Emil Kirschbaum (Grötzingen,  – ) foi um engenheiro de processos alemão.

Formação e carreira
Kirschbaum estudou engenharia mecânica em Viena e Braunschweig, onde obteve um doutorado em 1925. Após trabalhar durante três anos na indústria assumiu o Instituto de Engenharia de Aparelhos e Processos (hoje Instituto de Engenharia de Processos Térmicos) em Karlsruhe como contratado para a criação do curso de engenharia química.

Após a habilitação no Instituto de tecnologia da refrigeração foi nomeado professor associado de engenharia de aparelhos na TH Karlsruhe em 1934.

Por meio do trabalho de Kirschbaum, a engenharia de processo se tornou uma ciência independente na Alemanha. O foco do curso básico era o treinamento de engenharia, enquanto o curso principal incluía treinamento adicional em química física, técnica e orgânica.

Kirschbaum recebeu vários prêmios e condecorações. Recebeu a Medalha DECHEMA de 1951.

Em sua memória foi criada em 1991 a Medalha Emil Kirschbaum pela Deutsche Vereinigung für Chemie- und Verfahrenstechnik (DVCV). É concedida por serviços para o desenvolvimento da engenharia de processo térmico.

Obras
Berthold Koch, Emil Kirschbaum: Grundlagen des Wärmeaustausches. Beucke, 1950, 134 S.
Emil Kirschbaum: Destillier- und Rektifiziertechnik. Springer-Verlag, 4. Auflage 1969, ISBN 3-540-04580-5, 494 S.

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

Videos von Emil Kirschbaum im AV-Portal der Technischen Informationsbibliothek

Professores do Instituto de Tecnologia de Karlsruhe
Professores de engenharia

Emil Kirschbaum


Arnold Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Arnold Township (Missouri)
 Arnold Township (Nebraska)

Arnold Township


Tema Dalmacija (grčki: θέμα Δαλματίας/Δελματίας, thema Dalmatias/Delmatias) bila je bizantska tema (vojno-civilna provincija) na istočnoj obali Jadranskog mora u jugoistočnoj Europi, sa sjedištem u Diadori/Jaderi (Zadru).

Početkom 9. stoljeća zadarski biskup Donat i gradski knez Pavao posredovali su u sporu između Svetog Rimskog Carstva pod Pipinom Malim i Bizantskog Carstva. Franci su neko vrijeme držali sjevernu Dalmaciju i Zadar, ali je grad vraćen Bizantu odlukom Aachenskog mira iz 812. Međutim nije jasno je li regija nakon toga bila pod stvarnom, a ne nominalnom bizantskom vlašću; čini se da su lokalni latinski gradovi bili gotovo neovisni. Ipak, u Taktikonu Uspenskom iz 842. spominje se arhont Dalmacije, dok pečat nekog "stratega Dalmacije" iz prve polovice stoljeća možda ukazuje i na ranije postojanje dalmatinske teme, barem nakratko.

Značenje geografskog pojma "Dalmacija", nakon avarskih i slavenskih napada suženo je na gradove i njihovo neposredno zaleđe.

Tema Dalmacija nominalno je osnovana za vladavine cara Bazilija I. tijekom 870-ih. Tema se odnosila na dalmatinske gradove-države koji su na taj način u Bizantu našli vojnog zaštitnika. U njoj su bili dalmatinski gradovi (s okolicom) Jadera (Zadar), Spalatum (Split), Crespa (Cres), Arba (Rab), Tragurium (Trogir), Vecla (Krk), Ragusium (Dubrovnik) i Cattarum (Kotor), dok su po unutrašnjosti Dalmacije i Liburnije (sjeverna Dalmacija) vladali hrvatski knezovi.

O prilikama u Dalmaciji za ranog srednjeg vijeka ima vrlo malo pisanih dokumenata. Neki od navoda pišu da je tijekom ustanka Ljudevita Posavskog (819. – 822.) s Francima i njihovim vazalima, Hrvatima pod vodstvom kneza Primorske Hrvatske Borne kojeg naziva knezom Dalmacije i Liburnije (dux Dalmatiae atque Liburniae), Johanes, dalmatinski arhont iz Zadra, primio episkopa Fortunata, koji je pomagao Ljudevitu u borbi protiv Franaka.

O Temi Dalmacija najviše je pisao bizantski car Konstantin Porfirogenet u svom djelu De administrando imperio u 30. poglavlju. On navodi da je cijela Dalmacija i narodi oko nje bila pod vlašću Bizanta sve do vremena Mihajla II. Amorijskog, kada su stvari krenule loše. Tad su od bizantske vlasti otpali dalmatinski gradovi, ali i okolna slavenska plemena. Takve prilike su, prema Porfirogenetu, potrajale sve do vladavine njegovog djeda Bazilija I., koji je ponovo uspostavio bizantsku vlast.

On navodi da su Saraceni nakon opsade Barija841., krenuli na Ragusu (Dubrovnik) kojeg su opsjeli 866. godine. Zbog tog je Bazilije krenuo sa vojskom na zapad da spasi Dubrovnik, ali i da povrati uzdrmanu vlast na istočnoj obali Jadrana. Dubrovnik je spasio, ali je morao priznati realnost da nemože osigurati vlast u zaleđu Jadrana, pa je pristao na kompromis i podjelu vlast sa pokršetnim Hrvatima, kojima je dao privilegiju da ubiru porez od gradova Dalmatinske teme (umjesto statega). Pa tako navodi da je Split morao slavenskom arhontu (knezu) plaćati porez od 200 nomismata, Trogir 100, Zadar 110, Osor 100, Rab 100, Krk 100 (ukupno 710 nomismata), pored vina i drugih stvari.

Dužnost stratega u Temi Dalmacija nominalno je vršio je arhont Zadra. Ženidbom hrvatskog kralja Mihajla Krešimira II. za Jelenu Madijevku, kćer zadarskog arhonta i stratega. Ulogu stratega preuzima njihov sin Stjepan Držislav, te pojam strateg postaje sinonim s njegovom titulom kralja Hrvatske i Dalmacije (Rex Croatiae et Dalmatiae).

Ustroj Teme Dalmacije gubi se krajem 11. stoljeća kada dolazi do slabljenja Hrvatskog Kraljevstva i bizantske moći. Novi gospodari istoćnog Jadrana postaju Mlečani koji su vodili borbe s hrvatsko-ugarskim kraljevima za potpunu kontrolu dalmatinskih gradova, koji će svoju autonomiju na ovaj ili onaj način zadržati još 3 stoljeća.

Izvori

Literatura
 Cattalinich, Giovanni. Storia della Dalmazia (Books 1-2; editore Battara, 1834). Oxford University. Oxford, 2007
 Jackson, Thomas. Dalmatia, the Quarnero and Istria with Cettigne in Montenegro and the Island of Grado. Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1887

Bizant
Povijest Dalmacije
Hrvatska za narodnih vladara

Tema Dalmacija


Gerardus (Gerard) 't Hooft (; born July 5, 1946) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and professor at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. He shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics with his thesis advisor Martinus J. G. Veltman "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions".

His work concentrates on gauge theory, black holes, quantum gravity and fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. His contributions to physics include a proof that gauge theories are renormalizable, dimensional regularization and the holographic principle.

Biography

Early life
Gerard 't Hooft was born in Den Helder on July 5, 1946, but grew up in The Hague. He was the middle child of a family of three. He comes from a family of scholars. His great uncle was Nobel prize laureate Frits Zernike, and his grandmother was married to Pieter Nicolaas van Kampen, a professor of zoology at Leiden University. His uncle Nico van Kampen was an (emeritus) professor of theoretical physics at Utrecht University, and his mother married a maritime engineer. Following his family's footsteps, he showed interest in science at an early age. When his primary school teacher asked him what he wanted to be when he grew up, he replied, "a man who knows everything."

After primary school Gerard attended the Dalton Lyceum, a school that applied the ideas of the Dalton Plan, an educational method that suited him well. He excelled at science and mathematics courses. At the age of sixteen he won a silver medal in the second Dutch Math Olympiad.

Education
After Gerard 't Hooft passed his high school exams in 1964, he enrolled in the physics program at Utrecht University. He opted for Utrecht instead of the much closer Leiden, because his uncle was a professor there and he wanted to attend his lectures. Because he was so focused on science, his father insisted that he join the Utrechtsch Studenten Corps, a student association, in the hope that he would do something else besides studying. This worked to some extent; during his studies he was a coxswain with their rowing club "Triton" and organized a national congress for science students with their science discussion club "Christiaan Huygens".

In the course of his studies he decided he wanted to go into what he perceived as the heart of theoretical physics, elementary particles. His uncle had grown to dislike the subject and in particular its practitioners, so when it became time to write his doctoraalscriptie (former name of the Dutch equivalent of a master's thesis) in 1968, 't Hooft turned to the newly appointed professor Martinus Veltman, who specialized in Yang–Mills theory, a relatively fringe subject at the time because it was thought that these could not be renormalized. His assignment was to study the Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly, a mismatch in the theory of the decay of neutral pions; formal arguments forbid the decay into photons, whereas practical calculations and experiments showed that this was the primary form of decay. The resolution of the problem was completely unknown at the time, and 't Hooft was unable to provide one.

In 1969, 't Hooft started on his doctoral research with Martinus Veltman as his advisor. He would work on the same subject Veltman was working on, the renormalization of Yang–Mills theories. In 1971 his first paper was published. In it he showed how to renormalize massless Yang–Mills fields, and was able to derive relations between amplitudes, which would be generalized by Andrei Slavnov and John C. Taylor, and become known as the Slavnov–Taylor identities.

The world took little notice, but Veltman was excited because he saw that the problem he had been working on was solved. A period of intense collaboration followed in which they developed the technique of dimensional regularization. Soon 't Hooft's second paper was ready to be published, in which he showed that Yang–Mills theories with massive fields due to spontaneous symmetry breaking could be renormalized. This paper earned them worldwide recognition, and would ultimately earn the pair the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics.

These two papers formed the basis of 't Hooft's dissertation, The Renormalization procedure for Yang–Mills Fields, and he obtained his PhD degree in 1972. In the same year he married his wife, Albertha A. Schik, a student of medicine in Utrecht.

Career

After obtaining his doctorate 't Hooft went to CERN in Geneva, where he had a fellowship. He further refined his methods for Yang–Mills theories with Veltman (who went back to Geneva). In this time he became interested in the possibility that the strong interaction could be described as a massless Yang–Mills theory, i.e. one of a type that he had just proved to be renormalizable and hence be susceptible to detailed calculation and comparison with experiment.

According to 't Hooft's calculations, this type of theory possessed just the right kind of scaling properties (asymptotic freedom) that this theory should have according to deep inelastic scattering experiments. This was contrary to popular perception of Yang–Mills theories at the time, that like gravitation and electrodynamics, their intensity should decrease with increasing distance between the interacting particles; such conventional behaviour with distance was unable to explain the results of deep inelastic scattering, whereas 't Hooft's calculations could.

When 't Hooft mentioned his results at a small conference at Marseilles in 1972, Kurt Symanzik urged him to publish this result; but 't Hooft did not, and the result was eventually rediscovered and published by Hugh David Politzer, David Gross, and Frank Wilczek in 1973, which led to their earning the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.

In 1974, 't Hooft returned to Utrecht where he became assistant professor. In 1976, he was invited for a guest position at Stanford and a position at Harvard as Morris Loeb lecturer. His eldest daughter, Saskia Anne, was born in Boston, while his second daughter, Ellen Marga, was born in 1978 after he returned to Utrecht, where he was made full professor. In the academic year 1987-1988 't Hooft spent a sabbatical in the Boston University Physics Department along with Howard Georgi, Robert Jaffe and others arranged by the then new Department chair Lawrence Sulak.

In 2007 't Hooft became editor-in-chief for Foundations of Physics, where he sought to distance the journal from the controversy of ECE theory. 't Hooft held the position until 2016.

On July 1, 2011 he was appointed Distinguished professor by Utrecht University.

Personal life
He is married to Albertha Schik (Betteke) and has two daughters.

Honors
In 1999 't Hooft shared the Nobel prize in Physics with his thesis adviser Veltman for "elucidating the quantum structure of the electroweak interactions in physics". Before that time his work had already been recognized by other notable awards. In 1981, he was awarded the Wolf Prize, possibly the most prestigious prize in physics after the Nobel prize. Five years later he received the Lorentz Medal, awarded every four years in recognition of the most important contributions in theoretical physics. In 1995, he was one of the first recipients of the Spinozapremie, the highest award available to scientists in the Netherlands. In the same year he was also honoured with a Franklin Medal. In 2000, 't Hooft received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

Since his Nobel Prize, 't Hooft has received a slew of awards, honorary doctorates and honorary professorships. He was knighted commander in the Order of the Netherlands Lion, and officer in the French Legion of Honor. The asteroid 9491 Thooft has been named in his honor, and he has written a constitution for its future inhabitants.

He is a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) since 1982, where he was made academy professor in 2003. He is also a foreign member of many other science academies, including the French Académie des Sciences, the American National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Britain and Ireland based Institute of Physics.

't Hooft has appeared in season 3 of Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman.

Research
't Hooft's research interest can be divided in three main directions: 'gauge theories in elementary particle physics', 'quantum gravity and black holes', and 'foundational aspects of quantum mechanics'.

Gauge theories in elementary particle physics
't Hooft is most famous for his contributions to the development of gauge theories in particle physics. The best known of these is the proof in his PhD thesis that Yang–Mills theories are renormalizable, for which he shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics. For this proof he introduced (with his adviser Veltman) the technique of dimensional regularization.

After his PhD, he became interested in the role of gauge theories in the strong interaction, the leading theory of which is called quantum chromodynamics or QCD. Much of his research focused on the problem of color confinement in QCD, i.e. the observational fact that only color neutral particles are observed at low energies. This led him to the discovery that SU(N) gauge theories simplify in the large N limit, a fact which has proved important in the examination of the conjectured correspondence between string theories in an Anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theories in one lower dimension. By solving the theory in one space and one time dimension, 't Hooft was able to derive a formula for the masses of mesons.

He also studied the role of so-called instanton contributions in QCD. His calculation showed that these contributions lead to an interaction between light quarks at low energies not present in the normal theory. Studying instanton solutions of Yang–Mills theories, 't Hooft discovered that spontaneously breaking a theory with SU(N) symmetry to a U(1) symmetry will lead to the existence of magnetic monopoles. These monopoles are called 't Hooft–Polyakov monopoles, after Alexander Polyakov, who independently obtained the same result.

As another piece in the color confinement puzzle 't Hooft introduced 't Hooft loops, which are the magnetic dual of Wilson loops. Using these operators he was able to classify different phases of QCD, which form the basis of the QCD phase diagram.

In 1986, he was finally able to show that instanton contributions solve the Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly, the topic of his master's thesis.

Quantum gravity and black holes

When Veltman and 't Hooft moved to CERN after 't Hooft obtained his PhD, Veltman's attention was drawn to the possibility of using their dimensional regularization techniques to the problem of quantizing gravity. Although it was known that perturbative quantum gravity was not completely renormalizible, they felt important lessons were to be learned by studying the formal renormalization of the theory order by order. This work would be continued by Stanley Deser and another PhD student of Veltman, Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, who later found patterns in the renormalization counter terms, which led to the discovery of supergravity.

In the 1980s, 't Hooft's attention was drawn to the subject of gravity in 3 spacetime dimensions. Together with Deser and Jackiw he published an article in 1984 describing the dynamics of flat space where the only local degrees of freedom were propagating point defects. His attention returned to this model at various points in time, showing that Gott pairs would not cause causality violating timelike loops, and showing how the model could be quantized. More recently he proposed generalizing this piecewise flat model of gravity to 4 spacetime dimensions.

With Stephen Hawking's discovery of Hawking radiation of black holes, it appeared that the evaporation of these objects violated a fundamental property of quantum mechanics, unitarity. 't Hooft refused to accept this problem, known as the black hole information paradox, and assumed that this must be the result of the semi-classical treatment of Hawking, and that it should not appear in a full theory of quantum gravity. He proposed that it might be possible to study some of the properties of such a theory, by assuming that such a theory was unitary.

Using this approach he has argued that near a black hole, quantum fields could be described by a theory in a lower dimension. This led to the introduction of the holographic principle by him and Leonard Susskind.

Fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics
't Hooft has "deviating views on the physical interpretation of quantum theory". He believes that there could be a deterministic explanation underlying quantum mechanics. Using a speculative model he has argued that such a theory could avoid the usual Bell inequality arguments that would disallow such a local hidden-variable theory. In 2016 he published a book length exposition of his ideas which, according to 't Hooft, has encountered mixed reactions.

Popular publications

Academic publications

See also

 Asymptotic freedom
 Center vortex
 Naturalness (physics)
 Pauli–Villars regularization
 Slavnov–Taylor identities
 Superdeterminism
 Mars One (Gerard 't Hooft is a main supporter of the project)

References

External links

 Gerard 't Hooft (homepage)
 How To Become a Good Theoretical Physicist
  including the Nobel Lecture A Confrontation with Infinity
 Publications from Google Scholar
 Publications on the arXiv
 TVO.org video - Gerard t'Hooft lectures on Science Fiction and Reality Lecture delivered at the Perimeter Institute in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada on May 7, 2008

1946 births
Living people
20th-century Dutch physicists
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Nobel laureates in Physics
Dutch Nobel laureates
Utrecht University alumni
Academic staff of Utrecht University
Wolf Prize in Physics laureates
Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Lorentz Medal winners
Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal
People from Den Helder
Scientists from Utrecht (city)
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Spinoza Prize winners
Theoretical physicists
Mars One
People associated with CERN
21st-century Dutch physicists
Recipients of Franklin Medal

Gerard 't Hooft


The Battle of Kay (), also referred to as the Battle of Sulechów, Battle of Züllichau, or Battle of Paltzig, was an engagement fought on 23 July 1759 during the Seven Years' War. It occurred near Kay (Kije) in the Neumark, now part of Poland.

General Carl Heinrich von Wedel, the commander of the Prussian army of 26,000 men, attacked a larger Russian army of 41,000 men commanded by Count Pyotr Saltykov. The Prussians lost 6,800–8,300 men; the Russians lost 4,804. After the battle, King Frederick II of Prussia was determined to force the Russians into a decisive engagement in order to prevent them joining up with the main Austrian army. Three weeks later, the Prussians met the combined Russian-Austrian army at Kunersdorf.

Situation in the Seven Years' War

By 1759, Prussia had reached a strategic defensive position in the war. Upon leaving winter quarters in April 1759, Frederick assembled his army in Lower Silesia; this forced the main Habsburg army to remain in its winter staging position in Bohemia. The Russians, however, shifted their forces into western Poland and marched westward toward the Oder river, a move that threatened the Prussian heartland, Brandenburg, and potentially Berlin itself. Frederick countered by sending an army corps commanded by Friedrich August von Finck to contain the Russians; he sent a second column commanded by Christoph II von Dohna to support Finck.

The Austrian and Russian goal was twofold. The Austrians had advanced to the northern Bohemian frontier river Queis (Kwisa), the frontier between Lusatia and Silesia, and occupied a  of the frontier between Austria and Prussia in Silesia. From there, Leopold Joseph von Daun could cross into either Lusatia or Silesia, as needed. The Allies held a council of war on 8 July, and Saltykov pressed for a crossing into Silesia. Daun was still reluctant to do so, but he did send Ernst Gideon von Laudon with the auxiliary corps. Part of Daun's reluctance was based on what Frederick and his brother, Henry, might do.

Frederick left his encampment near Landeshut on 4 July and marched north west toward Lowenberg,  east of Daun's position on 10 July. At the same time, his brother marched with the main army from Saxony to Sagan, in Silesia. This effectively separated Daun from Saltykov. Knowing, though, that Loudon's corps was not sufficient to fully support the Russian ally, he sent also Count András Hadik's 17,000-man observation corps  from northern Bohemia. This corps had been shadowing Henry's army and Hadik broke off his contact with Henry's force on 22 July, crossing into Lusatia at Zwickau.

Dispositions

Upon orders from Empress Elizabeth, Saltykov moved on Prussia in a methodical advance beginning in June 1759. Some estimates place his army as high as 70,000 men; others suggest he had approximately 41,000 in June and July. Upon learning of this advance, Frederick ordered General Dohna to halt the Russian westward advance. Dohna had a force of 26,000 at his disposal, including several companies of cavalry.

In mid-July, Dohna and Saltykov spent a week feinting with each other as Saltykov drew closer to the Prussian border. On 14 July, he turned southwest, making for the Oder river, somewhere between Crossen and Glogau. By 19 July, he had reached the Silesian front near Züllichau (Sulechów), where Saltykov planned to rest his troops for a couple of days.
The third commander of the Russian force in three years, he was still relatively new to the command of this army, and spent a couple of days consulting with his chief officers and getting to know the strengths and weaknesses of his army, and letting them get to know him.  In a course of meetings with his staff, however, he excluded the Austrian commanders with him, a telling comment on his distrust of the Habsburg staff.

Monitoring this from afar, and dissatisfied with Dohna's timidity in bringing Saltykov to battle, Frederick sent Carl Heinrich von Wedel to take command. Wedel arrived on 20 July and established a blocking position at Züllichau. This would prevent the Russians from entering Prussian territory and reaching the Oder. He wanted to attack the Russians at dawn the next day, but could not find an appropriately weak location in the Russian defenses.

On the same day as Wedel arrived, 20 July, Saltykov established himself astride the Prussian communication line at the Oder, strengthening his already formidable position. This effectively cut any Prussian advance or reinforcement from Crossen (Krosno) or Frankfurt on the Oder. At this point, the Russians occupied the heights by Kay and additional high ground by Mosau (Mozów). A stream, the Eichmühlen Fliess, flowed in a swampy depression just to the east of the town. It could be crossed only at a single narrow point on the road east of Kay, directly opposite the Russian center; a second crossing could be made immediately south of Kay, which would permit an assault on the Russian right flank. This seemed reasonable to Wedel, but only if the Russians were not fully deployed.

By 23 July, Wedel had received direct orders from the impatient Frederick to secure a "good position", by which the king meant defensible ground, and to use the preferred means of attack, by which the King meant "oblique order". Wedel knew he must bring the Russians to battle before they could move on Frankfurt or risk his reputation with the King. On 23 July, Wedel ordered another reconnaissance of Saltykov's troops at Langen Meil, a small settlement outside Kay, and found them in motion; assuming they meant to move on Frankfurt, he subsequently ordered an advance on the Russian right flank. Wedel's best opportunity seemed to be securing the Paltzig heights before the Russians could do so, and the best way to do that would be through Kay.

Battle
The Prussian army marched in two columns toward Kay, one on the road directly to Kay, and the other on the road to Mosau. Barely had they emerged from the ravines surrounding the town when they fell into combat with some Russian skirmishers. The Prussians repulsed the initial group, but the arrival of reinforcement meant the onset of generalized action. The Russians subsequently fired on the Prussians from the heights surrounding Kay. General Heinrich von Manteuffel took six battalions and attacked on the artillery; initially they threw him back. A contemporary participant maintained that Manteuffel succeeded in over-running the positions and took 40 pieces of cannon, but there is no official evidence to support his statement. There were three assaults at Kay in that afternoon, and each was thrown back.

General Manteuffel had been injured in the attack on the position. Wedel ordered a full cavalry assault through the woods and against the Russian right flank. When the superior Russian force countered, Prussian momentum faltered with the lack of a second column of timely reinforcement. Repeated assaults on the Russians entrenched in the heights resulted in massive losses for the Prussians. In the last of these assaults, Moritz Franz Kasimir von Wobersnow led eight battalions and six squadrons from Züllichau against the Russian right wing. At the same time his cavalry penetrated the enemy's infantry line, but the Russian cavalry, supported by gun-fire, drove them and the infantry back into the low ground.

Aftermath
In the second assault, Manteufel was injured and in the final one, General Wobersnow was killed. Wedel lost up to 8,300 of his troops, although Frederick saw fit to announce losses of only 800, and placed Russian losses at over 7,000. Frederick also blamed the troops, calling them cowardly "scoundrels" despite their repeated and suicidal assaults. He eventually estimated Prussian losses at 1,400, and the Russian losses at 14,000, but he was fooling himself.

The loss at Kay laid open the road to the Oder river and by 28 July Saltykov's troops had reached Crossen. He did not enter Prussia at this point, though, largely due to his problematic relationship with the Austrians. Neither Saltykov or Daun trusted one another; Saltykov neither spoke German nor trusted the translator.  Daun did not want to risk losing his entire force. Although Frederick had departed from Saxony in early July, and his brother had marched north at that time too, Daun feared that either of these armies would double back. This not only would prevent him from uniting with Saltykov's army, it could expose his army to Frederick's overpowering force. Instead, Daun sent his auxiliary corps, commanded by Loudon to join with Saltykov. Upon hearing this news, Saltykov considered Daun to be hesitant and dilatory. Eventually, Hadik and Loudon joined at Priebus (Przewóz),  north of Görlitz, on 29 July. In the meantime, Daun had sent additional reinforcements to Loudon, some of the best regiments of the Austrian army; by the time Loudon would reach  the Oder, Daun calculated that his force would be at least 20,000, certainly sufficient to shore up Saltykov's already sizable force. On 3 August, the Russians occupied Frankfurt, while the main army camped outside the city on the east bank, and began constructing field fortifications, in preparation for Frederick's eventual arrival. By the following week, Daun's reinforcements joined forces with Saltykov at Kunersdorf.

References, notes and citations

Notes

Citations

Sources

Dowling, Timothy C.  Russia at War. ABC-CLIO, 2014,
Lloyd, Henry.  The History of the Late War in Germany, T. and J. Egerton, 1781-90.
Poten, Bernhard von. " Wobersnow, Moritz Franz Kasimir von", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 43 (1898), p. 700, Digitale Volltext-Ausgabe in Wikisource, Wobersnow (Version of 7 December 2016, 19:31 Uhr UTC)
Szabo, Franz. The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763. Routledge, 2013,  .
Zabecki, David T. Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. ABC-CLIO, 2014,

External links

Battle of Kay
Battles of the Seven Years' War
Battles involving Russia
Battles involving Prussia
Battles in Brandenburg
1759 in Europe
1759 in the Holy Roman Empire
Battles of the Silesian Wars

Battle of Kay


Hinterhuberinae, podtribus glavočika,  dio tribusa Astereae. Postoji tzridesetak rodova; tipičan je Hinterhubera iz Južne Amerike; a od poznatijih su i pteronija (Pteronia), olearia (Olearia), pahistegija (Pachystegia) i drugi.

Rodovi

 Achnophora F.Muell.
 Aztecaster G.L.Nesom
 Blakiella Cuatrec.
 Cabreraea Bonif.
 Celmisia Cass.
 Chiliophyllum Phil.
 Chiliotrichiopsis Cabrera
 Chiliotrichum Cass.
 Damnamenia D.R.Given
 Diplostephium Kunth
 Dysaster H.Rob. & V.A.Funk
 Floscaldasia Cuatrec.
 Flosmutisia Cuatrec.
 Guynesomia Bonif. & G.Sancho
 Haroldia Bonif.
 Hinterhubera Sch.Bip.
 Katinasia Bonif.
 Kieslingia Faúndez, Saldivia & A.E.Martic.
 Laestadia Kunth ex Less.
 Lepidophyllum Cass.
 Llerasia Triana
 Nardophyllum Hook. & Arn.
 Novenia S.E.Freire
 Olearia Moench
 Oritrophium (Kunth) Cuatrec.
 Pachystegia Cheeseman
 Pacifigeron G.L.Nesom
 Parastrephia Nutt.
 Piofontia Cuatrec.
 Pleurophyllum Hook.f.
 Pteronia L.
 Remya Hillebr. ex Benth. & Hook.f.
 Rochonia DC.
 Westoniella Cuatrec.

Izvori

Astereae

Hinterhuberinae


Ana Đurić (Ignjatović, rođena 12. listopada 1978), profesionalno poznata kao Konstrakta, srpska je kantautorica. Prije nego što je nastavila solo karijeru 2019. godine, postala je istaknuta kao vodeći vokal indie pop sastava Zemlja gruva! koja je osnovana 2007. godine.

Konstrakta je značajniju slavu stekla nakon što je s pjesmom "In corpore sano" pobijedila na nacionalnom natjecanju Beoviziji za Pjesmu Eurovizije 2022. koja je održana u talijanskom gradu Torinu.

Karijera
Debitirala je kao članica manje poznate grupe pod nazivom Mistakemistake, ali je stekla početno priznanje kao pjevač beogradskog benda Zemlja gruva!. Izdali su tri studijska albuma: WTF Is Gruveland? (2010.), Dino u Zemlji Gruva ( Dino in Grooveland, 2013.), koja je obradila pjesme hrvatskog pjevača Dina Dvornika, te Šta stvarno želiš? (2016). Neki od najpoznatijih hitova benda su "Najlepše želje " (2010), "Nisam znala da sam ovo htela" (2011) i "Jače manijače". Zemlja gruva! sudjelovao je na glazbenom festivalu Beovizija 2008. i 2009. sa "Čudesnim svetovima " i "Svejedno mi je".

Objavom solo singla "Žvake" u lipnju 2019. Konstrakta je nastavila solo karijeru. U ožujku 2020. objavila je "Neam šamana", inspiriranu tabloidnim člankom o Emini Jahović koja traži pomoć od šamana da prebrodi razvod od Mustafe Sandala.

Eurovizija 2022
Konstrakta je 28. veljače 2022. objavila svoj projekt Triptih, 12-minutni spot za tri pjesme – "Nobl", " In corpore sano" i "Mekano". Koncept je bila ideja same Konstraktе, uz Anu Rodić i Maju Uzelac, od kojih je potonja i režirala spot. Spot i pjesme ilustriraju suvremeni život u Srbiji, svaka na svoj način.

Dana 8. veljače 2022, "In corpore sano" je najavljena kao jedna od 36 prijava za nacionalni selekcijski festival emitiran na Radio televiziji Srbije za odabir predstavnika Srbije za Eurosong 2022. Ušavši u natjecanje kao autsajder, Konstrakta je brzo stekla popularnost nakon nastupa u prvom polufinalu 3. ožujka, gdje je zauzela drugo mjesto i tako se kvalificirala u finale. U finalu, održanom 5. ožujka, "In corpore sano" je pobijedio i na glasovanju žirija i na glasovanju javnosti, dobivši 31,34 % glasova javnosti i time pobijedivši u natjecanju.

Osobni život
Konstrakta je diplomirala na Arhitektonskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Beogradu  2009. godine udala se za kolegu arhitekta Milana Đurića s kojim ima sina Nikolu i kćer Lenu.

Izvori

Srbijanski pjevači
Glazbenici

Konstrakta


NGC 7237 je eliptična galaktika u zviježđu Pegazu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 7237
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 7237 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 7237 DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 7200 - 7249

7237

NGC 7237


6730 Ikeda este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
6730 Ikeda este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Oohira de Takeshi Urata. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,12 ua, o excentricitate de 0,15 și o înclinație de 18,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 6001-7000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1992
Centura de asteroizi

6730 Ikeda


Anton Leopold, (Frakanava-Dolnja Pulja, Gradišće, Austrija, 13. lipnja 1928. – ´Beč, 8. svibnja 2021.), hrvatski književnik, pjesnik, fotograf, gradišćanski Hrvat, član austrijskog kluba P.E.N. i Društva hrvatskih književnika.

Pripadnik t.zv. "generacije na mostu" književnika gradišćanskih Hrvata (Fridrik Bintinger, Augustin Blazović, Robert Hajszan, Pavao Horvath, Martin Jordanić, Mate Kočiš, Štefan Kokošić, Anton Leopold, Franjo Meršić, Franjo Palković, Vilijam Pokorny, Tedi Prior, Bela Schreiner, Ferdo Sinković, Feri Sučić, Mate Šinković, Ljudevit Škrapić, Ana Šoretić, Peter Tažky, Milo Vašak, Joško Weidinger, s time da Martina Jordanića, Anu Šoretić i Petra Tažkoga ne smijemo jednoznačno uvrstiti. Augustin Blazović je ovu generaciju nazvao tako jer One bi htile biti most u dvostrukom smislu: 1. Most od Miloradića k modernoj liri,... 2. Most k književnom jeziku."

Djela

 Cvijeće iz Gradišća (Blumen aus dem Burgenland), 1954.
 Gradišćanski hrvatski gaj (Burgenländischkroatischer Hain), 1967.
 Štorice i pjesme (Erzählungen und Gedichte), 1989.
 Hrvatske povidajke (Kroatische Geschichten) 1992.
 Svitli kolobar (Der helle Kreis), 1995.
 Sunce domovine (Die Sonne der Heimat) 1996.
 Pjesma je moj razgovor (Das Gedicht ist mein Gespräch), CD, 2009.
 Ptici i slavuji - Hawks and nightingales., Herausgeber Peter Tyran, Wien: Verlag Braumüller 1983.

Galerija

Izvori

Književnici gradišćanskih Hrvata

Anton Leopold


31105 Oguniyamagata este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
31105 Oguniyamagata este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nanyo de Tomimaru Okuni. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,21 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 5,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 31001-32000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1997
Centura de asteroizi

31105 Oguniyamagata


Bertatoppur (fræðiheiti Lonicera alberti) er runni af geitblaðsætt ættaður frá vesturhluta Asíu (Kasakstan, Kirgistan, Tadjikistan, Xinjiang).

Hann hefur verið reyndur lítið eitt á Íslandi.

Heimild

Geitblaðsætt

Bertatoppur


Westworld is a 1973 American science fiction Western film written and directed by Michael Crichton. The film follows adult guests visiting an interactive amusement park containing lifelike androids that unexpectedly begin to malfunction. The film stars Yul Brynner as an android in the amusement park, with Richard Benjamin and James Brolin as guests of the park.

The film was from an original screenplay by Crichton and was his first theatrical film as director, after one TV film. It was also the first feature film to use digital image processing to pixellate photography to simulate an android point of view. Critical reception was largely positive by contemporary and retrospective critics and Westworld was nominated for Hugo, Nebula, and Saturn awards.

Westworld was followed by a sequel, Futureworld (1976), and a short-lived television series, Beyond Westworld (1980). A television series based on the film debuted in 2016 on HBO.

Plot
In the near future, a high-tech, highly realistic adult amusement park called Delos features three themed "worlds": Western World (the American Old West), Medieval World (medieval Europe) and Roman World (the ancient Roman city of Pompeii). The resort's three "worlds" are populated with lifelike androids that are practically indistinguishable from human beings, each programmed in character for their historical environment. For $1,000 per day, guests may indulge in any adventure with the android population of the park, including sexual encounters and a simulated fight to the death. Delos's tagline in its advertising promises "Boy, have we got a vacation for you!"

Peter Martin, a first-time Delos visitor and his friend John Blane, on a repeat visit, go to Westworld. One of the attractions is the Gunslinger, an android programmed to instigate gunfights. The firearms issued to the park guests have temperature sensors that prevent them from shooting anything with a high body temperature, such as humans, but allow them to "kill" the cold-blooded androids. The Gunslinger's programming allows guests to draw their guns and kill it, with the android always returning the next day for another duel.

The technicians running Delos notice problems beginning to spread like an infection among the androids: the androids in Roman World and Medieval World begin experiencing an increasing number of breakdowns and systemic failures, which are said to have spread to Westworld. When one of the supervising computer scientists scoffs at the "analogy of an infectious disease", he is told by the chief supervisor, "We aren't dealing with ordinary machines here. These are highly complicated pieces of equipment, almost as complicated as living organisms. In some cases, they've been designed by other computers. We don't know exactly how they work."

After a night spent with two robotic ladies of the evening, John is accosted by the same gunslinger Peter killed in the saloon the previous day.  Peter bursts into the room and once again shoots the gunslinger dead. Peter is jailed awaiting trial, so John breaks him out and the two head out of town.

The malfunctions become more serious when a robotic rattlesnake bites John in Westworld and against its program, a female android refuses a guest's advances in Medieval World. The failures escalate until Medieval World's Black Knight android kills a guest in a sword fight. The resort's supervisors try to regain control by shutting down power to the park. The shutdown traps them in central control when the doors automatically lock, and they are unable to turn the power back on and escape. The androids in all three worlds run amok, operating on reserve power.

Peter and John, recovering from a drunken bar-room brawl, wake up in Westworld's brothel, unaware of the park's breakdown. When the Gunslinger challenges the men to a showdown, John treats the confrontation as an amusement but the android shoots and kills him. Peter runs for his life and the android implacably follows.

Peter flees to the other areas of the park but finds only dead guests, damaged androids and a panicked technician attempting to escape Delos, who is soon shot dead by the Gunslinger. Peter climbs down through a manhole in Roman World into the underground control complex and discovers that the resort's computer technicians suffocated in the control room when the ventilation system shut down. The Gunslinger stalks him through the underground corridors, so he runs away until he enters an android-repair laboratory. When the Gunslinger enters the room, Peter pretends to be an android lying on a table for repairs before throwing acid into the Gunslinger's face. Peter flees, returning to the surface inside the Medieval World castle.

With its optical inputs damaged by the acid, the Gunslinger is unable to track Peter visually and tries instead to find him using its infrared scanners. Peter realizes this as he stands beneath the flaming torches of the Great Hall and discovers that they mask his presence from the android. He sets it on fire with one of the torches and leaves it to burn. Peter hears a call in the dungeon and finds a chained woman begging for help. He gives her water but this causes her to short-circuit and shutdown; Peter is shocked as he did not realize she was a robot. The burned shell of the Gunslinger attacks him once again on the dungeon steps before succumbing to its damage. The movie ends with Peter sitting on the dungeon steps in a state of near-exhaustion and shock, as the memory of Delos' marketing slogan resonates: "Boy, have we got a vacation for you!"

Cast

 Yul Brynner as the Gunslinger
 Richard Benjamin as Peter Martin
 James Brolin as John Blane
 Norman Bartold as Medieval Knight
 Alan Oppenheimer as the Chief Supervisor
 Victoria Shaw as the Medieval Queen
 Dick Van Patten as the Banker
 Linda Gaye Scott as Arlette, the French saloon prostitute
 Steve Franken as the Delos technician shot dead by the Gunslinger
 Michael Mikler as the Black Knight
 Terry Wilson as the Sheriff
 Majel Barrett as Miss Carrie, madame of the Westworld bordello
 Anne Randall as Daphne, the serving-maid who refuses the Medieval Knight's advances
 Robert Hogan as Ed Wren (uncredited)
 Kenneth Washington as Technician (uncredited)
 Nora Marlowe as the Hostess
 Charles Seel as the Bellhop
 Robert Patten as the Technician

Production

Screenplay
Crichton said he did not wish to make his feature directorial debut (after one TV film – 1972's Pursuit) with science fiction but "That's the only way I could get the studio to let me direct. People think I'm good at it I guess."

Crichton's agent introduced him to producer Paul N. Lazarus III; they became friends and decided to make a film together. The script was written in August 1972. Lazarus said he asked Crichton why he did not tell the story as a book; Crichton said he felt the story was visual and would not really work as a book.

The script was offered to all the major studios. They all turned down the project except for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, then under head of production Dan Melnick and president James T. Aubrey. Crichton said

Crichton said pre-production was difficult. MGM demanded script changes up to the first day of shooting and the leads were not signed until 48 hours before shooting began. Crichton said he had no control over casting and MGM originally would only make the film for under a million dollars but later increased this amount by $250,000. Crichton said that $250,000 of the budget was paid to the cast, $400,000 to the crew, and the remainder on everything else (including $75,000 for sets).

Principal photography
The film was shot in 30 days. To save time, Crichton tried to shoot only what was needed, with minimal takes. Westworld was filmed in several locations, including the Mojave Desert, the gardens of the Harold Lloyd Estate, several MGM sound stages and on the MGM backlot, one of the final films to be shot there before the backlot was sold to real estate developers and demolished. It was filmed with Panavision anamorphic lenses by Gene Polito.

Richard Benjamin later said he loved making the film:

The Gunslinger's appearance is based on Chris Adams, Brynner's character from The Magnificent Seven. The two characters' costumes are nearly identical. According to Lazarus, Yul Brynner agreed to play the role for only $75,000 ($), because he needed the money.

Crichton later wrote that "most of the situations in the film are cliches; they are incidents out of hundreds of old movies", so the scenes "should be shot as clichés. This dictated a conventional treatment in the choice of lenses and the staging". The original script and original ending of the movie culminated in a fight between Martin and the Gunslinger, which resulted in the Gunslinger being torn apart by a rack. Crichton said he "had liked the idea of a complex machine being destroyed by a simple machine" but when attempting it, "it seemed stagey and foolish", so the idea was dropped. He also wanted to open the film with shots of a hovercraft traveling over the desert but was unable to get the effect he wanted within a limited budget, so this was dropped as well.

Score
The score for Westworld was composed by American composer Fred Karlin. It combines ersatz western scoring, source cues, and electronic music.

Post-production
In the published screenplay, Crichton explained how he re-edited the first cut of the movie because he was depressed by how long and boring it was. Scenes that were deleted from the rough cut include a bank robbery and sales room sequences, an opening with a hovercraft flying above the desert, additional and longer dialogue scenes, more scenes with robots attacking and killing guests including a scene where one guest is tied down to a rack and is killed when his arms are pulled out, a longer chase scene with the Gunslinger chasing Peter and one where the Gunslinger cleans his face with water after Peter throws acid on him. Crichton's assembly cut featured a different ending that included a fight between the Gunslinger and Peter and an alternate death scene in which the Gunslinger was killed on a rack. Once the film was completed on time, MGM authorized the shooting of some extra footage. A television commercial to open the film was added; because there was a writers' strike in Hollywood at the time, this was written by Steven Frankfurt, a New York advertising executive.

Digital image processing
Westworld was the first feature film to use digital image processing. Crichton originally went to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena but after learning that two minutes of animation would take nine months and cost $200,000, he contacted John Whitney Sr., who in turn recommended his son John Whitney Jr. The latter went to Information International, Inc., where they could work at night and complete the animation faster and cheaper. Whitney Jr. digitally processed motion picture photography at Information International, Inc. to appear pixelized to portray the Gunslinger android's point of view. The approximately 2 minutes and 31 seconds' worth of cinegraphic block portraiture was accomplished by color-separating (three basic color separations plus black mask) each frame of source 70 mm film images, scanning each of these elements to convert into rectangular blocks, then adding basic color according to the tone values developed. The resulting coarse pixel matrix was output back to film. The process was covered in the American Cinematographer article "Behind the scenes of Westworld" and in a 2013 New Yorker online article.

Reception

Box office
The film was released on an experimental regional saturation basis and grossed $2 million in its first week in 275 theatres in the Chicago, Detroit and Cleveland areas. It earned $4 million in rentals in the US and Canada by the end of 1973. After a re-release in 1976, it earned $7,365,000.

Book tie-in
Crichton's original screenplay was released as a mass-market paperback in conjunction with the film.

Critical response
Variety described the film as excellent, saying that it "combines solid entertainment, chilling topicality, and superbly intelligent serio-comic story values". Vincent Canby of the New York Times wrote that Crichton had made "a creditable debut as a film director", but "Crichton the director seems to have had more fun with the film than Crichton the writer, whose screenplay can offer us no better explanation for the sudden, bloody robot rebellion than an epidemic of 'central mechanism psychosis.'" Gene Siskel gave the film three stars out of four, calling the first half "exciting and provocative" but thinking much less of the second half which he thought deteriorated into an "illogical and meandering chase story. It is difficult to believe the same man wrote both halves of the film." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called it "a clever sci-fi fantasy ... with enough ingenuity and conviction to make it a successful diversion for those seeking novel rather than sophisticated entertainment." Jean M. White of the Washington Post wrote that "Crichton spends too much time establishing his robot world and short-circuits suspense with long, arid stretches of Grade B Western."

The film has a rating of 84% "Fresh" on Rotten Tomatoes based on 43 reviews. The site's consensus states: "Yul Brynner gives a memorable performance as a robotic cowboy in this amusing sci-fi/western hybrid." Reviewing the DVD release in September 2008, The Daily Telegraph reviewer Philip Horne described the film as a "richly suggestive, bleakly terrifying fable—and Brynner's performance is chillingly pitch-perfect."

American Film Institute lists
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – Nominated
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
 Robot Gunslinger – Nominated Villain
 AFI's 10 Top 10 – Nominated Science Fiction Film

After making the film, Crichton took a year off. "I was intensely fatigued by Westworld", he said later. "I was pleased but intimidated by the audience reaction. ... The laughs are in the wrong places. There was extreme tension where I hadn't planned it. I felt the reaction, and maybe the picture, was out of control." He believed that the film had been misunderstood as warning of the dangers of technology: "Everyone remembers the scene in Westworld where Yul Brynner is a robot that runs amok. But there is a very specific scene where people discuss whether or not to shut down the resort. I think the movie was as much about that decision as anything. They just didn't really think it was really going to happen." His real intention was to warn against corporate greed.

For him the picture marked the end of "about five years of science fiction/monster pictures for me". He took a break from the genre and wrote The Great Train Robbery.

Crichton did not make a film for another five years. He did try, and had one set up "but I insisted on a certain way of doing it and as a result it was never made."

Network television airings
Westworld was first aired on NBC television on February 28, 1976. The network aired a slightly longer version of the film than was shown in theaters or subsequently released on home video. Some of the extra scenes that were added for the United States television version are:
 Brief fly-by exterior shot of the hovercraft zooming just a few feet above the desert floor. In the theatrical version, all scenes involving the hovercraft were interior shots only.
 The scenes with the scientists having a meeting in the underground complex was much longer, giving more insight into their "virus" problem with the robots.
 A scene of technicians talking in the locker room about the work load of each robot world.
 There was a longer discussion between Peter and the sheriff after his arrest when he shot the Gunslinger.
 A scene in Medieval World in which a guest is tortured on the rack, which appears in the theatrical version only as a still image, was restored.
 The Gunslinger's chase of Peter through the three worlds was also extended.

Legacy
A sequel, Futureworld, was filmed in 1976, and produced by American International Pictures, and only distributed by MGM. Only Brynner returned from the original cast to reprise his Gunslinger character (in a dream sequence, as well as footage recapping the original), though it did provide details regarding the carnage: more than 50 guests killed and 95 staff members killed or wounded. Fred Karlin returned as composer.

Four years later, in 1980, the CBS television network aired a short-lived television series, Beyond Westworld, "which took the Futureworld concept of android doppelgangers, but ignored the movie itself, harking back to Westworld" with new characters. Its poor ratings caused it to be canceled after only three of the five episodes aired.  Only sound designer Richard S. Church was retained from the movie.

Crichton used similar plot elements—a high-tech amusement park running amok and a central control paralyzed by a power failure—in his bestselling novel Jurassic Park.

Westworld contains a reference to a computer virus, one of the earliest mentions of them in fiction. The analogy is made by the Chief Supervisor in a staff meeting where the spread of malfunctions across the park is discussed.

In 1996, Westworld 2000, a video game sequel to the film, was released by Byron Preiss Multimedia.

Beginning in 2002, trade publications reported that a Westworld remake starring Arnold Schwarzenegger was in production, and would be written by Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines screenwriters Michael Ferris and John Bracanto. Tarsem Singh was originally slated to direct, but left the project. Quentin Tarantino was approached, but turned it down. On January 19, 2011, Warner Bros announced that plans for the remake were still active.

In August 2013, it was announced that HBO had ordered a pilot for a Westworld TV series, to be produced by J. J. Abrams, Jonathan Nolan, and Jerry Weintraub. Nolan and his wife Lisa Joy were set to write and executive produce the series, with Nolan directing the pilot episode. Production began in July 2014 in Los Angeles. The new series premiered October 2, 2016. On April 22, 2020, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on June 26, 2022.

References

External links

1973 films
1973 directorial debut films
1970s Western (genre) science fiction films
1970s action thriller films
1970s dystopian films
1970s science fiction thriller films
American Western (genre) science fiction films
American action thriller films
American chase films
American dystopian films
American science fiction action films
American science fiction thriller films
Android (robot) films
Films directed by Michael Crichton
Films scored by Fred Karlin
Films set in 1983
Films set in amusement parks
Films set in the future
Films shot in California
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films with screenplays by Michael Crichton
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films

Westworld (film)


O Partido Comunista Australiano (Marxista-Leninista) (abrev. PCA) é um partido comunista australiano que descreve sua ideologia como sendo influenciada pelas obras de Karl Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao e Ted Hill. O partido foi formado em 1964 por ex-líderes do Partido Comunista da Austrália.

A teoria do partido é única entre os marxista-leninistas australianos devido à sua crença de que uma revolução para alcançar a independência nacional do imperialismo Americano principalmente é um passo essencial na luta para abranger uma República socialista na Austrália.

Fundação
O PCA foi formado no ano de 1964 como a manifestação do dentro do Partido Comunista da Austrália, que ocorreu parcialmente como resultado da submissão de alguns líderes do Partido Comunista da Austrália às afirmações soviéticas sobre o Movimento Comunista Internacional, contra a posição acordada do partido australiano sobre a ruptura sino-soviética. O nome surgiu devido à crença de que "a linha Marxista-Leninista é defendida sobretudo pelo Partido Comunista da China, e a linha não marxista é defendida pelos dirigentes do Partido Comunista da União Soviética ". Os líderes nacionais do Partido Comunista da Austrália endossaram formalmente o Partido Comunista Soviético, levando aqueles dentro da facção pró-China a acreditarem que o partido havia abandonado "os princípios universais do marxismo-leninismo".

A figura principal do grupo separatista foi Ted Hill, um advogado de Melbourne que havia sido secretário de estado vitoriano do CPA. Outras figuras notáveis foram Paddy Malone e Norm Gallagher da Builders Laborers Federation, Clarrie O'Shea do Tramways Union e Ted Bull da Waterside Workers Federation.

1970 a 1990
O partido exerceu influência considerável sobre o movimento estudantil militante na Austrália durante o final dos anos 1960 e início dos anos 1970 em campi como a Monash University e a LaTrobe University em Melbourne, bem como a Flinders University em Adelaide por meio de sua afiliada, a Worker-Student Alliance. Um líder notável da Worker-Student Alliance na época era o veterano ativista político Albert Langer.

O partido também teve uma influência considerável dentro do movimento sindical australiano desde o início até a década de 1980. Clarrie O'Shea era vice-presidente do partido na época de sua prisão em 1969, o que levou a uma greve geral sem precedentes em toda a Austrália até que sua libertação fosse garantida. Norm Gallagher liderou a Builders Laborers Federation por mais de uma década, período durante o qual ele foi uma figura nacionalmente conhecida e controversa. Outros membros do partido, como John Cummins e Jim Bacon, também foram figuras proeminentes do BLF nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. Nos anos que se seguiram ao cancelamento do registro do BLF em 1986, a influência do CPA (ML) dentro do movimento sindical começou a diminuir.

Durante as décadas de 1980 e 1990, a maioria dos membros fundadores do CPA (ML) morreram ou aposentaram-se. A aposentadoria de Ted Hill em 1986 e a morte em 1988 deixaram o partido sem sua figura pública mais reconhecida.

Atividade atual
O partido deixou de publicar uma versão impressa de seu jornal Vanguard regularmente no final de 2014. No entanto, continua a publicar uma edição especial do primeiro de maio do jornal a cada ano, bem como lança várias publicações periodicamente. Não se sabe quantos membros o partido tem, visto que mantém estrita observância de sua política de fundação de manter a grande maioria de seus membros em segredo. Eles têm um novo site desde 25 de outubro de 2014.

Ligações externas

Comunista

Partido Comunista da Austrália (Marxista-Leninista)


වික්ටෝරියා උද්‍යානය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, නුවරඑළිය නගරයේ ඉදි කොට ඇති, මහජන උද්‍යානයකි.

අතීතයේ නුවරඑළියේ සංචාරයකට පැමිණි ජර්මන් කුමරියක විසින්, සමාරම්භයේදී මෙම භූමිය තුල ඕක් පැලයක් ඉන්දුවා තිබෙන බවද සඳහන් වෙයි.

නම් කිරීම
1987 වර්ෂයේ යෙදී තුබුණු වික්ටෝරියා රැජිනගේ දියමන්ති සංවත්සරය සිහිවීම වෙනුවෙන්, උද්‍යානය වික්ටෝරියා උද්‍යානය ලෙස නම් කරන ලදී.

මේවාද බලන්න
විහාරමහාදේවී උද්‍යානය

මූලාශ්‍ර

නුවරඑළිය උද්‍යාන

වික්ටෝරියා උද්‍යානය, නුවරඑළිය


Rudolf Haferkorn ( - ) est un espérantiste allemand.

Biographie
Rudolf Haferkorn nait le  à Zittau, en Allemagne.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Espérantiste allemand
Espérantisation en 1920
Naissance en août 1896
Naissance à Zittau
Décès en octobre 1987
Décès à 91 ans

Rudolf Haferkorn


ألبريجو إيفاني  (ماسا، 1 يناير 1963)، لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي كان أحد أفراد منتخب إيطاليا لكرة القدم الفائز بالمركز الثاني في بطولة كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1994.

بدأ ألبريجو إيفاني مسيرته مع نادي إيه سي ميلان في موسم 1980/1981 حيث لعب في 296 مباراة سجل خلالها 14 هدفا، وانتقل في عام 1993 إلى نادي سمبدوريا وقضى أربعة مواسم لعب فيها 96 مباراة وسجل هدفين فقط، وفي عام 1997 انتقل إلى نادي ليفورنو ولعب فقط سبعة مبارايات قبل أن ينتقل إلى نادي يرجينا في عام 1998 و يستمر معهم باللعب إلى 2007. لعب ألبريجو مع المنتخب الإيطالي 15 مباراة دولية.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب ألبريغو إيفاني خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع ناديين في ستة عشر موسمًا وسجل خلالها 16 هدفًا ضمن 379 مباراة. حيث فاز في موسم واحد بالكأس وفي ثلاثة مواسم بالدوري.

خاض ألبريغو إيفاني مسيرته مع نادي إيه سي ميلان في موسم 1980–81 ليلعب معه ثلاثة عشر موسمًا، مشاركًا في 296 مباراة سجل خلالها 14 هدفًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي سامبدوريا في موسم 1993–94 واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم، حيث شارك في 83 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من ماسا
طاقم إيه سي ميلان غير اللاعبين
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو إيه سي ميلان
لاعبو سامبدوريا
لاعبو كأس العالم 1994
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون أولمبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1988
لاعبو كرة قدم من توسكانا
لاعبو منتخب إيطاليا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إيطاليا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي ريجينا 1919
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مدربو سان مارينو كالشيو
مدربو كرة قدم إيطاليون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في سان مارينو
مواليد 1963
مواليد في ماسا

ألبريغو إيفاني


Theerathon Bunmathan (født 6. februar 1990) er en australsk fodboldspiller. Han har spillet for Thailands landshold.

Thailands fodboldlandshold

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Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Thailand

Theerathon Bunmathan


وادي جارف يقع غرب مدينة سرت، في ليبيا. بحوالي 25 كيلو متر. وغالبية السكان من قبيلة ورفلة، ومن أهم قرى وادي جارف:

 الستين
 المجاهد
 الفرجانية
 المرحال
 الخزان
 مطراو
 البطومة
 الزناتية
 الغزالية
 الربيعية
 خنافس
 العشرين
معدل المعيشة متوسط، عدد السكان حوالي 3 آلاف نسمة، يعتمد السكان على الزراعة وتربية والإبل والأغنام.

وادي جارف كغيره من المناطق الليبية النائية، وقد هجره سكانه وخاصة الشباب وانتقلوا إلى المدن وذلك لصعوبة الحياة ونقص المرافق السكنية والصحية والتعليمية، كما إن المنطقة تعاني نتيجة نقص الوظائف.

المرافق التعليمية :

1- مدرسة السابع من أكتوبر (تعليم أساسي وإعدادي وثانوي).

2- مدرسه عمار بن ياسر (تعليم أساسي وإعدادي).

3- مدرسه الشهيد قظوار السهولي (تعليم أساسي وإعدادي وثانوي).

4- مدرسة الشهيد الساعدي الطبولي (تعليم أساسي وإعدادي).

5- معهد 2 مارس المتوسط للكهرباء

سكان وادي جارف ينتمون إلى قبيلتي ورفلة والقذاذفة وهو مسقط رأس الزعيم الليبي معمر القذافي.

أودية ليبيا

جارف


ජර්මානු කම්කරු පක්ෂය (, ඩීඒපී) යනු,  නාසි පක්ෂයෙහි (, එන්එස්ඩීඒපී) මන්දායුෂ්ක පූර්වප්‍රාප්තිකයා විය.

ජර්මානු කම්කරු පක්ෂය


Touching the Void is a 1988 book by Joe Simpson, recounting his and Simon Yates's near fatal descent after climbing the  peak Siula Grande in the Peruvian Andes. Approximately 15% of the book is written by Yates. It has sold over a million copies and has been translated into over 20 languages.

Summary
In 1985, Simpson and Yates reached the summit of Siula Grande, a major peak in the Cordillera Huayhuash in the Peruvian Andes via the previously unclimbed West Face. They began descending via the peak's North Ridge which the pair found unexpectedly challenging with Yates falling through a cornice down the face they had just climbed but he was held by the rope which prevented him falling 4500 ft to his death. Because the difficult terrain and the poor weather conditions prevented rapid progress with the descent, the pair had to spend a night in a snow hole on the ridge. During the night they had eaten the last of their food and used the last of fuel for their stove to melt ice and snow for drinking water. Continuing the descent the following morning Simpson fell from an ice cliff and landed awkwardly, breaking his right leg and crushing his tibia into his knee joint. With bad weather closing in and daylight fading, they needed to descend quickly to the glacier, about  below.

Yates proceeded to lower Simpson off the North Ridge using their two  ropes tied together to make one  rope, controlling the speed at which he lowered Simpson using a belay plate. This methodology meant that each lower had to proceed in three stages: two to descend each rope length, and one to negotiate the join between them. The steep open snow and ice slope to be descended did not have any belay points or other anchors from which Yates could secure himself to lower his companion so they created a stance by excavating a shallow cavity/seat where Yates could brace himself to take the strain of Simpson's weight on the rope and control the descent. Simpson was lowered 150 feet until the knot in the rope came up against the belay plate, at which point he had to take his weight off the rope by standing on his uninjured leg. This gave Yates enough slack to unclip the rope and rethread it back through the lowering device with the knot on the other side, following which he lowered Simpson a further 150 feet. Then when Simpson had made himself secure, Yates would downclimb to Simpson's position and the pair then created another stance from which the procedure could be repeated. The system worked; Yates lowered Simpson approximately 3000 feet by this method and the pair felt they were regaining control of the situation estimating that they had almost descended to the relative safety of the glacier. With storm conditions worsening and darkness upon them, Yates continued lowering Simpson for what he estimated would be the last or penultimate time. The slope that Simpson was being lowered down became gradually steeper and eventually he went over the edge of a cliff and was hanging free with his whole weight on the rope. Because Yates was sitting higher up the mountain, he could not see nor hear Simpson to fully assess the situation; he could only feel that Simpson had all his weight on the rope. Simpson attempted to ascend the rope using Prusik loops. However, because his hands were badly frostbitten, he struggled to tie the knots properly and accidentally dropped one of the two loops required to ascend the rope.

The pair were both in mortal danger. Simpson could not climb up the rope, Yates could not pull him back up, they could not communicate and, although they could not know this, the cliff was too high for Simpson to be lowered down. They remained in this position for some time (Yates estimates in excess of one and a half hours), until it was obvious to Yates that his unbelayed stance, merely a seat dug into the near vertical snow slope without any fixed anchors, was gradually collapsing as he began to be pulled downwards in 'small jerky steps'. Yates knew he was about to be pulled from the cliff and that he would fall the 150 ft he was above Simpson plus some unknown additional distance to the glacier below and concluded he needed to cut the rope in order to prevent a fall that would almost certainly kill him. Yates cut the rope not knowing how far Simpson was from the base of the cliff; Simpson plummeted down the cliff and into a deep crevasse. Exhausted and suffering from hypothermia and frostbite, Yates dug himself a snow cave to wait out the storm. The next morning in clear weather, Yates carried on descending the mountain by himself. When he reached the glacier he could see from below the position in which Simpson had been hanging and observed the large crevasse immediately underneath. Yates realized the situation that Simpson had been in and that he must have fallen into the crevasse when the rope was cut. He then approached the edge of the crevasse calling out to Simpson by name and, hearing no reply, Yates concluded that Simpson had been killed by the fall into the crevasse and so continued down the mountain alone.

Simpson, however, was still alive. He had survived the fall of more than  and had landed on a small ledge inside the crevasse. When he regained consciousness, he discovered that the rope had been cut and concluded that Yates had probably survived but would presume that he was dead. He therefore had to save himself but he found it impossible to climb up to the entrance of the crevasse, because of the overhanging ice and his broken leg. Therefore, his only choice was to abseil deeper into the crevasse and hope that there was another way out. After lowering himself, Simpson found himself on a snow bridge which he crossed to get on to a steep snow slope which he climbed to get back onto the glacier.

In a fortunate coincidence, although Yates had no choice as to where in the rope's  length he made the cut (it happened to be in the middle) it left each climber a sufficient length of rope to extricate themselves from their overnight positions. Yates had enough rope to abseil to safety from his snow hole and Simpson had enough rope to get to a point in the crevasse where he could climb out.

From there, Simpson spent three days without food and with almost no water, crawling and hopping  back to their base camp. This involved navigating the glacier (which was scattered with more crevasses) and the moraines below. Exhausted and delirious, he reached base camp only a few hours before Yates and Richard Hawking (the third member of the group, a non-climber) intended to leave the base camp and return to civilization.

Simpson's survival is regarded by mountaineers as amongst the most remarkable instances of survival against the odds.

Awards

The book won the 1989 Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature and the 1989 NCR Book Award.

Adaptations
In 2003, fifteen years after it was first published, the book was turned into a documentary film of the same name, directed by Kevin MacDonald. The film won the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film at the 2003 BAFTA Awards and was featured at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival. In 2014, the book was being used in the English literature AQA GCSE course nationally in England.

In 2017, it was announced the book was being adapted for the stage by David Greig and that the play would receive its world premiere the following year and would begin previews at the Bristol Old Vic on 8 September 2018, with an official opening night on 18 September, booking for a limited period until 6 October. It then had an extended run on the West End and will be performed live and to a streamed audience from 26 to 29 May 2021 at Bristol Old Vic.

Notes

References

 Touching the Void – 25th Anniversary ebook Edition Interview

1988 non-fiction books
Mountaineering books
Jonathan Cape books

Touching the Void (book)


Fatehgarh Churian es una ciudad de la India en el distrito de Gurdaspur, estado de Punyab.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 237  a 256 km de la capital estatal, Chandigarh, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 21 223 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Punyab (India)

Fatehgarh Churian


233383 Assisneto este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
233383 Assisneto este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nogales de Jean-Claude Merlin. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,58 ua, o excentricitate de 0,19 și o înclinație de 5,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 233001-234000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2006
Centura de asteroizi

233383 Assisneto


Kulturno-povijesna cjelina Pitava, općina Jelsa, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Kulturnopovijesna cjelina Pitve nalazi se na južnim obroncima planinske kose koji se spuštaju prema velikome polju u središnjem dijelu otoka Hvara. Izraziti i dobro sačuvani stambeni sklopovi još uvijek neokrnjeni novijim gradnjama kao spomenici pučkoga graditeljstva te očuvan neizgrađen kultiviran krajolik između pitovskih aglomeracija daju kulturnopovijesnoj cjelini Pitve istaknutu spomeničku vrijednost.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-6762 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - kulturno-povijesna cjelina, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "ruralna cjelina".

Izvori

Zaštićene ruralne cjeline u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Hvar

Pitve (kulturno-povijesna cjelina)


The year 1762 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Biology
 Charles Bonnet's Considerations sur les corps organisées is published in Amsterdam, synthesising current knowledge of cell biology and presenting his theory of palingenesis, intended to refute the theory of epigenesis.
 Courses begin at the first veterinary school, established by Claude Bourgelat in Lyon.

Mathematics
 September – Society for Equitable Assurances on Lives and Survivorships is established in London, pioneering mutual insurance using a method of actuarial science devised by mathematician James Dodson.
 Joseph-Louis Lagrange discovers the divergence theorem.

Pharmacology
 Antoine Baumé publishes his textbook Éléments de pharmacie théorique et pratique in Paris.

Physics
 Joseph Black first makes known his discoveries on latent heat, in Glasgow.

Awards
 Copley Medal: Not awarded

Births
 April 10 – Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist (died 1834)
 November 20 – Pierre André Latreille, French zoologist (died 1833)

Deaths
 February 20 – Tobias Mayer, German astronomer (born 1723)
 March 21 – Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (born 1713)
 June 13 – Dorothea Erxleben, German physician (born 1715)
 July 10 – Jan Frederik Gronovius, Dutch botanist (born 1690)
 July 13 – James Bradley, English Astronomer Royal (born 1693)
 July 30 – William Braikenridge, English clergyman and geometer (born 1700)

References

18th century in science
1760s in science

1762 in science


ليون سميلينغ ، من مواليد 4 يناير 1940 ، لاعب كرة قدم بلجيكي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب بلجيكا لكرة القدم.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية بلجيكيون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من ليمبورغ (بلجيكا)
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي للمحترفين
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1972
لاعبو ستاندارد لييج
لاعبو كأس العالم 1970
لاعبو كرة قدم بلجيكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من ليمبورغ (بلجيكا)
لاعبو منتخب بلجيكا لكرة القدم
مدربو ستاندارد لييج
مدربو كرة قدم بلجيكيون
مواليد 1940

ليون سميلينغ


මහාසිව යනු, අනුරාධපුරය පුරාතන අගනුවරෙහි, ක්‍රිපූ 257 සිට ක්‍රිපූ 247 දක්වා රාජ්‍යත්වය හෙබවූ අනුරාධපුර රාජධානියේ මුල් අවදියෙහි ශ්‍රී ලාංකික රජ කෙනෙකි.    මහාසිව යනු,  මුටසිව රජුගේ බොහෝ පුතුන්ගෙන් එක් අයෙකු වූ අතර, දේවානම්පිය තිස්ස රජ, උත්තිය රජ සහ අසේල රජ යන්නන්ගේ සහෝදරයා විය.

මෙයද බලන්න
 ශ්‍රී ලාංකික රජවරු ලැයිස්තුව

බාහිර සබැඳි
 කිංස් ඇන්ඩ් රූලර්ස් ඔෆ් ශ්‍රී ලංකා
 කොඩ්රිංටන්ස් ෂෝට් හිස්ට්‍රි ඔෆ් සිලෝන්

අනුරාධපුරයෙහි රජවරු
ම
ක්‍රිපූ 3වන-සියවසෙහි සිංහල රජවරු
ම

මහාසිව රජ


درافيسكوس (Δραβήσκος) هي مدينة في سيرري في مقاطعة فوريا إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1589   نسمة.

المراجع

مدن اليونان

أماكن مأهولة في سيرس (مقاطعة)

درافيسكوس (سيرري)


ඇෆ‍්‍රිකානා අධ්‍යයන පිළිබඳ ජාත්‍යන්තර ජර්නලය -  අප‍්‍රිකානු ජනතාවගේ අත්දැකීම් ප‍්‍රශ්න කිරීම සහ විශ්ලේෂණය සඳහා නිර්මාණය වී ඇත.

x	අප‍්‍රිකානු ඉතිහාස අධ්‍යයන පිළිබඳ ජාත්‍යන්තර ජර්නලය - අප‍්‍රිකාවේ ඉතිහාසය පිළිබඳ සෑම අන්දමකම ලිපි ප‍්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික පුරාවිද්‍යාවේ සිට මහාද්වීපයේ වර්තමාන අර්බුද දක්වාත් අප‍්‍රිකාව සහ නව ලෝකයේ අප‍්‍රිකානු අමෙරිකානුවන් අතර සබඳතා ත් ඇතුලත් වේ.

x	ඇෆ‍්‍රිකානා - අප‍්‍රිකාව සහ ඩයස්පෝරාව පිළිබඳ අදහස් ඇතුලත් ජර්නලයකි.

x	ඇෆ‍්‍රිකානා ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික නාමාවලිය - මෙයට අප‍්‍රිකාව පිළිබඳ සෑම අංගයක් ම පාහේ  -එහි ජනතාව නිවාස නගර දිස්ත‍්‍රික්ක ප‍්‍රාන්ත රාජ්‍ය ප‍්‍රදේශ ආදියේ සමාජයීය ආර්ථික තිරසාර සංවර්ධනය නිර්මාණශීලී සාහිත්‍ය කලාව සහ ඩයස්පෝරාව පිළිබඳව - අඩංගු වේ.

x	ඇෆ‍්‍රිකානා ඔන්ලයින් සංස්කෘතික කලාව හා ගවේෂණ පිළිබඳ අප‍්‍රිකානු කේන්ද්‍රයේ ජර්නලය.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_studies#Journals


Sir George White, 1st Baronet, né en 1854 à Bristol et mort en 1916 à Stoke Bishop, est un homme d'affaires britannique.

Biographie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en 1854
Naissance à Bristol (Royaume-Uni)
Entrepreneur britannique
Noblesse britannique du XIXe siècle
Noblesse britannique du XXe siècle
Homme d'affaires britannique

George White (1854–1916)


Xenocronia é uma técnica musical baseada em estúdio desenvolvida por Frank Zappa em uma data desconhecida, mas possivelmente já no início dos anos 1960. A técnica é executada extraindo-se um solo de guitarra ou outra parte musical de seu contexto original e colocando-o em uma música completamente diferente, independentemente do tempo ou da métrica das fontes, para criar um efeito inesperado, mas agradável. Zappa justificou que essa era a única maneira de conseguir alguns ritmos.

Etimologia
A palavra deriva das palavras gregas ξένος ( xenos ) , estranho ou alienígena, e χρόνος ( cronos ) , tempo.

Exemplos
Um dos exemplos mais proeminentes de xenocronia pode ser encontrado na ópera rock de Zappa Joe's Garage (1979), na qual os solos de guitarra são todos xenócronos (com exceção de "Watermelon in Easter Hay" e "Crew Slut").

Nas palavras do próprio Zappa:

Xenocronia pode ser ouvido no início da carreira de Zappa em 1967: no álbum We're Only in It for the Money, com o Mothers of Invention, a faixa rítmica do refrão de "How Could I Be Such A Fool" em Freak Out!" (que consiste na bateria, baixo, vibrafone e orquestra) é usado no final de "Lonely Little Girl". Isso é perceptível ao ouvir as faixas de apoio sem vocais, que aparecem no box set póstumo lançamentos The MOFO Project/Object e Lumpy Money. Em Uncle Meat , uma frase do solo de guitarra de "Nine Types of Industrial Pollution" aparece mais tarde no final de "Sleeping in a Jar".Lumpy Gravy , o primeiro álbum solo de Zappa. Uma passagem de "Harry, You're a Beast" pode ou não ser incorporada em "Almost Chinese": um cravo/xilofone de instrumentos de som mais vários "snorks" podem ser ouvidos diretamente após o diálogo de Larry com Motorhead Sherwood . Além disso, o efeito sonoro que inicia "Flower Punk" de We're Only in It for the Money , lançado meses antes, é tocado aproximadamente às 0:19 da Parte 2, 15:19 ou 15:20 do disco. Trechos da trilha sonora de " The World's Greatest Sinner ", composta por Zappa, são audíveis em "I Don't Know If I can Go Through This Again" (de Lumpy Gravy ) e "Mother People" (de We'

Uso por outros músicos
Simon & Garfunkel também usaram essa técnica em seu álbum Bookends de 1968. A segunda faixa do álbum, "Save the Life of My Child". usa os primeiros segundos de " The Sound Of Silence " (lançado em seu álbum Sounds of Silence de 1966 ) em torno da marca de 1:20 de uma forma mais lenta.

Outro exemplo é a música do King Crimson "The Devil's Triangle", em seu álbum de 1970 In the Wake of Poseidon, que usa elementos de "The Court of the Crimson King" perto do final.

Steve Vai, na música "Reaping", presente no álbum ao vivo G3: Rockin' in the Free World. A música é composta por vários solos de guitarra utilizada em várias canções do repertório do Vai.

Outros exemplos são os álbuns do guitarrista avant-garde Buckethead, Forensic Follies e Needle in a Slunk Stack, lançados em 2009: ambos apresentaram músicas de vários álbuns do Buckethead para fazer novas músicas.

A técnica foi usada pelo Dream Theater no início da música "The Dance of Eternity", onde amostras de sua música anterior "Metropolis Pt. 1" desaparecem brevemente contra uma batida mais lenta de bateria e baixo.

Car Seat Headrest usou a técnica no álbum de 2010 "3", embora de uma maneira única; a música "Beach Drugs" (Faixa 10) apresenta uma versão invertida de "Sun Hot" (Faixa 6) em seu outro. Esta versão invertida de "Sun Hot" foi lançada mais tarde na compilação "Little Pieces of Paper With 'No' Written on Them" como "Hot Sun".

Swami Safari usou a técnica na música "Better Late" do lançamento de 2021 Hevsumtrx. O solo de guitarra que começa aos 2:20 foi extraído de uma gravação anterior feita a partir de uma faixa de blues jam encontrada no Youtube e inserida na música.

Frank Zappa
Técnicas musicais

Xenocronia


Lübnan bayrağı, yukarıdan aşağıya kırmızı - beyaz - kırmızı sırası ile dizilmiş üç yatay şeritten oluşur. Kırmızı şeritler eşit büyüklükte ve beyaz şeritin altında ve üstünde yer alırlar. Beyaz şerit kırmızı olanlardan bir miktar daha büyüktür ve beyaz şeridin üzerine bir ağaç tasviri bulunur(Lübnan Sediri: Cedrus libani). 7 Aralık 1943 yılında kabul edilmiştir. Ortada yer alan ağaç imgesinin gövde ve dallarının siyah ya da kahverengi olarak renklendirilmesi sıkça yapılan bir hata olsa da anayasaya göre imge bütünü ile yeşil olmalıdır.

Lübnan bayrağının sahip olduğu renklerin farklı anlamları vardır. Kırmızı renk ülkenin bağımsızlığı için akmış insanların kanlarını temsil ederken beyaz renk barışı ve Lübnan'ın dağlarında bulunan karı temsil eder. Bayrağın ortasında bulunan sedir ağacı tasviri ebediyeti ve istikrarı simgeler.

Lübnan uzun yıllar boyunca ülkelerini işgal etmiş olan milletlerin bayraklarını kullanmışlardır. (Fenikeliler, Osmanlılar vb.) Osmanlılar'dan özgürlüğün alındığı dönemden sonra beyaz bir zemin üzerine yeşil ağaç imgesi ülkenin bayrağı kabul edilmiştir. Kırmızı şeritlerin bayrağa I. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra, kaybedilenlerin anısına eklendiği sanılır. Lübnan'da Fransız Mandası sürecinde Fransa Bayrağı'na oldukça benzer bir bayrak kullanılmıştır.

Tasarım
Ulusal bayrağın renk kodları ve ölçüleri aşağıdaki gibidir.

Tarihi bayraklar

Galeri

Ayrıca bakınız
Lübnan arması

Kaynakça
https://www.fotw.info/flags/lb.html

Bayrak
Ulusal bayraklar
Asya bayrakları

Lübnan bayrağı


Theresienwiese  est une station de la section commune aux lignes U4 et  U5 du métro de Munich. Elle est située dans le secteur Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt de Munich en Allemagne. Elle dessert notamment, avec un accès spécifique la Theresienwiese.

Mise en service en 1984, elle est desservie par les rames de la ligne U5, et par les rames de la ligne U4 dont elle est le terminus en heure de pointe.

Situation sur le réseau

Établie en souterrain, Theresienwiese est une station de passage du tronc commun à la ligne U4 et la ligne U5 du métro de Munich. Elle est située entre la station Schwanthalerhöhe, en direction des terminus : Westendstraße (U4) ou Laimer Platz (U5), et la station Munich-Hauptbahnhof, en direction des terminus : Arabellapark (U4) et Neuperlach Süd (U5).

Elle dispose d'un quai central encadré par les deux voies de la ligne du tronc commun U4 et U5.

Histoire
La station Theresienwiese est mise en service le , lors de l'ouverture à l'exploitation de la section de Westendstraße à Karlsplatz. Elle est réalisée par l'architecte Alexander Freiherr von Branc

Services aux voyageurs

Accès et accueil
La station dispose, au sud vers le Theresienwiese d'un grand accès directe, au centre d'un accès en ascenseur pour l'accessibilité des personnes à la mobilité réduite et au nord-est, près de la St.-Pauls-Platz deux accès équipés d'escaliers mécaniques.

Desserte
Theresienwiese est desservie alternativement par toutes les rames de la ligne U5 et, toutes les rames de la ligne U4, dont elle est le terminus de la ligne U4 aux heures de pointe.

Intermodalité
À proximité des arrêts de bus urbains sont desservis par les lignes 18, 19, 29 et N19.

À proximité
 Theresienwiese

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Métro de Munich
 Ligne U4 du métro de Munich
 Ligne U5 du métro de Munich

Liens externes
 .
 .
 .

Station de la ligne U4 du métro de Munich
Station de la ligne U5 du métro de Munich
Station de métro mise en service en 1984

Theresienwiese (métro de Munich)


Sambar geyiği (Cervus unicolor ya da Rusa unicolor), geyikgiller (Cervidae) familyasından bir geyik türü. Bu türün üyesi olduğu Rusa alt cinsinde bulunan koyu kahverengi renkli ve yeleli diğer geyik türleri de sambar adıyla tanınır.

Morfoloji

Sambar geyiği omuz yüksekliği olarak 102–160 cm.'e ve ağırlık olarak da 272 kg.'a erişir. Koyu kahverengi renginde olan geyiğin arkası ve altı kestane renginde olur. Boynuzları Rusa cinsine özgü olarak basit alın boynuzundan ve ucu çatallaşan boynuzlardan oluşur. Bazı bireylerde boynuzun boyu 101 cm.'yi aşar.

Yaşam şekli
Sambar ormanlık arazide yaşar ve çoğunlukla kaba bitki örtüsü, otlar ve çimen ile beslenir. Beş-altı üyeli gruplar hâlinde yaşar ve gündüzleri etkin olurlar. Nadiren sudan uzakta bulunan bu geyik tropikal bölgeye özgü olsa da zorlu şartlara uyum sağlar ve Himalaya Dağları'nın yüksek rakımlarında bulunan karışık ormanlarında da yaşar. Çin, Tayland ve Tayvan'ın benzer dağlık ılıman ormanlarında da bulunur. Tayvan'da sika geyiği ile birlikte boynuzları için çiftlikte yetiştirilir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Neredeyse tehdit altında olan hayvanlar
Geyikgiller
Hindistan'daki memeliler
Güneydoğu Asya faunası
Tayland'daki memeliler
Tayvan'daki memeliler
Otobur memeliler
İstilacı memeli türleri

Sambar geyiği


Chernobyl Diaries ist ein US-amerikanischer Low-Budget-Horrorfilm von Bradley Parker aus dem Jahr 2012.

Handlung
Die jungen Amerikaner Chris, seine Freundin Natalie und Amanda sind auf Europareise. Zusammen mit Chris' Bruder Paul (der als Austauschstudent in Kiew lebt) und den Backpackern Zoe und Michael machen sie sich unter Führung von "Extreme-Tour"-Guide Juri in einem Kleinbus entgegen allen Warnungen zur Geisterstadt Prypjat in der Sperrzone von Tschernobyl auf.

Zunächst wird die Gruppe jedoch von Soldaten an der Einfahrt zum abgesperrten Gelände gehindert, angeblich finden in dem evakuierten Gebiet Wartungsarbeiten statt; laut Juri ist es sehr ungewöhnlich, dass man ihn nicht vorher über diese Sperrung informiert hat. Um seine Gäste nicht zu enttäuschen (und wohl auch um das Geld für die Tour nicht erstatten zu müssen) nimmt er daher kurzerhand den Umweg über eine aufgegebene Zufahrt und gelangt so mit den Touristen heimlich nach Prypjat. Dort lebten bis 1986 die Arbeiter des Atomkraftwerks von Tschernobyl und ihre Familien. Unter Führung von Juri erkunden die Touristen die verlassenen Gebäude, wobei deutlich wird, dass Juri offenbar mehr über das Leben in der vermeintlich verlassenen Stadt weiß, als er sagt. Mehrfach weist er darauf hin, dass sie auf keinen Fall nach Anbruch der Dunkelheit in den leeren Gebäuden und Straßen sein dürfen und begründet dieses mit den wilden Tieren, vor allem Rudeln verwilderter Hunde, die in der Stadt herumziehen; tatsächlich überrascht ein Bär die Gruppe in einem verlassenen Wohnhaus. Allerdings beseitigt Juri, von den Touristen unbemerkt, die Reste eines erloschenen Lagerfeuers. Auch seine Begleiter sehen auf einem der geschossenen Fotos am Fenster eines verlassenen Gebäudes eine menschliche Gestalt, glauben aber schließlich, es müsse ein Irrtum gewesen sein, da die Stadt ja geräumt wurde und innerhalb eines streng kontrollierten Sperrgebiets liegt. Erst später erzählt Paul von Gerüchten, die ihm aber unglaubhaft erschienen: Demnach sei die Stadt nicht wirklich verlassen.

Als die Tourteilnehmer am Abend mit dem Bus wieder abreisen wollen, springt der Motor nicht an. Wie sich herausstellt, sind seltsamerweise die Zündkabel zerstört. Daraufhin macht sich Juri mit einer Pistole bewaffnet auf den Weg zum nächsten Kontrollpunkt, um Hilfe zu holen, Chris folgt ihm – doch bald hören die übrigen Touristen, die im Bus ausharren, Schüsse und die Funkverbindung zu Juri bricht ab. Paul gelingt es zwar den verletzten Chris zum Bus zurückzuholen, doch Juri ist verschwunden. Da die Gruppe heimlich in die Stadt gefahren ist, weiß niemand davon, dass sie dort festsitzen.

Die Touristen müssen die Nacht in der Stadt verbringen. Am anderen Morgen brechen sie, bis auf Chris (der wegen seiner Beinverletzung nicht laufen kann) und Natalie (die bei ihm im Bus bleibt) auf, um nach Juri zu suchen und Hilfe zu holen. Es wird immer deutlicher, dass offenbar nicht nur wilde Tiere in der Stadt unterwegs sind, sondern auch menschliche Wesen – oder zumindest etwas Ähnliches. Es stellt sich heraus, dass Juri getötet wurde, doch zumindest gelingt es den Touristen, an seine Waffe und das Funkgerät zu kommen. Immer wieder angegriffen finden sie in einem Autowrack passende Zündkabel für den Bus, doch bei ihrer Rückkehr zum Fahrzeug am Abend müssen sie feststellen, dass der Bus zerstört wurde; Chris und Natalie, die darin gewartet hatten, sind verschwunden. Eine Aufnahme auf Natalies Handy zeigt ihnen, dass die beiden von seltsamen Wesen angegriffen und verschleppt wurden.

Die übrigen Gruppenmitglieder machen sich auf die Suche nach den beiden (können aber nur die verwirrte Natalie finden) und werden in den Ruinen der Stadt immer wieder von mutierten Stadtbewohnern angegriffen und nach und nach getötet. Die letzten von ihnen, Amanda und Paul, gelangen auf ihrer Flucht, von den Stadtbewohnern gehetzt, durch einen unterirdischen Gang ins Innere des zerstörten Atomkraftwerks. Bereits von den radioaktiven Strahlen geschädigt, gelangen sie nach draußen und stoßen dort auf ukrainische Soldaten. Ihnen wird zugerufen, nicht näher zu kommen, als Paul dennoch weitergeht, wird er erschossen. Amanda, die letzte Überlebende, verliert das Bewusstsein und wird scheinbar in ein spezielles "Hospital" gebracht. Man teilt ihr mit, dass sie im Reaktor gewesen sei und nun zu einem Arzt gebracht werde. Man fragt sie, ob sonst noch jemand wisse, dass sie und ihre Freunde hier seien. Im "Hospital" wird sie von Ärzten in Schutzanzügen mit einer Tragebarre durch einen Gang geschoben. Die Ärzte besprechen die Lage in ihrer Muttersprache: Die entkommenen Patienten, heißt es, konnten alle wieder eingefangen werden. Die Amerikanerin hat sie gesehen und kann daher nicht mehr nach draußen gelassen werden. Amanda wird daraufhin in eine Zelle geworfen, in der völlige Dunkelheit herrscht. Dort befinden sich auch mutierte Bewohner, die sie sogleich anfallen.

Produktion
Chernobyl Diaries basiert auf der Geschichte The Diary of Lawson Oxford von Oren Peli. Es ist der erste von VFX-Supervisor Bradley Parker inszenierte Film. Gedreht wurde in Belgrad und der Umgebung von Budapest.

Veröffentlichung
Der Film, der von Alcon Entertainment und Warner Bros. Pictures veröffentlicht wurde, lief in den USA, Kanada und Bulgarien am 25. Mai 2012 in den Kinos an. Kinostart in Deutschland war der 21. Juni 2012.

Kritik

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Horrorfilm
US-amerikanischer Film
Filmtitel 2012
Nuklearkatastrophe von Tschernobyl

Chernobyl Diaries


"ස"

සමාජය යනු කුමක්ද?

"සි"

සිංහල ජනයා

"ම"

මහ බැංකුකරණය

මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ

සමෘද්ධි


La monja unicolor o monja de frente negra (Monasa nigrifrons) es una especie de ave en la familia Bucconidae.

Información general

Se encuentra en la Amazonía de Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, y también a las regiones del este y sureste de Brasil. Su hábitat natural son los bosques húmedos subtropicales o tropicales de tierras bajas, pantanos tropicales o subtropicales y bosques antiguos muy degradados.

La monja de frente negra es un ave llamativa, el cuerpo es negro con el pico color rojo anaranjado. Se encuentra en pequeños grupos gregarios en la parte baja a nivel medio de los bosques.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Black-fronted Nunbird videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
 Black-fronted Nunbird photo gallery VIREO Photo-High Res
 Photo-Medium Res; Article chandra.as.utexas.edu—"Birds of Brazil"
 Photo-High Res; Article & synopsis arthurgrosset–"South American Birds"
 Photo-(Close-up); Article
 Photo-High Res; Article geometer—"Photos from Brazil"
 Photo & location; Article w/ photo gallery-(5); Photo no. 2 of 5 mangoverde

Monasa
Aves del Amazonas
Animales descritos en 1824
Taxones descritos por Johann Baptist von Spix

Monasa nigrifrons


للخطايا ثمن، مسلسل كويتي درامي اجتماعي، قوبل المسلسل برفض شديد من عند الشيعة في الكويت، وذلك لتحدثه بأمور تخص الشيعة فيما وصفه البعض بالاستهزاء بالمذهب الشيعي من قبل اصحاب المذهب السني. وأعلنت mbc الاثنين 10 سبتمبر 2007 عن عدم بثها للمسلسل الكويتي «للخطايا ثمن»؛ بسبب قرار الجهات الرسمية الكويتية منعه.

مصادر

مسلسلات كويتية لم تعرض

للخطايا ثمن (مسلسل)


Wesley W. Simina (10 de setembro de 1961) é um político micronésio, atual Presidente dos Estados Federados da Micronésia desde 2023.

Serviu como governador do estado de Chuuk, um dos quatro estados que constituem os Estados Federados da Micronésia de julho de 2005 a julho de 2011. Simina foi reeleito para um segundo mandato como governador de Chuuk no segundo turno de 2009 contra Gillian N. Doone, filho do ex-governador Gideon Doone. Ele e o tenente governador Johnson Elimo foram empossados em seu segundo mandato em 2 de julho de 2009, em uma cerimônia de inauguração realizada no Saramen Chuuk Development Center na Saramen Chuuk High School em Weno, Chuuk.

Simina renunciou ao cargo de governador em julho de 2011 para se tornar senador geral de Chuuk no Congresso Nacional dos Estados Federados da Micronésia. O tenente governador de Chuuk, Johnson Elimo, tornou-se imediatamente o governador interino de Chuuk após a renúncia de Simina. Elimo venceu uma eleição especial para governador em 24 de agosto de 2011, para cumprir o restante do mandato de Simina. Elimo venceu a eleição com 7.945; Alexander Narruhn ficou em segundo lugar com 6.913 votos, enquanto Redley Killion ficou em terceiro com 3.692.

Simina foi eleito Presidente do Décimo Nono Congresso dos Estados Federados da Micronésia em 11 de maio de 2015, e em 11 de maio de 2023 foi eleito presidente dos Estados Federados da Micronésia durante a primeira sessão regular da 23ª Congresso.

Nascidos em 1964
Homens
Naturais dos Estados Federados da Micronésia
Políticos dos Estados Federados da Micronésia

Wesley Simina


Østergade i Aarhus ligger mellem Frederiksgade og Fredensgade. Den blev anlagt i 1850'erne som en del af et byggeprojekt påbegyndt af købmand Henrik Schandorff, der også anlagde Søndergade. Der blev bygget en del huse på vejen frem til 1857, men herefter gik det langsomt med byggerierne, da der var en pengekrise i tiden.

Fremtrædende bygninger i Østergade
Brobjerghus: Østergade 1. Det nuværende hus blev opført i 1900 efter tegninger af arkitekt Rudolf Frimodt Clausen. Bygningen har blandt andet været hjemsted for Engelsk Beklædnings Magasin, der blev åbnet i 1902 af købmand Peter Friis. Butikken blev senere videreført af Peter Friis' søn, Tage Friis.

Den Folkelige Forsamlingsbygning blev opført i 1870'erne og spillede en central rolle i byens politiske- og senere sociale liv. Bygningen blev senere omdannet til hotel under navnet, Østergades Hotel.
Lanbosparekassens bygning på hjørnet af Østergade og Søndergade. Østergade 9, rummer i dag Nordea.

Kilder og henvisninger

Gader i Aarhus

Østergade (Aarhus)


Na području današnje Republike Azerbajdžan, prema popisu UNESCO-a (od 2019.), nalaze se ukupno 3 građevine koje su uvrštene u kategoriju svjetske baštine.

Prve dvije su grupirane u jedinice:
 Stari grad Baku
 Nacionalni park Gobustan
 Kanova palača u Šekiju

Svjetska baština u Azerbajdžanu

Povezani članci
 UNESCO
 Svjetska baština
 Popis mjesta svjetske baštine u Aziji

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Azerbajdžan
Svjetske baštine
Azerbajdžanska kultura

Svjetska baština u Azerbajdžanu


ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය යනු එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ විශේෂ නියෝජනයක් වන අතර එය ජාත්‍යන්තර මහජන සෞඛ්‍ය ගැටළු පිළිබඳව සම්බන්ධීකරණ කටයුතු කරන අධිකාරිය ලෙසට ක්‍රියා කරයි. 1948 අප්‍රේල් 07 වන දා ස්ථාපිත, මෙහි මූලස්ථානය ස්විට්සර්ලන්තයෙහි ජිනීවා අගනුවර පිහිටා ඇති අතර, එහි පූර්වගාමී හා  ජාතීන්ගේ සංගමයෙහි නියෝජනයක් වූ,  සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානයෙහි,  විධිනියෝගය සහ සම්පත් උරුම කොට ගෙන ඇත.

1948 ජුලි 24 දින අවසන් වූ ලෝක සෞඛ්ය කමිටුවේ පළමු රැස්වීමට සමගාමීව 1946 ජුලි 22 වන දින ලෝකය පුරා රටවල් 61ක් ලෝක සෞඛ්ය සංවිධානයේ ව්යවස්ථාව අත්සන් කර ඇත. ඒ හරහා  මහජන සෞඛ්ය පිළිබඳ ජාත්යන්තර කාර්යාලය සහ ජාතීන්ගේ සෞඛ්ය සංවිධානය සංස්ථාපනය විය. එය නිර්මාණය වීමේ සිට, වසූරිය මුලිනුපුටා දැමීමේදී ප්රමුඛ කාර්යභාරයක් ඉටු කර ඇත. එහි වර්තමාන ප්රමුඛතාවයන් අතරට බෝවෙන රෝග, (විශේෂයෙන්ම එච්.අයි.වී. ඒඩ්ස්, ඉබෝලා, මැලේරියා සහ ක්ෂය රෝගය) සහ බෝ නොවන රෝගවලින් සිදුවන බලපෑම අවම කිරීම; ලිංගික සහ ප්‍රජනක සෞඛ්ය සංවර්ධනය සහ වයෝවෘද්ධ වීම; පෝෂණය, ආහාර සුරක්ෂිතතාව සහ සෞඛ්ය සම්පන්න ආහාර වේල අනුභවය; වෘත්තීය සෞඛ්යය මත් ද්‍රව්‍ය පිළිබඳ වාර්තා කිරීම, ප්රකාශනය සහ ජාලකරණය වර්ධනය කිරීම ඇතුළත් වේ.

ලෝක සෞඛ්ය වාර්තාව, ලෝක සෞඛ්ය සමීක්ෂණය හා ලෝක සෞඛ්ය දිනය සඳහා ලෝක සෞඛ්ය සංවිධානය වගකිව යුතු ය. ලෝක සෞඛ්ය සංවිධානයේ නව අධ්‍යක්ෂ ජනරාල් ටෙද්‍රස් ඇඩ්හැනොම් ස්වකීය පස් අවුරුදු නිළ කාලය 2017 ජූලි 01 වනදායින් ආරම්භ කළේය.

ව්‍යවස්ථාව හා ඉතිහාසය
ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානයෙහි ව්‍යවස්ථාව පවසන අන්දමට එහි අරමුණ වනුයේ,  "සමස්ත ජනතාව උදෙසා ලඟා කර ගත හැකි උසස්ම තත්ත්වයේ සෞඛ්‍යයක් ලබා දීමයි." එහි ප්‍රධාන කර්තව්‍ය වනුයේ රෝග,  විශේෂයෙන්ම මූලික බෝවෙන රෝගයන්, සමග සටන්වැදීම සහ, ලෝක වාසී ජනයාගේ සාමාන්‍ය සෞඛ්‍යය තත්ත්වය නංවාලීමය.

ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය (WHO) එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ ආදිතම නියෝජනයන්ගෙන් එකක් වන අතර, එහි ව්‍යවස්ථාව  විධිමත් ලෙසින් බලාත්මක වූයේ පළමු  ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය දිනය, (1948 අප්‍රේල් 7) ට සමගාමීව, 26වන සාමාජීක රාජ්‍යය විසින් එය අපරානුමත කල විටය.  මෙයට පෙර, මෙහි ක්‍රියාන්විතයන් හා,  ජාතීන්ගේ සංගමයෙහි සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානයහි ඉතිරි ක්‍රියාකාරකම්, පැවතියේ, 1946 ග්‍රීෂ්ම සෘතුවෙහි පැවැති ජාත්‍යන්තර සෞඛ්‍ය සම්මේලනයකට ඉක්බිතිව පිහිටවුනු අතුරු කමිටුවක පාලනය යටතේය.  පැවරීම සඳහා අධිබලය පවරන ලද්දේ මහා මණ්ඩලයේ යෝජනා සම්මතයක් මගිනි.

ආශ්‍රිත

එක්සත් ජාතීන්
සෞඛ්‍යය
එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානය
ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය

ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය


Hélie de Brémond d'Ars-Migré, né le  à Nantes et mort le  à Paris, est un écrivain français.

Biographie

Hélie de Brémond d'Ars-Migré est le fils de Joseph de Brémond d'Ars, marquis de Migré, et le petit-fils de Paul de Saisy de Kerampuil.

Promoteur de l'histoire saintongeaise, membre fondateur de l'Académie de Saintonge, il contribue à sauver la ruine les bâtiments abbatiaux de Saint-Marie aux Dames de Saintes et fonde le prix de Saintonge.

Publications
La Forme et les idées. Comparaison esquissée entre les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles (1946)
L'Abbé Bexon : aumônier de la princesse Anne-Charlotte de Lorraine, dernier chantre de la Sainte-Chapelle (1936)
Les Chevaliers du Porc-Espic ou du Camail, 1394-1498 Une Gentilfemme au temps de la Fronde [Marie-Guillemette de Verdelin, marquise d'Ars] (1945)
De l'éloquence / publication du manuscrit de Pierre de Brémond d'Ars, marquis de Migré (1634-1653) (1938)

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en juillet 1900
Naissance à Nantes
Hélie
Écrivain français du XXe siècle
Historien français du XXe siècle
Décès en mai 1961
Décès dans le 11e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 60 ans

Hélie de Brémond d'Ars-Migré


2. ŽNL Vukovarsko-srijemska je podijeljena u tri skupine po nogometnim središtima. Prvaci liga će u sljedećoj sezoni igrati u 1. ŽNL Vukovarsko-srijemska, dok će posljednje plasirani (ili posljednja 2, ovisno od toga koliko klubova iz kog nogometnog središta ispadne iz 1. ŽNL) iz NS Vukovar i NS Vinkovci ispasti u 3. ŽNL Vukovarsko-srijemska (iz NS Županja ne ispada ni jedan klub jer je 2. ŽNL najniži stupanj natjecanja u NS Županja).

Ljestvica

NS Vukovar

NK Sinđelić Trpinja je odustao od promocije u viši rang

NS Vinkovci

NS Županja

Izvori
 RSSSF.com
 Županijski Nogometni Savez Vukovarsko-srijemske županije

2015-16
vukovarsko-srijemska-2

2. ŽNL Vukovarsko-srijemska 2015./16.


93. længdegrad kan henvise til:

 93. vestlige længdekreds
 93. østlige længdekreds

93. længdegrad