18818 Yasuhiko este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
18818 Yasuhiko este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nanyo de Tomimaru Okuni. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,29 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 6,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 18001-19000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

18818 Yasuhiko


Palača Charlemagne poslovna je zgrada u Europskoj četvrti Bruxellesa, u kojoj su smještene Glavna uprava za ekonomska i financijska pitanja, Glavna uprava za trgovinu, a od 2015. i Služba unutarnje revizije Europske komisije.

Zgrada u tlocrtu ima 3 krila i visoka je 17 katova. Smještena je na adresi Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 170 u gradu Bruxellesu, jednoj od 19 općina koje čine regiju Glavni grad Bruxelles. Poštanski broj općine je 1000, ali poštanski broj za Europsku komisiju je 1049.

Povijest

Zgradu je projektirao arhitekt Jacques Cuisinier, a gradnja je dovršena 1967. u isto vrijeme kad i palača Berlaymont s ciljem da se razni odjeli Europske komisije raspršeni u mnogim zgradama Bruxellesa okupe jednoj ili dvije susjedne zgrade. Nakon što je Komisija odbila podijeliti Berlaymont s Vijećem Europske unije, tajništvo Vijeća se 1971. seli u palaču Charlemagne.

Godine 1995. Vijeće Europske unije se ponovo seli, ovaj put u palaču Justusa Lipsiusa, oslobodivši tako prostorije palače Charlemagne za temeljitu obnovu koju je 1998. godine dovršio Helmut Jahn, zamijenivši uglavnom betonski vanjski dio staklenim. Po završetku obnove u palaču se sele državni službenici Euroske komisije,  grupirajući tako svoje urede u ojektima oko kružnog toka Schuman.

Palača Charlemagne se razmatrala kao buduće sjedište Europske službe za vanjsko djelovanje (EEAS) osnovane 2010. godine, ali prijedlog je odbijen zbog negativne percepcije. Pošto se u njemu nalazi Generalna uprava za vanjske odnose (RELEX), ljudi bi EEAS doživljavali produljenje RELEX-a, a ne kao jedinstveno tijelo neovisno od Komisije.

Vidi također

 Europska komisija
 Palača Berlaymont
 Palača Breydel
 Samostan Van Maerlant
 Madou Plaza
 Bruxelles i Europska unija
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Palača Charlemagne


Paleoanthropology or paleo-anthropology is a branch of paleontology and anthropology which seeks to understand the early development of anatomically modern humans, a process known as hominization, through the reconstruction of evolutionary kinship lines within the family Hominidae, working from biological evidence (such as petrified skeletal remains, bone fragments, footprints) and cultural evidence (such as stone tools, artifacts, and settlement localities).

The field draws from and combines primatology, paleontology, biological anthropology, and cultural anthropology. As technologies and methods advance, genetics plays an ever-increasing role, in particular to examine and compare DNA structure as a vital tool of research of the evolutionary kinship lines of related species and genera.

Etymology
The term paleoanthropology derives from Greek palaiós (παλαιός) "old, ancient", ánthrōpos (ἄνθρωπος) "man, human" and the suffix -logía (-λογία) "study of".

Hominoid taxonomies
Hominoids are a primate superfamily, the hominid family is currently considered to comprise both the great ape lineages and human lineages within the hominoid superfamily. The "Homininae" comprise both the human lineages and the African ape lineages. The term "African apes" refers only to chimpanzees and gorillas. The terminology of the immediate biological family is currently in flux. The term "hominin" refers to any genus in the human tribe (Hominini), of which Homo sapiens (modern humans) is the only living specimen.

History

18th century
In 1758 Carl Linnaeus introduced the name Homo sapiens as a species name in the 10th edition of his work Systema Naturae although without a scientific description of the species-specific characteristics. Since the great apes were considered the closest relatives of human beings, based on morphological similarity, in the 19th century, it was speculated that the closest living relatives to humans were chimpanzees (genus Pan) and gorilla (genus Gorilla), and based on the natural range of these creatures, it was surmised that humans shared a common ancestor with African apes and that fossils of these ancestors would ultimately be found in Africa.

19th century

The science arguably began in the late 19th century when important discoveries occurred that led to the study of human evolution. The discovery of the Neanderthal in Germany, Thomas Huxley's Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature, and Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man were both important to early paleoanthropological research.

The modern field of paleoanthropology began in the 19th century with the discovery of "Neanderthal man" (the eponymous skeleton was found in 1856, but there had been finds elsewhere since 1830), and with evidence of so-called cave men.  The idea that humans are similar to certain great apes had been obvious to people for some time, but the idea of the biological evolution of species in general was not legitimized until after Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859.

Though Darwin's first book on evolution did not address the specific question of human evolution—"light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history," was all Darwin wrote on the subject—the implications of evolutionary theory were clear to contemporary readers.

Debates between Thomas Huxley and Richard Owen focused on the idea of human evolution. Huxley convincingly illustrated many of the similarities and differences between humans and apes in his 1863 book Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature. By the time Darwin published his own book on the subject, Descent of Man, it was already a well-known interpretation of his theory—and the interpretation which made the theory highly controversial. Even many of Darwin's original supporters (such as Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Lyell) balked at the idea that human beings could have evolved their apparently boundless mental capacities and moral sensibilities through natural selection.

Asia

Prior to the general acceptance of Africa as the root of genus Homo, 19th-century naturalists sought the origin of humans in Asia.  So-called "dragon bones" (fossil bones and teeth) from Chinese apothecary shops were known, but it was not until the early 20th century that German paleontologist, Max Schlosser, first described a single human tooth from Beijing. Although Schlosser (1903) was very cautious, identifying the tooth only as "?Anthropoide g. et sp. indet?," he was hopeful that future work would discover a new anthropoid in China.

Eleven years later, the Swedish geologist Johan Gunnar Andersson was sent to China as a mining advisor and soon developed an interest in "dragon bones". It was he who, in 1918, discovered the sites around Zhoukoudian, a village about 50 kilometers southwest of Beijing. However, because of the sparse nature of the initial finds, the site was abandoned.

Work did not resume until 1921, when the Austrian paleontologist, Otto Zdansky, fresh with his doctoral degree from Vienna, came to Beijing to work for Andersson. Zdansky conducted short-term excavations at Locality 1 in 1921 and 1923, and recovered only two teeth of significance (one premolar and one molar) that he subsequently described, cautiously, as "?Homo sp." (Zdansky, 1927). With that done, Zdansky returned to Austria and suspended all fieldwork.

News of the fossil hominin teeth delighted the scientific community in Beijing, and plans for developing a larger, more systematic project at Zhoukoudian were soon formulated. At the epicenter of excitement was Davidson Black, a Canadian-born anatomist working at Peking Union Medical College. Black shared Andersson's interest, as well as his view that central Asia was a promising home for early humankind. In late 1926, Black submitted a proposal to the Rockefeller Foundation seeking financial support for systematic excavation at Zhoukoudian and the establishment of an institute for the study of human biology in China.

The Zhoukoudian Project came into existence in the spring of 1927, and two years later, the Cenozoic Research Laboratory of the Geological Survey of China was formally established. Being the first institution of its kind, the Cenozoic Laboratory opened up new avenues for the study of paleogeology and paleontology in China. The Laboratory was the precursor of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) of the Chinese Academy of Science, which took its modern form after 1949.

The first of the major project finds are attributed to the young Swedish paleontologist, Anders Birger Bohlin, then serving as the field advisor at Zhoukoudian. He recovered a left lower molar that Black (1927) identified as unmistakably human (it compared favorably to the previous find made by Zdansky), and subsequently coined it Sinanthropus pekinensis. The news was at first met with skepticism, and many scholars had reservations that a single tooth was sufficient to justify the naming of a new type of early hominin. Yet within a little more than two years, in the winter of 1929, Pei Wenzhong, then the field director at Zhoukoudian, unearthed the first complete calvaria of Peking Man. Twenty-seven years after Schlosser's initial description, the antiquity of early humans in East Asia was no longer a speculation, but a reality.

Excavations continued at the site and remained fruitful until the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. The decade-long research yielded a wealth of faunal and lithic materials, as well as hominin fossils. These included 5 more complete calvaria, 9 large cranial fragments, 6 facial fragments, 14 partial mandibles, 147 isolated teeth, and 11 postcranial elements—estimated to represent as least 40 individuals. Evidence of fire, marked by ash lenses and burned bones and stones, were apparently also present, although recent studies have challenged this view. Franz Weidenreich came to Beijing soon after Black's untimely death in 1934, and took charge of the study of the hominin specimens.

Following the loss of the Peking Man materials in late 1941, scientific endeavors at Zhoukoudian slowed, primarily because of lack of funding. Frantic search for the missing fossils took place, and continued well into the 1950s. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, excavations resumed at Zhoukoudian. But with political instability and social unrest brewing in China, beginning in 1966, and major discoveries at Olduvai Gorge and East Turkana (Koobi Fora), the paleoanthropological spotlight shifted westward to East Africa. Although China re-opened its doors to the West in the late 1970s, national policy calling for self-reliance, coupled with a widened language barrier, thwarted all the possibilities of renewed scientific relationships. Indeed, Harvard anthropologist K. C. Chang noted, "international collaboration (in developing nations very often a disguise for Western domination) became a thing of the past" (1977: 139).

Africa

1920s – 1940s
The first paleoanthropological find made in Africa was the 1921 discovery of the Kabwe 1 skull at Kabwe (Broken Hill), Zambia. Initially, this specimen was named Homo rhodesiensis; however, today it is considered part of the species Homo heidelbergensis.

In 1924 in a limestone quarry at Taung, Professor Raymond Dart discovered a remarkably well-preserved juvenile specimen (face and brain endocast), which he named Australopithecus africanus  (Australopithecus meaning "Southern Ape"). Although the brain was small (410 cm³), its shape was rounded, unlike the brain shape of chimpanzees and gorillas, and more like the shape seen in modern humans. In addition, the specimen exhibited short canine teeth, and the anterior placement of the foramen magnum was more like the placement seen in modern humans than the placement seen in chimpanzees and gorillas, suggesting that this species was bipedal.

All of these traits convinced Dart that the Taung child was a bipedal human ancestor, a transitional form between ape and human. However, Dart's conclusions were largely ignored for decades, as the prevailing view of the time was that a large brain evolved before bipedality. It took the discovery of additional australopith fossils in Africa that resembled his specimen, and the rejection of the Piltdown Man hoax, for Dart's claims to be taken seriously.

In the 1930s, paleontologist Robert Broom discovered and described a new species at Kromdraai, South Africa. Although similar in some ways to Dart's Australopithecus africanus, Broom's specimen had much larger cheek teeth. Because of this difference, Broom named his specimen Paranthropus robustus, using a new genus name. In doing so, he established the practice of grouping gracile australopiths in the genus Australopithecus and robust australopiths in the genus Paranthropus. During the 1960s, the robust variety was commonly moved into Australopithecus. A more recent consensus has been to return to the original classification of Paranthropus as a separate genus.

1950s – 1990s
The second half of the twentieth century saw a significant increase in the number of paleoanthropological finds made in Africa. Many of these finds were associated with the work of the Leakey family in eastern Africa. In 1959, Mary Leakey's discovery of the Zinj fossin (OH 5) at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, led to the identification of a new species, Paranthropus boisei. In 1960, the Leakeys discovered the fossil OH 7, also at Olduvai Gorge, and assigned it to a new species, Homo habilis. In 1972, Bernard Ngeneo, a fieldworker working for Richard Leakey, discovered the fossil KNM-ER 1470 near Lake Turkana in Kenya. KNM-ER 1470 has been interpreted as either a distinct species, Homo rudolfensis, or alternatively as evidence of sexual dimorphism in Homo habilis. In 1967, Richard Leakey reported the earliest definitive examples of anatomically modern Homo sapiens from the site of Omo Kibish in Ethiopia, known as the Omo remains. In the late 1970s, Mary Leakey excavated the famous Laetoli footprints in Tanzania, which demonstrated the antiquity of bipedality in the human lineage. In 1985, Richard Leakey and Alan Walker discovered a specimen they called the Black Skull, found near Lake Turkana. This specimen was assigned to another species, Paranthropus aethiopicus. In 1994, a team led by Meave Leakey announced a new species, Australopithecus anamensis, based on specimens found near Lake Turkana.

Numerous other researchers have made important discoveries in eastern Africa. Possibly the most famous is the Lucy skeleton, discovered in 1973 by Donald Johanson and Maurice Taieb in Ethiopia's Afar Triangle at the site of Hadar. On the basis of this skeleton and subsequent discoveries, the researchers came up with a new species, Australopithecus afarensis. In 1975, Colin Groves and Vratislav Mazák announced a new species of human they called Homo ergaster. Homo ergaster specimens have been found at numerous sites in eastern and southern Africa. In 1994, Tim D. White announced a new species, Ardipithecus ramidus, based on fossils from Ethiopia.

In 1999, two new species were announced. Berhane Asfaw and Tim D. White named Australopithecus garhi based on specimens discovered in Ethiopia's Awash valley. Meave Leakey announced a new species, Kenyanthropus platyops, based on the cranium KNM-WT 40000 from Lake Turkana.

21st century

In the 21st century, numerous fossils have been found that add to current knowledge of existing species. For example, in 2001, Zeresenay Alemseged discovered an Australopithecus afarensis child fossil, called Selam, from the site of Dikika in the Afar region of Ethiopia. This find is particularly important because the fossil included a preserved hyoid bone, something rarely found in other paleoanthropological fossils but important for understanding the evolution of speech capacities.

Two new species from southern Africa have been discovered and described in recent years. In 2008, a team led by Lee Berger announced a new species, Australopithecus sediba, based on fossils they had discovered in Malapa cave in South Africa. In 2015, a team also led by Lee Berger announced another species, Homo naledi, based on fossils representing 15 individuals from the Rising Star Cave system in South Africa.

New species have also been found in eastern Africa. In 2000, Brigitte Senut and Martin Pickford described the species Orrorin tugenensis, based on fossils they found in Kenya. In 2004, Yohannes Haile-Selassie announced that some specimens previously labeled as Ardipithecus ramidus made up a different species, Ardipithecus kadabba. In 2015, Haile-Selassie announced another new species, Australopithecus deyiremeda, though some scholars are skeptical that the associated fossils truly represent a unique species.

Although most hominin fossils from Africa have been found in eastern and southern Africa, there are a few exceptions. One is Sahelanthropus tchadensis, discovered in the central African country of Chad in 2002. This find is important because it widens the assumed geographic range of early hominins.

Renowned paleoanthropologists

 Robert Ardrey (1908–1980)
 Lee Berger (1965–)
 Davidson Black (1884–1934)
 Robert Broom (1866–1951)
 Michel Brunet (1940–)
 J. Desmond Clark (1916–2002)
 Carleton S. Coon (1904–1981)
 Raymond Dart (1893–1988)
 Eugene Dubois (1858–1940)
 Johann Carl Fuhlrott (1803–1877)
 Yohannes Haile-Selassie (1961–)
 Sonia Harmand (1974–)
 John D. Hawks
 Aleš Hrdlička (1869–1943)
 Glynn Isaac (1937–1985)
 Donald C. Johanson (1943–)
 Kamoya Kimeu (1938–2022)
 Jeffrey Laitman (1951–)
 Louis Leakey (1903–1972)
 Meave Leakey (1942–)
 Mary Leakey (1913–1996)
 Richard Leakey (1944–2022)
 André Leroi-Gourhan (1911–1986)
 Peter Wilhelm Lund (1801–1880)
 Kenneth Oakley (1911–1981)
 David Pilbeam (1940–)
 Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald (1902–1982)
 John T. Robinson (1923–2001)
 Jeffrey H. Schwartz (1948–)
 Chris Stringer (1947–)
 Ian Tattersall (1945–)
 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955)
 Phillip V. Tobias (1925–2012)
 Erik Trinkaus (1948–)
 Alan Walker (1938–2017)
 Franz Weidenreich (1873–1948)
 Tim D. White (1950–)
 Milford H. Wolpoff (1942–)
 Bernard Wood (1945–)

See also
 Dawn of Humanity (2015 PBS film)
 Human evolution
 The Incredible Human Journey—Television documentary film series
 List of human evolution fossils
 Timeline of human evolution

References

Further reading
 David R. Begun, A Companion to Paleoanthropology, Malden, Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
 Winfried Henke, Ian Tattersall (eds.), Handbook of Paleoanthropology, Dordrecht, Springer, 2007.

External links

 Paleoanthropology in the 1990s – Essays by James Q. Jacobs.
 Fossil Hominids
 Aspects of Paleoanthropology
 Becoming Human: Paleoanthropology, Evolution and Human Origins
 Department of Human Evolution ~ Max Planck Institute, Leipzig
 Human Timeline (Interactive) – Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History (August 2016).

Anthropology
Biological anthropology

Paleoanthropology


El aparecido puede referirse a:

 El aparecido, canción de Víctor Jara.
 El aparecido, lado A del sencillo El aparecido / Solo de Víctor Jara de 1967.
 El aparecido, lado B del sencillo Charagua / El aparecido de Inti-Illimani de 1971.

El aparecido


Jean-Victor Meyers (Neuilly-sur-Seine, 29 de abril de 1986) é um empresário executivo francês, bisneto de Eugène Schueller, o fundador da L'Oréal Paris, neto de Liliane Bettencourt e filho mais velho de Françoise Bettencourt-Meyers, a mulher mais rica do mundo. Jean-Victor possui uma grife de roupas masculinas, a Exemplaire Paris, que ele fundou com seu melhor amigo, Louis Leboiteux. Meyers é representante da família no conselho da L'Oréal, desde 2012, substituindo sua avó, Liliane, quando a mesma renunciou ao conselho, devido as polêmicas do famoso escândalo, "Affaire Bettencourt". Assim como seus pais, Jean-Victor é judeu, contrariando seu bisavô, Eugène, que financiava o grupo nazista, "La Cagoule".

Educação
Depois de estudar na École active bilingue Jeannine-Manuel, obteve uma licença em economia e gestão de negócios na Universidade de Nanterre e seguiu, nos Estados Unidos, por um curso de "negócios gerais" na Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles (UCLA) e curso de finanças na New York University.

Graduado em um ciclo de gestão acelerado no Higher Institute of Management (ISG), ele fez um trabalho de verão na Cruz Vermelha francesa em 2006, uma sessão de treinamento em gestão de ativos privados na Goldman Sachs em Londres e um estágio na principal Boutique da grife Louis Vuitton na Avenida Montaigne em Paris.

Carreira

L'Oréal
Jean-Victor se tornou diretor da L'Oréal após a assembleia geral de 17 de abril de 2012, substituindo sua avó, Liliane Bettencourt, a quem ele supervisionava (com sua mãe e irmão), antes dela falecer em 2017. Ele foi cooptado pela diretoria do grupo em 13 de fevereiro de 2012. Esta cadeira oferece-lhe entre 60 mil  e 110 mil euros por ano em propinas.

Antes dessa nomeação, ele se familiarizou com as atividades da L'Oréal passando o ano de 2010 como gerente assistente de produto na Yves Saint Laurent Beauté e, em 2011, concluindo um curso de imersão em várias subsidiárias internacionais do grupo.

Exemplaire
Jean-Victor criou em fevereiro de 2012 a empresa Exemplaire com seu amigo de infância Louis Leboiteux. Com um capital de 400.500 euros dos quais detém 99,87%, é especializada na fabricação de artigos e vestuário para marroquinaria e viagens.

Comercializadas em 4 butiques (uma na França, duas nos Estados Unidos e uma no Reino Unido), as criações são definidas como "minimalistas, certamente não bling-bling" por Jean-Victor. A produção ocorre na Toscana e Mayenne.

Vida particular

Família
Pela parte da mãe, (Françoise Bettencourt-Meyers) Jean-Victor é neto de André Bettencourt, político, várias vezes ministro de Gaulle e Pompidou e de sua esposa Liliane Bettencourt, filha única e herdeira de Eugène Schueller, fundador da L'Oréal e por muito tempo a fortuna número um da França.

Através de seu pai, (Jean-Pierre Meyers) ele é o bisneto do Rabino Robert Meyers, assassinado em Auschwitz, e o tataraneto do Rabino Jules Bauer, diretor do Seminário Judaico da França. Ele também é primo da tenista francesa Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro.

De mãe católica e pai judeu, ele e seu irmão mais novo Nicolas, nascido em 1988, foram criados no judaísmo.

Bens imobiliários

Em 2020, adquiriu um apartamento parisiense de 330 2, com vista para a Esplanade des Invalides, que vendeu dois anos depois ao bilionário americano Israel Englander pela quantia de 20 milhões de euros. É graças ao produto dessa venda que adquiriu em 2022, por valor equivalente, um duplex de 800 metros quadrados localizado no Quai d'Orsay às margens do Sena e decorado por Alberto Pinto.

Bibliografia

  Tom Sancton. The Bettencourt Affair. The World's Richest Woman and the Scandal That Rocked Paris. Dutton, 2018. , ,

Empresários da França
Nascidos em 1986
Naturais de Neuilly-sur-Seine
Família Bettencourt
Judeus da França

Jean-Victor Meyers


Stríðið í Tígraí var borgarastyrjöld sem hófst í Eþíópíu árið 2020 og lauk árið 2022. Styrjöldin stóð annars vegar á milli alríkisstjórnar Eþíópíu, sem leidd er af Abiy Ahmed forsætisráðherra og Velmegunarflokknum, og hins vegar héraðsstjórnvalda í Tígraí-héraði, sem leidd eru af Þjóðfrelsishreyfingu Tígra (TPLF).

Aðdragandi
Þjóðfrelsishreyfing Tígra (TPLF) réð að mestu yfir Eþíópíu frá árinu 1991 til ársins 2018. Hreyfingin hafði verið í forsvari Lýðræðis- og byltingarhreyfingar eþíópísku þjóðarinnar (EPRDF), hernaðarbandalags sem steypti af stóli kommúnískri einræðisstjórn Mengistu Haile Mariam árið 1991 undir lok borgarastyrjaldarinnar í Eþíópíu. Eftir fall kommúnistastjórnarinnar réð EPRDF að nafninu til yfir Eþíópíu en í reynd hafði TPLF tögl og hagldir innan bandalagsins og réði því flestu um stjórn landsins. Á stjórnartíð TPLF naut Eþíópía töluverðs friðar, stöðugleika og hagvaxtar, en aftur á móti var spilling víðtæk og þjóðernisflokki Tígra var hyglt nokkuð á kostnað annarra þjóðernisbrota landsins.

Á árunum 2015 til 2018 fóru fram fjöldamótmæli gegn eþíópískum stjórnvöldum, sem aðallega voru leidd af Orómóum og Amhörum, tveimur stærstu þjóðarbrotum Eþíópíu. Mótmælin leiddu til þess að forsætisráðherrann Hailemariam Desalegn sagði af sér og Abiy Ahmed, leiðtogi Orómó-lýðræðisflokksins (annars af aðildarflokkum EPRDF) tók við sem forsætisráðherra.

Abiy réðst fljótt í róttækar umbætur á stjórnkerfi Eþíópíu sem margar miðuðu að því að draga úr völdum TPLF. Hann lét jafnframt reka nokkra lykilmenn af Tígraí-þjóðerni úr stjórn sinni sem höfðu verið sakaðir um spillingu og valdníðslu. Árið 2019 lét Abiy leggja niður Lýðræðis- og byltingarhreyfingu eþíópísku þjóðarinnar og steypa aðildarflokkum hennar saman í einn stjórnmálaflokk, Velmegunarflokkinn. TPLF var eini aðildarflokkurinn sem neitaði að taka þátt í samrunanum og hélt því áfram að starfa sem sjálfstæð hreyfing, en einungis á héraðsstjórninni í Tígraí-héraði.

Stefnt hafði verið að því að halda frjálsar þingkosningar eftir mótmælin 2018 en árið 2020 ákvað Abiy Ahmed að láta fresta kosningunum vegna COVID-19-faraldursins. Þjóðfrelsishreyfing Tígra sætti sig ekki við frestun Abiy á þingkosningum vegna kórónaveirufaraldursins og hélt sínar eigin kosningar í Tígraí-héraði í september 2020 sem alríkisstjórnin mat ólöglegar. Þetta skapaði spennuþrungið ástand þar sem alríkisstjórnin og héraðsstjórnin í Tígraí viðurkenndu ekki lengur lögmæti hvers annars.

Gangur stríðsins

Í nóvember árið 2020 sendi Abiy eþíópíska herinn inn í Tígraí-hérað eftir að vopnaðar sveitir Tígra réðust á eþíópíska herstöð. Debretsion Gebremichael, héraðsforseti Tígraí og leiðtogi TPLF, sagði að Tígrar skyldu búa sig undir átök gegn alríkisstjórninni og að stríðsástand ríkti nú í héraðinu.

Þann 29. nóvember lýsti Abiy því yfir að stjórnarherinn hefði hertekið Mekelle, höfuðborg Tígraí-héraðs, og náð fullu valdi á héraðinu. Leiðtogar Tígraí sögðu engu að síður að þeir myndu berjast áfram til þess að verja sjálfsstjórn héraðsins. Stjórnarherinn naut aðstoðar bandamanna Abiy frá nágrannaríkinu Eritreu í hernaðinum gegn Þjóðfrelsishreyfingunni. Starfsmenn Amnesty International telja að bæði eþíópíski og erítreski herinn hafi framið fjölda stríðsglæpa í átökunum og að erítreskir hermenn hafi meðal annars framið fjöldamorð á óbreyttum borgurum í borginni Aksum.

Í lok júní 2020 tókst uppreisnarhreyfingum í Tígraí-héraði að endurheimta stjórn á Mekelle. Stjórn Abiy lýsti einhliða yfir vopnahléi vegna mannúðarsjónarmiða.

Í byrjun nóvember 2021 lýsti Abiy yfir neyðarástandi í Eþíópíu þar sem sveitir TPLF höfðu þá hafið framrás inn í Amhara-hérað og voru farnar að ógna höfuðborginni Addis Ababa. Í desember tókst Eþíópíuher hins vegar að stöðva sókn TPLF-liða og frelsa mikilvægar borgir og bæi undan hernámi þeirra. Í júní 2022 skipaði Abiy nefnd til að undirbúa friðarviðræður við uppreisnarhópana.

Friðarviðræður og vopnahlé
Í nóvember árið 2022 komust sendinefndir ríkisstjórnar Eþíópíu og uppreisnarhópanna í Tígraí að samkomulagi um "varanlega stöðvun stríðsátaka" eftir friðarviðræður í Pretoríu sem Afríkusambandið hafði milligöngu um. Með samningnum var uppreisnarhreyfingum TPLF og bandamanna þeirra gert að leggja niður vopn. Byggt var á gagnkvæmu trausti til að leysa ágreiningsverkefni sem eftir stóðu og ýmis ákvæði voru háð túlkunum.

Stríðsglæpir

Báðir deiluaðilar í Tígraí-stríðinu hafa verið sakaðir um stríðsglæpi. Í september 2021 fór Michelle Bachelet, mannréttindafulltrúi Sameinuðu þjóðanna, fram á óháða rannsókn á fregnum af því að mörghundruð óbreyttra borgara hefðu verið myrt árás á bæinn Mai-Kadra í Tígraí-héraði. Abiy Ahmed, forsætisráðherra Eþíópíu, og Debretsion Gebremichael, leiðtogi TPLF, sökuðu hvor annan um að standa fyrir ódæðinu en sjónarvottar sögðu liðssveitir hliðhollar TPLF hafa staðið fyrir morðunum.

Í september 2021 birti Amnesty International skýrslu þar sem hersveitir sem studdu eþíópísk stjórnvöld voru sakaðar um að hafa beitt hundruðum kvenna og stúlkna nauðgunum og öðru kynferðislegu ofbeldi á átakasvæðunum í Tígraí-héraði.

Mannréttindaskrifstofa Sameinuðu þjóðanna birti skýrslu í nóvember 2021 þar sem herir TPLF, Eþíópíu og Eritreu voru allir sakaðir um ódæðisverk sem flokka mætti sem stríðsglæpi og glæpi gegn mannúð. Hermenn allra fylkinga voru sakaðir um árásir á byggingar eins og skóla, sjúkrahús og bænahús auk þess sem vísað var til fjölda hefndardrápa og hópnauðgana.

Undir lok stríðsins, í nóvember 2022, skilaði rannsóknarnefnd á vegum Mannréttindaráðs Sameinuðu þjóðanna skýrslu þar sem báðir stríðsaðilar voru sakaðir um alvarlega glæpi á borð við aftökur án dóms og laga og nauðganir. Nefndin sagði fulla ástæðu til að ætla að brotin jafngiltu stríðsglæpum og glæpum gegn mannúð. Stjórnarherinn var jafnframt sakaður um að hafa hindrað aðgengi íbúa Tígraí að grundvallarnauðsynjum á borð við vatn, heilbrigðisþjónustu og neyðaraðstoð hjálparsamtaka.

Tilvísanir

Borgarastríð
Saga Eþíópíu
Stríð á 21. öld

Stríðið í Tígraí


Aaron Chia (; Batu Berendam, 12 de agosto de 1995) é um jogador de badminton malaio, medalhista olímpico.

Carreira

Nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020, em Tóquio, conquistou a medalha de bronze na categoria duplas masculinas ao lado de Soh Wooi Yik após confronto contra os indonésios Mohammad Ahsan e Hendra Setiawan. Ele faz parte da seleção nacional desde 2015.

Jogadores de badmínton da Malásia
Jogadores de badminton nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Aaron Chia


"They Say" prvi je singl američko-armenskog rock sastava Scars on Broadway. Pjesma je bila dostupna na MySpace profilu, i na službenoj stranici sastava, 28. ožujka, 2008. godine.

Pjesma je bila dostupna za skidanje za videoigru Rock Band 29. srpnja, 2008. godine, iste godine kada je album službeno izašao. Također je jedna od pjesama u videoigri Guitar Hero 5. Kao jedna od radio pjesama, pojavila se u Colin McRae: Dirt 2.

Izvori

Singlovi iz 2008.

They Say


Saint-Ambroix ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Gard der Region Okzitanien.

Geografie
Saint-Ambroix liegt am Mittellauf des touristisch geprägten Tals der Cèze, in der Nähe von Alès. Der Ort liegt an der Bahnlinie Alès – Bessèges.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Partnerschaften
Saint-Ambroix unterhält Partnerschaften mit der mittelhessischen Stadt Aßlar und der italienischen Gemeinde Fossato di Vico (Umbrien).

Weblinks

Ort in Okzitanien
Weinbauort in Frankreich

Saint-Ambroix (Gard)


Daljska planina (Dalj-planina), hrbat je u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji, 230 km istočno od Zagreba.

Klima
Na ovom podneblju vlada kontinentalna klima. Prosječna godišnja temparatura je 11 °C. Najtopliji mjesec je srpanj s prosječnom temparaturom 23 °C, dok je najhladniji prosinac s prosječnom temparaturom -3 °C. Godišnje oborine su 977 milimetera. Najkišovitiji je mjesec svibanj sa 168 mm oborina a najmanje oborina je u studenom, 50 mm.

Minimalne i maksimalne temperature zabilježene u regiji Daljske planine

Oborine u regiji Daljske planine u mm

Izvori

Brda u Hrvatskoj

Daljska planina


Ester ante Asuero es un cuadro del pintor francés Nicolas Poussin, uno de los más destacados de la escuela clasicista.

Poussin escoge un pasaje del libro bíblico de Ester, en el que esta se presenta ante su esposo (generalmente identificado con el rey persa Jerjes I) sin haber solicitado una audiencia previa, para interceder por los judíos, arriesgando por lo tanto su vida.

Como otros episodios bíblicos, es un tema representado con mucha profusión en los siglos XVI y XVII, en las artes figurativas pero también en múltiples cuadros, como el de Tintoretto conservado en el Museo del Prado.

Véase también
 Ester y Asuero, cuadro de Artemisia Gentileschi

Referencias

Cuadros de 1655
Colecciones del Museo del Hermitage
Pinturas representando temas del Antiguo Testamento

Ester ante Asuero (Poussin)


Dolores Beristáin (Ciudad de México; 10 de diciembre de 1926 - 27 de abril de 2010), registrada al nacer como Dolores Bravo Mancera, fue una actriz mexicana.

Biografía
Nació en la Ciudad de México. Fue nieta del filántropo mexicano Gabriel Mancera, inició su carrera como cantante en 1942. Junto con su hermana María Teresa, conformó el dueto Teresa y Lolita "El dueto de la belleza y la juventud", como eran anunciadas en la radio, y a fines de la misma década debutó como actriz en el teatro, en la obra Los padres terribles, de la compañía de María Tereza Montoya. Poco tiempo después, conoció al también actor Luis Beristáin, con quien procreó dos hijos: Francisco y Arturo, este último un destacado actor. Dolores enviudó en 1962 y decidió retomar su carrera artística con el apellido de su marido. Su primer trabajo en este período fue en la telenovela El dios de barro, en 1970. Fue una gran actriz de cine, participó en películas como El rincón de las vírgenes, María de mi corazón, El secreto de Romelia (por la que fue galardonada con el Ariel a Mejor co-actuación femenina), Principio y fin y Hasta morir (por la que volvió a ser nominada para el Ariel, esta vez como Mejor actriz de cuadro). También destacó en televisión, en telenovelas como Las fieras, La gloria y el infierno, El padre Gallo, Tal como somos, La fuerza del amor y La sombra del otro, entre otras.

Su último trabajo como actriz fue en el 2000, en la película Entre la tarde y la noche. Falleció el 27 de abril del 2010, debido a complicaciones respiratorias.

Filmografía

Películas
 Entre la tarde y la noche (1999)
 El tesoro de Clotilde (1998) .... Clotilde
 Adiós mamá (1997) .... Mamá
 Bésame en la boca (1995) .... Abuela
 Hasta morir (1994) .... Chenta
 Principio y fin (1993) .... Cleo
 Hugo Argüelles (1990) .... Ella misma
 Cuento de Navidad (1989)
 El secreto de Romelia (1988) .... Romelia Orantes
 Un día, una familia, una equis (1986)
 La hermana enemiga (1979)
 María de mi corazón (1979)
 Las noches de Paloma (1978) .... Hermana Teté
 Mil caminos tiene la muerte (1977) .... La Madre
 El moro de Cumpas (1977)
 La palomilla al rescate (1976)
 La vida cambia (1976)
 Espejismo de la ciudad (1976) .... Esposa de Don Fili
 Chin chin el Teporocho (1975)
 El premio Nobel del amor (1973)
 El rincón de las vírgenes (1972) .... Señora Terrones
 Los marcados (1971)

 Televisión
 Mujer, casos de la vida real (1997) (episodio "El landru de guerrero")
 La sombra del otro (1996) .... Concepción "Conchita" de la Riva
 Sentimientos ajenos (1996-1997) .... Graciela
 Clarisa (1993) .... Dolores
 La fuerza del amor (1990-1991) .... Evelyn
 Un rostro en mi pasado (1989-1990) .... Irene
 Nuevo amanecer (1988-1989) .... Adela vda. de Ramírez
 Tiempo de amar (1987) .... Lola
 Tal como somos (1987-1988)
 El padre Gallo (1986-1987) .... Doña Nati
 La gloria y el infierno (1986) .... Vicenta
 Te amo (1984-1985) .... Aída
 Toda una vida (1981) .... Romualda
 Añoranza (1979)
 Acompáñame (1977-1978) .... Vecina
 Las fieras (1972) .... Nicole
 El dios de barro'' (1970)

Reconocimientos

Premios Ariel

Premios ACE

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Ciudad de México
Fallecidos en Ciudad de México
Actrices de Ciudad de México
Actrices de televisión de México
Actrices de cine de México
Fallecidos por enfermedades respiratorias

Dolores Beristáin


Moio (del latín "modius"), es un término metrológico que, a lo largo de la historia de Portugal, designó diferentes medidas de capacidad para sólidos y líquidos y superficies. Como medida de capacidad era normalmente definido a través de un cierto número de alqueires o almudes. La transformación de medida de volumen en medida de superficie (medida agraria) ocurrió a través de la determinación del área media de terreno que podía ser sembrada con un moio de semilla.

Historia
En la Roma Antigua, el moio ("modius") era una medida de capacidad que equivalía de 8,7 a 9,2 litros.

Más tarde, en el , en la región del Condado Portucalense, se registraron moios con capacidades del orden de 3 a 9 moios romanos. Su valor más común fue tal vez 6 moios romanos (entre 27 y 54 litros). En el sistema del Condado Portucalense, no obstante, el moio había pasado a representar 64 alqueires, o sea, cerca de 220 litros. En el sistema introducido por Afonso I de Portugal la definición del moio se mantuvo, pero dado el aumento de la capacidad del alqueire, el moio pasó a equivaler cerca de 560 litros. En paralelo con esos sistemas principales, sobrevivían también sistemas en que el moio mantenía una capacidad muy reducida, como por ejemplo el sistema de medidas de la sal en Aveiro, donde el moio se constituía en una medida de apenas 13,1 litros.

Bajo el reinado de Pedro I de Portugal, debido a un nuevo aumento de la capacidad del alqueire oficial, el moio pasó a equivaler cerca de 630 litros. En el sistema de Manuel I de Portugal, el moio pasó a representar unos 60 alqueires de Lisboa (de 13,1 litros), lo que resultó en un valor cercano a los 790 litros.

A pesar de los esfuerzos de estandarización de los sucesivos monarcas, el valor del moio continuó variando de región en región - aunque en menor escala que en la Edad Media -, siempre de acuerdo al valor del alqueire.

Unidad utilizada en la especificación de precios
En la documentación medieval portuguesa hasta mediados del , el término "moio" era también utilizado en la especificación de los precios. En algunas regiones rurales, su utilización se mantuvo hasta más tarde. Su valor, no obstante, no equivalía ni al "modius" romano, ni tan poco al moio de medida oficialmente usado en el Condado Portucalense, ni inclusive en los primeros reinados de la monarquía portuguesa. El moio de precio tenía un valor próximo o equivalente a 25 litros de cereal, o sea, un valor próximo a los moios usados antes de la introducción del alqueire y de todo el sistema del Condado Portucalense.

Unidad de medida agraria
Como unidad de medida de área agrícola, pese a la versificación legalmente impuesta, se mantiene en uso corriente en muchas regiones, aunque su dimensión varía grandemente en función del alqueire del cual es derivado y de la medida lineal usada para su cálculo (vara, codo o similares). Un alqueire de tierra, expresado en varas pequeñas, corresponde a 968 m² en la isla Terceira, en las Azores.

Bibliografía
 LOPES, Seabra. "El Moio-medida y el Moio de los Precios en Portugal en los Siglos XI a XIII". Anuario de Estudios Medievales, vol. 35 (1), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, 2005, p. 25-46.
 LOPES, Seabra. "Sistemas Legales de Medidas de Peso y Capacidad, del Condado Portucalense al Siglo XVI". Portugalia, Nueva Serie, vol. XXIV, Facultad de Letras de la Universidad del Puerto, 2003, p. 113-164.
 LOPES, Seabra. "Las Antiguas Medidas del Sal de Aveiro". Boletim Municipal de Cultura, Año XVIII, n.º 36, Cámara Municipal de Aveiro, 2000, p. 59-73.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Pesos y medidas tradicionales
 Unidades tradicionales de medida.

Unidades de medida

Moio


12574 LONEOS este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
12574 LONEOS este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Fountain Hills de Charles W. Juels. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,69 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 11,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 12001-13000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

12574 LONEOS


Wasit Governorate () is a governorate in eastern Iraq, south-east of Baghdad and bordering Iran. Prior to 1976 it was known as Kut Province. Major cities include the capital Al-Kut, Al-Hai and Al-Suwaira. The governorate contains the Mesopotamian Marshes of Shuwayja, Al-Attariyah, and Hor Aldelmj. Its name comes from the Arabic word meaning "middle", as the former city of Wasit lay along the Tigris about midway between Baghdad and Basra. Wasit city was abandoned after the Tigris shifted course.

History

The ancient Sumerian city-state of Der is located near the town of Badra.

The governorate experienced heavy fighting in the Iran–Iraq War, specifically the Battle of the Marshes.

During the Iraq spring fighting of 2004, the Mahdi Army briefly took control of the capital Kut, from April 6 to April 16, before being defeated by US forces.

Demographics
The population is approximately 1,450,000. The majority are Shia Arabs. The marshes have traditionally been home to many Marsh Arabs. There are also Feyli Kurds in the eastern town of Badra.  A small feyli kurds community exists east of Kut.

As of 2007, the unemployment rate is 10% and the poverty rate 35%.

Provincial government
Governor: Malik Khalaf
Deputy Governor: Ahmed Abdu Salam

Districts

 Al-Aziziyah
 Badra
 Al-Hai
 Kut
 Numaniyah
 Suwaira

References

External links
Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit Reports, Maps and Assessments of Iraq's Governorates from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit

Governorates of Iraq

Wasit Governorate


Tuluka (Re'-ho, Tulkays, Tu-lo-kai'-di-sel), nekadašnje selo Hill Patwin Indijanaca koje se nalazilo u dolini Pope valley, okrug Napa u Kaliforniji. Točna lokacija sela nije poznata.

Prema Powersu, Španjolci su 1838. odveli većinu plemena u misiju Sonoma, gdje je veći dio ubrzo umro od boginja. Bilo je samo troje preživjelih 1842.

Izvori

Patwin

Tuluka


A National Capital Planning Commission () é a agência federal responsável pelo planejamento da região onde fica a capital dos Estados Unidos. Ela colabora com outras agências federais para proteger e valorizar os recursos e os bens federais de grande valor histórico, cultural e natural da região, visando atender ao governo federal e melhorar a qualidade de vida de quem visita, trabalha ou mora na região.

História
A Comissão foi criada pelo Congresso em 1924 para comprar áreas verdes para a capital e ganhou o nome atual em 1952. A Comissão tem doze membros, sendo três nomeados pelo presidente, um da Virgínia e um de Marilândia, o prefeito de Washington, D.C., o presidente do Conselho do Distrito de Columbia, dois nomeados pelo prefeito, e o presidente dos comitês da Câmara e do Senado que fiscalizam o Distrito. A Comissão também conta com os chefes das três principais agências que possuem terras na região, que são o Departamento de Defesa, o Departamento do Interior e a Administração de Serviços Gerais. Um dos primeiros membros da Comissão foi o arquiteto Clarence C. Zantzinger, natural da Filadélfia.

Responsabilidades
As principais responsabilidades da Comissão incluem:

Design Urbano e Revisão de Planos – A principal função da Comissão é avaliar os projetos de desenvolvimento federal na região. Ela examina planos e projetos de diferentes tipos, desde monumentos comemorativos até construções ou reformas de prédios federais.
Planejamento Abrangente – A Comissão elabora planos integrados para direcionar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da região onde fica a capital nacional, como o Plano Federal da Capital Nacional e o Plano Integrado da Área Central Nacional.
Segurança e Preparação – A Comissão organiza os esforços de planejamento para assegurar a segurança e a prontidão das instalações federais na região, como o Programa de Segurança Perimetral Federal.
Preservação Histórica – A Comissão preserva e valoriza os recursos históricos e culturais da região, como os Monumentos Nacionais e os Marcos Históricos Nacionais.
Relações Exteriores – A Comissão fiscaliza as questões relacionadas às missões estrangeiras e aos centros internacionais na região, como a localização e o design das embaixadas e consulados.

Washington, D.C.

National Capital Planning Commission


Slaget ved Maldon fandt sted den 11. august 991 øst for byen Maldon ved Blackwater-flodens udløb i Essex, England, i Ethelred 2. den Rådvildes regeringstid. Ealdorman Byrhtnoth var anfører for angelsakserne, der gik i kamp mod indtrængende vikinger.

Slaget endte med et angelsaksisk nederlag. Efter slaget rådede ærkebiskop Sigeric af Canterbury og rådmændene fra de sydvestlige provinser kong Ethelred til at betale vikingerne for at forlade landet, i stedet for at fortsætte med den væbnede kamp. Resultatet blev at der blev betalt 10.000 romerske pund (3.300 kg) sølv, hvilket var det første eksempel på danegæld i England.

Vikingerne siges i Den angelsaksiske krønike at være ledet af Olav Tryggvason, som faktisk opholdt sig i England i 991. Navnet kan alligevel være indskudt i teksten senere, for John af Worcester skriver i sin krønike fra det samme år, at "danerne ødelagde Ipswich under ledelse af Justin og Guthmund, søn af Steitan".

Kilder til slaget
En beretning om slaget findes i det angelsaksiske digt Slaget ved Maldon, måske bestilt af Byrhtnoths enke, der skænkede et vægtæppe til katedralen i Ely, hvor hendes mand ligger gravlagt (uden sit hoved). Digtet indgår i den samme tradition som det 200-250 år ældre Beowulfkvad.

Slaget beskrives også i Den angelsaksiske krønike, i Liber Eliensis (= Ely-bogen) og Vita Oswaldi. Oplysninger i Den angelsaksiske krønike er meget kortfattede:991 Her wæs Gypeswic gehergod, 7 æfter þæm swyðe raþe wæs Byrihtnoð ealdorman ofslagan æt Meldune. 7 on þam geare man gerædde þæt man geald ærest gafol Deniscum mannum for þam myclan brogan þe hi worhton be þam særiman, þæt wæs ærest .x. þusend punda. Þæne ræd gerædde ærest Syric arcebisceop."991: Her blev Ipswich hærget. Meget kort tid bagefter blev ealdorman Byrhtnoth dræbt ved Maldon. I det samme år blev det for første gang bestemt, at man skulle betale tribut til danerne pga deres store plynder langsmed kysten; til at begynde med ti tusen pund. Ærkebiskop Sigric besluttede først i sagen.»

At vikingerne omtales som "daner" - også på Byrhtnoths gravsten i Ely-katedralen - må ikke opfattes bogstaveligt. Angelsakserne skilte ikke mellem nordboerne, og sagde "daner" som fælles betegnelse, uanset hvor de kom fra. Ifølge Snorre Sturlason talte nordboerne med "dansk tunge". Det betyder ikke, at der ingen danskere var; måske var de også i flertal.

Versjon A af krøniken, som er ældst, opgiver navnet på vikingernes leder som Olav Tryggvason. Her hævdes, at slaget endte med en fredsslutning, og at nordmanden lod sig døbe. Men andre kilder oplyser, at Olav Tryggvason blev døbt i 994, da han sammen med Svend Tveskæg hærgede i det sydøstlige England. Den ældste beretning har sandsynligvis blandet de to årstal sammen.

Originalen til digtet Slaget ved Maldon gik tabt i en tragisk brand i 1831, men slaget omtales også i en latinsk version af Vita Oswaldi (St. Oswalds liv), skrevet af munken Byrhtferth ved klosteret i Ramsey, en af datidens bedst kvalifiserede lærde. Vita Oswaldi er sandsynligvis skrevet i løbet av det første tiår efter St. Oswalds død i 992. Det er den tidligste beretning om slaget på latin og adskiller sig fra det angelsaksiske digt, idet Vita Oswaldi'' hævder, at angelsakserne flygtede i stedet for at kæmpe til sidste mand. Byrhtferth sætter kampen i en større sammenhæng af vikingeangreb, et vestpå, hvor vikingerne tabte, og dette ved Maldon, hvor vikingerne sejrede. Byrhtferths beskrivelse af Byrhtnoth minder om Eleazar i Makkabæerbøgerne, som en nærmest overnaturlig, profetisk skikkelse.

Referencer

Maldon, Slaget ved
Maldon
Begivenheder i 991
Essex

Slaget ved Maldon


Anastassija Petrowna Dobromyslowa (; * 26. September 1984 in Kalinin, Russische SFSR), meist Anastasia Dobromyslova geschrieben, ist eine russische Dartspielerin und Weltmeisterin mit dem Spitznamen "From Russia with Love".

Karriere

Bis 2005: Erste Titel in der Jugend
Erstmals auf sich aufmerksam machte Dobromyslova mit dem Sieg beim WDF Europe Cup Youth in der Klasse der Mädchen am 11. Juli 2001. Drei Monate später gewann sie auch beim World Masters 2001 den Titel der Mädchen. 2002 konnte sie ihren WDF Europe Cup Youth verteidigen und nahm erstmals am Damenwettbewerb des WDF Europe Cups teil, wo sie das Halbfinale erreichte, welches sie gegen Francis Hoenselaar verlor. Ein Jahr später spielte sie sich beim WDF World Cup bis ins Viertelfinale.

Bei der World Darts Trophy 2004 kam Dobromyslova bis ins Finale, in dem sie erneut von Francis Hoenselaar geschlagen wurde.

2005 gewann Dobromyslova die Dutch Open. Im Finale schlug sie Claire Bywaters mit 3:1 in Sätzen. Ihre erste Teilnahme bei den World Masters in der Damenklasse endete für sie im Achtelfinale.

2006–2008: WM-Titel und erste Gehversuche bei der PDC
Ein Jahr später ging es für Dobromyslova beim World Masters eine Runde weiter bis ins Viertelfinale, wo sie gegen Carla Molema ausschied. Ihr Debüt bei der BDO World Darts Championship gab sie 2007, als sie nach einem 2:0-Sieg gegen Carina Ekberg im Halbfinale gegen die spätere Weltmeisterin Trina Gulliver mit 0:2 in Sätzen ausschied.

2007 meldete sich Dobromyslova erstmals für ein Turnier der Professional Darts Corporation. Am 3. Juni 2007 nahm sie an der Thialf Darts Trophy, einem Turnier der PDC Pro Tour teil. Sie verlor jedoch gleich ihr erstes Match gegen Andy Hamilton mit 0:3.

Bei der BDO World Darts Championship 2008 gewann Dobromyslova im Alter von 23 Jahren ihren ersten Weltmeistertitel. Nach Siegen über Dee Bateman und Stephanie Smee schlug sie im Finale die siebenmalige Weltmeisterin Trina Gulliver mit 2:0 in Sätzen. Sie war damit erst die zweite Weltmeisterin in der Geschichte der BDO und die erste, die Gulliver beim WM-Turnier schlagen konnte.

Einen Monat später gewann Dobromyslova erneut die Dutch Open gegen Carla Molema.

Am 11. Mai 2008 spielte sie den UK Open Amateur Qualifier, den sie nach zwei Siegen erfolgreich absolvieren und sich damit für die UK Open und damit ihr erstes PDC-Major qualifizieren konnte. Dort verlor sie ihr Erstrundenmatch knapp gegen Robert Thornton mit 5:6 in Legs.

Als BDO-Weltmeisterin qualifizierte sich Dobromyslova erstmals für den Grand Slam of Darts, konnte jedoch keines der drei Gruppenspiele gewinnen.

Beim World Masters 2008 kam Dobromyslova ins Finale, welches sie jedoch gegen Francis Hoenselaar mit 3:4 in Sätzen verlor.

Ende 2008 erhielt Dobromyslova eine Wildcard für die PDC World Darts Championship 2009, nachdem der indische Qualifikant seine Teilnahme kurzfristig zurückzog. Als zweite Frau nach Gayl King im Jahr 2000 absolvierte sie ein Spiel bei einer PDC-WM, verlor jedoch in der Vorrunde gegen Remco van Eijden mit 3:5 in Legs.

2009–2010: PDC-Karriere
2009 vollzog sie den Wechsel von der BDO zur PDC. Sie spielte daraufhin die Turniere der PDC Pro Tour 2009. Ihr bestes Ergebnis war dabei beim UK Open Scottish Regional Final, als sie in die Runde der letzten 32 einzog. Bei den UK Open verlor sie jedoch gegen Andy Roberts mit 2:6 in Legs.

Im November 2009 spielte sie erneut den Grand Slam of Darts. Nach einem Whitewash, den sie gegen Phil Taylor kassierte, gewann sie ihr zweites Gruppenspiel mit 5:4 gegen Vincent van der Voort. Dabei handelte es sich um den zweiten Sieg einer Frau über einem Mann vor TV-Kameras nach Deta Hedman bei den UK Open 2005. Nach einer 2:5-Niederlage gegen Mark Webster musste sie sich jedoch erneut mit dem vierten und letzten Platz in ihrer Gruppe begnügen.

Knapp zwei Wochen später verpasste sie knapp die erneute Qualifikation für die PDC-Weltmeisterschaft, als sie im Finale des Russian Qualifier mit 3:7 gegen Roman Konchikov verlor.

Bei der PDC Pro Tour 2010 konnte sie deutlich weniger Spiele gewinnen als noch ein Jahr zuvor. Erneut war das beste Ergebnis ein Einzug in die Runde der letzten 32 beim Players Championship Wigan 2. Bei der bisher einmalig ausgetragenen PDC Women's World Darts Championship scheiterte sie im Halbfinale an der späteren Weltmeisterin Stacy Bromberg.

Beim Russian Qualifier für die PDC World Darts Championship 2011 erreichte sie erneut das Finale, musste sich jedoch diesmal gegen Andrei Ratnikov mit 1:8 geschlagen geben. Eine Woche später durfte sie jedoch gemeinsam mit Roman Konchikow ihr Heimatland Russland beim World Cup of Darts vertreten. In der ersten Runde schlugen sie das Duo aus Gibraltar mit 6:4, verloren jedoch das Achtelfinale gegen Schottland mit 2:6.

2011–2014: Zurück bei der BDO
Nach dem Ausbleiben größerer Erfolge bei der PDC wechselte Dobromyslowa wieder zurück zur BDO. Hier konnte sie schnell wieder Fuß fassen und gewann Ende März 2011 die Hal Open. Drei Monate später kürte sie sich zur Siegerin der BDO International Open und wieder einen Monat später gewann sie das England Masters. Es folgten zwei Titel beim Tops of Ghent und dem Latvia Open. Im Dezember trat sie erstmals beim Zuiderduin Masters an und wurde Zweite in ihrer Dreiergruppe.

Über den Qualifier qualifizierte sich Dobromyslova für die BDO World Darts Championship 2012, die sie nach Siegen über Julie Gore und Trina Gulliver im Finale gegen Deta Hedman gewinnen konnte und sich somit zum zweiten Mal zur BDO-Weltmeisterin küren konnte.

Es folgten Siege beim Welsh Classic, den England Open sowie den England Masters und den Antwerp Open. 2012 gewann Dobromyslova erstmals das Zuiderduin Masters im Finale gegen Aileen de Graaf.

Einen Monat später verteidigte Dobromyslova ihren WM-Titel. Im Finale der BDO World Darts Championship 2013 gewann sie mit 2:1 in Sätzen gegen Lisa Ashton. Auf der darauffolgenden BDO-Tour holte sie mit den Isle of Man Open, den England Masters und dem Tops of Ghent erneut drei Titel. Im Finale der Zuiderduin Masters kam es zur Neuauflage des Vorjahresfinals, dieses Mal verlor Dobromyslova jedoch gegen Aileen de Graaf.

Bei der BDO World Darts Championship 2014, an der erstmals 16 Spielerinnen teilnahmen, zog Dobromyslova nach zwei Siegen ins Halbfinale ein, welches sie mit 1:2 gegen Lisa Ashton verlor.

2014 bis 2022: Zweite PDC-WM-Teilnahme und Ausschluss von allen WDF-Turnieren
Im Jahr 2014 gewann Dobromyslova insgesamt 13 Titel, unter anderem alle drei Major-Titel (mit Ausnahme der Weltmeisterschaft) und den WDF Europe Cup. Im Finale der BDO World Trophy 2014 machte sie ihre Halbfinalniederlage bei der Weltmeisterschaft gegen Lisa Ashton wieder gut und gewann mit 9:7. Das World Masters gewann sie mit 4:1 in Sätzen gegen Fallon Sherrock und das Zuiderduin Masters mit 2:1 in Sätzen gegen Aileen de Graaf.

Bei der BDO World Darts Championship 2015 scheiterte Dobromyslova erneut im Halbfinale, dieses Mal mit 1:2 an Fallon Sherrock. Mit dem England Matchplay und den Sunparks Masters gelangen ihr zwei Titel im Jahr 2015. Beim Finder Darts Masters verlor sie im Finale, ebenfalls gegen Sherrock.

Die darauffolgende BDO World Darts Championship endete erstmals für Dobromyslova im ersten Spiel, welches sie gegen Anca Zijlstra mit 1:2 verlor.

Titel gab es im Jahr 2016 beim Top Of Waregem, dem BDO Gold Cup, dem European Darts Classic sowie den Czech Open. Außerdem gewann Dobromyslova mit dem Finder Darts Masters wieder ein Major. Bei der BDO World Darts Championship 2017 verlor sie das Halbfinale gegen Corrine Hammond mit 0:2.

Im Oktober 2017 gewann Dobromyslova den einzigen Titel des Jahres bei den Northern Ireland Open. Die BDO-WM 2018 endete mit einer Niederlage im Finale für Dobromyslova gegen Lisa Ashton.

Die Saison 2018 verlief für Dobromyslova wieder erfolgreicher. Vier Titel gelangen ihr auf der BDO-Tour, dazu kommen zwei Halbfinals bei der BDO World Trophy und den World Masters.

Am 17. November 2018 gewann Dobromyslova den neu von der PDC geschaffenen Rest of the World Ladies Qualifier gegen Silvia Dolores Keller und qualifizierte sich damit als erste Frau zum zweiten Mal für die PDC World Darts Championship. Dort verlor sie in der ersten Runde gegen Ryan Joyce mit 0:3 in Sätzen.
Bei der BDO World Darts Championship 2019 spielte sich Dobromyslova erneut ins Halbfinale, welches sie mit 1:2 gegen Lorraine Winstanley verlor.

2019 spielte Dobromyslova erstmals die PDC Qualifying School und schaffte es am Tag 4 in die Runde der letzten 32. Eine Tour Card konnte sie sich jedoch nicht erspielen.

Ihren bisher letzten Turniersieg bei der BDO erzielte Dobromyslova beim Slovak Masters am 22. Februar 2019. Die BDO World Darts Championship 2020 endete für sie im Viertelfinale gegen die spätere Weltmeisterin Mikuru Suzuki.

Im Oktober 2020 spielte Dobromyslova die erstmals ausgetragene Women's Series und kam einmal ins Achtelfinale.

Bei ihrer zweiten Teilnahme an der PDC Qualifying School 2021 schaffte Dobromyslova es nicht, sich für die Finals Stage zu qualifizieren. Auch auf der PDC Challenge Tour daraufhin gelangen ihr kaum Siege. Bei den England Open erreichte sie daraufhin das Finale, welches sie mit 2:6 gegen Deta Hedman verlor. Auch bei den Denmark Open unterlag sie im Finale, diesmal Anca Zijlstra. Bei den Irish Open im November gewann sie dann ihren ersten Gold-Titel des Jahres. Mit 5:4 siegte sie über Deta Hedman im Finale.

Bei den Czech Open im November 2021 verlor sie im Viertelfinale gegen Laura Turner. Es ist ihr vorerst letztes Turnier bei der World Darts Federation gewesen. Der Weltverband entschied am 4. März 2022, dass aufgrund des Russischen Überfalls auf die Ukraine alle russischen Staatsangehörigen nicht mehr an den Turnieren der WDF teilnehmen dürfen, wovon auch Dobromyslowa betroffen ist. Somit durfte sie auch nicht an der WDF World Darts Championship 2022 teilnehmen.

Ende Oktober 2022 kehrte Dobromyslowa – unter neutraler Flagge – auf die PDC Women's Series zurück. Sie zog dabei zweimal ins Viertelfinale ein.

Weltmeisterschaftsresultate

BDO
 2007: Halbfinale (0:2-Niederlage gegen  Trina Gulliver)
 2008: Gewinnerin (2:0-Sieg gegen  Trina Gulliver)
 2012: Gewinnerin (2:1-Sieg gegen  Deta Hedman)
 2013: Gewinnerin (2:1-Sieg gegen  Lisa Ashton)
 2014: Halbfinale (1:2-Niederlage gegen  Lisa Ashton)
 2015: Halbfinale (1:2-Niederlage gegen  Fallon Sherrock)
 2016: 1. Runde (1:2-Niederlage gegen  Anca Zijlstra)
 2017: Halbfinale (0:2-Niederlage gegen  Corrine Hammond)
 2018: Finale (1:3-Niederlage gegen  Lisa Ashton)
 2019: Halbfinale (1:2-Niederlage gegen  Lorraine Winstanley)
 2020: Viertelfinale (0:2-Niederlage gegen  Mikuru Suzuki)

PDC
 2009: Vorrunde (3:5-Niederlage gegen  Remco van Eijden)
 2010: Halbfinale (3:4-Niederlage gegen  Stacy Bromberg)
 2019: 1. Runde (0:3-Niederlage gegen  Ryan Joyce)

Weblinks

 Spielerprofil bei dartn.de

Einzelnachweise

Dartspieler (Russland)
Weltmeister (Dart)
Russe
Geboren 1984
Frau

Anastassija Petrowna Dobromyslowa


روبيرتو لويس غاسبار دي ديوس سيفيرو الشهير باسم بيتو  (مواليد 3 مايو 1976 في لشبونة - البرتغال) لاعب كرة قدم برتغالي سابق كان يجيد اللعب في خط الدفاع.

لعب بيتو في أندية سبورتنغ لشبونة (1990-2006) يونياو لاماس بالإعارة (1994-1995) كامبومايورينزي بالإعارة (1995-1996) بوردو الفرنسي (2006) .

ساهم بيتو في تتويج نادي سبورتنغ لشبونة ببطولة دوري الدرجة الممتازة موسمي 1999/2000 و2001/2002 وكأس البرتغال موسم 2001/2002 وكأس السوبر البرتغالي 2000 و2002 .

شارك بيتو في أول مباراة دولية مع منتخب البرتغال في مواجهة منتخب ألمانيا وديا في 6 سبتمبر 1997 وانتهت بالتعادل 1/1 . شارك بيتو في بطولة كأس الأمم الأوروبية لكرة القدم 2000 التي أقيمت في هولندا وبلجيكا وساهم في تأهل منتخب البرتغال إلى الدور النصف النهائي حيث خسروا من منتخب فرنسا 1/2 . ثم تم استدعائه للمشاركة في بطولة كأس العالم لكرة القدم 2002 التي أقيمت في كوريا الجنوبية واليابان معا . لعب بيتو أساسيا في المباراة الأولى أمام منتخب الولايات المتحدة والتي انتهت بالخسارة 2/3 ثم شارك بديلا في الدقيقة 63 في المباراة الثانية التي حققوا فيها فوزا كاسحا على منتخب بولندا 4/0 وفي المباراة الثالثة أمام منتخب كوريا الجنوبية المستضيف تعرض بيتو لموقف عصيب بحصوله على بطاقتين صفراوين وبالتالي الطرد من أرضية الملعب في الدقيقة 66 وانتهت المباراة بالخسارة 0/1 والخروج من البطولة من دورها الأول . تم استدعاء بيتو مجددا للانضمام إلى تشكيلة منتخب البرتغال للمشاركة في بطولة كأس الأمم الأوروبية لكرة القدم 2004 التي أقيمت في البرتغال ولكنه لم يشارك في أي مباراة بسبب تفضيل المدرب البرازيلي لويس فيليب سكولاري للثنائي ريكاردو كارفاليو وجورجي أندراده عليه . في نهاية البطولة أعلن بيتو اعتزاله اللعب الدولي حيث أصبح مجموع مبارياته 31 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برتغاليون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون برتغاليون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون برتغاليون مغتربون في فرنسا
رياضيون من لشبونة
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الزيرا
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2000
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2004
لاعبو بوردو
لاعبو ريكرياتيفو
لاعبو سبورتينغ لشبونة
لاعبو كأس العالم 2002
لاعبو كرة قدم أولمبيون من البرتغال
لاعبو كرة قدم برتغاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم برتغاليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برتغاليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1996
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم من لشبونة
لاعبو منتخب البرتغال تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب البرتغال لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب البرتغال لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي بيليننسش
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
معلقو كرة قدم برتغاليون
مواليد 1976
مواليد في لشبونة

بيتو


La Ruta Estatal de Nevada 673, y abreviada SR 673 (en inglés: Nevada State Route 673) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Nevada. La carretera inicia en el Sur desde la N. Virginia St. near Reno hacia el Norte en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 0,6 km (0.397 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de Nevada 673 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Nevada por sus siglas en inglés Nevada DOT.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Nevada DOT

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Nevada

Ruta Estatal de Nevada 673


An Festuca michaelis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Consuelo Cebolla ngan Rivas Ponce. An Festuca michaelis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Festuca, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Spain. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Festuca

Festuca michaelis


හිනිළුවෙකු යනු පිරිමි අශ්වයෙකු සහ ගැහැණු බූරුවෙකු  අතර ඇති වන ගෘහාශ්‍රිත අශ්චිය දෙමුහුමක් නිසා බිහිවන ප්‍රජනිතයෙකි. මෙම සතා, ගැහැණු අශ්වයෙකු සහ පිරිමි බූරුවෙකු අතර සහවාසයෙහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් වන හා වඩාත් පොදු  ප්‍රජනිතයෙක් වන කොටළුවා වැනි එකෙකි.

සත්තු

හිනිළුවා


قائمة بالأبطال في بطولة 1975 أمريكا المفتوحة:

الكبار

فردي رجال

 مانويل أورانتس هزم  جيمي كونرز, 6-4, 6-3, 6-4

فردي سيدات

 كريس إيفرت هزم  إيفون كاولي, 5-7, 6-4, 6-2

مراجع

الرياضة في مدينة نيويورك في 1975
أحداث أغسطس 1975 الرياضية في الولايات المتحدة
أحداث سبتمبر 1975 الرياضية في الولايات المتحدة
أمريكا المفتوحة حسب السنة (كرة مضرب)
كرة المضرب في 1975
كرة مضرب أمريكية في 1975

أمريكا المفتوحة 1975 (كرة مضرب)


13 is the sixth studio album by English alternative rock band Blur, released on 15 March 1999. Continuing the stylistic shift away from the Britpop sound of the band's early career, 13 explores experimental, psychedelic and electronic music.

Recording took place from June to October 1998 in London and Reykjavík. The album marks a departure of the band's longtime producer, Stephen Street, with his role being filled by William Orbit, who they had chosen after the release of the remix album, Bustin' + Dronin' (1998). Relationships between the band members were reported to be strained, with members frequently missing from the sessions. Lyrically, the album is significantly darker and more innovative than Blur's previous efforts, being heavily inspired by Damon Albarn's breakup with long-term girlfriend, Justine Frischmann, which followed an increasingly strained relationship. This album was the last for over a decade to feature the original line-up as Coxon left the band during the sessions of their next album Think Tank (2003), before returning for The Magic Whip (2015).

13 was released on 15 March 1999 and entered the UK Albums Chart at number one, making it Blur's fourth consecutive studio album to reach the top spot. The album was later certified Platinum. 13 also reached number one in Norway and charted within the top 20 in many other countries. The album produced three singles – "Tender", "Coffee & TV" and "No Distance Left to Run" – which charted at number 2, number 11 and number 14 respectively on the UK Singles Chart. 13 met with favourable reviews and received a nomination for the Mercury Prize, as well as for Best Album at the 2000 NME Awards.

Background

Blur's previous studio album, Blur (1997), had seen the band move away from the Britpop movement and take on a more alternative rock-influenced direction, primarily under the suggestion of guitarist Graham Coxon. The press and the industry had feared that the change in style would not be taken well with the public, and therefore the album would be commercially unsuccessful as a result. Despite these concerns, Blur was an unexpected success, particularly in America, where the album was certified gold. However, the band still wanted to innovate, so they decided to embrace a different sound. Bassist Alex James stated, "I think you just have to keep changing. That sort of thinking was, sort of, key."

The band's leader Damon Albarn had been in a long-term relationship with Justine Frischmann, of the Britpop band Elastica. Their relationship was highly publicised, the couple being described by John Harris as "proto-Posh and Becks for the indie-rock constituency." However, their relationship became strained over time, stated reasons including Albarn's desire to have children as well as Frischmann's continued friendship with ex-boyfriend Brett Anderson of Suede, who had shared a musical rivalry with Albarn. Albarn's lyrics and attitude had reflected this in the eyes of the other band members, with Coxon pointing out, "I didn't have much of a clue that things were going wrong between Damon and Justine but it was probably easy to guess." After one last holiday together in Bali in late 1997 in an attempt to rekindle their relationship, the couple finally split. Albarn later commented, "That relationship just absolutely crashed. I mean, it really was a spectacularly sad end."

After his breakup, Albarn started sharing a flat with artist Jamie Hewlett whom he had met through Coxon. Around this time, Albarn had started to broaden his musical output. Whilst he was working on 13, there were various reports that he and Hewlett were working on a secret project, which turned out to be Gorillaz, a virtual band. Albarn also started working on film soundtracks, including Ravenous, Ordinary Decent Criminal and 101 Reykjavík.

Recording
13 is Blur's first album without longtime producer Stephen Street. Instead the band "unanimously" decided that they wanted electronic music artist William Orbit to produce the album after being impressed by his remix of their track, "Movin' On", included on the remix compilation, Bustin' + Dronin' (1998). Albarn commented that "it was such a personal thing going on, we needed to have someone who didn't really know us". He also described Orbit as being "like a psychiatrist". When asked if his replacement had come as a shock, Street stated, "I just think they wanted to stretch out a bit more and, having made five albums with me, the best way to do that was to work with someone different who would approach the project in a different way. I understand that perfectly and certainly wasn't offended. I did five albums with the band and I must admit I thought each one would be the last because they were bound to want to try something new." Albarn described the decision to not work with Street as "difficult", going on to say "he'll be forever part of what we are, and ironically, he gave us the tools we needed to go it alone."

Tension in the studio ran high during the recording sessions. In Orbit's words, "There was a battle between Damon's more experimental direction, and Graham's punk one, and Graham prevailed. If that tension had been growing on previous LPs, it came to a head here." "Things were starting to fall apart between the four of us," drummer Dave Rowntree later revealed. "It was quite a sad process making it. People were not turning up to the sessions, or turning up drunk, being abusive and storming off." "I had songs," Alex James remarked. "I played them to William. He liked them. But I was sulking. I didn't play them to the others... Now I know how George Harrison felt." Coxon admitted, "I was really out there around 13, which made for some pretty great noise but I was probably a bit of a crap to be around."

"1992" had originally been recorded as a demo in 1992 and was lost until Albarn found it again on a tape six years later. "Mellow Song" was demoed as a jam session known as "Mellow Jam" that was later included as the B-side of "Tender".

Musical style and composition
13 sees the band moving further away from their Britpop past into more cerebral and denser musical territory. Some of the songs, however, are evocative of songs from their previous efforts, such as "Bugman", "Coffee & TV" and "1992". "Bugman" has an industrial rock sound. The instrumental closer "Optigan 1" was created using an Optigan optical organ. The album is in the style of a loose concept album, much like other Blur albums, in this case about life and relationships. Much of the album was inspired by Albarn's breakup with Elastica singer Justine Frischmann. Two of the singles, "Tender" and "No Distance Left to Run", describe Albarn's love for Frischmann and his struggle to move on. The album features several short hidden tracks at the end of songs, stretching the playing time out; examples of this are "Coffee & TV", "B.L.U.R.E.M.I.", "Battle" and "Caramel", the latter of which features two hidden tracks. The album is named after the band's recording studio as well as the number of tracks on the album (bar the hidden tracks).

Artwork
The cover is a portion of an oil painting by Graham Coxon called Apprentice. The album's singles also have cover art by Coxon. The numbers 1 and 3 have been painted so they also form the letter "B" – revealed on the back cover to be for Blur. This was not present on the original Apprentice, nor was the "shine" on the figure's head, which appears on 13. These additions were made long after the original Apprentice, which was painted in 1996. The band's logo does not appear on the album in any form, aside from a sticker on the CD packaging. The logo is also absent from the single covers.

Release and reception

13 holds an overall approval rating of 79 out of 100 on online review aggregator Metacritic based on 17 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Tom Doyle of Q called 13 "a dense, fascinating, idiosyncratic and accomplished art rock album", while an enthusiastic Brent DiCrescenzo of Pitchfork stated that "Blur have finally found a sound to match their name." PopMatters Sarah Zupko praised Blur's new musical approach and wrote that "proving they have the goods of a truly exceptional band, Blur has done what the greats have done before them—evolved." Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone called the album "their sloppiest, most playful set, spiking the mix with church organ, electric piano and shambling drum loops." Record Collectors Jason Draper described 13 as a "masterpiece" that stands as arguably the band's "greatest work".

In a more mixed assessment, Heather Phares of AllMusic felt that "the group's ambitions to expand their musical and emotional horizons result in a half-baked baker's dozen of songs, featuring some of their most creative peaks and self-indulgent valleys." Keith Cameron of NME concluded that 13 was "Blur's most inconsistent and infuriating statement thus far. Infuriating, because divested of four solid-gone clunkers 13 could pass muster as the best of Blur." Robert Christgau gave the album a three-star honourable mention rating, indicating "an enjoyable effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well treasure", and remarked that "halfway there, it sits down in the middle of the road and won't budge."

The music video for the hit single "Coffee & TV" cemented Blur's reputation as a cult band in the US with its protagonist Milky. The video gained heavy airplay on many modern rock channels in America.

Accolades
13 was nominated in the Album of the Year category at the 2000 NME Awards, losing to The Soft Bulletin by The Flaming Lips. 13 was also nominated for the 1999 Mercury Prize, being Blur's second album to receive a nomination. The award was eventually given to Talvin Singh for OK.

13 has received accolades from music critics, which ranks it among the greatest albums of the 1990s, according to Acclaimed Music. Some of these can be found below.

The album is ranked number 773 in All-Time Top 1000 Albums (3rd edition, 2000).

Track listing

Notes
 "Trailerpark" was originally intended for the South Park album Chef Aid, but was rejected by Rick Rubin.
 The Japanese bonus track "I Got Law" (demo version) was developed into the Gorillaz hit single "Tomorrow Comes Today".
 As well as having 13 tracks, Coxon also uses '13th' chords on several of the tracks including "Bugman", "Coffee & TV" and "B.L.U.R.E.M.I."
 "Swamp Song" was originally going to appear on the "Tender" single as a B-side, but was put on the album at the last minute.

Personnel

Blur
 Damon Albarn – vocals, piano, keyboards, synthesizers, acoustic guitar, melodica, backing vocals on "Coffee & TV"
 Graham Coxon – lead and rhythm guitars, banjo, saxophone, lead vocals on "Coffee & TV" and co-lead vocals on "Tender", backing vocals
 Alex James – bass guitar, backing vocals, double bass on "Tender"
 Dave Rowntree – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
 The London Community Gospel Choir – vocals on "Tender"
 Jason Cox – additional drums on "Battle"
 Produced by William Orbit and Blur, except "Trailerpark" produced by Blur
 John Smith, Jason Cox, William Orbit – engineering
 Gerard Navarro, Arnþór "Addi 800" Örlygsson and Iain Roberton – additional engineering
 Sean Spuehler, Damian LeGassick – Pro Tools programming
 Mastered by Howie Weinberg at Masterdisk, New York

Production
All tracks produced by William Orbit, except "Trailerpark" produced by Blur and "I Got Law" (demo version) produced by Damon Albarn

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

References

External links

 13 at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)

Blur (band) albums
1999 albums
Parlophone albums
Food Records albums
Albums produced by William Orbit
Albums produced by Damon Albarn
Albums recorded at Studio 13
Concept albums
Art rock albums by English artists
Experimental rock albums by English artists

13 (Blur album)


Iosif Lita (n. 1859, Lodroman, jud. Alba  - d. 7 mai 1923, Valea-Lungă, jud. Alba) a fost un delegat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
Iosif Lita s-a născut în comuna Lodroman, jud. Târnava-Mică (astăzi jud. Alba) din vrednicii părinți țărani Iosif și Maria. O parte din clasele primare le-a făcut la școala evanghelică din Mediaș, apoi la Blaj, unde a terminat întreg liceul cu opt clase, bacalaureatul și teologia. După terminarea teologiei a funcționat cate un an pe postul de învățător confesional la Reghin și Ghimeș. S-a căsătorit cu Raveca Ilieșu, primind darul preoției, și profesând în parohiile Țapu, Bălcaciu-Jidveiu, Iclod și Valea-Lungă. Apreciat pentru zelul și devotamentul față de biserică, Iosif Lita a fost numit protopop al Biiei. S-a stins din viață la data de 7 mai 1923 în postul de paroh din Valea-Lungă, jud. Târnava-Mică și în cel de protopop al Biiei.

Activitatea politică
Pe lângă îndatoririle preoțești și protopopești, apreciat de Superioritatea bisericească, a dezvoltat o activitate rodnică pe terenul politic și național românesc. Întreținând legături strânse cu regretatul Ioan Bianu, fost președinte al Academiei Române, era la curent cu toate mișcările și pornirile din Vechiul Regat. I se trimiteau cărți românești, literare, istorice, geografice, pe care le împărțea intelectualilor din protopopiat și mai ales corpului învățătoresc, mai mereu presat de autoritățile maghiare, să-și schimbe ținuta românească. Anul mare al Unirii tuturor românilor, l-a aflat pe postul de veghe în Valea-Lungă, unde alăturea de Dr. Ion Bianu și alți români vrednici, s-a pus în fruntea mișcării românești și în calitate de președinte al Consiliului Național local a contribuit mult la așezarea cârmuirii românești din acele ținuturi.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7
 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005, ISBN 973-27-1258-9 (vol. I); ISBN 973-27-1264-3 (vol. II)

Lectură suplimentară
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918
  1 decembrie 1918, Marea Unire de la Alba Iulia. Mărturii, documente și semnificații

Vezi și

 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în 1859
Decese în 1923
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Iosif Lita


تركي نافع الخالدي لاعب كرة يد كويتي. يلعب لنادي الصليبخات الرياضي. لعب مع عدة أندية قبل الصليبخات، وهي: خيطان، الكويت. حقق مع نادي الصليبخات بطولة آسيا للأندية لكرة اليد في عام 2009.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 يوسف الفضلي

كويتيون
لاعبو كرة يد كويتيون
مواليد 1402 هـ
مواليد 1982

تركي الخالدي


Confederación Nacional del Trabajo eller CNT (Den nationale arbejderfagforening), blev grundlagt 1. november 1910, i det spanske Palace Of Fine Arts. Det var den største anarko-syndikalistiske arbejderbevægelse dengang. Den mente, at ved hjælp af strejker og aktioner skulle der gennemføres "libertær kommunisme".
Confederación nacional del trabajo (CNT) er en forening af Spaniens konføderation af idelogisk uafhængige fagforeninger. Dvs. at det er en organisation som baserer sig på anarkismens principper. Den har spillet en væsentlig rolle i Spaniens sociale bevægelser relateret til anarkisme.

Med en betydelig kulturel og historisk arv fortsætter konføderationen i dag som en aktiv spiller i Spaniens arbejds bevægelse baseret på anarkistiske principper for anti-autoritære, anti-kapitalistiske, anti-statsvælde, internationalisme og anti-militarisme og fremmer et uafhængigt såkaldt "selv-samfund"

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

Fagforbund
Spaniens historie

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo


طورة الشرقية قرية فلسطينية من قرى شمال الضفة الغربية في محافظة جنين. تقع إلى الغرب من مدينة جنين بنحو 19 كم، وهي من القرى التي وقعت تحت الاحتلال الإسرائيلي في عام 1967.

تشترك مع قرية طورة الغربية بمجلس قروي واحد.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكانها في تعداد عام 2007 حوالي 174 نسمة، وفي تعداد عام 2017 حوالي 233 نسمة.

انظر أيضًا
 طورة الغربية

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
 فلسطين في الذاكرة/ طورة

قرى وبلدات محافظة جنين

طورة الشرقية


Phellinaceae, biljna porodica iz reda zvjezdanolike, čiji jedini rod Phelline ima 10 priznatih vrsta drveća ili grmova, od kojih su svi endemi s Nove Kaledonije

Vrste
 Phelline barrierei Barriera & Schlüssel
 Phelline billardieri Panch. ex Loes.
 Phelline brachyphylla Baill.
 Phelline comosa Labill.
 Phelline dumbeensis Guillaumin
 Phelline erubescens Baill.
 Phelline gracilior (Loes.) Barriera
 Phelline indivisa (Baill.) Harms & Loes.
 Phelline lucida Vieill. ex Baill.
 Phelline macrophylla Baill.

Izvori

Porodice zvjezdanolikih
Biljne porodice

Phellinaceae


كلية الصيدلة بجامعة الإسكندرية هي كلية تأسست عام 1956 وتقوم بمنح درجة البكالوريوس في العلوم الصيدلية، ودرجة الماجستير في العلوم الصيدلية، درجة دكتوراة في الصيدلة الاكلينيكية Pharm.D الموازية لدرجة الماجستير ودرجة دكتور الفلسفة في العلوم الصيدلية ودرجة دبلوم الدراسات العليا.

تاريخ الكلية
 بدأت دراسة الصيدلة في جامعة فاروق الأول بمدينة الإسكندرية في «مدرسة الصيدلة» التي ألحقت بكلية الطب في العام الجامعي 1947 وكانت تشغل بعض مباني كلية الطب بصفة مؤقتة إلى أن أقيم لها مبنى خاصا ً أفتتح في أول أغسطس عام 1956 وكانت مدة الدراسة اربع سنوات.
 في نوفمبر عام 1956 تم تحويل مدرسة الصيدلة إلى كلية مستقلة ضمن كليات جامعة الإسكندرية وأصبحت سنوات الدراسة للحصول على البكالوريوس خمس سنوات تبدأ بسنة إعدادية.
 وتم بناء مبني جديد إلى جانب المبنى القديم لكلية الصيدلة وتم افتتاحه عام 2003 حتى يستوعب الاعداد الضخمة من الطلاب الملتحقين بالكلية.

الموقع
 تقع بمدينة الإسكندرية بميدان الخرطوم -الأزاريطة داخل المجمع الطبى.

الأقسام العلمية
 الكيمياء الصيدلية
 العقاقير
 الصيدلانيات
 الأقربازين
 الكيمياء التحليلية الصيدلية
 الميكروبيولوجيا الصيدلية
 الصيدلة الصناعية

طالع أيضاً

 جامعة الإسكندرية
 قائمة كليات الصيدلة في مصر

المراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1956 في مصر
كليات جامعة الإسكندرية
كليات صيدلة في مصر
هيئات تعليمية أسست في 1956

كلية الصيدلة (جامعة الإسكندرية)


Le INS Arihant (SSBN 80) (en sanskrit : Vainqueur de ses ennemis), désigné sous-marin nucléaire de frappe stratégique S2, est le navire de tête de la classe Arihant indienne de sous-marins nucléaires lanceurs d'engins. Le navire de  a été construit dans le cadre du projet de navire de technologie avancée (ATV) au Centre de construction navale de la ville portuaire de Visakhapatnam.

Le INS Arihant a été lancé le , à l'occasion de l'anniversaire de Kargil Vijay Diwas (Jour de la victoire dans le conflit de Kargil) par le Premier ministre Manmohan Singh. Après des aménagements et des essais en mer approfondis, le , il a été confirmé comme prêt pour les opérations, mis en service en août 2016 et déployé opérationnellement en 2018.

Le INS Arihant effectue son premier tir dans les eaux du golfe du Bengale le .

Conception
Le INS Arihant est le premier des cinq sous-marins prévus de cette classe des sous-marins conçus et construits dans le cadre du projet secret de navire de technologie avancée (ATV) de la marine indienne. Le projet ATV a été mis en place en 1984, sous la direction du vice-amiral Mihir K. Roy en tant que premier directeur général. Les sous-marins de la classe Arihant seraient basés sur le sous-marin de classe Akula. Leur équipage devait avoir l'occasion de s'entraîner sur l'INS Chakra, un sous-marin de classe Akula que la marine indienne louait à la Russie. Le INS Arihant est destiné à être plus « un démonstrateur technologique » qu'un SNLE pleinement opérationnel selon l'amiral Nirmal Verma.

Le navire est alimenté par un réacteur nucléaire à eau légère sous pression de  avec comme combustible de l'uranium enrichi. Un prototype terrestre du réacteur a été construit pour la première fois à Kalpakkam et mis en service en septembre 2006. Une opération réussie pendant trois ans a fourni les données qui ont permis la version de production pour le Arihant. Il a été signalé qu'un réacteur nucléaire de  a été intégré dans la coque de l'ATV en janvier 2008.

La coque du navire a été construite par l'usine de construction navale Hazira de L&T. Tata Power Strategic Engineering Division (SED) a construit les systèmes de contrôle du sous-marin. Les systèmes de la turbine à vapeur intégrés au réacteur ont été fournis par Walchandnagar Industries. Les services de conseil ont été fournis par la Russie. La Russie aurait également fourni une assistance aux scientifiques du Centre de recherche atomique Bhabha (BARC) pour miniaturiser le réacteur afin qu'il s'insère dans la coque du sous-marin nucléaire.

Armement

Le INS Arihant a quatre tubes de lancement verticaux, qui peuvent transporter quatre grands missiles  ou douze (trois par tube de lancement) missiles K-15 plus petits. Le K-4 a une portée plus longue de  et a commencé ses essais en 2014.

Phases de développement
Un scientifique nucléaire familier avec le projet, sous couvert d'anonymat, a fait écho à ce rapport en réponse aux informations des médias selon lesquelles l'Inde avait lancé avec succès un sous-marin nucléaire achevé. On s'attendait également à ce que la construction du réacteur, l'intégration des systèmes et les essais en mer prennent de trois à cinq ans.

L'amiral Verma a déclaré aux journalistes le  que les essais en mer du Arihant commençaient dans les mois à venir et qu'il progressait régulièrement vers la capacité opérationnelle. Le , le missile Sagarika, l'armement principal du Arihant, a terminé son dernier test de développement et a ensuite été intégré au sous-marin. Le , le réacteur nucléaire du sous-marin est devenu critique après plusieurs mois de vérifications du système à l'aide de vapeur à haute pression à terre. La puissance du réacteur a été augmentée par incréments de 5 à 10 % jusqu'à ce qu'elle atteigne sa pleine puissance.

Lancement
Le INS Arihant a été présenté au public le  lors d'une cérémonie de lancement symbolique par l'épouse du Premier ministre Manmohan Singh, Gursharan Kaur. Le lancement a coïncidé avec le  de la fin de la guerre de Kargil. Le navire a été lancé en inondant la cale sèche. Gursharan Kaur a cassé une noix de coco sur la coque pour marquer le lancement du sous-marin, une tradition de la base navale secrète de Visakhapatnam Toute photographie était interdite et les photos montrant le navire complet n'étaient pas disponibles. Dans son discours à la foule, le premier ministre Singh a présenté le sous-marin comme le résultat d'un partenariat public-privé. Il a également remercié la Russie dans son discours. Le lancement du Arihant a renforcé les efforts de l'Inde pour construire une triade nucléaire crédible, à savoir la capacité de tirer des armes nucléaires depuis les airs, la terre et la mer.

Essais et mise en service

Le , le Arihant a navigué vers le nord le long de la côte du golfe du Bengale pour ses essais en mer approfondis. Les essais en mer comprenaient le tir du missile balistique Sagarika de conception nationale.

Le , un missile Sagarika non armé a été testé avec succès depuis le Arihant. Le sous-marin a ensuite subi d'autres essais en mer approfondis, qui ont été achevés au début de février 2016. Bien qu'il ait été initialement prévu que le Arihant soit mis en service à temps pour participer à la Revue navale internationale 2016, sa participation a ensuite été exclue pour des raisons de sécurité. Le , le Arihant a été officiellement confirmé comme étant prêt pour les opérations.

Selon The Economic Times, plusieurs essais d'armes du INS Arihant ont été entrepris secrètement.

En , le Premier ministre Narendra Modi a commissionné le INS Arihant dans la marine indienne. La mise en service et l'armement du Arihant ont complété la triade nucléaire de l'Inde.

Historique opérationnel

Accident de 2017
En , il a été signalé qu'une écoutille arrière du sous-marin avait été laissée ouverte par erreur en 2017 alors que le Arihant était amarré, ce qui avait entraîné une inondation de la zone de propulsion par de l'eau salée, rendant le sous-marin inopérant pendant dix mois pendant que les tuyaux corrodés étaient remplacés.

Première patrouille de dissuasion
Il a été annoncé le  que le INS Arihant avait terminé la veille sa première patrouille de dissuasion de . Le Premier ministre Narendra Modi a félicité l'équipage du Arihant après la patrouille.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 , deuxième sous-marin de la classe Arihant
 Liste des navires actifs de la marine indienne
 , port d'attache de la classe Arihant.
 Liste des sous-marins de l'Inde

Sous-marin nucléaire lanceur d'engins
Sous-marin de la Marine indienne
Navire construit en Inde
Bateau lancé en 2009
Nom de bateau

INS Arihant


متنزّه بانف الوطني من أقدم المتنزّهات الوطنية، انشئت في 1885 في جبال روكي الكندية. المتنزّه يمتد على 110-180 كيلومتر (70-110 ميل) إلى الغرب من كالغاري في مقاطعة ألبرتا، ويشمل 6641 كيلومتر مربع (2564 ميل مربع) من الأراضي الجبلية، والعديد من الأنهار الجليدية والغابات كثيفة الصنوبريات.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لمتنزّه بانف الوطني:

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1885 في كندا
تاريخ جبال روكي
متنزهات وطنية في جبال روكي
مناطق محمية أسست في 1885
مناطق محمية حسب الاتحاد العالمي لحفظ الطبيعة تصنيف II

متنزه بانف الوطني


Fábio Miguel Malheiro Paím mais conhecido como Fábio Paím é um ex-futebolista português que atuava como extremo. Depois de ter começado sua carreira no Sporting CP, ele jogou por vários clubes, sem nunca se tendo vingado e destacado em nenhum dos clubes.

Carreira
Nascido em Estoril, no Distrito de Lisboa, Paím foi considerado o jogador jovem mais promissor em Portugal pelo o Cristiano Ronaldo, que disse sobre ele na sua chegada ao Manchester United : "Se acham que eu sou bom esperem até verem o Fábio Paim".
Paím foi formado na Academia do Sporting CP, e jogou no Sporting CP, e sempre foi emprestado para vários clubes como o CD Olivais e Moscavide, CD Trofense, FC Paços de Ferreira fazendo sua estreia pela Primeira Liga depois de ter começado com o Trofense na Segunda Liga, Chelsea FC equipa treinada na altura pelo Luiz Felipe Scolari, sendo logo de seguida enviado para a equipa de reservas da equipa londrina, Rio Ave FC e o Real SC.

Após ter sido emprestado 6 vezes pelo Sporting CP, ele deixou Alvalade em 2010 de uma vez por todas, sem nunca ter jogado partidas oficias pelos leões, assinando com o SCU Torreense, clube que ele deixou alguns meses depois, passando os próximos anos na Angola com o CD Primeiro de Agosto e o SL Benfica de Luanda.

Paím juntou-se ao CF Benfica na temporada 2012/13. Depois de alguns meses tentando ganhar confiança e condição física para jogar, ele fez a sua estreia oficial contra a equipa do CD Mafra. Em Dezembro de 2012 ele moveu-se de novo para outros clubes e países, assinando um acordo de dois anos com o Al Kharaitiyat SC da Liga de Futebol do Catar, no Catar. Depois se juntou ao AD Oliveirense.

Em 19 de Agosto de 2014, Paím assinou um contrato de dois anos pelo Mosta FC do Campeonato Maltês de Futebol na Malta. Em Abril de 2015, ele se juntou ao FK Nevėžis na Lituânia.

No Verão de 2015, Paím se moveu para a equipa do Luxemburgo do Union 05 Kayl-Tétange na Segunda Divisão do Luxemburgo. Porém foi dispensado da equipa em Setembro, por "comportamento não-profissional". Depois se juntou ao Sintra CF.

Em 10 de Novembro de 2017, após uma breve experiência no Brasil numa equipa amadora de futebol no Paraíba do Sul FC no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Paím assinou com a equipa de Matosinhos, a equipa B do Leixões SC na Associação de Futebol do Porto, e deixou o clube em 2018.

Carreira Internacional
Paím somou 42 internacionalizações por Portugal em todos os escalões juvenis, marcando sete golos. De ascendência angolana, pois os seus pais eram oriundos da Província do Huambo, ele era elegível para representar a Seleção da Angola e esperava ser seleccionado para o Campeonato das Nações Africanas de 2012, mas acabou por não ser convocado.

A única aparição de Paím pela Seleção de Portugal de Sub-21 foi a 14 de outubro de 2008, quando entrou aos 69 minutos de jogo como substituto de Daniel Candeias na derrota por 1-0 em um amistoso contra a Seleção da Ucrânia de Sub-21, realizado em Vila Nova de Gaia.

Vida pessoal
Em Agosto de 2019, Paím foi detido pela Polícia de Segurança Pública depois de ter sido encontrada uma quantidade indeterminada de drogas ilícitas na sua posse em Estoril. Ele acabou sendo absolvido, alegando que escutas telefónicas não eram provas admissíveis em um tribunal.

Títulos
CD Trofense
Segunda Liga: 2007-08

Referências

Ligações externas

Futebolistas do Manchester United F.C.

Fábio Paím