EBX Group es una holding brasileña, fundada y presidida por Eike Batista en 1983 y gestiona negocios en los sectores de minería, bienes raíces, energía, energías renovables y entretenimiento. Las empresas del grupo se caracterizan por una «X» en el nombre, «símbolo de la multiplicación de la riqueza», dijo Eike.

Realizaciones del Grupo EBX

El Grupo EBX es formado por seis compañías cotizadas en el Nuevo Mercado de BOVESPA, segmento con los más elevados patrones de gobernabilidad corporativa: OGX (petróleo), MPX (energía), LLX (logística), MMX (minería), OSX (industria naval offshore) y CCX (minería de carbón).El control de esas compañías pertenece al emprendedor brasileño Eike Batista, presidente del Grupo EBX.
Son 15 700 millones de dólares en inversiones entre el 2011 y el 2012, generando más de 20 000 puestos de trabajo en la operación y construcción de sus emprendimientos. En los próximos diez años, el Grupo EBX va a invertir 50 000 millones de dólares.
El grupo cuenta con socios estratégicos y desarrolla emprendimientos con estructuración, con enfoque en tecnología,  estado del arte y generación de riqueza. EBX invierte, principalmente, en los sectores de infraestructura y recursos naturales. También lidera iniciativas en los sectores inmobiliarios, de tecnología, entretenimiento, deporte, minería de oro y cáterin aéreo y ferroviario. Arbitra ineficiencias en el País y actúa en la eliminación de obstáculos para estimular el crecimiento económico nacional.
El Grupo EBX está presente en nueve estados de Brasil, además de Chile y Colombia, y tiene oficinas en Nueva York (EE.UU.).

Tres Décadas de Historia

La trayectoria del Grupo EBX empezó al principio de la década de los 80, con un emprendimiento concebido y ejecutado por Eike Batista: El «Novo Planeta», primera planta aurífera aluvial mecanizada de la Amazonia. A lo largo de los años 80, Eike se convirtió en el presidente del Consejo de Administración y el o principal ejecutivo de TVX Gold. Fue a partir de esta empresa, cotizada en la Bolsa de Valores de Toronto, en Canadá, que el emprendedor da inicio su relación con el mercado de capitales global.

El emprendedor creó 20 000 millones de dólares en valor entre 1980 y el 2000 con la implantación y operación de nueve minas de oro y plata en Brasil y Canadá (Amapari, Casa Berardi, Crixás, Musselwhite, New Britania, Novo Astro, Novo Planeta y Paracatu), aparte de una mina en Chile (La Coipa). En los años 2000, empezó a operar tres minas de hierro en Brasil (Mina 63, Tico Tico y Ipê). Eike estructuró y abrió el capital de seis compañías en el período entre el 2004 y el 2012: OGX, MPX, LLX, MMX, OSX y CCX.

La creación de empleos y la cualificación profesional son bases para el crecimiento del grupo y del País. Hasta el 2014, EBX invertirá R$ 30 millones en la capacitación de 25 mil trabajadores y, paralelamente, ya ha destinado alrededor de R$ 20 millones para financiamientos de proyectos y alianzas con universidades en Brasil, Chile, Colombia y en China. El apoyo abarca a más de diez universidades e instituciones de enseñanza. Entre las beneficiadas están la Coordinación de los Programas de Pos-Graduación en Ingeniería (COPPE) de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro (UFRJ), la universidad china de Tsinghua, el Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Nucleares (IPEN) y la universidad chilena de Valparaíso.

Recursos Naturales e Infraestructura

El Grupo EBX actúa con el enfoque prioritario en infraestructura y recursos naturales. MMX, compañía de minería del grupo, ya produce mineral de hierro en Minas Gerais y en Corumbá, en Mato Grosso do Sul y planea cuadruplicar su capacidad de producción en los próximos años. Para alcanzar esta meta, cuenta con el Superpuerto Sureste, en construcción en Itaguaí (RJ), que será el catalizador de la expansión de la compañía.

En el área de energía,  MPX, que en el 2011 inició la operación de la primera usina solar en escala comercial de Brasil, en Tauá (CE). En el 2012, entrarán en operación dos usinas termoeléctricas de la compañía: Energía Pecém (CE) e Itaqui (MA). Para el 2013, está previsto el inicio de las operaciones de la usina de Pecém II (CE) y de la primera fase de la UTE Parnaíba (MA). La segunda fase será iniciada en el 2014.

Ya LLX, compañía de logística del grupo, coordina la construcción del Superpuerto de Açu, en São João da Barra (RJ), el mayor y más eficiente complejo puerto-industria de América Latina, con atracción de inversiones productivas del orden de 40 000 millones de dólares en los próximos años y con una revisión de generación de 50 000 empleos, directos e indirectos, el superpuerto abrigará la Unidad de Construcción Naval de Açu (UCN Açu), en la cual OSX – compañía del Grupo EBX que actúa en la industria naval offshore – está invirtiendo 1700 millones de dólares. UCN Açu tendrá una capacidad para la construcción simultánea de hasta 11 FPSOs (unidades fluctuantes de producción, almacenamiento y transferencia de petróleo y gas) y ocho WHPs (plataformas fijas) y va a generar 14 000 empleos directos. OSX está enfocada en suplir la demanda por soluciones integradas en los segmentos de construcción naval, flete de las Unidades de exploración y producción (E&P) y servicios de operación y manutención (O&M).

En el segmento de petróleo y gas, OGX es responsable por la mayor campaña exploratoria privada en curso en Brasil. Creada en el 2007, la compañía está entre las principales productoras de petróleo del país. En enero del 2012, OGX dio inicio en tiempo récord – poco más de dos años contados a partir de la descubierta – a la extracción de petróleo en la acumulación de Waimea, en la Cuenca de Campos (RJ). OGX posee un cartera compuesta por 30 bloques exploratorios en Brasil, en las Cuencas de Campos, Santos, Espírito Santo, Pará-Maranhão y Parnaíba, y cuatro bloques exploratorios en Colombia, en las Cuencas de Cesar-Ranchería y Vale Inferior de Madalena.

La compañía del Grupo EBX creada a partir de la cisión de los activos de minería de carbón de MPX en Colombia, CCX desarrolla en este país el mayor proyecto greenfield de minería de carbón integrada de América Latina. Con una producción estimada en 35 millones de toneladas al año, este proyecto contempla una mina subterránea (San Juan), dos minas a cielo abierto (Cañaverales y Papayal), y un sistema logístico integrado, dedicado y eficiente, compuesto por una ferrovía de 150 km de extensión y un puerto de aguas profundas capaz de operar navíos del tipo capesize.

Colombia concentra inclusive inversiones del Grupo en la minería de oro. En marzo del 2011, el grupo adquirió, a través de AUX, el control accionario de la minera canadiense Ventana Gold, que detiene derechos mineros en la región de California-Vetas, área histórica de minería en el norte de Colombia. La suma de los activos de la compañía garantiza al Grupo EBX uno de los más ricos depósitos de oro subterráneo del mundo.

Aparte de la minería de carbón y de oro, el grupo desarrolla aún una campaña exploratoria de petróleo en Colombia.

En América del Sur, Chile también cuenta con inversiones del Grupo EBX, que incluyen el mayor emprendimiento de generación licenciado del país (2100 MW), integrado al puerto dedicado de aguas profundas y a la producción de mineral de hierro.

Otras Frentes de Actuación

REX es la empresa del segmento inmobiliario del Grupo EBX. Creada en el 2008 para identificar oportunidades en el sector inmobiliario, la compañía entró en operación en el 2011, con enfoque de actuación en el desarrollo urbano y activos para renta. La cartera de negocios de la empresa contempla, entre otras iniciativas, la revitalización del Hotel Glória, rebautizado como Gloria Palace Hotel, el centro médico integrado MD.X Medical Center, el Centro Empresarial R3X Leblon y el Hotel Parque de Flamengo, en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro.

El Grupo EBX también invierte en el área de tecnología, a través de SIX Soluciones Inteligentes. Creada en octubre del 2011, SIX surgió a partir de la adquisición del control de AC Ingeniería, empresa con 18 años de experiencia en el mercado nacional, con enfoque en los sectores de operación de petróleo y gas. En abril del 2012, el Grupo e IBM anunciaron una sociedad estratégica. El acuerdo incluye la adquisición por IBM del 20 % de SIX Automación, subsidiaria de SIX Soluciones Inteligentes, y la creación de un centro para el desarrollo conjunto de soluciones tecnológicas e inversiones en P&D (investigación y desarrollo) direccionado principalmente para los sectores de recursos naturales e infraestructura, además del outsourcing para IBM de actividades operacionales de TI del Grupo EBX.

Ya IMX — una joint venture con la americana IMG Worldwide — es la empresa de deporte y entretenimiento del grupo, direccionada a la realización de eventos y producción de contenidos de entretenimiento  en las áreas de deporte, moda y música. Aún en el 2011, el Grupo EBX creó NRX-Newrest, para operar en los sectores de cáterin aéreo y ferroviario en Brasil. Fruto de una joint venture con Newrest, única gran empresa mundial que actúa en todos los segmentos de cáterin y servicios anexos,  NRX-Newrest presta servicios de alimentación y apoyo operacional onshore y offshore, limpieza, hospitality, entre otros. El grupo desarrolla inclusive iniciativas en las áreas de deporte, entretenimiento, hotelería, gastronomía, salud y medio ambiente en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, donde está ubicada EBX.

Sinergia

El Grupo EBX captura las diversas sinergias existentes entre sus negocios. El mineral de hierro de MMX será transportado para el Superpuerto Sureste, de donde será exportado para todo el mundo. Las chapas de acero producidas por las siderúrgicas instaladas en el complejo industrial del superpuerto de LLX serán utilizadas por OSX en la producción de equipos offshore, fletados para OGX para su producción de petróleo y gas. El carbón de las minas de CCX en Colombia será transportado hasta las termoeléctricas de MPX ubicadas a lo largo de la costa brasileña y en el superpuerto de LLX, y la energía generada será suministrada para las industrias ubicadas en el complejo industrial. El gas natural producido por OGX puede suplir las térmicas de MPX ubicadas en el complejo industrial del superpuerto de LLX. El superpuerto de LLX podrá servir de base terrestre para la producción de petróleo y gas de OGX. MPX va a suministrar energía para la principal unidad operacional de MMX en Minas Gerais.

Acciones Socio-ambientales en el País

EBX y sus compañías apoyan más de 170 iniciativas socio-ambientales en el País, entre ellas la conservación de tres parques nacionales (Lençóis Maranhenses, Fernando de Noronha y Pantanal). Además de ello, crea y mantiene tres reservas propias: Reserva Particular del Patrimonio Natural (RPPN) Engenheiro Eliezer Batista (pantanal), Quebrada del Morel (Desierto de Atacama) y Caruara (restinga; apoya la gestión de cuatro RPPNs en el Pantanal (Dorochê, Acurizal, Penha y Rumo al Oeste) y la creación de otras diez en Ceará. El Grupo EBX apoya aún el Corredor Ecológico de Muriqui, uno de los mayores proyectos de restauración de la Mata Atlántica ya desarrollados en Brasil, y la preservación de la Reserva Manancial de Cañaverales, en Colombia.

En el área social, los programas de reubicación de familias de Vila Nova Canaã, en Maranhão, y Vila da Terra, en São João da Barra (RJ); el apoyo a la construcción del Centro Pediátrico del Cáncer (CPC), en Ceará; y el apoyo al Hospital Pro Niño, en Río de Janeiro, son algunos ejemplos de acciones realizadas por el grupo en los últimos años.

En Río de Janeiro, el Grupo EBX destinará R$ 20 millones por año, hasta el 2014, al proyecto de las Unidades de la Policía Pacificadora (UPPs), nuevo modelo de seguridad pública y vigilancia. Los recursos serán usados por la Secretaría Estatal de Seguridad para la compra de equipos y obras de infraestructura y logística de las unidades.

El Grupo EBX invierte en la preservación de la historia y de la cultura. En Belo Horizonte, implantó y mantiene el Museo de las Minas y del Metal (MMM), concebido para destacar la relación de la historia y de las expresiones culturales de Minas Gerais, a través de dos de las principales actividades económicas del estado: la minería y la metalurgia. En 18 salas, están instaladas 44 atracciones, siendo 11 instalaciones dedicadas a las principales minas del estado, en un área de casi 6000 metros cuadrados. En ambientes virtuales, los visitantes pueden interactuar con los espacios creados para permitir una intensa vivencia por el mundo de los metales y minerales. Las atracciones son humanizadas a través de personajes históricos y ficticios del MMM como D. Pedro II, el Barón de Eschwege, Xica da Silva y otros, que presentan el museo a los visitantes de forma lúdica e interactiva.

Empresas
 OGX - Explotación y producción de petróleo y gas natural
 MMX - Minería
 MPX - Generación de energía y minería del carbón
 LLX - Logística
 BFX - Alcohol de celulosa
 OSX - Construcción naval
 REX -  Bienes raíces
 MD.X- Empresa de bienes raíces que agrupa clínicas, consultorios, etc, en el mismo espacio
 Mr Lam - Restaurante chino
 Pink Fleet - Paseo en barco por la Bahía de Guanabara
 Porto de Peruíbe
 Glória Palace Hotel
 Rio Marina da Glória
 BEAUX
 SIX

Antiguas empresas
 JPX - Empresa de todoterrenos

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Sitio web oficial

EBX

Grupo EBX


Kontinuum er íslensk þungarokkssveit sem stofnuð var árið 2010. Tónlistin er undir áhrifum gotneskts rokks, gotnesks þungarokks og post-rokks. Plata þeirra Earth Blood Magic, var valin rokkplata ársins af Morgunblaðinu 2012.

Meðlimir
Birgir Þorgeirsson -Söngur
Engilbert Hauksson - Bassi
Ingi Þór Pálsson - Gítar
Erik Quick - Trommur
Þorlákur Þór Guðmundsson - Gítar

Fyrrum meðlimir
Kristján Einar Guðmundsson - Trommur
Kristján B. Heiðarsson - Trommur

Breiðskífur
Earth Blood Magic (2012)
Kyrr (2015)
No Need to Reason (2018)

Smáskífur
2012: "Steinrunninn Skógur"
2012: "Moonshine"
2014: "Í Huldusal"
2014: "Breathe"
2018: "Two Moons"
2020: "Shivers"
2021: "Hjartavél"

Tengill
Kontinuum Facebook
Kontinuum Bandcamp
Kontinuum - Season of Mist

Íslenskar þungarokkshljómsveitir

Kontinuum


Formații rock 12 reprezintă al doisprezecelea disc al seriei Formații rock și a fost editat de casa de discuri Electrecord din România în anul 1989. Pe acest disc apar formațiile Autostop din Târgu Mureș și Miorița din București, fiecare dintre ele ocupând câte o față a LP-ului.

Lista pistelor
Fața 1 (Autostop):
 Taina junglei (Petru Dan / Petru Dan)
 Doar o privire (Bela Nagy / Costel Crăciun)
 Alerg după o stea (Bela Nagy / Petru Dan)
 O noapte și o zi (Petru Dan / Petru Dan)

Fața 2 (Miorița):
 Aș vrea să-ți spun (Romeo Ifrim / Lucian Avramescu)
 Am fost ștrengar (Romeo Ifrim / Lucian Avramescu)
 Doi tineri frumoși (Romeo Ifrim / Lucian Avramescu)
 Bun rămas (Romeo Ifrim / Lucian Avramescu)

Componența formațiilor
Autostop (Târgu Mureș):
 Petru Dan – vocal, chitară
 Bela Nagy – chitară, voce
 Ianos Szocs – claviaturi, voce
 Levente Meszaros – chitară bas
 Laszlo Iozsi – baterie
 Gabriel Marinescu – efecte muzicale

Miorița (București):
 Romeo Ifrim – vocal
 Vasile Mardare – chitară
 Gheorghe Suciu – claviaturi
 Ion Zamfir – chitară bas, voce
 Fănel Necoară – baterie, voce

Formația Autostop prezentă pe acest disc mai era cunoscută în epocă ca Autostop MS, pentru a nu fi confundată cu formația omonimă din Timișoara, înființată de Adrian Bărar.

Note

Legături externe
 Pagina albumului Formații rock 12 pe site-ul Discogs.com
 Plămădeală, Mihai. Recenzia albumului Formații rock 12 , articol publicat pe site-ul Muzici și faze  (9 decembrie 2004)
 Albumul Formații rock 12 pe YouTube

12
Albume din 1989
Albume rock
Discuri Electrecord LP (30 cm)
Discuri Electrecord cu muzică de divertisment

Formații rock 12


Matthew Hale Carpenter (born Decatur Merritt Hammond Carpenter; December 22, 1824 – February 24, 1881) was an American attorney and U.S. Senator representing the state of Wisconsin. He served in the Senate from 1869 to 1875 and again from 1879 to 1881. Recognized as an authority on constitutional law, he made some of the most important legal arguments of 19th-century America. Carpenter presented cases before the U. S. Supreme Court involving such matters as states' rights and regulation of corporations.

Originally a Democrat, he evolved into a Republican during the Civil War, and helped perpetuate the party's political machinery in Wisconsin. His sustained support for President Ulysses S. Grant's administration despite allegations of corruption lost him the backing of reformers, and his legal arguments in favor of Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden in the disputed presidential election of 1876 outraged many Republicans. A gifted orator, he was dubbed "the Webster of the West."

Background and education
Carpenter was born in Moretown, Vermont, in the Mad River Valley of the Green Mountain range. His pioneering forebears were English, and came to America soon after the Pilgrims. His grandfather Cephas Carpenter (1770–1860) helped establish Moretown, owned a store, served as a colonel in the militia and took part in the War of 1812.  Cephas Carpenter served in local office including justice of the peace, and though not a member of the bar, possessed wisdom and eloquence that led to a career as an advocate in the local courts.

His son Ira Carpenter (1798–1862) was chiefly a farmer, but he also gained prominence through positions such as justice of the peace, postmaster and state legislator.

Grandson Merritt displayed intelligence and oratorical talents at an early age, impressing people with his abilities to recite Cicero and exhort at religious revivals. He also displayed an aversion to physical work.

After an explosive argument with a schoolmaster, the 13-year-old Carpenter was expelled from school. He was dissatisfied with the limits of Moretown, and left home to live and study law under the tutelage of family friend (and future Vermont governor) Paul Dillingham in nearby Waterbury. For four years Carpenter attended the local grade school while absorbing Dillingham's law library. Having received an appointment to the United States Military Academy through Vermont Congressman John Mattocks, Carpenter continued his studies, but he disliked military life and resigned in August 1845, citing poor health.

He returned to live in Dillingham's home and managed his law office while Dillingham was then a congressman in Washington, D.C. Upon Carpenter's admission to the Vermont bar in November 1847 Dillingham offered to make him his law partner, but Carpenter declined so he could further his law studies under Rufus Choate of Boston. Choate was also impressed with Carpenter, and after a few months he too offered him a partnership, but Carpenter sought to make a name and career for himself in the West.

Wisconsin attorney
After reading that the territory of Wisconsin had passed its constitution and was soon to become a state, Carpenter chose to migrate west and begin his career as a lawyer in Beloit on the endorsement of that spot by the New England Emigrating Society's Dr. Horace C. White. Arriving in June 1848, Carpenter quickly established a reputation as a successful and affordable attorney, attracting much acclaim from the local community.

His practice was interrupted by a painful inflammation of his eyes which rendered him blind. After traveling to New York to seek treatment, his sight gradually recovered after a year as he convalesced in the Waterbury home of his mentor Dillingham. Before returning to Wisconsin he became engaged to Dillingham's daughter Catherine, and they married five years later.

In 1850 Carpenter returned to resume his law practice in Beloit using a new name, Matthew (Matt) Hale Carpenter, after Sir Matthew Hale, the noted English jurist of the 17th century. Despite an earlier warning from Choate to steer clear of politics, Carpenter successfully ran for Rock County district attorney, serving from 1850 to 1852 and 1854 to 1856. He was a Democrat in the tradition of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson, but he disdained the party's pro-slavery platform while also rejecting Whig Party notions of opposing slavery based on "higher law"—the idea that individual belief of right and wrong permitted an individual to violate objectionable statutes and ordinances. After appearing to lose a close election for another term as Rock County district attorney in 1854, Carpenter successfully argued that courts could look beyond election board certifications and re-examine voter returns, resulting in the election being overturned.

Gardner v. Tisdale
In 1855 Carpenter discovered that many Beloit residents did not hold legal title to their land because it was sold to them by someone who had pre-empted the land but had not received official title from the government (Congress had previously outlawed the pre-emption of non-agricultural land). Carpenter put forth the theory that the original pre-emptor was still technically the owner of the property.  After several complicated transactions, some of which included Paul Dillingham selling new titles to the landowners, and appeals as far as the United States Supreme Court, which included participation by Dillingham, Rufus Choate, Abraham Lincoln and other prominent attorneys, Carpenter's legal theory was rejected in a similar case, so the Wisconsin case was withdrawn.

Barstow-Bashford election dispute
Wisconsin's gubernatorial election of 1855 was thrown into doubt when incumbent Democratic governor William A. Barstow was ruled the 157-vote victor over Republican Coles Bashford by a board of canvassers friendly to Barstow. Discrepancies were discovered in the election returns and political tensions rose as both parties claimed the office and swore in their candidates. Hired by Barstow, Carpenter stalled by repeatedly postponing the case before the state supreme court. He claimed that they held no jurisdiction because elections were matters of the executive branch, which had ruled Barstow the winner. Nevertheless, the court did claim jurisdiction and the ability to examine election tallies (as Carpenter had previously argued for his own election for district attorney). Barstow then resigned, elevating Lieutenant Governor Arthur MacArthur to the governorship. After the court ruled that Bashford was the rightful governor, MacArthur gave up the office. Barstow subsequently refused to pay Carpenter his fee.

Despite his defeat Carpenter had demonstrated his legal prowess to the state. A high volume of his cases required his presence in federal court in Milwaukee, leading to him locating his practice there in 1858. He was also coaxed there by Democratic party boss Josiah Noonan, who arranged a law partnership between Carpenter and Edward G. Ryan, another highly regarded attorney and a force in the state Democratic Party. Despite their excellent credentials, they proved to be temperamentally incompatible, and ended their partnership the next year.

By the time Carpenter moved to Milwaukee he had become adept in the area of railroad litigation and sued many railroads on behalf of investors left holding bonds made worthless by fraudulent manipulation. His debut before the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in his winning a judgment against the La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad Company. He was also successful as part of a team of lawyers defending abolitionist Sherman Booth from a charge of rape.

Loyal Democrat during the Civil War
Carpenter supported Democrat Stephen Douglas in the 1860 presidential election, viewing Republican Abraham Lincoln as an honest but incompetent sectional candidate. Yet, he warned those in his party that he saw secession as treason, and he would be "the first man to raise a musket" in defense of the Constitution. Following the Confederates' attack on Fort Sumter in 1861, Carpenter did not enlist but became a rousing speaker in support of the Union cause.

While he saw that many federal actions would be unconstitutional in peacetime, he reasoned that arbitrary arrests and suspensions of habeas corpus were acts of self-preservation during wartime and thereby permitted. He also became an early advocate for emancipation, but only as a war measure rather than an act of humanity. Excluded from meetings of the Democratic leadership, Carpenter joined other like-minded party members of the "Loyal Democracy" in considering a third party in Wisconsin, but nothing came of it.

Personal letters he had written saying Lincoln was "idiotic" found their way into newspapers, but Carpenter supported him for re-election in 1864 by making numerous pro-Union and pro-Lincoln speeches.

Defining the Reconstruction Acts
Carpenter was the key attorney in a series of landmark cases before the U.S. Supreme Court which helped define states' rights by determining the legality of the Reconstruction acts passed by Congress.

Ex parte Garland dealt with the disbarment from federal courts of Southern lawyers who refused to take an oath swearing they had not taken up arms or assisted the Confederacy. Carpenter argued that the act passed on January 24, 1865, was ex post facto (the war had since ended) and a bill of attainder (it punished without a trial). In December 1865 the court upheld his argument with the majority opinion employing phrases from Carpenter's brief.

Ex parte McCardle concerned the legal authority of the occupying Union Army. Confederate Colonel William H. McCardle, the editor of the Vicksburg Times, was charged with defying military authority by inciting rebellion, libeling federal officials, and intimidating voters. After the circuit court denied him a writ of habeas corpus, McCardle appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. Carpenter argued that the court lacked jurisdiction over a president's official acts, as in a similar case of his, Georgia vs. Grant. Rather than claiming the Union's "right of conquest," Carpenter said the Southern states had surrendered their constitutional protections when they had seceded, essentially reverting to territories.

After he concluded his eloquent arguments, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton hugged him, declaring "Carpenter, you have saved us!" Even McCardle's attorney Jeremiah S. Black lauded him as "the first Constitutional lawyer in the country." However, Radical Republicans in Congress feared that the reconstruction acts would be ruled unconstitutional, so they quickly pushed through a law repealing the Habeas Corpus Act of 1867, barring jurisdiction in pending cases and preventing a clear decision from being rendered by the court.

In the Slaughterhouse cases Carpenter represented the Crescent City Livestock Landing and Slaughterhouse Company, which had been granted a monopoly on all slaughterhouse business in New Orleans by the carpetbag state legislature of Louisiana in 1869. Butchers and cattle dealers thrown out of work by the law obtained an injunction from a district court, claiming they had been denied equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment and deprived of property under the due process clause. Making a plea for states' rights, Carpenter contended that the amendment had been intended solely to elevate African Americans and had no bearing on economic statutes passed by a state. He also warned of too many powers being centralized in the federal government. The court concurred in Carpenter's narrowing of the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment.

In Bradwell vs. Illinois, Carpenter sought to broaden the amendment's protections in the case of the editor of the Chicago Legal News, Myra Bradwell, who had been denied admission to the bar of the Illinois Supreme Court because she was a woman. Representing Bradwell, Carpenter argued that no class of people could be excluded from practicing the legal profession. The federal court disagreed, questioning the propriety of ruling on a state's qualifications for admission to the bar.

These cases brought Carpenter handsome fees, national acclaim, and much derision from the losing factions. He'd also won the support of Stanton and President Ulysses S. Grant, who both urged him to run as a Republican for the U.S. Senate.

Republican senator
Following the Civil War Carpenter's transformation from a Jeffersonian Democrat into a Republican was complete. Despite reports that he backed President Andrew Johnson's policies, he made speeches supporting the Radical congress. He called for the enfranchisement of African-American men and invited members of the Loyal Democracy to join the Republicans, as he himself did in the summer of 1867 with his support for Governor Lucius Fairchild's re-election.

With high-profile backing Carpenter ran successfully for the senate seat occupied by James R. Doolittle, a "Johnsonized" Republican who had fallen out of favor with his party. With his victory he solidified his status with the "Madison Regency," a Republican group that included former governor and Johnson's Postmaster General Alexander Randall, Madison postmaster Elisha W. Keyes and Wisconsin State Journal editor and Republican state central committee chairman Horace Rublee. After Rublee was appointed minister to Switzerland by President Grant, Keyes became party chairman and closely coordinated with Carpenter to distribute federal patronage jobs to political allies.

Once in the Senate, Carpenter moderated his views to the degree that he became one of the spokesmen of the emerging Stalwart Republicans. He opposed any "fundamental conditions" placed on states wishing to be readmitted to the Union, and favored blanket amnesty for former Confederates. Carpenter was known as one of the staunchest supporters of the Grant administration. In the Senate he presented an unabashed defense of political patronage, mocking the idea of civil service reform. Carpenter would garner a reputation for his oratory skills as a member of the Senate, including with a return to Beloit in 1869. At Beloit College, he gave a foreign policy speech that has been deemed particularly historically significant.

He also feuded with Liberal Republican senators Charles Sumner and Carl Schurz over many issues. He delivered a sarcastic denunciation of Sumner's wide-reaching civil rights amendment to the Confederate amnesty bill. As the chair of an investigating committee he also debunked Sumner and Schurz's claim that the War Department had broken its neutrality when it sold outmoded rifles to France during the Franco-Prussian War. Despite such skirmishes Carpenter was a respected figure in the senate, being elected president pro tempore by his colleagues in 1871. He also served as chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills (42nd Congress) and the committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expense (42nd and 43rd Congresses).

As part of another committee inquiry, Carpenter went to Louisiana to investigate election claims in order to determine the rightful governor of the contested state. His report was highly critical of both factions, but he urged the recognition of Republican governor William P. Kellogg. Years later Carpenter's impartiality was called into question when personal letters revealed a close relationship between the two, including a "desperately short" Carpenter asking Kellogg for a $1,000 loan.

Drawing fire from press and party
As Carpenter's influence grew within the Grant administration, so did the condemnations from the press. One of his Senate investigations resulted in two journalists being jailed for not divulging the source of a leaked treaty. Opposition newspapers like the New York Tribune responded by not only criticizing Carpenter's methods, but by also condemning his moral character by bringing his private life into question. Later in his term editors accused Carpenter of trying to effectively "gag" newspapers by advancing a bill that would allow judicial process to be served upon the agents (i.e. interviewers) of persons involved in civil suits.

In 1873 Carpenter angered many in his own party by taking positions that ran counter to the stalwart doctrine. In a spirit of reform he boldly owned up to administration excesses such as the Credit Mobilier and the "Salary Grab," defending them in a speech in Janesville. In a speech at Ripon he denounced the railroads, insisting they were public highways paid for with government land grants. He also stated his belief that the government has a right as well as a duty to regulate corporations.

Wishing to make the Milwaukee Sentinel into a more reliable organ for the state Republican party, Carpenter and other backers bought the paper and forced out editor Alexander M. Thomson, who had been instrumental in getting Carpenter elected senator. Thomson was now deemed too critical of the party machine. His ousting made him a lifelong enemy of Carpenter. The Sentinel soon was seen as Carpenter's personal mouthpiece.

Despite the incessant criticism, Carpenter was seen as being easily re-elected in 1875. Nevertheless, a surprise bolt by disgruntled Republicans combined with votes by calculating Democrats resulted in the election of Angus Cameron, a La Crosse Republican.

Out of office and under scrutiny
In 1875 Carpenter was implicated in the Whiskey Ring scandal that funneled federal liquor tax revenues to some states' Republican parties. Although he was close to key participants in the Milwaukee ring, no evidence emerged to prove his involvement.

During this time Carpenter, along with Jeremiah S. Black and Montgomery Blair, was also defending Grant's Secretary of War William W. Belknap against charges that he had accepted money in exchange for the appointment of a post trader. Despite Belknap's immediate resignation outraged House Democrats proceeded with his impeachment. Carpenter portrayed Belknap as the hapless victim of a social-climbing wife, but his legal victory relied on his assertion that jurisdiction over Belknap ended with his resignation.

Also in 1875 Carpenter was defense counsel for officials of the Miners' National Association (MNA) in an important labor case that sought to apply the legal concept of conspiracy to union picketing and organization efforts. The case grew out of a coal miners' strike in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, which was supported by the MNA, then numerically one of the largest American trade unions. First over fifty of the striking workers were tried upon a charge of criminal conspiracy and thirty-six of them were convicted with some sentenced to jail, although they appeared to have been guilty of no more than peaceful picketing. Then John Siney, the president of the MNA, and Xingo Parks, one of the union's best organizers, were tried on the same charge. Siney was acquitted, but Parks convicted, although pardoned shortly thereafter.

Following the disputed presidential election of 1876, Carpenter was hired by supporters of the Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden to examine Louisiana's vote counts and argue for victory over Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. Carpenter's first-hand accounts of the corrupt Republican state administration gave the Democrats some reason for hope, but ultimately the partisan make-up of the special electoral commission (7 Republicans, 6 Democrats) and its refusal to look behind the certified counts made many of their rulings a forgone conclusive win for Hayes.

Return to the senate
Despite ongoing press criticism and declining health, in 1878 Carpenter launched a bid for the senate seat occupied by Republican Timothy Howe. With the help of a strong lobby, he won over enough votes in the legislature to prevail over state party boss (and former friend) Elisha W. Keyes.

Carpenter's second term as senator lacked the political drama of his Reconstruction years. He spoke in favor of President Rutherford B. Hayes's maintenance of federal troops at southern polling places. He also vigorously opposed the Democrats' proposed pardoning of General Fitz-John Porter for ignoring General John Pope's orders at Manassas in 1863, arguing that the power of pardon resides solely with the president. Carpenter remained a loyal supporter of President Grant in his quest for a third term, igniting bitter debates between Carpenter and White House aspirant Senator James G. Blaine of Maine.

Death
While Carpenter's evident declining health was attributed to his indulgent lifestyle, he also suffered from the lung congestion of Bright's disease. After a cycle of relapses and recoveries he died on February 24, 1881, at his Washington, D.C., home surrounded by friends and family. He was buried at Forest Home Cemetery in Milwaukee.

Family
In 1855 Carpenter married Caroline Dillingham, the daughter of Paul Dillingham. They were the parents of four children.  Daughters Ada and Annie were born and died in 1860. The other two lived to adulthood—a daughter named Lilian (1857–1942) and a son named Paul Dillingham Carpenter (1867–1932).  Paul D. Carpenter was an attorney in Milwaukee and also served as judge of the county court.

See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

Notes

References

Further reading
 Flower, Frank A.  Life of Matthew Hale Carpenter. Madison, Wis.: David Atwood & Co., 1883.
  Memorial Addresses on the Life and Character of Matthew H. Carpenter, A Senator from Wisconsin. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1882.

External links

1824 births
1881 deaths
People from Moretown, Vermont
American people of English descent
Wisconsin Democrats
Wisconsin Republicans
Republican Party United States senators from Wisconsin
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
19th-century American politicians
Politicians from Beloit, Wisconsin
Politicians from Milwaukee
Massachusetts lawyers
Vermont lawyers
Wisconsin lawyers
United States Military Academy alumni
American militia officers
People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
Burials in Wisconsin
19th-century American lawyers

Matthew H. Carpenter


Enciklopedija o Ćirilu i Metodu (bugarski: Кирило-Методиевска енциклопедия) je specijalizirano i sektorsko izdanje Instituta za književnost Bugarske akademije znanosti, objavljeno u 4 sveska od 1985. do 2003.

Enciklopedija sadrži podatke o razvoju starih bugarskih (staroslavenski jezik) i srednjobugarskih jezika i književnosti, kao i onih slavenskih jezika koji koriste ćirilicu. Također sadrži informacije o mnogim područjima društvenog i kulturnog srednjovjekovnog života u bugarskim zemljama, kao i informacije o srpskom, vlaškom, moldavskom i veliko-ruskom jeziku. Također pokriva povezane teme iz povijesti i arheologije, arhitekture i likovnih umjetnosti, primijenjene umjetnosti i glazbe. Prenesene informacije nalaze se u kontekstu kristijanizacije Bugarske i slavenskog svijeta u jugoistočnoj i istočnoj Europi, kao i bugarsko-bizantskih odnosa.

Izvori

Studija o Ćirilu i Metodu
Enciklopedije

Enciklopedija o Ćirilu i Metodu


Voussac ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Allier in der Region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes; sie gehört zum Arrondissement Moulins und zum Kanton Gannat.

Geographie
Die Gemeinde liegt in der Landschaft Bocage Bourbonnais, rund neun Kilometer östlich von Montmarault und 18 Kilometer westlich von Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule. Nachbargemeinden von Voussac sind Deux-Chaises im Norden, Le Theil im Nordosten, Fleuriel im Osten, Monestier im Südosten Target im Süden und  Saint-Marcel-en-Murat im Westen.

Der Ort selbst liegt auf einer Anhöhe über dem Fluss Venant, einem Nebenfluss der Bouble.
Der östliche Teil des Hügels ist vom Staatsforst von Vacheresse (frz.: Forêt Domaniale de Vacheresse) bedeckt. Alle dort entspringenden Gewässer werden von den Bächen Musant und Le Veauvre gesammelt und entwässern ebenfalls in die Bouble.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Schloss Chirat-Guérin aus dem 17./18. Jahrhundert im Südosten des Gemeindegebietes

Literatur
 Le Patrimoine des Communes de l'Allier. Flohic Editions, Band 1, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-84234-053-1, S. 119–121.

Weblinks

 Notice Communale - EHESS

Ort in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Gemeindegründung 1793

Voussac


El Magna Steyr MILA es un prototipo de automóvil creado por la compañía Magna Steyr. Fue presentado en el salón del automóvil de Frankfurt en 2005. Las siglas MILA significan Magna Innovation Lightweight Auto.

Características
Este automóvil funciona completamente a GNC. Puede llegar a los 200 km/h y pesa aproximadamente 850 kg. Posee un chasis de acero de alta resistencia. El motor es de 1.6 litros, con 4 cilindros en línea y turbo. Puede acelerar de 0 a 100 km/h(kilómetros por hora) en menos de 6,3 segundos.
El automóvil está construido de aluminio y fibra de carbono. Además, consume unos 5,6kg de GNC cada 100 kilómetros, lo cual equivale a 8 litros de gasolina.

Véase también
Magna steyr mila alpin

Referencias

Enlaces externos
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:MILA_vehicles
http://es.autoblog.com/2005/09/19/frankfurt-2005-el-concepto-magna-steyr-mila-cng/

Prototipos de automóviles
 (En inglés)

Magna steyr MILA


NCT Dream (hangeul : 엔씨티 Dream) est un boys band sud-coréen formé par SM Entertainment en 2016, il s'agit de la 3ème sous-unité de NCT, un boys band de même origine ayant pour concept un nombre illimité de membres. NCT Dream est composé de sept membres: Mark, Renjun, Jeno, Haechan, Jaemin, Chenle et Jisung.

À ses débuts, NCT Dream n'est pas un boys band fixe, il suit le système "admission-graduation". La sous-unité regroupe tous les adolescents de NCT. À leurs majorité, c'est-à-dire 20 ans (âge coréen), les membres sont diplômés de NCT Dream et quittent la sous-unité afin de rejoindre une autre unité de NCT (graduation), en parallèle, de nouveaux membres sont ajouté (admission). Ce système fut supprimé en 2020 et NCT Dream devint une unité fixe comme son unité ainée, NCT 127.

Le succès de leur EP We Boom, sorti en 2019, les a conduit dans le top 10 des meilleurs vendeurs en Corée du Sud en 2019.  pour leur impact sur les ventes, les médias sociaux. Ils ont aussi été inclus dans la liste des adolescents les plus influents de 2018 par le magazine Time. En 2021, le groupe se range aux côtés des plus grands artistes coréens en engrangés plus de 3 millions de copies vendues.

Histoire

Débuts (2016)
NCT Dream fait ses débuts le 24 aout 2016 en tant que  sous-unité de NCT. L'unité débute avec 7 membres alors âgés entre 15 ans et 18 ans (âge coréen). Comparée à ses unités ainées, NCT Dream suit un concept juvénile et mignon en faisant ses débuts avec leur premier single, Chewing Gum. Le MV amasse un million de vues en moins d'un jour.

Premier retour et Coupe du monde de football (2017)
Le boys band fait son premier retour avec son single album intitulé The First, le 9 février 2017 avec comme titre principal My First And Last. Avant cela SM Entertainement annonce que Jaemin ne participera pas aux promotions en raison d'un ennui de santé, il entame un hiatus.

Le groupe remporte la première place à l'émission musicale de télévision The Show, faisant de My First And Last la première victoire musicale de NCT. Le projet se place directement à la première place du Top albums coréen.
En parallèle, NCT Dream est ambassadeur officiel de la coupe du monde de football des moins de 20 ans de 2017. Le groupe sort la chanson officiel du tournoi, Trigger the Fever, le 15 mars 2017 et le groupe performe à la cérémonie d'ouverture du tournoi.

Quelques mois plus tard, le groupe fait son deuxième retour avec son premier EP, We Young, le 17 aout. Le retour est un "summer concept'. We Young atteint la troisième place du Billboard World Albums chart en septembre. Les promotions se déroulent toujours en l'absence de Jaemin.

Enfin, NCT Dream sort un single de Noël le , Joy, faisant partie du projet SM Station.

Premier projet de NCT, retour de Jaemin et départ de Mark (2018)
NCT Dream participe au projet NCT 2018, réunissant tous les membres de NCT ainsi que ses 3 unités sous un seul projet.

NCT Dream sort le single Go, le , single faisant partie du premier album de NCT, NCT 2018 Empathy. Ce retour marque un tournant pour le concept de NCT Dream, qui transitionne vers un concept rebelle marquant la prise d'âge des membres. C'est également le retour de Jaemin qui fait son premier retour après un an de hiatus.

En aout, SM Entertainement annonce le prochain retour de NCT Dream avec son deuxième EP We Go Up. Il s'agira du dernier retour de Mark avec NCT Dream, en effet, Mark a 20 ans (âge coréen) en 2018 et doit basculer dans une autre unité de NCT (dans son cas il est déjà membre permanent de NCT 127 avec Haechan). L'EP sort le 3 septembre avec comme titre promotionnel We Go Up.

Le 27 décembre, NCT Dream sort le single Candle Light sous le projet SM Station. La chanson comporte des paroles écrites par Mark marquant une fin émouvante pour 7Dream. Candle Light devient la dernière chanson réunissant les 7 membres originels de NCT Dream avant que Mark soit officiellement diplômé de l'unité.

En parallèle, les NCTzens sont inquiets en ce qui concerne le future des membres du groupe et des critiques du système "admission-graduation" commencent à naître.

Ouverture international et première tournée (2019)
En 2019, NCT Dream compte six membres à la suite du départ de Mark.

Le 6 juin, le groupe sort "Don't Need Your Love", un single en collaboration avec HRVY faisant partie du projet SM Station. Le projet marque une prise de maturité pour le groupe. Haechan, cependant, ne participe pas au projet en raison de promotions avec NCT 127.

En juillet, le groupe est nommé ambassadeur de la Fondation Mondial du Scoutisme et sort son premier single en anglais intitulé Fireflies le 23 juillet.

Le 27 juillet, le groupe fait son retour après 10 mois avec l'EP We Boom et son titre promotionnel Boom. L'EP est considéré comme le premier grand succès national et international du groupe en recevant 2 victoires lors de l'émission The Show et en débutant à la 7eme place du Billboard World Albums Chart. Plus tard dans l'année, le groupe reçoit des prestigieuses récompenses nationales aux Golden Disc Awards et aux Seoul Music Awards.

En novembre, le groupe figure sur la chanson Up To You du boy band PrettyMuch, en parallèle NCT Dream entame sa première tournée mondiale en Asie jusqu'en décembre.

Le 31 décembre 2019, 4 membres du groupe, Renjun, Jeno, Haechan et Jaemin sont destinés à quitter l'unité (en vue de leur majorité) et le futur de ces 4 membres ainsi que les deux restants, Chenle et Jisung, est incertain.

Reload, NCT 2020 et réorganisation (2020)
En janvier 2020, le groupe continue sa tournée internationale The Dream Show mais l'arrivée de la pandémie COVID-19 écourte la tournée.

Alors que les débats fusent concernant le système de "admission-graduation" et que le départ de 4 membres est imminent, SM Entertainement annonce que le système "admission-graduation" sera supprimé et que Mark fera son retour sous NCT Dream dès la fin des promotions du prochain retour du groupe. NCT Dream devient une unité fixe de NCT.

Avant sa sortie, le  EP de NCT Dream a engrangé 500 000 pré-ventes, faisait de Reload le projet le plus pré-commandé du groupe à ce moment. Le 29 avril, l'EP sort avec comme titre promotionnel Ridin', marquant définitivement la transition de concept de NCT Dream, avec un concept encore plus mature et rebelle que Boom ou encore Go. Ridin' atteint la première place sur la plate-forme de streaming coréen Melon, ce qui en fait le premier morceau de NCT (toutes unités confondues) à figurer en tête du classement, de plus la totalité de l'EP a atteint le sommet du top 10 du classement Melon. C'est un deuxième succès pour le groupe.

En octobre 2020, le groupe s'unit avec le reste de NCT sous le projet NCT 2020 avec l'album en deux parties NCT 2020 Resonance. Mark rejoint NCT Dream, pour la première fois depuis Candle Light en 2018, sous le morceau Déjà Vu. Il prend officiellement la position de leader.

Jaemin participe au titre promotionnel Make A Wish sous NCT U (première unité de NCT) qui est aujourd'hui le MV le plus visionné de NCT(toutes unités confondues). Jaemin est dès lors salué pour sa performance et Make A Wish restera une ère en or pour Jaemin et le fandom.

En parallèle, Jisung ne participe pas aux promotions du projet en raison d'ennuis de santé.

Premier album et titres multiples (2021)
Le 10 mai 2021, NCT Dream sort son premier album studio après presque 5 ans d'activité. L'album intitulé Hot Sauce, avec un titre promotionnel du même nom, figure les 7 membres originels de NCT Dream à la suite du retour de Mark. 7Dream est de retour.

Les pré-ventes de l'album dépassent le million, et deux semaines après la sortie de l'album, NCT Dream acquiert le titre de "double million sellers", en effet Hot Sauce engrange plus de 2 millions de copies vendus en 16 jours. Hot Sauce devient le premier morceau du groupe à figurer en tête du classement Gaon Digital et de l'album acquiert la première place du Gaon Album Chart.

Membres

Discographie

Albums studio
 2021 : Hot Sauce
 2022 : Glitch Mode

Rééditions
 2021 : Hello Future
 2022 : Beatbox

Mini-albums
 2017 : We Young
 2018 : We Go Up
 2019 : We Boom
 2020 : Reload
 2022 : Winter Special Mini Album 'Candy'''

 Album single
 2017 : The First Singles
 2016 : Chewing Gum 2017 : My First and Last 2017 : Trigger the Fever 2017 : JOY 2018 : Candle Light 2019 : Don't Need Your Love 2019 : Fireflies 2021 : Dreaming''

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 NCT
 NCT 127

Liens externes

Boys band sud-coréen
Groupe musical formé en 2016

NCT Dream


Equisetales, red vaskularnih biljaka iz razreda presličovnica (Equisetopsida), čiji su jedini živi predstavnici vrste roda Equisetum (preslica) iz porodice presličevke (Equisetaceae). Ostali predstavnici pripadaju fosilnim porodicama Archaeocalamitaceae, Calamitaceae i Phyllothecaceae.

Opis
Equisetales (također zvani preslice) je red predstavljen jednim živim rodom (Equisetum). Rasprostranjen je širom svijeta, ali se u većem broju pojavljuje na sjevernoj hemisferi. Poput likofita, ova je skupina bila raznolika i istaknuta skupina vaskularnih biljaka tijekom razdoblja karbona, kada su neki rodovi dosegli veliku veličinu u močvarnim šumama koje stvaraju ugljen. Poznate kao sfenofite, ove se biljke dijele na stabljiku, list (mikrofili) i korijen. Zelene nadzemne stabljike imaju uzdužne grebene i brazde koje se protežu duž internodija, a stabljike su spojene (člankovite). Površinske ćelije su karakteristično ispunjene silikom (Silicijev dioksid). Grane, kada se pojave, rađaju se u  na čvoru, kao i ljuskavi listovi. Sporangiji se nalaze u terminalnim strobilima. Equisetales potječe iz devonskog razdoblja (prije 419,2 milijuna do 358,9 milijuna godina).

Izvori

Presličovnice
Biljni redovi

Equisetales


Jürgen Nielsen-Sikora (* 25. Juli 1973 in Köln) ist ein deutscher Philosoph und Historiker.

Leben

Nielsen-Sikora studierte von 1995 bis 1999 an der Universität zu Köln und Freien Universität Berlin Philosophie, Pädagogik, Geschichte und Psychologie und schloss als Diplom-Pädagoge ab. 2002 wurde er bei Holger Burckhart im Fach Philosophie promoviert. Er war von 2000 bis 2002 Stipendiat der Graduiertenförderung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Von 2000 bis 2003 war er Wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft an der Universität zu Köln, im Anschluss Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter der Abteilung für Didaktik der Geschichte und Geschichte der Europäischen Integration; 2009 wurde er dort Akademischer Rat.
Seit seiner Habilitation 2011 bei Michael Gehler an der Universität Hildesheim ist er dort Privatdozent. Im Jahr 2012 wechselte er zur Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. In der Hauptabteilung Wissenschaftliche Dienste/Archiv für Christlich-Demokratische Politik leitete er dort die Abteilung Zeitgeschichte. Im Dezember 2014 wechselte er an die Universität Siegen und zeichnet verantwortlich für das dort ansässige Hans-Jonas-Institut. Im Dezember 2018 wurde ihm eine außerplanmäßige Professur für Bildungsphilosophie zuerkannt.

Nielsen-Sikora wurde mehrfach von der Jungen Akademie an der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften wie auch von den Salzburger Hochschulwochen ausgezeichnet. Seine Hauptforschungsgebiete sind die Geschichte Europas im 20. Jahrhundert, insbesondere die Geschichte der europäischen Integration, sowie bildungsphilosophische Themen.

Schriften

 Mit-Verantwortung. Hans Jonas, Vittorio Hösle und die Grundlagen normativer Pädagogik. Gata, Eitorf 1999, ISBN 3-932174-45-3.
 Zukunftsverantwortliche Bildung. Bausteine einer dialogisch-sinnkritischen Pädagogik. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2003, ISBN 3-8260-2526-1.
 Zusammen mit Holger Burckhart (Hrsg.): Praktische Philosophie. Philosophische Praxis. WBG, Darmstadt 2005, ISBN 3-534-18428-9.
 Zusammen mit Jürgen Elvert (Hrsg.): Leitbild Europa. Europabilder und ihre Wirkungen in der Neuzeit. Steiner, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-515-09333-0.
 Europa der Bürger? Anspruch und Wirklichkeit der europäischen Einigung. Eine Spurensuche. Steiner, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-515-09424-5.
 Zusammen mit Jürgen Elvert (Hrsg.): Kulturwissenschaften und Nationalsozialismus. Steiner, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-515-09282-1.
 Das Ende der Barbarei. Essay über Europa. Band 20; Studien zur Geschichte der Europäischen Integration. Steiner, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-515-10261-2.
 Zusammen mit John-Stewart Gordon (Hrsg.): Hans Jonas. Zur Diskussion seiner Denkwege. Logos, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-8325-4452-2.
 Hans Jonas. Für Freiheit und Verantwortung (Biografie). WBG, Darmstadt 2017, ISBN 978-3-5347-4319-3.
 Hans Jonas-Handbuch. Leben Werk Wirkung. J.B. Metzler, Heidelberg 2021, ISBN 978-3-476-05723-5.
 Zusammen mit Lisa Dillinger u. a.: Jim Knopf, Gonzo und andere Aufregen. Zur Analyse und Kritik engagierter Pädagogiken. Metzler, Heidelberg/Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-662-66179-6.
 Zusammen mit André Schütte (Hrsg.): Wem folgen? Über Sinn, Wandel und Aktualität von Vorbildern. Metzler, Heidelberg/Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-662-66837-5.

Weblinks, Belege
 bildung.uni-siegen.de
 Jürgen Nielsen-Sikora zum Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels für Navid Kermani Glanz und Elend
 Philosoph Hans Jonas – Lieblingsdenker der Klimabewegung. Jürgen Nielsen-Sikora im Gespräch mit Catherine Newmark DLF

Einzelnachweise

Neuzeithistoriker
Hochschullehrer (Universität Hildesheim)
Deutscher
Geboren 1973
Mann
Person (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung)

Jürgen Nielsen-Sikora


Vasi sözcüğü ile şunlardan biri kastedilmiş olabilir:

 Vâsi (İslam)
 VASI yaklaşma ışıkları

Vasi


Zgrada Osnovne škole, Magistratska 8 je objekt u gradu Krapina zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Ugaona jednokatnica u obliku slova L zapadnim pročeljem orijentirana prema Magistratskoj, a sjevernim prema Uskoj ulici. Zapadno pročelje raščlanjeno je s tri prozorske osi. Jednostavno profilirani kordonski vijenac dijeli zonu prizemlja od zone prvog kata. Oko prozora se proteže glatka traka u žbuci. Završni vijenac je u obliku holkela. Prostor prizemlja svođen je pruskim i češkim svodovima. Stropna konstrukcija je drveni grednik s ravnim podgledom. S dvorišne se strane u prvom katu nalazi otvoreni drveni ganjčec. Krovište je dvostrešno, pokriveno utorenim crijepom. Zgrada je građena sedamdesetih godina 19. stoljeća.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-5515 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro – pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "profana graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene stambeno-poslovne građevine u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Građevine u Krapini

Zgrada, Magistratska 8 (Krapina)


Der Marine Nationalpark Karaburun-Sazan () ist ein Meeresschutzgebiet in Südalbanien, das als Nationalpark ausgewiesen ist. Der Park umfasst ein Gebiet von einer Seemeile Tiefe entlang der Küste der Halbinsel Karaburun und rund um die Insel Sazan. Die nördlichen Teile gehören zum Adriatischen Meer, die südlichen zum Ionischen Meer – beim Kap Kepi Gjuhëzës auf Karaburun, dem westlichsten Punkt des albanischen Festlands, endet die Straße von Otranto, die die beiden Meere trennt.

Der Park umfasst eine Fläche von 12.571 Hektar, davon liegen 2722 Hektar vor Sazan und 9849 Hektar vor Karaburun, die rund 50 Kilometer Küste schützen. Nicht geschützt sind die Gewässer vor der Anlegestelle auf Karaburun und der südliche Teil der Bucht von Vlora vor Karaburun – beide im Einflussbereich von Stützpunkten der albanischen Marine. Die Halbinsel Karaburun und der südlich anschließende Hügelzug Rrëza e Kanalit sind ebenfalls ein Naturschutzgebiet, das im Süden an den Nationalpark Llogara grenzt.

Der Park wurde durch Erlass des Ministerpräsidenten aus dem Jahr 2010 gegründet.

Im Nationalpark liegen die Wracks vieler antiker griechischer und römischer Schiffe sowie von Kriegsschiffen aus dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Es gibt eine reiche Meeresflora wie das Korallenriff der Teufelsschlucht und über Wasser viel Steilküste mit großen Höhlen und einsamen Buchten mit Sandstränden. In der Grama-Bucht haben Seemänner, die hier während Jahrtausenden ankerten, Inschriften an den Felsen hinterlassen.

Das Gebiet ist sehr abgelegen, unerschlossen und unberührt. Es kann nur übers Meer oder zu Fuß erreicht werden, da die einzige Straße auf die unbewohnte Halbinsel Karaburun durch die Marinebasis Orikum führt. Die Insel Sazan ist als Militärbasis nicht zugänglich. Von Vlora aus werden Bootsausflüge angeboten, die zur Haxhi-Ali-Höhle führen. Die nach einem Seeräuber des 18. Jahrhunderts aus Ulcinj benannte Höhle beim Kepi i Gjuhëzës gilt als größte Meereshöhle Albaniens: Sie ist 30 Meter lang und hat einen zehn Meter breiten Eingang. Im Sommer 2012 wurde in Gewässern westlich der Karaburun-Halbinsel eine Mönchsrobbe gesichtet, eine extrem selten gewordene Art.

Bilder

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website
 The First MPA in Albania, Sazani Island – Karaburuni Peninsula, as a Regional Priority Conservation Area for Marine Biodiversity (PDF, englisch; 318 kB)
 Bericht einer Wanderung auf Karaburun (englisch)
 Albanisches Video über Sazan und Karaburun auf Youtube

Einzelnachweise

Meeresschutzgebiet im Mittelmeer
Nationalpark in Europa
Nationalpark in Albanien
Vlora
Adriatisches Meer
Ionisches Meer
Qark Vlora
Gegründet 2010

Mariner Nationalpark Karaburun-Sazan


Le Grand Prix automobile de France 2022 (Formula 1 Lenovo Grand Prix de France 2022) disputé le 24 juillet 2022 sur le circuit Paul-Ricard, est la 1069e épreuve du championnat du monde de Formule 1 courue depuis 1950. Il s'agit de la soixante-deuxième édition du Grand Prix de France comptant pour le championnat du monde de Formule 1 et de la douzième manche du championnat 2022.

Le Grand Prix de France a fait son retour au Castellet après dix ans d'absence, en 2018. Le circuit varois avait déjà accueilli l'épreuve quatorze fois entre 1971 et 1983 et de 1985 à 1990, avant de laisser la place à Magny-Cours, pour dix-huit éditions, de 1991 à 2008.  Cette année, le Grand Prix de France passe du 17 au  pour éviter un enchaînement de trois courses en trois semaines avec les Grands Prix d'Autriche et de Grande-Bretagne.

Charles Leclerc obtient sa septième pole position de la saison et la seizième de sa carrière grâce à l'aide de Carlos Sainz Jr. qui, relégué en fond de grille pour changement complet du groupe propulseur de sa F1-75 et n'ayant rien à jouer, fait le nécessaire pour accéder en Q3 puis se positionne sur la piste pour donner l'aspiration à son coéquipier, dans la ligne droite de Mistral jusqu'à l'entrée de la courbe de Signes. Cela offre à Leclerc un gain aérodynamique qui lui permet de battre Max Verstappen de trois dixièmes de seconde. Sergio Pérez place l'autre Red Bull RB18 en deuxième ligne devant Lewis Hamilton. Auteur du cinquième temps, Lando Norris s'intercale entre les deux Mercedes W13 et part devant George Russell sur la troisième ligne. Fernando Alonso et Yuki Tsunoda font mieux que leur coéquipiers français en se partageant la quatrième ligne alors que Daniel Ricciardo et Esteban Ocon, qui n'ont pas atteint la Q3, accèdent à la cinquième ligne compte tenu des pénalités infligées à Sainz et à Kevin Magnussen.

Max Verstappen, en remportant son septième succès de l'année, creuse un écart de 63 points sur Charles Leclerc ; cette vingt-septième victoire en Formule 1 le voit devenir l'égal de Jackie Stewart. Le champion en titre bénéficie de l'abandon de son rival monégasque qui écrase sa Ferrari dans le mur de pneus du virage du Beausset après dix-huit tours alors qu'il roule en tête. Pour la première fois de la saison, les deux Mercedes sont sur le podium ; Lewis Hamilton, qui l'atteint pour la quatrième fois consécutive, passe la ligne d'arrivée devant George Russell après que ce dernier est parvenu à prendre le meilleur sur Sergio Pérez en fin de course.

Leclerc sort du premier virage en tête devant Verstappen alors qu'Hamilton, qui a pris un excellent départ, s'installe en troisième position devant Pérez. Russell subtilise la cinquième place à Alonso après trois boucles. Verstappen reste dans la zone d'activation du DRS de Leclerc durant les  premiers tours puis ses pneus surchauffent et l'écart se creuse légèrement. Il décide dès lors de changer de pneus, au seizième tour, et ressort cinquième. Leclerc, en tête dans sa dix-huitième boucle, perd l'arrière de sa F1-75 à la réaccélération dans le « double droite » du Beausset, part en tête-à-queue puis tape le mur. Le Monégasque hurle de rage, d'autant qu'il ne parvient pas à enclencher la marche arrière pour se dégager. L'accident provoque la sortie de la voiture de sécurité et tous les pilotes, hormis Verstappen qui vient de s'arrêter, se chaussent de neuf. Le Néerlandais voit s'ouvrir devant lui un boulevard vers la victoire car Hamilton, deuxième, n'a aucun moyen de l'inquiéter.

Parti du fond de la grille, Sainz remonte jusqu'à la troisième place en dépassant Pérez dans le quarantième tour ; rappelé au stand pour un deuxième arrêt, il ressort huitième et doit dépasser Ricciardo, Norris et Alonso puis réaliser le meilleur tour en course pour terminer cinquième. Au cinquantième passage, Zhou Guanyu abandonne en bord de la piste, ce qui provoque une procédure de voiture de sécurité virtuelle. À la relance, George Russell surprend Sergio Pérez dans le virage  et lui ravit la troisième place. Derrière Sainz, Alonso profite de sa bonne position sur la grille de départ et d'un course solide pour finir sixième, devant Norris. Les deux Alpine sont dans les points, Esteban Ocon se classant huitième. Daniel Ricciardo prend les deux points de la neuvième place et Lance Stroll résiste aux assauts de son coéquipier Sebastian Vettel pour le dernier point en jeu.

Au championnat du monde, Verstappen (233 points) a désormais 63 unités d'avance sur Leclerc (170 points) soit plus de deux victoires d'écart. Pérez (163 points) ne compte que sept points de retard sur le Monégasque. Les positions restent stables derrière, avec Sainz (144 points), Russell (143 points), Hamilton (127 points) et, plus loin, Norris septième (70 points) suivi par Ocon (56 points), Bottas (46 points) et Alonso, dixième avec 37 points. Red Bull Racing (396 points) caracole en tête du championnat des constructeurs, devant Ferrari (314 points) et Mercedes (270 points). Alpine (93 points) subtilise la quatrième place à McLaren (89 points) ; suivent Alfa Romeo (51 points), Haas (34 points), AlphaTauri (27 points), Aston Martin (19 points) et Williams (3 points).

Pneus disponibles

Essais libres

Première séance, le vendredi de 14 h  à 15 h

 Nyck de Vries, pilote-essayeur pour Mercedes, remplace Lewis Hamilton au volant de la Mercedes W13 pour cette séance d'essais ; il réalise le neuvième temps en .
 Robert Kubica, pilote-essayeur pour Alfa Romeo F1 Team, remplace Valtteri Bottas à bord de l'Alfa Romeo C42 ; il réalise le dix-neuvième temps, en .

Deuxième séance, le vendredi de 17 h à 18 h

Troisième séance, le samedi de 13 h à 14 h

Séance de qualifications

Résultats des qualifications

Grille de départ
 Carlos Sainz Jr., auteur du neuvième temps, est pénalisé d'un renvoi en fond de grille en raison d'un changement de groupe motopropulseur (nouveau moteur à combustion interne, unité de contrôle électronique, MGU-K et MGU-H, dépassant le quota autorisé pour ces pièces) ; il s'élance dix-neuvième  ;
 Kevin Magnussen, auteur du dixième temps, est pénalisé d'un renvoi en fond de grille en raison d'un changement de groupe motopropulseur (nouveau moteur à combustion interne, turbocompresseur, MGU-K et MGU-H, dépassant le quota autorisé pour ces pièces) ; il s'élance vingtième.

Course

Classement de la course

 Carlos Sainz Jr. est pénalisé de cinq secondes qu'il purge lors de son arrêt au stand du  tour, pour être reparti de manière dangereuse, juste devant le museau de la Williams d'Alexander Albon après avoir ignoré le feu rouge lors de son arrêt précédent au  tour ;
 Esteban Ocon est pénalisé de cinq secondes, qu'il purge lors de son arrêt au stand du  tour, jugé responsable du tête-à-queue de Yuki Tsunoda qu'il a provoqué en l'accrochant dans le premier tour ;
 Zhou Guanyu écope de cinq secondes de pénalité pour avoir percuté Mick Schumacher ; celle-ci est sans conséquence sur son classement final après son abandon au quarante-septième tour.

Pole position et record du tour
 Pole position :  Charles Leclerc (Ferrari) en 1 min 30 s 872 ().
 Meilleur tour en course :  Carlos Sainz Jr. (Ferrari) en 1 min 35 s 781 () au cinquante-et-unième tour ; cinquième de la course, il remporte le point bonus associé au meilleur tour en course.

Tours en tête
  Charles Leclerc (Ferrari) : 17 tours (1-17)
  Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes) : 1 tour (18)
  Max Verstappen (Red Bull) : 35 tours (19-53)

Classements généraux à l'issue de la course

Statistiques
Le Grand Prix de France 2022 représente :
 la  pole position de Charles Leclerc (toutes obtenues avec Ferrari), sa septième de la saison ;
 la  victoire de Max Verstappen, sa septième de la saison ;
 la  victoire de Red Bull ;
 la  victoire de Red Bull en tant que motoriste ;
 le  Grand Prix de Lewis Hamilton.

Au cours de ce Grand Prix :
 en remportant sa  victoire, Max Verstappen égale le triple champion du monde Jackie Stewart ; il pointe désormais au neuvième rang des pilotes les plus victorieux ;
 Max Verstappen dispute son  Grand Prix avec Red Bull Racing et devient, devant Mark Webber, le pilote le plus capé de l'écurie autrichienne ;
 Lewis Hamilton porte son record à 187 podiums ;
 Fernando Alonso ( départs en Grand Prix) devient le pilote ayant parcouru le plus de tours en Formule 1 avec  ; il devance Kimi Räikkönen () ;
 Carlos Sainz Jr. est élu « Pilote du jour » à l'issue d'un vote organisé sur le site officiel de la Formule 1 ;
 Vitantonio Liuzzi (80 départs en Grands Prix entre 2005 et 2011, 26 points inscrits) est nommé conseiller par la FIA pour aider dans leurs jugements le groupe des commissaires de course.

Notes et références

Lien externe

2022
Sport en France en juillet 2022
France

Grand Prix automobile de France 2022


Der Jastorfer See ist ein Baggersee zwischen Uelzen und Bad Bevensen. Er liegt direkt östlich des Elbe-Seitenkanals und ist in den 1970er-Jahren durch Bodenabbau im Zuge des Baus des Kanals entstanden. Der westliche Bereich des Sees war mit seinen Uferbereichen dabei als Ausgleichs- und Ersatzmaßnahme für den Bau des Kanals geplant und wurde entsprechend als Naturschutzgewässer entwickelt. Dafür wurden Flach- und Tiefwasserzonen und die Uferlinie des späteren Sees angelegt. Seit November 1977 steht dieser Bereich als "Vogelfreistätte Jastorfer See" unter Naturschutz. Der übrige Bereich war zunächst als Naherholungsgebiet vorgesehen. Heute steht der See, der nahezu vollständig von Gehölzen und Röhrichtbereichen umgeben ist, vollständig dem Naturschutz zur Verfügung, auch wenn nur Teilflächen als Naturschutzgebiet gesichert sind. Er ist ein wichtiger Lebensraum u. a. für Wasservögel und Amphibien. Im Bereich des Sees konnten rund 140 Vogelarten, davon knapp 50 Brutvogelarten, nachgewiesen werden.

Am Nordufer des Sees befindet sich eine Aussichtsplattform, von der aus der größte Teil des Sees eingesehen werden kann.

Der See wird seit 1984 von der Kreisgruppe Uelzen des Naturschutzbundes Deutschland (NABU) betreut.

Einzelnachweise

See in Niedersachsen
See in Europa
Baggersee
Gewässer im Landkreis Uelzen
Geographie (Bad Bevensen)
Emmendorf
Bauwerk in Bad Bevensen
Wasserbauwerk in Niedersachsen

Jastorfer See


Gary Gabelich (Croatian Gabelić; August 29, 1940 – January 26, 1984) was an American motorsport driver who set the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) Land Speed Record (LSR) with the rocket car Blue Flame on October 23, 1970,  on a dry lake bed at Bonneville Salt Flats near Wendover, Utah.

Personal life

Gary Gabelich was born 29 August 1940 and was raised in southern California and attended Long Beach Polytechnic High School. He grew up during the height of the Southern California race scene and became friends with many famous racers of the era like drag racer Tom McEwen. The nearby Lions Drag Strip was adjacent to Long Beach and he was influenced by the NHRA drag racing legend Big Joe Reath of the Reath Automotive Speed Shop in Long Beach. Gabelich married Rae Marie Ramsey (born 1946). She graduated Palo Alto High School Palo Alto, CA in 1964 and moved to Long Beach in 1968. Guy Michael Gabelich was born in the early 1980s. She was a flight attendant for United Airlines.
Gabelich's father was of Croatian American descent and his mother was Mexican American.

Gabelich died in January 1984 in a motorcycle crash.  After his widow Rae Marie retired from United Airlines in 2003, she was elected to the Long Beach City Council in 2004, where she served for eight years.

Career
Gabelich drove a split window 1960 era Volkswagen delivery van for Vermillion's Drug store in his younger days. He lived with his parents in the Bixby Knolls area of Long Beach, California during this time. He later went to work for North American Aviation which became North American Rockwell after a 1967 merger with Rockwell-Standard. Gabelich started in the mail room and stayed for nine years in various positions from staff assistant before becoming a part-time test subject for Project Apollo in the years 1968 and 1969. Gabelich served as an Apollo test astronaut in 1968-1969 as stated on the plaque his family dedicated to him in 2001.

Unlike the actual astronauts, he was not flying the capsules, but testing their long-term viability in weightless conditions, their tolerance and performance under conditions of extreme lateral forces and, though they seldom spoke of it on televised moon shots, the toilet facilities.  Gabelich was Mercury Seven astronaut Wally Schirra's exact size and he did a lot of space checkout for him and testing of capsules and equipment before they were man-rated for operational use.  Project Mercury ended in the early 1960s and Wally Schirra went on to become commander of Apollo 7.

Land speed record

Gabelich broke the LSR by achieving average speeds of  over a flying mile and  over a flying kilometer.  The thrust used during this attempt was between 13,000 pounds (58,000 newtons) and 15,000 pounds (67,000 newtons). A top speed of approximately  was momentarily attained during one run.

The FIA rules dictate that a land speed mark is recognized only after two runs through the FIA measured kilometer and mile courses. The two corresponding speeds are then averaged for the official time and speed. Additionally both runs must be made within one hour.

Gabelich averaged  on his first run and  on his second run for an average speed of  establishing a new kilometer FIA LSR. The mile FIA LSR was the first exceeding  and remained unbeaten until 1983, when Richard Noble broke it driving Thrust 2. The faster kilometer FIA LSR remained unbroken for 27 years when ThrustSSC went supersonic in 1997.

Racing career

In 1969 Gabelich established a quarter mile Drag boat record of   This is not the same as the Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM) Water Speed Record (WSR) in which Donald Campbell broke  on 23 July 1955 in the Bluebird K7.

Gabelich was seriously injured in the crash of an experimental 4 wheel drive Funny Car in 1972  that careened out of control at  during a quarter mile run almost severing his left forearm and broke his left leg so severely that more than a year later he still wore a cast.  This incident ended his racing career and he never raced again, concentrating instead on a new supersonic vehicle.

After racing

In the early 1980s he established the "Rocketman Corporation" with Tom Daniel. The objective was to design and build a vehicle capable of reaching speeds in the  range. This conceptual vehicle was named "American Way"  but the project was cut short by his untimely death in January 1984 in a motorcycle crash.

Gabelich was part of the cast in the 1977 movie Joyride to Nowhere and he made a documentary, One Second from Eternity: The History of the Land Speed Record in 1971. Gabelich and his family appeared on Family Feud with Richard Dawson, where he presented the key to the city of Long Beach, California to Dawson.

In 2008 Gabelich was inducted into the Long Beach Motorsports Walk of Fame in front of the Convention Center on Pine Avenue. He was represented at the ceremony by his wife Rae,  a Long Beach City Councilwoman who retired in 2012 after eight years of service.

He was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2016.

See also
 Blue Flame
 Land speed record
 Rocket car

References

External links
 Blue Flame
 Gary Gabelich
 Break the Record - Blue Flame LSR video

1940 births
1984 deaths
Land speed record people
American people of Croatian descent
American people of Mexican descent
Road incident deaths in California
Long Beach Polytechnic High School alumni
Racing drivers from California

Gary Gabelich


Nadine Mangabu Luabeya , née le  à Mbuji-Mayi, est une personnalité politique congolaise, élue députée nationale de la  province de Mbuji-Mayi depuis le .

Notes et références

Député de la république démocratique du Congo
Personnalité politique congolaise (RDC)
Naissance en septembre 1986

Nadine Mangabu Luabeya


Tamar may refer to:

Arts, entertainment and media
 Tamar (album), by Tamar Braxton, 2000
 Tamar (novel), by Mal Peet, 2005
 Tamar (poem), an epic poem by Robinson Jeffers

People
 Tamar (name), including a list of people with the name

 Tamar (Genesis), mother of Perez and Zerah, the twin sons of the biblical Judah
 Tamar (daughter of David), daughter of biblical king David
 Tamar (goddess), deity in Georgian mythology
 Tamar of Georgia (1160s–1213), ruled 1184–1213
 Tamar, also known as Gürcü Hatun (fl. 1237–1286), Georgian princess
 Támar (born 1980), American singer

Places
 Tamar, Hong Kong
Tamar station
 Tamar, Mazandaran, Iran
 Tamar, West Azerbaijan, Iran
 Tamar, Yazd, Iran
 Tamar block, Ranchi district, Jharkhand, India
 Tamar, India, Ranchi district, Jharkhand
Tamar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
 Tamar gas field, off the coast of Israel
 Tamar Regional Council, a local government in Israel
 Tamar River, in northern Tasmania, Australia
Electoral division of Tamar
 River Tamar, in south west England
 Tamar (valley), the continuation of the Planica valley in the Julian Alps, Slovenia

Transportation and military
 Tamar-class lifeboat, a British lifeboat class
 HMS Tamar, the name of several ships and a naval station
 RM Tamar, a Royal Marines facility in Plymouth, England
 Tamar, and Tamar II, former and current Torpoint Ferry vessels
 Tamar, a GWR Caliph Class locomotive

Other uses
 Projeto TAMAR, a Brazilian non-profit organization
 Tamar FC, a former Australian football club

See also

Tamara (disambiguation)
Tamir (disambiguation)

Tamar


Arctanthemum, rod trajnica iz porodice Compositae raširen po Arktiku i subarktiku Sjeverne Amerike i Azije.

Rod je opisan 1985. i smješten u podtribus Artemisiinae, a po nekima sinonim je za rod Chrysanthemum L. Priznate su 43 vrste.

Vrste
 Arctanthemum arcticum (L.) Tzvelev ili Chrysanthemum arcticum L.
 Arctanthemum integrifolium (Richardson) Tzvelev ili Chrysanthemum integrifolium Richardson
 Arctanthemum kurilense (Tzvelev) Tzvelev ili Chrysanthemum arcticum subsp. yezoense (Maek.) H.Ohashi & Yonek.
 Arctanthemum yezoense (Maekawa) Tzvelev

Sinonimi
 Dendranthema sect. Arctanthemum Tzvelev, bazionim

Izvori

Artemisiinae

Arctanthemum


14346 Zhilyaev este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
14346 Zhilyaev este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul de Astrofizică din Crimeea de Nikolai Cernîh. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,17 ua, o excentricitate de 0,15 și o înclinație de 1,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 14001-15000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1985
Centura de asteroizi

14346 Zhilyaev


روبرت ماركوتشي  ملحّن أمريكي، ولد عام 1930 بفيلادلفيا بولاية بنسيلفانيا (الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية). أسس شركة Chancellor Records (المستشار للتسجيلات)، بالتشارك مع بيتر دي أنجليس عام 1957، باقتراض ماليّ من والد ماركوتشي. كتب ماركوتشي ولحّن، بالتعاون مع دي أنجليس، العديد من الأغاني لعدّة مغنّين، منهم دين مارتن وإيدي فيشر ومايك دوغلاس وبوبي ريدال. أسفر عملهما مع فرانكي أفالون وفابيان في أواخر خمسينات وأوائل ستينات القرن الماضي عن عدّة نجاحات باهرة، منها أغنية أفالون "Venus" («الزُهرة») وأغنية فابيان "Young and Wonderful" («شاب ورائع»).

الأغاني التي لحّنها

موسيقى شارة الأفلام التي لحّنها
 إلى الشمال نحو ألاسكا  (فيلم وسترن، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، عام 1960): بالتعاون مع بيتر دي أنجليس وليونيل نيومان.
 القشتالي  (الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، عام 1963)

الأفلام التي أنتجها
 حدّ الشفرة  (الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، عام 1984)
 الإبر  (الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، عام 1985)

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص من فيلادلفيا (بنسيلفانيا)
أمريكيون من أصل إيطالي
كتاب أغان من بنسيلفانيا
ملحنون وملحنات أمريكيون
منتجو أفلام من بنسيلفانيا
مواليد 1930
مواليد في فيلادلفيا (بنسيلفانيا)
موسيقيون من فيلادلفيا
وفيات 2011
وفيات بسبب الفشل التنفسي

روبرت ماركوتشي


Uykuda Çocuk Ölümleri, Ali Teoman'ın bir romanıdır. İlk baskısı 448 sayfa olarak Yapı Kredi Yayınları tarafından Mayıs 2002'de yapılmıştır. ISBN 975-080-416-3.

Dış bağlantılar
"Uykuda Çocuk Ölümleri", A. Ömer Türkeş, Pandora*"Düşler, Anılar ve Uykuda Çocuk Ölümleri", Ferhat Ünlü, Dergibi

Ali Teoman romanları
2002 romanları
Türkçe romanlar
Çağdaş Türk romanları

Uykuda Çocuk Ölümleri


بوغري  هي مدينة في سريم في مقاطعة لينينغراد أوبلاست في روسيا.

مراجع

مدن مقاطعة لينينغراد

بوغري (سريم)


මෙයිමර් ජනරජයේ 1920 ගණන්වල ඇති වූ අති උද්ධමනය එම වකවානුවේ යූරෝපයේ ඇති වූ මුල්ම හෝ එකම අති උද්ධමනය නොවීය. කෙසේ වුවත් ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව විද්‍යාවක් ලෙස ඉස්මතුවීමට  බලපෑ ප්‍රධානම සංසිද්ධිය ලෙස පෙර ඇතිවූ අති උද්ධමයන්ට වඩා මෙම අවස්ථාව කෙරෙහි අවධානයක් යොමු විය. අද යුගයේ අතිඋද්ධමනයට වඩා මෙම අවස්ථාව කෙරෙහි අවධානයක් යොමු විය.අද යුගයේ අතිඋද්ධමනයට   හා සබැඳි හා යොමු කාරක සහ අසාමාන්ය, බොහෝ ආර්ථික හැසිරීම් ප්රථමයෙන්ම ක්රමානුකූලව ජර්මනියේ දී ලේඛණගත කරනු ලැබුවේය. පොලී අනුපාතයන්ගේ හා මිළ වැඩිවීම්වල පිළිවෙළ, ව්යාපාර මුදලේ නැවත ඇගයීම, මුදල්වල සිට දෘඩ වත්කම් දක්වා පාරිභෝගික පියසැරිය, මෙම වත්කම් නිපදවන්නා වූ කර්මාන්තයන්ගේ වේගවත් ප්රසාරණය ආදිය වෙන් වෙයි. "සාමගේ ආර්ථික ප්රතිඵලය" නම් පොතේ ජෝන් මේහාර්ඩ් කෙයින්ස් මෙසේ විස්තර කරයි. යුරෝපයගේ මූල්ය පද්ධතීන්ගේ උද්ධමනකාරීත්වය අසාමාන්ය දුරකට විහිඳී ඇත. තමන්ට අවශ්ය සම්පත් ණය බරින් හා බදු බරින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට අපොහොසත්, එසේ රැක ගැනීමට තරම් දුර දැක්මක් නැති, නිවට යුදකාමී නොයෙක් ආණ්ඩු අතිරික්තය සඳහා නෝට්ටු මුද්රණය
කොට ඇත.

වර්සේල්ස් ගිවිසුමට අනුව යුද වන්දි ගෙවීම සඳහා ජර්මනියට සිය මූල්ය තත්වය් පිට්ඹීමට සිදුවී ඇතැයි තර්ක කරනු ලැබේ. නමුත් මෙය නොමඟ යෑමකි. 1921 වසරේ මුල් භාගයේ දී ඇමරිකානු ඩොලරයට මාර්ක් 60 ක් වැනි ස්ථායීතාවයක සාපේක්ෂ වශයෙන් ජර්මන් මුදල පැවතිනි. නමුත් "1921 මැයි මස ලන්ඩන් අවසාන නිවේදනය" මඟින් රන් මාර්ක් 2,000,000,000 ක වාර්ෂික වාරිකවලින් ගෙවන අයුරින් යුද වන්දි රන්වලින් ලබා දෙන්නැයි ජර්මනියෙන් ඉල්ලා සිටියේය. මෙය ජර්මනියේ නිර්නායකවලින් 26% ට වඩා වැඩි අගයකි. 1921 අගෝස්තුවලට නියමිතව තිබූ මුල් වාරිකය ගෙවන ලදී. 1921 නොවැම්බර් වන විට මාර්ක් එකතු අගය ශතයකින් 1/3 කටත් අඩු අගයක් දක්වා පහත වැටෙන තරම් තියුණු ඉඩ ප්රමාණ පීඩකට බඳුන්වීමේ ආරම්භය මෙය විය. (දළ වශයෙන් ඇ.ඩො. 1 = මාර්ක් 330) ජර්මනියේ මුළු රන් ප්රමානයට නැතිනම් විදේශ විනිමයට වඩා බෙහෙවින් විශාල අගයක් වූ රන් මාර්ක් 132,000,000,000 ක් ඉල්ලා සිටි මුළු වන්දි මුදල විය. විදේශ විනිමය මිළදී ගැනීමේ උත්සාහයක ජර්මනිය නිරත විය. නමුත් භාණ්ඩාගාර බිල්පත්වලින් සහ වානිජ ණය කරවලින් එය ගෙවනු ලැබුවේය. එයින් සිදුවූයේ ද්රව ප්රමාණ වේගය වැඩි වීම පමණි.

1922 මුල් භාගය වන විට මාර්ක් එකක වටිනාකම ඩොලරයට මාර්ක් 320 තරමු වූ අගයක විය. අනතුරුව 1922 ජුනි මස ජාත්යන්තර යුද වන්දි සමුළුව පැමිනියේය. එක්සත් ජනපද බැංකුකරුවකු වන ජේ.පී. බෝර්ගන් විසින් එය සංවිධානය කොට තිබුණි. මෙම රැස්වීම් වලින් ප්රායෝගික විසඳුම් නොලැබෙන විට, 1922 දෙසැම්බර් වන විට ඇමරිකානු ඩොලරයට ඩොයිෂ් මාර්ක් 8000ක් තරම් වූ අතිඋද්ධමනයක් බවට උද්ධමනය පෙරලුනි. 1922 ජුනි මස 41 ක් වූ ජීවන වියදම් අංකය ඊට වඩා 16 ගුණයකින් වැඩි වෙමින් දෙසැම්බර් වන විට 685 ක් විය.

1923 ජනවාරි වන විට මාර්ක් එකක අගය  වැදගත් නැති හෙයින් රූර් සහ අනෙකුත් ජර්මානු කාර්මික ප්රදේශවිලන් ලැබෙන භාණ්ඩවලින් යුද වන්දි ගෙවීම තහවුරු කිරිමේ අරමුණින් ප්රංශ සහ බෙල්ජියම් හමුදා රූර් නිම්නය අරක් ගෙන තිබුණි. 1920 සිට 1923 දක්වා යුද වන්දි ප්රමාණය ජර්මන් අයවැය හිඟයෙන් 1/3ක් තරම් වූ නමුත් ආණ්ඩුව එම වන්දිය ගෙවීම පහසු දොලපිදේනියක් ලෙස සැලකුවේය. බැංකුකරුවන් හා ආයෝජකයන් (විශේෂයෙන්ම විදේශීය) වැනි අනෙකුත් පිසාචයෝ දෙගොල්ලම ඔවුන්ගේ සුපුරුදු ලාභ සෙවීම ඔස්සේ අතිඋද්ධමනය තවත් තියුණු කළහ. 1923 වන විට උද්ධමනය එහි උච්චතම අවස්ථාවට ළඟා විය. නමුත් නව මුදල් වර්ගයක් (රෙන්ටන් මාර්ක්) හඳුන්වාදීමත් සමඟ එය අවසන් විය. මෙම නව මුදල් වර්ගයෙහි ස්ථාවර අගයක් ඇතැයි රජය ප්රකාශ කළ අතර එය පිළි ගැනුනි.

අතිඋද්ධමනය ජර්මනියේ නාසි පාලනය සෘජු ලෙසම ඇති නොකළේය. නව මුදල් වර්ගය හඳුන්වා දීමත් සමඟ උද්ධමනය නැවතුන අතර "වෙයිමර් ජනරජය" එයින් පසුව ද දශකයක් පමණ පැවතියේය. කෙසේ වුවත් උද්ධමනය, නිදහස් ආයතනයන් හි හැකියාව පිළිබඳව සැක මතු කළේය. විශේෂයෙන්ම මුදල් ඉතිරි කිරීම් හා බැඳුම්කර හිමියන් වූ මධ්යම පාන්තිකයන් තුළ මෙම සැකය වඩාත් වැඩියෙන් පැවතුණි. ජර්මනියේ බැංකුකරුවන් හා ආයෝජකයන් කෙරෙහි විරෝධාකල්පයක් ඇතිවීමට ද මෙම තත්වය හේතු විය. ඔවුන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු යුදෙව්වන් වූහ. රජය හා මුද්රිත මාධ්ය උද්ධමනය පිළිබඳ දෝෂාරෝපණය එල්ල කළේ මොවුන් වෙතය.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation#The_1920s_German_inflation

1920 ගණන්වල ජර්මණියේ උද්ධමනය


Encholirium gracile é uma espécie de planta do gênero Encholirium e da família Bromeliaceae.

Encholirium gracile compartilha vários caracteres com Encholirium horridum. Ambas apresentam sementes lineares com alas longo-caudadas, sendo que esta característica é exclusiva para estes dois táxons em Encholirium. Também, o aspecto geral das flores e a morfologia das brácteas florais são muito semelhantes. Além das similaridades morfológicas, estas espécies ocorrem simpatricamente em diversos afloramentos no Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais, o que pode levar a identificações errôneas, principalmente, quando examinados apenas fragmentos de materiais herborizados.

É possível que E. gracile seja um extremo da variação observada em E. horridum, porém estudos adicionais são necessários, especialmente nas populações localizadas nos inselbergues do norte do Espirito Santo.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 1968 por Lyman Bradford Smith.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie rupícola e herbácea.

Descrição

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Distribuição
A espécie é encontrada nos estados brasileiros de Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais.
A espécie é encontrada no domínio fitogeográfico de Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de vegetação sobre afloramentos rochosos.

Notas
Contém texto em CC-BY-SA 4.0 de Forzza, R.C. Encholirium  in Flora e Funga do Brasil.

Ligações externas
 Encholirium gracile no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Encholirium
Plantas descritas em 1968
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo

Encholirium gracile


An Cyrtorchis monteiroae in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Schltr.. An Cyrtorchis monteiroae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyrtorchis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cyrtorchis

Cyrtorchis monteiroae