Nottingham High School is a private fee-charging day school for boys and girls in Nottingham, England, with an infant and junior School (ages 4–11) and senior school (ages 11–18). There were 1177 students enrolled as at January 2022, of whom 262 were in the sixth form, studying for advanced certificate examinations.

History

Foundation

In 1513, the "Free School" was founded by Dame Agnes Mellers, after the death of her husband Richard, partly in his memory, but also as atonement for wrongdoings against the people of Nottingham. To do so she enlisted help from Sir Thomas Lovell as governor of Nottingham Castle and Secretary to the Treasury. Through their combined efforts, king Henry VIII sealed the school's foundation deed on the 22 November that year. It is unclear whether this was a new institution or an endowment of an existing school, of which records exist back to 1289. Almost 20,000 boys are estimated to have attended between 1513 and 2013.

In the foundation deed, Mellers provided for a commemoration service in St Mary's Church in the Lace Market "on the Feast of the Translation of St Richard of Chichester, namely 16 June" each year, although the service "is now held on the nearest Saturday to that date." With the exception of Nottingham Goose Fair, this is the most ancient ceremonial event still held in the city of Nottingham, and the oldest still largely in its original form (the Goose Fair now being a funfair rather than a livestock fair), although there seems to be no record of it being held between the mid-16th century and its revival in 1923. The formal procession seeks to symbolise the ancient links the school has with the Crown, the city and the church. The foundation deed also provides for distributing (out of a total sum of 20 shillings) certain monies to the lord mayor of Nottingham, vicar and others. and for the purchase of bread, cheese and ale for consumption by officials attending the service. Any balance remaining is required to be given to the poorest scholar, but now is given to a representative scholar of the school.

Coat of arms
The College of Arms granted the school a coat of arms in 1949, the full blazon being:

The motto, Lauda finem, is Latin for "praise [to] the end".

The arms incorporate those of the founder: the arms of the Mellers family were three blackbirds (or merles – an example of canting arms) – on a white field; Dame Agnes, being a woman, would have displayed them on a lozenge, not a shield. In 2007 the school unofficially introduced a new logo for more general use, a modified version of the shield that omits the lozenge and ermine field.

Remembrance Day service

An annual Remembrance Day service on 11 November is attended by the whole school with the headmaster, president of the Old Nottinghamians and the school captain placing wreaths at the war memorial. Scholars attend a morning special assembly usually in the Player Hall, at which a minute's silence is observed. Representatives of the school's Combined Cadet Force mark their respect with a parade around the main school building.

Premises

Location
Since 1868 the school has stood high on Waverley Mount to the north of the city centre, looking down towards its foundation site in St Mary's Church and continuance in Stoney Street. The present site has undergone a long programme of building and development.

Main building

An example of Gothic Revival architecture, the original school building on the present site, built between 1866 and 1867, was designed by Thomas Simpson. It consists of a tower and three wings: West Wing, Middle Corridor and East Wing. West Wing houses classrooms for mathematics, English and geography. Housed in Middle Corridor are the learning support department, two ICT centres, two language laboratories, religious studies classrooms, two multi-purpose lecture theatres, the library and staff offices. East Wing contains the old gymnasium, the Player assembly hall and classrooms for modern languages, history and classics. The school front and other features are Grade II listed.

Tower
Overlooking the city centre is the school tower, used as a staff office. A school standard and the Union Flag are raised on it on special occasions such as Founder's Day and the official birthday, and as remembrance should a member of the school staff have died.

Additions
To the west, the Founder Hall building was built in 1963 to mark the school's 450th anniversary. It includes the school's swimming pool and the Founder Hall itself, and acts as a performing venue to supplement the Player Hall. A drama studio was added in 2013 to mark the school's 500th anniversary.

The Simon Djanogly Science Building from 1984 is situated to the south west with 13 laboratories for all three sciences. A 25-yard CCF shooting range remains in the basement. The building was opened on 2 March 1984 by the Duke of Edinburgh.

In front of the science building is the music school, completed in 1997. This houses the Lady Carol Djanogly Recital Hall, the Jones Trust Music Room, a music technology studio, a resources centre, seven instrumental teaching rooms and a larger brass teaching room, a percussion studio and a classroom for Infant and Junior School pupils.

In 1989 a sports hall was built on land to the north-east of the site formerly occupied by fives court and a shooting range. It contains an multi-purpose exercise hall and a fitness room for older pupils.

In the north-west corner is the Sir Harry Djanogly Art, Design and Technology Centre. The ground floor was built in the mid-1990s and a first floor added in the 2003/2004 academic year to accommodate modern facilities for the Art Department.

A new dining hall and sixth form centre were constructed in the West Quad in 2009.

Lovell House Building
Waverley House School to the west of the main site was purchased in 2008. The site was refurbished and renamed the Lovell House Infant School. In 2013, this single-sex establishment was combined with the Junior School to form Nottingham High Infant and Junior School.

Playing field
The school's games field is not on the main site but at Valley Road, approximately  to the north. Historically farmland from as early as 1878, namely Harvey's Farm; then briefly Hucknall Road Farm in 1920, it was converted to use as a playing field around 1960. It features a number of rugby pitches and posts during winter, which are converted for athletics in the spring, with a running track and areas for shot put, javelin, discus, pole vault, hurdles and high jump. During the summer, the ground is used for cricket, with nets and squares created for the season. Tennis courts, netball courts and an archery range are also located there. The pavilion has several changing rooms on the ground and first floors, and a refreshment area for staff and guests. Until 1897, pupils took their PE and games lessons at the Forest Recreation Ground.

School organisation
The junior and senior schools both have four houses, each named after a person connected with the school. The house system plays an integral role in school life. House tutors provide pastoral care and support.

Junior school houses
The junior school's four houses are named after former pupils or staff who served with distinction in the First World War and were killed in action or died of their wounds. Ball's House recalls Albert Ball, a fighter pilot in the RFC and pupil at the school in 1907–1909, Hardy's House Theodore Hardy, an assistant master in 1891–1907 and a British Army chaplain in 1916–1918, Tonkin's House FC Tonkin, a former pupil who served in the King's Royal Rifle Corps, and Trease's House Reginald Trease, a pupil at the school in 1898–1905. The houses compete annually for a General Efficiency Cup donated in 1927 by William Crane.

Senior school houses
The four houses in the senior school are Mellers', named after the school's founder, Cooper's, named after Frederick Cooper, an artist who in 1872 donated almost  of land to the school, Maples', named after Samuel Maples, a former pupil who bequeathed £3,000 to fund scholarships in 1892, and White's, after Sir Thomas White, who endowed a charity to provide interest-free loans to "young men of good name and thrift" in the Midlands, some money from which was lent to the school in slightly questionable circumstances in the mid-19th century).

Wheeler Cup
Houses compete for the Wheeler Cup, which is awarded on the cumulative performance in competitions throughout the school year. These cover athletics, chess, hockey, cross country, rugby, bridge, shooting, swimming, cricket, general knowledge, verse recitation, singing, and individual music.

Curriculum
Nottingham High School offers a wide range of GCSE, Advanced Subsidiary-Level (AS-level) and General Certificate of Education Advanced-Level (GCE A-level) subjects. Many are also studied by younger pupils at the school in years seven and nine.

Sixth-form subjects include Ancient Greek, art, biology, chemistry, classical civilization, computer science, design and technology, drama, economics, English language, English literature, Extended Project Qualification (EPQ), French, further mathematics, geography, government and politics, German, history, Latin, mathematics, music, music technology, physical education, physics, psychology, religious studies, statistics, and Spanish.

All sixth-form students were expected to undertake the EPQ from 2010, but for students entering sixth form from 2019 it is optional.

Uniform
In years 7 to 11, the uniform consists of a black blazer with a badge bearing the arms of Dame Agnes Mellers (displayed on a lozenge), black trousers or a black skirt, a white or grey shirt, black leather shoes, a house tie, and black, grey or navy blue socks. It is also possible to wear a jumper under the blazer. This is black with the school crest on the right chest. For those who have represented the school in sport, it may be black and bear the school coat of arms.

In the sixth form, students wear a black, grey or navy blue suit with a shirt of any colour but black.

Ties are a feature of the school uniform and used to signify pupils' status within the school.

Special ties include:
Foundation – A black tie bearing a red squirrel holding a ducal coronet (the crest from the school's coat of arms), presented on Founder's Day to pupils who have performed well in public examinations (at least ten grade As at GCSE or three As at A-Level), and to teachers on completing ten years' service
Lovell Order – Black, bearing the arms of Sir Thomas Lovell, for those who have performed a special service, such as librarians, the choir, orchestra and band secretaries, society officials and the stage staff, and teachers completing twenty years' service
Sports Colours – White with narrow diagonal black and yellow stripes, for high sporting achievement, such as first-team level (usually for sports, and occasionally chess, bridge and general knowledge teams)
Music Colours – Similar to sports colours, first awarded in 2007 to mark outstanding contributions to school music
Third XV – Black with orange stripes to members of the school rugby third XV
Prefects – no longer awarded
Officers – Black with red stripes, bordered by white bands with the school coat-of-arms at top, presented since 2005 to Officers of the School (School Captain, School Vice-Captains and House Captains)
Quincentenary – Black with diagonal stripes and school coat-of-arms, designed by Young Enterprise Team Sterling, sold to pupils and Old Nottinghamians to mark the 500th anniversary of the School

Fees
The school charges admission fees. About a tenth of pupils are supported by bursaries or scholarships giving a reduction of between 10 and 100 per cent, depending on family income.

Media
Some of a 1990 episode of the TV series "Boon", starring Michael Elphick, was filmed at the school, with some pupils as extras. The story was entitled "Bully Boys", the sixth episode of the fifth series, broadcast on 30 October 1990. The main playground, the Bridge Library (now the library reception), and the Valley Road playing fields were shown.

Kevin Fear (the school's current headmaster) and certain boys, were filmed by ITV for a news story shown as part of the news programme "ITV News Central". Filming took place at several school locations, including the headmaster's office, various classrooms and the Lower School Library. The news was that the school had announced it would admit girls – for the first time in its 500-year history – from 2015/2016.

List of masters

* Resigned or retired
† Died in office
‡ Never assumed post

Brian Garnet (headmaster 1565 – c. 1575) is notable as the father of the Jesuit priest Henry Garnet, who was executed for his involvement in the Gunpowder Plot.

Notable alumni

All former pupils and staff members are granted the title "Old Nottinghamian". For more than a century, the Old Nottinghamians' Society has existed continuously, with its origins dating back to 1897, at which time it was called the NHS Dinner Committee. Between 1902 and 1961 it was known as the Nottingham High School Old Boys' Society.

Arts

Michael Eaton (b. 1954), writer
Christopher Hogwood (1941–2014), classical musician, harpsichordist, scholar and conductor
Thomas Cecil Howitt (1889–1968), architect responsible for the design of the Nottingham Council House
D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930), writer and publisher
Nicholas McGegan (b. 1950), classical musician, conductor
Geoffrey Trease (1909–1998), author

Academia and religion
Eric Abbott (1906–1984), Warden of Keble College, Oxford; Dean of Westminster
Michael Argyle (1925-2002) social psychologist
Samuel Ayscough (1745–1804), index compiler
Ben G. Davis (b. 1970), chemist and fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford
Henry Garnet (1555–1606), Jesuit priest executed 1606 for his complicity in the Gunpowder Plot
John K. Inglis (died 2011), biologist, writer and lecturer
Frank Byron Jevons (1858–1936), Vice-Chancellor of the University of Durham
Robert Mcfarlane (b. 1976), travel writer and fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge

Victor Mundella (1866–1939), Physicist and Principal of Sunderland Technical College
Thomas Wingate Todd (1885–1938), anthropologist, orthodontist
R. M. W. Dixon (b. 1939), linguist

Armed forces
Albert Ball (1896–1917), the first Royal Flying Corps to be awarded the Victoria Cross
Theodore Hardy (1863–1918), NHS schoolmaster, non-combatant chaplain in the Great War, awarded the Victoria Cross

Media and entertainment
Kenneth Adam (1908–1978), Controller of the BBC
Malcolm Balen (living), author and broadcaster
Raymond Buckland (1934–2017), author and occultist
Michael Bywater (b. 1953), writer and broadcaster
Jonathan Charles (b.1964), BBC Foreign Correspondent
Leslie Crowther (1933–1996), comedian and quiz show host
Trevor Dann (b. 1951), broadcaster and producer of the 1985 Live Aid concert
David Leigh (b. 1946), investigative journalist and investigative executive editor for The Guardian
Arun Maini (b. 1995), technology YouTuber 'Mrwhosetheboss'
Keith Mansfield (b. 1965), writer

Simon Miller (living), writer/director
Chris Moncrieff (1931–2019), Press Association political journalist
 Andrew Nickolds (1949–2022), writer

Tim Royes (1964–2007), music video director and editor
Daniel Storey (living), writer and broadcaster
Jonny Sweet (b. 1985), comedian and actor
Michael Watts (1938–2018), journalist and broadcaster

Civil and diplomatic service
Alan Charlton (b. 1952), British ambassador to Brazil
Peter Gregson (1936–2015), permanent secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry
Richard Lloyd-Jones (b. 1933), permanent secretary of the Welsh Office
Lord Richardson of Duntisborne, governor of the Bank of England from 1973 until 1983

Douglas Wass (1923–2017), sometime permanent secretary of the Treasury and Head of the Home Civil Service
Geoffrey Owen Whittaker (1932–2015), governor of Anguilla 1987–1989

Commerce
Jesse Boot later Lord Trent (1850–1931), founder of the chemist chain Boots (now the Boots Group)
Roger Carr (b. 1946), knight, businessman
John Player (d. 1884), tobacconist (John Player & Sons), after whom the school's Player Hall is named

Law
Sir Roderic Wood (b. 1951), High Court judge

Politics
Ed Balls (born 1967), former Labour MP, secretary of state for children, schools and families, economic secretary to the treasury and shadow chancellor of the exchequer
Jonathan Bullock (born 1963), former Brexit Party member of the European Parliament for the East Midlands constituency
Kenneth Clarke (born 1940), independent Member of Parliament, former Conservative Lord Chancellor and justice secretary, chancellor of the exchequer and home secretary
Ed Davey (born 1965), MP, Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament, minister in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and leader of the Liberal Democrats
David Frost (b. 1965), British politician, diplomat and civil servant
Geoff Hoon (born 1953), former Member of Parliament, transport secretary, minister of state for Europe, secretary of state for defence and leader of the House of Commons
Sir James Lester (1932–2021), Conservative politician
Piers Merchant (1951–2009), former Conservative Member of Parliament and former general secretary of UKIP
James Morris (born 1967), MP, Conservative Member of Parliament

Science and technology
Ben G. Davis (b. 1970), University of Oxford
Thomas Hawksley (1807–1893), civil engineer and chief engineer at the Nottingham Waterworks Company
J. P. Knight (1828–1886), inventor of the traffic light
Frank Nabarro (1916–2006), solid-state physicist

Sport
Patrick Bamford (b. 1993), footballer
Charles Caborn (b. 1856, death date unknown), footballer for Nottingham Forest who appeared in their first FA Cup match.
Anuj Dal (b. 1996), professional cricketer
Anthony Douglas (b. 1985), Olympic short track speed skater
Graham Harding (b. 1966), cricketer
David Haywood (b. 1945), cricketer
Sam King (b. 2003), professional cricketer
Alex Lewington (b. 1991), rugby union player
Leonard Lindley (1861–1915), footballer and cricketer, brother of Tinsley
Tinsley Lindley (1865–1940), international footballer and cricketer, brother of Leonard
 Mark Saxelby b 1969 d. 2000 professional cricketer (outstanding rugby union player)
Henry Nwume (b. 1977), professional rugby union player and bobsleigh Olympian
Anthony Palfreman (b. 1946), cricketer and cricket administrator
Reg Simpson (1920–2013), England cricketer
Greig Tonks (b. 1989), rugby union player
Andy Turner (b. 1980), professional Olympic sprint hurdler

References

Educational institutions established in the 1510s
1513 establishments in England
Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
Private schools in Nottingham
Gothic Revival architecture in Nottinghamshire

Nottingham High School


Colin Batch né le 27 mars 1958 à Melbourne, est un entraîneur international professionnel de hockey sur gazon et ancien joueur international australien. Batch est l'entraîneur-chef de l'équipe nationale australienne de hockey masculin, les Kookaburras, après sa nomination le mardi 6 décembre 2016. Il a été entraîneur-chef de l'équipe nationale néo-zélandaise de hockey masculin, les Black Sticks, entre 2013 et 2016. Avant cela, il était le entraîneur-chef de l'équipe nationale masculine belge de hockey, les Red Lions, de 2010 à 2012. De 2001 à 2008, il a été entraîneur adjoint de l'équipe nationale masculine australienne de hockey, les Kookaburras, la plus titrée de l'histoire. À cette époque, l'Australie a battu son hoodoo olympique en remportant la médaille d'or aux Jeux olympiques d'Athènes en 2004 ainsi que le bronze aux Jeux olympiques de Pékin en 2008, l'argent aux Coupes du monde de 2002 et 2006, l'or aux Jeux du Commonwealth de 2002 et 2006 et l'or aux Jeux de 2005 et 2005. Champions Trophy 2008.

Joueur
Batch a disputé  internationaux pour l'Australie entre 1979 et 1990.

Réalisations de jeu
Australie:

1979–1990 : Représentant de l'équipe australienne (1987–1988 Vice-capitaine)

Coupe du monde : Or : 1986, Bronze : 1982, 1990

Jeux Olympiques :  place : 1984, 1988, Boycott : 1980

Champions Trophy : Or : 1983, 1984, 1985, 1989, Argent : 1981, 1982, 1986, Bronze : 1980, 1987, 1988

Batch a détenu le record du triplé le plus rapide de l'histoire du Trophée des champions de 1980 à 2009 avec un triplé de  contre les Pays-Bas lors d'une victoire 7–3 lors du tournoi de 1980. Le record a été battu en 2009 lorsque Nam Hyunwoo a réussi un triplé de  pour assurer à la Corée une victoire 4-3 sur l'Espagne.

Autre

1977–1992 Équipe de l'État de Victoria (Ligue nationale de hockey, Australie) (champion 1985, 88, 92) (capitaine 1985–1992)

Entraîneur
Batch est l'entraîneur-chef de l'équipe nationale de hockey masculin australien les Kookaburras après sa nomination le mardi 6 décembre 2016. Il était l'entraîneur-chef de l'équipe nationale de hockey masculin de Nouvelle-Zélande. Les Black Sticks entre 2013 et 2016. Avant cela, il était l'entraîneur-chef de l'équipe nationale belge de hockey masculin, les Red Lions de 2010 à 2012. De 2001 à 2008, il a été entraîneur adjoint de l'équipe nationale masculine australienne de hockey, les Kookaburras.

Qualification
Entraîneur FIH (haute performance) 1999

Entraîneur de hockey niveau 3

Réussites d'entraînement

Entraîneur national masculin australien - Kookaburras depuis 2017
Batch a commencé son rôle d'entraîneur-chef de l'équipe nationale masculine australienne de hockey, les Kookaburras en janvier 2017.

Entraîneur national masculin de Nouvelle-Zélande - Black Sticks 2012–2016
Ligue mondiale: Argent: 2012-2013

Sultan Azlan Shah Cup Or : 2015

Entraîneur national masculin belge - Red Lions 2010–2012
Historique du tournoi – Red Lions

Jeux Olympiques:  2012

Championnats d'Europe :  : 2011

Défi des Champions : Or : 2011

Équipe d'étoiles : 2011

Batch a guidé les Red Lions jusqu'aux Jeux olympiques de Londres en 2012 en se qualifiant aux Championnats d'Europe de 2011. Dans un tournoi où les 4 meilleures équipes classées se sont qualifiées pour Londres, la Belgique a défié son classement mondial pour terminer  du tournoi. La Belgique a battu l'Espagne,  nation classée au monde, dans son match de la poule A 3-2, ce qui a pratiquement été le décideur leur permettant de terminer deuxième de leur poule et d'organiser une confrontation en demi-finale contre les voisins de la Hollande. La Belgique est descendue aux Pays-Bas 4-2 avant d'affronter l'Angleterre lors des éliminatoires 3v4. La Belgique a perdu le match pour la médaille de bronze dans le but d'or en prolongation contre l'Angleterre 2-1. Battre les médaillés d'argent olympiques de 2008 en Espagne n'a pas surpris l'équipe belge qui s'améliore rapidement alors qu'elle s'efforce de devenir l'une des meilleures nations.

Entraîneur adjoint national masculin australien - Kookaburras 2001–2008
Jeux Olympiques : Or : 2004, Bronze : 2008

Coupe du monde : Argent : 2002, 2006

Trophée des Champions : Or : 2005, 2008, Argent : 2001, 2003, 2007

Jeux du Commonwealth : Or : 2002, 2006

Autre
Euro Hockey League

KO08: 2010–2011 (KHC Dragons, Belgique)

Les KHC Dragons ont connu un succès remarquable lors de leur première apparition dans l'EHL. Les Dragons ont traversé la ronde 1.1 sans défaite en battant la puissance allemande et les 2x champions de l'EHL UHC Hamburg 4–2 pour terminer  de la poule E et les emmener dans le KO16. Le développement d'une réputation dans l'EHL pour avoir battu les grands clubs de hockey européens s'est poursuivi dans le KO16 lorsque les Dragons ont battu les champions allemands 2009–2010 Rot-Weiss Köln 3–2. Les KHC Dragons ont affronté Reading HC lors de leur rencontre KO8 en perdant la bataille dans une séance de tirs au but 2–2 (1–2). Les Dragons sont bel et bien un grand en Europe!

Division d'Honneur Hommes (Belgique)

Champion: 2009–2010, 2010–2011 (KHC Dragons)

Le formidable record des Dragons dans la division Honneur s'est poursuivi tout au long de la saison 2010-11, l'équipe de Brasschaat ne s'éloignant jamais de la première position de l'échelle. Avec 19 victoires,  nul et 2 défaites en , les Dragons sont entrés dans les favoris de la finale pour conserver leur titre. Les Dragons ont remporté leur série de demi-finales contre Watducks avant les éliminatoires de la finale avec Racing. Les dragons ont remporté le premier match des trois matchs éliminatoires 3–2 avant de perdre le deuxième match 2–4. Dans le troisième match, les Dragons ont battu Racing 3–3 (4–3 pénalités) pour remporter des championnats consécutifs.

Ligue nationale de hockey (Australie)

Champions: 1994 (Queensland), 1995 (Townsville), 1998 (Melbourne)

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en mars 1958
Joueur australien de hockey sur gazon
Joueur de hockey sur gazon aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1984
Joueur de hockey sur gazon aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1988
Champion olympique australien
Médaillé d'argent olympique australien
Médaillé de bronze olympique australien
Champion du monde de hockey sur gazon
Naissance à Melbourne

Colin Batch


Belle Isle may refer to:

Places

Canada
 Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador), an island between Labrador and Newfoundland
 Strait of Belle Isle, in which the island is situated

England
 Belle Isle, Leeds, West Yorkshire
 Belle Isle (Windermere), an island in Lake District, Cumbria
 Belle Isle park (Exeter),a small park in Exeter, Devon

France
 Belle Isle (Brittany)

Ireland
 Belle Isle Castle, a castle in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland

United States
 Belle Isle, Florida, an inland town in central Florida
 Belle Isle (Miami Beach), an artificial island in Biscayne Bay
 Belle Isle, a small island in Isle Royale National Park, Michigan
 Belle Isle Marsh Reservation, parkland near Boston
 Belle Isle Park, in Detroit, Michigan
 Belle Isle State Park (Virginia), along the Rappahannock River in Lancaster, Virginia
 Belle Isle (Lancaster, Virginia), a historic plantation house surrounded by Belle Isle State Park
 Belle Isle (Richmond, Virginia), an island and public city park in the James River

People
 Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de Belle-Isle (1684–1761), French general and statesman
 Louis Charles Armand Fouquet, chevalier de Belle-Isle (1693–1647), French general and brother of the former

Music
 Belle Isle, a 2009 album by MoZella
 "Belle Isle", a song by Bob Dylan from Self Portrait

See also
 Bell Island (disambiguation)
 Belle Île
 Belleisle (disambiguation)
 Belle Island (disambiguation)
 Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix, an IndyCar Series race weekend held at Belle Isle in Detroit, Michigan

Belle Isle


සුනිත් ගෝෂ් (1934 සැප්තැම්බර් 1 - 2021 නොවැම්බර් 7) යනු ඉන්දියානු ක්‍රිකට් විනිසුරුවෙකි. ඔහු 1988 දී ටෙස්ට් තරඟ දෙකකට සහ 1987 සහ 1989 අතර එදිජා තරඟ හතක් විනිශ්චය කර ඇත.

යොමු කිරීම්

Place of birth missing
1934 උපත්

සුනිත් ගෝෂ්


Arsenal Women Football Club er en engelsk fodboldklub for kvinder, der er en afdeling af Arsenal F.C.. Kvindernes afdeling blev etableret i 1987. De er den mest succefulde af kvindernes fodboldklubber i engelsk fodbold, de har hidtil (1. maj 2017) vundet 43 større pokaler, heraf 2 FA WSL titler, 12 FA Women's Premier League titler, 14 FA Women's Cup-titler, ti Women's League Cup, 4 FA WSL Continental Cup og er pr. 2020 den eneste engelske fodboldklub, der har vundet UEFA Women's Champions League (før UEFA Women's Cup).

Aktuel trup

Danskere spillere i klubben
 Simone Boye Sørensen (2021-)
 Katrine Veje (2019-2020)
 Janni Arnth (2019)

Referencer

FA Women's Super League
Kvindefodboldklubber i England
Arsenal F.C.

Arsenal W.F.C.


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El observatorio astronómico de Gaocheng, también conocido como observatorio de Dengfeng, es un monumento histórico Patrimonio de la Humanidad en el santuario del duque Zhou Gong, ciudad de Gaocheng, cerca de Dengfeng en la provincia de Henan, China. El lugar tiene una gran tradición de observaciones astronómicas ya desde la época del Zhou Occidental y hasta los inicios de la dinastía Yuan. Hoy en día se pueden observar el gnomon usado para el calendario Da Yan en 729 d. C. y el gran observatorio de la dinastía Yuan.

Zhou Occidental
Se cree que el duque de Zhou habría erigido un Ceyingtai (observatorio que mide la sombra o gnomon) para observar el sol. Su interés en las matemáticas y la astronomía/astrología es mencionado en el Chou Pei Suan Ching.

Dinastía Tang
El astrónomo Yi Xing de la dinastía Tang construyó 20 gnomons estandarizados por toda China para medir la ecuación de tiempo dependiente de la ubicación geográfica. Tras seguir una proposición de Liu Zhuo en 604 d.C., 10 de estos gnomons fueron alineados a lo largo del meridiano 114° este de Greenwich, desde Asia Central en dirección sur hasta Vietnam, para determinar la circunferencia de la Tierra y las desviaciones de una esfera perfecta. Uno de estos 10 observatorios fue colocado en Gaocheng. Los observatorios se usaron para establecer el calendario Da Yan.

Al sur del observatorio, en el templo dedicado a Zhou Gong, se puede encontrar un gráfico del shigui hecho por Yi Xing. Según el Zhou Li (Ritos de Zhou) este lugar es el centro de la Tierra.

Dinastía Yuan
El gran observatorio fue construido en 1276, al poco de comenzar la dinastía Yuan, según las órdenes de Kublai Kan y fue usado por Guo Shoujing y Wang Xun (1235-1281) para observar el movimiento del sol, las estrellas y medir el tiempo.

Se construyó con piedra y ladrillos y dándole forma aproximadamente piramidal. Tiene dos partes: el cuerpo y el shigui (también llamado la regla que mide el cielo). Mide 9,46 m de alto por sí solo, y 12,62 m si se incluyen los dos habitáculos de la cima. Este gnomon tan poco convencional consiste en una barra montada horizontalmente entre las dos habitaciones. El shigui, que se extiende hacia el norte, mide 31,19 m de largo y 0,53 m de ancho y está hecho de piedra y de 36 piezas cuadradas de pizarra con dos canales paralelos encima que se llenaban de agua para medir su nivelado. La ubicación del shigui coincide con la dirección que usamos hoy en día para indicar el meridiano. Durante las mediciones se colocaba una barra en el hueco entre las habitaciones a través de unas ranuras y la sombra que proyectaba el jingfu (instrumento con muchos agujeros cuyo nombre se traduce como definidor de sombras) en los canales se usaba para medir su posición con una precisión que no se desviaba más de dos milímetros.  En el solsticio de invierno la longitud de la sombra a mediodía es casi tan larga como el shigui.

Las extremadamente precisas observaciones se utilizaron para crear el nuevo calendario Shoushi (calendario que otorga las estaciones) en 1281, que se mantuvo en uso durante 364 años. Se determinó que la longitud del año tropical era de 365 d 5 h 49 m 20 s, un valor que prácticamente coincide con el valor del calendario gregoriano pero obtenido 300 años antes y que apenas difiere 26 segundos de las mediciones modernas.

Laplace aplicó en 1787 estas mediciones para comprobar sus cálculos sobre los cambios a lo largo de los siglos en la oblicuidad de la eclíptica y en la excentricidad de la órbita de la Tierra.

Es el primero de una serie de 27 observatorios construidos a comienzos de la dinastía Yuan y el observatorio más antiguo aún en pie en toda China.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Orígenes de la astronomía china(en inglés)
 Observatorios antiguos.(en inglés)
 Gaocheng en ChinaCulture.org que muestra el observatorio.(en inglés)
 Topografía del meridiano.(en inglés)
  (en inglés)

Bienes individuales inscritos Patrimonio de la Humanidad en China
Observatorios astronómicos de China
Arquitectura de China del siglo XIII
Henan

Observatorio de Gaocheng


Heckmondwike is a town in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England,  south west of Leeds. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is close to Cleckheaton and Liversedge. It is mostly in the Batley and Spen parliamentary constituency, and had an estimated population of 16,986 at the 2011 Census increasing to 18,149 at the 2021 Census. Heckmondwike forms part of the Heavy Woollen District.

Toponymy
The origins of Heckmondwike are in Old English. First recorded as Hedmundewic  in the Domesday Book of 1086, Hedmundewic in 1166, and as Hecmundewik sometime in the 13th century, the name seems to be from *Hēahmundes wīc, or 'Heahmund's dairy-farm'.

History
During Saxon times, Heckmondwike was a "berewick" or independent village in the manor of Gomersal, which, before 1066, was held by Dunstan and Gamel.

The Poll Tax of 1379 records seven families in Heckmondwike, about 35 people:  including one named Thomas of Stubly. Most lived in isolated farmsteads such as Stubley Farm, on high ground overlooking the marshy Spen Valley floor.

In 1684, there were around 250 people, occupying 50 houses, in the town. The town became famous for manufacturing blankets, and by 1811 the Blanket Hall was built for trade in the town's primary manufacture. It was replaced by a second hall erected in 1839, on Blanket Hall Street in the town centre. Elizabeth Gaskell's biography of Charlotte Brontë in 1857 described the inhabitants of Heckmondwike as "a chapel-going people, very critical of their sermons, tyrannical to their ministers and violent radicals".

The town ceased generating electricity in 1924. The Power Company buildings survive in part on Bath Road.
The remains of the first Blanket Hall were demolished in spring 2008, along with a number of other old buildings including some former Co-op buildings that had been used as the post office and former "George" public house.

A health centre was opened in July 2010 to house two former doctors' practices.

Geography

Located at the edge of the Pennine hills, the land rises to the north, east and south of the town centre. The town covers an area of one square mile (640 acres), the town boundary is not the same as the ward boundary.

Heckmondwike has a telephone exchange, north of High Street in the Wakefield 01924 dialling area. The exchange covers Liversedge, and parts of Dewsbury Moor and Staincliffe.

Politics
In 1894 Heckmondwike Urban District Council was established and was incorporated into Kirklees in the local government reorganisation of 1974. The Heckmondwike electoral ward includes Millbridge, Flush, and Norristhorpe in Liversedge south of the A62 road. Heckmondwike ward is represented on Kirklees Council by three Labour councillors.

In 2003 the ward elected David Exley of the British National Party, after the serving councillor left the Labour Party to run as an independent. Exley was re-elected in 2004, and in 2006 a second BNP member, Roger Roberts, was elected. Roberts had previously served as councillor for the Conservative Party. In May 2007 David Sheard (Labour), was returned. In May 2008 Exley lost his seat to Labour candidate Steve Hall. In May 2010 Roberts lost his seat to Labour candidate Viv Kendrick. Sheard was re-elected in 2011, and Hall was re-elected in 2012.

Newspapers
The weekly newspaper was the Heckmondwike Herald until Friday 15 August 2008 after which the title was merged into the Spenborough Guardian incorporating the Heckmondwike Herald. It covers the former Spenborough Urban District and Heckmondwike.

Transportation
The town has its own bus station. Very few bus services terminate at Heckmondwike; most are through services from across West Yorkshire including Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield and Wakefield.

Notable people

James Berry (1852–1913), executioner
Horace Brearley (1913–2007), cricketer and schoolmaster
Jeff Butterfield (1929–2004), international rugby union footballer.
Jo Cox (1974–2016), Labour MP
John Curwen (1816–1880), Congregationalist minister who founded the Tonic Sol-fa system of music education; Curwen Crescent and Curwen Park in the town are named for him.
Mabel Ferrett (1917-2011), poet, publisher, literary editor and local historian
Mike Heaton (b. 1967), drummer for post-Britpop band Embrace.
Kim Leadbeater (b. 1976), Labour MP
The Rt Rev. John Monsignor O'Connor (1870–1952), an Irish Catholic priest who served as Parish Priest of Heckmondwike from 1909 to 1919. He was the inspiration for Father Brown, the fictional character created by G.K. Chesterton (1874–1936). While serving in Heckmondwike, the then Father O'Connor had the Church of the Holy Spirit constructed. The church was completed in 1915.
George Arthur Pollard (1863–1939), New Zealand salvation army officer and administrator
Dave Pybus (b. 1970), bassist member of extreme metal band, Cradle of Filth.
Frederick Wilson Whitehead (1863–1926), composer and organist.
Arthur Wood (1875–1953), composer famous for the 1924 piece, Barwick Green, which is used as the theme song for the BBC Radio 4 series, The Archers.

Location grid

See also
Listed buildings in Heckmondwike
Sugden Audio

References

External links

   Heckmondwike Central railway station
  Heckmondwike Spen railway station

Towns in West Yorkshire
Unparished areas in West Yorkshire
Heavy Woollen District
Geography of Kirklees

Heckmondwike


Nordenberg ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Windelsbach im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern). Der Ort gliedert sich in Obernordenberg, Unternordenberg und Vorhof.

Geografie
Das Dorf liegt am Weihergraben, der mit anderen Bächen zu einem rechten Zufluss der Altmühl zusammenfließt. Im Nordosten grenzt der Nordenberger Wald an, der sich auf einer Anhöhe befindet, im Südwesten grenzt der Vogelbachwald an. Die Kreisstraße AN 8 führt nach Hartershofen (2 km westlich) bzw. nach Linden (1,5 km südlich). Gemeindeverbindungsstraßen führen nach Windelsbach zur AN 8 (2,7 km südöstlich), nach Schweinsdorf (2 km südwestlich) und zur Kreisstraße NEA 52 südlich von Wildbad (3,5 km nordöstlich).

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde erstmals 1156 im Zusammenhang mit Lupold von Nordenberg erwähnt. Nordenberg war ursprünglich Eigentum und Stammsitz der Erbküchenmeister von Nortenberg. 1383 musste dieses Adelsgeschlecht seine Burg Nordenberg samt umliegenden Orten wegen Überschuldung für 7000 Gulden an Bürger und Räte der Reichsstadt Rothenburg verkaufen. Dass der Ort nun Eigentum von Nichtadeligen war, missfiel dem Burggrafen Friedrich von Nürnberg und führte zu einer Fehde mit der Reichsstadt Rothenburg. 1406 kam es zur erfolglosen Belagerung dieser Burg. Im Jahr 1407 konnte der Burggraf jedoch den römisch-deutschen König Ruprecht dazu veranlassen, dass dieser den Befehl erteilte, sämtliche Burgen, die in der Hand von Rothenburger Bürgern waren, niederzureißen. Dies wurde bei der Burg Nordenberg auch durchgeführt.

Im Jahre 1801 gab es 21 Haushalte, die alle der Reichsstadt Rothenburg untertan waren.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Nordenberg dem Steuerdistrikt Schweinsdorf zugewiesen. Wenig später entstand die Ruralgemeinde Nordenberg, zu der Karrachmühle, Linden, Obernordenberg, Unternordenberg und Vorhof gehörten. Die Gemeinde hatte eine Gebietsfläche von 5,913 km². Im Zuge der Gebietsreform wurde diese am 1. Januar 1972 nach Windelsbach eingemeindet.

Baudenkmäler
 Haus Nr. 1: ehemalige Herberge der Stadt Rothenburg, zweigeschossiger Massivbau, 1654/56
 Haus Nr. 2: Erdgeschossiges Fachwerkwohnstallhaus des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts
 Haus Nr. 5: Bauernhof, zweigeschossiges, einhüftiges Fachwerkhaus, 18./19. Jahrhundert
 Haus Nr. 10: einfaches, erdgeschossiges Wohnstallhaus aus Fachwerk, 18./19. Jahrhundert
 Haus Nr. 12: ehemaliges Hirtenhaus; einfaches, kleines Fachwerkhaus des 18. Jahrhunderts
 Denkmal, Sandsteinpyramide auf Stufenpodest, Mitte 19. Jahrhundert
 Käpplinger-Kreuz, 1699; auf halber Höhe der Schweinsdorfer Steige.
 Steinkreuz, wohl spätmittelalterlich; am Südzipfel der Nordenberger Gemarkung.
 Steinkreuz, wohl spätmittelalterlich; am oberen Ende der Schweinsdorfer Steige.
 Wildbannstein, 1547; zwischen Nordenberg und Schweinsdorf am Waldrand.
 Wildbannstein, 1547; am Waldeck Hutweg Richtung Urphershofen.
 Hoheitsstein; an der alten Weinstraße.
 Hoheitsstein; am Waldeck am Wurmbach, Richtung Windelsbach.
 Försterstein zum Andenken an die Alleeanlage, bez. 1857; am Waldweg zwischen Wachsenberg und der Schweinsdorfer Steige.
 einunddreißig Grenzsteine, 1617; östlich bis südlich der Ortschaft.

Bodendenkmäler
In der Gemarkung Nordenberg gibt es zwölf Bodendenkmäler, darunter ein mittelalterlicher Turmhügel.

Einwohnerentwicklung
Gemeinde Nordenberg

Ort Nordenberg

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Martin (Windelsbach) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Johannis (Rothenburg ob der Tauber) gepfarrt.

Wanderwege
Durch Obernordenberg verlaufen die Fernwanderwege Europäische Wasserscheide und Jean-Haagen-Weg.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Windelsbach)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Ansbach)
Gemeindeauflösung 1971
Ersterwähnung 1156
Dorf

Nordenberg


Pentastomida, Maxillopoda sınıfına bağlı vücutlarının ön kısmında biri ağız olarak kabul edilen beş delik bulunan, sistematik yeri tam olarak kesinleşmemiş omurgasız bir hayvan altsınıfıdır.

Çoğunlukla omurgalıların solunum sistemlerinde yaşayan parazit solucan benzeri gruptur. Dolaşım, solunum ve boşaltım sistemleri bulunmaz. Sinir sistemleri halkalı solucanlara ve eklembacaklılara benzer. Boyları yaklaşık 14 cm'dir.

İngiltere'de bulunmuş olan 425 yıllık dil solucanı fosilleri, bu canlının milyonlarca yıldır değişmeden kaldığını gözler önüne sermiştir.

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

Maxillopoda

Pentastomida


فارنافينو  هي مدينة في مقاطعة نيجني نوفغورود أوبلاست في روسيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 3282 نسمة.

مدن مقاطعة نيجني نوفغورود

فارنافينو (نيزنيج نوفغورود)


Gruppespillet i UEFA Champions League 2015–16 begyndte den 15. september og sluttede den 9. december 2015. I alt 32 hold deltog i gruppespillet for at bestemme de 16 pladser i slutspillet i UEFA Champions League 2015–16.

Hold
Herunder er de 32 der kvalificerede sig til gruppespillet (med deres UEFA klub koefficienter fra 2015), grupperet efter deres seedningslag. Det inkluderer 22 hold der kom med i denne fase, samt de ti vindere af playoffrunden (fem fra mestervejen, fem fra ligavejen).

Noter

Grupper
Kampdagene var 15.–16. september, 29.–30. september, 20.–21. oktober, 3.–4. november, 24.–25. november og 8.–9. december 2015. Tiderne frem til den 24. oktober 2015 (kampdagene 1–3) er CEST (UTC+2), derefter (kampdagene 4–6) er tiderne CET (UTC+1).

Gruppe A

Noter

Gruppe B

Gruppe C

Gruppe D

Gruppe E

Gruppe F

Gruppe G

Notes

Gruppe H

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 UEFA Champions League på UEFA's hjemmeside

2015-16

UEFA Champions League gruppespil 2015-16


بيل كوليتز  (ولد في 1 سبتمبر 1989، لايبزيغ، ألمانيا الشرقية )، مغني وكاتب أغاني وممثل وراقص وعارض أزياء ألماني. وهو مؤسس الفرقة الألمانية العالمية توكيو هوتيل، مع شقيقه التوأم توم كوليتز.

والذي حاز بعدة جوائز عالمية ومنها جوائز الموسيقى الأوروبية MTV، جوائز الاغاني المصورة MTV.

ديسكوغرافيا
 2005 - (شريي) Schrei
 2007 - (زيمر 483) Zimmer 483
 2007 - (سكريم) Scream
 2009 - (هومانويد) Humanoid

انظر أيضاً
 توم كوليتز.
 توكيو هوتيل.

مصادر

وصلات خارجية

عارضو أزياء مثليون ألمان
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من لايبزغ
توائم من ألمانيا
توكيو هوتيل
عارضو أزياء ألمان
عارضو أزياء إل جي بي تي
عضو لجنة تحكيم تلفزيون الواقع
فرق روك
فرق موسيقية ثنائية
مذيعو تلفاز ألمان
مغتربون ألمان في الولايات المتحدة
مغنو روك ألمان
مغنون أطفال ألمان
مغنون ألمان
مغنون ألمان باللغة الإنجليزية
مغنون باللغة الألمانية
مغنون ذكور ألمان في القرن 21
مغنون مثليون من ألمانيا
مقالات مع مصادر باللغة الألمانية (de)
ممثلو أصوات ألمانيون
مواليد 1989
مواليد في لايبزيغ
موسيقى البوب
موسيقيو روك ألمان
موسيقيون ألمان في القرن 20
موسيقيون ألمان في القرن 21
موسيقيون ألمانيون شرقيون
موسيقيون توائم
موسيقيون مثليون من ألمانيا
موسيقيون من لايبزيغ
نباتيون ألمان

بيل كوليتز


Astrobiology යන ග්‍රීක වචනයේ තේරුම වන්නේ (astro නක්ෂත්‍ර මණ්ඩලය bio- ජීවය logos -දැනුම) යන්නයි. එය විශ්වයේ ජීවය සෙවීම සඳහා තාරකා විද්‍යාව, භූ විද්‍යාව හා ජීව විද්‍යාව සංයෝජනය කෙනෙ ක්ෂේත්‍රයකි. එය ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් නාභිගත වන්නේ ජීවයේ සම්භවය, ප්‍රචාරණය හා පරිණාමය මතයි. වෙනත් තාරකා වටා පවතින ග්‍රහ මණ්ඩල පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු ආමනයන් සමඟ එහි අණසක බහිර් ජීව විද්‍යාව දක්වා පුළුල් වී ඇත.

අභ්‍යවකාශ ජීව විද්‍යා පර්යේෂණ මාතෘකා අතරින් සටහන් වන්නේ
	ජීවය යනු කුමක්ද?
	පෘථිවිය මත ජීවය ඇති වූයේ කෙසේද?
	පෘථිවිය මත ජීවයේ වර්තමානය හා අනාගතය පිළිබඳ අජටාකාශ භෞතික විද්‍යා නිරීක්ෂණ පවසන්නේ මොනවාද?
	වෙනත් ග්‍රහලෝකවල ජීවය පවතී නම් අප එය හඳුනාගන්නේ කෙසේද?
	සංකීර්ණ ජීවය සඳහා අපට කෙ‍තරම් කල් බලා සිටින්නට සිදුවේද?
	එය DNA හා කාබන් මත හෝ වෙනත් යමක් මත පදනම් වූවක් ද?
	එහි ස්වරූපය කෙබඳු ද?

යනාදි පොදු ගැටළුය. නමුත් එය ගැඹුරින් විමසන විට ගැටළු රාශියක් උත්පාදය කරයි. බොහො විට අභ්‍යවකාශ ජිව විද්‍යාවේ ගොඩ නැ‍ඟෙන්නා වු ත් විමසිමට භජනය වන්නා වුත් ගැටළු වන්නේ පෘථිවියට පරිබාහිර ජිවයක් විශ්වයේ අන් තැනක තිබේද යන්නය. එයට පක්ෂ වන්නේ නම් එනම් පෘථිවියෙන් පරිබාහිර වු ජිවයක් තිබේ නම්

  එය ක්ෂුද්‍ර මට්ටමේ එකක්ද?
   නැතිනම් යම් බුද්ධිමත් ජිවි කොටසක්ද? ඒ කොයි ආකාරයක බුද්ධි මට්ටමක්ද?
  එසේ ජිවයක් හටගත් ග්‍රහලෝකයේ ස්වභාවය කුමක්ද?
  කුමන ආකාරයේ ජිව විද්‍යාත්මක පදනමක් ඔවුන්ට තිබේද?
 අපට ඔවුන් සමඟ තොරතුරු හුවමාරු කර ගත හැකිද?
  පෘථිවියෙන් පරිබාහිර ජිවයක් අප සමාජ ආර්ථික සංස්කෘතික තත්ත්වයන්ට කුමන ආකාරයක බලපෑමක් එල්ල කරන්නේද?

ආදි ගැටළු රාශියක් අප වෙත එල්ල වේ. එමෙන්ම විශ්වයේ අප තනිවු හුදකලාවු ජිවයක් නම් එවිටද අපට ගැටළු කිහිපයක් මතු වේ.

 අප විශ්වයේ හුදකලා වුයේ ඇයි?
 විශ්වයේ බිලියන ගණනක් වු තාරකා අතරින් ඒවා වඩා පරිභ්‍රමණය වන ග්‍රහ ලෝක අතරින් ජිවයක් හට ගැනිමට පෘථිවිය සතුවු විශේෂිත වු ලක්ෂණය කුමක්ද?
  විශ්වයේ පවතින්නා වු ජිව සන්නතියේ අනාගතය කෙබඳුද? එය පෘථිවියේ පැවැත්ම මත පමණක්ම රැදුණු ජිවයක්ද?
 පෘථිවියෙන් එපිටට මේ ජිවය රැගෙන යා හැකිද?

   යනාදි  ගැටළු නිරන්තරයෙන් අභ්‍යවකාශ ජිව විද්‍යාව හමුවේ පවති.

අභ්‍යවකාශ ජිව විද්‍යාව ඉතා වේගයෙන් දියුනු වන විශය ක්ෂේත්‍රයකි.එය ජිවයේ මුලාරම්භය හා පරිණාමය ගැන ද සොයා බලන්නාවු ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් වේ. අභවකාශ ජිව විද්‍යාව යනු නුතන විෂයක් ලෙස බොහො දෙනා හඳුනා ගත්ත ද එයට දිගු ඉතිහාසයක්ද පවති. අභ්‍යාවකාශ ජීව විද්‍යාව යනු භෞතික විද්‍යාව, ජීව විද්‍යාව , භූ විද්‍යාව  හෝ දර්ශනය යොදා ගනිමින් පරිබාහිර ලෝකවල ජීවයේ ස්වභාවය ප්‍රතිබිම්භනය කිරීමට සමත් බහු විනයානුකූල ක්ෂේත්‍රයකි. "අභ්‍යාවකාශ ජීව විද්‍යාව දන්නා විද්‍යාත්මක න්‍යායන් යොදා ගෙන නොදන්නා දේ පිළිබඳ ප්‍රතිබිම්භනයක් ගොඩ නංවවන ස්වාභාව දර්ශන ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් බව මෙම ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ විචාරක ඩේවිඩ් ග්‍රීන්ස්පූන් 2003 දී පවසා ඇත. ජීවය සහිත ග්‍රහලෝක පිළිබඳ අපට ඇත්තේ එකී උදාහරණයක් පමණක් බැවින් වැඩ කටයුතු බොහොමයක් ප්‍රතිබිම්භ වන අතර ජීව විද්‍යාවේ ,භෞතික විද්‍යාවේ හා ජීව රසායන විද්‍යාවේ වත්මන් දැනුම මත පදනම්ව ඇත.

කෙසේ වුවත් ක්ෂිර පථය නමින් හඳුන්වන අප සෞර ග්‍රහ මණ්ඩය අයත් මණ්දාකිණියට සුරුයා වැනි තාරකා බිලියන 200ක් වත් අයත් යැයි සැලකේ. එමෙන්ම ක්ෂිර පථය නමින් අප හඳුන්වන මණ්දාකිණිය වැනි මන්දාකිණි බිලියන සිය ගණක්වත් විශ්වයේ ඇතැයි විදඥායෝ සැක පළ කරති. ඇත්තෙන්ම කොතරම් මන්දාකිණි ප්‍රමාණයක් විශ්වය සතුව ඇත්දැයි නොදන්නා හෙයින් කොපමණ තාරකා ප්‍රමාණයක් එවාට අයත් ග්‍රහ වස්තු සමඟ භ්‍රමණය හා පරිභ්‍රමණය වෙමින් පවතී දැයි නිශ්චය කළ නොහැකි තරම්ය. එවන් වු විශාල විශ්වයක ජිවයක් පවතිදැයි සෙවිම ඇත්තෙන්ම දුෂ්කරය. නමුත් එය කළ නොහැක්කක් නොවේ. මන්ද මිනිසා සතු විද්‍යාත්මක හා තාක්ෂණික හැකියාව දිනෙන් දින වර්ධනය වන නිසාය.

විද්‍යාව හා තාක්ෂණය කොතරම් වර්ධනය වුවද නැතහොත් දියුණු වුවද තවමත් තාරකා හෝ අභ්‍යාවකාශ ජිව විද්‍යාඥයන්ට වෙනත් ග්‍රහ ලෝකයක් වෙත ගොස් ජිවින් පිළිබඳ පර්යේෂණ කටයුතු කිරීමට අවශ්‍ය තරම් හැකියාවක් ලැබි නොමැත. මේ නිසාම ඔවුන් විශේෂ අවධානයක් පෘථිවියේ ජිවය කෙරෙහි යොමු කරනු ලැ‍බේ. එනම් අභයවකාශ ජිව විද්‍යාඥයන් පෘථිවිය තම නිවස ලෙස සළකනවා සේම ඔවුන් පෘථිවිය තවත් එක් ග්‍රහ ලෝකයක් ලෙස පර්යේෂණ කටයුතු කෙරෙහි යොදා ගනි. පෘථිවියේ ජිවය සම්භවය වු ආකාරය ගැන ඔවුන් විශේෂ අවධානයක් යොමු කරන්නේ ද ඒ බැවිණි. ඉතා ක්ෂුද්‍ර ජිව මට්ටමකට සිට අද දක්වා ජිවය වර්ධනය විමට තුඩු දුන් සාධක, මේ නිසාම අභ්‍යවකාශ ජිව විද්‍යාවේ නිරන්තර පර්යේෂණයට බඳුන් වේ. විහේෂයෙන්ම පෘථිවියේ කුමන පාරසයකද මුලින්ම ජිවය ඇති වන්නට ඇත්තේ යන ගැටළුව ඔවුන් නිරන්තරයෙන් පිළිතුරු සොයන ක්ෂේත්‍රයකි.

අභ්‍යවකාශ ජිව විද්‍යාවේ ඉතිහාසය
පෘථි‍වියෙන් පරිබාහිර ජිවින් පිළිබඳ ඉගැන්විම් කෙරේ දිගු ඉතිහාසයක් පවතී. එහෙත් ඒ සියළු ඉගැන්විම් වර්ග දෙකකට ගොනු කළහැක
 ආගමික හා පාරභෞතික විශ්වාසයන් හා ඇදහිලි සමඟ ඇති වු ඉගැන්වීම්
 දාර්ශනිකයන් හා විවිධ පුද්ගයන්ගේ අදහස්  මෙන්ම පර්ය්ෂණ ඇසුරින් ඇති වු දැනුම

ඉහත දක්වන කාණ්ඩ දෙක වෙන් සමහර අවස්ථා වලදි වෙන්කර හඳුනා ගැනිම තරමක් දුශ්කර වුවත් එය ඉතිහාසය හඳුනා ගැනිමට තරමක් පහසුවක් සලසනු ලැබේ. ලෝකයේ පවතින බොහෝ ආගම් හා දර්ශයන් විසින් පිටසක්වල ජිවය පිළිබඳ සාක්ච්ඡා  කර ඇති අතර විශේෂයෙන්ම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට නුදුරු පරිසරයක් තුළ සම්භවය වු බෞද්ධ දර්ශනය තුළත් එවැනි අන්තර්ගතයන් බහුලව හමුවේ. කතෝලිකයන්ගේ ආගමික ග්‍රන්ථය වන බයිබලයේද ගුවනින් ගමන් කරන යානාවක් පිළිබඳ විස්තර සඳහන් වේ. ආගමික ඉගැන්වීමේ මේ ආදි වශයෙන් ඉතා දිර්ඝ ලෙස විස්තර වන අතර අභව්‍ය සිද්ධි හා බැදි පවති.
නමුත් විවිධ පුද්ගලයින් මේ පිළිබඳව විවිධ මත දරා තිබේ. විශේෂයෙන්ම පැරණි දාර්ශනිකයන් මේ පිළිබඳ දරා ඇති අදහස් ඉතා විශාල ප්‍රමාණයක් තිබේ. පැරණි ග්‍රික හා යුරෝපය ආශ්‍රීතව විසු දාර්ශනිකයන් හා පැරණි භාරතයේ විසු දාර්ශනිකයන් හා විද්වතුන්ද ඒ අතර ප්‍රමුඛ වේ. දාර්ශනිකයන් පමණක් නොව සුප්‍රකට චිත්‍ර ශිල්පියෙකු වු ලියනාඩෝ ඩාවින්සිගේ සිතුවම් බොහොමයක පිටසක්වල ජිවින් හා යානා පිළිබඳ සදහන් වී තිබිය විස්මය දනවන සුළුය. එමෙන්ම පැරණි ශිස්ටාචාරවලින් හමුවන පුරාවස්තු ඇසුරේද ඔවුන්ගේ ඉදිකිරීම් වලද පිටසක්වලයන් පිලිබද විවිධ සටහන් හමු වේ.

වර්තමාන ප්‍රවණතා
(හරිතලව - කුඩා කොළ පැහැ වස්තූන්) මෙහි  දැක්වෙන ශාක කොළ තුළ ඇත)

NASA ආයතනයට අනුව සෞරග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලයෙන් පිටත ග්‍රහලෝකවල ශාක වර්ණක අප‍ගේ වර්ණක වලින් වෙනස් විය හැක.

කලක දී මෙය විද්‍යාත්මක ඉල්ලුමේ මූලික ප්‍රහාහයෙන් ඔබ්බෙහි පිහිටි ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් ලෙස සැලකුන ද අද එය විධිමත් අධ්‍යයන ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් බවට පත්ව ඇත. නාසා ආයතනය මේ වන විට අභ්‍යාවකාශ ජීව විද්‍යා ආයතනයක් අරඹා ඇත. ඊට අමතරව මෙම ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ උපාධි අපේක්ෂකයන්ට උපාධි පිරිනමන වැඩ පිළිවෙලක් ක්‍රියාත්මක කරන විශ්ව විද්‍යාල සංඛ්‍යාව ඇමරිකා එකසත් ජනපදයේ (උදා - ඇරිසෝනා විශ්ව විද්‍යාල‍ය, පෙන් ප්‍රාන්ත විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය, වොෂිංටන් විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය, කැනඩාවේ , බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයේ හා අයර්ලන්තයේ සීඝ්‍රයෙන් වැඩිවෙමින් පවතී.

අඟහරුගේ උල්කාෂ්මයක් වන (ALH84001) ජීවීන් විසින් සිදු කරන ලද නිර්මාණ පෙන්වයි.

වර්තමාන අජටාකාශ ජීව විද්‍යා සමීක්ෂණයන් වන්නේ අඟහරුගේ ජීවය පිළිබඳ සමීක්ෂණයයි. ජලය ජීවයේ වර්ධනයට අත්‍යවශ්‍ය සහසධයක් ලෙස සැලකෙන අතර (මුළුමනින්ම ඔප්පු නොකෙරුණ ද) අඟහරු මතු පිට සැලකිය යුතු තරම් ජලය පැවති බවට සාධක එන්න එන්නට වැඩිවේ. අජටාකාශ ජීව විද්‍යාවේ වඩාත් අවධානය යොමු කෙරෙන ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීමක් ලෙස සැලකිය හැක්කේ ජීවය සොයා කෙරෙන  ගවේෂණයම උපකාරී වන, දැනුවත් කෙරෙන වාදයක් ගොඩ නැංවීමයි.

ජීවය සොයා කෙරුණු මෙහෙයුම් අතර වයිකිං වැඩ සටහන හා බීගල් 2 ගවේෂණය අඟහරු වෙත ඉලක්ක විය. "වයිකං" හි ප්‍රතිඵල තවම පියවී නොමැති අතර බීගල් 2 මතුපිටින් දත්ත සම්ප්‍රේශණයට අසමත් වූ අතර පුපුරා යන්නට ඇතැයි අනුමාන කෙරේ. ප්‍රභල අජටාකාශ ජීව විද්‍යාත්මක අරමුණක් සහිත අනාගත මෙහෙ‍යුමක් වන‍්නේ "බ්‍රහස්පති හිම චන්ද්‍ර කාක්ෂික" යි. එය බ්‍රහස්පතිගේ ද්‍රව ජලය පැවතිය හැකි මිදුණු චන්ද්‍රයන් ගවේෂණයට සැලසුම් කර ඇත. 2009 දි නාසා ආයතනය "අඟහරු විද්‍යාගාර" රෝවර් ගොඩ බැස්වීමට සැලසුම් කොට ඇති අතර එය නවීන විද්‍යාත්මක උපකරණ යොදා අඟහරුගේ අතීත හා වර්තමාන ජීවය සොයා යනු ඇත.

අද 2008 වුව ද පිටසක්වල ජීවයක් පිළිබඳ සෘජු සාක්ෂි නොමැතත. ALH84001 උල්කාෂ්මය ඇන්ටාර්ටිකාවෙන් හමුවූ අතර එහි ප්‍රභවය අඟහරු යැයි විශ්වාස කෙරේ. ඇතැම් විද්‍යාඥයින් එය පිටසක්වල ජීවයේ ක්ෂුද්‍ර පොසිලයක් ලෙස හැඳින්වුව ද අර්ථය ආන්දෝලනාත්මකය. අඟහරු සීඝ්‍රගාමී ඒෂණියෙන් හා පෘථිවි ස්ථාවර දුරේක්ෂවලින් අඟහරු‍ගේ වායුගෝලයේ මීතේන් ඇති බවට සලකුණු ලැබිණි. මීතේන් හි අර්ධ ආයු කාලය අඟහරු මත දී අඩු අතර එබැවින් එය සක්‍රියව ජනනය විය යුතුය. එක් සම්භාවිතා සාධකයක් ලෙස සක්‍රිය ගිනි කඳු සැලකිය හැකි වුව ද තවමත් අඟහරු මතින් එවැන්නක් හමු වී නොමැති බැවින් පෘථිවයේ පරිවෘත්තීය අතුරු ඵලයක් ලෙස මීතේන් ඇති කරන මීතේන් ජනන බැක්ටීරියා වැනි ක්ෂුද්‍ර ජීවීන් වර්ගයක් ඇතැයි විද්‍යාඥයන් සිතන්නට පෙළඹී ඇත.

අඟහරු වෙත
අඟහරු විද්‍යාගාරය
බාහිර අඟහරු
බීගල් 2
පරිණාමය
වැනි මෙහෙයුම්ය. සෙනසුරුගේ ටයිටන් චන්ද්‍රයාවන කැඩිනි ඒෂණිය
බ්‍රහස්පතිගේ යුරෝපා චන්ද්‍රයා මතට "අයිස් ක්ලිපර්" ද යවා ඇති අතර ඒවා සෞර ග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලයේ වෙනත් ජීවයක් පිළිබඳ බලාපොරොත්තුවෙන් ගවේෂණ කටයුතුවල යෙදේ.

ග්ලීස් 581 c චිත්‍ර ශිල්පියෙකුගේ ඇසින් එය සිය තරුවේ ජනාවාස විය හැකි දුරින් පිහිටි හඳුනාගත් පළමු පිටසක්වල ග්‍රහලෝකයයි.

රසායනික උපකල්පන මඟින් අභ්‍යාවකාශ ජනාවාස විය හැකි දුරින් පිහිටි ග්‍රහ‍ලෝකවල පැවැත්ම වැනි ද්විතීයික ප්‍රශ්නවලට පිළිතුරු දීම තරමක් සාර්ථක වී ඇත. පෙර පුරෝ කථනය කළාම ද වැඩිපුර ඝනත්වයකින් වෙනත් තාරකා වටා ග්‍රහලෝක ඇති බව සනාථ කරමින් වුබ්ල් හා පරිවහන ක්‍රම යොදා ගෙන අති විශාල පිටසක්වල ග්‍රහලෝක සංඛ්‍යාවක් හඳුනාගෙන ඇත. ජනාවාස දුරින් පිහිටි පෘථිවි සිදිසි ප්‍රථම ග්‍රහලෝකය විකිරණ ප්‍රවේග ක්‍රම යොදා ගෙන සොයාගත් ග්ලීස් 581 c වේ.

තාක්ෂික සීමාවන් නිසා මේ දක්වා සොයාගත් ග්‍රහලෝක බහුතරය ජීවයක් ඇති විය හැකැයි සිතිය නොහැකි උණුසුම් වායුමය යෝධයන් වේ. මෙවැනි ග්‍රහලෝකවල චන්ද්‍රයන්ට වඩාත් ජීවීන්ට හිතකර සහ උපස්ථර හෝ මුහුදු තිබීමට ඉඩ ඇත.

පාෂාණ බහුල ලෝහ ගහණ අභ්‍යන්තර සහිත ග්‍රහලෝක සහිත අපගේ පෘථිවිය ජීවයට උචිතම යැයි පැවසීම පිළිගත නොහැකි ප්‍රකාශයකි. හඳුනාගැනීමේ ක්‍රමවල හා නිරීක්ෂණ කාලයේ වැඩි වීම නිසැකවම තවත් අපගේ වැනි ග්‍රහ මණ්ඩල‍සොයා ගනු ඇත. උදා- ග්‍රහලෝකය තාරකාව හා අභ්‍යාවකාශ යානය පසු කිරීමේ දී එහි ආලෝක වක්‍රයේ සිදුවන සුළු වෙනස් වීම් මැනීම මඟින් නාසා කෙප්ලර් මෙහෙයුම පෘථිවියට ප්‍රමාණයෙන් සමාන ග්‍රහලෝක සොයයි. ජීවයට ලැගුම් ගැනීමට වඩාත් උචිතම පාරිසරික තත්ව පිළිබඳ විද්‍යාඥයින්ට අනාවැකි පැවසීමට හැකි පරිදි ජීවය සඳහා පාරිසරික සීමා හා ආන්තික පාරිසරික තත්ව පිළිබඳ සමීක්ෂණ සිදු වෙමින් පවතී.

අධෝරක්ත තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ හා උප මිලිමීටර තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ ඉදිරි ගමන විසින් වෙනත් ප්‍රභා මණ්ඩලවල අන්තර්ගතය එලි කොට ඇත. ඈත තාරකා වටා දූවිලි වළලු හා උල්කාෂ්ම පැවතීම මඟින් ග්‍රහලෝක ඇතිවීමට උපකාරී වන තත්ව අධෝරක්ත ගවේෂණ හඳුනාගෙන ඇත. ආන්දෝලනාත්මක වුව ද ඇතැම් අධොරකත්ත ඡායාරූපවල සෘජු බව ග්‍රහලෝකවල ඡායාරූප වැනි දේ අන්තර්ගතය. අධෝරක්ත හා උපමිලිමීටර් ප්‍රකාශ විද්‍යාව තාරකා වටා රසායන ද්‍රව්‍ය පැවතීම වැඩි වීම හඳුනාගෙන ඇත. එය ජීවයේ සම්භවයට හෝ පැවැත්මට මහෝපකාරී වේ.

අභ්‍යාවකාශ ජීව විද්‍යාව
අභ්‍යවකාශ විද්‍යාව
තාරකා විද්‍යාව
ජීව විද්‍යාව

අභ්‍යාවකාශ ජීව විද්‍යාව


Aşağıdaki, Japonya'yı yönetmiş olan imparatorların listesidir. İlk 28 imparatorun saltanatı için verilen tarihler geleneksel olarak kabul görmüş olanlardır. Özellikle ilk 16'sının döneminde henüz Japon İmparatorluğunun kurulmamış olması kuvvetle muhtemeldir.

Japonya İmparatorları (M.Ö. 660-günümüz)

Yaşayan eski imparatorlar
 itibarıyla yaşayan bir eski imparator bulunmaktadır:

Hirohito (1901-1989), 7 Ocak 1989'da 88 yaşında hayatını kaybederek ölen son eski imparator olmuştur.

Kaynakça

Japonya imparatorları listesi


Deux sous-marins de la Marine indienne ont porté successivement le nom de INS Khanderi. Ils ont aussi en commun le pennant number S22.

 L', un sous-marin de , lancé en 1968 et désarmé en 1989.
 L', un sous-marin de  lancé en 2017 et commissionné en 2019.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Nom de bateau de la Marine indienne

INS Khanderi


II. Murat saltanatında 1421-1429 yılları arasında başvezirlik yapmış Çandarlı Birinci İbrahim Paşa,
 II. Beyazıt saltanatında 1498-1499 yılları arasında sadrazamlık yapmış ve Çandarlılar ailesinin tarihe geçmiş son simasi olan Çandarlı İkinci İbrahim Paşa,

Çandarlı İbrahim Paşa


Et menneske bliver til er en dansk portrætfilm fra 1998, der er instrueret af Lise Roos efter manuskript af Mikkel Bo.

Handling
Det mest interessante er det almindelige, siger Lise Roos i dette filmiske selvportræt. Lise Roos nåede at lave mere end 40 film, de fleste dokumentarfilm om såkaldt almindelige mennesker, f.eks. serierne Familien Danmark, Frikvarteret og umiddelbart før sin død Fik du set det du ville?. I denne film fortæller Lise Roos om sit liv og arbejde, som kvinde, enlig mor og kunstner. Filmen rummer optagelser fra barndomshjemmet med blandt andre faderen, Karl Roos, der døde, da Lise var 10 år, samt optagelser fra de sidste år af instruktørens liv, hvor hun led af kræft i halsen. Filmen er færdiggjort efter Lise Roos' død i 1997 af hendes nærmeste samarbejdspartnere.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Portrætfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1998

Et menneske bliver til


En microbiología, los estándares de turbidez de McFarland se usan como referencia en suspensiones bacteriológicas para saber que el número de bacterias por mililitro, o más bien en UFC según una escala que va de 0.5 a 10. Estos estándares son creados al mezclar soluciones de cloruro de bario al 1% con ácido sulfúrico al 1% en volúmenes específicos, para asegurar la densidad correcta se puede controlar usando espectofotometros.

* con longitud de onda de 600 nm

Los estándares pueden ser visualmente comparados con suspensiones de bacterias en salina estéril o en caldos. Si la suspensión es demasiado turbia, puede añadirse diluyente, y si no es lo suficiente turbia, se puede agregar más bacterias.
La ventaja es que no es necesario incubar ni usar equipo especial para estimar el número de bacterias. La desventaja de este método es que no discrimina a las bacterias vivas de las muertas en la solución, por lo que se puede sobreestimar la población de bacterias.

Casos específicos en los que se usa es en el de antibiogramas o pruebas de sensibilidad, donde es necesario para estandarizar el método y se eviten falsos positivos o negativos.

Referencias

Instrumentos de medición en química
Microbiología

Estándar de McFarland


Ateyyat El Abnoudy (26 de novembro de 1939 - 5 de outubro de 2018), também conhecida como Ateyyat Awad Mahmoud Khalil, foi uma jornalista, advogada, atriz, produtora e diretora de cinema. Nasceu num pequeno povo cerca do Delta do Nilo no Egito. A Abnoudy está considerada uma das diretoras de cinema pioneiras do mundo árabe, já que os seus filmes inspiraram os trabalhos de muitas mulheres árabes na indústria. Tem sido chamada a «cineasta dos pobres» devido Um que essa temática a inspirou um fazer filmes, além das questões relativas um os direitos civis e a condição dos árabes empobrecidos. O Abnoudy recebeu mais de trinta prêmios internacionais pelas suas vinte e dois filmes, dos quais três foram por Horse of Mud (1971).

Primeiros anos e educação

Ateyyat El Abnoudy criou-se num pequeno povo com os seus dois pais numa família de classe média. A Abnoudy assistiu à Universidade do Cairo, onde recebeu o título de advogada; enquanto estudava, trabalhou como atriz num teatro próximo para sustentar a sua educação. Durante a sua carreira conheceu um seu primeiro marido, um jornalista e poeta chamado Abdel-Rahman El Abnoudy. A carreira de Abdel deu-lhe à sua esposa o acesso um uma rede de escritores, poetas e outros artistas do Egito.

Carreira

A Abnoudy teve várias funções no teatro, como diretora de palco e assistente. Em 1972 começou como assistente no Instituto Superior de Cinema do Cairo para finalizar os seus estudos cinematográficos. Enquanto formava-se, criou o Horse of Mud, que além de ser o seu primeiro documentário, foi o primeiro produzido por uma mulher no Egito.

Começou a sua carreira de atriz como forma de se manter enquanto estudava jornalismo. Uma vez que começou a sua carreira neste último campo, tomou um interesse especial pelos pobres do Egito, sobretudo os de sua capital. Isto a inspirou para estudar produção e se converteu numa cineasta que representou à esta classe social de seu país. A Abnoudy rapidamente fez-se conhecida com dois sobrenomes: «a cineasta dos pobres» e «a mãe dos documentários». Inspirou as muitas mulheres cineastas um seguir as suas passos.

A filmes de El-Abnoudy são famosas por tratar assuntos políticos, sociais e económicos do Egito. Desafiaram a censura dos filmes durante a presidência de Anwar el-Sadat. A Abnoudy atacou mais a censura para os cineastas egípcios quando se converteu na primeira mulher em estabelecer sua própria companhia produtora, Abnoudy Film, que financiava um pequenos cineastas como ela.

Filmografia

Prêmios e nomeações

 1971: Três prêmios internacionais no os festivais de cinema Magnífico Prix, Mannheim-Heidelberg e Damasco.
 1972: Prêmio da crítica francesa no Festival de Cinema de Grenoble.
 1990: Prêmio de melhor coprodução em Cinema Jove (Espanha).
 1992: Prêmio da crítica egípcia no Festival Internacional de Documentários e Curtametragens Ismailia.
 1998: Menção de honra no Festival de Cinema Nacional do Ministério de Cultura do Egito.

Referências

Ligações externas

 Entrevista com Kevin Thomas
 Entrevista com Rebecca Hillauer

Atrizes do Egito

Ateyyat El Abnoudy


Prusy este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Bánovce nad Bebravou din regiunea Trenčín. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 610 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Prusy este atestată documentar din 1208.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Prusy, Bánovce nad Bebravou


Perry Miller (born November 22, 1941), known professionally as Jesse Colin Young, is an American singer and songwriter. He was a founding member and lead singer of the 1960s group the Youngbloods. After their dissolution in 1972, Young embarked on a solo career, releasing a series of albums through Warner Bros. Records, including Song for Juli (1973), Light Shine (1974), Songbird (1975) and the live album On the Road (1976). Young continued to release music in the 1980s with Elektra Records and Cypress Records, before deciding to release music through his personal label, Ridgetop Music, in 1993. After the Mount Vision Fire in 1995, Young relocated with his family to a coffee plantation in Hawaii, periodically releasing music. Young received a diagnosis of "chronic Lyme disease" in 2012, and decided to retire from music. He began performing again in 2016 with his son Tristan, releasing a new album Dreamers in 2019 through BMG.

Young's song "Sunlight" was covered by Three Dog Night on their album Naturally (1970), and "Darkness, Darkness" by Robert Plant in 2002, which received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance.

Early life

Perry Miller was born and raised in Queens, New York, to musical parents both originally from Lynn, Massachusetts. His mother was a violinist and singer with perfect pitch, while his father was a Harvard educated accountant. Both of his parents had a passion for classical music, and encouraged Young to play, and he learned piano from a young age. In 1959, Young won a scholarship to attend Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, where he studied classical guitar; however, he was expelled from the strict academy. After finishing high school, Young enrolled in Ohio State University, where he broadened his musical tastes by living behind a record store. After a semester, Young returned to his parents' home in Pennsylvania, later transferring to New York University in 1961. Young balanced his studies with performances at the Greenwich Village; however, he later decided to leave college and become a full-time musician. During this period, he decided on his stage name Jesse Colin Young as a blend of the names of outlaws Jesse James and Cole Younger, and Formula One design engineer and team owner Colin Chapman, as he felt like this was a more appropriate name for the music he performed.

Young met producer Bobby Scott in the early 1960s, who assisted Young in getting studio time. Young's debut album, The Soul of a City Boy, was released in 1964, the result of a four hour recording session backed by an acoustic guitar. Young's cover of the George Remaily song "Four in the Morning" received some radio airplay, and in 1965 Young released a second album produced by Scott, Young Blood.

The Youngbloods

Young met guitarist Jerry Corbitt, a folk singer from Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the pair decided to form a band as a duo called the Youngbloods (named after Young's sophomore album), touring Canada together. Eventually Corbitt's friend Lowell "Banana" Levinger (guitar and electric piano) and drummer Joe Bauer were added to the band, and the group became the house band for the Greenwich Village night club Cafe Au Go Go. During this period, Young switched from performing guitar to performing bass, as the band already had two guitar players. Signing to RCA Records, the band released their debut single "Grizzly Bear" in 1966, and their debut album The Youngbloods in 1967. The group's first album contained the song "Get Together", written by Chet Powers, and was released as a single in 1967 to moderate success; however, after its use in a public service commercial for the National Council of Christians and Jews was released in 1969, it became an international hit for the band. Few of the band's early songs were written by Young: only "Tears Are Falling" and "Foolin' Around (The Waltz)" from their debut album, and four on their Felix Pappalardi-produced follow up album Earth Music (1967) (however the B-sides of both issues of "Get Together" featured songs written by Young).

During the production stages of the band's third album, the Charlie Daniels-produced Elephant Mountain (1969) when the band relocated from New York to California, Corbitt left the band, and Young became the group's main songwriter. The Young-penned singles from the album, "Sunlight" and "Darkness, Darkness", both became hit singles. "Sunlight" was covered the next year by Three Dog Night on their album Naturally (1970). The band formed their own imprint with Warner Bros. Records, Racoon Records, on which they began releasing music in the 1970s.

Return to solo career

In 1970, Young built a recording studio next to his home in Inverness, California, where he began recording his solo album Together, released in 1972 through Warner Bros. Records. Due to the album's success, Young disbanded the Youngbloods after their final album in November 1972, High on a Ridge Top. Young's fourth solo album, Song for Juli (1973), was a sleeper hit, staying on the Billboard 200 for almost a year. Young toured his fifth album, Light Shine (1974), as an opening act for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. Young's third Warner album, Songbird (1975), was his highest charting album (reaching number 26 in the US and number 20 in Canada), and his further Warner releases, the live album On the Road (1976) and Love on the Wing (1977), all charted on the Billboard top 200 albums chart.

In 1978, Young switched labels to Elektra Records, releasing American Dreams (1978), and in 1979 performed as a part of the No Nukes protest concerts organized by Musicians United for Safe Energy. Young's follow up on Elektra, The Perfect Stranger (1982) and a further album on Cypress Records entitled The Highway Is for Heroes (1987) did not meet with as much commercial success as his previous works.

In 1993, Young and his wife Connie founded Ridgetop Music, a label based out of their home in Inverness, in order to re-release Young's 1970s catalog on CD, and as an outlet to release new music. On the label, Young released his albums Makin' It Real (1993), Swept Away (1994) and the compilation album Crazy Boy (1995). Young's house in Inverness was destroyed in the Mount Vision fire in October 1995, after which the family relocated to the Kona Coffee Belt of the Big Island of Hawaii, moving into a coffee farm that Young had purchased in 1987.

Young released the album Walk the Talk in 2001 independently, collaborating with his son Cheyenne Young, godson Ethan Turner, and former Youngbloods member  Lowell "Banana" Levinger. followed by Songs for Christmas in 2002, released as a part of a CD re-release project with Liquid 8 Records. Young's song "Darkness, Darkness" was covered by Robert Plant in 2002, which received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance. In 2004, Young released the Hawaii-influenced album Living in Paradise with Artemis Records.

Young quit performing music in 2012, at the time when he was diagnosed with "chronic Lyme disease". He was inspired to start performing again in 2016, after being impressed by the musicians at his son's graduation recital at the Berklee College of Music, and asked his son to put together a band of his classmates to perform at Young's performance at SXSW. After touring for a year, Young recorded a new solo record with the band, Dreamers, which was released in February 2019.

Influences

Jesse Colin Young was influenced musically by country blues musicians Mississippi John Hurt and Lightnin' Hopkins, blues musician T-Bone Walker and folk singer Pete Seeger.

Personal life

Young was originally married to Suzi Young, with whom he had two children: Juli (born 1966) and Cheyenne. Young's song "Song for Juli" was co-written with Suzi about Juli, while Young wrote "Morning Sun" from Song for Juli (1973) after the birth of his son Cheyenne. In 1967, Young and his Youngbloods bandmates moved to Marin County, California, and in 1971 he built a house on a ridgetop in Inverness, California.  The recording studio at Young's Inverness property, built by Young in 1972, was untouched by the 1995 forest fire, and is currently used as a recording studio by his son Cheyenne's band Beso Negro.

Young met his current wife, Connie Darden-Young,  in the 1980s. Together they have two children, Tristan and Jazzie. Tristan graduated from the Berklee College of Music in 2016. He currently tours with his father as a member of his back-up band, and co-produced Young's album Dreamers (2019). Jazzie (born 1994) https://www.jazzieyoung.com/ is an independent musician, who began releasing music independently in 2017.

In 2006, Young and his family moved to Aiken, South Carolina, which is the hometown of his wife, Connie Young.

Three of Young's children also play bass guitar.

Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Live albums

Singles

References

External links
, official website

1941 births
20th-century American bass guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
American folk singers
American male bass guitarists
Guitarists from New York (state)
Living people
Mercury Records artists
Musicians from Queens, New York
People from Inverness, California
The Youngbloods members

Jesse Colin Young


El Valle de Bada (en indonesio: Lembah Bada; también escrito Valle de Napu, está ubicado en el parque nacional Lore Lindu en el centro de la isla de Célebes, en el país asiático de Indonesia, contiene cientos de megalitos que se remontan al siglo XIV. El propósito de los megalitos y su forma de construcción son desconocidos hasta la fecha.

Véase también
 Geografía de Indonesia
 Geografía de Asia

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Las esculturas megalíticas del Valle de Bada, más antiguas que los moai de la isla de Pascua
 Fotos de la región

Valles de Indonesia

Valle de Bada


Deux poèmes chinois, , recueil de deux mélodies d'Albert Roussel composées en 1907-1908 ;
 Deux poèmes chinois, , recueil de deux mélodies d'Albert Roussel composées en 1927 ;
 Deux poèmes chinois, , recueil de deux mélodies d'Albert Roussel composées en 1932.

Deux poèmes chinois


Eric Christian Olsen (født 31. maj 1977 i Eugene, Oregon) er en amerikansk skuespiller. Han er kendt for at portrættere Detektiv Marty Deeks i CBS-tvserien NCIS: Los Angeles og som Austin i filmen Not Another Teen Movie.

Olsen spillede Jake i ungdomskomedien The Hot Chick. I 2003 landede han rollen som Lloyd Christmas II Dum og dummest: Da Harry mødte Lloyd, fortsættelsen til storsuccessen Dum og dummere.

Olsen er af norsk herkomst.

Eksterne henvisninger

Filmskuespillere fra USA
Tv-skuespillere fra USA
Skuespillere fra Oregon

Eric Christian Olsen


Ioan Bilțiu-Dăncuș (n. 13 martie 1892, Ieud, Maramureș, comitatul Maramureș, Regatul Ungariei – d. secolul al XX-lea) a fost delegat al Reuniunii învățătoriulor români din Maramureș  la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
A urmat Școala Normală de învățători din Sighet, Cursurile fără frecvență ale Universității din Cluj. A fost învățător, profesor de limba română si franceză la liceul Dragoș Vodă din Sighet.

A înființat prima gazetă românească din Maramureș, ziar Sfatul din Sighet. A desfășurat o intensă activitate publicistică, colaborând la publicațiile locale Sfatul, Gazeta Maramureșeană, Maramureșul, Graiul Maramureșului, precum si la diverse publicatii centrale.

În noiembrie 1918 a fost secretar al Consiliul Național Român al comitatului Maramureș. La 1 decembrie 1918  a reprezentat Reuniunea învățătorilor români din comitatul Maramureș.

În 1919 a fost luat prizonier de trupele maghiare pe linia demarcațională de la Săpânța, dar a fost salvat de armata română care între timp ocupase zona.

Note

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în 1892
Decese în secolul al XX-lea
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Educatori români
Învățători și profesori români
Maramureșeni
Români din Austro-Ungaria

Ioan Bilțiu-Dăncuș


Minnesota is a state situated in the Midwestern United States. According to the 2020 United States census, Minnesota is the 22nd most populous state with  inhabitants but the 14th largest by land area, spanning  of land. Minnesota is divided into 87 counties and contains 853 incorporated cities, with populations ranging from 425,096 (Minneapolis) to 12 (Kinbrae) in 2022. Minnesota cities are classified by population as a first class city, a second class city, a third class city, or a fourth class city; this is done for legislative purposes.

Cities in Minnesota

See also
 List of townships in Minnesota
 List of census-designated places in Minnesota
 List of counties in Minnesota

Citations

General and cited references
 U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved February 21, 2010

Minnesota
Minnesota geography-related lists

List of cities in Minnesota


Alek Wek (Wau, Južni Sudan, 16. travnja 1977.) je južno sudansko - britanski model i dizajnerica.

Često je hvale zbog svog utjecaja na percepciju ljepote u modnoj industriji. Godine 2015. uvrštena je kao jedna od 100 žena BBC-a.

Rani život
Alek je rođena u Wauu u Sudanu (sada Južni Sudan ), u dvosobnoj kući bez struje i tekuće vode, i sedmo je od devetero djece u obitelji iz naroda Dinka. Njezina majka Akuol (rođena 1946.) bila je domaćica, a njezin otac Athian (1933. – 1985.) bio je službenik za obrazovanje. Njeno ime navodno znači "crna pjegava krava". Alek je od djetinjstva do 14. godine bolovala od psorijaze.

Kad je 1985. izbio građanski rat u Wauu, obitelj Wek morala je pobjeći od pobunjeničkih i vladinih snaga. Njezin otac, Athian, jednom je slomio kuk u biciklističkoj nesreći, a kuk mu je popravljen metalnim iglama. Duga razdoblja hodanja uzrokovala su infekciju Athianova kuka, a nakon povratka obitelji u Wau, ostao je paraliziran i te je zadobio teško krvarenje. Umro je u rođakovoj kući u Khartoumu. Obitelj je 1991. emigrirala u UK kako bi pobjegla od građanskog rata .

Karijera

Počeci
Nakon što je s 14 godina stigla u London, Alekini problemi s psorijazom su gotovo nestali. Upisala je London College of Fashion i studirala Fashion Business and Technology.

Modnu karijeru započela s 18 godina 1995. godine. Alek je 1995. godine na tržnici na otvorenom u Crystal Palaceu u Londonu otkrio modni scout agencije Models 1. Te se godine pojavila u spotu za pjesmu "Golden Eye" Tine Turner, a nedugo nakon toga započela je raditi kao model. Potpisala je za Ford Models 1996. a te se godine pojavila i u spotu "Got 'Til It's Gone" Janet Jackson. MTV ju je 1997. proglasio "modelom godine" i bila je prva afrička manekenka koja se te godine pojavila na naslovnici časopisa Elle.

Model
Alek je modelirala za mnoge značajne modne kuće. Alek se pojavila na naslovnici američkog, francuskog, njemačkog i južnoafričkog Ellea, te iD -a, Cosmopolitana, Glamoura, Forbes Magazine Africa i Ebony. Također je objavljena u uvodnicima američkog i britanskog Voguea. Godine 2002. debitirala je u filmu The four feathers kao sudanska princeza Aquol. Herb Ritts fotografirao ju je za kalendar 1999. godine s body-paintingom Joanne Gair koji je bio vrhunac Gairove prve retrospektive.

U rujnu 2015. Alek je šetala za Marca Jacobsa na New York Fashion Weeku proljeće/ljeto 2016., a kasnije se pojavila u kampanji za proljeće ljeto 2016. U svibnju 2016. modelirala je četiri naslovnice posebnog izdanja brazilskog časopisa Elle.

Javni imidž
Tamnoputi modeli bili su rijetki, ako ne i nepostojeći, u industriji visoke mode. Kao rezultat toga, Alekin veliki uspjeh proslavile su crne žene diljem svijeta. Oprah Winfrey komentirala je da bi "da je Alek bila na naslovnici časopisa dok sam odrastala, imala bi drugačiji koncept tko sam". U govoru o ljepoti i percepciji sebe, kenijska glumica Lupita Nyong'o izjavila je da je bila samosvjesna, nesigurna tinejdžerka prije nego što je Alek vidjela u centru pažnje: "Kad sam ugledala Alek, nehotice sam ugledala odraz sebe što nisam mogla poreći. Sada sam se osjećala više viđenom, više cijenjenom od strane udaljenih čuvara ljepote ".

Dizajniranje torbica
Alek također dizajnira niz dizajnerskih torbica pod nazivom "Wek 1933", koje su dostupne u odabranim robnim kućama Selfridges. Ime se odnosi na godinu rođenja njezinog oca. Njena inspiracija za dizajn došla je od aktovke od mesingane kopče koju je nosio njezin otac.

Kampanja
Alek je od 2002. savjetnik Savjetodavnog vijeća američkog Odbora za izbjeglice, koje pomaže u podizanju svijesti o situaciji u Sudanu, kao i o teškom položaju izbjeglica u cijelom svijetu.

Ona je misionarka za World Vision, organizaciju koja se bori protiv AIDS -a, ambasadorica Liječnika bez granica u Sudanu i posvećuje vrijeme UNICEF -u.

Godine 2007. objavila je autobiografiju pod naslovom Alek: Od sudanske izbjeglice do međunarodnog supermodela, u kojoj je dokumentirano njeno putovanje od djetinjstva siromaštva u Sudanu do modnih pista.

Godine 2011. pojavila se kao gostujući sudac u šesnaestom ciklusu američkog sljedećeg top modela .

U srpnju 2012. vratila se u Južni Sudan s UN -ovom Agencijom za izbjeglice kako bi istaknula priče o izbjeglicama koje su se vratile sa sjevera i ogromne napore potrebne za izgradnju i stabilizaciju zemlje. Godine 2012. Alek se udružila s Amarulom kao zaštitnim licem njihove kampanje African Originals.

Osobni život
Od 2009. Wek je boravila u Brooklynu u New Yorku . Dvanaest je godina bila u vezi s Riccardom Salom, talijanskim graditeljem nekretnina; razdvojili su se 2013. Ona je teta modela Ataui Deng.

Izvori

Britanski ženski modeli
Južni Sudan

Alek Wek


Louis Félix Marie François Franchet d'Espèrey (25 de maio de 1856 - 8 de julho de 1942) foi um general francês durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Como comandante do grande exército aliado baseado em Salônica, ele conduziu a bem-sucedida campanha macedônia, que causou o colapso da Frente Sul e contribuiu para o armistício.

Carreira
Com a eclosão da Primeira Guerra Mundial, ele deu boas evidências como comandante na Batalha das Fronteiras em agosto de 1914 e, como resultado, subiu rapidamente de posto durante o curso da guerra.

Em 3 de setembro do mesmo ano, o general Joffre confiou-lhe o comando do 5º Exército, em plena retirada e em perigo de ser cercado e destruído. Franchet d'Espèrey soube mostrar-se à altura da situação: ordenando aos seus homens que se virassem, lançou-os para contra-atacar, enquanto ao seu lado o exército. O general French entrou na brecha entre os exércitos de Bülow e von Kluck: «Seu papel - escreveu Joffre em suas memórias - merece ser enfatizado diante da história. Foi ele quem tornou possível a vitória do Marne ».

Franchet d'Espèrey comandou então o grupo do exército do Leste a partir de março de 1916 , depois a partir de janeiro de 1917 o grupo do exército do Norte.

Foi fortemente derrotado pelos alemães na Terceira Batalha do Aisne em maio de 1918. Ele foi então transferido da frente ocidental e nomeado comandante dos exércitos aliados em Salónica; entre 15 e 29 de setembro de 1918, Franchet d'Esperey, no comando de um forte exército composto por tropas gregas (nove divisões), francesas (seis divisões), britânicas (quatro divisões) e italianas (uma divisão), liderou uma ofensiva vitoriosa em a frente macedônia, obtendo a capitulação do exército germano-búlgaro e a saída da Bulgária da guerra. No armistício suas tropas haviam penetrado até a Hungria. Em 1919, com a guerra terminada, Franchet d'Esperey dirigiu operações contra a República Soviética da Hungria.

Ele foi nomeado marechal da França em 19 de fevereiro de 1921.

Ele representou a França na cerimônia de coroação do imperador da Etiópia Haile Selassié, que ocorreu em Adis Abeba em 2 de novembro de 1930. Ingressou na Académie française em 15 de novembro de 1934 .

Morreu em Albi em 1942, descansa na igreja de Saint-Louis no Hôtel des Invalides em Paris.

Marechais da França

Louis Franchet d'Espèrey


An Ectrosiopsis lasioclada in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Elmer Drew Merrill, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Pieter Jansen. An Ectrosiopsis lasioclada in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ectrosiopsis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ectrosiopsis

Ectrosiopsis lasioclada


La microrregión de Vacaria es una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño de Rio Grande do Sul perteneciente a la mesorregión Nordeste Rio-Grandense. Su población fue estimada en 2005 por el IBGE en 158.912 habitantes y está dividida en catorce municipios. Posee un área total de 17.257,515 km².

Municipios
 Bom Jesus
 Cambará do Sul
 Campestre da Serra
 Capão Bonito do Sul
 Esmeralda
 Ipê
 Jaquirana
 Lagoa Vermelha
 Monte Alegre dos Campos
 Muitos Capões
 Pinhal da Serra
 São Francisco de Paula
 São José dos Ausentes
 Vacaria

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Microrregiones de Río Grande del Sur

Microrregión de Vacaria


This is an alphabetical index of articles related to dance.

A
Académie Royale de Danse -
Academy Award for Best Dance Direction -
Acro dance -
Action stroke dance notation -
Aerial dance -
Aerobics -
African dance -
Albanian dances -
Allemande -
Antikristos -
Antimasque -
Arab dance -
Aragonaise -
Armenian dance -
Assyrian folk dance -
The Australian Ballet -
Australian Ballet School -
Australian contemporary dance -
Austrian folk dance -
Authentic Movement -
Awards -
Azerbaijani ballet -
Azerbaijani dances

B
Backup dancer -
Baladi -
Balanchine technique -
Balinese dance -
Ballerina skirt -
Ballet -
Ballet (music) -
Ballet blanc -
Ballet d'action -
Ballet company -
Ballet dancer -
Ballet Folklórico de México -
Ballet Folklórico Oro Lenca -
Ballet Hispanico -
Ballet in Turkey -
Ballet Manila -
Ballet master -
Ballet National de Marseille -
Ballet shoes -
Ballet technique -
Ballets de cour -
Ballets Russes -
Ballon (ballet) -
Ballroom dance -
Barcelona Ballet -
Barn dance -
Baroque dance -
Barre (ballet) -
Basic (dance move) -
Basque dance -
Basse danse -
Bauhaus dances -
Bayerisches Staatsballett -
Beauchamp–Feuillet notation -
Beguine (dance) -
Béjart Ballet -
Belly dance -
Benesh Movement Notation -
Bihu dance -
Biodanza -
Birmingham Royal Ballet -
Black and Blue Festival -
Black Bottom -
Blues dance -
Bogle dance -
Bolshoi Ballet -
Boombal -
Border Morris -
Bournonville method -
Bourrée -
Branle -
Breakdancing -
Breton dance -
British Association of Teachers of Dancing -
British ballet -
British Ballet Organization -
British Sequence Championships -
Buchaechum -
Bulgarian dances -
Burmese dance -
Bush dance -
Byzantine dance

C
Calabrian Tarantella -
Caller (dancing) -
Căluşari -
Canada's National Ballet School -
Canary dance -
Candomblé -
Cecchetti method -
Ceili dance -
Ceremonial dance -
Chaconne -
Character dance -
Chari Dance -
Chicken dance -
Choreography -
Choreography (dance) -
Choreopoem -
Chorus line -
Circassian dance --
Circle dance -
Classical ballet -
Classical Persian dance -
Clog dancing -
Clogging -
Closed position -
Collegiate shag -
Comic ballet -
Competitive dance -
Compulsory dance -
Concert dance -
Connection -
Contact improvisation -
Contemporary ballet -
Contemporary dance -
Contemporary dance in Japan -
Contra body movement -
Contra dance -
Contra dance choreography -
Contra dance form -
Coppélia -
Corps de ballet -
Cotillion -
Council for Dance Education and Training -
Country dance -
Country–western dance -
Courante -
Csárdás -
Cuban National Ballet School -
Cullberg Ballet

D
Dance -
Dance and health -
Dance basic topics -
Dance belt -
Dance card -
Dance costume -
Dance critique -
Dance double -
Dance education -
Dance etiquette -
Dance film -
Dance forms of Tamil Nadu -
Dance hall -
Dance improvisation -
Dance in ancient Egypt -
Dance in Australia -
Dance in California -
Dance in Cambodia -
Dance in Cameroon -
Dance in Canada -
Dance in China -
Dance in Cuba -
Dance in film -
Dance in Hawaii -
Dance in Indonesia -
Dance in Israel -
Dance in Kiribati -
Dance in mythology and religion -
Dance in Nicaragua -
Dance in Quebec -
Dance in Singapore -
Dance in Thailand -
Dance in the Netherlands -
Dance in Rotuma -
Dance in the United States -
Dance in Uzbekistan -
Dance in Venezuela -
Dance in Zimbabwe -
Dance marathon -
Dance move -
Dance music -
Dance notation -
Dance of India -
Dance of the Seven Veils -
Dance of Wallis and Futuna -
Dance on television -
Dance partnering -
Dance party -
Dance permit -
Dance personalities
Dance positions -
Dance research -
Dance science -
Dance slot -
DanceSport -
Dance squad -
Dance studio -
Dance suite -
Dance technology -
Dance theory -
Dance therapy -
Dance troupe -
Dances of Georgia -
Dances of Sri Lanka -
Dances of Universal Peace -
Dancing ban -
Dancing mania -
Dancing with the Stars -
Danish folk dance -
Danse des petits cygnes -
Danseur Étoile -
Danseur noble -
Dansmuseet -
Demi-soloist -
Deutscher Tanzpreis -
Direction of movement (dance) -
Dirk dance -
Don Quixote (ballet) -
Dream ballet -
Dutch folk dance

E
Eccentric dance -
École supérieure de ballet du Québec -
Écossaise -
Ecstatic dance -
Eisa (dance) -
End zone dance -
English country dance -
English National Ballet -
Espringale -
Estampie -
Ethnochoreology -
Etighi Dance -
European dances -
Exotic dancer -
Expressionist dance

F
Farandole -
Faroese dance -
Figure skating lifts -
The Firebird -
Fire dancing -
First dance -
Flagging dance -
Flamenco -
Folk dance -
Folk dance in India -
Folk dance of Mexico -
Folk dances of Punjab -
Footwork (dance) -
Frame (dance) -
Free dance -
Free dance (figure skating) -
French ballet -
Furlana -
Fusion dance

G
Gair dance -
Galliard -
Galop -
Gandrung -
The Gaskell Ball -
Gavotte -
Gay square dance, International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs -
Gayane (ballet) -
Gendang beleq -
Georgian dance -
German Dance Platform -
Ghost Dance -
Gigue -
Giselle -
Goh Ballet Academy -
Graham technique -
Grand pas -
Les Grands Ballets Canadiens -
Greek dances -
Grossvater Tanz -
Grotesque dance -
Group dance

Glossary articles
Glossary of ballet terms -
Glossary of belly dance terms -
Glossary of country dance terms -
Glossary of dance moves -
Glossary of partner dance terms

H
Haka -
Hako (Rapa Nui) -
Hamburg Ballet -
Handhold -
Harlem Shake (meme) -
Higher Institute of Ballet -
Hip hop dance -
Historical dance -
History of ballet -
History of dance -
History of hip-hop dance -
History of the Diablada -
History of the tango -
Hong Kong Ballet -
Hoop dance -
Hopak -
Hornpipe -
House dance -
Hula -
Hungarian dance

I
Ice dancing -
Illuminated dance floor -
Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing -
Indian classical dance -
Indonesian mask dance -
Intermedio -
International Dance Day -
International Dance Organization -
International Dance Teachers Association -
International folk dance -
Interpretive dance -
Irish dance -
Irish set dance -
Italian ballet -
Italian folk dance

J
Jack and Jill (dance) -
Jacob's Pillow Dance -
Jamming (dance) -
Japanese traditional dance -
Javanese dance -
Jeune Ballet de France -
Jig -
Joburg Ballet -
Jumpstyle

K
K-ballet -
Kandyan dance -
Kaosikii dance -
Khener -
Khigga -
Kirov Academy of Ballet -
Klompendansen -
Kolo (dance) -
Korea National Ballet -
Korean dance -
Kpanlogo -
Krumping -
Kuchipudi -
Kumha Pyakhan dance -
Kurdish dance

L
Labanotation -
Ländler -
Latin dance -
Lead and follow -
Lezginka -
Limbo -
Line dance -
Lion dance -
Lipsi (dance) -
Liturgical dance -
Long Sword dance -
Loure -
Lyrical dance

List articles
Glossary of ballet -
Glossary of dance moves -
List of ballets by title -
List of choreographers -
List of Christian dance companies -
List of dance companies -
List of dance companies in Canada -
List of dance occupations -
List of dance organizations -
List of dance people -
List of dance personalities -
List of dance style categories -
List of dancewear -
List of dancers -
List of dances -
List of ethnic, regional, and folk dances by origin -
List of folk dance performance groups -
List of folk dances of Odisha -
List of historical ballet characters -
List of Indian dances -
List of Indian folk dances -
List of national dances -
List of National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees -
List of New York City Ballet repertory -
List of prima ballerinas -
List of Russian ballet dancers -
List of Scottish country dances -
List of street and vernacular dances -
List of theaters for dance -
List of U.S. state dances -
Timeline of ballet

M
Maculelê (dance) -
Majorette (dancer) -
Mako (dance) -
Manipuri dance -
Mariinsky Ballet -
Masque -
Maxixe (dance) -
Maya dance -
Mazurka -
Medal examinations (dance) -
Medieval dance -
Melbourne Shuffle -
Mexcaltitán Ballet -
Middle Eastern dance -
Milonga (dance) -
Minuet -
Mixer dance -
Modern dance -
Modern western square dance -
Molly dance -
Moonwalk (dance) -
Morris dance -
Moscow Ballet -
Moscow State Academy of Choreography -
Motif description -
Mozart and dance -
Musicality

N
Nantgarw tradition -
Narrative ballet -
Nati (dance) -
National Ballet of Portugal -
National Choreographers Initiative -
National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame -
National Dance Day -
National Association of Teachers of Dancing -
Neoclassical ballet -
Nervi International Ballet Festival -
New Vogue (dance) -
New York City Ballet -
Niasse -
Non-dance -
Novelty and fad dances -
The Nutcracker

O
Oleg -
Open position -
Original Ballet Russe -
Original dance

P
Paint Dancing -
Paquita -
Parasol dance -
Paris Opera Ballet -
Participation dance -
Partner dance -
Passamezzo -
Passepied -
Pavane -
Peabody -
Peacock dance -
Persian dance -
Peruvian dances -
Petrushka (ballet) -
Philippine dance -
Physically integrated dance -
Piva (dance) -
Pogo -
Pointe shoe -
Pointe technique -
Pole dance -
Polish folk dances -
Polka -
Polonaise -
Portable dance floor -
Position of the arms in ballet -
Positions of the feet in ballet -
Postmodern dance -
Prima ballerina assoluta -
Principal dancer -
Prix Benois de la Danse -
Prix de Lausanne -
Promenade position -
Prophetic dance -
Psychology of dance -
Pulcinella (ballet) -
Punjabi dance

Q
Quadrille -
Queensland Ballet -
Queer Tango

R
Rain dance -
Rapper sword -
Rave -
Rebolation -
Reel (dance) -
Regency dance -
Release technique -
Répétiteur -
Rigaudon -
The Rite of Spring -
Ritournelle -
Romantic ballet -
Round dance -
Royal Academy of Dance -
The Royal Ballet -
Royal Ballet School -
Royal Danish Ballet -
Royal New Zealand Ballet -
Royal Swedish Ballet -
Royal Winnipeg Ballet -
Russian ballet -
Russian folk dances -
Russian State Ballet of Siberia

S
Sacred dance -
Salsa (dance) -
Saman (dance) -
Samba (Brazilian dance) -
Samba de Gafieira -
Sarabande -
Sardana -
Scala Eisrevue -
Scottish Ballet -
Scottish country dance -
Scottish highland dance -
Scottish sword dances -
Seguidilla -
Sequence dance -
Serpentine dance -
Shakespearean dance -
Short dance -
Showgirl -
Siciliana -
Sirtaki -
The Sleeping Beauty (ballet) -
Slow dance -
Social dance -
Sock hop -
Solo dance -
Soloist (ballet) -
Solomon Islands dance -
Soviet ballroom dances -
Spartacus (ballet) -
Spiral dance -
Spotting (dance technique) -
Split leap -
Square dance -
Stave dancing -
Step dance -
Street dance -
Sukhishvili Georgian National Ballet -
Sun dance -
Sundanese dance -
Swan Lake -
Swing (dance) -
Sword dance -
Syncopation

T
Tambor (dance) -
Tambourin -
Tap dance -
Tarantella -
Taxi dance hall -
Taxi dancer -
Tea dance -
Timeline of ballet -
Tinikling -
Tokyo Ballet -
Tourdion -
Traditional square dance -
Traditional Vietnamese dance -
Troika (dance) -
Turkish Cypriot folk dances -
Turkish dance -
Turnout (ballet) -
Tutu (clothing) -
Twist -
Types of modern dance

U
Ukrainian dance -
Universal Ballet -
University of Dance and Circus

V
Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet -
Variation (ballet) -
Vernacular dance -
Vienna State Ballet -
Viennese waltz -
Vintage dance -
Virginia reel (dance) -
Vogue (dance)

W
Waltz -
War dance -
The Washington Ballet -
Weapon dance -
West Australian Ballet -
Western stereotype of the male ballet dancer -
Wheelchair Dance -
Women in dance -
World Ballet Day -
World Dance Council -
Worship dance

X
Xibelani dance

Y
Yacobson Ballet -
Yemenite step

Z
Zamba -
Zapateado (Mexico) -
Zapateado (Spain) -
Zapin -
Zapin Api -
Zeibekiko -
Zumba -
Zydeco (dance)

By categories

See also

Dance topics

Index of dance articles


NGC 198 este o galaxie spirală situată în constelația Peștii. A fost descoperită în 25 decembrie 1790 de către William Herschel. De asemenea, a fost observată încă o dată în 24 septembrie 1862 de către Heinrich Louis d'Arrest și încă o dată de către Herman Schultz.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 197
 NGC 199

Legături externe
 NGC 198 pe WikiSky
 NGC 198 pe spider.seds.org

Galaxii spirale
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Peștii
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1790
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de William Herschel

NGC 198


NGC 6340 est une galaxie lenticulaire située dans la constellation du Dragon. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 6340 a été découverte par l'astronome germano-britannique William Herschel en .

NGC 6340 a été utilisée par Gérard de Vaucouleurs comme une galaxie de type morphologique (R')SA(r:)0/a dans son atlas des galaxies.

La classe de luminosité de NGC 6340 est I et elle présente une large raie HI. De plus, c'est une galaxie LINER, c'est-à-dire une galaxie dont le noyau présente un spectre d'émission caractérisé par de larges raies d'atomes faiblement ionisés.

La découverte dans sa partie centrale d'un anneau polaire ayant une faible formation continue d'étoiles a été confirmée. Cet anneau serait né d'une fusion mineure avec une galaxie naine, ou à la suite d'une accrétion de gaz froid.

À ce jour, quatre mesures non basées sur le décalage vers le rouge (redshift) donnent une distance de , ce qui est à l'intérieur des valeurs de la distance de Hubble.

Trou noir supermassif
Selon une étude basée sur les mesures de luminosité de la bande K de l'infrarouge proche du bulbe de NGC 6340, on obtient une valeur de  ( de masses solaires) pour le trou noir supermassif qui s'y trouve.

Un triplet de galaxies, le groupe de NGC 6340

Les distances de Hubble de NGC 6340, d'IC 1251 et d'IC 1254 sont respectivement de ,  et de . Ces trois galaxies forment donc un triplet de galaxies.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 6340 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

6340
Constellation du Dragon
Galaxie lenticulaire
Galaxie LINER
Objet céleste découvert en 1788
Objet céleste découvert par William Herschel

NGC 6340


Laissez-faire (/ˌlɛseɪˈfɛər/; termen din franceză cu traducerea literală "lăsați să facă") este un sistem economic în care tranzacțiile între părțile private sunt libere de intervenția guvernului, cum ar fi reglementarea, privilegiile, tarifele și subvențiile. Denumirea de "laissez-faire" face parte dintr-o frază mai mare în franceză și, practic, se traduce prin "lăsați să facă", dar în acest context înseamnă, de obicei, "dați drumul".

Referințe

Capitalism
Liberalism clasic
Individualism
Mișcări politice
Teorii politice
Dreapta politică

Laissez-faire


الصب هو عملية صناعية تي يتم من خلالها صب المواد السائلة في قوالب مجهزة بفتحات وتجويفات على حسب الشكل المطلوب ويتم بعد ذلك تجميد هذه المواد.ويسمى الجزء الصلب-الذي يتم إخراجه من هذه القوالب لاتمام عملية الصب- بالمصبوب وتكون هذه المواد المصبوبة المعادن والسبائك، ومن أمثلة ذلك: الايبوكسى، والخرسانة، والبلاستر«الجص»، والطين. وغالبا ما يستخدم الصب لصناعة الأشكال المركبة التي يصعب صناعتها بالطرق الأخرى الغير اقتصادية.

الصب هو عملية عمرها 6000 سنة. وأقدم عملية صب باقية إلى الآن هي ضفدع نحاسى من سنة 3200 قبل الميلاد.

أنواع الصب

المعادن

تعتبر عملية صب المعادن هي العملية الأكثر شيوعا بين عمليات الصب المختلفة.

البلاستر «الجص»، الخرسانة، أو بلاستيك الراتنج

قد يكون البلاستر «الجص» في حد ذاته مادة مصبوبة، مثله مثل بعض المواد الكيميائية الأخرى مثل بلاستيك الراتنج أو الخرسانة - إما باستخدام قوالب الصب المفردة- كما ذكر سابقا، أو باستخدام قوالب متعددة الاستخدام، أو قوالب مصنوعة من قطع صغيرة مخددة أو من مواد مرنة مثل المطاط اللاتكس (والذي يتم تدعيمه بقوالب خارجية). على عكس الرخام، يفتقر المنتج النهائى من هذه المواد إلى الجذابية، والشفافية، ولذا فإنه يتم دهان هذه المواد لتكتسب المظهر المعدنى أو الحجرى. وأحيانا قد تحتوى الطبقات الأولى من المصبوب على الرمال الملونة وذلك لإكسابها المظهر الحجرى.باستخدام صب الخرسانة، بدلا من الجص، يممكننا إنشاء المنحوتات، والنوافير، أو المقاعد الاسمنتية «المصطبة» للجلوس عليها في الهواء الطلق.ويمكن صناعة نماذج عالية الجودة محاكاة للرخام باستخدام بلاستيكات الرتنج الكيميائية (على سبيل المثال الايبوكسي أو البوليستر) مع بودرة الحجر للتلوين ويتم استخدام ألوان متعددة في كثير من الأحيان، وتستخدم هذه النماذج في صناعة أحواض الحمامات الجذابة والبالنيوهات، كما أن إتقان خلط الألوان يؤدى إلى صناعة نماذج محاكاة من البقع والألوان الموجودة في الرخام الطبيعى.

ملاحظات

انظر أيضا
 صب (عملية)

المراجع

 11

صب


Dubravka Krušelj Jurković (Ludbreg, 11. ožujka 1972.), hrvatska je sopranistica i profesorica pjevanja.

Rođena je u Ludbregu gdje je završila osnovnu glazbenu školu. Godine 1987. upisuje srednju glazbenu školu u Varaždinu, a godinu dana kasnije i solo pjevanje u klasi prof. Darije Hreljanović. Nakon položene mature, 1992. polaže prijemni ispit i upisuje studij solo pjevanja na Sveučilištu za glazbu i scenske umjetnosti u Beču u klasi prof. G. Kronzell-Moulton i prof. H. Karusso. Profesionalnu karijeru uspješno započinje na austrijskoj komornoj i opernoj sceni još za vrijeme studija te bilježi zapažene nastupe.

Na poziv HNK iz Zagreba 1999. debitira u ulozi Prve dame (Mozart, Čarobna frula). Nakon toga uslijedile su uloge Emme (Musorgski, Havanščina), Anne (Verdi, Nabucco) i Leonore (Trubadur: Moć sudbine) u dramskoj predstavi L. Pirandella Večeras se improvizira. 2004. godine upisuje poslijediplomski studij u klasi prof. Cynthije Hansell-Bakić. Osim opernog repertoara pjevala je i niz koncertnih djela među kojima su Mozartova (Krunidbena misa, Regina Coeli, Requiem), Dvořákova (Stabat Mater), Verdijeva (Requiem), Beethovenova (Deveta simfonija), Pergolesijeva (Stabat Mater) itd.

Nastupala je uz Zagrebačku i Bratislavsku filharmoniju, Simfonijski orkestar HRT-a te surađivala s uglednim dirigentima (Roth, Fischer, Dešpalj, Kranjčević, Barišić, Gal, Arp). Od 2005. do 2008. radila je kao profesorica pjevanja u Glazbenoj školi Blagoja Berse u Zadru. Godine 2008. zapošljava se kao profesorica pjevanja na Glazbenom učilištu Elly Bašić gdje i danas radi. Sa svojim je učenicima osvojila brojne nagrade na pjevačkim natjecanjima (HDGPP, Lav Mirski, Bruna Špiler,...) Odgojila je mnoge poznate pjevače među kojima su Nela Šarić, Ivan Turšić, Grga Peroš, Kristina Habuš i dr.

U braku je s tenorom Vedranom Jurkovićem.

Diskografija
Kamilo Kolb: Izbor iz djela (2000.; s Mladenom Kahlinom, Hvalimirom Bledšnajder i Djevojačkim zborom Crkve sv. Petra Schola Cantorum; Hrvatski katolički radio)
Grad Ludbreg (2017.; s Tomislavom Mužekom i Franjom Petrušancem)

Izvori

Hrvatski glazbeni pedagozi
Hrvatski operni pjevači
Životopisi, Ludbreg

Dubravka Krušelj Jurković