Na Igreja Católica, a liturgia é o culto divino, o anúncio do Evangelho e a caridade ativa.

Princípios litúrgicos
Conforme explicado com mais detalhes no Catecismo da Igreja Católica e no seu Compêndio mais curto, a liturgia é algo que "o Cristo inteiro", Cabeça e Corpo, celebra - Cristo, o único Sumo Sacerdote, junto com seu Corpo, a Igreja no céu e na terra. Na liturgia celeste estão envolvidos os anjos e os santos da Antiga e da Nova Aliança, em particular Maria, Mãe de Deus, os Apóstolos, os Mártires e "uma grande multidão, que nenhum homem podia contar, de todas as nações e de todas as tribos, povos e línguas" (Apocalipse 7:9). A Igreja na terra, "sacerdócio real" (1 Pe 2,9), celebra a liturgia em união com estes: os batizados oferecendo-se em sacrifício espiritual, os ministros ordenados celebrando ao serviço de todos os membros da Igreja em segundo a ordem recebida, e bispos e sacerdotes agindo na pessoa de Cristo (In persona Christi).

A liturgia católica utiliza sinais e símbolos cujo significado, baseado na natureza ou na cultura, se tornou mais preciso através dos acontecimentos do Antigo Testamento e foi plenamente revelado na pessoa e na vida de Cristo. Alguns desses sinais e símbolos vêm do mundo da criação (luz, água, fogo, pão, vinho, óleo), outros da vida em sociedade (lavagem, unção, partir o pão), outros da história sagrada do Antigo e do Novo Testamento (o Rito da Páscoa, sacrifício, altares, imposição de mãos, consagração de pessoas e objetos).

Esses signos estão intimamente ligados às palavras. Embora, em certo sentido, os sinais falem por si mesmos, eles precisam ser acompanhados e vivificados pela palavra falada. Tomados em conjunto, palavra e ação indicam o que o rito significa e produz.

Sacramentos
Os sacramentos na Igreja Católica são sinais eficazes, perceptíveis aos sentidos, da graça. Segundo a teologia da Igreja, eles foram instituídos por Cristo e confiados à Igreja, e por meio deles a vida divina nos é concedida. São meios pelos quais Cristo dá a graça particular indicada pelo aspecto sinal do sacramento em questão, ajudando o indivíduo a progredir na santidade e contribuindo para o crescimento da Igreja na caridade e no testemunho. Nem todo indivíduo recebe todos os sacramentos, mas a Igreja Católica vê os sacramentos como meios necessários de salvação para os fiéis, conferindo a graça particular de cada sacramento, seja o perdão dos pecados, a adoção como filhos de Deus, a confirmação a Cristo e à Igreja. O efeito dos sacramentos vem ex opere operato (pelo próprio fato de serem administrados). Independentemente da santidade pessoal do ministro que administra os sacramentos, Cristo provê as graças de que são sinais. No entanto, a própria falta de disposição adequada de um destinatário para receber a graça transmitida pode bloquear sua eficácia nessa pessoa. Os sacramentos pressupõem a fé e, além disso, suas palavras e elementos rituais nutrem, fortalecem e dão expressão à fé. [Compêndio do Catecismo da Igreja Católica, 224]

Há sete sacramentos:

 Batismo
 Eucaristia
 Confirmação
 Penitência, também chamada de Confissão e Reconciliação
 Unção dos Enfermos, anteriormente chamada Extrema Unção e Últimos Sacramentos
 Ordens sagradas
 Matrimônio

Música litúrgica
Canto e música, especialmente canto gregoriano, estão associados à liturgia. O canto gregoriano, também chamado de cantilena Romana, tem sido, desde a sua codificação, (supostamente sob o Papa São Gregório Magno, embora na verdade tenha ocorrido mais tarde) e continua sendo a música oficial da Liturgia Católica de Rito Latino, prescrita por documentos da Igreja para ser dado lugar de destaque em Suas liturgias. Esta forma de música da Igreja está contida no Missal Romano Sacramentário, bem como nos livros de canto, por exemplo graduale Romanum, antiphonale, liber cantualis. Outros Ritos dentro da Igreja Católica, (por exemplo, Maronita, Bizantino, Ambrosiano) têm suas próprias formas de canto que são próprias de suas Divinas Liturgias. O canto gregoriano dá à Igreja latina uma identidade musical e, como a antiga língua litúrgica, forneceu e ainda fornece às suas liturgias um elemento unificador à medida que sua catolicidade ("universalidade") se tornou mais aparente, através das viagens internacionais de papas recentes, mídia mundial originária do Vaticano, etc. Também associadas à liturgia estão as imagens sagradas, que proclamam a mesma mensagem que as palavras da Sagrada Escritura cantadas às melodias sagradas do canto, e que ajudam a despertar e nutrir a fé.

O documento de 1967 Musicam sacram, que implementou a Constituição sobre a Sagrada Liturgia após o Concílio Vaticano II, menciona repetidamente a facilitação da participação plena e ativa da congregação, conforme solicitado pelo Concílio. para que "a unidade dos corações seja alcançada mais profundamente pela união das vozes. Musicam Sacram afirma: "Não se pode encontrar nada mais religioso e mais alegre nas celebrações sagradas do que uma congregação inteira expressando sua fé e devoção em canções. Portanto, a participação ativa de todo o povo, que se manifesta no canto, deve ser cuidadosamente promovida."  Ela exige a promoção dessa participação congregacional por meio da atenção à escolha dos diretores de música, à escolha das músicas, e à natureza da congregação. Menciona o dever de conseguir essa participação por parte de coros, diretores de coros, pastores, organistas e instrumentistas. Para alcançar a participação plena e ativa da congregação, uma grande restrição na introdução de novos hinos provou ser muito útil. Também para este fim, a Instrução Geral do Missal Romano recomenda o uso de salmos responsoriais sazonais e também a manutenção de um cântico que todos possam cantar durante o processo de Comunhão, para "expressar a união de espírito dos comungantes por meio da unidade de suas vozes, para mostrar a alegria do coração e destacar mais claramente a natureza 'comunitária' da procissão para receber a Comunhão".

Vida devocional da Igreja
Além dos sacramentos, instituídos por Cristo, há muitos sacramentais, sinais sagrados (rituais ou objetos) que derivam seu poder da oração da Igreja. Envolvem a oração acompanhada pelo sinal da cruz ou outros sinais. Exemplos importantes são as bênçãos (pelas quais o louvor é dado a Deus e seus dons são orados), consagrações de pessoas e dedicações de objetos à adoração a Deus.

As devoções populares não fazem parte estritamente da liturgia, mas se forem julgadas autênticas, a Igreja as encoraja. Incluem veneração de relíquias de santos, visitas a santuários sagrados, peregrinações, procissões (incluindo procissões eucarísticas), Via Sacra (também conhecida como Via Crúcis), Horas Santas, Adoração Eucarística, Bênção do Santíssimo Sacramento, e o Rosário .

Em sua devoção, a Igreja faz uma distinção (Catecismo da Igreja Católica, s2132) entre veneração respeitosa por um lado e adoração ou adoração por outro. A adoração é devida somente a Deus - isso inclui a Eucaristia, pois Cristo está verdadeiramente presente. A veneração de uma imagem ou relíquia de um santo é definida como o respeito ao que está representado na imagem, não à imagem em si.

Tempo litúrgico
Domingo, que comemora a ressurreição de Cristo e tem sido celebrado pelos cristãos desde os primeiros tempos (1 Coríntios 16:2; Apocalipse 1:10; Inácio de Antioquia: Magn.9:1; Justino Mártir: I Apology 67:5), é a ocasião marcante para a liturgia; mas nenhum dia, nem mesmo qualquer hora, está excluído da celebração da liturgia. A única exceção é para a liturgia eucarística na Sexta-feira Santa e no Sábado Santo antes da Vigília Pascal, quando não é celebrada.

A Liturgia das Horas consagra a Deus todo o curso do dia e da noite. Laudes e Vésperas (oração da manhã e da noite) são as horas principais. A estes são adicionados um ou três períodos de oração intermediários (tradicionalmente chamados Terce, Sext e None), outro período de oração para terminar o dia (Compline), e um período especial de oração chamado Oficina de Leituras (anteriormente conhecido como Matins) sem horário fixo. tempo, dedicado principalmente a leituras das Escrituras e escritores eclesiásticos. O Concílio Vaticano II suprimiu uma 'hora' adicional chamada Prime . As orações da Liturgia das Horas consistem principalmente no Saltério ou Livro dos Salmos. Como a Missa, a Liturgia das Horas inspirou grandes composições musicais. Um nome anterior para a Liturgia das Horas e para os livros que continham os textos era o Ofício Divino (um nome ainda usado como título de uma tradução inglesa), o Livro das Horas e o Breviário. Bispos, sacerdotes, diáconos e membros de institutos religiosos são obrigados a rezar diariamente pelo menos algumas partes da Liturgia das Horas, obrigação que se aplicava também aos subdiáconos, até a supressão pós-CVII do subdiaconato.

Espaço sagrado
O culto do Novo Testamento "em espírito e em verdade" (João 4:24) não está ligado exclusivamente a nenhum lugar ou lugares particulares, pois Cristo é visto como o verdadeiro templo de Deus, e por meio dele também os cristãos e toda a Igreja se tornam, sob a influência do Espírito Santo, um templo de Deus (1 Coríntios 3:16). No entanto, a condição terrena da Igreja na terra torna necessário ter certos lugares para celebrar a liturgia. Dentro dessas igrejas, capelas e oratórios, os católicos dão particular ênfase ao altar, ao tabernáculo (no qual se guarda a Eucaristia), à sede do bispo (cátedra') ou sacerdote, e à pia batismal.

"O mistério de Cristo é tão insondavelmente rico que não pode ser esgotado por sua expressão em nenhuma tradição litúrgica. A história do florescimento e desenvolvimento destes ritos testemunha uma notável complementaridade. Quando as Igrejas viveram suas respectivas tradições litúrgicas na comunhão da fé e dos sacramentos da fé, enriqueceram-se mutuamente e cresceram na fidelidade à Tradição e à missão comum de toda a Igreja". (CIC 1201) Como católica ou universal, a Igreja acredita que pode e deve conter em sua unidade as verdadeiras riquezas desses povos e culturas.

"Na liturgia, sobretudo a dos sacramentos, há uma parte imutável, uma parte divinamente instituída e da qual a Igreja é a guardiã, e uma parte mutável, da qual a Igreja tem o poder e, às vezes, o dever de adaptar-se às culturas dos povos recentemente evangelizados". (CIC 1205)

Oração pessoal
Da mesma forma, a grande variedade da espiritualidade católica permite que os católicos individualmente rezem em particular de muitas maneiras diferentes. A quarta e última parte do Catecismo resume assim a resposta do católico ao mistério da fé: com o Deus vivo e verdadeiro. Esta relação é a oração." (CIC 2558)

Veja também

 Igrejas particulares católicas e ritos litúrgicos

Referências

Links externos

 Dicionário de Liturgia Católica
 Institutum Liturgicum in Anglia et Cambria
 Usuário, uma biblioteca digital e banco de dados para o estudo da história litúrgica latina na Idade Média e no início do período moderno

Liturgia católica
Catolicismo

Liturgia católica


Josef Bonatzi (eller Bonatsy) var en bøhmisk skomager, som kom gående til Skagen og her bosatte sig i Stine og Per Bollerhus' bolig i Østerby. Her levede han med sine høns og store mængder af lus.

Bonatzis lyrehus (hus uden skorsten, men med røghul), der var tækket med lyng, tørv, sække og andet forhåndenværende materiale, blev en attraktion for turister. Efter åbningen af Frederikshavn-Skagen-banen i 1890 tog Bonatzi tit opstilling blandt hotelkarlene på perronen iført en skyggeløs trådhat, hvor på der sad en seddel med inskriptionen: Til Bonatzis hytte.

Kunstnerne brugte ham som model, hvilket i dag kan ses i Skagens Kunstmuseers samling, og bl.a. Holger Drachmann besøgte ham ofte i den lave stue, hvor stanken af fisk og årgammelt snavs var intens.

Hans død blev bekendtgjort over det ganske land af Ritzaus Bureau.

Efter Bonatzis død blev hans hus brændt af som Sankthans-bål (23. juni 1913 - 500 års Købstads jubilæum) - Hytten lå cirka der hvor Admiralgården blev opført i 1915 - Østre Strandvej 51.

Referencer

Litteratur

Personer fra Bøhmen
Personer fra Skagen

Josef Bonatzi


Air Somalia je privatni zračni prijevoznik u Somaliji sa sjedištem u glavnom gradu Mogadišu. Osnovan je 2001. godine.

Glavna odredišta za međunarodne letove su države Afričkog kontinenta i Srednjeg istoka.

Izvori

Zrakoplovne tvrtke
Gospodarstvo Somalije

Air Somalia


The Bridge est le quinzième album studio de Sting, paru le 19 novembre 2021 chez A&M Records.

Conception
Sting compose l'album "durant une année remplie de pertes et de séparations, de confinement, de pandémie et de troubles politiques et sociaux".

L'album a été enregistré à distance, les musiciens étant répartis à travers le monde en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19.

Le premier single, If It's Love, sort le  septembre 2021. Le second single, Rushing Water, sort le 30 septembre 2021.

Le saxophoniste et clarinettiste Branford Marsalis, qui a joué sur ses quatre premiers albums solo (incluant l'album live Bring On The Night), joue sur ce nouvel opus de Sting.

Liste des chansons
L'album sort en trois versions : album 10 chansons, version Deluxe et version japonaise.

Crédits
 Sting : Chant, basse
 Dominic Miller : Guitares
 Martin Kierszenbaum : Claviers
 Frédéric Renaudin : Synthétiseur
 Branford Marsalis : Saxophone, clarinette
 Manu Katché, Josh Freese : Batterie
 Gene Noble, Jo Lawry, Laila Biali, Melissa Musique : Chœurs

Classements

Réception

 Selon Jordi Zamora de l'AFP, Sting propose un album "métaphore de l'élan pour enjamber l'adversité [...où...] l'isolement et la pandémie ne l'ont pas directement inspiré [...] mais trouvent un écho dans les thèmes abordés".
 Pour Eric Jean-Jean de RTL2, "The Bridge est un bon cru, moins rock et plus pop. Un disque dans la lignée de son album The Dream of the Blue Turtles, sorti après son départ du groupe, The Police".
 John Shand du Sydney Morning Herald y voit la transcription de l'intérêt que porte Sting à la pop, au R&B, au folk et aux sonorités issues du jazz, le chanteur sonnant 'comme à la fleur de l'âge'.
 Sur Ultimate Classic Rock, Michael Gallucci parle de l'album de Sting comme étant le moins compliqué (the least fussy) et le plus satisfaisant depuis des années.

Références

Album de Sting
Album publié par A&M Records
Album musical sorti en 2021

The Bridge (album de Sting)


Hvem tror på Ulrik? er en dansk kortfilm fra 2001, der er instrueret af Niki Sellers og Frank Trier efter manuskript af sidstnævnte.

Handling
Ulrik er arbejdsløs og på gaden hver dag for at drikke med vennerne.

Medvirkende
 Kim Sønderholm - Ulrik
 Dan Zahle - René
 Solveig Spangsberg - Socialrådgiver
 Jesper Thygesen - Ung mand
 Hanne Løvendahl - Kvinde på bænk

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2001

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Hvem tror på Ulrik?


معين شريف (15 مايو 1972 -) مغني لبناني.

حياته
ولد في بعلبك وأصله من ضيعة اليمونة. عندما كان في سن الثامنة اكتشفت والدته موهبته الغنائية فأحضرت له أساتذة لتعليم الموسيقى، تعلم على البيانو وعلى العود، كان يأخذ عوده الخاص به ويذهب إلى نهر في ضيعته كان يجلس بقربه ويستلهم قدراته الرائعة لكي يدرب صوته حتى أصبح بهذا المستوى الرائع.
توفي والده وعمره ثمانية وعشرين وبعده بسنتين توفيت والدته، عاش مع إخوته وتابع تعليمهم وتربيتهم انشغل عن الغناء بسبب موت والديه، تخطى هذه المرحلة وتابع مسيرته الفنية مع أعمال جديدة مثل«نصيبي» و «أهل الخير»

مشواره المهني
شارك في برنامج ليالي لبنان عندما كان عمره 12 سنة، استضافوه في هذا البرنامج ولم يكن متسابقا لأنه كان صغير السن ولكن لتقديمه كموهبة صغيرة السن وغنى أغنية صعبة جدا للمطرب الكبير وديع الصافي كانت بعنوان ((عم حلفك بالغصن يا عصفور)). وذلك لولعه الشديد بالمطرب الكبير وديع الصافي.
شارك في برنامج ستديو الفن في عام 1994 وتخرج منه وقد حصل على كثير من الجوائز طوال مسيرته الغنائية، أصدر ألبومات خاصة به.
لقّب نفسه ((بمطرب الجيلين)) لكي يواكب الجيل الصاعد في الأغاني الصاخبة ولكي يحافظ على التراث اللبناني الأصيل.

تعلم في مدرسة الأستاذ وديع الصافي وقد اعتبر الأستاذ الصافي معين شريف أنه الابن الروحي له.

شارك في كثير من المهرجانات وقد غنى بصحبة الفنانة أصالة نصري في كثير من الحفلات أغنية للأستاذ وديع الصافي وفيروز.
وقع معين عقدا مع شركة روتانا و art الموسيقى لكنه لم يجدد العقد بسبب خلافات مع الشركة بعد اتهامه لها بإفساد الفن العربي.

حياته الشخصية
تزوج عام 2006 من اللبنانية" مريم شريف ورزق منه بثلاثة أبناء معين، منى وعلي

ألبومات

فيديو كليب

أغاني مسلسلات

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بعلبك
أعضاء نقابة الفنانين المحترفين في لبنان
شيعة لبنانيون
عازفو بيانو لبنانيون
عازفو عود
متسابقون في ستوديو الفن
مغنون لبنانيون
مواليد 1392 هـ
مواليد 1972
مغنون ذكور لبنانيون في القرن 20
مغنون ذكور لبنانيون في القرن 21

معين شريف


Grár er litur sem er nákvæmlega á milli svarts og hvíts á litaskalanum. Samkvæmt skoðanakönnunum í Evrópu og Bandaríkjunum er grái liturinn almennt tengdur við hlutleysi, samræmi, leiðindi, óvissu, háan aldur, afskiptaleysi, og lítillæti, en eingöngu 1% svarenda völdu þann lit sem uppáhaldslitinn sinn.

Litir

Grár


Bătălia de la pârâul Vodna, sau Bătălia de la Cursul Apei, a avut loc între 18-20 noiembrie 1473 între armatele Moldovei și Țării Românești.

După Bătălia de la Soci din 1471, relațiile dintre Ștefan cel Mare și Radu cel Frumos au continuat să se deterioreze iar din 1473 Moldova a sistat plata tributului către Imperiul Otoman. Ștefan reușește, pe căi diplomatice, să obțină neutralitatea Regatului Ungariei și aliază cu Uzun Hasan, padișahul din Agqoyunlu, însă avea nevoie de un domn loial pe tronul Țării Românești în eventualitatea unei invazii otomane.

Începutul ostilităților a avut loc la data de 8 noiembrie 1473, când voievodul, împreună cu Laiotă Basarab care urma a fi înscăunat domn, își mută trupele pe râul Milcov. Armata moldoveană, formată din circa 24.000 de oameni, este împărțită în 12 unități (cete) care înaintează pe trasee diferite în Țara Românească până la râul Vodna sau pârâul Potoc unde este întâmpinat de trupele lui Radu cel Frumos. Bătălia, care durează 3 zile (între 18-20 noiembrie), este câștigată de armata moldoveană, Radu fiind nevoit să se refugieze în cetatea de scaun Dâmbovița care va fi asediată câteva zile mai târziu.

Note

Secolul al XV-lea în România
Bătăliile Moldovei
Bătăliile Țării Românești
Bătăliile lui Ștefan cel Mare
Bătălii medievale
1473

Bătălia de la pârâul Vodna


බදුරලිය ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පළමු පෙළ ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමකි. එය මග්ගොන සරේ විලේජ් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාංගණය තම නිවහන ලෙස සලසා ක්‍රීඩා කරයි.

2008 අගභාගයේදී, සමාජය ශ්‍රී ලංකා දේශීය තරඟාවලි වර්ජනය කරන බවට තර්ජනය කළේ A කාණ්ඩයේ ඔවුන්ගේ ස්ථානයෙන් B ස්ථරයට පහත හෙළීමට ඔවුන් දක්වන විරෝධතා හේතුවෙනි. සමාජය පසුව ඔවුන්ගේ ස්ථාවරයෙන් පසුබසින අතර, Nondescripts Cricket Club ඉනිමකින් සහ ලකුණු දෙකකින් පරාජය කරන ලදී..

2005-06 අතර, ඔවුන් ප්‍රථම වරට පළමු පෙළ ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාවට පෙනී සිටින විට සහ 2015 දෙසැම්බර් අග භාගයේදී, බදුරලිය ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය පළමු පෙළ තරග 97කට ක්‍රීඩා කර, ජයග්‍රහණ 13ක්, පරාජයන් 37ක් සහ ජය පරාජයෙන් තොරව 47ක් ක්‍රීඩා කළේය.

2014-15 ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් විස්සයි20 තරගාවලියේ ශූරතාව බදුරලිය ක්‍රීඩා සමාජයට හිමිවිය.

යොමු කිරීම්

බදුරලිය ක්‍රීඩා සමාජය


Celadon () is a term for pottery denoting both wares glazed in the jade green celadon color, also known as greenware or "green ware" (the term specialists now tend to use), and a type of transparent glaze, often with small cracks, that was first used on greenware, but later used on other porcelains. Celadon originated in China, though the term is purely European, and notable kilns such as the Longquan kiln in Zhejiang province are renowned for their celadon glazes. Celadon production later spread to other parts of East Asia, such as Japan and Korea as well as Southeast Asian countries, such as Thailand.  Eventually, European potteries produced some pieces, but it was never a major element there. Finer pieces are in porcelain, but both the color and the glaze can be produced in stoneware and earthenware. Most of the earlier Longquan celadon is on the border of stoneware and porcelain, meeting the Chinese but not the European definitions of porcelain.

For many centuries, celadon wares were highly regarded by the Chinese imperial court, before being replaced in fashion by painted wares, especially the new blue and white porcelain under the Yuan dynasty.  The similarity of the color to jade, traditionally the most highly valued material in China, was a large part of its attraction. Celadon continued to be produced in China at a lower level, often with a conscious sense of reviving older styles.  In Korea the celadons produced under the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) are regarded as the classic wares of Korean porcelain.

The celadon color is classically produced by firing a glaze containing a little iron oxide at a high temperature in a reducing kiln. The materials must be refined, as other chemicals can alter the color completely. Too little iron oxide causes a blue color (sometimes a desired effect), and too much gives olive and finally black; the right amount is between 0.75% and 2.5%.  The presence of other chemicals may have effects; titanium dioxide gives a yellowish tinge.

Etymology

The term "celadon" for the pottery's pale jade-green glaze was coined by European connoisseurs of the wares. The most commonly accepted theory is that the term first appeared in France in the 17th century and that it is named after the shepherd Celadon in Honoré d'Urfé's French pastoral romance L'Astrée (1627), who wore pale green ribbons. (D'Urfe, in turn, borrowed his character from Ovid's Metamorphoses V.144.) Another theory is that the term is a corruption of the name of Saladin (Salah ad-Din), the Ayyubid Sultan, who in 1171 sent forty pieces of the ceramic to Nur ad-Din Zengi, Sultan of Syria.

Production and characteristics

Celadon glaze refers to a family of usually partly transparent but colored glazes, many with pronounced (and sometimes accentuated) "crackle", or tiny cracks in the glaze produced in a wide variety of colors, generally used on stoneware or porcelain pottery bodies.

So-called "true celadon", which requires a minimum  furnace temperature, a preferred range of , and firing in a reducing atmosphere, originated at the beginning of the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), at least on one strict definition.  The unique grey or green celadon glaze is a result of iron oxide's transformation from ferric to ferrous iron (Fe2O3 → FeO) during the firing process.  Individual pieces in a single firing can have significantly different colors, from small variations in conditions in different parts of the kiln.  Most of the time, green was the desired color, reminding the Chinese of jade, always the most valued material in Chinese culture.

Celadon glazes can be produced in a variety of colors, including white, grey, blue and yellow, depending on several factors:

 the thickness of the applied glaze,
 the type of clay to which it is applied,
 the exact chemical makeup of the glaze,
 the firing temperature
 the degree of reduction in the kiln atmosphere and
 the degree of opacity in the glaze.

The most famous and desired shades range from a very pale green to deep intense green, often meaning to mimic the green shades of jade.  The main color effect is produced by iron oxide in the glaze recipe or clay body. Celadons are almost exclusively fired in a reducing atmosphere kiln as the chemical changes in the iron oxide which accompany depriving it of free oxygen are what produce the desired colors.

East Asia

Chinese celadons

Greenwares are found in earthenware from the Shang dynasty onwards.  Archaeologist Wang Zhongshu states that shards with a celadon ceramic glaze have been recovered from Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 AD) tomb excavations in Zhejiang, and that this type of ceramic became well known during the Three Kingdoms (220–265). These are now often called proto-celadons, and tend to browns and yellows, without much green.

The earliest major type of celadon was Yue ware, which was succeeded by a number of kilns in north China producing wares known as Northern Celadons, sometimes used by the imperial court.  The best known of these is Yaozhou ware.  All these types were already widely exported to the rest of East Asia and the Islamic world.

Longquan celadon wares were first made during the Northern Song, but flourished under the Southern Song, as the capital moved to the south and the northern kilns declined. This had bluish, blue-green, and olive green glazes and the bodies increasingly had high silica and alkali contents which resembled later porcelain wares made at Jingdezhen and Dehua rather than stonewares.

All the wares mentioned above were mostly in, or aiming to be in, some shade of green. Other wares which can be classified as celadons, were more often in shades of pale blue, very highly valued by the Chinese, or various browns and off-whites. These were often the most highly regarded at the time and by later Chinese connoisseurs, and sometimes made more or less exclusively for the court. These include Ru ware, Guan ware and Ge ware, as well as earlier types such as the "secret color" (mi se) wares, finally identified when the crypt at the Famen Temple was opened.

Large quantities of Longquan celadon were exported throughout East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East in the 13th–15th century. Large celadon dishes were especially welcomed in Islamic nations.  Since about 1420 the Counts of Katzenelnbogen have owned the oldest European import of celadon, reaching Europe indirectly via the Islamic world.  This is a cup mounted in metal in Europe, and exhibited in Kassel in the Landesmuseum.  After the development of blue and white porcelain in Jingdezhen ware in the early 14th century, celadon gradually went out of fashion in both Chinese and export markets, and after about 1500 both the quality and quantity of production was much reduced, though there were some antiquarian revivals of celadon glazes on Jingdezhen porcelain in later centuries.

Decoration in Chinese celadons is normally only by shaping the body or creating shallow designs on the flat surface which allow the glaze to pool in depressions, giving a much deeper color to accentuate the design. In both methods carving, moulding and a range of other techniques may be used. There is very rarely any contrast with a completely different color, except where parts of a piece are sometimes left as unglazed biscuit in Longquan celadon.

Japanese celadons

The Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese characters for greenware is . It was introduced during the Song dynasty (960–1270) from China and via Korea. Even though Japan has arguably the most diverse styles of ceramic art in the modern era, greenware was mostly avoided by potters because of the high loss rate of up to 80%. Kaolinite, the ceramic material usually used for the production of porcelain, also does not exist in large quantities like in China. One of the sources for kaolin in Japan is from Amakusa in Kyushu. Nevertheless, a number of artists emerged whose works received critical acclaim in regards to the quality and color of the glazes achieved, as well as later on in the innovation of modern design.

Three pieces originally from China have been registered by the government as national treasures. They are two flower vases from the Longquan kiln dating to the southern Song dynasty in the 13th century, and a flower vase with iron brown spots also from Longquan kiln dating to the Yuan dynasty in the 13–14th century.

Production in the style of Longquan was centered around Arita, Saga and in the Saga Domain under the lords of the Nabeshima clan.
Greenware is also closed entwined with  white porcelain. The glaze with a mixed subtle color gradations of icy, bluish white is called seihakuji (青白磁) porcelain. In Chinese this type of glaze is known as Qingbai ware. Qingbai's history goes back to the Song dynasty. It is biscuit-fired and painted with a glaze containing small amounts of iron. This turns a bluish color when fired again. Japanese artists and clients tend to favor the seihakuji bluish white glaze over the completely green glaze.

Pieces that are produced are normally tea or rice bowls, sake cups, vases, and plates, and mizusashi water jars for tea ceremony, censers and boxes. Some post-modern ceramic artists have however expanded into the area of sculpture and abstract art as well.

Artists from the early Showa era are Itaya Hazan (1872–1963), Tomimoto Kenkichi (1886–1963), Kato Hajme (1900–1968),  (1912–1990), and Okabe Mineo (1919–1990), who specialized in Guan ware with its crackled glaze. Tsukamoto Kaiji was nominated a Living National Treasure in 1983 for his works in seihakuji. Artists from the mid- to late Showa era were Shimizu Uichi (1926–?), who also specialized in crackled glaze, Suzuki Osamu (1926–2001), Miura Koheiji (1933–?), Suzuki Sansei (b. 1936), Fukami Sueharu (b. 1947), and Takenaka Ko (b. 1941). During the Heisei era artists are Masamichi Yoshikawa (b. 1946), Kawase Shinobu (b. 1950), Minegishi Seiko (b. 1952), Kubota Atsuko (b. 1953), Yagi Akira (b. 1955) and  (b. 1962).

Artists such as Fukami Sueharu, Masamichi Yoshikawa, and Kato Tsubusa also produce abstract pieces, and their works are part of a number of national and international museum collections. Kato Tsubusa works with kaolin from New Zealand.

Korean celadons

Korean celadon has its own tradition of greenware production, dating back to the Three Kingdoms period. Korea has a tradition of making jewels and crowns with jade in gogok shapes as a symbol of creativity, universe, divinity, and leadership. Chinese greenwares inspired local potters as well.  Exceptional high-quality celadons were produced in Korea during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties. An inlaid greenware technique known as sanggam, where potters would engrave semi-dried pottery with designs and place black or white clay materials within the engraving, was invented in Korea during this time.

Korean greenware, also known as "Goryeo celadon" is usually a pale green-blue in color. The glaze was developed and refined during the 10th and 11th centuries during the Goryeo period, from which it derives its name. Korean greenware reached its zenith between the 12th and early 13th centuries, however, the Mongol invasions of Korea in the 13th century and persecution by the Joseon dynasty government destroyed the craft.

The Gangjin Kiln Sites produced a large number of Goryeo wares and were a complex of 188 kilns. The kiln sites are located in Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do near the sea.  Mountains in the north provided the necessary raw materials such as firewood, kaolinite, and silicon dioxide for the master potters while a well established system of distribution transported pottery throughout Korea and facilitated export to China and Japan. The sites are tentatively listed as a World Heritage by the South Korean government.  Celadon was used as a "spirit vessel" or Chy- Tang to summon spirits to bring positivity, in many Korean temples from the 14th century.

Traditional Korean greenware has distinctive decorative elements. The most distinctive are decorated by overlaying glaze on contrasting clay bodies. With inlaid designs, known as sanggam in Korean, small pieces of colored clay are inlaid in the base clay. Carved or slip-carved designs require layers of a different colored clay adhered to the base clay of the piece. The layers are then carved away to reveal the varying colors.

A number of items dating from the Goryeo dynasty have been registered by the government as a National Treasure of South Korea, such as a Dragon kettle from the 12th century (National Treasure No. 61), a maebyeong vase with sanggam engraved cranes (National Treasure No. 68), an elaborate censer with kingfisher glaze (National Treasure No. 95), and a pitcher in the shape of a Dragon Turtle (National Treasure No. 96).

Beginning in the early 20th century, potters, using modern materials and tools, attempted to recreate the techniques of ancient Korean Goyeo celadons. Playing a leading role in its revival was Yu Geun-Hyeong (유근형; 柳根瀅), a Living National Treasure whose work was documented in the 1979 short film, Koryo Celadon. Another notable potter and Living National Treasure was Ji Suntaku (1912–1993). Today, hundreds of potters showcase their work at the Icheon Ceramics Village, which features contemporary work from Sugwang-ri, Sindun-myeon, and Saeum-dong in the city of Icheon.

The National Museum of Korea in Seoul houses important celadon works and national treasures. The Haegang Ceramics Museum and the Goryeo Celadon Museum are two regional museums that focus on Korean greenware.

Southeast Asia

Thai celadon

Thai ceramics has its own tradition of greenware production. Medieval Thai wares were initially influenced by Chinese greenware, but went on to develop its own unique style and technique. One of the most famous kilns during the Sukhothai Kingdom were at S(r)i Satchanalai, around Si Satchanalai District and Sawankhalok District in Sukhothai Province, north-central Thailand. Production started in the 13th century CE and continued until the 16th century. The art reached its apex in the 14th century.

Vietnamese celadon

Others

Outside of East Asia a number of artists also worked with greenware to varying degrees of success in regards to purity and quality. These include Thomas Bezanson of Weston Priory and Wanda Golakowska (1901–1975) of Poland, whose works are part of the collection of the National Museum, Warsaw and National Museum, Kraków.

Notes

References
Gompertz, G. St. G. M., Chinese Celadon Wares, 1980 (2nd ed.), Faber & Faber, .

Further reading
  Korean art from the Gompertz and other collections in the Fitzwilliam Museum, by Yong-i Yun, Regina Krahl
 Valenstein, Suzanne G. (1975): A Handbook of Chinese Ceramics. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

External links

 World History Encyclopedia – Korean Celadon Pottery
 Eternal Celadon: Ceramics and Jades from East Asia

Ceramic glazes
Chinese inventions
Chinese pottery
Japanese pottery
Korean pottery
Porcelain
Shades of green
Stoneware
Thai pottery
Types of pottery decoration

Celadon


Heinrich Förster henviser til:

 Heinrich Förster (biskop) (1799–1881) – tysk biskop
 Heinrich von Förster (1832–1889) – østrigsk arkitekt

Heinrich Förster


The Sunset Boys er en dansk dramafilm fra 1995, instrueret af Leidulv Risan

Medvirkende
Erland Josephson som August Lind
Espen Skjønberg som Carl Berner
Trine Pallesen som Nina
Bodil Kjer som Marianne Haas
Robert Mitchum som Ernest Bogan
Cliff Robertson som Theodore (Ted) Roth
Ingrid van Bergen som Wenche Haas
Ulrich Wildgruber som Pastor Berger
Hanna Schygulla som Eva Løhwe
Kai Wiesinger som Fritz Becker
Nadja Tiller som Gertrude
Sven Nordin som Dr. Sunde
Ellen Horn som Sygeplejerske
Ernst Jacobi som Leonard Haas
Joachim Kemmer som Johannes Christof
Oliver Nägele som Paul Zeppelin
Richard Beek
Heide Simon
Armin Rohde
Thomas Wüpper som Politibetjent
Gabrielle Odinis
Bärbel Kasperek
Walter Gontermann

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1995
Komediefilm fra Danmark
Film fra Danmark (administrationskategori)
Dramafilm fra Danmark

The Sunset Boys


Mişna Berurah (İbranice: "Açıklanmış Öğreti"), Yisrael Meir Kagan'ın yazdığı bir Halaha (Yahudi hukuku) kitabıdır. Orta Çağ'dan sonra gelişen olaylar hakkında ileri gelen Musevilerin fikirlerini özetler.

Yahudi metinleri

Mişna Berurah


Á sjötta tímanum að morgni 22. ágúst árið 2022 átti sér stað atvik á Blönduósi sem kom bæjarbúum í mikið uppnám. Atburðarásin fór þannig fram að maður vopnaður afsagaðari haglabyssu, sjö skotum auk veiðihnífs æddi inn í hús hjóna á sextugsaldri sem ráku framleiðslufyrirtæki í bænum. Maðurinn gekk svo rakleiðis til baka út eftir að hann sá að næturgestir voru hjá fólkinu í næsta herbergi. Húsráðandi veitti honum eftirför út úr húsinu og skaut þá árásarmaðurinn húsráðanda í kviðinn með tilheyrandi áverkum og gekk svo rakleiðist aftur inn í húsið og skaut eiginkonu hans til bana í höfuðið.

Sonur húsráðenda hafði dvalist hjá foreldrum sínum þessa nótt auk sambýliskonu og ungbarns. Hann vaknaði við athoft og kom föður sínum til hjálpar en móðir hans lá látin á stofugólfinu. Hann náði byssunni af árásarmanninum og urðu á milli þeirra mikil átök sem enduðu með því að árásarmaðurinn hlaut bana af. Réttarkrufning leiddi í ljós að dánarorsök árásarmannsins væri mikill þrýstingur á háls og brjóst sem leiddi til köfnunar.
Um það bil tveimur vikum fyrir árásina höfðu húseigendur í tvígang tilkynnt manninn til lögreglu þar sem hann hafði verið umhverfis hús þeirra með haglabyssu og tekið myndbönd inn um glugga hjónanna. Hann hafði þá verið handtekinn en sleppt stuttu síðar. Til stóð að svipta manninn skotvopnaleyfi eftir þetta en það var þó ennþá í ferli þegar maðurinn lét til skara skríða. Einnig hafði stjórn skotfélagsins Markviss á Blönduósi tilkynnt manninn til lögreglu í nóvember árið áður vegna þess að það taldi andlega heilsu hans ekki nógu góða til að meðhöndla skotvopn. Maðurinn var fyrrum starfsmaður hjónanna í framleiðslufyrirtæki þeirra í bænum og svo virðist sem hann hafi átt óuppgerð mál við þau.

Rannsókn málsins lauk 10. febrúar árið 2023 og kom þá meðal annars í ljós að það hafði tekið lögreglu um 26 mínútur að koma á staðinn. Lögreglan var harðlega gagnrýnd fyrir það en einnig var hún gagnrýnd fyrir skort á upplýsingagjöf á meðan á rannsókn málsins stóð. Vakti það einnig furðu almennings að byssan sem notuð hafði verið í verknaðinn hafði verið skráð á fyrirtæki sem úrskurðað hafði verið gjaldþrota fyrir fimmtán árum síðan. En það fyrirtæki seldi skotvopn og annan veiðibúnað. Maðurinn hafði þó sjálfur átt skotvopn en hann afhenti lögreglu þau þann 12. ágúst árið 2022 eða tíu dögum fyrir atvikið.

Þegar atvik sem þessi koma upp og árásarmaður býður bana af hendi árásarþola þarf að skoða sérstaklega vel hvort vísa megi til 12. greinar almennra hegningarlaga m. 19/1940. Þar segir að verk sem er framið vegna neyðarvarnar sé refsilaust ef það hefur verið framið til að verjast eða afstýra ólögmætri árás. Varnirnar mega þó ekki vera hættulegri en árásin eða það tjón sem orðið hefði. Ella gæta þarf sérstaklega að því að fara ekki út fyrir takmörk leyfilegrar neyðarvarnar en ef maður hefur orðið svo skelfdur eða forviða og gengið of langt í neyðarvörn af þeim ástæðum skal honum ekki refsað.

Í upphafi fengu feðgarnir stöðu sakbornings í þessu máli. Niðurstaða héraðssaksóknara sem tilkynnt var þann 1. mars árið 2023 var þó að gefa ekki út ákæru í þessu máli og var vísað með til 12. greinar almennra hegningarlaga um neyðarvörn. Rannsóknaraðilar málsins töldu feðgana ekki hafa farið út fyrir takmörk til leyfilegrar neyðarvarnar og taldi héraðssaksóknari málið því ólíklegt til sakfellis. Sérstakir hagsmunaaðilar í málinu höfðu kost á að kæra niðurstöðu héraðssaksóknara til ríkissaksóknara og gerðu þeir það 14. apríl árið 2023 en ríkissaksóknari staðfesti ákvörðun héraðssaksóknara

Þetta mál hefur rist rúnir í sögu Blönduósar sem algjör harmleikur. Málið sýndi þó hve sterk samúð og samstaða bæjarbúa getur verið á erfiðum tímum. Málið var einnig mikið fordæmi til að vinna að endurbótum í geðheilbrigðismálum og að skoða þurfi hvort löggjöf um meðhöndlun skotvopna sé nægilega hörð. Einnig sýndi það að skoða þurfi hvort ferli um sviptingu skotvopnaleyfa gangi nægilega hratt fyrir sig.

Tilvísanir

Blönduósmálið


An Gunnarella neocaledonica in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Alfred Barton Rendle, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Karlheinz Senghas. An Gunnarella neocaledonica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gunnarella, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha New Caledonia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Gunnarella

Gunnarella neocaledonica


Hikmet Sami Türk (1935, Of) Türk hukukçu, akademisyen ve siyasetçidir.

Hayatı
İlk öğrenimini Of'ta Orta öğrenimini Bafra'da yaptı. 1954 yılında İstanbul Kabataş Erkek Lisesi'nden mezun oldu. 1958 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi'nden mezun oldu.

1964 yılında Almanya'da Köln Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi'nde "Hukuk Doktoru" unvanını kazandı. Yurda dönüşünde askerlik hizmetini tamamladı. 1967 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Almanca okutmanlığına, 1968 yılında aynı fakültenin Ticaret Hukuku Kürsüsü asistanlığına atandı. 1977 yılında "Üniversite Doçenti" unvanını kazandı. 1988 yılında profesör oldu. 1995 yılı Ekim sonuna kadar aynı fakültede Ticaret Hukuku Ana Bilim Dalı Öğretim Üyesi olarak çalıştı. 1995 ve 1999 Genel Seçimlerinde DSP'den Trabzon Milletvekili seçildi.

30 Haziran 1997'de kurulan III. Yılmaz Koalisyon Hükûmeti'nde DSP'den İnsan Haklarından Sorumlu Devlet Bakanı, 11 Ocak 1999'da kurulan IV. Ecevit Hükûmetinde Millî Savunma Bakanı ve 28 Mayıs 1999'da kurulan V. Ecevit Hükûmeti'nde de Adalet Bakanı olarak görev yaptı. KPSS sınavının kuramcılarındandır. Rahşan Affı'nın çıkarılması için çalışmıştır. Yıllar sonra, bu aftan pişman olmadığını söylemiştir.

3 Kasım 2002 seçimlerinde partisinin seçim barajını aşamaması nedeniyle TBMM dışında kaldı. 23 Haziran'da yeniden yapılacak İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanlığı yarışında 'Ekrem İmamoğlu'nu destekleyelim' önerisi reddedilen Türk, 24 yıldır üyesi olduğu DSP'den istifa etmiştir.

Ödülleri

 1990: Toplum ve İnsan Bilimleri alanı Ticaret Hukuku dalında Türkiye İş Bankası Büyük Ödülü, "Ticaret Ortaklıklarının Birleşmesi" ile

Dış bağlantılar
 Hikmet Sami Türk

Kaynakça

1935 doğumlular
İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Of doğumlular
TBMM 20. dönem Trabzon milletvekilleri
TBMM 21. dönem Trabzon milletvekilleri
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Millî Savunma Bakanları
Kabataş Erkek Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Bakanları
Demokratik Sol Parti mensubu siyasetçiler
20. yüzyıl Türk siyasetçileri
Türk hukuk akademisyenleri
Anayasa hukukçuları
AGİT Parlamenterler Asamblesi Türk Grubu
TBMM Anayasa Komisyonu
Bilkent Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Ankara Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Yaşayan insanlar
Resim aranan siyasetçiler
Bülent Ecevit
Trabzon doğumlu siyasetçiler
Trabzon doğumlu akademisyenler
Türk sekülaristler
Atatürkçüler

Hikmet Sami Türk


The Peruvian Navy (, abbreviated MGP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with surveillance, patrol and defense on lakes, rivers and the Pacific Ocean up to  from the Peruvian littoral. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting disaster relief operations and participating in international peacekeeping operations.

The Marina de Guerra del Perú celebrates the anniversary of its creation in 1821 on October 8 and also commemorates the decisive Battle of Angamos, the final part of the naval campaign of the War of the Pacific between Peru and Chile at the end of 1879.

History

19th century

The Marina de Guerra del Perú was established on 8 October 1821 by the government of general José de San Martín. Its first actions were undertaken during the War of Independence (1821–1824) using captured Spanish warships. The Peruvian Naval Infantry was also formed during the war with Spain, performing successfully in their first battle where they seized Arica from the Spanish.

Shortly afterwards it was engaged in the war against the Gran Colombia (1828–1829) during which it conducted a blockade against the seaport of Guayaquil and then assisted in the subsequent Peruvian occupation. The Navy saw further action during the war of the Peru-Bolivian Confederacy (1836–1839) and during the Chincha Islands War with Spain (1866).

The breakout of the War of the Pacific (1879–1883) caught the Peruvian Navy unprepared and with inferior forces in comparison to the Chilean Navy. Even so, hit-and-run tactics carried out by Peruvian Admiral Miguel Grau, commander of the ironclad , famously delayed the Chilean advance by six months until his death and defeat at the Battle of Angamos.

20th century
Following the War of the Pacific, the Peruvian Navy had to be completely rebuilt. In 1900 the force consisted of only one cruiser of 1,700 tons displacement, a screw-driven steamer, and ten smaller ships – the latter described by a contemporary British publication as "of no real value". The lengthy process of expansion and rebuilding started in 1907 with the acquisition from the United Kingdom of the scout cruisers  and Coronel Bolognesi, followed by the arrival of two submarines, Ferré and Palacios, from France in 1911. During the Presidency of Augusto B. Leguía (1919–1930) a Navy Ministry was established as well as a Navy Aviation Corps, both in 1920.

Border conflicts with Colombia in 1911 and 1932 and a war with Ecuador in 1941 saw Peruvian warships involved in some skirmishes in support of the Army. The attack on Pearl Harbor brought World War II to the Pacific and even though Peru did not declare war on the Axis until 1945, its Navy was involved in patrol missions against possible threats by the Imperial Japanese Navy from early 1942 up to mid-1945.

During the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s the Peruvian Navy carried out a major buildup programme which allowed it to take advantage over its traditional rival, the Chilean Navy. The navy purchased one cruiser the BAP Almirante Grau (CLM-81) from the Netherlands, eight Carvajal-class frigates from Italy – four newly purchased and four ex-Lupo-class frigates – as well as six PR-72P-class corvettes from France. The buildup proved to be temporary due to the economic crisis of the second half of the 1980s, forcing the decommissioning of several warships and resulting in a general lack of funds for maintenance.

The economic upturn of the 1990s and into the 2000s would later permit some improvement, although at a reduced force level compared to the early 1980s.

21st century

Into the 21st century, the Peruvian Navy began to modernize their ships. In 2008, the Type 209/1100 submarines were modernized while the Carvajal-class frigates began to be modernized in 2011. The Type 209/1200 submarines began to be modernized in late-2017 beginning with the BAP Chipana (SS-34).

SIMA has continued to construct ships for the Navy. In 2013, SIMA partnered with Posco Daewoo Corporation and Daesun Shipbuilding of South Korea to construct two Makassar-class landing platform docks. The , recently launched on 25 April 2017, as well as the BAP Paita which is currently under construction will provide Peru with increased expeditionary warfare capabilities, with the ability to accommodate multiple Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel, newly purchased LAV IIs and helicopters.

In 2018, a modernization program was initiated to upgrade Peru's Type 209/1200 submarines, the BAP Chipana, BAP Angamos, BAP Antofagasta and BAP Pisagua, with a contract with ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems being made for further assistance with SIMA.

During the 2017–present Peruvian political crisis, the Navy of Peru was involved in political scandals. During the first impeachment process against president Martín Vizcarra, the next in the order of succession to the presidency, President of the Congress Manuel Merino, had been in contact with the Commanding General of the Navy saying that he was attempting to remove Vizcarra from office. While the 2021 Peruvian general election was underway, the imprisoned former head of the National Intelligence Service (SIN) Vladimiro Montesinos was able to make phone calls from a landline telephone at the Centro de Reclusión de Máxima Seguridad (CEREC) at the Callao Naval Base to organize projects and campaign support for Keiko Fujimori in the Vladi-audios scandal.

Organization

The current Commander-in-Chief of the Peruvian Navy is Admiral Alberto Alcalá Luna. Naval Forces are subordinated to the Ministry of Defense and ultimately to the President as Chief Supreme of the Peruvian Armed Forces. They are organized as follows:

 Comandancia General de la Marina (Navy General Command)
 Estado Mayor General de la Marina (Navy General Staff)
 Inspectoría General de la Marina (Navy General Inspectorate)

Operational units are divided between three commands:

Comandancia General de Operaciones del Pacífico
Pacific Operations General Command, it comprises the following units:
  Fuerza de Superficie (Surface Force)
  Fuerza de Submarinos (Submarine Force)
  Fuerza de Aviación Naval (Naval Aviation Force)
  Fuerza de Infantería de Marina (Naval Infantry Force)
  Fuerza de Operaciones Especiales (Special Operations Force)

Comandancia General de Operaciones de la Amazonía
Amazon Operations General Command, tasked with river patrolling in the Peruvian portion of the Amazon Basin.

Dirección General de Capitanías y Guardacostas
Directive General of Captains and Coast Guard, oversees Coast Guard operations

Coast Guard

Coast Guard, tasked with law enforcement on Peruvian territorial waters, rivers and lakes. The Peruvian Coast Guard often performs anti-drug trafficking operations within the nation's waters. The Coast Guard has approximately 1,000 personnel.

Naval Aviation

The Naval Aviation Force : (Fuerza de Aviación Naval, AVINAV) is the air branch of the Peruvian Navy, its roles include anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, maritime surveillance, reconnaissance and transport of marine personnel. It is also responsible for airborne operations of the Peruvian Marines. Naval Aviation has about 800 personnel.

Naval Infantry

Naval Infantry Brigade
1st Naval Infantry Battalion – Ancón
2nd Naval Infantry Battalion – Ancón
Amphibious Support Group
Fire support Group
Commando Grouping
Engineers Unit

Other units
3rd Naval Infantry Battalion – Tumbes
4th Naval Infantry Battalion – Puno
1st Jungle Naval Infantry Battalion – Iquitos
2nd Jungle Naval Infantry Battalion – Pucallpa
Naval Infantry Detachment Litoral Sur – Mollendo

Bases

Ancón – Naval Infantry headquarters and base
Callao – Main naval base, dockyard and naval aviation base, Naval Medical Center which contains the US Navy unit Naval Medical Research Unit Six
Chimbote – Minor base and dockyard
Iquitos – On the Amazon river
Paita – Minor base
Pisco – Minor base
Puno – On Lake Titicaca
San Juan de Marcona – Naval aviation base

Although most of the fleet is based at Callao, this has not been considered an ideal location since it is also the main outlet for Peruvian trade, causing space and security problems. In the 1980s the building of a new naval base at Chimbote was considered though high costs and a poor economic situation made the project unfeasible.

Personnel

Ranks

Ranks of the officers of the Navy
Ranks of the sub-officers of the Navy
Ranks of the enlisted of the navy

Ships
Ships of the Peruvian Navy are prefixed BAP, which stands for Buque Armada Peruana (Peruvian Navy Ship).

Current ships

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: left;"|Ship
! style="text-align: left;"|Origin
! style="text-align: left;"|Type
! style="text-align: left;"|Class
! style="text-align: left;"|In service
! style="text-align: left;"|Notes
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Submarines (4 in service, 2 in upgrade)
|-
|
|
| diesel-electric submarine
| Type 209/1200
|
| ex-BAP Casma.
|-
|
|
| diesel-electric submarine
| Type 209/1200
|
| Currently being upgraded in SIMA Callao shipyard since January 2020.
|-
|
|
| diesel-electric submarine
| Type 209/1200
|
|
|-
|
|
| diesel-electric submarine
| Type 209/1200
|
| ex-BAP Blume. Currently being upgraded in SIMA Callao shipyard since December 2017.
|-
|
|
| diesel-electric submarine
| Type 209/1100
|
| Upgraded in 2008
|-
|
|
| diesel-electric submarine
| Type 209/1100
|
| Upgraded in 2008
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Guided missile frigates (7 in service)
|-
|
|
| guided missile frigate
|
|
|
|-
|
|
| guided missile frigate
|
|
| Ordered in 1973. Laid down in SIMA Callao shipyard and commissioned in 1984 as BAP Montero until 2017, when became fleet flagship
|-
|
|
| guided missile frigate
|
|
| Ordered in 1973. Laid down in SIMA Callao shipyard and commissioned in 1987.
|
|-
|
|
| guided missile frigate
|
|
| ex-Orsa (F-567), overhauled and upgraded in SIMA Callao shipyard along with BAP Bolognesi. Currently in sea trials.
|-
|
|
| guided missile frigate
|
|
| ex-Lupo (F-564)
|-
|
|
| guided missile frigate
|
|
| ex-Perseo (F-566), overhauled and upgraded in SIMA Callao shipyard with locally-made CMS and ESM systems, a Kronos NV 3D radar, MASS countermeasures system and 4 MM40 Block III Exocet missiles replacing Otomat.
|-
|
|
| guided missile frigate
|
|
| ex-Sagittario (F-565)
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Guided missile corvettes (8 in service)
|-
| BAP Velarde (CM-21)
|
| fast attack craft
|
|
|
|-
| BAP Santillana (CM-22)
|
| fast attack craft
|
|
|
|-
| BAP De los Heros (CM-23)
|
| fast attack craft
|
|
|
|-
| BAP Herrera (CM-24)
|
| fast attack craft
|
|
|
|-
| BAP Larrea (CM-25)
|
| fast attack craft
|
|
|
|-
| BAP Sánchez Carrión (CM-26)
|
| fast attack craft
|
|
|
|-
|  BAP Ferre (CM-27)
|
| fast attack craft
|
|
| ex-Gyeonjyu (PCC-758). Built in 1985. Transferred from Republic of Korea Navy in July 2016.
|-
|  BAP Guise (CM-28)
|
| fast attack craft
|
|
| ex-Suncheon (PCC-767). Built in 1987. Transferred from Republic of Korea Navy in July 2021. Commissioned in 2022.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Offshore Patrols vessels (7 in service)
|-
| BAP Guardiamarina San Martin (PO-201)
|
| Frigate
|
|
| ex-. Operated by the Peruvian Coast Guard
|
|-
| BAP Rio Pativilca (PM-204)
|
| Offshore Patrol Vessel
| Rio Pativilca" |PGCP-50 offshore patrol vessel
|
| Ordered in 2013. Derived design of Taegeuk-class patrol vessel from Republic of Korea Navy. Laid down in SIMA Chimbote shipyard and commissioned on March 18, 2016. Operated by the Peruvian Coast Guard
|
|-
| BAP Rio Cañete (PM-205)
|
| Offshore Patrol Vessel
| Rio Pativilca" |PGCP-50 offshore patrol vessel
|
| Ordered in 2013. Derived design of Taegeuk-class patrol vessel from Republic of Korea Navy. Laid down in SIMA Chimbote shipyard and commissioned on March 18, 2016. Operated by the Peruvian Coast Guard
|
|-
| BAP Rio Piura (PM-206)
|
| Offshore Patrol Vessel
| Rio Pativilca" |PGCP-50 offshore patrol vessel
|
| Laid down in SIMA Chimbote shipyard and commissioned on May 3rd, 2017. Operated by the Peruvian Coast Guard
|
|-
| BAP Rio Quilca (PM-207)
|
| Offshore Patrol Vessel
| Rio Pativilca" |PGCP-50 offshore patrol vessel
|
| Laid down in SIMA Chimbote shipyard and commissioned on May 3, 2017. Operated by the Peruvian Coast Guard
|
|-
| BAP Rio Tumbes (PM-208)
|
| Offshore Patrol Vessel
| Rio Pativilca" |PGCP-50 offshore patrol vessel
|
| Laid down in SIMA Chimbote shipyard and commissioned on March 17, 2021. Operated by the Peruvian Coast Guard
|
|-
| BAP Rio Locumba (PM-209)
|
| Offshore Patrol Vessel
| Rio Pativilca" |PGCP-50 offshore patrol vessel
|
| Laid down in SIMA Chimbote shipyard and commissioned on March 17, 2021. Operated by the Peruvian Coast Guard
|
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Amphibious (10 in service, 1 in construction)
|-
|
|
| Landing Platform, Dock
|
|
| Ordered on July 13, 2013; laid down in SIMA Callao shipyard, launched on April 25, 2017; commissioned on June 21, 2018.
|-
|
|
| Landing Platform, Dock
|
|
| Ordered on March 15, 2018; laid down in SIMA Callao shipyard.
|-
|
|
| Landing Ship, Tank
| Terrebonne Parish class
|
| ex-. Sunk as target 30 September 2021
|-
|
|
| Landing Ship, Tank
| Terrebonne Parish class
|
| ex-
|-
|Seven in service
|
| Landing Craft Air Cushion
| Griffon Hoverwork 2000TD
|
|
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |River gunboats vessels (6 in service)
|-
| BAP Loreto (CF-11)
|
| River gunboat
| Loreto class
|
|
|-
| BAP Amazonas (CF-12)
|
| River gunboat
| Loreto class
|
|
|-
| BAP Marañón (CF-13)
|
| River gunboat
| Marañón class
|
|
|-
| BAP Ucayali (CF-14)
|
| River gunboat
| Marañón class
|
|
|-
| BAP Clavero (CF-15)
|
| River gunboat
| Clavero class
|
| Laid down in the SIMA Iquitos shipyard. Damaged by an uncontrolled fire in her first operational deployment on May 25, 2010; leaving two crewmen badly injured. Returned to service on July 27, 2012, during the BRACOLPER 2012 exercise.
|-
| BAP Castilla (CF-16)
|
| River gunboat
| Clavero class
|
| Laid down on April 9, 2010, in the SIMA Iquitos shipyard, launched on June 8, 2013, and commissioned on March 14, 2016, second and final ship of its class, has some improvements over its sister ship, mainly in armament
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Training ships (2 in service)
|-
|
|
| Sail training ship
| –
|
| laid down on December 8, 2012, in the SIMA Callao shipyard, commissioned January 27, 2016, with an estimated cost of US$50 million.
|-
| BAP Marte (ALY-313)
|
| Sailing yacht
| –
|
| assigned to the Peruvian Naval School as a training ship
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Tugs and support ships (5 in service)
|-
| BAP Unanue (AMB-160)
|
| Diving support ship
| Sotoyomo class
|
| ex-
|-
| BAP San Lorenzo (ART-323)
|
| Torpedo recovery vessel
| –
|
|
|-
|
|
| Diving support offshore tugboat
| Morales class
|
| Ordered in 2014, 50 TBP class locally designed tugboat, equipped to support diving, firefighting and rescue operations. Delivered in November 2016
|-
| BAP Selendón (ARB-129)
|
| Harbour tugboat
| 20 TBP class tug
|
| Built in SIMA Callao shipyard, ordered in 2011. Delivered in the first quarter of 2012.
|-
| BAP Medina (ARB-130)
|
| Harbour tugboat
| 20 TBP class tug
|
| Built in SIMA Callao shipyard, ordered in 2011. Delivered in late 2012.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Tankers and barges (4 in service)
|-
| BAP Caloyeras (ACA-111)
|
| Water barge
| YW-83 class
|
| ex-US YW-128
|-
| BAP Noguera (ACP-118)
|
| Fuel barge
| YO type
|
| ex-US YO-221
|-
| BAP Gauden (ACP-119)
|
| Fuel barge
| YO type
|
| ex-US YO-171
|-
|
|
| Replenishment Ship
| Amsterdam class
|
| ex-Built in 1995, acquired in July 2014 from the Royal Netherlands Navy, commissioned on December 4, 2014, at the Den Helder naval base, Netherlands.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Hospital vessels (10 in service, 1 in construction)
|-
| BAP Rio Yavarí
|
| River hospital ship
| Yavarí PIAS class
|
| Built by Sima Iquitos shipyard, commissioned in 2021.
|
|-
| BAP Rio Putumayo II
|
| River hospital ship
| Napo PIAS class
|
|Built in Sima Iquitos shipyard, commissioned in 2016.
|
|-
| BAP Rio Putumayo I
|
| River hospital ship
| Napo PIAS class
|
|Built in Sima Iquitos shipyard, commissioned in 2015.
|-
| BAP Morona
|
| River hospital ship
| Napo PIAS class
|
| Built in Sima Iquitos shipyard, commissioned in 2015.
|-
| BAP Rio Napo
|
| River hospital ship
| Napo PIAS class
|
| Built in Sima Iquitos shipyard, commissioned in 2013.
|-
| BAP Rio Yahuas (ABH-302)
|
| River hospital ship
| Morona class
|
| Ex BAP Morona (ABH-302)
|
|-
| BAP Corrientes (ABH-303)
|
| Small river hospital craft
| –
|
|
|-
| BAP Curaray (ABH-304)
|
| Small river hospital craft
| –
|
|
|-
| BAP Pastaza (ABH-305)
|
| Small river hospital craft
| –
|
|
|-
| BAP Lago Titicaca I
|
| Lake hospital ship
| Lago Titicaca PIAS class
|
| Built by SIMA Peru, commissioned in 2017.
|
|-
|
|
| Lake hospital ship
| Yaravi class
|
| ex-Yapuraoperated by the Peruvian Coast Guard
|
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |Scientific research vessels (6 in service)
|-
|
|
| Oceanographic research ship
| NC-704 class
|
| 95-m long steel-hulled vessel designed to operate in the Antarctic region as well as in Peruvian waters. Construction contract signed in December 2014 with Freire Shipyard. Keel-laying scheduled for June 22, 2015, to be delivered July 2016. Commissioned in May 2017.
|-
| BAP Stiglich (AH-172)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
| Morona class
|
|
|-
| BAP Zimic (COMBSH-173)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
|
|
|  ex-HNLMS Abcoude minesweeper. ex-BAP Carrasco, repowered in 2006 with 2 Volvo Penta engines at SIMA Callao, in 2015 received a high power multibeam echosounder.
|-
| BAP La Macha (AEH-174)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
| –
|
|
|-
| BAP Carrillo (AH-175)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
|
|
| ex-HNLMS van Hamel minesweeper
|-
| BAP Melo (AH-176)
|
| Hydrographic survey ship
|
|
| ex-HNLMS van der Wel minesweeper. Repowered in 2006 with 2 Volvo Penta engines at SIMA Callao.
|}

Museum Ships

Recently Decommissioned Ships

Equipment

Peacekeeping operations
The Peruvian Navy has been actively involved in several United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. As of June 2006 Naval Infantry and Special Operations troops have been deployed to United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) (embedded in the Argentine forces ) and United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). Peruvian naval officers have also been deployed to United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI), United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) as United Nations Militar Observers (UNMOs). By 2012 the Peruvian Navy sent its first officer to serve in United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei.

Gallery

See also
 Battle of Angamos
 Battle of Iquique
 Battle of Pacocha
 Ironclad Huáscar
 Miguel Grau
 SIFOREX
 War of the Pacific
 List of Peruvian steam frigates

Notes

Sources
Baker III, Arthur D., The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 2002–2003. Naval Institute Press, 2002.
Basadre, Jorge, Historia de la República del Perú. Editorial Universitaria, 1983.
"La base de Chimbote", Caretas, 855: 31 (June 17, 1985).

Ortiz Sotelo, Jorge, Apuntes para la historia de los submarinos peruanos. Biblioteca Nacional, 2001.

Rial, Juan, Los militares tras el fin del régimen de Fujimori-Montesinos.
"Los Programas de Renovacion y Modernizacion de la Marina de Guerra del Peru", Alejo Marchessini – Revista Fuerzas de Defensa y Seguridad (FDS) N° 430. Paginas 32 a 35.
"Entrevista al Almirante Carlos Tejada Mera, Comandante General de la MArina de Guerra del Peru", Alejo Marchessini – Revista Fuerzas de Defensa y Seguridad (FDS) N° 430. Paginas 36 a 43.

External links
 Official Peruvian Navy Website
  Maquina de Combate – Photo gallery.
 Servicio Industrial de la Marina  – Peruvian Navy Shipyards. In English and Spanish.
 The Peruvian Navy: The XIX Century Maritime Campaigns – a series of articles covering the history of the 19th century Peruvian Navy by Juan del Campo.

1821 establishments in Peru

Peruvian Navy


"Emina" je sevdalinka nastala na tekst mostarskog pjesnika Alekse Šantića, koji ju je napisao pod dojmom ljepote Mostarke Emine Sefić.
Iako je pjesma prvi put objavljena 1902. u časopisu Kolo, kasnije je postala popularna sevdalinka koju su izvodili mnogi umjetnici iz bivših jugoslavenskih republika.

Emina Sefić
Emina Koluder (rođ. Sefić) rođena je 1884. u Mostaru. Njen otac bio je istaknuti imam u Mostaru, a obitelj je živjela u blizini Starog mosta i bili su susjedi slavnog pjesnika Alekse Šantića.

Emina se udala za Avdagu Koludera, odselila iz rodnog grada i imala je 14-ero djece. Umrla je 1967. u 83. godini. Njena praunuka, Alma Ferović, je sopranistica i nastupala je s Eltonom Johnom i A. R. Rahmanom.

27. svibnja 2010. brončani kip Emine otkriven je u Mostaru na Šantićev 142. rođendan. Kip je izvajao Zlatko Dizdarević tijekom perioda od tri mjeseca i nije bio zasnovan na njenim fotografijama, nego je to bila umjetnička vizija bosanske ljepote. Oblikovana je s odjećom koje su žene nosile u Bosni i Hercegovini na prelazu u 20. stoljeće.

"Emina" danas
Po predaji, posljednju strofu, koja je dodana izvornom Šantićevom tekstu, izrekla je Sevda Katica, usmeni kazivač narodnih pjesama, kada je čula za smrt Emine. Kada je Sevda sve ispričala Himzi Polovini on je uvidio ljepotu stihova te ih je odlučio zadržati. Pjesmu su mnogi izvodili s dodatkom Sevdinih stihova, dok su je Himzo Polovina i Ibrica Jusić kao takvu snimili na nosače zvuka.

Izvori

Bosanskohercegovačka glazba
Sevdalinka

Emina (sevdalinka)


تعداد الولايات المتحدة 2000 كان التعداد الثاني والعشرون للسكان يجرى في الولايات المتحدة. تم إجراء التعداد بتاريخ 1 أبريل عام 2000. تم تقدير العدد الكلي للسكان بحوالي 281,421,906 بزيادة 13.2% عن التعداد السابق عام 1990.

ترتيب الولايات
رجب نصر زكي محمد

ترتيب المدن
أكبر مئة مدينة

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 بيانات تاريخية لتعداد سكان الولايات المتحدة

الولايات المتحدة في 2000
تعداد سكان الولايات المتحدة
تعداد السكان في 2000

تعداد الولايات المتحدة 2000


Elasmaria é um clado de dinossauros ornitópodes conhecidos de depósitos do Cretáceo na América do Sul, Antártica e Austrália. Este grupo compreende diversos ornitópodes bípedes que anteriormente eram considerados "hypsilophodontes".

Classificação
Calvo et ai. (2007) cunhou Elasmaria para acomodar Macrogryphosaurus e Talenkauen, que eles recuperaram como iguanodontes basais distintos de outros iguanodontianos por terem placas mineralizadas nas costelas. Em 2016, um artigo descrevendo o gênero Morrosaurus descobriu que o Elasmaria era muito maior do que seu conteúdo inicial de dois táxons, ao invés de conter uma variedade de ornitópodes do Hemisfério Sul. Em 2019, Matthew C. Herne e colegas redefiniram Elasmaria como "todos os táxons mais próximos de Macrogryphosaurus gondwanicus e Talenkauen santacrucensis do que de Hypsilophodon foxii ou Iguanodon bernissartensis", expandindo a definição para incluir o grande número de táxons agora encontrados como parte do clado.

O cladograma abaixo resulta da análise de Herne et al., 2019.

Dinossauros do Cretáceo
Ornithopoda

Elasmaria


En octobre 2016, le groupe de hackers ukrainien CyberHunta divulgue plus d'un gigaoctet d'e-mails et d'autres documents présumés d'appartenir à l'agent politique russe et haut responsable du Kremlin, Vladislav Sourkov. Connu comme le  de la Russie, Sourkov fut conseiller politique du président Vladimir Poutine dans la guerre russo-ukrainienne et est l'architecte de l'idéologie russe de la démocratie souveraine.

Contenu de la fuite
La fuite de documents comprend plus de 2 300 e-mails de la boîte de réception de Sourkov. Ceux-ci illustrent les plans russes visant à bouleverser politiquement l'Ukraine et la coordination des affaires avec les principaux dirigeants de l'opposition dans l'est de l'Ukraine séparatiste. Le communiqué comprend un document envoyé à Sourkov par Denis Pouchiline, ancien président du Conseil populaire de la république populaire de Donetsk, énumérant les victimes survenues en 2014. Il comprend également un aperçu de 22 pages d'un .

Selon le Kremlin, les documents divulgués s'avèrent inexacts et totalement faux.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Guerre du Donbass
 Invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022
 Cyberguerre russo-ukrainienne

Liens externes
 Surkov Leaks at Inform Napalm

Vladimir Poutine
Guerre russo-ukrainienne
Cyberattaque
2016 en Ukraine
2016 en Russie
Guerre du Donbass

Fuites de Sourkov


Pio Konta (griego: Πιο κοντά; ) es el segundo álbum lanzado por el cantante griego Kostas Martakis, lanzado en Grecia y Chipre el 12 de noviembre de 2009 por Universal Music Grecia. El álbum tiene once canciones en total, incluyendo dos canciones en inglés. Cinco canciones fueron grabadas y producidas en los estudios de Lionheart en Estocolmo, Suecia el álbum fue certificado Oro después de cuatro días del lanzamiento, y fue más tarde certificado Platino.

Producción
Kostas Martakis colaboró con el dúo sueco Holter/Erixson en cinco canciones para el álbum, que fueron grabadas y producidas en los estudios de Lionheart en Estocolmo, Suecia. Además de la pista del título y el sencillo "Pio Konta", Holter/Erixson también escribirón la versión en inglés de la canción titulada "Dance on Me (Dam-Dam)" que se incluye como bonus track, además de componer otras tres canciones dance en el álbum. "Diskola S'agapo Na" es producida por Holter/Erixson y Bobby Ljunggren, con la composición musical de Vasilis Vlahakis.

Kostas Martakis también colaboró con el dúo sinfónico en el dúo en inglés con la cantante búlgara Desi Slava titulado "Agapi Mou (Loving U)". Algunos compositores adicionales incluyen a Hristodoulos Siganos y Valentino con "Glyko Koritsi" y Papadopoulos Giorgos con "Giati", mientras que también han contribuido autores como, el griego Kostas Tournas con "Proti Mou Fora" y Petrakos Grigoris con "Kathe Proi".

Lanzamiento

El lanzamiento dePio Konta fue el segundo álbum de estudio de Kostas Martakis. Lanzado el 12 de noviembre de 2009 en Grecia y Chipre, y es el primer álbum bajo el sello de Universal Music Grecia.

A partir de 2009, la campaña de promoción de Universal Music Grecia para presentar el nuevo álbum fue venderlos a través de los canales de distribución convencionales. Como resultado, el álbum fue lanzado en el presentación digipak con un precio de € 9,90, se destacó por ser la mitad del precio promedio de un álbum en el mercado griego. El lanzamiento físico se pueden adquirir en los quioscos puesto de periódicos, así como en puntos de venta tradicionales. Además de que en su primera semana de lanzamiento, se incluyó como un CD extra en la compra de la revista Tiletheatis. El álbum fue una vez más distribuido a través de los medios impresos al año siguiente en mayo de 2010, esta vez se incluye con el periódico Espresso News.

Recepción de la crítica

Un sitio web de música popular chipriota, music.net.cy proclamó que Kostas Martakis elevó el nivel de la música pop griega, como las once canciones que tienen un sonido único bajo las actuales normas de la música griega de préstamo al hecho de que algunas de las canciones fueron producidas en Suecia. Llegaron a la conclusión de que Martakis está listo para conquistar la escena de la música popular griega, mientras que llamaron al álbum uno de los mejores álbumes griegos del pop de los últimos años.

Promoción

En preparación para el lanzamiento del álbum, Martakis apareció en una serie de programas de televisión como "Mes Tin Kali Hara" (con Natalia Germanou) y "Kafes me tin Eleni" (con Eleni Menegaki) en Alpha Channel, así como fue entrevistado por Tatiana Stefanidou en "Na Axizi Para Deis" de ANT1, donde también canto algunas canciones del álbum. Martakis también apareció en Dromos FM el 12 de noviembre de 2009, en la estación canto sus nuevas canciones en el transcurso de la entrevista.

Para la temporada de invierno 2009-2010, Martakis aparecía semanalmente en el club Theatro junto a Nikos Kourkoulis y Iliadi Aggeliki en apoyo de Pio Konta.

Lista de canciones

Sencillos
 "Pio Konta"
Es el primer sencillo y la canción que le da título al álbum "Pio Konta" que fue lanzado como descarga digital el 30 de julio de 2009. El sencillo de música electrónica se convirtió en un éxito en la radio, superando varias charts de estaciones de radio. El sencillo también marca la primera colaboración de Martakis con el dúo de productores suecos Holter/Erixson. El video musical fue lanzado poco después el 5 de agosto de 2009, se estrenó en el canal oficial de Universal Music Grecia en Youtube. Dirigido por Dimitris Silvestrou, el video muestra a Martakis frente a una pantalla de vídeo gigante, junto con varios bailarines, cantando a una mujer parada frente a él. Una versión en inglés de la canción titulada "Dance On Me (Dam-Dam)" también se incluye en el álbum.

 "Gliko Koritsi"
El segundo sencillo, "Gliko Koritsi", fue lanzado como descarga digital el 5 de noviembre de 2009. Martakis había también presentado este sencillo en su aparición en "Tin Mes Kali Hara" en octubre. El sencillo no obtuvo Airplay sustanciales y en general Martakis no lo presentó durante las promociones para el álbum. El estilo de la canción es folk también es sustancialmente diferente de las otras canciones en el álbum.

 "Pote"
El tercer sencillo y el segundo vídeo musical, "Pote".

 "Agapi Mou (Loving You)"
El cuarto sencillo, "Agapi Mou" cuenta con un video musical junto a Desi Slava en Bulgaria. La canción fue lanzada también por Desi Slava en su país natal, Bulgaria, donde ganó popularidad.

 "Kano Oti Thes"
El quinto y último sencillo, "Kano Oti Thes" cuenta con un video musical dirigido por Konstantinos Rigos lanzado el 3 de junio de 2010.

Equipo de producción
 Artemis Papagerakis – Fotógrafa
 Dimitris Giannetos – Presentación
 Fox design – Arte
 Mihalis Papathanasiou – Productor ejecutivo, Artists and Repertoire
 Nikos Eftaxias – Vestuario

Referencias

Álbumes de 2009

Pio Konta


Tromsø folkebibliotek er bibliotek for indbyggere og besøgende i Tromsø kommune. Hovedbygningen blev flyttet fra sine gamle lokaler i Storgatbakken til Fokuskvartalet og åbnede den 3. august 2005. Den huser samlinger fordelt over fire etager.

Biblioteket har i tillæg to byfilialer i bydelene Kroken og Tromsdalen, samt distriktsfilialer i Brensholmen, Sjursnes og Lakselvbukt.

Hovedbygningen

Bygningen er opført under det oprindelige taget af gamle Fokus Kino, som blev tegnet af arkitekt Gunnar Bøgeberg Haugen og åbnede 16. mars 1973. Den specielle tagkonstruktionen tegnede han med udgangspunkt i den spanske arkitekt Félix Candelas konstruktion, som ofte går under betegnelsen Candelaskall. Den er udformet som fire store buer som danner en hyperbolsk paraboloid form.

På grund af formen er taget meget stærkt, og det kunne således bære sig selv og blive stående, da det blev bestemt, at der skulle bygges en ny bygning nedenunder.

Arkitektfirmaet HRTB AS stod for tegningen af bygningen, mens Skanska AS stod som bygherre. Det kostet 121,8 millioner NOK at bygge det 3.710 m² store byggeri. Parketgulvet er produceret af birk fra Troms.

Udsmykning

 Karl-Gustav Gjertsen fra Narvik vandt konkurrencen om udsmykning af biblioteket. Hans værk, Rangifer Tarandus Pegasus er udført i svejset og grålakeret stål. I tillæg til hovedfiguren, består udsmykningen af fire mindre figurer: Bok-finken, Lesehesten, Bok-ormen og Bok-nafisken.

 Ulf Dreyer: Billede af Tromsø anno 1957/58, restaureret af kunstneren i 2005. Billedet var oprindelig malet direkte på betonvæggen i det gamle rådhus. Da det gamle rådhuset blev revet ned, blev betonvæggen taget ud, gemt og sat ind i Fokuskvartalet, plan 0 mellem biografen og biblioteket.

 Gunn Harbitz: Cora Sandels mindemærke – Alberte, statue i tre. Mindesmærket stod tidligere på Stortorget, udenfor kulturhuset. Blev sat på lager fordi vand trak ind i træværket. Det er siden blevet restaureret og placeret i passage mellem biblioteket og rådhuset.

 Tor-Arne Moen har givet fem plader med træsnit og fem farvetryk, På gjengrodde stier med Knut Hamsun som motiv, i gave til Tromsø kommune. Plader og tryk hænger i biblioteket.

 Hans Ragnar Mathisen har lavet et portræt af Lars Berg, træsnit. Dette hænger i Lokalhistorisk center i biblioteket.

Aktiviteter

Strikkefestival i Tromsø
Hovedbiblioteket har arrangeret "Strikkefestival i Tromsø" i flere år. Festivalene indeholder både faglige foredrag og workshops om strikning. I 2011 blev den første strikkefestival arrangeret i forbindelse med Husflidsdagen sammen med lokale husflidslaug Festivalene i 2012 og 2013 foregik over to dage i oktober og var et samarbejd med Norges Husflidslag, Husfliden og Troms fylkeskommune.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Bibliotek og byarkiv
Biblioteker i Norge
Bibliotek og byarkiv

Tromsø bibliotek og byarkiv


Burgaz ili (Bulgarca: Oblast Burgas), güneydoğu Bulgaristan'da, Karadeniz kıyısında bulunan bir ildir. Merkezi Burgaz şehridir. Burgaz ili, yüzölçümü olarak Sofya ilinden sonra ikinci, nüfus olarak 4. büyük ildir.

İlçeleri ve bağlı şehirler

Burgaz ili aşağıdaki belde ve kasabalardan (obshtina) oluşur:

Aytos ilçesi (Aydos)
Aytos,
Dryankovets,
Zetyovo,
Karageorgievo,
Karanovo,
Lyaskovo,
Malka Polyana,
Maglen,
Peshtersko,
Pirne,
Polyanovo,
Raklinovo,
Sadievo,
Topolitsa,
Cherna Mogila,
Chernograd,
Chukarka.

Burgaz ilçesi
Banevo,
Bratovo,
Bryastovets,
Burgaz,
Balgarovo,
Dimchevo,
Draganovo,
Vetren,
Izvorishte,
Marinka,
Mirolyubovo,
Ravnets,
Rudnik,
Tvarditsa,
Cherno More.

Sredets ilçesi
Belevren,
Belila,
Bistrets,
Bogdanovo,
Varovnik,
Golyamo Bukovo,
Gorno Yabalkovo,
Granitets,
Granichar,
Sredets,
Debelt,
Dolno Yabalkovo,
Draka,
Drachevo,
Dyulevo,
Momina Tsarkva,
Zagortsi,
Zornitsa,
Kirovo,
Kubadin,
Malina,
Orlintsi,
Prohod,
Panchevo,
Radoynovo,
Rosenovo,
Svetlina,
Sinyo Kamene,
Slivovo,
Suhodol,
Valchanovo,
Fakiya.

Kameno ilçesi (Kayalı)
Vinarsko,
Vratitsa,
Zhelyazovo,
Kameno,
Krastina,
Livada,
Konstantinovo,
Polski Izvor,
Rusokastro,
Svoboda,
Troyanovo,
Trastikovo,
Cherni Vrah.

Karnobat ilçesi (Karnabat)
Asparuhovo,
Detelina,
Venets,
Glumche,
Devetak,
Devetintsi,
Dobrinovo,
Dragantsi,
Dragovo,
Ekzarh Antimovo,
Zheleznik,
Zhitosvyat,
Zimen,
Iskra,
Karnobat,
Klikach,
Kozare,
Krumovo Gradishte,
Krushovo,
Madrino,
Nevestino,
Ognen,
Raklitsa,
San-Stefano,
Sigmen,
Sokolovo,
Sarnevo,
Smolnik,
Hadzhiite,
Tserkovski,
Cherkovo.

Malko Tırnovo ilçesi (Tırnovacık)
Bliznak,
Brashlyan,
Byala Voda,
Vizitsa,
Gramatikovo,
Evrenozovo,
Zabernovo,
Zvezdets,
Kalovo,
Tırnovacık,
Mladezhko,
Slivarovo,
Stoilovo.

Tsarevo ilçesi (Vasiliko)
Ahtopol,
Brodilovo,
Balgari,
Varvara,
Velika,
Izgrev,
Kondolovo,
Kosti,
Lozenets,
Tsarevo,
Rezve,
Sinemorets,
Fazanovo.

Nesebır ilçesi (Misivri)
Banya,
Sveti Vlas,
Gyulyovtsa,
Emona,
Koznitsa,
Kosharitsa,
Nesebır,
Obzor,
Orizare,
Panitsovo,
Priseltsi,
Ravda,
Rakovskovo,
Slanchev Bryag,
Tankovo.

Pomorie ilçesi
Aheloy,
Aleksandrovo,
Bata,
Gaberovo,
Goritsa,
Galabets,
Dabnik,
Belodol,
Kableshkovo,
Kamenar,
Kozichino,
Kosovets,
Laka,
Medovo,
Pomorie,
Poroy,
Stratsin.

Ruen ilçesi (Oğlanlı)
Alma Dere,
Bayram Alanı,
Boğaz Dere,
Buruncuk,
Büyük Hedyatlar,
Çavdarlık,
Çelebiköy,
Çepelce,
Çereşa,
Çiftlik Mahalle,
Dıskotna,
Dereköy,
Dikenlik,
Doğan Kaya,
Dyulya,
Gerdeme,
Göcenler,
Hacı Mahalle,
Harami Dere,
Helvacı,
İçme,
Karaveliler,
Kayrak Mahalle,
Kiremitlik,
Küçük Hedyatlar,
Listets,
Nadır,
Nadırlar,
Orta Mahalle,
Resuller,
Ruen,
Rupça,
Sapaca,
Sarı Kaya,
Таşlık,
Topçuköy,
Toyköy,
Vişna,
Vresovo,
Yusuf Çobanlar,
Zvezda.

Süzebolu ilçesi
Varshilo,
Gabar,
Zidarovo,
Izvor,
Indzhe Voyvoda,
Krushevets,
Prisad,
Ravadinovo,
Ravna Gora,
Atiya,
Rosen,
Süzebolu,
Chernomorets.

Sungurlare ilçesi
Balabanchevo,
Beronovo,
Bosilkovo,
Vedrovo,
Vezenkovo,
Valchin,
Gorovo,
Grozden,
Esen,
Zavet,
Kamensko,
Kamchiya,
Klimash,
Kosten,
Lozarevo,
Lozitsa,
Manolich,
Podvis,
Prilep,
Pchelin,
Sadovo,
Skala,
Slavyantsi,
Sungurlare,
Saedinenie,
Terziysko,
Velislav,
Chernitsa,
Chubra,
Dabovitsa.

Primorsko ilçesi
Veselie,
Kiten,
Novo Panicharevo,
Pismenovo,
Primorsko,
Yasna Polyana.

Siyaset
2005 Bulgaristan genel seçimlerinde Hak ve Özgürlükler Hareketi, Burgaz ilinden 3 milletvekili çıkarmıştır. Bu milletvekilleri Nesrin Uzun, Cevdet Çakırov ve Fatma İlyas'tır.

Kaynakça

Burgaz (il)


Bradyporinae es una subfamilia de insectos ortópteros de la familia Tettigoniidae. Es originario de Europa, Norte de África y Asia.

Géneros

Según Orthoptera Species File se compone de los siguientes géneros:
De estos, en la península ibérica actualmente hay registrados 16 géneros (marcados con asterisco* en el listado) con más de 60 especies, algunos de ellos exclusivos de este territorio. En contra de muchas identificaciones erróneas publicadas en la red, la especie Ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784) NO se encuentra en la península ibérica.

 Bradyporini Burmeister 1838
 Bradyporus Charpentier, 1825
 Pycnogaster Graells, 1851*
 Ephippigerini Brunner von Wattenwyl 1878
 Albarracinia Barat, 2012*
 Baetica Bolívar, 1903*
 Baratia Llucià-Pomares, 2021*
 Callicrania Bolívar, 1898*
 Coracinotus Barat, 2012*
 Corsteropleurus Barat, 2012
 Ephippiger Berthold, 1827
 Ephippigerida Bolívar, 1903*
 Lluciapomaresius Barat, 2012*
 Lucasinova Barat, 2012
 Neocallicrania Pfau, 1996*
 Parasteropleurus Barat, 2012*
 Platystolus Bolívar, 1878*
 Praephippigera Bolívar, 1903
 Sabaterpia Barat, 2012
 Steropleurus Bolívar, 1878*
 Synephippius Navás, 1905*
 Uromenus Bolívar, 1878
 Zichyini Bolívar, 1901
 Damalacantha Bei-Bienko, 1951
 Deracantha Fischer von Waldheim, 1833
 Deracanthella Bolívar, 1901
 Deracanthina Bei-Bienko, 1951
 Zichya Bolívar, 1901
 tribu indeterminada
 Callimenus Fischer von Waldheim, 1830

Referencias

 Burmeister, 1838 : Handbuch der Entomologie. vol. 2, part. 2, n. 1 (texte original).

  2011: Taxonomic review of the subfamily Bradyporinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Bradyporini; Ephippigerini) of Turkey, with description of new species and the relationship of the taxa. Zootaxa, 2899: 1–42. Preview

Enlaces externos

 http://tolweb.org/Bradyporinae
  Bradyporinae en Biolib
 Eades et al. Orthoptera Species File Online. Version 2.0/4.0. [18 Sep 2010]. <http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org>

Tettigoniidae

Bradyporinae


شركة إن إي سي  باللغة اليابانية (日本電気株式会社, Nippon Denki Kabushiki Gaisha) هي شركة تكنولوجيا معلومات يابانية متعددة الجنسيات مكاتبها الرئيسية يقع في ميناتو، طوكيو، اليابان. شركة إن إي سي هي جزء من مجموعة سوميتومو التي تزود حلول شبكات وتكنولوجيا المعلومات إلى قطاع الشركات، مزودي خدمات الاتصالات، والقطاع الحكومي. كانت الشركة تعرف باسم Nippon Electric Company وتعني بالعربية شركة كهرباء اليابان، قبل أن يتحول الاسم في عام 1983 إلى الاسم الحالي Nippon Denki Kabushiki Gaisha والذي يعني باللغة العربية شركة كهرباء اليابان المساهمة. تعتبر شركة إن إي سي واحدة من 20 شركة كبرى في صناعة أشباه الموصلات في العالم.

تاريخ الشركة

التأسيس

تأسست شركة كهرباء اليابان في 31 أغسطس لعام 1898 من قبل كونيهيكو إواداري وتاكاشيرو مائيدا باستخدام معدات قاموا بشرائها من شركة ميوشي لصناعة الكهربائيات.

الإنتاج الأولي

بدأت الشركة بتصنيع، بيع وصيانة الهواتف والقواطع الكهربائية. قامت الشركة بتحسين منشآتها عندما أنشأت مصنع ميتا في عام 1901. قامت وزارة الاتصالات بتبني تقنية جديدة وهي لوحة قواطع كهربائية في عام 1903.

الاتحاد مع سوميتومو

في عام 1919 بدأت شركة كهرباء اليابان أول اتحاد لها مع سوميتومو. وكان دور الشركة حينها هو تصنيع معدات الكوابل لشركة سوميتومو.

زلزال كانتو الكبير

ضرب زلزال كبير اليابان يدعى زلزال كانتو الكبير في عام 1923. حيث قتل حوالي 140.000 شخص، وشرد ما يقارب 3.4 مليون آخرين. دمر أربع من مصانع شركة كهرباء اليابان وقتل 105 من مهندسيها وعمالها. تعطلت صناعة الاتصالات والهاتف بسبب الدمار الحاصل. وبعد الزلزال قامت وزارة الاتصال بتنصيب نظام اتصال اتوماتيكي كان لشركة إن إي سي النصيب الكبير في تزويد نظام التحويل الأوتوماتيكي له.

تطور الشركة

بث إذاعي

بدأت شركة كهرباء اليابان أعمال الراديو في عام 1924، حيث استورد تجهيزات البث من شركة ويسترن إلكتريك. ومع توسع محطات البث الإذاعي في اليابان عملت الشركة على تطوير أجهزة راديو لتغطية طلب السوق.

أبحاث الميكروويف

في عام 1939 أسست شركة كهرباء اليابان مخبر للأبحاث في مصنع تاماغاوا. وأصبحت أول شركة يابانية تنجح في اختبارات الاتصالات عبر أمواج الميكروويف.

الحرب العالمية الثانية

تم وضع مصنعين للشركة في عام 1938 تحت السيطرة العسكرية. ودمر القصف الجوي الكثير من مصنع تاماغاوا منقصاً من إنتاجه. ومع نهاية الحرب كان الإنتاج قد تراجع كثيراً بسبب تدمر المنشآت الفادح، وبعد الحرب بدأت الشركة باستعادة قوتها تدريجياً وأعادت افتتاح أكبر معاملها في عام 1946.

العصر الجديد

بعد التوسع الكبير للشركة محلياً وعالمياً احتفلت الشركة بذكرى تأسيسها المئوية عام 1999. وفي عام 2007، أسست شركتي إن إي سي ونيسان شركة مشتركة لإنتاج بطاريات لاستخدامها في السيارات الهجينة.

أقسام الشركة

تقسم شركة إن إي سي إلى ثلاث أقسام رئيسية: تكنولوجيا المعلومات، حلول شبكات الاتصال، والأجهزة الإلكترونية. ويقوم قسم أعمال تكنولوجيا المعلومات حلولاً للشركات، القطاع الحكومي، والمستهلكين الأفراد على شكل برامج حاسوبية، عتاد الحاسوب، وخدمات أخرى. ويقوم قسم حلول شبكات الاتصال يقوم بتصميم وتزويد أنظمة الشبكات العريضة النطاق، أنظمة شبكات الاتصالات وأجهزة الهاتف النقال، أجهزة الهاتف النقال وأنظمة أخرى. ويقوم قسم الأجهزة الإلكترونية بأعمال أنصاف النواقل، شاشات العرض، والقطع الإلكترونية الأخرى. كما تنتج شركة إن إي سي العديد من أنواع أجهزة الحاسب للسوق اليابانية.

انظر أيضًا

 هادسن سوفت

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

علامات تجارية لإلكترونيات استهلاكية
تكتل شركات يابانية
شركات اتصالات يابانية
مصنعو هواتف محمولة
شركات أدرجت سابقا في بورصة ناسداك
شركات أمن الحاسوب
شركات إلكترونيات أسست في 1899
شركات إلكترونيات في اليابان
شركات أسست في 1898
شركات دفاع في اليابان
شركات كانت مدرجة في سوق لندن للأوراق المالية
شركات متعددة الجنسيات مقرها في اليابان
شركات مدرجة في بورصة أوساكا
شركات مدرجة في بورصة طوكيو
شركات مدرجة في بورصة ناسداك
شركات معدات الشبكات
شركات يابانية أسست في 1899
شركة إن إي سي
علامات تجارية يابانية
مجموعة ميتسوي

إن إي سي


Good Friendly Violent Fun prvi je koncertni album američkog thrash metal-sastava Exodus. Diskografska kuća Relativity Records objavila ga je 1. listopada 1991. Album je snimljen uživo tijekom turneje 1989. ali nije objavljen sve do 1991. Naziv albuma dolazi iz teksta pjesme "The Toxic Waltz" s albuma Fabulous Disaster.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

 Exodus

 Gary Holt – gitara
 Rob McKillop – bas-gitara
 Rick Hunolt – gitara
 Steve Souza – vokal
 John Tempesta – bubnjevi

 Ostalo osoblje

 Kathy Milone – dizajn
 Sean Wyett – naslovnica, grafički dizajn
 Ken Lee – mastering
 Marc Senasac – miks
 Kyle "Slick" Johnson – miks (asistent)
 Jenny Raisler – fotografije
 Gene Ambo – fotografije

Izvori

Albumi sastava Exodus
Albumi iz 1991.

Good Friendly Violent Fun


Navnet Basileia kan henvise til flere artikler. Det stammer fra den græske mytologi.
Ifølge Diodorus Siculus kan hun ligesættes med Theia (eller Thea), en af titanerne, datter af Uranus  og Titaia (som senere bliver kaldt Gaia, Jorden). Hun er gift med sin bror Hyperion, som hun har mindst to børn med: Helius og Selene. (Stamtavle af de græske guder)

Derudover har nogle græske gudinder ordet "Basileia" som tilnavn, som måske stammer fra den mandlige version "Basileus", der var betegnelsen for kongerne i Det Byzantinske Rige. "Basileia" betyder "personificeret kongerige", og bliver med denne betydning blandt andet brugt af Platon for Atlantis' hovedstad, og i Biblen: Basileia tou theou, Guds Rige.

Basileia


Kronavall slot er et svensk slot i Fågeltofta sogn i Tomelilla kommune i Skåne. Det ligger mellem Tomelilla og Brösarp på Österlen.

Hovedbygningen har to beboelser og er opført i 1760. Den blev ombygget i 1890'erne til et slot i fransk barokstil med fløje, der har tårne, efter tegninger af Isak Gustaf Clason. Slottet ligger på en lille ø omgivet af en voldgrav.

Historie
Da Skåne blev svensk, blev Kronavall i 1668 solgt til generalguvernøren i Skåne, friherre Gustaf Persson Banér. Det gik tilbage til kronen i 1692, men blev i 1709 givet tilbage til Banérs datter, Ebba, som dog snart solgte det. Fra slutningen af det 19. århundrede og frem til 1991 tilhørte slottet en gren af greveslægten Sparre. På det tidspunkt tilfaldt det via en donation fra ejerslægten en stiftelse med tilknytning til Riddarhuset. Denne stiftelse er i dag ejer af Kronavall og forvalter slottet og dets tilhørende jord på cirka 1500 hektar. Slottet blev i 1996 udlejet til familien Åkesson, men familien Sparre bebor fortsat en del af slottet.

Slottets nuværende anvendelse
Åkesson vin AB har lavet Kronavall til Sveriges (pr. 2014) eneste vinslot. Otte meter under jordoverfladen er der i kælderen oplagret titusindvis af flasker svensk mousserende vin. Desuden er der hotelvirksomhed med konferencefaciliteter, restaurant samt vincafé med udeservering.

Ejere af Kronavall

 Anders Sinclair
 Falck Lykke
 1658-1668 Dorte Rosenkrantz
 1668-1692 Gustaf Banér
 1692-1709 Kronen
 1709-1718 Ebba Banér
 1718-1738 Peter Malmberg
 1738-1744 Per Palmcreutz
 1744-1754 Christina Frisenheim
 1754-1764 Per Palmcreutz
 1764-1769 Christina Palmcreutz
 1769-1818 Beata Elisabeth von Essen af Zellie
 1818-1875 Axel Hugo Raoul Hamilton
 1875-1929 Alexandrine Anna Maria Hamilton gift med Carl Gustaf Sparre
 1929- Eskil Sigge Leon Sparre af Sövdeborg
 Erik Carl Johan Sparre af Sövdeborg

Galleri

Kilder og eksterne henvisninger

 Officiel hjemmeside

 Slottsguiden.info: Kronovall, hentet 6. juli 2016,

Slotte i Skåne

Kronovall slot


A League1 Ontario masculina de 2022 será a oitava temporada da League1 Ontario, a terceira divisão do futebol masculino no Canadá e a primeira divisão do futebol na província de Ontário.

O Guelph United FC foi o campeão da temporada passada, após vencer o Blue Devils FC na final por 3x1, e irá defender o título. Com essa conquista, o Guelph United será o representante da liga no Campeonato Canadense de 2022.

Formato e mudanças

A liga irá retornar com o formato de grupo único, em que cada equipe disputa 21 partidas, para a temporada de 2022, após a temporada de 2021 ter sido ajustada para ser mais curta devido à pandemia de COVID-19. A temporada regular será disputada em 18 semanas, entre 21 de abril e 21 de agosto. As seis equipes de melhor colocação na temporada regular avançarão para os playoffs, com as duas primeiras equipes recebendo um bye direto para as semifinais. As semifinais serão disputadas entre 27 e 28 de agosto e a final do torneio será no dia 3 de setembro, durante o fim de semana do Labour Day.

Com a definição de que, a partir de 2024, a liga adotará um formato multidivisional, com promoção e rebaixamento, os pontos obtidos na presente temporada irão servir para a colocação das equipes na temporada de 2024. Assim, os pontos obtidos em 2022 (peso de 75%) serão adicionados aos pontos que as equipes obtiverem na temporada de 2023 (peso de 100%) para determinar as colocações.

Equipes

O número de equipes na divisão masculina cresceu para 22 devido a expansões. Burlington SC, Electric City FC e Simcoe County Rovers se juntaram à liga como equipes de expansão, enquanto que o Pickering FC está voltando de um hiato e disputará sua primeira temporada com seu novo nome, após ser renomeado em 2019. Hamilton United, St. Catharines Roma Wolves, e BVB IA Waterloo (ou Waterloo United), farão as suas estreias na divisão principal da liga, após terem optado, na última temporada, por sair da divisão principal e disputar as divisões inferiores, como a temporada curta da Summer Championship Division ou a Reserve Division. O Toronto Skillz FC e o 1812 FC Barrie deixaram a liga, assim como o Aurora FC que estava em hiato e se juntou ao Simcoe County Rovers Group.

As seguintes equipes participarão desta temporada:

Premier Division

Temporada regular

 Atualizado com as partidas do dia 21 abril de 2022. Fonte:

Playoffs

Premiação

Ligações externas

Site oficial

Futebol do Canadá
Desporto no Canadá em 2022

League1 Ontario de 2022


An Chrysochloa subaequigluma in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Alfred Barton Rendle, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Jason Richard Swallen. An Chrysochloa subaequigluma in nahilalakip ha genus nga Chrysochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Angola. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Chrysochloa

Chrysochloa subaequigluma


O efeito Coolidge é um fenômeno biológico observado em diversos animais, no qual os machos exibem interesse sexual renovado sempre que uma nova fêmea é introduzida, mesmo após o sexo com parceiros sexuais anteriores e ainda disponíveis. Em menor grau, o efeito também é visto entre as fêmeas em relação aos seus parceiros.

O efeito Coolidge pode ser atribuído a um aumento na capacidade de resposta sexual e a um encurtamento do período refratário sexual. O benefício evolutivo desse fenômeno é que um macho pode fertilizar várias fêmeas em um curto período de tempo. O macho pode ser revigorado repetidamente para a inseminação bem sucedida de múltiplas fêmeas. Este tipo de sistema de acasalamento pode ser referido como poliginia, onde um macho se acasala com várias fêmeas, mas cada fêmea se acasala com apenas um ou alguns machos. Foi demonstrado que o efeito Coolidge ocorre em humanos em todas as culturas e em ambos os sexos.

Origem do termo
O endocrinologista comportamental Frank A. Beach afirmou em uma carta de 1974 ter introduzido o termo em 1958 ou 1959. Ele atribuiu o neologismo a

A piada aparece em um livro de 1972 (Agression in Man and Animals, de Roger N. Johnson, p. 94).

Evidências empíricas
Os experimentos originais com ratos aplicaram o seguinte protocolo: Um macho foi colocado em uma grande caixa fechada com quatro ou cinco ratazanas no cio. Ele imediatamente começou a acasalar com todas as ratas repetidamente até que finalmente ficou exausto. As fêmeas continuaram a cutucá-lo e lambê-lo, mas ele não respondeu. Quando uma nova fêmea foi introduzida na caixa, ele ficou alerta e começou a acasalar mais uma vez com a nova fêmea. Este fenômeno não se limita a ratos comuns.

Veja também

 Adultério
 Sexo casual
 Fornicação
 Sexo antes do casamento
 Promiscuidade
 Swing

Calvin Coolidge
Etologia
Piadas
Atração sexual

Efeito Coolidge


Revista Română de Științe Politice este un jurnal academic din România care publică articole de științe politice, în special din domenii precum politica comparativă, politicile publice, economia politică sau psihologia politică, acoperind probleme din România sau din Europa centrală și de Est. Editorul este Alina Mungiu-Pippidi. Fiecare volum conține cinci sau șase articole și până la două recenzii de carte.

Conform Journal Citation Reports, jurnalul are un factor de impact de 0.250 pentru anul 2014, plasându-se pe locul 136 din cele 161 de jurnale din categoria "Știinte Politice".

Referințe

Legături externe

Reviste de știință din România

Revista Română de Științe Politice


Kosmos 2350, ruski satelit sustava ranog upozorenja o raketnom napadu iz programa Kosmosa. Vrste je Prognoz (Oko-1 br. 7122).
Lansiran je 29. travnja 1998. godine u 04:36 s kozmodroma Bajkonura (Tjuratam) u Kazahstanu. Lansiran je u geostacionarnu orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Proton-K/DM-2 8K72K. Orbita mu je 35.775 km u perigeju i 35.803 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 2,23°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 25315. COSPARova oznaka je 1998-025-A. Zemlju obilazi u 1436,21 minutu. Pri lansiranju bio je mase kg.

Satelit je iz 2. generacije satelita globalnog zapovjednog i nadzornog sustava (GKKRS). Ovi su sateliti bili integrirani s geostacionarnim sustavom Luči i retransmitirali su podatke visokom stopom a u centimatarskom rasponu valne duljine. Luč se bavio komunikacijom između svemirskih letjelica i zemaljskih postaja, nasuprot sustavu Potoku.

Glavno tijelo je u orbiti. Dva su se dijela satelita vratila u atmosferu, a jedan blok ostao je u geostacionarnoj orbiti.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. 1998 год. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2350


Olaylar
 Tolunoğulları devleti yıkıldı (kuruluşu 868 veya 875).

Doğumlar
 17-18 Mayıs - VII. Konstantinos, Bizans imparatoru (ö. 959)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Müstekfî, Abbasi halifesi (ö. 949)

905


La Isocarboxazida (conocida también como Enerzer, Marplan, Marplon) es un inhibidor de la monoaminooxidasa (IMAO) irreversible y no selectivo derivado de la hidrazina que es utilizado como un antidepresivo y ansiolítico. Es una sustancia cristalina incolora con muy poco sabor, siendo uno de los pocos IMAO de hidrazina que aún se encuentran en uso clínico, junto con la fenelzina.

Este fármaco es utilizado para combatir diversos problemas médicos, tales como: depresión, ansiedad social, desorden de pánico y también, en los estadios iniciales de farmacoterapia contra el Parkinson y otros desórdenes asociados a la demencia.

Dentro de los efectos adversos en tanto, se pueden mencionar: cefaleas, ictericia, dolor de pecho, incremento en el peso, desmayos, mareos y temblores.

La Isocarboxazida no se utiliza con tanta frecuencia como otros medicamentos para combatir la depresión y la ansiedad, ya que es muy potente y también reacciona a ciertos alimentos, como la tiramina, ya que inhibe el catabolismo de las aminas dietéticas que se encuentran dentro de los alimentos diarios. Junto con otros IMAOs, es a menudo considerado como el «último recurso» en cuanto a medicación debido a sus reacciones a los alimentos y su potente contenido. Se ha utilizado como medicamento no autorizado para tratar el trastorno de despersonalización.

Referencias

Antidepresivos
Código ATC N
Inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa
Isoxazoles
Hidrazidas

Isocarboxazida


Prema hinduističkoj mitologiji, Pururavas (sanskrt पुरूरवस्, Purūravas) bio je indijski kralj u drevno doba. Opisan je kao pobožan vladar koji je osnovao Mjesečevu dinastiju. Spomenut je u svetim tekstovima nazivâ Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu Purana i Matsya Purana, kao i u slavnom epu zvanom Mahabharata.

Mitologija
Pururavas je rođen na planini Puru, po kojoj je dobio ime. Njegovi su roditelji Budha — bog planeta Merkura te sin Chandre, boga Mjeseca — i njegova žena Ila (इला). Nakon što je Pururavas molio velikog boga Brahmu za pomoć, postao je veliki vladar te je prinio brojne žrtve. Asure su bili njegovi pratitelji, a deve njegovi prijatelji.

Djeca
Pururavasovi sinovi:
Ayu (Ayus) — otac Nahushe, koji je spomenut u Rigvedi
Amavasu
Vishvayu
Shrutayu
Shatayu (Satayu)
Dridhayu

Urvaśi
Prema Rigvedi, Pururavas je imao seksualnu vezu sa ženom zvanom Urvaśi (Uṣas), koja je najvjerojatnije bila apsara ("nimfa"), a koja ga je na kraju napustila, na što je on bezuspješno pokušavao nagovoriti ju da mu se vrati.

Izvori i bilješke

Mitološki Indijci

Pururavas


Kassari es una isla del Mar Báltico que pertenece al país europeo de Estonia. Posee una superficie de 19,3 km² de superficie, con una población de alrededor de 300 personas. Cuenta con un museo dedicado a Aino Kallas.
Administrativamente hace parte del Condado de Hiiu y del municipio de Käina.
Hay cuatro pueblos, Esiküla, Kassari, Orjaku y Tagaküla

Véase también
 Geografía de Estonia
 Geografía de Europa

Referencias

 Kiisa, Uno: Kassari. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1985

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización de la Isla

Archipiélagos e islas de Estonia

Kassari


queerANarchive je udruga za razvoj, istraživanje i propitivanje kulture queer koja djeluje u Splitu i okolici.

Povijest
Udruga je osnovana 2010. u Splitu kao Kolektiv za razvoj, istraživanje i propitivanje queer kulture - queerANarchive te je službeno upisana Registar udruga RH 2013. gdje za misiju navodi: "promicanje, razvoj i unapređenje queer kulture i zajednice kroz istraživački, edukativni, umjetnički, kustoski, izdavački i zagovarački rad, s ciljem poticanja kritičkog i refleksivnog promišljanja društvene stvarnosti drugog i drugačijeg i osnaživanja queer zajednice. Vizija kolektiva je društvo sloboda kroz koje se ostvaruju identitetske različitosti."

Od 2013. kroz angažman u Platformi Doma mladih i LGBT centru Split bavi se zagovaranjem razvoja društveno-kulturnih centara temeljenih na javno-civilnom partnerstvu i sudioničkom upravljanju.

Kolektiv je 2018. godine sam pokrenuo platformu LGBT centra Split s ciljem razvoja postojećeg prostora LGBT centra Split u društveno kulturni centar zasnovan na sudioničkom upravljanju i javno-civilnom partnerstvu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 queerANarchive web
 Platforma Doma mladih

 Split
Queer u Hrvatskoj

QueerANarchive


Religiologija jest humanistička disciplina koja proučava religije i religijske pojave, a povezuje pristupe i znanja iz antropologije, etnologije, povijesti, bogoslovlja, filozofije, evolucijskih znanosti i psihologije. Kao znanstvena disciplina ustanovljuje se u 18. stoljeću.

Izvori
 Religiologija u Hrvatskoj enciklopediji
 Religije svijeta: enciklopedijski priručnik, Kršćanska sadašnjost, 1987.

Religiologija