimlenebilir. Diverjans, hacim sıfıra giderken, 'in birim hacime düşen akısı olarak tanımlanabilir. Sembolik olarak

burada  hacmi saran kapalı yüzeyi belirtmektedir.
Diverjans teoremi yardımıyla, diverjansın nabla operatörü () ile 'nin skaler çarpımına eşit olduğu belirlenebilir. Kartezyen koordinatlarda

Genel olarak  gibi genel dik koordinatlarda
 için diverjansın tanımı şöyledir,

burada  ilgili koordinatların metrik katsayılarının karekökünü belirtmektedir.

Diverjansın tensör notasyonunda yazılımı,

 veya  olur.

 skaler bir alan,  ve  de vektörel bir alan olmak üzere, diverjans alma işleminin özellikleri şöyle sıralanabilir:

Matematiksel analiz

Diverjans


(7440) Závist es un asteroide perteneciente al cinturón de asteroides descubierto por Miloš Tichý el 1 de marzo de 1995 desde el Observatorio Kleť, cerca de České Budějovice, República Checa.

Designación y nombre
Závist se designó inicialmente como .
Más tarde, en 1999, fue nombrado por la antigua ciudad celta de Závist.

Características orbitales
Závist orbita a una distancia media del Sol de 2,587 ua, pudiendo acercarse hasta 2,162 ua y alejarse hasta 3,012 ua. Tiene una excentricidad de 0,1643 y una inclinación orbital de 10,97 grados. Emplea 1520 días en completar una órbita alrededor del Sol. El movimiento de Závist sobre el fondo estelar es de 0,2368 grados por día.

Características físicas
La magnitud absoluta de Závist es 13,3.

Véase también
 Lista de asteroides del (7401) al (7500)
 Cuerpo menor del sistema solar

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Asteroides del cinturón principal
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos por Miloš Tichý
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos desde el Observatorio Kleť
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos en 1995
Wikiproyecto:Asteroides/Artículos de asteroides

(7440) Závist


فصل الخطاب في تحريف كتاب رب الأرباب أو فصل الخطاب في إثبات تحريف كتاب الأرباب - نظراً لاختلاف الأقوال في تحديد اسمه -؛ هو أحد أشهر كتب المحدّث الشيعي حسين النوري الطبرسي بالرغم من قلّة طبعاته، وذلك لحساسيّة الموضوع الذي أُلّف فيه هذا الكتاب، وهو موضوع تحريف القرآن. والجدل حول الكتاب كبير، ففي الوقت الذي يتّخذ خصوم الشيعة - وخاصة من أهل السنة - هذا الكتاب مطعناً على الشيعة وتأكيداً لاتهامهم بالقول بتحريف القرآن؛ فإن جمعاً كبيراً من الشيعة يردّون على ذلك، وينفون كون الكتاب في إثبات التحريف، بل في نفيه.

عرض الكتاب
يعتقد الشيعة الإثني عشريَّة بأنَّ القرآن هو  على النبي محمد، وأنَّه ، ويؤكدون القول بأن القرآن لا يعتريه التبديل والتغيير والتحريف، ويصفون القائل بالتحريف بأنه . ويعتقدون  و.

ويوجه الاتهام للشيعة الإثني عشريَّة كثيراً بالقول بتحريف القرآن، بالرغم من تصريحهم وإصرارهم على عدم تحريف القرآن وقولهم بوجوب ، واستند خصوم الشيعة الإثني عشريَّة إلى روايات موجودة في كتب الحديث المعتبرة عند الشيعة الإثني عشريَّة لا ينكرون اعتبارها، ولكنَّهم يوجهون معنى التحريف إلى تغيير التأويل وتغيير التفسير، وليس إلى تغيير الألفاظ والتغيير والتحريف أو الزيادة فيها، وقد ألَّف العديد منهم كتباً في نفي التحريف. ويوجه الاتهام للمحدِّث الشيعي حسين النوري الطبرسي صاحب كتاب فصل الخطاب الذي أورد فيه العديد من روايات التحريف، غير أنَّ تلميذه آغا بزرگ الطهراني ، وقد جاء إصراره في ذكره لكتاب أستاذه في موسوعة الذريعة الذي ذكر فيه أنَّ أحد علماء الشيعة قد كتبوا رداً على كتاب النوري، ولمَّا بلغ النوري الرد كتب رسالة في الجواب عن الاشتباهات الحاصلة في كتابه فصل الخطاب، وقال: . وذكر في أول الرسالة الجوابية أنَّ الاعتراض مبني على المغالطة في لفظ التحريف، فإنه مراده ليس التحريف التغيير والبديل، بل خصوص الإسقاط لبعض المنزل المحفوظ عند أهله، وليس مراده من الكتاب القرآن الموجود بين الدفتين، ويقول بعض المعاصرين من علماء الشيعة الإثني عشريَّة أنَّه . والطهراني نفسه يؤكد في الذريعة على أنَّ . وعلى أي حال، فإنه لا تكاد تخلو أي دراسة نقدية للشيعة الإثنا عشرية ومعتقداتهم إلا والاتهام لهم بتحريف القرآن مسطور هناك، وبإزاء ذلك هناك من بعض المخالفين للإثني عشرية من السنة وغيرهم من نزَّهوهم عن القول بتحريف القرآن كرحمة الله الهندي، ومحمد عبد الله دراز، ومحمد محمد المدني وغيرهم.

الردود الشيعية
 ردّ على النوري الطبرسي معاصره محمد حسين الشهرستاني بكتابه حفظ الكتاب الشريف عن شبهة القول بالتحريف.
 ردّ عليه كذلك معاصره محمود المعرّب الطهراني بكتابه كشف الارتياب عن تحريف الكتاب.
 ردّ محمد جواد البلاغي عليه في تفسيره آلاء الرحمن في تفسير القرآن عند بيانه لعقيدته في عدم تحريف القرآن.
 ردّ أبو القاسم الخوئي عليه في تفسيره البيان في تفسير القرآن.
 ردّ علي الكوراني عليه في كتابه تدوين القرآن.
 ردّ رسول جعفريان عليه في كتابه أکذوبة تحریف القرآن.

المدافعون عنه
 حين وصل النوري الطبرسي ردّ المعرّب الطهراني عليه؛ كتب رسالة جوابية باللغة الفارسية في تبيين الإشكالات الموجّهة إليه، وأنه لم يقصد القول بتحريف القرآن. ونقل تلميذه الطهراني القول عنه بأنّه .

 كان آغا بزرگ الطهراني من تلامذة النوري الطبرسي البارزين، وقد دافع عن أستاذه عند ذكره لكتابه هذا في موسوعته الذريعة إلى تصانيف الشيعة إذ قال: . كما ألّف كتابه النقد اللطيف في نفي التحريف عن القرآن الشريف لهذا الخصوص فقال عند ذكره إيّاه: .
 تحدث محمد الحسيني الشيرازي في مجلّد السنّة المطهّرة من مجلّدات موسوعته الفقهيّة فقال: .

 نفى علي الحسيني الميلاني تهمة القول بالتحريف عن النوري الطبرسي، ثمّ قال مدافعاً عن عقيدته:

مصادر

صور

مراجع
 الذريعة إلى تصانيف الشيعة. آغا بزرگ الطهراني، طبع بيروت - لبنان، 1403 هـ / 1983 م، منشورات دار الأضواء.
 الفقه.. حول السنّة المطهّرة. محمد الحسيني الشيرازي، طبع بيروت - لبنان، 1414 هـ / 1994 م، منشورات دار العلوم.
 محاضرات في الاعتقادات. علي الحسيني الميلاني، طبع قم - إيران، 1421 هـ، منشورات مركز الأبحاث العقائدية.

الكتب العربية لحسين النوري الطبرسي
كتب الشيعة في العقيدة
كتب تاريخ
كتب شيعية فارسية

فصل الخطاب في تحريف كتاب رب الأرباب


الخريبة  بلدة لبنانية من قضاء بعلبك في محافظة بعلبك الهرمل.

الموقع
الخريبة قرية بقاعية تقع في محافظة بعلبك الهرمل تقع في السلسلة الشرقية لجبال لبنان على الحدود اللبنانية السورية ويحدها شرقاً بلدة حام ًومعربون وغرباً النبي شيت، وشمالاً بلدة الخضر وحورتعلا وجنوباً الحدود السورية.

الزراعة
تكثر في البلدة زراعة الاشجار المثمرة كالمشمش والكرز والحبوب كالقمح.

الآثار
يوجد في البلدة آثار قديمة كقصر ست البنات وبعض النواويس ومعاصر العنب التي تدل على ان البلدة كانت تكثر فيها الكرمة.

الطقس
تمتاز بطقسها المعتدل صيفاً والبارد والمثلج شتاءً كونها ترتفع عن سطح البحر قرابة 1490 متر مما جعلها مقصداً لمحبي هواية الرالي.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء بعلبك
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
تجمعات شيعية في لبنان
قضاء بعلبك

الخريبة (بعلبك)


Jainizm, Cainizm veya Caynizm, geleneksel anlamda Jain Dharma (जैन धर्म) olarak bilinen Güney Asya kökenli din ve felsefe. Bugün modern Hindistan'da azınlık olmakla beraber ABD, Batı Avrupa ve Afrika'da büyüyen topluluklar halinde varlığını sürdürmektedir. Jainistler hâlâ antik Şraman'ı (श्रमण) - bir tür sofu (çileci) gelenek - devam ettirmektedirler. Ruhanî özgürlük ve kurtuluş kavramı temelinde kurulmuş olan Jainizm tüm canlıların eşit olduğunu ve özellikle şiddet karşıtlığını savunur. Özdenetim (व्रत, vrata) Jainlerin mokşa, Keval Gnan, veya ruhun gerçek doğasının anlaşılmasına giden yoldur.

Jainizm, yaklaşık MÖ 500 yıllarında Hindistan'da başlamıştır. Kurucusu, Nataputta Vardamana ya da diğer adıyla Mahavirdir (veya Mahavira, Manavira). Kutsal metinleri, Jain Agamaları Sidantalar'dır. Bunların dışında başka klasik dinî metinler de bulunmaktadır.

İnanç

Hindistan bölgesini dinî, etik, politik ve ekonomik açıdan neredeyse iki binyıldan fazladır etkileyen Jainizm, özellikle şiddete başvurmama konusunu vurgulayarak ruhanî bağımsızlığı ve eşitliği amaçlar. Jainizm insana ait en yüce mükemmelliğin ortaya çıkarılmasına uğraşır.

Bu mükemmellik, orijinal saflığı içinde bütün ıstıraplardan, doğum ve ölüm engelinden bağımsızdır. Özdenetim (व्रत, vrata) ve kuvvetli çilecilik (sofuluk) ile Jainstler mokşa veya yeniden doğma döngüsünden bağımsızlığı elde ederler.

"Jain" terimi Sanskrit "Jina" (fatih) kelimesinden çıkarılmıştır ve bu fenomen dünyasında empoze edilen bu sınırların üstüne çıkmayı ima eder.

Mürit konumundaki bir Jaine "şravaka" (श्रावक, dinleyici) denir. Jain Şangha (संघ) dört unsurdan oluşur: rahipler (साधु), rahibeler, mürit erkek ve kadınlar.

Jainizm, mükemmel olan insandan daha yüksek bir varlığı ya da bir Tanrı'yı tanımayı gerekli görmez. Varlıkların ne başlangıcı ne de sonları vardır, hepsi ölümsüzdür. Varlıkları üç ana sınıfa ayırır: Henüz gelişmemiş olanlar; gelişme yolunda olanlar ve tekrar doğuş sürecinden kurtulup özgür hale gelenler. Geleneksel olarak evren ve zamanımızda, hakikatı ilk fark edenin Lord Rişabha (ऋषभ veya रिषभ) olduğu kabul edilir. Ardından sırasıyla Lord Parşva (MÖ 877-777) ve Lord Vardhaman Mahavira (महावीर) (MÖ 599-527) gelmiştir.

Jain inancında her insan eylemlerinden sorumludur ve her canlı, yukarıda belirtildiği gibi ölümsüz, sonsuz bir ruha, jīva'ya sahiptir. Bu ruh yaşamın ruhanî doğasına uygun ve saygılı biçimde, doğru şekilde yaşamamızı, düşünmemizi ve hareket etmemizi sağlar. Jainizmdeki Tanrı ile kasıt her canlının saf ruhunun değişmez özellikleridir. Bunlar başlıca şöyle tanımlanabilir: Sonsuz Bilgi, Feraset, Şuur ve Mutluluk (Anant Gyän, Anant Darshan, Anant Chäritra, ve Anant Sukh). Jainizmde diğer birçok dindekinin aksine her şeye kadir bir üst varlık veya yaratıcı anlayışı yoktur.

Jainizm çok güçlü keşişlik ve çilecilik eğilimlerine sahiptir. En yüksekteki ideal Ahimsa'dır yani her varlığa eşit saygı ve şefkat göstermektir. Jain Agamaları her yaşam biçimine büyük saygı gösterilmesini katı vejetaryen kurallarını, çileciliği, kendini savunurken bile şiddet uygulamamayı ve savaşa karşı olmayı öğretir. Jainizm sevgi ve merhameti yüceltir.

Jain metinleri uzun bir zaman dilimi içinde yazılmıştırlar. En bilineni ve kullanılanı Umasvati (veya Umasvami) tarafından kaleme alınmış Tattvartha Sutra veya Gerçek(lik) Kitabı'dır.

Jainlerin çoğu vejetaryendir. Buradaki vejetaryen anlayışı modern vejetaryenlikten çok daha farklıdır. Şiddet karşıtlığı - şiddetsizlik temelinde yükselen bu vejetaryenlikle gereksiz şiddet veya zulüm ile elde edilen her türlü gıda yenilemezdir. Örneğin Ortodoks Jain diyetinde çoğu kök sebzeler bulunmaz, zira bunun gereksiz yere canlılığı yok etmek olduğuna inanırlar. Bir diğer sebep de tüm bitkinin yok edilmesini önlemektir; eğer elma yerseniz ağaçları yok etmezsiniz ama kök sebzeyi yerseniz tüm bitki köksüz kalır, yok olur. Soğan ve sarımsaktan da sakınırlar. Zira bunların tutku yani öfke, nefret ve kıskançlık yarattığına inanırlar. Kurallara sıkıca bağlı inananlar gün batımından sonra yemez, içmez veya seyahat etmez.

Mezhepler
Jainizm iki ana mezhebe bölünmüştür. Bunlar Digambara ile Shvetambara'dır. Her iki gelenek de ahimsa (veya ahinsā), çilecilik, karma, sansar ve jivaya inanırlar. Ayrıca iki mezhebin kadın rahipleri (Sadhvis) beyaz giyinir.
 Digambara (Göksel giysili): Bir ermişin, elbise dahil hiçbir şeye sahip olmaması gerektiğine savunurlar. Zira onlara göre her türlü mülkiyet maddi şeylere olan bağımlılık ve arzuyu arttırır ve herhangi bir şeye karşı duyulan arzu sonunda bir şekilde sefalete (ve eleme) yol açar. Bu yüzden rahipleri sadece bele kadar çıkan bir giysileri vardır. Bu mezheptekiler kurtuluşun kadınlar için mümkün olmadığına inanırlar. Ayrıca Mahavir'in evlenmemiş olduğuna inanırlar.
 Svetambara (Beyaz cübbeli): Bu mezhebin rahipleri Jain kutsal metinlerinde giysi giymeyi yasaklanmadığına inanarak, beyaz cübbe giyerler. Ayrıca Digambara'nın tersine bu gelenekte kadının da kurtuluşa erebileceğine inanılır. Mahavir'in prensken evlediğine ve bir kız çocuğu olduğuna inanırlar.

İki mezhep arası bir başka farklılık da ilk Jain duası, Namaskar Sutra üzerinedir. Bunların dışında iki mezhep arasında bazı küçük farklılık bulunsa da, bunların hiçbiri Jain doktrininin ana noktaları hakkında değildir.

Jain sembolleri
Jainlerin bazı temel sembolleri vardır. Bu sembollerden biri Jain Ahimsa Yemini'ni sembolize eder ve bir elin avucunun üstünde bir tekerlek ile tasvir edilir. Bunun dışında, swastika en kutsal sembollerdendir.

Ana Jain sembollerinden bazıları:
 Aşta-mangalları
 Dharma-çakra ve Siddha-çakra.
 Om
 Tirthankaralara 24 Lanchhana
 Triratna ve Şrivatsa.

Jain edebiyatı

En eski Jain edebiyatı Şauraseni ve Ardha-Magadhi Prakrit'tir. (Agamalar, Agama-tulya, Siddhanta metinleri vs.). Birçok klasik metin ise Sanskritçedir. Sonraki dönem Jain edebiyatı Apabhramsha, Hintçe (Hindi), Tamilce, Kannada gibi dillerde yazılmıştır.

Kutsal yerler, mekânlar
Hindistan'ın farklı köşelerinde birçok Jain tirthası (hac yeri) bulunmaktadır.
 Bawangaja, Madhya Pradesh'te bulunan Jain tapınak ve anıt heykellerinden oluşan kompleks.
 Dilwara Tapınakları, Rajasthan'daki Abu Dağı'na kurulu beyaz mermerden yapılmış Jain tapınak kompleksi.
 Girnar, Gucerat'ta bir tapınak.
 Kundalpur, 63 tapınaklı Siddha-kshetra.
 Palitana, Gucerat'ta bulunan en sık ziyaret edilen Jain tapınağı.
 Ranakpur Tapınakları, Rajasthan, Ranakpur'daki büyük beyaz mermerden yapılmış Jain tapınak kompleksi.
 Şikharji, Jharkhand vilayetinde bulunur ve Hindistan'daki en kutsal Jain dinî mekânı olarak görülür. Parşwanathji olarak da anılır. Parşwanath Tepesi yaklaşık 1366 m yüksekliğindedir ve Mahavir'in yanı sıra yirmi Tirthankara da burada Nirvan'a ulaşmıştır.
 Şravanabelagola, Karnataka'da bulunur, Jain azizi Gomateşwar'ın anıt heykelidir.

Ayrıca Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde New Jersey'deki bir tapınak da hac yapılabilecek kadar değerli sayılmaktadır: Siddhachalam.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Veganizm

Dış bağlantılar
 Hindoloji.com - Cainizm (Türkçe)
 Jainizm üzerine İnternet'teki kaynaklara bağlantılar  (İngilizce)
 DünyaDinleri.com - Janizm (Caynacılık)  (Türkçe)
 Jaindharm.net - Jainizm üzerine ünlü bir site (İngilizce)
 Jainworld.com
 AtmaDharma.com - Orijinal Jain metinlerinin bir koleksiyonu  (İngilizce)

Caynizm


Cengiz Gündoğdu (1943, İstanbul) Türk eleştirmen, yazar.

Lise mezunudur. 1983 yılından 1990 yılına kadar arasında Varlık dergisinde yardımcı yayın yönetmeni olarak çalıştı. 1990 yılından itibaren İnsancıl Yayınları'nın ve bu yayınevinin aylık kültür ve sanat dergisi İnsancıl'ın genel yayın yönetmeni olarak çalışmaktadır. İnsancıl'ın atölye faaliyetlerinde felsefe, estetik ve yazarlık hakkında seminer vermektedir. Cengi Gündoğdu, haftada bir TELE1 televizyonunun internet sitesinde köşe yazıları yazmaktadır.

Eserleri

 Sapak, Tiyatro oyunu, 1973
 Eleştiri (2. basım, 1994), Akanyıldız (Öykü, 1996), Soru (Felsefe, 1998), Yıldız Güncesi (1996, Deneme-Eleştiri) , Taşkıran (Deneme-Eleştiri, 2004), Ekmek (Deneme-Eleştiri, 2.basım, 2007),
 Aydınlanma İçin Kalkışma, 2015, ISBN 978-6055958336
 Sen Türkülerini Söyle, 2015, ISBN 978-6055958350
 Estetik Kalkışma, 2000, ISBN 978-6055958206
 Soru, 2018, ISBN 978-9757446682
 Taşkıran, 2018, ISBN 978-9757446842
 Rüzgar, 2018, ISBN 978-6055958596
 Kapital'in Mantığı: Maddeci Diyalektik Mantığa Giriş, 2019, ISBN 978-9944612708
 Gerçekliğin Estetiği, 2019, ISBN 978-6055958435
 Estetik Kategoriler: Bilimsel Maddeci Diyalektik Estetiğe Giriş, 2020, ISBN 978-6055958671
 Kutup Yıldızı, 2021, Öykü, ISBN 978-6055958756

Hakkında Yazılan Kitaplar

 Kaç İnsanı Yaşadım (Cengiz Gündoğdu'nun 75.Yaşına Armağan), 2018, ISBN 978-6055958572

Editörlüğünü Yaptığı Kitaplar

 Romanda Estetik Kalkışma 1: Osmanlı'da Toplumsal Değişimin Romanlara Yansıması, 2015, ISBN 978-6055958367
 Romanda Estetik Kalkışma 2: Kurtuluş Savaşı - Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Toplumsal Değişimin Romanlara Yansıması, 2016, ISBN 978-6055958459

Kaynaklar
1943 doğumlular
20. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
21. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
Türk edebiyat eleştirmenleri
Yaşayan insanlar
Resim aranan yazarlar
İstanbul doğumlu yazarlar

Cengiz Gündoğdu


Karl-Heinrich Wirschinger (* 15. Oktober 1911 in München; † 24. Oktober 2003) war ein deutscher Rechtsanwalt.

Werdegang
Wirschinger besuchte Volksschulen in Amberg, Speyer und München. 1930 legte er am humanistischen Maximiliansgymnasium in München das Abitur ab und studierte im Anschluss Rechtswissenschaften in München, Wien und Kiel. 1934 legte er die Staatsprüfungen ab. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurde er verwundet. Nach Kriegsende ließe er sich in München als Rechtsanwalt nieder und spezialisierte sich auf das Sozialrecht.

1960 wurde er Landesvorsitzender im Verband Freier Berufe in Bayern und auch Vorstandsmitglied im Bundesverband der Freien Berufe. Als Vertreter der Freien Berufe gehörte er vom 1. Mai 1959 bis 31. Dezember 1977 dem Bayerischen Senat an. Ab 1964 war er Vorsitzender des Instituts für Freie Berufe an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, zuletzt dessen Ehrenvorsitzender.

Von 1961 bis 1970 war er Mitglied im Rundfunkrat des Bayerischen Rundfunks und ab 1971 Mitglied des Fernsehrats des Zweiten Deutschen Fernsehens. Ab November 1971 war er Präsident des Bayerischen Anwaltsgerichtshofs.

Er wurde mit dem Bayerischen Verdienstorden (1964), mit dem Großen Bundesverdienstkreuz und mit dem Großen Silbernen Ehrenzeichen der Republik Österreich ausgezeichnet.

Literatur
 Walter Habel (Begründer): Wer ist Wer? zuletzt in der 42. Ausgabe, Verlag Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2003, ISBN 3-7950-2036-0, S. 1547; in der 43. Ausgabe, 2004, ISBN 3-7950-2038-7, im Nekrolog auf S. 1595

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Rechtsanwalt (Deutschland)
Mitglied des Bayerischen Senats
Rundfunkrat des Bayerischen Rundfunks
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes
Träger des Großen Silbernen Ehrenzeichens für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich
Träger des Bayerischen Verdienstordens
Träger der Bayerischen Staatsmedaille für soziale Verdienste
Person (München)
Deutscher
Geboren 1911
Gestorben 2003
Mann

Karl-Heinrich Wirschinger


Nordkaperen er en gaffelrigget galease bygget i Stettin, Polen i 1905.

Skibet er bygget af stål og er 58 fod lang og 11 fod bred og stikker 8 fod. Ud over riggen er der en 150 hk motor til at sikre fremdriften.

Eventyreren Troels Kløvedal købte med en gruppe venner Nordkaperen i 1967 og har siden sejlet den rundt om jorden tre gange.

Inden sin død i 2018, testamenterede Troels Kløvedal Nordkaperen til sine 5 børn, samt 10 unge styrmænd og kvinder, som tidligere har lånt Nordkaperen i kortere eller længere perioder.

Kilder og henvisninger

Skibe bygget i Polen
Galejer

Nordkaperen


مدرسة هايدلبرغ The Heidelberg School من مدارس علم النفس، وهي منبثقة عن المدرسة الكنطية الحديثة في علم النفس، واشتهرت هذه المدرسة في الدراسات النفسية بأنها تقع بين المنهج النوموتاوي الكاشف للقوانين والمبادئ العامة؛ أي أنه يبحث في النشاط النفسي ككل، وبين المنهج الإيديوجرافي الذي يستخدم في دراسة الحالات الفردية.

أبرز علمائها
 فينديلباند.
 ريكرت.

معرض صور

المصادر

 Rickert. H.: Wilhelm Windelband. 1915

انظر أيضا
 علم النفس

مدرسة هايدلبرغ
العصر الفيكتوري
انطباعية
ثقافة ملبورن
مدارس علم النفس

مدرسة هايدلبرغ


Le Nid de la tourterelle (, Gnizdo gorlytsi) est un film dramatique ukrainien sorti en 2016. Il est réalisé par Taras Tkachenko. Il a fait partie des trois films présélectionnés de la soumission ukrainienne pour l'Oscar du meilleur film en langue étrangère, mais il n'a pas été sélectionné.

Synopsis
Daryna, une ukrainienne travaillant en Italie comme femme de ménage pour un avocat aisé et sa mère, envoie de l'argent chez elle en Ukraine pour que sa famille puisse profiter d'une meilleure vie. Après une absence de deux années, elle retourne dans son village des Carpates ukrainiennes pour retrouver son mari et sa fille. Elle constate que sa famille a changé et elle cache le fait qu'elle est enceinte de son employeur.

Fiche technique

Distribution
  : Daryna
 Vitaliy Linetskiy : Dmytro
 Mauro Cipriani : Alessandro
 Lina Bernardi : Vittoria
 Nikolay Boklan : Yurko (aussi Mykola Boklan)
 Natalya Vasko : Galyna
 Silvia Rubino : Maria
 Daryna Sahaidak : Sofia
 Oleg Korkushko : Andriy
 Kanyuka Maksym : Myhas
 Kurylyuk Nadiya : la petite amie d'Andriy
 Gunda Nataliya: le docteur
 Aleksandra Sizonenko : Myroslava (comme Oleksandra Syzonenko)

Récompenses

Références

Liens externes

Film ukrainien sorti en 2016
Film dramatique ukrainien
Film en ukrainien

Le Nid de la tourterelle


An Paepalanthus subcaulescens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Nicholas Edward Brown. An Paepalanthus subcaulescens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Paepalanthus, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Paepalanthus

Paepalanthus subcaulescens


An Carex poilanei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond. An Carex poilanei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Laos. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex poilanei


Sjoa Station (Sjoa stasjon) er en tidligere jernbanestation på Dovrebanen, der ligger i Sel kommune i Norge.

Stationen blev åbnet som holdeplads 2. november 1896, da banen blev forlænget fra Tretten til Otta. Den blev opgraderet til station 1. november 1902. Den blev fjernstyret 5. december 1967 og gjort ubemandet 1. maj 1968. Betjeningen med persontog ophørte 29. maj 1988 men blev genoptaget fra 28. maj 1988 til 7. januar 2001. Derefter har stationen haft status som fjernstyret krydsningsspor.

Stationsbygningen er en toetages bygning i rødmalet træ, der blev opført til åbningen i 1896 efter tegninger af Paul Due. Oprindeligt var der 18 stationsbygninger af denne type langs banen, hvoraf 12 er tilbage. Stationsbygningen i Sjoa regnes for at være forholdsvis autentisk.

Pakhuset blev også opført i 1896 efter tegninger af Paul Due. I 1978 blev det flyttet og ombygget til Sjoa kapell. På det tidspunkt havde der været arbejdet på at etablere et kapel i Sjoa siden 1930'erne, og en grund var blevet erhvervet i 1947, uden at det havde ført til noget byggeri. Da processen kom i gang igen, fik man imidlertid øje på pakhuset, som der ikke længere var brug for. Ved ombygningen påsattes en tagrytter med kors på. Indvendigt er der 70 siddepladser, sakristi, køkken og lager.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

 Norske jernbanestasjoner om Sjoa Station

Noter

Stationer på Dovrebanen
Jernbanestationer i Norge uden persontrafik
Etableret i 1896
Jernbanestationer i Oppland

Sjoa Station