Tanya Joan Plibersek (born 2 December 1969) is an Australian politician who served as Deputy Leader of the Labor Party and Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 2013 to 2019. She has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sydney since 1998. A member of the Labor Party, Plibersek served as a Cabinet Minister in the Rudd, Gillard and Albanese governments. She is currently the Minister for the Environment and Water in the Albanese ministry since 2022, having previously served as the Shadow Minister for Education and Shadow Minister for Women between 2019 and 2022.

Plibersek was born in Sydney to Slovenian immigrant parents and grew up in Sutherland Shire. She has degrees from the University of Technology Sydney and Macquarie University, and worked in the NSW Government's Domestic Violence Unit before entering parliament. Plibersek was elected to the Division of Sydney at the 1998 federal election, aged 28. She joined the Shadow Cabinet in 2004, and when Labor won the 2007 election was made Minister for Housing and Minister for the Status of Women.

In a cabinet reshuffle in 2010, Plibersek was made Minister for Human Services and Minister for Social Inclusion. She was promoted to Minister for Health the following year, and held that position until Labor's defeat at the 2013 election. Plibersek was elected Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party in the election's aftermath.

Early life

Plibersek was born in Sydney, the youngest of three children born to Joseph and Rose Plibersek. Her elder brother Ray is a lawyer, and her eldest brother Phillip (d. 1997) was a geologist. Her parents were born in small Slovenian villages, arriving in Australia unknown to each other as part of the post-war immigration scheme. Her mother (née Rosalija Repič) was born in Podvinci, and came to Australia via Italy. Her father (né Jože Pliberšek) was born in Kočno pri Polskavi, and came to Australia via Austria. He found work as a labourer on the Snowy Mountains Scheme, and later spent 20 years working for Qantas as a plumber and gas fitter.

Plibersek grew up in the suburb of Oyster Bay in Sydney's Sutherland Shire. She attended Oyster Bay Public School and Jannali Girls High School, where she was the dux. She joined the Labor Party at the age of 15. Plibersek studied journalism at the University of Technology Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Communications. She then took a Masters in Public Policy and Politics at Macquarie University. After a failed attempt to secure a cadetship with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), she found work with the Domestic Violence Unit at the New South Wales Government's Office for the Status and Advancement of Women. She found working with the state women's minister Kerry Chikarovski "demoralising" and later criticised her for focusing on the glass ceiling rather than other women's issues. Plibersek subsequently joined the office of Senator Bruce Childs, before switching to work for Senator George Campbell as a research officer.

Politics

Opposition (1998–2007)
Plibersek was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1998 federal election, aged 28, retaining the Division of Sydney for the ALP following the retirement of Peter Baldwin. With the support of George Campbell's "hard left" faction, she won preselection for the seat against twelve other candidates, including ten other women. In the lead-up to the ballot she "wrote to each branch member three or four times, attended branch meetings virtually every night, gave talks to community groups, and contributed to three candidates' debates".

Plibersek supported Kim Beazley's unsuccessful candidacies in the 2003 ALP leadership votes, where he initially lost to Simon Crean and then later to Mark Latham. In July 2003 she and Anthony Albanese publicly criticised Crean for his rejection of the party's policy on a Second Sydney Airport.

After the 2004 election, Plibersek was elected to Latham's shadow ministry and allocated three portfolios – youth; the status of women; and work and family, community and early childhood education. In June 2005, after Latham was succeeded as opposition leader by Beazley, she retained the youth and status of women portfolios and was given responsibility for childcare. Upon the release of The Latham Diaries she described him as "a negative and critical person".

Plibersek publicly supported Beazley against Kevin Rudd in the 2006 leadership spill, though was retained in Rudd's shadow ministry after his defeat of Beazley, with the portfolios of youth; the status of women; and human services and housing.

Rudd and Gillard governments

Following the 2007 federal election, Plibersek was appointed Minister for Housing and Minister for the Status of Women in the First Rudd Ministry. Following the 2010 federal election, Plibersek was appointed Minister for Human Services and Minister for Social Inclusion. Her appointment took effect following the birth of Plibersek's youngest son Louis, and soon afterwards Plibersek directed the Human Services response to the 2010–11 Queensland floods. As Minister for Human Services, Plibersek established emergency and recovery centres to provide urgent support to flood-affected communities.

Housing

As Minister for Housing, Plibersek established the National Rental Affordability Scheme to build 50,000 affordable rental homes, invested $6 billion in social housing to build 21,600 new homes and repair 80,000 homes, and provided $550 million for homelessness services. The new housing was built ahead of time and under budget. She also established the Housing Affordability Fund and First Home Saver Accounts. In December 2008, along with Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister at that time, Plibersek released the Government's White Paper on Homelessness, The Road Home, which expressed a goal of halving homelessness by 2020. This goal was abandoned by the incoming Abbott government which cut homelessness funding and ended the National Rental Affordability Scheme and First Home Saver Accounts.

Women's issues
As Minister for the Status of Women, Plibersek convened the National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children in May 2008, and released the National Council's Plan for Australia to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children in March 2009. Plibersek also addressed the 2009 United Nations International Women's Day event, attended by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, and announced Australia's formal accession to the United Nations Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Plibersek said that acceding to the Optional Protocol "will send a strong message that Australia is serious about promoting gender equality and that we are prepared to be judged by international human rights standards."

Health

As Minister for Health Plibersek established Grow Up Smiling, a $4 billion package to support better dental care for children, which expanded Medicare-subsided dental check-ups for children from age 2 to 17. She introduced free Gardasil vaccinations, previously only available for girls, for boys to protect against cancers caused by HPV – a world first. Along with the previous Health Minister, Nicola Roxon, Plibersek also implemented world-leading plain packaging of tobacco laws which saw smoking rates drop to 13%.

When Plibersek was Minister for Health, Australia achieved the best 5-year cancer survival rates in the world. Plibersek also delivered 1,300 more hospital beds and 60,000 additional doctors, nurses and allied health professionals. She also oversaw the funding, construction and/or opening of a number of new facilities, including the Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, the Launceston Multi-Purpose Health Centre, and a new medical and dental school as well as new facilities for the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) in Adelaide.

Opposition (2013–2022)

Plibersek was unanimously elected deputy leader of the Labor Party (and thus Deputy Leader of the Opposition) on 14 October 2013, following the leadership election that had seen Bill Shorten succeed Kevin Rudd as leader. She was Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development until July 2016. Following the 2016 election, she was made Shadow Minister for Education and Shadow Minister for Women. Shorten said handing Ms Plibersek the education portfolio was "about putting a great policy thinker on the political frontline".

Plibersek was re-elected at the 2019 election with a swing of 5.7 points to the Labor Party. Following the party's defeat at the federal election of 2019 and Bill Shorten's immediate resignation as party leader, Plibersek made it known that she was interested in standing in the leadership election, and was supported by Shorten and former prime minister Julia Gillard; however, she concluded that "now is not my time", citing family responsibilities.

After Anthony Albanese's victory in the leadership contest, Plibersek was appointed Shadow Minister for Education and Training in his new shadow cabinet. In January 2021 Albanese also appointed her Shadow Minister for Women.

Government (2022–present)
Plibersek has been named Minister for the Environment and Water in the Albanese Labor government.

Upon Peter Dutton's election as Leader of the Opposition, Plibersek compared Dutton to Lord Voldemort. In a radio interview, she stated:

Plibersek later apologised. In a radio interview, Dutton called the claims "unfortunate" but "water off a duck's back", also noting that he wasn't "bald by choice" and was diagnosed with a skin condition several years ago. Plibersek's apology was welcomed by newly-elected Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in an interview with ABC News.

Political positions

Plibersek is a member of the Labor Party's left faction.

Economy and employment
Plibersek has argued that government should actively invest in the economy to promote growth and equality, calling for a federal commitment to a policy of full employment where "Australians who can work, can get a job". During the coronavirus recession of 2020, she has advocated government stimulus over tax cuts for high income earners. In September 2020, she explained her priorities for economic recovery: "We need to be building things in Australia to support both the skilled trades people and the apprentices that we should be training right now. We need to build things. We need to make things. We need to care for people. We need secure jobs with decent pay".

Education

Plibersek is a long-term supporter of investing in education. As the shadow Minister for Education and Training she has developed policies across schools, universities, TAFE and vocational education. Prior to the 2019 election, these policies included increasing school funding by $14 billion over a decade, to the creation of a new Evidence Institute for Schools and instituting a review of the country's NAPLAN testing system. In higher education Plibersek promised to reintroduce the demand driven system of university funding, creating an extra 200,000 places for students.

Energy

Plibersek is a strong supporter of renewable energy and transitioning towards clean energy production. She has argued that the renewables industry is key to promoting new jobs, assisting local manufacturing, lowering carbon emissions and reducing power prices. She has also endorsed programs to help households install solar panels on their homes – which have been adopted by over two and a half million Australia households. In 2018, Plibersek argued against providing federal subsidies for new coal fired power plants.

Housing

After the 2007 election, Plibersek was made Federal Minister for Housing in the Rudd government. As part of the government's response to the Global Financial Crisis, Plibersek implemented a number of policies that both grew the housing stock and stimulated the Australian economy. These policies included the First Home Owners Boost, providing up to $21,000 for people buying new dwellings, the National Rental Affordability Scheme, providing incentives for investors to build properties for low and middle income Australians, and $6 billion for the construction, repair and improvement of social housing. Plibersek also released the Homelessness White Paper, which set out a comprehensive national plan to tackle homelessness in Australia with significant funding attached. Plibersek has argued that significant new investment in social and public housing should be part of Australia's response to the coronavirus economic downturn.

Welfare

Plibersek supports an increase to Newstart, Australia's then-unemployment benefit, arguing that the current rate is too low, "trapping people in poverty" who are "just surviving" on an allowance of $40 a day.

Social Issues

Women's reproductive rights

Plibersek is pro-choice. As Minister for Health, Plibersek approved listing the abortion drug RU-486 on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Plibersek described the provision of the medicine as "a good thing in the situation where women are faced with one of the most difficult decisions that they will ever make". Anti-abortion groups criticised the move, with one campaigner, Margaret Tighe, labelling it a "gross abuse of power." Other commentators, including Clementine Ford, labelled the decision "progressive".

First Nations people

Plibersek supports instituting an Indigenous Voice to Parliament, based on the recommendations made in the Uluru Statement from the Heart. As Deputy Leader of the Labor Party, she stated that implementing the Indigenous Voice was her party's priority in Indigenous affairs, alongside 'closing the gap', particularly in health and education.

An Australian republic

Plibersek supports Australia becoming a Republic. As a first term Member of Parliament in 1999, she campaigned for the yes vote in the constitutional referendum to replace the Queen and Governor-General with a President appointed by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Commonwealth Parliament.

LGBT rights

From the 1990s onward, Plibersek campaigned for the removal of discrimination against same-sex de facto couples from federal legislation, raising the issue formally in Parliament on multiple occasions during her parliamentary career (including 1999, 2006, and 2008). In her regular paid advertisement in the South Sydney Herald, Plibersek wrote that "The passing of these reforms to federal legislation was one of the proudest moments of my time in the Australian Parliament" and she has marched in the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Parade almost every year for three decades.

As deputy leader, Plibersek led the push to make support for same-sex marriage binding Labor policy which resulted in many Labor MPs speaking out publicly in support of same-sex marriage. Plibersek seconded a private members bill to legalise same sex marriage, moved by Labor leader Bill Shorten. She opposed the 2017 postal plebiscite, arguing it was unnecessary and divisive, but campaigned strongly for the 'yes' vote during the plebiscite campaign.

Multiculturalism and citizenship

As an Australian with Slovenian heritage, Plibersek is vocal advocate for multiculturalism. On an episode of Q&A in 2018 she clashed with conservative Senator Matthew Canavan on the topic of immigration, arguing against Canavan's claim that immigrants congregated through 'ghettoisation'. Before the 2019 election, Plibersek pledged $8 million towards community language schools, to expand language training for children.

In January 2020 Plibersek aroused controversy in an Australia Day speech, calling for children to learn the Australian citizenship pledge at school. In the speech, Plibersek argued that progressives should feel more comfortable with the concept of patriotism: "You can be proud of your citizenship and dedicated to progress. You can cherish this nation and want to make it better. You can be a progressive and love your country: I certainly do."

Foreign aid

As Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs, Plibersek opposed the cuts to foreign aid made by the Abbott Liberal government. At the 2016 election Labor promised to reverse those cuts if elected.

Iraq

Plibersek opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In 2003, when then-US President George W. Bush visited Australia, Tanya presented national security adviser Condoleezza Rice with a letter, signed by 43 Labor MPs, explaining why Labor parliamentarians opposed Australia invading Iraq without United Nations approval. She also stated in Parliament, "I do not support an attack on Iraq. I particularly do not support a pre-emptive first strike. Nor do I support any action that is initiated by the US alone rather than being sanctioned by the United Nations."

East Timor

While Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2016, Plibersek proposed that Australia redraw its maritime border with East Timor. According to the Sydney Morning Herald, "Ms Plibersek lamented that Australia's pivotal role in securing East Timor's independence – "a proud moment" – was being tarnished by its refusal to negotiate a new, permanent maritime boundary with East Timor. "The maritime boundary dispute has poisoned relations with our newest neighbour. This must change for their sake and ours," Ms Plibersek said."
This position was later adopted by the Liberal government, and a new border agreement treaty was signed in 2018.

Israel

Speaking in the House of Representatives on 17 September 2002, Plibersek said: "I can think of a rogue state which consistently ignores UN resolutions, whose ruler is a war criminal responsible for the massacres of civilians in refugee camps outside its borders. The US supports and funds this country. This year it gave it a blank cheque to continue its repression of its enemies. It uses US military hardware to bulldoze homes and kill civilians. It is called Israel, and the war criminal is Ariel Sharon. Needless to say, the US does not mention the UN resolutions that Israel has ignored for 30 years; it just continues sending the money..."

Plibersek's remarks again gained prominence in October 2013, after she and Bill Shorten were elected as deputy leader and leader of the Labor Party, respectively. After choosing to take on the foreign affairs portfolio while in opposition, Liberal Party MP Julie Bishop, then Minister for Foreign Affairs, said Plibersek should "publicly retract those statements". The Australian noted that Plibersek's appointment was likely to be criticised by the Jewish community in Australia.

But the Executive Council of Australian Jewry expressed satisfaction in Plibersek's elevation to the deputy leadership, noting that she had 'developed friendly relations with the Jewish Community'. Plibersek visited Israel and the State of Palestine in February 2014, meeting with the Prime Minister of Palestine, Rami Hamdallah.

List of portfolios
Plibersek has held the following portfolios and parliamentary party positions since her election in 1998 (both shadow and government appointments are listed):
 26 October 2004 – 10 December 2006: Shadow Minister for Work and Family, Child Care and Youth
 26 October 2004 – 24 June 2005: Shadow Minister for Women
 26 October 2004 – 24 June 2005: Shadow Minister for Community
 10 December 2006 – 3 December 2007: Shadow Minister for Human Services, Housing, Youth and Women
 3 December 2007 – 14 September 2010: Minister for Housing
 3 December 2007 – 14 September 2010: Minister for the Status of Women
 14 September 2010 – 14 December 2011: Minister for Human Services
 14 September 2010 – 14 December 2011: Minister for Social Inclusion
 14 December 2011 – 1 July 2013: Minister for Health
 1 July 2013 – 18 September 2013: Minister for Health and Medical Research
 14 October 2013 – 30 May 2019: Deputy Leader of the Opposition
 14 October 2013 – 30 May 2019: Deputy Leader of the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party
 18 October 2013 – 23 July 2016: Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development
 23 July 2016 – 30 May 2019: Shadow Minister for Education
 23 July 2016 – 30 May 2019: Shadow Minister for Women
 30 May 2019 – 23 May 2022: Shadow Minister for Education and Training
 28 January 2021 – 23 May 2022: Shadow Minister for Women
 1 June 2022 – Incumbent: Minister for the Environment and Water

Personal life
Plibersek lives in Sydney with her husband Michael Coutts-Trotter, who is a senior NSW public servant, and three children.

Following the 2010 federal election, when Labor retained government with the support of the Australian Greens and independents, parliamentary numbers were finely balanced. After some controversy, Plibersek was granted a pair by the Coalition so that her absence from the House of Representatives while on maternity leave did not affect the result of votes. She gave birth to her son later that year.

In September 2016, her older brother Ray Plibersek was elected to Sutherland Shire council representing C Ward for the Australian Labor Party.

Plibersek is fond of bushwalking and Jane Austen novels.

See also
 First Rudd ministry
 First Gillard ministry
 Second Gillard ministry
 Albanese ministry

Notes

References

Further reading
 Simons, Margaret, Tanya Plibersek: On Her Own Terms, Black Inc., 2023

External links

Personal website

1969 births
20th-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian people of Slovenian descent
Gillard government
Labor Left politicians
Australian LGBT rights activists
Living people
Macquarie University alumni
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Sydney
Members of the Cabinet of Australia
Politicians from Sydney
Rudd government
University of Technology Sydney alumni
Women members of the Australian House of Representatives
20th-century Australian women politicians
Women deputy opposition leaders
Albanese government
Australian Ministers for Health
Environment ministers of Australia
Housing ministers of Australia
Water ministers of Australia
Women's ministers of Australia
Women government ministers of Australia

Tanya Plibersek


Groven er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinden Eider i den nordlige del af Kreis Dithmarschen. Kreis Dithmarschen ligger i den sydvestlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi

Kommunen er beliggende ved Ejderen. I perioder har forskydninger af floden gjort, at Nesserdeich var en ø, og Wollersum var mellem 1593 og 1601 helt forsvundet i Ejderen. Indtil bygningen af Eidersperrwerk i 1973, var det nødvendigt med omfattende digebyggerier for at undgå forsvindingsgentagelser.

I kommunen ligger Flehderwurth, Groven, Mahde, Nesserdeich og Wollersum.

Nabokommuner
Nabokommuner er (med uret fra nord) kommunerne Lehe, Lunden, Krempel, Rehm-Flehde-Bargen og Karolinenkoog (alle i Kreis Dithmarschen) samt Oldenswort (i Kreis Nordfriesland).

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 side  på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Dithmarschen

Groven (Dithmarschen)


Contesa Walewska (titlul original: în ) este un film dramatic american, realizat în 1937 în regia lui Clarence Brown, despre povestea de dragoste dintre contesa poloneză Maria Walewska și Napoleon Bonaparte, având în rolurile principale pe Greta Garbo și Charles Boyer.

La ceremonia de acordare a premiilor Oscar din 1938 a avut două nominalizări, dar nu a primit nici un premiu.

Rezumat

Distribuție
 Greta Garbo – Maria Walewska
 Charles Boyer – Napoleon Bonaparte
 May Whitty – Letizia Bonaparte
 Maria Ouspenskaya – contesa Pelagia Walewska
 Reginald Owen – Talleyrand
 Alan Marshal – Philippe-Antoine d'Ornano
 Henry Stephenson – contele Walewski
 Leif Erickson – Paul Lachinski
 C. Henry Gordon – prințul Poniatowski
 Claude Gillingwater – Stephan
 George Houston – mareșalul Géraud Christophe Michel Duroc

Aprecieri

Premii și nominalizări
Filmul a fost în 1938 nominalizat pentru două premii Oscar, dar în final nu a primit nici un trofeu:
 cel mai bun actor – Charles Boyer
 cele mai bune decoruri – Cedric Gibbons, William A. Horning

Note

Bibliografie

Vezi și
 Listă de filme străine până în 1989

Legături externe

 Amorurile lui Napoleon , 7 februarie 2012, Irina-Maria Manea, Historia

Filme din 1937
Filme americane
Filme în limba engleză
Filme istorice
Filme despre Napoleon

Contesa Walewska (film din 1937)


Remote Control is a TV game show that ran on MTV for five seasons from 1987 until 1990. It was MTV's first original non-musical program and first game show. A concurrent syndicated version of the series ran during the 1989-90 season and was distributed by Viacom. Three contestants answered trivia questions on movies, music, and television, many of which were presented in skit format.

The series was created and developed by producers Joe Davola and Michael Dugan. It was written by Michael Armstrong (head writer seasons 2–3), Desmond Devlin, Emily Dodi, Michael Dugan (head writer season 1), Lee Frank, Bob Giordano, Phil Gurin, Keith Kaczorek (also credited as Kadillac Keith), Chris Kreski (head writer seasons 4–5), Denis Leary, Andrew Price, Colin Quinn, Ned Rice, Rick Rosner, Adam Sandler, McPaul Smith and John Ten Eyck. It was directed by Dana Calderwood, Scott Fishman and Milt Lage.

Cast
Remote Control was hosted by Ken Ober and featured Colin Quinn as the announcer/sidekick. Quinn hosted the final episodes as Ober was away filming the short-lived series Parenthood. John Ten Eyck played several walk-on parts, joined in later seasons by Adam Sandler, Denis Leary, and Roger Kabler. Steve Treccase provided music; Marisol Massey (season 1), Kari Wuhrer (seasons 2–3), Alicia Coppola (season 4) and Susan Ashley (season 5) were the hostesses.

Premise
The show's premise was that Ober desperately wanted to be a game show host and set up his basement as a television studio. The opening theme song presented the scenario:
Kenny wasn't like the other kids (Remote Control)TV mattered, nothing else did (Remote Control)Girls said yes, but he said no (Remote Control)Now he's got his own game show (Remote Control!)
Shows were sometimes interrupted by the disembodied voice of "Ken's mother," and the studio was set up to resemble a basement, complete with a washer and dryer, water heater, bric-a-brac, and a giant Pez dispenser that resembled Bob Eubanks.

The basement was a mainstay of the show throughout its run; however, its decor was "rearranged" slightly every season. The contestants sat in leather La-Z-Boy recliners with seat belts, complete with retro kidney-shaped tables and scoreboards, facing host Ober and his retro-styled Zenith television. Behind Ober were framed portraits of his idols, game show hosts Eubanks, Bob Barker, Bill Cullen, Bert Convy, Monty Hall, and Tom Kennedy. Musician Steve Treccase set up his keyboard behind a cluttered bar, at which Quinn and the hostess usually sat for the duration of the show. More clutter could be found around and behind the audience, very frequently including props used in previous seasons. Finally, the contestants' chairs were placed in front of breakaway walls, through which they were unmercifully pulled if they were eliminated.

Main game
Three contestants sitting in lounge chairs would select one of nine channels on a big-screen television that stood beside Ober, using their TV remote control units; each channel represented a subject having to do with pop culture. Sample channels used on the show were "The Bon Jovi Network", "Brady Physics", and "Dead or Canadian". Contestants answered a series of toss-up questions from those subjects to earn points, using signaling devices to ring in, and lost points for an incorrect response. Most channels contained three questions of increasing value, although certain special categories would have either one or two questions. The identity of each channel was only revealed when it was first chosen during a round.

In the first round, the three questions in a standard category were worth 5, 10, and 15 points, in that order. Point values were doubled for the second round, with a new set of nine channels in play. The contestant who answered a question correctly could either stay with the current channel or select a different one; after the last question in a channel was asked, it was taken out of play for the rest of the round.

Categories/Channels
Many categories dealt with specific television shows, characters, or genres. Others focused on topics such as celebrities, trivia, and commercials. Categories fell into one of the following general types.
 Standard: humorously worded questions asked by Ober
 Performance-based: questions based on skits or songs acted out by one or more supporting cast members.
 One-time use: a single question or chance to score points, often involving a survey or comedy performance, such as "Sing Along with Colin", where Colin Quinn would begin a few lines of a song and the contestant needed to correctly add the last line to score the points.
 Beat the clock: Often worded as "Beat the Baloney" or "Beat the Bishop", a character dressed in costume would make his way through the audience while the contestant was assigned a math problem. Correctly answering the problem before the character circumambulated the studio would earn points.
 Penalty: a channel that resulted in a hidden message where the contestant would be assessed a penalty. Often done as "Wheel of Torture", where the contestant would be given the option to forgo the torture for a penalty or be awarded points if they endured a schoolyard-type torture from Colin Quinn, such as "Charley Horse", "Noogie", "Purple Nurple" or "Wet Willy". (If a female contestant did this and was selected for "Purple Nurple", the wheel was re-spun.)

MTV was always one of the available channels, and presented questions associated with music and music videos.

Snack Break
At the end of the first round, the contestants were treated to a snack; however, as they were guests of an unconventional host, the snacks were delivered in unusual ways. In the vast majority of episodes, the contestants held bowls above their heads to catch the snack as it was dumped onto them from above, such as popcorn or candy. When the nature of the snack such as cheese and crackers made this method impractical, it would be lowered from above on trays or delivered by the hostess. In some episodes, each contestant was hit with a pie in the face.

During the first season, the Snack Break occurred in the middle of the round, and the contestant in the lead at that point had the chance to win a small prize by correctly guessing which one of three refrigerators held it (similar to the Big Deal on Let's Make a Deal). The other two each held a revolting food item.

Off the Air
One of the signature features of Remote Control was the way in which contestants were eliminated from play. After round two, the TV went "Off the Air" (accompanied by a siren sound effect and the studio lights flashing on and off), and the contestant in last place at that moment was also thrown "Off the Air" and eliminated from the game. If there was a tie for last place, there was no elimination. Eliminated contestants were removed immediately, chair and all (hence the seat belts). Beginning late in the first season, the audience would also sing a "goodbye song," typically "Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye," "Hit the Road Jack," or "Hey You, Get Off of My Show" (to the tune of "Get Off of My Cloud"), while said contestant was being ejected. After a contestant was ejected, he/she would be tormented by stagehands administering various annoyances behind him/her while an unrealistic screaming sound effect played. The ejections were accomplished in a variety of ways.

The setup in the first season was very basic. All three contestants were seated in front of breakaway sections in the wall behind them. Upon elimination, the losing contestant was simply pulled in their chair through that section of the wall, which would fall backwards allowing the chair to continue sliding behind the stage. Upon being pulled through, a black curtain was dropped concealing the contestant. Most of the time this was accompanied by the camera shaking violently and a "static" effect to simulate the TV (and the contestant, as mentioned by Ober) going "Off the Air." On occasion, the chair would return through the wall with the contestant replaced by a skeleton or something else indicating that he or she had been "killed."

The second season was the first to feature three different kinds of eliminations; also, the camera effects were removed. The contestant on the audience's left was pulled backstage through a hidden trap door in the wall, which then closed behind him/her. The contestant in the center sat in front of a large doorway covered with blue paper; upon elimination; he/she was pulled backwards, tearing through it, and a black curtain was lowered over the opening. When the contestant on the right was eliminated, the floor and wall sections around him/her pivoted backwards by 90 degrees, so that the underside of the floor became the wall from the audience's perspective as the contestant was flipped out of view.

The third and fourth seasons presented some minor modifications. The flipping chair was now to the audience's left, while the center chair was pulled through a breakaway wall and curtain similar to those used in the first season. The contestant on the right was eliminated by being pulled backwards, with the wall section behind him/her rotating 180 degrees horizontally to expose a section of exterior house siding, implying that the contestant had been ejected from the house altogether.

For the fifth season, the curtain behind the breakaway wall was replaced by a black wall with a pattern of jail cell bars, and the wall behind the contestant on the right rotated vertically instead of horizontally.

On at least two occasions (including a 1988 Christmas episode in which the three contestants were actors playing the "Three Wise Men"), the contestants performed so badly in Round 1 that Ober decided to have them all yanked "Off the Air" at the end of it. The scores were reset to zero, and three new contestants took their places to complete the game.

Lightning round
During the first season, after the TV went "Off the Air", gameplay continued as normal with the remaining two contestants until time expired. Beginning with the second season, this format was scrapped for a "lightning round" to determine the winner.

For the second through fourth seasons, the two remaining contestants played a "Think Real Fast" lightning round, answering as many toss-up questions as possible in 30 seconds and receiving 10 points per correct answer. Typically, contestants had to supply a missing word in a title or correct a wrong one. When time ran out, the high scorer advanced to the bonus round and the second-place contestant was eliminated. In the event of a two-way tie for second place or a three-way tie when the TV went "Off the Air," no one was eliminated at that point; all three contestants played Think Real Fast, and the second- and third-place scorers were both removed at its end.

In the fifth season, all three contestants played a variation of the lightning round called "This, That, or the Other Thing." Every question had to be answered with one of three similar-sounding choices given by Ober at the start of the round (e.g., "Andy Taylor, Andy Warhol, or Andy Rooney"). The round lasted for 20 seconds, and each answer was worth 10 points; at its end, the TV went "Off the Air" and the third-place scorer was eliminated. The remaining two contestants then played a final question, described below.

Final question
In the final season, and the second half of the syndicated version, the two remaining contestants bet any or all of their current score on one final question, usually a math problem. Once the contestants had written down their wagers, Ober read the question and they had 20 seconds to answer it while a bizarre distraction was performed. After time expired, the answers and wagers were checked; a correct answer added a contestant's wager to his/her score, while a miss deducted it.

Tiebreaker
In all seasons, the surviving contestant with the highest score won the game and a collection of prizes, and went on to the Grand Prize Round. In the event of a tie after the last round, Ober would pull a tiebreaker question from the giant Pez dispenser in the corner; a correct answer won the game, while a miss gave the win to the opponent.

Grand prize round
MTV Version (first 4 seasons): The contestant was strapped to a "Craftmatic adjustable bed", facing a wall of nine TV sets (including two turned sideways and one placed upside down) that were each playing a different music video simultaneously. The contestant had to identify the artists in the videos; each correct response awarded a prize and shut off that TV. Correctly identifying all nine artists within 30 seconds won the grand prize, usually a car or a trip ($5,000 in celebrity episodes). Before the clock started ticking, the contestant was given a split-second glimpse of every video at once. He/she could pass on a video and return to it after playing through all nine if time remained on the clock.  The record for the fastest win, 8 seconds, was set by a contestant named Andrea on a November 1989 episode.

Syndicated Version ("Wheel of Jeopardy"): Due to copyright issues, music videos could not be used on the syndicated episodes. Instead, the contestant was strapped to a spinning horizontal wheel surrounded by 10 numbered television monitors and was asked 10 questions (usually about TV). For each question successfully answered, the contestant won a prize and the message "Grand Prize" appeared on the corresponding screen. The contestant had three seconds to answer each question, and could not return to passed or missed questions. After all questions had been asked, the wheel was allowed to slow to a stop, and if the contestant's head pointed to a screen that displayed "Grand Prize", he won the day's top prize in addition to any prizes for his correct answers. A contestant who correctly answered every question automatically won the grand prize. A similar bonus round was used on the British version.

MTV Version (season 5): The "name the artist" round was modified to more resemble the syndicated bonus round. The contestant was strapped to a spinning metal wheel placed at a 45-degree angle, with a single TV above it and another below it. As Colin Quinn and other cast members spun the wheel, the contestant had to identify the artists of nine videos that were shown in succession on both screens at once. Correctly identifying all artists in 40 seconds awarded the grand prize. The contestant could pass on a video and return to it later if time permitted.

Spring Break episodes
Like most MTV shows of the period, Remote Control taped episodes on-location during the network's annual Spring Break event. The gameplay was altered to account for the absence of the regular studio's equipment and props as follows.
 Contestants sat either in beach chairs on platforms that extended over the edge of a swimming pool, or in director's chairs near it.
 The nine channels were represented by college-age men and women in swimwear and numbered T-shirts. When a channel was selected, that person removed his/her shirt to reveal a sash marked with the channel name.
 In some episodes, the contestants were given trays of snack food items (such as hot dogs) at the end of the first round and received 5 points for each one they ate before the second round ended. Once the extra points were tallied, the game ended and the two lowest scorers were pushed/thrown into the pool by stagehands. Other episodes followed the same elimination rules as the regular show, with the TV going "Off the Air" and the lowest scorer being tipped/pushed/thrown into the pool, followed by a lightning round to decide the winner.
 For the grand prize round, the winner lay on a floating lounge chair in the pool and had to identify the artists in nine music videos, each displayed for four seconds on a single monitor.

Celebrities
Celebrities that appeared on the show included:
 Nipsey Russellthe "Poet Laureate of Television", who occasionally presented some of his poems.
 Bob Eubankssat by host Ober for the entire main game, and "coached" him on how to host a game show.
 "Weird Al" Yankoviccame into the basement as a category/channel. In addition, he also "tortured" that episode's two losing contestants as they were eliminated. (This was the only time that the backstage portion of the set behind the contestant area was shown.)
 LL Cool Jmade a brief appearance in one skit, where Ober stormed off stage to discover the rapper and his brother goofing around.
 Jerry Mathersappeared during the second half of a season three episode.
 MC Hammerappeared as an announcer during one of the final episodes, which were shot on location in Daytona Beach, Florida.
Celebrities that played the game:
 One episode featured Phil McConkey of the NFL's New York Giants playing against Sidney Green of the NBA's New York Knicks (with his then very young son Taurean on the set throughout the show). The third contestant was series regular John Ten Eyck playing Steve Sax of Major League baseball's Los Angeles Dodgers. Ten Eyck intentionally gave foolish, incorrect answers as Sax, who had canceled his scheduled appearance at the last minute.
 While in syndication, Remote Control had a "World Class Athletes Day" with pro athletes who lost out on championships in recent seasons. The three contestants were Cincinnati Bengals quarterback Boomer Esiason, New York Mets pitcher David Cone and New York Rangers defenseman Ron Greschner.
 LL Cool J, Julie Brown, and "Weird Al" Yankovic played for charity during the second season, with Yankovic winning.
 Heavy metal musicians "Dizzy" Dean Davidson of Britny Fox, Lorraine Lewis of Femme Fatale, and Anthrax's Charlie Benante played against each other in season three.
 Former child stars Brandon Cruz, Butch Patrick, and Danny Bonaduce played in season three.
 Former Brady Bunch actors Barry Williams, Eve Plumb, and Susan Olsen played in the first aired episode of the syndicated run. This episode led to a writing partnership between Williams and Remote Control head writer Chris Kreski, who co-authored the best-selling Growing Up Brady biography.
 The Red Hot Chili Peppers were contestants in the final MTV season.
 Kathy Orr, former Chief Meteorologist for KYW-TV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and now an evening meteorologist with crosstown WTXF, appeared on the show as a regular contestant.
 ESPN anchor John Buccigross appeared on the show as a regular contestant.

International versions

 A Puerto Rican version entitled Control Remoto, hosted by former Menudo member Xavier Serbiá, was canceled after 3 months on WAPA-TV in 1989 because MTV threatened a lawsuit for copyright infringement.
 A British version of the show was co-produced by Action Time Productions and Granada Television and aired on Channel 4 from 1991 to 1992. It was hosted by Anthony H. Wilson and featured comedians Phil Cornwell and John Thomson plus keyboardist Yolisa Pharle, with guest appearances by the characters Frank Sidebottom, Sister Mary Immaculate and Mrs Merton (both played by Caroline Aherne), plus Brenda Gilhooly as a 'yoof' TV presenter.
 An Australian version aired on Network Ten in 1989 under the name The Great TV Game Show. It was hosted by Russell Stubbs with Jane Holmes and the regular panelists were Russell Fletcher, Margie Nunn, Linda Gibson, and Michael Blair. The show failed to see out the year along with a number of Network Ten game shows that were launched at around the same time.
 The Italian version of the show was called Urka!, which was hosted by Paolo Bonolis and aired on Italia 1 only in 1991.
 A Brazilian version of the show called Controle Remoto, hosted by Fausto Silva aired on Rede Globo in 1989.

Merchandise
 A board game based on the show was released by Pressman in 1989.
 In 1989, a video game based on Remote Control was licensed for multiple platforms, including the Apple II, Commodore 64 and Nintendo Entertainment System, the latter of which was released in 1990. The video games were published by Hi-Tech Expressions. The game remained quite similar to the show. The NES version omitted the final round, replacing it with a "Think Real Fast" round between the top two contestants.
 1990 also saw a DOS version released; like the NES version, it has no endgame. In the DOS game, the contestant in last place is eliminated when the TV goes "Off the Air" in the middle of the second round instead of at the end. The other two contestants then complete the round, and then play a "Think Real Fast" round.

See also
 Couch Potatoes (game show) (1989)
 What's Alan Watching? (1989)

References

External links
 Remote Control Retrospective on VeryFineNearMint.com
 The Basement: An Online Salute to MTV Remote Control
 Kenny Wasn't Like the Other Kids: An oral history of MTV's Remote Control

1987 American television series debuts
1990 American television series endings
1980s American comedy game shows
1990s American comedy game shows
MTV game shows
Television series about television
English-language television shows

it:Urka!

Remote Control (game show)


İkizler (Latince: Gemini), 21 Mayıs ile 21 Haziran arasında doğanların İkizler takımyıldızının etkisinde olduğuna inanılan burç.

Eserlerde İkizler
Marcus Manilius'un astrolojinin esaslarını kaleme aldığı beş ciltlik Astronomica adlı eserde İkizler burcunun özellikleri şu şekilde yer almaktadır:

Kaynakça

Burçlar
Batı astrolojisi

İkizler (astroloji)


Li Dong-woon (리동운; * 4. Juli 1945) ist ein ehemaliger nordkoreanischer Fußballspieler. Mit der Nationalmannschaft der Demokratischen Volksrepublik Korea nahm er 1966 an der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 1966 in England teil; hier bestritt Li Dong-woon mit der Rückennummer "16" zwei Spiele gegen Chile (Gruppenphase) und Portugal (Viertelfinale), im Spiel gegen Portugal erzielte er das 2:0 – gegen die Sowjetunion und Italien (jeweils Gruppenphase) wurde Li Dong-woon nicht eingesetzt. 1966 stand er bei der Sportgruppe Radongja unter Vertrag. In weiteren von der FIFA gelisteten Spielen kam der 170 Zentimeter große Abwehrspieler nicht zum Einsatz.

Li Dong-woon war im Oktober 2002 nicht im Dokumentarfilm The Game of Their Lives zu sehen.

Siehe auch
 Nordkorea bei der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 1966

Einzelnachweise

Fußballnationalspieler (Nordkorea)
Geboren 1945
Mann
Nordkoreaner
Teilnehmer an einer Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft (Nordkorea)

Li Dong-woon


Kurt Betschart (født 25. august 1968 i Erstfeld) er en forhenværende cykelrytter fra Schweiz.

Hans foretrukne disciplin var banecykling, hvor seksdagesløb var hans speciale. Med 37 sejre har han sammen med makker Bruno Risi verdensrekorden for flest vundne løb, heriblandt to ved Københavns seksdagesløb.

Betschart deltog ved Sommer-OL 2000 i Sydney.

Han indstillede karriere i juli 2006.

Eksterne henvisninger

Mandlige cykelryttere fra Schweiz
Vindere af Københavns seksdagesløb

Kurt Betschart


Das Haus Schloßberg 13  ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Gebäude in der Stadt Quedlinburg in Sachsen-Anhalt.

Lage

Es befindet sich am Schlossberg, südlich der Quedlinburger Altstadt und gehört zum UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe. Eine besondere städtebauliche Bedeutung des Hauses ergibt sich, da das Haus als Teil eines geschlossenen Fachwerkensembles erhalten ist. Unmittelbar westlich grenzt das Klopstockhaus, östlich das gleichfalls denkmalgeschützte Haus Schloßberg 14 an. Das Haus wird heute gastronomisch durch die Käsekuchenbäckerei Vincent genutzt. Im Quedlinburger Denkmalverzeichnis ist es als Wohnhaus eingetragen.

Architektur und Geschichte
Das dreistöckige Fachwerkhaus entstand etwa um 1740 und gehört zu den barocken Zeugnissen der Quedlinburger Fachwerkarchitektur. Die Schwellen des Fachwerks weisen eine starke Profilierung auf. Die Gefache sind mit Ziegeln ausgemauert und überstrichen.

1999 erfolgte eine Sanierung des Hauses durch das Architekturbüro qbatur. Die Fläche des geschäftlich genutzten Bereichs des Hauses umfasst 100 m², die Wohnfläche 90 m².

Literatur
 Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Sachsen-Anhalt (Hrsg.): Denkmalverzeichnis Sachsen-Anhalt. Band 7: Falko Grubitzsch, unter Mitwirkung von Alois Bursy, Mathias Köhler, Winfried Korf, Sabine Oszmer, Peter Seyfried und Mario Titze: Landkreis Quedlinburg. Teilband 1: Stadt Quedlinburg. Fliegenkopf, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-910147-67-4, S. 228.

Weblinks
http://www.denkmalkonzepte.de/
Homepage der Käsekuchenbäckerei Vincent

Kulturdenkmal in Quedlinburg
Fachwerkhaus in Quedlinburg
Erbaut im 18. Jahrhundert
Wohngebäude in Quedlinburg
Schloßberg (Quedlinburg)

Schloßberg 13 (Quedlinburg)


Wilson's bird-of-paradise (Diphyllodes respublica) is a species of passerine bird of the family Paradisaeidae.

The first footage of the Wilson's bird-of-paradise ever to be filmed was recorded in 1996 by David Attenborough for the BBC documentary Attenborough in Paradise. He did so by dropping leaves on the forest floor, which irritated the bird into clearing them away.

Nomenclature
The controversial scientific name respublica of this species was given by Charles Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon's nephew and a republican idealist. The habit of zoologists at that time to dedicate newly discovered species to some king, queen, or aristocrat deeply irritated him. In order to assert his convictions, he chose to name this species respublica to honour the republic and not the royalty.

Charles Lucien Bonaparte described the bird from a badly damaged trade specimen purchased by British ornithologist Edward Wilson. In doing so, he beat John Cassin, who wanted to name the bird in honour of Wilson, by several months. Thirteen years later, in 1863, the German zoologist Heinrich Agathon Bernstein discovered the home grounds of the Wilson's bird-of-paradise on Waigeo Island. Diphyllodes.

Distribution
An Indonesian endemic, the Wilson's bird-of-paradise is distributed to the hill and lowland rainforests of Waigeo and Batanta Islands off West Papua.

Due to ongoing habitat loss, limited range, and exploitation, the Wilson's bird-of-paradise is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

Habitat
Its preferred habitat is the hill forest at 300 m of altitude, more rarely the lowland rainforest and the middle mountain forest.

Description
Wilson's bird-of-paradise is rather small. Males can reach a length of  (21 cm including central rectrices) and a weight of 53–67 g., while females can reach a length of 16 cm, but a weight of 52–60 g. The male is a red and black bird-of-paradise, with a yellow mantle on its neck, light green mouth, rich blue feet, and two curved violet tail feathers. The head is naked blue, with a black double cross pattern on it. The female is a brownish bird with a bare blue crown.

In the field, the blue bare skin on the crown of the bird's head is so vivid that it is clearly visible by night; the deep scarlet back and velvet green breast are lush, the curlicue tail gleaming bright silver.

Diet
Their diet consists of fruits, insects, arthropods, and other small invertebrates.

Rituals of seduction
Males of these birds clear an area of rainforest to create a 'display court'. Then they perform an elaborate mating dance to impress a potential mate. The male usually exhibits an attractive breast shield and accompanies the mating dance with song and calls.

Courtship behavior
Male Wilson's Birds of Paradise are the most colorful of all the species within the family, possessing a veritable rainbow of color. This remarkable example of hue and iridescence possesses all of the primary colors (and more) in different ways. The baby blue hue of its head is skin, not feathers, and is the result of structural color absent in any other member of birds of paradise. Yellow on the nape of its neck, followed by the crimson on its back are consistent, pigmented colors, present year-round. Its quirky, "handlebar-mustache-shaped" tail feathers are brilliantly iridescent, reflecting light to produce intense color to the eye of the beholder.

The sexual dimorphism of the species leaves the female very drab in comparison. Sexual dimorphism, or the difference in physical appearance between the sexes, is the result of female selection, in which females select males based upon indirect genetic benefits which increase offspring fitness. Because this species is polygynous, where one male mates with multiple females, the female is left on her own to raise young, forcing her to assess these indirect genetic benefits through courtship rituals, details of which are in the following section.

Dance

While these birds are difficult to locate in the wild and have not been studied in-depth, footage of the few mating rituals that have been witnessed for this species tells all. This species territorially defends a "court" in which it performs its vocalizations and physical maneuvers. Males will continually work to keep this area free of debris, making sure that nothing on the ground will distract from their displays. Males will perch on a vertical branch in the middle of their court, flexing their brilliant green fluorescent collar and calling out to females to attract them to their site. Females who are interested will perch above the male on the branch and watch as he weaves back and forth, calling to her and flexing the fluorescent collar. As was recently discovered when researchers filmed the dance from the female's perspective, as the male displays, he is basically a brilliant green disc, and the inside of his mouth is fluorescent, making him an astonishing beacon of brilliant color. This phenomenal display of color demonstrates the power of female sexual selection over male appearance and behavior in the animal kingdom.

Gallery

Bibliography
 Beehler, B.M., T.K. Pratt & D.A.Zimmerman 1986. Birds of New Guinea. Princeton University Press. .
 Frith, C. B. & Frith, D. W. (2009). Family Paradisaeidae (Birds of Paradise). In del Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. & Christie, D. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Vol. 14. pp. 404–459. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
 Morten Strange. A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Indonesia. — Princeton University Press, 2003. — С. 382. — 416 с. — .
 Ottaviani, M. (2012). Les Oiseaux de Paradis – Histoire Naturelle et photographies, 320 pages. Editions Prin, France.

References

External links

 BBC Video Segment - Wilson's Bird of Paradise
 Wilson's Bird of Paradise Image at PBase

Diphyllodes
Birds of the Raja Ampat Islands
Endemic birds of Indonesia
Birds described in 1850
Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte
Endemic fauna of New Guinea

Wilson's bird-of-paradise


Leiperzell ist ein Gemeindeteil der Stadt Feuchtwangen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Der Weiler liegt am linken Ufer der Sulzach. Der Ort ist von Grünland mit vereinzelten Baumbestand und Ackerland umgeben. Etwas weiter östlich am Fuß einer bewaldeten Erhebung gibt es Heideland. 0,75 km südöstlich liegt das Heiligenholz. Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Oberdallersbach (1,8 km nördlich) bzw. zur B 25 (0,5 km westlich). Ein Wirtschaftsweg führt nach Poppenweiler (1 km südlich).

Geschichte
Leiperzell wurde wie alle übrigen "-zell"-Orte (Aichenzell, Seiderzell, Bergnerzell und Rammerzell) vom Kloster Feuchtwangen angelegt und durch das Kloster verwaltet. Da dieses 1197 in ein Säkularkanonikerstift umgewandelt worden ist, muss die Gründung von Leiperzell vor 1197 erfolgt sein. Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde der Ort am 9. August 1257 als "Livprerchscelle".

Leiperzell lag im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Feuchtwangen. Im Jahr 1732 gab es fünf Anwesen (zwei Höfe, ein Halbhof, ein Gütlein, eine Mühle) und eine öde Kapelle. Die Dorf- und Gemeindeherrschaft und die Grundherrschaft übte das Stadtvogteiamt Feuchtwangen aus. Gegen Ende des Alten Reiches gab es noch zwei weitere Anwesen, die Fremdherren unterstanden. Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Feuchtwangen.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jh.) wurde Leiperzell dem Steuerdistrikt Tauberschallbach und der Ruralgemeinde Banzenweiler zugeordnet. Im Zuge der Gebietsreform wurde Leiperzell am 1. Juli 1971 nach Feuchtwangen eingemeindet.

Ehemalige Baudenkmäler
 Haus Nr. 4 mit Fachwerkgiebel. Am Türsturz bezeichnet "18 GMSt 08". Von dem über das Haus vorgezogenen Kellergeschoss geht ein Fluchtgang in nicht bestimmbarer Richtung aus.
 Altsitz (zu Haus Nr. 6): Kleines Wohnstallgebäude mit verzahnten Eckquadern, Fachwerkgiebel und Satteldach. An einem Eckquader an der Nordostecke eingehauenes Monogramm "IGH", Jahreszahl "1786", Hauszeichen, Blumenornament. Gefährdeter Bauzustand.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Johannis (Feuchtwangen) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Ulrich und Afra (Feuchtwangen) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Feuchtwangen)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Ersterwähnung 1257
Weiler in Mittelfranken
Ort an der Sulzach

Leiperzell


بلدية نافاتيخاريس (بالإسبانية: Navatejares) هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة آبلة التابعة لمنطقة قشتالة وليون وسط إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان بلدية نافاتيخاريس 70 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية نافاتيخاريس

أماكن مأهولة في آبلة
بلديات آبلة

نافاتيخاريس


Siteswap, also called quantum juggling or the Cambridge notation, is a numeric juggling notation used to describe or represent juggling patterns. The term may also be used to describe siteswap patterns, possible patterns transcribed using siteswap. Throws are represented by non-negative integers that specify the number of beats in the future when the object is thrown again: "The idea behind siteswap is to keep track of the order that balls are thrown and caught, and only that." It is an invaluable tool in determining which combinations of throws yield valid juggling patterns for a given number of objects, and has led to previously unknown patterns (such as 441). However, it does not describe body movements such as behind-the-back and under-the-leg. Siteswap assumes that "throws happen on beats that are equally spaced in time."

For example, a three-ball cascade may be notated "3 ", while a shower may be notated "5 1".

Origin
The notation was invented by Paul Klimek in Santa Cruz, California in 1981, and later developed by undergraduates Bruce "Boppo" Tiemann, Joel David Hamkins, and the late Bengt Magnusson at the California Institute of Technology in 1985, and by Mike Day, mathematician Colin Wright, and mathematician Adam Chalcraft in Cambridge, England in 1985 (whence comes an alternative name). Hamkins wrote computer code in 1985 to systematically generate siteswap patterns—the printouts were taken immediately to the Athenaeum lawn at Caltech to be tried out by himself, Tiemann, and Magnusson. The numbers derive from the number of balls used in the most common juggling patterns. Siteswap has been described as, "perhaps the most popular" name.

The name siteswap comes from the ability to generate patterns by "swapping" landing times of any 2 "sites" in a siteswap using the . For example, swapping the landing times of throws "5" and "1" in the siteswap "51" generates the siteswap "24".

Vanilla

Its simplest form, sometimes called vanilla siteswap, describes only patterns whose throws alternate hands and in which one ball is thrown from each hand at a time. If one were juggling while walking forward, something like the adjacent diagram would be seen from above, sometimes called a space-time diagram or ladder diagram. In this diagram, three balls are being juggled. Time progresses from the top to the bottom.

This pattern can be described by stating how many throws later each ball is caught. For instance, on the first throw in the diagram, the purple ball is thrown in the air (up out of the screen, towards the bottom left) by the right hand, next the blue ball, the green ball, the green ball again, and the blue ball again and then finally the purple ball is caught and thrown by the left hand on the fifth throw, this gives the first throw a count of 5. This produces a sequence of numbers which denote the height of each throw to be made. Since hands alternate, odd-numbered throws send the ball to the other hand, while even-numbered throws send the ball to the same hand. A 3 represents a throw to the opposite hand at the height of the basic three-cascade; a 4 represents a throw to the same hand at the height of the four-fountain, and so on.

There are three special throws: a 0 is a pause with an empty hand, a 1 is a quick pass straight across to the other hand, and a 2 is a momentary hold of an object. Throws longer than 9 beats are given letters starting with a. The number of beats a ball is in the air usually corresponds to how high it was thrown, so many people refer to the numbers as heights, but this is not technically correct; all that matters is the number of beats in the air, not how high it is thrown. For example, bouncing a ball takes longer than a throw in the air to the same height, and so can be a higher siteswap value while being a lower throw.

Each pattern repeats after a certain number of throws, called the period of the pattern. The period is the number of digits in the shortest non-repeating representation of a pattern. For example, the pattern diagrammed on the right is 53145305520 which has 11 digits and therefore has a period of 11. If the period is an odd number, like this one, then each time the sequence is repeated, the sequence starts with the other hand, and the pattern is symmetrical because each hand is doing the same thing (although at different times). If the period is an even number then on every repeat of the pattern, each hand does the same thing it did last time and the pattern is asymmetrical.

The number of balls used for the pattern is the average of the throw numbers in the pattern. For example, 441 is a three-object pattern because (4+4+1)/3 is 3, and 86 is a seven-object pattern. All patterns must therefore have a siteswap sequence that averages to an integer. Not all such sequences describe patterns; for example 543 with integer average 4 but its three throws all land at the same time, colliding.

Some hold to a convention in that a siteswap is written with its highest numbers first. One drawback to doing so is evident in the pattern 51414, a 3-ball pattern which cannot be inserted into the middle of a string of 3-throws, unlike its rotation 45141 which can.

Synchronous

Siteswap notation can be extended to denote patterns containing synchronous throws from both hands. The numbers for the two throws are combined in parentheses and separated by a comma. Since synchronous throws are only thrown on even beats, only even numbers are allowed. Throws that move to the other hand are marked by an x following the number. Thus a synchronous three-prop shower is denoted (4x,2x), meaning one hand continually throws a low throw or 'zip' to the opposite hand, while the other continually makes a higher throw to the first. Sequences of bracketed pairs are written without delimiting markers. Patterns that repeat in mirror image on the opposite side can be abbreviated with a *.  For example, Instead of (4,2x)(2x,4) (3-ball box pattern), can be abbreviated to (4,2x)*.

Multiplexing

A further extension allows siteswap to notate patterns involving multiple throws from either or both hands at the same time in a multiplex pattern. The numbers for multiple throws from a single hand are written together inside square brackets.  For example, [33]33 is a normal 3-ball cascade, with a pair of balls always thrown together.

Passing

Simultaneous juggling: <xxx|yyy> notation means one juggler does 'xxx' while another does 'yyy'.  'p' is used to represent a passing throw.  For example, <3p 3|3p 3> is a 6 prop '2 count' passing pattern, where all left hand throws are passes and right hand throws are selves. This can also be used with synchronous patterns; a two-person 'shower' is then <(4xp,2x)|(4xp,2x)>

Fractional notation
If the pattern contains fractions, e.g. <4.5 3 3 | 3 4 3.5> the juggler after the bar is supposed to be half a count later, and all fractions are passes.

social siteswap

If both juggle the same pattern (although shifted in time), the pattern is called a social siteswap and only half of the pattern needs to be written: <4p 3| 3 4p> becomes 4p 3 and <4.5 3 3| 3 4.5 3> becomes 4.5 3 3. (note that in the latter case, 4.5 will be straight passes from one juggler, crossing passes (i.e. left to left or right to right hand) from the other juggler.
Social siteswaps can also be created for more than 2 jugglers (e.g. 4p 3 3 or 3.7 3 for 3 jugglers, where 3.7 is meant to mean 3.66666.... or 3 . Then each juggler should start  count after the previous one.)

Note that some jugglers use fractions to note multi-handed patterns.

Multi-handed

Multi-hand notation was developed by Ed Carstens in 1992 for use with his juggling program JugglePro. Siteswap notation in its simplest form ("Vanilla siteswap") assumes that only one ball is thrown at a time.  It follows that any valid siteswap for two hands will also be valid for any number of hands, on the condition that the hands throw after each other.  Commonly used multi-hand siteswaps are 1-handed (diabolo) siteswap, and 4-handed (passing) siteswap.

1-handed (diabolo)

The siteswap is performed by a single hand, or a diabolo player throwing diabolos at different heights.

4-handed

Valid siteswaps can be juggled by a 4-handed juggler, or for 2 jugglers coordinating 4 hands, on the condition that hands throw alternately.

In practice, this is most easily obtained if the jugglers throw by turns, one sequence being (Right hand of juggler A, right hand of juggler B, left hand of A, left hand of B).

mixed-up notation

Some jugglers, when noting 4-handed siteswap, divide the siteswap values by the number of jugglers. This leads to a fractional notation similar to the notation for social siteswaps, but the order of the notation can be different.

State diagrams

Just after throwing a ball (or club or other juggling object), all balls are in the air and are under the influence of gravity. Assuming the balls are caught at a consistent level, then the timing of when the balls land is already determined. We can mark each point in time when a ball is going to land with an x, and each point in time when there is not yet a ball scheduled to land with a -. This describes the current state and determines what number ball can be thrown next. For instance, we can look at the state just after our first throw in the diagram, it is xx--x. We can use the state to determine what can be thrown next. First we take the x off the left hand side (that's the ball that's landing next) and shift everything else to the left filling in a - on the right. This leaves us with x--x-. Since we caught a ball (the x we removed from the left) we can't "throw" a 0 next. We also can't throw a 1 or a 4, because there are already balls scheduled to land there. So assuming that the highest we can accurately throw a ball is to a height of 5, then we can only throw a 2, 3, or a 5. In this diagram, the juggler threw a 3, so an x goes in the third spot, replacing the -, and we have x-xx- as the new state.

The diagram shown illustrates all possible states for someone juggling three items and a maximum height of 5. From each state one can follow the arrows and the corresponding numbers produce the siteswap. Any path which produces a cycle generates a valid siteswap, and all siteswaps can be generated this way. The diagram quickly becomes bigger when more balls or higher throws are introduced as there are more possible states and more possible throws.

Another method of representing siteswap states is represent a ball with a 1 instead of an x, and represent a spot where there's no ball scheduled to land with a 0 instead of a -. Then the state can be represented with a binary number, such as binary 10011. This format makes it possible to represent multiplex states, i.e. the number 2 represents that 2 balls land on that beat.

A siteswap state diagram can also be represented as a state-transition table, as shown on the right. To generate a siteswap, pick a starting state row. Index into the row via the corresponding throw column. The state entry at the intersection is the transitioned to state when that throw is made. From the new state, one can index into the table again. This process can be repeated so that when the original state is reached, a valid siteswap will be created.

Mathematical properties

Validity

Not all siteswap sequences are valid. All vanilla, synchronous, and multiplex siteswap sequences are valid if their state transitions create a cycle in their state diagram graph. Sequences that do not create a cycle are invalid. For example, the pattern 531 can be mapped to a state diagram as shown on the right. Since the transitions in this sequence create a cycle in the graph, this pattern is valid.

There are other methods of determining a sequence's validity based on the flavor of siteswap.

A vanilla siteswap sequence where  is the period of the siteswap, is valid when the cardinality of the set  (written in Set-builder notation) is equal to the period  whereTo find if a pattern is valid, first create a new sequence formed by adding  to the first number,  to the second number,  to the third number and so on. Second, calculate the modulus (remainder) of each number with the period. If none of the numbers are duplicated in this final sequence, then the pattern is valid.

For example, the pattern 531 would produce  or . Since the pattern 531 has a period of 3, the results from the previous example would produce or . In this case, 531 is valid since the numbers  are all unique. Another example, 513 is an invalid pattern because the first step produces  or , the second step produces  or , and the final sequence contains at least a duplicate of one number, in this case a 2.

A synchronous siteswap is valid if

 it only contains even numbers and
 it can be converted into a valid vanilla siteswap using the .

otherwise it is invalid.

Swap property
New valid vanilla sequences can be generated by swapping adjacent elements from another valid vanilla siteswap sequence, adding 1 to the number being swapped to the right and subtracting 1 from the number being swapped to the left.  The swap property will convert the valid sequence  with arbitrary value , to generate the new valid sequence .

For example, the swap property performed on the inner two throws of the sequence 4413 would move the 4 to the right subtracting 1 from it to become 3 and move the 1 to the left adding 1 to it to become 2. This produces the new valid siteswap pattern 4233.

Slide property
A valid synchronous sequence can be converted to a valid asynchronous sequence and vice versa using the slide property. Given the synchronous sequence  the new vanilla sequences can be formed:  where and  whereThe slide property gets its name by sliding the throw times of one of the hands by one time unit so that the throws align asynchronously.

For example, the siteswap (8x,4x)(4,4) would create two asynchronous (vanilla) siteswaps using the slide property: 9344 and 5744.

Prime patterns
Siteswaps may be considered either prime or composite. A siteswap is prime if the path created in its state diagram does not traverse any state more than once. Siteswaps that are not prime are called composite.

A non-rigorous but simpler method of determining if a siteswap is prime is to try to split it into any valid shorter pattern which uses the same number of props. For example, 44404413 can be split into 4440, 441, and 3; therefore, 44404413 is a composite. Another example, 441, which uses three props, is prime, as 1, 4, 41, and 44 are not valid three prop patterns (as 1/1≠3, 4/1≠3, (4+1)/2≠3, and (4+4)/2≠3). Sometimes this process does not work; for example, 153 (better known by its rotation 531) looks like it can be split into 15 and 3, but checking that the cycle has no repeating nodes in the graph traversal indicates that it is prime by the more rigorous definition.

It has been shown empirically that the longest prime siteswaps bounded by height  contain mostly the throws  and . The longest prime patterns with height 22 (with 3 ball maximum), for 9 balls (with 13 maximum height), and for heights and ball counts in between, were enumerated by Jack Boyce in February 1999 using a program called jdeep. The full list of longest prime siteswaps generated by jdeep (with '0' throws represented by a '-' and maximum height throws represented by a '+') can be found here.

Mathematical connections

Connections to abstract algebra
Vanilla siteswap patterns may be viewed as certain elements of the affine symmetric group (the affine Weyl group of type ). One presentation of this group is as the set of bijective functions f on the integers such that, for a fixed n:  f(i + n) = f(i) + n for all integers i.  If the element f satisfies the further condition that f(i) ≥ i for all i, then f corresponds to the (infinitely repeated) siteswap pattern whose ith number is f(i) − i: that is, the ball thrown at time i will land at time f(i).

Connections to topology
A subset of these siteswap patterns naturally label strata in the positroid stratification of the Grassmannian.

List of symbols

Number: Relative duration (height) of a toss. 1, 2, 3...
Brackets []: Multiplex. [333]33.
Chevrons and vertical bar <|>: Simultaneous and passing patterns.
P: Pass. <333P|333P>
Fraction: Pass 1/y beats later. <4.5 3 3 | 3 4 3.5>
Parentheses (): Synchronous pattern.
 *: Synchronous pattern that switches sides. (4,2x)(2x,4) = (4,2x)*
x: Toss to the other hand during a synchronous pattern.

Programs
There are many free computer programs available which simulate juggling patterns.

Juggling Lab animator - An open source animator which was written in Java and interprets nearly all siteswap syntax.
Jongl - 3d animator capable of displaying multihand (passing) patterns.
JoePass! works on Windows, Macintosh and Wine (For Linux)
Gunswap - A web based, open source, 3d juggling animator and pattern library.

There are also some games to play with siteswap:

Siteswap Game developed by Sebi Haushofer (for Java)

See also

List of siteswaps

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

"Symmetric Passing Patterns", PassingDB.com.
DSSS: The Diabolo Siteswap Simulator, ArtofDiabolo.com.
Juggling Lab (Downloadable animator)
Gunswap Juggling (Online animator)
TWJC Siteswap Calculator (Helpful Vanilla, Multiplex and Synchronous siteswap validator)
"Staggered Symmetric Passing Patterns for 2 jugglers" by Sean Gandini (social siteswaps)

Juggling patterns and tricks
Notation
Rhythm and meter

Siteswap


دوبوفي (Дубове) هي مدينة في مقاطعة بليفين في أوكرانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 9132   نسمة.

مراجع

مدن أوكرانيا
مواقع هولوكوست في أوكرانيا

دوبوفي (بليفين)


NGC 154 este o galaxie lenticulară, posibil eliptică, situată în constelația Balena. A fost descoperită în 27 noiembrie 1785 de către William Herschel. De asemenea, a fost observată încă o dată în 10 septembrie 1831 de către John Herschel.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 153
 NGC 155

Legături externe
 NGC 154 pe WikiSky
 NGC 154 pe spider.seds.org

Galaxii
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1785
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de William Herschel

NGC 154


Teritoriul comandantului militar în Serbia (germană: Gebiet des Militärbefehlshabers in Serbien, sârbă: Vojna uprava u Srbiji) a fost un teritoriu pe care forțele invadatoare germane care au ocupat Iugoslavia au instaurat un guvern militar de ocupație. Teritoriul era constituit din Serbia Centrală, parți din Kosovo și din Banat. Reședința se afla la Belgrad.

Vezi și
 Guvernul Salvării Naționale

Serbia în secolul al XX-lea
Fondări în 1941
Desființări în 1944


Gregorio Selleri (Panicale, 12 de julho de 1654 - Brescia, 31 de maio de 1729) foi um cardeal do século XVIII

Nascimento
Nasceu em Panicale em 12 de julho de 1654. Filho de Bernardino Selleri e Eugenia Manichini. Seu nome de batismo era Giuseppe. Perdeu os pais quando era criança. Seu sobrenome também está listado como Sellari.

Educação
Foi criado e educado pelo tio materno Arcangelo Minichini, que apoiou a vocação do jovem para a vida religiosa. Ingressou na Ordem dos Pregadores (Dominicanos), em 20 de julho de 1669, no convento de Perugia, com o apoio do Bispo Reginaldo Lucarini, OP, de Città della Pieve; ele adotou o nome de Gregorio; fez sua profissão solene em 25 de julho de 1670; estudou no Collegio della Minerva , Roma (filosofia e teologia).

Sacerdócio
Ordenado, 1677 (?). Regente da escola dominicana San Tommaso , Nápoles. Foi preceptor de Camillo Cibo, futuro cardeal. Leitor na escola de S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma, 1677. Leitor e consultor no convento dominicano de Nápoles, 1682-1692. Teólogo papal e assistente do mestre do Palácio Sagrado, 1692. Professor de teologia tomista no Collegium Casanatense , 1700-1707. Secretário da SC do Índice, fevereiro de 1707. Consultor da SC dos Ritos. Mestre do Sagrado Palácio, 12 de março de 1711. Confessor do Papa Clemente XI. Contribuiu para a condenação final do jansenismo na bula Unigenitus Dei Filius. Confirmado em seus cargos pelos Papas Inocêncio XII e Bento XIII. Participou como teólogo no sínodo romano provincial de 1725.

Cardinalado
Criado cardeal e reservado in pectore no consistório de 9 de dezembro de 1726; publicado no consistório de 30 de abril de 1728; recebeu o gorro vermelho e o título de S. Agostino, a 10 de maio de 1728.

Morte
Morreu em Roma em 31 de maio de 1729, às 3 horas da manhã, em sua casa ao lado da igreja de S. Niccolò em Arcione. Exposto na igreja de S. Maria sopra Minerva, onde no dia seguinte se realizou a capella papalis, e sepultado nessa mesma igreja. Ele deixou todos os seus bens para o mestre geral de sua ordem.

Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Bento XIII
Cardeais dominicanos
Preceptores
Naturais de Perúgia

Gregorio Selleri


بلدية البلاط أو البَلَّاعة ، هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة قصرش والتي تقع في منطقة إكستريمدورة، غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 859 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن ذات اسم عربي الأصل في شبه الجزيرة الإيبيرية
أماكن مأهولة في قصرش
بلديات قصرش

البالا


يُعَد المجلس الإسلامي الشيعي الأعلى المرجعية الرسمية لدى الطائفة الشيعية في لبنان، وهو يتبع رئاسة مجلس الوزراء في الجمهورية اللبنانية، تولى تأسيسه الإمام الشيعي موسى الصدر وأقر مجلس النواب اللبناني اقتراح إنشائه عام 1967، وبتاريخ 1969 انتخبت الهيئة العامة للمجلس الإمام موسى الصدر أول رئيس للمجلس، وبعد اختفاء موسى الصدر ورفيقيه عام 1978، تولى رئاسة المجلس محمد مهدي شمس الدين إلى حين وفاته عام 2001، ويرأسه حاليا بالنيابة عبد الأمير قبلان، وله نائبان مدني وديني، وقد جاء خلفا لمحمد مهدي شمس الدين في رئاسة المجلس (بالنيابة) إلى حين وفاته عام 2021 ، وقد تأخر انتخاب رئيس أصيل للمجلس حتى الآن.

لمحة تاريخية
منذ استقلال لبنان أي من سنة 1943 إلى سنة 1959، كانت الأوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية للطائفة الشيعية تتنازعها معادلة التوازن بين مختلف الطوائف اللبنانية بحيث بقي الشيعة على الأطراف مهمّشين اقتصادياً واجتماعياً، يحاصرهم الحرمان والبؤس، ويعيشون حول العاصمة بيروت في مجمعات سكنية تفتقر إلى أبسط أشكال الحياة الأساسية، بحيث تحولت إلى مركز أساسي جاذب لكل القوى الريفية المهمشة، الأمر الذي أحدث اختلالاً جذرياً بالأدوار الملقاة على عاتق العاصمة، وأدخل انماطاً ريفية إلى المدينة محمولة بالاعتقاد الديني ومرارة العيش، وشظف الحياة وعدم العدالة الاجتماعية، ورفض سياسة الإقطاع التي كان يمارسها نظام سياسي يرتكز على مبدأ التصنيف الطائفي والمذهبي والمناطقي، ويعتمد في سلوكياته وأدبياته السياسية على الاستئثار بالسلطة والهيمنة على مختلف مرافق الدولة ومفاصلها المالية والعسكرية، في ظل إبعاد شبه كلي للطائفة الشيعية التي كانت تكابد الفقر وصعوبة الحياة، لا سيما في البقاع والجنوب حيث كانت المعاناة كبيرة بسبب تزايد الإهمال وغياب المؤسسات وقصور الدولة في تأدية واجباتها، تجاه المواطنين الشيعة الذين كانوا ضحية تواطؤ مزدوج بين السلطة والنخب المستأثرة بها آنذاك.

في ظل هذه الأوضاع، جاء الإمام الصدر إلى لبنان، وكان ذلك في سنة 1957، ليستقر فيه نهائياً سنة 1959. ويبدأ مسيرته المطلبية والإصلاحية لا سيما في ما يتعلق بحقوق الطائفة الشيعية ودورها الذي كاد أن يكون مغيباً، يؤازره في ذلك بعض المخلصين كان من أبرزهم الشيخ عبد الأمير قبلان، ومن أهم ثمرات هذه المسيرة إنشاء المجلس الإسلامي الشيعي، الأعلى، حيث أظهرت الحاجة ضرورة تنظيم شؤون الطائفة من خلال مجلس يرعاها أسوة بباقي الطوائف. وبالرغم من المعارضة داخل الطائفة وخارجها، عقد الإمام موسى الصدر مؤتمراً صحفياً بتاريخ 15-6-1966، عرض فيه آلام الطائفة ومظاهر حرمانها، مبيّناً الأسباب الموجبة لإنشاء هذا المجلس. وهكذا أتت الدعوة ثمارها وأقر مجلس النواب اللبناني اقتراح إنشائه بتاريخ 16-5-1967، وبتاريخ 23-5-1969، انتخبت الهيئة العامة للمجلس الإمام موسى الصدر أول رئيس للمجلس

برنامج العمل
وأعلن سماحته عن برنامج عمله الذي تضمن الخطوط الرئيسة الآتية:

 تنظيم شؤون الطائفة وتحسين أوضاعها الاجتماعية والاقتصادية.
 القيام بدور إسلامي كامل فكراً وعملاً وجهاداً.
 عدم التفرقة بين المسلمين والسعي إلى التوحيد الكامل.
 التعاون مع كافة الطوائف اللبنانية لحفظ وحدة لبنان.
 ممارسة المسؤوليات الوطنية والقومية والحفاظ على استقلال لبنان وحريته وسلامة أراضيه.
 محاربة الجهل والفقر والتخلف والظلم الاجتماعي والفساد الخلقي.
 دعم المقاومة الفلسطينية والمشاركة الفعلية مع الدول العربية الشقيقة لتحرير الأراضي المغتصبة، في إطار إستراتيجية عربية موحدة.

المؤسسون
 السيد موسى الصدر
 الشيخ سليمان اليحفوفي
 الشيخ خليل إبراهيم ياسين
 النائب فضل الله دندش
 النائب محمد عباس ياغي
 الرئيس صبري حماده
 النقيب رياض طه
 الرئيس حسين الحسيني
 النائب محمود عمار

وصلات خارجية
الموقع الرسمي للمجلس الإسلامي الشيعي الأعلى في لبنان

معرض الصور

</center>

المراجع

أحزاب إسلامية شيعية
أحزاب سياسية أسست في 1967
أحزاب سياسية إسلامية في لبنان
أحزاب لبنان
تأسيسات سنة 1967 في لبنان
مؤسسات الشيعة
مؤسسات لبنان

المجلس الإسلامي الشيعي الأعلى


Gustaf Sobin (* 15. November 1935 in Boston; † 7. Juli 2005 in Goult, Vaucluse, Provence) war ein US-amerikanischer Lyriker und Erzähler.

Biografisches
Sobin besuchte die Brown University in Rhode Island und graduierte 1957. Auf seinen anschließenden Reisen lernte er unter anderen Ernest Hemingway in Kuba kennen. 1960 entschloss er sich für eine Schriftstellerkarriere und zog nach Paris. Dort traf er den Lyriker René Char, der sich 1940 in der Résistance organisiert hatte und der Sobin mit seiner aphoristischen Lyrik und seinem freien Versmaß beeinflusste. Auf Chars Rat besuchte Sobin die Provence. In Goult, einem kleinen Dorf, erwarb er ein Haus, in dem er über vierzig Jahre wohnte. 1968 heiratete er die englische Malerin Susannah Bott, mit der er eine Tochter und einen Sohn hatte.

Vier Jahre später veröffentlichte Sobin sein erstes Gedicht. In den 1970er und 1980er Jahren folgten viele Gedichtausgaben und  Reiseberichte, die er zumeist privat in kleinen Auflagen veröffentlichte. Mit seinem dritten Roman The Fly Truffler erlangte er größere Bekanntheit. Gustav Sobin starb im Alter 69 Jahren an Krebs.

Werk

Sobins erster Roman Venus Blue (Venus-Blau), in dem er das 'Goldene Zeitalter' der großen Hollywood Darstellerinnen beschreibt, erschien 1991. In seinem zweiten Buch Dark Mirrors schildert er die Verstrickung eines Schriftstellers mit seinem eigenen Handlungsstrang. The Fly Truffler (Der Trüffelsucher), erschienen 1999, handelt von einem Dozenten, der sein Leben auf einem heruntergekommenen Hof fristet, eine Affäre mit einer Studentin hat und schließlich die Grenzen zwischen Realität und Imagination verliert. In seinem vierten Roman Vanishing Star (Auf der Suche nach einem verlöschenden Stern), erschienen 2003, erzählt er eine frühe Lebensphase der Schauspielerin Greta Garbo.

Gustaf Sobin veröffentlichte mehr als zwei Dutzend Lyrik-Ausgaben, vier Romane, eine Kindergeschichte und zwei Sammlungen von Essays. Auf Deutsch sind vom Autor beim Berlin Verlag Das Taubenhaus, Venusblau, Der Trüffelsucher und Auf der Suche nach einem verlöschenden Stern erschienen.

Weblinks
 Rezension
 Psyche v. G. Sobin
 Collected Poems

Einzelnachweise

Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (Vereinigte Staaten)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Lyrik
Roman, Epik
Autor
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1935
Gestorben 2005
Mann

Gustaf Sobin


Strukstrup Sogn (på tysk Kirchspiel Struxdorf) er et sogn i det sydlige Angel i Sydslesvig, tidligere i Strukstrup Herred (Gottorp Amt), nu i Strukstrup Kommune i Slesvig-Flensborg Kreds i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

I Strukstrup Sogn findes flg. stednavne:
 Aarup (Arup)
 Aarupgaard
 Balle (Bellig)
 Blæsebjerg (Blasberg)
 Boholt (Boholz) med Boholt Å
 Egebjerg (Ekeberg) ved den tidligere Egebjerg Sø
 Golbjerg ved Aarup
 Koltoft (på dansk også Kåltoft)
 Lundbjerg
 Petersborg
 Ravnholt (Rabenholz) nær ved Ravnholt Sø
 Holmølle (Höllmühle), uden gården Stade, som hører under Ølsby Sogn
 Strukstrup (Struxdorf)

Litteratur
 M. Mørk Hansen: Kirkelig Statistik over Slesvig Stift: Med historiske og topografiske bemærkninger, bind 2, Kjøbenhavn 1864, side 380

Eksterne henvisninger
 Tumby-Strukstrup Menighed / Kirchengemeinde Thumby-Struxdorf

Sogne i Sydslesvig

Strukstrup Sogn


Frank Lloyd Wright je bio istaknuti američki arhitekt, dizajner interijera, spisatelj i predavač prve polovice 20. stoljeća. Dizajnirao je više od 1.000 objekata od kojih je izgrađeno skoro 500, od kojih se oko 280 održalo do današnjeg dana. Već slavan za života, 1991. godine ga je Američki institut arhitekata (American Institute of Architects, AIA) proglasio "najvećim američkim arhitektom svih vremena".

God. 2019. UNESCO je upisao osam njegovih djela, koje je arhitekt projektirao tijekom prve polovice 20. stoljeća, na popis mjesta svjetske baštine u Sjevernoj Americi jer "predstavljaju "organičku arhitekturu" koju je razvio Wright, a koja uključuje otvoreni plan, zamagljivanje granica između vanjskog i unutarnjeg prostora i dotad neviđeno korištenje materijala kao što su čelik i beton. Svaka od tih zgrada nudi inovativna rješenja za potrebe stanovanja, bogoslužja, rada ili dokolice. Wrightov rad iz tog razdoblja imao je snažan utjecaj na razvoj moderne arhitekture u Europi".

Popis zaštićenih djela

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Zaklada Frank Lloyd Wright, službene stranice

Arhitektura u SAD-u
Građevine Franka Lloyda Wrighta
Svjetska baština u SAD-u
Moderna arhitektura

Arhitektura 20. st. Franka Lloyda Wrighta


Maria Marxer (* 11. Februar 1931 in Ruggell) ist eine liechtensteinische Politikerin (FBP).

Biografie
Nachdem Gamprin 1980 als zweite Gemeinde des Landes das Frauenstimmrecht auf Gemeindeebene einführt hatte, wurde Marxer 1983 bei den Gemeindewahlen in den Gemeinderat gewählt. Sie war damit neben der ebenfalls gewählten Elsa Oehri und der Vaduzer Gemeinderätin Emma Brogle-Sele (VU) eine der ersten Frauen in einem liechtensteinischen Gemeinderat.

Von 1987 bis 1991 war Marxer Vizevorsteherin von Gamprin. Im Anschluss amtierte sie von 1991 bis 1995 als Gemeindevorsteherin von Gamprin. Marxer war damit die erste Frau, die in Liechtenstein als Gemeindevorsteherin fungierte. Erst 2015 wurde mit Maria Kaiser-Eberle erneut eine Frau in dieses Amt gewählt.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Gemeindevorsteher (Gamprin)
Politiker (Liechtenstein)
FBP-Mitglied
Liechtensteiner
Geboren 1931
Frau

Maria Marxer


Elizabeth Spencer Allman () é uma matemática estadunidense. É professora de matemática no Departamento de Matemática e Estatística da Universidade do Alasca Fairbanks; seus interesses de pesquisa vão desde álgebra abstrata e estatística algébrica até biomatemática e filogenia.

Formação
Allman obteve um Ph.D. em 1995 pela Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles, orientada por Murray M. Schacher, com a tese Polynomials Without Roots in Division Algebras.

Contribuições
Com seu colega de Fairbanks, John A. Rhodes, Allman é autora de um livro sobre biologia matemática e modelagem matemática, Mathematical Models in Biology: An Introduction (Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Reconhecimento
Em 2012 foi eleita fellow da American Mathematical Society.

Ligações externas
Página pessoal

Membros da American Mathematical Society
Matemáticas dos Estados Unidos
Matemáticas do século XX
Matemáticas do século XXI
Matemáticos dos Estados Unidos do século XX
Matemáticos dos Estados Unidos do século XXI
Alunos da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles
Pessoas vivas

Elizabeth Allman


Michael Anderson er navnet på flere personer:

 Michael Anderson (filminstruktør), britisk filminstruktør.
 Michael Anderson (astronaut), amerikansk forsker og astronaut.

Michael Anderson


Wilsberg und der Mord ohne Leiche ist die vierte Folge der Fernsehfilmreihe Wilsberg. Die Erstausstrahlung erfolgte am 3. Februar 2001 beim ZDF. Regie führte Dennis Satin, das Drehbuch wurde von Jürgen Kehrer geschrieben.

Handlung
Wilsberg wird von Herrn Manstetten von der Münsterschen Versicherung AG beauftragt, Herbert Schering, den Besitzer einer im Münsteraner Hafen ansässigen Autowerkstatt, zu beschatten. Dieser wird verdächtigt, nächtliche Überfälle auf die auf seinem Hof abgestellten Autos seiner Klienten vorzutäuschen, um Kapital aus seiner Vandalismusversicherung zu schlagen. Wilsberg leiht sich den Wagen seines ehemaligen Klassenkameraden und guten Freundes Manfred Höch und zerschlägt einen Frontscheinwerfer, um einen Unfall vorzutäuschen, dessen Sachschaden bei Schering repariert werden soll. Dabei muss Wilsberg feststellen, dass Schering entgegen der Vermutung seiner Versicherung auf den von ihm angebotenen Versicherungsbetrug nicht eingehen will. Wilsberg lernt auf dem Hof der Werkstatt Sigi Blisko, die Gastwirtin des Pier House, eines Restaurants am Hafen, kennen, die ihn mit zurück in die Stadt nimmt.

Höch, der beim Baudezernat Münster tätig und für das Genehmigungsverfahren des Hafenprojekts Kreativkai der Hafenbau GmbH zuständig ist, trifft sich unterdessen mit dem Architekten des Hafenprojektes Heiner Geisbach zu einem Pressetermin am Hafen.

Nachts überwacht Wilsberg den Hof des Automechanikers und beobachtet zwei Männer, die sich Zutritt zu dem Grundstück verschaffen, um Höchs Wagen sowie weitere Autos zu demolieren. Er folgt den beiden bis zum Büro des Architekten Geisbach, dessen Gebäude gerade von Sigi Blisko verlassen wird. Im Büro findet er Heiner Geisbach leblos auf dem Boden liegen und stellt fest, dass dieser tot ist. Daraufhin ruft er Kommissarin Anna Springer an und wird seinerseits hinterrücks niedergeschlagen. Als Kommissarin Springer am Tatort eintrifft, kann sich Wilsberg nicht daran erinnern, wer ihn niedergeschlagen hat. Zudem ist inzwischen Geisbachs Leiche verschwunden.

Manstetten entbindet Wilsberg von dessen Ermittlungsauftrag. Das macht den Privatermittler jedoch hellhörig, der inzwischen eine Intrige der Hafenbau GmbH gegen den Werkstattbesitzer vermutet, da Schering sein Grundstück nicht verkaufen will und somit der Umsetzung des Hafenprojektes im Wege steht.

Die mit einem Reifen, der aus Scherings Werkstatt entwendet worden ist, beschwerte Leiche des Architekten taucht im Hafenbecken wieder auf. Mit Höchs Hilfe gelingt es Wilsberg, sich Zugang zu geheimen Unterlagen des Hafenprojektes aus dem Tresor des Planungsdezernenten Tumbrink der Stadt Münster, der zugleich Höchs Vorgesetzter ist, zu verschaffen, aus denen die vermutete Zusammenarbeit der Versicherungsgesellschaft mit der Hafenbau GmbH hervorgeht.

Wilsbergs Ermittlungen ergeben, dass Scherings Tochter Katharina den Architekten Geisbach zu einem Treffen überreden konnte, bei dem sie den Architekten überzeugen wollte, auf Scherings Grundstück zu verzichten. Geisbach hingegen bestand auf der Einhaltung des Vertrags, zumal ihm der Anteil von Scherings getrennt lebender Frau bereits übertragen worden war. Dies wusste Katharina, weil sie das Dokument in Geisbachs Tresor gefunden hatte, als sie dort nach der Schuldüberschreibung ihres Vaters gesucht hatte. Nachdem Katharina den Architekten erdrosselt hatte, rief sie ihren Lebensgefährten an, damit dieser ihr helfe, den Toten verschwinden zu lassen. Dazu holten die beiden einen Pick-up aus der Werkstatt ihres Vaters, fuhren die Leiche zum Hafenbecken und beschwerten die Leiche mit dem Ersatzrad des Wagens.

Katharina sowie ihr Lebensgefährte werden von Kommissarin Springer festgenommen.

Produktion

Vorproduktion
Bei der Folge Wilsberg und der Mord ohne Leiche war es erstmals möglich, sich im Rahmen des Projektes eScript an der Entstehung des Drehbuchs zu beteiligen. An dem Drehbuch arbeitete das eScript-Team bestehend aus Tanja Dopieralski, Wolfgang Grundmann und Christoph Schykowski mit. Das Projekt eScript wurde 2001 mit dem Grimme Online Award ausgezeichnet, der in diesem Jahr zum ersten Mal vergeben wurde. Das Drehbuch der Folge Wilsberg: Letzter Ausweg Mord wurde 2002 im Rahmen des Projektes eScript sogar erstmals vollständig im Internet entwickelt, was eine Premiere für das deutsche Fernsehen darstellte.

Dreharbeiten
Wilsberg und der Mord ohne Leiche wurde an 15 Drehorten in Münster und in der Umgebung gedreht. Dabei war eine 35-köpfige Filmcrew mit fünf Darstellern an zwölf Drehtagen in Münster zu Gast. Die Kosten für die Hotelunterbringung der Filmcrew belief sich in diesem Zeitraum auf 42.000 D-Mark, für die Schauspieler fielen im gleichen Zeitraum Hotelkosten in Höhe von 10.200 D-Mark an. Bei einem Spesensatz von 46 D-Mark pro Tag wurden weitere 22.080 D-Mark an die Mitwirkenden ausgezahlt. Weitere Kosten in Höhe von 5.000 D-Mark fielen für Komparsen an, während 15.000 D-Mark für Motivmieten und 3.000 D-Mark für Kraftstoff sowie Taxifahrten gezahlt wurden. Für Lebensmittel und Catering wurden 7.200 D-Mark ausgegeben, 1.000 D-Mark wurden für Büromieten gezahlt und 500 D-Mark standen für Telefonate zu Buche. Damit beliefen sich die Gesamtkosten der zwölftägigen Dreharbeiten in Münster und der Umgebung auf 105.980 D-Mark.

Es befinden sich diverse Drehorte im Stadtgebiet der Stadt Münster, die in dieser Folge 17-mal genannt wird. Im Intro des Films ist ein Gartencafé zu sehen, das für die Dreharbeiten an der Rückseite des fürstbischöflichen Schlosses in unmittelbarer Nähe zum botanischen Garten aufgebaut wurde. Es schließen sich Aufnahmen in der Frauenstraße an der Überwasserkirche an, die das Antiquariat Solder zeigen, das im Film das Antiquariat Wilsberg beherbergt. Anschließend sind Szenen zu sehen, die an der Rothenburg entstanden und im Hintergrund den Prinzipalmarkt zeigen. In den dortigen Gebäuden, in denen heute die Münster-Arkaden zu finden sind, ist die fiktive Münstersche Versicherung AG angesiedelt, aus deren Räumlichkeiten der St.-Paulus-Dom sowie der Stadthausturm zu sehen ist. Weiterhin wurde am Hafen Münster gedreht, der mit der Kulisse der Osmohallen, dem Wolfgang-Borchert-Theater sowie dem Flechtheimspeicher diente. In unmittelbarer Nähe entstanden Filmaufnahmen vom Dortmund-Ems-Kanal sowie Innenaufnahmen im Restaurant Pier House. Ebenso wurde die Leiche, die Wilsberg in einem Gebäude am Hafenweg 46 vorfindet, in dem sich das Café Wolters befindet, später ebenfalls im Hafenbecken des Münsteraner Hafens gefunden. Wie auch in der vorherigen Folge Wilsberg und die Tote im See ist Mannis Arbeitsplatz im Amtsgericht Münster zu finden, das im Film erneut das Rathaus der Stadt darstellt. Die Innenaufnahmen, die einen Paternosteraufzug zeigen, entstanden im Finanzamt für Steuerstrafsachen und Steuerfahndung in der Oberfinanzdirektion Münster am Hohenzollernring. Weiterhin werden Wilsberg und Sigi Blisko bei einem Spaziergang in der Kreuzstraße im Kuhviertel gezeigt, bei dem im Hintergrund die Überwasserkirche sowie das Blaue Haus, eine der ältesten Studentenkneipen Münsters, zu sehen sind. Von hier startet eine Verfolgungsjagd, die Wilsberg mit einem Müllfahrzeug an den Aasee zur goldenen Brücke führt, wo im Hintergrund das Firmengebäude der Westdeutschen Landesbausparkasse zu sehen ist. Im Bispinghof wurden wie bereits in der vorherigen Folge die Szenen gedreht, in der die Filmcrew für die Dreharbeiten das Polizeirevier einrichtete.

Das thematisierte Hafenprojekt Kreativkai wurde zum Zeitpunkt der Dreharbeiten tatsächlich von der Stadt Münster umgesetzt. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Überführung des bisherigen industriell geprägten Nutzungskonzepts in eine mehrheitliche Nutzung durch Betriebe mit Gastronomie, Unterhaltung und Freizeitaktivitäten als primäre Ausrichtung.

In der Folge Wilsberg und der Mord ohne Leiche ist Ina Paule Klink erstmals in der Rolle der Alex Holtkamp zu sehen. Jürgen Kehrer ist in einem Cameo-Auftritt als einer der Besucher der Präsentation des Hafenbauprojektes zu sehen. Weiterhin ist Thomas Hackenberg in einem Cameo-Auftritt als Sascha Hülsmeier, dem Inhaber der Autovermietung Fuchs, zu sehen.

Der Running Gag "Bielefeld" verweist in dieser Folge auf Wilsberg & Friends, eine Firma für Identity Consulting und Promotion mit Sitz in Bielefeld, als deren Geschäftsführer sich Wilsberg gegenüber einem im Pier House speisenden Gremium des Hafenprojekts ausgibt, das u. a. aus Frau Becker und Herrn Tombrink besteht.

Ausstrahlung und Vermarktung
Wilsberg und der Mord ohne Leiche wurde am 3. Februar 2001 beim ZDF ausgestrahlt. Dabei erhielt die Serie aufgrund der hohen Einschaltquoten der vorherigen Folgen erstmals den prominenten Sendeplatz am Samstagabend zur Hauptsendezeit.

Am 3. September 2004 wurde die Folge zusammen mit der 3. Folge Wilsberg und die Tote im See zusammen von Polarfilm auf DVD mit FSK-12-Freigabe veröffentlicht. Die DVD enthält neben den beiden Hauptfilmen als Bonusmaterial ein Making-of sowie ein Porträt über die Stadt Münster.

Rezeption

Einschaltquoten
Die Folge Wilsberg und der Mord ohne Leiche sahen bei ihrer Erstausstrahlung im ZDF etwa 5,46 Millionen Zuschauer, was einem Marktanteil von rund 16,8 % entsprach. Damit wurden an diesem Samstagabend lediglich Wer wird Millionär und die Tagesschau von mehr Zuschauern als die Ausstrahlung der Wilsberg-Episode verfolgt.

Kritik
Das Lexikon des internationalen Films urteilte, der Film sei ein "routinierter (Fernseh-)Serienkrimi".

Die Redaktion von TV Spielfilm war der Meinung, der Film sei ein "gewiefter Krimi mit westfälischem Humor", und lobte die "gewitzte Story, die durch lockere Sprüche amüsiert".

Prisma vergab drei von fünf Sternen.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Wilsberg und der Mord ohne Leiche bei beruehmtedetektive.de

Filmtitel 2001
Deutscher Film
Fernsehfilm (ZDF)
Wilsberg Und Der Mord Ohne Leiche

Wilsberg: Wilsberg und der Mord ohne Leiche


Ioan Iacob este numele purtat de mai mulți oameni:
Ioan Iacob (1876-1951), avocat, delegat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Ioan Iacob (1891-1969), învățător, delegat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Ioan Iacob Heraclid, numele adevărat al lui Despot Vodă (1511-1563)
Sfântul Ioan Iacob Românul de la Hozeva (1913-1960)

Ioan Iacob (dezambiguizare)


Fyrtøjet er en dansk stumfilm fra 1907 instrueret af Viggo Larsen.

Medvirkende

 Oda Alstrup, Prinsessen
 Viggo Larsen, Soldaten
 Robert Storm Petersen, Tjener
 Petrine Sonne, Heksen
 Waldemar Petersen, Anden tjener
 Gustav Lund, Kongen
 Clara Nebelong

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1907

Fyrtøjet (film fra 1907)