Hold Your Fire is the twelfth studio album by Canadian rock band Rush, released on September 8, 1987. It was recorded at The Manor Studio in Oxfordshire, Ridge Farm Studio in Surrey, Air Studios in Montserrat and McClear Place in Toronto. Hold Your Fire was the last Rush studio album released outside Canada by PolyGram/Mercury. 'Til Tuesday bassist and vocalist Aimee Mann contributed vocals to "Time Stand Still" and appeared in the Zbigniew Rybczyński-directed video.

The album was not as commercially successful as most of the band's releases of the 1980s, peaking at number 13 on the Billboard charts, the lowest chart peak for a Rush album since 1978's Hemispheres. However, it was eventually certified Gold by the RCAA.

Writing
After Rush's 1986 Power Windows tour ended, the band members took the summer off to spend more time with their families. A few months passed, and the group decided to start getting back into writing material. Neil Peart began writing lyrics in a cottage in early September. Meanwhile, Geddy Lee started to compose on his keyboard setup controlled on a Macintosh computer using software called Digital Performer, which would be useful for both the writing and production stages, and Alex Lifeson was doing experimental tapes at home. Peart also used the Mac to write some lyrics for the album. Peart wanted to do something in the same vein as Power Windows, this time working around the theme of time. However, after writing lyrics for the first song he wrote, "Time Stand Still", Peart started to create more material that would turn the theme into "Instinct," which was the reason for titling the album Hold Your Fire. In an afternoon later that month, Peart and Lee together showed what they had been working on, and also discussed a few lyrical ideas they weren't able to write on paper, which would be included in "Mission," "Open Secrets" and "Turn the Page."

The group started writing sessions in Elora Sound Studio, Ontario on September 27, 1986. Lifeson showed his experimental tapes, while Lee brought soundcheck jams he had done that year. According to Peart, Lifeson's tapes "would yield some good parts for several songs" and Lee's soundcheck jams were "sorted and labeled as potential verses, bridges, choruses or instrumental bits, and thus they served as a reference library of spontaneous ideas that could be drawn upon at will." Lifeson used a drum machine to write drum parts, which Lee tracked on a Lerxst Sound recorder. By early November, eight songs had been written, which the group felt wasn't enough for the album to have a good amount of musical variety. Peart said, "We decided we'd go a bit further this time. We were aware of the fact that only a small percentage of people actually buy records anymore, the vast majority choosing cassettes or CDs. Thus, we figured, why should we worry about the time limitations of the old vinyl disc? We thought we'd like to have 10 songs, and go for 50 minutes or so of music. So we did." Producer Peter Collins came in to Elora Sound in early December to give the band suggestions to improve the songs. Among many small changes, a couple of major suggestions were new verses to "Mission" and chorus revisions to "Open Secrets." With nine songs already written, Collins also suggested the band make a 10th track for the album, and the song "Force Ten" would be written on the last day of pre-production, December 14.

Production
Recording of Hold Your Fire began January 5, 1987, at The Manor Studio in England. This was where the drums, bass, basic keyboards, lead guitars and lead vocals were recorded. The keyboards, guitars and vocals were recorded digitally, while the drums and bass, as preferred by Peart, were taped using an analog tape recorder, later converted into a digital tape. On February 7, the band went to Ridge Farm Studio for Andy Richards to perform additional dynamic keyboards and exciting "events," as well as put all recorded instrument tracks into a digital machine. Lifeson was also able to write guitar overdubs while recording at Ridge Farm.

The band headed off to AIR Montserrat on March 1 to start producing guitar overdubs, and later to McClear Place Studios in Toronto three weeks later to finish the overdubs, record orchestral arrangements by Steve Margoshes for "High Water," "Mission" and "Second Nature," and track additional voice parts, such as Aimee Mann's vocals for "Time Stand Still" and "Prime Mover," and gospel choir. Recording was finished by April 24, and mixing took place starting May 7 at William Tell Studio in Paris. Lee mastered the album with Bob Ludwig at Masterdisk in New York City by mid-July.

Lee played a Wal bass guitar for Hold Your Fire, as well as being vocalist and keyboardist. The synths and other electronic instruments and devices used, all programmed with the assistance of Andy Richards and Jim Burgess, were several Akai S900 samplers, two Prophet synths, a PPG 2.3, a Roland Super Jupiter and a D-550, two Yamaha KX-76 MIDI controllers, two QX-I sequencers and a DX-7, two MIDI Mappers, Korg MIDI pedals, and Moog Taurus Pedals. Peart played on a combination of Ludwig-Musser drum set, a plated-hardware of Pearl Drums, Premier drums and Tama drums, Avedis Zildjian cymbals, and a Simmons pad through one of the Akai samplers, which made sounds of temple blocks, a timbale, crotales, a Tama, a gong bass drum, cowbells, wind chimes, and marimbas.

The song "Tai Shan" was an experiment in composition. It was influenced by classical Chinese music, and its title was a reference to Mount Tai in China's Shandong province, which Peart first became aware of during a bicycle trip in China. A backward sample of Aimee Mann's vocals from another track is used at the end of the song. In a 2009 interview with Blender, Lee expressed regret in including "Tai Shan" on the album, calling it an "error" and saying "we should have known better." Lifeson called the song "a little corny" in a 2012 interview with Total Guitar. In an interview in 2016 about the worst songs Rush had released, Lifeson said "'Tai Shan' is one of the worst, easily. And 'Panacea' - it was an attempt at something that didn't really work out. It was... innocent."

Reception

Reception to Hold Your Fire has been mixed to positive. While the album has been criticised for its 1980s pop music sound and overused synths, some, including the band members felt it was better than their previous studio projects with praises of the album's production, composition, and lyrics.

Hold Your Fire was initially deemed a commercial disappointment in comparison to other Rush albums. It stalled at number 13 in the Billboard 200 album chart, the first time a Rush studio album failed to reach the Top 10 since 1978's Hemispheres. Although Hold Your Fire was certified gold in the United States shortly after its release, it failed to reach platinum status according to the RIAA, becoming the first Rush studio album to not do so since 1975's Caress of Steel.

Despite its poor commercial showing, it retains a cult following. Luke Henson of The PROG Mind touted its "lush, warm production", "profound lyrics dealing with age, the natural world, optimism, cynicism, and enjoying life", and "fabulous bass work". Rob Pociluk of Progressive Music Planet said that "Lyrically, I think this album is some of Neil's best work." Both critics ranked it as their favorite Rush album.

Reissues
A remaster was issued in 1997.
The tray has a picture of three fingerprints, light blue, pink, and lime green (left to right) with "The Rush Remasters" printed in all capital letters just to the left, mirroring the cover art of Retrospective II. All remasters from Moving Pictures through A Show of Hands are like this.
 Includes all the artwork that came with the original album, except for the lyrics to "Prime Mover".

Hold Your Fire was remastered again in 2011 by Andy VanDette for the "Sector" box sets, which re-released all of Rush's Mercury-era albums. It is included in the Sector 3 set. For the 2011 remaster, master tapes containing different mixes of Hold Your Fire were inadvertently used, with the result that the mix is noticeably different from previous releases in several places; particularly during "Mission", where string parts that were not present on the original release can be heard, and in the introduction to "Tai Shan", where wind chimes have been added. There is also a panning stereo effect on the vocals during the first pre-chorus of "Turn the Page" which is absent from the original mix.

In 2015 it was reissued after being remastered by Sean Magee at Abbey Road Studios following a direct approach by Rush to remaster their entire back catalogue.

Track listing

Personnel
Sources:

Rush
Geddy Lee – bass guitar, synthesizer, vocals
Alex Lifeson – electric and acoustic guitar
Neil Peart – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
Aimee Mann – co-lead vocals on "Time Stand Still", backing vocals on "Tai Shan", "Open Secrets" and "Prime Mover"
Andy Richards – additional keyboard, synthesizer programming
Steven Margoshes – strings arranger and conductor
The William Faery Engineering Brass Band arranged and conducted by Andrew Jackman

Production
Peter Collins – producer, arrangements
James "Jimbo" Barton – engineer
Bob Ludwig – mastering
Hugh Syme – art direction
Glen Wexler – photography

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Singles and chart positions

Certifications

References

Further reading

External links

Rush (band) albums
1987 albums
Anthem Records albums
Mercury Records albums
Vertigo Records albums
Albums produced by Peter Collins (record producer)
Albums recorded at AIR Studios

Hold Your Fire


John Hosea Kerr (; December 31, 1873 – June 21, 1958) was an American jurist and politician who served 15 terms in the  U.S. House of Representatives from 1923 to 1953.

Early life and education
Kerr was born in Yanceyville, Caswell County, North Carolina but lived most of his life in Warrenton, North Carolina. Kerr received his bachelor's degree from Wake Forest University and his law degree from Wake Forest University School of Law.

Career
In 1895, Kerr started his law practice in Warrenton, North Carolina. He served as town attorney and then as mayor of Warrenton in 1897 and 1898.

In 1905, Kerr served as solicitor and then from 1916 to 1923, Kerr served as superior court judge.

Congress
Kerr was originally elected to the United States House of Representatives in a special election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Claude Kitchin in 1923. He lost a bid for re-election in the 1952 Democratic Party primary to Lawrence H. Fountain.

Death
Kerr died on June 21, 1958 in Warrenton, North Carolina.

Legacy
Constructed between 1947 and 1953, Kerr Lake, Kerr Lake State Recreation Area, and John H. Kerr Dam is named after him deriving from his instrumental efforts towards the project.

Kerr's son, John H. Kerr, Jr., and grandson, John H. Kerr, III, both served in the North Carolina General Assembly. His great uncle John Kerr also served in the United States House of Representatives.

References

External links
 Congressional Biography
 North Carolina Historical Marker
News & Observer: John Kerr dynasty has ended
Settle-Kerr family of North Carolina

1873 births
1958 deaths
North Carolina state court judges
Mayors of places in North Carolina
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
People from Yanceyville, North Carolina
People from Warrenton, North Carolina
Wake Forest University alumni
Wake Forest University School of Law alumni

John H. Kerr


List of winners and nominees of the César Award for Best Supporting Actor ().

Winners and nominees

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Multiple wins and nominations

The following individuals received two or more Best Supporting Actor awards:

The following individuals received three or more Best Supporting Actor nominations:

Age superlatives

See also
 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor

References

External links
 Official website
 César Award for Best Supporting Actor at AlloCiné

Actor in supporting role
Film awards for supporting actor

César Award for Best Supporting Actor


The Lazarus Project steht für:

 The Lazarus Project, Originaltitel von Das Lazarus-Projekt, US-amerikanischer Psychothriller von John Patrick Glenn (2008)
 The Lazarus Project (Fernsehserie), britische Fernsehserie (2022)

The Lazarus Project


Scaled and Icy šesti je studijski album američkog glazbenog dua Twenty One Pilots. Album je objavljen 21. svibnja 2021. godine, a objavile su ga diskografske kuće Fueled by Ramen i Elektra.

Naziv albuma anagram je rečenice "Clancy is dead", što je referenca na protagonista prijašnjeg albuma sastava, Trench.

Pozadina i produkcija

Dana 4. ožujka 2019. godine, pet mjeseci nakon objave albuma Trench, duo je potvrdio da rade na novom albumu. O mogućoj temi, frontmen Tyler Joseph rekao je, "postoji lik o kojem se još nije govorilo ni u jednom albumu, koji igra veliku ulogu u naraciji o kojem će očito trebati pripovijedati". Dana 9. travnja 2019. godine, duo je objavio pjesmu "Level of Concern", koja je prva pjesma nakon objave albuma Trench. Pjesma ohrabruje slušatelja da ne gubi nadu tijekom teških vremena, što se posebno odnosi na pandemiju COVID-19. U svibnju 2020. godine, Joseph je rekao kako nije siguran hoće li nastaviti priču Trencha ili krenuti na nešto sasvim novo, objasnivši: "Pomalo mi je teško opet opustiti se u priču s Trencha i na čemu smo radili do tog trenutka, a da nismo bili tamo, bez turneja, bez nastupa uživo, bez interakcije s našim obožavateljima."

Scaled and Icy je i napisao i većinski producirao sam Joseph u njegovom kućnom studiju tijekom COVID-19 pandemije, dok je bubnjar Josh Dun radio na zvuku bubnjeva. Dun u studenom 2020. godine rekao kako još uvijek rade na albumu, dok su i Joseph i on na drugim lokacijama. O procesu snimanja, rekao je, "obojica radimo u svojim studijima, što je dobro, pa on osmisli dosta toga kod sebe, pošalje mi to, i onda ja osmislim nešto kod sebe, pa pošaljem njemu nazad".

Objava i promocija
Duo je počeo promovirati album u siječnju 2021. godine, ažuriranjem naslovne fotografije na društvenim mrežama, koja prikazuje dvojac u novom ruhu, iza prazne bine. Sljedeći mjesec Joseph je objavio fotografiju na svoju Instagram priču, koja prikazuje njega s psi simbolom poviše njegova desna oka. Dana 2. travnja 2021. godine, odbrojavanje je započelo na stranici dmaorg.info— stranici na kojoj sastav dijeli priče i datoteke koje se ubrzo brišu. Kada je odbrojavanje isteklo nakon tri dana, tri postera pojavila su se na stranici, koji su otkrili ime albuma, Scaled and Icy i "iskustvo uživo preko video-prijenosa" zakazano 21. svibnja 2021. godine. Prvi singl albuma naziva "Shy Away" premijerno je objavljen na BBC Radiju 1, dana 7. travnja. Glazbeni video ubrzo je objavljen. Drugi singl, "Choker", premijerno je prikazan samo za obožavatelje s pretplatom, na stranici sastava. Kasnije je objavljen svima 30. travnja.

Popis pjesama
Sve pjesme napisao je Tyler Joseph.

Osoblje
Zasluge prepisane s albuma Scaled and Icy.

Twenty One Pilots
 Tyler Joseph – vokali, glasovir,  bas-gitara, sintisajzer, gitara, orgulje, ukulele, programiranje, produciranje, tekstopisac
 Josh Dun – bubnjevi, udaraljke, inženjer zvuka bubnjeva

Ostalo osoblje
 Mike Elizondo – produciranje (pjesama 1 i 7)
 Greg Kurstin – produciranje (pjesme 5)
 Paul Meany – dodatno produciranje (pjesme 5), produciranje (pjesme 11)
 Adam Hawkins – miksanje
 Chris Gehringer – mastering
 Matt Pauling – inženjer zvuka bubnjeva (na pjesmama 2 and 6)
 Jay Joseph – gostujući vokali (na pjesmama 6, 9, 10)
 Kyle Schmidt – gostujući vokali (na pjesmama 6, 9, 10)

Izvori

Albumi iz 2021.
Američki glazbeni albumi

Scaled and Icy


Anna Sten (rođena kao Anna Petrívna Fesak; Kijev, 29. lipnja 1908. - New York, 12. studenog 1993.) bila je ukrajinsko-američka glumica kasnog nijemog filma i rane ere zvučnog filma.

Anna Sten rođena je u Kijevu 1908., tada u Ruskom Carstvu. Njen otac bio je Kozak, kazališni umjetnik i producent, a majka švedska glumica. Pohađala je satove baleta i u početku je radila kao konobarica prije nego što je započela glumačku obuku na Institutu Stanislavsky u Moskvi po sustavu Stanislavskog.

Na filmu je debitirala 1926. godine u filmu, koji je režirao Fjodor Ozep. Između ostalog, pojavila se u zanimljivom kolažnom filmu iz 1927. godine "The Kiss Mary Pickford". Nakon nekoliko uloga u filmovima Borisa Barneta, Jakova Protasanova i Jevgenija Červjakova, 1930. odlazi u Njemačku, gdje snima dvije godine. Međunarodnu pozornost privukla je Ozepovim filmom "Ubojica Dimitri Karamazoff" prema romanu "Braća Karamazovi" Fjodora Dostojevskog. Holivudski producent Samuel Goldwyn tada joj je dao ugovor i doveo je u Ameriku 1932. godine.

Anna Sten bila je određena kao konkurentica Greti Garbo i Marlene Dietrich. Glumila je u visoko budžetnim filmovima i s poznatim glumačkim zvijezdama. Dorothy Arzner ju je vodila kroz njezin prvijenac u ulozi Nane prema istoimenom romanu Émilea Zole, Rouben Mamoulian je adaptirao filmsku verziju "Uskrsnuća" Lava Tolstoja pod nazivom "We Live Again" s Fredricom Marchom kao partnerom. Glumila je među ostalim "Ljubicu Mihailović" u američkom propagandnom filmu "Četnici: Borbena gerila" 1943. i u američkom filmu "Tri Ruskinje" 1943., u kojem je SSSR prikazan u pozitivnom svjetlu.

No, Anna Sten publiku je ostavila ravnodušna i ona je ubrzo izgubila na popularnosti i postala podsmijeh grada i dobila nadimak Goldwyn's Folly. Čak ju je ismijao Cole Porter u svojoj poznatoj pjesmi "Anything Goes".

Producent je ubrzo nakon toga otkazao ugovor, a Anna Sten je snimila još nekoliko B filmova. Otišla je u Englesku, gdje je glumila u filmovima do 1962. godine. Bila je aktivna u kazalištu i povremeno se pojavljivala na televiziji. Do smrti 1993. godine, živjela je sa suprugom Eugeneom Frenkeom u New Yorku.

Galerija

Izvori

Ukrajinski filmski glumci
Američki filmski glumci

Anna Sten


Charles Hingray (1796-1870), homme politique français, député des Vosges.
 Jean Hingray (né en 1986), homme politique français, maire de Remiremont, puis sénateur des Vosges.

Hingray


Danmarks næste klassiker var en dansk tv-konkurrence der skulle finde Danmarks næste møbelklassiker. Series seks afsnit blev vist på DR1 i foråret 2019 og var produceret af Monday Media. Kunstakademiets Designskole var location for afsnittenes indledning og afslutning. Designer Rikke Frost vandt konkurrencen med et børnemøbel.

Efter programmet blev de fem deltageres møbler udstillet ved en særudstilling på Designmuseum Danmark.

Medvirkende
Designere
 Janus Larsen
 Isabel Ahm
 Rasmus Bækkel Fex
 Kasper Thorup
 Rikke Frost

Dommere
 Anne-Louise Sommer
 Kasper Salto

Vært
 Mette Bluhme Rieck

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Danmarks næste klassiker hos DR
 Særudstilling: Danmarks næste klassiker

DR-serier
Etableret i 2019
Møbeldesign

Danmarks næste klassiker


Gustaf Schlegel Berghman (født 24. december 1836 i Stockholm, død 25. juli 1910 sammesteds) var en svensk læge.

Berghman blev student i Uppsala 1853, cand.med. 1864 og lic.med. ved Karolinska institutet i Stockholm 1867. Han var praktiserende læge i Stockholm 1867—1882. Berghman havde studeret massage for Johann Georg Mezger i Amsterdam.

Kilder

Læger fra Sverige
Svenskere i 1800-tallet
Svenskere i 1900-tallet
Personer fra Stockholm

Gustaf Berghman


تصفيات كأس أوروبا للشباب لكرة القدم 2011 - المجموعة الخامسة التي تضم 5 منتحبات. وهم يتنافسون لحجز مقعد لنهائيات كأس أوروبا للشباب تحت 21 سنة 2011.

المجموعة

تصفيات بطولة أوروبا تحت-21 لكرة القدم 2011
كرة القدم الألمانية في 2009–10
كرة القدم الألمانية في 2010-11
كرة القدم الأيرلندية الشمالية في 2009-10
كرة القدم الأيرلندية الشمالية في 2010-11


جيمس فرانك  (مواليد 26 أغسطس، 1882 - 21 مايو، 1964) هو عالم فيزياء ألماني فاز عام 1925 بجائزة نوبل للفيزياء بالمشاركة مع غوستاف هرتس «لاكتشافهما القوانين التي تحكم تأثير الإلكترون على الذرة». حصل على درجة الدكتوراه في عام 1906 وشهادة التأهل للأستاذية في عام 1911 في جامعة فريدرش فيلهيلم في برلين، حيث حاضر ودرّس حتى عام 1918، بعد أن وصل إلى منصب أستاذ استثنائي. تطوع في الجيش الألماني خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى. أصيب بجروح خطيرة في عام 1917 بعد هجوم بالغاز وحصل على الصليب الحديدي من الدرجة الأولى.

أصبح فرانك رئيسًا لقسم الفيزياء في جمعية القيصر فيلهلم للكيمياء الفيزيائية. في عام 1920، أصبح فرانك أستاذًا عاديًا للفيزياء التجريبية ومديرًا للمعهد الثاني للفيزياء التجريبية في جامعة غوتينغن. في أثناء وجوده هناك، عمل في مجال فيزياء الكم مع ماكس بورن، الذي كان مدير معهد الفيزياء النظرية. تضمن عمله تجربة فرانك-هرتز، وهي تأكيد هام لنموذج بور للذرة. روج لمهن النساء في الفيزياء، ولا سيما ليز مايتنر وهرتا سبونر وهيلدا ليفي.

بعد وصول الحزب النازي إلى السلطة في ألمانيا عام 1933، استقال فرانك من منصبه احتجاجًا على إقالة زملائه الأكاديميين. ساعد فريدريك ليندمان في إعانة العلماء اليهود المُقالين في العثور على عمل في الخارج، قبل أن يغادر ألمانيا في نوفمبر عام 1933. بعد عام في معهد نيلز بور في الدنمارك، انتقل إلى الولايات المتحدة، حيث عمل في جامعة جونز هوبكينز في بالتيمور ثم جامعة شيكاغو. أصبح مهتمًا بالتركيب الضوئي خلال هذه الفترة.

شارك فرانك في مشروع مانهاتن خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية شاغلًا منصب مدير قسم الكيمياء في المختبر الميتالورجي. شغل أيضًا منصب رئيس لجنة المشكلات السياسية والاجتماعية حول القنبلة الذرية، والتي اشتهرت بتحرير تقرير فرانك، الذي نص على عدم استخدام القنابل الذرية على المدن اليابانية دون سابق إنذار.

الحياة المبكرة
ولد جيمس فرانك في هامبورغ، ألمانيا، في 26 أغسطس عام 1882، لعائلة يهودية، وهو الطفل الثاني والابن الأول للمصرفي، جايكوب فرانك، وزوجته ريبيكا (اسمها عند الولادة ناخوم دراكر). كان لديه أخت كبرى تدعى بولا، وأخ أصغر يدعى روبرت برنارد. كان والده رجلًا تقيًا ومتدينًا، بينما كانت والدته من عائلة حاخامات. التحق فرانك بالمدرسة الابتدائية في هامبورغ. ابتداءً من عام 1891، التحق في مدرسة فيلهلم الثانوية، والتي كانت آنذاك مدرسة للبنين فقط.

لم تكن هامبورغ جامعة في ذلك الوقت، لذلك كان على الطلاب المحتملين الالتحاق بإحدى الجامعات الـ22 في أماكن أخرى في ألمانيا. بهدف دراسة القانون والاقتصاد، التحق فرانك بجامعة هايدلبرغ عام 1901، إذ كانت فيها كلية حقوق مشهورة. حضر محاضرات في القانون، لكنه كان مهتمًا أكثر بالعلوم. في أثناء وجوده هناك، التقى بماكس بورن، الذي أصبح صديقه مدى الحياة. بمساعدة بورن، تمكن من إقناع والديه بالسماح له بالانتقال إلى دراسة الفيزياء والكيمياء. حضر فرانك محاضرات الرياضيات التي ألقاها كل من ليو كونيجسبيرجر وجورج كانتور، لكن هايدلبرغ لم تكن رائدة في العلوم الفيزيائية، لذلك، قرر الذهاب إلى جامعة فريدرش فيلهيلم في برلين.

تجربة فرانك-هيرتز
في عام 1914، تعاون فرانك مع هرتز لإجراء تجربة بهدف دراسة الفلورية. ابتكرا صمامً مفرغًا لدراسة الإلكترونات النشطة التي تنتشر عبر بخار مكون من ذرات الزئبق. اكتشفا أنه عندما يصطدم إلكترون بذرة زئبق، يفقد كمية محددة فقط (4.9 إلكترون فولت) من طاقته الحركية قبل الانحدار عن مساره. لا يتباطأ الإلكترون الأسرع بشكل كامل بعد الاصطدام، لكنه يفقد نفس المقدار من طاقته الحركية. ترتد الإلكترونات الأبطأ عن ذرات الزئبق دون أن تفقد كمية كبيرة من سرعتها أو طاقتها الحركية.

قدمت هذه النتائج التجريبية تأكيدًا للظاهرة الكهروضوئية لألبرت أينشتاين وعلاقة بلانك (E = fh) التي تربط كل من الطاقة (E) والتردد (f) الناتج عن تكميم الطاقة مع ثابت بلانك (h). بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قدما أدلة تدعم نموذج الذرة الذي اقترحه نيلز بور في العام السابق. كانت الفكرة الرئيسية هي أن الإلكترون الموجود داخل الذرة يحتل أحد «مستويات الطاقة الكمومية» للذرة. قبل الاصطدام، يشغل الإلكترون الموجود داخل ذرة الزئبق أدنى مستوى طاقة متاح له. بعد الاصطدام، يشغل الإلكترون الداخلي مستوى طاقة أعلى مع زيادة تبلغ 4.9 إلكترون فولت. هذا يعني أن الإلكترون يضعف ارتباطه بذرة الزئبق. لم تكن هناك مستويات أو احتمالات وسيطة.

في ورقة ثانية نُشرت في مايو عام 1914، أبلغ فرانك وهرتز عن ظاهرة انبعاث الضوء من ذرات الزئبق التي امتصت الطاقة جراء الاصطدامات. أظهرا أن الطول الموجي لهذا الإشعاع فوق البنفسجي يتوافق تمامًا مع الطاقة البالغة 4.9 إلكترون فولت التي فقدها الإلكترون. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تنبأ بور بالعلاقة بين الطاقة والطول الموجي. أكمل فرانك وهرتز بحثهما الأخير معًا في ديسمبر عام 1918. في هذا البحث، عملا على تسوية التناقضات بين نتائجهما ونظرية بور، والتي أقرا بها لاحقًا. في محاضرة نوبل، اعترف فرانك بأنه «من غير المقبول تمامًا أننا فشلنا في إدراك الأهمية البالغة لنظرية بور، لدرجة أننا لم نذكرها ولا لمرة واحدة». في 10 ديسمبر عام 1926، حصل فرانك وهرتز على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء لعام 1925 «لاكتشافهما القوانين التي تحكم تأثير الإلكترون على الذرة».

اقرأ أيضا

 ماكس بورن
 كارل هيرزفيلد

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص مرتبطون بمشروع مانهاتن
أشخاص من هامبورغ
أعضاء أجانب في الجمعية الملكية
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة جونز هوبكينز
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة غوتنغن
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة شيكاغو
ألمان نالوا جائزة نوبل
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي ألماني
الأعضاء الأجانب في أكاديمية العلوم في الاتحاد السوفياتي
الحاصلون على الصليب الحديدي (1914) من الدرجة الأولى
حائزون على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء
خريجو جامعة هايدلبرغ
خريجو جامعة هومبولت في برلين
عسكريون ألمان في الحرب العالمية الأولى
علماء أمريكيون في القرن 20
علماء أمريكيون يهود
علماء الفيزياء التجريبية
علماء فيزياء الكم
علماء من هامبورغ
فائزون بميدالية ماكس بلانك
فيزيائيو القرن 20
فيزيائيون ألمان
فيزيائيون ألمان في القرن 20
فيزيائيون يهود
لاأدريون ألمان
لاأدريون أمريكيون
لاأدريون يهود
مطيافيون
مهاجرون ألمان إلى الولايات المتحدة
مواليد 1882
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة هومبولت في برلين
وفيات 1964
يهود ألمان
يهود ألمان هاجروا للولايات المتحدة هربا من النازية
يهود حازوا جائزة نوبل

جيمس فرانك


La maison (Loches, 5 rue Saint-Antoine)  est une ancienne demeure particulière dans la commune de Loches, dans le département français d'Indre-et-Loire.

La façade de cette maison du  est inscrite comme monument historique.

Localisation
La maison est située dans le périmètre protégé par l'enceinte médiévale de Loches, au pied du coteau de la forteresse.

Histoire
La campagne principale de construction de cette maison remonte au .

La façade principale de la maison donnant sur la rue Saint-Antoine est inscrite comme monument historique par arrêté du .

Description

La maison englobe, au fond d'une cour intérieure, une tour de l'enceinte médiévale de la ville et s'appuie sur le rempart. Elle s'ouvre sur cette cour par une série de loggias sur plusieurs étages ; une tour d'escalier à pans coupés dessert les étages.

Notes et références

Pour en savoir plus

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 .

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques de Loches

Liens externes

Monument historique inscrit en 1926
Patrimoine du XVIe siècle
Monument historique à Loches
Maison monument historique (France)

Maison (Loches, 5 rue Saint-Antoine)


Indispensable Strait er et farvand i Salomonøerne, som strækker sig omkring 200 km fra nordvest til sydvest fra Santa Isabel øen til Makira (San Cristóbal), mellem Floridaøerne og Guadalcanal mod sydvest og Malaita til nordøst.

Indispensable Strait er den del af sejlruten fra Torresstrædet til Panama Canal. Det er en af tre større ruter for handelsskibe gennem Salomonøerne. Ruterne er Bougainvillestrædet og Indispensable Strait, som har forbindelse til Stillehavet, Salomonhavet og Koralhavet; samt Manningstrædet som forbindelser Stillehavet med New Georgia Sound, som også er kendt som 'The Slot', gennem hvilket japanske flådeenheder forsynede garnisonen på Guadalcanal under Stillehavskrigen.

Kaptajn William Wilkinson, i handelsskibet Indispensable, opdagede strædet i 1794.{{#tag:ref|Findlay's Directory angiver opdagelsesåret som 1790, men den dato er forkert.<ref name=Neptune>The American Neptune (1958), 131.</ref>|group=Note}}

 Noter, henvisninger og kilder
 Noter

 Henvisninger
 Kilder
 Findlay, Alexander George (1877) A Directory for the Navigation of the South Pacific Ocean: With Descriptions of Its Coasts, Islands, Etc., from the Strait of Magalhaens to Panama, and Those of New Zealand, Australia, Etc., Its Winds, Currents, and Passages''. (R. H. Laurie).

Sund (farvand)
Oceanien

Indispensable Strait


Philip Rieff (15 de diciembre de 1922 - 1 de julio de 2006) fue un sociólogo y crítico cultural americano, que enseñó sociología en la Universidad de Pensilvania desde 1961 hasta 1992. Fue autor de varios libros sobre Sigmund Freud y su legado, incluyendo Freud: The Mind of the Moralist (1959) y The Triumph of the Therapeutic: Uses of Faith After Freud (1966). Estuvo casado durante ocho años en la década de 1950 con Susan Sontag, con la que escribió su primera obra. De este matrimonio nació su hijo, David Rieff, un escritor.

Obra
 Freud: The Mind of the Moralist. Viking Press, 1959.
 Collected Papers of Sigmund Freud (ed.). Collier Books, 1963.
 The Triumph of the Therapeutic. Harper & Row, 1966.
 Fellow Teachers. Harper & Row, 1973.
 The Feeling Intellect. University of Chicago Press, 1990.
 My Life Among the Deathworks . University of Virginia Press, 2006.
 Charisma. Pantheon, 2007.
 The Crisis of the Officer Class. University of Virginia Press, 2007.
 The Jew of Culture. University of Virginia Press, 2008.

Referencias

Bibliografía
Imber, Jonathan B. (ed.). Therapeutic Culture: Triumph and Defeat. Transaction, 2004.
Manning, Philip. Freud and American Sociology. Polity Press, 2005.
Zondervan, A. A. W. Sociology and the Sacred. An Introduction to Philip Rieff's Theory of Culture. University of Toronto Press, 2005.

Enlaces externos
Beer, Jeremy. Pieties of Silence, The American Conservative

Sociólogos de Estados Unidos
Rieff, Phillip
Alumnado de la Universidad de Chicago
Profesores de la Universidad de Harvard
Nacidos en Chicago

Philip Rieff


O Fusil-mitrailleur Modèle 1924 M29 (Fuzil-metralhador Modelo 1924 M29), ou MAC 1924/29, projetado em 1924 pela Manufacture d'Armes de Châtellerault, foi a metralhadora leve padrão do Exército Francês de 1925 até a década de 1960 e esteve em uso até 2000-2006 com a Gendarmaria Nacional. Arma robusta e confiável, equipou o exército francês durante grande parte do século XX e tinha fama de ser uma arma confiável e de qualidade.

Ela dispara o cartucho 7,5×54mm, que é equivalente em balística e poder de ataque ao posterior 7,62×51mm NATO (.308 Winchester) e ao 7,62×54mmR. Parcialmente derivado da ação da M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), a MAC 1924/29 resistiu, quase sem interrupções, por mais de 50 anos.

História
A metralhadora Chauchat, desenvolvida às pressas sob a pressão dos eventos da Primeira Guerra Mundial, deu lugar por volta de 1925 à nova "FM MAC 1924", que disparava o novo cartucho 7,5×57mm MAS (7.5x58mm). Depois de uma série de acidentes com armas alemãs capturadas reutilizadas durante o treinamento, com câmara para o 7,92x57, muito perto da nova munição, a FM MAC 1924 foi adaptada em 1929 para disparar a nova munição 7,5x54mm 1929C após algumas modificações (mudança de carregador e cano) para se tornar a MAC 1924/29. Este modelo seria chamado de FM 24/29 em serviço pela infantaria francesa. A FM24/29 foi gradualmente substituída no início dos anos 1960 pela AA-52.

Variantes

Modelo 1924/1929D
A FM 24/29D, com um cano mais longo e grosso, disparava uma variante de bala pesada (7,5mm 1933D) de sua munição original. Destinava-se às casamatas da Linha Maginot onde foi rapidamente substituída nesta função pela metralhadora Reibel. Após o armistício de junho de 1940, os ocupantes alemães reciclaram um bom número de exemplares na Muralha do Atlântico.

M1931

Um derivado da arma, a MAC Modèle 1931, com um cano mais pesado e um carregador lateral de 150 munições, foi produzido como uma metralhadora pesada para instalação em tanques e posições fortificadas, particularmente a Linha Maginot. Às vezes também é conhecida como JM Reibel, que na verdade significa Jumelage de mitrailleuses Reibel (metralhadoras Reibel de montagem dupla). A Reibel foi montada em jipes no estilo SAS durante a Guerra da Indochina.

Operadores
: Número limitado de armas capturadas em uso com rangers dos EUA durante a Operação Tocha

: 100 recebidas da França e usadas durante a Guerra de Inverno e a Guerra da Continuação.
: Adotada pela primeira vez pelo exército francês em 1924. Também prestou serviço na Gendarmaria Nacional.
: Pelo menos 200 estavam em serviço com o IDF, possivelmente mais antes da formação do IDF. Um manual de campo datado de 1942 foi escrito ou traduzido pelo Haganah. A arma foi referida como "מקלע צרפתי שטו" ou "metralhadora francesa château", uma corruptela de "Châtellerault", onde o FM 24/29 foi feito.
 Partisans italianos: Exemplos capturados pela Itália Fascista após a queda da França foram posteriormente capturados e usados por partisans.

: Recebidas pelo governo francês durante a Primeira Guerra da Indochina.

: Armas capturadas. A mle 1924/29 serviu como Leichtes MG 116(f). Os poucos modelos Mle 1924 sobreviventes receberam a designação Leichtes MG 115(f).

 (Viet Minh e Viet Cong): conhecidas como Vĩnh Cát, do francês vingt quatre (24).
 (Exército Nacional Vietnamita e Exército da República do Vietnã)

Ver também
ZB vz. 26
Breda 30
Bren
Charlton Automatic Rifle
Mendoza C-1934
Madsen
Type 96
Type 99
Degtyaryov
Lahti-Saloranta M/26

Metralhadoras leves
Metralhadoras da França
Armas de infantaria da França na Segunda Guerra Mundial
Metralhadoras da Segunda Guerra Mundial

MAC M1924/29


was a Japanese securities trading firm. The company announced it would cease operations on November 24, 1997 and was declared bankrupt by the Tokyo District Court on June 2, 1999.

History
Yamaichi, formed in 1897, was at one time one of the four major Japanese brokerages. Its clients were major Japanese corporations.

In the boom of the 1980s it was given specified sums of money by 10 of its clients to invest as it saw fit. A sharp downturn in the early 1990s and poor dealings by Yamaichi generated losses of more than 200 billion yen. Fearing the demise of the firm through loss of reputation that would result if the scale of losses became known, the brokerage shouldered the loss of its clients, and moved it off balance sheet.

Yamaichi sold in a private placement Touchwood Pacific Partners limited partnership to about 50 Japanese institutional or private investors in the amount of $191 million in 1990 for The Walt Disney Company film production.

Tobashi and collapse
In January 1992, Yamaichi executives resorted to such a tobashi scheme, setting up a separate company called Yamaichi Enterprise which opened an account at the Tokyo branch of Zürich, Switzerland-based Credit Suisse. Depositing ¥200 billion in Japanese government bonds, the Yamaichi subsidiary then used the dummy companies to generate profits for clients while eventually absorbing losses of ¥158.3 billion. A separate scheme using foreign currency bonds resulted in losses of ¥106.5 billion being hidden in Yamaichi's Australian subsidiary.

The magazine Weekly Toyo Keizai uncovered the fraud in April 1997. For its journalism the magazine was awarded the Editors' Choice Magazine Journalism Award.

Tsugio Yukihira, chairman of the brokerage at the time of its collapse, acknowledged in front of a Japanese Diet hearing that the activities were illegal. He said that only three people at the brokerage, namely himself former President Atsuo Miki and another individual, knew about the arrangements; he declined to name the 10 firms involved in the illegal trading. The company announced it would cease operations on November 24, 1997 and was declared bankrupt by the Tokyo District Court on June 2, 1999.

The company's last president, Shohei Nozawa made a tearful public apology on Japanese television. Japan's Minister of Finance announced that steps would be taken to ensure the event would not further destabilize the frail Japanese banking system and economy as a whole. On June 1, 2001, the company's last chairman, Tsugio Yukihira, settled a lawsuit filed in Tokyo District Court. Suitors alleged his window-dressing tobashi schemes and illegal dealings had undermined the brokerage and led to its demise.

References

External links
 Statement by the Governor of the Bank of Japan

Financial services companies based in Tokyo
Financial services companies established in 1897
Financial services companies disestablished in 1999
Japanese companies established in 1897
Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Japan
Japanese companies disestablished in 1999

Yamaichi Securities


Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200, est une décision prise par la Cour suprême des États-Unis d'Amérique le 2 mai 1927, statuant sur une législation de l'État de Virginie autorisant les stérilisations forcées pour certaines catégories de personnes, incluant les personnes souffrant d'importants retards intellectuels et de développements.

Par cette décision, la plus haute juridiction considère que cette législation n'est pas contraire à la clause de protection des droits affirmée par le 14° amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis.

Cette décision est aujourd'hui souvent considérée comme l'une des pires prises par la Cour Suprême des États-Unis.

L'affaire a ouvert la voie à des pratiques de stérilisation contrainte ciblant des catégories variées, comme les minorités victimes de précarité économique ; il en va ainsi par exemple de la stérilisation forcée des femmes autochtones aux États-Unis.

Bibliographie

 Cohen, Adam (2016), Imbeciles: The Supreme Court, American Eugenics, and the Sterilization of Carrie Buck, Penguin, .
 Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn. Encyclopedia of Women's History in America (Infobase Publishing, 2009)
Leuchtenburg, William E. (1995), "Mr. Justice Holmes and Three Generations of Imbeciles", The Supreme Court Reborn: The Constitutional Revolution in the Age of Roosevelt, New York: Oxford, , .
Lombardo, Paul (2008), Three Generations, No Imbeciles: Eugenics, the Supreme Court, and Buck v. Bell., Johns Hopkins University Press, ,
 Smith, J. David. The Sterilization of Carrie Buck (New Horizon Press, 1989)

Notes et références

Cour suprême des États-Unis
Stérilisation forcée
Eugénisme

Buck v. Bell


හිනෝන්මාදයෙන් පෙළෙන පුද්ගලයා අසංවිධිත චින්තනය, ශ්‍රවණ භ්‍රාන්තිය හා මායාවල් ප්‍රදර්ශනය කරයි. උග්‍ර අවස්ථාවල බොහෝ කොටම ගොළුව සිටින අතර අශෝභන අවස්ථාවලදී නොසෙල්වී සිටින අතර නිරර්ථක කැටටෝනියාවක් ප්‍රදර්ශනය කරයි. වර්තමානයේ මනෝ විකාර වර්ගීකරණයට අනුව මෙවැනි රෝගියෙක් තුළ අඩුම වශයෙන් 6 මාසයකවත් බාධාකාරී ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වයක් තුළ යටත් පිරිසෙන් මාසයක්වත් මනෝ විකාර ලක්ෂණ තිබිය යුතුයි. කෙටි කාලීන හිනෝන්මාදය හැඳින්වෙන්නේ හිනෝන්මාද ක්‍රමයේ ආබාධයක් ලෙසිනි. එක් ලක්ෂණයකින් පමණක් හිනොන්මාදය හඳුනාගත නොහැකි වන අතර ඒ සියල්ලම අනෙක් මනෝ චිකිත්සක තත්වයන් යටතේ ද ඇති විය හැකිය.

සාමාන්‍යයෙන් සමාජ හුදෙකලා වීම සාධක කීපයක් නිසා ඇති විය හැකිය. සමාජය විසින් ඔහු හඳුනා ගනු ලැබීම දුර්වල වූ විට එය හිනෝන්මාදය හා සම්බන්ධ වෙයි. එය මායාව නිසා ඇතිවෙන පීඩන උන්මාදයේ හා භ්‍රාන්තිකයේ ක්‍රියාකාරී ලක්ෂණයි. එසේම උදාසීනත්වයේ හා අපකර්ෂණයේ නිෂේධ ලක්ෂණයි.

නව යෞවන සමයේ පසු යුගය හා වැඩිහිටි සමයේ පෙර යුගය හිනෝන්මාදයේ උච්ච අවස්ථාවයි. මේවා තරුණ වැඩිහිටියකුගේ සාමාජික හා වෘත්තීය සංවර්ධනයේ තීරණාත්මක වකවානු වෙයි. මෙකල ඒ අය අසනීප වැළඳීමෙන් දැඩි ලෙස ව්‍යාකූල විය හැකිය. හිනෝන්මාදයේ පීඩාව අඩු කිරීමට ආබාධයේ මුල් පියවර හඳුනා ගැනීමට හා ප්‍රතිකාර කිරීමට දැනට බොහෝ දේ සිදු කර තිබේ. රෝග ලක්ෂණ පහළ වීමට මාස 30කට පෙර දී මෙය හඳුනාගත හැකිය. එහෙත් ආබාධය දිගු කලක් පැවතිය හැකිය. හිනෝන්මාදය වැළදෙන්නට යන අයට ඊට පෙර අවධියේදී සමාජයෙන් ඈත්වීම, කෝප වීම, හා කාංසිය ඇති වීමට ඉඩ තිබේ. මනෝ විකාර ඇති වෙන්නට පෙර තමාටම සීමා වූ මනෝ විකාර මෙබඳු අයට ඇතිවේ.

සටහන්

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|Schizophrenia Signs_and_symptoms

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භිනෝන්මාදයේ ලකුණු හා රෝග ලක්ෂණ


Za drugu svetu Teodoru, pogledajte Teodora Petraliphaina.

Sveta Teodora (grčki: Θεοδώρα [θjo'ðora]) bila je bizantska carica kao supruga bizantskoga cara Teofila (Θεόφιλος). Njihov je sin bio bizantski car Mihael III. Pijanica.

Životopis
Teodora je rođena oko 815. god. u Paflagoniji te je bila armenskog podrijetla. Otac joj je bio drungarios Marinos, a majka Teoktista (Θεοκτίστη). Cyril Toumanoff i Nicholas Adontz, stručnjaci za genealogije, smatrali su da je Teodora bila povezana s armenskim plemićkim klanom zvanim Mamikonian. Ipak, prema Nini Garsoïan, nemoguće je dokazati povezanost Teodore s tim klanom. Drugi stručnjaci za genealogije smatraju da je Teodorin otac bio sin Artavazda Mamikoniana, koji je bio poglavar klana. Teodorina su braća bila Bardas (Βάρδας) i Petronas (general), a sestre Kalomaria, Sofija i Irena, koja je bila šogorica patrijarha Focija I.

Brak
God. 829., Teofil je postao car, u dobi od 16 godina. Sljedeće je godine njegova maćeha Eufrozina započela potragu za ženom koja bi mogla biti Teofilu supruga te je Teodora bila izabrana. Teofil se oženio Teodorom 5. lipnja 830. u Aji Sofiji. Nakon vjenčanja, Eufrozina se povukla u samostan te je Teodora bila jedina carica na muževljevu dvoru.

Teofil je uložio mnogo truda u borbu protiv izrade pravoslavnih ikona, dok je Teodora iznimno poštovala ikone. Prema jednoj priči, jedan je sluga vidio kako Teodora moli pred ikonom te je to rekao njezinom mužu, koji se pojavio pred Teodorom te ju pitao zašto to čini; Teodora mu je rekla da se "igra lutkama". Car Teofil umro je 20. siječnja 842., a Teodora je postala regent sinu Mihaelu te je naredila patrijarhu Metodiju I. da održi koncil kako bi vratila potpuno poštovanje prema ikonama. Umrla je nakon 867.

Djeca
Djeca Teodore i Teofila:
Konstantin (Κωνσταντῖνος)
Tekla
Ana
Anastazija
Pulherija
Marija
Mihael III. Pijanica

Izvori i bilješke

Bizantske carice
Pravoslavni sveci

Teodora (9. stoljeće)


لوسيو فولكي Lucio Fulci هو مخرج وكاتب سيناريو وممثل إيطالي، أشتهر بإخراج أفلام الرعب ولد عام 1927 وتوفى عام 1996.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

رومان كاثوليك إيطاليون
شيوعيون إيطاليون
كتاب إيطاليون
كتاب ذكور إيطاليون في القرن 20
كتاب سيناريو إيطاليون
كتاب سيناريو إيطاليون في القرن 20
كتاب من روما
مخرجو أفلام إيطاليون
مخرجو أفلام رعب
ممثلون إيطاليون في القرن 20
ممثلون من روما
مواليد 1927
مواليد في روما
وفيات 1996
وفيات بسبب مرض السكري
وفيات في روما

لوسيو فولكي


Walter Friedrich Adolf von Bergmann (né le  à Magdebourg et mort le  à Berlin) est un général d'infanterie allemand de la Reichswehr.

Biographie

Origine
Walter est le fils du général d'infanterie prussien  (1834-1908) et de sa femme Hermine, née Goering (née en 1844).

Carrière militaire
Bergmann intègre le  dans le  d'infanterie de l'armée prussienne à Meiningen en tant qu'aspirant issu du corps des cadets et y est promu le  au grade de sous-lieutenant. Du  au , il agit comme adjudant de bataillon et est ensuite muté dans la même fonction au  d'infanterie à Metz. En tant que premier lieutenant (depuis le ), il est affecté du  au  à l'Académie de guerre de Berlin et, entre-temps, le , au  à Lübben. Le , Bergmann rejoint le Grand État-Major général pour poursuivre sa formation, il devient capitaine le  et y reste jusqu'au . Bergmann est ensuite affecté comme commandant de compagnie dans le  à Karlsruhe et est à nouveau muté au Grand État-Major général le . Peu de temps après, Bergmann est nommé premier officier d'état-major de la  d'infanterie le  et promu major le . En tant que tel, il occupa la même fonction à l'état-major général du  d'armée. Ceci est suivi par son transfert au Grand-État-Major général et son commandement simultané du ministère prussien de la Guerre. Le , il prend en charge le département de l'armée en tant que chef et est promu colonel le . Le , Bergmann est nommé commandant du  à Altona qu'il commande jusqu'au début de la guerre.

Avec le déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale, Bergmann devient haut quartier-maître de la . Il est promu au commandant de la brigade peu de temps après et promu major général la veille de Noël 1914. En tant que tel, il est chef d'état-major du groupe d'armées Lochow du  au , déployé sur le front ouest à La Bassée et Arras. Il est ensuite réintégré comme haut quartier-maître à la  et, à partir du , dans la même fonction à la . Il y sert ensuite comme chef d'état-major général. Pendant une courte période, Bergmann est chef d'état-major général de la , puis est relevé de son poste le  et mis à disposition de l'armée en tant qu'officier. Le , Bergmann est nommé chef d'état-major général de l'administration militaire de Roumanie. Il y reste jusqu'au , date à laquelle il prend le commandement de la  d'infanterie, qui est initialement sous le commandement du Département d'armée C à l'ouest de Mulhouse en Alsace et engagée dans la guerre des tranchées. Dans le cadre de l'offensive du printemps 1918, des succès considérables sont remportés avec la prise de Maissemy et la poursuite de l'ennemi jusqu'aux environs de Montdidier. Pour cela, il reçoit le  l'Ordre Pour le Mérite. Le , Bergmann est promu Generalleutnant et à ce titre, Bergmann est chargé le  de diriger le , poste qu'il occupe jusqu'à la fin de la guerre.

Après la fin de la guerre, il est de nouveau mis à disposition comme officier par l'armée, mais est nommé le  commandant de la  d'infanterie. Dans la Reichswehr, Bergmann est à partir du  commandant du  district militaire (Stuttgart), à partir du  chef du Reichswehr-Gruppenkommando 1 et à partir du  son commandant en chef. Dans cette fonction, il est promu général d'infanterie le . Bergmann quitte le service actif le  et est mis à la retraite.

Après ses adieux, Bergmann est nommé le  chef du  à Lübeck avec le colonel  comme commandant de régiment, puis le , chef du  d'infanterie à Hambourg.

Décorations
 Croix de fer de  et
 Ordre de l'Aigle rouge de  avec épées et feuilles de chêne
 Ordre de la Couronne de  avec épées et étoile
 Insigne des blessés (1918) en noir
 Croix de service
 Ordre du Mérite militaire bavarois de
 Commandant de  de l'Ordre d'Albert avec épées
 Commandant de  de l'Ordre de Frédéric avec épées
 Commandant de  de l'Ordre du Lion de Zaeringen
 Croix hanséatique de Hambourg
 Croix du Mérite militaire du Mecklembourg de
  de
 Croix de chevalier de  de l'Ordre de la Maison ernestine de Saxe avec épées
 Croix d'honneur reussoise de  avec épées
 Commandeur de l'Ordre de François-Joseph
 Étoile de Gallipoli

Bibliographie
 Karl-Friedrich Hildebrand, Christian Zweig: Die Ritter des Ordens Pour le Mérite. Band 1: A–G. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1999 , S. 95–97.

Liens externes

Références

General der Infanterie de la Reichswehr
Generalleutnant prussien
Commandeur de l'ordre de François-Joseph
Commandeur de l'ordre de Frédéric
Commandeur de 1re classe de l'ordre d'Albert
Commandeur de 2e classe de l'ordre du Lion de Zaeringen
Chevalier de 2e classe de l'ordre de la Couronne (Prusse)
Chevalier de 2e classe de l'ordre de la Maison ernestine de Saxe
Récipiendaire de la croix d'honneur reussoise
Récipiendaire de la croix du Mérite militaire (Mecklembourg-Schwerin)
Récipiendaire de 1re classe de la croix de fer
Récipiendaire de l'ordre de l'Aigle rouge de 2e classe
Récipiendaire de 2e classe de l'ordre du Mérite militaire (Bavière)
Récipiendaire de la croix Pour le Mérite (ordre militaire)
Récipiendaire de la croix hanséatique (Hambourg)
Récipiendaire de l'étoile de Gallipoli
Naissance en avril 1864
Naissance à Magdebourg
Naissance dans la province de Saxe
Décès en mars 1950
Décès à Berlin
Décès à 85 ans

Walter von Bergmann


Leo von Littrow (17. ožujka 1860. – 11. svibnja 1925.) bila je austrijsko-riječka slikarica poznata po svojim pejzažima i slikama o moru, uz Bukovca najpoznatiji i najuspješniji umjetnik impresionizma u južnom djelu Austro-Ugarskog carstva.

Biografija
Leo von Littrow rođena je kao Leontine Camilla von Littrow u Trstu i odmalena su je uvijek zvali "Leo". Kao članica stare austrijsko-češke obitelji, imala je poznate pretke. Njezin otac Heinrich von Littrow bio je poznati kapetan fregate u austrijskoj mornarici, kartograf, pjesnik i dramaturg koji je radio kao kraljevski mađarski pomorski inspektor u Rijeci i kao voditelj Trgovačke i nautičke akademije u Trstu. Njezina majka, Caroline Fanny Barry, kao i Leov ujak Alfred Barry i Richard Barry, potječe iz bogate bankarske i trgovačke obitelji iz Genove i Trsta. Leov djed bio je carski dvorski astronom Johann Joseph von Littrow. Obitelj je 1835. dobila nasljedno plemstvo. Jedan od njezinih ujaka bio je astronom Karl Ludwig von Littrow, nasljednik njegova oca Josipa na mjestu voditelja Bečkog sveučilišnog opservatorija i rektora Bečkog sveučilišta. Bio je oženjen aktivisticom za ženska prava Auguste von Littrow, suosnivačicom Bečke udruge za zapošljavanje žena, Udruge Wiener Frauenheim i gradskim dobročiniteljem, koja je održavala salon u koji su prolazili svoje vrijeme veliki umjetnici kao Franz Grillparzer, Josef Danhauser, Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Ottilie von Goethe, Carl von Zumbusch. Tijekom svog djetinjstva i mladosti u Beču u kojem je Leo posječivala salon, bečki slikar Hans Canon, još jedan prijatelj Littrowovog kruga, otkrio je vrlo rano slikarski talent Lee von Littrow.

Leo von Littrow odrasla je između obiteljskih kuća u Rijeci i Trstu, a oko 1887. počela je živjeti u Opatiji, morskom lječilištu Austro-Ugarske monarhije u predgrađu Rijeke. Ovdje je došla sa svojim ocem, koji je ovdje došao iz profesionalnih razloga. Nakon bečkog slikarstva kod Hansa Canona, oko 1875. godine pod utjecajem francuskog impresionizma stekla je umjetničku obuku kod jednako aristokratskog pariškog slikara Jeana d'Alheima, učenika romantičnog umjetnika Alexandrea Calamea. Nakon niza uspješnih izložbi u Beču, Bremenu, Münchenu i Londonu, od oko 1885. Leo von Littrow počinje se smatrati uspješnom slikaricom austrougarskog krajolika i tradicionalnog života primorja, Istre i Dalmacije. Njezini pogledi na pergole i vrtove su postali posebno popularni. Nakon prvog zajedničkog putovanja u Dubrovnik s austrijskom impresionističkom umjetnicom Olgom Wisinger-Florian 1887. godine, među njima se razvilo dugogodišnje prijateljstvo, što je bilo važno za umjetnički stil obojice. U tim je godinama Leo von Littrow razvila vlastiti individualistički, svjetlošću preplavljeni i čisti stil boja impresionizma.

Čak i prije početka XX. stoljeća, Littrow se smatrala dobro uhodanim impresionistom s Juga Europe. Prodavala je slike okrunjenim glavama i važnim kolekcionarima: Ferdinandu I. bugarskom princu, nadvojvodi Karlu Stjepanu od Austrije i prijestolonasljednici Stephanie od Austrije, s kojima se mnogo dopisivala i družila tijekom cijelog života i koji su često posjećivali njezin atelje u Opatiji. Najbliži prijatelji Lee i Heinricha von Littrowa i kolekcionari njihovih slika bili su industrijalac i su-izumitelj torpeda Robert Whitehead i njegova kći i zet Alice grofica von Hoyos i Georg von Hoyos.

Leo von Littrow umrla je u Opatiji 1925. godine.

Umjetnost i značenje
Svoje radove slikarica je uvijek potpisivala s "Leo von Littrow", "Leo Littrow" ili monogramom "LL". Nakon vrlo uspješnih izložbi u Bečkom Künstlerhausu (1880), Bremenu (1880), Londonu (1886), Budimpešti (1884), u Minhenskoj staklenoj palači (1893), Chicagu (1893, u The Woman's Building za Colombian World Exhibition) i Salzburgu, i prije svega zahvaljujući velikim samostalnim izložbama u Londonu (1899., 1904., 1906.) i Beču (1914.) Leo von Littrow je bila jedina žena koja je još sredinom 1880-ih dobila počasnu proviziju od novoizgrađenih muzeja bečkog dvora: unutarnja slika za polukatu rezidencija Prirodoslovnog muzeja prikazuje njezinu sliku Obala Raguse. Littrowova djela danas se čuvaju u Bečkom muzeju, Gemäldegalerie Akademije likovnih umjetnosti u Beču, Gradskom muzeju grada Rijeke i u Museo Revoltella u Trstu.

Njezin rad uključen je 2019. u izložbu Grad žena: umjetnice u Beču od 1900. do 1938. u Austrijskoj Galeriji Belvedere.

Galerija

Izvori

Životopisi, Austro-Ugarska
Životopisi, Rijeka

Leo von Littrow


Matroska (genel dosya uzantısı .mkv ve .mka'dır) Microsoft'un ASF ya da Apple'ın Quicktime dosya biçimine benzer bir açık kaynak kodlu içerik biçimi geliştirme projesidir. Proje 7 Aralık 2002 tarihinde bir yazılım çatallandırması olarak duyuruldu. Daha sonraları Matryoshka doll olarak adlandırıldı.

Projenin bazı avantajları:
 Çağdaş, esnek, genişletilebilir, internet üzerinden aktarım sağlayabilen çoklu işletim sistemi destekli, dosya içerisinde DVD sahneleri benzeri menüsüyle hızlı atlama/tarama özelliği.
 Matroska dosyalarını düzenlemek ve oluşturmak için GNU Genel Kamu Lisansı altında dağıtılan araçları.
 Kütüphaneleri ile geliştiricilere uygulamalarında GNU Kısa Genel Kamu Lisansı ile Matroska dosyalarını kullanma desteği.
 Donanım sağlayıcıları ile gömülü sistemlerde çalışması için Matroska desteği çalışması.

Ayrıca bakınız
 İçerik biçimleri karşılaştırması

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.matroska.org - Resmî sitesi
 https://web.archive.org/web/20050923062446/http://corecodec.org/projects/matroska - Resmi Geliştirme Projesi Ana Sayfası
 Hydrogenaudio.org vikisinde Matroska
 Proje Duyurusu - Doom9 forumlarında
 https://web.archive.org/web/20060517090926/http://packs.matroska.org/ - Windows üzerinde oynatıma gerekli her şey için 'Oynatma Paketi'
 https://web.archive.org/web/20040707171532/http://haali.cs.msu.ru/mkv/ - Alternatif matroska bölücü
 http://sourceforge.net/projects/guliverkli/ - ayıklayıcı, okuyucu/yazıcı ve oynatıcı
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080201013659/http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/ - Matroska için Linux be Windows araçları

Bilgisayar dosya biçimleri
İçerik biçimi

Matroska


Breanna Richardson, née le  à Conyers (Géorgie), est une joueuse américaine de basket-ball.

Biographie

Non draftée après son cursus chez les Bulldogs de Mississippi State, elle dispute deux rencontres de pré-saison 2017 avec le Lynx du Minnesota.

Sa carrière débute en Israël d'abord en 20147-2018 avec Bnot Hertzeliya ( à 46,8%, 7.3 rebonds, 2,0 passes décisives en ), puis l'année suivante ( à 50,8 %, 7,0 rebonds, 2,4 passes décisives, 1,3 interception en ). En 2019-2020, elle joue en deuxième division espagnole avec Real Club Celta Vigo ( à 49,3 %, 6,2 rebonds, 1,0 passe décisive, 1,3 interception en ). Pour la saison 2020-2021, elle rejoint la Turquie à Edremit ( à 55,1 %, 11,2 rebonds, 2,1 passes décisives, 2,0 interceptions en )

En janvier 2022, elle quitte le club allemand de Keltern pour lequel elle ne jouait qu'en Eurocoupe ( et 7,3 rebonds en ) pour rejoindre Angers qui enregistre plusieurs succès, où joue déjà sa équipière de 3x3 Alexis Peterson et où elle remplace l'intérieure Nabala Fofana, blessée.

Clubs
 2009-2013 :  Rockdale County High School
 2013-2017 :  Bulldogs de Mississippi State
 2017-2018 :  Bnot Hertzeliya
 2018-2019 :  Hapoel Rishon Le-Zion
 2019-2020 :  Real Club Celta Vigo
 2020-2021 :  Edremit Belediyesi
 2021-2022 :  Rutronik Keltern
 2021-2022 :  Union féminine Angers Basket 49

Distinctions personnelles
 Meilleur cinq des freshmen de la SEC (2014)

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Profil MSU

Joueuse américaine de basket-ball
Joueuse du Real Club Celta Vigo
Joueuse de basket-ball d'Angers
Joueuse de basket-ball des Bulldogs de Mississippi State
Naissance en août 1995
Naissance à Conyers

Breanna Richardson


Buritizal es un municipio brasilero del estado de São Paulo. Se localiza a una latitud 20º11'28" sur y a una longitud 47º42'30" oeste, estando a una altitud de 855 metros. Su población estimada en 2010 era de 4055 habitantes.

El municipio de Buritizal posee una calidad de vida muy elevada debido al clima, a los servicios de saneamiento básico, salud y Educación. La ciudad tuvo uno de los mejores planeamentos urbanos del Brasil.

En el municipio se encuentra instalada una gran destilería, la Usina Buritis, que emplea buena parte de la población de la ciudad y propicia al gobierno municipal una cantidad considerable en ICMS.

Posee un área de 266,3 km².

Historia
El municipio de Buritizal fue fundado en , por Manoel Días Cardoso, Manoel Martins Ferreira Costa, José Ignácio dos Santos y Juán Damásio Ramos.
Mudó su denominación de Buritys a Buritizal por el Decreto de la Ley nº 4354 del 30 de noviembre de 1944 puesto en ejecución el día 1º de enero de 1945.

Su nombre es una alusión en las varias palmeras Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) existentes en las veredas del municipio.

Geografía

Demografía
Población total: 3.674
 Urbana: 2.903
 Rural: 771
 Hombres: 1.870
 Mujeres: 1.804
Densidad demográfica (hab./km²): 13,80

Mortalidad infantil hasta 1 año (por mil): 15,41

Expectativa de vida (años): 71,46

Tasa de fertilidad (hijos por mujer): 2,15

Tasa de alfabetización: 91,07%

Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH-M): 0,777
 IDH-M Salario: 0,696
 IDH-M Longevidad: 0,774
 IDH-M Educación: 0,862
(Fuente: IPEAFecha)

Hidrografía
 Arroyo de la Bandera
 Arroyo Puente Nueva
 Arroyo del Pari
 Río Buritis

Carreteras
 SP-330

Administración
 Prefecto: Agliberto Gonçalves (2009/2012)
 Viceprefecto:Jaime Furtado
 Presidente de la cámara:Rogerio Garcia De la Silveira (2009/2012)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de São Paulo

Buritizal


Felipe de Oliveira Barros (født 5. august 1994) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Felipe de Oliveira Barros


XXVIII. Olimpiyat Oyunları Tenis karşılaşmaları 2004'te Atina'da Atina Olimpik Spor Kompleksi'nin içinde bulunan Olimpik Tenis Merkezi'nde (Olympic Tennis Centre) yapılmıştır.

Madalya tablosu

Erkekler

Tekler

Çiftler

Bayanlar

Tekler

Çiftler

Tenis
Yaz Olimpiyatları

2004 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda tenis


Edward Glyn James (født 17. december 1941 i Llangollen, Wales) er en walisisk tidligere fodboldspiller (centerhalf).

På klubplan tilbragte James hele sin aktive karriere, fra 1959 til 1974, hos Blackpool F.C. i England. Han nåede næsten 400 ligakampe for klubben, der i denne periode spillede i både den bedste og næstbedste engelske række.

James spillede desuden ni kampe for Wales' landshold.

Referencer

Fodboldspillere fra Wales
Fodboldspillere fra Blackpool F.C.

Glyn James


Skabelsen af skulptur er en film instrueret af Johnny Carlsen.

Handling
Med Skabelsen af Skulptur vises et andet billede af kunstens verden. Her er det ikke kunstneren i sig selv, der er hovedpersonen, men selve kunstværket. Og selve fremstillingsprocessen af kunstværket er filmens handling. Man føres som betragter bag om kunstgalleriets facade og hvide vægge, og følger en bronzeskulpturs skabelsesproces fra kreativ idé over støbning og færdiggørelse til opstilling i det daværende DONG Energys domicil på Lagergårdsvej/Nesa Allé i Gentofte. Udgangspunktet er den danske billedhugger Jens-Flemming Sørensens studio i den lille italienske by Pietrasanta, hvor vi dumper ned i den kreative proces under selve formgivningen af en skulptur.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Skabelsen af Skulptur på Johnny Carlsens kanal på YouTube; (CARLSENFILM)

Danske film fra 2012

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Skabelsen af skulptur


En sensorisk nerve/neuron er en nerve der bærer sensorisk information mod centralnervesystemet (CNS). Der er en indkapslet, kable-agtig bundt af afferente nervefibre (sensoriske neuroner axoner ) i det perifere nervesystem (PNS). Disse fibre forbinder sensoriske receptorer på kroppens overflade eller i vævet til relevant processer i CNS. Sensoriske nerver er ofte parret med motorneuroner, der er bundter af efferente nervefibre der løber fra CNS til PNS. Stimuli skaber nerveimpulser i receptorerne og ændrer potentialerne, der kenders som sensorisk transduktion.

Referencer

Nervesystemets anatomi

Sensorisk nerve


Mark Jonathan Pincus (born February 13, 1966) is an American Internet entrepreneur known as the founder of Zynga, a mobile social gaming company. Pincus also founded the startups Freeloader, Inc., Tribe Networks, and Support.com. Pincus served as the CEO of Zynga until July 2013, then again from 2015 to 2016.

Pincus was named 2009 "CEO of the Year" at The Crunchies technology awards and a year later was named Founder of the Year at the 2010 ceremony. Zynga is considered to be the pioneer of the social gaming industry. In 2011, Zynga went public with a $1 billion IPO. Pincus co-founded Reinvent Capital in 2018, an investment firm, with Reid Hoffman and hedge fund manager Michael Thompson. He co-created the Stanford Graduate School of Business course on Product Management with Professor Amir Goldberg.

Early life and background
Pincus is Jewish. His family lives  in Chicago in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood. He is the son of Donna (née Forman) and Theodore Pincus. His father was a business columnist and public relations adviser to CEOs and politicians and his mother was an artist and architect.

Pincus attended Francis W. Parker School from kindergarten through 12th grade and graduated in 1984. He graduated summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania earned in 1988 and an MBA from Harvard Business School, where he founded the Communications Club with Sherry Coutu.

Career

Financial services
Before he became an entrepreneur, Pincus worked in venture capital and financial services for six years. After graduating from Wharton, Pincus spent two years working as an analyst in the New Media Group at Lazard Freres & Co. After that time, he moved to Hong Kong, where he served as a Vice President for Asian Capital Partners for two years.

He returned to the United States in order to attend Harvard Business School (HBS) where he was a contemporary of Chris Hohn, Guy Spier and Chris Shumway.  He graduated in 1993 and also spent a summer as an associate for Bain & Co. in 1992.

After Pincus graduated from Harvard Business School, he took a job as a manager of corporate development at Tele-Communications, Inc., which is now AT&T Cable. A year later, he joined Columbia Capital as vice president, where he led investments in new media and software startups in Washington, D.C. for a year.

Entrepreneur

Freeloader
In 1995, Pincus founded his first startup, Freeloader, Inc. Freeloader was backed by Fred Wilson and Softbank. The company was acquired seven months after its launch by Individual, Inc., for $38 million.  Sean Parker worked as a summer intern at Freeloader when he was 14 years old. He later went on to co-found Napster, and Pincus became Napster's first investor with an investment of $100,000.

Support.com
He then started his second company, Support.com, in August 1997. As Chairman and CEO, Pincus built the company into a leading provider of help desk automation software. The company went public in July 2000 at a $1.5 billion valuation. In 2002, the company changed its name from Support.com to SupportSoft, Inc.

Tribe.net
In 2003, at age 37, Pincus founded his third startup, Tribe.net, an early social network. Tribe.net partnered with major local newspapers and was backed by The Washington Post, Knight Ridder Digital, and Mayfield Fund and Guy Spier,. In 2007, Cisco Systems acquired the core technology of Tribe.net to develop a social networking platform for its digital media services group.

In 2003, Pincus and Reid Hoffman purchased the Six Degrees patent, a broad, sweeping patent that describes a social network service that is the heart of social networks from the extinct Sixdegrees.com company for $700,000. Pincus and Hoffman stated at the time that their objective in buying the patent was to protect innovation in social networking and to prevent large companies from interfering with this. Pincus and Hoffman have never enforced the patent.

Investing
Pincus was a founding investor in Napster, Facebook, Friendster, Snapchat, Xiaomi and Twitter.  He was also an early investor in JD.com, Brightmail (later acquired by Symantec for $400m), and Buddy Media (acquired by Salesforce for $800m).  In 2015, Pincus invested in the nootropics company HVMN (formerly Nootrobox), man-made diamond company Diamond Foundry, and in 2014 automated investment service firm Wealthfront.

Zynga

In July 2007 Pincus founded his fourth company, Zynga Inc.  Zynga developed games on top of social networks such as Facebook, Myspace, and Bebo.

In 2011, Pincus took the company public with a $1 billion IPO.  Pincus served as CEO of the company from 2007 to 2013.  On July 1, 2013, Zynga recruited Don Mattrick, the former president of Interactive Entertainment Business at Microsoft, was to succeed Pincus as CEO. Pincus remained actively involved in the company as Chairman of the Board and Chief Product Officer, but stepped down from his role as chief product officer to focus on his role as chairman of the board, the company announced in April 2014.

Pincus returned to the role of CEO of Zynga in April 2015. On March 7, 2016, Pincus stepped down as CEO, but continued his association with Zynga as Executive Chairman of the Board with Frank Gibeau in the role of CEO. In 2018, citing his confidence in Zynga's management, Pincus voluntarily reduced his voting rights in the company from 70% to 10% and stepped back to a non-executive chairman role.

Start-ups
In 2014 Pincus started Superlabs, an incubator to develop products. Zynga acquired Superlabs in 2015.

In 2017, Pincus, alongside Reid Hoffman and Adam Werbach, launched Win the Future, a movement within the Democratic Party.

Reinvent Capital and SPACs
In 2018, with Reid Hoffman and Michael Thompson, Pincus co-founded Reinvent Capital, an investment firm that invests in internet, software, and media companies. Reinvent Capital has made investments in Zipline, goPuff, Dataminr, Nimble Robotics,  Oscar Health, Lyft, all.Health, Convoy, SpaceX, and Aurora Innovation.

In September 2020, Reinvent launched Reinvent Technology Partners (RTP), a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) which raised $690 million in its IPO.  In February 2021, RTP announced a merger with electronic vertical take-off and landing aircraft pioneer Joby Aviation, valuing the company at $5 billion. Other investors included Uber Technologies, The Baupost Group, BlackRock, Fidelity Management & Research, and Baillie Gifford.

In November 2020, the group launched its second SPAC, Reinvent Technology Partners Z, which raised $230 million in its IPO. In March 2021, RTPZ announced a merger with insurance technology company Hippo Insurance.  Hippo provides home insurance in the United States, and uses artificial intelligence and big data to aggregate and analyze property information.

In February 2021, Pincus and Reinvent partners announced its third SPAC, Reinvent Technology Partners Y, raising $977.5 million in its IPO. In July 2021, RTPY announced a plan to merge with Pittsburgh-based Aurora Innovation, which is developing Level 4 self-driving technology for trucks and passenger vehicles.

Philanthropy and community service

Presidio Trust
Pincus is a former member of the board of the Presidio Trust, a federal agency that operates and maintains the Presidio as part of the Golden Gate Recreation Area. He was appointed to the board by President Obama in 2017.

Zynga.org
In October 2009, Pincus started Zynga.org, which is "committed to transforming the world through virtual social goods." Zynga.org has since raised more than $20 million for more than 50 international nonprofits by occasionally selling virtual goods for charitable causes. During his time at Zynga Pincus created features for several gaming sites that allowed players to donate to the San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA); two organizations in Haiti, FATEM and Fonkoze, raising $427,000 in less than three weeks in October 2009. In January 2010 Zynga.org had raised $1.5 million in five days for Haiti Earthquake relief. The money was distributed within just two days. The total Zynga.org raised during 2010 for earthquake relief in Haiti was $3 million. In 2011 they raised an additional $2 million for rescue efforts in Japan after the earthquake and tsunami that devastated the country.

On March 11, 2011, Zynga announced that 100 percent of the proceeds from the purchase of virtual goods from more than seven of its games would go toward Japan's Save the Children Earthquake Emergency Fund. During the 2012 holiday season, Zynga.org partnered with Toys for Tots in its largest charitable campaign not related to disaster relief. The campaign raised $745,000, with 100 percent of the purchase price of certain virtual goods going to Toys for Tots.

In 2014, Zynga raised $1 million for Water.org, a Kansas City, Missouri-based charity that funds clean water projects in developing countries.

Zynga match
Zynga announced in June 2020 that they created a $25 million fund to invest in charitable causes and educational organizations that promote diversity and inclusion.

Oakland Undivided Campaign
In May 2020, Pincus donated $700,000 to the Oakland Unified School District and City of Oakland to help meet their $12.5 million goal towards eliminating the prevalent digital gap that exists in Oakland.

Roden Crater Project
In February 2020, Pincus donated $3 million to Roden Crater, a large scale Land artwork by James Turrell within a dormant volcano in the Painted Desert region of Northern Arizona. The contributions bring the project closer to completion which the artist hopes to open within the next five years.

Bolinas COVID-19 testing
In April 2020, Pincus, Finnish entrepreneur Jyri Engeström and biotech executive Cyrus Harmon, organized and financed community-wide COVID-19 testing in their hometown of Bolinas, California.  It was one of the first cases of community-wide testing in the US. Through their efforts Bolinas was able to test every one of its 1,600 residents for COVID-19 for free. Pincus donated the first $100,000 for the initiative, since it was not covered by government funds.

Canal Alliance
Pincus donated over $100,000 to Canal Alliance in June 2020. Canal Alliance works to provide relief from COVID-19 to families in need.

Political views
In 2020, Pincus, along with many other Silicon Valley tech billionaires, gave the legal maximum dollar amount to support Joe Biden's presidential campaign. Pincus is a longtime supporter of Kamala Harris, and co-hosted a fundraiser for her campaign in 2016.

Personal life

In 2008, Pincus married Alison Gelb, who founded One Kings Lane, a furniture and home accessories sales website that was sold to Bed Bath & Beyond in 2016. They have three children, twin girls and a boy, and live in the Pacific Heights neighborhood of San Francisco. In March 2017, the couple divorced.

Pincus spends his time away from work with his daughters, cycling, surfing, playing soccer and doing yoga.

He joined The Giving Pledge in 2022, committing to donating most of his wealth.

References

External links

Mark Pincus Blog
Zynga Corporate Site
Zynga.org Site

Living people
American computer businesspeople
Harvard Business School alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
1966 births
Bain & Company employees
American technology company founders
20th-century American Jews
American billionaires
American technology chief executives
Zynga people
21st-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople from Chicago
Video game businesspeople
21st-century American Jews

 Francis W. Parker School (Chicago) alumni

Mark Pincus


Armin Mueller-Stahl (born 17 December 1930) is a German retired film actor, painter and author, who also appeared in numerous English-language films since the 1980s. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Shine. In 2011, he was awarded the Honorary Golden Bear.

Early life

Mueller-Stahl was born in Tilsit, East Prussia (now Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia). His mother, Editta, was from an upper-class family and became a university professor in Leipzig. His father, Alfred Müller, was a bank teller who changed the family's surname to "Mueller-Stahl". The rest of the family moved to Berlin while his father fought on the Eastern Front in World War II. Mueller-Stahl was a concert violinist while he was a teenager and enrolled at an East Berlin acting school in 1952.

Career
Mueller-Stahl was a film and stage actor in East Germany, performing in such films as Her Third and Jacob the Liar. For that country's television, he played the main character of the popular series Das unsichtbare Visier from 1973 to 1979, a spy thriller program designed, in co-operation with the Stasi, as a counterpart to the James Bond films. After protesting against Wolf Biermann's denaturalization in 1976 he was blacklisted by the government. Emigrating in 1980 to West Germany, he found regular work in films. These included Rainer Werner Fassbinder's Lola (1981) and Veronika Voss (1982), Andrzej Wajda's A Love in Germany (1984), Angry Harvest and the Academy Award nominated Hungarian-West German film Colonel Redl (both 1985), the latter about the scandal surrounding Austro-Hungarian Army Colonel Alfred Redl.

Mueller-Stahl played the Soviet general in charge of the occupied United States in the 1987 ABC television miniseries Amerika. He made his American feature film debut as Jessica Lange's character's father in Music Box (1989). His performance as a Jewish immigrant to the United States in the 1990 film Avalon was widely praised. He subsequently took character roles in Kafka by Steven Soderbergh and Night on Earth by Jim Jarmusch (both 1991).

Mueller-Stahl won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival for his performance in Utz (1992). Mueller-Stahl was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as the abusive father of pianist David Helfgott in the 1996 film Shine. Mueller-Stahl was also in A Pyromaniac's Love Story (1995) and the 1997 remake of the film 12 Angry Men. Conversation with the Beast (1996) was his first film as director. In 1998, he played the German scientist and syndicate member, Conrad Strughold, in the feature film The X-Files. In 1999 he played the mastermind of a criminal gang opposite Ray Liotta and Gloria Reuben in Pilgrim, also distributed under the title Inferno.

In the early 2000s, Mueller-Stahl received a positive response for his portrayal of Thomas Mann in a German miniseries about the Mann family called Die Manns - Ein Jahrhundertroman. In 2004, Mueller-Stahl made a foray into American television, guest-starring in four episodes on the television drama series The West Wing as the Prime Minister of Israel. In 2006, he played the role of reclusive Russian artist Nikolai Seroff in Local Color. He had a villainous role in David Cronenberg's crime drama Eastern Promises (2007) and the thriller The International (2009), both of which co-starred British-Australian actress Naomi Watts. In 2008, he won the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role for Eastern Promises. Mueller-Stahl played the role of Cardinal Strauss, Dean of the College of Cardinals and the Papal conclave, in Angels & Demons (2009).

In 2011, he was awarded the Honorary Golden Bear at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival.

Since the creation of the Freya von Moltke Stiftung, working out of Berlin and Krzyżowa, he has been a supporter and linked with their work.

Filmography

 Heimliche Ehen (1956), as Norbert
 Die Flucht aus der Hölle (1960), as Hans Röder
 Five Cartridges (1960), as Pierre Gireau
 Star-Crossed Lovers (1962), as Michael
 … und deine Liebe auch (1962), as Ullrich Settich
 Naked among Wolves (1963), as André Höfel
 Christine (1963)
 Preludio 11 (1964), as Quintana
 Alaskafüchse (1964), as Sowjetischer Arzt
 Wolf Among Wolves (1965, TV series), as Wolfgang Pagel
 Ein Lord am Alexanderplatz (1967), as Dr. Achim Engelhardt
 Ways across the Country (1968), as Jürgen Leßtorff
 Tödlicher Irrtum (1970), as Chris Howard
 Her Third (1972), as The Blind Man
 Januskopf (1972), as Dr. Brock
 Die Hosen des Ritters von Bredow (1973), as Dechant von Krummensee
  (1974), as Mr. Slavovitz
 Jacob the Liar (1974), as Roman Schtamm
 Nelken in Aspik (1976), as Wolfgang Schmidt
 Das unsichtbare Visier (1973–1976, TV series), as Werner Bredebusch
 Die Flucht (1977), as Schmidt
 Lola (1981), as Von Bohm
  (1981, TV film), as Andreas Roth
 Veronika Voss (1982), as Max Rehbein
  (1982), as 'Gandhi'
  (1982), as Harald Liebe
 Die Flügel der Nacht (1982), as Goedel
 Embers (1983), as François Korb / Andres Korb
  (1983), as Tetzlav
  (1983), as The Lawyer
 The Wounded Man (1983), as Henri's Father
 A Love in Germany (1983), as Mayer
  (1983), as Sam
 Rita Ritter (1984)
  (1984), as Arnold
 Crooks in Paradise (1985, TV film), as Otto Flamm
 Colonel Redl (1985), as Archduke Franz Ferdinand
 Angry Harvest (1985), as Leon Wolny
 Die Mitläufer (1985)
 Forget Mozart (1985), as Graf Pergen
 The Assault of the Present on the Rest of Time (1985), as Blind Director
 Close-Up (1985, TV film), as Dold
 Momo (1986), as Leader of the Men in Grey
 Franza (1986, TV film), as Jordan
 Amerika (1987, TV miniseries), as General Petya Samanov
  (1987), as Lutz Kehlmann
 Jokehnen (1987, TV miniseries), as Karl Steputat
 Lethal Obsession (1987), as Axel Baumgartner
 Midnight Cop  Killing Blue (1988), as Inspector Alex Glass
 Spider's Web (1989), as Baron von Rastchuk
  (1989), as Maxwell
 A hecc (1989), as Marnó, kabinos, Tamás barátja
 Music Box (1989), as Mike Laszlo
 Avalon (1990), as Sam Krichinsky
 Night on Earth (1991), as Helmut Grokenberger
 Kafka (1991), as Grubach
  (1991), as Aaron
 Utz (1992), as Baron Kaspar Joachim von Utz
 The Power of One (1992), as Doc
 Far from Berlin (1992), as Otto Lindner
 Red Hot (1993), as Dimitri
  (1993), as Movie Teller
 The House of the Spirits (1993), as Severo
 Taxandria (1994), as Karol / Virgilus
 Holy Matrimony (1994), as Wilhelm
 The Last Good Time (1994), as Joseph Kopple
 A Pyromaniac's Love Story (1995), as Mr. Linzer
 Theodore Rex (1995), as Elizar Kane
 Shine (1996), as Peter
 Conversation with the Beast (1996), as Adolf Hitler
 The Ogre (1996), as Count von Kaltenborn
 In the Presence of Mine Enemies (1997, TV Movie), as Rabbi Adam Heller
 12 Angry Men (1997, TV Movie), as Juror #4
 The Game (1997), as Anson Baer
 The Assistant (1997), as Mr. Morris Bober
 The Peacemaker (1997), as Dimitri Vertikoff
 The Commissioner (1998), as Hans Koenig
 The X-Files (1998), as Strughold
 The Thirteenth Floor (1999), as Hannon Fuller / Grierson
 The Third Miracle (1999), as Werner
 Jakob the Liar (1999), as Kirschbaum
 Jesus (1999, TV film), as Joseph
 Mission to Mars (2000), as Ray Beck (uncredited)
 Pilgrim (2000), as Mac
 The Long Run (2001), as Bertold 'Barry' Bohmer
 Die Manns – Ein Jahrhundertroman (2001, TV miniseries), as Thomas Mann
 The Story of an African Farm (2004), as Otto
 The West Wing (2004, TV series, 4 episodes), as Israeli Prime Minister Efraim 'Eli' Zahavy
 The Dust Factory (2004), as Grandpa Randolph
 Local Color (2006), as Nicholi Seroff
  (2006), as Karl Winter
 Eastern Promises (2007), as Semyon
 Buddenbrooks (2008), as Johann 'Jean' Buddenbrook
 The International (2009), as Wilhelm Wexler
 Angels & Demons (2009), as Cardinal Strauss
 Attack on Leningrad (2009), as Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb
 Knight of Cups (2015), as Fr. Zeitlinger

Awards
 Berlin Film Festival
 Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival
 Berlinale Camera at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival
 Honorary Golden Bear at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival
Lifetime Achievement Award of Zurich Film Festival (2015)
 Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role (2007)
 Honorary citizen of Sovetsk (2011)

See also
 List of German-speaking Academy Award winners and nominees

References

External links

1930 births
Living people
People from Tilsit
Actors from East Prussia
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors
German male film actors
German male television actors
German film directors
German male violinists
East German emigrants to West Germany
Members of the Order of Merit of North Rhine-Westphalia
Honorary Golden Bear recipients
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Art Prize of the German Democratic Republic
Silver Bear for Best Actor winners
Best Supporting Actor AACTA Award winners
Best Supporting Actor Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
German Film Award winners

Armin Mueller-Stahl


ثنائي المعدن  هو عبارة عن معدنين مختلفين متصلين ببعضهما البعض على شكل طبقتين. وهو خلاف السبيكة التي يتم فيها خلط المعادن المختلفة ببعضها.

تستخدم فكرة ثنائي المعدن في استغلال التغير في درجات الحرارة لتحويلها إلى حركة ميكانيكية. حيث أن المعدنين المختلفين يكون لهما معامل تمدد حراري مختلف، عند ارتفاع درجة الحرارة يبدأ المعدن ذو معامل التمدد الحراري الأقل في التمدد ولكن نطاق تمدده محدود لارتباطه بالمعدن ذي معامل التمدد الحراري الأعلى فيبدأ بالانحناء، وعند انخفاض درجة الحرارة إلى الوضع الطبيعي يعود إلى وضعه الأصلي. يمكن استخدام هذه الآلية كمحرار لقياس درجة الحرارة وكمنظم للحرارة في الثلاجات وغيرها.

الاستخدامات
يدخل في صناعات عديدة ومنها:
 ميزان الحرارة Bimetallic Thermometers أو ما يعرف بميزان الترمومتر ثنائي المعدن.

انظر ايضًا
 (مزدوج معدني- Bi-metal)

مراجع

اختراعات إنجليزية
تحويل طاقة
تدفئة وتكييف
مزدوج معدني
مقياس حرارة
هندسة الميكانيك

ثنائي المعدن


Miguel Márquez Márquez (Purísima del Rincón, Guanajuato; 11 de noviembre de 1968) es un político mexicano, miembro del Partido Acción Nacional. Gobernador de Guanajuato entre 2012 y 2018.

Formación académica
Miguel Márquez Márquez estudió la licenciatura en Filosofía, por el Seminario Conciliar de León, Guanajuato, y licenciatura en Derecho, por la Universidad de La Salle Bajío; maestría en Derecho Constitucional y Amparo, por la Universidad Iberoamericana León, y un posgrado en Derecho Constitucional, por la Universidad de Salamanca, España.

Trayectoria profesional
En 1997, Márquez Márquez se convierte en diputado local durante la LVII Legislatura Local. Como diputado por el Distrito X en Guanajuato, se desempeñó como titular de la Comisión del Deporte y Atención a la Juventud, fue miembro de las comisiones de Derechos Humanos, de Fomento Agropecuario, de Desarrollo Económico, de Gobernación y Puntos Constitucionales.

De 2000 a 2003, fue Presidente Municipal de Purísima del Rincón; integrante del Consejo Estatal de Cultura en Guanajuato y miembro del Consejo Regional III Centro – Oeste de Desarrollo Social.

Un año después de finalizar su gobierno, en el 2004, fue nombrado Director General del Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia en Guanajuato, DIF estatal.

Dentro del PAN se desempeñó, a partir de 2005, como Secretario General del Comité Directivo Estatal de Guanajuato, desde donde colaboró en el triunfo del partido en 2006, donde se consiguieron 36 municipios, de 46 que conforman el estado, 14 diputaciones federales y las 22 diputaciones locales.

Fue designado Secretario de la Gestión Pública en la entidad de Guanajuato, cargo en el que se mantuvo hasta 2010 y compaginó con la Coordinación Nacional de la Comisión Permanente de Contralores Estados-Federación (CPCE-F), siendo el primer panista en ocupar ese cargo.

En 2010 es nombrado Secretario de Desarrollo Social y Humano en el Gobierno Estatal.
En 2010 se incorpora a la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social y Humano en el Gobierno Estatal.

Un año después de su ingreso a Desarrollo Social y Humano, Márquez Márquez decide entregar su renuncia al Gobernador Juan Manuel Oliva Ramírez, quedando en el cargo Artemio Torres Gómez. Teniendo el respaldo del Gobernador, decide contender por la candidatura pese a la disputa estatal por el control del partido entre partidarios del Presidente Felipe Calderón Hinojosa y los Olivistas.

Partido Acción Nacional
Proveniente de una familia panista, Márquez Márquez se ha mantenido cercano a las actividades de su partido, mezclando sus funciones de servicio público con la consejería nacional y estatal del PAN.

Véase también
 Elecciones estatales de Guanajuato de 2012
 Elecciones estatales de Guanajuato de 2000

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Periódico Milenio. Miguel Márquez dio el Grito con migrantes

Nacidos en Purísima del Rincón
Gobernadores de Guanajuato
Miembros del PAN de Guanajuato
Presidentes municipales de Purísima del Rincón
Abogados de Guanajuato
Políticos de Guanajuato
Alumnado de la Universidad La Salle (México)
Alumnado de la Universidad de Salamanca en el siglo XX
Alumnado de la Universidad Iberoamericana León

Miguel Márquez Márquez


(, abbreviated as , ) is one of Yatsuhashi Kengyō's (1614–1685) famous pieces.  It was originally a  (), a kind of chamber music with the koto playing the leading part, but nowadays the part of the koto is more widely known than the original.  The music is made from six columns, hence the name, and there are exactly fifty-two beats in each column, except for the first row, which has four beats more.  Each column first begins slowly, and then gets faster and faster, but slows down to the original tempo at the end.  Along with the  (, an abbreviation of ), it is one of the most popular .

External links
  (Yatsuhashi Kengyō)
 The Insen scale used in Rokudan

Japanese traditional music
17th-century songs

Rokudan no shirabe


Boole cebiri değişkenlerin değerinin doğru ve yanlış olabildiği bir cebir altkoludur. Doğru ve yanlış değerleri genelde sırasıyla 1 ve 0 olarak ifade edilir. Değişken değerlerinin sayı, işlemlerin ise toplama ve çarpma olduğu temel cebrin aksine Boole cebrinde ∧ işareti ile ifade edilen "ve", ∨ işareti ile ifade edilen "veya",  ¬ ile ifade edilen "değil" işlemleri bulunur.

Boole cebri ismini George Boole'den alır ve bu ismin ilk kez 1913 yılında Sheffer tarafından önerildiği iddia edilmektedir.

Sayısal devrelerin analiz ve tasarımı boole cebrini temel alır. Bu sistemde yer alan "1" ve "0", sırasıyla açık (İngilizcesi: ON) ve kapalı (İngilizcesi: OFF) devrelerle eş anlamlıdır. Sayısal bilgisayar devreleri uygulamasında, ikili değişkenler üzerinde tanımlanan sayısal operasyonları gösterir.

Postulatlar
Boolean cebri 10 temel postulata dayanır. 0 ve 1 sayıları nedeniyle her postulat çift olarak ifade edilir. Postulatların 0 ve 1 karakterlerini kapsaması nedeniyle bunların açıklaması genellikle kapalı ve açık elektrik devreleri ile yapılır.
 Postulat 1: 0.0=0
 Postulat 2: 0.1=0
 Postulat 3: 1.0=0
 Postulat 4: 1.1=1
 Postulat 5: 0'=1
 Postulat 6: 1+1=1
 Postulat 7: 0+1=1
 Postulat 8: 1+0=1
 Postulat 9: 0+0=0
 Postulat 10: 1'=0

Teoremler
Boolean Cebri, 10 teoremden oluşur.

Değişme Kuralı
 A+B=B+A
 A.B=B.A

Birleşme Kuralı
 A+B+C=(A+B)+C=A+(B+C)
 A.B.C=(A.B).C=A.(B.C)

Aynı Kuvvet Kuralı(özdeşlik kanunu)
 A.A=A
 A+A=A
0+0=0
0.0=0
1.1=1

ve (and) kanunu
A.1=A

A.0=0

veya (or) kanunu
A+1=1

A+0=A

Etkisiz Eleman Kuralı
 A.1=A
 A+0=A

Tamamlayıcı Kural
 A.A'=0
 A'+A=1

Yutma Kuralı
 A.(A+B)=A
 A + AB =A

Dağılma Kuralı
 A(B+C)=AB+AC
 A+B.C=(A+B)(A+C)

Çift Tersleme Kuralı ( Tersin Tersi )
 (A')'=A
 [(A+B)']'=A+B

De Morgan Kuralı
 (A.B)'=A'+B'
 (A+B)'=A'.B'

Semboller
Sayısal olarak bir değişken veya fonksiyon iki değer alabilir. Bu değerler 1 veya 0 olacaktır. Değişkenlerin veya fonksiyonların aldığı bu değerler sayısal devrelerde eğer "1" ise YÜKSEK gerilim seviyesi, "0" ise ALÇAK gerilim seviyesini gösterecektir.

Değil veya tümleyen (komplement), boolean matematiğinde değişkenin üzerine çizilen bir çizgi ile gösterilir. Örneğin A' ifadesi " A' nın değili veya A'nın komplementi" şeklinde okunur. Eğer A=1 ise A'=0, A=0 ise A' =1 olur. Tümleyen(komplement) veya değil için A' şeklinde yazım kullanılabilir.

A ve B girişlere uygulanan iki değişkeni gösterirse VE fonksiyonu Boolean ifadesi
olarak 'A.B' şeklinde yazılırken, VEYA fonksiyonu için 'A+B' eklinde yazılacaktır.

Elektronik mantık kapıları

Diyotla yapılan AND ve OR kapıları

Şekil 1.13a 'da diyotlarla AND lojiğinin elde edilmesi görülmektedir. Şekil 1.13d 'de görüldüğü gibi A ve B girişlerinin biri 0 volt (şase) yapılacak olursa, devre akımı doğru polarmalanmış diyot üzerinden ok yönünde devresini tamamlayacağından çıkış gerilimi C, 0 volt olur.

A ve B girişleri +5V yapıldığında diyotlar ters polarmalandığından yalıtkan olacak ve 5V 'luk gerilim şekil 1.13e 'de görüldüğü gibi C çıkışında görülecektir. Bu durum bize AND işlemini verir, yani A ve B girişi 1 olduğunda çıkış 1 olur. Girişlerden biri 0 olduğunda çıkış 0 olur. Bu işlemin doğruluk tabloları gerilim olarak şekil 1.13d 'de, lojik olarak şekil 1.13e 'de görülmektedir.

 A	B	C
 0V	0V	0V
 0V	+5V	0V
 +5V	0V	0V
 +5V	+5V	+5V
-d-

 A	B	C
 0	0	0
 0	1	0
 1	0	0
 1	1	1
-e-
 0V	=   Lojik 0
 +5V	= Lojik 1

Şekil 1.14a 'da diyotlarla OR Lojiğinin elde edilmesi görülmektedir. Şekil 1.14b 'de görüldüğü gibi A ve B girişlerinden biri +5V yapılacak olursa girişe verilen uca bağlı diyot iletken olacağından +5V C çıkışında görülür. A ve B girişleri aynı anda 0V yapılırsa her iki diyotta yalıtkan olacağından C çıkışıda 0V olacaktır. Şekil1.4c 'de gerilim olarak, şekil1.14d 'de ise lojik olarak OR işleminin doğruluk tabloları görülmektedir.

 A	B	C
 0V	0V	0V
 0V	+5V	+5V
 +5V	0V	+5V
 +5V	+5V	+5V
-c-

 A	B	C
 0	0	0
 0	1	1
 1	0	1
 1	1	1
-d-
 0V = Lojik 0
 +2,4 - +5V = Lojik 1

a) Ve (And) kapısı
Ve kapısı iki veya daha fazla giriş ve bir adette çıkış ucuna sahiptir. Bu giriş uçlarına uygulanan 1 veya 0 kodlarına göre çıkışta değişiklikler görülür. Ve kapısının tüm girişleri 1 olduğunda çıkış 1, herhangi bir ucu 0 olduğunda ise çıkış 0'dır. Kapı hesaplarındaki formülü Q (Çıkış (C)) = A . B dir. Aşağıda Ve kapısının sembolü ve iç yapısı görülmektedir.

b) Ve Değil (Nand) kapısı
Değil mantığı tüm kapılarda vardır. Bu kapılar normal kapıların çıkış uçlarına değil kapısı eklenerek elde edilirler. Yani Ve kapısının çıkış ucu 1 olduğu durumlarda Ve Değil kapısının çıkışı 0, 0 olduğu durumlarda ise 1'dir. Kapı hesaplarındaki formülü Q (Çıkış (C)) = (A . B)' dir. Üst tırnak işareti, değili (tersi) manasına gelmektedir. Formülün sonucu 1 ise 0, 0 ise de 1 'dir. Aşağıda Ve Değil kapısının sembolü ve iç yapısı görülmektedir.

c) Veya (Or) kapısı
Veya kapısı da iki veya daha fazla giriş, bir adette çıkış ucuna sahiptir. Giriş uçlarından herhangi birisinin 1 olması durumunda çıkış 1, diğer durumlarda da çıkış 0'dır. Yani Ve kapısının tersi mantığında çalışır. Kapı hesaplarındaki formülü Q (Çıkış (C)) = A + B dir.

d) Veya Değil (Nor) kapısı
Veya Değil kapısı da yine Veya kapısının çıkış ucuna Değil eklenerek elde edilmiştir. Veya Değil kapısının çıkış durumları Veya kapısının çıkış durumlarının tam tersidir. Kapı hesaplarındaki formülü Q (Çıkış (C)) = (A + B)' dir.

e) Özel Veya kapısı
İsminin Özel Veya kapısı olmasına rağmen Veya kapısı ile hiçbir alakası yoktur. Özel Veya kapısının girişleri aynı olduğunda çıkış 0, girişleri farklı olduğunda ise çıkış 1 'dir. Yani girişler 1 0 ya da 0 1 iken çıkış 1, girişler 0 0 ya da 1 1 iken de çıkış 0 'dır. Hesaplardaki formülü ise Q = A Å B dir.

f) Özel Veya Değil kapısı
Özel Veya Değil kapısı da Özel Veya Kapısının Çıkışına Değil eklenmiş halidir. Giriş uçları aynı iken çıkış 1, giriş uçları farklı iken de çıkış 0 'dır. Hesaplamalardaki formülü Q = (A Å B)' dir.

g) Değil kapısı
Değil Kapısı bir giriş ve bir de çıkış ucuna sahiptir. Girişine gelen Binary kodu tersleyerek çıkışına iletir. Yani giriş 1 iken çıkış 0, giriş 0 iken çıkış 1 'dir. Hesaplamalardaki formülü Q = A' şeklindedir. Aşağıda Değil kapısının sembolü ve iç yapısı görülmektedir.

Boolean matematiği tamamen 1 ve 0 üzerine kurulu bir matematiktir. Bu 1 ve 0, düşük - yüksek, var - yok, olumlu - olumsuz, gibi terimlere benzetilebilir. Boolean matematiğinde, (') işareti tersi, (.) işareti Ve, (+) işareti Veya, (Å) işareti de özel veya manasına gelmektedir.

Cebirsel yapılar

Boole cebiri


Veríssimo Correia Seabra (Bisáu, 17 de febrero de 1947 – íb. 6 de octubre de 2004) fue un militar de Guinea-Bisáu, conocido por liderar el golpe de Estado que depuso a Kumba Ialá el
14 de septiembre de 2003.

Biografía
Correia Seabra nació en Bisáu el 17 de febrero de 1947, siendo perteneciente al grupo étnico minoritario de los papel. Su padre era caboverdiano y su madre pertenecía a la etnia manjaco.

En 1963, a los 16 años, Correia Seabra adhirió al Partido Africano para la Independencia de Guinea y Cabo Verde (PAIGC) como guerrilleiro para luchar contra el dominio colonial portugués. Tres años más tarde, fue enviado para Bulgaria para estudiar ingeniería electrónica. En 1971 frecuentó una escuela de artillería en la Unión Soviética.

Al volver a Guinea-Bisáu durante la guerra por la independencia, pasó a ser responsable de una unidad de artillería cercana a la frontera con Guinea. En 1976, fue enviado a Portugal para su entrenamiento como oficial. Se desempeñó como jefe adjunto del contingente militar de Guinea-Bisáu de la misión de las Naciones Unidas en Angola de 1991 a 1992.

Correia Seabra se unió al general Ansumane Mané en el levantamiento de 1998 contra el régimen de João Bernardo Vieira. La nación se sumió en una breve pero sangrienta guerra civil . Volvió a estar involucrado en un golpe militar de mayo de 1999 que obligó al presidente Vieira a dejar el poder. Poco tiempo después, se convirtió en jefe de Estado Mayor de las Fuerzas Armadas y fue nombrado Ministro de Defensa en el gobierno nombrado el 19 de febrero de 2000, bajo la presidencia de Kumba Ialá.  En noviembre de 2000, Mané intentó reemplazar a Correia Seabra como jefe de personal y lo puso bajo arresto domiciliario, pero Correia Seabra escapó y estalló la lucha; Mané murió en un enfrentamiento con las fuerzas gubernamentales una semana después. Correia Seabra se mantuvo en su puesto.

En medio de gran inestabilidad política en su país, lleva a cabo un golpe de Estado, y logra proclamarse Presidente de Guinea-Bisáu, permaneciendo brevemente en el poder, cuando se designa como presidente a Henrique Rosa para una "transición democrática".

Fue asesinado, junto con el Teniente Coronel Domingos Barros, en la madrugada del 6 de octubre de 2004 durante un motín militar llevado a cabo por soldados sublevados,el cual se tornó violento.

El entonces presidente Portugués Jorge Sampaio condenó el asesinato, y lo calificó como una violación de la legalidad en el país.

Referencias

Presidentes de Guinea-Bisáu
Personas de Bisáu
Asesinatos en Guinea-Bisáu
Guineanos de Guinea-Bisáu del siglo XX
Guineanos de Guinea-Bisáu del siglo XXI
Gobernantes que tomaron el poder por un golpe de Estado
Militares de Guinea-Bisáu

Veríssimo Correia Seabra


Hanukiya, Musevilikte Hanuka Bayramı'nda yakılan Menora'ya benzeyen fakat fazladan iki kolu daha olan 9 kollu şamdan.

Tarihçe

M.Ö. 169-166 yılları arasında Yahudi Makabiler Helenler'e karşı savaşırlar. İskender öldükten sonra M.Ö. 175 yılında Suriye Genel Valisi Antiohus Epiphanes hükümdar olur. Yahudi karşıtı düşünceleriyle bilinen bu hükümdar, Yahudilerin dini ibadetlerini, Kaşer ve Sünnet kurallarını yasaklar ve Yahudilerin tapınağına heykeller yerleştirir.

Makabiler'in Tapınağı ele geçirmesinden sonra tapınak heykellerden temizlenir ve tapınakta bulunan menora'yı yakmak için yağ aranır ancak sadece bir gün yanacak kadar saf zeytin yağı bulunur bunun üzerine bir mucize olur ve bir gün yanması gereken yağ 8 gün boyunca sönmeden yanar.

İşte bu Mucizenin anısına Yahudiler her sene Hanuka bayramından 8 gün boyunca hanukiya yakarlar.

Hanukiya
Hanukiya Menora'ya benzeyen 9 kollu bir şamdandır bu şamdanın en ortadaki koluna Şamaş adı verilir bu diğerlerinden daha yüksektedir. Bu mum Hanuka boyunca her gün yanar.

Hanukiya'nın yakılışı

Hanukiya her gün özel bir dua ile evin bütün fertleri tarafından yakılır. İlk gün 1 mum ve Şamaş olmak üzere 2 mum, 2. gün 2 mum ve Şamaş olmak üzere 3 mum, 3. gün 3 mum ve Şamaş olmak üzere 4 mum ... 8. gün 8 mum ve Şamaş olmak üzere 9 mum yakılır. Böylece bir Hanuka boyunca toplam 44 mum yakılmış olur.

Hanukiya kuralları
 Hanukiya yakıldıktan sonra mumlar bitene kadar söndürülmez.
 Hanukiya en az yarım saat yanmalıdır ancak Cuma geceleri güneş batmadan yarım saat önce yakılması gerektiğinden cumaları en az bir saat yanmalıdır.
 Yanar haldeki bir Hanukiya hareket ettirilmez.
 Yanan bir hanukiyanın ışığından istifade edilmez bu yüzden odada başka bir ışık açık bırakılmalıdır.
 Hanukiyanın bir kandilini yakmak için diğer kandilden yararlanılmaz.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Menora

Yahudilik
Hanuka

Menora (Hanuka)


Iréné Merentier, est un joueur de pétanque français.

Biographie

Clubs

 ?-? : La Petite Vitesse Aix-en-Provence (Bouches-du-Rhône)

Palmarès

Séniors

Championnats du Monde
 Troisième
 Triplette 1972 (avec Etienne Musso et Robert Méléro) :  Équipe de France 2

Championnats de France
 Finaliste
 Triplette 1971 (avec Etienne Musso et Robert Méléro) : La Petite Vitesse Aix-en-Provence

Références

Liens externes

Joueur français de pétanque
Lieu de naissance inconnu
Article à illustrer Pétanque

Iréné Merentier


El arce de hoja de parra (Acer cissifolium) es un arce nativo de Japón, desde el sur de Hokkaido al sur de Honshu y Shikoku a través de Kyushu.

Descripción
Es un árbol caducifolio pequeño o arbusto grande con un crecimiento de 5 a 10 m (raramente 15 m) de altura, con corteza lisa de color gris. Los brotes jóvenes son de color verde, a menudo teñidos de color rosa, peludos, al principio con pelos blanquecinos, convirtiéndose en grises en el segundo año. Las hojas son trifoliadas, con un pecíolo de color rojo muy delgados de hasta 10 cm de largo, los tres pétalos son de 4 a 10 cm de largo y 2 a 4 cm de ancho, con peciólulos de 1 a 2 cm, y gruesos márgenes aserrados. Son verde mate por encima, más pálido y ligeramente brillante por debajo, y se pone amarillo pálido a rosa en el otoño. Las flores se producen en racimos colgantes de 10 a 16 cm de largo, cada flor con cuatro pétalos y sépalos, es dioica con flores masculinas y femeninas en árboles separados. El fruto es una par de sámaras, las núculas son de 7 mm de largo, las alas de 15 a 25 mm de largo, extendiéndose en un ángulo agudo.

Taxonomía
Acer cissifolium fue descrita por Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini y publicado en Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi. Amsterdam 1 - 252, en el año 1864.
Etimología
Acer: nombre genérico que procede del latín ǎcěr, -ĕris = (afilado), referido a las puntas características de las hojas o a la dureza de la madera que, supuestamente, se utilizaría para fabricar lanzas. Ya citado en, entre otros, Plinio el Viejo, 16, XXVI/XXVII, refiriéndose a unas cuantas especies de Arce.

cissifolium: epíteto latíno que se refiere a la semejanza de sus hojas con las del Cissus, un género en la familia vitaceae.
Sinonimia

 Crula cissifolia Nieuwl.
 Negundo cissifolium Siebold & Zucc.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Alan Mitchell: Die Wald- und Parkbäume Europas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch für Dendrologen und Naturfreunde. Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin 1975,  (übers. u. bearb. von Gerd Krüssmann).
 Helmut Pirc: Ahorne. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, , S. 126.

Enlaces externos

cissifolium
Flora de Japón

Acer cissifolium