Johann Balthasar Neumann (; c. 27 January 1687 – 19 August 1753), usually known as Balthasar Neumann, was a German architect and military artillery engineer who developed a refined brand of Baroque architecture, fusing Austrian, Bohemian, Italian, and French elements to design some of the most impressive buildings of the period, including the Würzburg Residence and the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (called Vierzehnheiligen in German).

The Würzburg Residence is considered one of the most beautiful and well proportioned palaces in Europe and the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers is considered by some as the crowning work of the period.

Early life

Neumann is believed to have been born on 27 January 1687 in Eger, Kingdom of Bohemia (today Cheb, Czech Republic), the seventh of nine children of cloth-maker Hans Christoph Neumann (d. 1713) and his wife Rosina (1645–1707). Neumann was baptized on 30 January 1687.

His first apprenticeship was spent working at a bell and gun foundry in Eger. However, during his Journeyman years he came to Würzburg in 1711. In 1712, he attended lessons on geometry, architecture and land surveying and joined the local military, in which he remained until his death, then holding the rank of colonel of the artillery. He created measurement instruments (1712, Deutsches Museum/Munich and 1713, Mainfränkisches Museum, Würzburg), a map of Würzburg (1715, copy at the War Archive, Munich) and some drawings for a new abbey at Ebrach Abbey (1716, now lost).

In 1717, he served in the Austro–Turkish War, advancing with his unit from Vienna to Belgrade. In 1718, he travelled through northern Italy to study buildings and briefly worked on civilian construction projects at Milan (details not known).

Service for the Prince-Bishops of Würzburg

Neumann's career as an architect took off under Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, who asked the young engineer in 1719 to plan, and in 1720 to lead construction of, his new palace, the Würzburg Residence. Although other architects participated, Neumann was able to give the project his personal imprint, which became his life's work.

The second task for the Prince-Bishop was the Schönbornkapelle of Würzburg Cathedral (from 1721). In 1723 Neumann traveled and studied in France. At Paris and Versailles he met with royal architects Germain Boffrand and Robert de Cotte and consulted them on the Würzburg projects. Back at Würzburg, Neumann started to build a hunting lodge known as Mädelhofen (1724, unfinished, demolished in 1725).

In 1725, Neumann married Maria Eva Engelberts (b. 1704 – d. 1745); they had three sons and 5 daughters.

Under von Schönborn's successor, Christoph Franz von Hutten (1673–1729) he was less busy at Wurzburg and mainly worked for various abbeys. His new church at Münsterschwarzach Abbey (after 1727, demolished after 1821) laid the groundwork for his fame as a builder of churches. Another work of this period was the church at Kloster Holzkirchen (1728–30) where he combined features of the French, Italian and German Baroque.

The next Prince-Bishop was Friedrich Karl von Schönborn (1674–1746), who also was Prince-Bishop of Bamberg. As Reichsvizekanzler von Schönborn lived at  the imperial court at Vienna until 1734. He named Neumann director of all military, civilian and ecclesiastical construction in both bishoprics and in 1729 and 1739 ordered him to Vienna, where he exchanged views with Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt, von Schönborn's architect, whose influence is visible in some parts of the Residence and also at the hunting lodge of Werneck (after 1733).

As chief engineer of the joint Hochstifts, Neumann was responsible for overseeing fortifications, transport and water engineering and for improving urban planning in practical and aesthetical terms. From 1731, he also taught military and civilian architecture at Würzburg University.

Neumann also worked for Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn (1676–1743) and Franz Georg von Schönborn (1682–1756). Neumann built the Corps de Logis of the Schloss Bruchsal (after 1731), with its notable stairway. In the same town, he also designed the church of St. Peter (1740–1746) which was to be the burial site for the Prince-Bishops of Speyer. Among his work for the Elector of Trier are the Dikasterialgebäude of Ehrenbreitstein Fortress (1739–1748) and the summer palace Schönbornslust (1748–1752, demolished 1806) at Kesselheim, also near Koblenz.

This work, in turn, led to Neumann being contacted for further work in the west of Germany. Out of many mooted projects only the stairway and New Apartments of the Brühl Palace (from 1743). Plans he made for the ducal palace at Stuttgart (after 1747), for Schwetzingen Palace (1749) and the Residence at Karlsruhe (after 1750) were never implemented.

As a builder of churches, Neumann recurred to Guarino Guarini, the architecture of his native Bohemia and its transmittance to Franconia by Johann Dientzenhofer. He emphasized the use of the rotunda as a central feature of his churches. This reached its pinnacle at Vierzehnheiligen (after 1742) and Neresheim (after 1747).

One of his last large projects was a rebuilding of the Hofburg Palace at Vienna (after 1746), which was not put into practice, however.

Neumann worked on St. Paulinus' Church in Trier, designing most of the internal elements.

Death and legacy
He died in Würzburg on 19 August 1753 and is buried at the Marienkapelle there.

The final German 50 Deutsche Mark note showed a picture of him together with the famous staircase located in the Residence of Würzburg. Neumann was also depicted by Tiepolo in the ceiling fresco above the stairway of the Residence, in pseudo-military uniform, leaning over a cannon. He had boasted that the ceiling was so well constructed that not even the roar of a cannon would make the roof fall.

Other works

 Heidenheim, Propsteigebäude of the Augustinerchorherren, 1723–33;
 Bamberg, Katharinenspital, 1729–38;
 Bamberg, Domkapitelhaus, 1730–33;
 Bamberg, Klerikalseminar, 1731–37;
 Gößweinstein, Wallfahrtskirche, 1730–39;
 Schloss Seehof, Orangerie, 1733–37;
 Worms, high altar of Worms Cathedral, 1738–40;
 Heusenstamm, parish church, 1739–44;
 Würzburg, several buildings after 1719, incl. Geschäftshaus am Marktplatz, 1739-41;
 Würzburg, Augustinerkirche, 1741–44;
 Würzburg, Käppele, 1748–49;
 Kitzingen-Etwashausen, Kreuzkapelle, 1741–45;
 Gaibach, parish church, 1742–45;
 Mainz, Jesuitenkirche, 1742-46 (demolished 1805);
 Oberzell, abbey and convent building, 1744–60;
 Maria Limbach, pilgrimage church, 1751-55 (final project).

References

Further reading
 Manuel Weinberger: "Verschollen geglaubtes Planmaterial von Balthasar Neumann und seinem Baubüro, und eine unbekannte Zeichnung aus dem Umfeld Johann Dientzenhofers", in: RIHA Journal 0003 [14 April 2010], http://www.riha-journal.org/articles/2010/weinberger-planmaterial-balthasar-neumann (accessed 15 April 2010).

External links

 Online edition of Balthasar Neumanns Briefe der Reise nach Frankreich (1723) by the research project ARCHITRAVE
Biography at NDB
Johann Balthasar Neumann featured on the 50 Deutsche Mark banknote from 1991.
 Encyclopedia of World Biography

1687 births
1753 deaths
18th-century German architects
German Baroque architects
German Bohemian people
German people of German Bohemian descent
People from Cheb
18th-century German engineers
Rococo architects
Engineers from Bavaria
Architects of Roman Catholic churches

Balthasar Neumann


බොහෝ විට KHP ලෙස හඳුන්වන පොටෑසියම් හයිඩ්‍රජන් තැලේට් ආම්ලික ලවනමය සංයෝගයකි.
එයට සුදු පැහැති කුඩු, අවර්ණ  ස්ඵටික, අවර්ණ ද්‍රාවන යන රූපාකාර පවතියි.මෙය තැලික් අම්ලයේ මොනොපොටෑසියම් ලවනයයි.අයනික ඝනයකි. මෙහි හයිඩ්‍රජන් තරමක් ආම්ලික වන අතර KHP  ප්‍රාථමික ප්‍රාමානිකයක් ලෙස අම්ල-භෂ්ම අනුමාපන වලදී භාවිතා වෙයි.  ඝනයක් වීම හා වාතයේදී ස්ථායී වීම නිසා නිරවද්‍ය ලෙස බර මැන ගැනීමට හැකි ව ඇති බැවින් KHP මේ සඳහා සුදුසු ය.  නමුත් මෙය තරමක් ජලාකර්ශන ගුණයෙන් යුක්ත නිසා සාමාන්‍යයෙන් භාවිතයට පෙර ඩේසිකේටරයක් තුල තබයි.KHP ද්‍රාවනයක  pH අගය ස්ථායිව පවතින නිසා pH මීටර ක්‍රමාංකනය සඳහාද රාථමික ප්‍රාමානිකයක් ලෙස භාවිතා වෙයි.

ජලයේදී KHP සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම විඝටනය වී පොටෑසියම් කැටායන(K+)  හා හයිඩ්‍රජන් තැලේට් ඇනායන(HP- or Hphthalate-) නිදහස් කරයි. දුබල අම්ලයක් ලෙස හයිඩ්‍රජන් තැලේට් ජලය සමග ප්‍රතිවර්ත්‍ය ලෙස ප්‍රතික්‍රියා කරමින් හයිඩ්රෝනියම්(H3O+)හා තැලේට් අයන ප්‍රතිඵල කරයි.

 HP- + H2O  P2- + H3O+

KHP ස්වාරක්ෂණයේ අවශ්‍යතාව අනුව හයිඩ්‍රක්ලොරික් අම්ලය සමඟ හෝ සෝඩියම් හයිඩ්රෝක්සයිඩ් සමඟ එක කිරීමෙන් ස්වාරක්ශකයක් ලෙස භාවිතා වෙයි. නමුත්  කාබෝක්සිල්හරණ ප්‍රතික්‍රියා වලදී KHP  ස්වාරක්ශකයක් ලෙස භාවිතා නොවෙයි.ඒ එහිදී KHP හායනය වී එහි ක්‍රියාකාරී කාණ්ඩ ඉවත්වන බැවිනි.

ආශ්‍රිත

රසායන විද්‍යාව
පොටෑසියම් හයිඩ්‍රජන් තැලේට්
අයිසොතැලික් අම්ලය
ටෙරීතැලික් අම්ලය

පොටෑසියම් හයිඩ්‍රජන් තැලේට්


CAWIS, Sakarya Üniversitesi Sakarya Üniversitesi Bilgi İşlem Dairesi Başkanlığınca geliştirilen Kampüs Otomasyonu Web Bilgi Sistemi (Campus Automation Web Information System) projesinin kısa adıdır. CAWIS projesinde ulaşılmak istenen hedefler, kullanıcı doğrulama işlemlerini tek ve güvenli bir noktadan yapmak, kullanıcı altyapı sistemini oluşturmak ve web üzerinden yönetmek, geniş içerikli web servisleri ile ihtiyaç duyulan hizmetleri en iyi şekilde sunmaktır.

CAWIS projesi, Sakarya Üniversitesinde e-posta hesabı bulunan tüm kullanıcıları kapsayacak bir veritabanı içerir. Bu veritabanı zamanla -başından beri hedeflendiği gibi- kullanıcı bilgilerini otomasyon programlarından alan tam entegre bir yapıya bürünecektir. 2004 yılında hizmete açılmasına rağmen geliştirilme ve üzerine servisler eklenme süreci halen devam eden CAWIS, Sakarya Üniversitesi bünyesinde geliştirilmiş en büyük yazılım tabanlı otomasyon sistemidir.

CAWIS servisleri
 WebGate - Kullanıcı Hesap Yönetimi Servisi
 WebMail - Web Tabanlı E-posta Servisi
 WebPbis - Personel Bilgi Sistemi Servisi
 WebObis - Öğrenci Bilgi Sistemi Servisi
 WebAbis - Akademik Bilgi Sistemi Servisi
 WebMenu - Aylık Yemek Menüsü Servisi
 WebRehber - Telefon ve E-posta Arama Servisi
 WebForm - Web Tabanlı Form Gönderim Servisi
 WebAnket - Web Tabanlı Anket Servisi

Proje ekibi

 Öğr.Gör. Özkan CANAY (Proje Yöneticisi)
 Uzm. Ahmet ŞANSLI (Web Yazılımcısı)
 Uzm. Can YÜZKOLLAR (Web Yazılımcısı)
 Uzm. Ali DURDU (Web Yazılımcısı)

Projede görev alanlar

 Arş.Gör. Selim MERİÇ (Web Yazılımcısı)
 Arş.Gör. Murat ZÜLFİKAR (Web Yazılımcısı)
 Arş.Gör. Hakan YALÇINER (Görsel Tasarımcı)
 Agah ALICI (Web Yazılımcısı)
 Uzm. Erdinç KÜTÜK (Web Yazılımcısı)
 Uzm. Sezgin SEMA (Web Yazılımcısı)
 Uzm. Halil ARSLAN (Web Yazılımcısı)

Dış bağlantılar
 CAWIS Hakkında Sitesi
 Sakarya Üniversitesi
 SAÜ Bilgi İşlem Dairesi Başkanlığı
 SAÜ BİM Bilgi İşlem Şube Müdürlüğü

İnternet yazılımları

CAWIS


Olaylar
 Mart - Medineli Müslümanlarla Mekkeli paganlar arasında Hudeybiye Antlaşması ile barış sağlandı. Bu antlaşma ile Mekkeliler İslam Devleti'ni tanıdı.
 İlkbahar - Bizans-Sasani Savaşı : İmparator Herakleios, Kral II. Hüsrev'e barış için bir teklif sunar, Pers şahı bunu reddeder. Savaştan bıkmış Persler, Tizpon'da Hüsrev rejimine karşı ayaklanır ve 25 Şubat'ta oğlu II. Kubâd'ı tahta geçirir. Babasını öldürür ve Herakleios ile müzakerelere başlar.
 Batı Göktürk Kağanlığı ikiye bölündü.
 Üçüncü Göktürk-Sasani Savaşı: Batı Göktürk Kağanlığı, liderleri Tong Yabgu Kağan komutasında, Tiflis'i aldılar. Pers savunucuları idam edildi veya sakat bırakıldı; Tong Yabgu Kağan, derebeyliği altındaki çeşitli kabileleri yönetmek için valiler (tudunlar) atar.

Doğumlar
 21 Temmuz - İmparator Gaozong, Çin'in Tang Hanedanı'nın üçüncü imparatoru (ö. 683)

Ölümler
 15 Nisan - İmparatoriçe Suiko, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 33. hükümdarı (d. 554)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Adaloald, Lombard kralı (d. 602)
 II. Hüsrev, Sasani İmparatorluğu hükümdarı
 II. Kubâd, Sasani İmparatorluğu hükümdarı (d. 590)
 Theodelinda, Lombardların kraliçesi, Bavyeralı I. Garibald'ın kızı (d. 570)
 Tong Yabgu Kağan, Batı Göktürk Kağanı

628


In My Zone 2 es el tercer mixtape de Chris Brown y la segunda parte del mixtape In My Zone.

Listado de canciones
 "Ms Breezy" (featuring Gucci Mane)
 "Shit God Damn" (featuring Big Sean)
 "Talk That Shit"
 "My Girl Like Them Girls" (featuring J Valentine)
 "Fuck Um All" (featuring Kevin McCall & Diesel)
 "Chrismas Came Today" (featuring Seven)
 "Glitter" (featuring Big Sean)
 "What U Doin" (featuring Big Sean)
 "Drop Rap" (featuring Petey Pablo)
 "AWOL"
 "Seen Her Naked"
 "Last Time Together"
 "All Off" (featuring Seven & Kevin McCall)
 "Life Itself" (featuring Kevin McCall)
 "Sex Love" (featuring Lonny Bereal & Seven)
 "Another You"
 "Boing"
 "Quits" (featuring Kevin McCall)
 "You Want Me" (featuring Seven)
 "Put Your Hands in the Air

Álbumes de Chris Brown

In My Zone 2


Francisco Cabral, né le  à Porto, est un joueur de tennis portugais, professionnel depuis 2014.

Carrière

Après avoir remporté plusieurs tournois en double sur le circuit ITF, il se révèle en 2021 sur le circuit Challenger où il remporte six tournois avec son compatriote Nuno Borges (à Oeiras, Braga, Tenerife, Manama et Maia deux fois).

Il joue en Coupe Davis avec l'équipe du Portugal depuis 2022.

En 2022, il remporte son premier titre ATP en double au tournoi d'Estoril avec Nuno Borges.

Palmarès

Titres en double messieurs

Finales en double messieurs

Parcours dans les tournois du Grand Chelem

En double messieurs

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|2023
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Classements ATP en fin de saison

Liens externes

Joueur portugais de tennis
Naissance en janvier 1997
Naissance à Porto

Francisco Cabral (tennis)


Den guddommelige vind er en dokumentarfilm fra 1991 instrueret af Ole John.

Handling
Dokumentarfilm om DANIDAs projekt med alternative energikilder i Indien.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1991

Den guddommelige vind


Chán (Çince: 禪, Pinyin: Chán) Çin Mahāyāna Budizminde belli başlı okullardan biridir. Batıda daha çok Japonca ismiyle Zen olarak tanınır.

Budizm

Chan


Dapto is a suburb of Wollongong in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia, located on the western side of Lake Illawarra and covering . As at the , the suburb had a population of 10,730.

History
The name Dapto is said to be an Aboriginal word either from Dabpeto meaning "water plenty", or from tap-toe which described the way a lame Aboriginal elder walked. The suburb was officially founded in 1834, when George Brown transferred the Ship Inn from Wollongong to Mullet Creek Farm, in an area now named in his honour as Brownsville. After an unsuccessful attempt at wheat growing in the 1850s, Dapto embraced the dairy industry. In 1887 the railway opened and a butter factory was established. This began a transformation of Dapto and the town centre shifted south to where the new station was located. The Australian Smelting Company's works were established on Kanahooka Road and employed over 500 men. A railway, operated by the Illawarra Harbour and Land Corporation Limited, connected the smelter with the Government railway at Dapto. By 1903 the Commissioner for Railways declared that Dapto was the most valuable station on the Illawarra line, its traffic being double that of Wollongong. The books John Brown of Brownsville (2012), Gooseberry and Hooka (2012) and Lake Illawarra: an ongoing history (2005) – all written by Joseph Davis and published by the Lake Illawarra Authority – contain much detail about Dapto's history.

Dapto has a number of heritage-listed sites, including Horsley Homestead on Bong Bong Road.

Population
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 10,730 people in Dapto.
 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.7% of the population.
 79.0% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 6.1% and Scotland 1.0%.
 89.2% of people spoke only English at home.
 The most common responses for religion were Catholic 26.1%, No Religion 26.0% and Anglican 23.9%.

Further information
On Koonawarra Point is Mount Brown Reserve, a hill protected by a nature reserve for its important habitat. The eastern side and summit is owned by Tallawarra Power Station. Dapto used to be home to a smelting industry but this has now closed. Most of the town is residential with several commercial areas. The main one includes Dapto Mall, which is on the Princes Highway. A small area of the escarpment west of Dapto is protected as part of the Illawarra Escapment State Recreation Area, though not accessible to the public. The escarpment west of Dapto includes Mount Bong Bong, the site of an aeroplane crash when the controllers mistook Lake Illawarra for Botany Bay. A plaque commemorates this event in Dapto. Much of the land to the west is still used as farmland, though other ventures such as the shooting grounds exist. The land to the west is noticeably more hilly than the plain to the north of Wollongong.

The South Coast line electric rail service terminated in Dapto prior to electrification being extended to Kiama in 2001. The area of Dapto west of this rail line, formerly pastoral land, has undergone significant expansion over the past 20 years. This area has become the fastest growing part of the greater Wollongong region and consists of a sprawling, medium-density suburbia known as Horsley, now officially a suburb in its own right.

The Dapto Greyhound Racing Track, locally known as the 'Dapto Greyhounds', runs races every Thursday evening.

The Dapto Canaries compete in the local Illawarra Rugby League.

Groundz Precinct

The Groundz Precinct, also known as The Groundz or Dapto Showground, is home of the famous Dapto Greyhounds every Thursday night. South Coast Greyhounds (Dapto Greyhound Racing Club) started racing in 1937 on the current site and is set to move to a new site at 34 Bong Bong Road, Dapto in 2025.

Dapto Mall

Dapto Mall is fourth-largest shopping centre in the Illawarra region, after competitors Wollongong Central, Stockland Shellharbour and Warrawong Plaza. Dapto Mall features BIG W, Woolworths and Coles and around 66 stores.

Dapto Ribbonwood Centre
The centre was Dapto's new community centre after relocating in 2001, it is named so after the species of tree that is planted in front. The local library is located on topmost floor of Level 1. It also hosts several conference rooms that can be hired out for a variety of events, ranging from private, small gatherings, to large social events, such as entertainment. The Ribbonwood Centre is also the home of CPSA Dapto Seniors a 'not for profit' community organisation and the largest senior citizen group in the Illawarra, its fortnightly meetings and many weekly activities take place in Heininger House. Heininger House was incorporated in the Ribbonwood Centre when the community centre was constructed in 2001.

Dapto Anglican Church
The Dapto Anglican Church  centre is adjacent to the Dapto Mall and the Dapto Greyhound Racing Club; it has services running from three other sites including the St Aidens building, the hall of Dapto Primary School on a Sunday morning, and the St Lukes Brownsville building (which is historically listed and over 100 years old). There are six services held weekly, as well as children and youth activities on Friday nights, children's programs on a Sunday morning and during the weeks of the school holidays, 'Cafe Church' during the week, and many one-off activities.

Dapto Uniting Church

Dapto Uniting Church is located in the heart of Dapto, next to the Dapto Medical Centre on the Princes Highway. Services are held at 9:30am every Sunday morning and incorporate both contemporary and tradition styles of worship. Children's programs are held during the Sunday service, Sunday's Cool, and there is a youth program, G1Youth of the second and fourth Saturday evening each month during school terms. The Dapto Uniting congregation is a healthy community composed of people of all generations, cultures and backgrounds.

The Dapto Uniting Church traces its roots right back to 1841 when Sunday services were first held in a Dapto schoolroom under the leadership of Presbyterian minister Rev. John Tait. With the establishment of the railway network in 1887, the Dapto area experienced a period of continued urban expansion over the ensuing decades. The current red brick building, St Andrews, was officially opened and dedicated on 7 February 1959. Construction work commenced in 1981 to attach new hall facilities to the existing church building.

For many years, the Dapto Uniting family has sought to serve the local community, through ministries such as the Op Shop, regular Market Days, Family Fun Days and group Heart & Soul Exercise sessions.

St John's Catholic Church
St John's Church is the public worship centre of Dapto's Catholic population, and can be found in Jeramatta Street. Mass times are: Saturday Vigil Mass – 5:00pm, and Sundays at 7:30, 9:30 and 6:00pm. Cups of tea may be had after every mass. It also has a new Youth Group.

Dapto Public School
The original Dapto Public School opened in August 1875, and was operated out of a local church hall. A permanent and more central location was opened on the corner of Byamee and Moombara Streets in 1928, which remained the schools' location until 2004. It was not accessible during the last few years. Due to large expansion of the Horsley area, the school relocated to Sierra Drive, Horsley, opening in 2004.

Dapto in Popular Culture
Dapto was mentioned in The Aunty Jack Show, as a parody of the lyrics of the Lucky Starr song "I've Been Everywhere" were changed so that, instead of listing a wide range of Australian towns, the song said "I've been to Wollongong, Wollongong, Wollongong, Wollongong,... Wollongong, Wollongong, Dapto, Wollongong".

A "bizarro" alternative universe, Dapto is the main setting for the adult animated television series Koala Man  that premiered on Hulu in the US and Disney+ in Australia on 9 January 2023. The series takes place in an alternate universe where the wreck of the Titanic never happened, indirectly resulting in the United States of America being destroyed (except Hollywood becoming an island), Australia becoming the world's superpower, and Nicole Kidman becoming its Queen.

See also
 Dapto High School
 Dapto Railway Station

References

External links

Wollongong City Library – Dapto Local Statistics
Dapto Mall Website
Wollongong City Library – Dapto History
Dapto Anglican Church
Dapto Uniting Church
Dapto Community Church (Seventh-day Adventist)
Satellite photos from Google Maps
Dapto History
Dapto Greyhounds
CPSA Dapto Seniors – Senior Citizens Community Organisation

Suburbs of Wollongong
City of Wollongong

Dapto, New South Wales


An Guzmania acutispica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Elvira Angela Gross. An Guzmania acutispica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Guzmania, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Guzmania

Guzmania acutispica


Ben Zwiehoff (Essen, 22 de fevereiro de 1994) é um desportista alemão que compete no ciclismo nas modalidades de montanha, na disciplina de cross-country, e rota. Ganhou três medalhas no Campeonato Europeu de Ciclismo de Montanha entre os anos 2014 e 2016.

Em 2021 alterou para a modalidade de estrada depois de ter alinhado pela equipa Bora-Hansgrohe.

Medalheiro internacional

Resultados em Grandes Voltas

—: não participaAb.: abandono

Referências

Ligações externas

Ciclistas da Alemanha
Naturais de Essen

Ben Zwiehoff


A horse and buggy (in American English) or horse and carriage (in British English and American English) refers to a light, simple, two-person carriage of the late 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, drawn usually by one or sometimes by two horses. Also called a roadster or a trap, it was made with two wheels in England and the United States (also made with four wheels). It had a folding or falling top.

History

A Concorde buggy, first made in Concord, New Hampshire, had a body with low sides and side-spring suspension. A buggy having two seats was called a double buggy. A buggy called a stanhope typically had a high seat and closed back.

The bodies of buggies were sometimes suspended on a pair of longitudinal elastic wooden bars called sidebars. A buggy whip had a small, usually tasseled tip called a snapper.

In countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, it was a primary mode of short-distance personal transportation, especially between 1815 and 1915. At that time, horseback riding in towns and rural areas was less common and required more specific skills than driving a buggy. Horsemanship tended to be an aristocratic skill of larger American and British landowners, North American western pioneers, the military and scouts. Buggies required at least crudely graded main roadways, where horses could go almost anywhere. The growing use of buggies for local travel expanded, along with stage lines and railroads for longer trips. In cities and towns, horse-drawn railed vehicles gave carriage to poor workers and the lower middle class. The upper middle class used buggies, as did farmers, while the rich had the more elegant 4-wheel carriages for local use. In the late 19th century, bicycles became another factor in urban personal transport.

Until mass production of the automobile brought its price within the reach of the working class, horse-drawn conveyances were the most common means of local transport in towns and nearby countryside. Buggies cost around $25 to $50, and could easily be hitched and driven by untrained men, women, or children. In the United States, hundreds of small companies produced buggies, and their wide use helped to encourage the grading and graveling of main rural roads and actual paving in towns. This provided all-weather passage within and between larger towns.

By the early 1910s, the number of automobiles had surpassed the number of buggies, but their use continued well into the 1920s and even the 1930s in out of the way places.

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, car owners in some parts of the U.S. and Canada used what was called a Bennett buggy (in Canada) – or Hoover wagon (in the U.S.) – namely, an automobile converted to be pulled by horses.

Today
In the 21st century, the buggy is still used as normal, everyday means of transportation by Anabaptists like the Amish, parts of the Old Order Mennonites, a few Old Order River Brethren and parts of the German-speaking "Russian" Mennonites in Latin America but also by the Old Order German Baptist Brethren and Old Brethren German Baptists (both are conservative Schwarzenau Brethren). The style of their buggies, especially the color of the buggy tops (black, grey, brown, yellow, white) can be used to distinguish Old Order communities and can even become part of a group's identity.

Commercial 'horse-and-buggy' rides, mainly for tourists, are conducted with various types of open carriages in some cities, for example in New York City's Central Park area, Michigan's Mackinac Island (where motor vehicles have been banned since 1898), and in Vienna and Brussels.

Gallery

Literature

See also

References

carriages
carts
horse transportation
wagons

Horse and buggy


Saatler Michael Cunningham'ın 1998 yılında yayınlanan bir romanıdır.

Roman yazarına 1999 yılı Pulitzer ve Pen Faulkner ödüllerini kazandırdı. Üç kadının iç dünyalarının, en kuytu köşelerine, erkek yazarlarda rastlanmayan bir başarıyla sokulan yazar sonuçta anlatımıyla bir başyapıt yaratmıştır.

Dış bağlantılar
 Can Yayınları Sayfası

Michael Cunningham romanları
Pen Faulkner ödüllü romanlar
Pulitzer Ödülü alan romanlar
1998 romanları
1990'larda Amerikan romanları
İngilizce romanlar
Sinemaya uyarlanmış Amerikan romanları
Feminist romanlar
Farrar, Straus and Giroux kitapları
Stonewall Book Award kazanan eserler

Saatler


In number theory, the Ankeny–Artin–Chowla congruence is a result published in 1953 by N. C. Ankeny, Emil Artin and S. Chowla. It concerns the class number h of a real quadratic field of discriminant d > 0. If the fundamental unit of the field is

with integers t and u, it expresses in another form

for any prime number p > 2 that divides d. In case p > 3 it states that

where    and    is the Dirichlet character for the quadratic field. For p = 3 there is a factor (1 + m) multiplying the LHS. Here

represents the floor function of x.

A related result is that if d=p is congruent to one mod four, then

where Bn is the nth Bernoulli number.

There are some generalisations of these basic results, in the papers of the authors.

References

Theorems in algebraic number theory

Ankeny–Artin–Chowla congruence


Ismail I (, ; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail (), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, ruling as its King of Kings (Shahanshah) from 1501 to 1524. His reign is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires.

The rule of Ismail I is one of the most vital in the history of Iran. Before his accession in 1501, Iran, since its conquest by the Arabs eight-and-a-half centuries earlier, had not existed as a unified country under native Iranian rule. Although many Iranian dynasties rose to power amidst this whole period, it was only under the Buyids that a vast part of Iran properly returned to Iranian rule (945–1055).

The dynasty founded by Ismail I would rule for over two centuries, being one of the greatest Iranian empires and at its height being amongst the most powerful empires of its time, ruling all of present-day Iran, the Republic of Azerbaijan, Armenia, most of Georgia, the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan, as well as parts of modern-day Syria, Turkey, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. It also reasserted the Iranian identity in large parts of Greater Iran. The legacy of the Safavid Empire was also the revival of Iran as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy based upon "checks and balances", its architectural innovations, and patronage for fine arts.

One of his first actions was the proclamation of the Twelver denomination of Shia Islam as the official religion of his newly-founded Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam, which had major consequences for the ensuing history of Iran. He caused sectarian tensions in the Middle East when he destroyed the tombs of the Abbasid caliphs, the Sunni Imam Abu Hanifa an-Nu'man, and the Sufi Muslim ascetic Abdul Qadir Gilani in 1508. Furthermore, this drastic act also gave him a political benefit of separating the growing Safavid Empire from its Sunni neighbors—the Ottoman Empire to the west and the Uzbek Confederation to the east. However, it brought into the Iranian body politic the implied inevitability of consequent conflict between the Shah, the design of a "secular" state, and the religious leaders, who saw all secular states as unlawful and whose absolute ambition was a theocratic state.

Ismail I was also a prolific poet who under the pen name Khaṭāʾī () contributed greatly to the literary development of the Azerbaijani language. He also contributed to Persian literature, though few of his Persian writings survive.

Origins

Ismail I was born to Martha and Shaykh Haydar on July 17, 1487, in Ardabil. His father, Haydar, was the sheikh of the Safavid tariqa (Sufi order) and a direct descendant of its Kurdish founder, Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252–1334). Ismail was the last in this line of hereditary Grand Masters of the order, prior to his ascent to a ruling dynasty.

His mother Martha, better known as Halima Begum, was the daughter of Uzun Hasan, the ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu dynasty, by his Pontic Greek wife Theodora Megale Komnene, better known as Despina Khatun. Despina Khatun was the daughter of Emperor John IV of Trebizond. She had married Uzun Hassan in a deal to protect the Empire of Trebizond from the Ottoman Turks. Ismail was a great-great-grandson of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and King Alexander I of Georgia.

Roger Savory suggests that Ismail's family was of Iranian origin, likely from Iranian Kurdistan, and later moved to Azerbaijan where they assimilated into the Turkic Azeri population. Ismail was bilingual in Persian and a Southern Turkic dialect, a precursor (i.e. "proto" version) of modern Azeri Turkic. His ancestry was mixed, from various ethnic groups such as Georgians, Greeks, Kurds and Turkomans; the majority of scholars agree that his empire was an Iranian one.

In 700/1301, Safi al-Din assumed the leadership of the Zahediyeh, a significant Sufi order in Gilan, from his spiritual master and father-in-law Zahed Gilani. The order was later known as the Safavid. One genealogy claimed that Sheikh Safi (the founder of the order and Ismael's ancestor) was a lineal descendant of Ali. Ismail also proclaimed himself the Mahdi and a reincarnation of Ali.

Life

In 1488, the father of Ismail was killed in a battle at Tabasaran against the forces of the Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar and his overlord, the Aq Qoyunlu, a Turkic tribal federation which controlled most of Iran. In 1494, the Aq Qoyunlu captured Ardabil, killing Ali Mirza Safavi, the eldest son of Haydar, and forcing the 7-year-old Ismail to go into hiding in Gilan, where under the Kar-Kiya ruler Soltan-Ali Mirza, he received education under the guidance of scholars.

When Ismail reached the age of 12, he came out of hiding and returned to what is now Iranian Azerbaijan along with his followers. Ismail's rise to power was made possible by the Turkoman tribes of Anatolia and Azerbaijan, who formed the most important part of the Qizilbash movement.

Reign

Conquest of Iran and its surroundings
In the summer of 1500, Ismail rallied about 7,000 Qizilbash troops at Erzincan, including members of the Ustajlu, Rumlu, Takkalu, Dhu'l-Qadar, Afshar, Qajar, and Varsaq. Qizilbash forces passed over the Kura River in December 1500, and marched towards the Shirvanshah's state. They defeated the forces of the Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar near Cabanı (present-day Shamakhi Rayon, Azerbaijan Republic) or at Gulistan (present-day Gülüstan, Goranboy, Nagorno-Karabakh), and subsequently went on to conquer Baku. Thus, Shirvan and its dependencies (up to southern Dagestan in the north) were now Ismail's. The Shirvanshah line nevertheless continued to rule Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty for some more years, until 1538, when, during the reign of Ismail's son, Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576), from then on it came to be ruled by a Safavid governor. After the conquest, Ismail had Alexander I of Kakheti send his son Demetre to Shirvan to negotiate a peace agreement.

The successful conquest had alarmed the ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu, Alvand, who subsequently proceeded north from Tabriz, and crossed the Aras River in order to challenge the Safavid forces, and both sides met at the battle of Sharur in which Ismail's army came out victorious despite being outnumbered by four to one. Shortly before his attack on Shirvan, Ismail had made the Georgian kings Constantine II and Alexander I of respectively the kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti, attack the Ottoman possessions near Tabriz, on the promise that he would cancel the tribute that Constantine was forced to pay to the Aq Qoyunlu once Tabriz was captured. After eventually conquering Tabriz and Nakhchivan, Ismail broke the promise he had made to Constantine II, and made both the kingdoms of Kartli as well as Kakheti his vassals.

In July 1501, following his occupation of Tabriz, Ismail took the title Shah of Iran (Pādshāh-i Irān). He appointed his former guardian and mentor Husayn Beg Shamlu as the vakil (vicegerent) of the empire and the commander-in-chief (amir al-umara) of the Qizilbash army. His army was composed of tribal units, the majority of which were Turkmen from Anatolia and Syria with the remainder Kurds and Čaḡatāy. He also appointed a former Iranian vizier of the Aq Qoyunlu, named Amir Zakariya, as his vizier. After proclaiming himself Shah, Ismail also proclaimed Twelver Shi'ism to be the official and compulsory religion of Iran. He enforced this new standard by the sword, dissolving Sunni Brotherhoods and executing anyone who refused to comply to the newly implemented Shi'ism

Qāsim Beg Ḥayātī Tabrīzī (fl. 961/1554), a poet and bureaucrat of early Safavid era, states that he had heard from several witnesses that Shah Ismail's enthronement took place in Tabriz immediately after the battle of Sharur on 1 Jumada al-Thani 907 / 22 December 1501, making Ḥayātī's book entitled Tārīkh (1554) the only known narrative source to give the exact date of Shah Ismail's ascent to the throne.

After defeating an Aq Qoyunlu army in 1502, Ismail took the title of "Shah of Iran". In the same year he gained possession of Erzincan and Erzurum, while a year later, in 1503, he conquered Eraq-e Ajam and Fars; one year later he conquered Mazandaran, Gorgan, and Yazd. In 1507, he conquered Diyarbakır. During the same year, Ismail appointed the Iranian Amir Najm al-Din Mas'ud Gilani as the new vakil. This was because Ismail had begun favoring the Iranians more than the Qizilbash, who, although they had played a crucial role in Ismail's campaigns, possessed too much power and were no longer considered trustworthy.

One year later, Ismail forced the rulers of Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Kurdistan to become his vassals. The same year, Ismail and Husayn Beg Shamlu seized Baghdad, putting an end to the Aq Qoyunlu. Ismail then began destroying Sunni sites in Baghdad, including tombs of Abbasid Caliphs and tombs of Imam Abū Ḥanīfah and Abdul Qadir Gilani.

By 1510, he had conquered the whole of Iran (including Shirvan), southern Dagestan (with its important city of Derbent), Mesopotamia, Armenia, Khorasan, and Eastern Anatolia, and had made the Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti his vassals. In the same year, Husayn Beg Shamlu lost his office as commander-in-chief in favor of a man of humble origins, Mohammad Beg Ustajlu. Ismail also appointed Najm-e Sani as the new vakil of the empire due to the death of Mas'ud Gilani.

Ismail I moved against the Uzbeks. In the battle near the city of Merv, some 17,000 Qizilbash warriors ambushed and defeated an Uzbek force numbering 28,000. The Uzbek ruler, Muhammad Shaybani, was caught and killed trying to escape the battle, and the shah had his skull made into a jewelled drinking goblet. In 1512, Najm-e Sani was killed during a clash with the Uzbeks, which made Ismail appoint Abd al-Baqi Yazdi as the new vakil of the empire.

War against the Ottomans

The active recruitment of support for the Safavid cause among the Turcoman tribes of Eastern Anatolia, among tribesmen who were Ottoman subjects, had inevitably placed the neighbouring Ottoman empire and the Safavid state on a collision course. As the Encyclopaedia Iranica states, "As orthodox or Sunni Muslims, the Ottomans had reason to view with alarm the progress of Shīʿī ideas in the territories under their control, but there was also a grave political danger that the Ṣafawīya, if allowed to extend its influence still further, might bring about the transfer of large areas in Asia Minor from Ottoman to Persian allegiance". By the early 1510s, Ismail's rapidly expansionist policies had made the Safavid border in Asia Minor shift even further west. In 1511, there was a widespread pro-Safavid rebellion in southern Anatolia by the Takkalu Qizilbash tribe, known as the Şahkulu Rebellion, and an Ottoman army that was sent in order to put down the rebellion down was defeated. A large-scale incursion into Eastern Anatolia by Safavid ghazis under Nūr-ʿAlī Ḵalīfa coincided with the accession of Sultan Selim I in 1512 to the Ottoman throne, and became the casus belli which led to Selim's decision to invade Safavid Iran two years later. Selim and Ismail had been exchanging a series of belligerent letters prior to the attack. While the Safavid forces were at Chaldiran and planning on how to confront the Ottomans, Mohammad Khan Ustajlu, who served as the governor of Diyarbakır, and Nur-Ali Khalifa, a commander who knew how the Ottomans fought, proposed that they should attack as quickly as possible. This proposal was rejected by the powerful Qizilbash officer Durmish Khan Shamlu, who rudely said that Mohammad Khan Ustajlu was only interested in the province which he governed. The proposal was rejected by Ismail himself, who said; "I am not a caravan-thief; whatever is decreed by God, will occur."

Selim I eventually defeated Ismail at the battle of Chaldiran in 1514. Ismail's army was more mobile and his soldiers were better prepared, but the Ottomans prevailed due in large part to their efficient modern army, and possession of artillery, black powder and muskets. Ismail was wounded and almost captured in battle. Selim entered the Iranian capital of Tabriz in triumph on September 5, but did not linger. A mutiny among his troops, fearing a counterattack and entrapment by fresh Safavid forces called in from the interior, forced the triumphant Ottomans to withdraw prematurely. This allowed Ismail to recover. Among the booty from Tabriz was Ismail's favorite wife, for whose release the Sultan demanded huge concessions, which were refused. Despite his defeat at the Battle of Chaldiran, Ismail quickly recovered most of his kingdom, from east of the Lake Van to the Persian Gulf. However, the Ottomans managed to annex for the first time Eastern Anatolia and parts of Mesopotamia, as well as briefly northwestern Iran.

The Venetian ambassador Caterino Zeno describes the events as follows:

He also adds that:

Late reign and death

Shah Ismail's death ensued after a few years of a very saddening and depressing period of his life. After the Battle of Chaldiran, Ismail lost his supernatural air and the aura of invincibility, gradually falling into heavy drinking of alcohol. He retired to his palace, never again participated in a military campaign, and withdrew from active participation in the affairs of the state. He left these to his vizier, Mirza Shah Husayn, who became his close friend and drinking companion. This allowed Mirza Shah Husayn to gain influence over Ismail and expand his authority. Mirza Shah Husayn was assassinated in 1523 by a group of Qizilbash officers, after which Ismail appointed Zakariya's son Jalal al-Din Mohammad Tabrizi as his new vizier. Ismail died on 23 May 1524 at the relatively early age of 36. He was buried in Ardabil, and was succeeded by his son Tahmasp I.

The consequences of the defeat at Chaldiran were also psychological for Ismail: His relationships with his Qizilbash followers were fundamentally altered. The tribal rivalries between the Qizilbash, which temporarily ceased before the defeat at Chaldiran, resurfaced in intense form immediately after the death of Ismail, and led to ten years of civil war (930–40/1524–33) until Shah Tahmasp regained control of the affairs of the state. The Safavids later briefly lost Balkh and Kandahar to the Mughals, and nearly lost Herat to the Uzbeks.

During Ismail's reign, mainly in the late 1510s, the first steps for the Habsburg–Persian alliance were set as well, with Charles V and Ludwig II of Hungary being in contact with a view to combining against the common Ottoman Turkish enemy.

Royal ideology

From an early age, Ismail was acquainted with the Iranian cultural legacy. When he reached Lahijan in 1494, he gifted Mirza Ali Karkiya a copy of the medieval Persian epic Shahnameh (Book of Kings) with over 300 illustrations. Owing to his fondness of Iranian national legends, Ismail named three of his four sons after mythological shahs and heroes of the Shahnameh; his oldest son was named Tahmasp, after the last shah of the Pishdadian dynasty; his third son Sam after the champion of the Pishdadian shah Manuchehr and ancestor of the celebrated warrior-hero Rostam; his youngest son Bahram after the Sasanian shah Bahram V (), famous for his romantic life and hunting feats. Ismail's expertise in Persian poetic tales such as the Shahnameh, helped him to represent himself as the heir to the Iranian model of kingship. According to the modern historian Abbas Amanat, Ismail was motivated to visualize himself as a shah of the Shahnameh, possibly Kaykhosrow, the archetype of a great Iranian king, and the person who overcame the Turanian king Afrasiyab, the nemesis of Iran. From an Iranian perspective, Afrasiyab's kingdom of Turan was commonly identified with the land of the Turks, in particular with the Uzbek Khanate of Bukhara in Central Asia. After Ismail defeated the Uzbeks, his victory was portrayed in Safavid records as a victory over the mythological Turanians. However, this fondness of Iranian legends was not only restricted to that of Ismail and Safavid Iran; Both Muhammad Shaybani, Selim I, and later Babur and his Mughal progeny, all associated themselves with these legends. Regardless of its increasing differences, Western, Central, and South Asia all followed a common Persianate model of culture and kingship.

Before his defeat at Chaldiran in 1514, Ismail not only identified himself as the reincarnation of Alid figures such as Ali and Husayn, but also as the personification of the divine light of investiture (farr) that had radiated in the ancient Iranian shahs Darius, Khosrow I Anushirvan (), Shapur I (), since the era of the Achaemenids and Sasanians. This was a typical Safavid combination of Islamic and pre-Islamic Iranian motifs. The Safavids also included and promoted Turkic and Mongol aspects from the Central Asian steppe, such as giving high-ranking positions to Turkic leaders, and utilizing Turkic tribal clans for their aspirations in war. They likewise included Turco-Mongolian titles such as khan and bahadur to their growing collection of titles. The cultural aspects of the Safavids soon became even more numerous, as Ismail and his successors included and promoted Kurds, Arabs, Georgians, Circassians, and Armenians into their imperial program. Moreover, the conquests of Genghis Khan and Timur had merged Mongolian and Chagatai aspects into the Persian bureaucratic culture, terminology, seals, and symbols.

Ismail's poetry

Ismail is also known for his poetry using the pen name Khaṭāʾī (). He wrote in the Turkish of Safavid Iran and Persian, although his extant verses in the former vastly outnumber the latter. The (Turkoman) Turkish spoken in Iran, which was commonly known as Turki, was not the Turkish of Istanbul, but a sort of precursor (i.e "proto" form ) of modern-day Azerbaijani or Azeri Turkic (see also; Ajem-Turkic).

Vladimir Minorsky characterized Ismail's divan as written in a "Southern Turkish (Turcoman) dialect directly associated with the so-called ʻʻĀzarbāyjān Turkish'', and noted that his Turkish "already shows traces of decomposition due to the influence of the Iranian milieu". Minorsky also added that Chaghatai words are found (as well as other words and forms of unknown origin) in Ismail I's poems. Stephen Dale describes the language used by Ismail in his well-known propagandistic verse directed at the Turkoman tribesmen in Azerbaijan and eastern Anatolia as the same precursor of Azeri Turkish (i.e. proto-Azeri) that he was able to converse in.

Ismail is considered an important figure in the literary history of Azerbaijani language. According to Encyclopædia Iranica, "Ismail was a skillful poet who used prevalent themes and images in lyric and didactic-religious poetry with ease and some degree of originality". He was also deeply influenced by the Persian literary tradition of Iran, particularly by the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, which probably explains the fact that he named all of his sons after Shahnameh-characters. Dickson and Welch suggest that Ismail's "Shāhnāmaye Shāhī" was intended as a present to his young son Tahmasp. After defeating Muhammad Shaybani's Uzbeks, Ismail asked Hatefi, a famous poet from Jam (Khorasan), to write a Shahnameh-like epic about his victories and his newly established dynasty. Although the epic was left unfinished, it was an example of mathnawis in the heroic style of the Shahnameh written later on for the Safavid kings.

Most of the poems are concerned with love—particularly of the mystical Sufi kind—though there are also poems propagating Shi'i doctrine and Safavi politics. His other serious works include the Nasihatnāme, a book of advice, and the unfinished Dahnāme, a book which extols the virtues of love—both written in the same Turkoman Turkish (i.e. proto-Azeri Turkic).

Along with the poet Imadaddin Nasimi, Khatā'ī is considered to be among the first proponents of using a simpler Azerbaijani language in verse that would appeal to a broader audience. His work is most popular in Azerbaijan, as well as among the Bektashis of Turkey. There is a large body of Alevi and Bektashi poetry that has been attributed to him. The major impact of his religious writings, in the long run, was the conversion of Persia from Sunni to Shia Islam.

Examples of his poems are:

Poetry example 1

Poetry example 2

Poetry example 3

Poetry from other composers about Ismail, I.

Emergence of a clerical aristocracy
An important feature of the Safavid society was the alliance that emerged between the ulama (the religious class) and the merchant community. The latter included merchants trading in the bazaars, the trade and artisan guilds (asnaf) and members of the quasi-religious organizations run by dervishes (futuvva). Because of the relative insecurity of property ownership in Persia, many private landowners secured their lands by donating them to the clergy as so-called vaqf. They would thus retain the official ownership and secure their land from being confiscated by royal commissioners or local governors, as long as a percentage of the revenues from the land went to the ulama. Increasingly, members of the religious class, particularly the mujtahids and the seyyeds, gained full ownership of these lands, and, according to contemporary historian Iskandar Munshi, Persia started to witness the emergence of a new and significant group of landowners.

Appearance and skills

Ismail was described by contemporaries as having a regal appearance, gentlemanly in quality and youthfulness. He also had a fair complexion and red hair. His appearance compared to other olive-skinned Persians, his descent from the Safavid Shaykhs, and his religious ideals, contributed to people's expectation based on various legends circulating during this period of heightened religious awareness in Western Asia.

An Italian traveller describes Ismail as follows:

Legacy
Ismail's greatest legacy was establishing an empire which lasted over 200 years. As Alexander Mikaberidze states, "The Safavid dynasty would rule for two more centuries [after Ismail's death] and establish the basis for the modern-nation state of Iran." Even after the fall of the Safavids in 1736, their cultural and political influence endured through the era of Afsharid, Zand, Qajar, and Pahlavi dynasties into the modern Islamic Republic of Iran as well as the neighboring Azerbaijan Republic, where Shi'a Islam is still the dominant religion as it was during the Safavid era.

In popular culture

Literature
In the Safavid period, the famous Azeri folk romance Shah Ismail emerged. According to Azerbaijani literary critic Hamid Arasly, this story is related to Ismail I. But it is also possible that it is dedicated to Ismail II.

Places and structures
 A district (Xətai raion), facility, monument (erected in 1993, , and metro station in Baku, Azerbaijan
 A street in Ganja, Azerbaijan

Statues
 A statue in Ardabil, Iran (in the Azerbaijan region of Iran)
A statue in Baku, Azerbaijan
 A sculpture in Khachmaz, Azerbaijan
A bust in Ganja, Azerbaijan

Music
Shah Ismayil is the name of an Azerbaijani mugham opera in 6 acts and 7 scenes composed by Muslim Magomayev, in 1915–19.

Other
Shah Ismail Order (the highest Azerbaijani military award presented by the Commander-in-chief and President of Azerbaijan)

Issue

Sons
Tahmasp I - with Tajlu Khanum.
 'Abul Ghazi Sultan Alqas Mirza (15 March 1515 – 9 April 1550) Governor of Astrabad 1532/33–1538, Shirvan 1538–1547 and Derbent 1546–1547. He rebelled against his brother Tahmasp with Ottoman help. Captured and imprisoned at the Fortress of Qahqahan. He had a consort, Khadija Sultan Khanum, and two sons,
 Ahmad Mirza (died 1568)
 Farukh Mirza (died 1568)
 Rustam Mirza (born 13 September 1517)
 'Abul Naser Sultan Sam Mirza (28 August 1518 – December 1567) Governor-General of Khorasan 1521–1529 and 1532–1534, and of Ardabil 1549–1571. He rebelled against his brother Tahmasp, captured and imprisoned at the Fortress of Qahqahan. He had two sons and one daughter. His daughter married Prince Jesse of Kakheti (died 1583) Governor of Shaki, the third son of Georgian king Levan of Kakheti.
 'Abu'l Fat'h Sultan Moez od-din Bahram Mirza (7 September 1518 – 16 September 1550) – with Tajlu Khanum. Governor of Khorasan 1529–1532, Gilan 1536–1537 and Hamadan 1546–1549. He married Zainab Sultan Khanum and had three sons:
 Sultan Husain Mirza (died 1567)
 Ibrahim Mirza (1541–1577),
 Badi uz-Zaman Mirza (k.1577)
 Hussein Mirza (born 11 December 1520)

Daughters
 Parikhan Khanum - with Tajlu Khanum, married in 1520–21 to  Shirvanshah Khalilullah II;
Mahinbanu Khanum - with Tajlu Khanum  (1519 – 20 January 1562, buried in Qom), unmarried;
Khanish Khanum (1507–563, buried in Imam Husayn Shrine, Karbala), married to Shah Nur-al Din Nimatullah Baqi, and had a son named Mirmiran and a daughter;
Khair al-Nisa Khanum (died at Masuleh, 13 March 1532, and buried in Sheikh Safi al-Din tomb, Ardabil), married on 5 September 1517 to Amira Dubbaj, ruler of Gilan and Fuman;
Shah Zainab Khanum;
Nakira Khanum;
Farangis Khanum;

Ancestry

See also

 Safavid dynasty family tree
 List of Turkic-languages poets
 Safavid conversion of Iran from Sunnism to Shiism
 Seven Great Poets

Notes

References

Bibliography

 Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587–1629, 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, , English translation by Azizeh Azodi.

 M. Momen, An Introduction to Shi'i Islam, Yale Univ. Press, 1985, pp. 397,
 M. Meserve, "The Sophy: How News of Shah Ismail Savafi Spread in Renaissance Europe." Journal of Early Modern History 18 (2014): 1–30.

1487 births
1524 deaths
16th-century Kurdish people
16th-century monarchs in the Middle East
16th-century Shia Muslims
Alevism
Azerbaijani-language poets
Critics of Sunni Islam
Iranian people of Kurdish descent
Iranian people of Greek descent
Iranian people of Turkish descent
Iranian Shia Muslims
Iranian Sufis
Kurdish Sufis
People from Ardabil
Persian-language poets
Safavid monarchs
Sufi poets
Theocrats
Twelvers
16th-century Iranian people
16th-century people from Safavid Iran

Ismail I


මිත්‍යාදෘෂ්ටිය යනු වැරදි මතයන් සත්‍ය ලෙස පිළිගැනීම ය.

මිත්‍යාදෘෂ්ටි අකුසලය සඳහා සම්පූර්ණ විය යුතු අංග:
 ගන්නාවූ දෘෂ්ටිය වැරදි වීම
 එය සත්‍යය වශයෙන් පිළිගැනීම.

මිථ්‍යාදෘෂ්ඨිය


Kompleks stare Zdravstvene stanice nalazi se u Imotskom, na adresi ul. Vladimira Nazora 10.

Opis
Kompleks se sastoji od tri kuće izrazitih stilskih figura, smještene u terasastom vrtu, ograđenom kamenim zidom u koji se ulazi kroz troja vrata. Južna kuća je reprezentativnija i najveća, građena od velikog, fino obrađenog kamena. U potkrovlju je istaknuti cementni luminar s atikom, ukrašen volutama i figurama lavova a na kutovima kuće su sklupture godišnjih doba na visokim postoljima s volutama.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4559 zaveden je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "javne građevine".

Izvori

Zaštićena kulturna dobra u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Građevine u Imotskom

Kompleks stare Zdravstvene stanice u Imotskome


An Carex turkestanica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard August von Regel. An Carex turkestanica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Carex

Carex turkestanica


أبو تلول قرية تقع شرقي بئر السبع بمسافة 15 كم وهي جنوب طريق بئر السبع ديمونا. صودرت أغلب أراضي القرية عام 1978 بعد اتفاقية السلام التي ابرمت مع مصر وقد صادرت الدولة انذاك أكثر من 95% من اراضي القرية ومن قرية وادي المشاش ومنطقة الرميل التابع لقرية ام متنان. وقد تحرك سكان أبو تلول الذين يسكنون في هذه المنطقة المصادرة إلى الطرف الشمالي للمنطقة. يحدها من الجانب الشرقي قريتي ام متنان والمذبح ومن الغرب صويوين وخشم زنة.

التاريخ وأصل الاسم
سميت بهذا الاسم نسبة إلى منطقة تكثر فيها التلال الصغيرة، أبو تلول منطقة كبيرة تضم بداخلها مناطق أخرى لها.

بعله قرية كنعانية قديمة وهي على مجموعة تلال حيث تظهر الآثار لهذه الخربة ويوجد فيها الكثير
من ابار المياه التي تلتقط مياه الأمطار .

السكان والمرفقات
يبلغ عدد السكان في القرية حوالي 5000 نسمة. يوجد في القرية مدرستين يتعلم في هاتين المدرستين ما يقارب 1800 طالبا من القرية ومن بعض القرى المجاورة.

المصادر

 موقع فلسطين في الذاكرة

انظر أيضا
 الجمامة، بئر السبع.
 الخلصة، بئر السبع.
 تل السبع (تل أبو محفوظ)، بئر السبع.
 الزرنوق (أبو قويدر)

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 2006
أماكن مأهولة في المنطقة الجنوبية (إسرائيل)
تأسيسات سنة 2006 في إسرائيل
قرى بئر السبع
قرى عربية في إسرائيل
مقالات تتضمن معلومات من موقع فلسطين في الذاكرة

أبو تلول (بئر السبع)


Dubravko Balenović (Zagreb, 4. srpnja 1944.), geolog, hrvatski podvodni ribolovac, sportski dužnosnik, poduzetnik, političar i publicist.

Od ranog djetinjstva postao stanovnik Malog Lošinja, gdje je s ocem Zvonimirom i bratom Vladimirom ušao u svijet podvodnog ribolova. Višestruki osvajač Novogodišnjeg kupa gradova u Malom Lošinju, državni prvak, dugogodišnji reprezentativac Jugoslavije, izbornik reprezentacije Hrvatske (1993. – 1996.). Na Svjetskom prvenstvu 1967. na Kubi osvojio peto mjesto. Predsjednik Hrvatskog ronilačkog saveza.

Godine 1990. izabran za predsjednika Izvršnog vijeća Općine Cres-Lošinj. Predsjednik općinskog Kriznog štaba prilikom povlačenja JNA s Lošinja u prosincu 1991. godine.

Godine 2014. objavio hrvatski prijevod putopisa Alberta Fortisa "Ogled zapažanja o otocima Cresu i Lošinju" iz 1771. godine, te knjigu autobiografskih zapisa "Moje posljednje ronjenje" 2018. godine.

Hrvatski geolozi
Hrvatski športski djelatnici
Hrvatski poduzetnici
Hrvatski političari
Hrvatski publicisti

Dubravko Balenović


Der Burnt River ist ein Fluss in der kanadischen Provinz Ontario.

Er hat seinen Ursprung im Miskwabi Lake in der Township Highlands East im Haliburton County.
Von dort fließt er in südlicher Richtung zur Kawartha-Lakes-Region.
Schließlich mündet er in den Cameron Lake in der City of Kawartha Lakes.
Er ist somit ein wichtiger Wasserlieferant für den Trent-Severn-Wasserweg, der durch die Kawartha Lakes verläuft.
Der Ort Burnt River liegt nahe der Mündung des Burnt River.

Der Burnt River wurde früher zum Flößen der im Einzugsgebiet gefällten Baumstämme zu den abstrom gelegenen Sägemühlen genutzt.
Später wurde die Victoria Railway entlang dem Flusslauf errichtet.
Die Trasse dieser ehemaligen Eisenbahnlinie wird heute als Wanderweg verwendet.

Seinen Namen ("Burnt" ist das englische Wort für "verbrannt") verdankt der Fluss einem Waldbrand in der Region, der dem Burnt River eine ungewöhnliche Farbe verlieh.

Fauna
Zu den drei wichtigsten Speisefischen im Fluss zählen Glasaugenbarsch, Muskellunge und Schwarzbarsch.
Die Fische erreichen nicht die Größe, wie deren Artgenossen in den nahe gelegenen Seen.
Sie können jedoch gemäß lokaler Gesetze legal gefangen werden.
Der Schwarzbarsch lässt sich auch mittels Fliegenfischen fangen.

Zuflüsse
Drag River (rechts)
Irondale River (links)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Haliburton County
Kawartha Lakes (Ontario)

Burnt River (Cameron Lake)


Arderea Sodomii și Gomorii este o miniatură realizată pe 24 mai 1842 de către miniaturistul transilvănean din secolul al XIX-lea Procopie (Picu) Pătruț.  În prezent se află în custodia Muzeului Țăranului Român.

Ilustrația face parte din cele 139 de miniaturi realizate de Picu Pătruț între 1842 și 1851, pentru a ilustra Biblia de la Sankt Petersburg din 1819.

Scena îl prezintă pe personajul biblic Lot, aflat împreună cu fiicele sale, părăsind sub îndrumarea Îngerului cetatea Sodomei, cuprinsă de flăcări. În partea dreaptă a tabloului se observă stâlpul de sare în care a fost transformată soția lui Lot, pentru că a privit înapoi spre oraș.

Note

Vezi și
 Sodoma și Gomora

Legături externe
 Pagina miniaturii la Europeana

Manuscrise
Picturi din 1842
Tablouri cu teme biblice

Arderea Sodomii și Gomorii


Bu madde, Friedrich Nietzsche maddesinin alt başlığıdır.

Bengi dönüş (sonsuz dönüş, ebedi dönüş ya da ebedi tekerrür) düşüncesi, zamanın döngüsel bir formda olduğu ve olayların bu döngüsellikte sonsuza dek yinelenmiş olduğu, yinelendiği ve yineleneceği tezini içermektedir. Friedrich Nietzsche bu düşünceyi etik anlamda oluştaki yaratıcılığın, en yüksek yaşama gücünü elde etmenin, acıyla başa çıkmanın ve Üstinsan'ı meydana getirme aracı ve koşulu olarak geliştirmiştir. Ayrıca bengi dönüş, aktif nihilizmin kendini gösterdiği güçlü sınıfın karşılaşacağı bir sorudur.

Bengi dönüş, Friedrich Nietzsche'nin başyapıtı Böyle Buyurdu Zerdüşt'ün ana sorunudur.

Gelişimi
Friedrich Nietzsche, otobiyografik ve özeleştirel Ecce Homo kitabında düşüncenin gelişimini şöyle anlatır:

Nietzsche bengi dönüşten ilk kez Şen Bilimde şöyle söz eder:

 Etik
Bengi dönüş etik düzeyde, insanların yaşamlarını en yüksek noktaya "onu bir daha yaşamayı isteyerek" ulaştıracaklarını anlatır. Varlığın en kesin gerçeği olan yok oluş, bengi dönüş ile olumlanabildiğinde korkutuculuğunu yitirir. Nietzsche'ye göre, insan yaşamını tamamladığında ölüm korkusu ortadan kalkacaktır. Bu "yaşamı tamamlama" olgusu, bengi dönüşe, yani bütün acılarıyla ya da fatalist yapısıyla da olsa yaşamı yeniden yaşamaya "evet" diyebilme gücüne sahip olmaktır. Zerdüşt'ün andığı "Kişinin kendi gönüllü ölümünü seçmesi" düşüncesinde yaşamı en yüksek düzeyde kendi elinde bulundurabilmesi vurgulanır.

Bengi dönüş amor fatinin de ön koşuludur. İnsanların kendi seçimleri olmayan yazgılarını sevebilmeleri için onu acılarla birlikte yeniden yaşamayı onaylamak ve bengi dönüşle yaşamı böylece olumlamak gerekir.
Poincaré yinelenme teoremi
Matematikte bengi dönüş kavramıyla ilgili olarak Poincaré yinelenme teoremi bulunmaktadır. Buna göre, dinamikleri hacmini koruyan ve sınırlı mekansal hacimle sınırlanan bir sistem, yeterli süre sonra, baştaki durumuna çok yakın bir biçimde yinelenecektir. Bu bengi dönüşe bir kanıt sayılabilir, ancak Nietzsche'nin tam olarak önerdiği şey, evrendeki en büyükten en küçüğe kadar bütün olayların aynı sıralamayla hiç şaşmayacak biçimde yineleneceğidir. Bunun nedeni ise 19. yüzyıla egemen olmuş nedensellik ilkesidir. Egemen görüşe göre nedensellik ilkesi kesin ve çok ağır bir determinizmi getirerek insan için özgürlük sorununu yaratır; ancak Nietzsche, özgürlüğü bir çeşit paradoks olarak olanaklı kabul eder. Şöyle ki, insanın bengi dönüş karşısında vereceği yanıt belirsizdir ve aktif-pasif nihilizm ikiliği insanın yaşamı boyunca belirsiz kalacaktır. İnsan yaşamının çeşitli dönemlerinde bengi dönüş karşısında aktif ya da pasif nihilistçe tepki gösterebilir. Nietzsche bu belirsizliği de över ve belirsizliğe sanat için uygun bir ortam olarak yaklaşır. Onaylama ilkesi olarak bengi dönüş bu belirsizlikle yaratmayı getirir. Fatalizm Nietzsche felsefesinde her zaman olumlanır.

Fizikteki nedensellik ilkesi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda Poincaré yinelenme teoremine göre bengi dönüşün kozmolojik anlamda olasılığının varlığı kanıtlanmış olur; çünkü nedensellikle, eğer sistemdeki etkiler aynıysa sonuçlar da aynı olacaktır.

 Modern kozmoloji
1930'larda ortaya atılan Sarkaç Evren teorisi evrenin Big Bang ile başlayıp Big Crunch ile süren sonsuz bir dönüş içinde olduğuna dayanır. Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsü profesörü Max Tegmark'a göre, eğer evren yeterince sabitse ya da enerjinin korunumu yasasındaki gibi sınırlıysa, Dünya'nın bütün Hubble hacminin tarihindeki özdeş durumlar yeniden görülebilir.

Modern kozmolojik tasarılar Peter Lynds tarafından da yapılmıştır. Peter Lynds, 2006 yılında bir sonsuz yinelenme modeli öne sürmüştür. Aynı zamanda James Quirk, sonsuz yinelenme düşüncesine kuantum mekaniğinin işleyişini yorumlayarak yaklaşmıştır.

 Varlıktan oluşa
Friedrich Nietzsche'nin varlık görüşü de bengi dönüşü temel alır. Ona göre varlık sonsuz dönüş içindeki oluştur, Ur-Eine''''dir (tek birlik). Bütün çeşitlilik ve formlar oluşa dayanır ve oluşla bütündür.

Nietzsche kendi içindeliği ile sınırları reddeder. Varlık sonsuz oluş olduğuna göre bu oluştan bağımsız "şey"ler ya da bağımsız formlar düşünmek yanlıştır. Oluş hiçbir zaman durmayacağına göre formların kendi başına varlıkları yoktur ve dolayısıyla da kendi içinde bir şey yoktur.

Sınırları reddedip tek birliğe, Ur-Eine'ye ulaşmak Dionysosça birlik ve bütünlüğü getirir. Ulaşılabilecek en yüksek güç bu birliktedir. Varlıkla bu derecede bütün olmak egonun gereksizliğini ortaya koyar. Friedrich Nietzsche, 1867 yılında bir mektupta "insanlığın egoizminin yeterince zeki olmadığını ve zekasının da yeterince egoist olmadığını" yazar. Böyle Buyurdu Zerdüşt'''ün her sayfasına dağılmış olan bu düşünceler bengi dönüş ile anlam kazanmaktadır.

Kaynakça
Özel

Genel

Felsefi argümanlar
Friedrich Nietzsche
Din felsefesi
Nedensellik
Dinî kozmolojiler

Bengi dönüş


Manuel Flores Varela (Monterrey, Nuevo León, 12 de junio de 1901 - ibídem, 2 de octubre de 1970) fue un músico, profesor y político mexicano.

Nació en Monterrey, Nuevo León, el 12 de junio de 1901. Estudió música en la Academia Beethoven con los maestros Daniel Zambrano y Antonio Ortiz. Fue miembro del conjunto de la cámara del cine Variedades y director de la orquesta Metrónomo. Fue regidor y secretario del Ayuntamiento de Monterrey en 1937, diputado al Congreso Local en 1937-38, y alcalde de la ciudad de Monterrey entre 1939 y 1940. Durante su administración creó la Escuela Municipal de Música que dirigió Alicia González; creó la Biblioteca Municipal "Felipe Guerra Castro". Fue oficial mayor de gobierno en la administración del Lic. Raúl Rangel Frías en 1955-61, e intervino también en la fundación de la Escuela de Música (actual Facultad de Música) de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León y en la creación de la Orquesta Sinfónica de la misma Universidad. Figuró en instituciones sindicales y federaciones obreras, así como en actividades masónicas y clubes de servicio.

Manuel Flores Varela murió en Monterrey el 2 de octubre de 1970.

Bibliografía

Nacidos en Monterrey
Músicos de México
Profesores de México
Directores de orquesta de México
Políticos de Nuevo León
Presidentes municipales de Monterrey
Masones de México
Fallecidos en Monterrey

Manuel Flores Varela


Masenkovski  es un jútor del raión de Kalíninskaya del krai de Krasnodar de Rusia. Está situado en las llanuras de Kubán-Priazov, a orillas del limán Ponurski del río Ponura, un afluente del delta del río Kirpili, 6 km al suroeste de Kalíninskaya y 56 km al noroeste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 72 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Dzhumailovskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Масенковский.
 Mapa topográfico soviético a escala 1:100000 en maps.vlasenko.net

Localidades del raión de Kalíninskaya del krai de Krasnodar

Masenkovski


Lympha, monotipski rod crvenih alga iz porodice Batrachospermaceae opisan 2017. godine u kojega je smještena slatkovodna alga L. mucosa iz Sjeverne Amerike.

Lokalitet holotipa je rijeka Kinniconick, Kentucky.

Izvori

Batrachospermaceae

Lympha (alga)


Klaus Schenkel (* 17. September 1939) ist ein deutscher Segler.

Werdegang
Schenkels sportliche Heimat ist die Seglervereinigung 1903 Berlin. 1970 wurde er in der O-Jolle Europameister.

Neben seiner sportlichen Tätigkeit war er in seinem Verein ab den 1960er Jahren als Jugend- und Sportwart tätig. Ab 1992 war er dessen Vorsitzender, bis er von Martin Heine abgelöst wurde. Unter seinem Vorsitz erhöhte sich die Mitgliederzahl auf 365. Als Wettfahrtobmann im Segelbezirk Wannsee leitete über 40 Jahre hinweg zahlreiche Deutsche Meisterschaften und Europacups.

Schenkel wurde nach seiner Vorstandstätigkeit zum Commodore des Vereins ernannt.

Ehrungen
 2012: Verdienstkreuz am Bande der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Weblinks
 Sportsenator Henkel überreicht Verdienstkreuz am Bande des Verdienstordens an Klaus Schenkel, Pressemitteilung Nr. 9 der Senatsverwaltung für Inneres und Sport, 3. Februar 2012

Einzelnachweise

Regattasegler (Deutschland)
Europameister (Segeln)
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Sportler (Berlin)
Deutscher
Geboren 1939
Mann

Klaus Schenkel (Segler)


Tobias Fjeld Gulliksen, né le  à Drammen en Norvège, est un footballeur norvégien qui évolue au poste d'ailier gauche au FK Bodø/Glimt.

Biographie

Strømsgodset IF
Né à Drammen en Norvège Tobias Gulliksen est formé par le Strømsgodset IF. En janvier 2019 il signe son premier contrat professionnel. Il joue son premier match en professionnel le  lors d'une rencontre d'Eliteserien face au Aalesunds FK. Il entre en jeu à la place de  et les deux équipes se neutralisent (1-1).

Gulliksen inscrit son premier but en professionnel le , à l'occasion d'une rencontre de championnat face à l'Odds BK. Titulaire, il marque le deuxième but de son équipe sur un service de Halldor Stenevik et son équipe l'emporte ce jour-là sur le score de trois buts à zéro.

Le , Gulliksen prolonge avec son club formateur jusqu'en juillet 2024.

FK Bodø/Glimt
Le 21 juillet 2023, Tobias Gulliksen rejoint le FK Bodø/Glimt.

En sélection
Depuis 2021, il représente l'équipe de Norvège des moins de 19 ans. Il marque son premier but avec cette sélection le  contre l'Ukraine (défaite 2-3 des Norvégiens).

Références

Liens externes

Footballeur norvégien
Joueur du Strømsgodset IF
Joueur du FK Bodø/Glimt
Naissance en juillet 2003
Naissance à Drammen

Tobias Gulliksen


Monserrate Portekiz'de Viana do Castelo belediyesine bağlı olan, 2,07 km² yüzölçümüne sahip, 5.637 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Viana do Castelo

Monserrate


Lasse Fosgaard (født 6. september 1986) er en dansk fodboldspiller, der spiller for den danske fodboldklub Avarta. Han er søn af den tidligere KB-spiller Bo Fosgaard.

Karriere

Lyngby Boldklub
Den 4. januar 2017 blev det offentliggjort, at Fosgaard havde forlænget aftalen frem til sommeren 2019.

Avarta
Efter 10 sæsoner i den kongeblå trøje valgte Lasse Fosgaard at takke af fra øverste niveau i dansk fodbold, og flytte til hans tidligere klub Avarta, der på daværende tidspunk var rykket ned i Danmarksserien.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Boldklubben Avarta
Fodboldspillere fra Brønshøj Boldklub
Fodboldspillere fra Lyngby Boldklub

Lasse Fosgaard


An Gymnadenia in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Gymnadenia in nahilalakip ha familia nga Orchidaceae.

Ilarom nga taxa

 Gymnadenia archiducis-joannis
 Gymnadenia austriaca
 Gymnadenia bicornis
 Gymnadenia borealis
 Gymnadenia buschmanniae
 Gymnadenia carpatica
 Gymnadenia chanousiana
 Gymnadenia conopsea
 Gymnadenia corneliana
 Gymnadenia crassinervis
 Gymnadenia delphineae
 Gymnadenia densiflora
 Gymnadenia eggeriana
 Gymnadenia emeiensis
 Gymnadenia frivaldii
 Gymnadenia gabasiana
 Gymnadenia godferyana
 Gymnadenia heufleri
 Gymnadenia lithopolitanica
 Gymnadenia nigra
 Gymnadenia odoratissima
 Gymnadenia orchidis
 Gymnadenia pyrenaeensis
 Gymnadenia rhellicani
 Gymnadenia rubra
 Gymnadenia runei
 Gymnadenia stiriaca
 Gymnadenia taquetii
 Gymnadenia truongiae
 Gymnadenia turnowskyi
 Gymnadenia wettsteiniana
 Gymnadenia widderi

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Gymnadenia

Gymnadenia


Rawdah Mohamed, née en  en Somalie, est une mannequin, activiste des droits civique et influenceuse somalo-norvégienne de religion musulmane. Elle est la rédactrice en chef du magazine de mode Vogue Scandinavia depuis .

Biographie
Rawdah Mohamed naît en  en Somalie. Porteuse du foulard islamique depuis l'âge de sept ans, elle quitte son pays avec ses parents pour la Norvège à ses huit ans. Elle est victime de racisme et d'islamophobie en raison de son voile et de ses origines. Adulte, Rawdah Mohamed commence à travailler dans un établissement pour personnes autistes, gérant un blog de mode à côté. Celui-ci gagne en popularité, et elle perce sur Instagram comme mannequin, conseillère beauté et influenceuse.

Rawdah Mohamed affirme avoir essuyé plusieurs refus par l'industrie de la mode, les publicitaires craignaient une réaction violente de la part des politiciens et des médias s'ils montraient une femme en hidjab. En , Rawdah Mohamed la première femme voilée et de couleur à être est nommée rédactrice en chef d'un magazine de mode, en l'occurrence Vogue Scandinavia.

Prises de position

Amendement contre le port du voile aux mineures en France
Le , Rawdah Mohamed lance le mot-dièse #HandsOffMyHijab en réaction à la loi « contre le séparatisme », dont un amendement visait à interdire le port du voile aux mineures.

Décès d'Élisabeth II
À l'annonce de la mort de la reine Élisabeth II, Rawdah Mohamed fait plusieurs stories sur son compte Instagram où elle se réjouit du décès de la souveraine. Cela provoque une vague d'indignation parmi ses abonnés, ce à quoi elle répond qu'elle est indifférente aux critiques négatives et pointe l'Histoire raciste du Royaume-Uni.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Mannequin femme somalien
Mannequin femme norvégien
Personnalité féminine somalienne
Personnalité féminine norvégienne
Naissance en 1991
Naissance en Somalie
Journaliste de mode
Rédactrice en chef
Personnalité de la religion musulmane au XXIe siècle

Rawdah Mohamed


Les championnats d'Europe de BMX 2022 ont lieu du 8 au  à Dessel en Belgique.

Podiums

Tableau des médailles

Voir aussi
 Championnats d'Europe de BMX freestyle 2022

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Présentation et résultats sur le site de l'UEC
  Présentation sur le site de l'UCI
 Résultats complets
 Résultats sur le site de l'UCI

2022
BMX
BMX 2022
BMX Europe 2022
Europe
BMX
Cyclisme en juillet 2022
Sport en Belgique en juillet 2022

Championnats d'Europe de BMX 2022


Oliver Schäfer (født 27. februar 1969 i Lahr, Vesttyskland) er en tysk tidligere fodboldspiller (forsvarer).

Schäfer spillede hovedparten af sin karriere i hjemlandet, hvor han blandt andet repræsenterede SC Freiburg, Hannover 96 og FC Kaiserslautern. Hos sidstnævnte var han med til at vinde både Bundesligaen og DFB-Pokalen. Han havde også et étårigt ophold i Tyrkiet hos Besiktas.

Titler
Bundesligaen
 1998 med FC Kaiserslautern

DFB-Pokal
 1996 med FC Kaiserslautern

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Tyskland
Fodboldspillere fra Hannover 96
Fodboldspillere fra 1. FC Kaiserslautern
Fodboldspillere fra 1. FC Saarbrücken
Fodboldspillere fra SC Freiburg
Fodboldspillere fra Beşiktaş JK

Oliver Schäfer


Sheehy peut faire référence à :
 Gail Sheehy (née en 1936), écrivaine, journaliste et conférencière américaine.
 Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington (1877-1946), suffragette et nationaliste irlandaise.
 Henry Sheehy Keating (1775-1847), militaire britannique.
 Kathy Sheehy (née en 1970), joueuse américaine de water-polo.
 Melissa Sheehy-Richard, femme politique canadienne.
 Mikey Sheehy (né en 1954), joueur de football gaélique.
 Owen Sheehy-Skeffington (1909-1970), homme politique irlandais.
 Neil Sheehy (né en 1960), joueur canado-américain de hockey sur glace.
 Suzie Sheehy, physicienne australienne.
 Tim Sheehy (né en 1948), joueur américain de hockey sur glace.

Sheehy


Elim Garak  is a fictional character from the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, in which he is portrayed by Andrew J. Robinson. In the series, Garak is an exiled spy from the Cardassian Union and a former member of the feared Cardassian intelligence group called the Obsidian Order. Garak was exiled to the space station that became known as Deep Space Nine and established a tailoring business there. While during most episodes of the series, he is indeed a harmless tailor, he is also a complex character whose portrayal often hints at hidden secrets and back-story, and he displays competence in a wide range of skills and knowledge in a crisis. Garak sometimes wilfully or coincidentally plays a role in covert operations on the side of the United Federation of Planets running Deep Space Nine. Occasionally, other Cardassians warn Federation personnel that he is "a very dangerous man with a traitorous mind", but in general he plays a rather positive, though sometimes sinister or multilayered, role during the series.

According to both Robinson and Producer/Showrunner Ira Behr, Garak was a gay character, making him the first lead LGBT character in Star Trek.

Role
Garak is introduced in the second episode of the first season of Deep Space Nine, "Past Prologue". He appears in the replimat on Deep Space Nine, where he introduces himself  to the station's doctor, Julian Bashir, as Garak, a tailor exiled from Cardassia. In the same episode, it is discovered that Garak was known as "The Spy" to the crew of Deep Space Nine, as the only Cardassian left on the station after Cardassia ended their occupation of the nearby planet, Bajor.

Garak often denied involvement with the feared Cardassian intelligence agency, the Obsidian Order, only later to reveal a likely connection. As Garak's friendship with Bashir develops, it is revealed that he was one of the Obsidian Order's highest ranking operatives, and that he was exiled from Cardassia for unspecified reasons. It is suggested that his exile resulted from either letting prisoners escape during the occupation of Bajor, or the betrayal of Enabran Tain, head of the Order, who is later revealed to be Garak's resentful biological father. Garak's secrecy keeps him a character of interest and importance; he later uses his contacts with Cardassia and his training in the Obsidian Order to assist the Federation in the war against the Dominion. Garak appears in 37 of the 176 episodes of Deep Space Nine, including the series finale, and appears in each of the seven seasons.

Portrayal
Garak was intended to be a one-off character; Robinson said that he portrayed the character in the episode for the simple fact that he needed money for that month to pay his bills. The producers were impressed with Robinson's performance and decided to develop the character after Robinson agreed to return. The decision to incorporate Garak into more of the series led to Garak becoming a pivotal character—transforming him into a character of importance with unusual complexity and resonance.

Robinson's initial performance as Garak received scrutiny as his portrayal was interpreted as Garak being homosexual or bisexual. In particular, Robinson portrayed Garak as having sexual interest in Bashir, and he used that as character motivation as an actor. Robinson denied that his portrayal was intended to portray Garak as homosexual and stated that he was omnisexual. As a result of the controversy, Robinson removed the particular characteristic from Garak.

Garak changes from a simple mysterious character to one of complexity and secrecy. Robinson stated that the complexity of Garak's character did not come from his lies, but rather his refusal to elaborate on himself.

Producer and Showrunner, Ira Behr said that the character was gay, "Garak was clearly gay. I mean, everyone knew it". He said the character was played as such however was not openly declared because the studio would not have approved. Writer Robert Hewitt Wolfe, who wrote a number of episodes with Garak in them, has also stated he wrote the character as gay or bisexual "it would not be wrong to interpret Garak as bisexual."

Character overview

Garak has a long-standing antagonistic relationship with the prefect of Bajor, Gul Dukat. In the episode "Civil Defense", Dukat states that it was a mistake for his father to have once trusted Garak and later in "For the Cause", it is revealed that Garak had Dukat's father tortured and killed.  During the occupation of Bajor, Garak was a Gul serving the Cardassian mechanized infantry, or so Garak tells Bashir during the episode "The Wire". The episode "The Die is Cast", in which Garak was (briefly) reinstated to the Obsidian Order, there is mention of an incident with Dukat and Garak that involved an arms merchant, with Garak admitting he plans to kill Dukat when he returns to Cardassia. Later, Garak fell from grace and was exiled from Cardassia. He fled to the Cardassian space station Terok Nor when the Cardassians withdrew from the station, leaving it to the Federation and Bajorans. The reasons for Garak's exile were never stated explicitly. In "The Wire", a delirious Garak gave three contradictory stories for his exile: first that he had killed some escaping Bajoran prisoners in the last days of the occupation but in the process also killed the daughter of a powerful Cardassian military official; then that he actually took pity on some Bajoran children and allowed them to escape and finally that he had been framed by his best friend Elim, for letting Bajoran prisoners escape. The name he gives as his friend "Elim", is actually his own first name, which the others did not know while he was telling the story. In "Improbable Cause", Garak's former mentor Enabran Tain plainly accuses him of betraying Cardassia, but no details are given.

Garak's character is elaborated upon when his childhood abuse is revealed. Garak, whose father, Enabran Tain, was the head of the Obsidian Order, is seen to have an acute form of claustrophobia as an adult. His claustrophobia is strongly suggested to have resulted from his father locking him in a closet as punishment for him not doing his chores, often for hours at a time, possibly exacerbated by an incident as an adult where he may have been trapped in a collapsing building. In "Afterimage", Garak only overcomes an acute attack of this condition with the help of Ezri Dax who was newly posted to DS9 as the station's psychologist when she helps him understand and accept his feelings of guilt over his role in the current war, including decoding Cardassian messages for the Federation.

To gain his father's approval, Garak followed in his footsteps and joined the Obsidian Order; at one point, he was stationed on Romulus working as a gardener in the Cardassian embassy as his cover (and was likely involved in the deaths of several Romulan officials), until the Cardassians stationed him on occupied Bajor. In his role as an agent of the Obsidian Order, it is suggested that Garak was one of the most skilled operatives within the organization, with a particular talent for interrogation—both physical and psychological. Garak has shown ability in hand-to-hand combat, computer programming and repair, piloting and code breaking. These talents came to the forefront on many occasions and Captain Sisko made use of them by recruiting Garak to work with Federation personnel, especially during the Dominion War. In "A Time to Stand", Garak worked with a Starfleet detachment commanded by Captain Sisko during a mission to destroy a vital Jem'Hadar supply depot.

In the third season of Deep Space Nine, during the Romulan–Cardassian attempt to destroy the Founders' home world, Garak is given the opportunity to return home by proving himself to Tain as a trustworthy operative of the Obsidian Order. Garak is assigned to interrogate and torture Deep Space Nine'''s chief of security, Odo, whose people had founded the Dominion. Although reluctant, Garak agrees, to demonstrate his loyalty to Tain and to prevent anyone else from taking the assignment. During the interrogation, Garak is surprised to discover that he no longer has the stomach for cold-blooded torture and horrified with how far he takes it before Odo reveals his secret (which is ultimately irrelevant to their mission anyway). Garak returns to Deep Space Nine with Odo after apologizing to him and the two form a unique bond after realizing that they were more alike than they had originally thought, both longing to return home to their people but forced into exile. Later, during "In Purgatory's Shadow", when Garak goes with Worf to the Gamma Quadrant to try to find surviving members of the failed attack on the Founders, a dying Tain admits before witnesses that he is Garak's father, including the depth of his feelings ("I should have killed your mother before you were born. You have always been a weakness I can't afford."), finally telling Garak that he is proud of him as his son.

In the final two seasons, Garak shifted his loyalties completely towards the Federation, primarily because his old political rival, Gul Dukat, seized control of Cardassia and aligned it with the Dominion. Garak uses his knowledge to assist the Federation in its war against the Dominion and Cardassia. With Sisko, Garak tricked the Romulans into entering the Dominion War on the Federation side by forging evidence of a high level Dominion meeting to plan the invasion of Romulus and then planting a bomb on the shuttle of a Romulan senator, when he concludes that the evidence was forged. Garak developed serious psychological trauma knowing that he had contributed to the deaths of his fellow Cardassians, a condition that Ezri Dax in her first case as Counsellor was able to treat to a manageable degree. Towards the end of the war Garak served as a Federation liaison to Legate Damar and his Cardassian rebellion against the Dominion, along with the Bajoran Kira Nerys. In retaliation for the rebellion, the Dominion killed 800 million Cardassians. As a result of the war, and the liberation of Cardassia from Dominion control, Garak's exile ends.

Post-TV series novels
In the novel A Stitch in Time (2000) (), written by Andrew Robinson, Garak's life is further explored. The novel focuses on a letter from Garak to Bashir and shows that Garak has become involved in the political and social rebuilding of Cardassia. In the short story The Calling within the book Prophecy and Change (), his story continues.

In the Deep Space Nine novel The Never-Ending Sacrifice (2009), Garak is shown to have become Cardassian Ambassador to the United Federation of Planets. In the novel Mere Mortals, part of the Star Trek: Destiny trilogy, Garak is summoned to an emergency meeting by Federation President Nanietta Bacco. Bacco had called the unprecedented meeting because the Borg had launched an invasion of local space with the intention to completely wipe out all sentient threats. After some territorial concessions, Garak agreed to attempt to convince the Castellan (head of state) of the Cardassian Union to contribute ships to a massive allied response to the Borg.

In the novel The Crimson Shadow (2013), part of the Star Trek: The Fall miniseries, the Enterprise-E transports Ambassador Garak back home to Cardassia in order to oversee Starfleet's final withdrawal from Cardassian space. However, the expected mere formality in Federation-Cardassian relations attracted the attention of Cardassian terrorists who were involved in the assassination of Federation President Bacco. At the end of the novel, Garak decides to run for the office of Castellan, and goes on to win.

Personality
Outwardly, Garak is gregarious and polite, traits that he uses to obscure people's knowledge, or suspicion, of his work as a spy. Despite his image of an optimistic and well-mannered being, he is widely known to be deceitful, even to those whom he considers to be "friends"; e.g., Doctor Julian Bashir. Garak is secretive, often creating elaborate stories about himself to avoid scrutiny about his exile. As his father Tain once said of him, one of Garak's basic philosophies is "Never tell the truth when a lie will do." He once explained his belief that "the truth is usually just an excuse for a lack of imagination." At one point, Doctor Bashir told him the story of "The Boy Who Cried Wolf" and upon hearing the moral ("no one believes a liar when he is telling the truth"), Garak insisted that the true moral was, "you should never tell the same lie twice".

In the episode  "Favor the Bold", Bashir accuses him of being a pessimist and he defends himself by asserting: "I always hope for the best. Experience, unfortunately, has taught me to expect the worst." On several occasions, when an otherwise trusting or idealistic character expresses a lack of trust in him, he reacts positively, remarking "there may be hope for you yet".Rocks and Shoals. Season 6 episode 2

Garak on numerous occasions is seen to have internal conflicts between his morals and his obligations to the Cardassian central command. Despite substantial evidence to suggest that he was an operative of the Obsidian Order, Garak on several occasions denies having ever been involved with the group, claiming he is just "plain, simple Garak, a tailor on the Promenade" and that his difficulties with the Cardassian government stem from tax evasion.  He repeats this story frequently, even to people that he knows are aware of (some of) the truth about his past, and even those who are unaware of Garak's past find the assertion to be dubious, at best.

Mirror universe
In the mirror universe Garak is a vicious and sadistic Gul in the Cardassian military. He was Intendant Kira's second-in-command and resented her authority. Worf's mirror universe counterpart personally blamed Garak for losing the Terok Nor station to a Terran (human) slave rebellion, although Garak blamed Kira and attempted to manipulate Worf into trying to get revenge on her.

Robinson reportedly disliked portraying this version of Garak, as he lacked any of his counterpart's depth or complexity, instead serving as a mere treacherous minion. This quality was noted in his last appearance when Quark, Rom and Zek travelled to the Mirror Universe, Quark and Rom criticizing Mirror-Garak's plans to simply kill them by talking about the elaborate lengths that their Garak would go to, resulting in Mirror-Garak being killed by the Mirror version of Ezri Tigan while he was distracted.

Appearances
Garak appeared in the following Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episodes:

 "Past Prologue"
 "Cardassians"
 "Profit and Loss"
 "The Wire"
 "Crossover"
 "The Search: Part 2"
 "Second Skin"
 "Civil Defense"
 "Distant Voices"
 "Through the Looking Glass"
 "Improbable Cause"
 "The Die Is Cast"
 "The Way of the Warrior"
 "Our Man Bashir"
 "Shattered Mirror"
 "For the Cause"
 "Body Parts"
 "Broken Link"
 "Things Past"

 "In Purgatory's Shadow"
 "By Inferno's Light"
 "Empok Nor"
 "Call to Arms"
 "A Time to Stand"
 "Rocks and Shoals"
 "Favor the Bold"
 "Sacrifice of Angels"
 "In the Pale Moonlight"
 "Tears of the Prophets"
 "Afterimage"
 "The Emperor's New Cloak"
 "Inter Arma Enim Silent Leges"
 "When It Rains…"
 "Tacking Into the Wind"
 "Extreme Measures"
 "The Dogs of War"
 "What You Leave Behind"

Reception
In 2009, IGN ranked Garak as the 14th best character of Star Trek overall.

In 2017, Screen Rant ranked Garak the 14th best character of all Star Trek. They note that the character is beloved by fans, although seems to have a morally grey quality that feeds a level of mystery about the apparently exiled Cardassian. They note that the actor that played Garak wrote A Stitch In Time, and recommended for aficionados of this Star Trek: Deep Space Nine character.

In 2018, CBR ranked Garak the second best recurring character of all Star Trek.

In 2020, Screen Rant'' ranked Garak one of the top five most likeable characters on the show.

References

External links

 A brief Elim Garak Biography  at StarTrek.com
 A list of ten "Great Garak Episodes"  at StarTrek.com

 Elim Garak at Memory Beta

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine characters
Cardassians
Fictional artisans
Fictional exiles
Fictional pansexuals
Fictional secret agents and spies in television
Fictional tailors
Fictional assassins
Fictional diplomats
Fictional murderers
Television characters introduced in 1993
LGBT Star Trek characters
Fictional LGBT characters in television
Fictional_characters_from_the_24th_century

Elim Garak


Crkva Bezgrješno začeće Blažene Djevice Marije, rimokatolička crkva u Zenici. Nalazi se u gradskom predjelu Crkvicama, u ulici Ivana Gundulića 24. U blizini je gradsko groblje Crkvice, županijska bolnica Zenica i Babina rijeka. Nedaleko od crkve je put prema Smetovima.

Izvori

Katoličke crkve u Zenici

Crkva Bezgrješnog začeća Blažene Djevice Marije, Zenica


Andrew "Andreas" Katsulas () a fost un actor american de film și de televiziune.

Viața și cariera
Născut în St. Louis, Missouri, într-o familie greco-americană din clasa muncitoare, Katsulas a obținut un master în teatru  la Universitatea Indiana. Din 1971 până în 1986, a mers în turneu cu compania internațională de teatru a lui Peter Brook, interpretând piese de teatru de improvizație și de pregătire. Între 1981 și 1982, a apărut  telenovela CBS Guiding Light ca Lucien Goff.

Katsulas a apărut în diverse filme, printre care The Sicilian, Next of Kin, Someone to Watch Over Me, Sunset, Hot Shots! Partea Deux și Executive Decision. A jucat rolul răufăcătorului Sykes în The Fugitive (Evadatul, 1993).

Katsulas a jucat un rol principal în serialul de televiziune Babylon 5 (1994–1998), ambasadorul Narn G'Kar. L-a interpretat pe comandantul romulan Tomalak în Star Trek: The Next Generation.

Fumător înrăit,  Katsulas a murit de cancer pulmonar la 13 februarie 2006, la vârsta de 59 de ani.  Soția sa, Gilla Nissan Katsulas, era în viață la decesul său și de cei doi copii ai săi dintr-o căsătorie anterioară, Michael și Katherine.

Filmografie

Filme

Televiziune

Jocuri video

Referințe

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1946
Decese în 2006
Decese cauzate de cancer pulmonar
Americani de origine greacă
Actori americani din secolul al XX-lea
Oameni din Saint Louis, Missouri
Actori americani din secolul al XXI-lea

Andreas Katsulas


Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, hrvatska politička stranka
Hrvatska demokratska zajednica Bosne i Hercegovine, politička stranka u Bosni i Hercegovini
Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik, časopis Razreda za filološke znanosti Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti

HDZ (razdvojba)


Hollingsted Sogn (på tysk Kirchspiel Hollingstedt) er et sogn i Sydslesvig, tidligere i Arns Herred og delvis i Krop Herred (Gottorp Amt), nu i kommunerne Børm, Dørpsted, Hollingsted og Ellingsted i Slesvig-Flensborg Kreds i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

I Hollingsted Sogn findes flg. stednavne:
 Boghoved (også Bokhøft, tysk Böckhoft)
 Bynge (Bünge)
 Børm (Börm)
 Børmkog (den største del)
 Dreizehn
 Dørpsted (Dörpstedt)
 Ellingsted (Ellingstedt)
 Frederiksfeld (Friedrichsfeld)
 Frederiksgrave (Friedrichsgraben)
 Hedekro (Heidkrug)
 Hollingsted (Hollingstedt)
 Morgenstjerne (Morgenstern)
 Ny Børm (Neuborm)
 Rømland

Litteratur
 M. Mørk Hansen: Kirkelig Statistik over Slesvig Stift: Med historiske og topografiske bemærkninger, bind 2, Kjøbenhavn 1864, side 445
 Jens Peter Trap: Statistisk-topographisk beskrivelse af hertugdømmet Slesvig, Kjøbenhavn 1864, side 540

Eksterne henvisninger
 Hollingsted Menighed / Kirchengemeinde Hollingstedt

Noter

Sogne i Sydslesvig

Hollingsted Sogn