Empiregården er en fredet købmandsgård fra slutningen af 1700-tallet, der ligger i Stege på Møn. Den ligger ved siden af den gamle byport Mølleporten, og huser i dag Møns Museum.

Historie
Empiregården blev opført i slutningen af 1770'erne som en firlænget gård.  Det oprindelige forhus var 24 fag langt. I 1813 blev gården kraftigt ombygget, idet man rev 18 fag af det gamle hovedhus ned, og der blev opført en ny hovedbygning af købmanden Hendrich Krænchel som blev indrettet til beboelse. Der blev indrettet en butik med indgang fra gaden, hvilket muligvis først skete nogle år efter.

Den 19. marts 1836 blev en del af gården ramt af en brand, der ødelagde omkring 50 % af huset, men det blev hurtig genbygget. Det vestlige sidehus nedbrændte helt. I stedet opførte man et grundmuret sidehus i 14 fag, som blev indrettet til slagtning, stald og med port til gården. Baghuset blev også ødelagt, og der blevt i stedet opført en bygning der blev indrettet som havestue og materialhus.

I 1880 blev der opført en ny bindingsværksbygning op mod en eksisterende kampestensmur, og den blev indrettet til stald. Muren nævnes allerede i 1811, men det er uvist præcis hvor gammel den er. I 1888 blev der opført et sidehus på 17 fag, som blev indrettet til køkken.

I 1958 blev Møns Museum indrettet i bygningen. I perioden 1976-81 blev alle bygningerne restaureret.
Frem til 1922 var gården ejet af skiftende købmænd og handelsfolk. Herefter blev det brugt som depot for Tuborg, og herefter som praksis og bolig for en af Danmarks første kvindelige praktiserende læger ved navn Jensa Thøger Sørensen.

Den eneste del af den oprindelige gård, der er bevaret til i dag, er bindingsværkbygningen mod vest, der er seks fag langt.

Se også
 Møns Museum - Indrettet i Empiregården
 Mølleporten - Byport lige ved siden af Empiregården
 Fredede bygninger i Vordingborg Kommune

Referencer

Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Stege
Fredede bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Vordingborg Kommune

Empiregården


Gloria Dei (lat. für Ruhm Gottes) steht für:

 Gloria Dei (Rose), Rosensorte
 Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church, Kirche in Philadelphia, Vereinigte Staaten
 Gloria Dei, früherer Name von Gloria D (Schiff), Seebäderschiff

Siehe auch:
 Ad maiorem Dei gloriam, lateinische Phrase

Gloria Dei


Winston Hibler (* 8. Oktober 1910 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; † 8. August 1976 in Los Angeles, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Drehbuchautor, Filmproduzent und -regisseur sowie Schauspieler und Off-Sprecher. Bekannt ist vor allem seine Arbeit für Walt-Disney-Produktionen. Dem englischsprachigen Film- und Fernsehpublikum ist er als Sprecher der Disney-Dokumentarfilme vertraut.

Leben

Herkunft, Ausbildung und erste Berufsjahre
Winston Hibler wollte schon als Jugendlicher Schauspieler werden und ging deshalb nach New York, um an der dortigen American Academy of Dramatic Arts eine entsprechende Ausbildung zu absolvieren, die er 1930 abschloss. Im gleichen Jahr  heiratete er die Schauspielerin und Eisläuferin Dorothy "Dottie" Johnson (1912–2010). Das Paar hatte drei Kinder, darunter Christopher Hibler (1942–2010), der später nach seiner Ausbildung in den Disney-Studios ebenfalls im Filmgeschäft tätig war.

Nachdem er Anfang der 1930er Jahre zunächst für kurze Zeit am Broadway und beim Saisontheater gespielt hatte, versuchte Winston Hibler, in Hollywood Fuß zu fassen. Als Schauspieler kam er im Filmgeschäft allerdings über Statisten- und winzige Nebenrollen nicht hinaus und hielt sich als freier Autor für Magazine und Radiosender über Wasser.

Karriere in den Disney-Studios
1942 fing er in den Walt-Disney-Studios als Kameraoperateur an, arbeitete sich aber alsbald empor zum Technischen Direktor (Technical Director) militärischer Ausbildungsfilme, die das Studio während des Zweiten Weltkriegs im Auftrag der US-Regierung herstellte. Sein erster reiner Unterhaltungsfilm war dann Musik, Tanz und Rhythmus (1948), für den er das Drehbuch für das Segment Hänschen Apfelkern (Johnny Appleseed) schrieb. Walt Disney erkannte sein Talent als Autor, und in der Folge war Winston Hibler dann bis einschließlich Dornröschen und der Prinz (1959) an den Drehbuchentwicklungen für alle langen Disney-Zeichentrickfilme beteiligt, ausgenommen lediglich Susi und Strolch (1955). Für diese Filme war er auch als Dialog-Regisseur tätig und steuerte einige Liedtexte bei, etwa die zusammen mit Ted Sears geschriebenen Songs Following the Leader für Peter Pans heitere Abenteuer (1953) und I Wonder für Dornröschen und der Prinz (1959). In seiner Funktion als Liedtexter war Hibler ab 1954 Mitglied der American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).

Die Stimme der Disney-Dokumentarfilme
Dem breiten Publikum im englischsprachigen Raum ist Winston Hibler jedoch vor allem als Kommentator der Disney-Dokumentarfilmreihen Entdeckungsreisen im Reiche der Natur (True-Life Adventures) und Land und Leute (People and Places) bekannt. Seine ruhige und angenehme Stimme, geprägt vom Akzent des Mittleren Westens war, beginnend mit Die Robbeninsel (1948), ein Markenzeichen aller dieser Filme. Dies war Walt Disney durchaus bewusst, und so hatte Hibler für über eine Dekade vor allem mit diesen Dokumentarproduktionen zu tun. Bereits ab Erde, die große Unbekannte (1951) schrieb er regelmäßig auch an den Drehbüchern mit, wobei er eng mit seinem Autorenkollegen Ted Sears sowie Koproduzent Ben Sharpsteen und Regisseur James Algar zusammenarbeitete. In dieser Konstellation hatte Hibler auch erheblichen Anteil am Erfolg der langen Kinodokumentationen wie Die Wüste lebt (1953), Wunder der Prärie (1954) oder Geheimnisse der Steppe (1955).

Demgegenüber geriet seine Arbeit für Land und Leute etwas in den Hintergrund. Einen Film der Reisefilm-Reihe, Unternehmen Arktis (1955), gestaltete er in Personalunion als Regisseur, Drehbuchautor und Sprecher entscheidend mit. Die Dokumentation über Eisbrecher im Arktischen Ozean brachte 1956 Walt Disney nicht nur den Oscar als "Bester kurzer Dokumentarfilm", sondern Hibler persönlich auch die "Kleine Goldene Plakette" bei den Internationalen Filmfestspielen Berlin ein. Später führte er noch bei Seven Cities of Antarctica (1958) Regie.

Besonders intensiv arbeitete Hibler zusammen mit Ralph Wright und N. Paul Kenworthy außerdem an Perris Abenteuer (1957), Disneys erster und einziger True-Life Fantasy. Bei dieser Realverfilmung der Vorlage von Felix Salten wurden Aufnahmen echter Tiere in Anlehnung an den Stil der Dokumentarfilme verwendet. Hibler war dabei nicht nur am Drehbuch und den Liedertexten beteiligt, sondern auch Koproduzent und Erzähler.

Daneben wirkte Hibler als Autor, Regisseur und Sprecher an verschiedenen Folgen der Disney-Fernsehshow Disneyland mit, in der er mehrmals auch vor der Kamera zu sehen war. Ein besonderer Erfolg war dabei das zusammen mit Hamilton S. Luske inszenierte Fernsehspecial Unternehmen Tiefsee (1954), das nicht nur die Geschichte der Erforschung der Tiefsee thematisierte, sondern zugleich auch als Making-of für 20.000 Meilen unter dem Meer (1954) fungierte. Das Studio gewann dafür 1955 einen Emmy.

Als Produzent
Als Walt Disney seine Dokumentarfilmreihen zu Anfang der 1960er Jahre auslaufen ließ, konzentrierte sich Hibler – beginnend mit Nikki, Held des Nordens (1961) – als Produktionsleiter vorrangig auf diejenigen Kinospielfilm-Produktionen des Studios, in denen Tiere oder die Natur tragende Elemente waren. Besonders eng arbeitete er dabei mit Regisseur Norman Tokar und Drehbuchautor Louis Pelletier zusammen, so an Diese Calloways (1965) und Vierzig Draufgänger (1966). Gelegentlich führte er auch selbst Regie, so bei den einfühlsamen Tierabenteuerfilmen Der einsame Puma (1967), Lefty, der Luchs (1971) und Chandar, der schwarze Leopard (1972).

Nach Walt Disneys Tod 1966 gehörte Winston Hibler neben James Algar, Bill Anderson, Ron Miller, Bill Walsh, Harry Tytle und Roy E. Disney zum Stab der sieben Produzenten, die unter Vorsitz von Disney-Vizepräsident Card Walker die Produktionsleitung übernahmen. Sie wurden für die nächste Dekade die Hauptverantwortlichen für die gesamte Filmproduktion des Studios. Insgesamt war Hibler, der innerhalb des Studios schlicht nur Hib oder Hibbie genannt wurde, an rund 150 Film- und Fernsehproduktionen der Disney-Studios beteiligt.

Sein letzter Kinofilm war die aufwendige, jedoch nicht sonderlich erfolgreiche Science-Fiction-Literaturverfilmung Insel am Ende der Welt (1974).

Gerade mit Vorarbeiten zu Das schwarze Loch (1979) beschäftigt, starb Winston Hibler plötzlich und unerwartet im Alter von 65 Jahren am 8. August 1976.

In Würdigung seiner Verdienste ernannte ihn die Walt Disney Company 1992 postum zur Disney-Legende.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1948: Musik, Tanz und Rhythmus (Melody Time) – Drehbuchbeteiligung
 1948: Die Robbeninsel (Seal Island) – Sprecher
 1949: Die Abenteuer von Ichabod und Taddäus Kröte (The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad) – Drehbuchbeteiligung
 1950: Im Tal der Biber (In Beaver Valley) – Sprecher
 1950: Aschenputtel, auch: Cinderella (Cinderella) – Drehbuchbeteiligung
 1951: Erde, die große Unbekannte (Nature's Half Acre) – Drehbuchbeteiligung und Sprecher
 1951: Alice im Wunderland (Alice in Wonderland) – Drehbuchbeteiligung
 1952: The Olympic Elk – Drehbuchbeteiligung und Sprecher
 1952: Wasservögel (Water Birds) – Drehbuchbeteiligung und Sprecher
 1953: Im Lande der Bären (Bear Country) – Sprecher
 1953: The Alaskan Eskimo – Sprecher
 1953: Peter Pans heitere Abenteuer (Peter Pan) – Drehbuch- und Liedertextebeteiligung
 1953: Die Wüste lebt (The Living Desert) – Drehbuchbeteiligung und Sprecher
 1954: Siam – Land und Leute (Siam) – Drehbuchbeteiligung und Sprecher
 1954: Unternehmen Tiefsee (Operation Undersea) – TV – Koregie
 1954: Wunder der Prärie (The Vanishing Prairie) – Drehbuchbeteiligung und Sprecher
 1955: Schweiz (Switzerland) – Sprecher
 1955: Unternehmen Arktis (Men Against the Arctic) – Regie, Drehbuch und Sprecher
 1955: Geheimnisse der Steppe (The African Lion) – Drehbuchbeteiligung und Sprecher
 1956: Sardinien (Sardinia) – Sprecher
 1956: Geheimnisse des Lebens (Secrets of Life) – Sprecher
 1956: Disneyland, U.S.A. – Sprecher
 1957: Perris Abenteuer (Perri) – Drehbuch- und Liedertextebeteiligung, Koproduzent und Erzähler
 1957: Die blauen Männer von Marokko (The Blue Men of Morocco) – Sprecher
 1958: Seven Cities of Antarctica – Regie und Sprecher
 1958: Ama Girls – Sprecher
 1958: Weiße Wildnis (White Wilderness) – Sprecher
 1958: The Pigeon That Worked a Miracle – Fernsehfilm der Disneyland-Reihe – Produzent
 1959: Dornröschen und der Prinz (Sleeping Beauty) – Drehbuch- und Liedertextebeteiligung
 1959: Wilde Katzen (Jungle Cat) – Sprecher
 1959: Geheimnisse der Tiefe (Mysteries of the Deep) – Sprecher
 1960: Inseln im Meer (Islands of the Sea) – Sprecher
 1961: Flash, the Teenage Otter – Fernsehfilm der Disneyland-Reihe – Erzähler
 1961: Nikki, Held des Nordens (Nikki, Wild Dog of the North) – Drehbuchbeteiligung und Produzent
 1961: Chico, the Misunderstood Coyote – Fernsehfilm der Disneyland-Reihe – Erzähler
 1962: Mein Freund Red (Big Red) – Koproduzent
 1962: Sammy, the Way-Out Seal – Fernsehfilm der Disneyland-Reihe – Koproduzent
 1963: Little Dog Lost – Fernsehfilm der Disneyland-Reihe – Koproduzent und Erzähler
 1965: Ida, the Offbeat Eagle – Fernsehfilm der Disneyland-Reihe – Koproduzent und Erzähler
 1965: Diese Calloways (Those Calloways) – Koproduzent
 1965: A Country Coyote Goes Hollywood – Fernsehfilm der Disneyland-Reihe – Drehbuchbeteiligung und Erzähler
 1966: Geliebter Haustyrann (The Ugly Dachshund) – Koproduzent
 1966: Vierzig Draufgänger (Follow Me, Boys!) – Koproduzent
 1967: Der einsame Puma (Charlie, the Lonesome Cougar)  – Regie, Koproduzent und Geschichte
 1968: Der Hengst im grauen Flanellanzug (The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit) – Produzent
 1970: Aristocats (The Aristocats) – Koproduzent
 1970: König der Grizzlies (King of the Grizzlies) – Produzent und Erzähler
 1971: Lefty, der Luchs (Lefty, the Dingaling Lynx) – Fernsehfilm – Regie
 1972: Chandar, der schwarze Leopard (Chandar, the Black Leopard of Ceylon) – Regie
 1972: Flucht in die Wildnis (Napoleon and Samantha) – Produzent
 1973: Ein Kamel im wilden Westen (One Little Indian) – Produzent
 1974: Meine Bären und ich (The Bears and I) – Produzent
 1974: Südsee-Cowboy (The Castaway Cowboy) – Koproduzent
 1974: Insel am Ende der Welt (The Island at the Top of the World) – Produzent

Weblinks

 Winston Hibler bei Disney Legends (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Drehbuchautor
Off-Sprecher
Filmproduzent
Filmregisseur
Fernsehregisseur
Liedtexter
Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Person (Disney)
Person um Walt Disney
Träger des Disney Legend Award
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1910
Gestorben 1976
Mann

Winston Hibler


Vasco Faé é um multi-instrumentista brasileiro, compositor, arranjador e produtor musical, nascido no ABC paulista. Intergrou, inicialmente a "Irmandade do Blues" com mais de 30 anos de atividade até os dias de hoje. Paralelamente desenvolveu um projeto solo, onde canta, toca guitarra, gaita, bumbo e caixa, e ainda controlando vários pedais e aparelhos eletrônicos similares. Por esse trabalho, por suas habilidades de "one man band", ficou conhecido pelo epíteto de "Manoblues". Por dois anos integrou o Blues Etílicos atuando como cantor e compositor, o que culminou na gravação do CD "Cor do Universo".  Em Abril de 2023 participou do documentário "O Blues no Brasil", um apanhado de entrevistas com os mais importantes artistas do gênero no país.   Vasco Faé, o Manoblues, com mais de 2.000 apresentações, é considerado um dos grandes artistas do gênero. . Eclético, já dividiu o palco com Andreas Kisser,Simone, Bocato, André Christovam, Samuel Rosa, Tony Belloto e Charles Gavin.

Festivais

Discografia

Referências

Músicos de blues

Vasco Faé


معايير القبول  في إدارة المشروعات هي تلك المعايير، شاملة متطلبات الأداء والشروط الجوهرية التي يجب الوفاء بها قبل قبول مخرجات تسليم المشروع
، ويعمل هذا الدليل علي توفير الدلائل الارشادية لإدارة المشروعات المستقبلية - فهو يعرف الإدارة للمشروع والمفاهيم المرتبطة بها ويشرح دوره حياة المشروع والعمليات المرتبطة .
هدف الدليل

انظر أيضا
قبول (إدارة مشروعات)

مصادر
- دليل للدليل المعرفي لإدارة المشروعات - الطبعة الثالثة
Project Management Body of Knowledge

إدارة المشاريع

معايير قبول (إدارة مشروعات)


Medimfarm este un lanț de farmacii din România, înființat în anul 1991 de către acționari români.

În anul 2015 avea o cifră de afaceri de 24.243.297  de euro și aproximativ 322 de angajați.

Din 2016, potrivit legii, compania și-a separat distribuția de retail, mutând activitatea de vânzare cu amănuntul pe o nouă companie, Medimfarm TopFarm S.A.

Medimfarm TopFarm opereaza cu farmacii in peste 30 de orase, respectiv in 18 judete din Romania.

Acționarul majoritar al Medimfarm este Mihai Anastasescu, care deține 89,456% din acțiuni prin firma Global Invest din Câmpina.

Număr de farmacii:
 2006: 11
 2007: 14
 2008: 15
 2009: 18
 2010: 29
 2011: 40
 2012: 50
 2016: 56
2020: 58

Compania a fost listată la bursa de valori BVB până pe 31 august 2015.

Medimfarm este utilizată pentru a calcula indicii de piață de către Cegedim, cea mai mare companie de studii și analiză din domeniul farmaceutic.

Referințe

Companii farmaceutice
Farmacii din România

Medimfarm


Crestwing er et koncept der definerer en særlig patenteret tilgang til bølgeenergi. Crestwing udnytter det atmosfæriske tryk til at trække energien ud af bølgerne. I 2005 blev maskiningeniør Henning Pilgaard, sammen med sin kone, 3D designer og klejnsmed Ruth Bloom, enige om at gøre alvor af deres unikke planer med at omdanne bølgernes bevægelser til energi. I 2005 gik konceptet under navnet "Bølgevingen" firmaet hed "Wave energy fyn". Tidlige versioner af bølgevingen blev herefter testet på Aalborg Universitet og Dansk Hydraulisk Institut. Med internationalt sigte blev Bølgevingen til Crestwing og firmaet tog navn efter konceptet. I 2009, flyttede Crestwing sine aktiviteter til Frederikshavn kommune. Efter massevis af tests i diverse kontrollerede miljøer blev modellen Fladstrand til og fik navn efter Frederikshavns gamle navn. Fladstrand blev kendt igennem TV2s serie "Norskov" som rullede over TV skærmene i 2015. Udrustet med masser af elektronik og måleudstyr, leverede Fladstrand de manglende data og banede vejen for Crestwings, nye fuldskala model "Tordenskiold". Crestwing har planer om at søsætte Tordenskiold i april 2018. Hvor Fladstrand var lavet i træ er Tordenskiold lavet af stål og konstrueret på samme måde som når man bygger skibe.

Konceptet

Crestwings koncept består af 2 pontoner, i princippet med en bremse i mellem. Hvor andre bølgeenergi anlæg høster den potentielle energi, sigter Crestwing efter at høste både den potentielle energi og den kinetiske energi i bølgernes bevægelse. Crestwing udnytter det vakuum som omgiver os alle pga. trykket fra atmosfæren. På den måde suges anlægget ned mod bølgerne, med en potentiel kraft på 10 tons pr. m2. Kort fortalt bliver et Crestwing anlæg løftet op på toppen af bølgen og trækker energien ud, når bølgen forlader anlægget igen. Bølgen har nu markant mindre slagkraft og har dermed langt mindre negativ effekt på kysterne. Et anlæg som Tordenskiold trækker ikke energi ud på vej op da dette ville reducere bølgens top og dermed mindske det samlede output. En "flåde" af anlæg af denne type ville på den måde kunne fungere som kystsikring af f.eks. Lønstrup der ligger i Hjørring kommune.

Udviklingsforløbet
Bølgevingen blev opfundet omkring år 2000. Efter flere målinger og tests er formen revideret flere gange. En tidlig model er på museum i Tyskland.

Referencer

Se også
 Crestwing baner nye bølgeveje, en dokumentarfilm om projektet

Eksterne henvisninger
 Crestwings hjemmeside .
 Med bølgeenergi vil Ruth Bloom redde verden – og bevise, at hendes afdøde mand var genial

Bølgeenergi i Danmark
Bølgekraftværker

Crestwing


D.E.F. Orkestra, (Erdal Kızılçay, Fuat Güner ve Dağhan Baydur) tarafından gerçekleştirilmiş müzik projesi.

Proje
Erdal Kızılçay daha önce kaydetmiş olduğu, "She Said She Said" demosunu dinletince Dağhan ve Fuat harekete geçti. Projenin ilk canlı performansı 1998'de Lütfi Kırdar Uluslararası Kongre ve Sergi Sarayı'nda Commercial Union'un sponsorluğu ile gerçekleştirildi. CD'nin Liverpool belediyesine gönderilmesi, ve gelen davet üzerine, 1999 yılında Turizm Bakanlığı, ATV ve Berna Yılmaz'ın katkılarıyla Liverpool Beatles Festivali'nde büyük beğeni topladılar. Bu konseri izlemiş olan BBC prodüktörleri, 2002 yılında İngiltere Kraliçesi'nin 50. Yıl Jübile kutlamaları için DEF'i Liverpool'a davet ettiler. DEF'in jubile konserinde Beatles eserlerini canlı yayında seslendirmesini takiben, Paul McCartney ve diğer İngiliz sanatçıları ile konser devam etti.

Albüm
Beatles Alaturka'dan seçme parçalar Ocak 2001 tarihinde Müzikotek/İmaj Müzik aracılığı ile piyasaya sürüldü. Albümün içeriği, "The Beatles"'ın çeşitli parçalarının etnik/alaturka şekline yorumlarından oluşmaktadır.

Albümde bulunan şarkıların listesi

 A Hard Day's Night
 We Can Work It Out
 Across the Universe
 I Feel Fine
 Love Me Do
 Ticket To Ride
 She Said, She Said
 Don't Bother Me
 Nowhere Man
 Tomorrow Never Knows

Dış bağlantılar
 Dağhan Baydur ile röportaj, Ağustos 2002
 Fuat Güner ile röportaj, Ocak 2000
 ShowTVnet'in Beatles Alaturka hakkında haberi
 Beatles Alaturka'nın Ekşi Sözlük entry'si

2001 albümleri
İngilizce albümler

Beatles Alaturka


New Lebanon est un village américain situé dans le comté de Montgomery, dans l'Ohio. Selon le recensement de 2010, sa population est de .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Village dans l'Ohio
Comté de Montgomery (Ohio)

New Lebanon (Ohio)


165659 Michaelhicks este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
165659 Michaelhicks este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Haleakala în cadrul programului NEAT. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,09 ua, o excentricitate de 0,37 și o înclinație de 27,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 165001-166000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2001
Centura de asteroizi

165659 Michaelhicks


The Prudential Center (colloquially the Pru) is an enclosed shopping mall within the mixed-use Prudential Center complex in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is located at the base of the Prudential Tower, and provides direct indoor connections to several nearby destinations including the Hynes Convention Center, the office towers at 101 and 111 Huntington Avenue, and the Sheraton Boston hotel. The mall is connected to the Copley Place shopping mall via a skybridge over Huntington Avenue. As of 2022, the complex currently features a Saks Fifth Avenue, and notable brands such as Earl's, Lacoste, Club Monaco, Ralph Lauren, and Vineyard Vines.

Description
A Mandarin Oriental hotel is part of the complex, as well as the Avalon and the Belvidere Residences apartments. A large Star Market supermarket is located across a small side street bordering the mall.

The shopping complex is anchored by Saks Fifth Avenue. The mall is home to over 75 specialty retailers, including upscale stores such as Earl's, Lacoste, Club Monaco, Ralph Lauren, Vineyard Vines, and more. The St. Francis Chapel, a functioning Roman Catholic chapel staffed by the Oblates of the Virgin Mary and located inside the shopping center since 1969, offers daily services and a religious giftshop.

Around 20 food-related businesses ranging from quick snacks to fine dining are located at the mall, with many other independent restaurants located nearby outside. A  open-market format Eataly location was opened in November 2016, replacing a former food court within the mall.

Transportation connections include the Prudential subway station and the nearby Hynes Convention Center station, both on branches of the MBTA Green Line. The Back Bay multimodal station, with access to the MBTA Orange Line, MBTA Commuter Rail, and Amtrak inter-city rail, is a short climate-controlled walk away via the adjacent Copley Place shopping mall. Multiple bus routes stop at the center, and there is underground parking available on-site.

History

The location originally consisted of marshlands next to the Charles River in the Back Bay district of Boston. These wetlands were gradually filled in, and a large railyard was built. In the early 1960s, the railyard was replaced by the Prudential Tower and several smaller buildings.

Originally, only one department store (Saks), along with a handful of shops, existed around the base of the Prudential Tower in a small shopping arcade.  Nearby structures including the Hynes Convention Center, 101 Huntington Avenue office tower, a Sheraton Hotel, and other various shops were separated by open plazas in a patchwork of disjointed buildings.

A large, windswept paved plaza off Boylston Street was dominated by a  sculptural bronze male nude by Boston-educated artist Donald Harcourt De Lue, titled Quest Eternal, and installed in 1967. Popularly known as "The Naked Guy", the 5-ton sculpture, cast in one piece, depicted a Mannerist heroic figure stretched diagonally upwards towards the sky.

In 1991, a plan was put forth to connect all of the buildings together with an enclosed and expanded shopping center, in the area bordered by Boylston Street, Huntington Avenue, and Dalton Street.  The Hahn Company, together with then-owner Prudential Insurance Company of America, spent over two years developing the $100 million project.

In 1993, the new Shops at Prudential Center was completed, and largely successful in filling its new spaces.  Multiple buildings surrounding the Prudential Center were now connected through the shopping arcade, with pedestrian traffic ranging from office workers to convention attendees, able to travel conveniently to various destinations regardless of the weather outside.

In 2014, a new entrance to the Prudential Center was built to replace the remaining open plaza bordering Boylston Street. This required that the Quest Eternal statue be removed, and its whereabouts and future were unknown to the general public. In 2019, the Boston City Council announced that it had accepted the donation of the statue from Boston Properties, and would install it in the public Smith Playground, near the intersection of Western Avenue and North Harvard Street in the Allston district. There remain several smaller works of public art at the Prudential Center complex, including temporary art installations.

On August 24, 2020, it was announced that high end regional division Lord & Taylor would shutter.

On June 30, 2022, it was announced that Dick's Sporting Goods was in final negotiations to take over the Lord & Taylor building at the center for its House of Sports concept store.

Reception
In November 2019, the online business news website MassLive rated the Shops at Prudential Center as fifth, and the immediately adjacent Copley Place as fourth best among 40 malls and shopping centers in Massachusetts.

Gallery

References

External links
 Official site
 Prudential Center area map

Shopping malls in Massachusetts
Commercial buildings in Boston
Prudential Financial buildings
Shopping malls established in 1993
1993 establishments in Massachusetts

Prudential Center (shopping mall)


Yukitaka Omi (født 25. december 1952) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan
Fodboldtrænere fra Japan

Yukitaka Omi


Words of Japanese origin have entered many languages. Some words are simple transliterations of Japanese language words for concepts inherent to Japanese culture, but some are actually words of Chinese origin that were first exposed to English via Japan. The words on this page are an incomplete list of words which are listed in major English dictionaries and whose etymologies include Japanese. The reverse of this list can be found at List of gairaigo and wasei-eigo terms.

Arts
 anime  アニメ , hand-drawn and computer animation originating from or associated with Japan.
 bokeh  (from ぼけ boke), subjective aesthetic quality of out-of-focus areas of an image projected by a camera lens.
 bonsai  盆栽 , "tray gardening"; the art of tending miniature trees. Originated from Chinese 盆栽 penzai
 bunraku 文楽, a form of traditional Japanese puppet theatre, performed by puppeteers, chanters, and shamisen players.
 haiku  俳句 , a very short poem consisting of three lines of 5, 7, and 5 morae (not syllables as commonly thought) each; see also tanka below.
 ikebana  生花, flower arrangement.
 imari 伊万里, Japanese porcelain wares (made in the town of Arita and exported from the port of Imari, particularly around the 17th century).
 kabuki 歌舞伎, a traditional form of Japanese theatre; also any form of elaborate theatre, especially metaphorically.
 kaiju 怪獣, Japanese genre of horror and science fiction films featuring giant monsters.
 kakemono 掛け物, a vertical Japanese scroll, of ink-and-brush painting or calligraphy, that hangs in a recess on a wall inside a room.
 kakiemon 柿右衛門, Japanese porcelain wares featuring enamel decoration (made in Arita, using the style developed in the 17th century by 酒井田 柿右衛門 Sakaida Kakiemon).
 karaoke  カラオケ , (English IPA : ) "empty orchestra";  entertainment where an amateur singer accompanies recorded music.
 kirigami  切り紙, similar to origami, but involves cutting in addition to folding.
 koto 琴, a traditional stringed musical instrument from Japan, resembling a zither with 13 strings.
 makimono 巻物, a horizontal Japanese hand scroll, of ink-and-brush painting or calligraphy
 manga  まんが or 漫画 , (English IPA : ) Japanese comics; refers to comics in general in Japanese
netsuke 根付, a toggle used to tie the sash of a kimono also to attach small items such as inro and kinchaku: sometimes beautifully carved.
 noh 能 nō, a major form of classical Japanese music drama
 origami  折り紙, artistic paper folding. (British English IPA : )
 otaku  オタク or おたく or ヲタク, a geeky enthusiast, especially of anime and manga.
 senryu  川柳, a form of short poetry similar to haiku.
 shamisen 三味線, a three-stringed musical instrument, played with a plectrum.
 sumi-e  墨絵, a general term for painting with a brush and black ink.
 tanka  短歌, "short poetry"; an older form of Japanese poetry than haiku, of the form 5-7-5-7-7 morae (not syllables; see also haiku above).
tankōbon 単行本, "independent/standalone book"; term for a book that is complete in itself and is not part of a series or corpus. In modern Japan, though, it is most often used in reference to individual volumes of a single manga, as opposed to magazines.
ukiyo-e 浮世絵, a type of woodblock print art or painting. (English IPA : )
waka 和歌, "Japanese poetry"; a word used primarily to describe tanka (see above) written between the 9th and 19th centuries.
wabi-sabi 侘び寂び, a world view or aesthetic centered on the acceptance of transience and imperfection.

Business
 kaizen 改善, literally "change for the better." In practice, a Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement of working practices, personal efficiency, etc. Initially made famous by the 1986 book of same name.
 kanban 看板, literally a "signal" or "sign" signals a cycle of replenishment for production and materials and maintains an orderly and efficient flow of materials throughout the entire manufacturing process.
 karoshi  過労死, "death by overwork, stress death"
 keiretsu  系列, a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings.
 Poka-yoke   "mistake-proofing" or "inadvertent error prevention".
 tycoon  大君 ("taikun"), "great prince" or "high commander", later applied to wealthy business leaders.
 zaibatsu  財閥, a "money clique" or conglomerate

Clothing
 geta 下駄, a pair of Japanese raised wooden clogs worn with traditional Japanese garments, such as the kimono
 inro 印籠 inrō, a case for holding small objects, often worn hanging from the obi; (traditional Japanese clothes didn't have pockets)
 kimono 着物, a traditional full-length robe-like garment still worn by women, men and children. (English IPA : )
 obi 帯, a wide belt that is tied in the back to secure a kimono
 yukata 浴衣, a casual or simplified summer style of kimono
 zori 草履 zōri, sandals made from rice straw or lacquered wood, worn with a kimono for formal occasions

Culinary
 adzuki, azuki bean あずき or 小豆 , type of bean grown in eastern Asia and the Himalayas, used in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese cuisines, usually served sweet
 arame  荒布, a type of edible seaweed
 bento  弁当 bentō, a single-portion takeout meal, box lunch
 daikon  大根, a kind of white radish
 dashi  だし or 出汁, a simple soup stock considered fundamental to Japanese cooking
 edamame  枝豆, soybeans boiled whole in the green pod and served with salt
 enokitake, enoki mushroom  えのきたけ or 榎茸, long, thin white mushrooms, used in Japanese, Korean and Chinese cuisines
 fugu  河豚 or フグ, the meat of the toxic pufferfish, must be prepared by specially trained chefs by law. Also means pufferfish itself.
 ginkgo  銀杏 or ぎんなん ginnan, a gymnospermous tree (Ginkgo biloba) of eastern China that is widely grown as an ornamental or shade tree and has fan-shaped leaves and yellow fruit (the word is derived from 17th Century Japanese 銀杏 ginkyō)
 gyoza  ギョーザ or 餃子 gyōza, Japanese name for Chinese dumplings, jiaozi (jiǎozi); may also be called pot stickers in English if they are fried
 hibachi  火鉢, a small, portable charcoal grill; used in North America to refer to a teppan or a small shichirin-like aluminium or cast iron grill
 hijiki  ひじき or 鹿尾菜, a type of edible seaweed commonly found on rocky coastlines

katsu カツ, Japanese term for cutlets in general; in English, typically refers to the dish chicken katsu, a type of breaded chicken cutlet served with rice and sauce. (English IPA : )
katsuo 鰹, a skipjack tuna
katsuobushi かつおぶし or 鰹節, dried and smoked skipjack tuna (katsuo), which is shaved and then used in dashi
koji 麴 or 麹 kōji, a fungus that is the active agent in the fermentation processes, of producing miso and soy sauce from soybeans, and of producing sake and shōchū from rice.
kombu 昆布, dried kelp, which can be eaten or used as dashi
matsutake 松茸, a type of edible mushroom, with a magnificently spicy aroma similar to cinnamon, considered to be a great delicacy and the most coveted mushroom in Japan
mirin 味醂, an essential condiment of the Japanese cuisine, a kind of rice wine similar to sake with a slightly sweet taste
miso 味噌, a thick paste made by fermenting soybeans with salt
mizuna 水菜, an edible plant, with flavor akin to the mustard plant
mochi餅, sticky rice cake
napa cabbage 菜っ葉, Chinese cabbage, (in Japan, it is a generic term for leaf vegetables.)
nashi (pear) 梨, a species of pear native to eastern Asia, which are juicy, round and shaped like apples. Often simply referred to as "asian pear(s)".
natto 納豆, traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans
nori 海苔, food products created from green laver seaweed species by a shredding and rack-drying process that resembles papermaking.
panko パン粉, Japanese white bread flakes. Panko is made from bread without crusts, thus it has a crisper, airier texture than most types of breading found in Western cuisine.
ramen ラーメン rāmen, the Japanese version of Chinese noodle soup, not limited to the instant variety. (British English IPA : )
sake 酒 ,nihon-shu(日本酒), an alcoholic beverage, brewed from rice. In Japanese, the word commonly refers to alcoholic drinks in general
sashimi 刺身, a Japanese delicacy primarily consisting of the freshest raw seafoods thinly sliced and served with only a dipping sauce and wasabi.
satsuma (from 薩摩 Satsuma, an ancient province of Japan), a type of mandarin orange (mikan) native to Japan
shabu shabu しゃぶしゃぶ, a meal where each person cooks their own food in their own cooking pot from an assortment of raw ingredients
shiitake しいたけ or 椎茸 , an edible mushroom typically cultivated on the shii tree
shoyu 醬油 or 醤油shōyu, Japanese soy sauce
soba 蕎麦 or ソバ, thin brown buckwheat noodles
soy from shoyu 醤油
sukiyaki すき焼き or スキヤキ, a dish in the nabemono-style (one-pot), consisting of thinly sliced beef, tofu, konnyaku noodles, negi, Chinese cabbage (bok choy), and enoki mushrooms among others
surimi すり身 or 擂り身, processed meat made from cheaper white-fleshed fish, to imitate the look of a more expensive meat such as crab legs
sushi 鮨 or 鮓 or 寿司, a dish consisting of vinegared rice combined with other ingredients such as raw fish, raw or cooked shellfish, or vegetables
takoyakiたこ焼, たこ焼き, or 章魚焼き, literally fried or baked octopus
tamari 溜まり or たまり, liquid obtained by pressing soybeans
tempura てんぷら or 天麩羅, classic Japanese deep fried batter-dipped seafood and vegetables. The word may be from Portuguese tempêro/seasoning.
teppanyaki 鉄板焼き, a type of Japanese cuisine that uses a hot iron griddle (teppan) to cook food
teriyaki 照り焼き or テリヤキ, a cooking technique where fish or meat is being broiled/grilled in a sweet soy sauce marinade; in Japanese, it is used exclusively refer to poultry cooked in this manner.
tofu 豆腐 tōfu  bean curd. Although the word is originally Chinese, it entered English via Japanese.
udo ウド or 独活, an edible plant found on the slopes of wooded embankments, also known as the Japanese Spikenard
udon うどん or 饂飩, a type of thick wheat-based noodle
umami 旨味 or うま味,  the taste sensation produced by some condiments such as monosodium glutamate; a basic flavor in sea weed (昆布 kombu)
umeboshi 梅干, pickled ume
wakame ワカメ or 若布, a type of edible kelp, often used in miso soup (Japan), and salads
wasabi わさび or 山葵, a strongly flavoured green condiment also known as Japanese horseradish
yakitori 焼き鳥 or 焼鳥, a type of chicken kebab.

Government and politics
 daimyō 大名 daimyō, "great names"; the most powerful Japanese feudal rulers from the 12th century to the 19th century
 genro 元老 genrō, retired elder Japanese statesmen, who served as informal advisors to the emperor, during the Meiji and Taisho eras
 mikado 帝, a dated term for "emperor"; specifically for the Emperor of Japan
 rōnin 浪人, a samurai without a lord or master
 shogun 将軍 shōgun , the title of the practical ruler of Japan for most of the time from 1192 to the Meiji Era
 tenno 天皇, a term for the Emperor of Japan

Martial arts

 aikido 合気道 aikidō
 dojo 道場 dōjō
 judo 柔道 jūdō, refers to the Olympic sport.
 jujutsu 柔術 jūjutsu, alternately spelt, through mutation, as jiu-jitsu in English.
 karate 空手 a fighting style which includes the use of hands and feet to strike the opponent, without any weapon, and is also a popular international sports event. Literally means "empty handed".
 kendo 剣道 kendō
 sumo 相撲 sumō

Religion
 bonze (from 凡僧 bonsō), a Buddhist monk
 koan 公案 kōan, a paradoxical story or statement used during meditation in Zen Buddhism. Inspired the hacker koan tradition among computing circles.
 satori 悟り, enlightenment in Zen Buddhism
 shinto 神道 shintō, the native religion of Japan
 torii 鳥居, traditional Japanese gates commonly found at the gateway to Shinto shrines
 zen  禅, from Chinese 禪 (Mandarin Chán), originally from ध्यान Sanskrit Dhyāna / Pali झान Jhāna, a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism.

Other

ahegao
アヘ顔, a facial expression in pornographic animation and manga usually depicted when someone is having an orgasm
akita
秋田 (from 秋田犬, akitainu or akitaken), the Akita Inu, a large breed of Japanese dog
baka
(馬鹿, ばか in hiragana, or バカ in katakana) means "fool", "silly", "stupid", or "foolish" and is the most frequently used pejorative term in the Japanese language.
bukkake ぶっかけ, a sex act portrayed in pornographic films, in which several men ejaculate on a woman, or another man. Note that in Japanese it has a broader meaning of "to pour" or "to splash".
domoic acid (from ドウモイ doumoi in the Tokunoshima dialect of Japanese: a type of red algae)
emoji 絵文字,  ideograms used in electronic messages and webpages.
futon (from 布団, a flat mattress with a fabric exterior stuffed with cotton, wool, or synthetic batting that makes up a Japanese bed.)
gaijin 外人, lit. outsider/alien is a Japanese word for foreigners and non-Japanese. The word is typically used to refer to foreigners of non-Asian ethnicities.
geisha 芸者, traditional Japanese artist-entertainers
hentai 変態 , Western usage: pornographic Anime, usually either Japanese in origin or drawn in a Japanese style; Japanese usage: metamorphosis, transformation, abnormality, or perversion
hikikomori ひきこもり or 引き籠もり, a psychological condition where the affected individual lives an extremely socially isolated lifestyle by preference, not by default (compare NEET)

 honcho 班長 hanchō, head, chief
 kamikaze 神風, the literal meaning is "divine wind"; used to refer to a Japanese soldier in World War II who crashed an airplane into a target, committing suicide; also refers to the airplane used in the suicide crash
 katana  (from かたな literally sword) A Japanese sword that has been forged using traditional Japanese methods. This is referred to as 日本刀 (nihontō) in Japanese.
 katsura (tree)  桂, large deciduous trees, native to eastern Asia
 kawaii  可愛い, cute and/or lovely. (English IPA ː )
 koi  鯉, Western usage: ornamental varieties of the common carp (but in Japan this just means "carp" – the ornamental variety are called "nishikigoi" 錦鯉)
 kokoro  こころ, affectionate heart in the context of "spirit", "resolve", "courage", "sentiment", or "the heart of things"
 kudzu  (from 葛 or クズ kuzu) A climbing vine found as an invasive species in the south-eastern US, which is native to Japan and south-eastern China
 moxa  もぐさ or 艾 mogusa, mugwort or cotton wool or other combustible material, burned on skin during moxibustion
 moxibustion  (from moxa + (com)bustion), an oriental medicine therapy which involves the burning of moxa (see above)
 ninja  Japanese covert agent of the feudal era
 rickshaw  (from 人力車 jinrikisha/ninryokusha), a human-pulled wagon
 sayonara  左様なら or さようなら sayōnara the Japanese term for "goodbye"
 samurai  侍 or 士, Japanese knight
 sensei  先生, the Japanese term for "master", "teacher" or "doctor". It can be used to refer to any authority figure, such as a schoolteacher, professor, priest, or politician.
 senpai  先輩, the Japanese term for "upperclassman" or "senior".
 shiatsu  指圧, a form of massage
 shiba inu  柴犬, the smallest of the six original and distinct Japanese breeds of dog
 shinro しんろ, a logic puzzle related to sudoku
 skosh A small amount, from 少し or すこし sukoshi, meaning "a bit" or "a few"
 sudoku   数独 sūdoku , a number placement puzzle, also known as Number Place in the United States.
 tanuki  狸, the Japanese name for the animal, Nyctereutes procyonoides, known as a Japanese raccoon dog in English
 tsunami  津波, literally "harbor wave"; Large wave caused by earthquakes or other underwater disturbances. (English IPA ː )
 tsuresari 連れ去り, abducting or kidnapping a child by the parent while defying the rights of the other parent.
 urushiol  (from 漆 or うるし urushi, a plant that gives a skin rash on contact) a chemical substance found in poison-ivy, used to make lacquer-ware

References

See also

 Glossary of anime and manga
 Japanese words of English origin
 Cuisine of Japan
 :Category:Japanese food preparation utensils
Etiquette in Japan
Japanese honorifics
Aizuchi
Japanese pronouns

English
Japanese

List of English words of Japanese origin


Tan Yujiao (en ), née le  à Shaoshan (Hunan), est une haltérophile handisport chinoise concourant en -67 kg. Elle est double championne paralympique (2016, 2020) et triple championne du monde (2014, 2017, 2019).

Carrière
À l'âge de 7 ans, on lui diagnostique une ostéomyélite au niveau du pied droit qui nécessite une intervention chirurgicale, pied qu'elle se fracture quelques mois plus tard et qui entraînement un mauvais développement de sa jambe droite.

Tan fait ses débuts aux Jeux paralympiques en 2012 où elle monte sur la  marche du podium derrière la Française Souhad Ghazouani. Deux ans plus tard, elle bat le record du monde de sa catégorie en soulevant 134.5 kg lors des Mondiaux 2014. Aux Jeux de 2016, elle décroche le titre avec le record du monde et le record paralympique à la clef.

Pour les Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020, elle réussit à conserver son titre en -67 kg. Quelques semaines plus tard, elle ne réussi pas à conserver son titre mondial et est battue par la Nigériane Lucy Ogechukwu Ejike qui réussit à soulever 126 kg, soit un kilo de plus que la Chinoise.

Références

Liens externes

Haltérophile chinoise
Championne paralympique d'haltérophilie
Championne paralympique chinoise
Médaillée d'argent paralympique chinoise
Haltérophile (femme) aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2012
Haltérophile (femme) aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2016
Haltérophile (femme) aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020
Naissance en octobre 1990
Naissance dans la province du Hunan

Tan Yujiao


The Hawthorns er knattspyrnuvöllur liðsins West Bromwich Albion og tekur 26.688 í sæti. Hann hefur verið heimavöllur liðsins frá árinu 1900.

Stofnað 1900
Ensk margnota íþróttamannvirki

The Hawthorns


Karabalyk (en kazajo Қарабалық ауданы, en ruso Karabalykskiy) es uno de los 16 distritos en los que se divide la provincia de Kostanay, Kazajistán.

Población

Según el Censo de 1999, tenía 43.145 habitantes. Para el Censo de 2009 se había registrado un importante descenso de la población y se contabilizaron 31.399 habitantes.

Referencias

Provincia de Kostanay

Karabalyk


An Poa yaganica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlo Luigi Carlos Luis Spegazzini. An Poa yaganica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Poa

Poa yaganica


Acosmium, biljni rod iz porodice mahunarki. Postojalo je desetak priznatih vrsta na istoku i jugu Brazila i Boliviji., ali je većina premještena u rod Leptolobium i po jedna u Guianodendron,  Haematoxylum i Tachigali.

Danas se 4 vrste uključuju u ovaj rod

Vrste
 Acosmium cardenasii H.S.Irwin & Arroyo
 Acosmium diffusissimum (Mohlenbr.) Yakovlev
 Acosmium lentiscifolium Schott
 Acosmium tomentellum (Mohlenbr.) Yakovlev
Sinonimi
 Acosmium bijugum (Vogel) Yakovlev  sinonim za Leptolobium bijugum Vogel
 Acosmium brachystachyum  (Benth.) Yakovlev sinonim za  Leptolobium brachystachyum (Benth.) Sch.Rodr. & A.M.G.Azevedo
 Acosmium dasycarpum  (Vogel) Yakovlev sinonim za  Leptolobium dasycarpum Vogel
 Acosmium fallax  (Taub.) Yakovlev sinonim za   Acosmium lentiscifolium Schott
 Acosmium glaziovianum  (Harms) Yakovlev sinonim za  Leptolobium glaziovianum (Harms) Sch.Rodr. & A.M.G.Azevedo
 Acosmium mohlenbrockii  Yakovlev sinonim za   Tachigali aurea Tul.
 Acosmium nitens  (Vogel) Yakovlev sinonim za  Leptolobium nitens Vogel
 Acosmium panamense (Benth.) Yakovlev  sinonim za   Leptolobium panamense (Benth.) Sch.Rodr. & A.M.G.Azevedo
 Acosmium parvifolium  (Harms) Yakovlev sinonim za   Leptolobium parvifolium (Harms) Sch.Rodr. & A.M.G.Azevedo
 Acosmium praeclarum (Sandwith) Yakovlev sinonim za  Guianodendron praeclarum (Sandwith) Sch.Rodr. & A.M.G.Azevedo
 Acosmium stirtonii Aymard & V.González sinonim za   Leptolobium stirtonii (Aymard & V.González) Sch.Rodr. & A.M.G.Azevedo
 Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenbr.) Yakovlev sinonim za  Leptolobium elegans Vogel
 Acosmium tenuifolium (Vogel) Yakovlev  sinonim za   Leptolobium tenuifolium Vogel
 Acosmium trichonema  Rizzini sinonim za   Haematoxylum campechianum L.

Izvori

Faboideae

Acosmium


ගෞරවණීය ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණ විනිසුරු ප්‍රියන්ත ජයවර්ධන (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Priyantha Jayawardena) යනු  ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණ විනිසුරු  වරයෙකි. තවද ඔහු ජනාධිපති නීතිඥ වරයෙකි.

ජීවන සටහන්

ප්‍රියන්ත ජයවර්ධන  කොළඹ නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලයයේ ආදි සිසුවෙකි.

ආශ්‍රිත
  ප්‍රියන්ත ජයවර්ධන ගේ ඉංග්‍රීසි විකිපීඩියා පිටුව
 කොළඹ නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලයයේ ආදි සිසු නීතිඥයින් හා විනිශ්චයකාරවරුන්

චරිත කතා
ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයෝ
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික බෞද්ධයෝ
ලාංකික සිංහලයෝ
ආදි නාලන්දියයෝ

ප්‍රියන්ත ජයවර්ධන


Zdrav razum dobra je praktična prosudba o svakodnevnim stvarima ili osnovna sposobnost opažanja, razumijevanja i prosuđivanja koju dijele gotovo svi ljudi. Prva vrsta zdravog razuma, dobar razum, može se opisati kao "smisao da se stvari vide onakvima kakve jesu i da se stvari rade onako kako bi trebale biti učinjene". Drugi tip ponekad se opisuje kao narodna mudrost, "označavajući nereflektirajuće znanje koje ne ovisi o specijaliziranoj obuci ili promišljenom razmišljanju". Dvije su vrste isprepletene, jer je osoba koja ima zdrav razum u dodiru s idejama zdravog razuma, koje proizlaze iz proživljenih iskustava ljudi koji su dovoljno zdravorazumski da ih poznaju.

Zdravorazumsko svakodnevno razumijevanje proizlazi iz povijesne filozofske rasprave koja obuhvaća nekoliko europskih jezika. Srodni izrazi na drugim jezicima uključuju latinski "sensus communis", grčki "αἴσθησις κοινὴ" (aísthēsis koinḕ) i francuski "bon sens", ali to nisu izravni prijevodi u svim kontekstima. Slično, u engleskom jeziku postoje različite nijanse značenja, što implicira više ili manje obrazovanja i mudrosti: "dobar razum" ponekad se smatra ekvivalentom "zdravom razumu", a ponekad nije.

Aristotel, prva osoba za koju se zna da je raspravljala o "zdravom razumu", opisao ga je kao sposobnost kojom životinje i ljudi obrađuju osjetilne percepcije, sjećanja i maštu (grč.: φρονεῖν, phroneîn) kako bi došle do mnogih vrsta osnovnih prosudbi. Prema njegovoj shemi, samo ljudi imaju stvarno obrazloženo razmišljanje (νοεῖν, noeîn), što ih vodi dalje od njihova zdravog razuma.

"Zdrav razum" također ima najmanje dva posebna filozofska značenja. Jedna je sposobnost duše (ψῡχή, psūkhḗ) koju je predložio Aristotel, koja omogućuje različitim individualnim osjetilima da kolektivno percipiraju karakteristike fizičkih stvari, kao što su kretanje i veličina, koje sve fizičke stvari imaju u različitim kombinacijama, omogućujući ljudima i životinjama razlikovanje i prepoznavanje fizičkih stvari. Ovaj zdravi razum razlikuje se od osnovne osjetilne percepcije i ljudskog racionalnog razmišljanja, ali surađuje s oboje.

Od prosvjetiteljstva, izraz "zdrav razum" često se koristio za retorički učinak, ponekad pejorativno, a ponekad kao pozitivno pozivanje na autoritet. Može se negativno izjednačiti s vulgarnim predrasudama i praznovjerjem. Često im se pozitivno suprotstavlja kao standard dobrog ukusa i kao izvor najtemeljnijih aksioma potrebnih znanosti i logici. Početkom 18. stoljeća, ovaj stari filozofski pojam prvi put je dobio svoje moderno značenje: "Te jednostavne, samoočigledne istine ili konvencionalne mudrosti, za koje nije potrebna nikakva sofisticiranost za razumijevanje i nikakav dokaz da bi bile prihvaćene upravo zato što se tako dobro uklapaju u osnovne (zdravorazumske) intelektualne sposobnosti i iskustva cjelokupnog društvenog tijela."

Polemički pamflet Thomasa Painea "Zdrav razum" (1776.) opisan je kao najutjecajniji politički pamflet 18. stoljeća, koji je utjecao na američku i francusku revoluciju. Danas je koncept zdravog razuma i kako ga najbolje koristiti i dalje vezan za mnoge od najtrajnijih tema u epistemologiji i etici, s posebnim fokusom često usmjerenim na filozofiju modernih društvenih znanosti.

Izvori

Filozofija
Retorika

Zdrav razum


El síndrome de Frey, también conocido como síndrome de Baillarger, síndrome de Dupuy, síndrome auriculotemporal o síndrome de Frey-Baillarger es un síndrome relacionado con la ingesta, que puede ser congénito o adquirido, especialmente tras cirugía de la parótida, y que puede persistir de por vida. Su nombre viene de la neuróloga polaca Łucja Frey-Gottesman, quien lo describió en 1923.

Clínica
Los síntomas del síndrome de Frey son rubor y sudoración de la mejilla, en el área adyacente a la oreja. Pueden aparecer cuando la persona afectada come, ve, sueña, piensa o habla sobre ciertos tipos de comida que producen una fuerte salivación.

Causas
El síndrome de Frey aparece a menudo como un efecto secundario de la cirugía de la glándula parótida, debido al daño del nervio auriculotemporal, rama colateral del nervio trigémino. Esta rama contiene fibras simpáticas que inervan las glándulas sudoríparas del cuero cabelludo y fibras parasimpáticas que inervan la parótida. Al dañar este nervio, y como resultado de una reparación defectuosa, las fibras pueden entrecruzarse de forma que el estímulo salival produzca sudor en lugar de la respuesta salival normal. También se ve habitualmente en pacientes que han sido sometidos a una simpatectomía torácica endoscópica, un procedimiento quirúrgico que corta parte del tronco simpático para tratar la hiperhidrosis de las manos o los ataques de rubor. La regeneración anormal de las ramas nerviosas produce sudoración y salivación anormales. También puede producir rinorrea en respuesta al olor de algunos alimentos.

En niños, el síndrome de Frey es una entidad rara que se presenta generalmente de forma secundaria a traumatismos obstétricos, consecuencia de partos instrumentales con uso de fórceps. Aunque la etiología no es del todo conocida, la ausencia de otros antecedentes traumáticos, quirúrgicos o tumorales apunta como causa del cuadro clínico a una regeneración aberrante del nervio aurículotemporal dañado en el parto. En los casos donde no existe tal antecedente, se propone como posible etiología una conexión nerviosa aberrante de origen congénito.

Tratamiento
Se pueden optar por varios tipos diferentes de tratamiento:
 Inyección de toxina botulínica del tipo A
 Corte quirúrgico de las fibras nerviosas (tratamiento temporal)
 Aplicación de pomadas con fármacos anticolinérgicos como la escopolamina.

Referencias

Enfermedades epónimas
Enfermedades raras
Síndromes del sistema nervioso

Síndrome de Frey


යුරෝපා දිනය යුරෝපයේ දී වාර්ෂික ව සැමරෙන සාමයේ හා එක්සත් භාවයේ සැමරුමකි. වෙනස් දින දෙකක් තුළ යුරෝපා දිනය සැමරේ: යුරෝපා කවුන්සිලය විසින් මැයි 5 , යුරෝපා සංගමය විසින් මැයි 9. යුරෝපා සංගමය විසින් මෙම දිනය ශූමන් දිනය ලෙස ද හැඳින්වෙයි, ඒ ප්‍රංශ විදේශ ඇමති රොබට් ශූමන් මහතාගේ ඓතිහාසික ප්‍රකාශනය අනුස්මරණය කරමිනි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

යුරෝපා දිනය


Varbóc é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 55 habitantes.

Localidades de Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén

Varbóc


Dichanthelium, rod trava smješten u podtribus Dichantheliinae, dio tribusa Paniceae, potporodica Panicoideae. Pripada mu 107 vrsta raširenih po Sjevernoj i Južnoj Americi

Vrste

 Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv.) Gould & C.A.Clark
 Dichanthelium aculeatum (Hitchc. & Chase) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A.Clark
 Dichanthelium adenorhachis (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium aequivaginatum (Swallen) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium angustifolium (Elliott) Gould
 Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium arenicola A.O.Matos & R.P.Oliveira
 Dichanthelium arenicoloides (Ashe) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium assurgens (Renvoize) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium barbadense Salariato, Morrone & Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium bicknellii (Nash) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark
 Dichanthelium breve (Hitchc. & Chase) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium cabrerae (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium caerulescens (Hack. ex Hitchc.) Correll
 Dichanthelium caparaoense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium chamaelonche (Trin.) Freckmann & Lelong
 Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould
 Dichanthelium columbianum (Scribn.) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.) Gould
 Dichanthelium congestum (Renvoize) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium consanguineum (Kunth) Gould & C.A.Clark
 Dichanthelium cryptanthum (Ashe) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium cucaense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium cumbucanum (Renvoize) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium curtifolium (Nash) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium cynodon (Reichardt) C.A.Clark & Gould
 Dichanthelium davidsei (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould
 Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould
 Dichanthelium ensifolium (Baldwin ex Elliott) Gould
 Dichanthelium erectifolium (Nash) Gould & C.A.Clark
 Dichanthelium filiramum (Ashe) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium glabrifolium (Nash) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium hebotes (Trin.) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium heliophilum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium hillebrandianum (C.L.Hitchc.) C.A.Clark & Gould
 Dichanthelium hirstii (Swallen) Kartesz
 Dichanthelium implicatum (Scribn.) Kerguélen
 Dichanthelium inflatum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) J.R.Thomas
 Dichanthelium isachnoides (Hildebr.) C.A.Clark & Gould
 Dichanthelium itatiaiae (Swallen) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium koolauense (H.St.John & Hosaka) C.A.Clark & Gould
 Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould
 Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Harvill
 Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould
 Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium leucothrix (Nash) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould
 Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould
 Dichanthelium longiligulatum (Nash) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium lucidum (Ashe) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium macrospermum Gould
 Dichanthelium malacon (Nash) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould
 Dichanthelium mattamuskeetense (Ashe) Mohlenbr.
 Dichanthelium meridionale (Ashe) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium microcarpon (Muhl. ex Elliott) Mohlenbr.
 Dichanthelium multiglandulosum Sánchez-Ken
 Dichanthelium mundum (Fernald) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium neuranthum (Griseb.) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium nodatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould
 Dichanthelium nudicaule (Vasey) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin
 Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould
 Dichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark
 Dichanthelium ovinum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Wipff & R.B.Shaw
 Dichanthelium peristypum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium petropolitanum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium pinetorum (Swallen) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium polyanthes (Schult.) Mohlenbr.
 Dichanthelium portoricense (Desv.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin
 Dichanthelium praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Mohlenbr.
 Dichanthelium pycnoclados (Tutin) Davidse
 Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould
 Dichanthelium recognitum (Fernald) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium roanokense (Ashe) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & C.A.Clark
 Dichanthelium scabriusculum (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark
 Dichanthelium sciurotis (Trin.) Davidse
 Dichanthelium sciurotoides (Zuloaga & Morrone) Davidse
 Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould
 Dichanthelium scribnerianum (Nash) J.R.Thomas
 Dichanthelium sendulskyae (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould
 Dichanthelium sphagnicola (Nash) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium spretum (Schult.) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium stigmosum (Trin.) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium stipiflorum (Renvoize) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium strigosum (Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium subvillosum (Ashe) Mohlenbr.
 Dichanthelium superatum Hack.) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium surrectum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium telmatum (Swallen) Zuloaga
 Dichanthelium tenue (Muhl.) Freckmann & Lelong
 Dichanthelium thermale (Bol.) J.R.Thomas
 Dichanthelium transiens (Swallen) Sánchez-Ken
 Dichanthelium umbonulatum (Swallen) Davidse
 Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium viscidellum (Scribn.) Gould
 Dichanthelium webberianum (Nash) LeBlond
 Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vasey) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium wrightianum (Scribn.) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A.Gray) Freckmann
 Dichanthelium yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbr.

Izvori

Dichantheliinae

Dichanthelium


قبيلة زهران  هي قبيلة أزدية عربية، ويتواجدون اليوم بالسعودية في عدة مدن، وموطنهم الأصلي منطقة الباحة.

نسب وأولاد زهران
 هم بنو: زهران بن كعب بن الحارث بن كعب بن عبد الله بن مالك بن نصر بن الأزد بن الغوث بن نبت بن مالك بن زيد بن كهلان بن سبأ بن يشجب بن يعرب بن قحطان.
واختلف النسابة في النسب بعد قحطان، وفي ذلك قال البلاذري: . قال هشام الكلبي كان أبي محمد بن السائب الكلبي والشرقي بن القطامي يقولان: . وقال صاحب الطبقات الكبير:. وقال المبرد:.
 لـزهران من الأولاد ستة هم:
 عبد الله.
 نصر.
 النمر.
 مالك.
 عبرة.
 صقل.

فأما صقل والنمر فلم تشتهر ذريتاهما واشتهرت ذرية زهران من أبنائه: عبد الله ونصر ومالك وعبرة. ومن بطون قبيلة زهران القديمة: دوس والغطاريف والفراهيد والحدان والجهاضم والأشاقر والقسامل واليحمد.

فروع قبيلة زهران المعاصرة
تنقسم قبيلة زهران حاليا إلى:
 ، ومنهم: بنو حسن، وبيضان، وبلخزمر، وكنانة (وهم غير قبيلة كنانة العدنانية)، وبنو عامر، والأحلاف.
  (وهم غير قبيلة قبيلة بني سليم العدنانية) ومنهم: بالطفيل، بالمفضل، وبنو عطاء، وآل مقبل، وآل سهلة، وآل يحمد، وآل سعدي، وال سوادة، والمشاييخ.
 ، ومنهم: الجبر، وآل سويدي، وبنو جندب، وبنو حرير، وبنو بشير، وبنو عدوان (وهم غير قبيلة عدوان العدنانية)، وقبيلة قريش وهم احلاف من بني مخزوم قبل إلاسلام وانضم إليهم الأشراف بعد الإسلام (الهاشميين).
 ، ومنهم: بنو منهب، وآل عياش، وبنو علي، وبنو فهم (وهم غير قبيلة فهم العدنانية).
 ، ومنهم: بنو عمر، وبنو عمر العلي، وبنو عمر أهل ناوان.
 بنو مفرج: أبناء مفرج بن مالك بن زهران بن أزد. ويسكنون العراق.

من أعلام قبيلة زهران
 بخروش بن علاس، أمير زهران وقائداً من قادة الدولة السعودية الأولى.

بلاد زهران تقع في (منطقة الباحة)

تسكن قبيلة زهران منطقة الباحة أصغر مناطق المملكة العربية السعودية وتقع بلاد زهران ضمن إقليمي:
 الحجاز  وهو المكان المرتفع بين إقليمي نجد وتهامة وتسمى سراة زهران.
 تهامة وهو المكان المنخفض والمتدرج الارتفاع بين الحجاز والبحر الأحمر وتسمى تهامة زهران.

الحدود

المواقع تاريخية
والواقع أن هناك عدة مواقع تاريخية في شمال منطقة الباحة، ربما مازالت مجهولة عن كثير من الناس وهي:
 1 – معشوقة في بيدة
 2 – أمّ الجنادل (فرشة السود) في منحل.
 3 – نقبة حديّد (طلعة جبلٍ ذُبح فيها الخونة وهي بين المَعْدى وأم الجنادل).
 4 – القبور المثمرة على ماء المعدي وكانت حوالي 40 قبراً في منحل. وربما هناك من يسأل .. لماذا نَقمَ عابدين بك من بخروش ومن محمد علي باشا؟ يجيب الشيخ محمد قائلاً :كان ذلك بسبب ما جرى من مذبحة في القاعدة الحربية التركية القريبة من بلدة الصور في بلاد بالحارث، واسمها (قاعدة عابدين) وسميت باسم الزعيم عابدين بك لشهرته وأدواره، حيث أغار عليها في ليلة سوداء القائد بخروش بن علاس, وقتل معظم جنودها بالسيوف والخناجر، وكانوا من الأرناؤوط الألبان، وهم في الواقع جماعة محمد علي باشا، الذي يعود أصله إلى ألبانيا، وقد كانت ألبانيا والبوسنة والهرسك وكثير من بلدان أوروبا الشرقية تحت حكم العثمانيين. والواقع أنه لم ينج من مذبحة قاعدة عابدين تلك إلا القليل، الذين فروا مذعورين إلى الطائف، ونتيجة لتلك الضربة المؤلمة على الأتراك من قبل بخروش كان غضب ونقمة الزعيم عابدين بك، الأمر الذي جعله يصمم على التخطيط لمعركة أم الجنادل انتقاماً من بخروش، لكنه وقع في شر أعماله فقد هُزم الجيش التركي كما أسلفنا، وأُصيب خلالها الزعيم عابدين نفسه اصابة بليغة مات على إثرها في مكة، وإن كان محمد علي باشا قد زعم أن موت عابدين كان بسبب الكوليرا.

الأعراف والتقاليد
 العزير: هو غير التعزير ويطبق العزير في حق شخص ارتكب عملا مخالفا لنظام القبيلة في حالة اعتدائه على أحد بضرب أو شتم فانه يعزر وفي تكرار دخول غنمه في حمى الجماعة أو قطعت شيئا من الأخشاب المحمية كما يطبق العزير على نساء القبيلة في حالة المضاربة والشجار والشتم وأي عمل يخالف نظام القبيلة أو الجماعة والعزير أعلاه أن يذبح ثور أو بقرة وأدناه شاة أو مبلغ من المال يسلم لشيخ القبيلة أو عريفة الجماعة ويوضع عنده باسم الجماعة ويسمى الوضيع وتتجاوز القبيلة في الأشياء البسيطة.
 العلق أو المعدال: من المعلقات كأنه اسم مشتق منها والعلق من الأشياء الثمينة التي يفخر بها الإنسان مثل البندقية أو السيف أو الجنبية والخنجر ومثل هذه الأشياء تعلق دائما في صدر المجلس للفخر والتباهي بها أمام الناس فمن عادات هذه القبائل عندما يدعى إنسان على آخر مثلا يقول فلان شتمني أو شتم قبيلتي فيرد عليه الخصم بقوله هذا معدالي أو هذا علقي فيما خف أو ثقل ويضع العلق أو المعدال عند أعيان القبيلة أو القرية أو العريفة ثم تحضر الأطراف المعنية ويجرى التحقيق في الموضوع فان ثبتت دعواه فعلى المدعى علية القيام بالخاتمة وإذا لم تثبت دعواه وأخذ يمين المدعي علية فلا يلزمه شيء أما إذا اتضح أنه كاذب في دعواه فعلية خاتمة بنظر القبيلة.
 الخاتمة: إذا تحقق للقبيلة أو الجماعة أن أحد أفرادها أرتكب جرما بأن ضرب أو شتم أو أساء على أحد أفراد قبيلة أخرى أو جماعة أخرى تذهب القبيلة إلى القبيلة الأخرى فيستقبلونهم بالترحيب والتكريم ويقول شيخ القبيلة أو العريفة لمضيفيهم نحن معترفون بالخطأ وجئنا مختمين ومستعدين لما يلزم فيجيب الطرف الآخر بالترحيب ويقول مادام وصلتم فوق فرشنا فنحن مسامحين لكم ثم تتبادل الضيفة والفادة والكرم بين القبيلتين وهكذا تكون المودة والمحبة بين الجيران وأبناء العم.
 المباركة: هو مبلغ من المال تدفعه الجماعة لجماعة أخرى بمناسبة زواج أحد أفرادها من أحد بنات تلك القبيلة القرية أو الجماعة الواحدة وبهذه المناسبة تقول الوفود جئناكم محيين ومسلمين ومباركين في زواج فلان وهذا المبلغ نقدمه لكم معروف أو مباركة من الجماعة وهكذا فيقابلهم جماعة المتزوج بالرحيب والتكريم.
 النيبة: أو الخطة هي مقررة على المزارعين وملاك الأراضي الزراعية وكل ما زادت ملكية الأراضي عند أحد أفراد القبيلة زادت علية النيبة وتأخذ هذه النيبة أو الخطة دورتها بين الملاك فعندما يأتي ضيوف عند الجماعة يتساءل الجماعة عند من هي النيبة؟ فيقال عند فلان فيكلف بذبح شاة أو شاتين على حسب المقرر علية وتقدم للضيوف باسم الجماعة.
 الوضيع: هو عبارة عن مبالغ من المال تجمع من تبرعات الجماعة أو القبيلة ومن مبيعاتها الفائضة من مدخول الجماعة وتوضع عند شيخ القبيلة أو عريفة الجماعة ويؤخذ من الوضيع عند احتياج الجماعة.
 الفرقة: هي نوع من التكافل الاجتماعي بين القبيلة أو الجماعة وتكون الفرقة عند الجماعة في حالة الكوارث والنكبات والمناسبات الكبيرة فالجماعة عند حدوث كارثة أو مناسبة كبيرة لا يكفي الوضيع لسدادها تجمع القبيلة مبلغ لسداد المبلغ المقرر على القبيلة أو الجماعة وهذا يسمى الفرقة.
 الغرم: نوع من المساعدات يقدمه الجماعة لأحد أفرادها عندما يحصل علية حدث أما حريق أو يموت جمله أو ثورة بسبب من الأسباب فالجماعة يقدمون له مبلغا من المال ويقولون له الله يخلف عليك.
 الحمى: طبعا معروف وهو أن تقوم القبيلة أو الجماعة بفرض الحماية لجزء من ديارها وعندما يفرض الحمى يمتنع كل أفراد الجماعة من الرعي حول الحمى والذي تدخل غنمه الحمى عن طريق الخطأ ينذر وإذا تكرر ذلك يعزر أي يقرر عليه الجزاء وكذالك من يقطع شيئا من الخشب عليه جزاء حسب ما يقرره الجماعة.
 الطعمة: هي من الطعام من البر أو الشعير أو الذرة والدخن وغيرها من أنواع الطعام وتكون غالبا عند الحصاد يقدمها القريب لقريبة والصديق لصديقة والجار لجارة وتسمى الطعمة.
 الشكادة: هي أيضا من الطعام وتعطي الشكادة للمحتاجين عند حصاد الزرع ويذهب المحتاجون إلى المزارع عند الحصاد فيعطونهم من تلك المحاصيل ما تيسر وهذه يسمونها شكادة.
 الفريكة: هي من الزرع من البر أو الشعير عند انعقاده وبداية نضجه فيفرك ويؤكل وهذا ما يسمونه الفريكة.
 الوسية: هي المواساة عندما يحصل حذفه أو ضربة من أحد الجماعة على آخر من أفراد القبيلة أو جيرانها عن طريق الخطأ يقول جماعة الجاني لجماعة المجني عليه لكم علينا الوسية في مثل هذه الجناية.

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المراجع

أزديون
قبائل أزدية
قبائل الإمارات العربية المتحدة
قبائل السعودية
قبائل جنوب السعودية
قبائل حجازية
قبائل عربية
قبائل عمانية
قحطان

قبيلة زهران


Spirit kan henvise til:

 Spirit (tegneserie) – af Will Eisner
 Spirit (rumsonde) – rover sendt til Mars

Film
 The Spirit (film) – fra 2008, baseret på tegneserien af Will Eisner, instrueret af Frank Miller
 Spirit - Hingsten fra Cimarron – animationsfilm fra 2002 af DreamWorks Pictures

Musik
 Spirit (Depeche Mode album)  – fra 2017

Spirit


Carpoxylinae, podtribus palmi, dio tribusa Areceae, potporodica Arecoideae. Sastoji se od tri  roda čije vrste rastu po pacifičkim otocima: Fidži, Vanuatu i Ryukyu

Rodovi
 Carpoxylon H.Wendl. & Drude
 Neoveitchia Becc.
 Satakentia H.E.Moore

Izvori

Areceae

Carpoxylinae


يزخر المطبخ الليبي بالكثير من أنواع الفطائر ومن هذة الفطائر (الفطيرة الليبية)، وهي نوع من الوجبات الخفيفة والمنتشرة في كثير من دول العالم بمقادير تختلف أحيانا وتتشابة أحيانا أخرى.

مقادير
 لحم وطني
 شحم
 بصل (راسين)
 طماطم (حبتين)
 ملح
 فلفل احمر أو اخضر (قرنين)
 بهارات
 خبزة قنان (خبزة ليبية ذات لون أبيض وشكل دائري بحجم الكف)

طريقة التحضير
 يفرم اللحم والشحم، البصل، فلفل، طماطم
 يخلط الكل مع الملح والبهارات
 تحشى الخلطة في قلب خبزة القنان وتوضع في الفرن على درجة حرارة متوسطة حتى تستوي ثم تقدم للاكل

مطبخ ليبي

فطيرة ليبية


Das Fürstenhaus Trojekurow () stellt den älteren Zweig der Jaroslawler Dynastie des Rurikiden dar.

Abstammung
Das Fürstenhaus Trojekurow stammt vom dritten Sohn des Jaroslawler Teilfürsten Lew Romanowitsch († ca. 1490) ab, dem Fürsten Michail Lwowitsch von Jaroslawl († nach 1516), genannt "Trojekur".Michails Lwowitschs Apanage bestand aus einem weitläufigen Gebiet mit mehreren Dörfern und Zentrum in Burmakino an den Ufern der Tunoschonka (auch 'Tunoscha' genannt), eines rechten Zuflusses der Wolga östlich von Jaroslawl.

Seinen Nachkommen gelang es, diese Herrschaft bis zum Erlöschen ihrer Linie in ihrem Besitz zu behalten. Da der Fürst Michail Lwowitsch Trojekur noch als apanagierter Fürst in die Moskauer Dienste eintrat, erhielt er den höchsten Rang, den der Großfürst von Moskau zu vergeben hatte, den eines Bojaren. Auch seine Nachkommen bekleideten die obersten Ämter am Moskauer Zarenhof sowie in der Militärhierarchie und der Administration des Moskauer Staates und später des Russischen Reiches: Das Fürstenhaus Trojekurow stellte für die Zarendienste stets Bojaren, Okolnitschis, Wojewoden und Stolniks.

Stammgeschichte

Durch die Jahrhunderte hindurch behielt das Fürstenhaus Trojekurow eine überschaubare Anzahl an Mitgliedern in der jeweiligen Generation bei, was dazu führte, dass das Hausgut kaum von den Erbteilungen berührt blieb. Das Fürstenhaus verfügte über ein beträchtliches Landeigentum sowohl in der alten Jaroslawler Apanage, vor allem Burmakino, als auch in den (späteren) Gouvernements Moskau, Kaluga, Rjasan und Tambow. Der Moskauer Großfürst belehnte den Fürsten Michail Lwowitsch Trojekur mit der Herrschaft Suponewo im Ujesd Swenigorod, die er an seinen dritten Sohn, den Bojaren Fürsten Michail Michailowitsch Trojekurow († nach 1567) mit Beinamen "Achmet" vererbte. Da dessen ältester Enkel, Fürst Roman Fjodorowitsch Trojekurow († 1620), der die besagte Herrschaft erbte, ohne Nachkommen verstarb, fiel diese an die Krone zurück.

In Moskau besaß das Fürstenhaus Trojekurow eine repräsentative Stadtresidenz in der Nähe des Kreml, an der Straße Ochotny Rjad, die bereits sein Stammvater Fürst Michail Lwowitsch Trojekur erbauten ließ. Sein ältester Sohn, Fürst Iwan Michailowitsch Trojekurow († 1564), erbte diese Residenz nebst Burmakino und wurde 1550 vom Zaren mit einem Dienstgut mit der Fläche von 200 Tschetwerten (etwa 109 ha) im Ujesd Moskau belehnt. 1554 erhielt auch er den Rang eines Bojaren. Sein Sohn Fürst Fjodor Iwanowitsch Trojekurow († 1568) fiel dem Terror des Zaren Iwan des Schrecklichen zum Opfer. Fjodors Sohn Iwan scheint noch im jungen Alter gestorben zu sein.

Der Stamm wurde durch die Nachkommen des bereits erwähnten Fürsten Michail Michailowitsch Trojekurow, genannt "Achmet", fortgeführt. Sein ältester Sohn, Fürst Wassili Michailowitsch Trojekurow, starb nach 1586 ohne Nachkommen. Dessen jüngerer Bruder, Fürst Fjodor Michailowitsch Trojekurow († 1597), wurde 1581 Okolnitschi und 1586 Bojar. Er hinterließ zwei Söhne: den bereits erwähnten kinderlos verstorbenen Fürsten Roman Fjodorowitsch Trojekurow und seinen Bruder Fürsten Iwan Fjodorowitsch Trojekurow († 1621), der 1620 den Bojaren-Rang erhielt. In erster Ehe war dieser mit der ältesten Tochter des Bojaren Nikita Romanowitsch Sacharjin-Jurjew († 1586), des Großvaters des künftigen Zaren Michail I., verheiratet, was seine Karriere am Hofe der neuen Zarendynastie begünstigte und ihm neue Landschenkungen und -verleihungen einbrachte. Dazu gehörten vor allem die Herrschaften Swerewo im Ujesd Moskau und Nikolskoje im Ujesd Swenigorod. Sein einziger Sohn, Fürst Boris Iwanowitsch Trojekurow (1617–1674) erbte ein immenses Vermögen.

Seine Besitzungen vergrößerte er erheblich durch neue Schenkungen des Zaren und Käufe. Auf dem Gebiet seiner Herrschaft Choroschewo am Flüsschen Setun am Krymski Wal (heute Jakimanka-Straße in Moskau) in der unmittelbaren Nähe Moskaus erbaute er 1644–1648 eine neue prachtvolle Residenz, die Trojekurowo genannt wurde, und 1699–1703 eine imposante Kirche im Stil des frühen sogenannten russischen (oder Moskauer) Barock, die dem Hl. Nikolaus dem Wundertäter (von Myra) geweiht wurde. Auch Boris Iwanowitsch Trojekurows Sohn Fürst Iwan Borissowitsch Trojekurow († 1703) war Alleinerbe des väterlichen Besitzes, da sein Bruder Dmitri († 1670) früh verstarb. Die beiden Söhne Iwans fielen noch zu seinen Lebzeiten im Krieg: der ältere, Fjodor (1667–1695), im 2. Russisch-Türkischen Krieg bei Asow und der jüngere, Iwan (1670–1702), während des Großen Nordischen Krieges als Hauptmann in Staraja Ladoga. Durch die Heirat der einzigen Tochter des Fjodor Iwanowitsch Trojekurow, Prinzessin Praskowja Fjodorowna Trojekurowa (1695–1746), mit dem Fürsten Sergei Michailowitsch Dolgorukow (1695–1763) im Jahre 1717 fielen die Herrschaften Swerewo und Nikolskoje an die Familie der Fürsten Dolgorukow.

Iwans einziger Sohn Fürst Alexei Iwanowitsch Trojekurow (1693–1740) hinterließ lediglich eine Tochter, Prinzessin Jekaterina Alexejewna Trojekurowa, die die meisten Güter ihres Hauses, vor allem die Herrschaft Trojekurowo (alias Choroschewo) an der Setun und Burmakino in die Ehe mit dem Grafen Wladimir Semjonowitsch Saltykow (1705–1751) einbrachte. Ein kleinerer Teil ging an ihre Tante Prinzessin Praskowja Iwanowna Trojekurowa († 1748), die mit dem Grafen Iwan Petrowitsch Tolstoi († 1728) vermählt war. Der Stammvater der Linie der Fürsten Trojekurow, Fürst Michail Lwowitsch Trojekur und die meisten seiner Nachkommen fanden ihre letzte Ruhe im Erlöser-Verklärungs-Kloster in Jaroslawl, was ihre Verbindung zu der Apanage ihrer Ahnen und ihrer Dynastie symbolisierte.

Wappen
In Silber ein aufgerichteter schwarzer Bär mit goldenem Beil (Berdysch) über der Schulter. Der Schild ruht auf dem mit dem Fürstenhut gekrönten Fürstenmantel.

Siehe auch

 Rurikiden

Literatur

 Список с дозорной книги поместных земель думного дьяка П. Третьякова, стольника князя Ив. Троекурова (во Фроловском станке) и стольника князя Ник. Ник. Черкасского (в Шапшинском станке), письма и дозора Ив. Гневашева и подьячего И. Воробьева. К. 56, л. 134–161
 Отказные книги на землю в Алатырском уезде, при деревне Новом Барышке, отказанную стольнику князю Ивану Борисовичу Троекурову.

Russisches Adelsgeschlecht
Linie der Rurikiden

Trojekurow


චීන කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂයෙහි මධ්‍යම කාරක සභාවෙහි උප සභාපතිවරයා () යනු,  1956 සිට 1982 අතරතුර කාලය තුලදී, චීන කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂය (CPC) තුල,   පක්ෂ සභාපතිවරයා යටතෙහි පැවති ඉහළතම නිලය විය. 1982 වසරෙන් පසු මෙම තනතුර ක්‍රමයෙන් ඉවත් කරනු ලැබුවේ,  මියගිය මාඕ වෙනුවෙන් පමණක් භාවිතා වූ  "සභාපති" යන තනතුර රජයෙහි සියළු තනතුරු වලින්  ඉවත් කරනු සඳහා විය.

සියළු උප සභාපතිවරු  චීකොප දේශපාලන මණ්ඩලයෙහි ස්ථාවර කමිටුවෙහි සාමාජිකයෝ වූහ.

චීන කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂයෙහි උප සභාපතිවරයා


Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle or C2 cycle) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis. The desired reaction is the addition of carbon dioxide to RuBP (carboxylation), a key step in the Calvin–Benson cycle, but approximately 25% of reactions by RuBisCO instead add oxygen to RuBP (oxygenation), creating a product that cannot be used within the Calvin–Benson cycle. This process lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis, potentially lowering photosynthetic output by 25% in  plants. Photorespiration involves a complex network of enzyme reactions that exchange metabolites between chloroplasts, leaf peroxisomes and mitochondria.

The oxygenation reaction of RuBisCO is a wasteful process because 3-phosphoglycerate  is created at a lower rate and higher metabolic cost compared with RuBP carboxylase activity. While photorespiratory carbon cycling results in the formation of G3P eventually, around 25% of carbon fixed by photorespiration is re-released as  and nitrogen, as ammonia. Ammonia must then be detoxified at a substantial cost to the cell. Photorespiration also incurs a direct cost of one ATP and one NAD(P)H.

While it is common to refer to the entire process as photorespiration, technically the term refers only to the metabolic network which acts to rescue the products of the oxygenation reaction (phosphoglycolate).

Photorespiratory reactions

Addition of molecular oxygen to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate produces 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) and 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG, or PG). PGA is the normal product of carboxylation, and productively enters the Calvin cycle. Phosphoglycolate, however, inhibits certain enzymes involved in photosynthetic carbon fixation (hence is often said to be an 'inhibitor of photosynthesis'). It is also relatively difficult to recycle: in higher plants it is salvaged by a series of reactions in the peroxisome, mitochondria, and again in the peroxisome where it is converted into glycerate. Glycerate reenters the chloroplast and by the same transporter that exports glycolate. A cost of 1 ATP is associated with conversion to 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) (Phosphorylation), within the chloroplast, which is then free to re-enter the Calvin cycle.

Several costs are associated with this metabolic pathway; the production of hydrogen peroxide in the peroxisome (associated with the conversion of glycolate to glyoxylate). Hydrogen peroxide is a dangerously strong oxidant which must be immediately split into water and oxygen by the enzyme catalase. The conversion of 2× 2Carbon glycine to 1×  serine in the mitochondria by the enzyme glycine-decarboxylase is a key step, which releases , NH3, and reduces NAD to NADH. Thus, one  molecule is produced for every two molecules of  (two deriving from RuBisCO and one from peroxisomal oxidations). The assimilation of NH3 occurs via the GS-GOGAT cycle, at a cost of one ATP and one NADPH.

Cyanobacteria have three possible pathways through which they can metabolise 2-phosphoglycolate. They are unable to grow if all three pathways are knocked out, despite having a carbon concentrating mechanism that should dramatically lower the rate of photorespiration (see below).

Substrate specificity of RuBisCO

The oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle reaction is catalyzed by RuBP oxygenase activity:

RuBP +  → Phosphoglycolate + 3-phosphoglycerate + 2

During the catalysis by RuBisCO, an 'activated' intermediate is formed (an enediol intermediate) in the RuBisCO active site. This intermediate is able to react with either  or . It has been demonstrated that the specific shape of the RuBisCO active site acts to encourage reactions with . Although there is a significant "failure" rate (~25% of reactions are oxygenation rather than carboxylation), this represents significant favouring of , when the relative abundance of the two gases is taken into account: in the current atmosphere,  is approximately 500 times more abundant, and in solution  is 25 times more abundant than .

The ability of RuBisCO to specify between the two gases is known as its selectivity factor (or Srel), and it varies between species, with angiosperms more efficient than other plants, but with little variation among the vascular plants.

A suggested explanation of RuBisCO's inability to discriminate completely between  and  is that it is an evolutionary relic: The early atmosphere in which primitive plants originated contained very little oxygen, the early evolution of RuBisCO was not influenced by its ability to discriminate between  and .

Conditions which affect photorespiration

Photorespiration rates are increased by:

Altered substrate availability: lowered  or increased O2
Factors which influence this include the atmospheric abundance of the two gases, the supply of the gases to the site of fixation (i.e. in land plants: whether the stomata are open or closed), the length of the liquid phase (how far these gases have to diffuse through water in order to reach the reaction site). For example, when the stomata are closed to prevent water loss during drought: this limits the  supply, while  production within the leaf will continue. In algae (and plants which photosynthesise underwater); gases have to diffuse significant distances through water, which results in a decrease in the availability of  relative to . It has been predicted that the increase in ambient  concentrations predicted over the next 100 years may lower the rate of photorespiration in most plants by around 50%. However, at temperatures higher than the photosynthetic thermal optimum, the increases in turnover rate are not translated into increased  assimilation because of the decreased affinity of Rubisco for .

Increased temperature
At higher temperatures RuBisCO is less able to discriminate between  and . This is because the enediol intermediate is less stable. Increasing temperatures also lower the solubility of , thus lowering the concentration of  relative to  in the chloroplast.

Biological adaptation to minimize photorespiration

Certain species of plants or algae have mechanisms to lower uptake of molecular oxygen by RuBisCO. These are commonly referred to as Carbon Concentrating Mechanisms (CCMs), as they increase the concentration of  so that RuBisCO is less likely to produce glycolate through reaction with .

Biochemical carbon concentrating mechanisms
Biochemical CCMs concentrate carbon dioxide in one temporal or spatial region, through metabolite exchange. C4 and CAM photosynthesis both use the enzyme Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) to add  to a 4-Carbon sugar. PEPC is faster than RuBisCO, and more selective for .

C4
C4 plants capture carbon dioxide in their mesophyll cells (using an enzyme called phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase which catalyzes the combination of carbon dioxide with a compound called phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)), forming oxaloacetate. This oxaloacetate is then converted to malate and is transported into the bundle sheath cells (site of carbon dioxide fixation by RuBisCO) where oxygen concentration is low to avoid photorespiration. Here, carbon dioxide is removed from the malate and combined with RuBP by RuBisCO in the usual way, and the Calvin Cycle proceeds as normal. The  concentrations in the Bundle Sheath are approximately 10–20 fold higher than the concentration in the mesophyll cells.

This ability to avoid photorespiration makes these plants more hardy than other plants in dry and hot environments, wherein stomata are closed and internal carbon dioxide levels are low. Under these conditions, photorespiration does occur in C4 plants, but at a much lower level compared with C3 plants in the same conditions. C4 plants include sugar cane, corn (maize), and sorghum.

CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism)

CAM plants, such as cacti and succulent plants, also use the enzyme PEP carboxylase to capture carbon dioxide, but only at night. Crassulacean acid metabolism allows plants to conduct most of their gas exchange in the cooler night-time air, sequestering carbon in 4-carbon sugars which can be released to the photosynthesizing cells during the day. This allows CAM plants to minimize water loss (transpiration) by maintaining closed stomata during the day. CAM plants usually display other water-saving characteristics, such as thick cuticles, stomata with small apertures, and typically lose around 1/3 of the amount of water per  fixed.

C2

C2 photosynthesis (also called glycine shuttle and photorespiratory CO2 pump) is a CCM that works by making use of – as opposed to avoiding – photorespiration. It performs carbon refixation by delaying the breakdown of photorespired glycine, so that the molecule is shuttled from the mesophyll into the bundle sheath. Once there, the glycine is decarboxylated in mitochondria as usual, releasing CO2 and concentrating it to triple the usual concentration.

Although C2 photosynthesis is traditionally understood as an intermediate step between C3 and C4, a wide variety of plant lineages do end up in the C2 stage without further evolving, showing that it's an evolutionary steady state of its own. C2 may be easier to engineer into crops, as the phenotype requires fewer anatomical changes to produce.

Algae
There have been some reports of algae operating a biochemical CCM: shuttling metabolites within single cells to concentrate  in one area. This process is not fully understood.

Biophysical carbon-concentrating mechanisms
This type of carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) relies on a contained compartment within the cell into which  is shuttled, and where RuBisCO is highly expressed. In many species, biophysical CCMs are only induced under low carbon dioxide concentrations. Biophysical CCMs are more evolutionary ancient than biochemical CCMs. There is some debate as to when biophysical CCMs first evolved, but it is likely to have been during a period of low carbon dioxide, after the Great Oxygenation Event (2.4 billion years ago). Low  periods occurred around 750, 650, and 320–270 million years ago.

Eukaryotic algae
In nearly all species of eukaryotic algae (Chloromonas being one notable exception), upon induction of the CCM, ~95% of RuBisCO is densely packed into a single subcellular compartment: the pyrenoid. Carbon dioxide is concentrated in this compartment using a combination of CO2 pumps, bicarbonate pumps, and carbonic anhydrases. The pyrenoid is not a membrane bound compartment, but is found within the chloroplast, often surrounded by a starch sheath (which is not thought to serve a function in the CCM).

Hornworts
Certain species of hornwort are the only land plants which are known to have a biophysical CCM involving concentration of carbon dioxide within pyrenoids in their chloroplasts.

Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacterial CCMs are similar in principle to those found in eukaryotic algae and hornworts, but the compartment into which carbon dioxide is concentrated has several structural differences. Instead of the pyrenoid, cyanobacteria contain carboxysomes, which have a protein shell, and linker proteins packing RuBisCO inside with a very regular structure.
Cyanobacterial CCMs are much better understood than those found in eukaryotes, partly due to the ease of genetic manipulation of prokaryotes.

Possible purpose of photorespiration
Lowering photorespiration may not result in increased growth rates for plants. Photorespiration may be necessary for the assimilation of nitrate from soil. Thus, a lowering in photorespiration by genetic engineering or because of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (due to fossil fuel burning) may not benefit plants as has been proposed. Several physiological processes may be responsible for linking photorespiration and nitrogen assimilation. Photorespiration increases availability of NADH, which is required for the conversion of nitrate to nitrite. Certain nitrite transporters also transport bicarbonate, and elevated  has been shown to suppress nitrite transport into chloroplasts. However, in an agricultural setting, replacing the native photorespiration pathway with an engineered synthetic pathway to metabolize glycolate in the chloroplast resulted in a 40 percent increase in crop growth.

Although photorespiration is much lower in C4 species, it is still an essential pathwaymutants without functioning 2-phosphoglycolate metabolism cannot grow in normal conditions. One mutant was shown to rapidly accumulate glycolate.

Although the functions of photorespiration remain controversial, it is widely accepted that this pathway influences a wide range of processes from bioenergetics, photosystem II function, and carbon metabolism to nitrogen assimilation and respiration. The oxygenase reaction of RuBisCO may prevent  depletion near its active sites and contributes to the regulation of CO2. concentration in the atmosphere The photorespiratory pathway is a major source of hydrogen peroxide () in photosynthetic cells. Through  production and pyrimidine nucleotide interactions, photorespiration makes a key contribution to cellular redox homeostasis. In so doing, it influences multiple signalling pathways, in particular, those that govern plant hormonal responses controlling growth, environmental and defense responses, and programmed cell death.

It has been postulated that photorespiration may function as a "safety valve", preventing the excess of reductive potential coming from an overreduced NADPH-pool from reacting with oxygen and producing free radicals, as these can damage the metabolic functions of the cell by subsequent oxidation of membrane lipids, proteins or nucleotides. The mutants deficient in photorespiratory enzymes are characterized by a high redox level in the cell, impaired stomatal regulation, and accumulation of formate.

See also
  photosynthesis
  photosynthesis
 CAM photosynthesis

References

Further reading

Plant physiology
Photosynthesis
Metabolism

Photorespiration


Richiza Eriksdatter ( født omkring 1275- 1308) var datter af Erik Klipping og Agnes af Brandenburg, og tip-tipoldemor til Christian 1. Hun blev tidlig bestemt til brud for fyrst Nicolaus af Werle, fordi man derved kunne få ordnet nogle arvekrav på gods, som han i forening med de brandenburgske markgrever havde i Danmark; allerede som barn sendtes hun over til Mecklenburg for her at opdrages i klosteret Doberan, hvortil hun stod i nært forhold gennem sin farmoder, dronning Margrethe, og 1291 erhvervedes pavens dispensation til ægteskabet. Dette har vel fundet sted kort efter, men om Richizas senere liv vides næsten intet.

I oktober 1308 stiftede hendes mand sjælemesser for hende i Güstrow, og lige forud er hun rimeligvis død.

Hun fik i sit ægteskab en søn, Johan, og en datter, Sophie. Richizas broder (og Sophies morbroder) Erik Menved fik i 1310 den unge fyrstinde trolovet med den svenske hertug Erik Magnussen, men denne brød kort efter forholdet for i stedet at ægte den norske kongedatter Ingeborg. Sophie, som allerede var ført til Sverige, blev sendt hjem igen, og Erik måtte erklære, at bruddet ikke hidrørte fra nogen for hende uhæderlig grund, ligesom han måtte bøde en anselig sum penge. Kort efter ægtede hun grev Gerhard 3. af Holsten, og gennem sin datter blev Richiza således stammoder for det oldenborgske kongehus.

Eksterne henvisninger
Kristian Erslev: "Richiza" (Dansk biografisk Lexikon, XIV. Bind. Resen - Saxtrup , s. 93-94)

Jellingdynastiet

Richiza


Chek Lap Kok is an island in the western waters of Hong Kong's New Territories. Unlike the smaller Lam Chau, it was only partially leveled when it was assimilated via land reclamation into the  island for the current Hong Kong International Airport, which opened for commercial aviation in 1998. The airport is popularly referred to as Chek Lap Kok Airport to distinguish it from the former Hong Kong International Airport, now commonly known as Kai Tak Airport ().

Hong Kong SkyCity, a business and entertainment complex, is also located on Chek Lap Kok. It includes AsiaWorld–Expo, a convention and exhibition centre, which opened in 2005. Cathay Pacific City, the head office of Cathay Pacific; HAECO, and formerly Hong Kong Airlines are also located on the airport platform.

Name
The name of the island may be derived from the bareness of the island ('da chek lak'), that the shape of the island resembles the red tripletail Perch ('chek lap', 赤鱲), or that the fish was once abundant in its vicinity.

Geography
The island is located north of Lantau Island off Ma Wan Chung and Tung Chung. Before the building of the airport platform, it was a small and hilly island, about  long, with an area of  (other sources mention ). The southern end of the island formed a small peninsula, which has been left largely undeveloped. This area is facing Tung Chung and is now named Scenic Hill. It is the site of the Ancient Kiln Park and the Airport Island Angle Station of the Ngong Ping 360 cable car.

History
The island has been inhabited on and off since the Middle Neolithic period 6,000 years ago.

During the 19th and 20th centuries, the inhabitants of the island practiced farming, including rice cultivation, and quarrying.

At the time of the 1911 census, the population of Chek Lap Kok was 77. The number of males was 55. The population was about 200 in the 1950s, rising sharply in the 1960s. The population later declined, with some 20 families remaining on the island when the plan for the construction of a new airport was announced in the early 1990s.

Archeological surveys and investigations were conducted on the island starting in the late 1970s. A salvage archaeology project started in October 1990.

The original farming and fishing villages on the island were relocated to Chek Lap Kok New Village aka. Chek Lap Kok San Tsuen () near Tung Chung on Lantau Island. A Tin Hau Temple had been built in 1823 at the north east of the island. The entire temple was built of granite quarried on the island. It was dismantled in 1991 and rebuilt in 1994 at its present location. Chek Lap Kok San Tsuen is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.

Also, Romer's tree frog (Philautus romeri), a unique species of finger-sized frog found only in Hong Kong, was relocated from Chek Lap Kok to new habitats on Lantau Island before construction of the airport.

A third runway at Hong Kong Airport is being built as part of the Hong Kong International Airport Master Plan 2030.

Climate

See also

References

External links

 Delineation of area of existing village Chek Lap Kok (Tung Chung) for election of resident representative (2019 to 2022) (Chek Lap Kok New Village)

Artificial islands of Hong Kong
Islands District
Restricted areas of Hong Kong red public minibus
Islands of Hong Kong
Populated places in Hong Kong

Chek Lap Kok


Harlem es una estación en la línea Azul del Metro de Chicago. La estación se encuentra en el número 5550 de la avenida North Harlem de Chicago, Illinois. La estación Harlem fue inaugurada el [27 de febrero de 1983.  La Autoridad de Tránsito de Chicago es la encargada por el mantenimiento y administración de la estación. Los trenes en la estación operan las 24 horas al día.

Descripción
La estación Harlem cuenta con 1 plataforma central y 2 vías. La estación también cuenta con 53 de espacios de aparcamiento.

Conexiones
La estación es abastecida por las siguientes conexiones:
 Rutas del CTA: Pace

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Estación Harlem
 Líneas y estaciones del Metro de Chicago

Estaciones de Metro de Estados Unidos inauguradas en 1983
Estaciones de la línea Azul (Metro de Chicago)

Harlem (ramal O'Hare de la línea Azul)


Objekt (srednjovj. lat. obiectum, poimeničeni srednji rod participa perfekta od klas. lat. obicere: staviti ispred, izložiti) može značiti:
 objekt je predmet ili stvar.
 objekt (gramatika), u jezikoslovlju ili lingvistici, je rečenični dio koji nije nužan, ali je proširuje. Objekt je predmet radnje.
 objekt (filozofija), u filozofiji, je sve ono što može biti predmetom osjetilnoga zamjećivanja, zrenja, predočavanja, ali i nadosjetilnoga mišljenja. Objekt zato nije samo osjetilno u iskustvu dana stvar, nego i ono što je proizvod čistoga mišljenja.
 objekt (računarstvo):
 memorijska lokacija na koju pokazuje pokazivač.
 u objektno orijentiranim jezicima označava podatkovnu strukturu tipiziranu klasom.

Izvori

Objekt (razdvojba)


Parohie (biserică) este o unitate teritorială, ce constituie o divizie a unei dioceze.

 Parohie (biserica anglicană)
 Parohie (biserica catolică)
 Parohie (biserica ortodoxă)

Termen derivat de la utilizarea sa primară, parohie () se poate referi și la o unitate administrativă seculară a guvernului din Insulele britanice sau din alte țări, foste colonii britanice, dar actualmente țări independente, unele membre ale Commonwealth-ului britanic.
 Parohie civilă (dezambiguizare), sub mai multe varietăți din Insulele britanice
 Parohie (diviziune administrativă), în diverse țări în afara Insulelor britanice.

Parohie (sau parish) se poate referi și la:

Nume de familie (surname)

Locuri
 Parish, New York, localitate urbană de ordin doi (Town) din statul ,
 Parish (sat), New York, localitate sub-urbană, aflată sub jurisdicția localității Town of Parish, New York, statul New York, Statele Unite ale Americii

Joc video
 The Parish, campanie din jocul video din 2009, numit  Left 4 Dead 2

Alte pagini similare
 Paris (dezambiguizare)
 Parrish (dezambiguizare)

Terminologie administrativă

Parohie (dezambiguizare)


فرانكو كاوزيو (Franco Causio) ، (ليتشي، 1 فبراير 1949) ، لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب إيطاليا لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبون فائزون بكأس الاتحاد الأوروبي
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من ليتشي
رياضيون من بوليا
لاعبو أودينيزي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو المنتخبات الفائزة بكأس العالم
لاعبو إنتر ميلان
لاعبو باليرمو
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1980
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو ريجينا
لاعبو سامبينيديتيزي
لاعبو كأس العالم 1974
لاعبو كأس العالم 1978
لاعبو كأس العالم 1982
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم شاطئية إيطاليون
لاعبو ليتشي
لاعبو منتخب إيطاليا في كأس العالم 1982
لاعبو منتخب إيطاليا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي تريستينا
لاعبو يوفنتوس
كاوزيو
مواليد في ليتشي
لاعبو كرة قدم من بوليا
رياضيون من ليتشي

فرانكو كاوزيو


Kırmızı iskete (Carduelis cucullata), ispinozgiller (Fringillidae) familyasından ötücü bir kuş türü.

Özellikleri
10 cm uzunluğundadır. Erkek genel olarak koyu kırmızı; baş, boğaz ve kuyruk kısmı siyahtır. Dişinin baş, göğüs ve üst kısımları bozdur, kuyruk üst tarafı ise kırmızıdır.

Beslenme ve üreme
Kırmızı isketeler tohum yer ve çok büyük sürüler halinde gezinir. Yarı göçebedirler. Dişi, ağaçta yapmış olduğu fincan şeklindeki yuvasına 3 yeşilimsi beyaz yumurta bırakır.

Dağılımı ve yaşam alanı
Bu kuş Güney Kolombiya ve Güney Venezuela'da görülür.
Kırmızı iskete, açıklıklarda, orman yakınlarında, otlaklar ile ağaç ve çalılıklarda bulunur.

Carduelis

Kırmızı iskete


Wells Fargo Center, antiguamente conocido como Norwest Center, es el tercer edificio más alto de Minneapolis, Minnesota, tras el IDS Center y Capella Tower. Completado en 1988, tiene una altura de 774 ft (235.6 m).  Durante muchos años, se creyó que era un pie más bajo que Capella, pero dicha estructura tiene actualmente una diferente altura. Norwest Center fue diseñado con un estilo art deco modernizado por César Pelli, reflejando estructuras cercanas como Qwest Building y Foshay Tower, que se sitúa a varias manzanas de distancia. También es considerado por muchos como un tributo al GE Building de Rockefeller Center en Nueva York.

Wells Fargo Center se sitúa en lugar del antiguo Northwestern National Bank Building, que fue destruido en el fuego de 1982. Northwestern National, renombrada Norwest, mantuvo su sede aquí. A pesar de la adopción de Norwest de la identidad de Wells Fargo tras adquirirla y trasladarse a San Francisco en 1998, las operaciones regionales se mantienen en este edificio.

Está iluminado brillantemente desde la puesta del sol hasta la media noche, con proyectores apuntando hacia arriba desde los techos de los altibajos para iluminar los lados del edificio. A pesar de esto, es mucho más eficiente energéticamente que el edificio previo y en 2000, fue reconocido por la United States Environmental Protection Agency como uno de 100 edificios más eficientes energéticamente de los Estados Unidos. En 1989, el edificio fue alabado por el Urban Land Institute, que le concedió su Premio por Excelencia en Proyectos de Oficinas de Gran Escala. Está situado en 90 South 7th Street. Gaviidae Common, un vecino centro comercial, fue también diseñado por Pelli y construido al mismo tiempo.

Véase también

 Anexo:Edificios más altos de Estados Unidos
 Anexo:Edificios más altos de Minnesota

 Anexo:Edificios más altos de Mineápolis

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Wells Fargo Center
 Emporis: Wells Fargo Center
 Glass and Steel and Stone: Arquitectura de Wells Fargo Center

Arquitectura de Estados Unidos de 1988
Obras de César Pelli
Rascacielos de oficinas de Minneapolis
Rascacielos de Minnesota
Rascacielos de Estados Unidos entre 200 y 249 metros
Edificios de oficinas de Estados Unidos de los años 1980
Art déco en Minesota

Wells Fargo Center (Mineápolis)


An Ochlandra ebracteata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Mukat Behari Raizada ngan Chatterji. An Ochlandra ebracteata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ochlandra, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Ochlandra

Ochlandra ebracteata


Yeşilçam, Sinop ilinin Boyabat ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 132 km, Boyabat ilçe merkezine 42 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Boyabat belde ve köyleri

Yeşilçam, Boyabat


لادزارو سبالإنساني (Lazzaro Spallanzani) (ولد في سكانديانو، بتاريخ 10 يناير عام 1729، وتوفى في بافيا، 12 فبراير عام 1799). قس وعالم أحياء إيطالي تجريبي، يعتبر أبو التلقيح الاصطناعي.

تعلم في الكلية اليسوعية، ثم بدأ دراسة القانون في جامعة بولونيا؛ بيد أنه سرعان ما تركه لدرسة العلوم. هناك التقى بقريبته لاورا باسي، أستاذة الفيزياء، حيث درس معها الفلسفة الطبيعة والرياضيات، وأعطى اهتماماً كبيراً للغات سواءً القديمة أو الحديثة، ولكن سرعان ما تخلى عنهم.

عمل على إثبات أن الهضم ليس وسيلة مكانيكية فقط، بل تتدخل معه بعض التفاعلات الكيميائية. كما أجرى أبحاثا هامة عن تخصيب الحيوانات (1780).

أثبت وجود أحياء دقيقة للغاية في الهواء لا يمكن رؤيتها بالعين، وأن الأنواع الموجودة منها في الأطعمة، يُمكن قتلها بوساطة الغلي. كما أنه أول من راقب انقسام الخلايا البكتيرية المعزولة. كما أشار إلى أن الخفاش (الوطواط) يمكنه تفادي الاصطدام بحواجز من الحبال، ولو كان أعمى، وأن حيوان السمندر ينمو له بديل عن الأطراف المعطوبة.كما يعد أول من وصف الجنين بأنه يتكون من امشاج ذكرية وامشاج انثوية.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 سيرته على الموسوعة الكاثولكية.

أشخاص من سكانديانو
أعضاء الأكاديمية السويدية الملكية للعلوم
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة بافيا
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة مودينا
أكاديميون إيطاليون
إيطاليون في القرن 18
رجال دين-علماء كاثوليك
زملاء الجمعية الملكية
علماء أحياء إيطاليون
علماء إيطاليون
علماء حشرات إيطاليون
علماء وظائف أعضاء إيطاليون
علماء وظائف الأعضاء
علماء يسوعيون
فوق صوتي
قساوسة رومان كاثوليك إيطاليون
مواليد 1729
مواليد في سكانديانو
وفيات 1799
وفيات السرطان في إيطاليا
وفيات السرطان في لومبارديا
وفيات بسبب سرطان المثانة
وفيات في بافيا

لادزارو سبالانساني