Enigma is a German musical project founded in 1990 by Romanian-German musician and producer Michael Cretu. Cretu had released several solo records, collaborated with various artists, and produced albums for his then-wife, German pop singer Sandra, before he conceived the idea of a new-age, worldbeat project. He recorded the first Enigma studio album, MCMXC a.D. (1990), with contributions from David Fairstein and Frank Peterson. The album remains Enigma's most successful, helped by the international hit single "Sadeness (Part I)", which sold twelve million units alone. According to Cretu, the inspiration for the creation of the project came from his desire to make a kind of music that did not obey "the old rules and habits" and presented a new form of artistic expression with mystic and experimental components.

Enigma followed MCMXC a.D. with a series of albums that involved several musicians and producers working with Cretu. The first was The Cross of Changes (1993), which incorporated tribal and ethnic influences and sold over eight million copies worldwide, followed by Le Roi Est Mort, Vive Le Roi! (1996), which blended the Gregorian chants reminiscent of the first album with the strong intercultural soundscapes present in the second. Enigma's fourth album The Screen Behind the Mirror (2000) started a slight departure from the previous world music themes towards a heavier electronic atmosphere. This evolution culminated with Voyageur (2003), its fifth and more pop-based album, and A Posteriori (2006), a work inspired by the future collision between the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, with distinct operatic tones and an electronic spectrum closer to Voyageur than the earlier releases. Seven Lives Many Faces (2008) followed and contained a mixture of classical and modern elements ranging from ethnic chants to rap and dubstep influences. Its eighth album, The Fall of a Rebel Angel, was released in November 2016.

Enigma has sold over 8.5 million RIAA-certified albums in the US and an estimated 70 million worldwide with over 100 gold and platinum certifications. The project has also received two Grammy Award nominations.

History

Formation
By the late 1980s, Romanian-born German musician and producer Michael Cretu had collaborated with several musicians, produced albums recorded by his then-wife, German pop singer Sandra, and released solo albums under his name for Polydor and Virgin Records, to varying levels of commercial success across Europe. In 1988, Cretu and Sandra married and relocated to the Spanish island of Ibiza. A home recording studio, A.R.T. Studios, was built, and Cretu began work on a new, worldbeat and new-age musical project named Enigma with David Fairstein and Frank Peterson. Cretu secured a deal with Munich-based Mambo Musik to handle Enigma's management and publishing.

1990s
The first Enigma album, MCMXC a.D., was recorded in eight months and incorporated Gregorian chants mixed with atmospheric music and dance beats. He had previously used a Gregorian-type chant on the opening seconds of Sandra's 1987 single "Everlasting Love". Cretu wished to exclude his name from the album's liner notes so the listener could conjure their own interpretations. He recalled management "fell off their chairs" when he requested it, "but it worked". Cretu credits himself as "Curly M.C." and Peterson is listed as "F. Gregorian". Upon its release in December 1990, MCMXC a.D. became an unexpected commercial success, helped by the international hit single "Sadeness (Part I)", released a month prior that reached number one in 24 countries. The album reached the top 10 in ten countries, including the United Kingdom, and number six on the Billboard 200 in the United States, where it sold over four million copies and charted for more than 150 weeks. The album earned over 50 platinum sales awards worldwide, and made Enigma the most successful act signed to Virgin at the time of release.
Following the success of MCMXC a.D., Cretu received many offers for soundtrack work and writing film scores. He turned the majority of them down as he disliked the scripts presented to him except for the erotic thriller film Sliver (1993), for which he produced two songs for its soundtrack: "Carly's Song" and "Carly's Loneliness". The former was reworked into "Age of Loneliness" in 1993. Cretu was unable to contribute more to the soundtrack as he wished to spend his time working on the second Enigma album.

The Cross of Changes was recorded in 1993. The long period in between the first and second was partly down to Virgin and Cretu's manager forgetting to extend his contract with Virgin. This led to Cretu signing a new, five-album deal. Cretu retained many of the elements from the first album, but "wanted to have a completely different experience. I wanted to mix as much as possible rock elements and ethnic and classical". Numerous samples were used, including from songs by Genesis, Black Sabbath, Vangelis and U2. Cretu made a conscious effort to reduce the amount of Gregorian chants incorporated into the album. Cretu based much of its lyrics on the concepts behind numerology, and read books on the subject. The Cross of Changes was released in December 1993, and reached number one in the UK and number 9 in the US. Four singles were released in 1994: "Return to Innocence", "The Eyes of Truth", "Age of Loneliness" and "Out from the Deep". The former became an international top-10 hit in twelve countries and is certified gold in the US for selling half a million copies. The Cross of Changes sold an estimated 8 million copies worldwide.

In 1996, Le Roi Est Mort, Vive Le Roi! was released. Cretu's idea was that this third album was the child of the previous two albums, and therefore included familiar elements of Gregorian chants and Sanskrit chants in it. It did not achieve the same level of success that they enjoyed previously, and as a result, only two of the three singles originally slated were released. Le Roi Est Mort, Vive Le Roi! sold over one million units in the United States, achieved a Gold certificate in the United Kingdom and two Grammy nominations: one for its artwork design and the second as Best New Age Album. After the album's release, Cretu found that several fake Enigma albums were released onto the market that Cretu deemed as "awful messes".

2000s

The 2000 release of The Screen Behind the Mirror included samples from Carl Orff's Carmina Burana on four tracks on the album. This time the Gregorian chants were toned down tremendously, although Shakuhachi flutes and other traditional Enigma signatures remain. Only "Gravity of Love" and "Push the Limits" were released as singles from the album. Ruth-Ann Boyle (from the band Olive) and Andru Donalds mark their first appearances on the Enigma project.

In 2001, Cretu released a new single called "Turn Around" together with Love Sensuality Devotion: The Greatest Hits and Love Sensuality Devotion: The Remix Collection to end what he considers to be the first chapter of Enigma. A light show was held at the Munich Planetarium in conjunction with the release of the compilation albums.

2003's Voyageur saw a change of direction for the project, with most of the prominent Enigma signature elements (the ethnic and Gregorian chants, the Shakuhachi flutes) no longer employed.

To commemorate the fifteen years of Enigma, a limited-edition album called 15 Years After was launched, which was the size of an LP vinyl disk, with Leonardo da Vinci's art in the cover, a big booklet with extra art, and featured eight compact discs: all the previous albums, the DVD Remember the Future, and a special and exclusive bonus CD, The Dusted Variations, which included chill-out versions of several of the project's greatest hits. All of the songs are different from the originals and use minimal percussion. This disc also contained the single version of "Hello and Welcome", which was later released as a single. On 28 August 2005, Enigma's management Crocodile Music announced the release of "Hello and Welcome" as a single. It was released in Germany on 10 March 2006.

On 26 September 2006, Enigma's sixth album A Posteriori was released worldwide, containing a new version of "Hello and Welcome" and the new song "Goodbye, Milky Way". A DVD version of A Posteriori was released on 16 December 2006, which featured kaleidoscope images in synchronization with the multi-channel remastered music. A Posteriori received a Grammy nomination as Best New Age Album, its second in that category following 1996's Le Roi Est Mort, Vive Le Roi! nomination. In late March 2007, a Private Lounge remix album version of A Posteriori was released on the iTunes Music Store. This compilation includes twelve new remixed tracks from the album by artists such as Boca Junior, Tocadisco and more. Some of these tracks were available previously on the original A Posteriori iTunes version of the album and the previously mentioned DVD release.

On 19 September 2008, Enigma's seventh album Seven Lives Many Faces was released worldwide. The lead single, "Seven Lives", is a fusion of modern and classical elements.

The Platinum Collection, a three-disc compilation, was released on 27 November 2009 in Germany, and on 9 February 2010 worldwide. The first CD contains Enigma hits. The second CD contains remixes. The third CD is a collection of "lost tracks", musical experiments which never were finalized and released previously.

2010s–present
On 5 October 2010, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the first album MCMXC a.D., the "Enigma's Social Song" project began. Enigma fans were asked to submit vocals for a new Enigma song. The public was then asked to vote, with the winning submission "Fei mea" being provided by Latvian singer Fox Lima (real name Alise Ketnere) for the chorus. The top three runners-up, Mark Joshua from Brazil, J. Spring from Spain, and Rasa Serra from Lithuania, provided other important parts of the vocals like the bridge, backing and verse of the final version of the single. Fans also influenced further stages of the song's creation by voting on elements such as a lead instrument, general mood, and style of the track. The final mix of the single named "MMX (The Social Song)" was released on 15 December 2010. It became the first song ever created for and by the fans via the internet.

In August 2016, Enigma's eighth studio album, The Fall of a Rebel Angel, was announced for a release on 11 November 2016. It features guest musicians Brazilian singer-songwriter Mark Josher, Indonesian singer Anggun, female voice Nanuk, and English electro-pop duo Aquilo. Two singles from the album have been released, "Sadeness (Part II)" featuring Anggun, and "Amen" featuring Aquilo.

In May 2018, limited-edition coloured vinyl editions of Enigma's entire catalogue were released in a new collection, The Colours of Enigma – The Vinyl Series. The set features new artwork and remastered stereo mixes made from the original master tapes.

Throughout 2019 and into 2020, three former vocalists for Enigma—Andru Donalds, Angel X and Fox Lima—embarked on a world tour under the name Original Enigma Voices. This marks the first time Enigma's music has been performed live.

Awards
World Music Award
 Most Popular German Solo Artist, 2002
ECHO
Most Successful German Production Abroad, 1991
Best Marketing, 1992
Best National Artist, 1992
Most Successful German Production Abroad, 1995
"Beyond the Invisible", 1997
Over 100 platinum awards worldwide
7 RIAA platinum awards
2 RIAA gold awards
5 BPI platinum awards
2 BPI gold awards

Recording technologies
Cretu recorded the first five Enigma albums at A.R.T. Studios, a home recording studio located on the Spanish island of Ibiza. From 1988 until 2001, Cretu lived in Santa Eulària des Riu followed by, from 2001 to 2008, a villa near Sant Antoni where the studio was redesigned and built by Gunter Wagner and Bernd Steber. A Posteriori and Seven Lives Many Faces were recorded using an all-in-one mobile digital recording studio named Alchemist. In 2010, a reworked version of Alchemist was built and named Merlin. "MMX The Social Song" was the first Enigma release recorded with this model.

Sampling and lawsuits
In 1991, Cretu was sued by Munich-based choir Capella Antiqua and its record label Polydor Germany for infringing its "right of personality" through distortion in the samples used in "Sadeness (Part I)" and "Mea Culpa (Part II)". The samples were taken from Capella Antiqua's 1976 LP Paschale Mysterium; while the musical compositions were in the public domain, Capella Antiqua's recording of them was copyrighted. European law also recognizes moral rights (droit moral) in works.

In 1998, Cretu was sued by Taiwanese musicians Difang and Igay Duana (also known as Kuo Ying-nan and Kuo Hsiu-chu), whose voices are used in "Return to Innocence", over the unauthorized usage of their song without credit. The case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount of money and all further releases of the song were credited (including royalties) to the Kuos. Cretu has stated that he had been led to believe that the recording was in the public domain and that he did not intentionally violate the Kuos' copyright.

Musical style

Enigma generally produces worldbeat and new-age songs. The musical project is very experimental, often combining elements from other genres like ambience, pop, or rock. Michael Cretu has said in an Q&A that he is "always looking for the unknown and I am trying to find new ways to express my ideas." He later said:

Enigma's first album, MCMXC a.D., combines Gregorian chants and religious overtones with atmospheric synths, a hypnotic music-set, and a dance-like beat, along with elements of pop and ambience all accompanied by French-like whispers and somewhat erotic gasps, provided by Sandra. The Cross of Changes, Enigma's second album, replaces the Gregorian chants from the MCMXC a.D. with ethnic and tribal chanting. The album is atmospheric and spiritual like MCMXC a.D., but is combined with more well-developed beats and lyrics about love and self-awareness.

Legacy
Enigma's international success with MCMXC a.D. was a precursor to the creation of several other musical projects that follow similar styles and marketing approaches, especially the use of the term "project" as opposed to the band to denominate themselves, and the label "enigmatic music", employed mainly by radios and listeners, to categorize their music inside the new-age umbrella. Cretu has cited the progressive rock band Yes as an influence.

Soon after working with Michael Cretu on the first Enigma album, German producer Frank Peterson left the project to focus on Gregorian, a band that performs mostly covers of modern pop and rock songs with Gregorian-like vocals and symphonic instruments. Likewise, French musical project Era features Gregorian chants mixed with pop-rock arrangements and is also frequently compared in scope to Enigma.

More electronic projects that often draw comparisons with Enigma are French act Deep Forest, Canadian duo Delerium, Danish project Achillea (created by Enigma's co-producer and guest guitarist Jens Gad) and German project Schiller.

Personnel
Current members
Michael Cretu – music, lyrics, vocals, production, arrangements, programming, engineering (1990–present)

Former members and guest artists

 David Fairstein – lyrics (1990–2000)
Frank Peterson (F. Gregorian) – samples, production, engineering, co-writer (1990–1991)
Sandra Cretu – vocals, voices (1990–2003)
 Louisa Stanley – voices (1990–1996; 2006)
Jens Gad – guitars (1993; 2000–2003), arrangements and co-writing (2000–2003)
Peter Cornelius – guitars (1993–1996)
 Andreas Harde (Andy Jonas / Angel X) – vocals (1993)
 Todd Peleg – backing vocals (1993–1994)
Andru Donalds – vocals (1999–2008), co-writer (2008)
Ruth-Ann Boyle – vocals (1999–2003; 2008)
 Elizabeth Houghton – voices (1999–2000)

 Sebastian C. – vocals (2008)
 Nikita C. – vocals (2008)
 Margarita Roig – vocals, co-writer (2008)
 Nanuk – voices (2008, 2016)
 Alise Ketnere (Fox Lima) – vocals, co-writer (2010)
 Jérôme Pringault (J. Spring) – vocals, co-writer (2010)
 Mark Josher (Marcelo Amaral Pontello) – vocals, co-writer (2010, 2016)
 Rasa Veretenceviene (Rasa Serra) – vocals, co-writer (2010)
Anggun – vocals (2016)
Aquilo – vocals (2016)
Michael Kunze – story, co-writer (2016)

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums
 MCMXC a.D. (1990)
 The Cross of Changes (1993)
 Le Roi Est Mort, Vive Le Roi! (1996)
 The Screen Behind the Mirror (2000)
 Voyageur (2003)
 A Posteriori (2006)
 Seven Lives Many Faces (2008)
 The Fall of a Rebel Angel (2016)

See also
List of ambient music artists

References

Sources
[ Allmusic biography and discography]
[ Billboard.com, biography, discography and US chart history]
rateyourmusic.com, biography and discography
Discogs.com Biography and discography
Official Charts Company, UK chart history
Chartssurfer.de, German chart history

External links

1990 establishments in Germany
Musical groups established in 1990
New-age music groups
Worldbeat groups
Virgin Records artists
Charisma Records artists
Ambient music groups
German electronic musicians
German house musicians
German techno musicians
German trance musicians
German world music groups
Downtempo musicians

Enigma (German band)


North Carolina Tar Heels je zajedničko ime športskih ekipa, koje predstavljaju Sveučilište Sjeverna Karolina. Tar Heel je nadimak koji se odnosi na državljane Sjeverne Karoline. Sveučilište Sjeverna Karolina u Chapel Hillu osnovano je 1789. godine, a 1795. godine postalo je prvo sveučilište podržano od strane vlade SAD-a. Maskota Tar Heelsa je Rameses, ovan s rogovima obojanim u boje Tar Heelsa. Carolina je osvojila 43 nacionalna prvenstva u NCAA Diviziji I u sedam različitih sportova, deveta je po broju naslova svih vremena i ima 52 pojedinačna nacionalna prvenstva.

Bejzbol
 Naslovi ACC konferencije: 6 (1982., 1983., 1984., 1990., 2007., 2013.)
 Stadion: Boshamer Stadium (kapacitet: 5000)

Košarka
Trener: Roy Williams
 Arena: Dean Smith Center
 Naslovi SEC konferencije: 13 (Turnir: 1922., 1924., 1925., 1926., 1935., 1936., 1940., 1945.; Regularni dio sezone: 1935., 1938., 1941., 1944., 1946.)
 Naslovi ACC konferencije: 48 (Turnir: 1957, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2016; Regularni dio sezone: 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1995, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2017)
 Naslovi NCAA: 6 (1957., 1982., 1993., 2005., 2009., 2017.)
ACC/Državni igrači godine: 9 (Jack Cobb 1923. – 26., George Glamack 1938. – 41., Lennie Rosenbluth 1954. – 57., Phil Ford 1974. – 78., James Worthy 1979. – 82., Michael Jordan 1981. – 1984., Antawn Jamison 1995. – 98., Tyler Hansbrough 2005. – 09., Justin Jackson 2016. – 2017.)

Američki nogomet
 Stadion: Kenan Memorial Stadium
 ACC naslovi: 5 (1963., 1971., 1972., 1977., 1980.)
 Bowl natjecanja: 30 (1947 Sugar, 1949 Sugar, 1950 Cotton, 1963 Gator, 1970 Peach, 1971 Gator, 1972 Sun, 1974 Sun, 1976 Peach, 1977 Liberty, 1979 Gator, 1980 Bluebonnet, 1981 Gator, 1982 Sun, 1983 Peach, 1986 Aloha, 1993 Peach, 1993 Gator, 1994 Sun, 1995 Carquest, 1997 Gator, 1998 Gator, 1998 Las Vegas, 2001 Peach, 2004 Continental Tire, 2008 Meineke Car Care, 2009 Meineke Car Care, 2010 Music City, 2011 Independence, 2013 Belk)

Ostali sportovi
 Lacrosse
 Hokej na travi
 Nogomet
 Golf
 Hrvanje

Šport u SAD-u

North Carolina Tar Heels


Karl Hahn ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Karl Hahn (Pädagoge, 1778) (Karl Heinrich August Hahn; 1778–1854), deutscher Erzieher, Schriftsteller und Theologe
 Karl von Hahn (Theaterleiter) (Karl Friedrich von Hahn; 1782–1857), deutscher Theaterleiter
 Karl Hahn (Jurist) (1824–1880), deutscher Jurist, Richter und Politiker
 Karl von Hahn (Beamter, 1824) (Friedrich Ernst Johann Karl von Hahn; 1824–1902), deutscher Beamter
 Karl Hahn (Politiker, 1846) (1846–1899), deutscher Politiker (NLP), Oberbürgermeister von Bochum
 Karl von Hahn (Ethnograph) (1848–1925), deutscher Ethnograph
 Karl Hahn (Politiker, 1866) (1866–1932), deutscher Politiker (SPD), MdL Baden
 Karl Hahn (Pädagoge, 1882) (Karl Walter Hahn; 1882–1963), deutscher Pädagoge und Physikdidaktiker
 Karl Hahn (Beamter, 1883) (1883–1967), deutscher Verwaltungsbeamter
 Karl Hahn (Maler) (1892–1980), deutscher Maler und Grafiker
 Karl Hahn (Ingenieur) (1899–1960), deutscher Maschinenbauingenieur und Hochschullehrer
 Karl Hahn (Politiker, 1901) (1901–1982), deutscher Politiker (CDU), MdB
 Karl Hahn (Politikwissenschaftler) (* 1937), deutscher Politikwissenschaftler
 Karl August Hahn (1807–1857), deutscher Philologe und Hochschullehrer

 Karl Gottfried Hahn (1887–1964), deutscher Verwaltungsjurist und Richter
 Karl-Heinz Hahn (1921–1990), deutscher Germanist, Historiker, Archivar und Hochschullehrer
 Karl Hugo Hahn (1818–1895), deutscher Theologe und Missionar, siehe Carl Hugo Hahn
 Karl Josef Hahn (1912–2001), deutsch-niederländischer Philologe und Literaturwissenschaftler

Siehe auch:
 Carl Hahn

Karl Hahn


ජ්‍යාමිතියේ දී පිරමීඩයක් () යනු ත්‍රිකෝණාකාර මුහුණත් සතරකුත් චතුරස්‍රාකාර පාදමකුත් සහිත වස්තුවකි.

පිරමීඩ

පිරමීඩ (ජ්‍යාමිතිය)


Mudbidri (en canarés: ಮೂಡಬಿದ್ರಿ ) es una ciudad de la India en el distrito de Dakshina Kannada, estado de Karnataka.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 122  a 363 km de la capital estatal, Bangalore, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía y religión
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 38 090 habitantes. Mudbidri es una de las localidades del sur de la India donde más se practica el jainismo. En la localidad se encuentran numerosos Basadis o templos jainistas.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth.

Localidades de Karnataka
Templos jainistas de India

Mudbidri


98866 Giannabussolari este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
98866 Giannabussolari este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Cima Ekar în cadrul programului Asiago-DLR Asteroid Survey. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,42 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 6,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 98001-99000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2001
Centura de asteroizi
Asteroizi cu nume de oameni

98866 Giannabussolari


Kengerlinski rajon (azerski: Kəngərli rayonu) je jedan od 66 azerbajdžanskih rajona. Kengerlinski rajon se nalazi na jugozapadu Azerbajdžana unutar Nahičevanske Autonomne Republike na granici s Armenijom i Iranom. Središte rajona je Kivrak. Površina Kengerlinskog rajona iznosi 682 km². Prema popisu stanovništva Džulfinski rajon ima oko 31.800 stanovnika.

Kengerlinski rajon se sastoji od 11 općina.

Izvori

Rajoni Azerbajdžana
Rajoni Nahičevanske Autonomne Republike

Kengerlinski rajon


Claire Damon, née le  à Clermont-Ferrand, est une cheffe pâtissière française et fondatrice de l'enseigne Des Gâteaux et du Pain, créée en 2006 à Paris avec son associé David Granger, boulanger.

En 2014, elle est la première cheffe pâtissière française à intégrer l'association Relais Desserts qui rassemble une centaine de pâtissiers. En 2018, elle est élue Meilleure Pâtissière Boutique de l'année par cette même association.

En 2021, le Potager du Roi, à Versailles, la choisit comme marraine de sa campagne « Mon potager c'est le Potager du Roi », visant à récolter des fonds pour la rénovation du Grand Carré, joyau du potager.

Biographie, formation
Claire Damon grandit entre l'Auvergne et l'Aveyron. Elle commence sa formation à l'âge de 16 ans à l'Institut des métiers de Clermont-Ferrand. Elle effectue un stage dans une pâtisserie de Clermont-Ferrand, puis travaille en cuisine, à l'Auberge des Touristes, auprès du chef étoilé Bernard Andrieux.

Sélectionnée pour le Concours du Meilleur Apprenti de France (elle arrive en finale), elle se rend alors pour la première fois à Paris en 1995. Elle se tourne alors définitivement vers la pâtisserie en apprentissage chez Ladurée, aux côtés de Pierre Hermé qui deviendra son mentor. Cinq ans plus tard, après 6 mois au Bristol, elle rejoint le Plaza Athénée où elle est l'adjointe de Christophe Michalak. En 2005, elle décide d'élargir son expérience chez Costes où elle découvre la production de pâtisserie à plus grande échelle en laboratoire industriel.

En 2006, elle ouvre sa première boutique Des Gâteaux et du Pain, boulevard Pasteur (Paris 15ème), en s'associant au boulanger David Granger.

En 2013, une deuxième boutique voit le jour rue du Bac (Paris 7ème).

Philosophie
La signature de Claire Damon est le travail des fruits avec un grand soin apporté au choix des matières premières. Sa gamme de gâteaux évolue donc au fil des saisons.

Bibliographie

 Des Gâteaux et des saisons, 2021, Ducasse Editions
 "Si Paris était..." par la Cheffe pâtissière Claire Damon, 2020, Monde Autrement Editions

Distinctions

 2021 : Chevalier de l'Ordre national du mérite

Notes et références

Naissance à Clermont-Ferrand
Naissance en juin 1977
Pâtissier français
Chevalier de l'ordre national du Mérite

Claire Damon


الجنيه هو اسم لبعض العملات المالية المستخدمة حالياً، ويمكن اعتباره ترجمة لكلمة باوند وهي العملة الإنجليزية حيث أنها تسمى جنيه استرليني كما أن الجنيه ينتشر في الدول التي كانت تحت الاستعمار الإنجليزي بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، ومن أمثلة الجنيه ما يلي:

 جنيه فلسطيني: العملة الرسمية الشرعية في مناطق الانتداب البريطاني على فلسطين وإمارة شرق الأردن ما بين عامي 1927 و1948.
 جنيه ليبي: عملة ليبيا بين عامي 1951 و1971.

جنيه (توضيح)


An Eragrostis balgooyi in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jan Frederik Veldkamp. An Eragrostis balgooyi in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eragrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eragrostis

Eragrostis balgooyi


La playa de La Cala de Dénia (Alicante, España) es una pequeña cala, de unos 150 m de extensión, situada al final de la Ctra. de Les Rotes.
Una vez allí es necesario continuar un camino a pie (señalizado) y a escasos metros se encuentra esta cala. También se la conoce por la 'Cala de Aigua Dolç' o 'Cala de Agua Dulce'.

La Cala pertenece a la Reserva Marina del Cabo de San Antonio y posee los certificados ISO 9001 E ISO 14001. Además, tiene la calificación de "Lugar de interés comunitario", como Microreserva de flora en el fondo marino.

La cala es nudista y cuenta con servicios de vigilancia y limpieza. También se puede practicar el buceo si se solicita permiso.

Véase también
Playas de la Comunidad Valenciana
Denia

Enlaces externos
Portal turístico de Denia

Rotas

La Cala (Las Rotas)


Undercover Girl é um filme estadunidense dirigido por Joseph Pevney e estrelado por Alexis Smith e Scott Brady. Este foi o segundo filme de Pevney como diretor. Foi lançado em 2 de novembro de 1950 pela Universal Pictures.

Elenco

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1950
Filmes noir
Filmes dirigidos por Joseph Pevney
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes de mistério dos Estados Unidos
Filmes da Universal Pictures
Filmes em língua inglesa

Undercover Girl


قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون لسنة 1909:

فردي رجال

 أرثر جور هزم  جوزيه رايتشي. النتيجة: 6-8 1-6 6-2 6-2 6-2

فردي سيدات

 دورا بوثبي هزمت  أغنيس مورتن. النتيجة: 6-4, 4-6, 8-6

مراجع

بطولة ويمبلدون 1909
أحداث 1909 الرياضية في لندن
أحداث يوليو 1909 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1909 الرياضية
كرة المضرب في 1909

بطولة ويمبلدون 1909


Un chercheur universitaire est une personne qui poursuit des activités académiques et intellectuelles, en particulier des universitaires qui appliquent leur intellectualisme à une expertise dans un domaine d'étude. Il peut également être un érudit qui travaille comme professeur, enseignant ou chercheur dans une université. Il est généralement titulaire d'un diplôme supérieur ou d'un diplôme terminal, comme une maîtrise ou un doctorat (PhD). Les universitaires indépendants, tels que des philosophes et des intellectuels publics, travaillent en dehors de l'académie, mais publient dans des revues universitaires et participent à des débats publics sur les questions scientifiques.

Définitions
Dans l'usage anglais contemporain, le terme « chercheur » (savant) est parfois équivalent au terme universitaire « académique » et décrit une personne ayant reçu une formation universitaire et ayant atteint la maîtrise intellectuelle d'une discipline académique, en tant qu'instructeur et chercheur. De plus, avant la création des universités, le terme « savant » identifiait et décrivait une personne intellectuelle dont l'occupation principale était la recherche professionnelle. En 1847, le ministre Emanuel Vogel Gerhart a parlé du rôle du savant dans la société :

« Le savant est celui dont tout l'être intérieur, intellectuel et moral, a été symétriquement déployé, discipliné et fortifié sous l'influence de la vérité... Aucune faculté ne doit être exploitée au détriment des autres. L'homme intérieur tout entier doit se développer harmonieusement. »

Gerhart a soutenu qu'un universitaire ne peut pas se concentrer sur une seule discipline, affirmant que la connaissance de plusieurs disciplines est nécessaire pour mettre chacune d'entre elles en contexte et pour en éclairer le développement :

« Être un érudit implique plus qu'un simple apprentissage... Un véritable érudit possède quelque chose de plus : il pénètre et comprend les principes et les lois du domaine particulier de la connaissance humaine qu'il prétend connaître. Il s'imprègne de la vie de la science... [et] son esprit est transfusé et modelé par son énergie et sa pensée.

Un examen de 2011 a décrit les attributs suivants communément accordés aux universitaires comme « décrits par de nombreux auteurs, avec quelques légères variations dans la définition » :

« Les thèmes communs sont qu'un érudit est une personne qui a une grande capacité intellectuelle, qu'il est un penseur et un acteur indépendant, avec des idées qui se distinguent des autres, qu'il est persistant dans sa quête de développement des connaissances, qu'il est systématique, qu'il a une intégrité inconditionnelle, une honnêteté intellectuelle, qu'il a des convictions et se tient seul pour les soutenir. »

Les chercheurs universitaires peuvent s'appuyer sur la méthode scientifique ou l'érudition, un ensemble de principes et de pratiques utilisés par les érudits pour rendre leurs affirmations sur le monde aussi valables et fiables que possible pour les faire connaître au public universitaire. Il s'agit des méthodes qui font systématiquement progresser l'enseignement, la recherche et la pratique d'un domaine d'études académique ou universitaire donné grâce à une enquête rigoureuse. La recherche est créative, peut être documentée, peut être reproduite ou élaborée, et peut être et est examinée par des pairs selon diverses méthodes.

Rôle dans la société
Les érudits sont généralement considérés comme des personnalités honorables d'un rang social élevé, engagées dans un travail important pour la société. Dans la Chine impériale, dans la période de  jusqu'à , les érudits étaient les Scholar-officials (« Scholar-gentlemen »), qui étaient des fonctionnaires nommés par l'empereur de Chine pour accomplir les tâches de gouvernance quotidienne. Ces fonctionnaires obtenaient des diplômes universitaires au moyen d'un examen impérial. Ils étaient également de bons calligraphes et connaissaient la philosophie confucéenne. L'historien Wing-Tsit Chan conclut que :
Ces fonctionnaires obtenaient des diplômes universitaires par le biais d'un examen impérial. Ils étaient également de bons calligraphes et connaissaient la philosophie confucéenne. L'historien Wing-Tsit Chan conclut que :

« D'une manière générale, le bilan de ces érudits-gentilshommes est honorable. Il était suffisamment bon pour être loué et imité dans l'Europe du . Néanmoins, il a donné à la Chine un énorme handicap dans sa transition du gouvernement par les hommes au gouvernement par la loi, et les considérations personnelles dans le gouvernement chinois ont été une malédiction. »

En Corée de la période Joseon (1392-1910), les intellectuels étaient les lettrés, qui savaient lire et écrire, et avaient été désignés, comme les chungin (les « gens du milieu »), conformément au système confucéen. Socialement, ils constituaient la petite bourgeoisie, composée de savants-bureaucrates (érudits, professionnels et techniciens) qui administraient le régime dynastique de la dynastie Joseon.

Dans son discours de 1847,Gerhart a affirmé que les chercheurs ont l'obligation de poursuivre constamment leurs études afin de se maintenir au courant des nouvelles connaissances générées  et d'apporter leurs propres idées à l'ensemble des connaissances accessibles à tous :

« Le progrès de la science comporte des intérêts considérables. Il mérite l'attention de tous les amoureux sincères de la vérité. Chaque savant a le devoir de contribuer à l'épanouissement progressif de ses richesses et de sa puissance. Ils ... doivent unir leurs efforts pour mettre en lumière ce qui a échappé à la vision des hommes de noble stature intellectuelle qui ont vécu et sont morts avant eux. »

De nombreux universitaires sont également des professeurs chargés d'enseigner à d'autres personnes. Dans un certain nombre de pays, le titre de « professeur chercheur » désigne un professeur qui se consacre exclusivement ou principalement à la recherche et qui a peu ou pas d'obligations d'enseignement. Par exemple, le titre est utilisé dans ce sens au Royaume-Uni (où il est connu sous le nom de « professeur de recherche » dans certaines universités et « chargé de recherche » dans d'autres institutions) et en Europe du Nord.

Le professeur de recherche est généralement le rang le plus élevé d'un parcours de carrière axé sur la recherche dans ces pays, et il est considéré comme égal au rang ordinaire de professeur titulaire. Il s'agit le plus souvent d'employés permanents, et le poste est souvent occupé par des chercheurs particulièrement éminents ; il est donc souvent considéré comme plus prestigieux qu'un poste de professeur titulaire ordinaire. Le titre est utilisé dans un sens assez similaire aux États-Unis, à l'exception du fait que les professeurs de recherche dans ce pays ne sont souvent pas des employés permanents et doivent souvent trouver des sources de revenus par d'autres moyens, ce qui n'est généralement pas le cas ailleurs.

Chercheurs indépendants
Un chercheur indépendant est une personne qui mène des recherches universitaires en dehors des universités et du milieu universitaire traditionnel. En 2010, 12 % des chercheurs en histoire des États-Unis étaient indépendants. Les chercheurs indépendants sont généralement titulaires d'un master ou d'un doctorat. En histoire, les chercheurs indépendants se distinguent des animateurs d'émissions télévisées d'histoire populaire et des historiens amateurs « par le niveau auquel leurs publications utilisent la rigueur analytique et le style d'écriture académique. »

Au cours des siècles précédents, certains érudits indépendants ont acquis une renommée, comme Samuel Johnson et Edward Gibbon au  et Charles Darwin et Karl Marx au  et Sigmund Freud, Sir Steven Runciman et Robert Davidsohn au . Il y avait aussi une tradition d'homme de lettres, comme Evelyn Waugh. Le terme « homme de lettres » dérive du terme français belletrist ou « homme de lettres » mais n'est pas synonyme d'« universitaire ». Aux  et , le terme Belletrist(s) s'applique aux lettrés : les participants français - parfois appelés « citoyens » de la République des Lettres, qui évolue vers le salon destiné à l'édification, à l'éducation, et au raffinement culturel.

Il existe une association professionnelle pour les chercheurs indépendants aux États-Unis : c'est la National Coalition of Independent Scholars. Au Canada, l'association professionnelle équivalente est l'Académie canadienne des chercheurs indépendants (en association avec l'Université Simon Fraser). Des organisations similaires existent dans le monde entier. L'adhésion à une association professionnelle implique généralement un diplôme d'études supérieures et des recherches établies. Lorsque des chercheurs indépendants participent à des conférences universitaires, ils peuvent être qualifiés de chercheurs non affiliés, car ils n'occupent pas de poste dans une université ou une autre institution.

Bien que les chercheurs indépendants puissent gagner un revenu en enseignant à temps partiel, en donnant des conférences ou en travaillant comme consultants, l'Université de la Colombie-Britannique considère que gagner un revenu est le plus grand défi à relever pour un chercheur indépendant. En raison des difficultés rencontrées pour gagner sa vie en tant que chercheur sans poste universitaire, « de nombreux chercheurs indépendants dépendent de la présence d'un partenaire ayant un emploi rémunéré. » Pour avoir accès aux bibliothèques et autres installations de recherche, les chercheurs indépendants doivent demander l'autorisation des universités.

Dans son article intitulé « Arrêtez de m'appeler indépendant » l'écrivaine Megan Kate Nelson affirme que le terme « marginalise les universitaires non affiliés » et est injustement considéré comme un indicateur « d'échec professionnel. » Rebecca Bodenheimer explique que les universitaires indépendants comme elle qui participent à des conférences et dont le badge officiel ne porte pas le nom d'une université ont l'impression que le terme « universitaire indépendant » est perçu comme un « signal indiquant qu'un universitaire n'est pas désiré par l'académie ou qu'il n'est pas prêt à faire les sacrifices nécessaires pour réussir en tant qu'universitaire. »

Articles connexes
 Category:Scholars - La catégorie des universitaires, les personnes qui étudient un domaine
 L'érudition (學民思潮) Mouvement politique de Hong Kong
 Bourse d'études
 Scolastique
 Autodidactisme
 Sciences citoyennes

Références

Liens externes

 Coalition nationale des universitaires indépendants

Académie
Sagesse
Intelligence

Chercheur universitaire


Diana Damrau (født 31. maj 1971 i Günzburg) er en tysk operasangerinde, der synger som sopran. Hun er tilknyttet Bayerische Staatsoper som kammersangerinde.

Damrau er især kendt og rost for sin fortolkning af Mozart og Strauss, og særligt for 'Nattens Dronnings Arie' fra Mozarts Tryllefløjten.

I 1995 have Diana Damraus scenedebut, da hun spillede rollen som blomsterpigen Eliza i My Fair Lady. Efterfølgende har hun stået på de største scener i hele verden - hendes amerikanske debut var i 2002 i John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts i Washington D.C..

Privat
Diana Damrau blev i 2010 gift med den franske bas- og baryton-sanger Nicolas Testé, og sammen har de to sønner (født 2010 og 2012).

Eksterne henvisninger

 Diana Damraus officielle websted

Personer fra Bayern
Operasangere fra Tyskland
Sopraner

Diana Damrau


El Boquete de Zafarraya es un puerto de montaña de la Cordillera Penibética, situado en la Sierra de Alhama, entre las provincias de Málaga y Granada.

Este puerto de montaña constituye el paso natural más importante entre La Axarquía malagueña y la provincia de Granada.

Se tiene constancia del poblamiento de este lugar desde tiempos prehistóricos por los restos aparecidos en la cueva del Boquete de Zafarraya y la cueva del Tajo, en el término municipal de Alcaucín.

Bibliografía
 Yus Ramos, R. et al: Por la Dorsal Bética. Centro de Desarrollo Rural (CEDER) de la Axarquía, Málaga 2007. ISBN 978-84-690-6437-5.

Enlaces externos

Puertos de montaña de la provincia de Granada
Puertos de montaña de la provincia de Málaga
Cordillera Penibética
La Axarquía

Boquete de Zafarraya


Çiçek Abbas, Sinan Çetin'in yönettiği ve baş rollerinde İlyas Salman, Şener Şen ve Pembe Mutlu'nun yer aldığı, 1982 yapımı komedi - drama filmidir.

Konu
Çiçek Abbas (İlyas Salman), Şakir adında (Şener Şen) bir minibüs şoförünün yanında muavindir. Şakir çapkın bencilin tekidir. Abbas ise tam tersine saf biridir. Tek hayali minibüsçü olmak ve âşık olduğu ve patronunun da evlenmek istediği kızla (Pembe Mutlu) evlenmektir. Abbas hurda bir minibüsü tefeciden borçlanarak alır ve çalışarak borcunu ödemeye başlar. Bu sırada patronun ayrıldığı nişanlısı ile birbirlerine aşık olurlar. Şakir bunu hazmedemez ve Abbas'ın minibüsünün tekerleklerini ve motorunu çalar. Zor duruma düşen Abbas borcunu ödeyemez ve minibüse mahallenin tefecisi el koyar. Şakir Abbas'ın âşık olduğu kızla evlenmek için zorla bastırır ve babası (İhsan Yüce), ekonomik durumu daha iyi olduğu için kızını ona verir. Nikâh günü Şakir'in kız kardeşi (Ayşen Gruda) Abbas'a yardım eder ve Abbas Nazlı'yı nikâh masasından kaçırır.

Filmin çekim aşaması
Yönetmen Sinan Çetin imzasını taşıyan Çiçek Abbas filminin çekimlerine 1981 yılının Ekim ayında başlandı. O dönem İstanbul'da baş gösteren yoğun yağmur nedeniyle çekimler zor şartlarda gerçekleşti. Oyuncular filmin çekildiği Alibeyköy'e çoğu kez otobüs veya taksi ile gidiyorlardı. Çevre halkının büyük ilgisi nedeniyle birçok sahne belirlenen saatin dışında çekilirken, oyuncu İhsan Yüce'nin hava şartları nedeniyle ses tellerini üşütmesi sonucunda filmdeki seslendirmesini Yaman Okay yapmıştır.

Mekan seçimi için ilk aday Merter'di, ancak Sinan Çetin'in önerisi ile Alibeyköy seçilmiştir. Yavuz Turgul ve beraberinde Alibeyköy'e giden Çetin, burada halkın büyük ilgisi ile karşılaşmışlar ve çevre şartları nedeniyle film çekimi için orasını uygun görmüşlerdir.

Yönetmen Sinan Çetin filmin ana karakterlerinden Şakir için ilk etapta Şener Şen'i düşünmüyordu. Bunun nedeni Şener Şen'in artık uyanık kaba kötü kalpli adam rollerinde oynamak istememesi idi. Şener Şen halkın sadece güldüğü değil, aynı zamanda üzerinde düşündüğü, iyi kalpli, bazen saf halktan karakterleri oynamak istediğini belirtmiş; Çetin de eğer başka projelerde de birlikte çalışırlarsa Şen'in istediği yönde bir eğilim içinde olacağını belirtmiş ve bu filmde istenen karakteri oynamasını ünlü sanatçıdan rica etmiştir.

Senaryoyu yazan Yavuz Turgul bu film için o dönemde gazetelerde haber olan bir minibüs şoförünün sevdiği kızı kaçırması olayından ilham aldığını belirtmiştir. İlk taslakta, filmin yoksul ama iyi kalpli kararkteri Abbas, filmin sonunda sevdiğine kavuşamıyor, kuytu bir yerde minibüsünün içinde donmuş bir halde ölü bulunuyordu. Bir televizyon programına katılan Sinan Çetin bu konuda şunları söylemiştir: Film o kadar dramatik gidiyordu ki, filmin iyi kalpli kahramanının sevdiğini elde etmesini çok istedik. Bu aynı zamanda o zamanki toplumun kabuklarının değişmesi için de çok önemli bir fırsattı. Genelde filmler kötü sonla bitiyor, insanlar eve ağlayarak gidiyordu. Abbas çok emek vermişti, hayalleri vardı, işine çok bağlıydı, bazen hayat istediklerinizi size vermez ama biz Abbas'a hak ettiğini vermeliydik ve verdik...

Film çekimleri sırasında zorlu hava şartları nedeniyle İlyas Salman birçok kez Alibeyköy'de bir hayranının evinde kalmıştır. Aynı dönemde kızını ilkokula yazdıran Salman için de, bu film özel bir anı olarak hafızalarda yer etmiştir.

Oyuncular

 İlyas Salman - Çiçek Abbas
 Şener Şen - Şakir Serengil
 Ayşen Gruda - Şükriye
 Pembe Mutlu - Nazlı (ses. Tijen Par)
 Ahmet Mekin - Mustafa (ses. Zekai Müftüoğlu)
 İhsan Yüce - İhsan (ses. Yaman Okay)
 Orhan Çağman - Nuri Baba
 Ali Fuat Onan - Muavin Niyazi (ses. Osman Görgen)
 Hikmet Gül - Şakir`in annesi (ses. Alev Gürzap)
 Ali Demirel - Polis memuru
 Ömer Bubu - Bubu Murtaza
 Garibe Gündem - Nazlı`nın annesi
 Burhan İnce - Gazeteci
 Sabahat İzgü - Yolcu
 Yaşar Güner - Tefeci Necdet
 Erol Emerle - Bekçi

Aldığı Ödül
 1982 Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali, En İyi Senaryo, Yavuz Turgul

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 SinemaTürk'te Çiçek Abbas

1982 çıkışlı Türk filmleri
Sinan Çetin'in yönettiği filmler
Türk komedi-drama filmleri
1980'lerde komedi-drama filmleri
İstanbul'da çekilmiş filmler
Konusu İstanbul'da geçen filmler
Yavuz Turgul'un senaryosunu yazdığı filmler
Sertaç Karan'ın görüntülediği filmler
Cahit Berkay'ın müziğini yaptığı filmler
1980'lerde Türkçe filmler
1982 çıkışlı dramatik filmler
1982 çıkışlı komedi filmleri

Çiçek Abbas


The New Brunswick New Democratic Party () is a social-democratic provincial political party in New Brunswick, Canada linked with the federal New Democratic Party (NDP).

History

Origins and early history
The origins of the New Brunswick NDP can be traced back to the establishment of the Fredericton Socialist League in 1902. Prominent leaders within the movement included poet and publisher Martin Butler, as well as educator Henry Harvey Stuart, who formed a Fredericton local of the new Socialist Party of Canada in 1905. The SPC had several branches in the province prior to the First World War. Stuart was later a supporter of independent labour candidates, who had two successful candidates in Northumberland County in the 1920 provincial election. Additionally, nine Farmer candidates were  elected that year. A strong believer in building alliances among the province's social movements, Stuart was later an influential figure in the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation to the time of his death in 1952.

The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), a social-democratic and democratic socialist federal political party, was organized at Calgary in 1932. A detailed platform, known as the Regina Manifesto, was adopted the following year. In New Brunswick, supporters of the new party convinced the New Brunswick Federation of Labour to sponsor a founding convention for the New Brunswick Section of the CCF. This took place at Moncton in June 1933, with party leader J.S. Woodsworth in attendance. Harry Girvan of Coal Creek was elected president.

The New Brunswick CCF was slow to become established on the provincial political scene. It ran only one candidate in the 1939 election, Joseph C. Arrowsmith in the riding of Saint John City, winning 712 votes. The fortunes of the New Brunswick CCF rose in tandem with growing expectations for postwar social reform and the rising fortunes of the national CCF, including the election of the CCF in Saskatchewan in 1944. Under the leadership of J. A. Mugridge, a trade unionist and the chief electrician at the Saint John Drydock and Shipbuilding Company, the CCF won 11.7 percent of the vote in New Brunswick's 1944 provincial election. The best results were in Edmundston, Saint John, and Moncton, which had large numbers of union members. In that election, the CCF described itself as "the People's Party", running on a twelve-point program that included  public ownership and full development of all natural resources including electricity, oil and gas and other public utilities.

The 1944 election proved to be an electoral high-point for the CCF in New Brunswick. A combination of anti-CCF propaganda, the increasing adoption of somewhat progressive policies by the New Brunswick Liberals and Conservatives, and a general trend of post-war decline for the CCF nationally all contributed to weaken the New Brunswick CCF in the 1948 provincial election. This time under Arrowsmith's leadership, they received half the votes they had won in 1944 and again won no seats. In the 1952 provincial election, the CCF ran only 12 candidates and received only 1.3% of the vote and no seats. The CCF ran no candidates in the 1956 and 1960 provincial elections.

The NDP to 1988
The New Brunswick CCF retired from the scene to give way to the New Democratic Party (NDP), which was founded in 1961 as a Canadian social- democratic party with strong ties to organized labour, especially the Canadian Labour Congress, which was instrumental in founding the new party. At the provincial level, the New Brunswick NDP was organized in December 1962. Prospects were not good during the 1960s, however, as the province's new Liberal premier, Louis J. Robichaud, was a left-of-centre populist politician who won three successive provincial elections and introduced significant social reforms. The New Brunswick NDP did not run candidates in the 1963 provincial election and ran only three candidates in the 1967 provincial election.

In 1971, a party convention narrowly endorsed a manifesto proposed by the New Brunswick Waffle, a local group loosely related to the minority wing of the federal NDP known as The Waffle, which was known for advocating stronger socialist and nationalist policies. The federal NDP responded to the New Brunswick upset by temporarily dissolving the provincial NDP until non-Waffle leadership was re-established with the reinstatement of J. Albert Richardson. The Waffle episode had the effect of promoting greater labour involvement in the party, for fear that the party would fall under the sway of more radical supporters without it.

During the late 1970s, under the leadership of John LaBossiere, the party increasingly adopted policy positions that reflected feminist and environmentalist concerns, including opposition to aerial spruce budworm spraying and the construction of the Point Lepreau nuclear plant. These initiatives attracted new supporters while also weakening relations with some labour supporters. The party also saw its membership grow and its organizational abilities improve during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Along with promoting traditional social-democratic NDP policies, the party also attacked government patronage and poor fiscal management.

Relations with organized labour and the women's movement improved further after George Little became party leader in 1980. During Little's time as leader, in the 1982 New Brunswick election the party won its first-ever seat in Tantramar, with the election of Robert Hall to the legislature. A second seat was won in a 1984 by-election in East Saint John, but Peter Trites left to join the Liberals before the next election. The New Brunswick NDP ran a full slate of candidates for the first time in the 1987 campaign. The period saw increasing popular support (surpassing 10% for the first time) and rising membership totals, numbering over 1,000 by the mid-1980s. However, the party failed to win any seats in 1987, due to the tidal wave of support for Frank McKenna and the Liberals, who won more than 60% of the vote and took 100% of the seats in the legislature. Little stepped down from the leadership in 1988. Robert Hall served as interim leader until a leadership conference was held.

Elizabeth Weir, 1988–2005
In June 1988, Elizabeth Weir, the party's former provincial secretary, was elected as the party's new leader. After the one-sided 1987 election, Premier McKenna allowed leaders of the unrepresented parties to ask questions in the legislature and in the public accounts committee. Weir took full advantage of the opportunity, using her training as a lawyer and her speaking skills to needle the government. Her media presence and political stature increased significantly, and she was sometimes referred to by cabinet ministers as the unofficial Leader of the Opposition. In the 1991 provincial election, Weir won a seat in Saint John South, making her the first provincial NDP leader to be elected to the legislature. She was re-elected in the new constituency of Saint John Harbour in the 1995 provincial election, running against a star Liberal candidate. Weir won re-election twice more after this.

During her time in the legislature, Weir proved a strong critic of McKenna's neo-liberal policies, successfully attacking public-private partnerships such as a plan to have a youth detention centre built and operated by an American corporation. She was also an ally of organized labour in resisting legislated wage freezes that were directed at public sector employees. She promoted the expansion of union rights through legislation to prohibit the use of replacement workers in strikes. At the request of organized labour, Weir introduced the Workers Mourning Day Act, enacted in 2000, which established April 28 as an annual day of recognition for workers killed or injured in the workplace. In other areas, she addressed issues such as women's rights, pay equity, environmental protection, poverty and the rights of social assistance recipients. During her last term, she was successful in gaining the support of an all-party committee for public automobile insurance.

Despite Weir's personal popularity and her ability to attract strong candidates, she was not able to add extra seats to the party caucus. This was especially disappointing in light of the election of Yvon Godin as a federal NDP Member of Parliament in Acadie-Bathurst in 1997; he ultimately served five terms in Parliament. In 2004, Weir announced her plan to step down as leader and also resigned her seat after a new leader was chosen the following year.

Challenges, 2005–2017
The period immediately following Weir's departure was a difficult one for the party. Allison Brewer was elected as party leader in September 2005, but faced challenges due to her inability to speak French and her lack of experience in electoral politics. In the 2006 provincial election the NDP failed to run a full slate and saw their popular vote collapse. Brewer resigned soon after the election. Pat Hanratty stood in as interim leader.

He was replaced by Roger Duguay in 2007. Duguay's tenure as leader was dominated by a shakeup in the party's internal operations. Much of the old executive of the party was replaced in 2009 and a new team of modernizers began to gain prominence within the party. During the 2010 provincial election the party platform combined traditional progressive social policy, education and health spending with a greater emphasis on the need for fiscal prudence and balanced budgets and cutting wasteful government spending, including opposition to corporate welfare. The party more than doubled its share of the vote, returning to the levels achieved under Little and Weir, but no candidate, including Duguay, won a seat. He resigned as leader in November 2010.

Following Duguay's resignation, Jesse Travis was named interim leader, and a leadership race was scheduled for 2011. When one of the two candidates, Pierre Cyr, was disqualified and withdrew, the party's former campaign director Dominic Cardy was acclaimed as party leader. In a leadership review at the 2012 party convention, Cardy was endorsed by 82% of the voting members. He then continued the process of  changing the party's policies and organization, in line with the Third Way model associated with former British prime minister Tony Blair, whom Cardy admired.

By 2014, however, Cardy's political strategy was attracting criticism, especially on issues of policies on resource development in forestry, oil pipelines and shale gas. Concerns increased when Cardy recruited several prominent former Conservative and Liberal politicians as candidates for the 2014 election. These factors contributed to the defection of some NDP supporters, including former leader Allison Brewer, to the Green Party of New Brunswick, who were successful in electing David Coon in Fredericton South. The NDP received 13% of the vote in the September 22, 2014 provincial election, a record high in votes. Although Cardy came within 500 votes of winning in his constituency, the party failed to win any seats.

Cardy announced plans to resign at the next party convention, but this was suspended to enable him to run in an unexpected byelection in Saint John East in November 2014, though without success. The party executive subsequently encouraged him to continue as leader. Criticism of Cardy's policies and leadership style increased, with concerns expressed by veteran leaders such as federal NDP MP Yvon Godin and Daniel Légère, president of the Canadian Union of Public Employees, New Brunswick. Complaining of party infighting, Cardy resigned both as leader and as a party member on January 1, 2017. Later that month, he announced that he was joining the Progressive Conservatives under party leader Blaine Higgs as a member of his staff. He subsequently was appointed to cabinet when Higgs's PCs formed government.

Jennifer McKenzie, 2017–2019
On August 10, 2017, Jennifer McKenzie of St. Martins, a rural community east of Saint John, was confirmed as the new leader of the party. Before returning to New Brunswick, she served as chair of the public school board in Ottawa, Ontario. In the 2015 federal election, she ran as a candidate in Fundy-Royal, finishing in third place with 17.5% of the votes. An electrical engineer and tech entrepreneur by background, McKenzie ran for the NDP leadership on a pledge to bring the party back to its traditions of advancing social, environmental and economic justice. Outgoing interim leader Rosaire L'Italien described the change as a "rebirth" of the party and welcomed previously alienated party members to return. "I am a socialist and I believe in the power of people working together," McKenzie stated at a press conference, "I hope to take this party into the future based on the solid principles on which the New Democrats are founded." Among the party's planks for the 2018 election were plans to reduce university tuition and to eliminate community college tuition fees, plans to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour, and plans to roll out a universal daycare and after school program run by school districts. Under McKenzie's leadership, the party registered between 5% and 13% support in the polls. More than half the party's candidates in 2018 were women, making the NDP the only political party to achieve this level. On election night, however, the NDP was eclipsed on the left by the Green Party, whose supporters included many former NDP voters. The party received 5% of the vote and was reduced to fifth place, behind the Greens and the People's Alliance of New Brunswick, who each elected three members. McKenzie placed third in Saint John Harbour, with 14.7% of the vote, slightly ahead of the Green candidate. At a party meeting on February 24, 2019, delegates voted narrowly in favour of holding a leadership convention. The following day, McKenzie stated she did not intend to run in the contest and announced her resignation.

Decline, 2019–2021
In March 2019, party representatives chose 21-year-old Mackenzie Thomason, a candidate in New Maryland-Sunbury in the last election, as interim leader. A leadership convention was planned for August 2019 but was cancelled due to a lack of acceptable candidates. Prospects for renewal continued to be discouraging when it was announced, in a joint statement on September 3, that fourteen candidates who ran for the NDP in the 2018 provincial election were joining the Greens. Within days, however, five of those candidates denied they were leaving the NDP and said they believed they were supporting a merger of the two parties. Green Party leader David Coon apologized for failing to confirm the decision with each of the fourteen candidates before welcoming them into his party as a group. He also said here had been no formal discussion of a merger of the two parties. A news story later revealed that one of the candidates who led the move to leave the NDP had failed to qualify for the party leadership contest. In November, the party announced plans for a new leadership race, with the decision set for June 14, 2020. In April 2020, however, party president Cyprien Okana announced a decision to postpone the convention due to the emergency conditions created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thomason led the party in a snap provincial election held on September 14, 2020. There were 33 candidates, many of them youthful, but none were elected and the party's vote dropped below two per cent, the lowest since 1967. Thomason resigned as interim leader on November 15, 2020, and was quickly succeeded by party communications director Nathan Davis, who stepped down almost immediately, citing a change in circumstances following a family emergency. On December 12, the party chose a new interim leader, 25-year-old Chris Thompson of Fredericton. On September 14, 2021, Thomason returned to the leadership by acclamation.

In May 2022, ahead of two by-elections in which the NDP failed to nominate candidates, the CBC reported that Thomason had lost a non-binding confidence vote on the executive council. Several weeks later, on June 14, Thomason announced that due to internal dissension he was resigning the leadership, reluctantly, with effect from June 28. A longstanding party member from Saint John, Alex White, was subsequently named interim leader, with a party convention expected to choose a new leader in July. According to a newsletter released by the party in May 2023, plans were changed, with a convention scheduled for September 30, 2023. As only one candidate registered, interim leader Alex White was acclaimed leader on August 11.

Leaders

New Brunswick CCF
J. A. (Jim) Mugridge 1944 election
Joseph C. Arrowsmith 1948 election
Claude P. Milton 1952 election

New Brunswick NDP
Jack Currie, 1965–1968
post vacant, 1968–1970
J. Albert Richardson, 1970–1971
Pat Callaghan (The New Brunswick Waffle) 1971 (disputed)
J. Albert Richardson, 1971–1976
John LaBossiere, 1976–1980
George Little 1980–1988
Robert Hall (interim) 1988
Elizabeth Weir 1988–2005
Allison Brewer 2005–2006
Pat Hanratty (interim) 2006–2007
Roger Duguay 2007–2010
Jesse Travis (interim) 2010–2011
Dominic Cardy 2011–2017
Rosaire L'Italien (interim) 2017
Jennifer McKenzie 2017–2019
Mackenzie Thomason (interim) 2019–2020
Nathan Davis (interim) 2020
Chris Thompson (interim) 2020–2021
Mackenzie Thomason 2021-2022
Alex White (interim) 2022–2023
Alex White 2023–Present

Election results

NDP members of the NB Legislative Assembly
There are currently no New Democrats in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick.  In the past, three separate individuals have been elected as New Democrats and they are as follows:
Robert Hall, Tantramar; 1982 to his defeat in the 1987 election
Peter Trites, East Saint John; 1984 by-election until joining the Liberals in 1986
Elizabeth Weir, Saint John South (1991–1995), Saint John Harbour (1995–2005); 1991 to 2005

The NDP's predecessor, the CCF never won a seat in the New Brunswick legislature. In the 1920 general election nine United Farmers and two Farmer-Labour MLAs were elected.

See also
 List of New Brunswick political parties
 1988 New Brunswick New Democratic Party leadership election
 2005 New Brunswick New Democratic Party leadership election
 2007 New Brunswick New Democratic Party leadership election
 2011 New Brunswick New Democratic Party leadership election
 2017 New Brunswick New Democratic Party leadership election

References

External links
New Brunswick NDP

Political parties established in 1933

New Brunswick New Democratic Party


La Base navale d'Espiritu Santo (en anglais : Naval Advance Base Espiritu Santo ou Espiritu Santo Naval Base), le plus souvent simplement appelée Espiritu Santo, était une base navale avancée que les Seabees de l'US Navy ont construite pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour soutenir l'effort allié dans le Pacifique.

Description
La base navale d'Espiritu Santo était située sur l'île d'Espiritu Santo dans le Condominium des Nouvelles-Hébrides, aujourd'hui Vanuatu en mer de Corail dans le Pacifique Sud. La base a également soutenu l'United States Army et l'United States Army Air Corps, l'United States Coast Guard et l'United States Marine Corps. La base navale d'Espiritu Santo a été la première grande base avancée construite dans le Pacifique. À la fin de la guerre, il était devenu la deuxième plus grande base du Théâtre du Pacifique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Pour garder les navires tactiquement disponibles, il y avait une demande de bases avancées capables de réparer et de réapprovisionner la flotte à des emplacements avancés, plutôt que de ramener des navires aux États-Unis. Avant le 7 décembre, Pearl Harbor était la plus grande base avancée de la flotte américaine dans le Pacifique. Espiritu Santo est devenu capable de tous les aspects nécessaires pour soutenir les opérations de la flotte, de la logistique du transport en carburant, nourriture et munitions, au transport de l'embarquement pour les opérations de combat ou du retour à CONUS. Les installations de réparation des navires et les cales sèches étaient capables de s'occuper de la plupart des dommages et de l'entretien de routine. S'il n'avait pas existé, les navires auraient dû retourner à Pearl Harbor, Brisbane ou Sydney pour des réparations majeures et un réapprovisionnement. La base est donc devenue une destination primordiale pour la flotte.

Historique
Au début de la guerre, Espiritu Santo faisait partie d'une chaîne d'environ 80 îles sous le règne d'une colonie britannique et française des Nouvelles-Hébrides. L'administration était le Condominium des Nouvelles-Hébrides. Les troupes américaines ont d'abord établi une base en mai 1942 sur l'île voisine d'Éfaté, comme défense contre l'expansion de l'empire du Japon. En juillet 1942, le  envoya un détachement de Seabee le  qui se trouvait sur Efate à Espiritu Santo pour construire une piste de bombardiers pour attaquer les Japonais sur Guadalcanal. Le 4ème bataillon de défense maritime et le 24ème régiment d'infanterie, tous deux sur Efate, ont respectivement envoyé une batterie anti-aérienne et une compagnie d'infanterie pour aider les Seabees. Ensemble, travaillant 24 heures sur 24, ils ont construit l'aérodrome de Turtle Bay en 20 jours. En août, le 7ème bataillon de construction (7th CB) est arrivé pour construire une base. En 60 jours, ils avaient construit un deuxième champ et commencé à travailler sur deux autres. En octobre, le 15th CB est arrivé, tout comme le 40th CB.

Sur les bases étaient construits des logements pour le personnel, des jetées, des routes, des magasins, des centrales électriques, des usines d'eau et de grands dépôts de stockage de carburant, de munitions, de nourriture et d'autres fournitures consommables. Le carburant pour les navires, les avions et les véhicules était très demandé. La montée en puissance d'Espiritu Santo était à la fois une stratégie de défense et ensuite un point de départ pour l'offensive contre les Japonais. La base a soutenu l'action dans les îles Salomon et en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. La base a été très active dans la campagne des îles Salomon et la campagne de Nouvelle-Guinée. Il y avait toujours des craintes que les Nouvelles-Hébrides et Espiritu Santo soient envahies. Pour construire toutes les bases et l'aérodrome, des dizaines de milliers de tonnes d'équipement ont été expédiées à la base. À la fin de la guerre, 9 millions de tonnes d'équipement y ont été expédiées et plus de 500.000 hommes et femmes ont passé par Espiritu Santo.

Aérodromes

Les Seabees de la marine américaine ont construit quatre aérodromes près de la base navale, trois pour soutenir les bombardiers de l'armée de l'air américaine, un pour soutenir les avions de chasse. La Royal New Zealand Air Force et le US Marine Corps ont également opéré sur l'aérodrome.

 (Bomber Field #1),
Bomber Field #2 qui est devenu l'Aéroport de Santo-Pekoa après la guerre,
 (Bomber Field #3),
 (Fighter Field # 1), servait aux avions de chasse, construits par le 1er bataillon de construction

La base soutenait également la base américaine de Nouvelle-Calédonie, à 300 miles (480 km) au sud-ouest, et la base d'entraînement des Fidji, à 600 miles (970 km) à l'est.

Cale sèche flottante auxiliaire
Des Auxiliary floating drydock (forme de radoub) ont été utilisées pour réparer les navires. Trois grandes cales sèches flottantes étaient stationnées à la base.

 ,amarré dans le , au large de l'île d'Aese. Il s'agissait de la plus grande cale sèche flottante jamais construite, capable de soulever 90.000 tonnes hors de l'eau pour des réparations.
USS AFD-14 a servi  à Espiritu Santo. Il s'agissait d'une petite cale sèche flottante auxiliaire.
, construit par Mare Island Naval Shipyard à Vallejo, Californie. Assemblé à la base puis remorqué jusqu'au port Seeadler des îles de l'Amirauté.
, construit par Mare Island Naval Shipyard (NSY). Assemblé à la base puis remorqué jusqu'au Seeadler Harbor des îles de l'Amirauté. Attaqué par voie aérienne le 27 avril 1945. Partiellement coulé en 1989 comme récif.

Naufrage du SS President Coolidge
SS President Coolidge

Après-guerre
En 1948, l'auteur James A. Michener a écrit une séquence de nouvelles fictives intitulée . Les histoires sont devenues la base de la comédie musicale de Rodgers et Hammerstein, South Pacific. Comme de nombreuses troupes séjournaient ou passaient par la base, l'île est devenue un lieu touristique, y compris un site de plongée sous-marine populaire. La base navale fait désormais partie de la ville de Luganville.

Musée du Pacifique Sud sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Il existe un projet de construction d'un musée du Pacifique Sud sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale (South Pacific World War II Museum) à Espiritu Santo, dans la ville de Luganville. Le 26 octobre 2017, le bureau de développement du projet de musée du musée du Pacifique Sud sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale a ouvert ses portes. Quelques cabanes Quonset et d'autres vestiges peuvent encore être trouvés sur l'île.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens internes
 Liste des navires auxiliaires de l'United States Navy
 Théâtre du Pacifique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
 Base navale de Saipan

Liens externes
Video Espiritu Santo Navy Base Hospital No. 3 #1
Video Espiritu Santo Navy Base Hospital No. 3 #2
Video Espiritu Santo Navy Base Hospital No. 3 #3
Video Espiritu Santo Navy Base Hospital
Video, August 15, 1944 the mighty battleship Idaho arrived at Espiritu Santo
Youtube, BATTLESHIP USS IDAHO REPAIRED AT ESPIRITU SANTO in 1944 in USS Artisan (ABSD-1)1

Base navale de l'océan Pacifique
Base de l'United States Navy
Base des Forces armées des États-Unis à l'étranger
Installation militaire fermée de l'United States Navy
Île au Vanuatu

Base navale d'Espiritu Santo


Les Coupeurs de bois (Nhung nguoi tho xe) est un film vietnamien réalisé par Vuong Duc, sorti en 1999.

Synopsis
Buong ouvre un restaurant dont la spécialité est le chien rôti. Mais les villageois découvrent qu'il vole leurs chiens et les tue et décident de brûler le restaurant. Buong décide alors de devenir bûcheron et embarque avec lui d'autres membres de sa famille.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Les Coupeurs de bois
 Titre original : Nhung nguoi tho xe
 Réalisation : Vuong Duc
 Scénario : Huy Thiep Nguyen et Trang Son
 Musique : Hong Quan Do
 Photographie : Quoc Tuan Vu
 Montage : Quoc Tuan Vu
 Production : Thuong Dich Tran
 Société de production : Vietnam Feature Film Studio
 Pays :
 Genre : Drame
 Durée : 85 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :

Distribution
 Thu Hà
 Long Le Vu
 Bich Ngoc
 Tri Quoc
 Trung Quoc
 Tam Thanh
 Dinh Than Vu

Accueil
Jean-Michel Frodon pour Le Monde évoque « un choix très sûr dans la composition de ses plans ». Gérard Lefort pour Libération qualifie le film de « satire débraillée du postcommunisme ».

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film vietnamien sorti en 1999
Film dramatique vietnamien

Les Coupeurs de bois


Gara Ruja a fost o stație de cale ferată de pe linia Agnita, în Agnita, județul Sibiu, România. Gara a fost deschisă în 1910 și închisă în 2001.

Note

Ruja
Fondări în 1910

Gara Ruja


Ryōko Kizaki (jap. , Kizaki Ryōko; * 21. Juni 1985 in Yosano, Präfektur Kyōto) ist eine japanische Langstreckenläuferin.

Leben
2005 wurde sie Dritte beim Matsue-Halbmarathon und gewann bei der Universiade Silber im Halbmarathon. Im Jahr darauf wurde sie Dritte beim Kyōto-Halbmarathon und Zweite bei den 10 km von San'yō. Bei den Straßenlauf-Weltmeisterschaften 2006 in Debrecen belegte sie den 19. Platz und holte mit der japanischen Mannschaft Bronze. 2007 siegte sie beim Kyōto-Halbmarathon und errang bei der Universiade eine Silbermedaille über 10.000 m. Einem dritten Platz beim Kyōto-Halbmarathon 2008 folgten 2009 ein siebter Platz bei der japanischen Firmenmeisterschaft im Halbmarathon, ein vierter beim Sapporo-Halbmarathon und Rang 13 bei den Halbmarathon-Weltmeisterschaften in Birmingham.

2010 wurde sie bei ihrem Debüt über die 42,195-km-Distanz Sechste beim Osaka Women's Marathon. Bei den Halbmarathon-WM in Nanning wurde sie Zehnte und gewann mit der japanischen Mannschaft Bronze. 2011 gelang ihr nach einem fünften Platz in Osaka im Herbst ein Sieg beim Yokohama-Marathon. Im März 2012 wurde sie daraufhin für die Olympischen Spiele in London nominiert.

Ryōko Kizaki studierte an der Bukkyō-Universität und startet seit 2008 für das Firmenteam von Daihatsu.

Persönliche Bestzeiten

 5000 m: 15:35,12 min, 29. April 2009, Hiroshima
 10.000 m: 31:38,71 min, 17. Juli 2010, Abashiri
 10-km-Straßenlauf: 32:33 min, 23. Dezember 2006, Okayama
 Halbmarathon: 1:10:16 h, 15. März 2009, Yamaguchi
 Marathon: 2:23:34 h, 10. März 2013, Nagoya

Weblinks

 Athletenporträt bei der JAAF
 Athletenporträt auf der Website von Daihatsu

Fußnoten

Olympiateilnehmer (Japan)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
5000-Meter-Läufer (Japan)
10.000-Meter-Läufer (Japan)
10-km-Straßenläufer (Japan)
Marathonläufer (Japan)
Teilnehmer an den Asienspielen (Japan)
Japaner
Geboren 1985
Frau
Teilnehmer der Sommer-Universiade 2005
Teilnehmer der Sommer-Universiade 2007
Universiadeteilnehmer (Japan)

Ryōko Kizaki


Die Federació Andorrana d'Esports de Gel (FAEG) (Andorranischer Eissportverband) ist der nationale Eishockeyverband Andorras.

Geschichte
Der Verband wurde am 18. März 1992 gegründet und wurde am 4. Mai 1995 in die Internationale Eishockey-Föderation aufgenommen. Der Verband gehört zu den assoziierten Mitgliedern der IIHF. Aktuelle Präsidentin ist Mònica López.

Der Verband befasst sich vor allem um den Eishockey-Spielbetrieb auf nationaler Ebene. Unter anderem veranstaltete er den Development Cup 2017, bei dem erstmals die Andorranische Eishockeynationalmannschaft Spiele absolvierte. Zudem organisiert der Verband die nationalen Curlingaktivitäten.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website (katalanisch)
 Andorra auf der Webseite der IIHF (englisch)

Andorra
Eishockey (Andorra)
Curlingverband
Gegründet 1992
Nationaler Sportverband
Sportverband (Andorra)
Curling (Andorra)

Federació Andorrana d’Esports de Gel


Pauline Heinz née le  mai 2001 en Allemagne, est une joueuse de hockey sur gazon allemande. Elle évolue au poste de défenseure au Rüsselsheimer RK et avec l'équipe nationale allemande.

Elle a participé aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020.

Carrière

Jeux olympiques
 Top 8 : 2020

Références

Liens externes

Joueuse allemande de hockey sur gazon
Naissance en mai 2001
Joueuse de hockey sur gazon aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020

Pauline Heinz


Carlos Alberto Reutemann (Santa Fe, Argentina, 12. travnja 1942. − Santa Fe, Argentina, 7. srpnja 2021.), često zvan "Lole", bio je argentinski vozač automobilističkih utrka.

U Formuli 1 nastupao je od 1972. do 1982. te ostvario 12 pobjeda, 46 postolja i 6 najboljih startnih položaja. 1981. bio je doprvak sa samo jednim bodom zaostatka za prvakom Nelsonom Piquetom. Oprostio se od Formule 1 nakon VN Brazila 1982., zbog Falklandskog rata koji se tada odvijao između Argentine i Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva. Mnogi su sumnjali da je ovo pravi razlog odlaska Reutemanna iz Formule 1. Natjecao se i u Rellyju te na utrci 24 sata Le Mansa.

Nakon Formule 1 otišao je u politiku. Dva puta je bio Guverner Santa Fea, a bio je i kandidat za argentinskog predsjednika 2003.

Karijera u Formuli 1
1972. Brabham, 3 boda, 16. mjesto

1973. Brabham, 16 bodova, 7. mjesto

1974. Brabham, 32 boda, 6. mjesto

1975. Brabham, 37 bodova, 3. mjesto

1976. Brabham, Ferrari, 3 boda, 16. mjesto

1977. Ferrari, 42 boda, 4. mjesto

1978. Ferrari, 48 boda, 3. mjesto

1979. Lotus, 20 (25) bodova, 6. mjesto

1980. Williams, 42 (49) boda, 3. mjesto

1981. Williams, 49 bodova, 2. mjesto

1982. Williams, 2 utrke, 6 bodova, 15. mjesto

Pobjede u Formuli 1

Vanjske poveznice
Carlos Reutemann na racing-reference.com
Carlos Reutemann F1 statistika na statsf1.com

Argentinski vozači Formule 1

Carlos Reutemann


كارلوس دياز أو الملقب ب كيم  لاعب كرة قدم برازيلي يلعب في النادي العربي القطري من عام 2008 وحتى الآن.

روابط إضافية
 Career stats at lfp.fr
 Official club profile
 Sambafoot

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في قطر
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برازيليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة القدم البرازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من ميناس جيرايس
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من جويز دي فورا
لاعبو الدوري البرازيلي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو النادي الأهلي (السعودية)
لاعبو النادي العربي (قطر)
لاعبو أتليتيكو مينيرو
لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو دوري نجوم قطر
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في قطر
لاعبو نادي جوينفيل
لاعبو نادي فاسكو دا غاما
لاعبو نادي ناوتيكو
لاعبو نانسي
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1400 هـ
مواليد 1980

كيم (لاعب كرة قدم)


Setharja (en ourdou : سیٹھارجہ) est une ville pakistanaise située dans le district de Khairpur, dans le nord de la province du Sind. C'est la dixième plus grande ville du district. Elle est située à près de soixante kilomètres au sud-est de Larkana et à quelques kilomètres au sud de Ranipur.

La ville dispose d'une gare, sur la ligne de chemin de fer reliant Hyderabad à Rohri.

La population de la ville a été multipliée par presque deux entre 1981 et 2017, passant de  habitants à . Entre 1998 et 2017, la croissance annuelle moyenne s'affiche à 0,5 %, nettement inférieure à la moyenne nationale de 2,4 %.

Références

Articles connexes
 Liste de villes du Pakistan

Ville dans la province du Sind

Setharja


Pierre od Polignaca, punim imenom Pierre Marie Xavier Raphaël Antoine Melchior de Polignac (Morbihan, Francuska, 24. listopada 1895. – Pariz, Francuska, 10. studenog 1964.), franucski grof iz aristokratske obitelji Polignac, koji se oženio s monegaškom prijestolonasljednicom Charlottom od Monaka, nakon čega je preuzeo njeno prezime Grimaldi i dobio naslov vojvode od Valentinoisa. Nakon smrti njegova punca, kneza Luja II. od Monaka, vlast nad kneževinom pripala je Pierrovom sinu Rainieru, koji je također nastavio koristiti prezime Grimaldi.

Životopis

Rodio se kao četvrti i ujedno posljednji sin grofa Maxencea de Polignac (1857. – 1936.) i njegove supruge, meksičke plemkinje, Susane de la Torre y Mier (1858. – 1913.). Dana 19. ožujka 1920. godine, oženio se u Monaku s nezakonitom, ali naknadno usvojenom kćerkom monegaškog kneza Luja II. († 1949.), Charlottom od Monaka (1898. – 1977.), prilikom čega je preuzeo grb monegaške obitelji i promijenio svoje prezime u Grimaldi te mu je dodiljeljen naslov vojvode od Valentinoisa i naslov princa od Monaka. Brak nije bio sretan, zbog Pierrove homoseksualnosti i Charlottinih izvanbračnih afera, zbog čega su se naposljetku rastali 1930. godine. Imali su dvoje djece:
 princeza Antoinette, barunica od Massyja (1920. – 2011.)
 Rainier III., knez od Monaka (1923. – 2005.)

Vanjske poveznice

 Grof Pierre de Polignac - predak današnjih knezova Monaka - 1895. - povijest.hr

Francusko plemstvo
Grimaldi

Pierre od Polignaca


أدوبي ميديا بلاير  هو مشغل وسائط متعددة يعمل على سطح المكتب من أدوبي سيستمز. يمكن البرنامج المستخدمين من التعامل مع مقاطع الفيديو وإدارتها. كما يمكن أصحاب الأعمال من الإعلان من خلال البرنامج. البرنامج هو أحد تطبيقات أدوبى أير، تم إطلاقه في أبريل 2008.

انظر أيضاً

 أدوبى أير
 أدوبي كريتيف سويت
 أدوبي أكروبات
 أدوبي ديركتر
 ماكروميديا فريهاند
 أدوبي جو لايف
 أدوبي فوتوشوب لايت رووم
 أدوبي فلاش بلاير
 أدوبي شوك ويف
 كولدفيوشن
 أدوبي فلاش

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

برمجيات أدوبي
فيديو حسب الطلب
مشغلات وسائط

أدوبي ميديا بلاير


العويلية هي قرية تقع في الجبل الأخضر شرق ليبيا، تبعد حوالي 16 كم شرق مدينة المرج، وتمتاز بوجودها على الطريق السريع، وأبنيتها بنيت ابان فترة الاحتلال الإيطالي.

كان اسمها Umberto Maddalena ابان فترة الاحتلال الإيطالي.

ملاحظات

عويلية
عويلية

العويلية


Doğa Bekleriz (d. 28 Kasım 1976, İstanbul), Türk manken, oyuncu ve sunucu.

Biyografi
Bir dönem Gizem Özdilli ve Nigar Talibova ile birlikte kurdukları Adrenalin isimli müzik grubu ile şarkıcılık yapmış ve bu iki meslektaşıyla Ortaköy, İstanbul'da "Models" isimli bir kafe işletmiştir.

Mankenlik-modellik kariyerindeki ilk adımlarını 1996'da İnterstar ve 1998'de atv tarafından düzenlenmiş iki modellik yarışmasıyla atmıştır. Çelik Erişçi'nin bir video klibinde aldığı rolden sonra hızla üne kavuşmuştur. Kısa bir süre Çarkıfelek yarışmasında hosteslik yapmıştır. Ünlü markalar için mankenlik-modellik yapmaya, çeşitli dizilerde roller almıştır.

Manken, kulaklarını japon yapıştırıcısı kullanarak yapıştırdığı için uzun süre magazin gündeminden düşmedi ve bu olay ününün artmasını sağladı.

Filmografisi
 1998 - Aynalı Tahir (TV dizisi)
 2001 - 90-60-90 (TV dizisi)
 2002 - İki Arada (TV dizisi)
 2003 - Koçum Benim (TV dizisi)
 2005 - Kızma Birader (TV dizisi)
 2006 - Amerikalılar Karadeniz'de 2 (Sinema filmi)

Dış Bağlantılar

Kaynakça

Türk kadın modeller
Türk kadın dizi oyuncuları
Türk kadın sinema oyuncuları
Türk televizyon sunucuları
1976 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
21. yüzyıl kadın şarkıcıları

Doğa Bekleriz


Der Bahnhof Daun ist ein Trennungsbahnhof bei Daun, der sich im Herzen der Vulkaneifel in Rheinland-Pfalz befindet. Durch den Bahnhof führt die Eifelquerbahn. Bis 1989 zweigte südlich des Bahnhofs die Bahnstrecke Wengerohr–Daun ab, welche in einen Radweg umgewandelt wurde. Gegenwärtig ist der Bahnhof ohne Verkehr.

Geschichte
Der Bahnhof Daun wurde am 15. November 1895 als dritter Abschnitt der Bahnstrecke von Andernach nach Gerolstein über Kaisersesch eröffnet. Eine alternative allerdings verworfene Planung sah eine Anbindung über Kelberg und Ahrtalbahn nach Remagen vor.

In den 1960er Jahren wurde über eine Stilllegung der Eifelquerbahn diskutiert, wovon der Bahnhof betroffen war. Im Jahr 1975 wurde die Stückgutabfertigung geschlossen. Nachdem in den 1980er Jahren ein Stilllegungsgutachten gestellt worden war, fuhr am 11. Januar 1991 der letzte planmäßige Personenzug von Mayen nach Gerolstein über Daun.

Seit 1910 zweigte am Bahnhof die Bahnstrecke nach Wengerohr südlich des Bahnhofs ab. 1934 fuhren fünf Zugpaare täglich von Daun Richtung Wengerohr. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde der Verkehr auf zwei Zugpaare reduziert. 1981 wurde die Strecke stillgelegt.

Um die Jahrtausendwende wurde wieder über eine Reaktivierung der Eifelquerbahn diskutiert. Am 28. Mai 2000 wurde von der TransRegio der Verkehr auf dem Streckenabschnitt östlich von Daun wieder aufgenommen (Andernach–Mayen–Kaisersesch). Seit dem 14. Dezember 2008 wird dieser Teilabschnitt von der DB Regio befahren. Auf dem Reststück Kaisersesch-Daun-Gerolstein übernahm die Vulkaneifelbahn zum 1. August 2001 die Bedienung. Einige Jahre fuhren in den Sommermonaten an Wochenenden und Feiertagen in Rheinland-Pfalz Schienenbusse durch den Dauner Bahnhof. Die Fahrten dienten hauptsächlich dem Freizeit- und Tourismusverkehr, wurden jedoch zum Jahresende 2012 wieder aufgegeben. Die zwischenzeitlich wiederaufgenommene Bedienung des Bahnhofs Daun im Güterverkehr endete mit der Aufgabe des Betriebs der westlichen Eifelquerbahn durch die Vulkaneifelbahn ebenfalls 2012.

Auf der Zweigstrecke nach Wengerohr verläuft heute der Maare-Mosel-Radweg.

Das Land Rheinland-Pfalz sieht keine Möglichkeit, die erforderlichen Investitionen für eine Wiederaufnahme des Regelverkehrs in Höhe von 40 Mio. Euro zu tragen. Die ebenfalls hohe Summe von 24 Mio. Euro für einen touristischen Verkehr lässt auch diese Option unwahrscheinlich erscheinen und findet bei den örtlichen Landräten und Verbandsgemeindebürgermeistern keinen Rückhalt. Somit verbleibt als realistische Alternative zum Abriss der Gleise und Anlage eines Radwegs nur noch eine Draisinenstrecke. Die verbindliche Entscheidung zur Zukunft des Strecke und damit des Bahnhofs Daun steht derzeit aber noch aus.

Bahnanlagen und Bahnhofsgebäude

Der Bahnhof verfügte früher über zwei Bahnsteige, die man durch eine Unterführung erreichen konnte. Der wichtigere der beiden Bahnsteige diente der Eifelquerbahn und war überdacht. 1985 wurden einige Gleise und auch der nördliche (überdachte) Bahnsteig zurückgebaut. Wegen seiner Funktion als Abzweigbahnhof war der Bahnhof gemessen an seiner Lage außergewöhnlich groß. Seit vielen Jahren abgerissen ist der zweiständige Lokschuppen mit Drehscheibe am östlichen Rand des Bahnhofsgeländes. Das Empfangsgebäude mit Krüppelwalmdach gehört seit 1990 der Stadt Daun und dient heute als Jugendzentrum. Am westlichen Bahnhofskopf befanden sich zwei Gleisanschlüsse: ein Raiffeisen-Lagerhaus sowie eine Kohlensäurefabrik.

Umfeld
Da der Bahnhof Daun nicht für den Regelverkehr reaktiviert ist, ist er vor allem eine Haltestelle der RegioBuslinien 700 und 777, welche die Orte an der Eifelquerbahn zwischen Mayen und Gerolstein verbindet und von der DB Regio betrieben wird.

Der Bahnhof befindet sich am östlichen Stadtrand an einer der niedrigsten Stellen im Stadtgebiet. Unmittelbar hinter dem südlichen Ende des Bahnhofs befindet sich der Dauner Viadukt, der heute dem Maare-Mosel-Radweg als Talquerung dient. Außerdem liegt der Bahnhof an der B 257.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Kulturdenkmäler in Daun

Literatur
 Günter Werkmeister: Eifelbahnhof Daun – Ein Abzweigbahnhof als Anlagenthema, Eisenbahn-Journal, Heft 11/1984, S. 48ff. – mit Gleisplan Stand 1980

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Daun
Daun
Verkehrsbauwerk im Landkreis Vulkaneifel
Kulturdenkmal in Daun
Bauwerk in Daun

Bahnhof Daun


إقليم آن (بالفرنسية: Ain) هو إقليم فرنسي تابع لمنطقة رون ألب في فرنسا. يأخذ الإقليم إسمه من نهر آن. أعطت كل من المعهد الوطني للإحصاء والدراسات الاقتصادية ومؤسسة لا بوست كود الترقيم البريد الأول 01.

تسمية السكان
لا يوجد في إقليم آن تسمية رسمية لسكانه، بل أخذت من المناطق الزراعية الأربع القديمة التي كانت تكون الإقليم وهم:
 بريسان بالنسبة لمن يقطنون في منطقة براس.
 دومبيست  بالنسبة للقاطنين في منطقة دومب.
 بوجيست  بالنسبة لمن يقطنون في منطقة بوجيه.
 جيسيان بالنسبة للقاطنين في منطقة بايي دو جاكس.
يوجد أيضا عدة عبارات علمية تكنى بساكني هذا الإقليم، حيث نجد عبارة إيدانيان التي تصف الساكنين بالقرب من نهر آن وتأتي من كلمة إيدانوس التي لها نفس المعنى.

التاريخ

ما قبل التاريخ
الأثار الأولى التي تعود للإنسان في هذه المنطقة ترجع للعصر الحجري القديم الوسيط مع ألات موستيرية زراعية. تم أيضا اكتشاف ألات حجرية أقدم من الأثار البشرية لكن لم يتم تحديد عمرها بالضبط. في حدود 000 15 قبل الميلاد شهدت هذه المنطقة تزايد كبير في قدوم سكان جدد ويعود هذا بسبب ذوبان نهر الرون والمنطقة المحيطة به من الجليد. تكونت هذه الشعوب الجديدة القادمة أساسا من الصيادين، الذين تركوا كما هام من الألات المستخدمة أنذاك خاصة في كهف الكولومبيار.

فترة الغال والحملة الرومانية
في فترة بلاد الغال، تم اقتسام أراضي هذه المنطقة من قبل خمسة شعوب، السيكوانا، الأمباري، الهايدوي، سيغوسيافي، والألوبورج. لكن تحركات شعوب الهيلفاتي التي أجبرتها عليها الشعوب الجرمانية، أدت إلى تشنجات كبيرة بين كل الأطراف. وفي هذه الفترة بالذات قام يوليوس قيصر بحملته على بلاد الغال. وهنا تم تقسيم المنطقة بين السيكوانا الكبيرة، والليونيين.
من بقايا هذه الحقبة يمكن أن نجد كهف إزيرنور الروماني وقناة فيو المائية الرومانية.

العصور الوسطى
نهاية الإمبراطورية الرومانية في السنوات 450 بعد عصر الهجرات، أدى لأن تكون هذه المنطقة من نصيب البرغنديون ثم إلى إمبراطورية الفرنجة. في بداية القرن السادس، تم إنشاء أبرشية بيلي أر وهذا بسبب انتشار المسيحية في هذه الجهة.
جذرت فترة الإمبراطورية الكارولنجية أسسها في المنطقة بتقسيمها لعدة مساحات تسمى باجي ويحكمها كونتات (كونت نبيل) أصبحوا فيما بعد إقطاعيين كبار في أواخر القرن التاسع. في 843، توصلت معاهدة فيردان إلى تقسيم الإمبراطورية إلى ثلاث قطع يحكم كل واحدة منها أحد أبناء لويس الورع الثلاثة. رجعت آن إلى لوثر الأول، بينما ذهبي منطقة براس لشارل الأصلع.

دولة سافوا
في القرن الحادي عشر، تمركز كونتات (كونت) سافوا في جهات بيلي وفالروميه. وبدأوا شيئا فشيئا بالتوسع حتى بداية القرن الخامس عشر، وهنا قاموا بتوحيد شعوب بلاد آن. في سنة 1272، عادت إليهم منطقة براس بعد دفع مهر من قبل دوق بورغوني، هذا التوسع لم يرق لحكام دوفيني الذين أرادوا الحصول على نفس هذه المناطق، وفي بداية القرن الرابع عشر، إندلعت الحرب بين السافوا ودوفيني. انتهت هذه الهرب مع معاهدة الباريس في 1355.
قصر بون دان هو من أحد القصور المفضلة لأمراء الجهة آن ولدت لويز من سافوا أم ملك فرنسا فرانسوا الأول في 1476.

من الإنضمام إلى فرنسا إلى الثورة
الحرب التي اندلعت بين هنري الرابع وكارلو إمانويلي الأول وضعت حدا لاتفاقية ليون، التي فاوض فيها رونيه دو لوسانج. في هذا الوقت تنازلت فرنسا عن ماركيز سالوتزو وفي المقابل أخذت مقاطعات السافوا على الضفة اليمنى للرون، الذي كانوا ينتمون لمقاطعة البورغونيي. فقط وادي فالسيرين بقي مرتبطا بدوقية السافوا. باعتبارها خارج الإمبراطورية، أعلنت منطقة دومب ولائها لملك فرنسا سنة 1762.
تم تأسيس إقليم آن سنة 1790 حسب حدود موجودة منذ العصور الوسطى، أنذاك كانت مقسمة إلى 9 مناطق، 49 كانتون، 501 بلدية أبرشية.

الثورة وإنشاء إقليم
إقليم آن، كان أحد الأقاليم 83 التي نشأت عقب الثورة الفرنسية، وتطبيقا للقانون المؤرخ في 22 ديسمبر 1789، نشأ الإقليم بعد اندماج أربعة مناطق: براس، بوجيه، دومب، بايي دو جاكس وجزء من المقاطعة القديمة فران ليونيه.
دومب، بوجيه، بايي دو جاكس كانوا يدارون حسب أعراف البورغونيي، منذ انفصالهم عن دوقية السافوا لصالح فرنسا سنة 1601.
من 1791 إلى 1793، المناطق التسعة (بون دو فو، بورغ، نانتوا، بيلي، سان رومبار، مونلويال، تريفو، شاتيون ليه دومب) تزود ب12 كتيبة من المتطوعين الوطنيين.
لو بايي دو جاكس انفصلت بين 1798 إلى 1814 لانضمامها لإقليم ليمان.

من القرن التاسع عشر إلى اليوم
بعد فوز الحلفاء في معركة واترلو (18 يونيو 1815)، تم تقسيم الإقليم من قبل جيش الإمبراطورية النمساوية من يونيو 1815 إلى نوفمبر 1818.
بعد إنقلاب 2 ديسمبر 1851 من قبل نابليون الثالث، أصبحت آن في وضع الحصار للتعامل مع احتجاجات كبيرة، ورفع عنها بعد أن تم إلقاء القبض على بضع مئات من المحتجين.
6 بلديات تقع في الجنوب الغربي لإقليم آن، بالقرب من ضواحي مدينة ليون، إنضمت لإقليم الرون سنة 1967 وذلك بعد انضمامهم مجموعة ليون الحضرية.

السياسة
بالنسبة للولاية البرلمانية من 2012 إلى 2017، فلدى آنخمسة نواب في الجمعية الوطنية الفرنسية منتخبين عن الدوائر الخمس الانتخابية المكونية لهذا الإقليم، كل هؤلاء النواب من اليمين وعن حزب الاتحاد من أجل حركة شعبية.
وبالنسبة للولاية البرلمانية من 2008 إلى 2014، فلدى آن ثلاثة نواب في مجلس الشيوخ الفرنسي، اثنان منهم من اليسار وعن الحزب الاشتراكي والأخر من اليمين وعن حزب الاتحاد من أجل حركة شعبية.
محافظ هذا الإقليم منذ 2013 هو لورون توفيه من الحزب الاشتراكي.

الجغرافيا
تعرف آن بازدواجية تضاريسها. يقطعها من الشمال إلى الجنوب نهر آن. وهنا يمكننا القول أن الجهة الغربية تكثر فيها السهول (براس، سهول آن، فال دو ساون) أو هضاب منخفضة (دومب)، باستثناء روفارمون التي منها تبدأ أولى جبال جورا، تناقضا مع الجهة الشرقية (بايي دو جاكس، بوجيه) التي تتكون من الوديان والجبال من النوع الجوراسي. كريه دو لا ناج هي أعلى نقطة في سلسلة جبال جورا (720 1 متر).

المناخ
الطقس في آن يعتبر عادة معتدل. الشتاء بارد جدا في أعالي بوجيه وبايي دو جاكس، بينما يبقى معتدلا في بقية الإقليم. فصول الصيف تكون فيها الحرارة مرتفعة جد. تكثر الرياح الشمالية في سهول آن. يوافق الطقس ويتناغم مع عادات وتقاليد هذه الجهة.
حالات طقس غير اعتيادية:
 1709: سنة الشتاء العظيم.
 1740: شتاء قارص.
 1748: حصاد فقير.
 1750: حصاد وفير جدا.
 1753: عواصف عنيفة جدا.
 1766: شتاء قارس.
 1768: حصاد وفير بالرغم من فترة تساقط الأمطار الطويلة.
 1769-1770: أشهر طويلية من تساقت الأمطار.
 1787: حصاد وفير للنبيذ.
 1788: حصاد سيئ للغاية، وفاة عدد كبير من الأسماك في الأحواض.
 1802: التجلد الكبير.

الاقتصاد

الزراعة
تعتبر آن منطقة ريفية، ومن أهم المنتجات يوجد:
 التربية: دواجن براس.
 الجبن: بلو دو جاكس، براس بلو، رامكان، كونتيه، كلون.
 الكرم والعنب: كروم بوجيه، مانيكل، سيدون.

محاصيل الحبوب مهمة أيضا في دومب وبراس.

الصناعة

نجد في آن أساسا الصناعات الخفيفة، مثل صناعة البلاستيك في أويونا، وصناعات السيارات. المنتزه الصناعي لسهول آن الموجود منذ الثمانينات والموجود في سان-فولباس وبلييس على مساحة 300 هكتار، يمثل حوض تشغيل في نمو متواصل.
محطة بوجيه النووية ذات الأربع مفاعلات نووية تقع في سان-فولباس على 19 كم من أمبيريو-أون-بوغي.

نشاطات أخرى
بورغ-أون-بريس: عاصمة الإقليم، ومقر محافظته، هي المدينة الإدارية له أيضا، يقع فيه جامعة مركز بورغ للدراسات الجامعية وآن وهي تابعة لجامعة ليون.

السكان

لا يوجد في إقليم آن مدن كبيرة، حيث تعتبر مدينتي بورغ-أون-بريس وأويونا متوسطة الحجم. بعد الانخفاض الملحوظ أثناء فترة الهجرة من الريف في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، والزيادة الكبيرة مع الحرب العالمية الأولى، بدأ عدد السكان في الإقليم بالتزايد شيئا فشيئا منذ الحرب العالمية الثانية. لقربه من مدينة ليون الذي تصل ضواحيها الجنوب الغربي للإقليم، وكذلك لقربه من مدينة جنيف التي تقع بالقرب من بايي دو جاكس، عرف الإقليم تضخما في عدد سكانه، حيث عبر من 262 339 ساكن سنة 1968 270 515 سنة 1999 و335 581 سنة 2008 وفي سنة 2011 بلغ عدد السكان 827 603 ساكن.
منذ عدة سنوات أيضا عرف غرب الإقليم تحسنا ديموغرافيا بفضل القرب من مدينة ماكون (35 ألف ساكن).

الثقافة
مجل آن العام هو المسؤول عن المتاحف الموجودة في الجهة.
يوجد في الإقليم عدة متاحف ومنها المتحف الإقليمي لتاريخ المقاومة والترحيل في آن وأعالي الجورا، وكذلك متاحف إقليمية في براس وبوجيه وريفارمون. يوجد متحف أمبيريو أون بوغي لعمال السكك الحديدية، ومتحف النبات المائي، والمتحف البلدي لبورغ أون براس، وكذلك حديقة الطيور، وهي المكان السياحي الوحيد في الجهة والذي يستقبل سنويا أكثر من 100 ألف سائح.
يوجد في الإقليم أكثر من 250 مكتبة.
إحدى مدن آن كانت مسرحا لأحداث كتاب رفاق جيهو لكاتبه الفرنسي ألكسندر دوما. أمضى فولتير عطلته سنة 1759 في قصر فيرني فولتير.
ينظم أيضا في الإقليم عدة مهرجانات إقليمية وجهوية مختلفة.
تم تمثيل عشرات الأفلام الفرنسية والمسلسلات في الإقليم.

السياحة

يقدم القطاع السياحي في الإقليم 000 10 عمل مباشر و 000 10 عمل غير مباشر.
تحتوي آن على أكثر من 40 مكتب سياهي تابع للدولة منتشر على كامل الإقليم.

تتنوع ترق إقامة السياح في الإقليم فحسب معطيات سنة 2007 نجد:

وكذلك عدد الليالي المقضاة في الإقليم:

يوجد العديد من المتاحف والمغارات والمباني الدينية القديمة والأرضي الطبيعية والأثار التي تجلب السياح في هذا الإقليم.

مقالات ذات صلة
 نهر آن (فرانش كومته)
 أقاليم فرنسا
 قائمة بلديات محافظة أين الفرنسية

روابط خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي لمجلس أين العام

مراجع

أقاليم أوفيرني-رون ألب
إقليم أين
تأسيسات سنة 1790 في فرنسا
دول وأقاليم أسست في 1790
رون ألب

آن (إقليم فرنسي)


Joseph Peyton Wyatt Jr. (* 12. Oktober 1941 in Victoria, Texas; † 4. April 2022) war  ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1979 und 1981 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Texas im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Joseph Wyatt besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen seiner Heimat und danach bis 1964 das Victoria College. Anschließend studierte er bis 1968 an der University of Texas. Daran schloss sich bis 1970 ein Jurastudium an der University of Houston an. In den Jahren 1966 bis 1970 war Wyatt Mitglied der Reserve des United States Marine Corps. Er arbeitete auch im Stab des Staatssenators und späteren Kongressabgeordneten William Neff Patman sowie des Abgeordneten Clark W. Thompson. Darüber hinaus war er für Präsident Lyndon B. Johnson tätig. Später fungierte er als Revisor der Alkoholkommission des Staates Texas. Zeitweise arbeitete er auch bei einer privaten Firma. Gleichzeitig begann er als Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei eine politische Laufbahn. Von 1971 bis 1979 war er Abgeordneter im Repräsentantenhaus von Texas. Zwischen 1968 und 1978 nahm er als Delegierter an den regionalen Parteitagen der Demokraten in Texas teil; im August 1964 war er Delegierter zur Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, auf der Präsident Johnson zur Wiederwahl nominiert wurde.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1978 wurde Wyatt im 14. Wahlbezirk von Texas in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 3. Januar 1979 die Nachfolge von John Andrew Young antrat. Da er im Jahr 1980 auf eine weitere Kandidatur verzichtete, konnte er bis zum 3. Januar 1981 nur eine Legislaturperioden im Kongress absolvieren. Nach dem Ende seiner Zeit im US-Repräsentantenhaus arbeitete Joseph Wyatt als Berater für besondere Projekte (Special Projects Consultant). Zuletzt lebte er in Victoria.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Texas
Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses von Texas
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1941
Gestorben 2022
Mann

Joseph P. Wyatt


On Emir () veya Dekalogos, Yahudiliğe göre Sina Dağı'nda Musa'ya vahyedilmiş ve YHVH'nin İsrailoğulları'na emrettiği on adet emiri içeren bir ilkeler dizisidir.  ve  olmak üzere Tanah'ın iki kitabında On Emir metni yer alır.

Modern Tarih bilimcileri On Emir'in, muhtemelen Hitit veya Mezopotamya yasalarının üzerine modellendiğini öne sürüyor.

Terminoloji
Kutsal İbranice'de Aseret HaDibrot () denilen On Emirler'e, ,  ve 'te apaçık atıfta bulunulur. Bu kavramlara göre On Emirler'e bazen 'On Kelime', 'On Söz' veya 'On Mesele' de denilebilir.

Emirler
Emirlerin İbraniceden birebir çevirisi:
Tanrın YHVH'den başka ilah(lar)ın olmayacak.
Kendine yukarıda, gökte; aşağıda, yerde; veya derinlerde, yeraltında yaşayan put(lar) yapmayacaksın. Onlara eğilmeyeceksin ve onlara ibadet etmeyeceksin.
Tanrın YHVH'nin ismini boş yere anmayacaksın. Çünkü YHVH onun adını boş yere ağza alan kişiyi cezasız bırakmayacaktır.
Haftanın altı günü üretecek ve dünyevi çalışmalarını gerçekleştireceksin. Haftanın son günü, yedinci gün mukaddes Şabat günündeyse bütün işlerini bırakacak ve Tanrın YHVH'e ibadet edeceksin. O gün Sebt'tir.
Annene ve babana hürmet edeceksin.
Öldürmeyeceksin.
Zina etmeyeceksin.
Çalmayacaksın.
Komşu(ları)na karşı yalan yere şahitlik yapmayacaksın.
Komşu(ları)nın, yakın(lar)ının mülklerine tamah etmeyeceksin.

Popüler kültürde yeri

Filmler
 The Ten Commandments (On Emir) (1956)
 'The Bible' (1966)
 Dekalog (10 Kısa Film, 1989-1990) (Krzysztof Kieślowski) Link
 'Moses' (TV, 1995) Ben Kingsley
 'The Prince of Egypt' (Anime, 1998) Fragman
 'The Ten Commandments' (Anime, 2007) Fragman
 'Göç Tanrılar Ve Krallar' (2014) Fragman

Galeri

Ayrıca bakınız
613 Mitsvot
Nuh'un Yedi Yasası
Hammurabi'nin Kanunları
Ur-Nammu'nun Kanunları

Kaynakça

Yahudiler ve Yahudilik
Yahudilik
Musa
Tesniye Kitabı
On Emir
Çıkış Kitabı
Belgesel hipotez
Hristiyanlık ve Yahudilik
Hristiyanlıkta etik

On Emir


An Koeleria riguorum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Elizabeth Edgar ngan Gibb. An Koeleria riguorum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Koeleria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Koeleria

Koeleria riguorum


Togliatti ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Eugenio Giuseppe Togliatti (1890–1977), italienischer Mathematiker und Hochschullehrer
 Palmiro Togliatti (1893–1964), italienischer Politiker (PCI)

Davon abgeleitete geographische Objekte:
 nach Palmiro Togliatti benannte Stadt in Russland, siehe Toljatti

Togliatti


Karacaörenyaylası, Eskişehir ilinin Sivrihisar ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı, 1914 yılı kayıtlarında Karacaviran olarak geçmektedir. Daha önceleri Paşakadın köyüne bağlı bir mahalle iken, 30 Mayıs 1951'de köy statüsü kazandı. 2012 yılındaki yasa değişikliğinden sonra yeniden mahalle oldu.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Sivrihisar'ın mahalleleri

Karacaörenyaylası, Sivrihisar