Sevmorput (,  Northeast Passage) is a Russian nuclear-powered cargo ship. The 1988-built vessel is one of only four nuclear-powered merchant ships ever built and, after returning to service in 2016 following an extensive refit, the only such vessel to remain in service .

History

Development and construction

After the Second World War, the Soviet Union began developing the Northern Sea Route in order to support the economic exploitation of the vast natural resources of the northern regions. The ambitious plan initiated by the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the 1950s led to the construction of powerful icebreakers to escort cargo ships through the ice-covered waters and extend the navigating season in the Russian Arctic. The flagship of the post-war Soviet icebreaker fleet was the world's first nuclear-powered icebreaker, Lenin.

While numerous warships and submarines were built with nuclear marine propulsion, attempts to utilize the nearly unlimited range provided by an onboard nuclear reactor to transport commercial cargo were limited to a small number of experimental prototypes. The United States had built the world's first nuclear-powered merchant ship, Savannah, primarily as a technological demonstrator and ambassador for the peaceful use of atomic power rather than an economically viable cargo ship. Similarly, both the West German Otto Hahn and the Japanese Mutsu were intended to be research ships and to provide experience from nuclear propulsion; the latter also never carried any commercial cargo.

However, the Soviet Union continued developing nuclear-powered ships to support Arctic shipping and began building new nuclear-powered icebreakers in the 1970s. On 30 May 1978, the Ministry of the Merchant Marine (MORFLOT) and the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry of the Soviet Union signed a joint decision No. C-13/01360 for the development of an ice-strengthened nuclear-powered lighter aboard ship (LASH) carrier. The design work was assigned to the Leningrad-based Central Design Bureau "Baltsudoproekt".

The keel of "Project 10081" was laid at Zaliv Shipyard in Kerch, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, on 1 June 1982 and the ship was launched on 20 February 1986. The nuclear-powered LASH carrier was named Sevmorput () after the Russian abbreviation for the Northern Sea Route (). The ship's KLT-40 reactor plant reached criticality on 26 October 1986. Sevmorput was delivered to the state-owned Murmansk Shipping Company (MSCO) on 31 December 1988.

The overall price of the nuclear-powered cargo ship was reported to be around US$265 million.

Career

Murmansk Shipping Company (1988–2008)

After leaving the shipyard and entering commercial service, Sevmorput sailed through the Mediterranean and around Africa until finally reaching the Soviet Far East. However, authorities in Nakhodka, Vostochny, Magadan and Vladivostok refused to accept the two-month-old ship into their ports due to popular protests. In addition the harbour workers also refused to load or unload any cargo or provide any port services due to fears of radiation leakage. This was caused by uncertainty about the safety of the ship's nuclear propulsion system and the shadow of the Chernobyl disaster only a few years earlier. The local newspapers had also reported a four-minute emergency on board the nuclear icebreaker Rossiya only a week before the arrival of Sevmorput. The ship was finally allowed to dock at Vladivostok on 13 March 1989.

The initial plan was to utilize Sevmorput in international transport, and the Soviet government applied for a permission to have the ship make several stops in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in March 1990. However, the permission was denied because the evacuation and emergency response measures of the city were not deemed adequate in case of an accident involving the ship's nuclear reactor. Later the ship was mainly used on the Murmansk-Dudinka route, but also made several trips to Vietnam in the early 1990s. The daily operating expenses of Sevmorput were reportedly around US$90,000 and she was not expected to make profit during the first two years of her career.

In the late 1990s, Sevmorput was laid up in Murmansk due to delays in the refueling of her reactor. The refueling finally took place in 2001 and later the ship resumed service on the Dudinka route.

In August 2007, it was reported that Sevmorput would be converted into the world's first nuclear-powered drillship due to lack of demand for cargo operators for lighters and the need of specialized drilling vessels in the Russian Arctic. The conversion at the Zvezdochka plant in Severodvinsk was to take only 18 months. However, the renovation project was cancelled in February 2008.

Atomflot (2008–present)

The management of the Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet was transferred from MSCO to Rosatom in 2008. In October 2009, the general director of Atomflot announced that Sevmorput could remain in service for 15 years.

In late October 2012, it was reported that Sevmorput, which had been lying idle at the Atomflot base outside Murmansk since 2007, had been removed from the Russian Ship Register in July and would be sold for scrap. However, in December 2013 it was reported that the decision to decommission the nuclear-powered ship had been cancelled and that the vessel would be brought back to service by February 2016. Following a two-year refit and refueling of the reactor, Sevmorput left Murmansk in November 2015 for the first time in nine years to carry out sea trials in the Barents Sea.

Since returning to service in 2016, the world's only nuclear-powered cargo ship has been chartered mainly by the Russian Ministry of Defence for transporting cargo related to the development of military infrastructure in the Arctic. In addition, the vessel has occasionally transported supplies for oil and gas projects.

In October 2018, the Russian Federal Agency for Fishery (Rosrybolovstvo), Rosatom and various Russian fishing industry organizations began discussing the possibility of transporting Pacific salmon caught in Kamchatka to western Russia along the Northern Sea Route using Sevmorput. Initially, two test shipments of 5,000tonnes of frozen fish from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Saint Petersburg were planned for 2019, but the second voyage was later cancelled after the first voyage turned out to be less profitable than expected. On 21 March 2019, Sevmporput sailed for the first time from Archangelsk to Utrenneye (Salmanovskoye) natural gas field at Gyda Peninsula to transport 17,000 tons of construction goods for Novatek's Arctic LNG-2 project. The passage took in total of five days. The ship completed the same journey also the next year in March 2020, delivering 20,000 tons of goods.

While Russian nuclear-powered icebreakers had occasionally operated in the Gulf of Finland, Sevmorputs pilot voyage in September 2019 marked the first time commercial cargo was carried to the Baltic Sea on board a Russian nuclear-powered vessel. While the vessel later returned to Murmansk, the sinking of the only Russian floating dock capable of accommodating the vessel in November 2018 forced Sevmorput to sail back to Saint Petersburg for propeller repairs in December 2019.

After transporting a second shipment of fish from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Saint Petersburg in September 2020, reportedly on the orders of President Vladimir Putin, Sevmorput loaded prefabricated building modules for the new Vostok Station in Antarctica and departed on 5 October. This would mark the first time a nuclear-powered surface ship would sail to the Earth's southernmost continent. After leaving the Baltic Sea and passing through the English Channel, Sevmorput headed south along the European and African coasts. However, shortly after crossing the Equator the vessel unexpectedly slowed down from its usual transit speed of about  to about  and, after sailing back and forth along its past track for a while, changed course towards Africa. Although Rosatomflot initially declined to comment the situation, unofficial reports implied that Sevmorput lost one of its four propeller blades and divers had to remove the opposite blade to balance the propeller. On 26 November, it was confirmed that Sevmorput would have to head back to Saint Petersburg for repairs and the construction of the new Vostok station would be postponed to 2021 due to deteriorating ice conditions in Antarctica. After a winter lay-up, the vessel was drydocked in April 2021 and the repairs were completed in July. Although metal fatigue, foreign object and improper operation were all considered potential explanations, the root cause of the propeller blade failure could not be determined.

In August 2021, Sevmorput sailed to Murmansk. After spending two months at quayside, the ship returned again to Saint Petersburg to load nuclear power plant components for Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant under construction in Bangladesh. The cargo will be shipped to Vladivostok for transshipment.

In October 2021, BSK-Rybnaya Kompaniya charted the nuclear-powered cargo ship to transport frozen fish from Kamchatka. The first voyage along the Northern Sea Route was scheduled for November 2021.

In October 2023, Sevmorput was one of the ships suspected by Finnish police of possible involvement in damage to the Balticconnector natural gas pipeline and telecommunication cables that occurred in the Gulf of Finland on 7 October. Another ship was the Hong Kong-registered container ship Newnew Polar Bear. Sevmorput was also suspected  of possible involvement in damage to EE-S1, a submarine communications cable between Sweden and Estonia.

Design

General characteristics

Sevmorput is  long overall and  between perpendiculars. The breadth and depth of her hull are  and , respectively. When loaded to the summer waterline, the ship draws  of water. However, in ice-covered waters she operates with a slightly smaller draught of  to improve the icebreaking characteristics of her raked stem. The gross tonnage of Sevmorput is 38,226 and net tonnage 11,468. The ship's deadweight tonnage is 33,980 tons at maximum draught and 26,480 tons while operating at reduced draught in ice. Her maximum displacement is 61,880 tons.

Although originally designed according to the USSR Register of Shipping rules of 1981 to the highest Soviet ice class available for merchant ships, ULA, Sevmorput is currently classified by the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping with a slightly lower ice class, UL. In addition to the national rules she was built according to the latest international regulations and conventions at the time, becoming the first ship built according to the Code of Safety for Nuclear Merchant Ships adopted by the International Maritime Organization in 1981. Special attention was paid to the safety aspects of the vessel and, in addition to running aground or colliding with the reinforced bow of an icebreaker, the Soviet naval architects even took into account the possibility of a passenger aircraft crashing on Sevmorput.

Power and propulsion

Sevmorput is powered by a single KLT-40 nuclear fission reactor with a thermal output of 135 megawatts. The reactor core contains  of 30–40- or 90-percent enriched uranium in uranium-zirconium alloy and has reportedly required refueling only twice. The nuclear power plant on board the vessel produces 215 tons of steam per hour at a pressure level of  and temperature of . In case of emergency steam can also be produced by a diesel-powered boiler (50 t/h, 2.45 MPa, 360 °C).

Unlike the Russian Arktika- and Taymyr-class nuclear-powered icebreakers, which have three fixed-pitch propellers and utilize nuclear-turbo-electric powertrain, Sevmorput is propelled by a single 4-bladed ducted controllable-pitch propeller mechanically coupled to a GTZA 684 OM5 steam turbine which has a maximum output of  and turns the  propeller at 115 rpm. At full power the propulsion system gives the ship a maximum speed of  at a draught of . She can also maintain a speed of  in  thick level ice.

For electricity production Sevmorput has three 1,700 kW turbogenerators and three 2,000 kW standby diesel generators. In addition in case of blackout the vessel also has two 200 kW emergency diesel generators.

Cargo capacity and handling

Sevmorput can carry 74 lighters, each with a cargo capacity of 300 tons, in six holds and in two layers on the stern deck. The cargo hold hatches are designed for lighters with a total weight of 450 tons. The lighters are loaded and unloaded with a large gantry crane, manufactured by KONE, with a span of  and lifting capacity of 500 tons. The gantry crane has two three-ton auxiliary cranes.

When not carrying lighters, Sevmorput can carry both 20- and 40-foot containers weighing up to 20.3 and 30.5 tons, respectively, in three layers. The total container capacity of the ship is . While loading and unloading are usually done by shore-based cranes, a small number of containers can be handled with two container attachments to the gantry crane in ports that do not have cranes capable of handling containers. The lifting capacity of the attachments is 38 tons. Later, Sevmorput has been fitted with two Russian-manufactured 60-tonne hydraulic boom cranes with a lifting radius of . The new cranes can also be used in tandem to lift 120-tonne loads.

See also

 Nuclear-powered icebreaker
 NS Mutsu
 NS Savannah
 NS Otto Hahn

Notes

References

Ships built in the Soviet Union
Nuclear-powered merchant ships
Icebreakers of Russia
Merchant ships of the Soviet Union
1986 ships
Murmansk Shipping Company
Ships built at the Zalyv Shipbuilding yard

Sevmorput


Le congrès universel d'espéranto de 1959 est le  congrès universel d'espéranto, organisé en août 1959, à Varsovie en Pologne.

Contexte

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Congrès mondial d'espéranto

1959
Espéranto en Pologne
Événement à Varsovie
1959 en Pologne

Congrès universel d'espéranto de 1959


Islamski kulturni centar u Sisku, džamija i vjersko-kulturna ustanova u Sisku.

Povijest
Sisak kao industrijski grad privukao je veliki broj muslimana iz Bosne i Hercegovine koji su po etničkoj pripadnosti Bošnjaci. U Sisak su dolazili posebno Bošnjaci iz iz zapadnog dijela Bosne, s područja Unsko-sanske županije koja graniči sa Sisačko-moslavačkom županijom. Bošnjaci se zapošljavaju najviše u sisačkoj Željezari te u nekoliko industrijskih tvrtki. Porastom broja bošnjačkog stanovništva, krajem 1960-tih godina javlja se potreba za organiziranjem vjerskog života te je 1967. godine osnovan prvi Džematski odbor Islamske zajednice, a 1974. godine kupljena je kuća koja je prenamijenjena za mesdžid, mekteb i imamski stan. Do gradnje centra prostorije Medžlisa Islamske zajednice u Sisku nalazile su se desetljećima u kući na periferiji Siska, gdje je vjerski opsluživano 2.500 vjernika u Sisku i 4.000 u Sisačko-moslavačkoj županiji, gdje žive tri generacije.

Bio je to jedini prostor gdje su se mlade i starije generacije Bošnjaka okupljale, jedino mjesto gdje su djeca pohađala mekteb, poučavala propisima vjere, kur'anskom pismu te moralnom ponašanju u kući, obitelji i društvu. Najteži period bio je tokom Domovinskog rata kada je mesdžid bio blizu prve linije obrane od neprijatelja.

Godine 2006. Mešihat Islamske zajednice u Hrvatskoj kupuje zemljište za izgradnju džamije u naselju Caprag, dijelu grada gdje živi najveći broj bošnjačke populacije. Iako je zemljište kupljeno, bilo je u suvlasničkom odnosu ½ s Republikom Hrvatskom što je Islamsku zajednicu sprečavalo da započne s gradnjom džamije. Godine 2007. Medžlis Islamske zajednice je proveo Natječaj za izradu idejno-urbanističkog rješenja Islamskog centra te je jednoglasno prihvaćeno idejno rješenje projektantske kuće FORUM d.o.o. iz Zagreba, autora Faruka Muzurovića.

Godine 2008. godine Vlada Republike Hrvatske na svojoj sjednici donijela je Rješenje o podjeli suvlasničke zajednice između Republike Hrvatske i Islamske zajednice u Hrvatskoj koja je postala potpuni vlasnik 1/1 zemljišne parcele od 23.667 m². Kroz ovu Odluku najvišeg zakonodavnog tijela, projekat gradnje džamije u Sisku dobio je i najvišu državnu potporu kao projekat od državnog interesa.  U 2015. godini započeli su prvi konkretni radovi na zemljištu kroz fazu čišćenja i krčenja zemljišta od raslinja, drveća i različitog otpada.

Godine 2016. godine ishodovana je građevinska dozvola. Svečano potpisivanje ugovora o gradnji Islamskog kulturnog centar u Sisku, bilo je 15. svibnja 2017. godine u Sisku. To je treći islamski centar u Hrvatskoj, pored onih u Zagrebu i Rijeci i šesta džamija, računajući onu iz Gunji koja je danas najstarija u Hrvatskoj. Vrijednost ulaganja je 50,9 milijuna kuna. U vrijeme potpisivanja bio je jedini vjerski objekt koji je zbog svog sadržaja od Vlade RH proglašen objektom od društvenog interesa.

Pri gradnji centra namjera je pokušati postići da Sisak putem raznolikih aktivnosti u novoj građevini postane "prijateljsko" odredište za ulagače iz dominantno muslimanskih dijelova svijeta, primjerice, s turskom razvojnom agencijom Tika.
Islamski kulturni centar bit će džamija i imat će i druge društvene sadržaje potrebnih Sisku, koji će dobiti i novu vizuru. U okviru Centra bit će omladinski klub, dvorana, učionice, knjižnica s čitaonicom, stanovi za imame, sobe za goste, uredske prostorije. Uz glavno ulagača, izdašnu financijsku potporu dale su neke islamske zemlje, kao kuvajtski emir s pola milijuna dolara, pomoć je obećao i turski Ureda za vjerske poslove.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Islamska zajednica u Hrvatskoj  Sisak

Islamski vjerski objekti u Hrvatskoj
Vjerski objeki u Sisku
Džamije u Hrvatskoj

Islamski kulturni centar u Sisku


George Levick Street III (July 27, 1913 – February 26, 2000) was a submariner in the United States Navy. He received the Medal of Honor during World War II.

Early life and career
Street was born in Richmond, Virginia. He joined the Naval Reserve in 1931 and was selected for an appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy in 1933; he graduated in 1937.

After serving in the gunnery and communications departments of  and the navigation and engineering departments of , he volunteered for the Submarine School at New London, Connecticut.  After graduating, Street served three years in , from her commissioning on April 14, 1941, until February 27, 1944. Street served in this fleet submarine, first as Gunnery and Torpedo Officer, then as First Lieutenant and Torpedo Data Computer Operator and finally as Executive Officer and Navigator.

World War II
While serving in Gar, he made nine war patrols. Street received two Silver Stars for his "for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action against the enemy while serving as Assistant Approach Officer aboard the ... U.S.S. GAR (SS-206)" on Gar's first and tenth patrols.

On July 6, 1944, LCDR Street reported to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard to fit out the , his first command. Commissioning the ship in November, the captain took his new boat for shakedown training in Long Island Sound and further training in waters off Panama and Hawaii. The ship's first war patrol, commencing March 3, 1945, was southwest of Kyūshū, Japan's southernmost island. By that point in the war, most of Japan's merchant fleet had already been  sunk, but Street went into shallow water close to shore and found several ships.

Searching westward of Kyushu, Tirante patrolled the approaches to Nagasaki. She had good hunting. She sank the 703-ton tanker Fuji Maru on 25 March and followed this success with the sinking of the 1,218-ton freighter Nase Maru three days later. After the latter attack, Japanese escorts kept Tirante down for seven hours, before she slipped away from her hunters, unscathed.

On 31 March, Tirante shelled and sank a 70-ton lugger with 5-inch and 40-millimeter gunfire and, on 1 April, missed an LST-type vessel with a spread of three torpedoes. The submarine soon shifted to waters off the south coast of Korea, near the Strait of Tsushima. At twilight on 6 April, she battle-surfaced and captured a small Japanese fishing vessel and took its three crewmen prisoner before sinking the prize.

The following day, Tirante torpedoed a 2,800-ton cargo freighter loaded with a deck cargo of oil drums. The submarine surfaced, looked over the debris, and directed nearby Korean fishing craft to pick up two survivors who were clinging to pieces of wreckage. Nevertheless, although observers on the submarine reported witnessing the maru's sinking, post-war examination of Japanese records failed to confirm the "kill."

Having broken the Japanese codes, American naval intelligence men were able to anticipate Japanese movements. One intercepted enemy message told of an important convoy steaming toward Tirante's area. In response to this information, the submarine laid an ambush on 9 April. Picking out two targets, she fired three torpedoes at each. One spread missed, but the other struck the 5,500-ton transport Nikko Maru— carrying homeward-bound Japanese soldiers and sailors from Shanghai. As the important auxiliary slipped beneath the waves, enemy escorts leapt to the offensive. To ward off the counterattack, Tirante fired a "cutie" (a small anti-escort homing torpedo) at one of the escorts and heard subsequent "breaking-up noises." But again, post-war accounting failed to confirm the sinking.

On 15 April 1945, following a report from Naval Intelligence, Street took  into Cheju harbor — on the surface, to avoid shoals and minefields. Using six of his seven remaining torpedoes, he sank a freighter and two of its escorts. For this action,  was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation (US), Street received the Medal of Honor, and his executive officer, LT Edward L. Beach Jr., received the Navy Cross.

Beginning her second patrol, Tirante departed from Midway on 20 May 1945 as command ship of the nine-boat "wolfpack" dubbed "Street's Sweepers." They patrolled the Yellow and East China Seas on the lookout for enemy targets—by then dwindling in number. Tirante located a four-ship convoy on 11 June, in the first patrol's hunting grounds off Nagasaki. She evaded the three escorts long enough to get a shot at the lone merchantman, an 800-ton cargo freighter, and pressed home a successful attack. Post-war Japanese records, though, do not confirm a "kill."

The next day, Tirante pulled off nearly a repeat performance of her hit-and-run raid at Cheju. She crept into Ha Shima harbor, some seven miles from Nagasaki and picked out the 2,200-ton Hakuju Maru moored alongside a colliery. From a range of 1,000 yards, the submarine fired a "down the throat" shot at the maru which exploded with a roar. The second torpedo failed to detonate, but the third completed the destruction begun by the first. As shells from shore guns fell around her, Tirante bent on speed and cleared the area.

Resuming her roving patrols, Tirante and her sister submarines attacked shipping between Korea and Japan, destroying junks carrying supplies from Korea to the Japanese home islands. Boarding parties from the submarine would take off the masters for questioning, put the crew in life boats, and set the craft afire. Tirante sank a dozen in this manner and also destroyed two heavily armed picket boats with surface gunfire before returning to Guam on 19 July 1945. For this patrol, LCDR Street was awarded the Navy Cross. That citation reads in part "...For extraordinary heroism ...Tracking his targets relentlessly ...(he) launched his smashing torpedo and gunfire attacks against hostile freighters, junks and picket boats, sinking over 7000 tons of shipping vital to Japanese supply..."

Tirante departed Guam on 12 August 1945 on what would have been her third war patrol. The end of the war, however, cut this operation short and the submarine put into Midway on 23 August. Eventually sailing for the east coast of the United States, Tirante moored at the Washington Navy Yard in Octoberat which the newly promoted CDR Street received his Medal of Honor at a White House ceremony.

World War II summary

Medal of Honor action
Tirante's first war patrol, beginning in March 1945, cost Japan at least six ships.  Most notably
while patrolling the Yellow Sea between Quelpart Island (Cheju Do) and the mouth of the Yangtze, she received an intelligence report which informed her that an important Japanese transport was at Cheju, the main port on Quelpart Island. Under cover of darkness, Tirante began her approach on the surface. In defiance of possible enemy radar or patrolling planes or ships, she closed the coast and penetrated the mine- and shoal-obstructed waters within the 10-fathom (60-foot) curve line. Prepared to fight her way out, Tirante then entered the harbor where she found three targets: two escort vessels and the 4,000-ton Juzan Maru.

The submarine launched three torpedoes at the maru, which blew up in a massive explosion."A tremendous, beautiful explosion," Commander Street would write in his report. "A great mushroom of white blinding flame shot 2,000 feet into the air. Not a sound was heard for a moment, but then a tremendous roar flattened our ears against our heads. The jackpot, and no mistake!"The conflagration clearly illuminated Tirante and alerted the Mikura-class escort vessels Nomi and Kaibokan No. 31 which immediately got underway toward the invading submersible. While she headed back out to sea at flank speed, Tirante launched a spread of torpedoes which hit and destroyed both pursuers. En route to Midway, the submarine captured two Japanese airmen (bringing her prisoner total to five) and concluded her first war patrol on 25 April.

Tirante's stellar performance earned Comdr. Street the Medal of Honor. Lt. Edward L. Beach, the executive officer—and later commander of Triton (SSRN-586) during the submarine's submerged circumnavigation of the globe—received the Navy Cross. The ship, herself, was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation.
His medal of citation reads:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of the U.S.S. Tirante during the first war patrol of that vessel against enemy Japanese surface forces in the harbor of Cheju, Quelpart Island, off the coast of Korea, on 14 April 1945. With the crew at surface battle stations, Comdr. (then Lt. Comdr.) Street approached the hostile anchorage from the south within 1,200 yards [1100 m] of the coast to complete a reconnoitering circuit of the island. Leaving the 10-fathom [18 m] curve far behind he penetrated the mined and shoal-obstructed waters of the restricted harbor despite numerous patrolling vessels and in defiance of 5 shore-based radar stations and menacing aircraft. Prepared to fight it out on the surface if attacked, Comdr. Street went into action, sending 2 torpedoes with deadly accuracy into a large Japanese ammunition ship and exploding the target in a mountainous and blinding glare of white flames. With the Tirante instantly spotted by the enemy as she stood out plainly in the flare of light, he ordered the torpedo data computer set up while retiring and fired his last 2 torpedoes to disintegrate in quick succession the leading frigate and a similar flanking vessel. Clearing the gutted harbor at emergency full speed ahead, he slipped undetected along the shoreline, diving deep as a pursuing patrol dropped a pattern of depth charges at the point of submergence. His illustrious record of combat achievement during the first war patrol of the Tirante characterizes Comdr. Street as a daring and skilled leader and reflects the highest credit upon himself, his valiant command, and the U.S. Naval Service.

However, Captain Street was most proud of Tirante's Presidential Unit Citation.  "As Captain Street put it, 'I really treasure that more than the Medal of Honor because every man was there with us.'"

Post-World War II
Street was promoted to Commander in July 1945 and, in January 1946, left  to become the Navy's technical adviser for the submarine documentary film The Silent Service.   That summer, he transferred to the Office of Naval Research and assisted in organizing the first Undersea Symposium.  His next assignment, as Commanding Officer of , lasted from November 1946 to June 1948. This included operations as a radar picket submarine supporting aircraft carrier task forces.   Following instruction at the Armed Forces Staff College at Norfolk, Virginia, in 1949, Commander Street served on its faculty in the Research and Development Division.  In 1951, after attending the Fleet Sonar School at Key West, Florida, he assumed command of the , a destroyer modified for anti-submarine purposes.  Street commanded Submarine Division Sixty-Two 1952–1953, evaluating the use of several radar picket submarines working as a team.  He then returned to the Office of the Chief of the Naval Operations as Assistant for the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Armed Forces Policy Council.

In July 1955, Street was promoted to Captain. Upon completion of classes at the National War College in Washington, D.C., in July 1956, he served on the Staff to the Commander in Chief of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet.  Returning to sea in July 1958, he commanded the attack transport .  A year later, Captain Street became  Commanding Officer and Professor of Naval Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Cambridge, Massachusetts. In October 1961, he took command of Submarine Squadron Five and, the next fall, joined the Staff of the Naval War College.  His final assignment, beginning in December 1964, was as Commander Submarine Group, San Francisco Bay Area and Commander Mare Island Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet.  Upon his retirement, Captain Street was selected as the Senior Naval Science Instructor for one of the newly authorized Navy JROTC units located at Woburn High School, Woburn Massachusetts. He served in this position until 1977 when retired from the Woburn School system.

Retirement and death
Captain Street retired from active duty on 10 August 1966.   He resided in Andover, Massachusetts, and was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts.

George L. Street III died on 26 February 2000 at the Academy Manor Nursing Home in Andover. In keeping with his request, half his cremated remains were dispersed at sea from a submarine, and half were buried at Arlington National Cemetery on 15 March 2000.

Popular culture
Edward Beach, Tirante's executive officer on her first patrol, modeled his first novel, Run Silent, Run Deep (1955), on his wartime experiences.

Awards
George L. Street III received the following medals and decorations

See also

 List of Medal of Honor recipients

Notes

References

External links

1913 births
2000 deaths
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Recipients of the Silver Star
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Navy officers
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States submarine commanders
Military personnel from Richmond, Virginia
United States Navy personnel of World War II
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor

George L. Street III


Troskabsvædsken er en stumfilm fra 1913 instrueret af Sofus Wolder efter manuskript af Christian Nobel, Kai Bergsøe.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1913

Troskabsvædsken


Tradicijska kuća je objekt u općini Gornja Stubica zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Objekt tradicijske arhitekture, drvena prizemnica s ukopanim drvenim podrumom, građena na tradicijski način stubičkog kraja sredinom 19. st., nalazi se u Gornjoj Stubici u Zagrebačkoj ulici br. 8. Izduženog pravokutnog tlocrta, građena je od horizontalno slaganih hrastovih planjki međusobno spajanih na preklop, tzv. "vugliće", omazanih ilovačom i obijeljenih vapnom s vanjske strane. Prizemnica je izvorno troprostorna, s pristupom na sredini dužeg glavnog pročelja, orijentiranog prema ulici s kuhinjom u sredini i sobama sa svake strane. Sačuvana je stara stolarija.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-3507 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "profana graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene stambene građevine u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji

Tradicijska kuća u Gornjoj Stubici


بلدية باويبلا ديل برايور , هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة بطليوس, التي تقع في منطقة إكستريمادورا, والتي تقع في غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 565 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في بطليوس
بلديات بطليوس

باويبلا ديل برايور


An Tridens nicorae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ana Maria Anton. An Tridens nicorae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tridens, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tridens (Poaceae)

Tridens nicorae


وادي المومياءات الذهبية
يقع في الواحات البحرية، وكان اكتشاف رئيس المجلس الأعلى للآثار المصرية د.زاهي حواس عن 192 مومياء مغطاة بالذهب وتقع بجوارها أماكن مثل الصحراء البيضاء والسوداء وكان من أكبر الاكتشافات التي اكتشفها د.زاهي.

محافظة الجيزة
مصر الرومانية
مواقع أثرية في مصر

وادي المومياوات الذهبية


බගන් - රාජ්‍යයේ අගනුවරයි - පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජු එම රාජ්‍යයට 1164 දී ආක්‍රමණයක් දියත් කළේය.

බගන් රාජ්‍යය නැතහොත් වර්තමාන මියන්මාර් රාජ්‍යයත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවත් අතර වෙළඳ කටයුතු සහ දෙරටටම පොදු ආගම වූ ථෙරවාද බුදු දහම හේතු කො‍ටගෙන ඉතා මිත්‍රශීලී සම්බන්ධතාවයක් දිගු කලක් පුරා පැවැත්තේය. 9 වෙනි ශත වර්ෂයේදී බගන් රාජ්‍යය බලවත් රාජ්‍යයක් ලෙස මතු වුණු අතර 11 වැනි ශත වර්ෂය වන විට එහි අගනුවර වූ අරිමද්ධනපුර බෞද්ධ ධර්මය ඉගැන්වීමේ මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් විය.	එහෙත් අලෝංග් සිථු ගේ මුණුබුරු නරතු (1160 - 1165) බලයට පත් වූ විගස තත්වය පුදුමාකාර ලෙස වෙනස් විය. මුලින්ම ඔහු පෙර පටන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජු සමග පවත්වාගෙන පැමිණි දූත මෙහෙවර නවතා දැමුවේය. එපමණක් නොව ඔහු පිටරටවලට අලි ඇතුන් විකිණීම ද තහනම් කරමින් නියෝග පැනවීය. එමෙන්ම ඔහුට තෑගි ගෙන ආ විදේශ නැව්වලට අලියෙකු තෑගි කිරීමේ බොහෝ පැරණි සිරිත ද අහෝසි කළේය.පසු කාලයක ඔහු  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දූතයන් සිරගතකර වදහිංසා පමුණුවා තිබුණේය. එපමණක් නොව ඔවුන් සතු මිළ මුදල්, දේපළ, ඔවුන්ගේ අලි ඇතුන්ද පැහැර ගෙන නාවික යාත්‍රා රාජ සන්තක කර තිබුණේය. පසුව ඔවුනට නිවේදනයක් නිකුත් කරමින් දන්වා සිටියේ:

	" මෙතැන් පටන් කිසිදු සිංහල නැවක් මගේ රටට නොඑවිය යුතුය. මින් පසු එසේ එවා ඔවුන් මරන්නට සිදු වුව‍හොත්  දොස් නොපැවරිය යුතු බවත් ලිඛිතව දැන්විය යුතු බවත්ය. එසේ නොකරන්නේ නම් ආපසු මව් රට බලා යාමට අවසර නොලැබේ."

මෙය විශේෂයෙන් ශ්‍රී ලාංකික වෙළඳුන්ට පමණක් එරෙහිව ගත් පියවරක් ද නැතහොත් බර්ගන් දේශ සිමා වැනසීමේදී ගත් පොදු තීරණයක්දැයි යන්න ගැන කීමට පැහැදිළි සාක්ෂි නැත. හේතුව කුමක් වුවද එයින් පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජු අතිශයින් කෝප විය. පල්ලවවන්ක නම් ස්ථානයේදී  එක් රැස් කොට ඔහු බගන් කරා අති දරුණු හමුදාවක් පිටත් කර හැ‍රියේය. මෙම හමුදාවේ ප්‍රමාණය හරිහැටි නොදනී. එහෙත් වාර්තා වන අන්දමට එම හමුදාවට වර්ෂයකට සෑහෙන ධාන්‍ය, විශේෂයෙන් නවීකරණය කරන ලද ඊතල, සහ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අති දරුණු යුධ ඇතුන් ඇතුළත් වී තිබුණි. මෙම යුධ චාරිකාවේදී එක් යාත්‍රාවක් ගිලී යාම, තවත් යාත්‍රා කීපයක් විනාශ වීම වැනි පසු බෑම් කීපයක් සිදු වුවද එම හමුදාව බැගෝ නදී ඉවුරේ පිහිටි කුසුමිය නගරයට (වර්තමාන පැතේන්) ළඟා වී එය අත්පත් කර ගත්හ. ඉන් පසුව අරිමද්ධනපුර ඇතුළු තවත් නගර කීපයක්ද අල්ලා ගෙන නරතු මරා දමා නැවතත් දෙරට අතර සබඳතා යහපත් තත්වයකට ගෙනාවේය.

මෙම බගන් ආක්‍රමණය පිළිබඳ විස්තරය සමහර විට අතිශයෝක්තියක් වන්න‍ට පුළුවන. විශේෂයෙන් බුරුම වංශකථාවල මෙබඳු මහා ආක්‍රමණයක් ගැන විස්තර සඳහන් නොවේ. එසේ වුවත් කිසියම් ආකාරයක ආක්‍රමණයක් තිබුණු බවත් එය සාර්ථක වූ බවටත් තොරතුරු තිබේ. ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආක්‍රමණයත්, නරතු රජු සිහසුනෙන් පහ කිරිමත් පිළිබඳ කථාව මියන්මාරයේ ද ප්‍රචලිතය. තවත් තොරතුරු අනුව සමකාලීන ලේඛණයක් වූ දෙවනගල සෙල් ලිපියේ කිත්තිනගරගිරි නම් සෙනෙවියාට ගම්වර පවරා දුන් බවක් කියැවේ. එම සෙනෙවියා  යුද්ධයේදී නායකත්වය දැරීම උදෙසා එම ගම්වර තෑගි කළ බව සඳහන් වන අතර, රාමඤ්ඤ දේශය ගැනත් භූවන දත්ත නම් රජෙකු ගැනත් සඳහන් වේ. මේ භූවන දත්ත යන නම 'නරතු' යන්නෙහි සිංහල ස්වරූපය විය හැකිය.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A2kramab%C3%A2hu_I#War_with_Bagan.2C_1164.E2.80.931165

බගන් රාජ්‍යය සමග යුද්ධය


La crête sphénoïdale  est une saillie osseuse qui parcourt médialement la face inférieure (la crête sphénoïdale inférieure) et la face antérieure (la crête sphénoïdale antérieure) du corps du sphénoïde.

A l'union des deux parties se projette sur l'avant un bec osseux : le rostre sphénoïdal.

La partie inférieure s'insère entre les deux ailes du vomer. La partie antérieure s'articule avec le bord postérieur de la lame perpendiculaire de l'os ethmoïde.

Notes et références

Crâne

Crête sphénoïdale


× Achicodonia, generički naziv hibridnog roda nastao križanjem vrsta trajnica iz porodice gesnerijevki, Achimenes (ahimen) i  Eucodonia (eukodonija). Opisaso ga je Hans Joachim Wiehler 1976. godine. Jedini predstavnik je × Achicodonia eucodonioides (sin. Plectopoma eucodonioides Van Houtte).

 × Achicodonia eucodonioides 'Cornell Gem'
 × Achicodonia eucodonioides 'Dark Star'
 × Achicodonia eucodonioides 'Dark Velvet'
 × Achicodonia eucodonioides 'Shogun' (× Achidonia 'Shogun')
 × Achicodonia eucodonioides 'Tyche' (× Achidonia 'Tyche')
 × Achicodonia eucodonioides 'Very Good' (× Achidonia 'Very Good')

Izvori

Gesnerijevke

× Achicodonia


Die Langkofelhütte (, ) ist eine Schutzhütte in den Südtiroler Dolomiten in den italienischen Alpen.

Lage und Umgebung
Die Langkofelhütte befindet sich bei der Einmündung des Plattkofelkars in das Langkofelkar (ladinisch Dantersasc), der zwei von den Bergen der Langkofelgruppe umgebenen Hochtäler zwischen dem Langkofel und dem Plattkofel. Sie liegt auf  Höhe auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde St. Christina.

Die Hütte dient als Stützpunkt für Wanderungen und Klettereien in der Langkofelgruppe. Wenn man das Tal in nordwestliche Richtung verlässt, erreicht man gegen Norden den Monte Pana und Gröden und gegen Westen die Seiser Alm. Folgt man dem Weg nach Südosten höher ins Langkofelkar hinauf, gelangt man über die Langkofelscharte mit der Toni-Demetz-Hütte zum Sellajoch. In südwestliche Richtung erreicht man durch das Plattkofelkar aufsteigend den Oskar-Schuster-Klettersteig, der auf den Plattkofel führt.

Geschichte

Eine erste Hütte am Langkofel wurde 1894 von der Akademischen Sektion Wien des Deutschen und Österreichischen Alpenvereins (DÖAV) erbaut, fiel jedoch im Winter 1900–1901 einer Lawine zum Opfer. 1903 erfolgte ein zweistöckiger Neubau in einer geschützteren Lage, der 1906–1908 deutlich erweitert wurde. Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg wurde die Hütte vom italienischen Staat enteignet und der Sektion Vicenza des Club Alpino Italiano (CAI) übergeben.

Zusammen mit 24 weiteren vom Staat enteigneten Schutzhütten ging die Langkofelhütte 1999 in das Eigentum der Autonomen Provinz Bozen – Südtirol über; mit Jahresende 2010 lief die Konzession zu deren Führung durch den CAI aus. Seit 2015 wird das Land Südtirol bei der Verwaltung der Hütte (Vergabe an Pächter, Überwachung der Führung, Sanierungsmaßnahmen) durch eine paritätische Kommission unterstützt, in der neben der öffentlichen Hand auch der AVS und der CAI vertreten sind.

Ein reich bebildertes Hüttenbuch mit Einträgen vom Tag der Eröffnung am 9. September 1894 bis zum Jahr 1908 wird im Museum Gherdëina in St. Ulrich aufbewahrt.

Weblinks

 Website der Langkofelhütte

Einzelnachweise

Alpenhütte in Südtirol
St. Christina in Gröden
Langkofelgruppe
Schutzhütte des Landes Südtirol
Ehemalige Schutzhütte des Österreichischen Alpenvereins

Langkofelhütte


Telupid ist eine Kleinstadt und ein Unterdistrikt in Sabah, Malaysia. Telupid liegt 123 Kilometer westlich von Sandakan und gehört zum Distrikt Beluran in der Sandakan Division.

Geschichte
Der Unterdistrikt Telupid wurde am 1. Juli 1977 gegründet. Die Leitung hatte anfangs ein Assistant District Officer mit vier Mitarbeitern. Am 1. Juli 1993 wurde mit dem Bau eines neuen Verwaltungsgebäudes begonnen. Es wurde am 16. August 1996 durch den Minister für ländliche Entwicklung, Datuk Yahya Bin Hussin, eingeweiht. Mittlerweile besteht die Verwaltung aus einem Assistant Distrikt Officer und 19 Mitarbeitern.

Demographie
Laut Bevölkerungsstatistik von 2010 hat die Kleinstadt Telupid 3.237 Einwohner, überwiegend Dusun (60 %). Die übrigen Einwohner des Unterdistrikts – etwa 10.000 Personen – verteilen sich auf die Dörfer und Siedlungen.

Gliederung
Zu Telupid gehören der
 Mukim Ulu Labuk mit den Siedlungen Kopuron (788), Lumou (550), Taviu (438), Wonod (977), Melapi (274), Tapaang (341), Telupid Batu 4 (439), Gading/Pekan (720) und der
 Mukim Liwogu mit den Siedlungen Gambaron (604), Bauto (713), Leninkung (350), Buis (323), Berayong (250), Kiabau (332), Ansuan (456) und Baba (165).
Die Zahlen in Klammern geben die Anzahl der Einwohner wieder.

Die Palmölplantage von Pamol bildet mit seinen 17 Siedlungen (Bayok, Tagas-Tagas, Lumantik, Kamansi, Tolungan Tongod, Kokos, Cenderamata, Botition, Basinti Baru, Basinti Lama (Dorom-Dorom), Basai Baru, Rungus Baru, Lintabung Darat, Timbulus, Dampiron, Monopod) einen eigenen mukim und wird von Telupid aus mitverwaltet.

Infrastruktur
Telupid ist über die zweispurige A4 (Tuaran-Sandakan) an das Fernstraßennetz von Sabah angeschlossen. Der Flughafen Telupid, ein Flugplatz für Leichtflugzeuge wurde 1983 geschlossen.

Literatur
 K. G. Tregonning: A History Of Modern Sabah (North Borneo 1881–1963). 2. Ausgabe. University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur 1965, Reprint 1967.
 Owen Rutter: British North Borneo – An Account of its History, Ressources and Native Tribes. Constable & Company, London 1922; .
 W. H. Treacher: British Borneo – Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan and North Borneo. Government print department, Singapore 1891; .

Weblinks

 Webpräsenz des Unterdistrikts Telupid

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Distrikt Beluran
Ort auf Borneo

Telupid


Neosharpiella, rod pravih mahovina iz porodice Gigaspermaceae. Postoje dvije priznate vrste, obje opisane 1973. godine

Tipična je  N. aztecorum iz središnjeg Meksika, dok je  N. turgida iz Južne Amerike (Bolivija).

Vrste
 Neosharpiella aztecorum H. Rob. & Delgad.
 Neosharpiella turgida (Mitt.) H. Rob. & Delgad.

Izvori

Prave mahovine

Neosharpiella


Sfântul Herculan din Perugia (it.: Ercolano, d. 549 d.Hr., Perugia, Regatul Ostrogot) a fost episcop de Perugia și este sfânt patron al acelui oraș. Ziua sa de sărbătoare principală este 7 noiembrie; a doua sărbătoare este pe 1 martie. Potrivit Sfântului Grigore cel Mare în Dialogurile sale, Herculan a suferit un martiriu când Totila, regele ostrogoților, a capturat Perugia în 549.

Înainte ca orașul să fie capturat, se spune că Herculan a încercat să salveze orașul cu o rușine veche: a hrănit ultimul miel cu ultimul sac de grâu. Aceasta avea ca scop să ofere forțelor Ostrogoților impresia că perugienii aveau mâncare de rezervă și că erau capabili să hrănească un miel slab cu cerealele lor prețioase. Cu mâncare de rezervă, au reușit astfel să reziste asediului. Cu toate acestea, Totila nu a fost păcălit de acest truc și a capturat orașul.

Se spune că lui Totila i s-au dat ordine ca Herculanus să fie complet înfundat. Cu toate acestea, soldatul ostrogot care a trebuit să îndeplinească această sarcină groaznică i s-a făcut milă de episcop și l-a decapitat pe Herculan.

Locuitorii castelului din Cisterna din Umbria, deasupra râului Puglia, se aflau sub conducerea Perugiei și erau obligați să trimită trei kilograme de ceară la Perugia pentru sărbătoarea Sfântului Herculan.

Referințe

Sfinți romano-catolici
Biserica CatolicăBiserica OrtodoxăDecese în 549

Sfântul Herculan


Robert Tyrone Hayes, também conhecido como o Matador ou Assassino de Daytona Beach (Daytona Beach Killer) é um serial killer dos Estados Unidos condenado pelo assassinato de três mulheres na área de Daytona Beach, Flórida, entre dezembro de 2005 e dezembro de 2007. Ele também está sendo julgado pela morte de uma quarta mulher.

Os crimes

As vítimas
Laquetta Gunther, de 45 anos: a primeira vítima de Hayes tinha 45 anos e foi encontrada em um beco em 26 de dezembro de 2005. Ela havia sido baleada na nuca e a polícia conseguiu colher material genético no local;

Julie Green, de 34 anos: a segunda vítima do assassino foi encontrada em 14 de janeiro de 2006. Ela também também havia sido baleada na nuca. Nenhum DNA foi recuperado, mas marcas de pneus foram encontradas e direcionaram para um Taurus ou Sable 2003;

Iwana Patton, de 35 anos: seu corpo foi encontrado em 24 de fevereiro de 2006 em uma estrada de terra. Ela havia sido baleada, mas na parte da frente da cabeça e possivelmente havia lutado com seu assassino. O DNA foi recuperado, juntamente com uma cápsula de um projétil que permitiu à polícia identificar a marca e o modelo da pistola usada, um Smith & Wesson Sigma Series VE, calibre 40;

Stacey Charlene Gage, de 30 anos: os restos mortais foram encontrados em 2 de janeiro de 2008. Ela havia sido baleada na cabeça e a polícia acredita que ela foi morta em 11 de dezembro de 2007, no mesmo dia em que teria saído para comprar um saco de gelo, reporta o Headline Surfer. Gage, ao contrário das outras vítimas, não era prostituta.

Nota: o processo pela morte de Gage ocorre separado dos outros.

Perfil das vítimas e modus operandi
Todas as três mulheres eram prostitutas e foram mortas com um único tiro, tendo os corpos sido descartados em áreas remotas. Segundo avaliações da polícia, por serem prostitutas, elas acompanhavam voluntariamente o assassino. O assassino não escondia os corpos.

"As autoridades disseram que as mulheres eram semelhantes em altura, peso e idade, e eram profissionais do sexo", reporta o portal especializado Law and Crime.

Stacey Charlene Gage também foi baleada na cabeça, mas não era prostituta, e Hayes ainda não foi julgado por este caso (em fev/22).

Investigações
A polícia de Daytona Beach usou coletou DNA de dezenas de motoristas que se encaixavam no perfil de um homem branco com uma namorada. As amostras foram levadas para um laboratório para combinar com material genético retirado das cenas do crime.

Robert Hayes
Hayes era um homem acima de qualquer suspeita, por assim dizer. O NY Post escreveu que ele era um "ex-líder de torcida da faculdade e membro da banda que tinha um lado sombrio que desconhecido para seus amigos".

Em 15 de setembro de 2019, funcionários do condado de Palm Beach prenderam Robert Tyrone Hayes, 37, em sua casa em West Palm Beach pelo assassinato de Rachel Bey em 7 de março de 2016. O DNA encontrado em Bey combinava com o DNA recuperado de Gunther e Green, duas das vítimas do Assassino de Daytona Beach e testes de balística conectam Hayes ao assassinato de Patton.

Lori Napolitano, chefe do departamento forense do Departamento de Polícia da Flórida, informou que o DNA coletado das vítimas foi colocado em um banco de dados genético usado por pessoas que tentavam encontrar parentes há muito perdidos e que, com isto, uma ligação para Hayes foi estabelecida. Hayes foi colocado "sob vigilância" e a polícia recolheu uma ponta de cigarro usada para coloetar o DNA  que o ligou aos assassinatos. Testes adicionais após sua prisão confirmaram a ligação.

Julgamento e pena
No dia 23 de fevereiro de 2022, Hayes foi considerado culpado pelos assassinatos de Laquetta Gunther, Julie Green e Iwana Patton, enquanto o ulgamento de Hayes pela morte de Stacey Charlene Gage, sua quarta vítima, acontece num processo separado.

Segundo o NY Post, a acusação busca sua condenação por pena de morte.

Ver também

 Assassino em série
 Lista de assassinos em série por número de vítimas

Referências

Sumário

Assassinos em série
Criminosos dos Estados Unidos
Assassinos em série dos Estados Unidos

Robert Tyrone Hayes


Rossmoyne é um lugar designado pelo censo localizado no condado de Hamilton no estado estadounidense de Ohio. No Censo de 2010 tinha uma população de 2.230 habitantes e uma densidade populacional de 1.456,87 pessoas por km².

Geografia
Rossmoyne encontra-se localizado nas coordenadas . Segundo o Departamento do Censo dos Estados Unidos, Rossmoyne tem uma superfície total de 1.53 km², da qual 1.53 km² correspondem a terra firme e (0%) 0 km² é água.

Demografia
Segundo o censo de 2010, tinha 2.230 habitantes residindo em Rossmoyne. A densidade populacional era de 1.456,87 hab./km². Dos 2.230 habitantes, Rossmoyne estava composto pelo 86.14% brancos, 8.83% eram afroamericanos, 0.36% eram amerindios, 1.93% eram asiáticos, 0.22% eram insulares do Pacífico, 0.45% eram de outras raças e o 2.06% pertenciam a duas ou mais raças. Do total da população 1.66% eram hispanos ou latinos de qualquer raça.

Referências

Ligações externas

Regiões censitárias do Ohio
Localidades do condado de Hamilton (Ohio)

Rossmoyne (Ohio)


Steinatal ist der Name folgender Orte:

 Tal des Steinaer Bachs in Niedersachsen, siehe Naturschutzgebiet Weißensee und Steinatal
 das Steinatal im Südschwarzwald, in dem die Steina (Wutach) fließt
 Steinatal, Teil von Steina (Willingshausen), einem Ortsteil von Willingshausen in Hessen

Steinatal


Våbenstilstandsdagen er en mærkedag, der afholdes den 11. november for at fejre underskrivelsen af våbenstilstanden i 1918 mellem de krigsførende parter i Første Verdenskrig og krigens afslutning.

Krigshandlingerne på Vestfronten ophørte klokken 11 den 11. november 1918 - "den ellevte time af den ellevte dag i den ellevte måned".

Dagen fejres i Storbritannien og Commonwealth, i USA og i en del europæiske lande.

1. verdenskrig
Festdage

Våbenstilstandsdagen


13127 Jeroenbrouwers este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
13127 Jeroenbrouwers este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla de Eric Walter Elst. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,40 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 2,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 13001-14000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1994
Centura de asteroizi

13127 Jeroenbrouwers


بلدية ناباس (بالكاتالانية: Navàs) هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 5.959 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

أعلام
 جوردي سيمون
 سالفا أركو

مراجع

بلديات في باجس
بلديات في مقاطعة برشلونة

نافاس (برشلونة)


Laureano Fuentes Matons (Santiago de Cuba, 3 de julio de 1825 − 30 de septiembre de 1898) fue un compositor, director de orquesta y violinista cubano.

Descendiente de una familia de músicos asentados en la ciudad de Santiago desde fines del siglo XVII, fue alumno de Juan París, Francisco José Hierrezuelo y Joan Casamitjana Alsina.
A la edad de 15 años logró obtener, por oposición, el puesto de violín primero en la Capilla de Música de la Catedral de Santiago. Hizo estudios de filosofía y latín en el seminario San Basilio el Magno, en Santiago.

En 1844 fundó una orquesta y una academia de música.

El 16 de mayo de 1874 se estrenó en el teatro Reina de Santiago de Cuba la ópera La hija de Jefté de Laureano Fuentes, con libro de Juan Arnao. Más tarde Fuentes la amplió y la tradujo al italiano, con el nombre de Seila. Esta nueva versión fue cantada en 1917 (diecinueve años después de la muerte del autor), en el Teatro Nacional, por la compañía operística de Bracale.
Fue el primer cubano que compuso una ópera.

También compuso un poema sinfónico «con todas las características del género», según Alejo Carpentier.

Su catálogo de obras resulta de gran extensión, casi todas llegadas hasta hoy, y se mueven entre la tradición clásica implantada por Esteban Salas y Juan París, hasta el romanticismo propio del carácter del autor.
Escribió música religiosa y también profana.
Entre sus obras litúrgicas, existen misas, himnos, responsorios, salmos, antífonas, lecciones, invitatorios, secuencias, benedictus, graduales y otras piezas, sobre todo su Stabat máter (1893).
Además, el poema sinfónico América (1892), y algunas oberturas orquestales, música de cámara (6 sonatas, dos tríos para violín, flauta y piano, tríos para arcos); obras para piano y para violín, como melodías, valses, canciones, mazurcas, romanzas baladas, boleros), danzas y danzones, marchas, las zarzuelas tituladas Me lo ha dicho la partera,El viejo enamorado, Dos máscaras y Desgracia de un tenor.
Llegó a dominar diversos instrumentos.

En 1893 publicó un estudio acerca de diferentes facetas de la vida musical de la ciudad: Las artes en Santiago de Cuba, valiosa relación de eventos, aunque a veces un tanto exagerada.
Allí presenta una transcripción del Son de la Ma Teodora, supuestamente compuesto en el siglo XVI.

En 1896, Fuentes Matons emigró a Jamaica, donde falleció dos años después, el , a los , luego de escribir Americanos en Cuba, su última obra.

Fue profesor de su hijo Laureano Fuentes Pérez (1854-1927) y de Rodolfo Hernández (1856-1937), entre otros.

En 1946, el escritor cubano Alejo Carpentier publicó en Venezuela La música en Cuba, donde presenta información acerca de Fuentes.

Notas
«Muguercia y el fin de un mito: Las hermanas Ginés nunca existieron», el texto original se publicó el 27 de enero de 2004, en la revista de Internet Mundoclásico.com https://www.mundoclasico.com/articulo/5763/Muguercia-y-el-fin-de-un-mito-Las-hermanas-Ginez-nunca-existieron t

Músicos de Cuba
Compositores de música clásica del siglo XIX
Compositores de música clásica de Cuba

Laureano Fuentes Matons


أييوس فاسيليوس (Άγιος Βασίλειος) هي مدينة في كورينثيا في مقاطعة كينتريكي إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1307   نسمة.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في كورينثيا
مدن اليونان

أييوس فاسيليوس (كورينثيا)


Umjetnička radionica Heferer je hrvatska tvrtka za gradnju orgulja, harmonija i klavira. Najzaslužnija je za razvoj orguljarstva u Hrvatskoj.

Povijest
Djelovanje počela u Austriji, u Grazu 1849. godine. U Hrvatskoj djeluje od 1868. godine. Osnovana kao Prva hrvatska gradiona orgulja, harmonija glasovira, a osnovao ju je Michael (Mijo) Heferer (1825. – 1887.). U Hrvatskoj je prvo djelovala u Karlovcu. Nakon dvije godine sjedište premjestila u Zagreb, u kojem djeluje i danas. Uz Mihaela, graditelji iz ove radione su sljedeći Hefereri: Ferdo (Graz, 1853. – Zagreb, 1928), August (Graz, 1881. – Zagreb, 1944.), Ivan (Zagreb, 1927.), August (Zagreb, 1951.) te Tomislav (Zagreb 1969.).
Radionica je pratila sve tekovine stilskog (klasicizam, romantizam, moderna) i tehničkog razvitka orgulja: mehaničke, pneumatske, elektropneumatske trakture, te zračnica s kliznicama i čunjićima.

Ukupno 263 orgulje radionice Heferer nalaze posvuda u Hrvatskoj, BiH, Sloveniji, Austriji i Vojvodini. Od toga samo zagrebačkim crkvama je 18 te u okolici Zagreba još 29 orgulja, ali i sinagogama, samostanima, kapelama, sjemeništima, glazbenim školama, Muzičkoj akademiji.
Konzervacija-restauracija Restaurirala je od 1971. godine do danas 58 povijesnih i spomeničkih orgulja.

Godine 1994. Umjetnička radionica Heferer pokrenula je u suradnji s Koncertnom direkcijom Zagreb ciklus koncerata Orgulje Heferer (Festival Orgulje Heferer) na orguljama diljem Hrvatske. Koncerti su na orguljama koje je Radionica Heferer obnovila. Festival se održava svake godine u trajanju od nekoliko mjeseci.

Priznanja
Dobili su sljedeća priznanja:
 Velika medalja u Budimpešti (1885.)
 Zlatna kolajna u Osijeku (1892.)
 Velika milenijska kolajna u Budimpešti (1896.)
 Počasno priznanje Talijanske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti (1897.)
 Medalja grada Varaždina (1968.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Popis najznačajnih restauriranih i rekonstruiranih povijesnih instrumenata - orgulja, pozitiva, harmoniuma i Tafelklaviera, spomenika kulture od 1971. - 2002., Izrada: Umjetnička radionica Heferer, Culturenet.hr

Tvrtke iz Zagreba
Hrvatski konzervatori restauratori
Austrija
Karlovac
Orguljarstvo u Hrvatskoj
Hrvatski proizvođači glazbala i glazbene opreme
Graz

Umjetnička radionica Heferer


RFA Brown Ranger (A169) was a Ranger-class fleet support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. During the Second World War she played an important role in the Malta Convoys and in Pacific operations. From 24 September to 30 September 1941 Brown Ranger was deployed as part of Force S in Operation Halberd, refuelling the ships of convoy WS 11X, en route from the Clyde to Malta via Gibraltar. Brown Ranger deployed again from Gibraltar on 16 November 1941 as part of Operation Chieftain, returning on 18 November. On 11 June 1942 she was part of Force Y in Operation Harpoon, supplying the escorts of convoy WS 19Z.

She also saw service during the Korean War, from 25 June 1950 to 27 July 1953, along with 18 other Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessels and was awarded the battle honour Korea 1950–52.

She was scrapped at Gijón on 28 May 1975.

Citations

References

Ranger-class tankers
1940 ships
Ships built by Harland and Wolff

RFA Brown Ranger


Keita Nakamura (født 30. juni 1993) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Shimizu S-Pulse.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Keita Nakamura


Bobby Notkoff (31 December 1940 - 5 October 2018) was a violinist who played with The Rockets in the 1960s and Family Lotus in the 1970s. Notkoff was also part of one of the first supergroups Electric Flag, with Mike Bloomfield and Buddy Miles.

Selected discography
1967 The Trip [Original Soundtrack] - Electric Flag
1968 Long Time Comin''' - Electric Flag
1968 The Rockets (album) - The Rockets
1969 Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere - album by Neil Young with Crazy Horse.
1971 In My Own Time  album - Karen Dalton
1972 At Crooked Lake - Crazy Horse
1972 Sunset Ride - Zephyr
1972 For the Roses - Joni Mitchell
1978  Crazy Moon'' - Crazy Horse

References

1940 births
2018 deaths
American male violinists
21st-century American violinists
21st-century American male musicians

Bobby Notkoff


عَالِمُ الدِّينِ عند المسلمين عادة ما يطلق عليه شيخ، ويطلق على عظيم الشأن منهم عالِم أو علَّامة، ويطلق على مجموعهم عُلماء أو أهل العلم. وتسمية رجل دين إسلامي هي تسمية مختلف عليها. فهو مستخدم في الصحافة على وجه واسع، في حين أن علماء الدين الإسلامي يحذرون من استخدامها، فالإسلام بخلاف غيره من الأديان لم يخصص رجالا دون غيرهم ليكونوا "رجال دين"، فليس في الإسلام مراتب كهنوتية كما في النصرانية، وأن أمر الدعوة والتفقه في الدين هو واجب على كل مسلم، فيكون هناك من هو أعلم من غيره فيسمى عالم دين.

تعريف العالم
العالِم هو من يعلم أحكام الإسلام بدليلها. كذا عرفه كثير من علماء الإسلام، وهذا التعريف يستلزم أن يكون العالم مجتهدًا، وصرح بعض العلماء أن العالم هو المجتهد.

قال الشيخ ابن باز في تعريف العالم: .

أقسام العلماء
لعلماء أقسام بحسب الاعتبارات، وبحسب مذاهب العلماء:

تقسيم العلماء عند ابن القيم
قسم ابن قيم الجوزية العلماء إلى محدثين وفقهاء، فقال:

تقسيم العلماء عند ابن عثيمين
قال محمد بن صالح العثيمين:

طاعة العلماء في الإسلام

وجوب طاعة العلماء في المعروف
طاعة العلماء في الإسلام واجبة عند كثير من العلماء واستدلوا بقول الله: ، حيث جاء تفسير أولي الأمر: بالعلماء والأمراء، في كتب التفسير وأصول الفقه، وهذه الطاعة مقيدة بما لا يخالف شريعة الإسلام، فلا يطاعُون في تحليل ما حرم الله، أو تحريم ما أحل الله.

قال ابن قيم الجوزية: .

تحريم طاعة العلماء فيما يخالف شريعة الإسلام
طاعة العلماء فيما يخالف شريعة الإسلام من أشد المحرمات في الإسلام التي قد تصل بصاحبها إلى الشرك، واستدل العلماء لذلك بقول النبي :  رواه أحمد وقول الله:  وما ورد عن النبي  في تفسيرها.

قال محمد بن عبد الوهاب: النوع الثالث شرك الطاعة، والدليل قوله تعالى:  : وتفسيرها الذي لا إشكال فيه طاعة العلماء والعباد في المعصية لا دعاؤهم إياهم، كما فسرها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، لعدي بن حاتم لما سأله، فقال: لسنا نعبدهم، فذكر له أن عبادتهم طاعتهم في المعصية.

ألقاب أخرى
 فقيه: وهو المتخصص بالفقه الإسلامي.
 مجتهد: الفقيه التي توفرت فيه شروط الاجتهاد.
 مفسر: وهو المختص في التفسير القرآني.
 قارئ: هو من يجيد قراءة القرآن وهو متقن لإحدى القراءات العشر. في حين أن المقرئ: هو من يتتلمذ على يده طلاب حفظ قراءة القرآن.
 حافظ: وهو حافظ القرآن، ويستخدم أيضا للعالم بالحديث النبوي.
 إمام: من يأمم الناس. ويجتمع المسلمون على أن المصلي بالمسلمين يسمى إماما.
 خطيب: من يخطب في صلاة الجمعة أو صلاة العيدين أو غيرها.
 مؤذن: من يرفع الأذان لإقامة الصلاة.
 مجاهد: من يجاهد في سبيل الله.
 مؤرخ: المتخصص في التأريخ الإسلامي.
 نساب: المتخصص في الأنساب.
 داعية: وهو من يدعو الناس للعودة إلى طريق دينهم الصحيح. وكذلك من يدعو غير المسلمين للدخول في الإسلام.
 محدث: من تخصص في الحديث، وعرف إسناد الأحاديث.
 شيخ الإسلام: لقب يطلق على كل علامة متبحر في العلوم الشرعية الإسلامية، وأشهر من حمل لقب شيخ الإسلام هو شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية.

والشيعة يستخدمون ألفاظ أخرى:
 مرجع.
 آية الله.

أقوال في صفات العلماء
 علي الطنطاوي: .

مراجع

أدوار قيادية دينية
مسلمون باحثون عن الإسلام
مصطلحات إسلامية
مصطلحات عربية في الشريعة الإسلامية
دارسون إسلاميون

عالم (إسلام)


Biserica romano-catolică Sfântul Nicolae este cel mai vechi lăcaș de cult catolic păstrat la Bacău, după distrugerea vechii catedrale a Episcopiei de Bacău în timpul inundațiilor din anul 1676. Actuala biserică a fost construită între 1845 și 1861 pe strada Buna-Vestire, fiind numită atunci de localnici "Bărăția". La construcția ei a contribuit și Franz Joseph al Austriei cu 1 000 de florini. Biserica a fost consacrată în 6 decembrie 1846.

Lăcașul se află pe actuala stradă Ana Ipătescu, nr. 2A din Bacău.

Liturghii în limba maghiară
În această biserică a fost oficiată în data de 27 ianuarie 2019 prima slujbă în limba maghiară pentru ceangăii maghiarofoni de la înființarea Episcopiei Romano-Catolice de Iași, în 1884. Slujba a fost oficiată de preotul pensionar Ioan Ciobanu care în trecut a servit la Beiuș. Presa maghiară din Ungaria a prezentat evenimentul cu caracter de surprindere. Credincioșii de limbă maghiară au posibilitatea ca în fiecare ultimă duminică din lună să se spovedească și să participe la euharistii oficiate în limba lor.În contextul pandemiei de COVID-19 în România, liturghia în maghiară nu a putut fi organizată în iunie 2020 cu toate că autoritățile au permis ceremoniile în biserici în 15 iunie, motivarea episcopiei fiind biserica neîncăpătoare, deși slujbele în limba română erau ținute.

Note

Legături externe
De Sf. Nicolae, două dintre cele mai vechi biserici ale Bacăului își sărbătoresc hramul, Ziarul de Bacău, 5 decembrie 2013. Accesat la 16 iunie 2018.

Fondări în 1846
Biserici din județul Bacău
Biserici romano-catolice din România
Biserici cu hramul Sfântul Nicolae
Bacău

Biserica romano-catolică Sfântul Nicolae din Bacău


Louis William Tordella (May 1, 1911 – January 9, 1996) was the longest serving deputy director of the National Security Agency.

Biography
Tordella was born in Garrett, Indiana, on May 1, 1911 and grew up in the Chicago environs. He displayed an early affinity for mathematics, and obtained bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees in the 1930s. The outbreak of World War II found him teaching mathematics at Chicago's Loyola University. He joined the US Navy, immediately made contacts in the service, and was brought aboard as a lieutenant junior grade in 1942. He went directly into cryptologic work for the Navy's codebreaking organization, OP-20-G. He finished the war at OP-20-G collection stations on the West Coast, at Bainbridge Island, Washington, and Skaggs Island Naval Communication Station.

After the war Tordella stayed on with the Navy, and in 1949 joined the newly created Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA), an early attempt to achieve service unity in the business of cryptology. He was a key figure in devising policy for the new agency, and for its successor, the National Security Agency, which emerged in 1952 to replace AFSA.

His career at NSA brought him to the very front rank of cryptologists. He was an early advocate of the use of computers for cryptologic work, and helped to cement a close working relationship with American industry. His grasp of computer technology and the associated engineering concepts, coupled with his understanding of cryptanalysis, led Tordella to push forcefully for the development of supercomputers for cryptologic applications. Tordella was also a leader in securing American communications, pushing a series of leading-edge new encoding devices to secure U.S. Government communications.

As a senior official at NSA, Tordella played a central role in NSA's outside relationships. Close collaborators in Britain and the Commonwealth of Nations built up such a trust with Tordella that many foreign intelligence officials regarded him as the linchpin in their relationship with NSA.

Tordella became the deputy director of NSA in 1958, and remained in the post until his retirement in 1974. He thus became the longest serving deputy director in NSA's history.

While serving as Deputy Director of the NSA, he commented on the 1967 USS Liberty incident: "I believe it was a deliberate attack." His thoughts were further reflected in a NSA report in which he referred to the cover-up as "A nice whitewash for a group of ignorant, stupid and inept XXX [expletive]. If the attackers had not been Hebrew there would have been quite a commotion. Such crass stupidity – 30 knots, warship, 2 guns, etc., does not even do credit to the Nigerian Navy." After consideration was given to ordering a U.S. Navy submarine to sink the Liberty in order to avoid the political liability of her being photographed, Tordella vocally opposed the idea: "Consideration was being given by some unnamed Washington authorities to sink the Liberty in order that newspaper men would be unable to photograph her and thus inflame public opinion against the Israelis. I made an impolite comment about that idea."

Tordella received unprecedented honors over the years. On his retirement in 1974 he received both the National Security Medal and the National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal. His relationship with the British was recognized in 1976 when he became an Honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. In 1992 the Security Affairs Support Association, composed mainly of retired intelligence officials, gave him the William O. Baker medal for distinguished service to American intelligence.

He died at the Bethesda Naval Hospital in 1996.
He had both Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and colon cancer but no autopsy was done to determine what actually caused his death.

Aftermath
Following his death, sixteen boxes were recovered from his NSA office safe.  According to Stephen Budiansky, "...the documents turned out to be a compendium of every single one of NSA's most highly classified, compartmented programs of the post-World War II era." Lew Allen, the Director of the National Security Agency at the time, subsequently ensured "no NSA department director ever again wielded such untrammeled power."

See also
Project Shamrock

References

1911 births
1996 deaths
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
National Security Agency cryptographers
Deputy Directors of the National Security Agency
United States Navy officers

Louis W. Tordella


Henry Roseman Lang (* 22. September 1853 in Wartau; † 25. Juli 1934 in New Haven, Connecticut) war ein US-amerikanischer Romanist, Hispanist und Lusitanist Schweizer Herkunft.

Leben und Werk
H. R. Lang wurde als Sohn des evangelisch-reformierten Pfarrers und Theologen Heinrich Lang in der Schweiz geboren. 1890 wurde er in Straßburg mit der Arbeit (Hrsg.) Cancioneiro d'el Rei Dom Denis [Cancioneiro d'el Rei Dom Diniz] (erschienen u. d. T. Das Liederbuch des Königs Denis von Portugal, Halle a. S. 1894, Hildesheim 1972) promoviert. Ab 1892 machte er an der Yale University Karriere, zuerst als Instructor und Assistant Professor, ab 1896 als Professor für Romanische Philologie und von 1906 bis 1922 als Benjamin F. Barge Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures. 1915 wurde Lang in die American Academy of Arts and Sciences gewählt.

Weitere Werke
 (Hrsg.) Cancioneiro gallego-castelhano. The extant Galician poems of the Gallego-Castilian lyric school (1350-1450), New York 1902
 (Hrsg.) Cancionero de Baena, New York 1926, 1971
 Contributions to the restoration of the Poema del Cid, New York/Paris 1926

Literatur
 John Gerig, [Nachruf] in: Romanic Review 25, 1934, S. 266
 [Nachruf] in: Hispanic Review 3, 1936, S. 70
 Henry R. Lang Memorial, in: Romance Philology 35, 1, 1981, S. 1–13 (Benjamin M. Woodbrige, Jr.); 27–36 (Thomas Goddard Bergin); 183–192 (Charles B. Faulhaber)
 American Academy of Arts and Sciences: Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Band 70, Metcalf and Co., 1935, S. 547.
 Jakob Jud: Nekrolog für Henry Roseman Lang (1853–1934). In: Vox Romanica, Bd. 1, 1936, S. 220–222. (Digitalisat)

Weblinks

 http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/fedora/get/mssa:ms.0937/PDF

Romanist
Lusitanist
Hochschullehrer (Yale University)
Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1853
Gestorben 1934
Mann

Henry Roseman Lang


René Peytavy, né le  à Prades et mort le  à Saint-Estève, est un joueur de rugby à XIII évoluant au poste d'arrière ou de centre, reconverti entraîneur.

Il effectue sa carrière sportive au sein de Carcassonne, club dominant le rugby à XIII français à la sortie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Dans un effectif regorgeant d'internationaux, Peytavi est la doublure de luxe de Puig-Aubert, prenant part aux titres de Championnat de France en 1950 et de la Coupe de France en 1951.

En 1951, il prend part au passage du rugby à XV au rugby à XIII du club de Limoux. Venu comme joueur, il en devient rapidement entraîneur-joueur. Par la suite, il entraîne à plusieurs reprises le club de Perpignan, le XIII Catalan. Il amène le club au doublé Championnat de France 1969-Coupe de France 1969, une première dans l'histoire du club.

Biographie

Palmarès

En tant que joueur

 Collectif :
 Vainqueur du Championnat de France : 1950 (Carcassonne).
 Vainqueur de la Coupe de France : 1951 (Carcassonne).
 Finaliste du Championnat de France : 1949 (Carcassonne).
 Finaliste de la Coupe de France : 1949 (Carcassonne).

En tant qu'entraîneur

 Collectif :
 Vainqueur du Championnat de France : 1969 (XIII Catalan).
 Vainqueur de la Coupe de France : 1969 (XIII Catalan).

Notes et références

Lien externe

Joueur français de rugby à XIII
Entraîneur français de rugby à XIII
Joueur de l'AS Carcassonne XIII
Naissance en avril 1920
Naissance à Prades (Pyrénées-Orientales)
Décès à 96 ans
Décès en septembre 2016
Décès dans les Pyrénées-Orientales

René Peytavy


An Holcoglossum quasipinifolium in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Bunzo Hayata, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Schltr.. An Holcoglossum quasipinifolium in nahilalakip ha genus nga Holcoglossum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nangangarat-an.

Mabibilngan ini ha Taiwan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Holcoglossum

Holcoglossum quasipinifolium


Den 41. udgave af Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio fandt sted den 20. marts 2016. Løbet startede i byen Gavirate og sluttede i Cittiglio. Løbet var det tredje i UCI Women's World Tour 2016.

Hold
Seksogtyve UCI-hold og to udvalgte landshold startede.

Resultater

2016
Cykelløb i 2016

Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio 2016


الغمش أو العين الكسولة: هو ضعف في الرؤية المركزية للعين، بدون وجود سبب عضوي، أو بشكل لا يتناسب مع الخلل العضوي في العين إن وجد. ولا يصيب الرؤية الطرفية عادة، كما لا يمكن إصلاحه بالعدسات. يصيب 1-5% من الناس. ويصيب الأطفال قبل سن السادسة. وهو السبب الأكثر شيوعاً لمشاكل البصر في الأطفال.

في الغَمَش لا يُنقل التنبيه البصري بشكل كامل أو لا ينقل بالكلية عبر العصب البصري إلى الدماغ.

فيزيولوجيا المرض وأسبابه
الغمش هو مشكلة نمائية في الدماغ، وليست مشكلة عصبية أو عضوية أو داخلية للمقلة، علماً أن المشاكل العضوية قد تسبب الغمش، والذي يستمر بعد انتهاء المشكلة العضوية. الجزء من الدماغ الذي يستقبل الصور لا يُحَفَّزُ بشكل كافٍ، أو أنه لا يتطور إلى قدرته البصرية الكلية.

يمكن تقسيم أسباب الغمش إلى القسمين الآتيين:

1- غمش عضوي: وهو الذي ينتج عن فقدان شفافية العدسات، كما في الساد

2- غمش وظيفي وهو الذي ينتج عن أمراض وظيفية كالحَول وأمراض سوء الانكسار.

يمكن أن ينتج الغمش عن الحول، حيث تنقل عين صورة خاطئة للدماغ فيقوم الدماغ بتعطيل إحدى العينين، أو لنقل أنه يتعلم تجاهل الصورة القادمة من إحدى العينين؛ لتلافي ازدواج الرؤية.
ويمكن أن ينتج عن فشل في استعمال كلا العينين سوية. ويمكن أن يكون مرتبطاً بفرق كبير بين العينين في قصر النظر أو طوله.كما يمكن أن يكون مرتبطاً باللابؤرية. ويمكن أيضاً أن يكون مرتبطاً بالسّادّ.
المصطلح «عين كسولة» يشير إلى «الغمش»، والذي غالباً ما يحدث مترافقاً والحولَ. علماً بأن المرضى المصابين بالغمش قد لا يصابون بالحول، كما قد يصاب المريض بالحول دون الغمش.

الأعراض
المصابون بالغمش قد لا يلاحظون المشكلة خصوصاً لو كانت المشكلة طفيفة، حتى إنهم لا يعلمون بالمرض حتى سن متأخرة، وذلك عندما يُفحصون في عمر متأخر. لأن البصر في العين الأخرى جيد. ولكن لو كان المرض شديداً، فإن الأغمش قد يعاني من مشاكل الغمش. هذه المشاكل قد تكون متعلقة بإدراك العمق، أو بالحساسية للتباين، وقد تكون متعلقة بمشاكل البصر «عالية المستوى» كالحساسية للحركة. هذه المشاكل تكون محصورة بالعين المصابة. وبالتالي فإن الأغمش يواجه مشاكل في ما يتعلق بالرؤية بالعينين، كإدراك العمق. أما فيما يتعلق بالرؤية وحيدة العين فإنها جيدة بالنسبة للعين غير المصابة؛ فالمريض مثلاً يدرك الأحجام، المنظور، والتزيح.
من الأعراض الأخرى أن العينين تذهبان للداخل أو الخارج، وقد تبدو العينان لا تعملان سوية. وهناك أعراض أخرى مثل تفضيل عين على الأخرى، أو الميل للاصطدام بالأشياء على جانب واحد.

أنواع الغمش
يصنف حسب السبب إلى أنواع عدة، فقد يكون السبب هو مرض الحول وقد يكون السبب مرضاً يسبب ضعف الرؤية كما يحدث في الساد، كما قد يكون السبب مشكلةً في بؤرية العين، ومثالها قصر النظر وطول النظر واللابؤرية ومرض تفاوت الانكسار.

الغمش الحولي

الحَوَل هو مرض تكون فيه العينان مصطفتين بشكل غير متناسق (أي أن إحدى العينَين لا تتجه للشيء المرادِ النظرُ إليه)، ينتج عن الحول أن البصر في العين التي يفضل المرء الرؤية بها يكون طبيعياً. ولكن يمكن أن يحصل أن يكون البصر غير طبيعي في العين الأخرى. الحول الذي يبداً في البالغين يتسم بأن الصورة التي يستقبلها الدماغ تختلف من عين لأخرى (لأن كل عين تنظر لاتجاه مختلف عن الأخرى) مما يسبب ازدواج الرؤية. في المقابل فإن الحول البادئ في الأطفال لا يتسم بازدواجية الرؤية؛ وذلك لأن أدمغة الأطفال أكثر قابلية للتشكيل (التغيير) من الناحية العصبية، فيقوم الدماغ بكبت الصورة الناتجة عن إحدى العينين، مانعاً ازدواج الرؤية. كبت الدماغ إحدى الصور يؤدي إلى مشكلة في تطور الدماغ على الإبصار، الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى الغَمَش.

تصحيح الغَمَش الحَوَلي يكون إما بتوضيح الصورة، عن طريق النظارات أو عن طريق وضع رقعة العين على العين السليمة. أو استخدام ما يسمى «معاقبة العين دوائياً» حيث تُستخدم قطرات الأتروبين ليسبب توسع الحدقة مؤقتاً، الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى تَغَيُّم الرؤية في العين السليمة. أما بالنسبة لمشكلة اصطفاف العينين فإنها يُمكن أن تُعالج بطرق جراحية أو غير جراحية حسب شدة الحَوَل.

غمش تفاوت الانكسار
تفاوُت الانكسار هو مرض يكون فيه خلل الانكسار غير متساوٍ بين عَيْني الشخص الواحد؛ كأن يكون هناك اختلاف في قصر النظر أو طول النظر بين عينَي الشخص الواحد، وهذا الاختلاف في الانكسار قد يؤدي إلى ازدواج الرؤية أو إلى وهن البصر. في هذه الحالة، فإن العين التي تزود الدماغ بالصورة ذات الوضوح الأعلى تُعتبر العين السائدة، والصورة القادمة من العين الأخرى تُغَيَّم، مما ينتج عنه خلل في تطور جزء من الجهاز الإبصاري.

غمش تفاوت الانكسار أقل حدة من الغَمَش الحَوَلي، ويمكن أن تكون له أعراض أقل وضوحاً، الأمر الذي يجعل من السهل إخطاءُ تشخيصِه من قبل الأطباء.

في بعض الحالات، يمكن أن يكون الغَمَش مرتبطاً بالحَوَل وتفاوت الانكسار في آن واحد.

في بعض الحالات يمكن أن يكون تفاوت النظر كبيراً لدرجة أن النظر في إحدى العينين يكون ضعف معدل النظر العادي، بينما تكون الأخرى عمياء تماماً.

غمش الانسداد
أحياناً، يُسبب إطباق الجفن انسداداً لرؤية العين، كما يحدث في تدلي الجفن أو أية أمراض أخرى تسبب إطباق الجفن بما يؤثر على رؤية الطفل. والذي قد يسبب الغمش بسرعة. غمشُ الانسداد قد يكون ناتجاً عن ورم وعائي دموي والذي قد يحجب بعض العين أو كلها.

غمش الساد

الساد هو مرض يصيب عدسة العين فيعتمها ويفقدها شفافيتها، مما يؤدي إلى ضعف التنبيهات البصرية القادمة من العين، الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى خلل في تطور الدماغ على الإبصار. ما يؤدي إلى ضعف الرؤية من تلك العين، والإصابة بالغمش.

العلاج
في غمش تفوات الانكسار، يكون العلاج إما بتصحيح خلل الرؤية، عن طريق ارتداء العدسات المناسبة، وقد يكون عن طريق إجبار استخدام العين المريضة، وذلك عن طريق ارتداء رقعة العين على العين السليمة، وقد يكون عن طريق وضع قطرات الأتروبين في العين السليمة. من مشاكل قطرة الأتروبين أنها قد تسبب تكوين عُقيدات (nodules) في العين، الأمر الذي يمكن «إبطاله» عن طريق مرهم.

يجب أن يراعى أن العلاج الزائد عن حده قد يؤدي إلى «غمش عكسي» في العين الأخرى (غير المصابة بالغمش أصلاً).

علاج المرض للأطفال المصابين من سن 9 حتى 11 يمكن أن يكون باستخدام التعلم الإدراكي (والذي هو وسيلة لتعلم مهارات مُحسنة من الإدراك، وهنا يُحسِّن المريض وسائل الإدراك البصرية)

علاج غمش السادّ يكون بزراعة عدسة صناعية مكان العدسة المعتمة، ثم المعالجة بالرقعة أو بقطرات الأتروبين على العين

المراجع

اضطرابات بصرية وعمى

غمش


Hemoglobinopati, hemoglobin molekülündeki globin zincirlerinden birinin yapısında anormalliğe yol açan bir genetik bozukluktur. Birçok hastalığı içinde barındırır, buna orak hücre anemisi örnek verilebilir. Bunun aksine Talasemi abnormal  hemoglobin üretiminden dolayı  değil, globin zinciri sentezinin az olmasına ya da hiç olmamasına bağlı olarak gelişir. Farklı hastalıklarda semptomlar da farklılık gösterir: orak hücre anemisinde eritrositler (alyuvarlar) anaerobik durumlarda farklı şekillere dönüşüp, dolaşım sorunlarına ve bazı organlarda hasara neden olurken, talasemide eritrositlerin (alyuvarların) üretiminde sorun vardır (etkisiz eritropoiez).

Bazı hemoglobinopatilerin (ve ilgili hastalıkların), sıtmanın yaygın olduğu yerlerde, özellikle heterozigot formda, bireylere evrimsel bir yarar sağladığı söylenebilir. Zira, sıtma paraziti eritrositlerin (alyuvarların) içinde yaşar ve hücrenin normal görevini yapmasına müdahale eder. Sağlıksız eritrositlerde (örneğin; orak hücre anemisi) veya hızla kaybolmaya yatkın eritrositlerde, hastalık bulaşmış hücreler erkenden yok edilmiş olurlar.

Sıtma bağlantısına karşın, farklı ırklardan birçok insanda hemoglobinopatiler görülebilmektedir. Örneğin, talasemi özellikle Akdeniz ülkelerinde ortaya çıkar ve bu nedenle akdeniz anemisi olarak da anılır.

Kaynakça
 İngilizce Vikipedi Hemoglobinopati maddesi

Ayrıca bakınız
 Genetik tanı merkezi

Dış bağlantılar
 Uzm. Dr. Hilmi Apak - "Hemoglobinopatiler ve Talasemiler", İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri, Anemiler Sempozyumu, 19-20 Nisan 2001, İstanbul, s.149-162

Alyuvar hastalıkları

Hemoglobinopati


شبكة هوبفيلد  هي شبكة عصبونية تصنف من الشبكات ذات الطبقة الواحدة (Single-Layer Net) حيث تتألف من طبقة واحدة من أوزان الوصلات، وغالباً ما تنقسم الوحدات فيها إلى وحدات دخل تستقبل الإشارات من العالم الخارجي، ووحدات خرج يمكن قراءة استجابة الشبكة منها.

في الشبكات وحيدة الطبقة التقليدية، تكون وحدات الدخل مرتبطة كلياً بوحدات الخرج، ولكنها غير مرتبطة بوحدات دخل أخرى، ووحدات الخرج غير مرتبطة بوحدات خرج أخرى.

من أهم تطبيقات شبكة هوبفيلد، التعرف على الأشكال، وحل مشاكل الأمثلية (إيجاد الطريق الأقصر في مسألة البائع المتجول الشهيرة).

بنية شبكة هوبفيلد

تتألف شبكة هوبفيلد من عدد من العصبونات المتصلة (N)، التي تحدّث قيمها الفعالة بشكل متزامن ومستقل عن باقي العصبونات، وتكون كل العصبونات فيها عبارة عن دخل وخرج بنفس الوقت، حيث يتم ربط خرج كل عصبون بدخل كل العصبونات الأخرى (ولا يتم ربط خرج العصبون مع دخله).

القيم الفعالة هي (-1,+1).

تابع التفعيل المستخدم

إن هذا التابع يحد من خرج العصبون بحيث يصبح الخرج مساويا الواحد إذا كان الدخل أكبر تماماً من الصفر ويصبح الخرج مساويا -1 إذا كان الدخل أصغر من الصفر، وعندما يكون مساويأً للصفر فإنه يعيد قيمة الخرج السابقة.

خوارزمية التعليم

إن تدريب الشبكة يعني إيجاد القيم المناسبة لأوزانها، فنقوم بتمثيل الصور المراد تدريب الشبكة عليها بأشعة، ونحسب مصفوفة الأوزان w (مصفوفة مربعة NX N) بخوارزمية هيب Hebb Rule لتدريب الشبكة.

ملاحظات حول شبكة هوبفيلد

تصل شبكة هوبفيلد إلى الإشباع بسرعة، حيث لا يمكن تدريبها على أكثر من 0.15N صورة (حيث N عدد العصبونات في الشبكة)، وإذا تم تدريبها على أكثر من هذه النسبة تظهر المشاكل التالية:

1- تصبح الصور المخزنة في الشبكة غير مستقرة، وتفقد الشبكة ذاكرتها فلا تستطيع تذكر الصور.

2- تظهر حالات زائفة في الشبكة، حيث تعيد الشبكة صورة غير مخزنة فيها أصلاً أثناء محاولة استعادة صورة.

كما تتأثر استقرارية شبكة هوبفيلد بتشابه الصور المخزنة، فكلما زاد تشابه الصور يزداد اضطراب الشبكة.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

شبكات عصبونية اصطناعية
شبكات عصبونية
علم الحاسوب
علوم استعرافية
معلوماتية عصبونية

شبكة هوبفيلد


An Epidendrum amphistomum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Achille Richard. An Epidendrum amphistomum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epidendrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Epidendrum

Epidendrum amphistomum


Münster-Angelmodde, Almanya'nın Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya eyaletinde, Münster kentine bağlı idari bölge. Münster'in güneydoğusunda yer alır. Batısında Hiltrup, kuzey ve batısında Gremmendorf ve doğusunda Wolbeck uzanır. Yaklaşık 8.000 bin nüfuslu bölge, 5 km2 yüzölçümüne sahiptir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Angelmodde/Yöresel Haberler

Münster'in ilçeleri

Münster-Angelmodde


A chant (from French , from Latin , "to sing") is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones.  Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant.  Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the later Middle Ages some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).

Chant as a spiritual practice
Chanting (e.g., mantra, sacred text, the name of God/Spirit, etc.) is a commonly used spiritual practice. Like prayer, chanting may be a component of either personal or group practice. Diverse spiritual traditions consider chant a route to spiritual development.

Some examples include chant in African, Hawaiian, Native American, Assyrian and Australian Aboriginal cultures, Gregorian chant, Vedic chant, Quran reading, Islamic Dhikr, Bahá'í chants, various Buddhist chants, various mantras, Jewish cantillation, Epicurean repetition of the Kyriai Doxai, and the chanting of psalms and prayers especially in Roman Catholic (see Gregorian chant or Taizé Community), Eastern Orthodox (see Byzantine chant or Znamenny chant, for examples), Lutheran,  and Anglican churches (see Anglican Chant).

Historical or mythological examples include chant in Germanic paganism.

Chant practices vary. In the Theravada tradition, chanting is usually done in Pali, and mainly from Pāli Canon. Tibetan Buddhist chant involves throat singing, where multiple pitches are produced by each performer. The concept of chanting mantras is of particular significance in many Hindu traditions and other closely related Indian religions. India's bhakti devotional tradition centers on kirtan, which has a following in many countries and traditions such as Ananda Marga. The Hare Krishna movement is based especially on the chanting of Sanskrit Names of God in the Vaishnava tradition. Chinese Shijing (诗经), or 'chanted poetry', mirrors Zen Buddhist principles and is sung from the Dan tien (or lower abdomen) — the locus of power in Eastern traditions.

See also

 A lo divino
 Fight song
 Sea shanty – Rhythmical work song sung on sailing vessels
 Skipping-rope rhyme
 Smot (chanting)
 Football chant
 Rape chant

References

External links

A site about Vedic chants
Traditional Buddhist Chants (Texts and Audio) as in the Buddhist Encyclopedia

Spiritual practice
Articles containing video clips
Medieval music genres

Chant


Digital Domain is an American visual effects and digital production company based in Playa Vista, Los Angeles, California. The company is known for creating digital imagery for feature films, advertising and games from its locations in California and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, including its own virtual production studio.

History
The company was founded by film director James Cameron, Stan Winston and Scott Ross. They began producing visual effects in 1993 with its first three films, True Lies, Interview with the Vampire, and Color of Night, being released in 1994.

Digital Domain produced effects for more than 100 films, including Dante's Peak, Titanic, Apollo 13, What Dreams May Come, The Fifth Element, Armageddon, Star Trek: Nemesis and The Day After Tomorrow. Other films include Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, 2012, Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, TRON: Legacy, Thor, X-Men: First Class, Transformers: Dark of the Moon, Real Steel, G.I. Joe: Retaliation, Oblivion, Iron Man 3, Her, X-Men: Days of Future Past, Into the Storm, Maleficent, Furious 7, Pixels and more recently Deadpool, The Huntsman: Winter's War, X-Men: Apocalypse, Suicide Squad, Beauty and the Beast, Spider-Man: Homecoming, Avengers: Infinity War, Aquaman, Captain Marvel, Shazam, Avengers: Endgame, Terminator: Dark Fate and Sonic the Hedgehog.

Early 2000s
In 2000, Digital Domain designed the digital character that represented Motorola's intelligent assistant, Mya. In October 2002, Digital Domain launched a wholly owned subsidiary, D2 Software, Inc., to market and distribute its Academy Award-winning compositing software, Nuke.

In 2002–2003, Digital Domain co-produced its first feature film, Secondhand Lions, written and directed by Tim McCanlies and starring Michael Caine, Robert Duvall, Haley Joel Osment, and Kyra Sedgwick.

The founders were known for feuding, principally due to conflicts over the film Titanic (1997), which almost destroyed the company. Founder Scott Ross announced plans of raising $100 million in financing to become more active as a production company. This plan never materialized and the corporate owners forced management to seek a buyer of the company.

2006–present
In May 2006, Digital Domain was purchased by an affiliate of Wyndcrest Holdings, LLC, a private holding company whose principals then included Wyndcrest founder John Textor, director Michael Bay, former Microsoft executive Carl Stork and former NFL player and sports television commentator Dan Marino. In connection with the acquisition, Mr. Textor and Mr. Bay would become co-chairman of Digital Domain and Mr. Stork was named CEO.  Wyndcrest also acquired The Foundry in 2007, which was tasked with taking over the development of Nuke, a visual effects compositing tool that has since become one of the world's top selling visual effects software solutions. The Foundry business was then subject to a management buy-out in 2009.

In 2009, Digital Domain parent company DDMG launched Tradition Studios in Florida to develop and produce original, family-oriented CG animated features. The studio moved on January 3, 2012, to a new  facility in Port St. Lucie, built with the city's incentives. The studio attracted a number of talented creators, including Aaron Blaise, the director of Brother Bear, and Brad Lewis, co-director of Cars 2, who together were developing an animated feature film The Legend of Tembo for a planned 2014 release, with Aaron Blaise and Chuck Williams directing.

In 2011, Digital Domain Media Group entered into the film production business with a major investment into the feature film Ender's Game, which was a co-production with OddLot Entertainment and Summit Entertainment. The film was released November 1, 2013.

In November 2011, DDMG took the company public through an initial public offering (IPO), and the company was listed on the NYSE under the symbol DDMG, achieving a market valuation of more than $400 million.

In 2012, DDMG announced initiatives to open VFX studios in Beijing China and Abu Dhabi. Also in 2012, subsidiary Digital Domain created a virtual likeness of the late rap star Tupac Shakur for Dr. Dre's and Snoop Dogg's show at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival that gained worldwide recognition. Digital Domain also announced that the company would create virtual Elvis Presley in partnership with CORE Media Group.

In 2015, the UFC hired Digital Domain to create a commercial series for their UFC 189 event.

In 2016, the Pokémon Company hired Digital Domain to create the visual effects for their "Train On" Super Bowl ad, released to celebrate the Pokémon series' 20th anniversary.

In 2017, Voltron Chronicles, a VR game Digital Domain co-developed with Universal based on Netflix's Voltron Legendary Defender, went live. Fans can play this game on PSVR, Oculus Rift and HTC Vive for $15.

Financial difficulties
During the 2000s, and today, the visual effects industry has continued to be a financial challenge for nearly every services-only visual effects company.  DDMG and Co-chairman John Textor believed it necessary to expand the business into film production, content ownership and new media. His aggressive North American expansion plans were heavily supported by nearly $200 million of new capital from private investors, the State of Florida and the city of Port Saint Lucie (Florida).  After a doubling of revenues since its acquisition in 2006, and with significant operating cashflow in 2010, DDMG also completed a successful IPO capital raise of $40 million in November 2011. Unfortunately, Textor's heavily funded Florida expansion plans could not overcome the continuing negative cash flow of Digital Domain's primary visual effects business, nor could the company successfully navigate the failure of its principal lender and major shareholder, Lydian Private Bank, which occurred in the summer of 2011 during the peak of DDMG's capital consumption related to the Florida studios launch.  Lydian's sizable stake in DDMG was sold to a hedge fund affiliated with Florida Power & Light and ultimately traded to known toxic lender and hedge fund Tenor Capital, which engaged in heavy short-selling of DDMG's publicly listed stock as a strategy to pull cash proceeds from the daily trading of DDMG stock. The IPO, which was once thought to be the key to funding the future of DDMG, became the vehicle by which hedge funds could prevent the company from accessing capital while profiting from the decline in DDMG's stock price. Tenor became a stakeholder in DDMG in early May 2012, with DDMG stock price trading at an all-time high, but DDMG would soon be unable to access the cash needed to fund its Venice operations and its Florida studio growth. Documents and emails provided to the press show that Digital Domain believed it had options to put cash into the company but were thwarted by Tenor Capital, which had significant weight as a chief lender and according to Palm Beach Capital and the Tenor strategy may have been shorting DDMG stock to profit from its failure. When a deal to fund the company was thwarted on July 31, Tenor Capital cited a violation of a minimum cash covenant and demanded $51 million on August 20 as repayment for its $35 million loan made four months earlier. The lenders appointed Mike Katzenstein as interim chief operating officer of the company who acted without conferring with DDMG senior management, deciding to close the Florida studio, causing Chairman John Textor to submit a letter of resignation "in profound disagreement" with this decision.  It was announced on September 7, 2012, that all of DDMG's Port St. Lucie's operations, including Tradition Studios, were to be shut down, laying off nearly 300 newly trained and recruited employees.

On September 11, 2012, Digital Domain Media Group Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after the company's hedge fund lenders alleged the company defaulted on a minimum cash covenant relating to a $35 million loan.  DDMG's lenders proposed a deal to sell its operating businesses – Digital Domain and Mothership—to stalking horse Searchlight Capital Partners, a private investment firm, for $15 million. At the public auction on September 21, 2012, Digital Domain's visual effects business and its principal animation feature film properties were instead acquired by a joint venture led by a leading DDMG shareholder Beijing Galloping Horse America, LLC in partnership with Reliance MediaWorks (USA) The sale was approved on September 24, 2012.

The bankruptcy and financial restructuring of Digital Domain triggered a number of lawsuits, naming John Textor, former Apple CEO John Sculley and the entire Board of Directors, the auditors and others involved in the business and in the IPO offering. In February 2015, the Supreme Court of the State of New York ordered a convincing summary judgment in favor of John Textor, and the other Digital Domain defendants, terminating the principal lawsuit that had consolidated the outstanding investor claims. The Court found no evidence of fraud or misrepresentation and confirmed that DDMG accurately disclosed its financial situation to investors. The Court further ordered the plaintiffs to reimburse Mr. Textor for his fees and court costs.  In her 26-page opinion, New York Supreme Court Judge Debra James ruled contrary to the investors' claims, stating that the evidence "conclusively established" that plaintiffs were not misled and DDMG painted a realistic picture of the company's financial situation in SEC filings. The Court further ruled that there was no evidence that Mr. Textor and the other defendants made false or misleading statements or misrepresentations of material facts.

Palm Beach Capital, the largest investor in DDMG, identified hedge funds, Tenor Capital et al., as the primary cause of the company's difficulties, citing unlawful finance penalties and possible illegal short selling strategies designed to damage the company's public stock price. Ultimately, the hedge fund lenders of DDMG agreed to settle the outstanding claims by the DDMG parties through a May 2016 settlement agreement that awarded $8.5 million to former CEO John Textor and $3 million each to the city of Port Saint Lucie and the state of Florida.

In July 2013, approximately nine months after bankruptcy forced by a $35 million lender, majority ownership in Digital Domain was acquired by Hong Kong listed public company Sun Innovation, placing an approximate $3.5 billion valuation on Digital Domain, with Reliance MediaWorks continuing to own the minority stake.  Mr. Daniel Seah, who had spearheaded the bankruptcy acquisition and protection of Digital Domain by DDMG shareholder Beijing Galloping Horse America, LLC was appointed CEO.

Digital Humans Group
The company maintains a Digital Humans Group sub-division, presently headed by Darren Hendler, which provides scanning and digitization services to create digital reproductions of humans. The processes uses two programs, Masquerade and Direct Drive, which use a combination of high-resolution scans and motion capture technology, and the generated data can then be mapped and animated.

Filmography

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Upcoming

Digital Domain Television

Awards
Digital Domain artists and technologists have been recognized with seven Academy Awards: three for Best Visual Effects (Titanic, What Dreams May Come, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button); and four for Scientific and Technical Achievement for its proprietary technology—i.e., for Track (tracking software), for Nuke (compositing software), for Storm (volumetric renderer), and for its fluid simulation system.

The company's work has been nominated for five Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects (Apollo 13, True Lies, I, Robot, Real Steel and Transformers: Dark of the Moon). In addition, its excellence in digital imagery and animation has earned Digital Domain multiple British Academy (BAFTA) Awards.

Digital Domain's Advertising division provides digital imagery and animation for television commercials, working with top commercial directors. To date, it has been awarded 37 Clio Awards, 22 AICP awards, 9 Cannes Lion Awards and numerous other advertising honors. The Advertising division has also produced multiple music videos working with artists that include The Rolling Stones, Faith Hill, Creed, Janet Jackson, Busta Rhymes, Björk, Celine Dion, Michael Jackson and Nine Inch Nails, and has earned Grammy and MTV "Music Video of the Year" Awards.

See also
 Industrial Light & Magic
 Sony Pictures Imageworks
 Wētā FX
 Wētā Workshop
 Blur Studio
 Cinesite
 Rhythm & Hues
 Framestore
 Moving Picture Company (MPC)
 DNEG
 Image Engine
 Lego Alpha Team (video game)

References

Further reading
 Bizony, Piers. (2001) Digital Domain: the leading edge of visual effects, London: Aurum Press.

External links

1993 establishments in California
American companies established in 1993
American animation studios
Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners
Entertainment companies established in 1993
Computer animation
Special effects companies
Television and film post-production companies
Visual effects companies
Companies based in Los Angeles
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2012
James Cameron

Digital Domain


نيفادو ديل رويز، والمعروف أيضا إل دي ميسا هيرفيو أو كوماندي, هو بركان شمال سلسلة جبال الإنديز,وتتكون الفوهة البركان إلى عدة طبقات من الحمم البركانية المتناوبة من تصلب الرماد البركاني والصخور وغيرها من الحمم البركانية.
وكان أول نشاط للبركان قبل حوالي مليوني سنة، من أوائل العصر الحديث أو في أواخر العصر الجليدي.
و الانفجارات البركانية تسبب خروج مادة يسمونها بلينيان، والتي تنتج تيارات سريعة الحركة وتدفق الحمم البركانية,هذه الانفجارات غالبا ماتسبب انهيارات طينية ضخمة(تدفق الطين والحطام),مما يشكل تهديدا لحياة البشر.
وفي 11 نوفمبر 1985، نتج انفجار هائل دمر مدينة إريميرو في توليما(كولومبيا),مما سبب في مقتل 23,000.

انظر أيضًا
 حادثة أرميرو المأسوية

مراجع

قمم في جبال الأنديز يتجاوز ارتفاعها 5000 متر
أمريكا الجنوبية في 1595
كولومبيا في 1985
النشاط البركاني في القرن 16
النشاط البركاني في القرن 19
النشاط البركاني في القرن 20
أنهار جليدية في كولومبيا
براكين VEI-4
براكين البليستوسين
براكين البليوسين
براكين الهولوسين
براكين اندساسية
براكين تحت طبقة جليدية
براكين طبقية في كولومبيا
براكين نشطة
جبال كولومبيا
جغرافيا إدارة توليما
جغرافيا إدارة كالداس
كوارث طبيعية في 1845
كوارث طبيعية في 1985
كوارث طبيعية في كولومبيا

نيفادو ديل رويز


2013 දෙසැම්බර් මාසයේදී, වෙන් වශයෙන් එල්ලවූ බෝම්බ ප්‍රහාර දෙකක් විසින්, දක්ෂිණ රුසියාවේ,  වොල්ගග්‍රාඩ් ඕබ්ලස්ටයේ,  වොල්ගග්‍රාඩ් නගරයේ, මහජන ප්‍රවාහන සේවය ඉලක්ක කරගත් අතර, අපරාධකාරයන් දෙදෙනාද ඇතුළුව සමස්තයක් වශයෙන් තිහකට අධික ජනයා මරණයට පත් කලේය.

ආශ්‍රිත

2013 දෙසැම්බර් වොල්ගග්‍රාඩ් බෝම්බ ප්‍රහාරය