Georgia State University (Georgia State, State, or GSU) is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1913, it is one of the University System of Georgia's four research universities. It is also the largest institution of higher education by enrollment based in Georgia and one of the largest in the nation with a student enrollment of around 52,000, including approximately 33,000 undergraduate and graduate students at the main campus downtown.

Georgia State is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity". The university is the most comprehensive public institution in Georgia, offering more than 250-degree programs in over 100 fields of study spread across 10 academic colleges and schools. Georgia State has two libraries: University Library, which is split between Library North and Library South on the main campus and also divided among the Perimeter College campuses, and Law Library, which is located on the main campus. Together, both libraries contain over 13 million holdings and serve as federal document depositories. Georgia State has a $2.5 billion economic impact in Georgia.

Georgia State University's intercollegiate athletics teams, the Georgia State Panthers, compete in NCAA Division I's Sun Belt Conference. Georgia State is a founding member of the Sun Belt Conference.

History
Initially intended as a night school, Georgia State University was established in 1913 as the Georgia School of Technology's Evening School of Commerce. A reorganization of the University System of Georgia in the 1930s led to the school becoming the Atlanta Extension Center of the University System of Georgia and allowed night students to earn degrees from several colleges in the University System. During this time, the school was divided into two divisions: Georgia Evening College and Atlanta Junior College. In September 1947, the school became affiliated with the University of Georgia and was named the Atlanta Division of the University of Georgia.

For its first four decades, the school was treated as an offsite department of its parent institution, Georgia Tech, until 1947, and UGA after 1947. Accordingly, its chief executive was called a director. However, in 1955, the Board of Regents made it an autonomous four-year college under the name Georgia State College of Business Administration. Walter Sparks, who had served as director since 1927, became the newly autonomous institution's first president. In 1961, other programs at the school had grown large enough that the name was shortened to Georgia State College. It became Georgia State University in 1969.

In 1995, the Georgia Board of Regents accorded Georgia State "research university" status, joining the University of Georgia, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Augusta University.

The first African-American student became enrolled at Georgia State in 1962, a year after the integration of the University of Georgia and Georgia Tech. Annette Lucille Hall was a Lithonia social studies teacher who enrolled in the course of the Institute on Americanism and Communism, a course required for all Georgia social studies teachers.

The Peachtree Road Race was founded in 1970 by Georgia State cross-country coach and dean of men Tim Singleton, heading it in its first six years before turning it over to the Atlanta Track Club.

Expansion periods

1913–1975
Over its 100-plus-year history, Georgia State's growth has required the acquisition and construction of more space to suit its needs. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, numerous buildings were constructed as part of a major urban renewal project, such as the Pullen Library in 1966, Classroom South in 1968, the expansion of the Pullen Library in 1968, the Arts and Humanities Building in 1970, the 10-story General Classroom Building in 1971 (now called Langdale Hall), the Sports Arena in 1973, and the 12-story Urban Life Building in 1974. In addition, a raised platform and walkway system was constructed to connect these buildings over Decatur Street and various parking structures.

1980–1989
In the 1980s, another round of expansion took place with the acquisition of the former Atlanta Municipal Auditorium in 1979, which was subsequently converted into Alumni Hall in 1982 and then to Dahlberg Hall in 2010, and currently houses Georgia State's administrative offices. That same year, the College of Law was founded in the Urban Life Building, and the Title Building on Decatur Street was acquired and converted into the College of Education's headquarters and classroom space. In 1988, the nine-story Library South was constructed on the south side of Decatur Street, which was connected to the Pullen Library via a three-story high foot bridge (officially referred to as a "link") and effectively doubled the library's space.

1990–2004
Georgia State continued this growth into the 1990s, with the expansion of Alumni Hall in 1991, the opening of the Natural Science Center in 1992, and the acquisition of the former C&S Bank Building on Marietta Street in 1993, which is now the home of the Robinson College of Business. Georgia State's first move into the Fairlie-Poplar district was the acquisition and renovation of the Standard Building, the Haas-Howell Building, and the Rialto Theater in 1996. The Standard and Haas-Howell buildings house classrooms, offices, and practice spaces for the School of Music, and the Rialto is home to Georgia State's Jazz Studies program and an 833-seat theater. In 1998, the Student Center was expanded toward Gilmer Street and provided a new 400-seat auditorium and space for exhibitions and offices for student clubs. A new Student Recreation Center opened on the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street in 2001. In 2002, the five-story Helen M. Aderhold Learning Center opened on Luckie Street amid controversy over the demolition of historical buildings on its block. Most recently, in 2004, the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies was moved to the former Wachovia Bank Building at Five Points.

2005–2015
After the release of the 2006 master plan update, a host of new building activities occurred on campus. A $20 million refurbishment to the Pullen Library complex was completed during the 2006–07 school year. Multiple new units of on-campus housing were built, including the 2,000 bed University Commons in 2007, a new dormitory named Freshman Hall (later renamed Patton Hall) in 2009 and a conversion of a former Wyndham Garden Hotel and a Baymont Inn & Suites into a new 1,100 occupancy dormitory named Piedmont North. New Greek housing was built in 2010 along Edgewood Avenue. The Citizens Trust Building on Piedmont Avenue was purchased by the university to make room for offices and student services in 2007. The Parker H. Petit Science Center was completed in 2010, opening up state-of-the-art science laboratories and teaching space. In 2013, Georgia State started operating from the original home of the Trust Company of Georgia and the SunTrust Bank, the 25 Park Place Building, a 26-floor skyscraper located adjacent to Woodruff Park in the heart of downtown Atlanta. The building currently houses many academic units of the College of Arts and Sciences, including the Dean's Office, the University Advisement Center, and facilities of the School of Public Health. In May 2015, the College of Law was moved to its new building at 89 Park Place after the land was donated to the university.

2016–present
The newest incarnation of the university's strategic plan gives an outline of the university's growth from 2011 until 2016 and a brief overview that will be amended for up to 2021. In 2016, an extension to the Petit Science Center was completed. Plans exist for the building of graduate student housing behind the center.

On May 31, 2012, the athletics department released a new facilities master plan. The plan includes upgrades and renovations to the GSU Sports Arena including new outdoor sand volleyball courts (which have since been completed) as well as plans to build new baseball, softball, and soccer stadiums. These would replace the current stadiums in Panthersville. In May 2014, the university announced its intentions to pursue the  Turner Field site once the Atlanta Braves Major League Baseball club moves into Truist Park in 2017. The university intends to retrofit Turner Field into a 30,000-seat open-air football stadium and build a new baseball field on the site of the former Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, incorporating the wall where Hank Aaron hit his record-breaking 715th home run. Additional retail and student housing development is also planned for the parking areas surrounding Turner Field.

On December 21, 2015, the Atlanta Fulton County Recreation Authority announced that Georgia State's bid to redevelop Turner Field had been accepted. On August 18, 2016, Georgia State and the Atlanta-Fulton County Recreation Authority reached a tentative purchase agreement for Turner Field, and the purchase and redevelopment plan was approved by the Board of Regents on November 9, 2016. On January 5, 2017, Georgia State's acquisition of Turner Field, since renamed Georgia State Stadium, was officially closed, with the stadium conversion project beginning in February 2017. Georgia State Stadium hosted its first game on August 31, 2017.

In June 2021, M. Brian Blake became Georgia State University's first African-American and person of color president.

Consolidation with Georgia Perimeter College
On January 5, 2015, news broke that Georgia State and Georgia Perimeter College would merge. Over a year later, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia approved the merger of Georgia State University and Georgia Perimeter College, a 2-year college with five campuses. The board also announced that the president of Georgia State would remain the president of the combined university, which retained the name Georgia State University. The merger created the largest university in the state of Georgia at about 52,000 students. Since Georgia State's consolidation with Georgia Perimeter College in 2016, graduation rates at Perimeter College have almost tripled.

Organization

The President of Georgia State University (currently Dr. M. Brian Blake) is the head administrator and is appointed and overseen by the Georgia Board of Regents.

The university is composed of 11 colleges (although those divisions use "college", "school", or "institute", those titles do not indicate any distinction between them):

Schools and colleges
 Andrew Young School of Policy Studies
 Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions
 College of the Arts
 College of Arts & Sciences
 College of Education and Human Development
 J. Mack Robinson College of Business
 College of Law
 School of Public Health
 Institute for Biomedical Sciences
 Honors College
 Perimeter College†

† Unlike the other colleges that make up the university, students accepted to Perimeter College only have access to the five suburban campuses associated with that college and not the main campus. A Perimeter College student must apply for acceptance to the main downtown campus for access to bachelor's degrees.

Campus

From Georgia State's days as a single-building night school into the university it is today, Georgia State has built itself into the heart of urban Downtown Atlanta. Whereas the school's nickname—dating from the early 1960s—of "the Concrete Campus" was once a source of mild embarrassment, the name has been embraced by the university community. The university embraced the slogan, "a part of the city, not apart from the city" as its growth into Downtown Atlanta increased. This has led to the widening of sidewalks around the campus, and a focus on Decatur Street as becoming the "Main Street" of the campus.

25 Park Place
25 Park Place is a mixed-use classroom and office building that houses several departments at Georgia State University. The building was previously the Trust Company of Georgia Building, and before Georgia State University acquiring the building was the SunTrust Bank Building. The Georgia State University Foundation acquired the building in 2006 for $52 million.

Sparks Hall
Sparks Hall was the first building designed and built specifically for the school. It was designed by the Atlanta architectural firm of Cooper, Barrett, Skinner, Woodbury, and Cooper. Construction took place between 1952 and 1955 and cost about $2 million. The first classes were held in the building on April 21, 1955. On June 8, 1960, the building was named for George McIntosh Sparks, former president of the college. Currently, the building houses Undergraduate Admissions and the Financial Management Center. It also primarily houses classrooms and computer laboratory space.

Housing
After the 1996 Summer Olympics were held in Atlanta, Georgia State acquired its first on-campus dormitories in the 2,000-bed Olympic Village housing complex located at the southeast corner of Centennial Olympic Park Drive (formerly Techwood Drive) and North Avenue that was used to board Olympic athletes during the Games. The Village was later sold to the Georgia Institute of Technology and renamed the North Avenue Apartments.

University Lofts
In August 2002, the 450-bed University Lofts opened at the corner of Edgewood Avenue and Courtland Street on the northeast side of campus as housing for undergraduate students and student-athletes, as well as students with families and graduate students. In 2008, the Lofts were converted into multiperson dormitories as well as apartment-style dorms, raising the bed counts to its current number of 550 residents in 231 apartments.

University Commons
On August 10, 2007, Georgia State opened the University Commons, a US$165 million complex housing 1,992 students, occupying a city block bounded by Ellis Street, Piedmont Avenue, John Wesley Dobbs Avenue and Jesse Hill Jr. Drive. A GSU economics professor estimated the new dorm could have an economic impact of $10–12 million on downtown Atlanta. The university plans to ultimately accommodate 20% of its enrollment in housing near the downtown campus. With the planned opening of University Commons, it was announced on March 7, 2007, that the Georgia Institute of Technology was acquiring the Olympic Village housing, which is located across North Avenue from the institute. In 2011, the Commons were voted "best overall dorms in the country" by DormSplash.com. This was followed in 2012 by The Fiscal Times rating the Commons as some of the most luxurious dormitories in the country, rated third most "insanely luxurious."

Patton Hall

In the fall of 2009, Georgia State opened a 325-bed residence hall exclusively for freshman students, originally named Freshman Hall. Renamed Patton Hall in 2013 after former Georgia State President Carl Patton, the dorms are located on the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Edgewood Avenue, approximately 0.2 miles from the heart of GSU's campus. The facility includes a 24/4.5 dining hall offering breakfast, lunch, and dinner in a buffet style. The dining hall is open to all Georgia State students, and all residents of Patton Hall are required to have meal plans for the dining hall.

Greek housing
For the 2010 academic year, Georgia State opened its Greek Housing facility, located adjacent to Patton Hall on Edgewood Avenue. Each townhome in the complex features a chapter room, kitchen, and bedrooms ranging from 9–19 beds.

Piedmont North
Most recently, Georgia State acquired two hotels in downtown Atlanta, the Wyndham Garden Hotel and Baymont Inn and Suites on Piedmont Avenue. The hotels and grounds have been renovated and changed into dorms, Piedmont North Buildings A and B, contributing to the university's transformation into a more traditional campus. The complex now includes living and study space for approximately 1,100 students, as well as green space, recreational areas, and a brand new  dining hall, the Piedmont North Dining Hall.

Piedmont Central
On May 14, 2014, the ground was broken on a new, 1,152-bed residence hall named Piedmont Central. The hall received its first residents in fall semester of 2016. The facility includes a 15,000-square-foot dining facility, conference rooms, communal kitchens, study rooms, and laundry facilities.

Campus security
The department is composed of more than 160 state-sworn police officers, 60 full-time security guards, 10 part-time security guards, 16 communications dispatchers and eight staff members, making it the largest campus law enforcement agency in Georgia.

Perimeter College
Perimeter College consists of five different campuses around the Metro Atlanta region. Campuses in Alpharetta, Clarkston, Decatur, Dunwoody, and Newton County each offer different amenities. The Alpharetta campus consists of two buildings, with students enrolled at that campus having free access to a nearby private gym, as well as access to the other Perimeter campus amenities. The Clarkston campus is a full campus with athletic facilities, (tennis courts, soccer field, gym) and 14 buildings. The Decatur campus includes greenhouses, tennis courts, as well as six academic buildings including a Student Success Center. The Dunwoody campus includes a gym, weight room, soccer field, tennis courts, an observatory, a gazebo, and eight academic buildings. The Newton campus consists of a baseball field, a softball field, a health and recreation center, and two academic buildings.

Student life

Student media
Georgia State University Student Media is divided into five organizations:
Album 88, a full-power radio station with nighttime hours on WRAS 88.5 FM and 24/7 broadcast online and on HD radio
Neo Network (NeoN), a student-run media network that publishes original, on-demand video content
New South, a national literary journal edited by graduate students
The Signal, an award-winning daily website/weekly student newspaper
 Underground, undergraduate arts and literature journal
Student Media also publishes DMGATL, a mobile app for both Android and iOS that provides access to GSU student media.

Additional student-produced media outside of this division include:
Creative License, an annual student-edited literature and arts publication from Perimeter College: The magazine is funded by Perimeter College's Student Activity Fee and edited under the advisement of the college's English faculty.

Diversity

Georgia State University has achieved the most ethnically diverse campus in Georgia and one of the most ethnically diverse in the nation. Since the early 2010s, Georgia State has been the nation's leading non-profit institution to annually produce the most African Americans with bachelor's degrees.

Student facilities

Student Recreation Center
The on-campus Recreation Center features racquetball courts, a squash court, a 7,000-square-foot free-weight area, an aquatic center, a 35-foot climbing wall, game rooms, exercise rooms, aerobics, dance, and martial arts studios, and a gymnasium containing four basketball/volleyball courts. The top level includes a running track and omni gym. The aquatic center features a 9-lane lap pool, a "leisure pool" with vortex, a spa, and a sauna. The omni gym is outfitted to allow for different sports, including badminton, basketball, fencing, arena flag football, indoor soccer, and volleyball.

Indian Creek Lodge
Land in Indian Creek was purchased by the university in 1938, and in 1974 operation of the swimming pool in the facility was taken over by Recreation Services. Tennis courts, Indian Creek Lodge, and the rest of the 15.5 acres were taken over by Recreation Services in 1991.

Panthersville
The university's outdoor intramural fields are currently located in Panthersville, a suburb of Atlanta. These facilities include two large lighted fields, a sundeck, restrooms, and parking. New land has been purchased by the university east of the University Commons to make room for new intramural fields.

Cinefest
Georgia State University operates Cinefest Film Theater, a student-run movie theater in the school's University Center. Cinefest exhibits a wide array of motion pictures including international cinema, art house films, revival house movies, and second-run Hollywood fare. Cinefest also has had numerous classic 35-mm film festivals including the Film Fatale Film Festival, and the Summer Camp Nightmare Festival. These festivals often feature rare prints that cannot be seen anywhere else. It has played host to various special events including screening films for The Atlanta Underground Film Festival, the Atlanta Asian Film Festival, the Atlanta Philosophy Film Festival, and DragonCon. The theatre has 135 seats and is free to all Georgia State students, or $3 before 5 pm and $5 after 5 pm. The theatre was first named Cinefest in 1991, but was known as the Lyceum Film Series.

Panther Dining
Three dining halls are at Georgia State, one in Patton Hall, one in Piedmont Central, and another in Piedmont North dorms. In addition to these, food courts are in the University Center and in the Student Center.

Campus transportation

Panther Express

The university provides shuttles circulating campus following four different routes. The blue route circulates from the parking lots of Turner Field to the heart of campus with stops at Langdale Hall and Sparks Hall, and is active on weekdays from 7:00 am to 2:00 am. The red route circulates between the main campus and the Aderhold Learning Center with stops at the Arts and Humanities buildinnd at the Rialto Center/Aderhold. It is active on weekdays from 7:00 am to 2:00 am. The green route is active from 7:00 am to 2:00 am on weekdays with stops at the Student Center, the University Commons, and Piedmont North. The purple route is active on weekends from 5:00 pm to 12:00 am with stops at the Arts and Humanities building, the Student Center, the University Commons, Piedmont North, and the Rialto Center/Aderhold.

MARTA
Atlanta's mass transit system, MARTA, provides Georgia State students with access to the system at a reduced rate when bought through the university. Georgia State is served by three MARTA rail stations; the Georgia State Station next to the Petit Science Center on the Blue and Green lines, Five Points Station on the Red, Gold, Blue, and Green lines with accommodations for both the Aderhold Learning Center and main campus, and the Peachtree Center Station on the Red and Gold lines, giving access to the Aderhold Learning Center, the University Commons, and the Piedmont North dormitories.

Streetcar
In December 2014, streetcars returned to Atlanta for the first time in 60 years. The Atlanta Streetcar's current route transverses the campus along Edgewood and Auburn Avenues. It connects the main campus to the Aderhold building and Rialto Center for the Arts in Fairlie-Poplar, as well as the Sweet Auburn Curb Market, the Sweet Auburn Historic District, and popular dining and nightlife establishments along Edgewood Avenue.

Parking
The university has numerous parking locations, with restrictions in some to faculty and staff. Parking attendants are only on duty from 6:30 am to 10 pm on weekdays, after which parking permits must be used. Some dormitories have built-in parking such as Piedmont North and the University Commons, but parking in these dorms is restricted to students living in them. The University Lofts allow access to permit holders who are primarily residents of the Lofts, the Greek Housing, and Patton Hall. It also allows access to some nonresident holders, faculty, and staff. The G Deck is reserved for use by Georgia State faculty and staff, although on days in which the Sports Arena is in use, it becomes visitor parking for that game or event. The K and T Decks are available for students using cash or a budget card with a valid student parking permit. The N and S decks are for general parking, while the M Deck is reserved for students with a lottery-won permit.

Georgia State students are allowed access to the Georgia State Stadium parking lots just south of campus at the former site of Turner Field, although access to those lots is limited to weekdays between 7:00 am and 11:00 pm. During the Atlanta Braves' tenure at Turner Field, those times were further limited on home game days. With the conversion of the Turner Field site from a professional baseball venue to GSU's football venue, it is expected that parking restrictions beyond the regular hours will be limited to days of Panthers home games. Due to its distance from the university, shuttle services run from the parking to the main campus.

Greek life
Georgia State University is home to 31 fraternities and sororities: seven of the North American Interfraternity Conference (IFC), five of the National Panhellenic Conference (NPC), seven of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), and 12 multicultural organizations operating as the Multicultural Greek Council (MGC). Georgia State added traditional Greek housing in 2010 to house five sororities and four fraternities.

Arts

Rialto Center

Georgia State University makes notable contributions to the cultural vitality of the downtown Atlanta community. A prominent cultural stage is the Rialto Center for the Arts, an 833-seat performing arts venue located in the heart of the Fairlie-Poplar district in downtown Atlanta. The venue is home to the Rialto Series, presenting the best of national and international jazz, world music, and dance; School of Music performances; the Atlanta Film Festival, and many others. The School of Music holds concerts featuring faculty, students, and guest performers in the Kopleff Recital Hall throughout the year. In addition, the Art Galleries, based in the Ernest G. Welch School of Art and Design, feature special exhibitions, student and faculty works, and visiting artist collections.

DAEL
The Digital Arts and Entertainment Laboratory (DAEL), housed in the Department of Communication, offers equipment and facilities for digital media research and production. The DAEL also holds a media festival featuring different productions and media produced by students.

Digital Aquarium
Georgia State hosts a multimedia lab allowing students access to multimedia-editing workstations, professional software, technology training workshops, and equipment that can be checked out. The facility also hosts a pro-level recording studio featuring full soundproofing, a dual-screened Mac Pro, a keyboard, and two microphones, although the area is set up to allow for students to bring r own equipment.

Research and innovation
GSU is one of four research universities in the University System of Georgia.  In 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked GSU the No. 2 most innovative university in the nation.  Georgia State University's research and development expenditures of over $200 million for the 2018 fiscal year ranked first in the nation among universities without an engineering or medical school.In 2013, Georgia State University was one of six universities in the nation and the only in Georgia to be named a "Next Generation University" by New America for its proven commitment to expanding enrollment, focus on the neediest of students, and the success of its ethnically diverse student body.

Libraries

Georgia State houses three university libraries. Additionally, many academic departments provide libraries for their students. The University Library (formerly known as the William Russell Pullen Library), housed in Library North and Library South, contains more than 1.4 million volumes, including 8,000 active serials and nearly 22,000 media materials. The library provides access to numerous electronic periodical and resource indexes (many with full text), more than 14,000 electronic journals, and about 30,000 electronic books. It is also a Federal Document Depository and holds more than 820,000 government documents with electronic access to many additional titles. From December 2015 through February 2016, the University Library received significant media attention for several armed robberies and other crimes against GSU students within the facility.

SURAgrid
On August 31, 2006, Georgia State announced that it would be participating in a supercomputing grid with the installation of an IBM P575 Supercomputer in its Network Operations Center. Through an initiative known as SURAGrid, eventually, 24 universities in 15 states throughout the Southeast United States will form the research backbone and at its peak, the network will be able to perform over 10 trillion calculations per second. University of Georgia and Kennesaw State University are also part of the SURAGrid.

Physics and astronomy
Physics at Georgia State is split between physics and astronomy. Areas of research range from atomic physics, biophysics, condensed matter physics, neurophysics, nuclear physics, and physics education and innovative instruction. The astronomy program uses many observatories, including the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona and the Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System (or SMARTS) in Chile, and the CHARA array on Mount Wilson Observatory in Los Angeles County, California, Hard Labor Creek Observatory in Rutledge, Georgia, and the Urban Life Observatory, all of which are operated by Georgia State. Astronomy is now also a partner in the Apache Point Observatory 3.5-m telescope.

Biology
Biological research at Georgia State is divided into four categories; applied and environmental microbiology (AEM), cellular molecular biology and physiology (CMBP), molecular genetics and biochemistry, and neurobiology and behavior. The AEM program concentrates on the environmental, industrial, and medical aspects of microbiology, including bioremediation, toxicology, genetics, cellular responses, and natural product biosynthesis. Cellular and molecular biology and physiology focuses on the function and regulation of eukaryotic cells and organisms, doing research including signal transduction, cancer immunology, virology, immunology, and diabetes research. The MGB program ranges from lower eukaryotic programmed cell death to viral RNA replication. The neurobiology and behavior program is involved in research focusing on topics such as neurobiology, behavior, hormonal action, developmental neurobiology, and vertebrate sexual plasticity, to name a few.

Georgia State is currently the only university in the United States operating a BSL-4 lab (the highest bio-safety level) at level 4 conditions. These labs are currently used to investigate herpes B virus, hantavirus, and ebola.

Research centers
The College of Arts and Science is home to several centers, inst,itutes and areas of focus, under which the departments of chemistry, biology, psychology, and other college-wide departments can collaborate on interdisciplinary subjects.

The Language Research Center specializes in language research, with bonobos and chimpanzees. Kanzi, a male bonobo raised at the center, has become famous after learning to communicate via lexigram with his researchers.
The Center for Neuromics promotes the study of the nervous system using informatics and computational approaches.
The Neuroscience Institute comprises neuroscience faculty in all departments across the College of Arts and Sciences.
The Center for Research on Atypical Development and Learning was founded in 1998 to stimulate basic and applied research spanning developmental, clinical, and education psychology, neuropsychology, special education, and speech-language pathology.

Likewise, several university-level institutes exist, allowing collaboration between departments throughout the university as a whole.

The Center for Behavioral Neuroscience is composed of more than 60 researchers from seven other Atlanta institutions, including Emory University and Georgia Tech. The institute was originally established in 1998 by a grant from the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation and expanded in November 1999 to become one of the National Science Foundation's Science and Technology Centers.
The Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics is housed in the Petit Science Center; the center's goals include developing highly sought-after biomarker-guided therapies and imaging agents and translating that research into clinically useful diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
Center for Nano-Optics
The Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy at Georgia State University hosts one of the world's most powerful optical stellar interferometers, the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, atop Mt. Wilson, California; in 2007, this telescope array became the firually obtain an image the surface of another sunlike star. The array is composed of multiple telescopes, each containing a light-collecting mirror 1 m in diameter. The combination of these telescopes works as a single unit, allowing for ultra-high-resolution imaging.
The Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases focuses on how brain inflammation may contribuseveralber of serious health conditions.
The Center for Advancing Brain Imaging is a joint venture between Georgia State University and Georgia Tech providing state-of-the-art neuroimaging facilities for studying brain-behaviour relations in children and adults.
The Center for Studies on Africa and its Diaspora is a multidisciplinary hub that supports research and academic initiatives, artistic efforts, and public programming, including exhibits, lectures, and conferences, and advance policy proposals that target issues of concern to the African diaspora across the university and the broader community
The Atlanta Global Studies Center is a partnership with Georgia Tech that seeks to enhance access to advanced language learning and help deepen knowledge of global and intercultural issues for students, faculty, and the public.
Georgia State and the LGBTQ Institute of the National Center for Civil and Human Rights established a partnership focusing on critical issues facing LGBT communities in the South.

The Institute for Biomedical Sciences operates as own college within the university.

The College of Arts and Sciences also maintains several areas of focus for cross-disciplinary study:

Molecular Basis of Disease is a program in computational biomedicine stretching over six departments and supports undergraduate and graduate research.
Brains and Behavior promotes research broadly related to the neurosciences, sponsoring student fellowships and seeding grants for research.
Biosensors and Diagnostics
Biomolecular Structure and Interactions
New Therapeutic Agents and Approaches
TReNDS Center – The Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) is a tri-institutional effort supported by Georgia State, the Georgia Institute of Tech,nology and Emory University that is focused on making better use of complex brain imaging data through improved analto identifyifying biomarkers that can help address brain health and disease.

Athletics and traditions

Sports
The 16 Georgia State varsity athletic teams compete in the NCAA's Division I FBS as members of the Sun Belt Conference of Georgia State's beach volleyball team, which competes in Conference USA. The university has won conference championships in basketball (men's and women's), baseball, golf (men's and women's), softball, soccer (men's and women's), women's tennis, and beach volleyball. The beach volleyball team has been ranked among the top ten programs in the country every year since its inception in 2013.

Georgia State began competition in all sports in the Sun Belt Conference in 2013, although it had already played all individual sports in the Sun Belt during the 2012–13 season. This marked a return to the conference that Georgia State had helped found in 1976. Before returning to the Sun Belt Conference, GSU played in the CAA from 2005 to 2013, participating for only one season (2012) as a football school. Before joining the CAA, the Panthers competed in the (then Trans America Athletic Conference, or TAAC) Atlantic Sun Conference, joining in 1983 and leaving for the CAA in 2005.

Georgia State University charges a fee to each student who enrolls at the school.  This fee is used for athletic scholarships and other costs associated with competitive athletics. The athletic fee allows students to use their Panther Card (student identification card) for free access to athletic events.

The Panthers' most historic rivalry is with the Georgia Southern Eagles with basketball being played between the two since 1972. However, rivalries have grown since, including with South Alabama with the two programs starting football within a year of one another and playing each other and having played one another every season since Georgia States football's inception except one.

Georgia State University's first-ever national championship win was in esports in 2019. The university's SMITE: Battleground of the Gods team played against Arizona State University at Dreamhack Atlanta and won with a final score of 2 - 0. The team has since won two additional championships, and participated in a third, becoming the winningest sport in the school's history.

The university also boasts several nonvarsity sports, including badminton, rowing, rugby, and wrestling

1996 Summer Olympic Games

Georgia State University was used during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games, with the GSU Sports Arena hosting the badminton matches. Georgia State's prominent position in downtown Atlanta allowed the city to build some of its venues with adaptive reuse in mind to be used by the university. The first on-campus dormitories at the university, the Village, was constructed as part of the Olympic Village to house athletes. This began the metamorphosis of GSU from a commuter college to a massive urban research institute, as well as one of the largest universities in the United States. Centennial Olympic Stadium, host of the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympics, was after the games converted to Turner Field, home of MLB's Atlanta Braves. After the Braves moved to SunTrust Park in suburban Cobb County, Turner Field and the surrounding grounds were purchased by Georgia State in January 2017. The university converted the stadium to a football field for the school's football team, now called Center Parc Stadium (named Georgia State Stadium until 2020), and is building a new campus baseball stadium on the site of the former Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, and new classrooms and housing on the lot.

Marching band
In 2010, Georgia State University established its first-ever marching band. The marching band began its inaugural season in the fall of 2010. 150 students successfully auditioned for the band. In its first year, the band performed at all home football games, a high school marching band exhibition, and (most notably) during the Georgia State vs. Alabama football game on November 18, 2010, in Tuscaloosa. The band is a drum corps-style unit that focuses on precision musicality and movement. Like most ensembles, the band features a colorguard section, but in a departure from typical marching bands, the traditional auxiliary front sideline percussion section, or pit, has been replaced by a four-piece rock band consisting of a lead guitar, bass guitar, drum set, and keyboard synthesizer.

The Georgia State marching band has received many honors, includecludes performing in 2013 for the Second inauguration of Barack Obama, the 2014 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, the 2019 Super Bowl LIII halftime show, and the 2022 Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California.

Coat of arms
The school's coat of arms is registered in the College of Arms in the City of London. The Latin motto means, "Truth is strong and will conquer" (or alternatively, "Truth is valuable and shall overcome"). The panther holds the symbol of education, with the quill in red to symbolize the fire in Atlanta's city emblem. The gold coin indicates the university's beginnings as a business school. The crown august is a representation of the Stone Mountain granite. The center flame is an eternal flame in honor of the first president, George Sparks, and represents flames of scholarship and the burning of Atlanta.

Alumni and faculty

Since its opening, Georgia State has graduated more than 227,000 alumni. Currently, an estimated 100,000 alumni live in the metro Atlanta area.

See also

Cambridge University Press v. Patton, a copyright infringement case in which GSU is a defendant
NOC at Georgia State University
List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Atlanta

Further reading
 Reed, Merl E. Educating the Urban New South: Atlanta and the Rise of Georgia State University, 1913–1969 (Macon: Mercer University Press, 2009. xiv, 321 pp.)

Notes

References

External links

 Georgia State Athletics website

Universities and colleges established in 1913
Public universities and colleges in Georgia (U.S. state)
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Universities and colleges in Atlanta
1913 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia State University


Nogometni klub Sloga Koraće (NK Sloga; Sloga; Sloga Koraće) je bio nogometni klub iz Koraća, općina Bosanski Brod, Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina.

O klubu
Nogomet se u Koraću počeo igrati 1948. godine, te je nastala potreba za organiziranjem nogometnog kluba i izgradnje odgovarajućeg igrališta. Klub je osnovan 1956. godine u sklopu Fiskulturnog društva "Sloga", te se poslije osamostaljuje u Nogometni klub "Sloga".
1956. godine je registriran u derventskom podsavezu, te se pretežno natjecao protiv klubova s bosansko brodskog i derventskog područja u tadašnjim općinskim i međuopćinskim ligama.
Zbog rata u BiH, okupacije i protjerivanja hrvatskog stanovništva iz Koraća klub se početkom 1990.-ih godina gasi.

Uspjesi
 Općinska liga Bosanski Brod
 prvak: 1983./84.

 Općinski kup Bosanskog Broda
 pobjednik: 1985.

Pregled plasmana

Poznati igrači

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Koraće

Vanjske poveznice
 nk-sloga-korace.awardspace.com
 NK Sloga Koraće, facebook stranica

Izvori
 nk-sloga-korace.awardspace.com, POVIJESNI PODACI - O prošlosti NK "Sloga" Koraće , objavljeno 12. kolovoza 2018., pristupljeno 24. prosinca 2018.
 nk-sloga-korace.awardspace.com, SLIKE -   iz arhive NK "Sloga" Koraće , pristupljeno 24. prosinca 2018.
 novo-selo.blogspot.com, Ukratko, o 4. novoseljanskom nogometnom turniru!, objavljeno 25. srpnja 2010., pristupljeno 24. prosinca 2018.
 novo-selo.blogspot.com, STANJE NOGOMETNIH IGRALIŠTA U NAŠOJ OKOLINI!, objavljeno 19. srpnja 2014., pristupljeno 24. prosinca 2018.

Sloga
Sloga
Sloga

NK Sloga Koraće


In mathematics, Helmut Hasse's local–global principle, also known as the Hasse principle, is the idea that one can find an integer solution to an equation by using the Chinese remainder theorem to piece together solutions modulo powers of each different prime number. This is handled by examining the equation in the completions of the rational numbers: the real numbers and the p-adic numbers. A more formal version of the Hasse principle states that certain types of equations have a rational solution if and only if they have a solution in the real numbers and in the p-adic numbers for each prime p.

Intuition
Given a polynomial equation with rational coefficients, if it has a rational solution, then this also yields a real solution and a p-adic solution, as the rationals embed in the reals and p-adics: a global solution yields local solutions at each prime. The Hasse principle asks when the reverse can be done, or rather, asks what the obstruction is: when can you patch together solutions over the reals and p-adics to yield a solution over the rationals: when can local solutions be joined to form a global solution?

One can ask this for other rings or fields: integers, for instance, or number fields. For number fields, rather than reals and p-adics, one uses complex embeddings and -adics, for prime ideals .

Forms representing 0

Quadratic forms
The Hasse–Minkowski theorem states that the local–global principle holds for the problem of representing 0 by quadratic forms over the rational numbers (which is Minkowski's result); and more generally over any number field (as proved by Hasse), when one uses all the appropriate local field necessary conditions. Hasse's theorem on cyclic extensions states that the local–global principle applies to the condition of being a relative norm for a cyclic extension of number fields.

Cubic forms
A counterexample by Ernst S. Selmer shows that the Hasse–Minkowski theorem cannot be extended to forms of degree 3: The cubic equation 3x3 + 4y3 + 5z3 = 0 has a solution in real numbers, and in all p-adic fields, but it has no nontrivial solution in which x, y, and z are all rational numbers.

Roger Heath-Brown showed that every cubic form over the integers in at least 14 variables represents 0, improving on earlier results of Davenport. Since every cubic form over the p-adic numbers with at least ten variables represents 0, the local–global principle holds trivially for cubic forms over the rationals in at least 14 variables.

Restricting to non-singular forms, one can do better than this: Heath-Brown proved that every non-singular cubic form over the rational numbers in at least 10 variables represents 0, thus trivially establishing the Hasse principle for this class of forms. It is known that Heath-Brown's result is best possible in the sense that there exist non-singular cubic forms over the rationals in 9 variables that do not represent zero. However, Hooley showed that the Hasse principle holds for the representation of 0 by non-singular cubic forms over the rational numbers in at least nine variables. Davenport, Heath-Brown and Hooley all used the Hardy–Littlewood circle method in their proofs. According to an idea of Manin, the obstructions to the Hasse principle holding for cubic forms can be tied into the theory of the Brauer group; this is the Brauer–Manin obstruction, which accounts completely for the failure of the Hasse principle for some classes of variety.  However, Skorobogatov has shown that the Brauer–Manin obstruction cannot explain all the failures of the Hasse principle.

Forms of higher degree
Counterexamples by Fujiwara and Sudo show that the Hasse–Minkowski theorem is not extensible to forms of degree 10n + 5, where n is a non-negative integer.

On the other hand, Birch's theorem shows that if d is any odd natural number, then there is a number N(d) such that any form of degree d in more than N(d) variables represents 0: the Hasse principle holds trivially.

Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem
The Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem establishes a local–global principle for the splitting of a central simple algebra A over an algebraic number field K.  It states that if A splits over every completion Kv then it is isomorphic to a matrix algebra over K.

Hasse principle for algebraic groups

The Hasse principle for algebraic groups states that if G is a simply-connected algebraic group defined over the global field k then the map from

is injective, where the product is over all places s of k.

The Hasse principle for orthogonal groups is closely related to the Hasse principle for the corresponding quadratic forms.

 and several others verified the Hasse principle by case-by-case proofs for each group. The last case was the group E8 which was only completed by  many years after the other cases.

The Hasse principle for algebraic groups was used in the proofs of the Weil conjecture for Tamagawa numbers and the strong approximation theorem.

See also

 Local analysis
 Grunwald–Wang theorem
 Grothendieck–Katz p-curvature conjecture

Notes

References

External links

 PlanetMath article
 Swinnerton-Dyer, Diophantine Equations: Progress and Problems, online notes
 J. Franklin, Global and local, Mathematical Intelligencer 36 (4) (Dec 2014), 4–9.

Algebraic number theory
Diophantine equations
Localization (mathematics)
Mathematical principles

Hasse principle


Grimsta IP, İsveç'in Bromma şehrinde çok amaçlı olarak inşa edilen bir stadyum.

Stadyumda çoğunlukla futbol müsabakaları yapılmaktadır. İsveç'in IF Brommapojkarna takımının maçlarını yaptığı stadyum, 4.500 seyirci kapasitelidir.

İsveç'teki stadyumlar

Grimsta IP


İsfahan ya da Isfahan şu anlamlara gelebilir:

 İsfahan: İran'da bir şehir;
 İsfahan: İran'da bir il;
 Isfahân: Klasik Türk müziğinde dügâh perdesindeki makamlardan biri.

Isfahan


Zarah's Paradise (deutscher Titel: Zarah's Paradise – Die Grüne Revolution im Iran und die Suche einer Mutter nach ihrem Sohn) ist ein vom iranisch-amerikanischen Menschenrechtsaktivisten, Journalisten, Dokumentarfilmer und Schriftsteller Amir und dem arabischen Künstler Khalil 2010 zunächst gratis im Internet veröffentlichter Webcomic, der 2011 in Deutschland und verschiedenen anderen Ländern als Buch erschienen ist.

Über Amir und Khalil
Amir arbeitete in den USA, Kanada, Europa und Afghanistan. Seine Artikel und Essays haben in der Presse weltweit Verbreitung gefunden. Das künstlerische Schaffen von Khalil genießt hohes Ansehen. Er fertigt Skulpturen und Keramik und begann schon früh eigene Cartoons zu zeichnen. Zahra's Paradise ist seine erste Graphic Novel. Die Namen der Autoren sind Pseudonyme; sie wollen anonym bleiben – aus naheliegenden politischen Gründen.

Publikationsgeschichte
Der Webcomic wurde in Englisch, Persisch, Arabisch, Französisch, Spanisch, Italienisch, Niederländisch, Koreanisch, Hebräisch, Portugiesisch und Deutsch online veröffentlicht. Im September 2011 erschien die gedruckte Fassung des Webcomics in verschiedenen Ländern gleichzeitig, darunter in den USA und Deutschland.

Handlung
2009 wurde der konservative Politiker Mahmud Ahmadinedschad nach 2005 erneut zum iranischen Präsidenten gewählt, was von zahlreichen Manipulationsvorwürfen begleitet war. Es kam zu massiven Protesten seitens der Bevölkerung, die trotz gewaltsamer Niederschlagung selbst friedlicher Demonstrationen, vor allem gegen Ende 2009, weiter zunahmen. Die konfrontative Außenpolitik und repressive Innenpolitik Ahmadinedschads führten den Iran seit 2005 zu einer fast vollständigen internationalen Isolation. Zahra's Paradise spielt in der Zeit nach den Wahlen in Iran 2009 und erzählt die fiktive Geschichte der Suche nach Mehdi, einem der Teilnehmer an den Demonstrationen gegen das Wahlergebnis, der in iranischen Straflagern verschwand. Was die Erinnerung an Mehdi wachhält, sind die Beharrlichkeit und der Mut seines Bruders sowie seiner Mutter, die sich weigert, ihren Sohn dem Schicksal zu überlassen. Zahra's Paradise basiert auf den Erlebnissen realer Menschen und wahrer Ereignisse.

Kritik
Von der deutschsprachigen Presse wurde Zarah's Paradise vielfach sehr positiv besprochen. Für die FAZ ist Zarah's Paradise ein "Erklärstück von etwas schwer Begreiflichem: der iranischen Gesellschaft und ihres politischen Machtsystems." Spiegel Online konstatierte: "Historische Ereignisse, die zu Bildromanen verarbeitet werden, haben in den vergangenen Jahren Furore gemacht. Persepolis, in dem die Exil-Iranerin Marjane Satrapi von ihrer Kindheit während der iranischen Revolution berichtet, und Maus, in dem Art Spiegelman die Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich thematisiert: Der Mix aus Geschichte und Comic ist ein Erfolgsrezept. Was Zarah's Paradise besonders macht, ist die fehlende zeitliche Distanz zu den beschriebenen Ereignissen, denn die Geschichte Mehdis, die die Geschichte vieler Iraner ist, ist noch lange nicht vorbei. Sie geht weiter, während sie in Echtzeit in ein Comic umgesetzt wird."

Zarah's Paradise in Deutschland
Amir und Khalil waren im September 2011 Gäste der Programmsparte Internationale Kinder- und Jugendliteratur des 11. Internationalen Literaturfestivals Berlin. Aus politischen Gründen konnten die beiden nicht nach Berlin reisen, sondern präsentierten ihren Webcomic via Skype auf der Großen Bühne im Haus der Berliner Festspiele vor rund 600 Schülerinnen und Schülern. Trotz der enormen Gefahr, erkannt zu werden, diskutierten Amir und Khalil im Rahmen der Veranstaltung von Angesicht zu Angesicht mit den Zuschauern über die politische Situation im Iran und wie ihr Webcomic auf diese Zustände aufmerksam macht. Die Veranstaltung war weltweit die erste, bei der Amir und Khalil ohne Anonymisierung mit einem öffentlichen Publikum sprachen. Der Buchmarkt beschrieb die Veranstaltung wie folgt: "Amir und Khalil, die heute in Kalifornien leben und unter Pseudonym schreiben, konnten nicht selbst nach Berlin reisen, da sie aus politischen Gründen anonym bleiben müssen. Ein bewegender Moment war dann die Lifeschaltung zu Amir und Khalil, die nachts um drei vor dem PC saßen, um die Fragen der deutschen Schüler zu beantworten. Ein Erlebnis für alle Beteiligten." Aufgrund der positiven Resonanz der Veranstaltung entschlossen sich Amir und Khalil im Herbst 2011, weitere Veranstaltungen unter Preisgabe ihrer Identität zu machen.

Einzelnachweise

Webcomic

Zarah’s Paradise


«Il Mondo» es una canción con letra de Gianni Boncompagni y música de italiano Jimmy Fontana y Carlos Pes, en el año 1965 y estrenada por él mismo en ese año. La canción tiene versiones en español («El mundo») y en catalán («El món»). Posteriormente el cantante Engelbert Humperdinck crea una versión en inglés («My World»).

La canción «Il Mondo», y sus distintas versiones, ha sido interpretada por diversos intérpretes, entre los que destacan: José José, Javier Solís, Daniel Riolobos, Engelbert Humperdinck, Emilio Solo, Adriángela, Francisco, Jozz River, Seguridad Social, Los Mustang, Dyango, Monna Bell, Appassionante, Il Volo, Sergio Dalma, Sergio Endrigo, Efecto Mariposa, Claudio Baglioni, Alfio, Patrizio Buanne, Hernan Bertapelle, Pimpinela,Vega

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Youtuube: Jimmy Fontana - Il Mondo (italiano)
 Youtuube: Jimmy Fontana - Il Mondo (catalán)
 Youtube: Sergio Dalma - El mundo (español)
 Youtube Engelbert Humperdinck - My World (Il Mondo) (inglés)
 Youtube: Il VOlo - Il Mondo
 Youtube: Il Volo- Version Español

Canciones de Italia
Canciones de 1965
EP de 1965

Il Mondo


An Carex streptorrhampha in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ernest Nelmes. An Carex streptorrhampha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex streptorrhampha


Die Route nationale 611, kurz N 611 oder RN 611, war eine französische Nationalstraße, die von 1933 bis 1973 zwischen Homps und einer Straßenkreuzung mit der ehemaligen Nationalstraße 117 nordöstlich von Latour-de-France verlief. Ihre Länge betrug 79 Kilometer.

N 611a

Die Route nationale 611A, kurz N 611A oder RN 611A, war von 1933 bis 1973 eine französische Nationalstraße und zugleich ein Seitenast der N 611, die westlich von Sigean abzweigte und zu einer Straßenkreuzung mit der ehemaligen Nationalstraße 9 nördlich von Sigean verlief. Die Länge betrug 10 Kilometer. Der Abschnitt zwischen der N9 und der Kreuzung mit der D3 (Ex-Gc3) war vor der Aufstufung 1933 ein Teil der Gc105; der restliche Abschnitt war ein Teilabschnitt der Gc3.

Weblinks

 Route nationale française 611 auf WikiSara ()
 Route nationale française 611A auf WikiSara (französisch)

611

Route nationale 611


Kartalkaya Barajı, Kahramanmaraş'ta, Aksu Nehri üzerinde, sulama, içme-kullanma ve sanayi suyu temini amacı ile 1965 - 1972 yılları arasında inşa edilmiş bir barajdır.

Kaya gövde dolgu tipi olan barajın gövde hacmi 2.323.000 m³, akarsu yatağından yüksekliği 56,00 m, normal su kotunda göl hacmi 195,00 hm³, normal su kotunda göl alanı 11,25 km²'dir. 22.810 hektarlık bir alana sulama hizmeti vermekte, yılda 45 hm³ içme-kullanma suyu sağlamaktadır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye'deki barajlar listesi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Kahramanmaraş ilindeki barajlar

Kartalkaya Barajı


Chelsea Manning (n. Bradley Edward Manning; ) este un ostaș al armatei americane care a fost pus sub acuzație de curtea marțială în iulie 2013 după ce acesta a dezvăluit pe Wikileaks aproape trei sferturi de milion de documente clasificate și neclasificate militare și diplomatice.

Documentele dezvăluite
Acestea conțineau, printre altele, peste 400,000 de rapoarte ale armatei despre Războiul din Iraq si in jur de 90,000 rapoarte din Războiul din Afganistan și două filmări, una de la atacul aerian de pe 12 iulie 2007 din Baghdad și a doua de la atacul aerian din Granai.

Note

Legături externe

 Federal Election Commission (FEC) Form 2 Statement of Candidacy filed 11 ianuarie 2018 by Chelsea Elizabeth Manning
 Federal Election Commission (FEC) Maryland – Senate Candidate Financial Totals including Chelsea Elizabeth Manning
 Chelsea Manning for U.S. Senate campaign website

Nașteri în 1987
Nașteri pe 17 decembrie
Militari americani
Americani cunoscuți sub pseudonimele folosite

Chelsea Manning


Gündüzlü, Samsun ilinin Yakakent ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Gündüzlü adı: Moğolların Kösedağ Savaşı'ndan sonra (1243) Selçukluları yenip ardından 1277'de Anadolu'nun önemli bir kısmına hakim olmaları üzerine, Moğollara karşı Anadolu'yu savunan tek unsur olan Türkmenlerden bir kısmı, Moğol baskılarına dayanamayıp Suriye'ye (Gazze'den Antakya ve Diyarba-kır'a kadar uzanan saha ile Suriye sahillerine) 40.000 çadır nüfusla göç ederek Memlukler'e sığındı. Bu Türkmenler burada da Boz-ok ve Üç-ok teşkilatlarını yaşattılar. Bozoklar'ın başında ise Avşarlar vardı. Onlar, üç obaya ayrılıyordu ve bunlardan biri de (diğerleri Halep'te Kutbeği-Oğulları idaresindeki Afşarlar ve Antep'te Köpek-Oğulları idi) Amik ovasında bulunan Gündüz-Oğulları idi. Gündüzlüler, diğer Türkmen boylarıyla beraber 14 ve 15. asırlarda bölgede Osmanlı-Akkoyunlu-Memluk devletleri arasındaki çekişmelerde ve Dulkadır Beyliği ile Ramazan-Oğulları bünyesinde yoğun olarak faaliyet göstermiştir. Osmanlıların Çukurova'yı istilası sırasında Osmanlı hakimiyetini kabul etmeyen Türkmenler ve Avşarlar yapılan savaşta yenildi. Bundan sonra Gündüzlülerin çoğunluğu liderleri Mansur Bey Afşar idaresinde İran'a gitmiştir. Yerinde kalanlar ise Antakya'dan Konya'ya kadar uzanan sahada yayılmıştır. Antakya'da kalan Gündüzlüler ise daha sonra Anadolu'da faaliyetlerde bulunmuş ve devlet tarafından iskana tabi tutulmuştur. Boz-Ulus, Yeni-İl ve İç-El Türkmenleri arasında da Gündüzlü Avşarı bulunmaktaydı. Onlardan bazı gruplar Batı Anadolu'ya doğru yayılarak burada da yerleşmiştir.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 102 km, Yakakent ilçesine 20 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Yakakent'in mahalleleri

Gündüzlü, Yakakent


ريان غيغز (بالإنجليزية: Ryan Giggs) هو لاعب كرة قدم ويلزي من مواليد 29 نوفمبر 1973، يعده البعض أفضل لاعب جناح في تاريخ كرة القدم، ويعتبر أفضل لاعب أنجبته كرة القدم الويلزية، لعب طوال مسيرته الكروية مع نادي مانشستر يونايتد الإنجليزي.

سيرة اللاعب
إن رغبة ريان غيغز التي لا تفتر في استمرار الفوز بالألقاب، هو ما عزز تاريخه الكروي الناجح والمتألق – حيث يعد أكثر اللاعبين حصولاً على كؤوس في تاريخ النادي، لقد حصل تحديدًا على 20 جائزة رفيعة المستوى.

ساعد غيغز الشياطين الحمر في الفوز بالكأس الأوروبية للمرة الثالثة الرابعة والثانية بالنسبة له كلاعب، وذلك في نهائي موسكو 21 مايو 2008.

إن المفاجأة الوحيدة في فوز ريان غيغز بجائزة أفضل لاعب من قبل الجمعية الإنجليزية للاعبين المحترفين في أبريل 2009 هي أنه قد استغرق تلك المدة الطويلة حتى توج بالجائزة القيمة.

وبعد كل هذا، فقد فاز هذا النجم المخضرم بالكثير من الجوائز الأخرى الكبيرة - بما في ذلك جائزة أفضل لاعب
صاعد من قبل الجمعية الإنجليزية للاعبين المحترفين لعامين في بداية مشواره الكروي مع يونايتيد- هذا بالإضافة إلى كونه أكثر لاعب قد تم تكريمه في تاريخ يونايتيد بالعديد من الألقاب والجوائز.

ولم يقف الأمر عند ذلك، فهو كذلك صاحب أعلى رقم قياسي في مانشستر يونايتيد متخطيًا بذلك الرقم القياسي السابق الذي سجله السير بوبي تشارلتون (758). ومن ناحية أخرى، ساعد غيغز الشياطين الحمر في الفوز بالكأس الأوروبية للمرة الثالثة والثانية بالنسبة له كلاعب.

قد يكون غيغز أكثر لاعبي مانشيستر يونايتيد أناقة، ولكنه ربما لم يكن ليزين أبدًا استاد «أولد ترافورد» ويضفي البهجة عليه لولا تدخل السير أليكس فيرجسون. وقد كان غيغز، المولود في العاصمة كارديف، يأتي إلى مدرسة مانشستر سيتي للمتميزين في الأيام الأولى من صباه، ولكن السير أليكس قام بعمل زيارة شخصية إلى منزله في عيد ميلاده الرابع عشر وانتهز رايان الفرصة ليوقع للنادي الذي قضى فيه أيام الصبا.

ووصل غيغز إلى الاحتراف في مانشستر يونايتد في نوفمبر 1990. حيث أثبت نفسه في أول ظهور له في القسم الأول من بطولة الدوري ضد إيفرتون على ملعب «أولد ترافورد» في الثاني من مارس عام 1990 حيث نزل كبديل لدينس إيرون. وكان بداية اشتراكه في الموسم التالي في بطولة الدوري حادثةً لا تنسى، حيث قام بتسجيل أول هدف له مع مانشيستر يونايتيد (وإن كان ذلك من خلال انحراف (قلش) الكرة من على قدم كولين هندري) في المباراة التي انتهت بفوز مانشيستر على مانشيستر سيتي 1- صفر.
وكانت أولى بطولات غيغز على صعيد الفريق الأول في موسم 1991، وذلك عندما فاز يونايتيد على فريق ريد ستار بلغراد في نهائي كأس السوبر الأوروبي، يذكر أن غيغز قد حل بديلاً للنجم لي مارتن، ثم حصل على ثاني لقب له بعد خمسة أشهر فقط عندما فاز يونايتيد في نهائي كأس رابطة الأندية الإنجليزية على نوتنغهام فورست، إما الموسم التالي، 1992/93، فاز غيغز مع يونايتيد بأول لقب للدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز.

وكان غيغز عاملاً أساسيًا في فوز يونايتيد الثنائي بالدوري في موسم 1993/94 وموسم 1995/96 قبل أن يصل الفريق إلى القمة في موسم 1998/99، وذلك عندما توج الشياطين الحمر بالثلاثية، بإضافة لقب دوري أبطال أوروبا إلى كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي ولقب الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز، وكانت لمساهماته في تلك الثلاثية عظيم الأثر، ومنها الهدف الذي أحرزه بمجهود فردي في الدور قبل النهائي من كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي أمام الآرسنال في فيلا بارك، والذي يعد واحدًا من أفضل أهداف يونايتيد طوال التاريخ.

ويحتوي الرصيد الضخم من الكؤوس التي حصل عليها على بطولة كأس القارات وسبعة ميداليات ذهبية في بطولة الدرع الخيرية Community. بينما لعب دورًا هامًا في الفوز ببطولة كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي أربع مرات، من المرات الخمس التي حققها السير أليكس فيرجسون. وستظل بطولة الكأس الشهيرة مرتبطة إلى الأبد باسم الجناح الأيسر للشياطين الحمر الذي بذل مجهودًا فرديًا منقطع النظير في مباراة الدور قبل النهائي ضد الأرسنال على ملعب «فيلا بارك» في أبريل 1999.

وقد احتفل رايان بمرور عشر سنوات عليه في «أولد ترافورد» من خلال
مباراة ودية ضد سيلتيك في عام 2001/2002. وبعد مرور عام، قام بتحزيم أمتعته لينهي حياته الكروية التي سجل بها 100 هدف وذلك في المباراة التي انتهت بالتعادل 2-2 مع تشيلسي على ملعب «ستامفورد بريدج»، وبهذا يصبح اللاعب الثاني على مدار التاريخ الذي لعب 700 مباراة لمانشستر يونايتيد بعدما ساعد الشياطين الحمر في المباراة الدراماتيكية التي انتهت بفوز الشياطين 1- صفر على ليفربول على ملعب «أنفيلد» في مارس 2007.

وبعد شهرين فقط، توج بلقب الدوري الإنجليزي للمرة التاسعة مع يونايتيد، ليحطم الرقم القياسي لعدد الفوز بالدوري الإنجليزي المسجل باسم أسطورتي ليفربول فيل نيل وألان هانسن الذين فازا باللقب ثماني مرات.لعب اللاعب الويلزي دورًا أساسيًا في الموسمين الذين حصل فيهما مانشيستر يونايتيد على اللقب 2006/2007 و2007/2008 وأشاد به كثيرًا كلٌ من اللاعبين والخبراء على حد سواء.

ولكي يعمل على إطالة فترة تواجده في النادي، فلقد عمل غيغز على اعتزال اللعب الدولي مع المنتخب الويلزي في يونيو 2007 بعد أن شارك في 64 مباراة أحرز خلالها 12 هدفًا، وفي أكتوبر 2007 قام بتجديد تعاقده مع يونايتيد حتى يونيو 2009.

وفي ديسمبر 2007، فقد فاز غيغز بلقبين مهمين – حيث حصل على وسام الإمبراطورية البريطانية نظير مساهماته الكبرى في كرة القدم، كما سجل الهدف رقم 100 في الدوري في فوز الفريق 4-0 على ديربي كاونتي في أولد ترافورد.

لعب اللاعب الويلزي دورًا أساسيًا في الموسمين الذين حصل فيهما مانشيستر يونايتيد على اللقب 2006/2007 و2007/2008 وأشاد به كثيرًا كلٌ من
اللاعبين والخبراء على حد سواء.

وبعد اعتزاله لعب كرة القدم دوليًا في يونيو 2007 برصيد قدره 64 مباراة دولية و12 هدفًا، وتم تكريم غيغز مرةً أخرى، وهذه المرة بحصوله على لقب (ضابط الإمبراطورية البريطانية) حيث كان ضمن قائمة المدعوين لحضور حفل عيد ميلاد الملكة نظرًا لما قدمه من خدمات لكرة القدم. وقد وقع الجناح الأيسر لمانشيستر يونايتيد على تمديد عقده في أكتوبر 2007 ويحق للنادي بمقتضى هذا العقد الاحتفاظ به على الأقل حتى يونيو 2009.

وفي موسم 2007/08، وهو الثامن عشر لغيغز مع يونايتيد، فقد سجل الهدف الثاني في فوز الشياطين الحمر في آخر مباراة بالدوري أمام ويجان، كما أحرز ضربة الجزاء الترجيحية الحاسمة في نهائي دوري أبطال أوروبا توج غيغز، الذي بلغ هدفه المائة خلاله مشواره الكروي في المباراة التي جرت في ديسمبر 2007 وفاز فيها مانشيستر 4-صفر، توج موسمه الثامن عشر مع الشياطين الحمر بإحراز الهدف الثاني لمانشستر في النهائي الذي فاز فيه مانشيستر على ويجان ليؤكد حصوله على اللقب العاشر للدوري الممتاز – والبطولة السابعة عشرة لمانشستر في الدوري الإنجليزي- قبل أن يلعب ضربة الجزاء الحاسمة التي فاز على إثرها نادي مانشيستر بضربات الترجيح الدراماتيكية على تشيلسي في دوري الأبطال الذي أقيم في موسكو.

وتحركوا سريعاً لتفادي اشتراكه مع برشلونة في صفقة بقيمة 18 مليون جنيه إسترليني.

واستمرت مسيرة غيغز مع يونايتيد وهو يسير من نجاح إلى آخر، ففي موسم 2008/09، وعندما انتقل النجم المخضرم
للعب في منتصف الملعب، أو خلف المهاجمين كصانع ألعاب، فقد قام بتمديد تعاقده مع النادي لمدة عام آخر في فبراير 2009، والذي ينتهي في آخر موسم 2009/10، وفي نفس الشهر، فقد أصبح اللاعب الوحيد الذي سجل في جميع المواسم الإنجليزية عندما أحرز الهدف الوحيد في فوز يونايتيد 1-0 على ويست هام.

حياته وأوقاته الخاصة
ولد رايان جوزيف ويلسون في العاصمة كارديف للأم ليان غيغز والأب داني ويلسون. وأخذ بعد ذلك لقب أمه بعد انفصالها عن أبيه.

عاش في كارديف حتى السابعة من عمره، قبل الانتقال إلى مانشيستر في العام 1981 حيث وقع أبوه عقدا مع نادي سونتس للرجبي. لم تروقه هذه الخطوة، على الأقل لأن الأطفال في البلد كانوا يسخرون من لكنته الويلزية، التي فقدها سريعًا بعد ذلك.

لعب غيغز لفريق طلاب مدارس إنجلترا، الأمر الذي أدى إلى الشائعة التي تقول أنه رفض إنجلترا من أجل عيون ويلز، فريقه الدولي. يشرح رايان هذا الأمر قائلاً: "لم يكن هناك خيار آخر. لقد لعبت لفريق طلاب مدارس إنجلترا لأنني ذهبت إلى إحدى مدارس إنجلترا. ولكني ولدت في ويلز وكذلك أمي وأبي وأجدادي. من الممكن أن أتحدث
بلكنة مانشستر، ولكني ويلزي حتى النخاع."

وفي المدرسة، تأصل فيه السرعة والتوازن من خلال والده الذي كان يجعله يقف في مباريات كرة القدم في الملعب. وجاءت فرصته عندما اختاره فريق مانشيستر سيتي في إحدى المباريات في المدرسة الابتدائية جرسوفنير. وجهت مدرسة التميز في المدينة الدعوة لريان، لكن مع الأخذ في الاعتبار ولائه للنصف الأحمر من المدينة، وكان يرتدي قميصا أحمر في جميع الأوقات، حتى وإن كان ذلك يغضب مدربيه.

وقد وصل الحديث عن هذا الفتى الموهوب سمع السير أليكس فرجسون، الذي عين حديثًا مدربًا لمانشستر، والذي كان يطوف المنطقة المحلية للبحث عن موهبة. ولم يجعل السير/أليكس فرجسون الفرصة تفوته، بل قام على الفور بزيارة شخصية لمنزل رايان بعد عيد ميلاده الرابع عشر بيومين. ويحكي رايان ذلك قائلاً «كنت أشاهد التلفاز مع والدتي حينما طرق الباب، فقد أتى السير/أليكس فيرغسون كي أوقع له كلاعب مدرسي. وقد قضيت باقي تلك الليلة أتحدث في الهاتف لأخبر كل الناس». وقد كان إصرار السير/أليكس فيرجسون على توقيع غيغز من أكبر القرارات الموفقة التي قام بها رئيس نادي مانشستر.

ثم تطور الأمر بعد ذلك ليعمل بأجر كامل، حيث كان يحصل على 29.50 جنيه إسترليني أسبوعيًا وأحب كل لحظة يقضيها في ناديه الذي قضى فيه طفولته. وحانت لحظة أول ظهور له وعمره 17 عامًا ضد إيفرتون في القسم الأول من بطولة الدوري، بداية مشواره الكروي الناجح والمشرف.

الجوائز والانجازات

أوسمة الفريق الأول

كأس العالم FIFA للأندية 2008

كأس العالم للأندية (إنتركونتينينتال): 1999

دوري أبطال أوروبا: 1998/99، 2007/08

بطولة الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز 1992/93، 1993/94، 1995/96، 1996/97، 1998/99، 1999/2000، 2000/01، 2002/03، 2006/07، 2007/2008,2008\2009، 2011/2010 , 2012/2013

كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي: 1993/94، 1995/96، 1998/99، 2002/2003

كأس رابطة الأندية الإنجليزية: 1991/92، 2005/06، 2008/2009، 2009/2010

كأس السوبر الأوربية: 1991

كأس الدرع الخيرية: 1993، 1994، 1996، 1997، 2003، 2007، 2008, 2011 ,2013

أفضل لاعب في الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز 2008\2009

أوسمة الاحتياط والشباب

كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي للشباب: 1991/92

كأس دوري لانكشاير: 1990/91

أوسمة فردية

ماجستير الفنون الفخري (سالفورد) 2008

وسام الإمبراطورية البريطانية 2007

فريق القرن من الجمعية الإنجليزية للاعبين المحترفين 2007

جائزة القدم الذهبية 2011 في إمارة موناكو

اقتباسات عن اللاعب

على لسان غيغز

«لعبت في مانشيستر يونايتيد منذ أن كان عمري 13 عامًا وأنا مولع إلى حد كبير بالنادي وبالمشجعين له، لقد شكلا جزءًا لا يتجزأ من حياتي».

"لقد كنت محظوظًا بدرجة كافية في الحصول على العديد من الدوري، ولكن اللقب الأول كان فريدًا من نوعه حيث أن مانشيستر يونايتيد تأخر
كثيرًا حتى حصل على لقب البطولة مرةً أخرى. لقد كان مساء ذو طابع خاص".

«لقد كانت الدقائق الخمس الأخيرة في نهائي دوري الأبطال في برشلونة غير واضحة. ومع صافرة النهاية لم نكن ندري ماذا نفعل لأن مشاعرنا تحولت من خيبة الأمل إلى السعادة والسرور».

غيغز: على لسان الآخرين

«أن تقضي عشرين عامًا متواصلة في ناد واحد، إنه لأمر فريد في هذه الحقبة من الزمان. لقد كان رايان خادمًا أسطوريًا لمانشستر يونايتيد. إذا اختتم حياته الكروية هنا، فإن هذه الفكرة ستحمل نوع من السلوى له».

السير أليكس فيرغسون

«عندما يجري رايان وسط اللاعبين، يعطيهم حماسًا غريبًا. فهم لا يريدونه أن يلعب مدافعًا بعد ذلك».

جاري باليستر

«أذكر أول مرة رأيته فيها. حينما كان في عمره الثالث عشر وقفز من على الأرض كما يقفز الكلب الصغير الذي يطارد قطعة من ورق الفضة في الهواء».

السير أليكس فيرجسون

"إنه من المستحيل إلى حد بعيد استبدال لاعب مثل رايان غيغز – فقلما تجد لاعبين مثله. إنه لاعب نادر. إنه يحمل صفات اللاعب العالمي وقد حقق
الكثير مع ناد واحد. ولا تملك إلا أن تنظر إليه نظرة تقدير".

وصلات خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي للاعب

المراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية ويلزيون
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء قاعة مشاهير كرة القدم الإنجليزية
رياضيون بريطانيون من أصل سيراليوني
ضباط رتبة الإمبراطورية البريطانية
طاقم مانشستر يونايتد غير اللاعبين
كتاب سيرة ذاتية ويلزيون
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2012
لاعبو كرة قدم من كارديف
لاعبو كرة قدم ويلزيون
لاعبو مانشستر سيتي
لاعبو مانشستر يونايتد
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو منتخب بريطانيا العظمى الأولمبي لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب ويلز تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب ويلز لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب ويلز لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نهائي كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي
لاعبون فازوا بدوري أبطال أوروبا
مدربو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
مدربو كرة قدم ويلزيون
مدربو مانشستر يونايتد
مدربو منتخب ويلز لكرة القدم
مواليد 1973
مواليد في كارديف
ويلزيون من أصل سيراليوني

ريان غيغز


An Polystachya mcvaughiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Soto Arenas. An Polystachya mcvaughiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Polystachya, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Polystachya

Polystachya mcvaughiana


The Forty-Year-Old Version (bra Rapper aos 40) é um filme de comédia dramática estadunidense de 2020 escrito, dirigido e produzido por Radha Blank. É estrelado por Blank, Peter Kim, Oswin Benjamin e Reed Birney.

Teve sua estreia mundial no Festival de Cinema de Sundance em 25 de janeiro de 2020, e foi lançado em 9 de outubro de 2020, pela Netflix. Foi eleito um dos dez melhores filmes de 2020 pelo National Board of Review.

Elenco
 Radha Blank ...Radha
 Peter Kim ...Archie
 Oswin Benjamin ...D
 Imani Lewis ...Elaine
 Haskiri Velazquez ...Rosa
 Antonio Ortiz ...Waldo
 TJ Atoms ...Kamal
 Jacob Ming-Trent ...Lamont
 Stacey Sargeant ...Stacey
 William Oliver Watkins ...Marcus
 Meghan O'Neill ...Jaime
 André Ward ...Forrest
 Welker White ...Julie
 Reed Birney ...J. Whitman

Recepção
No Rotten Tomatoes, o filme detém um índice de aprovação de 99% com base em 134 resenhas, com nota média de 8,10/10. O consenso dos críticos do site diz "The Forty-Year-Old Version abre uma janela atraente para os fluxos e refluxos da vida artística e anuncia a escritora-diretora-estrela Radha Blank como um grande talento em sua estreia no cinema".  O Metacritic atribuiu ao filme uma pontuação média ponderada de 80 em 100, com base em 28 avaliações, indicando "críticas geralmente favoráveis".

Prêmios e indicações
Festival de Cinema de Sundance de 2020
Prêmio de Direção (venceu)
Prêmio do Grande Júri (indicado)

Prêmios Satellite
Melhor Filme - Comédia ou Musical (venceu)

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2020
Filmes originais da Netflix
Filmes de comédia dramática dos Estados Unidos
Filmes gravados em Nova Iorque
Filmes ambientados em Nova Iorque

The Forty-Year-Old Version


Kosmos 2408, ruski vojni komunikacijski satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Strijela-3 (br. 149 L (49)).
Lansiran je 23. rujna 2004. godine u 15:07 s kozmodroma Pljesecka u Rusiji. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Kosmos-3M 11K65M. Orbita mu je 1470 km u perigeju i 1496 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 82,48°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 28419. COSPARova oznaka je 2004-037-A. Zemlju obilazi u 115,60 minuta.

Strijela-3 su sateliti namijenjeni vojnim i vladinim komunikacijama. Bili su jednostavni sustav pohrane-ispuštanja posebice koristan u prosljeđivanju (relejno) neesencijalna prometa između Ruske Federacije i prekomorskih postaja ili snaga.

Jedan je od dvaju lansiranih satelita lansiranih 19. kolovoza 2003. godine. Svi su u orbiti, uključujući i dio koji se odvojio tijekom misije.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet u Zagrebu - Matematički odsjek Goran Igaly: EH rječnik

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2408


توبوليف تي يو - 204 هي طائرة بمحركين متوسطة المدى روسية الصنع، قادرة على حمل 212 راكبا. قدمت لأول مرة في عام 1989، تعتبر من الطراز المماثل للبوينغ 757. وصممت خصيصا لشركة الخطوط الجوية الروسية كبديل لطائرة المدى المتوسط توبوليف 154 تراي جت.

التصميم والإنتاج
توبوليف 204 هي من طائرات الطراز الحديث والتي يتميز بالقدرة على التعديل والتغيير السربع وسهولة إدماج الركاب والشحن لمراعاة التكلفة التشغيلية. وخفض مستوى الضجيج واستهلاك الوقود. ويمكن للطراز / توبوليف تي يو-204 أن يدعم بمحركات نفاثة سواء من قبل افيادفيغاتيل بي اس-90 أو بمحركات رولز رويس أر بي 211. وتنتج في اثنين من أكبر مصانع تصنيع الطائرات الروسية في أوليانوفسك (سلسلة توبوليف 204) وكازان (توبوليف 214).

يأتي طراز تي يو-204 بعدة تصاميم لكابينة الركاب، بما في ذلك خط الإنتاج الأساسي لطائرات الفئة الواحدة من مقاعد الركاب ب 210 مقعد؛ والتصاميم الأخرى بإضافة أكثر من فئة لمقاعد الركاب وتتسع ل164-193 مقعد حسب طلب الزبون. وهنا ك نسخة طائرات الشحن من طراز توبوليف 204 ويجري تشغيلها بنجاح بواسطة شركات عدة في أوروبا ومصر.

كل مقصورات الدرجة الاقتصادية ودرجة رجال الأعمال مزودة بمقاعد محسنة للركاب بتصميم 3 +3 أو 2 +2 من المقاعد المتوازية، على التوالي. مقاعد مقصورة درجة رجال الأعمال بقاعدة 810 ملم. ومن الممكن أن تكون مقصورة الركاب مقسمة إلى أجزاء، وفقا للفئة مع حواجز وستائر متحركة. تم إضاءة المقصورات بالضوء المنعكس المخفي، تقع فوق وتحت الصناديق العلوية على طول الجانبين مما خلق إنارة ثابتة ومريحة. صناديق أمتعة الركاب من النوع القابل للغلق. بحجم 0.052 متر مكعب للصندوق الواحد.

في عام 1994، تم إصدار الشهادة الأولى لطائرة توبوليف 204 (مع محركات بي اس-90). وصدر لاحقا عدد من الشهادات على مدى تحسين الظروف التشغيلية الشاملة للطائرة والتصميم.

المشغلين

اجمالي المستخدمين :
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! الطيران
! نوع الطائرة
! في الخدمة
! تحت الطلب
|-
|  آير كايرو || 204-120 || 3 || 0
|-
|  آير كايرو || 204-120C || 2 || 0
|-
|  دالافيا° || 214 || 5 || 0
|-
|  طيران الصين للشحن || 204-120CE || 1 || 4
|-
|  افيا ستار-تي يو || 204 || 3 || 0
|-
|  كفيمن فويافيا || 204-200 || 2 || 2
|-
|  طيران كراس || 3 x 204-100 / 1 x 214 || 3 || 0
|-
|  طيران روسيه || 2 x 214SR / 3 x 214 || 5 || 0
|-
|  شركة إليوشن المالية || 31 x 204 || 0 || 31
|-
|  فالديفستك ايريو || 204-300 || 6 || 0
|-
|  خطوط اس 7 الجوية || 204SM || 0 || 15
|-
|  كوبانا || 1 x 204-100CE2 x 204-100E || 3 || 1
|-
|  طيران كوريو || x2 204-300 x1 204-100 (order)  || 1 || 2
|-
|  الخطوط الجوية السورية°° || 204 || 0 || 2
|-
|  ترانز ايرو || 214 || 3 || 7
|-
|  إيران للطيران°°°°  || 204-100 SM|| 0 || 30
|-
|  سيروكو للفضاء°°°°° || 204-120|| 25 || 0
|-
|  بلو وينجز || 204 CM|| 0 || 5
|-
|  ريد وينجز || 204-100 || 9 || 9
|-
|  اتلانت-سويوز || 204SM || 0 || 15
|-
|  طيران كلين || 204-120CE || 0 || 4
|-

!الإجمالي || ||71||86
|}
° شركة طيران أعلنت إفلاسها، ويجري تصفية لأصول ..
°° أول طلبية في عام 2008.°°° تشغل الشركة حاليا طائرة واحدة وهي من طراز توبوليف 214.°°°° في أكتوبر 2008، أعلن كل من إيران وروسيا أن التوصل إلى اتفاق لصناعة ما يصل إلى 100 توبوليف 204 / 214 طائرة في إيران يجري استعراضها في المراحل النهائية.
°°°°° شركة تأجير مصرية.

المواصفات

مصادر : يونايتد ايركرافت كوربوريشن

طالع أيضا

مصادر

وصلات خارجية

طائرات توبوليف
طائرات خطوط جوية سوفيتية 1980–1989
طائرات ذات أجنحة سفلية
طائرات نفاثة ثنائية المحركات

توبوليف تي يو-204


Aleut akıntısı, Aleut adaları ile 42° Kuzey enlemi arasında yüzey su akıntısıdır. Kuroşiyo ve Oyaşiyo akıntıları tarafından oluşturulan Aleut akıntısı, Kuzey Amerika kıyılarına ulaşınca ikiye ayrılır: Alaska akıntısı, Kaliforniya akıntısı.

Okyanus akıntıları
Büyük Okyanus coğrafyası

Aleut akıntısı


Bilyï Kolodiaz () ou Bely Kolodez (), littéralement « le puits blanc », est une commune urbaine de l'oblast de Kharkiv, en Ukraine. Elle compte  en 2021.

Références

Commune urbaine dans l'oblast de Kharkiv

Bilyï Kolodiaz


Eve Beglarian (born Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S., July 22, 1958) is a contemporary American composer, performer and audio producer of Armenian descent.  Her music is often characterized as postminimalist.

Her chamber, choral, and orchestral music has been commissioned and widely performed by The Los Angeles Master Chorale, the Bang on a Can All-Stars, The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, The California EAR Unit, The Orchestra of St. Luke's, Relâche, The Paul Dresher Ensemble, Sequitur, and The American Composers Orchestra, among many others.  She received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts Robert Rauschenberg Award (2015).

Discography

Albums
Overstepping (1998)
Tell the Birds (2006)

Collaborations
Dream Cum Go Down - Eve Beglarian and Juliana Luecking (1995)
Dancing in Place - Elizabeth Panzer (1999)
Play Nice - Twisted Tutu (1999)
Almost Human (Beiser) - Maya Beiser (2007)

Compilations

Lesbian American Composers (1998)
Emergency Music (1998)
Messiah Remix (2004)
To Have and to Hold (2007)
60x60 (2004-2005) (2007)

References

External links
Composer Finds a Muse in the Mississippi (The New York Times)
EVBVD Music: Eve Beglarian
Recommended composers: Eve Beglarian  by Kyle Gann
Podcast interview on MikeyPod

1958 births
21st-century American composers
21st-century American women musicians
20th-century American composers
20th-century American women musicians
20th-century American musicians
20th-century classical composers
20th-century women composers
21st-century classical composers
21st-century women composers
American people of Armenian descent
American contemporary classical composers
American women classical composers
American women in electronic music
Classical musicians from Michigan
American lesbian musicians
American LGBT composers
LGBT classical composers
LGBT people from Michigan
Lesbian composers
Armenian LGBT people
Living people
Musicians from Ann Arbor, Michigan
20th-century American LGBT people
21st-century American LGBT people

Eve Beglarian


Mrtva kopriva (medić, mrtvica, mrtvača, kopriva divja; lat. Lamium nom. cons.), rod od oko 30 vrsta jednogodišnjeg raslinja i trajnica iz porodice Lamiaceae. Tipični je rod koji je porodici dao ime

U Hrvatskoj raste nekoliko vrsta, među kojima bijela mrtva kopriva (L. album), mala ili obuhvatna mrtva kopriva ili širokolisni medić (L. amplexicaule), žuta mrtva kopriva (L. galeobdolon), garganska mrtva kopriva (L. garganicum), pjegava mrtva kopriva (L. maculatum), velika mrtva kopriva (L. orvala), grimizna mrtva kopriva (Lamium purpureum) i još neke.

Nekadašnji rod Lamiastrum, također je poznat kao mrtva kopriva, a njegova jedina vrsta uklopljena je u rod Lamium, L. galeobdolon (L.) L.

Vrste

 Lamium album L.
 Lamium amplexicaule L.
 Lamium bakhtiaricum Jamzad
 Lamium bifidum Cirillo
 Lamium bilgilii Celep
 Lamium caucasicum Grossh.
 Lamium confertum Fr.
 Lamium coutinhoi J.G.García
 Lamium cyrneum Paradis
 Lamium demirizii A.P.Khokhr.
 Lamium eriocephalum Benth.
 Lamium flexuosum Ten.
 Lamium galactophyllum Boiss. & Reut.
 Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L.
 Lamium garganicum L.
 Lamium gevorense (Gómez Hern.) Gómez Hern. & A.Pujadas
 Lamium glaberrimum (K.Koch) Taliev
 Lamium × holsaticum Prahl
 Lamium macrodon Boiss. & A.Huet
 Lamium maculatum (L.) L.
 Lamium moschatum Mill.
 Lamium multifidum L.
 Lamium orientale (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) E.H.L.Krause
 Lamium orvala L.
 Lamium persepolitanum (Boiss.) Jamzad
 Lamium purpureum L.
 Lamium × schroeteri Gams
 Lamium taiwanense S.S.Ying
 Lamium tomentosum Willd.
 Lamium tschorochense A.P.Khokhr.
 Lamium vreemanii A.P.Khokhr.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Lamieae

Mrtva kopriva


Der Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain ist ein Tagebau der Mitteldeutschen Braunkohlengesellschaft (MIBRAG). Er besteht aus den Abbaufeldern Schleenhain, Peres und Groitzscher Dreieck, die vor der Fusion zum Großtagebau als eigenständige Tagebaue betrieben wurden.

Geografie
Der im zentralen Teil des Weiße-Elster-Beckens etwa 20 km südlich von Leipzig befindliche Tagebau besteht aus den drei Abbaufeldern Peres, Schleenhain und Groitzscher Dreieck, welche bis 1990 als eigenständige Tagebaue fungierten. Im Bereich des Tagebaus, der zu den großen Lagerstätten im Süden der Leipziger Tieflandsbucht gehört, sind vier Flöze qualitativ hochwertiger Kohle (Heizwerte 9,7 bis 11,1 MJ/kg) mit Mächtigkeiten von 2 bis 30 m ausgebildet. Er ist somit der einzige, in dem alle vier abbauwürdigen Flöze des Weiße-Elster-Beckens gewonnen werden.

Die Braunkohle enthält im Mittel etwa 52 % Wasser, 6,5 % mineralische Bestandteile und 1,85 % Schwefel. Der Quecksilbergehalt gehört mit etwa 0,4 mg/kg zu den höchsten der deutschen Braunkohlereviere.

Der Tagebau befindet sich auf dem Areal der Städte Groitzsch im Westen, Neukieritzsch im Osten und Regis-Breitingen im Südosten. Er liegt im sächsischen Landkreis Leipzig.

Geschichte

Tagebau Schleenhain (1949–1994)
Im Jahr 1949 erfolgte nördlich von Ramsdorf der Aufschluss des Tagebaus Schleenhain im Zugbetrieb mit 900 mm Spurweite. Die erste Kohle des Tagebaus Schleenhain wurde im Jahr 1953 gefördert. Sie wurde zunächst mit Zügen zu einem Grabenbunker transportiert und dort zwischengelagert. Von dort brachte man die Kohle mit einer über 1.600 Meter langen Schrägbandanlage zur erneuten Zugverladung an die Oberfläche. Der folgende Transport zu den Verbrauchern erfolgte mittels einer Kohlenfernbahn. Die Rohkohle und der Mittelabraum wurden in vier bis fünf Schnitten abgetragen. Dies erfolgte aufgrund der unregelmäßigen Struktur der Kohlenflöze mit den gleichen Grubenbaggern. Seit 1956 wurde der Abraum des Tagebaus im bereits ausgekohlten Teil im Südosten des Areals verkippt. Zur Leistungssteigerung bei der Oberabraumgewinnung erfolgte im Jahr 1982 die Einführung der gebrochenen Förderung. Dabei wurde der Abraum über zwei Grabenbunker vom Abraumzug auf eine Bandanlage umgeschlagen und zu einem Bandabsetzer vom Typ A2Rs-B-8800 transportiert. Für die spätere Gestaltung und Rekultivierung der Kippenoberfläche und des Restloches des benachbarten stillgelegten Tagebaus Haselbach (1955–1977) wurde der kulturfähige Boden im Zugbetrieb zu den Absetzern vom Typ As 1120 befördert. Den auf der Kippe arbeitenden Absetzern As 1600 oder 1120 führte man auch den Mittelabraum zu.

Der Tagebau Schleenhain schwenkte zunächst um die nördlich von Ramsdorf gelegenen Drehpunkte 1 und 2 im Uhrzeigersinn. Dabei wurde im Jahr 1957/58 die zu Hagenest gehörige "Löschützmühle" devastiert. 20 Personen wurden dabei umgesiedelt. Teile von Kleinhermsdorf/Nehmitz mit insgesamt 70 Einwohnern wurden 1960/61 abgebaggert. Im Jahr 1967/68 erreichte der Tagebau Schleenhain den namensgebenden Ort Schleenhain, wodurch dessen 270 Einwohner umgesiedelt wurden. Auch ein Teilbereich der Schnauder musste durch den Tagebau verlegt werden. 1974 erfolgte eine Verlagerung des Drehpunkts. Während dieser sich bisher im Südwesten von Heuersdorf südlich der Tagesanlagen des Tagebaus Schleenhain befand, wurde nun vom Drehpunkt 3 aus der Bereich nördlich von Heuersdorf im Uhrzeigersinn abgebaggert. Dabei erreichte man im Jahr 1982/83 den im Norden des Abbaugebiets gelegenen Ort Droßdorf (300 Einwohner). Der letzte Ort, der dem Tagebau Schleenhain weichen musste, war Breunsdorf, das zwischen 1987 und 1994 devastiert wurde. 450 Menschen wurden dabei umgesiedelt. Beim Abbruch des Ortes ergrub das sächsische Landesamt für Archäologie, Dresden mit Mitteln der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft die gesamte Fläche des Dorfes.

Zwischen 1949 und 1994 wurden im Tagebau Schleenhain auf einem Areal von 2240 Hektar eine Menge von 325 Millionen Tonnen Kohle gefördert. Dafür wurden 1,072 Milliarden Kubikmeter Abraum abtransportiert. Somit beträgt das Verhältnis von Abraum zu Kohle im Abbaufeld Schleenhain im Durchschnitt ca. 3:1.

Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain (seit 1995)
Im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Tagebauen des Mitteldeutschen und Lausitzer Braunkohlereviers wurde der Tagebau Schleenhain nicht stillgelegt. Wurden bis 1991 vor allem die Veredlungsstandorte Deutzen und Regis-Breitingen beliefert, wurde im Jahr 1993 die weitere Abnahme der Braunkohle aus Schleenhain gesichert. Mit einem Vertrag über die Belieferung des Neubaukraftwerkes Lippendorf bis zum Ende der Laufzeit des Tagebaus wurde die Kohleförderung bis zum Jahr 2040 angestrebt. Dazu wurden 1995 im Ergebnis der Privatisierung der Tagebaue des Mitteldeutschen Reviers der Tagebau Schleenhain und die 1991 gestundeten Tagebaue Groitzscher Dreieck und Peres durch die MIBRAG mbH zum Großtagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain mit den drei gleichnamigen Abbaufeldern vereinigt. Dieser dient seit 1999 ausschließlich der Kohlenversorgung des Kraftwerks Lippendorf.

Im November 2005 erhielt die MIBRAG die Genehmigung für die Abbaggerung des Ortes Heuersdorf mit seinem Ortsteil Großhermsdorf im Süden von Leipzig, um dadurch den Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain weiter betreiben zu können. Im Zuge der Devastierung des Ortes wurde die Emmauskirche nach Borna umgesetzt.

Nach den planungsrechtlichen Genehmigungen wurde bisher davon ausgegangen, dass der der Abbau noch bis 2040 fortgesetzt werden würde. Durch den Kohleausstieg und nach Verhandlungen zwischen der MIBRAG und der Sächsischen Staatsregierung wurde im Januar 2021 bekannt gegeben, dass die MIBRAG auf die Inanspruchnahme der Abbaugebiete Groitzscher Dreieck und Pödelwitz verzichtet. Grund hierfür ist die verkürzte Laufzeit des belieferten Kraftwerk Lippendorf. Infolgedessen ist von einer Stillegung des Tagebaus spätestens 2035 auszugehen.

Bei Neukieritzsch gab es einen Aussichtspunkt in den Tagebau, der im Jahr 2012 nach Deutzen verlegt wurde.

Technik
Die Kohleförderung im Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain erfolgt im Bandbetrieb. Hierzu sind im Tagebau 2 Eimerkettenbagger, 6 Schaufelradbagger und 2 Absetzer tätig.

Großgeräte im Tagebau
 Eimerkettenbagger 353 ERs 710
 Bandwagen 811 BRs 1400
 Bandwagen 817 BRs 1400
 Bandwagen 825 BRs 1400
 Bandwagen 832 BRs 1600
 Bandwagen 833 BRs 1400
 Absetzer 1119 A2Rs-B 10000.110
 Absetzer 1124 A2Rs-B 10000.110
 Schaufelradbagger 1517 SRs 1300
 Schaufelradbagger 1528 SRs 2000
 Schaufelradbagger 1548 SRs 320
 Schaufelradbagger 1552 SRs 2000
 Schaufelradbagger 1554 SRs 702
 Schaufelradbagger 1566 SRs 703
 Eimerkettenbagger 1701 ERs 1120
(Quelle:)

Devastierte Orte

Tagebau Schleenhain (1949–1994)

Tagebau Peres (1963–1991)

Tagebau Groitzscher Dreieck (1974–1991)

Die geplante Umsiedlung des Orts Langenhain wurde 1990 gestoppt.

Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain

Nicht umgesetzte Devastierungen
 Pödelwitz, Ortsteil von Groitzsch, einige Bewohner bereits freiwillig nach Groitzsch umgesiedelt – Abbaufeld Peres
 Obertitz, Ortsteil von Groitzsch – Abbaufeld Groitzscher Dreieck
 Kieritzsch, Ortsteil von Neukieritzsch – Devastierung im Zuge des Aufschlusses eines "Abbaufeldes Kieritzsch" im Jahr 2011 im Gespräch gewesen

Nach Verhandlungen des Betreibers MIBRAG und der Sächsische Staatsregierung wurde im Januar 2021 bekannt gegeben, dass keine weiteren Orte devastiert und für den Bergbau in Anspruch genommen werden.

Daten des Tagebaus
 jährliche Förderleistung (Kohle): 9–11 Mio. t
 jährliche Förderleistung (Abraum): 25–30 Mio. t
 jährliche Wasserhebung: 35–40 Mio. m³
 Heizwert der Förderkohle (Durchschnitt): 10,5 MJ/kg

Nachnutzung und Rekultivierung
Die MIBRAG Neue Energie GmbH betreibt auf der Kippe des Tagebaus in der Nähe von Ramsdorf den Windpark Am Geyersberg mit einer Leistung von insgesamt 6,9 Megawatt. Drei Windenergieanlagen des Typs Siemens Gamesa SWT-2.3-101 wurden 2010 in Betrieb genommen.

Auf früheren Abbauflächen plant die MIBRAG die Errichtung des Windparks Breunsdorf mit einer Leistung von insgesamt 90 Megawatt und investiert rund 100 Mio. Euro. Von ursprünglich 17 geplanten Windenergieanlagen wurden 15 Anlagen auf Rekultivierungsflächen des Tagebaus im Februar 2022 nach Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz beantragt. Das prognostizierte jährliche Regelarbeitsvermögen liegt bei 205 GWh. Zum Vergleich liefert ein Block des Kraftwerks Lippendorf mit 875 MW ca. 6000 GWh pro Jahr.

Siehe auch
 Liste deutscher Braunkohletagebaue
 Liste der aktiven Bergwerke in Deutschland, Abschnitt Braunkohle-Tagebaue

Weblinks

 Braunkohlenplan des Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain (2003-2040)
 Infobroschüre der MIBRAG zum Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain (PDF, 2,1 MB)
 Der Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain auf der Website der MIBRAG
 Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain auf Ostkohle.de
 Beschreibung des Tagebaus Schleenhain in einem Dokument der LMBV
 Beschreibung des Tagebaus Peres in einem Dokument der LMBV
 Der Tagebau Peres auf www.devastiert.de
 Der Tagebau Groitzscher Dreieck auf www.devastiert.de
 Aktuelle Kamera: Winterbetrieb im Tagebau Schleenhain bei Leipzig. Deutscher Fernsehfunk vom 20. November 1965. (Video im ARD-Retro-Angebot der ARD Mediathek)

Einzelnachweise

Bergbau (Sachsen)
Tagebau im Mitteldeutschen Braunkohlerevier
Bergwerk in Europa

Tagebau Vereinigtes Schleenhain


Mara Mareș () este un deputat român, ales în 2016 pe listele Partidului Național Liberal, în circumscripția electorală nr. 8 Brașov. Mara Mareș este cel mai tânăr deputat din legislatura 2016-2020.

Este membră în doua comisii permanente ale Camerei Deputaților: Comisia pentru învățământ, știință, tineret și sport și Comisia pentru egalitatea de șanse pentru femei și bărbați, unde ocupa poziția de secretar. Este membră al Delegației Parlamentului României la Adunarea Parlamentară a Mediteranei, vicepreședinte al Grupului parlamentar de prietenie cu India, membru al Grupului parlamentar de prietenie cu Republica Costa Rica, membru al Grupului parlamentar de prietenie cu Regatul Țărilor de Jos (Olanda) și Grupului parlamentar de prietenie cu Regatul Belgiei.

Mara Mareș are doua cabinete parlamentare: primul este situat în Brașov, pe Str. Lungă, Nr. 12, cel de-al doilea este situat în Făgăraș, pe Str. Republicii, Nr. 6.

Vezi și
 Legislatura 2016-2020 (Camera Deputaților)
 Parlamentul României

Legături externe
 Activitatea parlamentară
 Pagină

Politicieni români în viață
Deputați români 2016-2020
Membri ai Partidului Național Liberal

Mara Mareș


El FK Ústí nad Labem es un club de fútbol de la República Checa. Fue fundado en 1945 y juega en la Czech 2. Liga.

Historia

La historia del club se remonta a 1927, pero los datos específicos se registran después del final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. La Segunda Guerra Mundial. En 1945 como SK Usti nad Labem, trabajó en la clase club de IB. A pesar de la división IA y de clase, el club se dio en 1951 en la Liga de la Tierra (la segunda más alta competencia) y como finalista de la Copa de Checoslovaquia llegó en 1952 hasta el 1 de Liga, pero solo por un año. En 1958 él jugó en Usti nad Labem fue la más alta competencia, pero de nuevo sólo una temporada. El club había trabajado bajo el nombre de Spartak Usti nad Labem, en las décadas siguientes trabajó alternativamente en el concurso de la segunda y tercera en el país.

En la temporada 1989-1990 desciende equipo para el campeonato regional, sino tres veces en cuatro años y luego procede FK SGG Anna juega en el período 1994-1996 la segunda liga.
Por razones financieras, el equipo del año pasado en el segundo nedohrává liga y deja prácticamente. Los siguientes dos años jugando los equipos de la competencia los jóvenes solamente.
Cuando se combina con el suburbano Vseborice FK NRC, que jugó de primera clase A, creada en 1998, Burnley (Ciudad del Fútbol Club) Usti nad Labem. El club recién fundada dos veces y se graduó dos años más tarde logró el ascenso a la CFL.

Desde la temporada 2001-2002 del club se inicia con un nuevo nombre MFK Usti nad Labem. En la temporada 2004-2005, el club se convierte en un participante permanente en el segundo Ligas. En la temporada 2005/2006 llegó a un club de tercera gran lugar en la segunda división, dirigido por el entrenador Jiri Pliska, en nuestro ejemplo, también jugó un jersey de Edin Džeko. Entonces asumió las riendas Svatopluk entrenador Habanec que el primer equipo en el ahorro segunda liga, y luego reunió a un equipo que jugó una posición de liderazgo en la segunda liga. En la temporada 2009/2010 el equipo después de 52 años se trasladó a la liga superior , sobre todo gracias al otoño excepcional y los 11 goles de Richard ardillas. El procedimiento de seguridad, nuestro equipo ganó 29 de mayo de 2010 en Sokolov, ganando 3-1.

Desde la temporada 2006-2007 comienza ya con el club de fútbol del club actual llamado Usti nad Labem, ya que
además del equipo, el club cuenta con cuatro adultos y cuatro adolescentes, alumnos de cooperación. En las categorías de clubes de jóvenes trabaja en estrecha colaboración con Ravel menor FK.

Estadio

Palmarés
Czech 2. Liga (1): 2011–12
Bohemian Football League (2): 1993–94, 2003–04
Cuarta División de la República Checa (1): 2002–03

Jugadores

Equipo 2021/22

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Equipos de fútbol de la República Checa
Equipos de fútbol fundados en 1945
Equipos de fútbol de la región de Ústí nad Labem
Ústí nad Labem

Fotbalový Klub Ústí nad Labem


LBQS 0302-0019 précédemment nommé SDSS J030449.85-000813.4 est un quasar ou un potentiel objet Bl Lacertae radio-silencieux et radio-variable de la constellation de la Baleine qui se situe à environ 5.3 milliards d'années-lumière.

Découverte
LBQS 0302 a été découvert par le Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array lors d'une étude du ciel profond dans le domaine des ondes radio de fréquence 8.4 GHz.

Caractéristiques
L'étude du VLA a montré une variabilité de la fréquence radio de LBQS 0302, qui serait due, selon l'équipe du VLA, au fait qu'un deuxième objet croiserait ses jets avec ceux de LBQS 0302.

Grâce à une étude du NRAO, l'hypothèse que LBQS 0302-0019 serait un objet Bl Lacertae a été validée, la masse du premier objet (LBQS 0302) serait de 2,4 milliards de masses solaires, la masse du deuxième objet n'a pas pu être mesurée.

Référence

Quasar
Trou noir supermassif

LBQS 0302-0019


Tore Ylwizaker (16. kolovoza 1970.) norveški je glazbenik, skladatelj, i glazbeni producent. Najpoznatiji je kao klavijaturist sastava Ulver. Surviđao je i sa sastavima Arcturus, Mayhem, Fleurety i Lengsel.

Diskografija

 Ulver

 Themes from William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1998.)
 Perdition City (2000.)
 Blood Inside (2005.)
 Shadows of the Sun (2007.)
 Wars of the Roses (2011.)
 Messe I.X-VI.X (2013.)
 ATGCLVLSSCAP (2016.)
 The Assassination of Julius Caesar (2017.)
 Flowers of Evil (2020.)
 Scary Muzak (2021.)

 Kao gost

 Fleurety – Department of Apocalyptic Affairs (2000.)
 Mayhem – Grand Declaration of War (2000.)

 Producirani albumi

 Ulver – Themes from William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1998.)
 Ulver – Metamorphosis (1999.)
 Hagalaz' Runedance – Urd – That Which Was (1999.)
 Lengsel – Solace (2000.)
 Ulver – Perdition City (2000.)
 Arcturus – The Sham Mirrors (2002.)
 Ihsahn – The Adversary (2006.)
 Ulver – Shadows of the Sun (2007.)
 Fleurety – Evoco Bestias (2011.)
 Ulver – Wars of the Roses (2011.)

Izvori

Norveški klavijaturisti heavy metala
Skladatelji
Glazbeni producenti

Tore Ylwizaker


Cinesphere is the world's first permanent IMAX movie theatre, located on the grounds of Ontario Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Constructed in 1971, it is the largest IMAX theatre in Ontario. The theatre has both IMAX 70mm and IMAX with Laser projection systems. The theatre is considered a building of heritage value and shows movies each weekend. It is owned by the Government of Ontario, which owns the entire Ontario Place site.

Cinesphere's is a  triodetic-domed structure, akin to a geodesic dome, with a  outer radius, and a  inner radius, supported by prefabricated steel and aluminium alloy tubes. Eberhard Zeidler, who also designed the "Pods" of Ontario Place, also designed Cinesphere. Its screen is  wide by  high. Its seating capacity was originally 752, but this was reduced after a renovation for 3D projection in 2011 to 614. The building is surrounded by a moat, and the entrance area is through doorways on the east side connected to the Ontario Place pod bridges and staircases to the Ontario Place West Island. Exiting is done through doorways leading to ramps over the moat to the West Island. The seating is stadium-style seating with no obstructions. The Cinesphere is wheelchair accessible.

The Cinesphere opened with two specially-commissioned films. Graeme Ferguson's North of Superior was the first IMAX film commissioned for and screened at Cinesphere. Seasons in the Mind a non-IMAX film about Eastern Ontario, also played at the Cinesphere at its opening. During the run of the theme park, Cinesphere would usually show a programme of two or more one-hour films per day, repeated several times per day, from a selection of four Ontario-commissioned films. During the off-season, Cinesphere showed commercial films.

In 1991, the sound system was upgraded adding digital capabilities. In 2011, the original projection system was replaced with an IMAX GT 3D system and new NEXIOS playback system. In celebration of its 40th Anniversary in 2011, the theatre closed for six months to undergo extensive renovations. Toronto architecture firm Gow Hastings Architects was awarded the refurbishment of the theatre in 2010. On February 1, 2012, the Government of Ontario announced that Cinesphere would close while Ontario Place is under renovation. On July 31, 2014, the Government of Ontario announced plans to revitalize the area as an urban park with the Cinesphere and pods retained. During the renovations, the theatre was used as a testbed for IMAX's new laser projection system. In 2014, the Government of Ontario designated Cinesphere as a structure of Cultural Heritage Value.

In 2017, a new projection system "IMAX with Laser" was installed in addition to its 70mm film projector. In September 2017, Cinesphere temporarily re-opened for special screenings of Dunkirk (2017) and North of Superior (1971) as part of the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. In October 2017, the Government of Ontario announced that it would reopen as a permanent theatre. It reopened on November 3, 2017. On October 17, 2022, it was closed for renovations. It is estimated to reopen sometime in late 2023.

Other details
 Film format:  15 perforation 70 mm IMAX, IMAX with Laser
 Sound formats: IMAX

Awards
 2017 Prix du XXe siècle - Royal Architectural Institute of Canada

See also
 List of cinemas in Toronto

References

External links
 Official site

IMAX venues in Canada
Geodesic domes
Cinemas and movie theatres in Toronto

Cinesphere


An Carex densa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Liberty Hyde Bailey, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Liberty Hyde Bailey. An Carex densa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Carex

Carex densa