The king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) is the second largest species of penguin,  smaller, but somewhat  similar in appearance to the emperor penguin. There are two subspecies: A. p. patagonicus and A. p. halli; patagonicus is found in the South Atlantic and halli in the South Indian Ocean (at the Kerguelen Islands, Crozet Island, Prince Edward Islands, and Heard Island and McDonald Islands) and at Macquarie Island.

King penguins mainly eat lanternfish, squid, and krill.  On foraging trips, king penguins repeatedly dive to over , and have been recorded at depths greater than . Predators of the king penguin include giant petrels, skuas, the snowy sheathbill, the leopard seal, and the orca.

The king penguin breeds on the Subantarctic islands at the northern reaches of Antarctica, South Georgia, southern Argentina, and other temperate islands of the region. It also lives on Macquarie Island in the Southern Ocean.

This bird was exploited commercially in the past for its blubber, oil, meat, and feathers. Today, it is fully protected.

Taxonomy
In 1778 the English illustrator John Frederick Miller included a hand-coloured engraving of the king penguin in his Icones animalium et plantarum. He coined the binomial name Aptenodytes patagonica and specified the type locality as the Mari antarctico, the Antarctic Ocean. The locality was restricted to South Georgia by Gregory Mathews in 1911. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

Appearance

The king penguin stands at  tall and weighs from .  Although female and male king penguins are monomorphic they can be separated by their calls. Males are also slightly larger than females. The mean body mass of adults from Marion Island was  for 70 males and  for 71 females. Another study from Marion Island found that the mean mass of 33 adults feeding chicks was . The king penguin is approximately 25% shorter and weighs around a third less than the emperor penguin.

At first glance, the king penguin appears very similar to the  larger, closely related emperor penguin, with a broad cheek patch contrasting with surrounding dark feathers and yellow-orange plumage at the top of the chest. However, the cheek patch of the adult king penguin is a solid bright orange whereas that of the emperor penguin is yellow and white, and the upper chest tends to be more orange and less yellowish in the king species. Both have colourful markings along the side of their lower mandible, but these tend towards pink in emperor penguin and orange in king penguin.

Emperor and king penguins typically do not inhabit the same areas in the wild, with the possible exception of vagrants at sea, but the two can be distinguished from one another by the king's longer, straighter bill, larger flippers, and noticeably sleeker body. The juvenile king penguin with its long bill and heavy dark brown down is completely different in appearance from the mostly grey emperor chick with its black and white mask. Once moulted of its brown juvenile plumage, the king chick resembles the adult, but is somewhat less colourful.

King penguins often breed on the same large, circumpolar islands as at least half of all living penguins, but it is easily distinguished from other species by its much larger size and taller frame, colorful markings, and grizzled sooty-greyish rather than blackish back.

Distribution and habitat

King penguins breed on subantarctic islands between 45 and 55°S, at the northern reaches of Antarctica, as well as Tierra del Fuego (Argentinian part), the Falkland Islands, and other temperate islands of the region. The total population is estimated to be 2.23 million pairs and is increasing. The largest breeding populations are on the Crozet Islands, with around 455,000 pairs, 228,000 pairs on the Prince Edward Islands, 240,000–280,000 on the Kerguelen Islands, and over 100,000 in the South Georgia archipelago. By the early 1920s, the King penguin population in South Georgia and the Falklands was nearly wiped out by whalers on these islands.

The Falklands and South Georgia had no trees to use for firewood, so the whalers burned millions of oily, blubber-rich penguins as fuel for the constant fires needed to boil whale blubber to extract the oil; the whalers also used penguin oil for lamps, heating, and cooking, in addition to eating the birds and their eggs. Macquarie Island currently has around 70,000 pairs. The non-breeding range is unknown due to many vagrant birds having been seen on the Antarctic peninsula as well as in South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.

One of the largest known King penguin colonies, on Île aux Cochons in the Crozet Islands, is thought to have experienced a massive drop in its population over the last few decades, from about half a million breeding pairs in the 1980s to about 60,000 breeding pairs in 2017. The cause of this decline may be due to changes in the ecosystem related to climate change as their primary source of food is moving farther away from places where the penguins can breed. This may result in population declines and shifts in the locations of the King penguin breeding grounds.

The Nature Protection Society released several king penguins in Gjesvær in Finnmark, and Røst in Lofoten in northern Norway in August, 1936. Penguins were seen in the area several times during the 1940s; though none have been officially  recorded since 1949, there were a few unconfirmed sightings of penguins in the area during the early 1950s.

Ecology and behavior

American zoologist Gerry Kooyman revolutionized the study of penguin foraging behaviour in 1971 when he published his results from attaching automatic dive-recording devices to emperor penguins, and recording a dive of  by a king penguin in 1982. The current maximum dive recorded is 343 metres in the Falkland Islands region, and a maximum time submerged of 552 seconds was recorded at the Crozet Islands. The king penguin dives to depths of 100–300 meters (350–1000 feet), spending around five minutes submerged, during daylight hours, and less than  at night.

The majority (around 88% in one study) of dives undertaken by king penguins are flat-bottomed; that is, the penguin dives to a certain depth and remains there for a period of time hunting (roughly 50% of total dive time) before returning to the surface. They have been described as U-shaped or W-shaped, relating to the course of the dive. The remaining 12% of dives have a V-shaped or "spike" pattern, in which the bird dives at an angle through the water column, reaches a certain depth, and then returns to the surface. In contrast, other penguins dive in this latter foraging pattern. Observations at Crozet Islands revealed most king penguins were seen within  of the colony. Using the average swimming speed, Kooyman estimated the distance travelled to foraging areas at .

The king penguin's average swimming speed is 6.5–10 km/h (4–6 mph). On shallower dives under , it averages  descending and ascending, while on deeper dives over  deep, it averages  in both directions. King penguins also "porpoise", a swimming technique used to breathe while maintaining speed. On land, the king penguin alternates between walking with a wobbling gait and tobogganing—sliding over the ice on its belly, propelled by its feet and wing-like flippers. Like all penguins, it is flightless.

Diet

King penguins eat various species  of small fish, squid, and krill. Fish constitute roughly 80% of their diet, except in the winter months of July and August, when they make up only around 30%. Lanternfish are the main fish taken, principally the species Electrona carlsbergi and Krefftichthys anderssoni, as well as Protomyctophum tenisoni. Slender escolar (Paradiplospinus gracilis) of the Gempylidae, and Champsocephalus gunneri, is also consumed. Cephalopods consumed include those of the genus Moroteuthis, the hooked squid or Moroteuthopsis longimana, the sevenstar flying squid (Martialia hyadesii), young Gonatus antarcticus, and Onychoteuthis species.

Predators
The king penguin's predators include other seabirds and aquatic mammals:
 Giant petrels take many chicks of all sizes and some eggs. They will also occasionally kill adult king penguins, but very likely mostly sick or injured birds. Giant petrels also scavenge adult king penguins and chicks which have died from other causes.
 Skua species (Stercorarius spp.) take smaller chicks and eggs. Some studies may have overstated the effect skua predation has on king penguin colonies, but large numbers of chicks and eggs are taken in areas where skua nest close to penguin colonies.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Impact of predation on king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus in Crozet Archipelago|journal=Polar Biology|volume=28|issue=4|pages=303|doi=10.1007/s00300-004-0684-3|year=2004|last1=Descamps|first1=Sébastien|last2=Gauthier-Clerc|first2=Michel|last3=Le Bohec|first3=Céline|last4=Gendner|first4=Jean-Paul|last5=Le Maho|first5=Yvon|s2cid=23655862}}</ref>Young, E. (2005). Skua and penguin: predator and prey. Cambridge University Press.
 The snowy sheathbill (Chionis alba) and kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) scavenge for dead chicks and unattended eggs.
 The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) takes adult birds and fledglings at sea.
 Orcas also hunt king penguins.
 Male and especially pre-adult male Antarctic fur seals on Marion Island have also been observed chasing, killing, and eating king penguins on the beach.

Courtship and breeding

The king penguin is able to breed at three years of age, although only a very small minority (5% recorded at Crozet Islands) actually do then; the average age of first breeding is around 5–6 years. King penguins are serially monogamous. They have only one mate each year, and stay faithful to that mate. However, fidelity between years is less than 30%. The unusually long breeding cycle probably contributes to this low rate.

The king penguin has an extremely prolonged breeding cycle, taking around 14–16 months from laying to offspring fledging. Although pairs will attempt to breed annually, they are generally only successful one year in two, or two years in three in a triennial pattern in South Georgia. The reproductive cycle begins in September to November, as birds return to colonies for a prenuptial moult. Those that were unsuccessful in breeding the previous season will usually arrive earlier. They then return to the sea for around three weeks before coming ashore in November or December.

The female penguin lays one pyriform (pear-shaped) white egg weighing 300 g (⅔ lb). It is initially soft but hardens and darkens to a pale greenish colour. It measures around . The egg is incubated for around 55 days with both birds sharing incubation in shifts of 6–18 days each. Like the closely related  emperor penguin, the king penguin balances the egg on its feet and incubates it in a "brood pouch".

Hatching may take up to 2–3 days to complete and chicks are born semi-altricial and nidicolous. In other words, they have only a thin covering of down, and are entirely dependent on their parents for food and warmth. The guard phase begins with the hatching of the chick. Similar to the emperor penguin, the young king penguin chick spends its time balanced on its parents' feet, sheltered in the brood pouch formed from the abdominal skin of the latter. During this time, the parents alternate every 3–7 days, one guarding the chick while the other forages for food. The guard phase lasts for 30–40 days. By then the chick has grown much larger and is better able to both keep warm and protect itself against most predators. King chicks are very curious and will wander far when exploring their surroundings. The chicks form a group, called a  crèche and  are watched over by only a few adult birds; most parents  leave their chick in these crèches to forage for themselves and their chick. Other species of penguins also practice this method of communal care for offspring.

By April, the chicks are almost fully grown but lose weight by fasting over the winter months, gaining it again during spring in September. Fledging then takes place in late spring/early summer.

King penguins form huge breeding colonies; for example, the colony on South Georgia Island at Salisbury Plain holds over 100,000 breeding pairs and the colony at St. Andrew's Bay holds over 100,000 birds. Because of the very long breeding cycle, colonies are continuously occupied year-round with both adult birds and chicks. During breeding, king penguins do not build nests, although they show strong territorial behaviour and keep a pecking distance to neighbouring penguins. Penguin positions in breeding colonies are highly stable over weeks and appear regularly spaced.

The king penguin feeds its chicks by eating fish, digesting it slightly, and regurgitating the food into the chick's mouth.

Because of their large size, king penguin chicks take 14–16 months before they are ready to go to sea. This is markedly different from smaller penguins, who rear their chicks through a single summer when food is plentiful. King penguins time their mating so the chicks will develop over the harshest season for fishing. In this way, by the time the young penguins are finally mature enough to leave their parents, it is summer when food is plentiful and conditions are more favorable for the young to survive alone at sea.

Conservation
Impact of climate change

70% of king penguins are expected to abruptly disappear in less than eighty years. Considered sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems, king penguins serve as a key species for understanding the effects of climate change on the marine biome, especially throughout the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic areas.

King penguins primarily feed at the Antarctic Convergence, which provides 80% of their food biomass. King penguins currently travel 300–500 km over the course of over a week to complete the journey. However, ocean warming could easily move these fronts further away from breeding grounds. Continuous ocean warming could cause the convergence zone to move polewards, away from king penguin breeding sites like the Falklands and the Crozet Islands. It has been suggested that if carbon emissions continue to rise at their current rate, king penguins will need to travel an additional 200 km in order to reach their feeding areas. Breeding grounds will also suffer from the rise of emissions. Nearly half of the total population will likely lose their breeding grounds by the year 2100.

Resource competition
King penguins are also threatened by large-scale commercial fishing that could deplete their main source of food: myctophid fish. Over 200,000 tons of myctophid fish were commercially exploited by the beginning of the 1990s in the South Georgia region. Ongoing attempts to further develop this fishery for human consumption close to key penguin foraging areas are likely to have negative impacts on food provisioning.

Research and management

The Pew Charitable Trust recommends the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) implement "large-scale, fully protected marine reserves in the waters surrounding Antarctica." The Trust also recommends precautionary management of the Antarctic krill fishery in order to protect king penguins' main source of food. The CCAMLR is made up of 24 countries (plus the European Union), among those are the United States and China, that withhold the authority to enact such protective measures. It has also been suggested that in conservation modeling, special attention be paid to the southernmost breeding locations, given the predicted rise in water temperature in the Southern Ocean, and that complete regular censuses of breeding populations be carried out to detect temporal trends and environmental changes.

The species is classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species. Since 2004, the IUCN has reported that the population size is large and has increased its breeding rates. Adult king penguins have maintained high survival rates since the 1970s. The steady population of king penguins is due largely to current conservation efforts to protect nesting habitats. Ecotourism and public access to all king penguin breeding sites are heavily restricted in order to prevent outbreaks of disease and general disturbance. All of the colonies in Crozet and Kerguelen Islands are protected under the oversight of the Reserve Naturelle Nationales des Terres australes et Antarctiques Françaises. Additionally, South Georgian penguins reside in a "special protected area within the Environmental Management Plan for South Georgia." And in the Falklands, all wildlife—including the king penguin—is protected under the Conservation of Wildlife and Nature Bill of 1999.

Relationship with humans

In captivity
Considered a flagship species, 176 individuals were counted in captivity in North American zoos and aquaria in 1999. The species is exhibited at SeaWorld Orlando, Indianapolis Zoo, Detroit Zoo, Saint Louis Zoo, Kansas City Zoo, Newport Aquarium in Newport, Kentucky, Edinburgh Zoo and Birdland in the United Kingdom, Berlin Zoological Garden in Germany, Zurich Zoo and Zoo Basel in Switzerland, Diergaarde Blijdorp in the Netherlands, Antwerp Zoo in Belgium, 63 Seaworld in Seoul, South Korea, Melbourne Aquarium in Australia, Mar del Plata Aquarium in Argentina, Loro Parque in Spain and Ski Dubai in United Arab Emirates, Calgary Zoo in Canada, Odense Zoo in Denmark, Asahiyama Zoo in Hokkaido, Japan, and many other collections.

Notable king penguins
 Major General Sir Nils Olav, the Edinburgh-based mascot and colonel-in-chief of the Royal Norwegian Guard
 Misha, a central character and metaphor in two novels by Ukrainian writer Andrey Kurkov
 The king penguin is also the species of penguin represented by the popular character Pondus, an image found on various paraphernalia in many retail stores throughout Canada. Pondus originates in Danish children's books written and photographed by Ivar Myrhøj and published in 1997 by Lademann publisher in the late 1960s. These penguins appeared in the production of Batman Returns.
 Lala the Penguin became a viral video star after an Animal Planet special featured him venturing to a nearby market in Japan to fetch a fish with a specially made backpack. Lala had been accidentally caught by a fisherman. The fisherman and his family nursed Lala back to health and then adopted him as a pet.

 References

External links

 King penguin on PenguinWorld
 Aptenodytes patagonicus, the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology's Animal Diversity Web
 King penguin videos, photos & sounds, the Internet Bird Collection
 King penguins pruning video from the Falkland Islands
 https://archive.org/details/s4id13296820/page/n169 Johann R. Forster, "Historia Aptenodytae: Generis Avium Orbi Australi Propri", Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis (1778)'', Vol.III, 1781, pp. 211–148.

Aptenodytes
Birds described in 1778
Birds of Argentina
Birds of Chile
Birds of islands of the Atlantic Ocean
Birds of South America
Birds of subantarctic islands
Birds of the Falkland Islands
Birds of the Indian Ocean
Birds of Tierra del Fuego
Birds of Western Australia
Fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Fauna of the Crozet Islands
Fauna of the Prince Edward Islands
Flightless birds
Penguins
Taxa named by John Frederick Miller

King penguin


Hitech may refer to:
high tech, an abbreviation of the term "high technology"
HITECH, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act)
HiTech, a late 1980s computer chess machine
Hi-Tech Automotive is a low volume car builder and design house located in Port Elizabeth.
High Technology High School
A genre of music closely related to electronic and psychedelic trance.
Hitech Grand Prix, a racing team

Hitech


The Messerschmitt Me 264 was a long-range strategic bomber developed during World War II for the German Luftwaffe as its main strategic bomber. The design was later selected as Messerschmitt's competitor in the Reichsluftfahrtministeriums (the German Air Ministry) Amerikabomber (America Bomber) programme, for a strategic bomber capable of attacking New York City from bases in France or the Azores.

Three prototypes were built but production was abandoned to allow Messerschmitt to concentrate on fighter production and the Junkers Ju 390 was selected in its place. Development continued as a maritime reconnaissance aircraft instead.

Development
The origin of the Me 264 design came from Messerschmitt's long-range reconnaissance aircraft project, the P.1061, of the late 1930s. A variant on the P.1061 was the P.1062 of which three prototypes were built, with only two "engines" to the P.1061's four, but they were the more powerful Daimler-Benz DB 606 "power systems", each comprising a pair of DB 601 inverted V-12 engines. These were also used in the long-range Messerschmitt Me 261, itself originating as the Messerschmitt P.1064 design of 1937. The DB 606's later use in the Heinkel He 177A's airframe design resulted in derision by Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring as "welded-together engines" in August 1942, due to badly designed engine installations. In early 1941, six P.1061 prototypes were ordered from Messerschmitt, under the designation Me 264. This was later reduced to three prototypes.

The progress of these projects was slow but after Germany had declared war on the United States four days after the Pearl Harbor attack by Imperial Japan, the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) started the more serious Amerikabomber programme in the spring of 1942 for a very long range bomber, with the result that a larger, six-engine aircraft with a greater bomb load was called for. Proposals were put forward for the Junkers Ju 390, the Focke-Wulf Ta 400, a redesign of the Heinkel He 277 design (itself only receiving its RLM airframe number by February 1943 to give Heinkel an entry in the Amerikabomber program later in 1943), and a design study for an extended-wingspan six-engine Messerschmitt Me 264B. The need for six engines was prompted by the inability of Germany's aero-engine designers to create reliable powerplants of 1,500 kW (2,000 PS) and greater, thwarting efforts to do the same with four engines instead. As the similarly six-engined Junkers Ju 390 could use components already in use for the Ju 290 this design was chosen. The Me 264 was not abandoned as the Kriegsmarine (German navy) separately demanded a long-range maritime patrol and attack aircraft to replace the converted Fw 200 Condor in this role. This was reinforced by an opinion given by then-Generalmajor Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz of the Wehrmacht Heer (German Army) in May 1942, who had been recruited by Generalfeldmarschall Erhard Milch to give his opinion on the suitability of the Me 264 for the Amerikabomber mission; Gablenz echoed the Kriegsmarine's later opinion. The two pending prototypes were ordered to be completed as development prototypes for the Me 264A ultra long-range reconnaissance aircraft.

Design
The Me 264 was an all-metal, high-wing, four-engine heavy bomber of classic construction. The fuselage was round in cross-section and had a cabin in a glazed nose, comprising a "stepless cockpit" with no separate windscreen section for the pilots, which was common for most later German bomber designs. A strikingly similar design was used for the B-29, of slightly earlier origin. The wing had a slightly swept leading edge and a straight trailing edge. The empennage had double tail fins. The undercarriage was a retractable tricycle gear with large-diameter wheels on the wing-mounted main gear.

The planned armament consisted of guns in remotely operated turrets and in positions on the sides of the fuselage. It carried very little armour and few guns as a means of increasing fuel capacity and range. The Me 264's first prototype was originally fitted with four Junkers Jumo 211 inverted V12 engines using the new Kraftei (or "power-egg") engine installation as standardized for the earlier Ju 88A Schnellbomber, but inadequate power from the Jumo 211 engines led to their replacement on the Me 264 V1 first prototype with four similar 1,700 PS (1,250 kW) BMW 801G engines. To provide comfort on the proposed long-range missions, the Me 264 featured bunk beds and a small galley complete with hot plates.

Operational history

The first prototype, the Me 264 V1, bearing the Stammkennzeichen factory code of RE+EN, was flown on 23 December 1942. It was powered at first by four Jumo 211J inline engines of 990 kW (1,340 hp) each. In late 1943, these were changed to the BMW 801G radials which delivered 1,290 kW (1,750 hp). Trials showed numerous minor faults and handling was found to be difficult. One of the drawbacks was the very high wing loading of the Me 264 in fully loaded conditions at some . Comparable aircraft, such as the Boeing B-29 Superfortress with a wing loading of , the redesigned He 277 at  and the Ju 390 at  had lower wing loadings. The relatively high wing loading caused poor climb performance, loss of manoeuvrability, stability and high take-off and landing speeds. The first prototype was not fitted with weapons or armour but the following two prototypes, the Me 264 V2 and V3 had armour for the engines, crew and gun positions. The Me 264 V2 was built without defensive armament and vital equipment and the Me 264 V3 was to be armed and have the same armour.

In 1943, the Kriegsmarine withdrew their interest in the Me 264 in favour of the Ju 290 and the planned Ju 390. The Luftwaffe indicated preference for the unbuilt Ta 400 and the Heinkel He 277 as Amerikabomber candidates in May 1943, based on their performance estimates. Further payments for development work to Messerschmitt AG for its design were stopped. Late in 1943, the second prototype, Me 264 V2, was destroyed in a bombing attack. On 18 July 1944, the first prototype, which had entered service with Transportstaffel 5, was damaged during an Allied bombing raid and was not repaired. The third prototype, which was unfinished, was destroyed during the same raid. In October 1943, Erhard Milch stopped further Me 264 development, to concentrate on the development and production of the Me 262 jet fighter-bomber.

Following the cancellation of the competing He 277 in April 1944, on 23 September 1944, work on the Me 264 project was officially cancelled. Messerschmitt proposed a six-engine version of the Me 264, the Me 264/6m (or alternately Me 364), but it was never built.

Specifications (Me 264 V3)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Duffy, James P. Target: America. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2004. .
 Forsyth, Robert and Eddie J. Creek. Messerschmitt Me 264 Amerika Bomber: The Luftwaffe's Lost Transatlantic Bomber. Hinckley, UK: Classic Publications, 2007. .
 Green, William. Warplanes of the Third Reich. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1970. .
 Griehl, Manfred. Luftwaffe Over America. London: Greenhill Books, 2004. .
 Griehl, Manfred and Dressel, Joachim. Heinkel He 177-277-274, Airlife Publishing, Shrewsbury, England 1998. .
 Messerschmitt-Me 264: Ein außergewöhnlicher Fernstaufklärer mit 15000 km Reichweite (Sonderdruck aus "Flugwelt")(in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Flugwelt Verlag GmbH, 1960.
 Neitzel, Söhnke. Der Einsatz der Deutschen Luftwaffe über der Nordsee und dem Atlanti, 1939–1945 (in German). Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany: Bernard & Graefe, 1995. .
 Smith, J. Richard. Messerschmitt: An Aircraft Album. New York: ARCO Publishing Company, Inc., 1971. .
 Smith, J. Richard and Anthony Kay. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam and Company, Ltd., 1972. .

External links

 Pilotfriend.com
 miliavia.net

Me 264
1940s German bomber aircraft
World War II heavy bombers of Germany
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Four-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1942
Four-engined piston aircraft
Strategic bombers
Twin-tail aircraft

Messerschmitt Me 264


Die Dorfkirche St. Josef ist eine Kirche in Massenricht, einem Ortsteil der Stadt Hirschau im Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach in der Oberpfalz (Bayern). Die Kirche wurde zwischen 1926 und 1928 erbaut und 1947 um eine Sakristei erweitert.

Geschichte
Bereits 1921 hatten die Massenrichter 12.000 Mark für den Bau einer neuen Kapelle gesammelt, die jedoch infolge der Inflation im Jahre 1923 wertlos geworden waren. In einem zweiten Anlauf wurde die jetzige Dorfkirche in den Jahren 1926 bis 1928 errichtet. Am Ostermontag, dem 9. April 1928, um 10:00 Uhr konnte die Dorfkirche durch Expositus Johann Baptist Lanzl aus Ehenfeld dem heiligen Josef geweiht werden.

1948 wurde eine kleine Sakristei errichtet.

Mit Schreiben vom 13. April 1950 genehmigte das Ordinariat die Aufbewahrung des Allerheiligsten in der Kirche. Dabei wurde abermals – wie bei der Genehmigung zur Weihe der Glocken im Jahre 1935 – die wöchentliche Zelebration betont. Aus diesem Grund wurde im Sommer 1950 unter Pfarrkurat Heribert Kleinhempl im Altar der Dorfkirche ein gepanzerter Tabernakel eingebaut.

1966 wurde der Innenraum renoviert und die gipserne Josefsfigur durch ein neues Altarbild ersetzt.

Mit der Eingemeindung der Gemeinde Massenricht nach Hirschau am 1. Mai 1978 ging auch die Dorfkirche aus dem Besitz der Gemeinde Massenricht in den Besitz der Stadt Hirschau über. Somit ging auch die Unterhaltspflicht der Kirche ab diesem Stichtag in den Aufgabenbereich der Stadt Hirschau über.

1982 erfolgte eine vollständige Innen- und Außenrenovierung.

Am 13. Juni 1983 besuchte der indische Bischof George Punnakottil die Dorfkirche in Massenricht und zelebrierte zusammen mit dem damaligen Pfarrer aus Ehenfeld Josef Kannathukuzhy – ebenfalls Inder – eine heilige Messe.

Zum 75-jährigen Jubiläum im Jahr 2003 wurde die Kirche nebst Außenanlagen und Treppe erneut renoviert.

Ausstattung

Altar
Die Kirche verfügt über einen Akanthusaltar im Historismusstil. Der Altar wurde von Bildhauer Johannes Wolfgang Rösch aus Weiden im Jahr 1926 geschaffen. Er kostete 700 Reichsmark. Bis zur Renovierung im Jahr 1966 stand im Inneren der Akanthusornamente eine Josefsstatue. Im Rahmen der Renovierungsarbeiten wurde die Statue durch ein Josefsbild ersetzt.

Glocken
Von 1926 bis 1935 verfügte die Dorfkirche über lediglich eine kleine Glocke, nämlich die Glocke aus der Vorgänger-Kapelle der Dorfkirche aus dem Jahr 1766. Im Jahre 1935 wurden zwei Glocken von der Glockengießerei Johann Hahn aus Landshut erworben. Die dadurch überflüssig gewordene Glocke wurde 1951 für 100 DM an die Familie Bogner aus Rödlas verkauft und in die Kapelle in Rödlas eingebaut, dort tut sie heute noch ihren Dienst. Um die Glocke vor der Zwangsablieferung während des Zweiten Weltkriegs zu schützen, wurde diese während des Weltkriegs auf einem Heustadel versteckt. Am 16. Juni 1935 beantragte Expositus Plötz von Ehenfeld die Erlaubnis zur Weihe der beiden neuen Glocken. Bei diesen beiden Glocken handelte es sich um die heute noch vorhandene 50 kg schwere kleine Glocke, die dem Hl. Josef geweiht ist und das Bild des Hl. Josef mit der Aufschrift "Hl. Josef bitte für uns" trägt. Die größere Glocke mit einem Gewicht von 75 kg war der Muttergottes geweiht und trug die Aufschrift "Heilige Maria bitte für uns". Die größere Glocke musste 1942 für Kriegszwecke abgeliefert werden. Am 9. August 1951 konnte eine neue Glocke geweiht werden, sie trägt die Inschrift "Soli Deo Gloria".

Bei der Renovierung im Jahre 1966 wurde ein automatisches Läutwerk installiert, das heute noch in Betrieb ist. Die Kosten dafür beliefen sich auf 2.388 DM und wurden von der Gemeinde Massenricht bezahlt.

Herz-Jesu-Statue
An der linken Seitenwand der Kirche befindet sich eine Herz-Jesu-Statue.

Josefsstatue
An der rechten Seitenwand der Kirche befindet sich eine Josefsstatue auf einem Sockel. Diese Statue befand sich bis zur Renovierung im Jahr 1966 am Altar.

Kreuzweg
Der Kreuzweg konnte am 21. Mai 1928 ebenfalls durch Expositus Lanzl eingeweiht werden. Die Kreuzwegstationen wurden allesamt gestiftet. Eine Kreuzwegstation kostete 17 Reichsmark. Bei den Bildern der Kreuzwegstationen handelt es sich um Kopien. Die Originale hingen in der Mosacher Kirche in München, wurden jedoch während des Zweiten Weltkriegs zerstört. Gemalt wurden die Originale von Prof. Gebhard Fugel.

Muttergottesstatuen
In der Kirche gibt es zwei Muttergottesstatuen. Am rechten Seitenaltar befindet sich die größere der beiden Statuen. Sie stammt aus dem Jahr 1937. In den 70er Jahren wurde die Statue im Auftrag des damaligen Mesners Sebastian Schärtl übermalt. 1990 wurde die Statue vom Amberger Maler Görgner renoviert.

Die andere Muttergottesstatue ist heute hinten in der Kirche aufgestellt. Sie stammt wahrscheinlich noch aus der alten Kapelle.

Denkmalschutz
Die Dorfkirche ist in der Bayerischen Denkmalliste des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege unter der Akten-Nr. D-3-71-127-57 geführt.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Massenricht
Kirchengebäude im Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach
Erbaut in den 1920er Jahren
Filialkirche des Bistums Regensburg
St. Josef
St. Josef
Kirchengebäude in Europa
Religion (Hirschau)

St. Josef (Massenricht)


Untold Tails er det andet studiealbum fra den dansk/svenske folkemusikgruppe Trolska Polska. Det blev udgivet i 2016.

Rootzones anmelder var positivt stemt over deres andet udspil og skrev om albummet, at der kraftigt "opfordres til en eventyrlig rejse ind i troldenes stemningsdampende verden...".

Albummet blev nomineret til prisen Årets Udgivelse ved DMA Folk i 2017, men tabte til Bascos album Interesting Times, og Martin Seeberg blev nomineret til prisen Årets Komponist for albummet, men tabte til Jonas Kongsted.

Spor
 "Heksekonebryg"
 "Stengolem"
 "Morgen i Troldhøj"
 "Troldedans"
 "KrølleBølle-Polka"
 "Nordlys"
 "Drillenisse"
 "Troldemarch"
 "Tumling"
 "Far vel"
 "Vandnymfen"

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Folkalbum
Album fra Danmark
Album fra 2016

Untold Tails


Bønderne i Kelantan er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Peter Dalhoff-Nielsen efter eget manuskript.

Handling
To malaysiske daglejeres hverdag i Kelantan.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1976
Malaysia
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Bønderne i Kelantan


فاطمة بنت العبيد العنزية، من قبيلة عنزة، من أجمل النساء العربيات في الجاهلية، وكانت شريفة، ولقد كتب لها امرؤ القيس أشهر قصائده وهي معلقته وقد سماها فاطمة لاسمها ويذكر قصتها كامله:

انطر أيضًا
امرؤ القيس

معلقة امرؤ القيس

مراجع

أعلام بني ربيعة
جاهليات
سنة الوفاة غير معروفة
سنة الولادة غير معروفة
نساء عربيات

فاطمة بنت العبيد العنزية


مختبر إيه سي ميلان  هو مختبر للأبحاث الرياضية  - أنشئه نادي إيه سي ميلان - مجهز بأفضل المعدات التقنية والتكنولوجية حيث يضم أفضل الأجهزة في القياسات البدنية والعضلية للاعبين. تم افتتاح المركز في يوليو 2002 ويقع في الميلانيللو، ويعمل على اعداد اللاعبين من الناحية الجسدية ومن الناحية النفسية أيضا.

أهدافه
الهدف الكبير من إنشاء المختبر، يتمثل بالمساهمة بقوة في نتائج لفرق كرة القدم بنادي الميلان الإيطالي حيث ان البحوث والدراسات التي تجرى به تطوع تماما لخدمة الفريق سواء في مجال اعداد اللاعبين أو تأهيل المصابين أو منع اصابة اللاعبين،  وفي نفس الوقت فهو يوفر معلومات كاملة للجهاز الفني والإداري في الميلان لكي يساعده على اتخاذ القرارات الخاصة بالفريق واللاعبين مثل عودة اللاعبين من الإصابة وضم اللاعبين الجدد.

صحة اللاعبين: الميزة الأكثر ثمناً
إنّ الغرض الرئيسي من مختبر ميلان هو حماية اللاعبين، وأن صحة وعافية اللاعبين الميزة الأكثر ثمناً لأي فريق كرة قدم، الفريق الذي يلعب على الملعب بشكل جيد ورائع وخالي من الإصابات العنيفة لابد أن تتوفر لديه هذه الميزة، وألا أصبح لاعبيه مصدر الإصابات.

الرؤية المنظمة
ينفذ مختبر ميلان عمله بتطوير مفهوم ' الرؤية المنظمة ' في فريق كرة القدم، من مشروع تجاري إلى نادي كرة قدم. بأن يكون هذا المختبر ذو مراكز منفصلة متحدة، وكل واحده منها لها شركاتها وأنضمتها..
وهذا تفكير أقتصادي محنك، فلو كان هذا المختبر متصل في مركز موحد، لَقَلَت الشركات، أما إذا كان منفصل ولكل منظمة على حده كانت لها الشركات متجهة إليها، وهذا ما حدث.

تقنية المعلومات والشبكات العصبية ضد الإصابات
مختبر ميلان يستعمل تقنيات البرمجيات المتقدمة جدا والإبداعية لتجمّع المعلومات، نظام الذكاء الصناعي ييكون معالج البيانات، يفعل كآلية ذاتية التعليم قادرة على 'التعليم' بمعالجة المعلومات المخزونة في العقل.
إنّ الهدف من هذا أن يقرر العوامل التي تساهم في حدوث أكثر أمور ذات أهمية كـ ' أحداث الخطرة ' للاعبين.
وهذه التنقية لها تخميناتهــا الواقعية على التطورات المستقبلية كـ (الأغمـاء، الذبحة الصدرية، توقف خلايا المخ) حيث أن الاعبين نتأثر بثلاثة أنظمة فرعية رئيسية وهي: النظامـ العقلي، الكيمياوي الحيوي، والهيكلي. هذه الأجهزة تعطينــا معلومات تتعلق بالحالة الجسدية النفسية لكل لاعب مِنــا.
هكذا تجمّع المعلومــات من قبل MilanLab خلال نظام متطور من توزيع أسلاك طور من قبل Unysis ومدعوم من قبل الأجهزة مجهزة من قبل AMD. ثم برمجيات متقدمة طورت من قبل شركاء الحاسوب لــ تحليل المعلومات المكتسبة.

الشراكات
عقد الMilanlab شراكات مع أغلم مراكز البحوث الدولية المميزة أبرزها مركز senseable في بوسطن الأمريكية، إدارة الهندسة الحيوية لجامعة لوفان في بلجيكا ومركز للبحوث في نظرية المعرفة والتطبيق في جامعة سان رفائيل.

المصادر

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي

مختبرات
منشآت إيه سي ميلان

مختبر إيه سي ميلان


(8096) Émilezola ist ein Asteroid des Hauptgürtels, der am 20. Juli 1993 vom belgischen Astronomen Eric Walter Elst am La-Silla-Observatorium (IAU-Code 809) der Europäischen Südsternwarte entdeckt wurde.

Der Himmelskörper ist nach dem französischen Schriftsteller und Journalisten Émile Zola (1840–1902) benannt.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Asteroiden

Weblinks
 Asteroid Emilezola: Discovery Circumstances gemäß dem Minor Planet Center der Internationalen Astronomischen Union bei dem Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA
 Asteroid Emilezola in der Small-Body Database des Jet Propulsion Laboratory der NASA bei dem California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser
Émile Zola

(8096) Émilezola


An Bolboschoenus robustus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Frederick Traugott Pursh, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Jiří Soják. An Bolboschoenus robustus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bolboschoenus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Bolboschoenus

Bolboschoenus robustus


Janna J. Levin (nascida em 1967) é uma cosmóloga teórica americana e professora de física e astronomia no Barnard College. Ela obteve um Bacharelado em Astronomia e Física com concentração em Filosofia no Barnard College em 1988 e um PhD em Física Teórica no Massachusetts Institute of Technology em 1993. Grande parte de seu trabalho trata da busca de evidências que sustentem a proposta de que nosso universo pode ser finito em tamanho devido a sua topologia não trivial. Outros trabalhos incluem buracos negros e a teoria do caos. Ela se juntou ao corpo docente do Barnard College em janeiro de 2004 e atualmente é a Professora Claire Tow de Física e Astronomia.

Biografia
Levin nasceu de pais judeus de língua iídiche no Texas. Seus avós eram imigrantes da Europa Oriental, que eventualmente desistiram de se manter kosher. Ela descreve sua família como principalmente não religiosa (Levin não foi levada à sinagoga e não recebeu bat mitzvah). Ela frequentou a Universidade Columbia para seu bacharelado e o MIT para seu doutorado, graduando-se em 1993.

Levin é professora de física e astronomia no Barnard College da Columbia University com bolsa da Tow Foundation. Ela pesquisa buracos negros, a cosmologia de dimensões extras e ondas gravitacionais em forma de espaço-tempo. Além disso, ela é a diretora de ciências da Pioneer Works.

Levin é o autor do popular livro de ciência How the Universe Got Its Spots: Diary of a Finite Time in a Finite Space . Em 2006, ela publicou A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines, um romance de ideias contando as vidas e mortes de Kurt Gödel e Alan Turing.

Ela apareceu como convidada no programa Comedy Central de Stephen Colbert, The Colbert Report, em 24 de agosto de 2006. Ela também apareceu como convidada no programa de rádio Speaking of Faith em 22 de fevereiro de 2009, onde discutiu seu livro A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines. Levin apresentou "The sound the universe makes" no TED.com em 1º de março de 2011. Ela foi nomeada uma bolsista Guggenheim em 2012.

Bibliografia

 Como o universo conseguiu seus pontos: Diário de um tempo finito em um espaço finito, Orion Publishing Group, 2002
 A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines, Anchor, 2009
 Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space, Knopf, 2016
 Guia de sobrevivência do buraco negro, Knopf, 2020

Ligações externas

 Janna Levin at TED: "The Sound The Universe Makes"

Alunos da Universidade Columbia
Alunos do Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts
Físicos teóricos
Alunas do Barnard College
Físicos dos Estados Unidos do século XXI
Educadores dos Estados Unidos
Professores da Universidade de Cambridge
Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1967

Janna Levin


Hajo Steinert (* 1952 in Goslar) ist ein deutscher Schriftsteller, Rundfunkjournalist und Literaturkritiker.

Leben
Steinert wuchs in Düsseldorf und Gummersbach auf, studierte von 1974 bis 1977 an der Universität Siegen und von 1977 bis 1980 an der University of Houston Germanistik und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaften. Er machte 1980 seinen Abschluss als Master of Arts in Houston und promovierte 1983 zum Dr. phil. bei Professor Helmut Kreuzer in Siegen. Seit 1984 lebt er in Köln.

Berufliches Wirken
Von 1975 bis 1980 wirkte Steinert als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter und Research Assistant an den Universitäten in Siegen bzw. Houston. Von 1980 an schrieb er regelmäßig Film- und Literaturkritiken für die Siegener Zeitung, den Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger und die Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (bis 1988). Von 1986 bis 2016 arbeitete er als Literatur-Redakteur, Autor und Moderator beim Deutschlandfunk. Von 1999 an leitete er zusätzlich das Ressort "Kulturelles Wort".

1990 gründete er die monatlich ausgestrahlte Veranstaltungs- und Sendereihe "Studio LCB. Aus dem Literarischen Colloquium Berlin," die heute (Stand Februar 2019) noch regelmäßig stattfindet. 1994 rief er die monatlich von 30 Juroren aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz zusammengestellte und unter seiner Moderation (bis 2016) ausgestrahlte DLF-Bestenliste für Kinder- und Jugendliteratur "Die besten 7 Bücher für junge Leser" ins Leben.
Zwischen 1986 und 2001 schrieb er u. a. für Die Zeit, die Weltwoche in Zürich und die Basler Zeitung Rezensionen. Von 2001 bis 2014 auch für die Literarische Welt.

Von 1990 bis 2000 trat er mit Schriftstellerporträts (John Irving, Louis Begley, Paul Auster, Colum McCann, Lily Brett, James Salter, Martin Walser, Ingo Schulze u. v. a.) als Filmautor und Studiogast in Literatursendungen verschiedener Sendeanstalten der ARD ("Bücher, Bücher", "Lesezeit", "Kulturweltspiegel", "Literatur im Foyer") in Erscheinung. Am 13. Juni 1996 war er Marcel Reich-Ranickis Gast im "Literarischen Quartett" des ZDF.

Steinert war Lehrbeauftragter an Universitäten in Zürich und Hildesheim und Gastprofessor an der Washington University in St. Louis/Missouri (2006). Als Moderator und Programmbeirat engagiert er sich seit 1991 jährlich für das Erlanger Poetenfest (Stand 2019). Seine Jurytätigkeit erstreckt sich u. a. von der SWR-Bestenliste (seit 1988), dem Aspekte-Literaturpreis des ZDF (seit 1990) über den Marie Luise Kaschnitz-Preis (seit 2000), den Peter-Huchel-Preis (2003–2005), den Heinrich-Böll-Preis (seit 2006), den Deutschen Buchpreis (2007) bis hin zum 2012 gegründeten Ulla-Hahn-Preis und zur Darmstädter Jury Buch des Monats.

Seit 1984 verfasst Steinert Bücher, Buchbeiträge, Lexikonartikel zu den Bereichen Literatur, Fußball und Fotografie. Er gab Anthologien und Hörbücher zur deutschen Literatur heraus und ist Autor literarischer Prosa. 2015 erschien sein erster Roman. Der Liebesidiot erzählt die turbulente, ebenso tragische wie komische Geschichte eines Mannes, der nach Jahren des erotischen Experimentierens vor allem eines herbeisehnt: die Rückkehr der Liebe. In seinem 2019 erschienenen Roman Blumenspiel erzählt Steinert von einem Kunstschmied und einer Näherin, die 1909 aus der lärmenden Stadt Cöln am Rhein flüchten und in der Aussteigerkolonie auf dem Monte Verità in Ascona landen.

Steinert ist Mitglied im PEN.

Schriften (Auswahl)

 Rückpässe. Die Fibel für Fußball-Romantiker. Ellert & Richter Verlag. Hamburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-8319-0621-5.
 686,4 Der Rheinauhafen Köln. Metamorphose einer Stadtlandschaft. Klaus Kuschek (Fotos) / Hajo Steinert (Text). Greven Verlag, Köln 2012, ISBN 978-3-7743-0605-9.
 Chargesheimer im Zoo. Fotografien aus den fünfziger Jahren. Greven Verlag, Köln 2010, ISBN 978-3-7743-0437-6.
 Podolskis Ahnen. Erinnerungen an den Fussball. DuMont Literatur und Kunst Verlag, Köln 2006, ISBN 978-3-8321-7954-0.
 Unser Stadion. Geschichten, Legenden, Schicksale. Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 2004, ISBN 3-462-03549-5.
 Schnellkurs Fußball. DuMont Literatur und Kunst Verlag. Köln 2002, ISBN 3-8321-7800-7.
 Das Schreiben über den Tod. Von Thomas Bernhards Roman "Verstörung" zur Erzählprosa der siebziger Jahre. Peter Lang, Frankfurt a. M. 1984.

Herausgaben (Auswahl)
 Stadtlandfluss. Eine Lyrikanthologie. Hrsg. von Jürgen Nendza und Hajo Steinert mit einem Nachwort von Ulla Hahn. Lilienfeld Verlag, Düsseldorf 2014, ISBN 978-3-940357-46-5.
 Schöne Aussichten. Neue Prosa aus der DDR. Hrsg. zusammen mit Christian Döring. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a. M. 1990, ISBN 3-518-11593-6.
 Erste Einsichten. Neue Prosa aus der Bundesrepublik. Hrsg. zusammen mit Christian Döring. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a. M. 1990, ISBN 3-518-11592-8.

Hörbücher (Auswahl)
 Ich, Lukas Podolski. Die besten Szenen! Die stärksten Sprüche! Alle WM-Tore, alles Live! Originaltoncollage. Kunstmann Verlag, München 2006, ISBN 3-88897-440-2.
 Dichterstimmen 1. 60er Jahre. Mit Alfred Andersch, Thomas Bernhard, Jürgen Becker, Heimito von Doderer, Siegfried Lenz, Wolfgang Koeppen, Gisela Elsner und Marie-Luise Kaschnitz. Der Hörverlag, München, ISBN 3-89940-407-6.
 Dichterstimmen 2. 70er Jahre. Mit Nicolas Born, Elias Canetti, Wilhelm Genazino, Dieter Wellershoff, Gabriele Wohmann, Peter Handke, Botho Strauß, Angelika Mechtel, Martin Walser und Ror Wolf. Der Hörverlag, München, ISBN 3-89940-636-2.

Buchbeiträge (Auswahl)
 Die Auflösung des Konjunktivs im Netz. In: Das Tor der Tore. Die größten Momente des deutschen Fußballs. Hrsg. von Peter Bizer. Ellert & Richter Verlag, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-8319-0600-0.
 Jurek Becker und das Radio. Ein Hörfunkredakteur berichtet. In: Der Grenzgänger. Zu Leben und Werk Jurek Beckers. Hrsg. von Olaf Kutzmutz. Bundesakademie für kulturelle Bildung Wolfenbüttel. Wolfenbüttel 2012. ISBN 978-3-929622-53-9.
 So nah wie möglich an der Wahrheit zu lügen. Barbara Honigmanns autobiografische Schriften. In: Die Ethik der Literatur. Deutsche Autoren der Gegenwart. Hrsg. von Paul Michael Lützeler. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-8353-0865-7.
 Ran an die Theke! Eine Kneipentour durch die Prosa des Weltenbummlers Matthias Politycki. In: Kritik des Ästhetischen – Ästhetik der Kritik. Hrsg. von Andreas Kirchner u. a. Schüren Verlag, Marburg 2010, ISBN 3-89472-566-4.
 zugeschüttetes gesicht. Über Friederike Mayröcker. In: Frauen dichten anders. Hrsg. von Marcel Reich-Ranicki. Insel Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. und Leipzig 1998, ISBN 3-458-16887-7.
 Wottka-Kalé! Wottka-Kalé! Über Adolf Endler. In: Krawarnewall. Über Adolf Endler. Hrsg. von Gerrit-Jan Berndse. Reclam-Verlag, Leipzig 1997, ISBN 3-379-01599-7.
 Der Mann mit dem Koffer. In: Begegnungen. Facetten eines Jahrhunderts. Helmut Kreuzer zum 70. Geburtstag. Hrsg. von Doris Rosenstein. Verlag Carl Böschen, Siegen 1997, ISBN 3-932212-07-X.
 Döblin. Dringend gesucht. Berlin-Romane der neunziger Jahre. In: Deutschsprachige Gegenwartsliteratur. Wider ihre Verächter. Hrsg. von Christian Döring. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 1995, ISBN 3-518-11938-9.
 Die Entdeckung der Langsamkeit. In: Dieter Kühn. Hrsg. von Werner Klüppelholz und Helmut Scheuer. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 1992, ISBN 3-518-38613-1.
 Der letzte Literaturpapst dieses Jahrhunderts. In: Betrifft Literatur. Über Marcel Reich-Ranicki. Hrsg. von Peter Wapnewski, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-421-06570-5.

Erzählende Prosa (Auswahl)
 Blumenspiel. Roman. München 2019, Penguin Verlag, ISBN 978-3-328-60008-4.
 Der Liebesidiot. Roman. München 2015, Knaus Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8135-0429-3.
 Der Kaschmirpullover 2. In: Sonnenkätzchen. Hrsg. von Jone Heer. Piper, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-492-27462-3.
 Der Kaschmirpullover I. In: Sommerkätzchen. Hrsg. von Jone Heer. Piper, München 2010, ISBN 978-3-492-25842-5.
 Ich bin Garrincha. In: Fritz Walter, Kaiser Franz und wir. Hrsg. von Frank Goosen. Eichborn, Frankfurt a. M. 2004, ISBN 3-8218-4884-7.
 Das Zappeln im Netz oder Sterben in Schönheit. In: 3:2. 20 Jahre Cordoba. Döcker, Wien 1998, ISBN 3-85115-260-3.
 Papi, hier stinkt' s. In: Papi liebt dich. Illustriert von Jutta Bauer. Verlag Schöffling & Co., Frankfurt 1998, ISBN 3-89561-053-4.

Auszeichnungen
 Max Kade Critic in Residence an der Washington University in St. Louis (2006).
 Kurt Magnus Preis für Hörfunkjournalismus (1987).

Weblinks

 Hajo Steinert bei Universität Siegen

Journalist (Deutschland)
Hörfunkjournalist
Person (Deutschlandradio)
Autor
Literaturkritiker
Herausgeber
Person (Köln)
Mitglied im PEN-Zentrum Deutschland
Deutscher
Geboren 1952
Mann
Sachbuchautor (Fußball)

Hajo Steinert


Joachim Ladefoged (født 1970) er en dansk fotograf. Han har arbejdet professionelt som fotograf siden 1991 og er medlem af det internationale foto agentur VII.

Ladefoged har vundet adskillige priser, såsom Visa D'Or, World Press Photo, POYi, Eissie, Agfa og Årets Pressefoto.

Referencer

Fotografer fra Danmark

Joachim Ladefoged


es un hanamachi ubicado en el distrito Gion de la ciudad de Kioto, junto a Gion Higashi. Es conocido por mantener las tradiciones en su arquitectura, cultura, religión y forma de vida. Sobre todo se destacan las geishas.

Historia
Se dice que este hanamachi es el que mejor enseña y practica las tradiciones, y es una de los hanamachi de más antigüedad.
En 1655 Gion obtuvo mayor licencia para poder abrir casas de té, gracias a lo cual la zona se convirtió en un gran atractivo turístico. En 1866 Gion se dividió en 2 hanamachi: Gion Kobu y Gion Higashi.

Actualmente en Gion se puede ver a las maikos y geikos atendiendo a los clientes y transitar por las calles.
En esta zona se encuentran las okiyas Masuume, Nakagishi, Kaida, Odamoto, Hiroshimaya, Ninben, Mikami, Arai, Nishimura, Tsurui, Mi no Yae, Tama, Odamoto, Shibata y también el hogar de la desaparecida okiya Iwasaki, hogar de la famosa geisha Mineko Iwasaki.

Kioto

Gion Kōbu


ماريك ماتيوفسكي  ، من مواليد 20 ديسمبر [1981] في برانديز ناد لابيم في تشيكوسلوفاكيا ، لاعب كرة قدم تشيكي.

يلعب مع نادي ريدينغ الإنجليزي منذ عام 2008.

بدأ باللعب مع منتخب التشيك لكرة القدم في عام 2007.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية تشيكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون تشيكيون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون من إقليم بوهيميا الوسطى
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري التشيكي الممتاز
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو سبارتا براغ
لاعبو كرة قدم تشيكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم تشيكيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو منتخب التشيك لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي ريدينغ
لاعبو نادي ملادا بوليسلاف
لاعبو نادي يابلونتس
مواليد 1981
لاعبو كرة قدم من إقليم بوهيميا الوسطى

ماريك ماتيوفسكي


Sunao Hozaki (født 14. marts 1987) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub SC Sagamihara.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Sunao Hozaki


Léon Gaston Genevier (n. 18 iunie 1830, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place – d. 11 iulie 1880, Nantes) a fost un botanist, micolog și farmacist francez. Abrevierea numelui său în cărți științifice este Genev..

Biografie

Tânărul Gaston a început învățătura lui la farmacistul M. Moride în Nantes, fiind un ucenic bun și deja pasionat de botanică. După sfârșitul educației a luat un post la Angers ca asistent farmacist, în primul rând,  pentru ași continua studiile botanice. A devenit un elev stăruitor și preferat al renumitului savant Alexander Boreau (1803-1875), remarcat pentru intelectul său precum descoperirile sale floristice, pe care l-a însoțit la mai multe excursii, rămânând însă în contact strâns cu el și după acea. În această perioadă Genevier a revizuit faimoasa carte a lui Boreau Flore du Centre de la France (despre flora Franței centrale). Apoi a studiat și terminat studiile farmaceutice la Facultatea de Farmacie din Paris, fiind în acest timp elev apreciat al profesor de botanică Gaspard Adolphe Chatin (1813-1901) al acestei instituții.

În anul 1855, Genevier s-a instalat ca farmacist în Mortagne-sur-Sèvre în departamentul Vendée, într-o regiune a cărei sol bazează pe rocă de granit, flora ei fiind de acea relativ monotonă. Pricinuit faptului, că munca lui ca șef de farmacie l-a împiedicat la explorarea altor zone, savantul a extins cercetările sale, analizând și taxând formele foarte des găsite în această regiune: ciuperci (de exemplu Agaricus xanthodermus), mușchi și hepatice.

Din 1860, activitatea lui s-a orientat aproape exclusiv revizii genului Rubus din bazinul râului Loara de exemplu Rubus bipartitus (Boulay & Bouvet ex Genev.). Botanistul a descris peste o sută de specii acestui gen. În jurul anului 1870, omul de stiință s-a stabilit permanent în Nantes ca farmacist și a publicat prima ediție a eseului său monografic Rubus despre bazinul Loarei. Ierbarul lui referitor acestor plante, conținând un mare număr de soiuri, a fost integrat ulterior în ierbarul al Universității din Cambridge. Botanistul a distribuit încă pe timpul vieții părți ale ierbarelor sale la diferiți botaniști și se află în prezent în multe instituții, cum sunt Muséum des sciences naturelles d'Angers (Muzeul de Științe Naturale din Angers) în Maine-et-Loire, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Muzeul Național de Istorie Naturală )din Paris, Muzeul Manchester și British Museum.

Specii denumite în onoarea lui Genevier (selecție)
 Mentha genevierii Déségl. & Durand din familia Lamiaceae
 Rubus genevierii Boreau din familia Rosaceae

Publicații

 Essai sur quelques espèces du genre Rubus de Maine-et-Loire et de la Vendée, în: Mémoires de la Société académique de Maine et Loire nr. 8,  p. 66-108 (1860)
 Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Viola, în: Mémoires de la Société académique de Maine et Loire, nr. 8, p. 178-180 (1860)
 Essai sur quelques espèces du genre Rubus de Maine-et-Loire et de la Vendée, deuxième partie, în: Mémoires de la Société académique de Maine et Loire, nr. 10, p. 17-37 (1861)
 Observation sur la collection de Rubus de l'herbier J. Bastard, în: Mémoires de la Société académique de Maine et Loire, nr. 14, p. 80-96 (1863)
 Extrait de la florule des environs de Mortagne-sur-Sèvre, în: Mémoires de la Société académique de Maine et Loire, nr. 20, p. 17-51 (1866)
 Essai monographique sur les Rubus du bassin de la Loire, în: Mémoires de la Société académique de Maine et Loire, nr. 24, p. 1-346 (1869)
 Premier supplément à l'essai monographique sur les Rubus du bassin de la Loire, în: Mémoires de la Société académique de Maine et Loire, nr. 28, p. 1-96 (1872)
 Observations sur un Champignon de l'ordre des Ascomycètes, în: Bulletin de la Société botanique de France, nr. 20, p. 334-335 (1872)
 Rapport sur les travaux de la section d'Histoire Naturelle pendant l'année 1873, în: Annales de la Société royale académique de Nantes, nr. 44, p. 405-411 (1873)
 Étude sur les Champignons consommés à Nantes sous le nom de Champignon rose ou de couche (Agaricus campestris L.), în: Bulletin de la Société botanique de France, nr. 23, p. 28-35 (1876)
 Note sur Euphorbia maculata L., în: Bulletin de la Société botanique de France, nr. 25, p. 247 (1878)
 1878 – Notice sur le Morchella elata Fries. în Bulletin de la Société botanique de France, nr. 25, p. 159-162 (1878)
 Monographie des Rubus du bassin de la Loire, Editura Savy, Paris, Nantes 1880, Ediția a 2-a:

Note

Bibliografie
 Benoît Dayrat: "Les botanistes et la flore de France, trois siècles de découvertes", Editura Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-85653-548-8

Nașteri în 1830
Nașteri pe 18 iunie
Decese în 1880
Decese pe 11 iulie
Biologi din secolul al XIX-lea
Botaniști cu abreviere de autor
Botaniști francezi
Farmaciști
Micologi francezi

Léon Gaston Genevier


Anacardioideae, potporodica rujevki. Sastoji se od 60 rodova a tipični je Anacardium sa 20 vrsta grmova i drbveća iz Srednje i , južne Amerike.

Rodovi

 Abrahamia Randrian. & Lowry
 Actinocheita F.Barkley
 Amphipterygium Schiede ex Standl.
 Anacardium L.
 Androtium Stapf
 Astronium Jacq.
 Attilaea E.Martínez & Ramos
 Baronia Baker
 Blepharocarya F.Muell.
 Bonetiella Rzed.
 Bouea Meisn.
 Buchanania Spreng.
 Campnosperma Thwaites
 Campylopetalum Forman
 Cardenasiodendron F.A.Barkley
 Comocladia P.Browne
 Cotinus Mill.
 Dobinea Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
 Drimycarpus Hook.f.
 Euroschinus Hook.f.
 Faguetia Marchand
 Fegimanra Pierre
 Gluta L.
 Haplorhus Engl.
 Heeria Meisn.
 Holigarna Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.
 Laurophyllus Thunb.
 Lithraea Miers ex Hook. & Arn.
 Loxopterygium Hook.f.
 Loxostylis Spreng. ex Rchb.
 Malosma (Nutt.) Abrams
 Mangifera L.
 Mauria Kunth
 Melanochyla Hook.f.
 Metopium P.Browne
 Micronychia Oliv.
 Mosquitoxylum Krug & Urb.
 Myracrodruon Allemão
 Nothopegia Blume
 Ochoterenaea F.A.Barkley
 Orthopterygium Hemsl.
 Ozoroa Delile
 Pachycormus Coville ex Standl.
 Parishia Hook.f.
 Pentaspadon Hook.f.
 Pistacia L.
 Protorhus Engl.
 Pseudosmodingium Engl.
 Rhodosphaera Engl.
 Rhus L.
 Schinopsis Engl.
 Schinus L.
 Searsia F.A.Barkley
 Semecarpus L.f.
 Smodingium E.Mey. ex Sond.
 Sorindeia Thouars
 Swintonia Griff.
 Thyrsodium Salzm. ex Benth.
 Toxicodendron Mill.
 Trichoscypha Hook.f.

Izvori

Rujevke

Anacardioideae


Bijele Vode je naseljeno mjesto u općini Kakanj, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 288

 Muslimani - 216
 Srbi - 67
 Jugoslaveni - 3
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 2

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 161

 Bošnjaci - 160
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 1

Izvori

Naselja u Zeničko-dobojskoj županiji
Kakanj

Bijele Vode (Kakanj, BiH)


Spenser: For Hire is an American crime drama series based on Robert B. Parker's Spenser novels. The series, developed for TV by John Wilder and starring Robert Urich, was broadcast on ABC from September 20, 1985, until May 7, 1988.

Production
The series ran on ABC from September 20, 1985, to May 7, 1988. Despite frequent time slot changes and occasional pre-emptions, the show garnered decent ratings. Location shooting ultimately led to the show's demise, with costs being cited as one of the main reasons why ABC cancelled it. Filmed largely in Boston, which was considered one of the show's strong points, it featured shots from many locations, even showing the harsh winters there (notably in the pilot). The show's  music was produced by Steve Dorff and Larry Herbstritt.

The series was estimated to have generated $50 million for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Characters

Spenser

Spenser (Robert Urich) is the only name used for this character throughout the show. When introducing himself, he often says "Spenser with an 'S', like the poet." In "The Choice", it is revealed that Spenser fared poorly in a professional fight 12 years ago, but he still boxes and exercises at Henry Cimoli's Gym. He is well-read, often quoting poetry in everyday conversation, and is an excellent cook, often making recipes he picks up from watching Julia Child on his kitchen counter television.

Spenser lives in Boston and drives distinctive cars. His first is a mildly-worn out, ivy green '66 Ford Mustang, which is destroyed at the beginning of the second season. It is succeeded by a new 1987 Mustang 5.0 GT which, nine episodes later, is traded for a perfectly restored 1966 Mustang GT which gets banged up over the remaining run of the show. In the TV films, he drives a red Ford Probe in the first two, then switches to a burgundy red 1967 Ford Mustang fastback for the final two films.

Spenser carries a Beretta 9mm pistol and acknowledges being a Vietnam War veteran in the series' pilot episode. Spenser was also a former member of the Boston police force and occasionally cooperates with the BPD in the series.

In "Children of the Tempest Storm", Susan Silverman (Barbara Stock) reveals that she is pregnant with Spenser's child. The word abortion comes up when talking with her doctor, and is discussed throughout the episode, though often not using the word. Susan and Spenser discuss the issue and are at odds over the moral dilemma. Spenser, a Catholic, does not know if he can stay with Susan, though he loves her deeply, if she aborts. He believes it is only for her convenience that she would choose abortion. In the end, she has the abortion, and he brings her flowers. They silently affirm that the relationship will continue. After Susan leaves the show, ADA Rita Fiore (Carolyn McCormick) becomes Spenser's love interest during the second season.

After his apartment goes up in flames at the start of the second episode, Spenser moves into a "firehouse", given to him by grateful local firefighters for saving the life of a firefighter at his apartment building. It is situated on the corner of River Street, near Mt. Vernon Square and Beacon Hill. In the second season, the Fire Department takes the station back and Spenser moves to a small top floor apartment in Charlestown, near the old Boston Navy Yard which he now uses as his office.

Hawk

Hawk (Avery Brooks) is a smartly dressed enforcer. Though he is for hire, he has a code of ethics and assists Spenser. In the pilot episode ("Promised Land"), he and Spenser obviously have respect for each other, and he switches over from King Powers' (Chuck Connors) side to Spenser's side when he does not like Powers' actions. Hawk carries a Colt Python .357 Magnum as his weapon of choice.

Lt. Quirk

Lt. Quirk (Richard Jaeckel) and Spenser have an uneasy, somewhat adversarial relationship, but often work together. In the episode "Heart of the Matter", Quirk suffers an angina attack and reluctantly accepts the fact that he must retire after 35 years on the force.

Episodes

The series consisted of three seasons (1985–1988) with a total of 66 episodes, and was followed by a series of four made-for-TV movies (1993–1995).

Home media
On June 28, 2005, Rykodisc released the four TV movies on DVD that were made following the cancellation of the weekly series.  In 2007, Rykodisc re-released each of them separately.

On August 26, 2014, Warner Bros. released the first season on DVD via their Warner Archive Collection.  This is a manufacture-on-demand (MOD) release, available through Warner's online store and Amazon.com. Warner's website explains that the initial disc run was pressed traditionally "to meet expected high consumer demand".  The second season was released on May 12, 2015. The third and last season was released on September 1, 2015.

, the series is currently available for streaming online on The Roku Channel and Tubi.

Spin-offs and remakes
In 1989, after the show ended, Brooks starred in his own spin-off series, A Man Called Hawk.

From 1999 to 2001, Joe Mantegna played the detective in a series of three telemovies on A&E.

In an April 23, 2009 blog entry, Robert Parker stated that he was in talks with TNT to produce a remake of the series. However, Parker died in 2010 before these plans could take place.

The 2020 Netflix film Spenser Confidential is the first installment of a reboot of the series.

Notable guest stars
Angela Bassett
Patricia Clarkson
Chuck Connors
Ruby Dee
Laurence Fishburne
Sarah Michelle Gellar
Seth Green
Samuel L. Jackson
Eriq La Salle
Melissa Leo
Andie MacDowell
William H. Macy
Mako
Frances McDormand
Ed O'Neill
David Hyde Pierce
Ving Rhames
Jimmy Smits
Clarice Taylor

References

External links

1985 American television series debuts
1988 American television series endings
1980s American crime drama television series
American Broadcasting Company original programming
1980s American mystery television series
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Television shows based on American novels
Television shows set in Boston
Fictional portrayals of the Boston Police Department
American detective television series
Television shows filmed in Boston

Spenser: For Hire


7629 Foros este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7629 Foros este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul de Astrofizică din Crimeea de Nikolai Cernîh. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,37 ua, o excentricitate de 0,23 și o înclinație de 1,9° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Familia  Nysa

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1977
Centura de asteroizi

7629 Foros


USS Makassar Strait (CVE-91) was a  of the United States Navy. She was named after the Battle of Makassar Strait, an early naval engagement to the east of Borneo. Launched in March 1944, and commissioned in April, she served in support of the Battle of Okinawa. Postwar, she participated in Operation Magic Carpet. She was decommissioned in August 1946, when she was mothballed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Ultimately, she was used as a target, and she was accidentally ran aground on San Nicolas Island in April 1961. Her wreckage survived until at least 1965.

Design and description

Makassar Strait was a Casablanca-class escort carrier, the most numerous type of aircraft carrier ever built, and designed specifically to be mass-produced using prefabricated sections, in order to replace heavy early war losses. Standardized with her sister ships, she was  long overall, had a beam of , and a draft of . She displaced  standard,  with a full load. She had a  long hangar deck and a  long flight deck. She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make . The ship had a cruising range of  at a speed of . Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.

One /38 caliber dual-purpose gun was mounted on the stern. Anti-aircraft defense was provided by 8 Bofors  anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon  cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck. By the end of the war, Casablanca-class carriers had been modified to carry thirty 20–mm cannons, and the amount of 40–mm guns had been doubled to sixteen, by putting them into twin mounts. These modifications were in response to increasing casualties due to kamikaze attacks. Casablanca-class escort carriers were designed to carry 27 aircraft, but the hangar deck could accommodate more. For example, during the Battle of Okinawa, she carried 16 FM-2 fighters, and 12 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, for a total of 28  aircraft.

Construction
Her construction was awarded to Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington under a Maritime Commission contract, on 18 June 1942, under the name Ulitaka Bay, as part of a tradition which named escort carriers after bays or sounds in Alaska. She was renamed Makassar Strait on 6 November 1943, as part of a new naval policy which named subsequent Casablanca-class carriers after naval or land engagements. The escort carrier was laid down on 29 December 1943, MC hull 1128, the thirty-sixth of a series of fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers. She was launched on 22 March 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Truman J. Hedding; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 27 April 1944, with Captain Warren Kenneth Berner in command.

Service history

Upon being commissioned, Makassar Strait underwent a shakedown cruise down the West Coast to San Diego. On 6 June, she departed San Diego, transporting aircraft and passengers to the Marshall Islands, making a stop at Pearl Harbor along the way. On her return trip, she loaded military wounded, and ferried them back to the West Coast, arriving back at Southern California on 13 July. She spent the next two months as a training carrier, conducting pilot qualifications off Southern California. On 25 September, she left for another transport mission, ferrying 129 aircraft to Hawaii and the Admiralty Islands. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 26 October, with a load of damaged fighters, where she resumed training operations.

For the next three months, until the new year, she served yet again as a training carrier in the waters surrounding Hawaii, hosting a dozen different air groups on her deck. Captain Herbert D. Riley assumed command on January 10, 1945. About 6,700 landings were made on her flight deck, as she conducted various types of exercises. After loading her permanent aircraft contingent, Composite Squadron 97 (VC-97), she departed Pearl Harbor on 29 January 1945, and was assigned to Task Group 50.8 (Logistics Support Group). She stopped at Enewetak Atoll, before assuming her role protecting convoys supporting the frontline Fast Carrier Task Force. She also provided air screens for the transfer of replacement aircraft to their carriers.

She was assigned to a support carrier group on 8 April, and began conducting operations with the main strike group of Task Group 52.1. She consequently began combat operations over Okinawa in support of the ongoing battle. For the next four weeks, she provided close air support and bombed Japanese defenses as the marines struggled to fight their way south. During these operations, her fighters shot down four Japanese aircraft. She ceased operations over Okinawa on 7 May, when she transferred her aircraft contingent to  at Kerama Retto, which was to serve as her replacement.

After retiring from Okinawa, she arrived at Guam on 11 May. She then operated as a training carrier in the vicinity of the Mariana Islands, providing refresher training for pilots. She finished her duties and left for Hawaii on 19 July, making a stop at Kwajalein Atoll, where she loaded fifty aircraft.  She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 29 July, where she took on 387 passengers. She then proceeded, on 14 August, to sail for the West Coast. She arrived at San Diego on 21 August, and served, yet again, as a training carrier off the Southern California coast until well past the Japanese surrender. By the end of October, there had been over 15,500 recorded landings on her flight deck.

On 4 November, she left San Diego, and joined the "Magic Carpet" fleet, which repatriated U.S. servicemen from throughout the Pacific. She sailed for Pearl Harbor, where she shipped troops to the Marshall Islands. She then stopped at Kwajalein, where she took on 1,092 veterans, and sailed back to the West Coast, arriving at San Diego on 29 November. On 4 December, she left for Guam, returning on 3 January 1946, repatriating a further 1,123 veterans back to the United States. She departed San Diego on 5 January, heading to Tacoma, Washington, making a stop at San Francisco. Upon arriving on 12 January, she was mothballed with the 19th Fleet, which would later become known as the Pacific Reserve Fleet.

She was declassified and decommissioned on 9 August 1946. She was reclassified as CVU-91 on 12 June 1955. On 28 August 1958, she was authorized to be used as a target and destroyed, and she was struck from the Navy list on 1 September 1958. During the next three years, she was used by the navy to gather data on the use of surface-launched missiles. During April 1961, while under tow to San Clemente Island off Southern California, she accidentally ran aground on San Nicholas Island in the Channel Islands. The Navy then sold her for breaking in situ on 2 May 1961. However, she was not scrapped, partially due to her less than optimal position. In 1965, it was known that she had not yet been broken up and was still being used as a target by the navy. Notably, by then, the entire escort carrier had since been split in half by the grounding.

References

Sources

Online sources

Bibliography

External links

 U.S.S. Makassar Strait Regimental History (1946)

Casablanca-class escort carriers
World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States
Ships built in Vancouver, Washington
1944 ships
Maritime incidents in 1961
Shipwrecks of the California coast
S4-S2-BB3 ships

USS Makassar Strait


مجلس الدولة ("Государственный Совет") كانت الهيئة الاستشارية العليا التابعة للقيصر في الإمبراطورية الروسية.

القرن الثامن عشر

مجالس القيصر كانت مجالس صغيرة وتعنى في المقام الأول بالسياسة الخارجية.

ادخل بيتر الأول المجلس السري. ادخلت كاثرين الأولى المجلس السري الأعلى. كان دوره مختلفا خلال العهود المختلفة.

قام بيتر الثالث بإنشاء المجلس الامبراطوري في 20 مايو 1762 ("Императорский Совет")، أو، رسميا «المجلس الأعلى في المحكمة العليا» ("Совет при высочайшем дворе"). اقيل بعد فترة وجيزة بخلافة كاترين الثانية. مجلس الدولة لم يعد موجودا بعد ثورة فبراير من عام 1917.

1810-1917
أنشئ مجلس الدولة من قبل ألكسندر الأول عام 1810 كجزء من إصلاحات سبيرانسكي. على الرغم من سبيرانسكي على النحو المتوخى في مجلس الشيوخ في البرلمان الروسي، لأنها فعلا هيئة استشارية تشريعية مؤلفة من الناس الذين كان يمكن للقيصر الوثوق به. اختلف عدد الأعضاء في فترات مختلفة. عند إنشائه في عام 1810 كان هناك 35 عضوا، في عام 1890 كان هناك 60. ان الواجب الأساسي للمجلس كان التحقيق الأولي، إصدار وإلغاء القوانين.

خلال 1906-1917، تم تعريف المركز التابع لمجلس الدولة بموجب الدستور الروسي 1906. وتم تعيين رئيسه من قبل القيصر. نصف أعضائه تم تعيينهم من قبل القيصر من الشخصيات المميزة في الخدمة المدنية والعسكرية، ونصف من الانتخابات من مختلف فئات المجتمع، كل على حدة:

 56 مقعدا من زيمتوف (1 من كل غوبرنيه)، * 18 مقعدا من جمعيات النبلاء، * 6 مقاعد من الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية الروسية: 3 منهم من رجال الدين البيض، و 3 من رجال الدين السود (الرهبان)، * 12 مقعدا من لجان البورصة، والغرف التجارية وجمعيات رجال الأعمال، * 6 مقاعد من الأكاديمية الروسية للعلوم، * مقعدان من برلمان فنلندا.

مجلس الدولة كان مجلس الشيوخ في البرلمان، في حين أن مجلس الدوما في الإمبراطورية الروسية كان مجلس النواب. بالمقارنة مع مجلس اللوردات البريطاني معاصره وغرينهاوس البروسي، الغرفة العليا الروسية كانت أكثر ديمقراطية، ونصف أعضائها كانوا منتخبين ديمقراطيا من مختلف قطاعات المجتمع، في حين أن مجلس اللوردات والهيرينهاوس يتألف وراثيا.

انظر أيضاً

 مجلس الدوما في الإمبراطورية الروسية

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1810 في روسيا
دول وأقاليم انحلت في 1917
1917
حكومة الإمبراطورية الروسية
انحلالات سنة 1917 في روسيا
المجالس العليا سابقة

مجلس الإمبراطورية الروسية


Belediye, kurumsal bir yapısı ile bölgesel ya da ulusal kanunlar tarafından kendisini yönetme hakkı tanınan idari bölünüşdür. Belediye ifadesi aynı zamanda; bir şehir veya ilçenin temizlik, aydınlatma, su ve elektrik gibi ortak ihtiyaçlarını ve hizmetlerini gören örgüt anlamında da kullanılır.

Belediye köy, kasaba, ilçe, büyük şehirlerde bulunur. Kamu hizmetleri ve temel kamu hizmetleri verir. Belediyelerin yetkileri, sanal özerklikten devlete tabiliye kadar uzanmaktadır. Belediyeler, gelir vergisi, emlak vergisi ve kurumlar vergisi toplama hakkına sahip olabilir, ancak devletten önemli miktarda fon alabilir.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Ülkelere göre idari bölümler listesi
 Türkiye'nin belediyeleri listesi
 Türkiye'de büyükşehir belediyeleri
 Belediye veya şehir mühendisliği
 Belediye başkanı
 Belediye zabıtası
 Belediye meclisi

Türlerine göre ülkelerin alt bölümleri
Yerleşim birimi türleri

Belediye


Orvos Station (Orvos stasjon) var en jernbanestation på Rørosbanen, der lå i Røros kommune i Norge.

Stationen åbnede som holdeplads 1. juni 1879, et par år efter at banen blev taget i brug. Oprindeligt hed den Nypladsen, men den skiftede navn til Nyplass i april 1921 og til Orvos 1. januar 1939. Den blev opgraderet til station 1. juli 1910 men nedgraderet til holdeplads igen 1. december 1921. Den blev yderligere nedgraderet til trinbræt 1. september 1954. Betjeningen med persontog ophørte 2. juni 1985, og 31. maj 1987 blev stationen nedlagt.

Stationen blev primært anlagt af hensyn til malmtransport, men den havde også persontrafik. Den oprindelige stationsbygning fra 1879 brændte i 1889. En ny bygning fra den tid blev revet ned i 1985.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Rørosbanen
Nedlagte jernbanestationer i Norge
Etableret i 1879
Ophørt i 1987
Jernbanestationer i Trøndelag

Orvos Station


was a Japanese filmmaker and actor. His best-known films include the silent avant-garde films A Page of Madness and Crossroads and the Academy Award-winning historical drama Gate of Hell.

Biography
Kinugasa was born in Kameyama, Mie Prefecture. He began his career as an onnagata (actor specializing in female roles) at the Nikkatsu studio. When Japanese cinema began using actresses in the early 1920s, he switched to directing and worked for producers such as Shozo Makino, before becoming independent to make his best-known film, A Page of Madness (1926). It was considered lost for 45 years until the director rediscovered it in his shed in 1971. A silent film, Kinugasa released it with a new print and score to world acclaim. He also directed the film Crossroads in 1928. He directed jidaigeki at the Shochiku studios, where he helped establish the career of Chōjirō Hayashi (later known as Kazuo Hasegawa). After the war, he helmed big-budget costume productions for Daiei studios. Gate of Hell received the Palme d'or at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival and the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film.

On 26 February 1982, Kinugasa died in Kyoto at the age of 86.

Selected filmography
 1925: Tsukigata Hanpeita
 1926: A Page of Madness
 1927: Oni Azami
 1928: Crossroads
 1935: An Actor's Revenge a.k.a. The Revenge of Yukinojo
 1946: Aru yo no Tonosama
 1952: Dedication of the Great Buddha
 1953: Gate of Hell
 1955: The Romance of Yushima a.k.a. The White Sea of Yushima
 1956: Tsukigata Hanpeita: Hana no maki; Arashi no maki
 1957: A Fantastic Tale of Naruto
 1957: A Girl Isn't Allowed to Love
 1957: Floating Vessel
 1958: The Snowy Heron
 1958: Symphony of Love
 1963: ''Bronze Magician'

References

Further reading

External links

1896 births
1982 deaths
Japanese film directors
Samurai film directors
People from Mie Prefecture
Directors of Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award winners
Directors of Palme d'Or winners
Actors from Mie Prefecture

Teinosuke Kinugasa


Abraham Escudero Montoya (Urrao, Colômbia, 24 de janeiro de 1940 – Valle del Lili, Cali, Colômbia, 6 de novembro de 2009) foi Bispo de Palmira.

Abraham Escudero Montoya estudou no seminário de Medellín e foi ordenado sacerdote em 8 de junho de 1968. Estudou Psicologia na Universidad de Antioquia e doutorou-se em Teologia Espiritual pela Pontifícia Universidade Gregoriana de Roma. Foi Professor e Diretor do Seminário Menor e Diretor Espiritual do Seminário Maior de Medellín. Atuou também como diretor da Casa Paulo VI, para a pastoral juvenil e depois foi Vigário episcopal para os religiosos na Arquidiocese de Medellín.

Em 22 de maio de 1986, o Papa João Paulo II o nomeou Bispo Titular de Risinium e o nomeou Bispo Auxiliar de Medellín. Foi ordenado bispo em 21 de junho do mesmo ano pelo arcebispo de Medellín, cardeal Alfonso López Trujillo; Co-consagrantes foram o Bispo de Buga, Rodrigo Arango Velásquez PSS, e José Roberto López Londoño, Bispo Auxiliar de Medellín.

Ele foi nomeado Bispo de El Espinal pelo Papa João Paulo II em 30 de abril de 1990 e pelo Papa Bento VI em 2 de fevereiro de 2007 nomeado bispo de Palmira. Foi, entre outras coisas, Grande Chanceler da Pontifícia Universidade Bolivariana.

Ele morreu de complicações de diabetes em 6 de novembro de 2009 na Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, aos 69 anos. O governo regional do Valle del Cauca o homenageou postumamente com o decreto oficial de 1520 por seu compromisso sócio-político.

Ver também

Bispos católicos da Colômbia

Abraham Escudero Montoya


قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون لسنة 1922:

فردي رجال

 جيرالد باترسن هزم  راندولف لايسيت . النتيجة: 6-3 6-4 6-2

فردي سيدات

 سوزان لنغلن هزمت  مولا بجورستدت مالوري. النتيجة: 6-2, 6-0

مراجع

أحداث 1922 الرياضية في لندن
أحداث يوليو 1922 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1922 الرياضية
كرة المضرب في 1922

بطولة ويمبلدون 1922


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