Gideon Force was a small British and African special force, a  with the Sudan Defence Force, Ethiopian regular forces and  ( for Patriots). Gideon Force fought the Italian occupation in Ethiopia, during the East African Campaign of the Second World War. The leader and creator of the force was Major (later Colonel) Orde Wingate. At its peak, Gideon Force had fifty officers, twenty British NCOs, 800 trained Sudanese troops and 800 part-trained Ethiopian regulars, a few mortars but no artillery and no air support, except for intermittent bombing sorties.

The force operated in difficult country at the end of a long, tenuous supply-line, on which perished nearly all of the  used as beasts of burden. Gideon Force and the  ejected the Italian forces commanded in Ethiopia by General Guglielmo Nasi (the conqueror of British Somaliland). The campaign took six weeks;  and  troops were captured along with twelve guns, many machine-guns, rifles, much ammunition and over  animals. Gideon Force was disbanded on 1 June 1941, Wingate resumed this substantive rank of Major and returned to Egypt, as did many of the troops of Gideon Force, who joined the Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) in the Eighth Army.

Background

Italian East Africa

During the First Italo-Abyssinian War (1895–1896), the Royal Italian Army () had been defeated by the forces of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia at the Battle of Adowa. During the Second Italo-Abyssinian War in October 1935, the Italians invaded Ethiopia from Italian Somaliland and Eritrea. On 9 May 1936, the Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, proclaimed Italian East Africa (, AOI), formed from the newly conquered Ethiopia and the colonies of Italian Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. On 10 June 1940, Mussolini declared war on Britain and France, making the AOI a threat to the British supply route along the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. The Kingdom of Egypt remained neutral during the war but the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 allowed the British to occupy Egypt to defend the Suez Canal. Egypt included the Sudan as a condominium known as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Egypt, the Suez Canal, French Somaliland and British Somaliland were vulnerable to an Italian invasion but Mussolini looked forward to propaganda triumphs in the Sudan and British East Africa (Kenya, Tanganyika and Uganda).  (the Italian General Staff) had planned for a war after 1942 and in the summer of 1940 was not prepared for a long war or the occupation large parts of Africa.

Middle East Command
The British had based forces in Egypt since 1882 but these were greatly reduced by the terms of the treaty of 1936. A small British and Commonwealth force garrisoned the Suez Canal and the Red Sea route, which was vital to British communications with its Indian Ocean and Far Eastern territories. In mid-1939, Lieutenant-General Archibald Wavell was appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of the new Middle East Command, over the Mediterranean and Middle East. Until the Franco–Axis Armistice of 22 June 1940, French divisions in Tunisia faced the Italian 5th Army on the western Libyan border. In Libya, the Italian Army had about  and in Egypt, the British had about  with another  training in Palestine. Wavell had about  at his disposal for Libya, Iraq, Syria, Iran and East Africa, whose frontiers were guarded by an average of about eight men to .

Wavell resolved to conduct the delaying actions recommended in Operations against Italian East Africa by his Operations Section of August 1940. Pressure was to be maintained everywhere to make the Italians exhaust their resources, a limited offensive in Sudan was to be conducted at Kassala and an advance was to be made on Kisimayu by January or February 1941. The Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden convened a conference in Khartoum at the end of October 1940, with the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie and others. Attempts would be made to encourage unrest among local civilians, particularly in Ethiopia, where Mission 101 had crossed the frontier on 12 August and the inclusion Ethiopian irregular forces was agreed upon at the conference. In November 1940, the British and Commonwealth forces gained an intelligence advantage when the Government Code and Cypher School (GC & CS) at Bletchley Park broke the high grade cypher of the  in East Africa. Later that month, the replacement cypher for the Italian Air Force () was broken by the Combined Bureau, Middle East (CBME).

Mission 101

In August 1939, Wavell had ordered a plan covertly to encourage the rebellion in the western Ethiopian province of Gojjam, that the Italians had never been able to repress. In September, Colonel Daniel Sandford arrived to run the project but until the Italian declaration of war, the conspiracy was held back by the policy of appeasement. Mission 101 (named after the No. 101 fuze) was a force composed of British, Sudanese and Ethiopian soldiers formed to co-ordinate the activities of the Ethiopian resistance. In June 1940, Selassie arrived in Egypt and in July, went to Sudan to meet Platt and discuss plans to re-capture Ethiopia, despite Platt's reservations.

In July, the British recognised Selassie as emperor and in August, Mission 101 entered Gojjam province to reconnoitre. Sandford requested that supply routes be established before the rains ended, to the area north of Lake Tana and that Selassie should return in October, as a catalyst for the uprising. Gaining control of Gojjam required the Italian garrisons to be isolated along the main road from Bahrdar Giorgis south of Lake Tana, to Dangila, Debre Marqos and Addis Ababa, to prevent them concentrating against the . Italian reinforcements arrived in October and patrolled more frequently, just as dissensions among local potentates were reconciled by Sandford's diplomacy.

The Frontier Battalion of the Sudan Defence Force, established in May 1940, was joined at Khartoum by the 2nd Ethiopian and 4th Eritrean battalions, raised from émigré volunteers in Kenya. Operational Centres of an officer, five NCOs and several Ethiopian troops, were formed and trained in guerrilla warfare, to provide leadership cadres; £1 million was set aside to finance operations. Major Orde Wingate was sent to Khartoum with an assistant to join the HQ of the SDF. On 20 November, Wingate was flown to Sakhala to meet Sandford and the RAF managed to bomb Dangila, drop propaganda leaflets and supply Mission 101, which raised Ethiopian morale, having suffered much from Italian air power since the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Mission 101 managed to persuade the  north of Lake Tana to spring several ambushes on the Metemma–Gondar road and the Italian garrison at Wolkait was withdrawn in February 1941.

Prelude

British plans, Gideon Force

Platt planned to take a stronghold in Gojjam, install Selassie and then expand the revolt. The Frontier Battalion was to capture Belaya,  over the border as an advanced base for the Operational Centres moving into the province. Sandford was to send recruits to Belaya and collect  to add to camels from Sudan for transport and Selassie was to move to Belaya as soon as possible. The Italians retaliated by returning Ras Hailu to Gojjam, where he had great prestige, to weaken the . By January 1941, the Frontier Battalion had made two routes to Belaya and delivered stores but Sandford had failed to provide the mules, thought essential for climbing the escarpment if camels proved unsuitable. Only two Operational Centres were ready and Ethiopian nobles had been reluctant to provide recruits. On 21 January, just after the Italian retirement from Kassala, Selassie crossed into Ethiopia and reached Belaya. Sandford was promoted to act as liaison between Selassie, Wavell, Platt and Cunningham, Wingate took over Mission 101 and in February, the Frontier Battalion SDF, 2nd Ethiopian Battalion and Nos 1 and 2 Operational Centres, were renamed Gideon Force. Wingate was ordered to capture Dangila and Bure, which had garrisons of a colonial brigade each and gain control of the road to Bahrdar Giorgis, to provide a base for Selassie. The  were to attack the main roads from Gondar and Addis Ababa and keep as many Italian troops back defending Addis Ababa as possible.

Battle

Gojjam province

After Italian defeats in the Balkans and North Africa, exaggerated reports of British and Ethiopian troops operating from Sudan and increasing hostility from the Ethiopian population, a retirement by the Italians from western Gojjam, to Bahrdar Giorgis and Debre Marqos appeared imminent. A retreat would free the road needed by Gideon Force and on 19 February, the force reached Matakal, by a route which was found passable by the camel trains. Selassie and Gideon Force rallied , using loudspeakers to announce the presence of the emperor and induce local notables and Italian Askari to desert. The Dangila garrison had retreated towards Bahrdar Giorgis and Wingate ordered that the remaining garrisons on the road were to be eliminated using guerrilla tactics to magnify the threat perceived by the defenders.

From 27 February to 3 March, Gideon Force harassed the forts at Bure, while propagandists talking through megaphones, fostered the belief that the Italians were being attacked by a substantial force, rather than  provoking many desertions. On 4 March, fearing that the road to Debre Marqos was threatened Natale retreated for Dembacha on the Debre Marqos road. Pursued by the Frontier Battalion, the Italians ran into the 2nd Ethiopian Battalion west of Dembacha and was overrun after a determined defence, suffering about   four guns and a quantity of vehicles and supplies. The 2nd Ethiopian Battalion lost  and many pack animals, reducing it to the size of a company. The west end of the Gojjam road was freed and Selassie entered Bure on 14 March. The most westerly Italian positions were now at the Debre Marqos forts, which Wingate besieged with the Frontier Battalion and moved the rest of Gideon Force towards the Blue Nile.

Ras Hailu, with several thousand followers appeared, joining the Italians at Debre Marqos, by when Nasi realised that the size of Gideon Force had been exaggerated. Colonel Natale at Markos was sacked and replaced by Colonel Maraventano. Nasi announced that Bure would be reoccupied; re-took Fort Emmanuel and attacked the force at Bahrdar Giorgis. Wingate could retire on his communications towards Bure or attack boldly against the much superior Italian force and chose to go on the offensive. Guerilla attacks were made at night after careful preparation and needed great skill, discipline and dash from the Sudanese troops involved. In the middle of the night, parties of about fifty men crept to within  of a post and attacked with grenades and bayonets. By early April, the defenders had been forced back to the inner defensive ring of Debre Marqos. Aosta ordered a withdrawal and on 4 April,  (including ), began a  trek to Safartak and then on to Dessie. The attack on Bahrdar Giorgis by Colonel Adriano Torelli, with five infantry battalions with pack artillery also failed. Selassie entered Debre Marqos on 6 April, the same day that Addis Ababa was captured from the south. The British successes in Eritrea, Italian Somaliland and Southern Ethiopia transformed the strategic outlook. British policy became one of re-installing Selassie and mobilising Ethiopian military potential to participate in the reduction of the remaining Italian garrisons.

Wingate arranged for Lij Belay Zeleke to block a route of retreat from Debre Marqos over the Blue Nile, assisted by Bimbashi Wilfred Thesiger and Captain Foley, with a platoon of the Ethiopian Battalion. Zaleka apparently intrigued with Ras Hailu, remained passive and the Italians got across the Blue Nile, heading for Addis Deraa. Three platoons of the Frontier Battalion and one from the Ethiopian Battalion pursued, despite running out of supplies and ammunition. At the end of April, two Operational Centres arrived to encourage the  and command was taken by Major D. H. Nott of Mission 101. The local population remained reluctant to participate but by guile and bluff, the pursuers kept the Italians disorganised as they ascended the escarpment before Addis Deraa.

An Italian counter-attack was repulsed and a counter-raid inspired the civilian population to help and donate food. On 15 May, Wingate arrived from Addis Ababa on the night that the Italians retreated towards Agibar and the Debra Tabor–Gondar road. Wingate took no notice of orders calling him away and sent part of the force to cut off the Italians, as the main force with another 300  (Amharic for Patriots) who had arrived, continued the pursuit. On 19 May, Wingate called on Maraventano to surrender, who refused but undertook to consult with HQ by wireless. The Italians attempted another counter-attack and Wingate claimed that his troops were going to leave and that only the  would remain. The ruse worked and Maraventano surrendered with  and  troops.

Gideon Force received new orders to cut roads over a wide area to stop the Italians at Amba Alagi, Gondar, Dessie (and Jimma to the south-west) from uniting. Two Operational Centres were sent to Begemdir, east of Lake Tana, to cut the main road through Debra Tabor. The centres managed to spring several ambushes, recruited many more  and kept the Italians inside their fortifications. In late April, the company of the Frontier Battalion at Bahrdar Giorgis repulsed an attack and soon afterwards the Italians retreated along the east side of Lake Tana. Part of the Frontier Battalion remained to watch over Ras Hailu and then went with Selassie to Addis Ababa, joining the 1st South African Brigade advance to Asmara. The rest of the battalion advanced north from Debre Marqos to Lake Tana (in summer uniforms over a  pass in a blizzard), got to Mota and by an audacious bluff persuaded the last Italian battalion in Gojjam to surrender. On 5 May, Platt handed command of Gideon Force and  operations beyond the curve of the Blue Nile to Cunningham, commander on the Southern Front, where the East African Force had invaded Ethiopia from Italian Somaliland.

Aftermath

Analysis

At its peak, Gideon Force had fifty officers, twenty British NCOs,  Sudanese troops and  trained Ethiopian regulars, a few mortars but no artillery and no air support, except for intermittent bombing sorties. The force operated in difficult country at the end of a long and tenuous supply-line, on which nearly all of the  perished. Assisted by the , Gideon Force ejected the Italian forces under Nasi in six weeks and captured  and  troops, twelve guns, many machine-guns, rifles, ammunition and over  animals.

Subsequent events
Gideon Force was disbanded on 1 June 1941, Wingate was demoted to Major and returned to Egypt along with many of the troops of Gideon Force, who joined the Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) of the Eighth Army. Wingate's request for decorations for his men was ignored and his attempts to get back-pay for them was obstructed. Wingate wrote a report on 18 June, to Wavell, in which he outlined the successes of the campaign and his views on future actions of a similar type,

Wavell rebuked Wingate for the language of the report and undertook to look into the grievances but was sacked and posted to India soon after. Wingate languished in Cairo, came down with malaria and was sent back to Britain by troop ship, much to the relief of the general staff in Cairo, who had feared that he would meddle in the post-war politics of Ethiopia.

See also
 List of British military equipment of World War II
List of Second Italo-Ethiopian War weapons of Ethiopia-Arbegnoch used Ethiopian and captured Italian weapons
List of Italian Army equipment in World War II
East African Campaign (World War II)
 Order of Battle, East African Campaign (World War II)

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links
 Wingate in Ethiopia

Ethiopia in World War II
Military units and formations of the United Kingdom in World War II
Groups of World War II
World War II resistance movements

Gideon Force


Nitro may refer to:

Chemistry
Nitrogen, a chemical element and a gas except at very low temperatures, with which many compounds are formed:
Nitro compound, an organic compound containing one or more nitro functional groups, -NO2
Nitroalkene, a functional group combining the functionality of an alkene and nitro group
Nitrocellulose, or cellulose nitrate, an extremely flammable chemical compound
Nitroglycerin, or glyceryl trinitrate, an explosive chemical compound
Nitromethane, a simple organic nitro compound with the formula
Nitro fuel, a fuel containing nitromethane and methanol
Nitro engine, an engine powered with nitro fuel used in some radio-controlled model cars, aircraft etc.

People
Danny Lee Clark (born 1964), known as "Nitro" on the original American Gladiators television show
John Morrison (wrestler) (born 1979), professional wrestler formerly known as Johnny Nitro
Nitro (rapper) (born 1993), Italian rapper
Nitro (wrestler) (born 1966), Mexican professional wrestler

Places
Giant, Richmond, California, formerly named Nitro
Nitro, West Virginia, United States

Arts and entertainment
Nitro (Adlabs Imagica), a roller coaster at the Imagicaa theme park in Khopoli, India
Nitro (film), a Canadian action film released in 2007
Nitro (Six Flags Great Adventure), a mega roller coaster at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey, United States

Fictional characters
Nitro (comics), a Marvel Comics supervillain
Nitro Norimaki, a character from the Dr. Slump franchise
Nitro, a character in the children's show The Shak played by Beau Walker

Music
Nitro (band), an 80s metal band
"Nitro (Youth Energy)", a song by The Offspring from the album Smash
Nitro Records, an independent punk music record label

Radio
WMMS-HD2, an HD Radio digital subchannel (100.7-2 FM) licensed to Cleveland, Ohio, United States, formerly branded Nitro

Television
Nitro (German TV channel), a German commercial television channel
Nitro (Spanish TV channel), a former Spanish commercial television channel owned by Atresmedia
"Nitro", an episode of Mission: Impossible
Nitro!, a game show hosted by Greg Lee
WCW Monday Nitro, a professional wrestling television program

Videogaming
Need for Speed: Nitro, a 2009 racing game
Nicktoons Nitro, a 2009 racing game for the Arcade
Nintendo DS, originally referred to by the codename "Project Nitro"
Nitro (video game), a 1990 computer game

Computing and technology
Nitro (wireless networking), an 802.11g performance enhancement technology
Nitro cyberattacks
Nitro, a marketing name given by Apple to JavaScriptCore, the JavaScript engine of WebKit
Nitro PDF, a commercial software application
Nitro, a paid membership on Discord

Medicine
Glyceryl trinitrate (pharmacology), a medical compound used for the treatment of angina pectoris
Medical use of nitroglycerin, prescribed for some heart conditions
Nitrous oxide, "laughing gas", used in some dental procedures as an anaesthetic

Vehicles and transportation
Dodge Nitro, a compact SUV
USS Nitro, a ship
Windtech Nitro, a Spanish competition paraglider design

Other
Nitro cold brew coffee
Nitro Express, a series of cartridges used in large-bore hunting rifles

See also

Nitro


The Divine Lady er en amerikansk Vitaphone-tonefilm fra 1929 med synkroniseret musik, lydeffekter og lidt synkroniseret sang, men ingen talt dialog.
Filmen blev instrueret af Frank Lloyd og havde Corinne Griffith i hovedrollen. Filmen handler om kærlighedsaffæren mellem Horatio Nelson og Emma Hamilton. Temasangen "Lady Divine", med tekst af Richard Kountz og musik af Nathaniel Shilkret, blev et stort hit i 1929 og
er senere blevet genindspillet af flere kunstnere.

Manuskriptet var skrevet af Harry Carr, Forrest Halsey, Agnes Christine Johnston og Edwin Justus Mayer og baseret på romanen The Divine Lady: A Romance of Nelson and Emma Hamilton af E. Barrington.

Filmen vandt en Oscar for bedste instruktør og var nomineret til Oscar for bedste kvindelige hovedrolle (Corinne Griffith) og Oscar for bedste fotografering.
Det er den eneste film der har vundet bedste instruktør uden at være nomineret til en Oscar for bedste film.

Referencer

Eksterne Henvisninger

Dramafilm fra USA
Amerikanske film fra 1929
Sort-hvide film fra USA
Engelsksprogede film
Film instrueret af Frank Lloyd
Biografiske film fra USA

The Divine Lady


Special Agent  é um filme estadunidense de 1935, do gênero drama criminal, dirigido por William Keighley, e estrelado por Bette Davis e George Brent. O roteiro de Laird Doyle e Abem Finkel foi baseado em uma história de Martin Mooney. O filme foi produzido e distribuído pela Warner Bros.

Sinopse
O governo federal está tentando encontrar e prender gângsteres devido a seus crimes financeiros, evasão fiscal e violações dos regulamentos da Receita Federal. O repórter de jornal Bill Bradford (George Brent) é nomeado Agente do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos pelo Departamento da Receita e designado para encontrar evidências suficientes para acusar o gângster Alexander Carston (Ricardo Cortez) – que tem as mesmas iniciais de Al Capone – de evasão fiscal.

Ele descobre que os livros contábeis de Carston são guardados com um código conhecido apenas por sua secretária, Julie Gardner (Bette Davis). Quando Gardner testemunha o assassinato de um homem que entrou no caminho de seu chefe, Bill implora para que ela se demita de seu emprego, mas Julie percebe que sabe muito e que Carston não a deixará ir embora.

O promotor de justiça Roger Quinn (Henry O'Neill) pressiona o parceiro do homem assassinado a testemunhar, mas Carston descobre o plano, manda assassinar a testemunha e é absolvido. Julie é presa como testemunha material e decodifica os livros, mas é sequestrada pelos capangas de Carston antes que possa testemunhar. Agora, Bradford luta contra o tempo, na tentativa de salvar Julie e prender Carston por todos os seus crimes.

Elenco
 Bette Davis como Julie Gardner
 George Brent como Bill Bradford
 Ricardo Cortez como Alexander Carston
 Jack LaRue como Jake Andrews
 Henry O'Neill como Promotor Roger Quinn
 Robert Strange como Waxey Armitage
 Joseph Crehan como Commissioner of Police
 J. Carrol Naish como Joe Durell
 Joe Sawyer como Rich (creditado como Joseph Sauers)
 William B. Davidson como Charlie Young
 Robert Barrat como Chefe da Receita Federal
 Paul Guilfoyle como Williams
 Joe King como Agente Wilson (creditado como Joseph King)
 Irving Pichel como Promotor de Justiça dos EUA
 Charles Middleton como Comandante da Polícia Estadual

Produção
"Special Agent" foi um dos três filmes de 1935 estrelados por Bette Davis e George Brent, que apareceram juntos em filmes um total de treze vezes. Nenhum dos dois ficou feliz com o resultado final da produção. Brent disse a Ruth Waterbury, da revista Photoplay, que o filme foi "uma coisa ruim, insignificante, inacreditável e não convincente". A pedido do departamento de publicidade da Warner Bros., seus comentários não foram publicados. O filme, com um policial triunfando sobre gângsteres, foi lançado pela Warners no mesmo ano que "G Men".

O filme foi feito logo após o Escritório Hays começar a aplicar o Código de Produção. Eles insistiram em várias pequenas mudanças e queriam cortar uma cena que o produtor Samuel Bischoff sentia ser crucial para o enredo. Os censores se comprometeram ao permitir que a cena ficasse intacta, embora alguns diálogos considerados ofensivos foram retirados do filme. Como resultado, os lábios de Ricardo Cortez podem ser vistos se movendo, mas nenhuma voz é ouvida na versão final.

A canção vencedora do Oscar "Lullaby of Broadway", de Harry Warren e Al Dubin, é ouvida ao fundo em uma cena ambientada num cassino. A música foi cantada por Winifred Shaw naquele mesmo ano no filme musical "Gold Diggers of 1935", também da Warner Bros.

A história do jornalista de Nova Iorque, Martin Mooney, também serviu de base para o filme "Gambling on the High Seas" (1940), da Warner Bros. Mooney também escreveu a história de "Bullets or Ballots" e "Exclusive Story" (ambos de 1936), além de ser o autor do livro "Crime Incorporated" (1935).

Recepção
Um crítico do The New York Times chamou o filme de "melodrama nítido, rápido e completamente divertido, com uma saga selvagem e confusa de gangues", acrescentando: "Tudo já foi feito antes, mas de alguma forma parece nunca perder sua emoção visual".

Bilheteria
De acordo com os registros da Warner Bros., "Special Agent" obteve bons números de bilheteria. O filme arrecadou US$ 490.000 nacionalmente e US$ 306.000 no exterior, totalizando US$ 796.000 mundialmente.

Adaptação para a rádio
"Special Agent" foi apresentado no Warner Brothers Academy Theatre em 24 de abril de 1938. Carole Landis e John Ridgely estrelaram a adaptação, que teve duração de 30 minutos.

Filmes da década de 1930
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1935
Filmes de drama dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de drama da década de 1930
Filmes dirigidos por William Keighley
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes sobre crimes
Filmes sobre jornalismo
Filmes baseados em obras de autores dos Estados Unidos
Filmes da Warner Bros.

Special Agent (1935)


نشأت جامعة دنقلا في العام1993-1994م بالكليات الثلاثة القائمة آنذاك والتي أصبحت داخل الولاية الشمالية الجديدة وهي كلية العلوم الزراعية بدنقلا وكليتى الآثار والآداب والتراث بكريمة والتي أسست في العام 1990، وبعد ذلك سميت بكلية الآداب والدراسات الإنسانية وأدخلت لها بعض التخصصات منها اللغة العربية والإنكليزية والتاريخ والجغرافيا والمكتبات والمعلومات والدراسات الإسلامية وقسم الاجتماع وخرجت حتى الآن حوالي 20 دفعة من البكالوريوس كما تمنح درجات عليا كالماجستير والدكتوراة وبها الآن حوالي 40 عضو هيئة تدريس في درجات مختلفة من  بروفسير وحتي المحاضر ويقوم أعضاء هيئة التدريس بمساهمات علمية في داخل وخارج السودان خاصة المشاركات في المؤتمرات الخارجية ولها اصدارة نصف سنوية (مجلة الدراسات الإنسانية) وتحي العديد من الكتابات. وكلية علوم الأرض.وكلية التربية بمروي وكلية التعدين بوادي حلفا.

وقد كانت هذه الكليات في مباني مؤقتة عبارة عن مدارس واستراحات وان كان قد تم التصديق لكل كلية بمساحات واسعة من الأرض في تلك المواقع كمقر دائم لها ومن أهم تلك المساحات ما تم تخصيصها لكلية العلوم الزراعية تلك المساحة الشاسعة التي تبلغ مساحتها قرابة الإلف فدان في موقع متميز على شاطئ النيل بالسليم على الضفة الشرقية لمدينة دنقلا ومن بعد قيام الجامعة أعيد تخطيطها لتكون المدينة الجامعية واستيعاب كليات ومراكز علمية وبحثية أخرى بجانب كلية العلوم الزراعية المصدق لها أصلا كل هذه المساحة.

الآن جامعة دنقلا تضم أيضا كلية الطب والعلوم الصحية . وقد قامت مباني الكلية بمباني الجامعة الحالية بحي الدرجة الثانية بالمدينة.
وكذالك تضم كلية علوم الحاسوب  والتنمية البشرية التي تمنج بكلاريوس  الشرف  في  علوم الحاسوب  وتقانة المعلومات والتخصصات ذات الصلة
وكذالك تضم جامعة دنقلا كلية الهندسة التي  تقع في  محلية الدبة
وتضم كلية علوم التمريض  في  داخل  مدينة دنقلا
وكذالك تضم كلية الاداب  في  محلية مروي
وكلية الاثار  والسياحة التي  تقع في  مدينة كرمة التاريخية
ولديها كلية الدراسات العليا التي  تمنح درجة الماجستير  والدكتوراه وفوق  الدكتوراة
وعدد من مراكز البحث  والتطوير

مراجع

د
جامعات وكليات في السودان
مدينة دنقلا
ولاية الشمالية

جامعة دنقلا


خاتم سليمان حسب المعتقدات اليهودية خاتم كان يملكه النبي سليمان، الذي أعطاه الله القدرة على قيادة الشياطين (أو الجن)، والحديث مع الحيوانات. استعمل هذا الرمز كشعار لعدة دول إسلامية في الأناضول مثل إمارة قرمان وإمارة قندار، و هو موجود أيضا على راية قائد الأسطول العثماني خير الدين بربروس، والتي تعود إلى فترة ما بين 1470-1546

إضافة لدول الأناضول فقد استُخدم الخاتم في شمال إفريقيا في شعار أمير المؤمنين عبد القادر بن محي الدين الحسيني مؤسس الدولة الجزائرية الحديثة.

يمثل المثلثان تحالف الماء والنار.

المراجع

رموز سحرية
أختام
أساطير العصور الوسطى
تعويذات
خواتم
علم الشياطين
كائنات سحرية

خاتم سليمان


David Del Río (29 de septiembre de 1987) es un actor estadounidense, más conocido por su papel en la serie de Nickelodeon, The Troop.

Se graduó de la World School of the Arts en Miami, Florida en 2006, y después se graduó en el Conservatorio de Nueva York de Arte Dramático, la Escuela de Cine y Televisión. Recientemente interpreta el papel de Sonny en el musical de Broadway, In the Heights en sustitución de Robin de Jesús, debido a una lesión.

Filmografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actores infantiles de Estados Unidos
Actores de televisión de Estados Unidos
Actores masculinos de Estados Unidos del siglo XXI
Nacidos en Miami

David del Río


An Poa pilcomayensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel. An Poa pilcomayensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Poa

Poa pilcomayensis


Masakatsu Miyamoto (4. juli 1938 - 7. maj 2002) var en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan
Fodboldtrænere fra Japan

Masakatsu Miyamoto


Croitorul cenușiu (Morimus funereus), numit și croitor de piatră, este o specie de gândac din familia Cerambycidae. Se găsește în Macedonia, Belgia, Croația, Slovenia, Cehia, Germania, Ungaria, Republica Moldova, România, Bulgaria, Serbia, Muntenegru, Slovacia, Ucraina și Bosnia și Herțegovina. Are o mărimea de 20-35 mm, are culoare neagră, elitrele cenușii cu două pete mari negre, transversale, aspect catifelat. Larvele se dezvoltă în lemnul de fag și stejar, adulții fiind întâlniți în lunile mai-iulie pe trunchiurile copacilor. Este o specie protejată la nivel european. Comisia Europeană într-o scrisoare adresată guvernului României în noiembrie 2019 a cerut lămuriri asupra impactul autostrăzii Sibiu – Pitești asupra mediului, în special al unui tronson care trece prin Parcul Național Cozia, un habitat al acestei specii.

Note

Legături externe

Specii de insecte
Insecte descrise în 1863
Cerambycidae
Coleoptere din Republica Moldova

Croitor cenușiu


Çıyanlar (Chilopoda), çok hızlı hareket eden, uzun vücuda sahip, eklembacaklılar şubesine ait bir Çok bacaklılar sınıfı. İri türleri zehirlidir, birçoğu dişleri  küçük olduğundan deriyi delemez, Antarktika dışında her yerde yaşarlar. Arılarda olduğu gibi şahdamar, göz gibi organlar sakınılmalıdır, ısırılan yere buz konulmalıdır. Boyları 1 mm ile 30 cm arasında değişir. Akrep, örümcek ve küçük böcekleri yiyerek beslenir.

Tesbih böceğinin bir akrabası olup, daha yavaş ve zararsız olan diğer çöpçül kırkayaklarda (Diplopoda) her boğumda iki çift bacak varken, Çıyanlarda da bir çift bacak olması ikisini ayırt eder.  Etçil beslenen çıyanlar utangaç olsa da tehdit esnasında ısırabilmesine karşın kırkayaklar ise genel kanının aksine sokmaz ve ısırmaz, dokunulduğunda veya tehlike sezince hemen kıvrılıp ölü taklidi yapar.

Tropik iklimlerdeki çıyanlar en fazla 30 cm olabilirler. Böcek olmaktan çok karides türevi eklem bacaklılardır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Miriapodoloji

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 http://atshq.org/articles/centipedes.html
 Çiyanlar
 http://www.cut-the-knot.org/language/centipede.shtml

Zehirli eklem bacaklılar

Çıyanlar


James Francis Stafford (Baltimore, Maryland, Estados Unidos, 26 de julio de 1932) es un cardenal estadounidense, penitenciario mayor emérito de la Penitenciaría Apostólica, Arzobispo emérito de Denver.

Vida

Primeros años
Es hijo único de F. Emmett y Mary Dorothy Stafford. Fue al colegio jesuita Loyola Blakefield, donde terminó sus estudios en 1950. Se matriculó a continuación en la también jesuita Universidad Loyola Maryland para estudiar medicina, pero en 1952 decidió ingresar en el seminario St. Mary's de Baltimore, donde se graduó en 1954. Cursó luego sus estudios de postgrado en el Pontificio Colegio Norteamericano y en la Pontificia Universidad Gregoriana, en Roma, hasta 1958. Durante ese periodo fue ordenado sacerdote el 15 de diciembre de 1957. Al regresar a los Estados Unidos fue destinado como vicario parroquial a la Parroquia del Inmaculado Corazón de María de Baltimore (1958-62), hasta que en 1962 terminó sus estudios en la Universidad Católica de América (1962-64). En 1964 y 1965 estuvo destinado a la Parroquia de Santa Ana Archidiócesis de Baltimore. También fue capellán de Villa María, Baltimore (1976-81). Después de ejercer su ministerio pastoral en diversas instituciones, fue nombrado capellán de Su Santidad en 1969.

Obispo y arzobispo
Fue nombrado Obispo titular de Respetta y obispo auxiliar de Baltimore el 19 de enero de 1976, y fue ordenado obispo el 29 de febrero en la Catedral de María Reina de la Paz por William D. Borders, arzobispo de Baltimore. Los obispos co-consagrantes fueron el cardenal Lawrence Sheehan, arzobispo emérito de Baltimore, y el obispo Austin Murphy, auxiliar de Baltimore.

El 17 de noviembre de 1982, fue nombrado Obispo de Memphis, Tennessee, y el 18 de enero de 1983 tomó posesión de la Diócesis. El 30 de mayo de 1986, fue nombrado Arzobispo de Denver, Colorado, y el 31 de julio tomó posesión de la Archidiócesis.

Ha desempeñado varios cargos de responsabilidad. Fue copresidente del Diálogo entre católicos y luteranos, EE.UU. (1984 a 1997), vicario de la archidiócesis de Baltimore (1976-83), administrador de la Parroquia de los Santos Felipe y Santiago, Baltimore (1980-81), director de las Associated Catholic Charities de la archidiócesis de Baltimore (1966-76), miembro del Consejo del Centro de Planeación Metropolitana de la Universidad Johns Hopkins (de 1973 hasta 1983), Presidente del Consejo Presbiteral de la archidiócesis de Baltimore (1971), miembro y después presidente de la Comisión Episcopal de Asuntos Ecuménicos e Interreligiosos de la Conferencia de los Obispos Católicos de los Estados Unidos (1984-91).

También fue Presidente de la Comisión 'ad hoc' para la Evaluación de la Red de Telecomunicaciones Católica de la Conferencia Católica de los Estados Unidos (1987-89), miembro del Comité 'ad hoc' de la USCCB sobre el fundamentalismo bíblico (1985-87), miembro del Consejo de Administración del Centro Papa Juan (1986-1989), miembro del USCCB para el Diálogo entre católicos y judíos (1988-91), Copresidente del comité de consulta entre católicos y ortodoxos orientales de la USCCB (1988-91), Presidente de la Comisión de Matrimonio y Vida Familiar de la USCCB (desde 1978 hasta 1984), Miembro de la Comisión sobre Doctrina de la USCCB (1978-1984), miembro del Sínodo ordinario sobre el Matrimonio y la Familia (1980), Copresidente del Diálogo entre el Consejo Mundial de la Iglesia Metodista y los católicos del Consejo Pontificio para la Promoción de la Unidad de los Cristianos, Roma (1977 a 1987), Miembro del Consejo de Administración del Pontificio Colegio Norteamericano (1989-96), miembro del Consejo de Administración de la Universidad Católica de América (1990-96), miembro de la Congregación para la Comisión Episcopal ad hoc de las Conferencias Episcopales (1990-92).

Anteriormente, en 1993, como arzobispo de Denver, había recibido al papa Juan Pablo II en la ciudad elegida como sede para la octava Jornada Mundial de la Juventud. El arzobispo Stafford presentó el pueblo de Colorado al Papa. "Nos hemos reunido para escuchar su mensaje profético", dijo al comienzo de la misa celebrada en la Fiesta de la Asunción en la conclusión de la Jornada Mundial de la Juventud.

En el Sínodo de América, el 25 de noviembre de 1995, en la XIII Congregación General habló sobre el tema "Los laicos en la cultura de la desilusión". "¿Cómo puede la Iglesia catequizar en un mundo de realidad virtual?", se preguntó en el Sínodo. "La formación de los laicos para la comunión adquiere una gran importancia en una cultura descristianizada".

Presidente del Consejo para los laicos
Cuando renunció al cargo de Arzobispo de Denver el 20 de agosto de 1996, fue nombrado Presidente del Consejo Pontificio para los Laicos, sustituyendo al Cardenal Eduardo Pironio en el cargo.

Como Presidente del Consejo, organizó la XII Jornada Mundial de la Juventud, que tuvo lugar en París en agosto de 1997. Al comienzo de la celebración eucarística en Longchamp el domingo 24 de agosto, el Arzobispo Stafford expresó al Papa la gratitud de todos los jóvenes reunidos en París, donde, dijo, había nacido una nueva "revolución del amor".

Stafford fue Presidente del Consejo Pontificio para los Laicos desde 1996 hasta 2003. Como presidente del consejo, organizó las reuniones internacionales del Día Mundial de la Juventud en París en 1997, en Roma Tor Vergata durante el Jubileo del Año 2000 y en Toronto, Canadá, en 2002.

Fue Penitenciario Mayor de la Penitenciaría Apostólica, desde 2003 hasta 2009.

Cardenal
Fue creado y proclamado Cardenal por Juan Pablo II en el consistorio del 21 de febrero de 1998, con el titulus de cardenal presbítero de San Pedro en Montorio.

Notas y referencias

 Holy See Press Office. Cardinal James Francis Stafford (en inglés)
 Catholic-Hierarchy. James Francis Cardinal Stafford
 Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. Cardinale James Francis Stafford (en italiano)

Véase también
 Jornada Mundial de la Juventud

Enlaces externos

Alumnado de la Universidad Católica de América
Cardenales creados por Juan Pablo II
Cardenales de Estados Unidos
Pontificio Consejo para los Laicos
Provincia eclesiástica de Louisville
Obispos nombrados por Pablo VI
Arzobispos nombrados por Juan Pablo II
Alumnado de la  Pontificia Universidad Gregoriana
Alumnado de la Universidad Loyola Maryland
Nacidos en Baltimore
Obispos católicos del siglo XX
Arzobispos del siglo XX
Obispos de Estados Unidos del siglo XX
Obispos católicos de Estados Unidos

James Stafford


Guangdong Vilayet Stadyumu, Çin'in Guangzhou şehrinde çok amaçlı olarak inşa edilen bir stadyum

Çoğunlukla futbol müsabakalarının yapıldığı Guangdong Vilayet Stadyumu, 25.000 seyirci kapasitelidir.

Çin'deki stadyumlar

Guangdong Vilayet Stadyumu


Aldershot Town Football Club er en professionel fodboldklub baseret i Aldershot, Hampshire, England. Klubben spiller i National League, den femte bedste engelske fodboldrække. Klubben blev grundlagt i foråret 1992 efter lukningen af gældsprægede Fourth Division-klub Aldershot FC .

Aldershot Town spiller på Recreation Ground i Aldershot. De spillede i Football League Two fra 2008 til 2013, men rykkede ud af Football League efter 2012-13-sæsonen. Aldershot Town kom under administration den 2. maj 2013.

Historie

Etablering og Isthmian-årene
I marts 1992 var byen Aldershot uden en fodboldklub, efter at Aldershot FC blev det første fodboldligahold til at lukke under fodboldsæsonen siden Accrington Stanley i 1962. Aldershot Town blev født senere samme år, og påbegyndte livet med at spille i Isthmian League Division Three. På trods af Aldershot Town spillede fem divisioner lavere end fodboldligaen, var tilskueretallet til af deres første ligakampe højere end det gamle holds sidste hjemmekamp. Ti sejre i træk fandt sted under ledelse af den tidligere spiller Steve Wignall, og Aldershot vandt mesterskabet med en 18-point-margen.

En yderligere oprykning og en FA Vase kvartfinale placering blev opnået i 1993-94 sæsonen. Da Steve Wignall tog afsted for at overtage Colchester United midt i løbet af 1994-95-sæsonen, overtog den tidligere Nottingham Forest-fløj Steve Wigley. Klubben sluttede sæsonen 1994-95 med en seks sejre i træk, men gik glip af oprykning på grund af målforskel. Efter kun lige at misse oprykning i de to efterfølgende sæsoner forlod Wigley i juli 1997 for at blive ungdomstræner i Nottingham Forest. Han blev erstattet af George Borg. Tilskueretallet fortsatte med at stige i denne periode, og den sidste kamp i 1997-98 Isthmian League First Division mesterskabssæsonen, hjemme mod Berkhamsted Town, tiltrak 4.289 personer til Recreation Ground  - en ligarekord. Succesen under Borg fortsatte med en sejr i Isthmian League Cup, to Hampshire Senior Cups og en andenplads i Isthmian League Premier Division.

George Borg trådte tilbage som manager i november 2001 efter pres fra tilhængere og blev erstattet af Terry Brown. Han vandt sit første spil med ansvaret for at slå Newport IOW 1-0 i Hampshire Senior Cup Semi-Final Second Leg, hvor Shots blev spillet for at vinde finalen mod Havant & Waterlooville . I Browns første fulde sæson var han ved at revidere holdet, og i midten af november var skudene øverst på bordet, en stilling, som de ikke overgav resten af sæsonen, vinde forfremmelse til fodboldkonferencen . Klubben bevarede også Hampshire Senior Cup med en 2-1 sejr over Bashley .

Administration og tilbagevenden til Conference
I sommeren 2012 led en stor aktionær et stort slagtilfælde, hvilket svækkede ham og skabte en finansiel usikkerhed, der ville vise sig farlig i det følgende år. I maj 2013 meddelte Aldershot Town, at de havde økonomiske vanskeligheder, hvor spillernes lønninger ikke blev udbetalt. Den administrerende direktør, Andrew Mills, annoncerede sin opsigelse og sagde, at der ikke var tegn på, at hovedaktionæren Kris Machala havde evnen til at finansiere klubben. Direktør Tony Knights indrømmede, at klubben havde "blødt penge". Den 2. maj 2013, kun fem dage efter deres nedrykning fra Football League, kom Aldershot Town officielt under administrationen. Klubben havde en gæld på over £ 1 million.

Den 1. august 2013 bekræftede Aldershot Town overtagelsen af klubben af et konsortium ledet af tidligere formand Shahid Azeem. I forbindelse hermed annoncerede klubben aftalen om en lukrativ aftale med Chelsea om at være vært for et betydeligt antal kampe, der spilles af Chelsea Academy and Reserves i løbet af de næste to år.

Spillere

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officiel hjemmeside

Fodboldklubber i England
Etableret i 1992
Pages with unreviewed translations

Aldershot Town F.C.


Ford GT40, 24 saat Le Mans yarışını dört kez üst üste (1966-1969) kazanan spor otomobil. Uzun mesafe spor otomobil yarışlarını 1960-1965 arasında altı kez üst üste kazanan Ferrari'ye rakip olarak üretilmiştir. Araçta Ferrari'nin 3,0 litre ve 4,0 litre hacimli motorlar kullanmasına karşılık büyük hacimli Ford V8 motorları (4,9 litre ve 7 litre) kullanılmıştır. Günümüzde aracın üretimi Shelby-American Inc. ve Superformance LLC. tarafından yapılmaktadır.

Aracın isimlendirilmesi
Aracın GT40 olarak isimlendirilmesi Grand Tourisme kategorisinde yarışacağı için kurallar gereği azami yüksekliğinin 40 inç (1,02 m) olması sebebiyledir.

Le Mans Yarışı sonuçları

GT40
Le Mans 24 Saat otomobilleri
1965'te tanıtılan otomobiller
1960'lar otomobilleri

Ford GT40


Pedro Otto Bumbel (6. júlí 1914 - 2. ágúst 1998) var brasilískur knattspyrnuþjálfari.

Otto Mumbel hóf þjálfunarferil aðeins 23 ára að aldri eftir skammvinnan knattspyrnuferil hjá Flamengo og Corinthians. Eftir að hafa stýrt nokkrum brasilískum félagsliðum frá 1937-50 lá leið Mumbel til Mið-Ameríku. Þar stýrði hann bæði félagsliðum og landsliðum í Kosta Ríka, Gvatemala og El Salvador næstu misserin.

Frá 1956 til 1979 stýrði Bumbel tólf spænskum og portúgölskum félagsliðum, sumum oftar en einu sinni. Þeirra á meðal var Atlético Madrid en undir hans stjórn varð félagið bikarmeistari leiktíðina 1964-65.

Brasilískir knattspyrnustjórar
Knattspyrnustjórar Atlético Madrid

Otto Bumbel


A Copa dos Presidentes, também chamada de Copa da Liga das Maldivas, é uma competição nacional de formato mata-mata de futebol da República das Maldivas.

História
A primeira edição foi a de 1971/72 e o campeão foi o Victory SC.

A última edição aconteceu em 2017 e o campeão foi o New Radiant SC.

Formato
A competição é realizada no formato mata-mata.

Na primeira fase, quatro equipes formam dois jogos (semifinais), onde o vencedor de cada confronto classifica-se para a final.

Final
Aqui, os dois vencedores das semifinais se enfrentam em jogo único e o vencedor recebe o título de campeão do certame.

Títulos por clube

Ver também
 Campeonato Maldivo de Futebol
 Copa das Maldivas
 Estádio Galolhu Rasmee Dhandu
 Supercopa das Maldivas
 Liga dos Campeões da AFC
 Copa dos Presidentes da AFC
 Copa da SAFF

Copa das Maldivas

Copa dos Presidentes (Maldivas)


معايير الويب هي مجموعة من المعايير تم انشائها من قبل منظمة رابطة الشبكة العالمية أو بالعربية: اتحاد شبكة الويب العالمية بهدف تسهيل قابلية الوصول إلى المعلومات، ولتسهيل التعامل معها باستخدام المنتجات المتخصصة في شبكة الويب، كالمتصفحات وبرامجح تحرير المواقع وبرامج الإدارة.

إزداد الاهتمام بمعايير الويب خاصة في ظل التطور الكبير في أدوات تصفح الإنترنت ومنها: الهاتف النقال، والحاسب، ولتلبية حاجات الناس جميعا في تصفح الإنترنت إن كان الإنسان صحيحا أو معقوفا.

أنواع معايير W3C
قامت منظمة W3C بإنشاء الكثير من المعايير ومنها:
 لغة ترميز النص الفائق 4.0
 صفحات الطرز المتراصة
 DOM
 بي إن جي
 إطار توصيف الموارد
 لغة الترميز القابلة للامتداد 1.0
 XHTML 1.0
 لغة رقم النص الفائق القابلة للتمديد 1.1

فوائد معايير الويب
 تصغير حجم الموقع المبني بمعايير الويب والتقليل من وزنه، فالمواقع التي يتم كتابتها بمعايير W3C القياسية تكون عادة أصغر حجما بمقدار 20% إلى 60% من المواقع التي لا يتم كتابتها بهذه المعايير، واستخدام المعايير بالشكل الصحيح يؤدي إلى تقليل تكلفة الصفحات كبيرة الحجم.
 الثبات، تساعد معايير W3C على الثبات في المستقبل (أي لن تحتاج لإعادة التصميم مرة أخرى لكل برنامج تصفح) فمعايير W3C تجعل التصميم متناسب مع جميع الأجهزة وأدوات التصفح.
 تسهيل الوصول للمحتوى، تساعد معايير W3C الناس إلى الوصول إلى المحتوى بطريقة أسهل، فهي تسهل الوصول إلى المعلومات لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة كالمكفوفين، والمصابين بضعف البصر.. بالإضافة إلى الاصحاء حيث تسهل عليهم الوصول للمعلومات.
 تسهيل عملية الوصول من قبل البرامج ومحركات البحث، تجعل المعايير القياسية الوصول إلى محتويات الموقع أسهل للبرامج ومحركات البحث فتزيد من الأرشفة، لأن المواقع المكتوبة بالمعايير القياسية تكون مبنية على هيكل واضح.

منظمات أخرى لمعايير الويب
يوجد العديد من المنظمات التي تضع معايير الويب كمنظمة ECMA حيث وضعت هذه المنظمة بما يفوق 270 مواصفات لمعايير الويب.

انظر أيضا
 رابطة الشبكة العالمية
 لغة ترميز النص الفائق
 لغة رقم النص الفائق القابلة للتمديد
 صفحات الطرز المتراصة

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الدرس 16: المعايير القياسية
 Markup Validation Service

معايير الويب


Thomas Addison (Longbenton, 2 de abril de 1793-Brighton, 29 de junio de 1860) fue un científico y médico británico del . Descubrió varias enfermedades, entre las que se encuentran la enfermedad de Addison (una patología degenerativa de las glándulas suprarrenales) y la anemia perniciosa, un padecimiento hematológico causado por la incapacidad de absorber la vitamina B12.

Primeros años
Thomas Addison nació en Longbenton, cerca de Newcastle upon Tyne, hijo de Sarah y Joseph Addison, un tendero y comerciante de harina en Long Benton. Asistió a la escuela local y más tarde a la Royal Free Grammar School en Newcastle upon Tyne. Aprendió latín de manera tal que tomaba sus notas en dicho idioma y podía hablarlo con fluidez.

El padre de Addison quería que fuese abogado, pero en 1812 ingresó en la Universidad de Edimburgo como estudiante de medicina. En 1815 se graduó como doctor en Medicina, con una tesis titulada Dissertatio medica inauguralis quaedam de syphilide et hydrargyro complectens ("Disertación médica sobre la sífilis y el mercurio").

Addison se mudó de Edimburgo a Londres ese mismo año y comenzó a trabajar como cirujano residente en el Lock Hospital. En esa época, fue alumno de Thomas Bateman en un centro público. Comenzó una práctica particular de medicina mientras era médico en un pabellón abierto en Carey Street.

Bajo la influencia de sus maestros, Addison comenzó a fascinarse con las enfermedades dermatológicas. Esta fascinación, que duró hasta el final de su vida, lo llevó a ser el primero en describir los cambios en la pigmentación de la piel, típica de lo que en la actualidad se conoce como enfermedad de Addison.

Guy's Hospital
El comienzo de la célebre carrera de Addison como médico y científico suele datarse en 1817, cuando comenzó a trabajar como alumno médico en el Guy's Hospital. La Escuela de Medicina Guy's registró su entrada de la siguiente manera: "13 de diciembre de 1817, de Edimburgo, Dr. T. Addison, pagó 22-1 libras para ser un alumno médico perpetuo". Addison obtuvo su licenciatura en el Royal College of Physicians en 1819 y algunos años después fue elegido miembro del Royal College.

El 14 de enero de 1824, Addison fue ascendido a asistente médico, y en 1827 fue nombrado conferenciante de materia medica. En 1835 Addison fue conferenciante conjunto con Richard Bright sobre medicina práctica, y en 1837 se convirtió en médico del Guy's Hospital. Cuando Bright se retiró de las conferencias en 1840, Addison asumió solo el cargo, que mantuvo hasta el año 1855. En esa época, cuando los estudiantes de medicina pagaban para asistir a cursos separados y conferencias, buscaban por toda la ciudad a los maestros más atractivos, y Addison era un conferenciante brillante, por lo que atraía gran cantidad de gente a sus charlas.

Thomas Addison era un diagnosticador muy bueno, pero tendía a ser taciturno y tímido en la atención directa a los pacientes, en una época en que los médicos solían trabajar con prácticas numerosas. Fue uno de los médicos más respetados del Guy's Hospital, donde influyó a sus alumnos y compañeros, dedicándose casi por completo a sus estudiantes y pacientes. Fue descrito como el tipo de médico que siempre trata de descubrir el cambio en una pieza de maquinaria, en lugar de aquellos, como su contemporáneo Benjamin Guy Babington, que consideraban a sus pacientes como seres humanos sufrientes y sensibles.

Fallecimiento
Thomas Addison sufrió de muchos episodios de depresión clínica grave. Al parecer, la depresión contribuyó a su retiro en 1860; ese año, les escribió a sus estudiantes de medicina: "Una anomalía considerable en mi salud me ha asustado ante el agobio, las responsabilidades y la emoción de mi profesión; si esto será temporal o permanente todavía no puede asegurarse, pero, cualquiera que sea el problema, pueden estar seguros de que nada ha estado nunca mejor calculado para calmarme que el amable interés manifestado por los alumnos del Guy's Hospital durante los muchos años que le dediqué a dicha institución".

Tres meses después, el 29 de junio de 1860, Addison se suicidó. El día posterior a su muerte, el periódico Brighton Herald publicó:

Fue sepultado en el cementerio del priorato de Lanercost. El hospital mandó hacer un busto con su imagen, nombró una nueva ala del hospital en honor a él y perpetuó su memoria con una placa de mármol en la capilla.

Enfermedades que descubrió
Addison es conocido en la actualidad por haber descubierto y descrito varias enfermedades. Su nombre fue incluido en los anales de la medicina como parte del nombre de varias patologías médicas, incluyendo:

 enfermedad de Addison, que causa la destrucción progresiva de las glándulas suprarrenales, causando una deficiencia en la secreción de hormonas adrenocorticales. Addison describió esta condición en una publicación de 1855, On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Suprarenal Capsules.
 crisis de Addison, una crisis que pone en peligro la vida, causada por la enfermedad de Addison.
 addisonismo, un conjunto de síntomas parecidos a la enfermedad de Addison pero que no se deben a ésta; es decir, no son causados por una falla en las glándulas suprarrenales.
 anemia addisioniana, en la actualidad sinónimo de anemia perniciosa, que se relaciona con la deficiencia de vitamina B12. Fue descrita por primera vez en 1849.
 síndrome de Addison-Schilder, una enfermedad metabólica que combina las características de la enfermedad de Addison y la esclerosis múltiple.

Addison fue uno de los primeros en describir con precisión la apendicitis y escribió un estudio importante acerca de las acciones del veneno. También realizó contribuciones que desembocaron en el reconocimiento y comprensión de varias otras enfermedades, incluyendo:
 la enfermedad I de Alibert, una patología cutánea caracterizada por manchas rosáceas, rodeadas de un halo púrpura;
 síndrome de Allgrove, un defecto congénito en la lagrimación;
 enfermedad de Rayer, una enfermedad caracterizada por falta de pigmentación, ictericia y ensanchamiento del hígado y el bazo.

Bibliografía

Lectura complementaria

Enlaces externos

 Biografía de Thomas Addison en Wehner.org (en inglés)
 Epitafio y tumba en Lanercost Priory

Médicos de Inglaterra del siglo XIX
Endocrinólogos del Reino Unido
Alumnado del King's College de Londres
Alumnado de la Universidad de Edimburgo
Suicidas de Inglaterra
Suicidios por salto
Fallecidos en Brighton

Thomas Addison


"The Paper Champions" fue una banda estadounidense Emo/Indie proveniente de Atlanta, EE. UU., formada desde el año 2004.

Sonido

Su sonido se asemeja a Mineral, The Appleseed Cast y Jawbreaker debido a sus melodías suaves, intensas y armoniosas en todas sus canciones.

Discografía

Su primer lanzamiento fue su LP titulado "Weekend to Compromise", lanzado por "Reason Y Records" en el 2005. Un año después, lanzan su primer EP llamado "End.Transmission" durante el año 2006 por la misma discográfica. Su último lanzamiento sería su LP titulado "Sounds From The Cutting Room Floor" en el año 2008 por "Reason Y Records" en conjunto con la discográfica "The Orchard Records". La banda también se hace mayormente conocida por su canción Ask Emma en el álbum "The Emo Diaries #9", extraída del álbum "Sounds From The Cutting Room Floor" en el año 2008. Prácticamente, después de este álbum, la banda se separa dándose un descanso indefinido.

Enlaces externos

 PureVolume de la banda
 Reason Y Records
 Myspace Oficial

Grupos de música de Georgia (Estados Unidos)
Grupos de rock de Georgia (Estados Unidos)
Grupos de emo de Estados Unidos
Grupos de música de los años 2000

The Paper Champions


Richard L. Berkowitz ist ein US-amerikanischer Gynäkologe.

Leben
Richard Berkowitz studierte an der New York University School of Medicine und absolvierte seine Facharztausbildung am Kings County Medical Center (Internship) und New York Hospital/Cornell Medical Center (Residency). Er war 18 Jahre lang Chefarzt der Abteilung Geburtshilfe (Obstetrik) und Gynäkologie an der Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, bevor er Professor für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie an der Columbia University (College of Physicians and Surgeons) wurde. Er ist dort auch seit 2005 Direktor für Facharztausbildung (Resident Education).

Berkowitz leistete wichtige Beiträge zur Entwicklung von chirurgischen Therapien und Diagnoseverfahren von Kindern im Mutterleib, etwa zur Behandlung von Rhesus-Inkompatibilität, Obstruktionen des Urintrakts bei Föten, der Behandlung problematischer Mehrfach-Schwangerschaften und bei der Verwendung von Ultraschall zur Diagnose bei Schwangerschaften.

Er veröffentlichte über 200 Fachaufsätze und 35 Buchkapitel und Bücher. 2012 erhielt er mit James Bruce Bussel den König-Faisal-Preis.  Berkowitz arbeitete mit Bussel über mehr als zwei Jahrzehnte an der Erforschung und Entwicklung von diagnostischen Verfahren und nicht-invasiven Therapieverfahren für Alloimmun-Thrombozytopenie.

Er war Präsident der New York Obstetrical Society.

Schriften
 mit Sheldon Cherry, Nathan G. Kase Rovinsky and Guttmacher's Medical, surgical, and gynecologic complications of pregnancy, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins 1985
 Herausgeber: Critical care of the obstetric patient, New York, Churchill Livingstone 1983
 Herausgeber mit John C. Hobbins, Fred Winsberg: Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins 1983
 Herausgeber mit Donald R. Coustan, Tara K. Mochizuki: Handbook of prescribing medications during pregnancy, 2. Auflage, Boston, Little Brown 1986
 Herausgeber mit Carmel Cohen, Nathan Kase Obstetric Ultrasonography, gynecologic oncology, Churchill Livingstone 1988

Weblinks
 Seite an der Columbia University
 Zum Erhalt des König-Faisal-Preises
 Würdigung auf Seiten des König-Faisal-Preises

Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Columbia University)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Mann

Richard L. Berkowitz


Semender () ist eine Siedlung städtischen Typs in der Republik Dagestan (Russland) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ).

Geographie
Semender liegt 6 km vom Ufer des Kaspischen Meeres und etwa 8 km in westlicher Richtung vom Zentrums der Stadt Machatschkala entfernt. Südöstlich der Siedlung erhebt sich steil das Bergmassiv Tarki-Tau mit seinem höchsten Punkt Mys Sarijar auf  über dem Meeresspiegel.

Die Siedlung gehört zum Stadtkreis der dagestanischen Hauptstadt Machatschkala und ist der Verwaltung des Rajons Kirowski, eines der drei Verwaltungsbezirke der Stadt, unterstellt.

Geschichte
Semender entstand ab Ende der 1980er-Jahre als Wohnvorort des schnell wachsenden Machatschkala und erhielt 1999 den Status einer Siedlung städtischen Typs.

Der Name ist von dem der mittelalterlichen Stadt Samandar (auch Semender) abgeleitet. Diese war im 6. bis 8. Jahrhundert Hauptstadt des Chasarenreiches, vor der Verlegung ins nördlichere Itil. Der Name wiederum ist möglicherweise von dem des in der Gegend siedelnden, den Awaren nahestehenden Stammesverbundes Sabender abgeleitet. Die genaue Lage des alten Samandar ist unbekannt, ein in Frage kommender Ort ist aber das unweit des heutigen Semender gelegene Tarki an der Ostseite des Tarki-Tau, wo alte Siedlungsreste gefunden wurden.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Anmerkung: Volkszählungsdaten

Infrastruktur
Westlich und südlich an Semender vorbei führt die Fernstraße R217 (ehemals M29, bis Machatschkala zugleich Teil der Europastraße 50), die entlang dem Nordrand des Kaukasus und der Küste des Kaspischen Meeres in Richtung Aserbaidschan verläuft, sowie deren westlicher Zubringer ins Zentrum von Machatschkala. Mit Machatschkala besteht Stadtbus- und "Marschrutka"-Verbindung.

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Dagestan
Machatschkala

Semender


Este é um compilado acerca das estatísticas de jogos disputados e gols marcados por Pelé ao longo de sua carreira futebolística, sejam eles considerados de caráter oficial ou não.

As estatísticas acerca dos jogos e gols de Pelé variam de acordo com as fontes. A quantidade de jogos totais varia entre 1363 e 1410, e a de gols totais, entre 1276 a 1327. No que tange a jogos e gols considerados oficiais, as estatísticas variam entre 831 a 846 jogos e entre 757 a 796 gols. Tais divergências se dão devido tanto aos critérios de consideração ou não de determinadas partidas, quanto de oficialidade delas.

A listagem apresentada neste artigo não baseia-se em apenas uma única fonte, mas no cruzamento de relações de diversos acervos estatísticos, comparações entre critérios das fontes utilizadas e reportagens de veículos de imprensa. Ela perpassa todas as partidas disputadas por Pelé desde sua estreia na equipe profissional do Santos Futebol Clube, em partida amistosa em 7 de setembro de 1956, até sua aposentadoria do futebol em partida amistosa simbólica em 1 de outubro de 1977, além de 8 partidas disputadas entre 1978 e 1990, que são costumeiramente computadas em listagens gerais das fontes mencionadas. No quesito de oficialidade, este artigo opta por explicitar os critérios utilizados por cada fonte sempre que mencionar esta característica em suas análises estatísticas.

Lista de jogos e gols

1956–1959

1960–1964

1965–1969

1970–1974

1975–1990

Estatísticas

Comparação entre fontes e critérios de oficialidade
Diferentes fontes apontam para diferentes estatísticas acerca da quantidade de jogos e gols de Pelé, a depender dos critérios utilizados para contabilização. As fontes consultadas por este artigo indicam entre 1363 e 1393 jogos disputados e entre 1279 e 1303 gols marcados. A lista do presente artigo contabilizou um total de 1373 jogos e 1287 gols.

Em termos de jogos e gols considerados "oficiais", também há divergências estatísticas, devido não apenas à diferença de jogos contabilizados (que também justificam as divergências nos jogos totais) como também devido às considerações de cada fonte do que caracteriza uma partida como sendo oficial ou não. A Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF) contabilizava, em sua base de dados, 767 gols em 831 jogos oficiais, sendo estes números utilizados por diversas fontes secundárias na imprensa internacional. Estes valores foram calculados considerando apenas os jogos de Pelé pelos times principais do Santos e do New York Cosmos (excetuando-se partidas amistosas), da Seleção Brasileira (excetuando-se partidas amistosas contra equipes que não sejam seleções nacionais registradas na FIFA), da Seleção Paulista e da Seleção Militar no Campeonato Sul-Americano Militar de 1959. Em 2022, porém, a RSSSF revisou estas estatísticas e os números atuais que apresenta diferem dos anteriormente reportados. Tanto a revista El Gráfico quanto a ESPN's Stats & Information Group contabilizam 757 gols em jogos oficiais; estes levantamentos consideram aproximadamente as mesmas premissas adotadas pela RSSSF, com a diferença de que nenhum dos jogos disputados por Pelé pela Seleção Paulista ou pela Seleção Militar são considerados como sendo oficiais.

Abaixo estão os principais resultados de levantamentos realizados por diferentes fontes acerca das estatísticas de jogos e gols de Pelé.

Por equipe e competição
Pelé jogou profissionalmente por 2 clubes (Santos e New York Cosmos) e defendeu a Seleção Brasileira a nível nacional e a Seleção Paulista a nível estadual. Porém, nas estatísticas que levam em conta seus mais de mil gols marcados, existem jogos computados para outras equipes, seja de cunho militar, beneficente, festivo e outras. A seguir estão todos os jogos e gols de Pelé em sua carreira por ano, tipo de competição e equipe defendida.

De forma gráfica, a evolução dos gols do Pelé se comporta da seguinte maneira:

Considerando os jogos e gols oficiais, de acordo com o critério adotado por El Gráfico e ESPN, o gráfico se comporta da seguinte maneira:

A seguir, estão os rankings das equipes que Pelé mais jogou e marcou gols, em termos de jogos totais e oficiais (utilizando-se o critério adotado por El Gráfico e ESPN).

A seguir, estão os rankings das competições nas quais Pelé mais jogou e marcou gols, em termos de jogos totais e oficiais (utilizando-se o critério adotado por El Gráfico e ESPN).

Por Tipo de Gol
 Gols de pênalti: 109
 Gols de falta: 70
 Gols olímpicos: 1
 Total de gols em "bolas paradas" (Pênalti, falta e olímpico): 180

Por Quantidade de Gols Marcados por Partida
 8 gols: 1 vez - Contra o Botafogo-SP, em partida válida pelo Campeonato Paulista, no dia 21/11/1964.
 5 gols: 7 vezes
 4 gols: 30 vezes
 3 gols: 92 vezes
 2 gols: 190 vezes
 1 gol: 467 vezes

Milésimo gol

No final de 1969, Pelé se aproximou de seu milésimo gol, criando grande expectativa no país. A situação foi ironizada pelo cartunista Henfil, em charge na qual um repórter anuncia ao público, após um espirro de Pelé, que "agora faltam só dois para o milésimo espirro de Pelé!". No início de novembro, Pelé já tinha marcado 996 gols, e as duas próximas partidas seriam clássicos contra o Corinthians e o São Paulo. A partida contra o primeiro em particular gerou imensa expectativa, já que o Corinthians era o time no qual Pelé mais tinha marcado. Não há números oficiais sobre o público, que foi estimado em 65 mil pessoas. Pelé não marcou contra o Corinthians, tampouco contra o São Paulo. Na partida seguinte, contra o Santa Cruz, Pelé marcou dois gols.

O próximo confronto da equipe foi um amistoso contra o Botafogo de João Pessoa. Os jogadores dos Santos temiam que o time local "arrumasse" dois gols para Pelé, para que o estádio da capital paraibana entrasse na história. Pelé chegou a se recusar a bater um pênalti durante a partida, mas acabou sendo convencido pelos companheiros. Pelé converteu o pênalti, chegando ao gol de número 999 na carreira. Logo depois de seu gol, o goleiro do Santos se lesionou, e a equipe já tinha feito todas as substituições possíveis; desse modo, para evitar que Pelé marcasse o milésimo naquela partida, o jogador foi escolhido para atuar como goleiro. O goleiro santista, Jair Estevão, mais tarde admitiria que sua contusão fora forjada para evitar que Pelé marcasse o milésimo.

A partida seguinte era contra o Bahia, na Fonte Nova. Antes do confronto, Pelé declarou que gostaria muito de chegar ao milésimo em Salvador. Uma grande festa foi programada para a ocasião, com trio elétrico e dançarinas de axé; o árbitro da partida, Arnaldo Cezar Coelho, teve que ir para a capital baiana um dia antes do confronto, para participar do ensaio para a festa. Durante a partida, Pelé driblou o goleiro e arrematou para o gol, mas a bola foi tirada em cima da linha pelo zagueiro Nildo, que foi vaiado pela torcida de acordo com algumas fontes e mostrado no filme Pelé Eterno, porém aplaudido de acordo com outras fontes; o jogador também foi repreendido pelo presidente do Bahia. Nildo acabaria ficando conhecido como "o zagueiro que evitou o milésimo"; segundo o jogador, "Deus me ajudou a tirar aquela bola", afirmando ainda que "faria tudo novamente".

O milésimo gol veio em 19 de novembro de 1969, em uma partida contra o Vasco da Gama, quando Pelé marcou a partir de um pênalti, no Estádio do Maracanã. O goleiro vascaíno, o argentino Andrada, teve atuação destacada, evitando um gol de Pelé no primeiro tempo, em defesa classificada como "colossal" pelo Jornal dos Sports. Segundo Pelé, os jogadores vascaínos tentavam irritá-lo, dando tapas em sua cabeça e afirmando "Não vai ser hoje, Crioulo". Nas palavras do ex-jogador, "fizeram tudo o que podiam para me impedir de marcar". No segundo tempo, Pelé avançou com a bola pela área vascaína, e se chocou com o zagueiro Fernando Silva, resultando em um pênalti a favor do Santos. Fernando Silva passou o resto da vida negando que houve falta no lance; segundo o jogador, foi Pelé que se chocou contra sua perna, classificando ainda o ocorrido como uma "lambança" do juiz, e sugerindo que este poderia ter "facilitado" para que Pelé fizesse o milésimo gol naquela partida.

Marcado o pênalti, o nome de Pelé passou a ser gritado no Maracanã, até mesmo pela torcida vascaína. Pelé chutou no canto esquerdo de Andrada, que chegou a tocar na bola, mas não conseguiu evitar o gol. Ao cair e perceber que a bola tinha entrado, Andrada socou a grama, enquanto Pelé comemorava o gol, em imagem considerada histórica. Andrada permaneceu no chão por mais um tempo, e só levantou ao ser erguido por um companheiro. O goleiro no dia anterior tinha manifestado o desejado de evitar o gol número mil; anos mais tarde, afirmou sobre o evento que "o gol veio e em pouco tempo você vai se acostumando e você acaba o adotando como um filho".

Feito o gol, Pelé correu para a bola, beijando-a. O jogador foi cercado por jornalistas e carregado por dirigentes do Santos. Pelé dedicou o gol às "crianças, "pessoas pobres" e "velhinhos cegos". O discurso foi criticado por alguns, que esperavam uma fala contra a ditadura militar brasileira, que um ano antes tinha editado o Ato Institucional n.º 5 (AI-5), considerado o mais duro dos atos institucionais do regime militar. O jogo foi suspenso por 20 minutos, e Pelé deu uma volta olímpica no estádio, com uma camisa do Vasco com número "1000" nas costas.

Milésimo gol (outra versão)
Existe uma outra versão que contesta onde, quando e contra quem foi feito o milésimo gol de Pelé. Com testemunhas e provas que afirmam que o milésimo gol de Pelé aconteceu no dia 14 de novembro de 1969 em uma partida amistosa entre Santos e Botafogo da Paraíba, na capital João Pessoa, do estado da Paraíba. A partida aconteceu no Estádio Olímpico, hoje conhecido como Vila Olímpica Parahyba, situada no bairro dos Estados, onde o Santos venceu a partida por um placar de 3 a 0.  O ponta-direita do Santos Manoel Maria marcou os dois primeiros gols e em seguida sofreu um pênalti, Pelé foi escolhido para bater o pênalti, mas de início relutou em bater, porém depois de muita insistência dos companheiros resolveu bater o pênalti a contragosto, então fez o gol no goleiro Lula do Botafogo da Paraíba, em seguida Pelé substituiu o goleiro Jair Estevão que fingiu se contundir para Pelé poder virar o goleiro do Santos até o final da partida e não ter que marcar mais gols, já que ele queria fazer o seu gol de número 1000 em uma partida no Maracanã.

No dia pensaram ter sido feito o gol de número 999 de Pelé, entretanto após quase 30 anos durante a década de 1990 uma recontagem foi feita pelo jornal Folha de S.Paulo que descobriu um gol esquecido de Pelé em um campeonato sul-americano militar de 1959, na época Pelé jogando pela seleção das forças armadas do Brasil, venceu em uma partida a seleção do Paraguai por um placar de 4 a 1 no dia 18 de novembro de 1959, naquele jogo ele fez o segundo gol do Brasil na partida que futuramente após ser descoberto na recontagem viria alterar a quantidade do número de gols feitos por Pelé, assim fazendo o de número 999 virar o de número 1000.  Apesar das estatísticas afirmarem que o milésimo gol foi contra o Vasco da Gama no Maracanã, o gol contra o Paraguai veio a ser encontrado muitos anos depois gerando a confusão. Após a descoberta do "gol perdido", ao ser indagado sobre seu milésimo gol ter sido feito na Paraíba, Pelé não negou mas também não confirmou se foi, dando a entender que ele estava em dúvida se o milésimo gol tinha sido feito na Paraíba ou no Rio de Janeiro, porém confirmou que participou da partida entre Santos e Botafogo da Paraíba realizado em João Pessoa e que também fez um gol de pênalti.

Curiosidades
Em sua longa carreira, o Rei do Futebol perdeu 18 pênaltis pelo Santos. Isso sem contar duas cobranças que o camisa 10 errou, mas foram anuladas pelo juiz.

Ver também
 Lista de gols de Pelé pela Seleção Brasileira de Futebol

Ligações externas
 futdados.com/ Raio x dos gols de Pelé na carreira
 futebol80.com.br/

Estatísticas
Pelé

Estatísticas de Pelé


Ralph Winston Morris (* 1941) ist ein US-amerikanischer Tubist, Komponist und Hochschullehrer.

Leben und Wirken
Morris studierte bei William Bell, der Tubaspieler im Orchester von John Philip Sousa war. 1962 beendete er sein akademisches Studium an der East Carolina University.  Als Professor für Tuba und Euphonium lehrt Morris an der Tennessee Technological University in Cookeville; dort gründete er 1967 mit Beginn seiner Lehrtätigkeit das Tennessee Tech Tuba Ensemble, das unter Morris' Leitung auf der Bourbon Street von New Orleans und auf dem New Orleans Jazz Festival, in Disney World, bei der Konferenz der National Association for Music Education in Kansas City, der International T.U.B.A. Conference in Austin (Texas), im Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., auf dem Spoleto Festival in Charleston (South Carolina) und in der New Yorker Carnegie Hall auftrat.

Morris spielte ferner Anfang der 1980er Jahre im Matteson-Phillips Tubajazz Consort mit Rich Matteson, Ashley Alexander, John Allred, Buddy Baker (Euphonium), Harvey Phillips und Daniel Perantoni (LP: Super Horn, 1982). In späteren Jahren war er Mitglied im Brass Arts Quintet.

Morris nahm mit dem Tennessee Tech Tuba Ensemble 22 Alben auf, von denen einige für einen Grammy nominiert wurden. Im Laufe seiner akademischen Karriere ermutigte Morris seine Studenten, Repertoire für das Ensemble zu arrangieren und zu komponieren;  insgesamt entstanden in der Arbeit mit dem Ensemble 600 Kompositionen für Tuba, Euphonium und Tuba-Ensemble. Winston Morris stellte auch den weltweit ersten Euphonium-Chor zusammen und organisierte eine Aufnahmesession für diesen Chor. Er gründete außerdem das Tuba-Euphonium-Ensemble Symphonia, dessen Reunion-Konzert als Tubas of Mass Destruction 2007 an der Tennessee Tech University mit über 100 seiner gegenwärtigen und ehemaligen Studenten stattfand.

Morris schrieb unter anderem die Bücher Tuba Music Guide,  The Tuba Source Book und Euphonium Source Book, die einen Überblick über das Repertoire für die beiden Instrumente darstellen.
Ferner ist er Mitbegründer der Tubists Universal Brotherhood Association (T.U.B.A.). Für sein Lebenswerk wurde er 2003 von der Tennessee Tech University mit dem Caplenor Research Award ausgezeichnet.

Diskographische Hinweise
The Tennessee Technological University Tuba Ensemble (1979)
Live!!! The Tennessee Technological University Tuba Ensemble (1980)
Tennessee Tech Tuba Ensemble and "All That Jazz"  (1985)
Tennessee Tech Tuba Ensemble presents Heavy Metal (1986)
Phat Bottom Tubas (2006)
Tennessee Tech Tuba Ensemble and All That Jazz (Kompilation, 2006)
Carnegie VI
Christmas Tubas
Unleash the Beast!!! (Mark Records)

Weitere Literatur
Richard H. Perry, Charles A. McAdams The Tennessee Tech Tuba Ensemble and R. Winston Morris: A 40th Anniversary Retrospective (2010)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Klassischer Tubist
Jazz-Tubist
Komponist (Blasmusik)
Dirigent
Hochschullehrer (Tennessee Technological University)
Autor
Musiker (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1941
Mann

R. Winston Morris


An Chrysopogon intercedens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jan Frederik Veldkamp. An Chrysopogon intercedens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Chrysopogon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Chrysopogon (Poaceae)

Chrysopogon intercedens


An Avena abyssinica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ferdinand von Hochstetter. An Avena abyssinica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Avena, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ethiopia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Avena

Avena abyssinica


خط غير دموي

خط غير دموي أو Bloodless line منطقة من الجسم و عادة ما تكون غير محتوية على أوعوية دموية avascular (لا يحتوي على الدم).

خطوط دموي على سبيل المثال ، خط برودل ألغير دموي الخط الأمامي ومن بين ألخلفي للكلى التي تستخدم في الجراحة لتقليل حدوث فقدان الدم.

جراحة

خط غير دموي


Larbi Benbarek, Ben Barek eða Ben M'barek (16. júní 1917 – 16. september 1992) var knattspyrnumaður frá Marokkó en með franskt ríkisfang sem varð fyrsta þeldökka stórstjarnan í evrópskri knattspyrnu. Hann lék við góðan orðstír í Frakklandi og Spáni áður en hann sneri aftur til heimalandsins, þar sem hann stýrði m.a. landsliðinu. Viðurnefni hans var Svarta perlan.

Ævi og ferill
Benbarek fæddist í Casablanca sem þá tilheyrði Frakklandi. Hann hóf kornungur að leika með meistaraflokki og varð þegar eftirlæti áhorfenda. Tvítugur hélt hann til Frakklands og gekk til liðs við Olympique de Marseille árið 1938. Þar vakti hann þegar athygli fyrir tæknilega færni sína, en heimsstyrjöldin varð til þess að hann þurfti að snúa aftur til Marokkó þar sem hann lék til 1945.

Frá 1945-48 var hann í herbúðum franska liðsins Stade Français þar sem hann vann hug og hjörtu fótboltaáhugamanna. Hann varð fyrsti en fráleitt síðasti þeldökki knattspyrnumaðurinn til að fá viðurnefnið Svarta perlan. Á þær mundir lék Albert Guðmundsson í Frakklandi og léku íþróttafréttamenn sér að því að bera þá tvo saman og var Albert stundum kallaður Hvíta perlan til að undirstrika þann samanburð.

Spænska stórliðið Atlético Madrid fékk Benbarek til liðs við sig árið 1948 og lék þar næstu fimm árin. Með hann innanborðs varð félagið tvívegis Spánarmeistari. Frá Spáni hélt Benbarek á ný til Marseille og því næst aftur til Marokkó uns hann lagði skóna á hilluna árið 1956, nærri fertugur að aldri.

Benbarek lék þrjá landsleiki fyrir Marokkó fyrir tvítugt og svo sautján leiki fyrir Frakkland, þann síðasta árið 1954, þá 37 ára að aldri. Síðar átti hann eftir að stýra landsliði fósturjarðar sinnar í tvígang.

Árið 1998, sex árum eftir dauða Benbarek, var  honum veitt æðsta heiðursmerki sem FIFA veitir knattspyrnufólki.

Franskir knattspyrnumenn
Marokkóskir knattspyrnumenn

Larbi Benbarek


Ternopil Oblast (), also referred to as Ternopilshchyna () or Ternopillia (), is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Ternopil, through which flows the Seret, a tributary of the Dniester. Population:

One of the natural wonders of the region are its cave complexes. Although Ternopil Oblast is among the smallest regions in Ukraine, over 100 caves have been discovered there. Scientists believe these are only 20% of all possible caves in the region. The biggest cave is Optymistychna Cave. Measuring  in total length, it is the longest cave in Eurasia and the fifth-longest in the world. Twenty percent of the land in the region is chernozem soil.

Among its attractions, Ternopil Oblast has 34 castles. By at least one account, the most prominent is the Zbarazh Castle with fortifications that expand over  and was the center of a 17th-century standoff between troops of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and the army of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Dniester Canyon passes through the oblast; it is considered one of the wonders of Ukraine, stretching for .

Geography

The oblast is located in Western Ukraine and has an area of . It is situated at the western part of the Podilian Upland, which is known for its rocky terrain. Among noticeable mountains there are the Kremenets Mountains. The oblast is also famous for its caves.

One of the major rivers in the country Dniester forms southern and southwestern borders of Ternopil Oblast with the adjacent Chernivtsi Oblast and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. Its tributaries that flow through the oblast include Zbruch, Seret, and Strypa among just a few of them. The Seret River (not to be confused with Siret nor Seret) is a left tributary of the Dniester flowing through the oblast administrative center, i.e. Ternopil.

Ternopil Oblast is one of two oblasts in West Ukraine that do not have an international border. It is surrounded by five other oblasts of Ukraine: Chernivtsi Oblast – to the south, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast – to the southwest, Lviv Oblast – to the northwest, Rivne Oblast – to the north, and Khmelnytskyi Oblast – to the east.

History

Historic administrative affiliation of the area:
1199–1253: Principality of Galicia-Volhynia
1253–1434: Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia
1434–1569: Kingdom of Poland:  / Grand Duchy of Lithuania:
1566–1569: Kingdom of Poland:  / Grand Duchy of Lithuania:
1569–1672: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,
1672–1699: Poland-Lithuania,  / Ottoman Empire:
1699–1772: Poland-Lithuania,
1772–1795: Habsburg monarchy:  (Austrian Partition) / Poland-Lithuania,
1795–1804: Habsburg Monarchy:  (Austrian Partition) / Russian Empire:  (Russian Partition)
1804–1809: Austrian Empire:  (Austrian Partition) / Russian Empire:  (Russian Partition)
1809–1815: Austrian Empire:  (Austrian Partition) / Russian Empire:
1815–1867: Austrian Empire:  (Austrian Partition) / Russian Empire:  (Russian Partition)
1867–November 1918: Austria-Hungary:  (Austrian Partition) / Russian Empire:  (Russian Partition)
November 1918–July 1919 - West Ukrainian People's Republic (de facto)
1919 (de facto; 1923 de jure)–1945: Rzeczpospolita Polska:
1944 (de facto; 1945 de jure)–1991: USSR, Ukrainian SSR:
since 1991: Ukraine:

From the 12th century the area belonged to Galicia–Volhynia until Galicia–Volhynia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century.

In 1569 Poland and Lithuania united into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

From the First Partition of Poland in 1772 until the end of World War I the area which would become Ternopil Oblast was mostly part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, a possession of the Habsburg Monarchy, Austrian Empire and finally Austria-Hungary. In Ukraine today, there are three oblasts (provinces) that largely formed the eastern part of Galicia and Lodomeria until 1918. Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast was entirely contained in the kingdom, as was the vast majority of Lviv Oblast (only a few small areas and villages near Sokal were not). The southern and central parts of Ternopil Oblast were within the kingdom while the northern parts (pre-2020 raions: Kremenets, Shumsk, Lanivtsi and the northern half of Zbarazh; post-2020: Kremenets Raion and small parts of Ternopil Raion) remained with Poland Lithuania; from 1795 (Third Partition) they belonged to the Russian Volhynian Governorate (specifically the Kremenetsky Uyezd). During the Napoleonic wars the area around Ternopil was annexed by Russia in the 1809 Treaty of Schönbrunn becoming the ; it was ceded back to Austria in 1815 (Congress of Vienna). The Tarnopolsky Krai roughly covered the eastern two-thirds of the post-2022 Ternopil Raion and the Chortkiv Raion up to the Strypa; in pre-2020 terms it corresponded with the cities of Ternopil and Chortkiv and the Borshchiv, Chortkiv, Husiatyn, Pidvolochysk, Terebovlia, Ternopil and Zalishchyky raions, the southern half of Zbarazh raion, the eastern and northern parts of Buchach raion and some eastern parts of Zboriv and Kozova raions.

From 1917 the formerly Russian part came under the Ukrainian People's Republic (Ukrainian State April–December 1918; also claimed by the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets/Ukrainian Soviet Republic December 1917–April 1918 and the Ukrainian SSR from March 1919); from 1918 the formerly Austrian part was controlled by the West Ukrainian People's Republic (nominally part of the Ukrainian People's Republic from 22 January 1919) but ultimately the whole area fell to the Second Polish Republic in 1921 following the Ukrainian War of Independence, Polish–Ukrainian War and Polish–Soviet War. The formerly Austrian parts became part of the Tarnopol Voivodeship, while the formerly Russian parts became part of the Volhynian Voivodeship, specifically the . The southern pre-2020 raions of Ternopil Oblast were partially coterminous with Galicia and Lodomeria's districts/counties and Interwar Poland's counties.

The oblast was created during the Second World War when both Nazi Germany and later the Soviet Union invaded Poland. Due to the Polish national policy in the area (Pacification action), many people favored the Soviet invasion of Eastern Galicia at first. However, soon thereafter, the Soviet security agencies started a witch hunt among nationally oriented members of Ukrainian resistance who emigrated to Poland after the Soviet-Ukrainian War as well as other reasons. Many of local population were exiled to Siberia regardless of their ethnic background. On December 4, 1939, the voivodeship division in the West Ukraine was abolished and replaced with the existing Soviet administrative division oblast. Ternopil Oblast (originally Tarnopol Oblast) was established based mostly on the Tarnopol Voivodeship and southern portions of the Volhynian Voivodeship.

During the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany, Ternopil became an object of fierce fighting between Soviet and German forces because of its importance as a rail transportation hub. During German occupation, the region (except for its Volhynian portion) became part of the District of Galicia and transferred to administration by the General Government. After the war, a destroyed residential section of Ternopil, near the river, was turned into an artificial lake rather than being rebuilt. Additionally, upon annexation to the Soviet Union's Ukrainian SSR, most ethnic Poles in the region were forcibly relocated to Poland, whose national borders had shifted far to the west. The area of the former Polish voivodeship was expanded by adding territory in the north, though the westernmost parts were transferred to the Lviv oblast. After 1945 Soviet authorities also encouraged ethnic Russians to settle in territories newly annexed to the Soviet Union, including the Ternopil oblast, though western Ukraine remained considerably less Russian than eastern Ukraine.

As Ukraine achieved independence in the 1990s, western Ukraine remained the heartland of Ukrainian political and cultural nationalism, and the political affiliations of Ternopil voters reflected that viewpoint. In the first elections after independence, the People's Movement of Ukraine was the leading party in the oblast. A majority of oblast voters supported the Ukrainian nationalist-oriented Electoral Bloc Yuliya Tymoshenko in the 2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election. Over 88% of voters supported Yulia Tymoshenko of the All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election.

By 2005, the population of the oblast had grown to roughly 225,000, consisting primarily of ethnic Ukrainians with a large Russian or Russian-speaking minority. The city of Ternopil has important institutions of higher education, including two teacher's colleges, an international medical school with instruction in English, and one of three economics institutes in Ukraine.

The religion of the majority is Ukrainian Greek Catholic, though there is a notable Orthodox presence and a small Protestant minority. Many churches which were closed or destroyed under Soviet rule have rebuilt since independence. The local Jewish community, which was very large before 1939, disappeared in the Holocaust and was not reestablished after 1945. There are no active synagogues in the oblast and only a few isolated individuals affiliating with the Jewish faith.

Points of interest

The oblast is known for its castles and fortresses. Due to the underfunding of the state program for the preservation of cultural heritage, many of objects of historical significance are in poor condition.
The following historic-cultural sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.
Verteba cave, a cave in Borshchiv Raion
Bohyt, a hill near Zbruch River where was found the Zbruch idol (Husiatyn Raion)
Buchach Ratusha, a former town hall in Buchach
Pochaiv Lavra, located in the city of Pochaiv, one of the biggest holy places of Christian Orthodox in Ukraine
Zarvanytsia Spiritual Center, a big holy place of Greek Catholics of Podillia (Terebovlia Raion)
Vyshnivets Palace, a princely palace in Vyshnivets (Zbarazh Raion)
Camp UPA, a museum of Ukrainian resistance movement in Shumsk Raion
Dzhuryn Waterfall
Castles of Ternopil Region (Ternopil Castle, Berezhany Castle, Zbarazh Castle, and others)

Population

National composition
The population is predominantly Ukrainophone and about 98% consider themselves Ukrainians. Among the biggest minorities are Poles and Russians who combine 1.6% of the total population. Most of the population is bilingual and the Ukrainian language is accepted in daily communications. The estimated population is

In historical comparison, before World War II national composition was very different and according to the 1931 Polish Census Ukrainians were a slight majority in the Tarnopol Voivodeship at 54.8%, while there was almost no Russians. On the other hand, the Polish and Jewish population decreased drastically from 36.6% and 8.4% respectively.

Age structure
 0-14 years: 15.7%  (male 86,309/female 81,940)
 15-64 years: 69.0%  (male 360,305/female 381,271)
 65 years and over: 15.3%  (male 53,364/female 110,887) (2013 official)

Median age
 total: 38.6 years
 male: 35.8 years
 female: 41.4 years  (2013 official)

Economy and transportation

The economy is predominantly agriculturally oriented. Among industries, there is a well developed food industry particularly sugar production, alcohol, and dairy (such as butter). There is also number of factories such as "Vatra" (lighting equipment), Ternopil Harvester Plant, "Orion" (radio communication) among a few.

Ternopil Oblast has an adequate network of highways, while the city of Ternopil is located at the intersection of main European corridors along the E50 and E85 highways. There is a small airport in Ternopil (Ternopil Airport) which however mostly is used for charter flights. There is a well developed railroad network which is a part of the Lviv Railways. Water transportation is very limited and mostly along the Dniester River.

Subdivisions

After 18 July 2020

Before 18 July 2020
Before the 2020 administrative reform, Ternopil Oblast was administratively subdivided into 17 raions (districts), as well as 1 city (municipality) which is directly subordinate to the oblast government: Ternopil, the administrative center of the oblast. The average area of a raion was around , the biggest one was Terebovlia Raion covering  and the smallest one - Pidhaitsi Raion with . The average population number was around 50.6 thousands which is just below the national average.

Notable people
In town of Buchach was born a Nobel Prize recipient, writer Shmuel Yosef Agnon. The prize was given for works about fate of Galician Jews. Agnon worked for a Lviv newspaper, but after refusal to serve in the army he moved to Mandatory Palestine. In Ukraine he published over 70 of his early works.
Mike Mazurki, American professional athlete and actor 196 cm (6 ft 5 in) in height
Lee Strasberg, American theatre director and actor

See also

Subdivisions of Ukraine
List of Canadian place names of Ukrainian origin

Notes

References

External links

Ternopil Council website

Oblasts of Ukraine
States and territories established in 1939
1939 establishments in Ukraine

Ternopil Oblast


أحداث

1830
 14 حزيران/يونيو 1830، القوات الفرنسية تغزو الجزائر وتدخل أراضيها من سيدي فرج الساحلية، التي تبعد نحو 30 كلم غربي العاصمة.

1831
 يونيو - انتشار مرض الطاعون في الكويت.

1832
 29 حزيران، ثورة المفتي عبد الغني آل جميل ضد الوالي العثماني علي رضا في بغداد.

1833
 23 أغسطس - تحريم العبودية في المستعمرات الإنجليزية.

1834
 8 فبراير: ولادة ديمتري مندليف الكيميائي الروسي الشهير.

1835
 29 يونيو - محمد علي باشا يصدر أمرا بإنشاء مصلحة الآثار والمتحف المصري، وأسند إدارتهما إلى يوسف ضياء أفندي بإشراف رفاعة الطهطاوي، ويقع المتحف حاليا في ميدان التحرير في وسط القاهرة حيث افتتح في نوفمبر 1901، على مساحة 13,600 متر مربع، ويضم أهم الآثار المصرية القديمة، منها آثار مجموعة توت عنخ آمون.

شخصيات بارزة

عقد 1830


, né le  et mort le  est un officier de carrière de la Marine impériale japonaise. Après un doctorat en ingénierie obtenu à l'Université impériale de Tokyo, il atteint le grade de vice-amiral et devient l'un des principaux architectes navals japonais dans les années 1910 et 1920, en concevant un certain nombre de navires de guerre célèbres, dont beaucoup ont été utilisés pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il participe également à la création de l'Institut de technologie de Chiba à partir de 1941.

Biographie
Hiraga naît à Tokyo et grandit à Yokosuka, dans la préfecture de Kanagawa bien que sa famille soit originaire de Hiroshima. Il sort diplômé de ce qui est aujourd'hui le , et entre au département d'ingénierie de l'université impériale de Tokyo en 1898, se spécialisant en architecture navale. Il est mobilisé dans la marine impériale japonaise en 1899, mais est autorisé à poursuivre ses études et obtient son diplôme avec le grade de sous-lieutenant en 1901. Il entre immédiatement au service de l'arsenal naval de Yokosuka en tant qu'ingénieur d'études pour les nouveaux navires de guerre. Promu lieutenant le 28 septembre 1903, il est transféré à l'arsenal naval de Kure en 1905.

À partir de 1905, au plus fort de la Guerre russo-japonaise, Hiraga est envoyé au Royaume-Uni pour poursuivre ses études. Il quitte Yokohama en janvier et, après avoir traversé l'océan Pacifique, les États-Unis et l'océan Atlantique, il arrive à Londres en avril. Dès octobre, il est inscrit au  de Greenwich, où il étudie les dernières techniques de conception des navires de guerre. Il obtient son diplôme en  et passe les six mois suivants à visiter divers chantiers navals en France et Italie avant de retourner au Japon au début de 1909. En septembre de la même année, il devient professeur d'ingénierie à l'Université impériale de Tokyo, et est promu capitaine de corvette le .

En 1912, Hiraga est à la tête de l'équipe chargée de concevoir le nouveau cuirassé Yamashiro et de transformer le croiseur de bataille Hiei en cuirassé. Il travaille également sur les plans des destroyers de la classe Kaba et est promu commandant le .

En 1913, Hiraga devient directeur des chantiers navals de la marine impériale japonaise. Il est décoré de l'Ordre du Trésor Sacré de  le 28 novembre. Il est décoré de la  de cette même décoration le  pour avoir contribué à accroître l'efficacité des chantiers navals japonais afin de répondre aux demandes de commandes des Alliés de la Première Guerre mondiale.

En 1916, Hiraga devient directeur de l'ingénierie en chef pour l'ambitieux projet de flotte huit-huit de la Marine, et commence à travailler sur une série de cuirassés et de croiseurs à grande vitesse. Le , il est promu au rang de capitaine de vaisseau, et de contre-amiral le . Le , il est décoré de la troisième classe de l'Ordre du Soleil Levant. Le croiseur novateur Yubari, largement conçu par Hiraga, est mis en service en 1923.

Hiraga est nommé conseiller technique de la délégation japonaise à la Conférence navale de Washington, et séjourne aux États-Unis de novembre 1923 à août 1924, devenant à son retour chef du Département technique de la marine impériale japonaise avant de passer vice-amiral en 1926.

A la suite des conditions imposées par le Traité naval de Washington, qui limitait sévèrement la marine de guerre japonaise, Hiraga réunit une équipe d'ingénieurs pour tenter d'y remédier. Les conceptions innovantes de croiseurs et de destroyers proposées par Hiraga, donnèrent des navires extraordinairement puissants pour leur taille et parmi les plus avancés au monde. Hiraga a notamment cherché à d'intégrer autant d'armements et d'équipements que possible dans une coque conforme au traité (c'est-à-dire un tonnage inférieur à ). Cependant, non content de ces avancées, l'état-major de la marine impériale japonaise a passé outre les objections techniques de Hiraga et a ordonné l'ajout d'un armement encore plus important. Dans le cas des croiseurs de la classe Mogami, quinze canons de  étaient montés sur des navires de seulement 8 500 tonnes. Ces conceptions n'étaient possibles que grâce à une sous-estimation du déplacement réel du navire, et à des sacrifices en termes de sécurité.

En 1929, après que la conception de Hiraga pour la classe Kii ait été rejetée, il prend une semi-retraite, et se retire du service actif en 1930 pour devenir un conseiller de Mitsubishi.

En , Hiraga doit faire face à une commission d'enquête après un incident survenu sur le  lors duquel le torpilleur avait chaviré lors d'une tempête au large de Sasebo. L'enquête qui s'ensuivit révéla ce qu'un certain nombre d'ingénieurs occidentaux soupçonnaient depuis longtemps : les conceptions de Hiraga étaient trop lourdes et tendaient à l'instabilité. L'incident du Tomozuru provoque à l'époque une onde de choc dans l'armée japonaise, car il remet en question la sécurité et la fiabilité des navires de guerre les plus modernes de l'inventaire japonais. La réputation de Hiraga pâtit encore en 1935 d'un nouvel incident impliquant des navires qu'il a conçu : au cours de manœuvres, la 4e flotte est prise dans une tempête qui se transforme en typhon, ce qui endommage pratiquement tous les navires et tue 54 marins. Les coques des destroyers Hatsuyuki et les Yugiri furent arrachées par la houle tandis que celles des Myōkō, Mogami, Taigei furent gravement endommagées. Les porte-avions légers Hōshō et Ryūjō, le mouilleur de mines Itsukushima subirent des dégâts plus limités. Dans ce dernier cas, Hiraga est cependant disculpé par la commission d'enquête, ce qui lui permet d'intégrer par la suite l'équipe de conception du cuirassé Yamato.

En , Hiraga devient le président de l'université impériale de Tokyo, où il effectue en 1939 une purge des éléments libéraux du département d'économie.

Le , Yuzuru Hiraga meurt à l'hôpital universitaire de Tokyo des suites d'une pneumonie. Il est décoré à titre posthume du Grand Cordon de l'Ordre du Soleil Levant et du titre de baron de la pairie kazoku.

Son cerveau est prélevé à sa mort, et est conservé actuellement à l'université de Tokyo. le reste de son corps est enterré à Fuchū, dans l'agglomération de Tokyo.

Références

Bibliographie

Naissance en mars 1878
Décès en février 1943
Militaire japonais de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Décès à 64 ans

Yuzuru Hiraga


Karakoçlu, Kemaliye - Erzincan ili Kemaliye ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karakoçlu, Devrek - Zonguldak ili Devrek ilçesine bağlı köy

Karakoçlu


Dieser Artikel listet Erfolge und Mannschaft des Radsportteams Burgos 2016-Castilla y León in der Saison 2011 auf.

Erfolge in der UCI Europe Tour
In der Saison 2011 gelangen dem Team nachstehende Erfolge in der UCI Europe Tour.

Abgänge – Zugänge

Mannschaft

Platzierungen in UCI-Ranglisten
UCI Africa Tour 2011

UCI Europe Tour 2011

Weblinks

Radsportteam 2011

Burgos 2016-Castilla y León/Saison 2011