John Steuart Curry (November 14, 1897 – August 29, 1946) was an American painter whose career spanned the years from 1924 until his death. He was noted for his paintings depicting rural life in his home state, Kansas. Along with Thomas Hart Benton and Grant Wood, he was hailed as one of the three great painters of American Regionalism of the first half of the twentieth century. Curry's artistic production was varied, including paintings, book illustrations, prints, and posters.

Curry was Kansas's best-known painter, but his works were not popular with Kansans, who felt that he did not portray the state positively. Curry's paintings often depicted farm life and animals, tornadoes, prairie fires, and the violent Bleeding Kansas period (featuring abolitionist John Brown, who at the time was derided as a fanatical traitor) – subjects that Kansans did not want to be representative of the state. Curry was commissioned to create murals for the Kansas State Capitol, and he completed two: Kansas Pastoral, and his most famous and controversial work, Tragic Prelude, which he considered his greatest. Reaction was so negative that the Kansas Legislature passed a measure to keep them, or future works of his, from being hung on the capitol walls. As a result, Curry did not sign the works, which were not hung during his lifetime. He left Topeka in disgust; his planned eight smaller murals for the Capitol rotunda on the first floor never went beyond sketches, now held by the Kansas Museum of History.

Curry's works were painted with movement, which was conveyed by the free brush work and energized forms that characterized his style. His control over brushstrokes created excited emotions such as fear and despair in his paintings. His fellow Regionalists, who also painted action and movement, influenced Curry's style.

Biography
Curry was born on a farm in Dunavant, Kansas, November 14, 1897; the house has been moved to Oskaloosa and there are plans to make a museum of it. He was the eldest of five children to parents Thomas Smith Curry and Margaret Steuart Curry. Despite living on a Midwestern farm, both of Curry's parents were college educated and had even visited Europe for their honeymoon. Curry's early life consisted of caring for the animals on the farm, attending the nearby high school and excelling in athletics. His childhood home was filled with many reproductions of Peter Paul Rubens and Gustave Doré, and these artists' styles played a significant role in crafting Curry's own style.

His family was very religious, as were most people in Dunavant. Curry was encouraged to paint animals around the farm, and at the age of twelve he had his first art lesson. In 1916 he entered the Kansas City Art Institute, but after only a month there he transferred to the Art Institute of Chicago, where he stayed for two years. In 1918 he attended Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. After he graduated, Curry worked as an illustrator from 1921 to 1926. He worked for several magazines, including Boys' Life, St. Nicholas Magazine, The Country Gentleman, and The Saturday Evening Post.

In 1926, Curry spent a year in Paris studying the works of Gustave Courbet and Honoré Daumier, as well as the color techniques of Titian and Rubens. After his return to the United States he settled in New York City and married Clara Derrick; shortly thereafter, they moved to an artists' colony in Westport, Connecticut. Clara died in June 1932 and for the next two years Curry devoted his time to working in his studio. He traveled briefly with the Ringling Brothers Circus and during his time with them created his painting The Flying Cadonas. He remarried in 1934 to Kathleen Gould.

In 1936, Curry was appointed as the first artist-in-residence at the College of Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin, which built him a small studio. He had no classes to teach nor any specific duties; he was free to travel throughout the state and promote art in farming communities by providing personal instruction to students. As seen later, the experience turned Curry into a conservationist, especially concerned with Kansas's man-made ecological disaster, the plowing that produced horrible erosion in Kansas, along with Dust Bowl storms.

The same year he was commissioned to paint a mural for the Department of Justice Building and Main Interior Building in Washington. In 1937 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Member, and became a full Academician in 1943. This was followed with what might have been the crown of his career, a commission to paint murals on Kansas topics for the Kansas State Capitol at Topeka, on which abortive project see below.

Curry continued to work at the University of Wisconsin until he died of a heart attack in Madison in 1946, at the age of 48.

Curry and regionalistic art
Curry was one of the three great painters of American regionalistic art; the others were Thomas Hart Benton and Grant Wood. All three were from the Midwest, west of the Mississippi: Wood from Iowa, Benton from Missouri, and Curry from Kansas. Their art presents a nostalgic look at rural life in the American heartland. Regionalism was essentially a revolt against at least one major evil of the industrial revolution: centralization.

Centralization of manufacturing permitted mass production, with efficient factories and assembly-line production. This reduced the cost of manufactured goods, but at the expense of regional or local variety and initiative. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression demonstrated the limitations and failures of capitalism. Rugged depictions of regional, independent life in wide-open spaces provided an alternative. As put by Meyer Schapiro, "Regionalism obscured the crucial forces of history, as defined by Marx, and provided entertaining distractions from the realities facing oppressed people."

In contrast with Wood, who lived in Iowa, and Benton in Missouri, Curry did not live in Kansas as an adult. As seen by Curry, nostalgia for rural Kansan life ignored its shortcomings: tornados, prairie fires, dust storms, plagues of insects, and life-threatening floods. The depiction of the same in his paintings had as consequence the reservations some Kansans felt about seeing him, without qualification, as Kansas's great painter. In fact, as he well knew, his works did not sell in Kansas.

The University of Wisconsin hired him in 1936 as artist-in-residence, something no Kansas university would do. At Wisconsin, based in the College of Agriculture, Curry became a conservationist. What some Kansans found particularly offensive was his stated plan to portray the tragedy of soil erosion in one of his planned murals for the Kansas Capitol, providing a "significant warning" to Kansas farmers that they had brought on an ecological disaster. He was surprised when these plans met with local resentment.

Curry and Wisconsin

Curry was thought of in his day as the great Kansas painter, and it was no secret that he wanted to paint murals for Kansas; he confirmed this to a reporter. However, his relationship with Kansas was complicated. He lived in Connecticut and declined repeated suggestions that he move back to his home state; instead, he moved to Wisconsin when its University offered him in 1936 what no Kansas institution would: a position as artist-in-residence. He remained there until his death in 1946. While at Wisconsin he completed in 1942 a  by  mural on the Emancipation Proclamation, titled Freeing of the Slaves. It was originally intended, in 1936, for the new U.S. Department of Justice Building, but sketches were rejected by federal officials, who told Curry that they feared that "serious difficulties...might arise as a result of the racial implications of the subject matter." Curry painted two other murals in that building, Movement of the Population Westward and Law versus Mob Rule. However, the design caught the attention of Wisconsin Law School dean Lloyd K. Garrison, great-grandson of the famous abolitionist Wm. Lloyd Garrison, who had it installed in the Reading Room of the new Law School library.

Curry and Kansas
In his many Kansas-themed works, he wanted to present a "personal view" of Kansas history. "I want to picture what I feel about my native state." In preparation for the crowning project of his career, the Kansas Capitol murals, he spent several days in the Kansas Historical Society and the Topeka Public Library studying Kansas history. As he put it, he wanted to "wreak good" upon Kansas.

Curry painted Kansas as he saw it, warts and all. His planned pieces for the first-floor rotunda of the Kansas Capitol, which never got beyond preliminary sketches, included one on conservation and erosion. Curry expressed the view of the professors in the College of Agriculture, that Kansas farmers' poor soil management caused the erosion and dust storms of 1930s Kansas.

This displeased many Kansans, who did not want soil erosion, or the alleged errors of Kansas farmers, in their Capitol. Furthermore, John Brown was a convicted traitor, and in the opinion of many, a kook. The opposition grew so bitter that Curry abandoned his great Kansas Capitol project in disgust. He refused to sign the two works completed or allow them to be hung, as he said they were intended to be seen as part of a group. They were hung in the Capitol after his death.

Baptism in Kansas

In August 1928, Curry painted Baptism in Kansas, which was exhibited at the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D.C., and met with almost instant success. The painting was praised in the New York Times and earned Curry the attention of Mrs. Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney. In 1931 Mrs. Vanderbilt Whitney purchased the painting for the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City, thus establishing him as a major artist.

Baptism in Kansas reflected the religious sects that held open-air baptisms. These popular religious groups were part of the scene of rural life that Curry saw in Kansas. He presents the scene with reverence.

No well-known Baptismal representations by old world masters employ the unique compositional layout that Curry favors. Curry's painting was a shock to Easterners who would have never associated a baptism with full immersion or with a barnyard setting, but Curry painted what he was familiar with, as Lawrence Shmeckebrier said he "saw this scene as conceived and executed with sincere reverence and understanding of one who had lived it." Curry's religious painting is therefore an observance rather than a satire on religious fundamentalism.

Tornado over Kansas

Under Mrs. Whitney's patronage Curry painted Tornado over Kansas, which depicts a farmer facing an approaching tornado while he and his wife help the family and animals into the tornado shelter. The painting was unveiled in 1929 just before the Wall Street Crash in October and provided those in the city with the romance of man versus nature themes. Typical of Curry's work of the 1930s, he depicted scenes of labor, family, and land, in order to demonstrate peace, struggle, and perseverance that he had come to believe was the essence of American life, the spirit of Kansas.

Kansas Pastoral
Kansas Pastoral is the first of two murals completed for the Kansas Capitol. It presents a fictional agrarian utopia. The farmer is at leisure; the farm, its crops, and its animals are marvels of order, and seem to run themselves. The manual labor of the farm woman is no longer needed, and she can devote herself to the home.

Tragic Prelude

Tragic Prelude presents a visual history of Kansas: the first Europeans, Juan de Padilla and Coronado, followed by a plainsman hunting buffalos, and finally the Bleeding Kansas period of 1854–1861. During this period, when Kansas was the focus of national attention like no time before or since, "old" John Brown, believing he was doing the Lord's work, and well-armed, led anti-slavery settlers in resisting, with violence if unfortunately necessary, the attempts to make Kansas a slave state. Kansas' status was not resolved until the beginning of the Civil War, when six slave states had seceded, and it could come into the Union as a free state.

Brown's role during the Bleeding Kansas period—he was also an Underground Railroad conductor—was not widely remembered outside of Kansas. However, his name was familiar to anyone who had had a course in American history, as he was widely believed to have helped cause the Civil War, and on purpose, with his raid on the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (since 1863, West Virginia). He was quickly convicted of treason against the state of Virginia, murder, and fomenting a slave insurrection, and hung. "John Brown's Body" was the marching song of Union soldiers.

Tragic Prelude puts Brown in front of the troops killing each other. In the background, approaching tornado and prairie fires suggest the calamity, the Civil War, that was fast approaching, and that Brown seemed to be calling for.

The painting produced a negative reaction in advance of its being hung. (It was not hung until after Curry's death.) John Brown, convicted of treason against the state of Virginia, was not someone most Kansans felt proud of, nor was the Bleeding Kansas period as a whole. Adding to public consternation was Curry's plan to portray ruinous soil erosion, in Kansas a very controversial and political topic, in another mural. The Legislature could not fire Curry since he was being paid out of funds newspaper editors raised from the public. However, they withdrew permission for Curry's works to be hung in the Capitol.

This was devastating to Curry. He left Kansas in disgust and refused to sign the two murals he did complete, saying that they could not be understood in isolation.

Political art
Curry's art, in general, was conservative in political content. He believed that art was for the common person. He did not believe in political propaganda, particularly the Marxist kind that Diego Rivera popularized in the 1930s. Curry avoided exploiting the controversial subjects in which Rivera became involved because he did not believe they added any artistic quality to his work. However, Curry did create a few political sketches or studies, but these were never expanded on for larger projects. Rather, he enjoyed observing public events and capturing them on paper.

Curry's few semi-political paintings evolved out of his personal experiences rather than created as a display of social commentary. The Return of Private Davis, completed in 1940, was first witnessed near his home in 1918, and a similar study was made in France during 1926. Schmeckebier relates this painting to the ceremony of baptism: "a rural religious ceremony whose tragedy is intensified by the realization that this son of the fresh green Kansas prairies was sacrificed on a battlefield whose ideological remoteness was as dramatic as its geographical makeup." The painting does not express a political spectacle, rather Curry's personal feelings. Conversely, Parade to War depicts departing soldiers rather than the return of a victim of war.

Along with war scenes, Curry also produced manhunt and fugitive subjects. These ideas were inspired by remembrances from his own childhood, but were also observed from publicized events during the early 1930s. The Lindbergh kidnapping and John Dillinger's crime spree were well known and public deaths such as lynchings were often the result of such crimes. In addition, the plight of black male victims of lynching became a focus of attention. Curry's painting, The Fugitive, showing a black man hiding from a mob, appeared in a 1935 exhibition, "An Art Commentary on Lynching," organized in support of national anti-lynching legislation (which never passed; anti-lynching legislation was only passed at the federal level in 2022). These earlier political works would influence later Curry's mural work in the Department of Justice Building. Located "above the entrance to the Justice Department library" is Curry's painting, Law vs. Mob Rule in which a judge in black robes protects a man who has collapsed on the courthouse steps from a lynch mob.

Reactions and legacy
Despite popularity in the rest of the country, Curry's works did not find favor in Kansas. He was taken as ridiculing the worst aspects of the state. Kansans felt the inclusion of outdoor baptisms and tornadoes perpetuated negative stereotypes about the state. When these paintings were displayed in New York galleries many Kansans felt belittled. However, the New York public was fascinated by Curry's paintings. Curry's paintings were entertaining and easy to grasp, and allowed viewers to see a more primitive, isolated, non-commercial version of America.

In 1992, the Kansas Legislature apologized for its treatment of Curry and purchased the drawings related to his murals.

List of art works

This is a list of some of Curry's most notable works, arranged by date.Baptism in Kansas, oil on canvas, 1928, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City.The Old Folks (Mother and Father), oil on canvas, 1929, Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH.The Roadworkers Camp, oil on canvas, 1929, F.M. Hall Collection, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.Storm Over Lake Otsego, oil on canvas, 1929, collection of Mrs. Polly Thayer Starr, Boston, Massachusetts.Tornado over Kansas, oil on canvas, 1929, Muskegon Museum of Art, Muskegon, Michigan.State Fair, oil on canvas, 1929, Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.Hogs Killing a Snake, oil on canvas, c.1930, Art Institute of Chicago.The Medicine Man, oil on canvas, 1931, collection of William Benton, Chicago, Illinois.Spring Shower, oil on canvas, 1931, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.The Flying Cadonas, oil and tempera on panel, 1932, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City.The Runaway, oil on canvas, 1932, collection of Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.The Line Storm, oil and tempera on panel, 1934, collection of Sidney Howard, New York.Corn, oil on canvas, 1935, Wichita Art Museum, Wichita, Kansas.Ajax, oil on canvas, 1936–37, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.The Oklahoma Land Rush, April 22, 1889, commissioned 1937, installed 1939Tragic Prelude, 1937–1942, Kansas State CapitolMadison Landscape, oil and tempera on canvas, 1941, Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, Madison, WI

Exhibitions
"A Celebration of Rural America," September 9, – October 28, 2007, Danville Museum of Fine Arts and History, Danville, Virginia.
"Collective Images: the sketchbooks of John Steuart Curry," February 23, – May 5, 2002, Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts.
"Illusions of Eden: Visions of the American Heartland," February 18, – April 30, 2000, Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, Ohio.
"The American Century: Art & Culture 1900–2000," April 23, 1999, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, New York.
"John Steuart Curry: Inventing the Middle West," June 13, – August 30, 1998, M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, California.

Archival material
The Kansas Historical Society has Curry's preliminary sketches for the State Capitol murals.

References

Further readingJohn Steuart Curry: Rural America, edited by Mongerson Wunderlich. Chicago: ACA Galleries, 1991.John Steuart Curry: A Catalogue of Reason, edited by Sylvan Cole Jr. New York: Basso Printing Corporation, 1976.
Czestochowski, Joseph S. John Steuart Curry and Grant Wood: A Portrait of Rural America. Columbia: University of Missouri Press and Cedar Rapids Art Association, 1981.
Dennis, James M. Renegade Regionalists: The Modern Independence of Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, and John Steuart Curry. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998.
Junker, Patricia. John Steuart Curry: Inventing the Middle West. Arizona: Traditional  Fine Arts Organization Inc., 2005.
Kendall, M. Sue. Rethinking Regionalism: John Steuart Curry and the Kansas Mural Controversy. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institutian Press, 1986.
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Mayer, Lance and Gay Myers. "Old Master Recipes in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s: Curry, Marsh, Doerner, and Maroger." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 41, no. 1 (Spring, 2002): 21–42.
Schmeckebier, Laurence. "John Steuart Curry" Obituaries, College Art Journal. College Art Association v.6.1 (1946): 59–60.
Schmeckebier, Lawrence E. John Steuart Curry's Pageant of America. American Artists Group Inc., 1943.
KSHS."Curry's Statehouse Studies" Kansas State Historical Society.
PBS. "Online News Hour: John Steuart Curry " PBS.

External links

John Steuart Curry and Curry family papers, 1848-1999 from the Smithsonian Archives of American Art
John Steuart Curry / Baptism in Kansas / 1928 at www.davidrumsey.com| The AMICA Library- John Steuart Curry
  PBS Online News Hour – John Steuart Curry
 Muskegon (Michigan, USA) Museum of Art housing Tornado over Kansas (1929)
John Steuart Curry boyhood home & museum
John Curry Artwork Examples on AskART.
Don Anderson papers relating to John Steuart Curry, 1942–1973 from the Smithsonian Archives of American Art

1897 births
1946 deaths
People from Jefferson County, Kansas
Painters from Kansas
American muralists
20th-century American painters
American male painters
Art Students League of New York faculty
Geneva College alumni
Kansas City Art Institute alumni
United States Army artists
Federal Art Project artists
University of Wisconsin–Madison staff
Artists from Westport, Connecticut
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
20th-century American male artists
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters

John Steuart Curry


Hieraciinae, veliki podtribus glavočika, dio tribusa Cichorieae. Postoji pet rodova rasprostranjenih po svim kontinentima osim Australije. U Hrvatskoj je zastupljen samo od brojnih vrsta iz roda runjika (Hieracium)

Rodovi
 Andryala L.
 Hieracium L.
 Hispidella Barnadez ex Lam.
 Pilosella Vaill.
 Schlagintweitia Griseb.

Izvori

Cichorieae

Hieraciinae


NGC 6763 (NGC 6762) je spiralna galaktika u zviježđu Zmaju. Naknadno je utvrđeno da je NGC 6762 ista galaktika.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6763
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6763 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 6763  DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6750 - 6799

6763

NGC 6763


Maashorst est une commune néerlandaise située dans l'est de la province de Brabant-Septentrional. La commune est créée le  par la fusion des communes de Landerd et Uden. Elle comptait alors 58384 habitants.

Commune dans la province de Brabant-Septentrional
Division administrative fondée en 2022

Maashorst


Ramsayville est une communauté rurale située sur le ruisseau Ramsay, dans le district de Gloucester-Southgate à Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

La communauté faisait partie de la ville de Gloucester quand elle a été unifiée avec la ville d'Ottawa en 2001.

Le recensement de 2011 a noté environ 90 habitants.

La communauté était un site utilisé pour l'expérimentation radiogoniométrique par la Marine royale canadienne. C'est probable que les activités qui ont eu lieu aussi tard que 1965 ont été classifiés. L'installation qu'ils ont construit était situé sur le chemin Ramsayville, qui s'appelait à l'époque le chemin Base Line. Ce n'était pas loin de SFC Leitrim, près de l'intersection du chemin Leitrim et environ huit kilomètres (cinq miles) de la ville de Gloucester.

Ramsayville a été le site d'un accident d'avion en 1950 qui a tué l'ambassadeur des États-Unis au Canada Laurence Steinhardt.

Transport
Les routes principales sont le chemin Ramsayville, le chemin Leitrim, le chemin Anderson, le chemin Russell (en) et l'autoroute 417 de l'Ontario.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Quartier d'Ottawa

Ramsayville (Ontario)


was a town located in Shūchi District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Haruno was founded as a town on September 30, 1956.

As of June 1, 2005, the town had an estimated population of 5,953 and a density of 23.6 persons per km2. The total area was 252.17 km2. Mount Akiba was located within the town limits.

On July 1, 2005, Haruno, along with the cities of Tenryū and Hamakita, the towns of Hosoe, Inasa and Mikkabi (all from Inasa District), the towns of Misakubo and Sakuma, the village of Tatsuyama (all from Iwata District), and the towns of Maisaka and Yūtō (both from Hamana District), was merged into the expanded city of Hamamatsu, and is now part of Tenryū-ku, Hamamatsu.

External links
 Hamamatsu official website

Dissolved municipalities of Shizuoka Prefecture
Hamamatsu

Haruno, Shizuoka


بدأ بث الموسم الثالث من المسلسل التلفزيوني الدرامي الأمريكي بريزون بريك في الولايات المتحدة في 17 سبتمبر 2007. أنتج بريزون بريك Adelstein-Parouse Productions بالتعاون مع Rat Television و Original Television Movie وتلفزيون فوكس القرن العشرين. احتوى الموسم على 13 حلقة، وخُتم في 18 فبراير 2008. هذا الموسم أقصر من الموسمين السابقين.

يدور بريزون بريك حول أخوين: حُكِم على أحدهما بالإعدام لجريمة لم يرتكبها وشقيقه الأصغر المهندس العبقري الذي أعد خطة للهرب من السجن. هرب الأخوان من السجن في الموسم الأول، وتمت مطاردتهما طوال الموسم الثاني وأعيد اعتقال الأخ الأصغر وأرسل إلى سجنٍ في باناما -إصلاحية سونا الفيدرالية- في نهاية الموسم الثاني. يدور الموسم الثالث حول خطة مايكل للهرب من سونا مع عدة سجناء آخرين.

في هذا الموسم ألغيت ثلاث شخصيات من بطولة الموسم، بينما رُقيت إحدى الشخصيات وأضيف ثلاثة شخصيات جديدة إلى البطولة. تم التصوير في دالاس في ولاية تكساس.

الإنتاج

الممثلون
ركز الموسم الثالث على عشرة شخصيات ليصبحوا أبطالًا للموسم، بدلا من تسعة في الموسم السابق. كان ستة منهم أبطالًا في الموسم الثاني: وينتورث ميلر بدور مايكل سكوفيلد وهو شقيق لينكون الذي يخطط للهرب من سونا؛ ودومينيك بورسيل الذي لعب لينكون بوروز شقيق مايكل الذي يحاول مساعدة مايكل في الهرب من الخارج؛ وويليام فيشتنر الذي لعب دور ألكساندر ماهون عميل المباحث الفيدرالية والشركة السابق الذي انتهى به المطاف مُعتقلا في سونا؛ وروبرت نبر (تي-باغ) وأموري نولاسكو (فرناندو سوكري) الذيْن يلعبان دور اثنين من ثمانية نهر فوكس. أعيد ويد وليامز لبطولة الموسم ولعب دور براد بيليك حارس السجن السابق الذي انتهى به المطاف في سونا. لم يتكرر ظهور سارا تانكريدي وسي-نوت وبول كيليرمان في الموسم الثالث -وقد كانوا أبطالًا في الموسم الثاني-، ولذلك ألغوا من بطولة هذا الموسم.

التصوير
بعكس كثير من البرامج التلفزيونية الأخرى، لم يصوّر بريزون بريك في هوليوود. صُوّر أول موسم في شيكاغو في ولاية إلينوي وحولها. في الموسم الثاني، انتقل التصوير إلى دالاس في ولاية تكساس. استمر تصوير الموسم الثالث في دالاس، لكن تكلفة الإنتاج ارتفعت إلى 3 ملايين دولار لكل حلقة. صوّرت عدة مشاهد من المفاوضات بين لينكون وغريتشن في مدينة باناما.

الإصدار

إصدارات ديفيدي وبلوراي
أُصدر الموسم تحت اسم بريزون بريك — الموسم الثالث  للشاشات العريضة في مجموعتين تتكونان من أربع أقراص ديفيدي وبلوراي في المنطقة 1 في الولايات المتحدة في 12 أغسطس 2008. بالإضافة إلى الثلاثة عشر حلقة التي بُثّت، تضمنت المجموعة تعليقات على الحلقات ومشاهد خلف الكواليس.

الحلقات

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="width:98%"
|-
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!! style="background-color:#fada00; color:#FFFFFF;" width="3%"|#
!! style="background-color:#fada00; color:#FFFFFF;"|العنوان
!! style="background-color:#fada00; color:#FFFFFF;" width="15%"|أخرجها
!! style="background-color:#fada00; color:#FFFFFF;" width="25%"|كتبها
!! style="background-color:#fada00; color:#FFFFFF;" width="15%"|بُثّت في
!! style="background-color:#fada00; color:#FFFFFF;" width="12%"|رمز الإنتاج

|}

مراجع

3
حلقات بريزون بريك
عروض تلفزيونية تقع أحداثها في بنما
مواسم تلفزيونية
مواسم تلفزيونية أمريكية 2007
مواسم تلفزيونية أمريكية في 2008
مواسم تلفزيونية في 2008

بريزون بريك (الموسم 3)


El Rally Cataluña de 1993, oficialmente 29º Rally Catalunya - Costa Brava (Rallye de España), fue la edición 29º y la décimo segunda ronda de la temporada 1993 del Campeonato Mundial de Rally. Se celebró del 2 al 4 de noviembre y contó con un itinerario de veintinueve tramos de asfalto que sumaban un total de 513,605 km cronometrados. También fue puntuable para el Mundial de Producción y para el Campeonato de España.

El ganador fue el francés François Delecour a bordo de un Ford Escort RS Cosworth que lideró la prueba desde el segundo tramo hasta el final. Segundo fue Didier Auriol con un Toyota Celica y tercero Juha Kankkunen con el segundo Celica.

Itinerario y ganadores

Clasificación final

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Catalunya 1993 juwra.com

1993
Deporte en España en 1993
Temporada 1993 del Campeonato Mundial de Rally
10

Rally Cataluña de 1993


Ukraine c. Fédération de Russie peut désigner plusieurs affaires portées devant la Cour internationale de justice :

  ;
 Ukraine c. Fédération de Russie (2022).

Article connexe

 Enquête de la Cour pénale internationale en Ukraine

Ukraine c. Fédération de Russie


Dom Neri José Tondello (Antônio Prado, ) é bispo brasileiro da Igreja Católica Romana, ordinário da Diocese de Juína, no Estado do Mato Grosso.

Biografia
Nasceu em 24 de março de 1964, no município de Antônio Prado, Rio Grande do Sul, filho de Antônia Maria Martello e Mário Aquiles Tondello. Formou-se em Filosofia na Universidade de Caxias do Sul e obteve licenciatura plena em Teologia pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. É mestre em Filosofia e Teologia e possui doutorado em Doutrina Social da
Igreja pela Universidade de Granada, Espanha.

Foi ordenado presbítero em 18 de abril de 1993, na Diocese de Caxias do Sul. Como presbítero, exerceu as seguintes funções: vigário paroquial na Paróquia Sagrado Coração de Jesus, em Antônio Prado, RS (1993-1998); assistente do curso propedêutico do Seminário Diocesano, no Santuário Diocesano Nossa Senhora de Caravaggio, em Farroupilha, RS (1999-2001); vice-reitor do Seminário Maior São Lucas em Viamão, RS (2002); reitor do Seminário Maior Sâo José e Maria Mãe da Igreja, Caxias do Sul, RS (2003); reitor do Seminário Maior Sagrado Coração de Jesus da Diocese de Juína, Várzea Grande, MT (2004-2008); diretor espiritual do Seminário São João Maria Vianey, em Várzea Grande, MT; diretor espiritual do Seminário Bom Pastor, em Várzea Grande; professor de Filosofia, Sociologia, Ética, Doutrina Social da Igreja e Teologia Moral no SEDAC; vigário paroquial nas comunidades da Arquidiocese de Cuiabá, Paróquia São Gonçalo e Paróquia Nossa Senhora da Guia.

Em 12 de novembro de 2008, o Papa Bento XVI o nomeou bispo da Diocese de Juína, diocese esta que se encontrava vacante desde a morte repentina de seu primeiro bispo, Dom Franco Dalla Valle, SDB, no ano anterior, e estava sob os cuidados de Dom Milton Antônio dos Santos, SDB, arcebispo de Cuibá. Sua ordenação episcopal foi celebrada em sua terra natal pelo Bispo Diocesano de Caxias do Sul, Dom Nei Paulo Moretto, com a colaboração de Dom Milton Santos e Dom Dadeus Grings, então arcebispo de Porto Alegre, no dia 11 de janeiro de 2009. Monsenhor Tondello era, na época, aos 44 anos de idade, o bispo mais jovem do Brasil. Tondello tomou posse de sua diocese em 15 de fevereiro de 2009.

Em 28 de maio de 2011, foi eleito secretário do Regional Oeste 2 da Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB). Em 2015, na 54ª assembleia nacional da conferência, foi eleito presidente do mesmo regional para o quadriênio 2015-2019. Em 2019, foi eleito segundo presidente da Comissão Episcopal para a Comunicação.

Logo após se tornar presidente, em junho de 2015, Dom Neri convidou a comunidade católica a ir até a Câmara de Vereadores de Cuiabá para protestar contra a "ideologia de gênero" no projeto que instituía o Plano Municipal de Educação. O projeto de lei, de autoria do Poder Executivo, precisava do aval dos vereadores para ser colocado em prática. Duas emendas foram então aprovadas para excluir as expressões "ideologia de gênero", "diversidade sexual" e "orientação sexual" contidas em dois artigos do plano.

Em março de 2018, o Papa Francisco o nomeou membro do conselho de preparação para o Sínodo Extraordinário da Amazônia, que se realizou em outubro do ano seguinte, com o objetivo de discutir e repensar o papel da Igreja Católica em defesa da Amazônia. Dom Neri se destacou por sua defesa à preservação do meio ambiente, às comunidades aborígenes e e ribeirinhas.

Em julho de 2020, foi signatário de uma carta contra o governo Bolsonaro por seu descaso pela crise sanitária causada pela pandemia de covid-19.

Ver também

Naturais de Antônio Prado
Bispos de Juína
Alunos da Universidade de Caxias do Sul
Alunos da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
Alunos da Universidade de Granada
Brasileiros de ascendência italiana
Ambientalistas do Brasil
Ativistas dos direitos indígenas do Brasil

Neri José Tondello


TCG Dumlupınar (D-6), Türk Donanması'na 16 Kasım 1950 - 4 Nisan 1953 tarihleri arasında hizmet etmiştir. 4 Nisan 1953 günü I. İnönü denizaltısı ile Akdenizdeki NATO Blue Sea tatbikatından dönerken 86 kişilik mürettebatı ile deniz kazası sonucu batan Türk denizaltısıdır.

USS Blower
ABD Deniz Kuvvetleri için 1944 yılında Electric Boat Co. Groton Connecticut tarafından üretilen Balao sınıfı denizaltının ilk adı USS Blower (SS-325)'dır. Pearl Harbor'a 16 Aralık 1944 tarihinde gelen denizaltı yapılan tamirat ve bakımların ardından II. Dünya Savaşı sırasındaki ilk devriye görevine 17 Ocak 1945 günü çıkar. Cava Adası ve Güney Çin Denizinde üç ayrı devriye görevini tamamlayarak 28 Temmuz 1945 günü Avustralya'daki Fremantle limanına demirler. Eylül 1945'te Mariana Adaları bölgesinde tatbikatlara katılır. 1946-1949 yılları arasında Pasifik Filosuna bağlı kalır. Ağustos-Eylül 1948 arasında Alaska'daki radar ve sonar tatbikatlarına katılır. 1950 yılında Atlantik Filosuna devredilen denizaltı 3 Mart günü Philadelphia'ya gelerek bakıma girer. 27 Eylül tarihinde Connecticut'a gelen denizaltıda Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri personeli eğitim görür. 16 Kasım 1950 günü ABD envanterinden çıkartılan denizaltı ABD-Türkiye arasındaki Ortak Savunma Destek Yasası kapsamında Türk Deniz Kuvvetlerine devredilir ve TCG Dumlupınar adını alır.

Dumlupınar faciası
1953 yılında, 3 Nisan'ı 4 Nisan'a bağlayan gece su üstünden seyrederken, saat 2.10 sularında Çanakkale Boğazı'ndaki Nara Burnu açıklarında Naboland adlı bir İsveç yük gemisiyle çarpıştı. Naboland, baş torpido dairesinin sancak tarafından Dumlupınar'a çarpmıştı. Çarpışmanın şiddetiyle Dumlupınar'ın güvertesinde bulunan 8 kişi denize düştü. 8 kişiden 2 si pervaneye takılarak, biri boğularak yaşamını yitirdi.

Olay yerine ilk olarak Gümrük Motoru geldi. Sağ kalan 5 kişi, Gümrük Motoru tarafından Çanakkale'ye götürülerek hastaneye yatırıldı. Denizaltı öylesine hızlı batmıştı ki geminin içindeki 81 kişiden yalnızca 22'si kıç torpido dairesine sığınabilmişti. Burada mahsur kalan 22 kişi battı şamandırasını su yüzüne fırlattılar. Güneşin doğmasıyla birlikte civarda dolaşan balıkçı tekneleri tarafından şamandıra görüldü. Gümrük Motoru derhal şamandıranın yanına geldi. Gümrük Motorunun ikinci çarkçısı Selim Yoludüz, şamandıradaki ahizeyi kaldırarak ve "Alo" diyerek cevap bekledi. Denizaltıdan cevap veren Astsubay Selami Özben; elektriğin kesik olduğunu, geminin sancak tarafına 15 derece yatık olduğunu, kıç torpido dairesinde 22 kişi olduklarını bildirdi. Selim Yoludüz, Kurtaran gemisinin geleceğini söyledi. Saat 11.00 sularında Kurtaran olay yerine geldi. 72 saat boyunca çalışmalar durmaksızın sürdü. Fakat boğazdaki şiddetli akıntı nedeniyle çalışmalar sonuçsuz kalıyordu. Artık denizaltıdakiler için umutlar kesilmişti.

Denizaltıda ölen 81 kişi her yılın 4 Nisan günü anılır.

TCG Dumlupınar'da Hayatını Kaybeden Denizciler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Denizcilik Tarihi'nde TCG DUMLUPINAR
 ABD Deniz Kuvvetleri arşivlerinden

Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'ne devredilen Balao sınıfı denizaltı
Batıklar

Türkiye'deki denizcilik kazaları ve olayları
Boğularak ölenler

1950'lerdeki deniz kazaları
1953'te Türkiye

TCG Dumlupınar (D-6)


هناك قريتين باسم عنازة (عنازه بانياس وعنازه بحنين).

 الأولى العنازة(عنازه بانياس) هي ناحية كبيرة تتبع لمدينة بانياس في سوريا

 الثانية العنازة(عنازه بحنين) فهي قرية تتبع لناحية السودا التابعة لمدينة طرطوس في سوريا لذلك يطلق عليها أحيانا عنازه السودا أو عنازه طرطوس.

عنازة بانياس (توضيح)


Vincenzo Scaramuzza, auch Vicente Scaramuzza (* 19. Juni 1885 in Crotone; † 24. März 1968 in Buenos Aires) war ein italienisch-argentinischer Pianist und Musikpädagoge.

Leben
Scaramuzza wurde geboren in Crotone/Italien. Den ersten Klavierunterricht erhielt er durch seinen Vater Francesco. Bereits im Alter von sieben Jahren gab er die ersten Konzerte und studierte nur wenig später am prestigeträchtigen San Pietro a Maiella-Konservatorium in Neapel. 1907 emigrierte er nach Argentinien und führte sein Studium fort an der "Santa Cecilia"-Musikakademie in Buenos Aires. Er heiratete Sara Bagnati, eine Kommilitonin, und gründete gemeinsam mit ihr 1912 die Scaramuzza-Musikakademie. Während seiner Karriere als Pianist trat er nicht nur in Argentinien, sondern auch in Nord- und Südamerika sowie Europa auf.

Pädagogik
Ab 1923 gab Scaramuzza seine Konzerttätigkeit auf und widmete sich dem Unterrichten. Eine Vielzahl renommierter argentinischer und internationaler Pianisten entstammt seiner Schule, darunter Martha Argerich, Michèle Boegner, Bruno Leonardo Gelber, Carmen Piazzini, Daniel Levy, Francisco Amicarelli, Mauricio Kagel, Fausto Zadra, Alberto Portugheis oder Enrique Barenboim, der Vater von Daniel Barenboim. Auch die bekannten Tango-Pianisten Horacio Salgán und Atilio Stampone gehörten zu seinen Schülern.

Obwohl Scaramuzza in seinen letzten Lebensjahren von schwerer Krankheit gezeichnet war, unterrichtete er weiter, indem er seinen Flügel in sein Schlafzimmer bringen ließ. Er starb in Buenos Aires.

Anhand von Aufzeichnungen, die er während seines Lebens angefertigt hatte, rekonstruierte Maria Rosa Oubiña de Castro, eine Studentin Scaramuzzas, seine Unterrichtsmethode. In Buchform wurde sie 1977 unter dem Titel Enseñanzas de un gran maestro veröffentlicht.

Literatur

Lian, M.: The pedagogical Legacy of Vicente Scaramuza: The Relationship Between Anatomy of the Hand, Tone Production, and Musical Goals" Doctoral Document For the Degree of Doctor of Musical Arts, Major: Music. University of Nebraska, 2013.

Oubiña de Castro, M.R.: "Enseñanzas de un Gran Maestro, Vicente Scaramuzza". Ed. Ossorio, Buenos Aires, 1973.

Weblinks
 Interview mit Horatió Salgan auf Spanisch

Einzelnachweise

Klassischer Pianist
Italiener
Argentinier
Geboren 1885
Gestorben 1968
Mann

Vincenzo Scaramuzza


Actinochloris, monotipski rod zelenih alga smješten u porodicu Actinochloridaceae. Jedina je vrsta terestrijalna/slatkovodna alga A. sphaerica iz Ukrajine, opisana 1953. godine

Sinonimi
 Actinochloris minuta (Herndon) Philipose  →Radiosphaera minuta Herndon
 Actinochloris terrestris (Vischer) Ettl & Gärtner →Macrochloris dissecta Korshikov

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Vrste Chlamydomonadales

Actinochloris sphaerica


كلاب غبية 2  هو مسلسل كارتوني أمريكي كوميدي من أنتاج هانا-باربيرا من عام 1993 -1995. يتحدث المسلسل عن كلبان غبيان (كلب كبير، كلب قصير) وفي كل حلقة أحداث منوعة ومضحكة ومغامرات لا تخلو من ظرافه.

المراجع

روابط خارجية

برامج تلفزيونية باللغة الإنجليزية
عروض رسوم متحركة تلفزيونية أمريكية تتميز بشخصيات مجسمة
قوائم حلقات مسلسلات رسوم متحركة تلفزيونية أمريكية للأطفال
كلاب خيالية
مسلسلات أطفال تلفزيونية كوميدية أمريكية في عقد 1990
مسلسلات أمريكية انتهت في 1995
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية بدأ عرضها في 1993
مسلسلات تلفزيونية من قبل هانا-باربيرا
مسلسلات رسوم متحركة
مسلسلات رسوم متحركة تلفزيونية أمريكية في عقد 1990
مسلسلات رسوم متحركة تلفزيونية أمريكية للأطفال
مسلسلات رسوم متحركة تلفزيونية عن الكلاب
مسلسلات رسوم متحركة تلفزيونية كوميدية أمريكية للأطفال

كلاب غبية 2


Skive-Løbet 2019 var den 16. udgave af cykelløbet Skive-Løbet. Løbet var en del af UCI Europe Tour-kalenderen og blev arrangeret 5. maj 2019. Løbet blev vundet af danske Frederik Rodenberg fra .

Hold og ryttere

Resultater

Eksterne henvisninger

2019
UCI Europe Tour 2019

Skive-Løbet 2019


Selkirk dans le Scottish Borders était un Burgh royal qui a élu un Commissaire au Parlement d'Écosse et à la Convention des États.

Après les Actes d'Union de 1707, Selkirk, Lanark, Linlithgow et Peebles ont formé le district de Lanark, envoyant un membre à la Chambre des communes de Grande-Bretagne.

Liste des commissaires de burgh

 1661: Robert Elliot, bailli
 1665 convention, 1667 convention: William Michilhill, bailli
 1669–74: Patrick Murray
 1678 convention, 1685–86: William Wauch, bailli
 1681–82: Andro Angus, greffier de la ville
 1689 convention, 1689–1702: John Murray
 1702–07: Robert Scott

Références

Article connexe
 Liste des circonscriptions au Parlement d'Écosse au moment de l'Union

Circonscription du Parlement d'Écosse (jusqu'en 1707)
Politique dans les Scottish Borders
Selkirkshire

Selkirk (circonscription du Parlement d'Écosse)


An Syngonanthus bisumbellatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Wilhelm Willy Otto Eugen Ruhland. An Syngonanthus bisumbellatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Syngonanthus, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 S. b. bisumbellatus
 S. b. froesii

Mga kasarigan

Syngonanthus

Syngonanthus bisumbellatus


Herbert von Obwurzer (čitaj fon Obvurcer) (Innsbruck, 23. lipnja 1888. - Nakel, Westpreußen, 25. siječnja 1945.) je bio jedan od oficira u sklopu njemačkih Waffen SS snaga tokom Drugog svjetskog rata.

Prvi svjetski rat
Obitelj je dobila plemićku titulu "von" nakon što je Herbertov otac poginuo u Prvom svjetskom ratu. Sam Herbert se borio u Prvom svjetskom ratu u sastavu austro-ugarske vojske kao satnik u 1. pukovniji "Tirolskog Kaiserjägera".

Period između dva svjetska rata
Nakon Prvog svjetskog rata, Obwurzer je bio član Frajkorps "željezne divizije", a 1919. sudjelovao je u borbama u baltičkim državama. Od 1920. bio je odgovoran za osnivanje "tirolskog domobranstva" i pridružio se NSDAP-u (Nacionalsocijalistička njemačka radnička stranka) 1930. godine. Nakon pridruživanja stranci uslijedio je prelazak u Njemački Rajh gdje je imao čin bojnika od 1937. godine.

Drugi svjetski rat
Godine 1942. prelazi u Waffen-SS s činom Obersturmbannfuhrera (Viši vođa jurišne jedinice). Od ljeta 1942. služio je u 6. SS brdskoj "Nord" diviziji i odatle je prebačen u "Handžar" diviziju. Uz organizaciju te divizije, obnašao je dužnost njezina prvog zapovjednika od 1. travnja do 9. kolovoza 1943. godine. Odatle je u rujnu 1943. prešao u 1. SS pješačku brigadu, koja je počinila brojna ubojstva civila u Sovjetskom Savezu. U srpnju 1944. postao je zapovjednik latvijske grenadirske divizije u sklopu Waffen SS-a. Nestao je 26. siječnja 1945. kada se odigravala izviđačka misija i od tada je proglašen mrtvim.

Izvori

Njemački vojni zapovjednici u Drugom svjetskom ratu

Herbert von Obwurzer


LANZA es una familia de sistemas radar 3D de última generación desarrollado por Indra Sistemas. Están basados en una arquitectura modular y escalable, tanto en el equipamiento hardware como en el software.

Todos los sistemas radar de la Familia LANZA son tridimensionales, de estado sólido, operan en banda L y aplican exploración por pinceles (con control electrónico en elevación), con arquitectura distribuida, modular y redundancia en elementos críticos, lo que permite una degradación suave en caso de fallo de ciertos elementos para adaptarse a los requisitos específicos de cada usuario final (Armada, Ejército, Fuerza Aérea…) —e incluso a distintas condiciones ambientales que puedan existir en un emplazamiento operativo—. Los sistemas radar de la familia LANZA pueden ser configurados desde sistemas radar de largo alcance extendido, en emplazamiento fijo o transportables, pasando por sistemas de medio alcance, gap-fillers o sistemas radar de uso dual civil-ATC/militar.

Sus modos de exploración, totalmente configurables por software y controlados desde la consola radar, permiten adaptar cualquier radar de la familia a múltiples situaciones, misiones o amenazas aéreas, teniendo en cuenta el teatro de operaciones y las condiciones ambientales en cualquier momento.

Historia

El radar LANZA nace en 1986, cuando la empresa española Indra comenzó el desarrollo de un radar 3D de largo alcance de diseño totalmente nacional. Este desarrollo contó con el patrocinio del Ministerio de Defensa y el Ejército del Aire. Tras la validación del prototipo, ya en 1993, se adjudicó a Indra el suministro de 10 radares LANZA 3D en banda L con la misión de proporcionar la vigilancia y alerta temprana que requería el Ejército de Aire español. Desde el año 2001, Indra inició el rediseño de sus radares LANZA acorde a los últimos requisitos OTAN. Estos radares equipan en la actualidad la mayoría de los Escuadrones de Vigilancia Aérea del Ejército de Aire español.

En el año 2003, el nuevo radar LANZA fue elegido en competición internacional para dotar al Ejército del Aire portugués de un radar de largo alcance bajo requisitos actuales OTAN por 28 millones de euros, incluyendo obra civil de gran envergadura y la gestión del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental.

Se han contratado recientemente más unidades para el Sultanato de Omán como parte de un sistema de defensa aérea de alerta temprana para su Real Fuerza Aérea (RAFO).

La Fuerza Aérea Uruguaya (FAU) opera dos radares LANZA desde 2009, siendo capaces de proporcionar servicios de contingencia al control civil de tráfico aéreo.

Entre los últimos usuarios finales que han elegido Indra, podemos destacar OTAN, la Real Fuerza Aérea Australiana (RAAF) o la Real Fuerza Aérea de Omán (RAFO).

Versión naval

Las diferencias respecto a la versión terrestre consisten en un diseño de antena más pequeño y compacto. Desde los más de 10 metros de ancho de la antena terrestre, se pasa a algo más de 5 metros en el LANZA-N. Esta reducción de dimensiones está compensada por la inclusión de un canal monopulso acimutal que permite mantener la precisión.

El régimen de giro variable le permite adaptarse con gran flexibilidad a las diversas situaciones operativas en que se pueda encontrar el buque ya que simultáneamente, debe asegurase la detección de los blancos de interés en los entornos de amenaza previstos, suministrando posiciones correctas de los objetos y bajo un sistema de seguimiento integrado que también estará compensado frente a los desplazamientos del buque.

Es fundamental la atención sobre el peso y la robustez para el entorno de operación de un buque, humedad, ambiente salino, vibración, fuente de energía primaria con tensión y frecuencia diferentes del terrestre.

Otra línea maestra se dirige a la algoritmia de control y proceso digital por tratarse de una plataforma móvil. Esta algoritmia se encargará de determinar de forma continua el apuntamiento en elevación del haz del radar y así explorar la cobertura en elevación requerida, compensando electrónicamente los movimientos del buque.

Características

El radar LANZA-N incorpora los siguientes equipos electrónicos, proporcionando un elevado margen dinámico, precisión en sus medidas y agilidad en sus modos de frecuencia.
 Antena con canales monopulso en acimut y elevación.
 Conversión A/D directa en Frecuencia Intermedia con 14 bits y demodulación digital.
 Capacidad de generación de múltiples formas de onda transmitidas.
 Gestión electrónica de apuntamiento del haz de detección en elevación. Por un lado permite compensar electrónicamente los movimientos de la plataforma (buque) donde esté instalado. Por otro, esta gestión de apuntamiento junto a la variedad de formas de onda empleadas proporciona una eficiente distribución de energía hacia la zona de cobertura.
 Algoritmos específicos de tratamiento de señales para detectar blancos tanto en entornos litorales como en vuelos a baja cota.
 Gestión integrada de cartografía para soportar sus algoritmos de detección, seguimiento y clasificación.
 Software programado en lenguaje de alto nivel orientado a objeto.
 Uso extensivo de elementos COTS, con arquitectura abierta, en su procesamiento digital de señales.

Usuarios

Opera 15 estaciones terrestres y un Lanza-N, instalado en el .. Estos radares fijos se complementan con radares móviles Lanza LTR-25.

Opera 2 estaciones terrestres y 2 móviles.

Opera una estación terrestre y otra móvil.

Opera una estación terrestre.

Ordenó 3 estaciones móviles.

Ordenó 2 estaciones móviles.

Opera 3 estaciones fijas.

Opera 1 estación móvil.

 País no declarado.
Ordenó 3 estaciones fijas.

 País no declarado.
Opera 5 estaciones fijas.

 País no declarado.
Opera 2 estaciones fijas.

 País no declarado.
Ordenó 2 estaciones fijas y dos móviles.

Referencias

Radares militares
Lanza
Radares militares de España

Radar LANZA


Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (tidligere Lactobacillus bulgaricus) er en gram-positiv bakterie af slægten Lactobacillus (og er derfor en stavformet, fakultativt anaerob, ikke-sporedannende bakterie). Den er en mælkesyrebakterie og anvendes bl.a. sammen med Streptococcus thermophilus til fremstillingen af yoghurt, hvor den under fermentering omdanner lactose til lactat, der under afgivelse af en hydron omdannes til mælkesyre. Dette er både for at forlænge holdbarheden og skabe den ønskede smag. Den findes også i mælk, hvor dens fermentering kan gøre den sur.

Bakterier


Binnaz Uslu Tuna (12 Mart 1985, Ankara), eski Türk atlet. Çoğunlukla orta mesafelerde ve 3000 metre su engellide mücadele etmişti. 2000-2005 yıllarında Fenerbahçe'de spor yapan Uslu, 2005 yılından sonra ENKA'ya katıldı. Antrenörü Yahya Sevütekin'di.

Kariyeri
Uslu, 2004'te İstanbul'da düzenlenen Balkan Atletizm Şampiyonası'nda 800 m'de 2:06.47lik derecesiyle bronz ve 1500 metrede 4:21.60'lık derecesiyle gümüş madalya kazandı; 3:42.25lik derecesiyle bronz kazanan 4×400 m bayrak takımında da yer almıştı.

İspanya'da 'nın Almería kentindeki 2005 Akdeniz Oyunları'nda ülkesini temsil etti. 800 metrede 2:02.68le bronz kazandı. Ayrıca 4x400 metre bayrak takımıyla (Özge Gürler, Birsen Bekgöz ve Pınar Saka'yla birlikte) 3:40.75 koşarak bir bronz daha elde etti.

2011 Dünya Üniversite Yaz Oyunları'nda 3000 m engelliyi 9:40.29 ve 5000 metreyi 15:41.15le tamamlayarak iki altın madalya kazandı.

Uslu hâlen Türkiye 4×400 m bayrak takımının Tamperede'ki 3:40.65lik derecesiyle (Pınar Saka, Burcu Şentürk ve Özge Gürler ile birlikte) Türkiye gençler rekorunu ve 61. Cezmi Or Kupası'ndaki 2:41.79luk 1000 metre performansıyla Türkiye 23 yaş altı rekorunu elinde bulundurmaktadır.

Doping
Uslu, 2007 yılında Dünya Kros Şampiyonası öncesi hazırlık kampında verdiği numunede yasaklı maddeye rastlandığı gerekçesiyle iki yıl men cezası almıştı.

IAAF'ın 2011 Dünya Atletizm Şampiyonası'nda alınan örnekleri yeniden incelemesi sonucu, Uslu'da stanozolole rastlandı. Atletin kariyerindeki ikinci vaka olduğundan 2014'te ömür boyu men cezası verildi.

2021 yılında ortaya çıkan veriler sonucunda Binnaz Uslu'nun doping kullanmadığı, antrenörünün görevini kötüye kullanmasından kaynaklı olarak ceza almasını sağlaması yönünde veriler açığa çıkmıştır. Binnaz Uslu'nun doping yapmadığı ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte tüm skandallar sona ermiştir.

Dereceleri

Kaynakça

1985 doğumlular
Ankara doğumlu atletler
Yaşayan insanlar
Türk kadın kısa mesafe koşucuları
Türk kadın orta mesafe koşucuları
Türk kadın uzun mesafe koşucuları
2004 Yaz Olimpiyatları atletleri
2012 Yaz Olimpiyatları atletleri
Türk Olimpiyat atletleri
Fenerbahçe SK atletleri
ENKA SK atletleri
2005 Akdeniz Oyunları atletleri
Türk Akdeniz Oyunları atletleri
Bronz Akdeniz Oyunları madalyalı Türk sporcular
Atletizmde doping vakaları
Doping vakalarında Türk sporcular

Binnaz Uslu


Earl of Balcarres is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1651 for Alexander Lindsay, 2nd Lord Balcarres. Since 1848, the title has been held jointly with the Earldom of Crawford, and the holder is also the hereditary clan chief of Clan Lindsay.

The first earl's father was created Lord Lindsay of Balcarres on 27 June 1633. He was the grandson of the 9th Earl of Crawford. The second Lord Lindsay succeeded his father in 1642. A prominent supporter of Charles I, he was further elevated as Earl of Balcarres and Lord Lindsay of Balneil in 1651. During the rule of Oliver Cromwell, the first earl died in exile in Breda in 1659.

He was succeeded by Charles, his third but first surviving son, who in turn was succeeded by his younger brother, the third earl. In his youth, the third earl was a courtier of King Charles II after the restoration of the monarchy, but later became devoted to King James VII. He fled to Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye after the Glorious Revolution when it was discovered he was part of a plot to restore James to the English throne. He returned to Scotland around 1701 and was received at the court of Queen Anne. He was stripped of his annuity during the revolution, but not his titles.

In January 1808, the ancient Earldom of Crawford, held by members of another branch of the Lindsay family since 1398, became dormant after the death of the George Lindsay-Crawford, 22nd Earl of Crawford. In 1843, James Lindsay, 7th Earl of Balcarres, put forward his claim, based on the research of his eldest son Alexander. In 1848, the House of Lords allowed the claim. It was held that the seventh Earl's father, the sixth Earl, was the lawful (de jure) successor to the earldom of Crawford (though he did not claim it). Therefore, the sixth Earl of Balcarres was posthumously declared the twenty-third Earl of Crawford, and his son, the seventh Earl of Balcarres, became the twenty-fourth Earl of Crawford. Thereafter, the two earldoms have remained united.

The family seat is Balcarres House, near Colinsburgh, Fife.

Lords Lindsay of Balcarres (1633)

David Lindsay, 1st Lord Balcarres (1587–1642)
Alexander Lindsay, 2nd Lord Balcarres (1618–1659), created Earl of Balcarres in 1651

Earls of Balcarres (1651)
Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres (1618–1659) (Anna Mackenzie, Countess of Balcarres)
Charles Lindsay, 2nd Earl of Balcarres (1650–1662)
Colin Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Balcarres (1652–1722)
Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Balcarres (d. 1736)
James Lindsay, 5th Earl of Balcarres (1691–1768)
Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres (1752–1825), de jure 23rd Earl of Crawford (unclaimed)
James Lindsay, 7th Earl of Balcarres (1783–1869), declared 24th Earl of Crawford in 1848

See Earl of Crawford for the remaining Earls of Balcarres

References

See also
Lindsay family tree, showing the relationship between some of the above

Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland
Noble titles created in 1651
Clan Lindsay

Earl of Balcarres


Football Club Groningen je nizozemski profesionalni nogometni klub iz Groningena. U sezoni 2019./20. se natječe u Eredivisie, najvišem rangu nizozemskog nogometa.

Klub je osnovan 1971. godine kad je njegov prethodnik GVAV promijenio ime u FC Groningen. Groningen je u razdoblju od 1971. do 2005. godine igrao na stadionu Oosterpark, a 2006. godine se preselio na Euroborg.

Najveći klupski uspjeh je osvajanje nizozemskog kupa u sezoni 2014./15.

Poznati igrači
  Ronald Koeman
  Daley Blind
  Johan de Kock
  Michael Reiziger
  Adri van Tiggelen
  Johan Neeskens
  Milko Đurovski
  Andrej Zyhmantovič

Treneri kroz povijest
  Ron Groenewoud (1971. – 1975.)
  Anton Goedhart (1975. – 1976.)
  Jan Notermans (1976. – 1977.)
  Theo Verlangen (1977. – 1983.)
  Han Berger (1983. – 1986.)
  Rob Jacobs (1986. – 1987.)
  Henk van Brussel (1987. – 1988.)
  Hans Westerhof (1988. – 1992.)
  Pim Verbeek (1992. – 1993.)
  Leen Looijen (1993.)
  Theo Vonk (1993. – 1994.)
  Wim Koevermans (1994.)
  Hans Westerhof (1994. – 1997.)
  Jan van Dijk (v.d.) (1997.)
  Wim Rijsbergen (1997. – 1998.)
  Jan van Dijk (1988. – 2001.)
   Dwight Lodeweges (2001. – 2002.)
  Ron Jans (2002. – 2010.)
  Pieter Huistra (2010. – 2012.)
  Robert Maaskant (2012. – 2013.)
  Erwin van de Looi (2013. – 2016.)
  Ernest Faber (2016. – 2018.)
  Danny Buijs (2018. -)

Vanjske poveznice
Službene stranice

Groningen

FC Groningen


اُفتتح مركز نوبل للسلام  في يونيو 2005، في العاصمة النرويجية أوسلو. ومهمته هي تقديم جميع جوائز نوبل للسلام، تنظيم المعارض بالإضافة إلى نشر المعلومات الخاصة بألفريد نوبل وجوائز نوبل.

انظر أيضا
 متحف نوبل
 مكتبة نوبل

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي
 جولة افتراضية عالية الجودة
 صور من التصميم الداخلي الجديد

تأسيسات سنة 2005 في النرويج
جائزة نوبل للسلام
مبان ومنشآت في أوسلو
متاحف أسست سنة 2005
متاحف في أوسلو
العمارة القوطية الجديدة في النرويج

مركز نوبل للسلام


Alpejægernes Indtog i København er en stumfilm med ukendt instruktør.

Handling
De franske alpejægere ankommer til Godsbanegården i København d. 26/5 1920. Parade på Rosenborg eksercerplads for kong Christian X. Soldater.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1920

Sønderjyllands historie (på tværs af landegrænser)
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film omhandlende København i 1900-tallet

Alpejægernes Indtog i København


Renville may refer to:

Places in the United States
 Renville, Minnesota
 Renville County, Minnesota
 Renville County, North Dakota
 Renville Township, Bottineau County, North Dakota

People
Joseph Renville
Gabriel Renville

Other
 USS Renville (APA-227)

See also

 Rainville (disambiguation)

Renville


عبد الرحمن الجروان (من مواليد 16 أكتوبر 1966 في محافظة عنيزة)، هو عبد الرحمن محمد الجروان البدراني الحربي، حكم كرة قدم سعودي دولي.

ولد ودرس في عنيزة، وهي نفس المحافظة التي ولد ويعمل فيها الحكم الدولي السابق يوسف العقيلي. دخل مجال التحكيم في عام 1994, وحصل على الشارة الدولية في 1 يناير 2005، كان لاعب في نادي العربي قبل أن يدخل مجال التحكيم. وتخرج من ثانوية تحفيظ القرآن ثم عمل مدرس في أحد المدارس الإبتدئية, وهو متزوج ولدية ثلاثة أولاد واربع بنات, ويعمل مدرس.

أهم المباريات التي أدراها

الدولية
 منتخب اليونان ضد منتخب فنلندا.

محلية
 الهلال ضد الاتحاد.
 الهلال ضد الشباب. (2009)

المراجع

أشخاص من عنيزة
أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
حكام كرة قدم سعوديون
مواليد 1966

عبد الرحمن الجروان


A Igreja Presbiteriana de Vanuatu  (IPV) é uma denominação presbiteriana, estabelecida em Vanuatu em 1948 por missionários da Igreja Presbiteriana do Canadá, Igreja Presbiteriana da Austrália, Igreja Presbiteriana Reformada da Escócia e Igreja Presbiteriana de Aotearoa Nova Zelândia. Em 2020, era a maior denominação religiosa do país, com a adesão de 28% dos residentes de Vanuatu.

História
A Igreja Presbiteriana de Vanuatu foi inicialmente formada como resultado da atividade missionária de missionários britânicos e samoanos da Sociedade Missionário de Londres entre 1837 e 1848. Eles prepararam o caminho para os missionários da Igreja Presbiteriana do Canadá, Igreja Presbiteriana da Austrália, Igreja Presbiteriana Reformada da Escócia e Igreja Presbiteriana de Aotearoa Nova Zelândia. Entre eles, as duas figuras mais proeminentes foram John Geddie, da Nova Escócia, que chegou em 1948, e J.G. Paton, da Escócia. Os parentes e descendentes de Paton mais tarde figuraram como uma quase lendária "sucessão missionária". A expansão da igreja desde as origens na ilha de Aneityum, ao sul, prosseguiu em uma direção amplamente ao norte e contou com o treinamento e emprego local de professores e pastores indígenas que trabalhavam sob o controle da missão exclusivamente branca até que a igreja local se tornou autônoma em 1948 como a Igreja Presbiteriana nas Novas Hébridas.

A denominação continuou crescendo até tornar-se a maior igreja do país, com 28% da população descrevendo-se como membro da IPV em 2020.

Doutrina

A denominação permite a ordenação de mulheres e subscreve a Confissão de Fé de Westminster e o Credo dos Apóstolos.

Relações Intereclesiásticas

A denominação é membro da Comunhão Mundial das Igrejas Reformadas e da  Conselho Mundial de Igrejas.

Denominações presbiterianas em Vanuatu
Membros da Comunhão Mundial das Igrejas Reformadas
Membros do Conselho Mundial de Igrejas

Igreja Presbiteriana de Vanuatu


Gara Anghelești este o stație de cale ferată care deservește comuna Bucșani, județul Giurgiu, România.

Anghelești

Gara Anghelești


Markus Einberger (* 5. Februar 1964) ist ein ehemaliger österreichischer Hochspringer.

Bei den Leichtathletik-Europameisterschaften 1986 in Stuttgart und bei den Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 1987 in Rom schied er in der Qualifikation aus.

Je viermal wurde er österreichischer Meister im Freien (1985, 1987–1989) und in der Halle (1984, 1985, 1988, 1989).

Persönliche Bestleistungen

 Hochsprung: 2,28 m, 18. Mai 1986, Schwechat (österreichischer Rekord)
 Halle: 2,24 m, 16. Februar 1985, Wien (österreichischer Rekord)

Weblinks

 Athletenporträt beim ÖLV

Hochspringer (Österreich)
Österreichischer Meister (Leichtathletik)
Österreicher
Geboren 1964
Mann

Markus Einberger


Veri yolu, bilgisayar yapısında, bilgisayarın içindeki parçalar arasında ya da bilgisayarlar arasında verileri ya da gücü transfer eden bir alt sistemdir ve genellikle aygıt yürütme (device driver) yazılımı tarafından kontrol edilir. Nokta- nokta bağlantısının () tersine, veri yolu, birçok çevresel aygıtı aynı takım kablo ile mantıksal olarak bağlayabilir. Her bir veri yolu kendi bağlayıcılarını fiziksel fiş aygıtlarına, kartlara veya kabloların tümüne karşı tanımlar.

Veri yolu yapısı
Ağ ()'da esas programcı veri trafiğini kontrol eder. Veriler transfer edilirken bilgisayar programcıya mesaj gönderir bu da istekleri sıraya koyar. Bu mesaj ağ(network) noktalarının her birine yayılan tanıtma kodu içerir. Programcı öncelikleri yapar ve veri yolu mevcut olduğu sürece alıcıya bildirir.

Tanıtılan nokta mesajı alır ve iki bilgisayar arasında veri transferini yapar. Veri transferini tamamlayınca, programcının sıralamasında bir sonraki istek için veri yolu serbest kalır.

Veri yolunun avantajı: bilgisayara direkt olarak ulaşılabilir ve mesaj çok basit ve hızlı bir yolla iletilebilir. Dezavantaj: sıklık ve öncelik trafiğini organize edebilmek için programcıya ihtiyacı vardır.

Tek vuruşluk veri yolu

Tek vuruşluk veri yolunda buyruk başına çevrim birdir. Tüm buyruklar en uzun buyruk kadar bekler. Bu yöntem günümüzde kullanılmaz çünkü etkili bir yöntem değildir. İşlemler her zaman tek bir vuruşta bitirilemez ve uzun çevrim zamanı gerekir.
Buyruk adresini bulmak için program sayacı kullanılır. Buyruk bellekten getirilir. Yazmaçlar okunur. Buyruk kullanılarak ne yapılacağı anlaşılır. İki tür işlem birimi vardır. Veri üzerinde işlem yapan, birleşik birimler. Durumu belirleyen, ardışıl birimler. Birleşik mantık birimleri toplayıcı, çoklayıcı ve AMB gibi birimlerdir. Ardışıl birimler ise mandallar ve flip-floplardır.

Çok vuruşluk veri yolu

Çok vuruşluk veri yolunda her buyruk aşamalara bölünür ve bu aşamalar tek çevrimde yapılır. Her çevrim bir ana işlem birimi kullanacak şekilde sınırlanır ve yapılacak iş miktarı dengelenir. Çevrim sonunda daha sonraki çevrimlerde kullanılacak değerler fazladan yerel yazmaç vasıtasıyla saklanır.

Çok vuruşluk veri yolunun tek vuruşluya göre avantajı daha kısa çevrim zamanı gerekmesidir. Tek vuruşluk bir işlemi daha kısa süren iki vuruşta yapmak gibi. Tek vuruşluk veri yollu basit buyruk kümelerinde iyi çalışırken, günümüzdeki gibi kayan nokta işlemlerinin çokça kullanıldığı karmaşık buyruk kümelerinde etkisiz kalmaktadır. İki örnek arasındaki fark ise aşağıda verilmiştir:

Tek vuruşluk veri yolunun çevrim zamanı en uzun buyruğun yani load buyruğunun zamanı olan 600ps olacaktır. Çok vuruşluk veri yolunun ise 200ps ile 600ps arasında değişecektir. Bu yüzden ortalama işlem zamanı aşağıdaki gibi olacaktır.
 Ortalama Çevrim Zamanı = 600 * %25 + 550 * %10 + 400 * %45 + 350 * %15 + 200 * %15
 Ortalama Çevrim Zamanı = 447.5 ps
 Başarımçok vuruşlu / Başarım tek vuruşlu=Yürütme Zamanıtek vuruşlu/Yürütme Zamanıçok vuruşlu
 Buyruk sayısı ikisinde de aynı olduğu için;
 600/447.5=1.34
Buna göre çok vuruşlu veri yolu, tek vuruşluya göre 1.34 kat daha hızlıdır.

Denetim
Denetim birimi veri yolundaki denetim işaretlerini belirleyen birimdir. Denetim işaretleri çalıştırılan buyruk ve uygulanan adım sayısına bağlıdır.

AMB Denetimi: AMB'nin denetim işaretini buyruktaki ALUop ve func gibi bitlerin yardımıyla bulur.
Ana Denetim Birimi: Gerekli bütün denetim işaretlerinin büyük bir kısmını sağlayan birimdir.

Tek vuruşluk veri yolunda doğruluk tabloları yardımıyla denetim birimi tasarlanabilir. Çok vuruşluk veri yolunda sınırlı durum makinesi kullanılır. Sınırlı durum makinesi grafik kullanılarak ya da mikroprogramlama yardımıyla oluşturulur.

Daha karmaşık mimarî tasarlamanın zorlukları
Mips mimarisinin aksine IA-32 mimarisi daha karmaşık buyruklar içerir ve çalışması için onlarca çevrim gerekebilir. Bu karmaşıklık Mips'deki basit buyrukların bile geçekleştirilmesini zorlaştırır. Ancak birçok vuruşlu veri yolu IA-32 buyruklarına uyabilecek bir yapıdadır. Bu uygunluk alttaki iki maddeden gelmektedir.

 Çok vuruşlu veri yolu, buyrukların birden çok vuruşta çalışmasına izin vermektedir.
 Çok vuruşlu veri yolunda, veri yolu bileşenleri birden çok buyruk tarafından kullanılabilmektedir. Böylece karmaşık adreslemelerin önüne geçilmiş olur ve daha karmaşık işlemlerin gerçekleştirilmesine imkân sağlar.

Çok vuruşlu veri yolu ve mikroprogramlama ile IA-32 buyruk kümesi gerçekleştirilebilir. Intel'in 486'dan beri kullandığı IA-32 mimarisi, hardwired control(daha basit buyruklar için) ve mikrobuyruk (daha karmaşık buyruklar için) birleşimini kullanmaktadır .

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Veri yolu (bilgisayar)

Dış bağlantılar
 David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, Elsevier, 2005, ISBN 1-55860-604-1
 Mano and Kime, "Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals", 2000, Prentice Hall

Merkezî işlem birimi

Veriyolu


Klaus von See (født 10. August 1927 i Altendorf, Niedersachsen; død 30. August 2013 i Frankfurt am Main) var en tysk germanist, nordisk filolog, middelalderforsker (ty. Mediävist), historiker og retshistoriker. Han var professor på Goethe-universitetet i Frankfurt am Main.

Uddannelse

Klaus von See læste historie, germanistik og nordisk filologi på universitetet i Hamborg og blev dr. phil. i 1953 på disputatsen «Königtum und Staat im skandinavischen Mittelalter» hos historikeren Hermann Aubin. Derefter læste han retsvidenskab og arbejde fra 1957 som videnskabelig assistent på «Germanistisches Seminar» i Hamburg, arbejdet øgede hans interesse i germansk og nordisk filologi.

I 1962 blev von See habiliteret i Kiel med en retshistorisk-filologisk afhandling («Altnordische Rechtswörter. Philologische Studien zur Rechtsauffassung und Rechtsgesinnung der Germanen») hos Hans Kuhn. Umiddelbart derefter blev han professor for germansk filologi på universitetet i Frankfurt am Main. Han havde stillingen til han blev emeriteret i 1995.

Tilbud fra universitetet i Saarbrücken (1963), Köln (1965), Kiel (1968) og Bonn (1976) afviste han og blev i Frankfurt. Forhandlingerne om hans forbliven i Frankfurt, der fulgte på hvert et tilbud fra en anden universitet, førte med sig, at den nordiske afdeling hos det «Tyske Seminar» på universitetet successivt kunne udbygges. Den sidste forhandling i 1976 gav mulighed til at grundlægge et selvstændigt «institut for Skandinavistik». Klaus von See blev den første direktør.

Som samlet redaktør af «Neues Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft», som omfatter 25 bind, inddelte han håndbogen ikke – som den gamle håndbog udgivet af Oskar Walzel – efter nationallitteraturer, men i komparativt perspektiv efter epoker. Von See stod også bag ideen og konceptionen af DFG («Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft»)-langtidsprojektet «Edda-Kommentar» («Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda»), som han ledede fra begyndelsen i 1993. Syv bind er hidtil udkommet .

Udmærkelser

Klaus von See var ridder af Dannebrogordenen, Honorary Life Member av Viking Society for Northern Research, London og Ridder af Den Islandske Falkeorden.

Publikationer (udvalg)

som forfatter
 Altnordische Rechtswörter. Philologische Studien zur Rechtsauffassung und Rechtsgesinnung der Germanen (Hermaea/N.F.; Bd. 16). Niemeyer, Tübingen 1962 (habilitation).
 Germanische Verskunst (Sammlung Metzler). Metzler, Stuttgart 1967.
 Deutsche Germanen-Ideologie. Vom Humanismus bis zur Gegenwart. Athenäum-Verlag, Frankfurt/M. 1970.
 Germanische Heldensage. Stoffe, Probleme, Methoden; eine Einführung. 2. Auflage. VG Athenaion, Wiesbaden 1981,  (EA Wiesbaden 1971).
 Barbar, Germane, Arier. Die Suche nach der Identität der Deutschen. Winter, Heidelberg 1994, .
 Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda. Winter, Heidelberg 1997–2012 (7 bind, sammen med Beatrice La Farge, Katja Schulz bl.a.).
 Europa und der Norden im Mittelalter. Winter, Heidelberg 1999, .
 Die Göttinger Sieben. Kritik einer Legende (Beiträge zur neueren Literaturgeschichte/3; Bd. 155). 3. Auflage. Winter, Heidelberg 2000,  (EA Heidelberg 1997).
 Freiheit und Gemeinschaft. Völkisch-nationales Denken in Deutschland zwischen Französischer Revolution und Erstem Weltkrieg. Winter, Heidelberg 2001, .
 Königtum und Staat im skandinavischen Mittelalter. Winter, Heidelberg 2002,  (disputats, Hamborg).
 Texte und Thesen. Streitfragen der deutschen uns skandivavischen Geschichte. Winter, Heidelberg 2003,  (med et forord af Julia Zernack).
 Ideologie und Philologie. Aufsätze zur Kultur- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte (Frankfurter Beiträge zur Germanistik; Bd. 44). Winter, Heidelberg 2006, .

som udgiver
 Neues Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft. VG Athenaion, Wiesbaden 1972ff (25 bind).
 Die Strindberg-Fehde. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/M. 1987, .
 Victor Hehn: Olive, Wein und Feige. Kulturhistorische Skizzen. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt/M. 1992, .
 Heinrich Luden, Johanna Schopenhauer: Die Schlacht von Jena und die Plünderung Weimars im Oktober 1807. Winter, Heidelberg 2007,  (sammen med Helena Lissa Wiessner).

som oversætter
 Das Jütsche Recht. Valdemar II. König von Dänemark ("Den Jyske Lov"). Böhlau, Weimar 1960 (fra gammeldansk).

Litteratur om Klaus von See

 Gerd Wolfgang Weber (Hrsg.): Idee, Gestalt, Geschichte. Studien zur europäischen Kulturtradition. Festschrift Klaus von See. University Press, Odense 1988,  (med et forord om Klaus von Sees værk og videnskap og bibliografi indtil 1988 s. 713–719).
 Bibliographie Klaus von Sees von 1989 bis 2002. In: Texte und Thesen. Streitfragen der deutschen und skandinavischen Geschichte. Winter, Heidelberg 2003, , s. 305–309.
 Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender 2009. 22. Ausgabe. K. G. Saur Verlag, München 2009, .
 Notker Hammerstein: Die Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Bd. 2: Nachkriegszeit und Bundesrepublik 1945–1972. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2012, , s. 567–570.
 Julia Zernack: Klaus von See 1927–2013. In: European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 44, 1 (2014), s. 1–3.

Eksterne henvisninger

 Litteratur af og om Klaus von See i den tyske nationalbibliotekets katalog
 Litteratur af og om Klaus von See  i det tyske digitale bibliotek
 Isländer in Frankfurt: Frei im Kopf i anledning av bogmessen i Frankfurt 2011

Filologer fra Tyskland
Historikere fra Tyskland
Faglitterære forfattere fra Tyskland
Videnskabsfolk fra Tyskland
Dansksprogede forfattere
Modtagere af danske hædersbevisninger
Modtagere af Den Islandske Falkeorden

Klaus von See


Chelsea Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames in west London, connecting Chelsea on the north bank to Battersea on the south bank, and split between the City of Westminster, the London Borough of Wandsworth and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. There have been two Chelsea Bridges, on the site of what was an ancient ford.

The first Chelsea Bridge was proposed in the 1840s as part of a major development of marshlands on the south bank of the Thames into the new Battersea Park. It was a suspension bridge intended to provide convenient access from the densely populated north bank to the new park. Although built and operated by the government, tolls were charged initially in an effort to recoup the cost of the bridge. Work on the nearby Chelsea Embankment delayed construction and so the bridge, initially called Victoria Bridge, did not open until 1858. Although well-received architecturally, as a toll bridge it was unpopular with the public, and Parliament felt obliged to make it toll-free on Sundays. The bridge was less of a commercial success than had been anticipated, partly because of competition from the newly built Albert Bridge nearby. It was acquired by the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1877, and the tolls were abolished in 1879.

The bridge was narrow and structurally unsound, leading the authorities to rename it Chelsea Bridge to avoid the Royal Family's association with a potential collapse. In 1926 it was proposed that the old bridge be rebuilt or replaced, due to the increased volume of users from population growth, and the introduction of the automobile. It was demolished during 1934–1937, and replaced by the current structure, which opened in 1937.

The new bridge was the first self-anchored suspension bridge in Britain, and was built entirely with materials sourced from within the British Empire. During the early 1950s it became popular with motorcyclists, who staged regular races across the bridge. One such meeting in 1970 erupted into violence, resulting in the death of one man and the imprisonment of 20 others. Chelsea Bridge is floodlit from below during the hours of darkness, when the towers and cables are illuminated by  of light-emitting diodes. In 2008 it achieved Grade II listed status. In 2004 a footbridge was opened beneath the southern span, carrying the Thames Path under the bridge.

Background

The Red House Inn was an isolated inn on the south bank of the River Thames in the marshlands by Battersea fields, about  east of the developed street of the prosperous farming village of Battersea. Not on any major road, its isolation and lack of any police presence made it a popular destination for visitors from London and Westminster since the 16th century, who would travel to the Red House by wherry, attracted by Sunday dog fighting, bare-knuckle boxing bouts and illegal horse racing. Because of its lawless nature, Battersea Fields was also a popular area for duelling, and was the venue for the 1829 duel between the then Prime Minister the Duke of Wellington and the Earl of Winchilsea.

The town of Chelsea, on the north bank of the Thames about  west of Westminster, was an important industrial centre. Although by the 19th century its role as the centre of the British porcelain industry had been overtaken by the West Midlands, its riverside location and good roads made it an important centre for the manufacture of goods to serve the nearby and rapidly growing London.

The Chelsea Waterworks Company occupied a site on the north bank of the Thames opposite the Red House Inn. Founded in 1723, the company pumped water from the Thames to reservoirs around Westminster through a network of hollow elm trunks. As London spread westwards, the former farmland to the west became increasingly populated, and the Thames became seriously polluted with sewage and animal carcasses. In 1852 Parliament banned water from being taken from the Thames downstream of Teddington, forcing the Chelsea Waterworks Company to move upstream to Seething Wells.

Since 1771, Battersea and Chelsea had been linked by the modest wooden Battersea Bridge. As London grew following the advent of the railways, Chelsea began to become congested, and in 1842 the Commission of Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues recommended the building of an embankment at Chelsea to free new land for development, and proposed the building of a new bridge downstream of Battersea Bridge and the replacement of Battersea Bridge with a more modern structure.

Battersea Park

In the early 1840s Thomas Cubitt and James Pennethorne had proposed a plan to use 150,000 tons of rocks and earth from the excavation of the Royal Victoria Dock to infill the marshy Battersea Fields and create a large public park to serve the growing population of Chelsea. In 1846 the Commissioners of Woods and Forests purchased the Red House Inn and  of surrounding land, and work began on the development that would become Battersea Park. It was expected that with the opening of the park the volume of cross river traffic would increase significantly, putting further strain on the dilapidated Battersea Bridge.

Consequently, in 1846 an Act of Parliament authorised the building of a new toll bridge on the site of an ancient ford exactly  downstream of Battersea Bridge. The approach road on the southern side was to run along the side of the new park, while that on the northern side was to run from Sloane Square, through the former Chelsea Waterworks site, to the new bridge. Although previous toll bridges in the area had been built and operated by private companies, the new bridge was to be built and operated by the government, under the control of the Metropolitan Improvement Commission, despite protests in Parliament from Radicals objecting to the Government profiting from a toll-paying bridge. It was intended that the bridge would be made toll-free once the costs of building it had been recouped.

Victoria Bridge (Old Chelsea Bridge)

Engineer Thomas Page was appointed to build the bridge, and presented the commission with several potential designs, including a seven-span stone bridge, a five-span cast iron arch bridge, and a suspension bridge. The Commission selected the suspension bridge design, and work began in 1851 on the new bridge, to be called the Victoria Bridge.

Design and construction

Page's design was typical of suspension bridges of the period, and consisted of a wrought iron deck and four  cast iron towers supporting chains, which in turn supported the weight of the deck. The towers rested on a pair of timber and cast iron piers. The towers passed through the deck, meaning that between the towers the road was  narrower than on the rest of the bridge. Although work had begun in 1851 delays in the closure of the Chelsea Waterworks, which only completed its relocation to Seething Wells in 1856, caused lengthy delays to the project, and the Edinburgh-made ironwork was only transported to the site in 1856.

Victoria Bridge was  long with a central span of , and the roadway was  wide with a  footpath on either side, making a total width of . Large lamps were set at the tops of the four towers, which were only to be lit when Queen Victoria was spending the night in London. The central span was inscribed with the date of construction and the words "Gloria Deo in Excelsis" ("Glory to God in the Highest"). It took seven years to build, at a total cost of £90,000 (about £ in ). The controversial tolls were collected from octagonal stone tollhouses at each end of the bridge.

As with the earlier construction of nearby Battersea Bridge, during excavations workers found large quantities of Roman and Celtic weapons and skeletons in the riverbed, leading many historians to conclude that the area was the site of Julius Caesar's crossing of the Thames during the 54 BC invasion of Britain. The most significant item found was the Celtic La Tène style bronze and enamel Battersea Shield, one of the most important pieces of Celtic military equipment found in Britain, recovered from the riverbed during dredging for the piers.

Opening

On 31 March 1858 Queen Victoria, accompanied by two of her daughters and en route to the formal opening of Battersea Park, crossed the new bridge and declared it officially open, naming it the Victoria Bridge; it was opened to the public three days later, on 3 April 1858. The design met with great critical acclaim, particularly from the Illustrated London News.

Shortly after its opening, concerns were raised about the bridge's safety. Following an inspection by John Hawkshaw and Edwin Clark in 1861, an additional support chain was added on each side. Despite the strengthening there were still concerns about its soundness, and a weight limit of 5 tons was imposed. At the same time, the name was changed from Victoria Bridge to Chelsea Bridge, as the government was concerned about the reliability of suspension bridges and did not want a potential collapse to be associated with the Queen.

Although reasonably well used, it was unpopular with the public, who objected to being obliged to pay tolls to use it. On 4 July 1857, almost a year before the bridge's opening, a demonstration against the tolls attracted 6,000 residents. Concerns were raised in Parliament that poorer industrial workers in Chelsea, which had no large parks of its own, would be unable to afford to use the new park in Battersea. Bowing to public pressure, shortly after the bridge opened Parliament declared it free to use for pedestrians on Sundays, and in 1875 it was also made toll-free on public holidays. Additionally, because the main lights were only turned on when Queen Victoria was staying in London, it was poorly used at night. Despite this, the new Battersea Park was extremely popular, particularly the sporting facilities; on 9 January 1864 the park staged the world's first official game of association football.

Abolition of tolls
In 1873 the privately owned Albert Bridge, between Chelsea and Battersea bridges, opened. Although Albert Bridge was not as successful as intended at luring customers from Chelsea Bridge and soon found itself in serious financial difficulties, it nonetheless caused a sharp drop in usage of Chelsea Bridge. In 1877 the Metropolis Toll Bridges Act was passed, which allowed the Metropolitan Board of Works (MBW) to buy all London bridges between Hammersmith and Waterloo bridges and free them from tolls. Ownership of Chelsea Bridge was transferred to the MBW in 1877 at a cost of £75,000 (about £ in ), and on 24 May 1879 Chelsea Bridge, Battersea Bridge and Albert Bridge were declared toll free by the Prince of Wales in a brief ceremony, after which a parade of Chelsea Pensioners marched across the bridge to Battersea Park.

By the early 20th century, Chelsea Bridge was in poor condition. It was unable to carry the increasing volume of traffic caused by the growth of London and the increasing popularity of the automobile; between 1914 and 1929 use of the bridge almost doubled from 6,500 to 12,600 vehicles per day. In addition, parts of its structure were beginning to work loose, and in 1922 the gilded finials on the towers had to be removed because of concerns that they would fall off. Architectural opinion had turned heavily against Victorian styles and Chelsea Bridge was now deeply unpopular with architects; former President of the Royal Institute of British Architects Reginald Blomfield spoke vehemently against its design in 1921, and there were few people supporting the preservation of the old bridge. In 1926 the Royal Commission on Cross-river Traffic recommended that Chelsea Bridge be rebuilt or replaced.

New Chelsea Bridge

In 1931 the London County Council (LCC) proposed demolishing Chelsea Bridge and replacing it with a modern six-lane bridge at a cost of £695,000 (about £ in ). Because of the economic crisis of the Great Depression the Ministry of Transport refused to fund the project and the LCC was unable to raise the funds elsewhere. However, in an effort to boost employment in the Battersea area, which had suffered badly in the depression, the Ministry of Transport agreed to underwrite 60% of the costs of a cheaper four-lane bridge costing £365,000 (about £ in ), on condition that all materials used in the building of the bridge be sourced from within the British Empire.

Design and construction

In 1934 a temporary footbridge which had previously been used during rebuilding works on Lambeth Bridge was moved into place alongside Chelsea Bridge, and demolition began. The new bridge, also called Chelsea Bridge, was designed by LCC architects G. Topham Forrest and E. P. Wheeler and built by Holloway Brothers (London). Much wider than the older bridge at  wide, it has a  wide roadway and two  wide pavements cantilevered out from the sides of the bridge. Uniquely in London, Chelsea Bridge is a self-anchored suspension bridge, the first of the type to be built in Britain. The horizontal stresses are absorbed by stiffening girders in the deck itself and the suspension cables are not anchored to the ground, relieving stress on the abutments which are built on soft and unstable London clay. The piers of the new bridge were built on the site of the old bridge's piers, and are built of concrete, faced with granite above the low-water point. Each side of the bridge has a single suspension cable, each made up of 37 -inch (23mm) diameter wire ropes bundled to form a hexagonal cable. As was agreed with the Ministry of Transport, all materials used in the bridge came from the British Empire; the steel came from Scotland and Yorkshire, the granite of the piers from Aberdeen and Cornwall, the timbers of the deck from British Columbia and the asphalt of the roadway from Trinidad.

Because the self-anchored structure relies on the roadway itself to absorb stresses, the suspension cables could not be installed until the roadway was built; however, until the cables were in place the roadway could not be supported. To resolve this problem, Topham had the roadway built in sections, supported on very tall barges. The barges were floated into place at low tide, and the rising tide was used to lift the sections above the height of the piers. As the tide ebbed, the roadway dropped into place.

The recently built Battersea Power Station then dominated most views of the area, so it was decided that the bridge's appearance was unimportant. Consequently, in contrast to the heavily ornamented 1858 bridge, the new bridge has a starkly utilitarian design and the only ornamentation consists of two ornamental lamp posts at each entrance. Each features a gilded galleon on top of a coat of arms. The outward facing sides of all four posts show the LCC coat of arms of the Lion of England, St George's Cross and the barry wavy lines representing the Thames; the inward faces on the south side show the dove of peace of the Metropolitan Borough of Battersea, that on the northwest corner shows the winged bull, lion, boars' heads and stag of the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea, and that on the northeast corner the portcullis and Tudor roses of the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster.

The new bridge was completed five months ahead of schedule and within the £365,000 budget. It was opened on 6 May 1937 by the Prime Minister of Canada, William Lyon Mackenzie King, who was in London for the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.

Temporary wartime bridge

Two years after the bridge's opening the Second World War broke out. Because of their close proximity to Chelsea Barracks it was expected that enemy bombers would target the three road bridges in the area, and a temporary bridge was built parallel to Chelsea Bridge. As with the four other temporary Thames bridges built in this period, it was built of steel girders supported by wooden stakes; however, despite its flimsy appearance it was a sturdy structure, capable of supporting tanks and other heavy military equipment. As it turned out, no enemy action took place in the area, and all three bridges survived the war undamaged. The temporary bridge was dismantled in 1945.

Motorcycle gangs

Beginning in the 1950s, Chelsea Bridge became a favourite meeting place for motorcyclists, who would race across the bridge on Friday nights. On 17 October 1970 a serious confrontation took place on Chelsea Bridge between the Essex and Chelsea chapters of the Hells Angels, and rival motorcycle gangs the Road Rats, Nightingales, Windsor Angels and Jokers. Around 50 people took part in the fight; weapons used included motorcycle chains, flick knives and at least one spiked flail. One member of the Jokers was shot with a sawn-off shotgun and fatally wounded, and 20 of those present were sentenced to between one and twelve years' imprisonment.

Present-day

In the 1970s Chelsea Bridge was painted bright red and white, prompting a number of complaints from Chelsea F.C. fans that Chelsea Bridge had been painted in Arsenal colours. In 2007 it was redecorated in a less controversial red, blue and white colour scheme. Chelsea Bridge is now floodlit from beneath at night and  of light-emitting diodes strung along the towers and suspension chains, intended to complement the illuminations of the nearby Albert Bridge. Although motorcyclists still meet on the bridge, following complaints from residents about the noise their racing has been curtailed.

Chelsea Bridge was declared a Grade II listed structure in 2008, providing protection to preserve its character from further alteration. Battersea Park still retains Cubitt and Pennethorne's original layout and features, including a riverfront promenade, a formal avenue through the centre of the park and multiple animal enclosures.

On the eastern side of the bridge, at the southern end, a major new residential development of 600 homes called Chelsea Bridge Wharf has been built, as part of long-term plans to regenerate the long-derelict former industrial sites around Battersea Power Station.

Battersea footbridge

To link the new developments around Battersea Power Station to Battersea Park, in 2004 a curved footbridge was built beneath the southern end of Chelsea Bridge. The footbridge was built offsite in four sections, transported by road to the King George V Dock where it was assembled, and the completed structure floated down the river and hoisted into position. It is planned that once the riverfront in the area has been opened to the public, following the completion of the rebuilding of Battersea Power Station into a commercial development, the new bridge will form part of the Thames Path. The new bridge curves out from the bank, overhanging the river bank by , and cost £600,000 to build.

See also
List of crossings of the River Thames
 List of bridges in London

Notes and references

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

Bridges completed in 1937
Bridges across the River Thames
Grade II listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Wandsworth
Rebuilt buildings and structures in the United Kingdom
Grade II listed bridges in London
Self-anchored suspension bridges
Transport in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Transport in the London Borough of Wandsworth
Former toll bridges in England
Bridge light displays

Chelsea Bridge


San Pedro y san Pablo, o Los apóstoles Pedro y Pablo es la temática de dos cuadros del Greco, uno de ellos actualmente en el Museo del Hermitage, y el otro en el Museo Nacional de Suecia.

Introducción
Según el profesor e historiador del arte Harold Wethey, han llegado hasta nuestros días tres obras del Greco, sobre esta temática, que conforman dos tipologías distintas. El lienzo San Pedro y San Pablo (El Greco, MNAC) conforma el Tipo-I, mientras que las otras dos pinturas integran el Tipo-II, y se distinguen por las siguientes características:

 San Pablo apoya su mano izquierda sobre un libro.
 Los dos apóstoles están representados delante de un fondo neutro, con un elemento vertical.
Los dos apóstoles representados, Pedro, a quien le identifica el rasgo propio en su iconografía, la llave en su mano izquierda, y Pablo, quien sujeta un libro abierto, como señal de sus cartas escritas a las comunidades cristianas, se encuentran separados por un elemento arquitectónico rectangular, tal vez una columna. Ambos manifiestan un estado anímico diferente, más pasivo en Pedro, más dinámico en Pablo, mostrando un estudio psicológico por parte del pintor hacia los protagonistas del lienzo.

Análisis de las obras

Versión del Museo del Hermitage

Datos técnicos y registrales
 San Petersburgo, Museo del Hermitage, Inventory Number: ГЭ-390;
 Pintura al óleo sobre lienzo;
 Dimensiones: 121 x 105 cm, según Wethey (121,5 x 105 cm, según el Museo);
 Fecha de realización: 1610 ca,. según Wethey (entre 1587 y 1592, según el Museo);
 Consta en el catálogo razonado de Wethey con la referencia 278 y por Tiziana Frati le asigna el nº.136-b;
Restos de una firma, con letras griegas en cursiva, en el borde del libro cerrado: δομήνικος θεοτοκóπουλος ε'ποíει.

Descripción de la obra
La antigua Unión Soviética emitió un sello con la imagen de este cuadro.

San Pablo, con barba negra, porta un manto rojizo-anaranjado, y señala una inscripción del libro abierto con el dedo índice de su mano izquierda. San Pedro, con barba blanca, lleva paños amarillos que son verdes en las sombras, procedimiento característico de las obras tardías del maestro cretense.

Procedencia
 General P. P. Durnowo, Leningrado;
 Adquirido por el Museo en 1911.

Versión del Museo Nacional de Suecia

Datos técnicos y registrales

 Estocolmo, Museo Nacional de Suecia, Inventory No.NM 3077;
 Pintura al óleo sobre lienzo;
 Dimensiones: 123 x 92 cm, según Wethey (124 x 93,5 cm, según el Museo);
 Fecha de realización: 1605-1608 ca.;
 Consta en el catálogo razonado de Wethey con la referencia 277, y Tiziana Frati le asigna el nº.136-a;

Descripción de la obra
No está datado, pero un grabado de Diego de Astor de 1608 proporciona una fecha ante quem. En el mencionado grabado aparece la firma δομήνικος θεοτοκóπουλος sobre los bordes de la página del libro cerrado, lo cual indica que el lienzo del Greco fue recortado en el lado derecho. La mesa marrón y el libro abierto fueron algo repintados, y se repararon algunas roturas de los paños y de la mano derecha de San Pablo.

Procedencia
 Vizcondesa de San Javier, Madrid;
 Marqués de Perinat, Madrid.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Gudiol, José (1982). Doménikos Theotokópoulos, El Greco, 1541-1614. Barcelona. Ediciones Polígrafa, 1982 (edición original 1971). ISBN 84-343-0031-1;
 Martínez Burgos, Palma (2014). El Greco; Madrid. Editorial Libsa. ISBN 978-84-662-2757-5;
 Frati, Tiziana. (1970). La obra pictórica completa de El Greco. Barcelona: Noguer;
 Wethey, Harold E. (1967). El Greco y su Escuela (Volumen II). Madrid: Guadarrama.

Obras y cuadros del Greco
Cuadros de los años 1580
Cuadros de los años 1590
Colecciones del Museo del Hermitage
Pinturas representando a San Pedro
Pinturas representando a San Pablo
Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Estocolmo

San Pedro y san Pablo (El Greco, Hermitage)


A Indexação por Semântica Latente, conhecida como LSI, do inglês Latent Semantic Indexing, é uma forma de redução de dimensionalidade aplicada a matriz de termo documentos de um sistema de recuperação da informação ou de mineração de texto.

Ela é feita por meio do algoritmo SVD, Decomposição em valores singulares, onde após obtida a matriz de valores singulares, é feito um corte na matrizes, obtendo-se uma matriz menor e muito mais densa.

Recuperação de informação

Indexação por Semântica Latente


Pierre Lezin Urbain Boreau de La Besnardière ( - ), est un homme politique français, né et mort à Champtocé-sur-Loire, où il a assuré les fonctions de maire à Angers.

Biographie

En tant que négociant, associé à son cousin Faultrier de la Clergerie, il devient fournisseur de la Marine, avant la Révolution française.
Né et mort à Angers, il se marie en 1795 à Bordeaux, avec Marie Doazan. Le couple aura une fille, Raymonde.

Carrière

Pierre Lezin Urbain  Boreau de La Besnardière est maire d'Angers de 1808 à 1813.

En savoir plus

Articles connexes
 Liste des maires d'Angers

Liens externes

Notes et références

Maire d'Angers
Décès à Angers
Naissance en mai 1760
Décès en juillet 1823
Décès à 63 ans

Urbain-Lézin Boreau de la Besnardière


Dodurga, Sinop ilinin Boyabat ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1487 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır. Daha önceleri Durağan ilçesine bağlıyken, 5 Aralık 1955'te Boyabat ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 113 km, Boyabat ilçe merkezine ise 23 km uzaklıktadır. Köy sınırlarında bir su değirmeni bulunur.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Boyabat belde ve köyleri

Dodurga, Boyabat


Friuli-Venezia Giulia İtalya Anayasası ile kısmi bölgesel özerklik verilmiş 20 bölgesinden birisidir. Bölgenin merkezi Trieste şehridir.

Coğrafya

Friuli-Venezia Giulia bölgesi İtalya'nın kuzeydoğusunda yer alır. Friuli-Venezia Giulia bölgesi,  Veneto Bolgesi, Avusturya ve Slovenya ile çevrili olup güneyinde Adriyatik Denizi yer alır. Sahillerinin uzunluğu 111.7 km dir. 7.845 km² yüzöçümünde 219 beldeye sahiptir.

Demografi

Bölgenin nüfusu (30.6.2010 itibarıyla) 1.234.679 kişidir. II. Dünya Savaşından sonra kurulan bölgede 4 şehir bulunmaktadır.

Bölgede İtalyancadan ayrı olarak Friulian dili Friulian Language bölgede boydan boya konuşulur. Aynı zamanda oldukça büyük Sloven ve küçük Alman azınlığı vardır. Slovence Trieste ili ve Gorizia ili doğu kısımlarında; Resia vadisinde ve Torre nehrinin yukarı vadisinde
ve Natisone Udine ilinde, İtalyan ve Slovak isimlerinin bulunduğu pek çok köyde konuşulur. Friuli-Venezia Guilia da Almanca konuşanların sayısı yaklaşık 2,000 olarak tahmin edilir. Onlar kanal vadisinde yaşarlar. 2006 ya göre, İtalyan Ulusal İstatistik Enstitüsü 58,915 yabancı doğumlu göçmenin Friuli-Venezia Giulia da yaşadığını tahmin etmiş olup bu toplam bölge nüfusunun % 4.9'u dur.

Bölgenin illeri ve şehirleri

7.845 km² yüz ölçümünde 219 beldeye sahiptir. Friuli-Venezia Giulia dört ile ayrılır:

Bölgede (30.6.2010 itibarıyla) nüfusu 20.000 den fazla olan 6 şehir bulunmaktadır:

Tarihçe
İsim, Cividale kasabasının Latince adından gelmektedir. Lombard Dükalığı'nın eski başşehridir. "Forum lulii" (Jül'ün forumu) sonra Julius Caeser olarak isimlendirildi. Bu suni(yapay) bölge II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra problemi çözmek için yaratıldı. Çünkü tabii arka bahçesini kaybetmişti. Venezia Giulia'nın büyük bir parçası Yugoslavya'da kalıyordu. Bundan dolayı Friuli'nin tarihsel bölgesinin Trieste'de toplanmasına karar verildi.

Politika
Silvio Berlusconi, 2006 İtalyan Genel Seçimleri'nde Friuli-Venezia Giulia 'nın oylarının % 54 ünü elde etti. Bölgenin yerel hükûmeti, ortanın solundadır.

Ekonomi
Tarımcılık, hububat, üzüm ve şeker pancarı verir. Sığır yetiştiriciliği önemlidir.

Endüstri, Trieste ve Monfalcone'deki tersaneciliğe, Pozzolo del Friuli'nin çelik fabrikalarına dayanır. Bağcılıktan şarap ve grappa likoru elde edilir. Mobilya üretimi Manzano ve Brugnera da yoğunlaşır.

Resimler

Friuli-Venezia Giulia</div>

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Friuli-Venezia Giulia özerk bölgesinin resmi websitesi
 Bölge hakkinda bilgi
 Friuli Venezia Giulia için resmi turizm rehberi
 Friuli Meteoroloji gozlemleri

Friuli-Venezia Giulia


نادي المريخ الرياضي المعروف أيضا تحت اسم مريخ الأبيض هو نادي كرة قدم أساسي في السودان مقره في مدينة الأبيض.

المراجع

أندية كرة قدم في السودان

نادي المريخ (الأبيض)


O reacție pericilice este un tip de reacție organică concertată, în care există o stare de tranziție ciclică conjugată. Cele mai multe reacții periciclice sunt transpozițiile și adițiile.

Tipuri
Principalele tipuri de reacții periciclice sunt prezentate în tabelul următor (în bold cele mai importante și/sau comune).

Vezi și
 Reacție concertată

Referințe

P
Mecanisme de reacție

Reacție periciclică