Club de Fútbol Monterrey, often known simply as Monterrey or their nickname Rayados, is a Mexican professional football club based in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Nuevo León, Mexico. The team currently plays in Liga MX, the top tier of Mexican football. Founded on 28 June 1945, it is the oldest active professional team from the northern part of Mexico. Since 1999 the club has been owned by FEMSA, Latin America's largest bottling company. Its home games have been played in the Estadio BBVA since 2015.

Monterrey has won five league titles, three domestic cups, and five CONCACAF Champions League titles (notably, three consecutive tournaments in 2011, 2012 and 2013). The team's nickname of Rayados (The Striped-Ones) stems from the club's traditional navy blue striped uniform. The uniform is reflected in the club's current crest, which is also decorated with stars above the crest representing the club's league titles and stars below representing continental. In 2020 Monterrey became the second Mexican club to complete the continental treble.

The club's oldest rival is Tigres UANL of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León. The local derby, known as the Clásico Regiomontano, is known for being one of the most heated and intensely competed derbies in Mexican football, as both teams consistently rank among the highest in attendance and currently feature the most expensive squads in the country.

History

1940s–50s

Club de Football Monterrey was founded on 28 June 1945, near the end of World War II by a group of industrial businessmen headed by Ramón Cárdenas Coronado, Enrique Ayala Medina, Paul C. Probert, Rogelio Cantú Gómez and Miguel Margáín Zozaya.

The team's nickname was popularly accepted, after the team's uniform, which is traditionally white with navy blue vertical stripes. Although the original uniform was white with a diagonal blue upper shoulder, the stripes were inspired in 1965, when the Tampico Madero (nicknamed "Jaibas Bravas", or Brave crabs) football team wore them, and the Monterrey team adopted them. Since then, the home uniform consists of vertical blue and white striped jerseys with blue shorts.

In its first professional game, played on 19 August 1945 against San Sebastián de León, Monterrey won 1–0, with José "Che" Gómez scoring the winner. That joy quickly came to an end, first by losing 6–0 to Montezuma, and then having the club's travelling bus involved in a tragic accident in the San Juan de los Lagos roads that would take the lives of many of the club's players and had a big impact on the surviving players. The other Mexican clubs in solidarity loaned players to Monterrey in order to continue playing the tournament, but the club struggled nevertheless; they lost 21 games in a row and conceded 121 goals that year, finishing last in the league. Due to these events, the club decided to stop playing in the league in 1946 in honor of the players who died.

It was not until 1952 when the club resumed action thanks to Dr. Carlos Canseco, president of the Asociación de Fútbol de Nuevo León. The club enrolled in the second division and just 4 years later the club earned promotion to the top division. Once again the joy was short-lived, when the club finished last in their first year back and was relegated once again to the second division after finishing with a record of 4 wins, 7 draws and 13 losses for a total of 15 points, just 1 short of Zacatepec who earned their permanence in the category. The club would once again earn the promotion in the 1959–60 season, and haven't been relegated since then.

1960s
The club started off the 1960s in bad shape, barely avoiding relegation with only 2 more points than Club Celaya, who had 19 points, in the 1960–61 season.

In the 1961–62 season the club was again close to relegation, finishing second to last for the second year in a row just one point ahead of Zacatepec, who had 18 points and was relegated. In the following season the club finally managed to have a decent campaign in the first division, finishing 5th in the league.

In the 1963–64 season the club improved their performance and would finish 3rd in the league just 5 points behind champions Guadalajara who had 37 points. In the following two seasons the club would finish third and fourth respectively, narrowly missing out on clinching titles by only a few points. The 1966–67 season was mediocre, as the club finished tied for 8th in the league with Irapuato on 30 points each. This season is also remembered for Jabatos de Nuevo León's promotion to the first division, which meant 2 clubs from Monterrey would be participating in the first division for the first time. However, the following season was even worse, with the club finishing 14th, only four points from relegation.

1970s
In 1970 the tournament was split into 2 short tournaments, due to the 1970 World Cup that was taking part in Mexico. In the first stage, the club was placed in group 1 where they managed to finish 2nd with 17 points, one less than group leader Toluca. In the second stage the club finished 7th of eight teams. The following year Monterrey finished runner up to Club América who went on to win the league title that year against Toluca.

In the 1971–72 tournament the club qualified for the play-offs which had been introduced a few years back. The club would lose in quarterfinals to Club América 2–1 on aggregate. The following year the club missed out on the playoffs, finishing tied for 5th with Veracruz and Guadalajara each with 32 points. The following season the club managed to qualify for the quarterfinals where they once again were eliminated, this time by Atlético Español 5–6 on aggregate.

In the 1975–76 tournament the club finished in first place with a total of 44 points by means of 16 wins, 12 draws and 10 losses. In quarterfinals the club played Cruz Azul and won 7–2 on aggregate. In the semifinals the club played against Guadalajara who eliminated them, 2–3 on aggregate. During 1975, the Portuguese superstar Eusébio played for the club.

In the 1976–77 and 1977–78 seasons, the club failed to qualify for the playoffs, finishing 4th both times. In the 1978–79 tournament the club once again qualified to the playoffs finishing 1st in group one with a total of 40 points by means of 14 wins 12 draws and 12 losses. This time a short tournament was played by the best 8 teams in the league who were then split into 2 groups. Monterrey was placed in group 2 along with Pumas, Tigres and Zacatepec. After 6 rounds of play the club finished in 3rd place with 6 points, just 2 points behind Pumas who went on to lose against Cruz Azul, the winners of the other group.

In the following season the club finished 3rd in group 1 with 34 points but failed to qualify for the playoffs again. The decade came to an end with "Rayados" having shown great effort, as they qualified a couple times for the playoffs, but failed to win their first league title.

In the year 1989, the hymn of Rayados was created by compositor Luis Aguilé. It is considered by Monterrey's fans as one of the symbols of identity of the team.

1990s
At the beginning of the decade, Monterrey signed two notable players, Carlos Hermosillo and Manuel Negrete, for the 1990–91 season. The next season, they won their first Copa MX after defeating Juarez 4–2 in the Estadio Tecnológico and then went on to reach the league final of the 1992–93 season, losing to Atlante.

While the early years of the decade seemed promising for Monterrey, the latter half of the decade would prove to be a disappointing one, as financial problems started to become a problem for the club. During this period, the club sold many players who would go on to have successful careers with other teams like Ramón Morales and Sinha. Young talent Jesus Arellano was sold to Guadalajara in 1997, though he returned to the club in 2000 and spent the next eleven years as captain before retiring in 2011.

One of the most memorable moments of this decade was the so-called "Clasico del Descenso" in the 1995–96 season. On 24 March 1996, Monterrey defeated their arch-rivals Tigres 2–1 at Estadio Universitario. Tigres were facing a relegation battle after years of poor results, and needed a victory to avoid being relegated; the defeat meant that Tigres would be relegated for the first and so far only time in their history to the Segunda División.

In 1999, Monterrey was facing a fierce relegation battle of its own against Puebla, culminating on May 9, 1999, when the teams faced each other at the Estadio Tecnológico to decide which team would get relegated. Monterrey only needed a draw to stay in the Primera División, and with a memorable performance from Francisco Javier "El Abuelo" Cruz who had played a vital role in Monterrey's first title win thirteen years before, Monterrey managed to draw 1–1 and stay in Mexico's top flight.

21st century

In 2002, Monterrey hired Argentinian coach Daniel Passarella and started to form a strong and competitive side featuring the likes of Guillermo Franco, Walter Erviti, Jesus Arellano and Luis Perez. In the Clausura 2003 tournament, they won their first official title. In the semi-finals, they faced their arch-rivals Tigres for the first time ever in a Liguilla. In the first leg, they won 4–1 at the Estadio Universitario, and despite losing 2–1 at their home ground in the second leg, they managed to advance to the finals with an aggregate victory of 5–3. On June 14, 2003, they defeated Monarcas Morelia 3–1 on aggregate to claim their second league title after 17 years.

Pasarella left in 2004, and afterwards, Monterrey hired Miguel Herrera to be their head coach. He led them to the finals of the Apertura 2004, but the club lost against Pumas. He would lead them to the finals again in the Apertura 2005 tournament, this time losing to Toluca by an aggregate of 6–3. After the loss, Guillermo Franco left the club to play for Spanish club Villarreal. Herrera would remain their head coach until 2007, when he was fired after a poor string of results in the Apertura 2007. For the Clausura 2008, Monterrey hired Ricardo La Volpe to be their head coach, and they managed to reach the semi-finals. This team featured new players such as Humberto Suazo and newly acquired league veteran striker Jared Borgetti. However, the next tournament was a poor one for Rayados, as they finished in 14th place.

The Vucetich Era (2009–13)

In 2009, Monterrey hired coach Víctor Manuel Vucetich and formed a team that would become one of the strongest in the league, with an attack led by Humberto Suazo and new acquisition Aldo de Nigris, a midfield featuring veteran players Luis Ernesto Perez and Jesus Arellano along with Walter Ayovi and a defence led by Jose Maria Basanta, Duilio Davino and goalkeeper Jonathan Orozco. They won their third league title, the Apertura 2009 tournament, with an aggregate 6–4 victory against Cruz Azul in the finals. The first leg was played at the Estadio Tecnológico, where Monterrey overcame a 3–1 deficit to win the game 4–3. The second leg was played at the Estadio Azul, with Monterrey winning 2–1. Thus, after a six-year wait Monterrey lifted their third league title.

In the next tournament, Humberto Suazo left to play for Spanish club Real Zaragoza, but nonetheless, Monterrey managed to finish on top of the table for the first time in their history. However, they would be eliminated in the quarter-finals by Pachuca. Suazo returned to Rayados for the Apertura 2010 tournament, and they managed to win their fourth league title when they defeated Santos Laguna in the finals. Although they lost 3–2 in the first leg, they were able to make a comeback and win 3–0 in the second leg at the Estadio Tecnológico, with Humberto Suazo and Jose Basanta scoring two and one goals, respectively. With an aggregate score of 5–3, Monterrey claimed their fourth title.

Monterrey secured a place in the 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League and won the tournament for the first time in their history. They faced Real Salt Lake in the Finals and won 3–2 on aggregate to claim their first CONCACAF Champions League title and the third title in the Vucetich Era.

The following year, they reached the finals of the Clausura 2012 league tournament and the 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League. Both finals were against the same opponent, Santos Laguna. Rayados were seeking to win their fifth league title and their second Champions League title. They lost the Clausura 2012 finals against Santos, but won the finals of the Champions League against them to claim their second consecutive CONCACAF title.

Monterrey reached the finals of the 2012–13 CONCACAF Champions League for the third consecutive time, and faced Santos Laguna in a repeat of the previous year's final. The first leg finished in a 0–0 draw. In the second leg, Santos built a 2–0 lead with goals from Darwin Quintero and former Rayados player Felipe Baloy. However, Monterrey managed to make a dramatic comeback and scored four goals within 30 minutes, starting with a brace from Aldo de Nigris and a goal each from Humberto Suazo and Neri Cardozo, which gave Monterrey their third consecutive CONCACAF Champions League title and the fifth overall title in the Vucetich Era. This solidified them as the best Mexican soccer team of all time. Although they enjoyed tremendous success in the CONCACAF Champions League, they did not return to the following tournament as they could not reach any league finals during the 2012–13 Liga MX season and thus could not get a chance to try and become the first team to win the tournament four times in a row.

Monterrey started the 2013–14 season with a lot of changes. Aldo de Nigris left the club to join Chivas, and Walter Ayovi joined Pachuca. By now, players like Jesus Arellano and Duilio Davino had retired, and long-time club players like Luis Ernesto Perez had left the club. With the arrival of new players like Dorlan Pabon and Leobardo Lopez, Monterrey was ready for the Apertura 2013 tournament. However, a string of poor results and the shock early departure of Pabon would prove to be a threat as Monterrey started the tournament poorly. On August 25, 2013, Rayados announced that Vucetich had stepped down as coach, and thus the Vucetich Era, which earned the club a total of five titles in four years, came to an end.

Post-Vucetich period (2013–15)

Rayados hired José Guadalupe Cruz to become the new manager of the team, and although they managed to reach the semi-finals of the domestic cup, the Copa MX, they failed to qualify to the playoffs of the Apertura 2013 tournament. After a bad start to the Clausura 2014, they fired Cruz on February 18, 2014, after only 17 league games coached.

Monterrey replaced Cruz with Carlos Barra, who had worked as an assistant coach for Vucetich. Although they failed to reach the playoffs for the second consecutive tournament, the team kept Barra for the 2014–15 season. Colombian striker Dorlan Pabon re-joined the team, and with new signings such as Stefan Medina and Pablo Barrera, Monterrey started the Apertura 2014 tournament with high expectations. They managed to secure 6th place and returned to the playoffs for the first time since Vucetich had managed the club. The club had a strike partnership of Dorlan Pabon and Humberto Suazo, with Pabon scoring 11 goals. The club reached the semi-finals but lost 3–0 on aggregate against the eventual champions Club América in what would prove to be Suazo's last games with the club before returning to Colo-Colo. Suazo had scored over 102 league goals in a seven-year span and became the all-time top scorer for the club at the time.

The team started the Clausura 2015 tournament in poor form, losing four of their first six games, and on February 15, the team fired Barra and replaced him with two-time Liga MX champion Antonio Mohamed, who had led Club América to the league championship the previous tournament. Mohamed had played for Rayados during his years as a player. He was part of the squad that managed to avoid relegation in 1999. Monterrey did not qualify to the playoffs under Mohamed, but the club were keen on keeping him for the 2015–16 season. That season would prove to be a special one as the team were moving to a new home ground, the Estadio BBVA Bancomer. In the summer, Rayados made new signings, including midfielder Walter Gargano, striker Rogelio Funes Mori and re-signed Jose Maria Basanta, who had left for Italian side Florentina after the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Former club veterans Aldo de Nigris and Luis Ernesto Pérez also returned to the club, along with the promotion to the first team of promising young center back Cesar Montes. Rayados had a formidable attacking trio of Dorlan Pabon, Rogelio Funes Mori and Edwin Cardona, who had signed with Monterrey during the winter of 2015. They narrowly missed the playoffs of the Apertura 2015 tournament, but their offense was lauded by many as one of the best in the league.

Tenure of Antonio Mohamed (2015–2018)
After failing to qualify for the playoffs in 2015, the club loaned several players to other clubs in the league. Players such as Stefan Medina and Severo Meza were loaned to Pachuca and Sinaloa, respectively. In the winter of 2016, the team acquired club veteran Walter Ayovi who had left the club in 2013 and River Plate midfielder Carlos Sánchez who had won the Copa Libertadores a few months prior. The team began the Clausura 2016 tournament in great form by winning their first three games. They went on to have their best regular season in years by finishing on top of the league with 37 points, seven points ahead of second place Pachuca. The team's success was primarily due to their attacking trio composed of Pabon, Funes Mori and Cardona, with midfielder Carlos Sanchez providing several goals and assists.

The team entered the playoffs as favourites to win the title. In the quarterfinals, they faced their arch-rivals and defending league champions Tigres UANL, the first leg was played at the Estadio Universitario where Monterrey won 3–1. The away leg was played at the BBVA Bancomer, where Tigres won 2–1 despite several penalties that were controversially awarded to Monterrey. Monterrey advanced to the semi-finals with a 4–3 aggregate victory and extended their record of never being eliminated by Tigres in the playoffs. In the semi-finals, they faced América, losing the first leg at the Estadio Azteca 1–0. In the second leg, they faced them at home and pulled off a dramatic 4–2 victory, in what was described by some pundits as one of the best games in the history of the playoffs. They advanced to the league finals where they would face Pachuca. Controversy arose when it was confirmed that Carlos Sanchez would not be able to play the finals as the Uruguay national team had called him up for the upcoming Copa América Centenario. In the league finals against Pachuca, Monterrey lost the first leg 1–0 at the Estadio Hidalgo, with the sole goal coming from striker Franco Jara. The second leg took place at the Estadio BBVA Bancomer in what was its first ever final since it was inaugurated the year before. On May 29, in front of 53,000 spectators, the final was played. Monterrey opened the scoring in the 39th minute with a shot from Dorlan Pabon to level the aggregate 1–1. Veteran goalkeeper Óscar Pérez had several key saves for Pachuca, and in the closing minutes of the game, a header from Victor Guzman in the 93rd minute gave the title to Pachuca in what was described by the Mexican media as a heart-breaking defeat for Monterrey.

The following tournament ended in disappointment as the team narrowly failed to qualify to the playoffs of the Apertura 2016. However, it also saw the return of Rayados to the CONCACAF Champions League after a three-year absence, having won the tournament three times in a row under Vucetich. The team had high hopes to redeem itself after their league title loss; however, the team was shockingly eliminated in the group stage after finishing second in their group behind Panamanian club Arabe Unido.

In the Apertura 2017 season, Monterrey finished the regular season in first place with 37 points and advanced to playoffs. In quarterfinals, Monterrey beat Atlas 2–1 in the first leg and 4–1 in the second, a 6–2 aggregate. Monterrey faced Morelia in semifinals, winning 1–0 in the away leg and 4–0 in the home leg, a 5–0 aggregate. Monterrey advanced to the final against arch rival Tigres, In the first leg, the teams tied 1–1 at the Estadio Universitario. In the second leg at the Estadio BBVA Bancomer, Tigres beat Monterrey 2–1 with goals from Eduardo Vargas and Francisco Meza. In May 2018, Mohamed resigned from his position shortly after being eliminated from the Clausura 2018 playoffs by Club Tijuana. He left the club having won two titles and breaking the club record amount of points for short seasons, but was criticized for various playoff failures.

Appointment of Diego Alonso (2018–2019)

After announcing the appointment of Diego Alonso in July 2018, the club would have a great run in the Copa MX. Despite beating Querétaro 1–0 in the quarter-finals and Pachuca on penalties in the semi-finals, the club would fall short, losing 2–0 to Cruz Azul in Copa MX Apertura final.  Monterrey would finish third in the Liga MX Clausura and fifth in the Liga MX Apertura, giving them a playoff spot in both competitions. They would advance to the semifinals in the Clausura playoffs, beating Necaxa but losing to Tigres on a league position decider after a 1–1 draw. In the Apertura playoffs they would have to face the same faith, going on to the semi-finals of the competition, beating Santos Laguna 3–0 on aggregate in the quarter-finals until facing Cruz Azul and falling short on a league position decider after a 1–1 draw. In the CONCACAF Champions League, they would go on to win the continental tournament after convincingly beating Sporting Kansas City 10–2 on aggregate in the semi-final and finally beating rivals Tigres in the CONCACAF Champions League final. This championship was significant to the city, and seen as a kind of revenge for the domestic final lost to Tigres, and is known in the city as "the star that shines the most".

In the Apertura 2019 season, Diego Alonso would be dismissed from his post having more defeats than victories in the Apertura.

Reappointment of Antonio Mohamed (2019–2020)
On 14 October, Antonio Mohamed was reappointed as the manager of Monterrey. The club would find themselves in a good run in the Club World Cup, advancing to the semi-finals after beating Al Sadd 3–2, but were eventually eliminated by losing to Liverpool after a stoppage time winner from Roberto Firmino. The club would beat Al Hilal on penalties, earning a third place medal in the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup.  That same month, despite the club finishing 8th on the Apertura general table, they would go on to reach the championship finals against América and defeat them in penalties, winning 4–2 and securing their 5th championship league trophy.

Culture

Colours

Since the club's founding in 1945, the colours used by the club have been white and blue, with varied use from the usual stripes. The shade of the blue itself has been in constant change, ranging from navy and cobalt to slightly lighter tones. The third colour has also been inconsistent, sometimes presented as being red, orange and cyan, and recently, violet, purple or green.

Youth development
The club has constantly emphasized home-grown (cantera) players and has produced international players such as Francisco Javier Cruz, Héctor Becerra, Missael Espinoza, Jesús Arellano, Antonio de Nigris, Severo Meza, Jonathan Orozco, Jesús Zavala, Hiram Mier, Jesús Manuel Corona, César Montes, Jonathan González, and Carlos Rodríguez among others.

Rivalry

Rayados' biggest rival is Tigres UANL. This rivalry is called the Clásico Regiomontano. Monterrey and Tigres are both known to sell out all of their home games regardless of weather conditions and the teams' status. For Clásico matches, the stadium is sold out as soon as tickets go on sale. The rivalry has been labeled as the most intensely competed rivalry in Mexican football.

As of August 2022, there have been a total of 128 official Clásico games, Tigres has been victorious in 47 of them, while Monterrey has won 42, and a total of 39 games have been draws. Monterrey and Tigres played their first Clásico on 13 July 1974 in the Estadio Universitario, with the match ending in a 1–1 draw. Monterrey would be the first team to win the Clásico in their second confrontation, 2–1. Almost all their first encounters were played in the Estadio Universitario, with averages of 70,000 fans attending these games, which were before the stadium renovation. In addition, there were also another six "non-official" games before the first official Clásico, in five of which Rayados were victorious.

Monterrey has recently held somewhat of a regional rivalry with state neighbors Santos Laguna, whom they have played a total of four finals, with Monterrey winning three of them and Santos one. It is known by many as La Nortena.

Fan base

Los Rayados supporters constantly fill the Estadio BBVA Bancomer. They had the highest average Liga MX attendance (50,000 per game) in 2016. The city of Monterrey claims and does have Mexico's most loyal supporting crowds for their teams, due to the city having the only venues that regularly sell-out in the Primera División. There is a rivalry between the La Adicción, a C.F. Monterrey support crowd, and the Libres y Lokos, a Tigres UANL support crowd, each time a Clásico takes place.

Rayados Kids

In 2017 Rayados C.f. launched its YouTube and YouTube Kids original series, Rayados Kids, dedicated to creating content for children who love the team, in interview style format with the team players and original stories revolving around the teams actual positioning on soccer leagues. The web garnered around six thousand subscriptions and one million views in its first year.

Rayados Christmas Campaign

Since 2010 Rayados teammates have joined to wish a merry Christmas to its fans, by filming their annual holiday campaign. It has become a tradition to include a new rendition of their famous crowd chant song "corrido de monterrey" each year on their holiday video, showing their fans how their passion lives "en la vida y en la cancha".

Grounds
Monterrey played their home matches at the Estadio Tecnológico from 1950 to 2015, though for a period of time from 1973 to 1980 they played at the Estadio Universitario, the stadium was opened on July 17, 1950, by Mexican president Miguel Alemán Valdés, it was the second oldest football stadium in Mexico, after Estadio Azul. The stadium was a part of the 1986 Mexico FIFA World Cup which could hold 38,000 people, and served 4 matches within the tournament but, in July 2017 the stadium began to be demolished.

In 1977–78, with preparations for the 1977 CONCACAF Championship underway at the Estadio Universitario, both Tigres and Rayados played at the Estadio Tecnológico, including the first Clásico Regio derby held in the stadium; it would be the first of 42 meetings between the two clubs venue, with the final fixture being a 2–2 draw in October 2014.
Monterrey won league titles in 1986 (Mexico 1986) and Apertura 2010 in the venue, as well as the Copa MX in 1991 and the CONCACAF Champions League in 2012–13.In July 2015, Monterrey moved to a new stadium called Estadio BBVA, located in Guadalupe, Nuevo León, in Greater Monterrey. The new stadium currently has a capacity of 53,500 people. The stadium has similar features of those incorporated within the design of England's Wembley Stadium and the Aviva Stadium in Ireland. The stadium was inaugurated on 2 August 2015 in a friendly match for the eighth edition of the Eusébio Cup, where Monterrey defeated Benfica 3–0 hosting in front of a sold-out crowd.

Estadio BBVA, designed by Christopher Lee of Populous, started its development in October 2011, and included plans for reforestation and environmental healing for the decaying area that surrounds the construction site. The stadium was developed by FEMSA which costed around US$200 million. It is seen as one of the most beautiful stadiums in Mexico, it has the fourth largest capacity crowd in Mexico. It has an authentic grass surface, suites, a club-themed Restaurant, a club lounge, and high-end interior and exterior design. The inclination of the grandstand is 34 degrees and with the minimum distance allowed by FIFA to provide unsurpassed closeness to the action.

On 29 May 2016, Monterrey played their first final in their new stadium in front of 50,000 fans against Pachuca for the Clausura 2016 championship, which they tied 1–1, but lost 2–1 on aggregate.

Kits and sponsorship

Kit evolution

The original uniform was a shirt that was split diagonally across the chest with blue and white at each side, with white shorts and navy blue socks. In 1955 after winning the second division the club used a white shirt with two horizontal blue lines across the chest. In the 1960s the club wore a different kit inspired by the one used by Jaibos Tampico Madero with vertical baby blue lines with white shorts and socks. It was in 1962 when D. José Ramón Ballina introduced the kit that the club still uses to date, inspired by Asturias FC, a club he had played in Mexico City.

In the 1970s, many models emerged, some with broad, thicker stripes, and blue and black combinations, but the most significant change occurred in the mid-1980s when the color of the T-shirt changed from royal blue to navy blue, a colour that is still in use today.

Atletica was the kit manufacturer from 1999 to 2007, followed by American company Nike which manufactured the kits from 2007 to 2014. Afterwards, Monterrey signed a contract with German sportswear manufacturer Puma which has been making the team's kit ever since.

Sponsors

Honours

National competitions
Primera División / Liga MX
Winners (5) México 86, Clausura 2003, Apertura 2009, Apertura 2010, Apertura 2019

Copa México / Copa MX
Winners (3): 1991–92, Apertura 2017, 2019–20

Second Division Super Cup
Winners (1): 1956

International competitions
CONCACAF Champions Cup
Winners (5): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2019, 2021

CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup
Winners (1): 1993

FIFA Club World Cup
Third place (2): 2012, 2019

Friendly tournaments
Eusébio Cup (1): 2015
 2nd place: Trofeo Ciudad de la Línea (Spain, 1979)
 2nd place: Ciudad de Alicante Trophy (Spain, 1979)
 2nd place: Ciudad de Jerez Trophy (Spain, 1979)
 Los Angeles Nations Cup (1): 1991
 Copa Gobernador de Nuevo León (1): 1992
 Subcampeón del Torneo Ría de Aveiro (Portugal): 1995
 Subcampeón del Trofeo Ciudad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain): 1995
 Copa Rial (Pontevedra, España) (1): 1995
 Copa Movistar (1): 2002
 International Challenge Cup (1): 2003
 Torneo de Verano Miller Lite (1): 2004
 Copa Chiapas(1): 2006
 Trofeo Santos Laguna 25 Aniversario (1): 2008
 Chicago Mayor's Cup (1): 2009
 Copa 100 años de la UNAM (1): 2010

Personnel

Management

Coaching staff

Players

First-team squad

Out on loan

Reserve teams

Top scorers

Most appearances

 Players in bold are currently active with Club de Fútbol Monterrey.
 Does not count appearances in international competitions.

Managers

 Roberto Scarone (1962–65)
 Mario Perez (1966–69)
 Ignacio "El Gallo" Jáuregui (1969–74)
 Fernando Riera (1975–76)
 Bira (1976)
 Luis Firpo (1976–77)
 Fernando Riera (1977–78)
 Otto Glória (1978–79)
 Gustavo Peña (1979)
 Bira (1979–80)
 Pedro Dellacha (1980–81)
 Héctor Hugo Eugui (1981–82)
 Vicente Pereda (1982–83)
 Roberto Matosas (1983–84)
 Francisco Avilán (1984–87)
 José Ledezma (1987–89)
 Fernando Riera (1989)
 Pedro García (1989–91)
 Carlos Alberto Torres (1991–92)
 Miguel Mejía Barón (1 July 1991 – 30 June 93)
 Hugo Hernández (1993–94)
 Magdaleno Cano (1994), (1997), (1999)
 Arturo Salah (1 July 1994 – 30 June 97)
 Claudio Lostanau (1997)
 Tomás Boy (1 July 1997 – 30 June 98)
 José Treviño (22 Jan 1999 – 1 March 99)
 Carlos Jara Saguier (4 March 1999 – 30 June 99)
 Eduardo Solari (1999)
 Benito Floro (12 Nov 1999 – 30 June 2001)
 Daniel Passarella (1 July 2002 – 31 Dec 2003)
 Hugo de León (2004)
 Sergio Orduña (20 April 2004 – 30 June 2004)
 Miguel Herrera (1 July 2004–16 Sept 2007)
 Isaac Mizrahi Smeke (1 Oct 2007 – 10 Jan 2008)
 Ricardo La Volpe (12 Jan 2008 – 8 Jan 2009)
 Víctor Manuel Vucetich (9 Jan 2009 – 26 Aug 2013)
 José Guadalupe Cruz (27 Aug 2013 – 18 Feb 2014)
 C. Barra & J. Treviño (interim) (19 Feb 2014 – 16 May 2014)
 Carlos Barra (16 May 2014 – 15 February 2015)
 Antonio Mohamed (16 February 2015 – 7 May 2018)
 Diego Alonso (18 May 2018 – 30 September 2019)
 Antonio Mohamed (9 October 2019 – 25 November 2020)
 Javier Aguirre (7 December 2020 – 26 February 2022)
 Víctor Manuel Vucetich (2 March 2022 – 28 May 2023)
 Fernando Ortíz (29 May 2023 –)

References

External links

Football clubs in Mexico
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C.F. Monterrey


La pardela de Parkinson (Procellaria parkinsoni) es una especie de ave procelariforme de la familia Procellariidae. Es un ave que anida únicamente en las islas Gran Barrera y Hauturu en Nueva Zelanda. Desde estas islas se dispersa sobre el mar hasta Australia y Estados Unidos. No tiene subespecies reconocidas.

Es un ave grande que puede alcanzar una longitud de 46 cm, una envergadura de 115 cm y un peso de 680 a 720 g.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Procellaria

Procellaria parkinsoni


Raketa (ruso: Paкeтa) es una marca de relojes que se han fabricado desde 1961 en la Fabrica de Relojes de Petrodvorets en San Petersburgo. Raketa significa cohete en lengua rusa.

Historia

Orígenes
La fábrica de relojes de Petrodvorets es la fábrica más antigua de Rusia, fue fundada en San Petersburgo por Pedro el Grande en 1721 como la Fábrica de Peterhof, e inicialmente se especializaba en joyería y talla de piedras preciosas.
Durante la era soviética, la fábrica se convierte en el principal proveedor de piedras de precisión para las industria relojera y militar del país. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial la mayor parte de la maquinaria y empleados son trasladados a nuevas instalaciones en los Montes Urales para alejarlos del avance alemán. A partir de 1946, se inicia la manufactura de relojes de marca Zvezda y Pobeda, tras lo cual la fábrica se especializa en la relojería a partir de 1949.

Inicio
La marca Raketa se lanza en 1961 para coincidir con el primer vuelo tripulado al espacio de Yuri Gagarin. En la década de los ochenta, la producción de relojes Raketa alcanzó alrededor de cinco millones de unidades anuales. Eran utilizados por la población civil de la URSS, además de las fuerzas armadas soviéticas, misiones de exploración al Polo Norte, así como por clientes en mercados de exportación.

.

Era Post-Soviética
Tras la caída de la Unión Soviética, Raketa desciende su producción a 10000 unidades anuales, sobreviviendo la década de los 90 gracias a encargos militares. Sin embargo la marca perdió gran parte de sus instalaciones. Oleg Tychkin, quien había dirigido la fábrica desde 1961, falleció en el 2000. En 2009, el consorcio Duraine adquiere la fábrica (incluyendo la marca) e incrementa la producción. En 2009 las instalaciones (consideradas inaccesibles durante la era soviética) se abren al público previa cita.

Galería de imágenes

Enlaces externos

 el sitio oficial de la fábrica «Raketa»

Referencias

Marcas rusas
Marcas de relojes

Raketa


USS Suwannee (CVE-27), was built as the civilian oiler Markay, in 1939, before being acquired by the US Navy, in 1941, and renamed Suwannee (AO-33), after the tradition of naming fleet oilers after rivers. In 1942, she was converted to a . Originally classified as an "Aircraft Escort Vessel", AVG-27, on 14 February 1942, she was reclassified an "Auxiliary Aircraft Carrier", ACV-27, 20 August 1942, before finally being classified as an "Escort Carrier", CVE-27, 15 July 1943. After the war, she was later classified an "Escort Helicopter Aircraft Carrier" and again redesignated, CVHE-27, 12 June 1955.

Construction
Markay was laid down on 3 June 1938, at Kearney, New Jersey, by the Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., under a Maritime Commission contract (MC Hull 5); launched on 4 March 1939; sponsored by Mrs. Marguerite Vickery (née Blanchard), wife of Howard L. Vickery; delivered to the Keystone Tankship Corporation, and operated by that company until acquired by the Navy, on 26 June 1941. Keystone Tankship Corp., in turn delivered the vessel at Baltimore, Maryland. Renamed Suwannee (AO-33), the ship was commissioned "in ordinary", an inactive status, on 9 July 1941, then placed in commission, on 16 July 1941.

World War II
After operating for six months as an oiler with the Atlantic Fleet, Suwannee was designated an "Aircraft Escort Vessel", AVG-27, on 14 February 1942, and decommissioned, on 21 February, at Newport News, Virginia, for conversion to a . On 20 August, she was redesignated an "Auxiliary Carrier", ACV-27, and was recommissioned as such on 24 September 1942, Captain Joseph J. Clark in command.

1942
Less than a month after commissioning, Suwannee was underway from Hampton Roads, for the invasion of North Africa. She joined  as the other carrier attached to the Center Attack Group whose specific objective was Casablanca, itself, via Fedhala, just to the north. Early in the morning of 8 November, she arrived off the coast of Morocco, and for the next few days, her Grumman F4F Wildcats maintained combat and anti-submarine (ASW) air patrols, while her Grumman TBF Avengers joined Rangers in bombing missions. During the Naval Battle of Casablanca from 8–11 November, Suwannee sent up 255 air sorties and lost only five planes, three in combat and two to operational problems.

On 11 November, off Fedhala Roads, her ASW patrol sank what was reported to be a German U-boat, but which was later determined to have been , one of the three French submarines which sortied from Casablanca, on the day of the assault. She was the first escort carrier to score against an enemy submarine, and she helped to prove the usefulness of her type in ASW.

Suwannee remained in North African waters until mid-November, then sailed, via Bermuda, for Norfolk, Virginia. She arrived back at Hampton Roads, on 24 November, and stayed until 5 December, when she got underway for the South Pacific.

1943
The auxiliary carrier transited the Panama Canal, on 11–12 December, and arrived at New Caledonia, on 4 January 1943. For the next seven months, she provided air escort for transports and supply ships replenishing and bolstering the Marines on Guadalcanal, as well as for the forces occupying other islands in the Solomons group. During that span of time, she visited Guadalcanal, Efate, and Espiritu Santo in addition to New Caledonia. She was reclassified as an "Escort Carrier", CVE-27, on 15 July 1943.

She returned to the United States at San Diego, California, in October, and by 5 November, was back at Espiritu Santo. On 13 November, she departed to participate in the Gilbert Islands operation. From 19–23 November, she was a part of the Air Support Group of the Southern Attack Force, and her planes bombed Tarawa, while the ships in the Northern Attack Force engaged the enemy at Makin. Following the occupation of the Gilberts, the escort carrier returned to the US, via Pearl Harbor, arriving in San Diego on 21 December.

1944
She remained on the west coast for two weeks, into the new year, then set a course for Lahaina Roads in the Hawaiian Islands. She departed Hawaii, on 22 January 1944, and headed for the Marshalls. During that operation, Suwannee joined the Northern Attack Force, and her planes bombed and strafed Roi and Namur Islands, in the northern part of Kwajalein Atoll, and conducted anti-submarine patrols for the task force. She remained in the vicinity of Kwajalein for the first 15 days of February, then spent the next nine days helping out at Eniwetok. On 24 February, she headed east again and arrived at Pearl Harbor, on 2 March for a two-week stay.

By 30 March, she was in the vicinity of the Palau Islands as the 5th Fleet subjected those islands to two days of extensive bombing raids. A week later, she put into Espiritu Santo, for four days. After short stops at Purvis Bay, in the Solomons, and at Seeadler Harbor, Manus, the escort carrier headed for New Guinea. For two weeks, she supported the Hollandia landings by shuttling replacement aircraft to the larger fleet carriers actually engaged in air support of the landings. She returned to Manus on 5 May.

Following two voyages from Espiritu Santo, one to Tulagi and the other to Kwajalein, Suwannee arrived off Saipan, in mid-June. For the next one and a half months, she supported the invasion of the Marianas, participating in the campaigns against Saipan and Guam. On 19 June, as the Battle of the Philippine Sea began to unfold, Suwannee was one of the first ships to draw enemy blood when one of her planes flying combat air patrol attacked and sank the . Suwanees planes did not actually become engaged in the famous battle of naval aircraft, because they remained with the invasion forces in the Marianas providing ASW and combat air patrols (CAPs).

On 4 August, she cleared the Marianas for Eniwetok and Seeadler Harbor, reaching the latter port on 13 August. Almost a month later, on 10 September, she put to sea to support the landings on Morotai in the Netherlands East Indies. Those landings went off without opposition on 15 September, and Suwannee returned to Seeadler Harbor, to prepare for the invasion of the Philippines.

On 12 October, the escort carrier got underway from Manus, in Rear Admiral Thomas L. Sprague's Escort Carrier Group to provide air support for the landings at Leyte Gulf. She reached the Philippines several days later, and her planes began strikes on enemy installations in the Visayas until 25 October. She provided air support for the assault forces with ASW and CAPs and strikes against Japanese installations ashore.

On 24–25 October 1944, the Japanese launched a major surface offensive from three directions to contest the landings at Leyte Gulf. While Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa's Mobile Force sailed south from Japan and drew the bulk of Admiral William Halsey's 3d Fleet off to the north, Admiral Shima's 2nd Striking Force, along with Admiral Shoji Nishimura's Force, attempted to force the Surigao Strait from the south. This drew Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf's Bombardment Group south to meet that threat in the Battle of Surigao Strait. With Admiral Oldendorf's old battleships fighting in Surigao Strait and Halsey's 3rd Fleet scurrying north, Suwannee, with the other 15 escort carriers and 22 destroyers and destroyer escorts, formed the only Allied naval force operating off Leyte Gulf when Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's 1st Striking Force sneaked through the unguarded San Bernardino Strait into the Philippine Sea.

Just before 07:00, on 25 October, one of s planes reported a Japanese force of four battleships, eight cruisers, and 11 destroyers. This force, Kurita's, immediately began a surface engagement with Rear Admiral Clifton Sprague's "Taffy 3", the northernmost group of escort carriers. Suwannee was much farther south as an element of Rear Admiral Thomas Sprague's "Taffy 1". Consequently, she did not participate in the running surface Battle off Samar.

Her problems came from another quarter. At 07:40, on 25 October, "Taffy 1" was jumped by land-based planes from Davao in the first deliberate kamikaze attack of the war. The first one crashed into ; and, 30 seconds later, Suwannee splashed a kamikaze during his run on . Her gunners soon shot down another enemy plane, then bore down on a third circling in the clouds at about . They hit the enemy, but he rolled over, dove at Suwannee and crashed into her at 08:04 about  forward of the after elevator, opening a  hole in her flight deck. His bomb compounded the fracture when it exploded between the flight and hangar decks, tearing a  gash in the latter and causing a number of casualties.

Medical officer Lieutenant Walter B. Burwell wrote:

One of our corpsmen tending the wounded on the flight deck saw the plight of those isolated by fire on the forecastle. He came below to report that medical help was critically needed there. It seemed to me that we would have to try to get through to them. So he and I restocked our first aid bags with morphine syrettes, tourniquets, sulfa, Vaseline, and bandages, commandeered a fire extinguisher and made our way forward, dodging flames along the main deck. Along part of the way, we were joined by a sailor manning a seawater fire hose with fairly good pressure, and though the seawater would only scatter the gasoline fires away from us, by using the water and foam alternatively as we advanced, we managed to work our way up several decks, through passageways along the wrecked and burning combat information center and decoding area, through officers' country, and finally out on the forecastle. Many of the crew on the forecastle and the catwalks above it had been blown over the side by the explosions. But others trapped below and aft of the forecastle area found themselves under a curtain of fire from aviation gasoline pouring down from burning planes on the flight deck above. Their only escape was to leap aflame into the sea, but some were trapped so that they were incinerated before they could leap. By the time we arrived on the forecastle, the flow of gasoline had mostly consumed itself, and flames were only erupting and flickering from combustible areas of water and oil. Nonetheless, the decks and bulkheads were still blistering hot and ammunition in the small arms locker on the deck below was popping from the heat like strings of firecrackers. With each salvo of popping, two or three more panicky crew men would leap over the side, and we found that our most urgent task was to persuade those poised on the rail not to jump by a combination of physical restraint and reassurance that fires were being controlled and that more help was on the way. Most of the remaining wounded in the forecastle area were severely burned beyond recognition and hope.

Within two hours, her flight deck was sufficiently repaired to enable the escort carrier to resume air operations. Suwanees group fought off two more air attacks before 13:00; then steamed in a northeasterly direction to join Taffy 3 and launch futile searches for Kurita's rapidly retiring force. Just after noon on 26 October, another group of kamikazes jumped Taffy 1. A Zero crashed into Suwanees flight deck at 1240 and careened into a torpedo bomber which had just been recovered. The two planes erupted upon contact as did nine other planes on her flight deck. The resulting fire burned for several hours, but was finally brought under control. The casualties for 25–26 October were 107 dead and 160 wounded. The escort carriers put into Kossol Roads, in the Palaus, on 28 October, then headed for Manus, for upkeep, on 1 November.

1945
After five days in Seeadler Harbor, Suwannee got underway to return to the west coast for major repairs. She stopped at Pearl Harbor, overnight on 19–20 November, and arrived at Puget Sound Navy Yard, on 26 November. Her repairs were completed by 31 January 1945; and, after brief stops at Hunter's Point and Alameda, California, she headed west and back into the war. The escort carrier stopped at Pearl Harbor, from 16–23 February, at Tulagi, from 4–14 March, and at Ulithi, from 21–27 March, before arriving off Okinawa, on 1 April.

Her first assignment was close air support for the invasion troops, but, within a few days, she settled down to a routine of pounding the kamikaze bases at Sakishima Gunto. For the major portion of the next 77 days, her planes continued to deny the enemy the use of those air bases. Periodically, she put into the anchorage at Kerama Retto, to rearm and replenish, but she spent the bulk of her time in air operations at sea.

On 16 June, she headed for San Pedro Bay, in Leyte Gulf. She remained there for a week, then returned to the Netherlands East Indies, at Makassar Strait, to support the landings at Balikpapan, Borneo. The carrier reentered San Pedro Bay, on 6 July, and spent the next month there. On 3 August, she got underway for Okinawa, arriving in Buckner Bay, three days later.

Hostilities ended on 15 August, but Suwannee remained at Okinawa, for the next three weeks. On 7 September,  stood out of Buckner Bay, in company with , , , and , as screen for the carriers Suwannee, , , and the cruiser , bound for Japan and occupation duty in the erstwhile enemy's waters. For the week that followed, the group operated off the coast of Kyushu, southwest of Nagasaki, Japan, while aircraft from the carriers patrolled the island and coast and assisted in locating mines in the clearance operations paving the way for entry into the harbor at Nagasaki. The ships had entered Nagasaki Harbor by 15 September while Allied prisoners of war (New Zealand) were taken on board the hospital ship . The carriers were sent there because of their medical facilities and doctors. Chenango left Nagasaki, on the morning of 15 September, with war prisoners. Crew members of Suwannee were given shore leave during their stay and observed the devastation of ground zero first hand. Suwannee and all the other ships in port experienced very difficult circumstances when typhoon Ida hit on 17 September. While moored between two buoys with two  steel cables and an  hawser both bow and stern, she lost all contact with the stern buoy and moved dangerously close to shore. The bow cables and hawser held and she remained safely in place by turning the screws to maintain position.

On 21 September, Suwannee departed Nagasaki, and remained at sea until she made a quick seven-hour stop at the outer harbor of Nagasaki before heading toward Kobe. That stop was aborted because of a minefield on the path there, so they returned south to Wakayama on 27 September. On 2 October, Suwannee Captain Charles C. McDonald and Rear Admiral William Sample, who headed COMCARDIV 22 on board Suwannee, took off in a Martin PBM Mariner to maintain their flight qualifications and never returned. They were declared dead on 4 October. They and the seven members of the flight crew were discovered in the wreckage of the aircraft on 19 November 1948, and their bodies were recovered.

During this time Suwannee was transferred from the US 9th Fleet to the 5th Fleet. They remained at Wakayama, until the morning of 4 October, and ran into  tropical storm Kate. They then spent a few days in the port of Kure, just south of Hiroshima, and then they returned near Wakayama, on 10 October, for "typhoon anchorage" as another storm, typhoon Louise, was approaching. They once again anchored in Wakayama, on 13 October, for about two days and then headed north to Tokyo, arriving on the evening of 18 October. About this time Suwannee received orders detaching them from the fleet and assigned them to Operation Magic Carpet.

The ship reached Saipan around 15:00, on 28 October, and stayed just long enough, 15 hours, to load stores and 400 troops. Then on to Guam, arriving at 17:00, on 29 October, to load approximately 35 planes, for a total complement of around 70 planes, then on to Pearl Harbor. For their November participation in Operation Magic Carpet they were part of a much larger contingency of ships. In the Pacific, all the 1,430,000 Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine personnel and the 1,360,000 Army people, on 1 November, except those in occupation units are scheduled to be returned by June. Engaged in the Pacific operations as of 10 November, were 489 ships having space for slightly under 700,000 passengers. Included were: 6 battleships, 7 large carriers, 4 Independence-class carriers, 45 escort carriers, 21 light cruisers, 164 troopships, 165 assault transports, 30 hospital transports, 7 converted Liberty ships and 40 miscellaneous craft.

After a stop in Hawaii, Suwannee was sent to Long Beach, and had a short dry-dock period. Then it was back to Operation Magic Carpet, on 4 December. This trip was to be a non-stop return to Okinawa, to pick up 1,500 troops on an overnight stop, and then return to Seattle. Because of bad weather they did not arrive in Okinawa until 21 December. In mid-January Suwannee unloaded many grateful troops in Los Angeles, and then headed north. After a few days off San Francisco, she headed for Pier 91, in Seattle, and then on to Bremerton. On 28 October, the carrier was placed in a reserve status with the 16th Fleet, at Boston, and just over two months later, on 8 January 1947, she was placed out of commission.

Suwannee remained in reserve at Boston, for the next 12 years. She was designated an "Escort Helicopter Aircraft Carrier", CVHE-27, on 12 June 1955, while in reserve. Her name was struck from the Navy List on 1 March 1959. Her hulk was sold to the Isbrantsen Steamship Company, of New York City, on 30 November 1959, for conversion to merchant service. The project was subsequently canceled and in May 1961, her hulk was resold to the J.C. Berkwit Company, also of New York City. She was finally scrapped in Bilbao, Spain, in June 1962.

Awards
Suwannee earned 13 battle stars during World War II.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links
 navsource.org: USS Suwannee
 hazegray.org: USS Suwannee
 Account of kamikaze attack by Lieutenant Walter B. Burwell
 U.S.S. Suwannee (CVE-27) Home Page

Type T3-S2-A tankers
Ships built in Kearny, New Jersey
1939 ships
Merchant ships of the United States
Cimarron-class oilers (1939)
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II tankers of the United States
Sangamon-class escort carriers
World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States

USS Suwannee (CVE-27)


, nascută  24 februarie 1987 în Tokyo, este o artistă, fotomodel și o actriță. Ea a jucat rolul lui Sailor Mercury în musicaluri Sailor Moon și a fost Naru Osaka în seria de live-action Sailor Moon.

Ea sa căsătorit cu Masato Ochi pe 8 august 2008. După 7 ani de căsătorie, cuplul au divorțat în 2015.  Ea lansat o carte de bucate numită Husband's lunch în 2010. Ei au o fiică.

Referințe

Nașteri în 1987
Actrițe japoneze
Gravure idol japoneze
Oameni în viață

Chieko Ochi


Amanții din Toledo (titlul original: în )  este un film dramatic de coproducție franco-italo-spaniolă, realizat în 1953 de regizorii Henri Decoin și Fernando Palacios, după romanul Le Coffre et le revenant a scriitorului Stendhal, protagoniști fiind actorii Alida Valli, Pedro Armendáriz și Françoise Arnoul.

Conținut

În 1825, la Toledo. Pentru a-și salva logodnicul, un oponent al regimului, frumoasa Inès acceptă să se căsătorească cu șeful poliției.

Distribuție

Referințe

Vezi și
 Listă de filme străine până în 1989

Legături externe

Filme din 1953
Filme regizate de Henri Decoin
Filme regizate de Fernando Palacios
Filme alb-negru
Filme în limba franceză
Filme dramatice

Amanții din Toledo


Typhlops veddae යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ටිෆ්ලොපිඩේ කුලයට අයත් සර්ප විශේෂයකි.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

veddae
1947දී විස්තර කළ උරගයෝ

Typhlops veddae


Speak Easily é um filme de comédia americano pré-Code de 1932, estrelado por Buster Keaton, Jimmy Durante e Thelma Todd, e dirigido por Edward Sedgwick. O estúdio também juntou Keaton e Durante como uma equipe de comédia durante este período em The Passionate Plumber  e What! No Beer? Mais tarde, Keaton usou muitas das piadas físicas que criou para este filme quando escreveu piadas (sem créditos) para A Night At The Opera dos Irmãos Marx.

O filme é de domínio público, pois os direitos autorais não foram renovados.

Enredo

O professor Post é um tímido professor de clássicos do Potts College, que viveu uma vida protegida e tem pouca experiência de vida fora da academia. Sentindo que o professor deveria ver mais do mundo real, seu assistente o faz pensar que herdou $ 750.000, permitindo que o professor deixe a academia e veja o mundo.

Embarcando em um trem com destino à Nova York, o Prof. Post encontra James, o gerente de uma trupe de dança. O professor se apaixona por uma das dançarinas, Pansy Peets, e acidentalmente pousa no Fish's Switch ao tentar aprender o nome dela. Ele assiste a uma apresentação da trupe de dança no teatro local e fica impressionado com a apresentação.

O professor decide financiar a trupe e os leva para se apresentar na Broadway, mas somente depois que James insiste que a atuação seja aprimorada para um padrão mais elevado. As sugestões de Post de usar a inspiração da Grécia Antiga são aceitas, com algumas pequenas alterações, e o show se transforma em uma grandiosa revista musical. Embora Post deseje que Pansy seja a protagonista, o show é rapidamente transformado em um veículo estrela para a atriz mimada Eleanor Espere, que tenta conquistar o professor para assumir o controle total sobre o show e o dinheiro, Pansy tenta alertar o professor sobre a má influência de Eleanor, com resultados mistos.

Na noite da estreia do programa, James descobre que o Prof. Post não tem realmente os $ 750.000 que acredita possuir e tenta mantê-lo longe da produção por medo de estragá-la. O professor tropeça no palco em vários pontos, divertindo o público que pensa fazer parte do ato e garantindo o sucesso do espetáculo. No entanto, suas travessuras fazem com que Eleanor tenha um acesso de raiva, e o Prof. Post finalmente consegue admitir seu amor por Pansy.

Elenco (na ordem dos créditos)

 Buster Keaton como Professor Post
 Jimmy Durante como James
 Ruth Selwyn como Pansy Peets
 Thelma Todd como Eleanor Espere
 Hedda Hopper como Sra. Peets
 William Pawley como Grifo
 Sidney Toler como Diretor de Palco
 Lawrence Grant como Dr Bolton
 Henry Armetta como Tony
 Edward Brophy como Reno

Ver também

 Filmografia de Buster Keaton

Ligações externas
 Speak Easily at the International Buster Keaton Society
 David Beckett review at MyReviewer
 Speak Easily review at Famous Clowns

Filmes da Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Filmes dirigidos por Edward Sedgwick
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes de comédia dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de comédia da década de 1930
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1932

Speak Easily


Isla Brigantine (en inglés: Brigantine Island y también conocida como Brigantine Beach Island) es una isla de 9,7 km en la costa del océano Atlántico en el estado de Nueva Jersey, situada al noreste de Atlantic City. La comunidad turística de Brigantine se encuentra en la isla.

La isla es accesible a través de la Ruta 87, que termina al final del puente de Brigantine, después de cruzar el canal de Absecon.

El Faro de Brigantine se encuentra en la isla de Brigantine. Fue construido en 1926 por una empresa llamada Development Real Estate Company para atraer a la gente a la isla Brigantine y no como un faro en funcionamiento normal.

Véase también
 Geografía de América del Norte
 Anexo:Islas de los Estados Unidos

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Información sobre la isla

Archipiélagos e islas de Nueva Jersey
Archipiélagos e islas del océano Atlántico de Estados Unidos

Isla Brigantine


الزوجة الثانية فيلم مصري درامي عرض عام 1967، ومن إخراج صلاح أبو سيف وبطولة سعاد حسني وشكري سرحان.

قصة الفيلم
يحكي عن رغبة عمدة إحدى القرى في الريف المصري في إنجاب ابن يورثه ويحمل اسمه، فيطمع في خادمته فيجبر عامله على تطليقها ويتزوجها جبرا، من خلال تهديده بتلفيق تهمه له، ولكنها تستخدم الحيلة في إبعاده عنها وتستمر علاقتها بزوجها، وينتهى الفيلم بإصابة العمدة بالشلل عند علمه بحملها ويموت، فتعيد الزوجة الحقوق لأصحابها.

طاقم التمثيل
 سعاد حسني: (فاطمة)
 شكري سرحان: (أبو العلا)
 صلاح منصور: (العمدة عتمان)
 سناء جميل: (حفيظة)
 عبد المنعم إبراهيم: (الغفير حسان)
 حسن البارودي: (العطار مبروك)
 سهير المرشدي: (فهيمة)
 محمد نوح: (علوان أخو العمدة)
 نعيمة الصغير: (نظيرة الداية)
 إبراهيم الشامي: (المأمور)
 إسكندر منسي: (المقدس متى)
 عبد الغني النجدي
 محمد إدريس
 نبوية سعيد
 حسام الدين صالح
 أحمد سامي
 رضوان حافظ
 عبد العظيم كامل
 نبيل الشاذلي
 فتحية علي
 سامي عطايا
 عزيزة بدر
 عاطف مكرم

فريق العمل
 إخراج: صلاح أبو سيف
 إنتاج: رمسيس نجيب
 توزيع: شركة القاهرة للتوزيع السينمائي
 قصة: أحمد رشدي صالح
 سيناريو: محمد مصطفى سامي، سعد الدين وهبة، صلاح أبو سيف
 حوار: محمد مصطفى سامي
 موسيقى تصويرية: فؤاد الظاهري
 مدير التصوير: عبد الحليم نصر
 مهندس الصوت: حسن التونى
 مونتاج: سعيد الشيخ
 مساعد المخرج''': أنور الشناوى
 تم التصوير والتحميض والطبع: أستوديوهات شركة القاهرة للإنتاج السينمائي (إستوديو نحاس)

مراجع

مصادر
 سيناريو فيلم الزوجة الثانية

وصلات خارجية

أفلام إبراهيم الشامي
أفلام درامية 1967
أفلام دراما مصرية
أفلام سعاد حسني
أفلام سناء جميل
أفلام شكري سرحان
أفلام مصرية بالأبيض والأسود
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1967
أفلام صلاح أبو سيف
أفلام عن زواج ثاني
أفلام نعيمة الصغير
أفلام سهير المرشدي
الخيانة الزوجية في الأفلام
أفلام حسن البارودي
أفلام عبد الغني النجدي

الزوجة الثانية (فيلم)


An Epidendrum medinae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Dodson. An Epidendrum medinae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epidendrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Epidendrum

Epidendrum medinae


Halictidae is the second-largest family of bees (clade Anthophila) with nearly 4,500 species. They are commonly called sweat bees (especially the smaller species), as they are often attracted to perspiration. Halictid species are an extremely diverse group that can vary greatly in appearance. These bees occur all over the world and are found on every continent except Antarctica. Usually dark-colored (frequently brown or black) and often metallic, halictids are found in various sizes, colors and patterns. Several species are all or partly green and a few are red, purple, or blue. A number of them have yellow markings, especially the males, which commonly have yellow faces, a pattern widespread among the various families of bees. The family is one of many with short tongues and is best distinguished by the arcuate (strongly curved) basal vein found on the wing. Females in this family tend to be larger than the males.

Ecology
Most halictids nest in the ground, often in habitats like clay soil and river banks, though a few nest in wood. They mass-provision their young; a mass of pollen and nectar is formed inside a waterproof cell, an egg laid upon it, and the cell sealed off, so the larva is given all of its food at one time, as opposed to "progressive provisioning", where a larva is fed repeatedly as it grows, as in honey bees. Some species line their tunnels with lactone secretions to help workers return to the nest. It is thought that each individual bee has its own unique chemical signature. All species (except for kleptoparasites) are pollen feeders and may be important pollinators.

Eusocial species
Many species in the subfamily Halictinae are eusocial at least in part, such as Lasioglossum malachurum, with fairly well-defined queen and worker castes (though not the same as the caste system in honey bees), and certain manifestations of their social behavior appear to be facultative in various lineages. The first group of offspring continues to build and protect the nest as well as gather food for a new brood of larvae. An impressive variety of social and nesting behaviors are exhibited by halictids including solitary, communal, semi-social and primitively eusocial. Different biotic and abiotic factors can even affect these behaviors such as floral resources, location, altitude, season, and climate.

Those species who do not have a permanent, rigid, division of labor, such as Lasioglossum zephyrus or Halictus rubicundus, are considered primitively eusocial. Another example of a primitive eusocial bee species from this family is Halictus ligatus, for which aggression is one of the most influential behavioral attitudes for establishing hierarchy and social organization within the colony. Primitively eusocial species such as these provide insight into the early evolution of eusociality. Halictus sexcinctus, which exhibits social, communal, and eusocial organization, provides insight into the evolutionary reversal of eusociality. Phylogenetic data from this species suggests that a communal strategy serves as a transitional step between eusociality and a reversion back to solitary nesting.

Kleptoparasitic species
Several genera and species of halictids are kleptoparasites of other bees (mostly other halictids or bees of similar size), and the behavior has evolved at least nine times independently within the family. The most well-known and common are species in the genus Sphecodes, which are somewhat wasp-like in appearance (often shining black with blood-red abdomen- German: Blutbienen - usually 4–9 mm in body length); the female Sphecodes enters the cell with the provision mass, eats the host egg, and lays an egg of her own in its place.

"Nocturnal" species

Halictidae is one of the four bee families that contain some crepuscular species; these halictids are active only at dusk or in the early evening, so are technically considered "vespertine" (e.g. in the subgenus Sphecodogastra of Lasioglossum), or sometimes truly nocturnal (e.g. in the genus Megalopta, or species Megalopta genalis). These bees, as is typical in such cases, have greatly enlarged ocelli. The other families with some crepuscular species are Andrenidae, Colletidae, and Apidae.

Species of economic importance
Some species are important in the pollination of crops. Among these are the alkali bee, Lasioglossum vierecki and Lasioglossum leucozonium.<ref name="An Assessment of Non-Apis Bees as Fruit and Vegetable Crop Pollinators in Southwest Virginia">{{cite thesis|last=Adamson|first=N. L.|year=2011|title=An assessment of non-Apis bees as fruit and vegetable crop pollinators in southwest Virginia|publisher=Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University|url=http://www.step-project.net/NPDOCS/Adamson_NL_D_2011.pdf|type=PhD}}</ref> While some halictid species are oligoleges (e.g., Rophites algirus, which only visits the flowers of hedgenettle plants.), most are generalists making them potentially valuable overall pollinators.

 Stinging
Only females have the ability to deliver a sting. Due to their non-aggressive nature, they are only likely to sting if disturbed; the sting is minor. The most common instances of stinging occur from swatting at or accidentally making contact with a halictid trying to get a lick of one's sweat, seeking the dissolved electrolytes.

Phylogeny
Halictidae belongs to the hymenopteran subclade Aculeata (stinging Hymenoptera), superfamily Apoidea (bees and wasps), series Anthophila (true bees). Fossils from this family are typically found in amber from the Baltic Region and the Dominican Republic and imply that Halictidae have existed since at least 96-75 million years ago. The oldest fossil record of Halictidae dates back to Early Eocene with a number of species, such as Neocorynura electra and Augochlora leptoloba known from amber deposits. Currently, the family is divided into four subfamilies, many genera, and more than 2000 known species. Rophitinae appears to be the sister group to the remaining three subfamilies (Nomiinae, Nomioidinae, Halictinae) based on both morphology and molecular data.

Classification

Subfamily Rophitinae:CeblurgusConanthalictusDufoureaGoeletapisMicralictoidesMorawitzellaMorawitziaPenapisProtodufoureaRophitesSphecodosomaSystrophaXeralictusSubfamily Nomiinae:DieunomiaHalictonomiaLipotrichesMellitidiaNomiaPseudapisPtilonomiaReepeniaSpatunomiaSphegocephalaSteganomusSubfamily Nomioidinae:CellariellaCeylalictusNomioidesSubfamily Halictinae:
Tribe HalictiniAgapostemonCaenohalictusDinagapostemonEchthralictusEupetersiaGlossodialictusHabralictusHalictusHomalictusLasioglossumMexalictusMicrosphecodesNesosphecodesParagapostemonPatellapisPseudagapostemonPtilocleptisRhinetulaRuizanthedaSphecodesThrincohalictusUrohalictusTribe ThrinchostominiParathrincostomaThrinchostomaTribe AugochloriniAndinaugochloraAriphanarthraAugochloraAugochlorellaAugochlorodesAugochloropsisCaenaugochloraChlerogasChlerogellaChlerogelloidesCorynuraHalictillusIschnomelissaMegaloptaMegaloptidiaMegaloptillaMegommationMicrommationNeocorynuraParoxystoglossaPseudaugochloraRhectomiaRhinocorynuraTemnosomaThectochloraXenochloraUnplaced fossil halictines:
†Eickwortapis†Nesagapostemon†Oligochlora''

References

External links

Family Halictidae Large format diagnostic photos, information.
Everything About the Sweat Bee - Description and photo of the sweat bee.
Image Gallery from Gembloux
 BugGuide – Search: Halictidae (North American species only).
 Online identification guides for eastern North American Halictidae
Halictidae  on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site

Bee families

Halictidae


George Michael (25 Haziran 1963 - 25 Aralık 2016), İngiliz şarkıcı ve söz yazarı. Asıl adı Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou'dur (Yunanca: Γεώργιος Κυριάκου Παναγιώτου).
Pop müzik tarihindeki en iyi ve en ünlü şarkıcılardan biri olarak gösterilir , özellikle seksenler ve doksanlarda yaptığı çalışmalarıyla büyük başarı yakalamıştır. Aynı zamanda eski Wham! grubunun iki üyesinden biridir.

Michael, sanat kariyeri boyunca sayısız rekor ve başarıya imza atmış, başta iki Grammy ve üç AMA olmakla birçok ödül almış, 100 milyonu aşkın satış başarısı elde etmiştir. Michael, 40 yıllık sanat kariyeri boyunca "Last Christmas", "Faith", "Freedom", "Jesus to a Child", "Father Figure", "Kissing a Fool" ve dünya çapında yedi milyon satan "Careless Whisper" gibi birçok önemli ve ünlü şarkıları yazmış, bestelemiş ve yorumlamıştır.

Toplamda beş stüdyo albümü çıkarmıştır. Bu albümlerinden ikisi "Ölmeden Önce Dinlenmesi Gereken 1001 Albüm" isimli kitapta yer almıştır. Michael'in tüm orijinal albüm çalışmaları İngiltere'de bir numaraya kadar yükselmiştir ve tüm şarkıları Top 40'ta yer almıştır. Sadece Cowboys & Angels bu başarıyı yakayalayamamıştır.. George Michael hem ABD hem de İngiltere tarihinde en çok bir numara şarkı hiti olmuş şarkıcılar arasındadır.

George Michael tarzı ve şarkılarıyla birçok sanatçıyı etkilemiştir. Bunlar arasında  Adele,Sam Smith,Justin Timberlake, Roxette, Rick Astley, Enrique Iglesias, Ricky Martin, Ronan Keating, Spice Girls, Mariah Carey ve Robbie Williams vardır. Madonna ve Michael Jackson ile birlikte MTV'nin kurulması ve video kliplerin 80'lerde gelişmesinde en büyük rolü olan üç şarkıcıdan biridir. Video kliplerindeki başarısı ona Video Vanguard ödülü kazandırmıştır. George Michael, bunun dışında siyasi görüşleri, yardım çalışmalarıyla da dikkat çekmiştir.

Hayatı
Londra'da East Finchley'de Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (Yunanca Γιώργος-Κυριάκος Παναγιώτου) adı ile Kıbrıs'lı restoran işletmecisi bir baba ve dansçı bir İngiliz bir annenin çocuğu olarak doğdu.  Gençken okulda sonradan Wham! grubunu kuracağı Andrew Ridgeley ile tanıştı.

1981'de Ridgeley ile Wham'i kurduktan sonra ilk albümleri Fantastic! ile büyük başarı elde ettiler. Çıkardıkları ''Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go'' ile özellikle ABD'de olmak üzere birçok ülkede büyük başarı yakaladılar ve bu tekli grubun dünya çapında tanınmasını sağladı.Şarkı ABD ve Birleşik Krallık'ta bir numara oldu. Daha sonra çıkardıkları ''Careless Whisper''  ve ''Everything She Wants'' isimli çalışmalar da birçok ülkede bir numaraya oturdu. Grup 1985'te Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nde verdikleri konser ile bir ilki başardı ve bu ülkede konser veren ilk batılı grup oldular. 1986 yılında grup dağıldı ve üyeleri solo çalışmalara yöneldiler.

1987 ilk solo çalışması, aynı zamanda en sevdiği müzisyenlerden olan Aretha Franklin ile düet yaptığı '' I Knew You Were Waiting''  isimli tekliyi çıkardı.Tekli çok başarılı oldu ve ABD ve Birleşik Krallık listelerinde bir numaraya oturdu. Bu çalışma sanatçıya bir Grammy ödülü kazandırdı.

Sanatçı solo artist olarak büyük çıkışını 1987 yılında çıkardığı ilk solo albüm çalışması olan Faith albümü ile yaptı.Genel olarak çok olumlu eleştiriler aldı ve birçok müzik otoritesi tarafından çok iyi olarak değerlendirildi. Albüm pop, funk ve soul tınılara sahip şarkılardan oluşmaktaydı ve Birleşik Krallık dışında ABD ' de de çok büyük başarı yakalayarak ve dünya çapında yirmi beş milyon kopya sattı. Albümden çıkan tüm tekliler ABD de ilk beşe girdi, dördü bir numaraya kadar yükseldi. Bu albüm ile yılın albümü dalında Grammy kazanmıştır.

1990 yılında çıkardığı, ikinci solo stüdyo albümü olan ''Listen without Prejudice Vol.1'' ise daha yetişkin bir kitleye hitap ediyordu. Sanatçı, Faith albümünden sonra yakaladığı başarının getirdiği ünden bunalmıştı ve pop yıldızı/ergen idolü olarak algılanmak istemiyordu bu sebeple albüme böyle bir isim vermeyi tercih etti. Yapım şirketi ise Faith albümü imajını devam ettirmesinden yanaydı, fakat sanatçı buna karşı çıktı. Dünya çapında sekiz milyon satan albüm, ABD'de Faith'in başarısını yakalayamadı ancak Birleşik Krallıkta Faith'den bile çok sattı. Albümden çıkan ilk tekli olan ''Praying for Time'' isimli şarkı ABD listelerinde bir numaraya oturdu.Şarkı genel olarak günümüz tüketim anlayışına ve sosyal adaletsizliğe bir yergi niteliğinde sözlere sahiptir.Sanatçı bu şarkıya müzik klibi çekmedi.

Bu albümden sonra yapacağı albüm kayıt şirketi Sony ile olan anlaşmazlıklar sonucu iptal oldu. Yapım şirketiyle olan kontratını ''profesyonel kölelik'' olarak gördüğü için Sony'ye karşı dava açtı, bu dava aracılığıyla sanatçı hakları konusuna dikkat çekti. Uzun bir hukuki mücadeleden sonra yapım şirketi olan Sony ile yollarını ayırdı.

1994 yılında ''Jesus To A Child'' isimli tekliyi çıkardı. Melankolik sözlere sahip şarkıyı iki sene beraber olduğu sevgilisinin ölümü üzerine yazmıştır.

1996 yılında ise üçüncü stüdyo albümü olan ''Older'' 'ı çıkardı. Albüme , önceden çıkardığı ''Jesus To A Child '' şarkısını da dahil etti. Albüm genel olarak melankolik sözlere ve melodilere sahip, soul ve pop tarzında şarkılardan oluşuyordu. Albüm özellikle Birleşik Krallık da başarılı satış rakamları elde ederek, dünya çapında sekiz milyon satmıştır.

1999 yılında dördüncü stüdyo albümü olan ''Songs From The Last Century'' çıktı.

Özel hayatı
Sanatçı verdiği röportajlarda mutlu bir çocukluk geçirmediğini, annesi ve babasını ekonomik sebeplerden hep çalışmak zorunda olduklarını ve kendisiyle pek ilgilenemediklerini söylemiştir. Hayatının belirli dönemlerinde depresyon ile mücadele etmiştir. Faith albümünden sonra gelen ilgi ve üzerine yapışan pop idolü imajı, kendine ve yakınlarına vakit ayıramaması sonucu depresyon geçirmiştir. Wham! grubunun dağılması sonrası girdiği bunalımın sebebi olarak cinsel yönelimini fark etmesi olması olarak belirtmiştir.

Doksanlı yıllarda yapım şirketiyle yaşadığı sorunlar sonucu bir albümü iptal olmuş uzun ve yıpratıcı bir hukuki mücadele sürecine girmiştir. Michael, Prince ile sanatçı hakları konusunda yapım şirketlerine karşı mücadele veren başlıca sanatçılardandır.

İki sene beraber olduğu sevgilisini HIV sebebiyle kaybetmesi, kısa süre sonra annesinin kanserden ölümü sanatçıyı derinden etkilemiştir. Sevgilisinin ölümüne hitaben ''Jesus to a Child'' şarkısını yazmıştır.

Hayatı boyunca depresyonla olduğu kadar uyuşturucu ve alkol bağımlılığı ile de sorun yaşamıştır. Alkollü araba kullanmaktan ve halka açık yerlerde uygunsuz davranışlarda bulunmaktan dolayı ceza almıştır.

Tarzı
Wham! grubunun ilk yıllarında asi bir imaja sahipken ilerleyen yıllarda bunun yerini fosforlu renklerde 80'li yılların modasına uygun kıyafetler giymeye başlamışlardır. Grup dağıldıktan sonra çıkardığı Faith albümünün kapağında ise deri ceket ile poz vermiştir. Wham! dönemi 80'ler kıyafetlerinin yerini daha asi ve rock yıldızı görünümü çizen kot pantolon,deri ceketler ve tişörtlere bırakmıştır. Bu albümün başarısından sonra bu pop imajından rahatsız olmuş ve sonraki albümü için çok daha sade ve iddasız bir imaj yaratmıştır.

Albümlerinin çoğu pop, funk ve soul öğeler barındıran şarkılardan oluşur. Özellikle Faith albümündeki Father Figure, One More Try gibi şarkılarda soul ve gospel tınılar daha baskındır, fakat daha sonra çıkardığı albümlerin tarzı pop müziğe daha çok yaklaşmıştır.

Etkilendiği sanatçılar arasında David Bowie, Freddie Mercury,Elton John, Queen,Aretha Franklin yer alır. Tarzı ve müziği ile kendi dönemi ve kendisinden sonra gelen birçok müzisyene ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Etkilediği müzisyenler arasında Mariah Carey, Sam Smith, Adele, Mark Ronson, Justin Timberlake,Robbie Williams, Frank Ocean gibi müzisyenler yer alır.

Ölümü
25 Aralık 2016 'da Oxfordshire'daki evinde 53 yaşında hayatını kaybetti. Ünlü şarkıcının ölüm nedeni hakkında polisten yapılan açıklamada, "şüpheli bir durum" olmadığı belirtilmiştir. Menajeri, ölüm sebebini kalp yetmezliği olarak açıkladı.

Ölümü dünyada geniş yankı uyandırdı, hayranları Oxfordshire 'daki evinin önüne çiçekler bıraktılar. Elton John, Mariah Carey, Sam Smith,Madonna başta olmak üzere birçok ünlü sosyal medya aracılığıyla üzüntülerini ifade etti.

Ölümünü izleyen 59.Grammy Müzik Ödüllerinde sanatçı Adele onun anısına "Fast Love"  isimli şarkısını seslendirmiştir.
Cenazesi annesinin yanında Highgate Mezarlığı'na defnedilmiştir.

Diskografi

Albümler

 1987: Faith
 1990: Listen Without Prejudice
 1993: Five Live (Queen ve Lisa Stansfield ile)
 1996: Older
 1998: Ladies and Gentlemen – The best of George Michael
 1999: Songs From The Last Century
 2004: Patience
 2006: Twenty Five

Single'lar

 1984: Careless Whisper
 1985: A Different Corner
 1987: I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) (Aretha Franklin ile)
 1987: I Want Your Sex
 1987: Faith
 1988: Father Figure
 1988: One More Try
 1988: Monkey
 1988: Kissing A Fool
 1990: Praying For Time
 1990: Waiting For That Day (İngiltere)
 1990: Mother's Pride (A. B. D.)
 1990: Freedom '90
 1991: Heal The Pain
 1991: Cowboys & Angels
 1991: Don't Let The Sun Go Down On Me (Elton John ile)
 1992: Too Funky
 1996: Jesus To A Child
 1996: Fastlove
 1996: Spinning The Wheel
 1997: Older
 1997: Waltz away dreaming (Toby Bourke ile)
 1997: Star People 97
 1997: Star People (A. B. D.)
 1997: You Have Been Loved/The Strangest Thing 97
 1998: Outside
 1999: As (Mary J. Blige ile)
 2000: If I Told You That (Whitney Houston ile)
 2002: Freeek!
 2002: Shoot The Dog
 2004: Amazing
 2004: Flawless (Go To The City)
 2004: Round Here (U.K.)
 2005: John And Elvis Are Dead
 2006: An Easier Affair

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 GeorgeMichael.com

1963 doğumlular
Londra doğumlu erkek şarkıcılar
2016 yılında ölenler
20. yüzyılda İngiliz şarkıcılar
21. yüzyıl İngiliz şarkıcıları
İngiliz dans müzisyenleri
İngiliz çok enstrüman çalanlar
İngiliz pop şarkıcıları
İngiliz şarkıcı-şarkı yazarları
İngiliz soul şarkıcıları
İngiliz tenorlar
İngiliz müzik yapımcıları
İngiliz LGBT müzisyenler
İngiliz ateistler
Kıbrıs Rumu asıllı İngilizler
MTV Video Müzik Ödülü sahipleri
BRIT Ödülü sahipleri
Ivor Novello Ödülü sahipleri
Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
Epic Records sanatçıları
Virgin Records sanatçıları
Wham! üyeleri
Gey şarkıcılar
Oxfordshire'da ölenler
Highgate Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Britanyalı LGBT şarkıcılar
Yılın Albümü Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
Londra doğumlu şarkıcılar
Polydor Records sanatçıları
Londra doğumlu müzisyenler
MTV Avrupa Müzik Ödülü sahipleri
İngiliz hayırseverler
İngiliz erkek şarkıcı-şarkı yazarları
DreamWorks Records sanatçıları
Columbia Records sanatçıları
21. yüzyılda İngiliz erkek şarkıcılar
20. yüzyılda İngiliz erkek şarkıcılar
MTV Video Müzik Ödülleri En İyi Yönetmenlik sahipleri
Favori Erkek Pop/Rock Sanatçısı Amerikan Müzik Ödülü sahipleri
Amerikan Müzik Ödülü sahipleri
Favori Erkek Soul/R&B Erkek Sanatçısı Amerikan Müzik Ödülü sahipleri

George Michael


Sakir-Har (également transcrit Seker-Har ou Skr-Hr) est un roi hyksôs de la , attesté par un inscription découverte dans les années 1990.

Historique et conjectures
Sakir-Har règne sur une partie de la Basse-Égypte au cours de la Deuxième Période intermédiaire, peut-être au début du  avant notre ère.

Son nom Sakir-Har est seulement attesté par une inscription figurant sur un montant de porte trouvé lors des fouilles archéologiques de Tell el-Dab'a - anciennement Avaris - par Manfred Bietak dans les années 1990. Ce chambranle est actuellement au Caire sous le numéro de catalogue Cairo TD-8316, il porte le titre royal partiel de Sakir-Har à la manière de l'Égypte ancienne, montrant son nom de Nesout-bity et son nom d'Horus d'or, ainsi que son nom de Nesout-bity. Le montant de la porte indique :

Cette inscription sur le chambranle montre que Sakir-Har est l'un des rois hyksôs de la . Son successeur immédiat est peut-être le puissant dirigeant hyksôs, Khyan, s'il était le troisième roi hyksôs de cette dynastie, bien que la place précise de Sakir-Har au sein de cette dynastie ne soit pas encore établie avec certitude. Le nom Sakir-Har peut se traduire par « Récompense de Har », ou bien peut dériver de l'Amorite Sikru-Haddu signifiant « La mémoire de Hadad », auquel cas Sakir-Har peut avoir régné après Khyan et Yanassi et immédiatement avant .

Le fait que Sakir-Har porte un titre égyptien ainsi que le titre de heka-khaouaset (Hyksôs) suggère que la dynastie à laquelle Sakir-Har appartient a peut-être délibérément pris ce titre pour elle-même, ce qui a déjà été proposé par des savants comme Donald Redford. Bietak partage cette opinion, il écrit que . La recherche a ensuite réfuté l'idée que les Égyptiens sont à l'origine de ce terme, et elle prouve en outre que le titre de heka-khaouaset, « Souverain des terres étrangères », a été inventé par les dirigeants hyksôs peut-être pour souligner leurs origines étrangères ou plus précisément leur affiliation amorrite.

Titulature

Notes et références

Bibliographie

 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Liens externes

 L'inscription Sakir-Har sur le chambranle (diapositive 12)

Index égyptologique
Pharaon de la XVe dynastie égyptienne

Sakir-Har


Count Peder Griffenfeld (before ennoblement Peder Schumacher) (24 August 1635 – 12 March 1699) was a Danish statesman and royal favourite. He became the principal adviser to King Christian V of Denmark from 1670 and the de facto ruler of the dual kingdom of Denmark-Norway in the first half of the 1670s. In 1673 he was appointed as Chancellor of Denmark, elevated to count, the highest aristocratic rank in Denmark-Norway, and received the Order of the Elephant, the country's highest order. At the behest of his enemies at court, Griffenfeld was arrested in early 1676 and convicted of treason, a charge that historians agree was false. He was imprisoned for 22 years, mainly at Munkholmen in Norway.

Early years

Born at Copenhagen into a wealthy trading family connected with the leading civic, clerical and learned circles in the Danish capital, he was prepared for university (at the age of ten) by
Jens Vorde.  Vorde praises his extraordinary gifts, his mastery of the classical languages and his unnerving diligence. The brilliance he showed in his preliminary examination won him the friendship of the examiner, Bishop Jesper Brochmand, at whose palace he first met King Frederick III of Denmark. The king was struck with Schumacher; and Brokman, proud of his pupil, made him translate a chapter from a Hebrew Bible first into Latin and then into Danish, for the entertainment of the scholarly monarch.

In 1654 young Schumacher went abroad for eight years, to complete his education. From Germany he proceeded to the Netherlands, staying at Leiden, Utrecht and Amsterdam, and passing in 1657 to Queen's College, Oxford, where he spent three years. The epoch-making events that occurred in England while he was at Oxford profoundly interested him. Coinciding with the Revolution in Denmark, which threw open a career to the middle classes, it convinced him that his future was in politics. In the autumn of 1660 Schumacher visited Paris, shortly after Mazarin's death, when the young Louis XIV of France first seized the reins of power. Schumacher seems to have been profoundly impressed by the administrative superiority of a strong centralised monarchy in the hands of an energetic monarch who knew his own mind; and, in politics, as in manners, France ever afterwards was his model. The last year of his travels was spent in Spain, where he obtained a thorough knowledge of the Castilian language and literature. He is said to have brought home easy morals as well as exquisite manners.

Career
[[File:Delineatio des Greiffeldischen Schaupfennings.jpg|thumb|Delineatio des Greiffeldischen Schaupfennings.,,]]
On his return to Copenhagen, in 1662, Schumacher found the monarchy established on the ruins of the aristocracy, and eager to buy the services of every man of the middle classes who had superior talents to offer. The young adventurer contrived to secure the protection of Kristoffer Gabel, the king's confidant, and in 1663 was appointed the royal librarian. A romantic friendship with the king's natural son, Count Ulric Frederick Gyldenløve, consolidated his position. In 1665 Schumacher obtained his first political post as the king's secretary, and the same year composed the memorable King's Law (Lex Regia). He was now a personage at court, where he won many over by his amiability and gaiety; and in political matters also his influence was beginning to be felt. During these years, he had a notorious love affair with Mette Trolle

On the death of Frederick III (9 February 1670) Schumacher was the most trusted of all the royal counsellors. He alone was aware of the existence of the new throne of walrus ivory embellished with three silver life-size lions, and of the new regalia, both of which treasures he had, by the king's command, concealed in a vault beneath the royal castle. Frederick III had also confided to him a sealed packet containing the King's Law, which was to be delivered to his successor alone. Schumacher had been recommended to his son by Frederick III on his death-bed. "Make him a great man, but do it slowly," said Frederick, who thoroughly understood the characters of his son and of his minister. Christian V was, moreover, deeply impressed by the confidence which his father had ever shown to Schumacher. When, on 9 February 1670, Schumacher delivered the King's Law to Christian V, the king bade all those about him withdraw, and after being closeted a good hour with Schumacher appointed him his Obergeheimesekreter.

His promotion was rapid. In May 1670 he received the titles of excellency and privy councillor; in July of the same year he was ennobled under the name of Griffenfeld, deriving his title from the gold griffin with outspread wings which surmounted his escutcheon; in November 1673 the title of count was bestowed upon him and he also became a knight of the Order of the Elephant and, finally, imperial chancellor. In the course of the next few months he gathered into his hands every branch of the government: he had reached the apogée of his short-lived greatness.

He had captivated the accomplished Frederick III by his literary graces and ingenious speculations; he won over fun-loving Christian V by saving him trouble and by acting and thinking for him, and whilst making him believe that he was thinking and acting for himself. Moreover, his commanding qualities were coupled with an organizing talent which made itself felt in every department of the state, and with a marvellous adaptability which made him a great diplomat.

On 25 May 1671 the dignities of count and baron were introduced into Denmark-Norway; a few months later the Order of the Dannebrog was instituted as a fresh means of winning adherents by marks of favour.
Griffenfeld was the originator of these new institutions. To him monarchy was the ideal form of government. But he had also a political object. The aristocracy of birth, despite its reverses, still remained the elite of society; and Griffenfeld, the son of a burgess, was its most determined enemy.  The new baronies and countships, owing their existence entirely to the crown, introduced a strong solvent into aristocratic circles. Griffenfeld saw that, in future, the first at court would be the first everywhere. Much was also done to promote trade and industry, notably by the revival of the Kammer Kollegium, or board of trade, and the abolition of some of the most harmful monopolies. Both the higher and the provincial administrations were thoroughly reformed with the view of

making them more centralized and efficient; and the positions and duties of the various magistrates, who now also received fixed salaries, were for the first time exactly defined. But what Griffenfeld could create, Griffenfeld could dispense with, and it was not long before he began to encroach upon the jurisdiction of the new departments of state by private conferences with their chiefs. Nevertheless, it is indisputable that, under the single direction of this mastermind, the Danish state was now able, for a time, to utilize all its resources as it had never done before.

In the last three years of his administration, Griffenfeld gave himself entirely to the conduct of the foreign policy of Denmark-Norway. It is difficult to form a clear idea of this, first, because his influence was perpetually traversed by opposite tendencies; in the second place, because the force of circumstances compelled him, again and again, to shift his standpoint; and finally because personal considerations largely intermingled with his foreign policy, and made it more elusive and ambiguous than it need have been. Briefly, Griffenfeld aimed at restoring Denmark to the rank of a great power. He proposed to accomplish this by carefully nursing its resources, and in the meantime securing and enriching the country through alliances, which would bring in large subsidies while imposing a minimum of obligations. Such a conditional and tentative policy, in a period of universal tension and turmoil, was most difficult; but Griffenfeld did not regard it as impossible.

The first demand of such a policy was peace, especially peace with Denmark-Norway's most dangerous neighbour, Sweden. The second postulate was a sound financial basis, which he expected the wealth of France to supply in the shape of subsidies to be spent on armaments. Above all things Denmark-Norway was to beware of making enemies of France and Sweden at the same time. An alliance, on fairly equal terms, between the three powers, would, in these circumstances, be the consummation of Griffenfeld's system; an alliance with France to the exclusion of Sweden would be the next best policy; but an alliance between France and Sweden, without the admission of Denmark, was to be avoided at all hazards. Had Griffenfeld's policy succeeded, Denmark might have recovered her ancient possessions to the south and east comparatively cheaply. But again and again he was overruled. Despite his open protests and subterraneous counter-mining, war was actually declared against Sweden in 1675, and his subsequent policy seemed so obscure and hazardous to those who did not possess the clue to the perhaps purposely tangled skein, that the numerous enemies whom his arrogance and superciliousness had raised up against him, resolved to destroy him.

Trial

On 11 March 1676, while on his way to the royal apartments, Griffenfeld was arrested in the king's name and taken to the citadel, a prisoner of state. A minute scrutiny of his papers, lasting nearly six weeks, revealed nothing treasonable; but it provided the enemies of the fallen statesman with a deadly weapon against him in the shape of an entry in his private diary, in which he had imprudently noted that on one occasion Christian V in a conversation with a foreign ambassador had spoken like a child. On 3 May, Griffenfeld was tried not by the customary tribunal, in such cases the Højesteret, or supreme court, but by an extraordinary tribunal of 10 dignitaries, none of whom was particularly well disposed towards the accused. Griffenfeld, who was charged with simony, bribery, oath-breaking, malversation and lèse-majesté, conducted his own defence under every imaginable difficulty.

For forty-six days before his trial he had been closely confined in a dungeon, without lights, books or writing materials. Every legal assistance was illegally denied him. Nevertheless, he proved more than a match for the prosecution. Finally, he was condemned to degradation and decapitation; though one of the ten judges not only refused to sign the sentence, but remonstrated in private with the king against its injustice.  The primary offence of the ex-chancellor was the taking of bribes, which no twisting of the law could convert into a capital offence, while the charge of treason had not been substantiated.

Griffenfeld was pardoned on the scaffold, at the very moment when the axe was about to descend. On hearing that the sentence was commuted to lifelong imprisonment, he declared that the pardon was harder than the punishment, and vainly petitioned for leave to serve his king for the rest of his life as a common soldier. For the next twenty-two years Denmark-Norways's greatest statesman was a lonely prisoner, first in the fortress of Copenhagen, in Denmark and finally at Munkholmen in Trondheim Fjord, in Norway, where he died. Griffenfeld had married Kitty Nansen, the granddaughter of the great Burgomaster Hans Nansen, who brought him half a million rixdollars. She died in 1672, after bearing him a daughter. Griffenfeld and his wife are both buried at Vær Kirke  in Århus Diocese

Griffenfeldsgade, a street in Nørrebro, Copenhagen, as well as Griffenfeld Island in Southeast Greenland, were named after him.

References

 This work cites:Danmarks Riges Histoire, vol. v. (Copenhagen, 1897–1905)
A.D. Jørgensen, Peter Schumacher Griffenfeld (Copenhagen, 1893–1894)
O. Vaupell, Rigskansler Grev Griffenfeld (Copenhagen, 1880–1882)
Bain, Scandinavia, cap. x. (Cambridge, 1905)
Johannes Jensen, 'Peder Schumacher – Graf von Griffenfeld,' in Sankt Petri Kopenhagen 1575–2000. 425 Jahre Geschichte deutsch-dänischer Begegnung in Biographien'', ed. Jürgen Beyer & Johannes Jensen (Copenhagen, 2000), 13–21

1635 births
1699 deaths
Court of Christian V of Denmark
Counts of Denmark
Danish royal favourites
Politicians from Copenhagen
Nobility from Copenhagen
17th-century Danish politicians
Danish people of German descent

Peder Griffenfeld


Eylül, Jülyen ve Gregoryen Takvimi'ne göre yılın 9. ayı olup 30 gün çeker.

Etimoloji ve diğer isimler
Türkçe'de yer alan Eylül isminin kökeni Arapçadır. Arapça eylûl (أيلول), Süryanice Arami/Süryani takviminin altıncı ayına atıfta bulunan ˀelūl (אלול) kelimesinden alıntıdır. Bu isim ise köken açısından Akadca hasat festivali ve bu festivalin yapıldığı ayı tanımlayan elūlu/elūnu kelimesinden türemiştir.

Hristiyanlar bu aya "istavroz ayı", "haç ayı" ya da Karadeniz'de değiştirilerek "istavrit ayı" olarak telaffuz ederler. Avram Galanti Bodrumlu yaptığı araştırmalar ile Türklük İncelemeleri kitabında Akadlıların altıncı ayı olduğunu ve "sevinçten haykırmak" anlamına geldiğini savunmuştur. Eylül adının İngilizce karşılığı olan "September", Latince "7" anlamına gelen "septem" den gelir. Eylül, M.Ö. 153'e kadar, eski Roma takviminde 7. ay idi. Roma imparatoru Septimius Severus ile aynı anlama gelir.
İbrani takvimine göre resmî yılın on ikinci ayı ve dini yılın ise altıncı ayıdır. Elul olarak geçen Eylül ayı, bir yılın sonunda  kendinle hesaplaşma, hatalardan dolayı pişman olma ve özür ayı olarak biliniyor.

Kaynakça

Eylül


Meloidogyne enterolobii er tegund af þráðormum af ættinni Heteroderidae.

Tilvísanir

Tenglar
 Meloidogyne mayaguenesis pest information

Sníkjudýr
Þráðormar

Meloidogyne enterolobii


An Malaxis crassilabris in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Johannes Jacobus Smith, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni S.Thomas, Schuit. och De Vogel. An Malaxis crassilabris in nahilalakip ha genus nga Malaxis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Malaxis

Malaxis crassilabris


Die Grupo Rákosi (Spanisch Rakosi) war eine ungarische Milizeinheit. Sie wurde zum Namensgeber eines Bataillons der Internationalen Brigaden im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg.

Internationale Brigaden
Ungarische Militärgeschichte
Polnische Militärgeschichte

Rákosi-Bataillon/Chronologie


Cissus apendiculata é uma espécie do gênero Cissus.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 1996 por Julio Antonio Lombardi.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie terrícola e trepadeira.

Descrição

Distribuição
A espécie é encontrada nos estados brasileiros de Maranhão, Pará e Tocantins. Em termos ecológicos, é encontrada nos  domínios fitogeográficos de Floresta Amazônica e Cerrado, em regiões com vegetação de campos rupestres, cerrado e floresta estacional semidecidual.

Notas
Contém texto em CC-BY-SA 4.0 de Picanço, W.L.; Lombardi, J.A. Vitaceae em Flora e Funga do Brasil.

Ligações externas
 Cissus apendiculata no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Cissus
Espécies descritas em 1996
Plantas
Flora do Brasil

Cissus apendiculata


Kravetrappe (Chlamydotis undulata) er en fugleart, der lever i det nordlige Afrika.

Eksterne henvisninger
  Netfugl.dk
 Avibase - the world bird database

Fugle fra Nordafrika
Trappefugle

Kravetrappe


Kimberly Alkemade, née le  à Zoetermeer (Hollande-Méridionale), est une athlète handisport néerlandaise concourant en T64 pour les athlètes ayant un handicap au niveau des membres inférieurs.

Biographie
À l'âge de , elle est victime d'un accident de la circulation dans lequel sa mère meurt. Elle s'en sort avec un fémur cassé et une fracture du crâne, ce qui entraîne l'amputation de sa jambe gauche.

Palmarès

Jeux paralympiques

 Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020 à Tokyo :
   T64

Championnats du monde

 Championnats du monde d'athlétisme handisport 2019 à Dubaï :
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   T64

Références

Athlète handisport néerlandaise
Sprinteuse néerlandaise
Coureuse de 100 mètres
Coureuse de 200 mètres
Médaillée de bronze paralympique néerlandaise
Athlète (femme) aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020
Naissance en mars 1990
Naissance à Zoetermeer

Kimberly Alkemade


«Marcelino, pan y vino» es un título que puede referirse a las siguientes obras:

 Marcelino, pan y vino, novela publicada en 1953 por el escritor español José María Sánchez Silva;
 Marcelino, pan y vino, película hispano-italiana dirigida por Ladislao Vajda en 1955 basada en la novela anterior;
 Marcelino, Pão e Vinho serie de televisión brasileña de Luiz Gallon y Silas Roberg emitida en 1958;
 Marcelino pan y vino, película para la televisión filipina dirigida por Mario O'Hara en 1979;
Marcelino pan y vino, película hispano-italo-francesa dirigida en 1991 por Luigi Comencini;
Marcelino, pan y vino, serie de televisión animada española de Santiago Moro y Xavier Picard estrenada en 2001;
Marcelino pan y vino, película mexicana dirigida por José Luis Gutiérrez en 2010.
Marcelino pan y vino, serie anime del año 2000, estudio de animación Nippon Animation

Marcelino, pan y vino (desambiguación)


Rauðkani (fræðiheiti: Pelecanus rufescens), einnig kallaður hinn rauði pelíkani, er tegund pelíkana.

Heimildaskrá

Pelíkanar

Rauðkani