The Toronto Zoo is a zoo located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Encompassing , the Toronto Zoo is the largest zoo in Canada. It is divided into seven zoogeographic regions: Indo-Malaya, Africa, Americas, Tundra Trek, Australasia, Eurasia, and the Canadian Domain. Some animals are displayed indoors in pavilions and outdoors in what would be their naturalistic environments, with viewing at many levels. It also has areas such as the Kids Zoo, Waterside Theatre, and Splash Island. It has one of the most taxonomically diverse collection of animals on display of any zoo worldwide; it is currently home to over 5,000 animals (including invertebrates and fish) representing over 500 species. The zoo is open to the public every day of the year except December 25.

The zoo is a corporation owned by the municipal government of Toronto. Founded by Hugh A. Crothers  and business partner, John Cameron Egan, who became the first Chairman of the Metro Toronto Zoological Society in 1966, the zoo opened on August 15, 1974, as the Metropolitan Toronto Zoo. The word "Metropolitan" was dropped from its name when the individual municipalities that make up the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was amalgamated into the current city in 1998. The zoo is located near the Rouge River on the western border of Rouge Park in the city's east end district of Scarborough.

History

Predecessor
Around 1880, businessman Harry L. Piper (1839–1921) established a Zoological and Acclimatization Society (also as Toronto Zoological Garden) and open a zoological garden at Old Post Office Lane at Toronto Street north of King Street East, then in 1881 to a lot at Front Street and York Street next to the Queen's Hotel and finally to the eastern end of the Exhibition Grounds in 1885. Piper was also Alderman for St. John's Ward from 1877 to 1880 and 1883 to 1888.

In 1888, the Riverdale Zoo opened in Toronto, as a typical example of a zoo during this time, with animals displayed as curiosities in dark cages and cramped enclosures. Animals for Piper's zoo moved to this site.

In 1963, a private citizen's brief to build a new zoo was introduced by Hugh Crothers to the Chairman of the Council of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto, William Allen. Allen asked Crothers to head up a committee to investigate the feasibility of a new zoo. By 1966, a group of eleven people became The Metro Toronto Zoological Society with Crothers as the first chairman.

Original plans were to have the park be located in the Leaside area, but the site was later used to create the E.T. Seton Park and the Ontario Science Centre. In 1966, Mr. Crothers and the 10 other citizens met at City Hall to form the Metropolitan Toronto Zoological Society. In 1967, the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto approved the Rouge Park site in Scarborough for a new zoo. The following year, a feasibility study on the new zoo was produced by architect Raymond Moriyama. In 1969, a master plan was created by Johnson Sustronk Weinstein and Associates that was approved by the Zoological Society. Construction of the new zoo began in 1970. On August 15, 1974, the Metropolitan Toronto Zoo was open to the public. The zoo increased from the original Riverdale Zoo's  to , and is now one of the largest zoos in the world. The Zoo introduced some designs to enhance the public's viewing experience and the animals' living comfort. Animals were displayed in naturalized environments and grouped according to their zoogeographic region. The old zoo was converted into an urban farm called Riverdale Farm, which opened in 1978.

Since opening

In 1976, the Zoo opened the Canadian Domain Ride, a monorail-like automated guideway transit service that travelled into the Zoo's Canadian Domain area, located in the Rouge Valley. The rides operations were placed on hold in July 1994 after an accident. The monorail has since been mothballed with many sections becoming overgrown with vegetation. A 2009 study determined it would cost upwards of $800,000 to return the infrastructure to use and upgrade it to current standards. A fundraising drive was started in 2010 and has since raised $1.15 million. In the interim, the current Zoomobile uses five (4-car set) Chance Coach Sunliner trams.

Between 1980 and 1984, several new exhibits were added to the zoo, including snow leopards, gaur, a children's zoo (Littlefootland), and a new indoor habitat for African elephants, and the Indian Rhinoceros Pavilion, as well as the official opening of the Zoomobile.

In 1985, Qing Qing and Quan Quan – a pair of giant pandas, on loan for three months from the People's Republic of China, were displayed at the Zoo. The Zoo broke all previous attendance records as thousands of visitors came to see these rare animals. Over the years, the Zoo has presented other rare or unusual animals, including golden monkeys (1986), koalas (1988, 1996, 2002), Tasmanian devils (the late 1970s until 1998), and white lions (1995, 2012 onwards).

In 1987, the zoo rebranded the South American Waterfall area as the Maya Temple Ruin exhibits, featuring some architectural decor. Animals such as capybaras, jaguars and spider monkeys remained while llamas and similar animals were relocated. In 1988, the zoo completed new reptile exhibits in the Australasia Pavilion, the spotted-necked otter exhibit in the Africa Pavilion, and the Primate Wing in the Americas Pavilion.

The Malayan Woods Pavilion opened in 1983. The Sumatran tigers arrived in 1994. Naked mole-rats went on exhibit in 1996. Komodo dragons become a feature exhibit in 1997.

In 1997, zoo workers went on strike for nine weeks, however, the zoo remained open. After the strike, they signed a minimum compliment contract.

In 1998, with the amalgamation of the individual municipalities that made up Metro Toronto, the Zoo was officially renamed the Toronto Zoo. That same year, the Zoo opened the Africa Savanna, the largest expansion in its history.

2000s
In 2001, the zoo remodeled half of the Africa Pavilion into the Gorilla Rainforest, featuring the world's largest indoor habitat for western lowland gorillas, as well as a giant fish tank for Lake Malawi cichlids. The zoo's Splash Island, an educationally themed water play area, opened in 2002. This was followed by an open-air amphitheatre in 2003 and the Kids Zoo in 2004.

While the SARS outbreak in 2003 had a devastating effect on the tourism industry in Toronto, the Zoo fared well with local residents supporting the zoo by visiting often. The Zoo's attendance has recovered well with many record-breaking annual attendance numbers since then, with the exception of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In November 2006, the Toronto Zoo temporarily closed the Australasia Pavilion for redevelopment. The pavilion underwent two years of construction, resulting in new exhibits including a Great Barrier Reef area in the location of the former Edge of Night area. The Great Barrier Reef exhibit consists of a large  long community tank featuring brownbanded bamboo sharks, damselfish, and triggerfish. Lionfish were also added, as well as enlarged seahorse tanks, sea anemones and moon jellyfish. The exhibit opened on May 16, 2008, alongside the reopening of the Australasia Pavilion.

In May 2007, Dinosaurs Alive opened, which featured 18 animated dinosaur models and life-size skeleton replicas. It featured the largest T-Rex model in North America. This exhibit was enjoyed by over 600,000 visitors and was included with zoo admission. The exhibit closed in October 2007. On August 21, 2007, the polar bear, llama, Dall sheep and mara exhibits were closed for the construction of the new  Tundra Trek area. Tundra Trek featured new exhibits for the polar bears, reindeer, and Arctic wolves, as well as new additions to the zoo, such as Arctic foxes, snow geese and snowy owls. Returning to the zoo to take up residence in the new polar bear exhibit were three orphaned polar bears initially raised at the zoo and named by the community: Aurora, Nikita, and Inukshuk. The Tundra Trek opened on August 1, 2009.

On May 16, 2008, Stingray Bay opened for the first time. This interactive exhibit allowed the public to touch, feel, and feed live stingrays. The exhibit returned to the zoo on a regular basis but closed permanently on October 8, 2012, to make room for the Giant Panda Research Center. In September 2008, the Toronto Zoo Board approved a motion to dissolve the Toronto Zoo Foundation and bring fundraising and development in-house. All parties agreed to the transfer of existing donor funds to the Toronto Community Foundation.

On August 15, 2009, the Toronto Zoo celebrated its 35-year anniversary. During that weekend, the public got to learn about some of the zoo's oldest residents, including Marg the demoiselle crane and Monty the West African dwarf crocodile. On September 9, 2009, the south side of the African Rainforest Pavilion was closed for construction. The pavilion opened in early 2011, with new exhibits for pygmy hippos, red river hogs, an African softshell turtle, and ring-tailed lemurs replacing the mandrills, as well as a variety of exhibits for fish and reptiles.

2010s

The Frank Schofield Memorial/Asian Gardens opened the first phase in June 2010, and includes a statue erected in Schofield's honour.

On May 21, 2011, the black-footed penguin exhibit opened to the public. This exhibit once housed South African fur seals and was closed in 2010 and modified to house the black-footed penguins. In 2011, the city started looking at the process of selling the zoo to a third party after Toronto Mayor Rob Ford claimed there were many interested buyers. This process was short-lived with the city later deciding the zoo will remain an entity of the city.

In April 2012, the zoo lost its accreditation in the Association of Zoos and Aquariums due to a disagreement regarding sending its three elephants to PAWS, an animal sanctuary in California that is not AZA-accredited. The zoo began looking for a new accredited home for its elephants in October 2011, but the Toronto city council voted to send the elephants to California instead, ignoring the recommendations of the zoo's professional staff. The zoo re-applied for AZA accreditation in March 2013, and they later returned to the AZA program. The three elephants were transported to the PAWS sanctuary in California on October 16, 2013.

In 2012, on a trade mission to China, it was announced that the Toronto Zoo and the Calgary Zoo would be lent two giant pandas from China for the span of ten years, with the pandas splitting the time equally between the two facilities. The pandas, named Er Shun and Da Mao, arrived at the Toronto Zoo on Monday, March 25, 2013, greeted by prime minister Stephen Harper. Their exhibit opened on May 18, 2013. The pandas originated from the Chongqing Zoo and Chengdu Panda Base. In October 2015, Er Shun gave birth to twin cubs named Jia Panpan and Jia Yueyue. The exhibit closed on March 18, 2018, when the pandas were moved to the Calgary Zoo.

In December 2014, the renovated Eurasia area, renamed the Eurasia Wilds, opened, featuring a new aviary with Eurasian eagle-owls and Steller's sea eagles and a new exhibit for the snow leopards.

In April 2016, plans to install a maglev operation to replace the Zoo Domain Ride surfaced. Plans have been confirmed in November 2018 with the consortium (which includes Magna International and Lockheed Martin) paying for construction and the first 15 years of operation.

On May 11, 2017, over 400 employees went on strike, and zoo management decided to close the zoo, due to job security negotiations falling out, though conservation programs continued. During the strike, three snow leopard cubs, two clouded leopard cubs, five cheetah cubs, and three Vancouver Island marmot pups were born. The strike ended on June 15, 2017, after the Union and Zoo Board of Management signed and ratified a four-year agreement.

In December 2019, the zoo opened an after-hours night walk experience called Terra Lumina, in partnership with Montréal-based company Moment Factory. The experience is designed as a hypothetical look into the year 2099, showing positive change having occurred in the world as humanity made changes in the decades between now and then to respect and live in harmony with wildlife, with strong indigenous influences. The experience closed early on March 14, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and resumed on August 14, 2020.

2020s

The Toronto Zoo closed to all visitors starting March 14, 2020, due to concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic. Essential zoo staff remained on-site during the closure to continue caring for the animals. During this closure, a Masai giraffe calf was born. The zoo reopened as a drive-through experience beginning May 23, 2020, and began re-admitting walkthrough guests beginning July 4, 2020, with the drive-through experience continuing to run until October 5, 2020. The zoo closed to visitors once again starting November 23, 2020, due to the second lockdown of the Greater Toronto Area, and reopened June 12, 2021.
The zoo implemented a mandatory COVID-19 vaccine policy starting October 25, 2021, which requires all staff and visitors aged 12 years and older to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 and to show their proof-of-vaccination documents in order to enter the entire Zoo grounds. The zoo closed for a third time on January 5, 2022, due to growing concerns around the COVID-19 Omicron variant, and reopened on February 10, 2022.

In June 2023, the zoo opened an outdoor habitat for the Sumatran orangutans, marking the first time at the zoo the species would be viewable outside of the Indo-Malaya Pavilion.

Exhibits

The Toronto Zoo is divided up into seven different geographic regions. Each region showcases animals and plants from that area of the world.

Indo-Malaya

The Indo-Malayan area contains an outdoor area, as well as a pavilion that exhibits plants and animals from South and Southeast Asia. Featured animals in this area include Indian rhinoceroses, babirusas, Sumatran orangutans, great hornbills, false gharials, reticulated pythons, Sumatran tigers, and white-handed gibbons.

Indo-Malaya also once featured a second pavilion known as the Malayan Woods Pavilion, featuring clouded leopards and a walkthrough butterfly house. The Malayan Woods Pavilion was permanently closed in 2020.

In 2023, the zoo completed construction on a large outdoor orangutan exhibit that allowed for further study of orangutan social behaviours.

Africa

Opened in 1998, the African Savanna became the zoo's largest expansion in history. The African Savanna combined with the African Rainforest Pavilion encompasses most of the southern third of the zoo. The African Savanna featured species include white lions, Grévy's zebras, olive baboons, greater kudus, cheetahs, white rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, spotted hyenas, watusi cattle, warthogs, elands, African penguins and Masai giraffes. The African Rainforest Pavilion holds the world's largest indoor gorilla exhibit, home to Charles, as well as dozens of other African species, including meerkats, red river hogs, dwarf crocodiles, and pygmy hippopotamuses. The south side of the pavilion was completely refurbished in 2011 and showcases ring-tailed lemurs and Aldabra giant tortoises.

Canadian Domain

The Canadian Domain is situated in the Rouge Valley. The Canadian Domain was built in accompaniment with the Canadian Domain Ride, which exhibited North American animals in their native environment. Featured species in this area include wood bison, moose, bald eagles, raccoons, and grizzly bears.

Americas

This area of the zoo houses animals from both North and South America. The Americas Pavilion displays a wide variety of New World monkeys, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and insects. Some of its most popular residents are the white-faced sakis, golden lion tamarins, two-toed sloths, American alligators, black-footed ferrets, and river otters. The Mayan Temple Ruins features jaguars, capybaras, blue-and-yellow macaws, and American flamingos.

Tundra Trek

The Tundra Trek opened in 2009, taking over land that used to feature several Americas exhibits. This area became the sixth region of the zoo, and showcases a variety of Arctic animals including porcupine caribou, polar bears, snow geese, and Arctic wolves. The new state-of-the-art exhibits are larger in order to encourage breeding. Educational theming emphasizes the lives of the Inuit and the effects of climate change.

Australasia

The Australasia Pavilion features animals from the Australian mainland, as well as surrounding islands. Featured species in this area include Western grey kangaroos, red-necked wallabies, short-beaked echidnas, southern hairy-nosed wombats, kookaburras, Victoria crowned pigeons, Fly River turtles, and Komodo dragons. The Komodo dragons were donated to the zoo as a gift from the President of Indonesia. This pavilion once had an "Edge of Night" section to highlight crepuscular and nocturnal marsupials, but this was later converted into the Great Barrier Reef exhibit featuring pot-bellied seahorses, moon jellyfish, lionfish, clown triggerfish, and a  long community tank.

Eurasia Wilds

Often regarded as the oldest part of the zoo, Eurasia received a large overhaul in 2014. The featured species in this section of the zoo are snow leopards, Amur tigers, West Caucasian tur, mouflon, red pandas, and Bactrian camels. With the area's redesign to the Eurasia Wilds Steller's sea eagles were added; while several other species are now only viewable from the Zoomobile, including lion-tailed macaques, yak, and the herd of Przewalski's horses. Previously, the Eurasian section has held other species, such as Scimitar-horned oryx, Wisent, dholes, and Eurasian eagle-owls.

From May 18, 2013, to March 18, 2018, the area included two giant pandas: Er Shun (female) and Da Mao (male). With the pandas' arrival, the zoo has refurbished its seasonal attraction area into an extensive educational centre – the Giant Panda Interpretive Centre. In 2014, after her first estrus, Er Shun was artificially inseminated – the first such procedure performed on a panda in Canada. No baby was born in 2014 and it was believed that Er Shun experienced a pseudopregnancy, a phenomenon common in giant pandas. In 2015, Er Shun was again artificially inseminated, resulting in the first birth of giant pandas in Canada. Twin cubs, one male (later named "Jia Panpan" indicating "Canadian Hope") and one female ("Jia Yueyue" indicating "Canadian Joy"), were born on October 13, 2015. The cubs were raised by Er Shun, with "twin swapping" occurring through the first four months of their lives until they were large and healthy enough that zoo staff were confident of their survival.

Discovery Zone
The Discovery Zone is geared towards children by featuring educational themes and exhibits. The most prominent area is a children's water park, Splash Island, which features landscaping and themed objects depicting the three states of water. Exhibits are grouped around variously themed groups of aquatic animals, including rivers, lakes, and oceans. Waterside Theatre is an open-air enclosure where live demonstrations of a variety of animals are shown, including goats, grey crowned cranes, ravens, macaws, and ground hornbills. A third area, the Kids Zoo, consists of a variety of animals that children can interact with, such as ferrets, skunks, and Eurasian eagle owls. The Discovery Zone also hosted Dinosaurs Alive and the Stingray Bay exhibit for their respective durations.

Conservation
The Toronto Zoo makes considerable effort to conserve endangered species from around the world with the help of other accredited zoos. Captive breeding is often considered one of the most difficult and elusive rewards of captive animal care, but the Toronto Zoo's efforts have been met with much success, and even resulted in the re-introduction of many species.

Some of the conservation initiatives that the Toronto Zoo has participated in are as follows:
The Toronto Zoo was the first zoo to establish a captive-breeding program for black-footed ferrets with the goal of releasing them back into their wild habitat and, after years of successful breeding, had released more than 120 animals by 2011. This included re-introducing the ferrets, which had been extinct in the wild, to Saskatchewan's Grasslands National Park beginning in 2009.
The zoo has rescued orphaned polar bears from the wild: two in 2001, later named Aurora and Nikita and one in 2003, later named Inukshuk after the Inuit wayfinding landmark.
In 2008, the Toronto Zoo participated in 2008 Year of the Frog, where researchers were sent to study a deadly fungus causing problems to amphibians and reptiles worldwide.
The Toronto Zoo has acted and continues to act in the captive breeding, and re-introduction into the wild of critically endangered and otherwise threatened Canadian species, including the Vancouver Island marmot, loggerhead shrike, and Blanding's turtle, as well as Great Lakes fishes. The zoo also runs a program for habitat preservation within the Great Lakes Region, focusing on the protection of endemic species of freshwater mussels. In the past, the zoo contributed heavily to increasing the numbers of threatened species, including the wood bison and the trumpeter swan.
The Toronto Zoo has actively contributed to international conservation efforts and reintroduction programs, including for the Puerto Rican crested toad, and for fish in the African Great Lakes (including the Singidia tilapia, or ngege).
The zoo has bred additional rare Ontario species such as the redside dace and eastern massasauga rattlesnake.
One zoo staff member has been key in preservation of critically endangered Malagasy freshwater fish species, both at the zoo and in Madagascar.

The Toronto Zoo has been collecting and recycling cell phones since 2006. In 2010, it was awarded the distinction of being the top cell phone recycler out of the Eco-Cell's 175 participating wildlife organizations in North America. Other participating wildlife organizations include the San Diego Zoo and the Philadelphia Zoo. Coltan is a mineral ore mined and refined in central Africa for metals used in the electronics industry. This unregulated mining industry has a dramatic impact on the region's biodiversity. Recycling cell phones helps to preserve the critical Lowland gorilla rainforest habitat in Africa by decreasing the demand for these minerals. This is of particular interest to the Toronto Zoo as its gorilla habitat has expanded with the addition of a newly born baby gorilla. The Toronto Zoo's cell phone recycling program is composed of two parts: Retrocell is the zoo's official cell phone refurbisher and the Ontario Electronic Stewardship Program processes the remainder of the phones that are collected by the Toronto Zoo.

In addition, the Toronto Zoo also participates in, and has been a key centre for, the Species Survival Plans of dozens of species, maintaining healthy captive populations of animals which may one-day be re-introduced to their former homes. Some notable SSP species the zoo has successfully bred over the years include the western lowland gorilla, Sumatran orangutan, golden lion tamarin, Sumatran tiger, Amur tiger, snow leopard, cheetah, Przewalski's horse, Indian rhinoceros, Matschie's tree-kangaroo, African penguin, and Komodo dragon. The Toronto Zoo has bred hundreds of species, with many of these breedings being firsts for Canada, North America, and even the world.

Notable births
In 2003, a Komodo dragon was hatched for the first time in Canada.
In 2004, two female West African dwarf crocodiles successfully hatched on October 1, the first hatching of this species in Canada.

Three Sumatran tigers were born at the zoo to parents Brytne and Rengat in 2003, and two more were born in 2006.

In 2006, three orangutans were born and named Jingga, Kembali, and Budi through a TVOKids naming contest.

In 2006, a Matschie's tree kangaroo was born, one of three born in North America in 2006. Later named Noru, it was sent to the Lincoln Zoo, and was paired with a mate named Milla who gave birth to twins – a first for this species.

On June 5, 2007, two rare snow leopards were born, the first birth in thirteen years. Another snow leopard was born in 2009, alongside three more in 2017.

Two Przewalski's horses, one male and one female, were born on June 22, 2007, the first birth in fifteen years. The zoo also successfully bred Przewalski's horses in 2008, 2009 and 2020.

The zoo has also been very successful in breeding Bactrian camels, the most recent birth coming in 2018.

In July 2015 two wood bison calves were born as the result of artificial insemination using frozen-thawed sperm that had been collected from a male wood bison in Elk Island, Alberta, in 1980.

Through the weekend of September 26–27, 2015, the zoo's white lioness Makali gave birth to four cubs: the first pure-bred white lions born at the Toronto Zoo.

On October 13, 2015, Er Shun, the visiting female giant panda, gave birth to two cubs. This was the first successful reproduction of giant pandas in Canada. A male, later named Jia Panpan, was born at 3:31 AM with a weight , while the other, a female, later named Jia Yueyue, was born at 3:44 AM and weighed 115 g. Their sexes were unknown during the first few months of their lives, being determined in February 2016. The cubs were kept off display until the age of 5 months. In March 2016, the cubs were given the names Jia Panpan and Jia Yueyue to signify Canadian hope and Canadian joy, respectively, and revealed to the public before the March Break of that year.

On Remembrance Day (November 11) of 2015, a female polar bear named Juno was born to mother, Aurora.

On February 17, 2016, 11-year-old Indian rhinoceros Ashakiran, on loan from the Los Angeles Zoo, gave birth to a male named Nandu. With fewer than 3,555 left in the wild, Indian rhinos are classified as a vulnerable species.

In May 2017, the Toronto Zoo had its first births of clouded leopards to mom, Parvati, and dad, Mingma.

On July 17, 2017, a wood bison calf was born at the Toronto Zoo as a result of embryo transfer from a bison at the University of Saskatchewan.

On May 1, 2021, three Amur tiger cubs were born to mom, Mayzira, with one surviving.

Scientific contributions
The Toronto Zoo has conducted extensive reproduction research on wood bison (Bison bison athabascae), in an effort to find means of supporting wild populations in northwestern Canada which may be reproductively compromised due to disease. In July 2015, two wood bison calves were born as the result of artificial insemination using frozen-thawed sperm that had been collected from a male wood bison in Elk Island, Alberta, in 1980. On July 17, 2017, a wood bison calf was born at the Toronto Zoo as a result of embryo transfer from a bison at the University of Saskatchewan.

Controversies
On November 30, 2009, Tara, the zoo's largest African elephant, died. She was found lying down when staff arrived in the morning and was unable to be raised to her feet. Tara was the third elephant in 14 months to die at the zoo and fourth in three years.

Elephant deaths preceding Tara's:
June 2009: Tessa, knocked to the ground by another elephant, unable to stand unassisted after being raised to her feet by staff and equipment.
September 2008: Tequila, cause of death not released.
July 2006: Patsy, euthanized due to long-term degenerative arthritis

In the days following Tara's death, both Zoocheck Canada and U.S.-based In Defence of Animals, as well as game show host Bob Barker, called for the zoo to close the exhibit and send the remaining three elephants to a sanctuary. Toronto City Council endorsed this highly controversial decision. In September 2013, plans were finalized to move Toka, Thika and Iringa to a sanctuary in California in October 2013. The three elephants were transported on land during a 50-hour-long drive with stopovers. Iringa died on July 22, 2015, at the sanctuary in California.

Media
Zoo Diaries was a Canadian documentary television series which aired on Life Network. Its focus was on the relationship between the animals and their keepers, allowing viewers to experience what it is like to bond with some of the world's most exotic creatures. There have been 74 episodes produced since 2000 by DocuTainment Productions. The first two seasons of the show were also released on DVD/VHS.
Undercover Boss Canada took place in 2011 and was filmed at the Toronto Zoo with the CEO.
Rick Mercer Report featured Canadian comedian Rick Mercer at the Toronto Zoo in 2008 and early 2016 with Mercer visiting the pandas.
Multiple YouTube videos released by the zoo have gone viral, being shared by news agencies and social media sites to millions of viewers around the world. Notably, videos of visiting giant panda Da Mao have received significant attention.
 The Zoo began releasing the Wild for Life podcast in early 2019 sharing interviews with staff on the behind-the-scenes conservation, animal care and research work done by the facility.

See also

 Fauna of Toronto
Other Toronto zoos and animal exhibits:
 Centreville Amusement Park – Far Enough Farm, a livestock zoo, on Toronto Islands
 High Park Zoo – small zoo in High Park run by donations
 Riverdale Farm – livestock zoo on site of former Toronto Zoo

References

External links

Zoos in Ontario
Culture of Toronto
Metro Toronto Zoo
Scarborough, Toronto
Tourist attractions in Toronto
Zoos established in 1974
Companies owned by municipalities of Canada
1974 establishments in Ontario
Zoos in Canada

Toronto Zoo


යටත් විජිත පරිවර්තන සහ එහි ප්‍රතිපල
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව 1505 සිට 1948 දක්වා බටහිර විජිථවාදීන්ට යටත් විය.පළමුව පෘතුග්‍රීසීන් පිලිවෙලින් ලංදෙසීන් ඉංග්‍රීසින් ලංකාව ග්‍රහණයට හසු විය.මේ ජාතින් අතර ඉංග්‍රීසින් ප්‍රබල බලපැමක් කරන ලදී .ඔවුන් 1796 සිට 1815 දක්වා ලංකාවේ මුහුදුබඩ පළාත් පාලනය කළහ .1815 සිට මුළු ලංකාවම තම පාලනයේ අණසකට නතු කරගත්හ . එතැන් පටන් බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයින් විසින් හදුන්ව දෙන ලද ප්‍රතිපත්ති  ලංකාට බලපෑමක් කර තිබේ.

විජිතකාරක රාජ්‍ය යටත් විජිතවල විජිත රාජ්‍යයක් ගොඩනගන්නේ සහ යම් යම් සමාජ,ආර්ථික,දේශපාලන සහ පරිපාලන ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ හදුන්ව දුන්නේ,
 තම විජිතය පවත්වාගෙන යාමේ ආරක්ෂක සහ පරිපාලන වියදම් අධික විම සහා ඍජුවම විජිතය පාලනය කිරීම අපහසු වීම .
 තම සංස්කෘතිය සමග නොගැලපීම..
 තම යටත්වැසි සමාජයෙන් තම මව් රාජ්‍යයට යහපත උදා  කරකරගැනීම.

Lankawe deshapalanaya


Die Kerze ist in der Heraldik eine Wappenfigur, die oft als Symbol und für redende Wappen steht. Dargestellt wird diese Lichtquelle fast immer in Gold oder Silber, andere Tinkturen sind möglich, mit brennender Flamme am Docht.

Als redende Figur ist sie im Schild vom bayrischen Lichtenfels und im alten Berliner Lichterfelde-Wappen. Hier wird die Kerze mit dem Begriff Licht gleichgesetzt.

Die Kerze wird oft mit dem Kerzenhalter dargestellt. Auch gekreuzte Kerzen kommen im Wappen vor. Die Kerze kann auch, wie andere Wappenfiguren, im Oberwappen sein. Symbolkraft hat sie als abgebrochene Kerze  mit erloschener Flamme. Hier sollen der Tod und eine erloschene genealogische Linie angezeigt werden. Beispiel ist das Grabmal des Grafen Heinrich von Pisnitz.

Beispiele

Siehe auch
 Feuer in der Heraldik

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Wappenfigur

Kerze (Heraldik)


El University of Arkansas Press Award for Arabic Literature in Translation (conocido también como Arkansas Arabic Translation Award) es un premio otorgado a aquella traducción al inglés de carácter notable de una obra literaria o libro que haya sido escrito originalmente en el idioma árabe. El premio es administrado por el Centro de estudios islámicos y del Oriente Medio Rey Fahd  dependiente de la Universidad de Arkansas. Desde 2008, el libro premiado ha sido publicado por la editorial de la Universidad de Syracuse como parte de su serie Literatura del Medio Oriente . Antes del año 2008, la editorial de la Universidad de Arkansas publicaba la obra premiada.

Al año 2010, el premio incluía un estipendio en dinero de US$5000 para el traductor y US$5000 para el autor del original, mientras que tanto las obras de ficción como las de no ficción son elegibles para el premio. En conjunto con el Premio Banipal, este galardón se constituye en uno de los principales premios en el campo de las traducciones literarias árabe-inglesas.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Premios en traducción
Literatura en árabe

Arkansas Arabic Translation Award


Monthelon ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern () im Département Saône-et-Loire in der Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

Geografie
Die Gemeinde Monthelon liegt östlich des Morvan-Massives etwa sechs Kilometer westlich der Stadt Autun an der Celle, die unterhalb des Ortes in den Arroux mündet. An der westlichen Gemeindegrenze mündet der Méchet ebenfalls in den Arroux.

Sehenswürdigkeiten

Das Château de Monthelon ist seit dem 7. November 1927 als Monument historique eingestuft. Es geht auf das 15. Jahrhundert zurück und befindet sich in Privatbesitz. Der rechteckige Bau wird an der Nordost-Front von zwei Rundtürmen flankiert. An den Eingängen sind die Wappen der Familie Rabutin de Chantal mit dem Wappenspruch VIRESCIT VULNERE VIRTUS ("die Tugend erhöht sich durch Wunden") als Reliefs angebracht. Die Umlaufgalerie des Innenhofes stammt aus der Zeit der Renaissance.

Eine kleine Kapelle im Nordteil hat einen deutlich sichtbaren Glockenturm. Bei archäologischen Grabungen in der Nähe des Ortes wurde unter anderem eine Weiheinschrift für den Gott Amarcolitanus gefunden.

Persönlichkeiten
Die heilige Johanna Franziska von Chantal (1572–1641), voller Name Jeanne-Françoise Frémyot, Baronne de Rabutin de Chantal, lebte zeitweise im Château de Monthelon.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Archäologischer Fundplatz in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

Monthelon (Saône-et-Loire)


Le World Padel Tour (WPT) est le championnat professionnel de padel le plus important au monde, de par le niveau d'organisation des tournois et de par la participation des meilleurs joueurs internationaux. Depuis 2017, il est diffusé à la télévision sur Gol. À partir de 2022, le World Padel Tour sera diffusé sur Movistar + en Espagne, ainsi que sur l'application World Padel Tour TV à partir des 32èmes de finale. En France, c'est le groupe Canal + qui est chargé de diffuser les compétitions.

Les tournois du World Padel Tour ont débuté en 2013, se positionnant comme le circuit professionnel de référence en remplacement du précédent, le Padel Pro Tour, et sont le résultat de l'accord entre le groupe d'organisateurs de tournois de padel professionnels, l'Association des joueurs de padel professionnels (AJPP) et l'Association espagnole de padel féminin (AFEP). Le circuit WPT est géré par Setpoint Events S.A., filiale de S.A. DAMM, qui établit son règlement et ses garanties, et approuve les paramètres de qualité requis par celui-ci, ainsi que les prix pour les joueurs de padel professionnels qui participent aux tournois du circuit.

Chaque année, entre quinze et vingt tournois WPT sont organisés ainsi qu'un master final dans lequel les meilleurs couples du classement s'affrontent. Les joueurs participants se rendent dans différentes villes du monde pour accumuler des points et participer au master final, où seuls les huit meilleurs couples du classement s'affronteront à l'issue de la saison. Des épreuves masculines et féminines sont disputées, bien que les championnats WPT féminins soient moins nombreux.

Sur le plan sportif, les joueurs les plus importants du circuit sont Fernando Belasteguín, , ,  et  chez les hommes et , , , , Marta Marrero et  chez les femmes.

Du côté français, Benjamin Tison chez les hommes et Alix Collombon chez les femmes, sont les deux joueurs de Padel les plus célèbres. La dernière est actuellement classée 20ème au classement du World Padel Tour.

Le World Padel Tour a connu une croissance exponentielle en termes d'impact international et d'audience télévisuelle. Cela a conduit le circuit professionnel à s'étendre en 2022 à un total de 13 pays, dans la saison la plus internationale de son histoire qui a suscité l'intérêt de grandes entreprises médiatiques.

Éditions

Palmarès

Championnat masculin

Championnat féminin

Nombre de tournois remportés

Championnat masculin

 Seuls les tournois Open et Master sont inclus

Mis à jour le 18 décembre 2022.

Championnat féminin

 Seuls les tournois Open et Master sont inclus

Mis à jour le 18 décembre 2022.

Compétition de padel

World Padel Tour


Kuştepe, Adıyaman — Adıyaman ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kuştepe, Samsat — Adıyaman ili Samsat ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kuştepe, Şişli — İstanbul ili Şişli ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kuştepe, Pehlivanköy — Kırklareli ili Pehlivanköy ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kuştepe, Cizre — Şırnak ili Cizre ilçesine bağlı köy

Kuştepe


Das India Office war eine Behörde (Ministerium) der britischen Regierung mit Zuständigkeit für alle Fragen der Verwaltung Britisch-Indiens. Es wurde aufgrund des Government of India Acts von 1858 eingerichtet und bestand bis zur Entlassung in die Unabhängigkeit und Teilung Indiens im Jahre 1947. Geleitet wurde es vom Secretary of State for India.

Geschichte
Der Government of India Act von 1858 wurde vor dem Hintergrund des Indischen Aufstands von 1857 am 2. August 1858 vom britischen Parlament verabschiedet. Durch ihn wurden die Besitzungen der Britischen Ostindien-Kompanie als Kronkolonie der britischen Krone unterstellt. Das bisherige Board of Control wurde aufgelöst und an seiner Stelle das India Office unter der Leitung eines Staatssekretärs für Indien geschaffen. Dieser war als Mitglied des Kabinetts dem britischen Parlament verantwortlich und übte seine Funktionen über den Generalgouverneur und Vizekönig von Indien und den Indian Civil Service aus. Zur Seite stand ihm als Beratungsgremium der 15-köpfige Council of India.

Zu den Aufgaben des India Office gehörte die Vorbereitung der Legislation des britischen Parlaments in allen Indien betreffenden Fragen. Zu den wichtigen Reformen im Hinblick auf eine verstärkte indische Selbstverwaltung zählen die Indian Councils Acts von 1861 ff. sowie die Government of India Acts von 1919 und 1935.

Für das 1937 aus Britisch-Indien ausgegliederte Burma wurde ein eigenes Burma Office geschaffen und die Amtsbezeichnung des Staatssekretärs für Indien in Secretary of State for India and Burma geändert. Das India Office wurde 1947 nach der Unabhängigkeit Indiens und Pakistans aufgelöst. Die Zuständigkeit für die beiden neuen Dominions ging auf das Commonwealth Relations Office über (vorher Dominions Office).

Sitz

Sitz des India Office war ab 1868 das Gebäude des heutigen Foreign and Commonwealth Office in Whitehall. Die Büros befanden sich mit denen des Foreign Office im Westflügel des Gebäudes, während im anderen Flügel das Home Office und das Colonial Office beheimatet waren.

Weblinks
 India Office Records auf den Seiten der British Library

Ehemaliges Ministerium (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Organisation (Britisch-Indien)
Gegründet 1858
Aufgelöst 1947
Historische Organisation (London)

India Office


Gottlob Sebastian von Lucke (* 1745 in Belentschin, Gemeinde Siedlec, Woiwodschaft Posen in Polen-Litauen; † 27. Oktober 1762 in Leipzig) war ein deutscher Dichter.

Leben
Lucke immatrikulierte sich am 16. Januar 1760 am Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig. Er starb 17-jährig in Leipzig, als er sich gerade auf der Reise von Braunschweig zu seinen Eltern befand, wie aus einem Brief von Gellert hervorgeht.

Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae gab postum Luckes Olint und Sophronia heraus, ein Gedicht in drei Gesängen, das in Blankversen verfasst ist. Dem Band waren außerdem acht weitere Gedichte Luckes angehängt: Hymne, Der Glaube, Auf dem Lande, Klagen bey dem Grabe eines Kindes, An meine Heimath, Auf den Frühling, Am 15ten Julius 1761 und Ein Gebet.

Werke
 Olint und Sophronia. Ein Gedicht in drey Gesängen; nebst einem Anhange einiger andrer Gedichte. Zum Druck befördert von Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariä. Fürstl. Waisenhaus-Buchhandlung, Braunschweig 1767.

Weblinks
 Rezension des Bandes Olint und Sophronia auf books.google.de, in der Deutschen Bibliothek der schönen Wissenschaften (2. Stück, Halle 1767).

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Literatur (18. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Deutsch)
Person (Braunschweig)
Person (Leipzig)
Gottlob Sebastian
Deutscher
Geboren 1745
Gestorben 1762
Mann

Gottlob Sebastian von Lucke


لؤي بن غالب، الجد الثامن للنبي محمد بن عبد الله.

نسبه
 هو : لؤي بن غالب بن فهر بن مالك بن النضر بن كنانة بن خزيمة بن مدركة بن إلياس بن مضر بن نزار بن معد بن عدنان.
 أمه : اختلف المؤرخون في تسمية أمه على قولين:
 عاتكة بنت يخلد بن النضر بن كنانة بن خزيمة بن مدركة بن إلياس بن مضر بن نزار بن معد بن عدنان.
 سلمى بنت بن عمرو بن لحي بن قمعة بن خندف بن مضر بن نزار بن معد بن عدنان.

زوجاته
 مارية بنت كعب بن القين بن جسر بن شيع الله بن أسد بن وبرة بن تغلب بن حلوان بن عمران بن الحاف بن قضاعة.
 الباردة بنت عوف بن تميم بن عبد الله بن عفان بن عوف بن غنم بن عبد الله بن غطفان بن سعد بن قيس عيلان بن مضر بن نزار بن معد بن عدنان.
 بسرة بنت الغالب ابن الهون بن خزيمة

أولاده
 كعب بن لؤي
 عامر بن لؤي
 عمرو بن لؤي، ولدغته أفعى وهو صغير فقتلته.
وقيل أيضا:
 سامة بن لؤي
 سعد بن لؤي
 عوف بن لؤي
 خزيمة بن لؤي
 الحارث بن لؤي

المراجع

مكة المكرمة في القرن 1
جاهليون
عرب في القرن 1
عرب في القرن 3
مواليد 274
مواليد عقد 20
نسب النبي محمد
أسلاف النبي محمد
وفيات 100

لؤي بن غالب


Kick II (estilizado como KICK ii) é o quinto álbum de estúdio da cantora e produtora musical venezuelana Arca. O álbum estava programado para ser lançado em 3 de dezembro de 2021, mas foi antecipado e disponibilizado ao público em 30 de novembro de 2021, sob o selo da gravadora XL Recordings. Kick II é uma continuação de seu álbum de 2020, Kick I, e é o segundo álbum de uma série de cinco discos. Kick II foi acompanhado por três singles: "Born Yesterday", com vocais da musicista australiana Sia, bem como as faixas "Prada" e "Rakata", lançadas como single duplo. A arte da capa foi fotografada por Frederik Heyman.

Antecedentes e contexto
Após o lançamento de Kick I, rumores indicavam que a Arca lançaria mais dois álbuns da série Kick, de modo a compor uma trilogia. Em entrevista à Pitchfork, Arca declarou: "Serão quatro volumes. O terceiro é um pouco mais introvertido do que o Kick I, um pouco mais parecido com o meu álbum autointitulado, eu acho. O quarto é apenas piano, sem vocais. Neste momento, estranhamente, o menos definido, é o terceiro. Cada Kick existe em uma espécie de estado quântico até o dia em que os envio para masterização. Tento não me comprometer até que seja necessário. Mas eu tenho uma visão para isso. O segundo é marcado por fortes batidas de fundo, manipulação vocal, mania e loucura".

No ano seguinte após Kick II, Arca lançou sua extended play (EP) Madre (2021) e participou de Dawn of Chromatica, álbum de remixes de Lady Gaga LANÇADO EM 2021, no qual colaborou na mixagem da faixa "Rain on Me", que conta ainda com vocais de Ariana Grande. Enquanto falava sobre música nas redes sociais, Arca declarou: "É também a última vez que desconstruo minhas músicas "Time" e "Mequetrefe", pois estamos dizemos adeus à era Kick I e caminhando para a era Kick II, e além". Em 27 de setembro, a produtora lançou uma nova música, "Incendio", que obteve aclamação da crítica. Uma semana depois, Arca revelou a data de lançamento, lista de faixas e arte da capa de Kick II, bem como lançou o principal single do disco, "Born Yesterday", com  participação de Sia .

Com o anúncio do Kick IIII, Arca confirmou que a paleta sonora de Kick II seria "uma desconstrução e reinterpretação do reggaeton".

Composição
Kick II é, sobretudo, um álbum experimental de música eletrônica, mas que também mistura facetas de reggaeton, pop e cumbia. A faixa de abertura, "Doña", traz "mantras vocais sinistros em um looping com samples esmagadores" e é "intencionalmente solta e desorientada, então quando aquele ritmo familiar de dembow se encaixa com a faixa seguinte, a atração hipnótica é sentida instantaneamente".  As faixas "Prada" e "Luna Llena" apresentam "atmosferas de sonho flutuando e envoltos em ritmos condutores" e foram comparadas com a atmosfera sonora de seu álbum homônimo de 2017.

Recepção crítica
No Metacritic, os álbuns Kicks II-IIIII receberam uma pontuação de 79 em 100, com base nas avaliações de sete críticos, indicando "avaliações geralmente positivas". Safiya Hopfe, escrevendo para a Exclaim! elogiou os ganchos dos álbuns, dizendo que "mesmo quando mais acessível, Arca se recusa a produzir a partir de uma paleta previsível. Mas, apesar de todos os seus experimentos e tangentes caóticos, está claro no KICK ii que ela tem plena consciência do equilíbrio necessário para construir um bop."

David Smyth, escrevendo para o London Evening Standard, considerou Kick II a "experiência mais completa em um único álbum" da série dos cinco álbuns. Por outro lado, Lewis Wade, do The Skinny, avaliou Kick II como composto pelas "músicas menos interessantes de toda a coleção" e disse que se o álbum fosse "mais vanguardista ou mais efêmero, poderia ter funcionado melhor, mas não atingiu a intensidade que deveria".

Lista de músicas
Todas as faixas foram escritas e produzidas por Arca, exceto onde indicado.

Histórico de lançamento

Álbuns de reggaeton
Álbuns produzidos por Arca
Álbuns de 2021

Kick II


Bruce Gilley (21 de julho de 1966) é professor de Ciência Política na Portland State University. Gilley ganhou aclamação internacional, mas também uma tempestade de críticas por seu controverso artigo de revisão por pares "The Case for Colonialism", publicado em uma edição online da revista científica 'The Third World Quarterly' em 2017. Quinze membros do conselho da revista renunciaram devido a Artigo de Gilley.

Biografia
 Gilley recebeu seu Bacharelado em Economia e Relações Internacionais pela Universidade de Toronto em 1988. Ele foi um bolsista da Commonwealth na Universidade de Oxford de 1989 a 1991, onde recebeu seu diploma de mestre em filosofia e em economia em 1991. De 1992 a 2002, trabalhou como jornalista em Hong Kong, escrevendo para o jornal Eastern Express e depois para a revista Far Eastern Economic Review . Gilley foi um Woodrow Wilson Scholar na Universidade de Princeton de 2004 a 2006, onde recebeu seu PhD em política em 2007.

Bolsa de estudos
O artigo de Gilley de 2006 "O significado e a medida da legitimidade do Estado: resultados para 72 países" introduziu uma nova medida quantitativa multidimensional do conceito qualitativo de legitimidade política. Desde então, seu trabalho foi estendido por outros estudiosos e personalizado para regiões geográficas específicas, como a América Latina e a Europa. O próprio Gilley desde então atualizou seu trabalho sobre quantificação de legitimidade com dados empíricos adicionais.

O artigo de Gilley "The case for colonialism" foi publicado em uma versão online avançada do Third World Quarterly em 2017, contra a recomendação de seus revisores. De acordo com Gilley, o colonialismo era tanto objetivamente benéfico (os benefícios superavam os danos) quanto subjetivamente legítimo (foi aceito por grandes parcelas da população local). Consequentemente, o autor clama por um renascimento do colonialismo. O artigo foi controverso tanto por seu argumento quanto por sua posterior retirada, e resultou em um debate sobre padrões acadêmicos e revisão por pares. Quinze membros do conselho do jornal renunciaram por causa do assunto. Os críticos descreveram o artigo como de baixa qualidade e disseram que ele foi publicado, apesar das objeções dos revisores, como uma forma de clickbait acadêmico.  O artigo foi finalmente retratado com o consentimento de Gilley e republicado no jornal conservador da National Association of Scholars, Academic Questions, em abril de 2018. Quando questionado se seria ético publicar um artigo defendendo o genocídio, Gilley disse: "Acho que todos concordariam que [o genocídio] é um erro moral", mas que não acreditava que o colonialismo fosse um erro moral. O geógrafo Reuben Rose-Redwood argumentou que existe uma conexão documentada entre colonialismo e genocídio. Na primavera de 2022, Gilley respondeu a muitos de seus críticos em um segundo artigo intitulado 'The Case for Colonialism: A Response to My Critics'.

A biografia de Gilley sobre Sir Alan Burns, intitulada The Last Imperialist: Sir Alan Burns's Epic Defense of the British Empire, foi retirada de publicação por Rowman & Littlefield depois que J. Moufawad-Paul iniciou uma petição, que conquistou mais de 1.000 signatários, dizendo que o autor defendia uma perspectiva "pró-colonial" e " nacionalista branca ". Gilley defendeu o livro dizendo que passou por um procedimento de revisão por pares e foi endossado pelos historiadores Tirthankar Roy e Jeremy Black; Roy confirmou que foi revisado por pares e que o havia endossado e afirmou que "[o] que poderia ser uma apologia aos impérios... nunca passou pela minha cabeça, não acho que este livro seja um". O livro foi publicado pela editora conservadora Regnery Gateway em setembro de 2021.

Associações e prêmios
Gilley é membro dos conselhos editoriais do Journal of Democracy e do Journal of Contemporary China. Ele recebeu os seguintes prêmios e indicações por realizações acadêmicas e artigos:

 Bolsa de estudos da Commonwealth, Universidade de Oxford (1989–1991)
 Prêmio de Estudos do Leste Asiático, Universidade de Princeton (2002)
 Bolsista Woodrow Wilson Scholars, Universidade de Princeton (2004–2006)
 Prêmio Marcel Cadieux, Melhor Artigo sobre Política Externa, Instituto Canadense de Assuntos Internacionais
 Nomeado para Gabriel A. Almond Prêmio de Melhor Dissertação, American Political Science Association (2006, 2012)
 Melhor Dissertação em Política Comparada, Departamento de Política, Universidade de Princeton (2007)
 Prêmio Frank Cass, Melhor Artigo em Democratização (2010)
 Prêmio do Reitor por Realização Acadêmica - Faculdade Sênior, Faculdade de Assuntos Urbanos e Públicos (2016)

Em 2017, Gilley retirou-se da American Political Science Association, afirmando que a considerava carente de diversidade intelectual e possuidora de viés anticonservador. Um membro da Academia Heterodox, ele tem criticado as avaliações de posse que exigem uma promessa de defender a diversidade colegiada.

Publicações selecionadas

De autoria
 Tigre à Beira: Jiang Zemin e a Nova Elite da China. University of California Press, 1998.
 Model Rebels: The Rise and Fall of China's Richest Village. University of California Press, 2001. 978-0520225329
 Novos governantes da China: os arquivos secretos. New York Review of Books, Nova York, 2003. (Com André Nathan)
 O futuro democrático da China: como acontecerá e aonde levará . Columbia University Press, 2004. 978-0231130844
 O direito de governar: como os Estados ganham e perdem a legitimidade. Columbia University Press, 2009. 978-0231138727
 A natureza da política asiática. Cambridge University Press, 2014. 978-0521761710
 O último imperialista: a defesa épica de Sir Alan Burns do Império Britânico. Regnery Gateway, 2021. See More 978-1684512171
 Em defesa do colonialismo alemão: e como seus críticos fortaleceram nazistas, comunistas e os inimigos do Ocidente. Regnery Gateway, 2022. 978-1684512379

Editado
 Potências Médias e a Ascensão da China. Georgetown University Press, Washington DC, 2014. (Com Andrew O'Neil)
 Mudança política na China: comparações com Taiwan. Lynne Rienner, Boulder, 2008. (Com Larry Diamond)
 Gigantes da Ásia: Comparando China e Índia. Palgrave Macmillan, Nova York, 2005. (Com Edward Friedman)

 "Contra o conceito de conflito étnico", Third World Quarterly . 25 (6): 1155–1166. doi:10.1080/0143659042000256959. Arquivado do original em 20 de janeiro de 2018.
 "The Case for Colonialism", Third World Quarterly, 2017. (Republicado em Academic Questions, June 2018, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 167–185.)
 "The Case for Colonialism: A Response to My Critics", Questões Acadêmicas, Primavera de 2022.

Alunos da Universidade de Toronto
Alunos da Universidade de Oxford
Alunos da Universidade de Princeton
Cientistas políticos dos Estados Unidos
Nascidos em 1966
Pessoas vivas

Bruce Gilley


Cassius V. Cook (1879 – 1º de março de 1950) foi um ativista, escritor e editor anarquista estadunidense. Cook cresceu em Iowa antes de se mudar para Chicago e depois para a Califórnia. Ele estudou farmácia no College of Physicians and Surgeons em San Francisco.

Ele era associado de Emma Goldman, aumentando sua fiança quando ela foi presa em San Francisco em 1909 depois que ela veio à cidade para uma série de palestras e debates organizados pela San Francisco Social Science League, da qual Cook era membro. Mais tarde, ele a acompanhou a Seattle como parte de uma turnê de palestras. Quando a San Francisco Free Speech League foi formada após a prisão de Goldman, ele se tornou seu secretário. O envolvimento de Cook e outros na defesa de Goldman teria "revigorado [Goldman] com um novo senso de missão".

Ele contribuiu escrevendo para a Mãe Terra e foi preso por oposição à Primeira Guerra Mundial.

Mais tarde, ele se estabeleceu em Vancouver, British Columbia, onde em 1913 foi secretário-tesoureiro da Liga de Libertação dos Mineiros e trabalhou para a Dr. Bell Electro Appliance Company de 1913 a 1916, de acordo com os diretórios da cidade.

Em 1919, Cook era chefe do escritório de Chicago da Liga Internacional de Defesa dos Trabalhadores e estava envolvido na organização para libertar ou ganhar um novo julgamento de Thomas Mooney, que havia sido condenado e sentenciado à morte - comutada para prisão perpétua - pelo San Bombardeio do Dia de Preparação de Francisco.

Entre as Guerras Mundiais, Cook foi membro da anarquista Libertarian Society em Los Angeles. Ele foi descrito como um homem "grande, floreado e bombástico", que "escrevia resoluções para reuniões e convenções".

Mais tarde na vida, ele foi um executivo de publicidade e secretário da Rocker Publications, que imprimia e promovia o trabalho de Rudolf Rocker.

Ele morava em Los Angeles quando morreu em 1º de março de 1950 e deixou sua esposa Sadie, uma irmã e dois irmãos. Sua morte também foi notada por um breve obituário no Freedom, um jornal quinzenal anarquista de Londres. Seus trabalhos fazem parte da Coleção Labadie da Universidade de Michigan.

Anarquistas dos Estados Unidos
Escritores anarquistas

Cassius Cook


An Notylia pentachne in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Notylia pentachne in nahilalakip ha genus nga Notylia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Notylia

Notylia pentachne


සුමිත් මුදන්නායක යනු ශ්‍රී ලාංකික නළුවෙකි. මොහු සිංහල සිනමාවේ දුෂ්ඨ නළුවෙකි. ජාත්‍යන්තර චිත්‍රපට හිද රංගනය ඉදිරිපත් කර ඇත.

සිනමා ගතවීම

සුමිත් මුදන්නායක


برج بن عزوز بلدية بولاية بسكرة الجزائرية.

تتميز بوفرة الأراضي الصالحة للزراعة ولها ثروة هائلة النخيل ومن ضمنها نوع «دقلة نور» الأجود عالميا كما تتميز بجودة كل المحاصيل الزاعية.
وتاريخيا حفلت بجملة هامة من العلماء ورجال الحركة الوطنية.

مراجع

برج بن عزوز

برج بن عزوز


Este artículo trata sobre los ministerios españoles que, a lo largo de la historia, han asumido competencias en investigación científica.

Historia
Al igual que la mayoría de los ministerios actuales, el Ministerio de Ciencia tenía en origen sus competencias agrupadas en el Ministerio del Interior, que en 1832 se restableció con la denominación de Secretaría de Estado y del Despacho de Fomento General del Reino y que agrupaba, entre otras competencias, las de educación, incluyéndose en ésta lo relativo a la ciencia.

Ya en el Ministerio de Fomento, por Real Decreto de 7 de mayo de 1886 intentaba dar autonomía y sustantividad a los asuntos de instrucción pública, intentando crear un nuevo Ministerio. Así el Ministerio de Fomento quedaría partido en dos, el "Ministerio de Instrucción Pública y de Ciencias, Letras y Bellas Artes" y el de "Obras Públicas, Agricultura, Industria y Comercio". Sería de competencia del Ministerio de Instrucción Pública y de Ciencias, Letras y Bellas Artes todo lo relativo a instrucción pública, a saber: Consejo de Instrucción Pública, personal y material de la enseñanza de todas clases, inspección y fomento de la enseñanza privada en todos sus grados, fomento de las Ciencias, de las Letras y de las Bellas Artes, Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos, Construcciones Civiles y Contabilidad correspondiente a estas ramas. Será asimismo competencia de este Ministerio lo referente al Instituto Geográfico y Estadístico, en lo concerniente a Astronomía, Meteorología y metrología, Observatorios astronómicos, movimientos de población y censos. Sin embargo, este real decreto que dividía en dos ministerios el de Fomento, no llegó a cumplirse, al no aprobarse por parte de las Cortes los créditos necesarios.

Hubo de esperar hasta la Ley de Presupuestos de 31 de marzo de 1900, siendo en abril de ese año que se crea el Ministerio de Instrucción Pública y Bellas Artes con las competencias sobre «lo relativo a la enseñanza pública y privada en todas sus diferentes clases y grados, en el fomento de las ciencias y de las letras, Bellas Artes, Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos». Se incluía en este además la Dirección General del Instituto Geográfico y Estadístico. El primer organismo autónomo dedicado a la investigación científica se creó en 1939, siendo éste el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).

Durante todo el , las competencias científicas se mantuvieron en los diferentes ministerios de Educación, y la primera vez que en la denominación de un ministerio apareció la palabra ciencia fue durante el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia que estuvo vigente entre 1966 y 1979, año en el que por primera vez en la historia se separan las competencias científicas y universitarias bajo el Ministerio de Universidades e Investigación. Este nuevo ministerio asumía las funciones de la Secretaría de Estado de Universidades e Investigación que había sido creada en 1977 y otros órganos administrativos de competencia científica, así como algunos organismos dependientes de la Presidencia del Gobierno. En 1980 se crea el Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, por aquel entonces dependiente del Ministerio de Cultura y en 1986 el Instituto de Salud Carlos III y el Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas.

Sin llegar a cumplir dos años, el ministerio fue fusionado de nuevo con el de educación y, con diferentes denominaciones, se mantuvo así hasta que en el año 2000, el entonces presidente del Gobierno José María Aznar, creó el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología que agrupaba las competencias sobre investigación científica del Ministerio de Educación, y las competencias sobre desarrollo tecnológico del Ministerio de Industria y Energía, incluyendo las telecomunicaciones; reteniendo el entonces Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte las competencias universitarias.

Tras cuatro años sin mucho éxito, el ministerio fue reintegrado en el de Educación por el presidente del Gobierno José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero que recuperó la antigua denominación de Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. Sin embargo, en su segunda legislatura Zapatero volvió a otorgar rango ministerial a las competencias científicas con el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación con el objetivo de depender menos «de la construcción y más pendientes de servicios del conocimiento, invertir más en ciencia y tecnología, ayudar a las empresas a innovar y coordinar universidades y centros de investigación».

Sin embargo, la dependencia de la construcción no cesó y con el estallido de la burbuja inmobiliaria y la posterior crisis económica hizo que el siguiente gobierno, liderado por Mariano Rajoy, en un esfuerzo por reducir el gasto público mediante la reducción del tamaño de la Administración fusionó el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación con el de Economía. Durante la presidencia de Rajoy se creó la Agencia Estatal de Investigación.

Ya con una mejor situación económica, el nuevo gobierno de Pedro Sánchez recuperó el Departamento de Ciencia incluyendo en él no solo las competencias científicas y de innovación, sino recuperando también para este Ministerio las competencias sobre la educación superior que ya tuvo bajo la presidencia de Adolfo Suárez, nombrando como ministro al astronauta Pedro Duque. En la XIV Legislatura, con la creación del Ministerio de Universidades, se restringe de nuevo su ámbito de actuación a lo estrictamente científico.

Denominaciones de los Ministerios
Los departamentos ministeriales que desde el reinado de Juan Carlos I han asumido competencias en Ciencia son:

 Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia,
 durante el gobierno de Carlos Arias Navarro (11 de diciembre de 1975–7 de julio de 1976),
 durante el gobierno de Adolfo Suárez (7 de julio de 1976–5 de abril de 1979),
 durante el gobierno de Felipe González (2 de diciembre de 1982–4 de mayo de 1996),
 durante el gobierno de José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (17 de abril de 2004–14 de abril de 2008);
 Ministerio de Universidades e Investigación
 durante el gobierno de Adolfo Suárez (5 de abril de 1979–26 de febrero de 1981),
 Ministerio de Educación y de Universidades e Investigación
 durante el gobierno de Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (26 de febrero de 1981–2 de diciembre de 1982),
 Ministerio de Educación y Cultura,
 durante el gobierno de José María Aznar (5 de mayo de 1996–27 de abril de 2000),
 Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología,
 durante el gobierno de José María Aznar (27 de abril de 2000–17 de abril de 2004),
 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación,
 durante el gobierno de José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (14 de abril de 2008–21 de diciembre de 2011);
 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad,
 durante el gobierno de Mariano Rajoy (21 de diciembre de 2011–2 de junio de 2018).
 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades,
 durante el gobierno de Pedro Sánchez (2018-2020)
 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación,
 durante el II gobierno de Pedro Sánchez (2020-)

Lista de Secretarios de Estado
 Secretaría de Estado de Universidades e Investigación:
 Luis González Seara (1977-1979).
 Manuel Cobo del Rosal (1981).
 Saturnino de la Plaza Pérez (1981-1982).
 Carmina Virgili (1982-1985).
 Juan Manuel Rojo Alaminos (1985-1992).
 Elías Fereres Castiel (1992-1994).
 Emilio Octavio de Toledo y Ubieto (1994-1995).
 Enric Banda Tarradellas (1995-1996).
 Salvador Ordóñez Delgado (2004-2006).
 Miguel Ángel Quintanilla (2006-2008).
 Secretaría de Estado de Universidades, Investigación y Desarrollo:
 Fernando Tejerina García (1996-1997).
 Manuel Jesús González González (1997-1999).
 Secretaría de Estado de Educación, Universidades, Investigación y Desarrollo:
 Jorge Fernández Díaz (1999-2000).
 Secretaría de Estado de Política Científica y Tecnológica
 Pedro Morenés Eulate (2002-2004)
 Ramón Marimón Suñol (2000-2002)
 Secretaría de Estado de Investigación
 Felipe Pétriz Calvo (2009-2011)
 Carlos Martínez Alonso (2008-2009)
 Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
 Carmen Vela Olmo (2011-2018)

 Lista de Secretarios Generales
  Secretario General de Política Científica
 Félix Yndurain Muñoz (2002)
 Juan Junquera González (2000-2002)
  Secretario General de Política Científica y Tecnológica
 José Manuel Fernández de Labastida y del Olmo (2008-2009)
 Secretario General de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
 Román Arjona Gracia (2012-2013) (1)
 María Luisa Poncela García (2013-2016) (1)
 Secretario General de Ciencia e Innovación
 Juan María Vázquez Rojas (2016-2018) (1)
 Secretario General de Coordinación de Política Científica
 Rafael Rodrigo Montero (2018-2020)
 Secretario General de Investigación
 Rafael Rodrigo Montero (2020- )
 Secretaria General de Innovación
 Teresa Riesgo Alcaide (2020- )

(1) En el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

 Lista de Directores Generales

 Dirección de Gabinete del Ministro
 Josep Antoni Lobera Serrano (2021- )
 Raquel Gómez-Cambronero Álvarez (2021)
 Inmaculada Aguilar Nàcher (2018-2021)
 Jorge Barrero Fonticoba (2008-2011)
  Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación Científica
 Tomás García-Cuenca Ariati (1997-2000)
 Alfonso Fernández-Miranda Campoamor (1996-1997)
  Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Enseñanza Superior
 Eladio Montoya Melgar (1995-1996)
  Dirección General de Investigación
 Montserrat Torné Escasany (2007-2008)
 Violeta Demonte Barreto (2004-2007)
 Matilde Sánchez Ayuso (2003-2004)
 Fernando Valdivieso Amate (2002-2003)
 Manuel de Hermenegildo y Salinas (2000-2002)
  Dirección General de Política Tecnológica
 Carlos Alejaldre Losilla (2004-2006)
 Arturo González Romero (2000-2004)
  Dirección General de Investigación y Desarrollo
 Fernando Aldana Mayor (1996-1998)
  Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica
 Marina Pilar Villegas Gracia (2014-2016)
 Juan María Vázquez Rojas (2012-2014)
 Roberto Fernández de Caleya Álvarez (1990-1995)
 Pedro Ripoll Quintás (1988-1990)
 Luis Antonio Oró Giral (1987-1988)
 Dirección General de Política de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
 Teresa Riesgo Alcaide (2018-2020)
 Clara Eugenia García García (2016-2018)

  Dirección General de Política Científica
 Emilio Muñoz Ruiz (1982-1987)
 Antonio Roig Muntaner (1981-1982)
 Marcos Rico Gutiérrez (1979-1981)
 Carlos Sánchez del Río y Sierra (1977-1979)
 Dirección General de Programas y Transferencias de Conocimiento
 Otilia Mó Romero (2008-2009)
 Dirección General de Planificación de la Investigación
 Gonzalo Arévalo Nieto (2021- )
 Carmen Castresana Fernández (2020-2021)
 Dirección General de Planificación y Coordinación
 Juan José Moreno Navarro (2008-2009)
 Dirección General de Transferencia de Tecnología y Desarrollo Empresarial
 Margarita Segarra Muñoz (2010-2012)
 Arturo Azcorra Saloña (2009-2010)
 Juan José Moreno Navarro (2009)
 Dirección General de Investigación y Gestión del Plan Nacional de I+D+i
 Montserrat Torné Escasany (2010-2012)
 José Manuel Fernández de Labastida y del Olmo (2009-2010)
 Dirección General de Política de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
 María Luisa Castaño Marín (2016- )
 Dirección General de Innovación y Competitividad
 María Luisa Castaño Marín (2013-2016)
 Dirección General de Innovación Industrial y Tecnología (1)
 Isabel Verdeja Lizama (1986-1988)
 Florencio Ornia Álvarez (1982-1986)
 Juan Luengo Vallejo (1980-1982)
 Dirección General de Cooperación Internacional
 Carlos Martínez Riera (2010-2011)
 Montserrat Torné Escasany (2008-2010)
 '''Secretario General Técnico
 Ignacio Hermoso Contreras (2018- )
 José Carlos Rubio García (2008-2011)

 (1) En el Ministerio de Industria y Energía
 (2) ''En el Ministerio de Universidades

Referencias

Ciencia
Ministerios de Ciencia de España

Historia de los ministerios de Ciencia de España


Playa Sarakiniko es una playa en Isla de Milo en el país europeo de Grecia. Está situada en la costa norte de la isla. A menudo es comparada con un paisaje lunar. La población local a menudo se refieren al paisaje característico de Sarakiniko como Lunar debido a su particular apariencia. La playa de hueso blanco tiene esas características inusuales como consecuencia de rocas volcánicas formadas por el viento y las olas. Sarakiniko es uno de los paisajes más fotografiados en el mar Egeo.

Turismo
 Playa Sarakiniko - Wikipedia Turismo
 Grecia - Wikipedia Turismo

Véase también
Geografía de Grecia
Geografía de Europa

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Vista de la playa en Flickr

Playas de Grecia

Playa Sarakiniko


ييكاتيرينوفكا مدينة روسية في مقاطعة بريمورسكي كراي.

 ييكاتيرينوفكا مدينة روسية في مقاطعة ساراتوف أوبلاست.

صفحات توضيح أسماء أماكن

ييكاتيرينوفكا (توضيح)


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 13 Nisan - Guy Fawkes veya diğer bilinen adıyla Guido Fawkes, Katolik bir İngiliz askeriydi. Barut komplosu nedeniyle idam edildi (ö. 1606)
 ? - Giorgi Saakadze, 1484-1762 yılları arasında Tiflis merkezli olarak hüküm süren Kartli Krallığı'nda 17. yüzyılda etkili olmuş Gürcü siyasetçi ve komutan (ö. 1629).

Ölümler
 Yi Hwang, Neokonfüçyüsçü filozof

1570


اللحم المقدد أو القديد هو لحم مجفف إما بسبب تعريضه للشمس أو على نار الفحم، وهو منتشر لدى ثقافات مختلفة من البشر حول العالم.

شمال أفريقيا

المغرب
يعد من العادات والتقاليد المغربية خلال عيد الأضحى مع الكرداس.

الجزائر

تونس

مراجع

أطباق لحم بقري
تجارة الفراء
ثقافة بحرية
طعام سهل التحضير
لحوم مجففة
مطبخ أرجنتيني
مطبخ بوليفي
مطبخ بيروفي
مطبخ تشيلي
وجبات خفيفة

لحم مقدد


Daniel Fernando "Semilla" Bucciarelli (Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina, 3 de julio de 1959) es un músico y artista plástico argentino reconocido por su notable participación como bajista de Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota, en la cual se mantuvo activo desde 1982 hasta la separación de la misma en 2001. Tras la disolución de Patricio Rey, realizó una pausa en su carrera como músico para dedicarse de lleno a la pintura artística, llegando a prestar su arte a sus ex-compañeros en Los Redondos, Sergio Dawi y Walter Sidoti. En 2011, volvió a reunirse con Dawi para formar el espectáculo conceptual "SemiDawi: Ambos a la vez", mientras que en 2013 comenzaron a presentarse en conjunto con la banda "The Comando Pickless" de Sidoti, bajo la temática "SemiDawi + The Comando Pickless". Finalmente y tras casi 16 años fuera de la actividad, en 2017 retornó a la actividad musical integrando junto a los ex-Redondos Dawi, Sidoti y Tito Fargo, la agrupación Los Decoradores con la cual reinterpretan los antiguos shows de Patricio Rey bajo la temática "Kermesse Redonda".

Recientemente inauguró su web oficial donde expone sus trabajos como artista plástico http://www.semillabucciarelli.com.ar/.

Historia
Daniel Bucciarelli vivió su juventud en la provincia de Buenos Aires, y sus comienzos en la música datan desde mediados hasta fines de la década de 1970, en donde integró algunos grupos y llegó a ser encargado de equipos del grupo Crucis. En 1982, Alejandro Pensa (quién colaboraba con Skay por aquel entonces) lo invita a formar parte de Patricio Rey y permaneció con ellos hasta su disolución, con quienes grabó desde el primer álbum Gulp! (1985) hasta el último Momo Sampler (2000).
También ha colaborado en la composición de dos canciones las cuales forman parte del repertorio de la banda; "Ella Debe Estar tan Linda" de Un baión para el ojo idiota (1988) y "Mi Perro Dinamita" de La mosca y la sopa (1991) además realizó el arte de portada del álbum Lobo Suelto, Cordero Atado, Vol. 2 de 1993 en el cual también aporto un alfabeto especial.

Tras la disolución de Patricio Rey, se había retirado de la práctica profesional de la música, dedicándose a sus proyectos de pintura artística. En 2011, formó junto a su excompañero Redondo Sergio Dawi, el espectáculo conceptual "SemiDawi: Ambos a la vez", por el cual Bucciarelli aportaba imagen y color a los acordes que Dawi ejecutaba con su saxofón. En 2013, el espectáculo se fusionó con las presentaciones de la banda "The Comando Pickless" de Walter Sidoti, formando el espectáculo "SemiDawi + The Comando Pickless". En este mismo año, Bucciarelli, Dawi y Sidoti colaboraron junto a su excompañero Indio Solari en la producción del tema "La pajarita pechiblanca", formándose la reunión de ex-redondos más grande desde la separación. Finalmente y tras cuatro años desarrollando el espectáculo "SemiDawi +  The Comando Pickless", en 2017 se produce una reunión entre Bucciarelli, Dawi y Sidoti a la que también se suma el guitarrista Tito Fargo, tras la cual comienzan a presentarse como una nueva agrupación bajo el nombre de Los Decoradores.

Discografía con Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota
Gulp! - 1985
Oktubre - 1986
Un baión para el ojo idiota - 1988
¡Bang! ¡Bang!!... Estás liquidado - 1989
La mosca y la sopa - 1991
En Directo - 1992
Lobo Suelto, Cordero Atado Vol. 1 - 1993
Lobo Suelto, Cordero Atado Vol. 2 - 1993
Luzbelito - 1996
Último bondi a Finisterre - 1998
Momo Sampler - 2000

 Participación en otros álbumes
Sin Presupuesto - 1985 (Como bajista invitado de Pedro Conde junto a otros integrantes de Patricio Rey).
Tren de Fugitivos - 1997 (Como bajista invitado de El Soldado junto a otros integrantes de Patricio Rey).
Vivo acá - 2003 (como acordeonista invitado de Divididos en la canción "Sisters").
Nueva Fórmula - 2011 (Como bajista invitado de Los Tónicos) participando en la canción "Uña corta".
Pajaritos, bravos muchachitos - 2013 (Como acordeonista invitado del Indio Solari y Los Fundamentalistas del Aire Acondicionado junto a otros integrantes de Patricio Rey) participando en la canción "La pajarita pechiblanca".

Otras colaboraciones
Le Mie Parole - 2013 (colaborando en el libro de Jesús Granero) realizando la portada de dicha obra.

Referencias

Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla
Semilla

Semilla Bucciarelli


Papa Inocent XII. za vrijeme svoga pontifikata (1691. – 1700.) održao je 4 konzistorija na kojima je imenovao ukupno 30 kardinala.

Konzistorij 12. prosinca 1695. (I.)
 Giacomo Antonio Morigia, C.R.S.P., firentinski nadbiskup
 Sebastiano Antonio Tanara, damaščanski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Austriji
 Giacomo Boncompagni, bolonjski nadbiskup
 Giovanni Giacomo Cavallerini, nicejski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Francuskoj
 Federico Caccia, milanski nadbiskup, nuncij u Španjolskoj
 Taddeo Luigi dal Verme, fanski biskup
 Baldassare Cenci, stariji, larisanski nadbiskup, prefekt Papinskoga kućanstva
 Tommaso Maria Ferrari, O.P., meštar Apostolske palače
 Giuseppe Sacripante, referent Sudišta Apostolske signature
 Celestino Sfondrati, O.S.B.
 Enrico Noris, O.E.S.A., kustos Vatikanske knjižnice
 Giambattista Spinola, mlađi, rimski guverner i vice-kamerlengo Svete Rimske Crkve
 Domenico Tarugi, saslušatelj Svete Rimske rote
 Henri Albert de la Grange d'Arquien

Konzistorij 22. srpnja 1697. (II.)

 Luiz de Sousa, lisabonski nadbiskup, Portugal
 Giorgio Cornaro, rodijski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Portugalu
 Pierre de Cambout, orleanski biskup, Francuska
 Fabrizio Paolucci, ferarski biskup
 Alfonso Aguilar Fernández de Córdoba
 Vincenzo Grimani

Konzistorij 14. studenoga 1699. (III.)

 Niccolò Radulovich, kijetijski nadbiskup, tajnik Svete kongregacije za biskupe i redovnike
 Giuseppe Archinto, milanski nadbiskup
 Andrea Santacroce, seleucijski naslovni nadbiskup, nuncij u Austriji
 Marcello d'Aste, atenski naslovni nadbiskup, predsjednik Urbina
 Daniello Marco Delfino, biskup Brescije, nuncij u Francuskoj
 Sperello Sperelli, bivši ternijski biskup, prisjednik Svete inkvizicije
 Giovanni Maria Gabrielli, O.Cist., generalni opat svoga reda

Na ovom su konzistoriju imenovana dva kardinala i pridržana in pectore, ali njihova imena nisu bila nikada objavljena.

Konzistorij 21. lipnja 1700. (IV.)

 Louis-Antoine de Noailles, pariški nadbiskup, Francuska
 Johannes Philipp von Lamberg, bishop Passaua
 Francisco Antonio de Borja-Centelles y Ponce de León, kalatravski arhiđakon i toledski kanonik prebendar, Španjolska

Bilješke

Vidi još
 Kardinalski zbor
 Konzistorij

Izvori

Inocent 12
Kardinalski zbor

Kardinalska imenovanja pape Inocenta XII.


Abiezer Coppe (1619 – 1672) was one of the English Ranters and a writer of prophetic religious pamphlets.

Biography

He was born in Warwick on May 20, 1619, and was a pupil of Thomas Dugard at The King's School, Warwick. From there he went to All Souls College, Oxford and also Merton College, Oxford.  One of Coppe's major works is the Fiery Flying Roll of 1649, a (highly heretical) tirade against inequality and hypocrisy which vividly evokes the charged and visionary atmosphere that swept over England during the civil war and interregnum.

While Coppe's views were unpopular with Royalists, they were equally disliked by Parliamentarians, and shortly after the Fiery Flying Roll was published he was imprisoned at Newgate Prison and the book burned.

Coppe was later released and celebrated by publishing Coppe's return to the ways of righteousness, in which he retracted his previous heresies, while adding a few more. Like Lodowick Muggleton and the Diggers' leader Gerrard Winstanley, Coppe combined an egalitarian social vision with an apocalyptic religious one.

In 1657 he apparently changed his name to Dr Higham, and was buried under that name at Barnes church on August 23, 1672.

Reception

Coppe has been written about by Norman Cohn, M.A. Poultney and the Marxist historians A. L. Morton and Christopher Hill.

He has also been celebrated in modern folk music; there is a folk song about him  with the eponymous title Abiezer Coppe on the Leon Rosselson album Love, Loneliness, Laundry, which has since been released on CD on Rosselson's compilation Guess What They're Selling At The Happiness Counter.

In 2018 the band Barnstormer 1649, led by poet Attila the Stockbroker, included a different song about Coppe with the same title on their album Restoration Tragedy.

Coppe appears as a character in Caryl Churchill's 1976 play Light Shining in Buckinghamshire.

See also
Christian anarchism
English Dissenters
Religion in the United Kingdom

References
 Selected Writings, Abiezer Coppe, edited and introduced by Andrew Hopton. 1987, Aporia Press, London.
 The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages, Norman Cohn. 1957

Specific

External links

 "A Prophet of the Ranters"
 Excerpts from Coppe's works
 A Fiery Flying Roll and A Second Fiery Flying Roll at the Ex-Classics Web Site

English religious writers
People educated at Warwick School
1619 births
1672 deaths
Christian radicals
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Ranters

Abiezer Coppe


Cercaria peut faire référence à :
 le nom latin de la larve Cercaire des trématodes ;
 Cercaria (genre), une genre de ciliés de la famille des Colepidae.

Homonymie en biologie

Cercaria


Chelsea Football Club Women er en engelsk fodboldklub for kvinder, baseret i based Fulham, England. Siden 2004 har klubben været tilknyttet Chelsea F.C., som er et hold for mænd og spiller i den engelske Premier League. Chelsea L.F.C. var en af de grundlæggende medlemmer af FA WSL i 2010, som har været Englands højeste liga for kvindernes fodbold siden 2011. Fra 2005 til 2010 konkurrerede Chelsea Ladies i Premier League National Division, som var den øverste fodboldliga for kvinder i engelsk fodbold dengang.

Historie

Etablering
Chelsea Ladies Football Club blev etableret i 1992 efter at Chelsea F.C. tilhængere udtrykte et ønske om en kvindeside. I juni 2004 stemte Chelsea Ladies om og afgjorde at blive overtaget og etableret af Chelsea's Football i Community afdelingen. Klubben vandt derefter oprykning som mestre af Southern Division i 2004–05 til Premier League National Division og har deltaget i topdivisionen lige siden.

FA Women's Super League (FA WSL), 2011–nu
Chelsea fik tildelt WSL titlen efter en afgørelse baseret på points-per-game for 2019-20 sæsonen, efter at den sluttede brat på grund af Coronaviruspandemien.

Den 1. september 2020 blev det annonceret, at klubben havde købt den danske fodboldspiller Pernille Harder for en rekordhøj sum på 2,6 millioner kroner. Hun havde indtil da spillet for tyske Wolfsburg i den tyske Bundesliga for kvinder i knap fire år.

Chelsea og træneren Emma Hayes vandt deres 4. WSL titel, hvilket er det meste noget WSL hold har gjort, med 2 points den sidste kampdag af 2020-21 sæsonen med en 5–0 sejr over Reading. Chelsea slog rekorden for flest sejre (18) og flest points (57) i en sæson, og blev det tredie hold der forsvarede ligatitlen, efter Liverpool og Arsenal. Chelsea angriber Sam Kerr vandt WSL Golden Boot for flest mål scoret (21), mens hendes holdkammerat Fran Kirby var på en delt førsteplads over flest assist (11) og Ann-Katrin Berger blev registreret for flest rent mål (12), og vandt Golden Glove.

Spillere

Aktuel trup

Hæder

Hjemlige turneringer

Ligatitler
 FA Women's Super League (4): 2015, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2020–21
 FA WSL Spring Series (1): 2017
 Premier League Southern Division (1): 2004–05

Pokalturneringer
 FA Women's Cup (2): 2014–15, 2017–18
 FA Women's League Cup (2): 2019–20, 2020–21
 Women's FA Community Shield (1): 2020
 Surrey County Cup (9): 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013

Europæisk deltagelse
Alle resultater (ude, hjemme og sammenlagt) viser Chelseas mål først.

  Første kamp.

Danskere spillere i klubben
 Pernille Harder (2021-)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisningers

FA Women's Super League
Kvindefodboldklubber i England
Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea F.C. Women


Oštrolist (oštrolistac,  poreč, lat.:  Borago), rod jednogodišnjih biljaka i trajnica s ukupno pet priznatih vrsta koje rastu u mediteranskim predjelima od kojih je najpoznatija Borago officinalis, poznata pod narodnim imenima oštrolist, boražina, poreč ili ljekoviti oštrolistac.

Boražina (B. officinalis) je najrasprostranjenija u eurpopskom i afričkom dijelu Mediterana, dok je na područje Azora, Austrije, Ukrajine, Mađarske, Poljske, Rusije i još nekih predejela kao i Sjeverne i Južne Amerike i Australije uvezena.

Ostale četiri vrste su B. longifolia iz Tunisa i Alžira, B. morisiana s otoka Korzika, B. pygmaea s Korzike i Sardinije i B. trabutii u Maroku i Alžiru.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Boragineae

Oštrolist


مورتيمر جيروم أدلر  (28 ديسمبر، 1902 - 28 يونيو، 2001) هو معلم وفيلسوف ومؤلف أمريكي مشهور. عاش أغلب حياته في نيويورك، وسان فرانسيسكو وسان ماتيو. عمل في جامعة كولومبيا، وجامعة شيكاغو. وساهم في موسوعة بريتانيكا ومعهد أدلر للأبحاث الفلسفية. تزوج أدلر مرتين وأنجب أربعة أطفال، وأسس معهد أدلر للأبحاث الفلسفية.

سيرة شخصية

نيويورك
ولد أدلر في مدينة نيويورك في 28 ديسمبر 1902، لوالدين يهوديين هاجرا من ألمانيا. ترك أدلر المدرسة في سن الرابعة عشر ليعمل كناسخ في صحيفة نيويورك صن وكان يأمل أن يصبح صحفياً في نهاية المطاف. وفي هذا السبيل عاد أدلر إلى المدرسة لأخذ دروس ليلية في فن الكتابة، وفي هذه المرحلة من حياته تعرف على أعمال كبار الفلاسفة كأفلاطون وأرسطو وتوما الأكويني وجون لوك وجون ستيوارت ميل وغيرهم. تابع أدلر دراسته لاحقاً في جامعة كولومبيا، وساهم خلال فترة الجامعة بكتابات أدبية وقصائد شعرية في عدة مجلات طلابية. ولكنه لم يحصل على درجة البكالوريوس من جامعة كولومبيا، بل استمرَّ في العمل في الجامعة حتى حصل على درجة البكالوريوس الفخرية عام 1983، ودرجة الدكتوراه في علم النفس لاحقاً. كتب أدلر كتابه الأول «الديالكتيك» الذي نشر في عام 1927 أثناء فترة عمله في جامعة كولومبيا.

شيكاغو
رتب روبرت هتشينز –الرئيس المعين حديثاً لجامعة شيكاغو– توظيف صديقه أدلر كأستاذ لفلسفة القانون في كلية الحقوق في عام 1930 رغم الشكوك التي ساورت أساتذة الفلسفة الكبار في الجامعة مثل جيمس تافتس وجورج ميد، كان أدلر أول أستاذ غير محام ينضم إلى أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في كلية الحقوق بجامعة شيكاغو، وقام أدلر أيضاً بتدريس الفلسفة في معهد أسبن لإدارة الأعمال في نفس الفترة.

شهرته الشعبية
سعى أدلر لتبسيط الفلسفة وتقريبها للجماهير، وأصبحت بعض أعماله مثل: «كيف تقرأ كتاباً» من أكثر الكتب شعبية ومبيعاً في الولايات المتحدة. وكان أدلر مدافعاً بقوة عن الديمقراطية الاقتصادية، فكتب مقدمة مؤثرة للبيان الرأسمالي للويس كيلسو. من أبرز من ساعد أدلر في كتاباته صديقه القديم من جامعة كولومبيا آرثر روبين. أما أبرز منتقديه فكان دوايت ماكدونالد الذي قال عنه ذات مرة: لقد كتب السيد أدلر ذات مرة كتاباً بعنوان كيف تقرأ كتاباً، وعليه الآن قراءة كتاب بعنوان كيف تكتب كتاباً.

الدين واللاهوت
ولد أدلر في عائلة يهودية غير ملتزمة بالدين. وفي أوائل العشرينيات من عمره تعرف على فلسفة القديس توما الأكويني وأعجب بأفكاره، وقال بعد عدة سنوات أنَّه جعل دراسة اللاهوت في أعلى اهتماماته الفلسفية. كان أدلر مساهماً نشيطاً في المجلات الفلسفية والكاثوليكية، بالإضافة إلى أنه كان يخطب بشكلٍ متكرر في المؤسسات الكاثوليكية، إلى حد أن كثيرين اعتقدوا أنه اعتنق الكاثوليكية.

استغرق أدلر وقتاً طويلاً ليحسم آرائه حول القضايا اللاهوتية. فعندما كتب كتابه "كيف تفكر في الله: دليل للوثنية في القرن العشرين في عام 1980، ادعى أنه يعتبر نفسه وثنياً، وفي مقابلة أجراها معه كين مايرز عام 1980 بعد نشر كتابه كيف تفكر في الله، سأله مايرز: لماذا لم تعتنق الديانة المسيحية. أوضح أدلر أنه ورغم تأثره بعدد من المفكرين المسيحيين خلال حياته، إلا أن الفكر الفلسفي منعه من اعتناق أي ديانة. لكن أدلر اعتنق المسيحية أخيراً، وانضم للكنيسة الأسقفية في عام 1984، أي بعد بضع سنوات فقط من تلك المقابلة. يعتقد مايرز أن السبب الرئيسي لاختيار أدلر للمسيحية هو كثرة الألغاز غير المفهومة في هذه الديانة، بحيث أنه أصبح أمام فلسفة جديدة أخرى.

لم يختر أدلر الكاثوليكية مع أنه كان منجذباً لها لسنوات عديدة ويبدو أن بعض القضايا مثل الإجهاض ورفض عائلته وأصدقائه هي التي أبعدته عن اعتناق الكاثوليكية واختيار الكنيسة الأسقفية بدلاً عنها، في حين يعتقد آخرون أن زوجته كارولين كانت السبب الرئيسي وراء ذلك، بدليل أنه انضم أخيراً للكاثوليكية بعد وفاتها في عام 1998. وعلى الرغم من أنه لم يكن كاثوليكياً في معظم فترات حياته ولكنه يعتبر فيلسوفاً كاثوليكياً بسبب مشاركته ودعمه لحركة المحافظين الجدد، وعضويته الطويلة في الرابطة الفلسفية الأمريكية الكاثوليكية.

فلسفته
اعتبر أدلر كتاب الأخلاق لأرسطو ممثلاً لأخلاقيات الفطرة السليمة، وأنه العقيدة الأخلاقية الوحيدة التي تجيب على جميع الأسئلة التي يجب على الفلسفة الأخلاقية أن تحاول الإجابة عليها، واعتقد أن نظريات أو مذاهب أخرى تحاول الإجابة على أسئلة أكثر مما تستطيع أو أقل مما ينبغي، والإجابات التي تطرحها هي مزيج من الحقيقة والخطأ، وخاصة الفلسفة الأخلاقية لإيمانويل كانط، ونظر إلى مواقف الازدواجية النفسية المادية على أنها وجهان متعاكسان متناقضان، فرفض الشكل المتطرف للثنائيات التي صاغها بعض الفلاسفة مثل أفلاطون (الجسد والروح)، وديكارت (العقل والمادة).

الحرية والإرادة الحرة
لا تزال مفاهيم الحرية والإرادة الحرة موضع نقاش حتى عصرنا هذا، ولا يوجد حتى الآن تعريف مقبول عموماً للحرية والإرادة الحرة، وفي هذا السبيل أمضى معهد الأبحاث الفلسفية الذي أسسه أدلر عشر سنوات في دراسة فكرة الحرية، إذ استخدمها مئات المؤلفين الذين ناقشوا فكرة الحرية وتنازعوا عليها. نُشرت الدراسة في عام 1958 بعنوان «دراسة جدلية لفكرة الحرية» وخلصت إلى تحديد ثلاثة أنواع من الحرية: الظرفية والطبيعية والمكتسبة.

الدين
دعا أدلر للاهتمام بالكتاب المقدس لفهم الدين واللاهوت بشكل صحيح، وأشار إلى ضرورة التوفيق بين آياته وبين الحقائق العلمية المأخوذة من خلال طرق المعرفة الطبيعية مثل العلوم والفلسفة. وقد حاول في كتابه كيف تفكر بالله الصادر عام 1981 تفسير كيف أنَّ الله خلق شيء من لا شيء، ولكنه عاد ليؤكد أنه حتى مع هذا الاستنتاج لا يمكن إثبات وجود الله أو نفيه، ويعتقد علماء معاصرون أن حجج أدلر تتوافق مع الاكتشافات الجديدة في علم الفلك لا سيما نظرية الأكوان المتعددة.

حياته الشخصية
تزوج مورتيمر أدلر مرتين ولديه أربعة أطفال. تزوج هيلين بوينتون في عام 1927 ثم انفصلا بعد ذلك في عام 1960 ولديه طفلان منها هما مارك ومايكل، في حين كانت زوجته الثانية كارولين برينغ، ولديه طفلان منها أيضاً.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أخلاقيون مسيحيون
أعضاء هيئة تدريس كلية الحقوق في جامعة شيكاغو
أكاديميون أمريكيون يهود
أمريكيون بروتستانت سابقون
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي ألماني
أنثولوجيون
أنجليكانيون تحولوا إلى الكاثوليكية
أنجليكانيون سابقون
أنطولوجيون
الموسوعة البريطانية
تربويون أمريكيون
خريجو جامعة كولومبيا (نيويورك)
رومان كاثوليك أمريكيون
عقلانيون
فلاسفة أخلاق
فلاسفة أرسطوطاليسيون
فلاسفة أمريكيون
فلاسفة أمريكيون في القرن 20
فلاسفة أنجليكان
فلاسفة الأديان
فلاسفة التاريخ
فلاسفة الثقافة
فلاسفة العقل
فلاسفة تعليم
فلاسفة سياسيون
فلاسفة سياسيون أمريكيون
فلاسفة علم الاجتماع
فلاسفة الأدب
فلاسفة الاقتصاد
فلاسفة الحرب
فلاسفة الحب
فلاسفة قانون
فلاسفة كاثوليك
فلاسفة كتبوا حول النشاط والتغيير الاجتماعي
فلاسفة معاصرون
فلاسفة الجنسانية
فلاسفة من الفن
فلاسفة من إلينوي
فلاسفة من علم النفس
فلاسفة من ولاية نيويورك
فلاسفة نظرية المعرفة
فلاسفة يهود
كتب فلسفية
كاثوليك من إلينوي
كاثوليك من كاليفورنيا
كاثوليك من ولاية نيويورك
كتاب أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب سيرة ذاتية أمريكيون
كتاب عن الدين والعلم
كتاب غير روائيين أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب غير روائيين ذكور أمريكيون
كتاب مقالات أمريكيون
كتاب مقالات أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب من مانهاتن
كتاب من مدينة نيويورك
كتب عظيمة
لاهوتيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
مربون أمريكيون
مربون أمريكيون في القرن 20
مواليد 1902
مواليد في نيويورك
موسوعيون أمريكيون
موسوعيون يهود
ميتافيزيقيون
مؤرخون من الفلسفة
نقاد اجتماعيون
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة كولومبيا
وفيات 2001
وفيات في بالو ألتو (كاليفورنيا)
يهود تحولوا إلى الأنجليكانية

مورتيمر أدلر


كيتفان «كاتي» ميلوا (ولدت في 16 سبتمبر 1984) هي مغنية جورجية/بريطانية، كاتبة أغاني وموسيقية. ولدت في جورجيا، لكن بعد ذلك انتقلت عائلتها إلى إيرلنده الشمالية عندما كانت في الثامنة من عمرها ثم انتقلت إلى إنجلترا عندما أصبح عمرها 14 سنة، ميلوا تغني لشركة تسجيلات دراماتيكو، وذلك تحت إدارة كاتب الأغاني مايك بات، وهو الذي ساهم في ظهورها لأول مرة في عام 2003. في عام 2006 أصبحت المغنية ذات المبيعات الكبيرة في إنجلترا، وأيضاً أصبحت المغنية ذات المبيعات الكبيرة في أوروبا

في نوفمبر 2003، عندما كانت في 19 من عمرها، أصدرت ميلوا أول ألبوم لها «ألغ البحث» والذي وصل إلى القمة في قائمة الألبومات البريطانية وبيع منه 1.8 مليون نسخة في أول خمسة شهور من إصداره، ألبومها الثاني «قطعة بقطعة» تم إصداره في سبتمبر 2005، وحتى الآن رشح بلاتينياً أربع مرات. أصدرت ميلوا ألبومها الثالث «صور» في أكتوبر 2007، والذي أعلنت من خلاله أنه آخر ألبوم لها بالتعاون مع مايك بات.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أرثوذكس شرقيون بريطانيون
أرثوذكس شرقيون جورجيون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من باطوم
أشخاص من تبليسي
أشخاص من كوتايسي
إنجليز من أصل جورجي
إنجليز من أصل روسي
إنجليز من أصل كندي
بريطانيون متجنسون
جورجيون من أصل روسي
جورجيون من أصل كندي
جورجيون مهاجرون إلى أيرلندا الشمالية
جورجيون مهاجرون إلى إنجلترا
مغنو جاز إنجليز
مغنون إنجليز في القرن 21
مغنون باللغة الإسبانية
مغنون باللغة الجورجية
مغنون ومغنيات وكتاب أغان إنجليز
مغنيات إنجليزيات في القرن 21
مغنيات وكاتبات أغان إنجليزيات
مواليد 1984
مواليد في كوتايسي
موسيقيون من بلفاست
موسيقيون من تبليسي
موسيقيون من لندن

كاتي ميلوا


Florin-Dan Tripa (n. ) este un fost deputat român, în legislatura 2016-2020.

Controverse
Pe 7 aprilie 2020 Direcția Națională Anticorupție l-a trimis în judecată Pe Florin Tripa pentru săvârșirea infracțiunilor de complicitate la abuz în serviciu și folosirea influenței sau autorității. În acest dosar au mai fost trimiși în judecată și foștii parlamentari Dorel Căprar, Luminița Jivan și Narcis Chisăliță.

Vezi și
 Legislatura 2016-2020 (Camera Deputaților)
 Parlamentul României

Legături externe
 Activitatea parlamentară

Politicieni români în viață
Deputați români 2016-2020
Membri ai Partidului Social Democrat

Florin-Dan Tripa


Étienne Louis Malus, (Pariz. 23. lipnja 1775. — Pariz, 23. veljače 1812.), bio je francuski inženjer i fizičar.

Malus je završio Politehničku školu u Parizu, a zatim je službovao u inženjeriji kao časnik. Bio je zamjenik direktora izgradnje fortifikacijskih utvrda kod Strasbourga (1806. – 1808.) a zatim je radio kao ispitivač na Politehničkoj školi u Parizu 1809. Član Francuske akademije znanosti postao je 1810. Malus je napravio nekoliko važnih otkrića u oblasti optike, otkrivši, između ostalog, zakone polarizacije svjetlosti (1808.), zbog čega ga je Kraljevsko društvo u Londonu odlikovalo Rumfordovom medaljom 1810. Njegovo ime nalazi se na popisu 72 znanstvenika ugraviranih na Eifellovom tornju.

Francuski inženjeri

Louis Malus