Sørens søster er en film instrueret af Michael Bach.

Handling
En fortælling om kærligheden mellem en ung mand og hans søster en søndag eftermiddag i en Folkevogn.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1989

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Sørens søster


Inoue Mitsuharu (; * 15. Mai 1926 in Lüshunkou (Port Arthur); † 30. Mai 1992) war ein japanischer Schriftsteller.

Leben und Werk
Inoue Mitsuharu wurde in der Mandschurei geboren, wo sein Vater als wandernder Töpfer lebte. Er trat nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg der Kommunistischen Partei Japans bei und publizierte in der Zeitschrift Shin Nihon Bungaku. Nach der Veröffentlichung des kritischen Romans Kakarezaru isshō wurde er 1950 aus der Partei ausgeschlossen. 1956 gründete er die Zeitschrift Gendai Hihyoo, in der er den Fortsetzungsroman Kyokō no kurēn (虚構のクレーン) – "Ein fiktiver Kran" (als Buch 1960) veröffentlichte. In diesem wie in dem Werk Shõsetsu Guadarukanaru senshishū (小説ガダルカナル戦詩集) "Roman Schlacht um Guadalcanal Gedichtsammlung" (1958) reflektierte er das Leben in Japan während des Zweiten Weltkrieges. In späteren Werken setzte er sich mit Themen wie den japanischen Kriegsverbrechen im Zweiten Weltkrieg und den Folgen der Atombombenabwürfe auf Hiroshima und Nagasaki auseinander. Sein Roman Gendai Hihyoo (憑かれた人) – "Eine besessene Person" (1981) beschreibt den psychologischen Zustand eines radikalen Anführers, der sieben Jahre im Gefängnis verbringen musste, für einen Mord, den er nicht begangen hatte.

Literatur

 John Scott Miller: Historical Dictionary of Modern Japanese Literature and Theater. Scarecrow Press, Lanham 2009, ISBN 978-0-8108-5810-7, S. 38 ().
 Kenzaburo Oe: The Crazy Iris and Other Stories of the Atomic Aftermath. Neuauflage. Grove Press, New York 1985, ISBN 0-8021-5184-1, S. 204–205 ().
 S. Noma (Hrsg.): Inoue Mitsuharu. In: Japan. An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha, 1993. ISBN 4-06-205938-X, S. 609.

Autor
Roman, Epik
Literatur (Japanisch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Japaner
Geboren 1926
Gestorben 1992
Mann

Inoue Mitsuharu


Den kongelige Livgardes 300 års jubilæum 1958 er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1958.

Handling
INDHOLD:
00:02:00 Fortekster. "Den kongelige Livgardes 300 års dag. 1658-1958 den 30. juni". 00:02:35 Udstilling af gamle garderuniformer på Amalienborg. 00:03:45 Den kongelige Marine overtager vagter på Amalienborg således, at alle gardere kan deltage i den store fest. Vagtafløsningen. 00:05:07 Gardeforeningerne nedlægger krans ved kong Christian X rytterstatue på Sankt Annæ Plads i København. 00:05:38 Gamle gardere strømmer til eksercerpladsen foran Rosenborg Slot, hvor der skal afholdes parade. Repræsentanter for udenlandske garder ankommer. 00:07:12 Parade og uddeling af æresbevisninger og medaljer. 00:08:22 Statue af garder afsløres. 00:08:16 Kong Frederik IX og dronning Ingrid ankommer i bil til Rosenborg. Kongen skridter paraden af og lægger en krans ved statuen. Præst taler. 00:11:44 Skuespilleren og sangeren Lauritz Melchior, ses. 00:12:15 Kong Frederik taler til garderne og overrækker ny fane. Stor parade. 00:15:17 Kkongefamilien forlader Rosenborg. Garderne marcherer fra Rosenborg og gennem byen til Amalienborg. De gamle gardere følger efter. 00:17:34 Garden ankommer til Amalienborg slotsplads. Kongen, dronningen og prinsesserne modtager garden stående på podium. Parade på slotspladsen. 00:19:10 Gardere fra udlandet anføres af kongelig kammersanger Lauritz Melchior. 00:20:25 Kongen hilser på de udenlandske officerer. 00:21:00 Garderfamilierne spiser frokost på grøsplænen i Kongens Have. Kongen kommer på besøg. 00:21:48 Livgarden holder opvisning foran Rosenborg. Flere former for militærtræning vises. 00:24:20 Kongen forærer garderne cigaretter. Tattoo med garden i galla. Motorcykel-eksercits. 00:25:44 Stor middagsarrangement i Forum. Oberst Freisleben taler og Hans Hartvig Seedorf reciterer. 00:26:42 Festfyrværkeri. 00:27:17 Slut.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1958


Sudbeni kotar Rab bio je jedan od sudbenih kotara (njem. Gerichtsbezirk), koji su predstavljali manje upravno-teritorijalne jedinice nekadašnje Carevine Austrije u okvirima Austro-Ugarske monarhije. Zajedno sa sudbenim kotarima Biograd, Pag i Zadar činio je veću upravno-teritorijalnu jedinicu politički kotar Zadar u sastavu austrijske krunske zemlje Dalmacije. Prostirao se je 1900. godine na 103,46 km.2 Sjedište sudbenog kotara bilo je u Rabu, a službeno je iskazivan i na talijanskom jeziku pod imenom Arbe.

Stanovništvo

Godine 1900. u sudbenom je kotaru Rabu živjelo 4.465 stanovnika popisanih kao lokalno civilno stanovništvo i "stranci" (stanovništvo iz drugih dijelova carstva - "nezavičajno" (njem. Staatsfremde) bez stalnog boravka u Dalmaciji, zatečeno na licu u vrijeme popisa, koje je u popisnim kolonama bilo vjerski, ali ne i jezično raspoređeno)), te kao vojničko stanovništvo. Izjašnjavanja u smislu narodnosne pripadnosti nije bilo, a hrvatski i srpski jezik iskazani su kao jedan jezik pod službenim imenom "srpsko-hrvatski jezik" (njem. serbo-kroatisch).

U odnosu na strukturu stanovništva ukupno je popisano 4.465 osoba ili 100% iz reda civilnog stanovništva, od toga lokalnog, "zemaljskog" iz Dalmacije 4.445 ili 99,55%, te "nezavičajnog" odn. iz drugih dijelova monarhije 20 osoba ili 0,44%. Vojničkoga stanovništva nije bilo.

Naselja

Sudbeni kotar Rab koji je istodobno bio i općina sastojao se iz 7 naseljenih mjesta i njihovih dijelova - zaselaka (u zagradi je broj stanovnika s popisa od 31. prosinca 1900. godine):

Literatura

 Gemeindelexikon der im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder; Bearbeitet auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1900. Herausgegeben von der K. K. Statistischen zentralkommission; XIV Dalmatien. Wien 1908.
 Republika Hrvatska - Državni zavod za statistiku: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857. – 2001.
 Mirko Korenčić: Naselja i stanovništvo SR Hrvatske od 1857-1971, Zagreb, 1979.

Izvori

Rab
Rab (grad)

Sudbeni kotar Rab


Bad Ronald - Ronald cel rău este un roman horror din 1973 scris de Jack Vance și publicat prima dată de Ballantine Books. A fost adaptat într-un film  thriller realizat pentru televiziune cu același nume în 1974, precum și într-o producție franceză (Méchant garçon) în 1992.

Romanul Bad Ronald a primit Prix Mystère de la critique în 1980 (pentru cel mai bun roman străin, nu în limba franceză).

Rezumat

Ronald Wilby, un băiat de 17 ani cu părinții divorțați, locuiește împreună cu mama sa. Trăind primele sale îndemnuri sexuale, încearcă să violeze o fată (Lauren) pe care o ucide și o îngroapă sumar. După ce și-a uitat jacheta la locul crimei, el își mărturisește fapta mamei sale, care decide să o ascundă în casa sa. Apoi ea declară poliției că fiul ei a dispărut. Ronald trăiește în șopronul său, ieșind noaptea în restul casei. Când mama lui moare de stop cardiac, se găsește singur, parazit și voyeur invizibil, ascuns în inima casei, iar un cuplu și cele trei fiice ale acestora se mută în casă...

Primire
A primit Prix Mystère de la critique în 1980 pentru cel mai bun roman străin (nu în limba franceză).

Ecranizări
 1992 -  Méchant Garçon, film francez cinematografic regizat de Charles Gassot, cu Joachim Lombard și Catherine Hiegel
 1974 - Bad Ronald, film TV american regizat de Buzz Kulik, cu Scott Jacoby și Pippa Scott

Note

Romane de Jack Vance
Romane din 1973
Romane de groază
Romane americane

Bad Ronald (roman)


GoodMills  România este un furnizor de produse din făină, fiind lider pe piața de morărit din România. Face parte din grupul austriac GoodMills Group, este una dintre cele mai vechi companii de profil din țară și, în prezent, deține branduri precum Raftul Bunicii și GoodMills Professional.

Istoric

 În 1999,  când Loulis Group a intrat pe piața din România, a preluat cele două fabrici de profil din Târgu Mureș și București.
 În 2007, GoodMills Group a cumpărat pachetul de acțiuni de la Loulis Group. În urma acestei tranzacții, Loulis Group și-a schimbat denumirea în Titan SA.
 În 2014, Goodmills Group preia Titan SA și îi schimbă numele în GoodMills România.
 În 2016, GoodMills a vândut divizia de retail și cea de produse de panificație proaspete, rămânând doar cu divizia de morărit și cu o parte din divizia de panificație.
 În 2016, GoodMills lansează făina "Raftul bunicii".

Producție
GoodMills  România are în momentul de față două unități de producție, una în București și una în Târgu Mureș.

Unitatea de producție din București (Complexul Pantelimon) are o capacitate anuală de procesare de 223.000 de tone și următoarele facilități:

 2 mori de grâu Bühler;
 1 moară de porumb Bühler.

Portofoliul de produse al companiei GoodMills include atat produse pentru acasă (făină 000, făină 650, mălai, griș), cât și produse profesionale (făină pizza, făină foietaj, făină cozonac, făină 550, făină clasică, făină pentru biscuiți, făină pentru napolitane, făină neagră, făină semialbă).

Rezultate financiare
Cota de piață:

 2017: 7.45%
 2016: 9.57%
 2015: 9.28%
 2014: 9.74%
 2013: 10.24%
 2012: 9.57%
 2011: 10.72%
 2010: 9.54%
 2009: 10.46%
 2008: 10.82%

Cifra de afaceri:

 2018: 243.776.322 RON
 2017: 209.633.259 RON
 2016: 299.887.877 RON
 2015: 314.717.603 RON
 2014: 311.198.756 RON
 2013: 322.044.107 RON
 2012: 291.727.881 RON
 2011: 338.268.130 RON
 2010: 260.114.259 RON
 2009: 242.272.593 RON
 2008: 294.472.572 RON

Număr de angajați:

 2018: 192
 2017: 241
 2016: 706
 2015: 912
 2014: 924
 2013: 897
 2012: 857
 2011: 872
 2010: 881
 2009: 962

Profit net:

 2018: -842.917 RON
 2017: 3.078.028 RON
 2016: -45.636.681 RON
 2015: 6.451.089 RON
 2014: -13.391.446 RON
 2013: 558.500 RON
 2012: -7.325.430 RON
 2011: 8.287.814 RON
 2010: -348.594 RON
 2009: 7.675.350 RON
 2008: 9.794.487 RON

Note

Legături externe
 https://www.goodmills.ro/
 https://raftulbunicii.ro/

Societăți_comerciale
Fabrici_din_România
Companii_din_București
Companii din industria alimentară din România
Fondări în 1999

GoodMills România


Fata cu ochii verzi este un film românesc din 2015 regizat de Mihai Mihăescu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Tatiana Grigore, Claudia Chiraș, Andrei Grigore Sava.

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2015 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2015
Filme de comedie românești

Fata cu ochii verzi


Joseph Anthony Fiorenza (Beaumont, 25 de janeiro de 1931 – 19 de setembro de 2022) foi Arcebispo Sênior de Galveston-Houston.

Carreira
Joseph Anthony Fiorenza foi ordenado sacerdote para a Diocese de Galveston em 29 de maio de 1954.

O Papa João Paulo II o nomeou Bispo de San Angelo em 4 de setembro de 1979. O Arcebispo de San Antonio, Patrick Fernández Flores, o consagrou em 25 de outubro do mesmo ano; Co-consagradores foram John Louis Morkovsky, Bispo de Galveston-Houston, e John Edward McCarthy, Bispo Auxiliar de Galveston-Houston.

Ele foi nomeado bispo de Galveston-Houston em 6 de dezembro de 1984, e foi empossado em 18 de fevereiro do ano seguinte. Com a elevação da diocese a arquidiocese em 29 de dezembro de 2004, foi nomeado arcebispo de Galveston-Houston. Em 28 de fevereiro de 2006, o Papa Bento XVI aceitou sua renúncia por aposentadoria por idade.

Ligações externas

Bispos católicos dos Estados Unidos

Joseph Anthony Fiorenza


Arbroath Football Club is a semi-professional Scottish football club based in the town of Arbroath, Angus. They currently play in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded in 1878 and plays home matches at Gayfield Park. They play in maroon strips and are nicknamed "The Red Lichties" due to the red light that used to guide fishing boats back from the North Sea to the Burgh's harbour. The Red Lichties share a long-standing and fierce rivalry with local neighbours Montrose, as well as with fellow local sides Forfar Athletic and Brechin City.

History

Record score

The Red Lichties most notable and lasting accomplishment is to hold the world record for the biggest victory in World senior football, set on 12 September 1885 when they beat Bon Accord 36–0 in a Scottish Cup match, with a further five to seven goals disallowed for offside. Jocky Petrie scored 13 goals in that game, a record for the most goals by a single player in a British senior match.

Recent history
The Red Lichties have had mixed success in recent years. In the 1996–97 season they hit the bottom of Scottish senior football as they finished last in the Third Division. However, the following season they were promoted back to the Second Division. They spent three years at this level before winning promotion to the First Division. They finished 7th in their first season in the First Division, 13 points clear of relegation troubles. However, in the 2002–03 season, the Red Lichties struggled badly, and finished bottom of the table, 20 points adrift of penultimate side Alloa Athletic. In the 2003–04 season, the Red Lichties narrowly avoided back-to-back relegations, as they escaped the drop on the last day of the season. In 2004–05, however, there was no escaping a 3–0 defeat at Dumbarton on 30 April 2005, which consigned the Red Lichties to the Third Division for the following season.
The club rose from the depths of the Third Division to the heights of the First Division, then fell back down to the basement league in the next few seasons. However, under manager John McGlashan, the Red Lichties competed at the top of Division 3, finishing 4th in their first season and second in the next, reaching both divisional play-offs in seasons 2005–06 and 2006–07, although failing to gain promotion. They finished fourth in Division 3 and disposed of Cowdenbeath 2–1 on aggregate thanks to a late extra time winner from Robbie Raeside in the semifinal. Stranraer were the opponents in the play-off final and the Red Lichties ran out 2–0 winners in the home tie first leg at Gayfield Park thanks to a Robbie Raeside header and a Barry Sellars strike. At Stranraer, the Red Lichties goal was pummelled for much of the match and they spent much of the second half down to 10 men after Craig Tully had been red-carded. Although one goal was conceded, a resolute defence saw the Red Lichties hold on for a 2–1 aggregate win and promotion.

The Red Lichties managed to consolidate their position in Division 2 in 2008–09. The season had started well but a narrow defeat in the Scottish League Cup at Gayfield Park on penalties to Scottish Premiership side Inverness Caledonian Thistle FC, triggered a sequence of losses and the club found themselves in the bottom half of the table. The performances were boosted by loan additions such as Steven Doris, Craig Forsyth, ex-Scotland international Colin Cameron and they got results when it mattered. Safety was all but assured with a narrow 1–0 win over Queens Park at Hampden Park, courtesy of a fine Robbie Ross strike and a 2–0 victory over Stranraer at Gayfield Park with goals from Ross and Forsyth. A 2–2 draw against Peterhead and a 0–0 draw against Raith Rovers in May was enough to seal 7th spot.

During season 2009–10, results seemed to go into freefall after a 6–0 home defeat to St Johnstone in the Scottish League Cup early in the season. John McGlashan resigned to be replaced by Jim Weir who after a mixed start eventually rallied the Red Lichties to a spirited last few weeks of the season. With a win needed against East Fife to avoid the play-offs, the side threw everything they had in the last 20 minutes to find a winner but to no avail. After beating Queens Park in the play-off semifinal, their season ended with a 2–0 loss to Forfar Athletic in the final. Weir resigned to take up the vacant position at Brechin City and was replaced, on 27 May, by Paul Sheerin.

On 23 April 2011, the Red Lichties defeated local rivals Montrose 4–1 to win the 2010–11 Third Division title, securing the club's first senior honours in their 133-year history and a return to Second Division at their first attempt. The next few seasons in the third tier (renamed League One) were mixed. A tremendous first season playing lively attacking football saw them run champions Cowdenbeath closely, more than matching them in head-to-head encounters but lacking the professional edge to grind out other results and losing the final three. The Red Lichties finished on 60 points and went out in the playoff semifinal. In 2012–13, a fairly mediocre season saw them end up in 5th spot, on 52 points just pipped for the final playoff spot. One highlight was a 3rd Round Scottish Cup tie at Celtic Park, drawing 1–1 and then exiting in the replay after an equaliser was controversially ruled out.

Season 2013–14 was disastrous. After an average start, a run of 14 games without a win saw the Red Lichties end up bottom of the pile on 31 points and automatically relegated. The attack-minded and purist emphasis of manager Sheerin, who continued as player-manager, meant most fans stayed supportive. Some poor signings were costly. The Red Lichties thus experienced their fourth relegation in 11 years. Sheerin left Gayfield Park in June 2014 to take up a post with the Under-20 side at Aberdeen. Allan Moore was subsequently appointed with Todd Lumsden as assistant. On Sunday, 12 April 2015, after a string of poor results in which the side only won once in 16 games, Moore was relieved of his duties as Manager and Lumsden took the helm. The team had been sitting at the top of the table by eight points in December but ended up finishing third and subsequently lost 3–2 on aggregate to Queens Park in the Play Off Semifinal.

The team performed poorly under the management of Todd Lumsden in season 2015–16 which was reflected by a lowly league position. With relegation into the Highland League a real threat, Lumsden was sacked in March 2016. Dick Campbell was then appointed and was able to steer the team to safety, finishing 9th and ahead of East Stirlingshire who were subsequently relegated after losing the play off to Lowland League champions Edinburgh City.

The 2016–17 season saw a massive turnaround under the helm of Campbell. They spent much of the season in second place behind Forfar Athletic and in early February were 11 points behind their Angus neighbours after a 1–0 defeat by the Loons at Gayfield Park. The Red Lichties however clawed that difference back and after the penultimate game of the season's 3–2 win against Elgin City, found themselves a point ahead at the top of the table with an away match against Stirling Albion remaining. An astonishing 1200 fans travelled to Forthbank to witness a 1–1 draw but with Forfar unexpectedly losing at home to Annan 4–2, the title was secured.

The 2018–19 season saw Arbroath line-up alongside the three other Angus sides in the same League for the first time in 25 years. Despite having to compete with full-time Raith Rovers, the club led from the opening day to win a second promotion in three years and a first league title win in the third tier. The Championship was secured on 13 April with a 1–1 draw at local rivals Brechin.

Returning to the second tier for the first time since being relegated in the 2002–03 season, Arbroath were never in any real danger of an immediate return to League One and spent most of the season on the fringe of the promotion playoff positions. Highlights of the League campaign included two victories against Inverness Caledonian Thistle and a 1–0 win against Dundee United, which made Arbroath the only side to defeat the eventual champions at Tannadice in the League that season. When the season was brought to an early conclusion, Campbell had led Arbroath to an impressive 5th-place finish.

Arbroath's good form continued into the first half of the 2021–22 season; as of the beginning of 2022 they were sitting close to the top of the Championship, and in with a serious chance of gaining promotion to the top flight for the first time since the 1974–75 season.

Stadium
The Red Lichties Gayfield Park is not the club's original ground, which was nearby and was known as Lesser Gayfield. The current ground is the closest to the sea in Britain, a traditional style ground exposed to the elements, where opposition fans mixing as they change ends at half time to stand behind the goal their side is attacking was observed until only a few years ago. There is terracing on three sides and enclosed stands on all four sides. On stormy winter days, waves beat on the walls surrounding the ground.

Rivalries

Arbroath's main rivalry is with Montrose. The first meeting of the sides was in 1888 and Arbroath ran out 6–2 winners. They also have lesser rivalries with fellow senior Angus clubs Brechin City and Forfar Athletic. In the 2018–2019 season, all four senior Angus teams competed in Scottish League One.

First-team squad

On loan

Club officials

Coaching staff
Manager: Dick Campbell
Assistant manager: Ian Campbell
First-team coach: Stuart Malcolm
First-team coach: John Young
Goalkeeping coach: Rab Douglas
Head of recruitment: Barry Sellars
Recruitment assistant: Craig Ireland
Club doctor: Callum Innes
Sports scientist: Greg Whyte
Sports therapist: Craig Reynolds
Kit manager: Louise Walker

Executive
Chairman: Mike Caird
Vice chairman: Ewen West
Secretary: Dr Gary Callon
Treasurer: Robert Sim
Directors: Douglas Bain, Jonathan Booth, Brian Cargill, Anne McKeown, Gary Moir

Managers

 Bob McGlashan (1927–1946)
 Archie Anderson (1946–1949)
 Alec Cheyne (1949–1955)
 Tommy Gray (1955–1957)
 Chris Anderson (1957–1960)
 John Prentice (1960–1962)
 Bert Henderson (1962–1980)
 Ian Stewart (1980–82)
 George Fleming (1982–1985)
 Jimmy Bone (1985–1987)
 John Young (1987–1990)
 Ian Gibson (1990–1991)
 Walter Borthwick (1991)
 Mickey Lawson (1991–1992)
 Danny McGrain (1992–1994)
 Jocky Scott (1994)
 George Mackie (1994–1995) with  Donald Park (1994)
 John Brogan (1995–1996)
 Tommy Campbell (1996–1997)
 Dave Baikie (1997–2000)
 John Brownlie (2000–2003)
 Stevie Kirk (2003–2004)
 Harry Cairney (2004–2005)
 John McGlashan (2005–2009)
 Jim Weir (2009–2010)
 Paul Sheerin (2010–2014)
 Allan Moore (2014–2015)
 Todd Lumsden (2015–2016)
 Dick Campbell (2016– )

Honours

League
Level 2 (Scottish Division Two, Scottish B Division, Scottish First Division, Scottish Championship): Runners-up: 1934–35, 1958–59, 1967–68, 1971–72, 2021–22

Level 3 (Scottish Division Three, Scottish C Division, Scottish Second Division, Scottish League One): Winners: 2018–19 Runners-up: 2000–01, 2011–12

Level 4 (Scottish Third Division, Scottish League Two): Winners 2010–11, 2016–17 Runners-up: 1997–98, 2006–07 Play-off winners 2007–08

National cup competitions
Scottish Cup Semi-finalists: 1946–47

Scottish League Cup Semi-finalists: 1959–60

Scottish Youth Cup Semi-finalists: 2001–02

Scottish Challenge Cup Semi-finalists: 2012–13

Scottish Qualifying Cup: Winners 1903 Runners-up: 1899, 1912

Minor
Reserve League Cup 2003, Combined Reserve League 1964, Northern League 1891–92, Forfarshire County League (joint) 1908–09, Dewar Shield 1937–38

Arbroath were the first winners of the Forfarshire Cup in 1883 and have won the trophy 17 times since then.
Winners in 1883–84, 1887–88, 1889–90, 1892–93, 1895–96, 1896–97, 1906–07, 1913–14, 1920–21, 1923–24, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1957–58, 1993–94, 1995–96

Club records
Biggest win: 36–0 vs Bon Accord, 12 September 1885, Scottish Cup (World record)
Biggest defeat: 1–9 vs Celtic, 25 August 1993, League Cup
Highest home attendance: 13,510 vs Rangers, 23 February 1952, Scottish Cup
Highest average home attendance: 4,780, 1959–60 season (17 games)
Most capped player: Ned Doig, 5 (2 whilst with Arbroath), Scotland
Most league appearances: 426, Tom Cargill, 1966–80
Most league goals in a season by a player: 45, David Easson, 1958–59

References

External links
 Arbroath Mad fan site
 Relichtie historic nostalgia site

Football clubs in Scotland
Association football clubs established in 1878
Football clubs in Angus, Scotland
1878 establishments in Scotland
Scottish Football League teams
Scottish Professional Football League teams

Arbroath F.C.


Proiectul Amerika denumit și Amerika Bomber, a fost un program inițiat de Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM -  Ministerul aviației Reich-ului) în al doilea război mondial, în vederea realizării planului de a bombarda S.U.A.. Acesta viza bombardarea strategică a principalelor orașe nord americane pornind de la baze aeriene din Franța sau Insulele Azore.

Concepție
În anul 1940, Luftwaffe a solicitat principalilor constructori germani de avioane Messerschmitt, Junkers, Heinkel, Focke-Wulf, Horten Brothers), prezentarea unor proiecte pentru construirea de bombardiere capabile să ajungă pe coasta de est a S.U.A. Planurile acestora, împreună cu țintele vizate, au fost prezentate lui Hitler pe 27 aprilie 1942.

Bombardiere convenționale
Proiectul consta în trimiterea a trei bombardiere convenționale Messerschmitt Me 264, Junkers JU 390, și Focke-Wulf Ta 400 însoțite de avioane de luptă cu rază lungă de acțiune până pe coasta de est, al căror scop era distrugerea principalelor orașe și companii pentru slăbirea potențialului productiv al S.U.A.

Bombardier atomic
Proiectul Amerika prevedea și trimiterea unui bombardier "invizibil" supersonic, care să poată transporta o bombă nucleară, în vederea distrugerii orașului New York.
Un astfel de bombardier a fost conceput de Reimar și Walter Horten și construit de Gothaer Waggonfabrik. Primul prototip Horten Ho 229, a zburat pe 1 martie 1944, iar până în 1945 au fost construite în total 3 unități.

Huckepack Projekt
Acesta consta din avioane de luptă mici Dornier Do 217 purtate de avioane grele ca Heinkel He 177 până aproape de coasta americană pentru a fi eliberate acolo; avionul Dornier urma să fie abandonat după încheierea misiunii, iar echipajul recuperat de un submarin.

Dailmer-Benz Project C, un alt avion greu de tranport, urma să care 5 avioane kamikaze "Project E" sau 6 avioane "Project F".

Rachete zburătoare
Alte soluții au fost bombele zburătoare. Una dintre cele mai cunoscute a fost Silbervogel  concepută de Eugen Sänger la sfîrșitul anilor 1930.

Țintele potențiale
Acestea sunt o parte din țintele vizate, conform unei copii a documentului original găsit la Potsdam în Polonia de către istoricul german Olaf Groehler:
Aluminum Corp. of America – Alcoa, Tennessee și Massena, New York
Wright Aeronautical Corp.  – Paterson, New Jersey și Cincinnati, Ohio
Allis-Chalmers – La Porte, Indiana
Allison Division of G.M. – Indianapolis, Indiana
American Car & Foundry – Berwick, Pennsylvania
Bausch & Lomb – Rochester, New York
Chrysler Corp. – Detroit, Michigan
Colt's Manufacturing Company – Hartford, Connecticut
Corning Glass Works – Corning, New York
Cryolite Refinery – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania și Cryolite Mine – Arsuk, Groenlanda
Curtiss Wright Corp. – Beaver, Pennsylvania și Caldwell, New Jersey
Hamilton Standard Corp.– East Hartford, Connecticut și Pawcatuck, Connecticut
Pratt & Whitney – East Hartford, Connecticut
Sperry Corporation – Brooklyn, New York.

Proiectul Amerika a fost abandonat de către RLM datorită lipsei fondurilor alocate industriei de război germane.

Note

Vezi și
 V-1

Legături externe
 German Amerika Bomber Projects of World War 2
 Mystery 1945 German Hypersonic Bomber Prototype?

Al Doilea Război Mondial
Germania nazistă
Documente oficiale naziste

Proiectul Amerika


Die Lodore Falls sind ein Wasserfall im Lake District, Cumbria, England. Der Watendlath Beck fällt in den Lodore Falls rund 30 m tief hinunter, bevor er kurz danach in den Derwent Water See mündet.

Der Wasserfall ist nach Trockenperioden oft nur sehr klein, nach starken Regenfällen jedoch reißend.

Der Dichter Samuel Taylor Coleridge nannte die Lodore Falls das beste am Lake District und verglich sie mit dem Sturz der gefallenen Engel aus dem Himmel, so wie er ihn von John Milton in Paradise Lost als ein erhabenes Bild geschildert sah.

Der Lake Poet Robert Southey hat 1820 ein Gedicht (The Catarct of Lodore, auch bekannt als How does the water come down at Lodore ?) über den Wasserfall geschrieben.

Einzelnachweise

Quellen
 Keswick – Lodore Falls auf Visit Cumbria.
 Robert Southley  auf Visit Cumbria.

Wasserfall in Europa
WLodore Falls
Wasserfall in England
Gewässer in North West England

Lodore Falls


Mariakirken i den østrigske by Maria Saal er en sengotisk valfartskirke. Den første kirke på stedet blev bygget i 700-tallet af biskop Modestus, som var kommet til Kärnten for at omvende befolkningen til kristendommen. Maria Saal blev religiøst centrum og biskopsæde frem til 900-tallet. I 1400-tallet blev kirken ombygget til en treskibet gotisk kirke med to store tårne og blev omgivet med et forsvarsanlæg. I 1669 brændte kirken men blev genopbygget.

I kirkens sydlige ydermur blev indmuret talrige gravsten og reliefsten fra romersk tid. Reliefstenene stammer fra den nærliggende romerske ruinby Virunum, blandt andet et relief der forestiller en romersk rejsevogn med en piskesvingende kusk og et relief med pantre og vinranker. Gravstenene er fra 1400-1700-tallet og i varierende stil.

Kirkens inventar er fra gotikken og barokken. Lofts- og vægmalerierne er fra 1400-tallet med undtagelse af et freskomaleri over porten til sakristiet, som først blev skabt af Herbert Boeckl i 1923.

Uden for kirken findes et gotisk benhus med en lysholder, hvor et "evigt brændende lys" skulle beskytte de døde mod onde ånder. Et forsvarstårn som er del af det forsvarsanlæg, som omgiver kirken, er tilbygget benhuset.

Galleri

Eksterne henvisninger
 Församlingens webbplats

Kirker i Østrig
Kärnten

Pilgrimskirken i Maria Saal


A cantus (Latin for "singing", derived from cantare), is an activity organised by Belgian, Dutch, German, French, and Baltic fraternities. A cantus mainly involves singing traditional songs and drinking beer. It is governed by strict traditional rules. The use of this dates back a few centuries and was inspired by German student organisations; however some of the songs that are sung date back to the Middle Ages. Cantus probably shares same roots with commercium, sitsit and tableround.

Currently, the world record for biggest traditional cantus is in the hands of the Eurekaweek, based in Rotterdam, who welcomed 4594 officially registered guests during their 2019 cantus and 6200 in 2023.

Codex

The songs are compiled in what the students refer to as the codex, which contains the club anthems of most student organisations and hundreds of songs in various languages, such as Dutch, French, English, German, Latin and Afrikaans. They usually have easy and familiar melodies. Nearly all of the songs predate World War II and refer to either drinking, the student's (love) life or the history and past of the home country, city or region. For this reason, some songs are typically sung more by students of one city or another, e.g. students from Ghent will not sing songs about Leuven and vice versa, or they will simply replace instances of one city with another. Also due to the old nature of the songs, some of them have in recent years been controversial because they are perceived to be sexist, right-wing or racist.

In Antwerp, Hasselt, Leuven and Aalst the codex used is that published by the KVHV (Katholiek Vlaams Hoogstudentenverbond or Catholic Flemish Students Union). In Brussels, the Flemish codex is published jointly by Polytechnische Kring and Brussels Senioren Konvent. In Ghent they also used to use the KVHV codex but since 2012 the SC Ghent (Studentikoos Centrum Ghent) has started to publish a codex catering more specifically to the student societies in Ghent. And at the end of that same year the SC Ghent started publishing a codex for the societies in West Flanders, mainly  Courtrai.

The French-speaking students from Brussels use the Carpe Diem published by the Guilde Polytechnique or Les Fleurs du Mâle published by the Union des Anciens Etudiants de l'ULB. Those who are from Catholics highschools and universities of Brussels and Wallonia mostly choose Le Bitu Magnifique published by the Academicus Sanctae Barbae Ordo.

The biggest Belgian codex is the Florex published by the Corporation Brabantia Bruxelliensis, both in French and Dutch, with more than 2300 pages divided into two parts.

Structure of a cantus

The cantus is led by the senior. In most cases, the senior is the praeses (president) of the student organisation that organises the cantus. He or she is responsible for keeping order at the cantus and can punish people who disrupt it. These punishments usually involve the drinking of beer in unusual, humorous or sometimes degrading ways if the culprit has committed a grave offence. The rest of the attending people are called the 'corona' (Latin for 'circle'). The senior can be aided by the ab actis and the cantor (Latin for 'singer'). Another group of people at a cantus with a special status are the so-called proseniores (singular: prosenior), former presidents of the student's club.

A special group at the cantus are the so-called 'schachten' (in Dutch) or 'bleus' (in French). They often are freshmen or first-year students and have the lowest status at the cantus itself, but students can also decide to join the club later in their studies. Some clubs even include special rites for attaining the position of schacht, with the preceding status of fetus. The schachten are, among other things, responsible for the distribution of the beer. They are not part of the corona and are supervised by the schachtenmeester or schachtentemmer in less (Dutch for 'tamer of freshmen') (in French, they're called 'Président de baptême' or 'maître des bleus'), who answers only to the authority of the senior.

People at a cantus use special formulae, usually in Latin. For example, after a song, a senior can order the corona to drink collectively. They can do this by either saying 'prosit corona' (after which the corona responds with 'prosit senior') a few times, or by using the formula 'ad exercissimum sanctissimi salamandris omnes commilitones qui adsunt, surgite', to which the corona replies 'surgimus' whilst rising ('onwards to the exercise of the most sacred salamander, all of you fellow students present, rise' and 'we rise'). Then the senior has the choice of either ordering 'ad libitum' (drink as you please, which should be 'ad libidinem' in more accurate Latin) or the more famous and notorious 'ad fundum' (literally: to the bottom, or drink until the glass is empty). The corona can also start such a drinking procedure if it collectively begins with 'prosit senior'. This is usually a manner of teasing the senior or testing their ability to withstand huge amounts of alcohol.

Normally, people at a cantus are required to remain silent (although most seniors are fairly tolerant in this regard), and if they want to address the corona or the senior, they should ask the senior for permission first, by asking 'senior, peto verbum' (senior, I request to speak, lat. "I request a word"). They can reply by 'habeas' (lat. "you have it") or 'non habeas' (lat. "you do not have it"). Most of the time the request is granted. At a cantus, people wear hats and sashes that tell something about their status in student life (e.g. broad sashes for members of the presidium, small sashes around the right shoulder for commilitones and small sashes around the left shoulder for the schachten). Not all student clubs hold on to this tradition, however. In some towns the use of hats and/or sashes is identified with the extreme-right.

See also
Tableround (University)
Belgian Codex (in French)

References

External links
 Guilde Polytechnique
 Cantus: poetry book by Brad Dehler

Student societies in Belgium
Student societies in the Netherlands
Student societies in South Africa
Academic meals
Dutch songs

Cantus


Pitarul Hristache (sfârșitul sec. al XVIII-lea – începutul sec. al XIX-lea) a fost un boiernaș din Țara Românească, devenit cunoscut ca poet și cronicar. El este autorul cronicii Istoria faptelor lui Mavroghene Vodă și a răzmiriței din timpul lui, pe la 1790.

Biografie
Hristache era un mic boier, care a trăit probabil în timpul domniei lui Nicolae Mavrogheni (1786-1790). Nu se cunosc alte amănunte referitoare la viața sa. Pitarul Hristache a scris în 1817 o cronică romanțată în versuri, intitulată Istoria faptelor lui Mavroghene Vodă și a răzmiriței din timpul lui, pe la 1790, folosind probabil o cronică versificată mai veche care s-a păstrat sau cronica lui Dionisie Fotino, în care a relatat într-un mod senzaționalist întâmplările petrecute în timpul domniei lui Mavrogheni.

Istoria... nu urmărește o reconstituire istorică a epocii, ci evocă unele întâmplări ieșite din comun utile pentru a contura portretul unui domnitor bizar. Cronica este împărțită în două momente epice: perioada de până la Războiul Ruso-Austro-Turc (1787–1792) în care autorul prezintă cu ironie activitatea unui domnitor imprevizibil, plin de ciudățenii, și perioada războiului, în care atitudinea autorului față de Mavrogheni se schimbă, înfățișându-l de această dată ca un conducător energic și înțelept, care-i împiedică pe turci să jefuiască Țara Românească.

Cu toate că este o scriere subiectivă, cronica versificată a pitarului Hristache este, în opinia istoricului literar Dumitru Murărașu, "un interesant document al vremii". Cronicarul realizează un portret plastic, plin de culoare, al domnitorului și un portret burlesc al caimacamului temporar Dimitrăchiță Turnavitu, descriind întâmplări importante precum intrarea turcilor în București.

Hristache folosește un vers scurt în stil popular, cu o rimă ușoară, uneori forțată. Ritmul povestirii este unul alert. Limbajul familiar și plin de un umor, specific mahalalelor bucureștene, prefigurează stilul lui Anton Pann, în timp ce descrierea unor situații comice conține asemănări cu epopeea lui Ion Budai Deleanu. Cronica lui Hristache este alcătuită din numeroase descrieri, cu tentă hiperbolizantă, în care autorul face exces de epitete. Autorul dovedește o mare dragoste de țară și simpatie pentru poporul său, manifestând în același timp o ură puternică împotriva grecilor și nemților veniți ca să ajute țara, dar interesați în realitate doar de propria căpătuială.

Analizând unele asemănări istorico-literare și lingvistice, istoricul literar Neculai Alexandru Ursu a susținut că pitarul Hristache ar putea fi pitarul H. Ioanide, care a colaborat cu versuri și proză, în perioada 1841-1844, în revista Foaie pentru minte, inimă și literatură.

În prezent o stradă din sectorul 1 al municipiului București, care intersectează Calea Dorobanților dinspre est, poartă denumirea Hristache Pitarul.

Opera
 Istoria faptelor lui Mavroghene Vodă și a răzmiriței din timpul lui, pe la 1790. Scrisă la 1817, ediție îngrijită de Cezar Bolliac, în Buciumul, anul I, 1863, nr. 7 și 9-10; reprodusă în V. A. Urechia, Istoria românilor, vol. III, Inst. de Arte Grafice "Carol Göbl", București, 1893, pp. 451-462;
 Povestea mavroghenească, introducere și note de Gheorghe Adamescu, Müller, București, [1896];
 Cronici și povestiri românești versificate, studiu și ediție critică de Dan Simonescu, București, 1967, pp. 258-281.

Note

Bibliografie
 Aurel Sasu, Dicționar biografic al literaturii române A-L, vol. I, Ed. Paralela 45, București, 2004, p. 740.
 Constantin Teodorovici, "Hristache, pitarul", în vol. Academia RSR, Dicționarul literaturii române de la origini pînă la 1900, Editura Academiei RSR, București, 1979, pp. 442-443.
 Gheorghe Perian, A doua tradiție. Poezia naivă românescă de la origini până la Anton Pann, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 2003, pp. 49-52.

Boieri din Țara Românească
Cronicari români
Poeți români

Pitarul Hristache


Fabrizio Bentivoglio (* 4. Januar 1957 in Mailand) ist ein italienischer Schauspieler.

Leben
Bentivoglio war Nachwuchsspieler für den Fußballverein Inter Mailand. Gleichzeitig besuchte er die Schule des "Piccolo Teatro" seiner Heimatstadt, wo er in Shakespeares Timon von Athen unter Regisseur Carlo Rivolta debütierte. In der Folgezeit war er Partner von u. a. Romolo Valli, Giorgio De Lullo und Mario Scaccia. 1979 begann auch seine Kinokarriere, die er allerdings erst zehn Jahre später – auch bedingt durch die Begegnung mit Gabriele Salvatores, der ihn in mehreren Filmen besetzte – intensivierte. Als Vertreter einer teils verzweifelten, aber auch ironisierenden Generation spielte er in einigen bedeutenden und erfolgreichen Filmen der 1990er Jahre. Für seine Leistung in Un'anima divisa erhielt er den Coppa Volpi bei den Filmfestspielen Venedig. 1996 und 2000 konnte er diesen Erfolg wiederholen. 1997 und 1999 gewann er jeweils einen David di Donatello, vier weitere Male war er nominiert; sechs Nominierungen für ein Silbernes Band blieben bislang ohne Gewinn.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1980: Der Bandit mit den schwarz-blauen Augen (Il bandito dagli occhi azzurri)
 1981: Die Kameliendame (La storia vera della signora dalle camelie)
 1982: Das Vatikan-Komplott (Morte in Vaticano)
 1986: Salome (Salomè)
 1987: Via Mintenapoleone (Via Montenapoleone)
 1988: Apartment Zero (Apartment Zero)
 1990: Italien – Deutschland 4:3 (Italia-Germania 4 a 3)
 1991: Der rote Amerikaner (Americano rosso)
 1992: Netz der Vergangenheit (La fine è nota)
 1993: Un'anima divisa in due
 1994: Der Fall Sindona (Un eroe borghese)
 1994: Wahlverwandtschaften (Le affinità elettive)
 1996: Augenzeuge in Gefahr (Testimone a rischio)
 1996: Pianese Nunzio – 14 im Mai (Pianese Nunzio, 14 anni a Maggio)
 1998: Die Ewigkeit und ein Tag (Mia aioniotita kai mia mera)
 1998: Ist Liebe nur ein Wort? (La parola amore esiste)
 1999: La balia
 1999: The Missing (The Missing)
 2003: Ricordati di me
 2006: La terra
 2011: Scialla! Eine Geschichte in Rom (Scialla!)
 2013: Die süße Gier (Il capitale umano)
 2018: Loro – Die Verführten (Loro)
 2019: Der Name der Rose (The Name of The Rose) (Fernsehserie)
 2020: Die unglaubliche Geschichte der Roseninsel (L'incredibile storia dell'Isola delle Rose)

Weblinks

 Biografie bei mymovies (italienisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Italiener
Geboren 1957
Mann

Fabrizio Bentivoglio


Ventspils (; , ; see other names) is a state city in northwestern Latvia in the historical Courland region of Latvia, and is the sixth largest city in the country.

At the beginning of 2020, Ventspils had a population of 33,906. It is situated on the Venta River and the Baltic Sea, and has an ice-free port. The city's name literally means "castle on the Venta", referring to the Livonian Order's castle built alongside the Venta River.

Other names
Ventspils was historically known as Windau in German.

A Russian name from the time of the Russian Empire was Виндава (Vindava) or Виндау (Vindau) although Вентспилс (Ventspils) has been used since World War II.

Some other names for the city include , Estonian: Vindavi, and .

History
Ventspils developed around the Livonian Order Ventspils Castle, built along the Venta River. It was chartered in 1314 and became an important mercantile city of the Hanseatic League.

As part of the Duchy of Courland, Ventspils blossomed as a shipbuilding centre. 44 warships and 79 trading ships were built in the town, and it was from Ventspils that the Duke's fleet set out to colonize Gambia and Tobago. Metal, amber, and wood-working shops also became important to the city's development.

During the Polish-Swedish War and the Great Northern War, Ventspils was destroyed, and in 1711 a plague wiped out most of the remaining inhabitants. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795 Ventspils fell under the control of Russian Empire.

It was not until about 1850 that shipbuilding and trade became important again. The port was modernized in the 1890s and connected to Moscow by rail. It became one of Imperial Russia's most profitable ports, by 1913 turning a yearly profit of 130 million rubles. The population soared as well, growing from 7,000 in 1897, to 29,000 in 1913.

During the German occupation from 1915 to 1919, the population decreased almost by half, though some returned home during the First Republic of Latvia (1918–1940).

In 1939, the Red Army established a base in Ventspils. Under Soviet rule, an oil pipeline was built to Ventspils, and became the USSR's leading port in crude oil export.  north of Ventspils is the ex-Soviet radioastronomy installation VIRAC (Ventspils Starptautiskais radioastronomijas centrs or Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre). The existence of the Centrs was unknown to most Latvians until 1994. After independence, the Latvian government began a city-beautification process to make the city more attractive to tourists.

In 2004, Ventspils was a host city for a multi-national (United States, United Kingdom, Poland, Sweden, Russia, Latvia, Denmark, Finland, Norway) naval exercise called Baltic Operations XXXIII (BALTOPS). The force was led by the guided missile cruiser [[USS Anzio (CG-68)|USS Anzio]] and the destroyer . The US vessels were the first American warships to visit the port of Ventspils since Latvian independence was declared.

Climate
Ventspils is in the transition zone between an oceanic climate and a humid continental climate (Cfb and Dfb in the Köppen climate classification) with winters just below freezing point and warm summers. Ventspils holds the national record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Latvia with  on 4 August 2014.LVGMC Twitter account . Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved 4 August 2014.

 Demography
At the beginning of 2017, Ventspils had an official population of 39,447 (54.3% of them were women compared with 45.7% men).

63% of Ventspils population (24,762 people) are 15–62 years old, 14.3% (5,647 people) are 0–14 years old, and 22.6% (8,877 people) are 62 years and over.

Population of Ventspils according to ethnic group:

 Education
Institutions of higher education and science include:
 Ventspils University College
 Riga Technical University, Ventspils branch
 Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy, Ventspils branch
 College of Law, Ventspils branch

 Economy

Ventspils is situated at the mouth of the Venta River, where it empties into the Baltic Sea, and is an important ice-free port. Large amounts of oil and other mineral resources from Russia are loaded aboard ships at Ventspils. Ventspils Airport, one of the three international airports in Latvia, is located in the city. Ventspils High Technology Park provides infrastructure and services to IT and electronics companies.

 Culture

Every winter Ventspils hosts the awarding ceremony of the Latvian Radio broadcast Musical Bank and the televised national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest. On the second weekend of July the Sea Festival takes place, and on the first weekend of August there is an annual city festival. Festivals "Ghetto games and Vakara pastaiga are popular.

There are several institutions taking responsibility for the cultural life of Ventspils, including:
 The Theatre House "Juras varti" presents professional performing arts of various genres.
 The Ventspils Museum is engaged in the research and the recording of the history of Ventspils. It writes the Ventspils City Chronicle, builds up the collections of the museum and carries out scientific work.
 The Ventspils Library is a municipal, cultural, educational, and information institution.
 The International Writers and Translators' House is an international centre for writers and translators.

Sport

Ventspils has a well developed sports infrastructure. One of the most popular sporting facility in Ventspils is the ''Olympic Centre 'Ventspils offering a basketball hall, ice hall, track-and-field arena, and football stadiums. One can also enjoy the Water Adventure Park,Seaside Aqua-Park, and Adventure Park that turns into a Skiing Hill 'Lemberga hūte during the winter.

The city has a basketball team that has won the Latvian championship in the last several years. In the 2001/2002 season, the team took third place in the North European Basketball League (NEBL). Ventspils also has a football team in FK Ventspils who compete in the Virsliga. In the 2006 season the team has won the Latvian championship for the first time.

 Adventure Park
Ventspils has an Adventure Park (Latvian: Piedzīvojumu parks) that consists of Tube Sliding Track, Airsoft Shooting Range, Bumper boats, Trampoline Complex, Trampoline with Rubber Ribbons, Mad Rotor, Catapult, Trampoline boat, Playhouse for children, Inflatable Attractions in the summer.

In the winter you can skiing, snowboarding and sledding.

There is also a rodeo track (Latvian: Rodeļu trase) which is available to use all year round

Ventspils has a  narrow gauge train; a beach and dunes and an observatory with a telescope and digital planetarium.

Old Town of Ventspils

Ventspils developed rapidly as a commercial harbour in the years of growth of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. The most active building works took place in the vicinity of the present Market Square where a number of former storehouses from the 17th century are preserved. A dwelling house at the crossing of Tirgus and Skolas Streets is one of the oldest houses of such type in Latvia (built in 1646).

Next to the Market Square, in a historical school building on Skolas street, there is the Ventspils House of the Crafts (2007). The International Writers' and Translators' House (2006) was opened on the premises of the former City Hall (1850), on the City-Hall Square. The building is reconstructed to accommodate creative work and everyday needs of its writers. Located next to it are the recently renovated Ventspils Central Library (2006) and Evangelic-Lutheran Church of Nicholas (1835). The City-Hall Square, the Market Square and the Ostas Street Promenade are popular walking places.

Cow sculptures

CowParade in Ventspils took place in 2002, and now several cow sculptures''' reside in the city:

 'Latvijas melnā' (Latvian Black Cow) dwells on the Promenade of Ostas iela;
 'Pretim gaismai' (Towards the Light) that usually climbs the lamp post on Pils iela next to 'Latvenergo' JSC;
 'Ms. Moo-Dunk' the basketball cow resides near the Basketball Hall of the Olympic Centre 'Ventspils';
 'Dzīve ir skaista' (Life is Beautiful) is situated at the Children's Park 'Bērnu pilsētiņa' (Children's Town);
 'Jūras govs' (Cow of the Sea) dwells next to the Livonian Order Castle facing the River Venta;
 'Nafta' (Oil) lives next to the Children's Home 'Selga';
 'Londonas govs' (London Cow) welcomes the residents of the camping site 'Piejūras kempings'.
There are also three considerably larger cows:
 'Ceļojošā govs' (Travelling Cow) is shaped like a huge suitcase and awaits the city guests on the Promenade of Ostas iela to take some pictures;
 'Govs-Matrozis' (The Sailor Cow) is a giant blue-coloured cow dressed as a seafarer and situated at the Southern Pier of Ventspils;
 'Šūpojošā govs' (Cow on the Swings) is a large, but cute and girly cow sitting on the swings not far from the excursion boat 'Hercogs Jēkabs'.

Notable people
Fred Rebell (1886–1968) – single-handed sailor
Dorothy Dworkin (1889-1976) – nurse, businesswoman, and philanthropist.
Fricis Kaņeps (1916–1981) – footballer
Francis Rudolph (1921–2005) – painter
Imant Raminsh (1943) – composer
Dzintars Ābiķis (1952) – politician
Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis (1962) – politician
Sandis Prūsis (1965) – bobsleigh pilot
Gundars Vētra (1967) – basketball star
Oleg Belozyorov (1969) - Russian politician and manager; serving as president of Russian Railways since August 20, 2015.
Ēriks Rags (1975) – javelin thrower
Gatis Gūts (1976) – bobsleigh pilot
Ingus Janevics (1986) – speedwalker
Rebeka Koha (1998) – Olympic weightlifter

Twin towns – sister cities

Ventspils is twinned with:
 Lorient, France
 Ningbo, China
 Novopolotsk, Belarus
 Polotsk, Belarus
 Stralsund, Germany
 Västervik, Sweden

Significant depictions in popular culture
 Windau (Ventspils) is one of the starting towns of the State of the Teutonic Order in the turn-based strategy game Medieval II: Total War: Kingdoms.
 Windau can be established in trading simulation game Patrician III as an Alderman Task

See also
 Ventspils Castle
 Ports of the Baltic Sea
 List of cities in Latvia

References

External links

 City's Official Website

Cities in Latvia
Republican cities of Latvia
Port cities in Latvia
Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea
Populated coastal places in Latvia
Windau County

Ventspils


Kosmos 2477, ruski navigacijski satelit (globalno pozicioniranje) iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je GLONASS-M (Glonass br. 745, Uragan M br. 745).
Lansiran je 4. studenoga 2011. godine u 12:51 UT s kozmodroma Bajkonura (Tjuratama) u Kazahstanu. Lansiran je u srednje visoku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Proton-M/Briz-M. Orbita mu je 19018 km u perigeju i 19178 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 64,79°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 37869. COSPARova oznaka je 2011-064-C. Zemlju obilazi u 674,46 minuta. Pri lansiranju bio je mase kg.

Još su dva satelita Glonassa poslana u ovoj misiji.

Razgonski blok (međuorbitni tegljač) Briz-M br. 99523 i njegov torusni spremnik su se odvojili. Tegljače je ostao u srednje visokoj orbiti nekoliko stotina kilometara niže od satelita, a torusni spremnik je završio u spljoštenoj visokoj orbiti kružiti oko Zemlje.

Izvori
Heavens-above (engl.)
 (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
Glonass  (rus.)
Glonass Constellation Status (engl.)
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2477


Dada, Dadaizm veya Dadacılık I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında başlamış kültürel ve sanatsal bir akımdır. Dada, Dünya Savaşı'nın barbarlığına, sanat alanındaki ve gündelik hayattaki entelektüel katılığa ve erotizme bir protesto olmuştur. Mantıksızlık ve var olan sanatsal düzenlerin reddedilmesi Dada'nın ana karakteridir.

Jean Arp, Richard Hülsenbeck, Tristan Tzara, Jacques Magnifico, Marcel Janco ve Emmy Hennings'in aralarında bulunduğu bir grup genç sanatçı ve savaş karşıtı, 1916 yılında Zürih'te Hugo Ball'in açtığı kafede toplandı. Dada bildirisi de burada açıklandı.

Dada isminin nereden geldiği konusunda kesin bilgi olmamakla beraber Fransızcada oyuncak tahta at anlamına gelen "Dada"nın, bu kişilerin yarattığı edebî akımın ismi olarak seçildiği yönünde bir görüş vardır.

Bu akım, dünyanın, insanların yıkılışından umutsuzluğa düşmüş, hiçbir şeyin sağlam ve sürekli olduğuna inanmayan bir felsefi yapıdan etkilenir. Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın ardından gelen boğuntu ve dengesizliğin akımıdır. Dadacı yazarlar, kamuoyunu şaşkınlığa düşürmek ve sarsmak istiyorlardı. Yapıtlarında alışılmış estetikçiliğe karşı çıkıyor, burjuva değerlerinin tiksinçliğini, pisliğini, iğrençliğini, berbatlığını, rezilliğini vurguluyorlardı.

Toplumda yerleşmiş anlam ve düzen kavramlarına karşı çıkarak dil ve biçimde yeni deneylere giriştiler. Çıkardıkları çok sayıda derginin içinde en önemlisi 1919-1924 arasında yayınlanan ve Andre Breton, Louis Aragon, Philippe Soupault, Paul Eluard ile Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes'in yazılarının yer aldığı "De Litterature"dü (dö Literatür). Dadacılık 1922 sonrasında etkinliğini yitirmeye başladı. Dadacılar sürrealizm akımına yöneldiler.

Neden Dada?
Dadaizm akımının yaratıcıları akımın ismini koymakta sözlükten yararlanmışlardır. Rastgele bir sayfa açan ve Fransızca çocuk dilinde "tahta at" anlamına gelen bu kelimeyle karşılaşan sanatçılar da akıma Dadaizm, Dadacılık adını vermiştir. Akımları edebiyatımızla karşılaştırıldığında Cumhuriyet Sonrası Edebiyat Döneminde ortaya çıkan 'Garip' topluluğuyla normları tanımamak, tabuları yıkmak gibi benzerlikler göstermektedir.

Manifestolardan örnekler
 Radikal Dadacı Manifesto (Türkçe)
 Dadaizm Nedir ve Almanya'da Ne Yapmak İstiyor? (Türkçe))

Dış bağlantılar
 Dada Manifestosu Hugo Ball (1916)
 Tristan Tzara'nın Dada Manifestosu (1918) ve Dada Dersi (1922)
 Dada Manifestosu Tristan Tzara (1918)
 Dada Manifestos (1921)
 Uluslararası Dada Arşivi. Yayınlanmış birçok Dada eserinin taratılmış görsellerini içerir.
 Dada Manifestosu 2001
 Dada Online
 Dadaizmin tanımı
 Dadaizm Kronolojisi
 Dada Sanatçıları
 Dada art. Dada'nın karakterlerini gösteren görseller içerir.
 Kes & Yapıştır - Fotomontaj Tarihi
 Bilgisayar üretimi rastgele metin.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Neo-Dada
 Marcel Duchamp
 L.H.O.O.Q.

Dadaizm


Grothusenkoog (Danca: Grothusen Kog), Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Nordfriesland iline bağlı yerleşim yeri. 3,27 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Aralık 2015 itibarıyla yaklaşık 21 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kilometrekare başına yaklaşık 6 kişilik bir nüfus yoğunluğuna sahiptir. Belediye Başkanlığı Klaus Ibs tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-eiderstedt.de

Kaynakça

Nordfriesland iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Grothusenkoog


Sabon-Guida (auch: Sabonguida) ist eine Landgemeinde im Departement Madaoua in Niger.

Geographie
Sabon-Guida liegt am Übergang der Großlandschaft Sudan zur Sahelzone und grenzt im Süden an den Nachbarstaat Nigeria. Die Nachbargemeinden in Niger sind Doguérawa im Westen, Galma Koudawatché im Nordwesten, Madaoua im Nordosten und Bangui im Osten. Durch Sabon-Guida verläuft in Nord-Süd-Richtung das insgesamt rund 300 Kilometer lange Tarka-Tal, das sich vom Departement Tanout in Niger bis nach Nigeria zieht. Bei den Siedlungen im Gemeindegebiet handelt es sich um 131 Dörfer, 205 Weiler und 7 Lager. Der Hauptort der Landgemeinde ist das Dorf Sabon-Guida.

Geschichte
Im Dorf Koumassa in der Nähe des Hauptorts von Sabon-Guida nahm in den 1950er Jahren der Anbau von Zwiebeln seinen Anfang, der sich von hier aus über weite Teile der Region Tahoua verbreitete und eine wichtige Rolle in der Wirtschaft und im kulturellen Selbstverständnis der Region spielt. Auch die bekannte Zwiebelsorte Violet de Galmi, die nach dem Dorf Galmi in der Nachbargemeinde Doguérawa benannt ist, von wo aus sie in den überregionalen Handel gelangte, hat ihren Ursprung in Sabon-Guida.

Die Landgemeinde Sabon-Guida ging als Verwaltungseinheit 2002 bei einer landesweiten Verwaltungsreform aus einem Teil des Kantons Madaoua hervor.

Bevölkerung
Bei der Volkszählung 2012 hatte die Landgemeinde 103.232 Einwohner, die in 14.467 Haushalten lebten. Bei der Volkszählung 2001 betrug die Einwohnerzahl 62.024 in 10.172 Haushalten.

Im Hauptort lebten bei der Volkszählung 2012 6579 Einwohner in 877 Haushalten, bei der Volkszählung 2001 3350 in 549 Haushalten und bei der Volkszählung 1988 5209 in 951 Haushalten.

Rund zwei Drittel der Bevölkerung sind Hausa, rund ein Drittel Tuareg. Außerdem gibt es eine kleine Minderheit an Fulbe.

Politik
Der Gemeinderat (conseil municipal) hat 24 gewählte Mitglieder. Mit den Kommunalwahlen 2020 sind die Sitze im Gemeinderat wie folgt verteilt: 14 PNDS-Tarayya, 7 MNSD-Nassara, 2 MODEN-FA Lumana Africa und 1 PJP-Génération Doubara.

Jeweils ein traditioneller Ortsvorsteher (chef traditionnel) steht an der Spitze von 120 Dörfern in der Gemeinde, darunter dem Hauptort.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Die Gemeinde liegt in jener schmalen Zone entlang der Grenze zu Nigeria, die von Tounouga im Westen bis Malawa im Osten reicht und in der Bewässerungsfeldwirtschaft für Cash Crops betrieben wird. Neben dem Ackerbau ist die Viehzucht der wichtigste Erwerbszweig der Bevölkerung. Mit dem Nachbarland Nigeria wird informeller Handel betrieben. An mehreren Lagerstätten werden Gips und Kalk abgebaut. Die Niederschlagsmessstation im Hauptort wurde 1981 in Betrieb genommen.

Gesundheitszentren des Typs Centre de Santé Intégré (CSI) sind im Hauptort und in der Siedlung Eroufa vorhanden. Die Gesundheitszentren decken nicht das gesamte Gemeindegebiet ab, weshalb die Bevölkerung teilweise auf das Distriktkrankenhaus in Madaoua ausweichen muss. Der CEG Sabon-Guida ist eine allgemein bildende Schule der Sekundarstufe des Typs Collège d'Enseignement Général (CEG). Beim Centre de Formation aux Métiers de Sabon-Guida (CFM Sabon-Guida) handelt es sich um ein Berufsausbildungszentrum. Ferner stehen in der Gemeinde 42 Grundschulen zur Verfügung.

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Niger
Tahoua (Region)
Ort in Afrika

Sabon-Guida


John F. Tierney (born September 18, 1951) is an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts from 1997 to 2015. He is a Democrat who represented the state's , which includes the state's North Shore and Cape Ann. Born and raised in Salem, Massachusetts, Tierney graduated from Salem State College and Suffolk University Law School. He worked in private law and served on the Salem Chamber of Commerce from 1976 to 1997. Tierney first ran for the House of Representatives in 1994 against Republican incumbent Peter G. Torkildsen, losing by a small margin. He defeated Torkildsen in a rematch in 1996.

A liberal member of Congress, Tierney voted along with other Democratic Representatives from Massachusetts. He sat on the House Committee on Education and Labor, where his priorities included green energy and increased college access. He co-authored several pieces of legislation, including the Green Jobs Act of 2007 and the College Affordability and Accountability Act of 2008. He is the former chairman of the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs, where he helped establish the Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan. From 1998 to 2010, Tierney comfortably won re-election in each cycle. He faced tougher challenges after his wife Patrice was convicted of felony tax fraud in 2010, narrowly defeating his Republican opponent in 2012. In the 2014 election, he lost the Democratic primary to Seth Moulton, who went on to hold the seat in the general election. In February 2016, Tierney was appointed the executive director of the Council for a Livable World and the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, the council's affiliated education and research organization.

Early life, education, and career
John F. Tierney was born September 18, 1951, in Salem, Massachusetts. His mother, Doris H. (née Gelineau) Tierney, was a Salem native who worked a split shift at the New England Telephone Company, where she remained for 42 years. His father, Albert R. Tierney, was a bookkeeper for Nabisco and a local fuel company. Tierney was one of three children, along with his brother Michael A. and sister Catherine. His father was of Irish descent and his mother was of half French-Canadian and half Irish ancestry. He moved with his family to his grandmother's home when he was five years old. He began working at the Kernwood Country Club in Salem as a caddie when he was 8 and soon adopted a paper route. He later attended Salem High School. When he was young, Tierney campaigned for his uncle, a Peabody ward councilor, and he ascribes his political interest in part to this experience.

Tierney attended Salem State College, majoring in political science. While in college he performed work study, while also stocking shelves at a grocery store, working in sales at a clothing store, and performing deliveries. For three years he was president of his class, and his final year he served as President of the Salem State Student Government Association (SGA). As SGA president Tierney responded to racial incidents on campus by organizing a school-wide meeting leading to several days of discussion. He graduated in 1973, and returned in 2009 to give a commencement address, receiving an honorary degree.

While working as a law office clerk and a State House janitor, Tierney attended Suffolk University Law School. Tierney graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1976, and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar. Tierney worked as a solo practitioner until 1981, when he became a partner at the North Shore community law firm Tierney, Kalis, & Lucas. Tierney remained at the firm until taking office in 1997. Tierney served on the Salem Chamber of Commerce from 1976 to 1997, becoming the organization's president in 1995.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
Tierney first ran for Congress in 1994 against one-term Republican incumbent Peter G. Torkildsen, having won a competitive Democratic primary with a plurality of 33.8 percent. He ran on a platform promoting a stronger federal focus on drug abuse, federal aid to promote after-school programs, consideration of means testing for Social Security, and single-payer health care. A primary issue in the campaign was crime: Tierney criticized Torkildsen for his vote against a 1994 crime bill, and advocated stronger gun control, while Torkildsen criticized Tierney's positions on gun control and drug legalization. Tierney was defeated in the general election by 4%. Tierney successfully ran for Congress in 1996, defeating Torkildsen by a narrow margin and increasing his margin in a 1998 rematch. Over the next five elections, Tierney won with over 68% of the vote. In 2010, he faced a stronger challenge from Republican candidate Bill Hudak, after his wife Patrice was convicted of felony tax fraud; he won with 57% of the vote.

In his 2012 race for re-election, Tierney faced former State Senator and 2010 nominee for Lieutenant Governor Richard Tisei. Tisei, who is openly gay, was endorsed by the Log Cabin Republicans. He was also endorsed by The Rainbow Times, a Boston-based LGBT newspaper. Gay Democratic Congressman Barney Frank endorsed Tierney, likening gay Republicans to Uncle Tom. Tierney narrowly won re-election on November 6, 2012, with 48% of the vote to Tisei's 47%.

Tierney ran for re-election against four challengers for the Democratic nomination in 2014. With 27 percent of precincts reporting, Tierney trailed Seth Moulton 51 percent to 40 percent and conceded.

Tenure

Tierney, described as "an unwavering liberal" by CQ's Politics in America, has consistently high approval ratings from Democratic and liberal interest groups such as Americans for Democratic Action, and low approval ratings from conservative groups such as the American Conservative Union. His votes have been closely aligned with the other Democratic representatives from his state. Described as "a favorite of the House Democratic leadership," he maintains a close relationship with former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi; her daughter Christine Pelosi served as his chief of staff from 2001 to 2005. Tierney was speculated as a candidate to succeed United States Senator Ted Kennedy in a special election after Kennedy's death in 2009, but he decided not to run. In 2010 Washington paper The Hill published a speculation that Tierney, with a $1.3 million war chest, was a likely candidate to run against Kennedy's successor Scott Brown in the 2012 election. Tierney later stated that he would not contest the Senate seat and would instead seek a ninth term as Congressman.

Domestic policy

Tierney and Rep. Hilda Solis coauthored the Green Jobs Act of 2007, which allocated $125 million to green jobs training. The bill was incorporated into the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and signed into law. Tierney was initially opposed to the Troubled Asset Relief Program proposal of 2008, although he ultimately voted for the bill, saying, "The state of panic in the markets compels Congress to act."

The House included several of his proposals in the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008, one which prevented states from cutting education funding as federal aid increased, and one which forgave federal loans for students who went into some public service professions. Throughout his career, Tierney has repeatedly introduced a bill called "Clean Money, Clean Elections", which would create a national, publicly financed clean elections system. With little support in Congress, the proposal has been unsuccessful.

Tierney is a supporter of universal health care. In early 2010, Tierney came under fire from some in his district for his support of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

On March 6, 2013 Tierney and several House Democrats walked out on a Committee on Education and the Workforce vote, accusing Republican counterparts on the committee of not negotiating "in a bipartisan manner."  Tierney has introduced a version of Elizabeth Warren's "Bank on Student Loans Fairness Act" into the House, which would reduce federally subsidized education loans to 0.75%, the rate paid by banks.

A February 2012 Washington Post report revealed that 33 members of Congress helped direct more than $300 million in earmarks to public projects in close proximity to commercial and residential real estate owned by the lawmakers or their family members. According to the investigation, Tierney has helped direct about $3.5 million toward a 950-space parking garage and commuter rail station in Salem, Mass. The facility will be located roughly 1/4 mile from a commercial building Tierney co-owns.

Foreign policy
Tierney was a member of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and chairman of the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs during the 110th and 111th Congresses. Tierney introduced the 2007 House legislation that created the Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan to study government contracting related to the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War. The same year Tierney chaired a congressional hearing over conditions at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The center had been criticized in the press for its dilapidated conditions and inadequate care, as well as for prioritizing a "VIP ward" for non-soldiers. The House approved Tierney's amendment to direct $75,000,000 to secular school construction in Pakistan to compete against Islamic madrassas.

Tierney is a critic of U.S. investment in missile defense, and has called for large budget cuts to the Missile Defense Agency. He introduced an amendment to redirect $966 million in funding from missile defense systems to other military initiatives. The proposal, opposed by Armed Services Committee leaders as "going too far", was rejected in a House vote.

Personal life
Tierney dated Patrice M. (Eremian) Chew of Marblehead throughout his 1996 campaign. They married in a small ceremony in April 1997 and now live in Salem, where Patrice works as a jewelry designer. Tierney has three stepchildren from his wife's first marriage. In June 2000, Tierney's stepson John Chew was arrested when about 25 grams (0.9 oz) of cocaine and $1,000 in cash were found in his Marblehead apartment.

Wife's tax fraud conviction
In August 2010, Tierney's wife Patrice's brothers Robert and Daniel Eremian were indicted in federal court for operating an illegal internet gambling business. Robert had allegedly, with Daniel's help, operated the business out of St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda, and funneled a portion of the profits into a Bank of America account in Massachusetts. In October 2010, Patrice was charged in U.S. District Court with four counts of "aiding and abetting the filing of false tax returns" by Robert. John Tierney issued a statement announcing his wife's intention to plead guilty, stating that Patrice accepted "full responsibility for being 'willfully blind' to what her brother was doing." Patrice pleaded guilty on October 6, 2010, and on January 13, 2011, was sentenced to 30 days in prison followed by five months of house arrest. The conviction bolstered the campaign of Bill Hudak, Tierney's Republican opponent in the November 2010 election, but Tierney was re-elected. In June 2012, a federal judge ordered Daniel Eremian to forfeit $7.7 million in assets for his role in the illegal offshore sports betting scheme. Following his sentencing, Daniel Eremian told reporters that the congressman "knew everything that was going on", a charge which Tierney rebutted.

Electoral history

|-
| colspan=10 |
|-
!Year
!Winning candidate
!Party
!Pct
!Opponent
!Party
!Pct
!Opponent
!Party
!Pct
|-
|1994
| |Peter G. Torkildsen (inc.)
| |Republican
| |50.5%
| |John F. Tierney
| |Democratic
| |47.4%
| |Benjamin A. Gatchell
| |Independent
| |2.1%
|-
|1996
| |John F. Tierney
| |Democratic
| |49.3%
| |Peter G. Torkildsen (inc.)
| |Republican
| |49.2%
| |Martin J. McNulty
| |Independent
| |1.6%
|-
|1998
| |John F. Tierney (inc.)
| |Democratic
| |54.6%
| |Peter G. Torkildsen
| |Republican
| |42.4%
| |Randal C. Fritz
| |Independent
| |3.0%
|-
|2000
| |John F. Tierney (inc.)
| |Democratic
| |71.1%
| |Paul McCarthy
| |Republican
| |28.9%
|
|
|
|-
|2002
| |John F. Tierney (inc.)
| |Democratic
| |68.3%
| |Mark C. Smith
| |Republican
| |31.7%
|
|
|
|-
|2004
| |John F. Tierney (inc.)
| |Democratic
| |70.0%
| |Stephen P. O'Malley, Jr.
| |Republican
| |30.0%
|
|
|
|-
|2006
| |John F. Tierney (inc.)
| |Democratic
| |69.7%
| |Richard W. Barton
| |Republican
| |30.3%
|
|
|
|-
|2008
| |John F. Tierney (inc.)
| |Democratic
| |70.5%
| |Richard A. Baker
| |Republican
| |29.5%
|
|
|
|-
|2010
| |John F. Tierney (inc.)
| |Democratic
| |56.9%
| |Bill Hudak
| |Republican
| |43.1%
|
|
|
|-
|2012
| |John F. Tierney (inc.)
| |Democratic
| |48.2%
| |Richard Tisei
| |Republican
| |47.2%
| |Daniel Fishman
| |Libertarian
| |4.6%
|-
| colspan=10 |
|-
!Year
!Candidate
!Result
!Opponent
!Result
!Opponent
!Pct
!Opponent
!Pct
!Opponent
!Pct
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | 2014
| style="background:#ccf;"| Seth Moulton
| style="background:#ccf;"| 50.8%
| style="background:#ccf;"| John F. Tierney
| style="background:#ccf;"| 40.1%
| style="background:#ccf;"| Marisa DeFranco
| style="background:#ccf;"| 6.1%
| style="background:#ccf;"| John Devine
| style="background:#ccf;"| 2.1%
| style="background:#ccf;"| John Gutta
| style="background:#ccf;"| 1.0%
|-

References

External links

Tierney, John Intelligent Reform The Nation, February 6, 2006

1951 births
Living people
American people of French-Canadian descent
American people of Irish descent
Politicians from Salem, Massachusetts
Salem State University alumni
Suffolk University Law School alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
21st-century American politicians
Salem High School (Massachusetts) alumni

John F. Tierney


Die Slovak International 2001 im Badminton fanden vom 11. bis zum 14. Oktober 2001 in Prešov statt.

Sieger und Platzierte

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks

 http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=83492660-6DB2-409B-8A28-E9E330A96A59
 http://www.bedminton.sk/

2001
Badminton 2001
EBU Circuit 2001/02
Badmintonwettbewerb in Prešov

Slovak International 2001


André Pinto (født 14. december 1978) er en tidligere brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

André Pinto


Fernando Romero (11 de octubre de 1971) es un arquitecto mexicano. En 2011, su empresa FR·EE recibió reconocimientos internacionales por el diseño del Nuevo Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México.

Biografía
Fernando Romero es miembro de una familia que se dedica al desarrollo urbano. Estudió arquitectura de 1991 a 1995 en la Universidad Iberoamericana de la Ciudad de México, de donde fue Presidente de la Sociedad de Alumnos en 1994.

Carrera
En 1995, Fernando Romero se unió a la oficina de Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA), en Róterdam, Holanda, que dirige Rem Koolhaas. En 1999, fue líder de proyecto y responsable de la obra ganadora Casa da Música, en Oporto, Portugal. Situado en un terreno considerado patrimonio por la UNESCO, el edificio ha sido reconocido como un lugar internacional distinto de las artes escénicas y un hito para esa ciudad. Tras su apertura en el 2005, el New York Times describió el edificio como "una de las salas de conciertos más importantes construidas en los últimos 100 años". Es miembro del American Institute of Architects (AIA) y del Colegio de Arquitectos de la Ciudad de México (CAMSAM).

Fundador de FR-EE
Fernando Romero fundó fr·ee en la Ciudad de México en el año 2000. El trabajo de fr·ee está fuertemente ligado a la investigación y los estudios del contexto/terreno, en lugar de adoptar una ideología explícita y estilo de la compañía. Los proyectos de fr·ee abrazan la diversidad y la idea de que el diseño debe encontrar soluciones sustentables que garanticen la viabilidad económica y social, así como la integración ambiental. El trabajo de FR-EE es muy amplio y comprende una variedad de escalas, programas y morfologías, que se extiende por todo el mundo. En el 2010, fr·ee formó una oficina alterna en la ciudad de Nueva York para atender el número creciente de proyectos culturales, religiosos y comerciales en todo Estados Unidos.

Distinciones
Ganador del concurso Intertalleres 2017 en la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UNAM.
Arquitecto del año 2010 por Fashion Group.
 Arquitectura joven 2009 por parte de la Sociedad Mexicana de Arquitectos.
Líder Global del Mañana en el 2002 en el Foro Económico.
Premio Bauhaus 2005 por Villa S. March.
Premio de Arquitectura Pamphlet por Translations (publicación de Romero).
Premio SARA en el 2005 por parte de la Sociedad de Arquitectos americanos.
Premio internacional Bauhaus en el 2004 en Alemania.

Obras/concepto arquitectónico
Romero busca plasmar en sus obras el concepto contemporáneo a través del uso de materiales de arte y tecnológicos, apoyada con investigaciones y disciplinas de otros ámbitos.  Es comúnmente referido por la estética futurista y minimalista que emplea en sus obras. Por otra parte, busca integrar lo sustentable como las paredes verdes en sus proyectos.

G-20 Convention Center
El centro de Convenciones, localizado en Los Cabos, México fue diseñado por FR-EE en el 2012. Tiene una capacidad de 6,500 personas y un área de 5,400 metros cuadrados. Está ambientado para congresos, exhibiciones, festivales y eventos de otros ámbitos y fue construido en menos de 7 meses. Una de las características más destacadas fue la pared verde que se encuentra en su estructura, la cual es la más grande en el mundo con una extensión de 2,700 metros cuadrados.

Museo Soumaya
El Museo Soumaya, patrocinado por su suegro, el empresario Carlos Slim, localizado en Nuevo Polanco, Ciudad de México, fue diseñado bajo la dirección de Fernando Romero en el 2010. El museo tiene un área de 22,000 metros cuadrados y exhibe alrededor de 70,000 objetos provenientes de distintas colecciones desde el  hasta el . Su fachada exterior está compuesta por 16,000 mosaicos hexagonales, los cuales generan un efecto distinto dependiendo del ángulo desde el que se vea. La estructura interna está compuesta por una rampa alrededor de los seis pisos, uno con una temática específica. La estructura se ha convertido en un icono de la arquitectura mexicana contemporánea y en un lugar obligado para los ciudadanos y turistas del Distrito Federal. En sus cuatro años de vida ha recibido ya a más de cinco millones de visitantes, con lo que es el museo privado más visitado en el mundo.

Nuevo Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México (NAICM)

El nuevo aeropuerto de la Ciudad de México fue diseñado en colaboración entre fr·ee y Foster + Partners; y prometía ser uno de los aeropuertos más grandes del mundo con una extensión de 555,000 metros cuadrados, y el más grande del continente. La terminal usaría muy poca energía, con lo que sería el aeropuerto más sustentable del mundo, y tendría espacios cortos a lo largo de las salas; por lo tanto, no se utilizarían trenes internos ni túneles subterráneos. La primera terminal era parte de un ambicioso masterplan que le permitiría al nuevo aeropuerto tener seis pistas simultáneas y de movilizar hasta 120 millones de pasajeros al año. Se estima que el proyecto requeriría una inversión de unos 9,150 millones de dólares.

Otras
1	Eco Museo, Ciudad de México (2006-2007), el cual es descrito por la autora Fernanda Canales en su libro "Arquitectura en México: 1900-2010" como un proyecto que permite asociar la arquitectura con la cultura general.
2	Oficinas generales de Inbursa, Ciudad de México (2001-2003).
3	Torre Cervantes: Complejo habitacional, Ciudad de México (2009-2010)
4	Teahouse, Jinhua, China (2004-2006), el cual es considerado como un proyecto que posicionó por primera vez a la arquitectura mexicana dentro de la plataforma arquitectónica que parecía inalcanzable para México hace unos años.

Iniciativas
Fernando Romero y fr·ee están involucrados en una amplia gama de actividades educativas y culturales. "Regeneración", un proyecto de restauración de piezas seleccionadas de la arquitectura mexicana moderna, conserva la cultura y crea conciencia sobre el papel de la arquitectura y el diseño en México; "Archivo Diseño y Arquitectura", ubicado en la ciudad de México, alberga una colección privada y un espacio experimental de exhibición para objetos de diseño industrial; y "fr·ee time" es una beca de un año de duración otorgada a un arquitecto mexicano menor de 35 años, que le proporciona la oportunidad de viajar e investigar un tema específico a profundidad.

Libros y publicaciones
Libros por Fernando Romero:
 You Are The Context (Nueva York, 2012)
 Simplexity, Hatje Cantz (Alemania, 2010)
 Hyperborder; Princeton Architectural Press (Nueva York, 2007):Nuestra investigación en torno a una de las fronteras más dinámicas: México-Estados Unidos
 The Air Is Blue (Mexico City, 2007): Homenaje a Luis Barragán, una exposición curada por Hans Ulrich Obrist y Pedro Reyes (Artist) con treinta artistas contemporáneos
 Translation, ACTAR Editorial (Barcelona, 2005)
 ZMVM (Ciudad de México, 2000): Análisis de la transformación urbana de la Ciudad de México
 FR-EE, editado por Mapas.

Referencias

Nacidos en Ciudad de México
Arquitectos de México del siglo XX
Arquitectos de México del siglo XXI
Urbanistas de México
Familia Slim

Enlaces externos
 FR-EE Fernando Romero Enterprise

Fernando Romero


كارلوس بادروس  (9 نوفمبر 1870، 30 ديسمبر 1950)، أحد رؤساء ريال مدريد من 1904 إلى 1908 وأيضاً كان أحد مؤسسي النادي وقد تم منحه العضوية الشرفية بعد انتهاء ولايته من قبل الرئيس الذي خلفه أدولفو ملينديز. وخلال ولايته أحرز الفريق بطولة كأس الملك أربعة مرات على التوالي. كان بادروس هو من اقترح إنشاء بطولةٍ في إسبانيا بمناسبة تتويج ألفونسو الثالث عشر حيث تحقق ذلك في عام 1902 والتي سُميت فيما بعد ببطولة كأس ملك إسبانيا.

مراجع

أشخاص من برشلونة
أصحاب أعمال إسبان
أصحاب أعمال إسبان في القرن 20
أصحاب أعمال في القرن 20
حكام كرة قدم إسبان
بادروس, كارلوس
مواليد 1870
مواليد في برشلونة
مؤسسو أندية كرة قدم
وفيات 1950
وفيات في مدريد
شخصيات أعمال من برشلونة

كارلوس بادروس


Angra is a Brazilian power metal band formed in 1991. They have released nine regular studio albums, five EPs, and three live CD/DVDs to date. Led by Rafael Bittencourt, the band has gained a degree of popularity in Japan and Europe.

History

Formation
Angra was formed in November 1991 by Santa Marcelina Music College students vocalist Andre Matos and guitarists Rafael Bittencourt and André Linhares. They were joined by Bittencourt's former bandmate Marcos Antunes (drums) and bassist Luís Mariutti (ex-Firebox).

This line-up composed a number of the earliest songs, with Rafael Bittencourt and Andre Matos emerging as the main songwriters. Two of the first songs written were "Time" and "Angels Cry", which both featured on the band's first album. The song "Queen of the Night", composed by Matos and Bittencourt, was originally titled "Rainha" ("Queen") and had been one of the songs from Bittencourt and Antunes previous band. The song "Carry On" was composed by Andre Matos and brought to the band. In the beginning of 1992, André Linhares was replaced by André Hernandes. His stay was equally brief and Kiko Loureiro joined the band in late 1992. It was during Hernandes' time in the band that the song "Evil Warning" was written. Finally they added "Reaching Horizons"  by Bittencourt. These six songs resulted in a demo-tape Reaching Horizons that was released in 1993 through Limb Music in Germany.

Angels Cry

During the recording sessions for their first album Angels Cry, Marcos Antunes left the band. A number of session drummers, including Alex Holzwarth were used to finish the album. Ricardo Confessori was later installed as a permanent replacement. This line-up change established a stable line-up lasted from 1993 to 2000. Angels Cry was recorded at Gamma Ray guitarist Kai Hansen's studio in Hamburg, Germany. Besides Hansen, the album included guest performances by Heavens Gate guitarist Sascha Paeth and Dirk Schlächter.

The album was released in Brazil in 1993 through Eldorado Records and contained a number of classical influences as well as a cover of Kate Bush's "Wuthering Heights". The album had some success both in Brazil as well as Japan. The band were managed by Antonio Pirani, also editor of Rock Brigade magazine. Due to the album's success in Japan, the Evil Warning EP was released in 1994 through Victor, which included remixed versions of songs "Evil Warning", "Angels Cry", "Carry On" and "Wuthering Heights". In the following year the album was made available in Germany through Dream Circle, and in France by CNR Music.

Holy Land

In 1996 Angra opened for AC/DC in Brazil and was invited to the inaugural Brazilian Monsters of Rock Festival. Following the festival, the band embarked on a Brazilian tour, with further dates in Europe in 1995. Holy Land - an ambitious project involving orchestration, choirs, and Brazilian rhythms - was released in 1996. The production was handled by Sascha Paeth and Charlie Bauerfiend. Holy Land proved successful and the Japanese Victor release, which included the bonus track "Queen of the Night", went gold. The band toured Japan for the first time following the album's success, while in France the single "Make Believe" was released. That same year the EP Freedom Call was released, containing cover versions of Judas Priest´s "Painkiller". After the tour in support of the album, the band released a six-track live album Holy Live, recorded in Paris in 1996. The Holy Box was released in 1998 by Lucretia Records (Italy), which included seven acoustic tracks.

Fireworks (1998-2000)

In 1998 the band released the single Lisbon, followed by the album Fireworks, produced by Chris Tsangarides. Fireworks was a departure from Angra's earlier experimental sound, focusing more on a neo-classical metal sound and lacking the Brazilian rhythms that were included in Holy Land. The album was the first for the Steamhammer label and appeared in North America through Century Media. A lengthy world tour was set up in support for the album. The band appeared at the Buenos Aires edition of Monsters of Rock, while they co-headlined shows in Europe with Time Machine and Stratovarius in 1999. Bruce Dickinson made a guest appearance during the Paris show, while the band also performed at the Wacken Open Air festival.

Matos departure and Rebirth (2000-2004)

During mid-2000 Angra split, parting ways with vocalist Andre Matos who took bassist Luis Mariutti and drummer Ricardo Confessori with him. In March 2001, the two remaining members, Kiko Loureiro and Rafael Bittencourt, announced the new line-up that included Symbols' vocalist Edu Falaschi, drummer Aquiles Priester and bassist Felipe Andreoli.

This line-up began recording instantly and the album Rebirth was released in 2001, produced by Dennis Ward. The album was both a critical and commercial success in Brazil and internationally, selling over 100,000 copies worldwide in less than two months. The album went gold in Brazil that same year. The EP Hunters and Prey was released in 2002 which included acoustic takes of Rebirth songs, as well as other new material, a cover of "Mama" by Genesis, and their first song with lyrics in Portuguese, "Caça e Caçador" ("Hunter and Prey").

Angra would play live in Japan, appearing in Rock Machine in Spain, Wacken Open Air in Germany and ProgPower in Atlanta, Georgia, which was their first visit to the United States. Following the tour, the band submitted their version of Kashmir to the compilation The Music Remains The Same (A Metal Tribute to Led Zeppelin).

Temple of Shadows (2004–2006)

Temple of Shadows recording sessions started in January 2004 at Mosh Studios in São Paulo, once again produced by Dennis Ward. The album featured guest vocalists Kai Hansen (Gamma Ray), Sabine Edelsbacher (Edenbridge), Hansi Kürsch (Blind Guardian) and Brazilian folk and fusion legend Milton Nascimento. Temple of Shadows was a concept album based around a character known as The Shadow Hunter and his saga which is described as "the saga of a crusader knight that ends up disputing the expansionist ideals of the Catholic Church in the eleventh century".

The band toured Brazil and Europe, headlining shows in Southern Europe throughout Spain, Italy, and France in February 2005. For the first time since its creation, the band played at a UK show at The Mean Fiddler in London, supported by DragonForce, and later joined Finnish band Nightwish for the Japanese dates in March. The band then went to Taiwan and after, for the first time, they played in Oceania, headlining shows in Australia. Angra resumed the Brazilian tour and then returned to Europe for the Lorca Roch Festival, Live in Italy and Bull Rock Festival, sharing stages with big heavy metal names like Iron Maiden.

Aurora Consurgens, management problems, Confessori's return (2006–2009)

Later in 2006, Angra worked once again with producer Dennis Ward on their new album, entitled Aurora Consurgens, focusing on a non-concept album as Rebirth was. Instead, they pursued a close relative of the idea, a theme album. Also in 2006, Fábio Laguna composed a solo progressive instrumental album called Freakeys along with drummer Aquiles Priester and bassist Felipe Andreoli. In mid-2007, the band took a break due to an unresolved situation with its manager, who was also the owner of the Angra brand. As result, other non-resolved situations between the members arose, culminating in an indefinite hiatus until a solution was reached.

In 2008, singer Edu Falaschi was originally reported as saying that Angra "has been terminated," but this was later revealed to be both a misunderstanding and a misreporting of his words.  Edu later clarified what was meant by his earlier comments: "Angra is not done; we're taking a break, a pause. The band is going through some difficult management issues, and all of us are doing our best to get back on the road." In 2009, the band's official site was taken down. Instead, the home page announced that the site was under construction and news would be released soon. In March 2009, the band's official site announced the return of drummer Ricardo Confessori after a 9-year hiatus to Angra, replacing Aquiles Priester, who left the band to dedicate full force to his band Hangar. The band went out on tour along with fellow Brazilian band Sepultura during 2009.

Aqua and departure of Falaschi and Confessori (2010–2014)

In the beginning of 2010, Angra started writing songs for their upcoming yet unnamed album due out in mid-2010. The album was composed partly at the members' houses and partly at Confessori's ranch, where they rehearsed and improved the arrangements of the new songs. In February, they came into Norcal Studios in São Paulo, to start recordings. The band members made home videos from the writing/recording process and released them to the fans almost weekly.

On July 5 the band unveiled the cover and track list of the new album, named Aqua. On July 10, the first single "Arising Thunder" was released. On July, 15 a new song, called "Lease of Life", was played for the first time on Brazilian radio station Kiss FM. The radio program featured an interview with Loureiro and Falaschi, followed by a high quality play of the song.

On August 11, Aqua was officially released in Japan and the Aqua Tour began with a series of pocket shows, being followed by a Brazilian tour through several venues around the country.

On May 23, 2012, Edu Falaschi issued an open letter in which he announced his departure from Angra. Despite not explaining why, he said he would focus on his future projects, including Almah. Management of the band approached Matos for a possible return, but he declined. Fabio Lione (ex-Labyrinth, Rhapsody of Fire) became the third vocalist for the band.

In 2014, drummer Ricardo Confessori announced he would end his second tenure with the band. He was later replaced by 23-year-old Bruno Valverde.

Secret Garden, Kiko's departure, and Ømni (2014–2021)

In November 2014, the band announced their eighth studio album, Secret Garden, that was released on December 17 in Japan and on January 16, 2015 in Brazil and Europe. On September 19, 2015, Angra performed at Rock in Rio with special guests Doro Pesch and Dee Snider. A third, surprise guest was also announced mid-show: lead guitarist Marcelo Barbosa, who was revealed as Loureiro's touring replacement after the latter had joined Megadeth earlier in the year. The band released their ninth studio album, Ømni, on February 16, 2018 worldwide.

Former vocalist Andre Matos died on 8 June 2019. A heart attack was cited as the cause.

In 2021, the band released a graphic novel based on the history of the album Temple of Shadows, called "O Templo das Sombras".

Cycles of Pain (2021–Present)
The band announced that their tenth album, Cycles of Pain, would be released on November 1, 2023 in Japan and on November 3 elsewhere. It will be their first album released under Atomic Fire.

Musical style
Their musical style has been described as power metal, progressive metal, and neoclassical metal.

Band members

Current members
 Rafael Bittencourt – guitars, keyboards, piano, backing vocals (1991–present), co-lead vocals (2012–present)
 Felipe Andreoli – bass, keyboards, piano, backing vocals (2001–present)
 Fabio Lione – lead vocals (2013–present)
 Bruno Valverde – drums (2014–present)
 Marcelo Barbosa – guitars (2015–present)

Former members
 André Linhares – guitars, backing vocals (1991–1992)
 André Hernandes – guitars, backing vocals (1992)
 Marco Antunes – drums (1991–1993)
 Andre Matos – lead vocals, keyboards, piano (1991–2000) (died 2019)
 Luís Mariutti – bass (1991–2000)
 Aquiles Priester – drums (2001–2008)
 Edu Falaschi – lead vocals, acoustic guitar (in Unplugged shows) (2000–2012)
 Ricardo Confessori – drums (1993–2000, 2009–2014)
 Kiko Loureiro – guitars, keyboards, piano, backing vocals (1992–2015)

Former support members
 Alex Holzwarth – drums (1993, studio)
 Fábio Ribeiro - keyboards (1992 – 1993, 1999 Fireworks tour)
 Fábio Laguna – keyboards, backing vocals (2001–2007, touring)
 Dio Lima (Opus V) - keyboards (2022, Rebirth 20th Anniversary Tour)

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums

Demos
 Reaching Horizons (Demo, 1992)

Extended plays (EPs)
 Evil Warning (1994)
 Live Acoustic at FNAC (1995)
 Freedom Call (1996)
 Acoustic... And more (1998)
 Hunters and Prey (2002) - No. 85 Japanese charts
 AudioArena Originals: Angra-EP (2017)

Compilations
 Best Reached Horizons (2012) - No. 90 Japanese charts
  On The Backs of Angels (2018)

Live albums
 Holy Live Recorded 1996 (1997) - No. 87 Japanese albums charts
 Rebirth World Tour – Live in São Paulo, Recorded 2001 (CD & DVD, 2002) - No. 78 Japanese charts (CD); No. 156 Japanese charts (DVD)
 Angels Cry 20th Anniversary Tour, Recorded 2013 (CD & DVD, 2013) - No. 80 Japanese charts (CD); No. 209 Japanese charts (DVD)
 Ømni Live, Recorded 2018 (CD & DVD, 2021)
 Sonastério Ilumina (2023)

Singles
 "Carry On" (1994)
 "Make Believe" (1996)
 "Lisbon" (1998)
 "Rainy Nights" (1998)
 "Acid Rain" (2001) (demo version)
 "Wishing Well" (2004) - No. 85 Brazilian charts
 "The Course of Nature" (2006) (free download only)
 "Arising Thunder" (2010) (free download only)
 "Lease of Life" (2010) (free download only)
 "Newborn Me" (2014) (free download only)
 "Travelers of Time" (2018)
 "Black Widow's Web" (feat Sandy Lima and Alisa White-Gluz) (2018)
 "War Horns" (feat Kiko Loureiro) (2018)
 "Hollow (Aqua 2020 Remix)" (2020)
 "Ride into the Storm" (2023)
 "Tide of Changes Part II" (feat Vanessa Moreno) (2023)
 "Gods of the World" (2023)

References

External links
 Angra official website

English-language musical groups from Brazil
Brazilian power metal musical groups
Brazilian progressive metal musical groups
Brazilian musical quintets
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups from São Paulo
1991 establishments in Brazil
Articles which contain graphical timelines

Angra (band)


بيفرلي بيرديو  هي سياسية أمريكية تنتمي إلى الحزب الديمقراطي. ولدت بيفرلي بيرديو في 14 يناير من عام 1947 في غروندي في ولاية فرجينيا وأصبحت بيفرلي بيرديو حاكمة ولاية كارولينا الشمالية في 10 كانون الثاني - يناير من عام 2009 حيث أصبحت أول امرأة حاكمة في تاريخ الولاية حصلت بيفرلي بيرديو على درجة البكالوريوس من جامعة ولاية كنتاكي وحصلت على الماجستير والدكتوراه من جامعة ولاية فلوريداكانت بيفرلي بيرديو نائبة حاكم ولاية كارولينا الشمالية ما بين الأعوام 2001 إلى عام 2009.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من تشابل هيل (كارولاينا الشمالية)
أشخاص من غراندي (فيرجينيا)
أعضاء مجلس نواب ولاية كارولاينا الشمالية
خريجو جامعة كنتاكي
حكام كارولينا الشمالية
حكام ولايات أمريكية من الحزب الديمقراطي
خريجو جامعة فلوريدا
سياسيات أمريكيات في القرن 21
سياسيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
سياسيون من نيوبيرن
مشرعات في كارولاينا الشمالية
معلمون أمريكيون
مواليد 1947
مواليد في غراندي (فيرجينيا)
نساء أمريكيات
نواب حكام كارولاينا الشمالية
حاكمات ولايات في الولايات المتحدة
أعضاء مجلس شيوخ ولاية كارولاينا الشمالية
ديمقراطيون من ولاية كارولاينا الشمالية
أعضاء الحزب الديمقراطي في مجلس نواب ولاية كارولاينا الشمالية

بيفرلي بيرديو


Periodate sind die Salze verschiedener Periodsäuren; je nach Säure wird zwischen Orthoperiodaten (IO65−), Metaperiodaten (IO4−), Dimesoperiodaten (I2O94−) und Mesoperiodaten (IO53−) unterschieden.

Darstellung
Periodate können durch elektrochemische Oxidation aus Iodaten hergestellt werden; hierbei besteht die Anode aus Bleidioxid. Auch bei der Oxidation von Iodaten mit Chlor entsteht Periodat. In alkalischer Lösung bilden sich bei Temperaturen um 100 °C aus Iodaten und Chlor oder Hypochlorit saure Salze der Form M5-nHnIO6 (mit n = 2,3).

Eigenschaften
Orthoperiodate sind in Wasser nur schwer löslich, wobei eine Hydrolyse eintritt; beim Erhitzen zersetzen sich die Salze. Periodate sind starke Oxidationsmittel. Im Gegensatz zu Perchloraten und Perbromaten, deren Reaktionen oft kinetisch gehemmt sind und trotz ausreichender Oxidationskraft eine erhebliche Aktivierungsenergie benötigen, sind die Reaktionen mit Periodaten relativ schnell.

Verwendung
Periodate dienen in der organischen Chemie als Oxidationsmittel, die C-C-Bindungen spalten können; hier wird vorwiegend Natriummetaperiodat (NaIO4) zur Glycolspaltung (Malaprade-Reaktion) und Darstellung von Desoxyribonucleotiden eingesetzt. Periodate sind weiterhin hochselektive Ätzmittel für bestimmte Ruthenium-haltige Oxide.

Beispiele
 Natriumperiodat NaIO4
 Kaliumperiodat KIO4
 Rubidiumperiodat RbIO4

Einzelnachweise

Stoffgruppe
 Periodate

Periodate