Earl of Portland is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England, firstly in 1633 and secondly in 1689. What proved to be a long co-held title, Duke of Portland, was created in 1716 and became extinct in 1990 upon the death of the ninth Duke, at which point the earldom passed to the most senior agnatic (solely male-line) cousin, namely one of the 6th degree.

First creation (1633)
The title of Earl of Portland was first created for the politician Richard Weston, 1st Baron Weston, in 1633. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1621 to 1628 and Lord High Treasurer from 1628 to 1635. He had already been created Baron Weston of Nayland in the County of Suffolk in 1628; this title was also in the Peerage of England. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He served as Joint Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. His son, the third Earl, was killed at the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665. He was unmarried and was succeeded by his uncle, the fourth Earl. He was childless and on his death in 1688, the titles became extinct.

Second creation (1689)

The title was created for a second time in 1689 in favour of William Bentinck, the Dutch favourite and close advisor of King William III. He was made Baron Cirencester and Viscount Woodstock at the same time he was given the earldom, also in the Peerage of England.

The first Earl was succeeded in 1709 by his son from his first marriage, Henry Bentinck, who became the second Earl. He had represented Southampton and Hampshire in the House of Commons. In 1716, he was created Marquess of Titchfield and Duke of Portland in the Peerage of Great Britain.

His grandson, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, was a noted politician. He was Prime Minister in 1783 and from 1807 to 1809, and he also served as Home Secretary and as Lord President of the Council. In 1801, he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Cavendish (to form Cavendish-Bentinck). He was the husband of Lady Dorothy Cavendish, daughter of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, and was a descendant on his mother's side of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

The third Duke was succeeded by his eldest son, William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland. The fourth Duke was also a politician and served as Lord Privy Seal in 1827 and as Lord President of the Council from 1827 to 1828. He married Henrietta Scott, daughter of Major-General John Scott, in 1795 and assumed by Royal licence the same year the additional surname of Scott in the manner of Cavendish-Bentinck. His eldest son and heir apparent, William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, Marquess of Titchfield, represented two constituencies in Parliament but died unmarried in 1824, 15 years before his father. The fourth Duke was therefore succeeded by his second son, William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland. The fifth Duke is remembered as a capable architect and engineer but eccentric, who excavated an underground art gallery and library under his estate at Welbeck Abbey.

The fifth Duke died unmarried and was succeeded by his first cousin once removed, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland, who was the only son from the first marriage of Lieutenant-General Arthur Cavendish-Bentinck, younger son of Lord Charles Bentinck, the third son of the third Duke. Charles' first son, also named Charles, was a maternal great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II. In 1880, the sixth Duke also succeeded his stepmother as second Baron Bolsover. He was a Conservative politician and served as Master of the Horse from 1886 to 1892 and from 1895 to 1905.

His eldest son, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 7th Duke of Portland, was also a Conservative politician and served as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1927 to 1929 and in 1932. The seventh Duke had no sons and was succeeded by his third cousin, Ferdinand Cavendish-Bentinck, 8th Duke of Portland, a great-grandson of Major-General Lord Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck, fourth son of the third Duke. The barony of Bolsover became extinct upon the death of the seventh Duke.

The great estates which had been entailed with the dukedom for generations, including Welbeck Abbey, were separated from the title by the sixth Duke, who broke the entail and created a trust which ultimately ensured that his granddaughter Lady Anne Cavendish-Bentinck inherited the ducal wealth on the death of her father, the seventh duke.

The eighth Duke was a colonial administrator in British Kenya and served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Kenya. He was childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, Victor Cavendish-Bentinck, 9th Duke of Portland, a diplomat who had served as British Ambassador to Poland. The ninth Duke's only son, William James Cavendish-Bentinck (1925–1966), died before him without issue. Upon the ninth Duke's death in 1990 at the age of 93, the dukedom of Portland and the marquessate of Titchfield became extinct.

The ninth Duke was succeeded in his other peerages by his sixth cousin, Henry Bentinck, 11th Earl of Portland. He was the great-great-great-great-grandson of Willem Bentinck, 1st Count Bentinck (1704–1774), eldest son of the first Earl from his second marriage, who had been created a Count of the Holy Roman Empire in 1732 (with a Royal licence of 1886 to use the title in England). , the titles are held by his only son, the twelfth Earl, born in Australia, who is also Count Bentinck of the Holy Roman Empire. He is an actor known by his professional name, Tim Bentinck.

Other members of the Cavendish-Bentinck family
Several other members of the Cavendish-Bentinck family have also gained distinction. Lord William Bentinck, second son of the third Duke, was a prominent soldier, politician and colonial administrator. The aforementioned Arthur Cavendish-Bentinck was a lieutenant-general in the British Army. His grandson Lord Henry Cavendish-Bentinck was a Conservative politician. Lord Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck, fourth son of the third Duke, was a major-general in the army and a Tory MP. His only son George Cavendish-Bentinck was a Conservative politician. Lord George Bentinck, fifth son of the fourth Duke, was a Tory politician. John Charles Bentinck, grandson of the Hon. William Bentinck, eldest son from the second marriage of the 1st Earl, was also a major-general in the army. His younger son Sir Henry John William Bentinck was also a noted soldier. Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, wife of the second Duke, was a wealthy heiress and collector. Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, maternal grandmother of Elizabeth II, was a Cavendish-Bentinck before marriage.

Seat
The seat of the Dukes of Portland was Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire. Welbeck Abbey and its many acres continued in the senior branch of the family (becoming Cavendish-Bentinck) through the ancestry of a daughter of the 7th Duke. The mansion was in the early 21st century restored as a family home after many years of institutional use. The Dukes of Portland also owned the village of Pegswood in Northumberland.

The traditional burial place of the Dukes of Portland at Welbeck Abbey was the churchyard of St Winifred's Church in the nearby village of Holbeck.

Place name legacies
Portland, Victoria
Portland House in London
A house of Welbeck College
Portland College in Nottinghamshire

Historical documents
Two major collections of papers of the Cavendish-Bentinck Dukes of Portland have been deposited at the department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham. A complementary archive collection has been deposited at Nottinghamshire Archives.

Earls of Portland; First creation (1633)
 Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland (1577–1635)
 Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland (1605–1663)
 Charles Weston, 3rd Earl of Portland (1639–1665)
 Thomas Weston, 4th Earl of Portland (1609–1688)

Earls of Portland; Second creation (1689)

 Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649–1709)
 Willem Bentinck (1681–1688), eldest son of the 1st Earl, died young
 Henry Bentinck, 2nd Earl of Portland (1682–1726), second son of the 1st Earl, created Duke of Portland in 1715

Dukes of Portland (1716)

 Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of Portland (1682–1726), second son of the 1st Earl
 William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland (1709–1762), eldest son of the 1st Duke
 William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (1738–1809), eldest son of the 2nd Duke
 William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland (1768–1854), eldest son of the 3rd Duke
 William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, Marquess of Titchfield (1796–1824), eldest son of the 4th Duke, predeceased his father unmarried
 William John Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland (1800–1879), second son of the 4th Duke, died unmarried
 William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland (1857–1943), grandson of Lt.-Col. Lord William Charles Augustus Cavendish-Bentinck, third son of the 3rd Duke
 William Arthur Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 7th Duke of Portland (1893–1977), eldest son of the 6th Duke, died without male issue
 Ferdinand William Cavendish-Bentinck, 8th Duke of Portland (1888–1980), great-grandson of Maj.-Gen. Lord Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck, fourth son of the 3rd Duke, died without issue
 Victor Frederick William Cavendish-Bentinck, 9th Duke of Portland (1897–1990), younger brother of the 8th Duke, dukedom became extinct upon his death
 William James Cavendish-Bentinck (1925–1966), only son of the 9th Duke, predeceased his father without issue

Earls of Portland; Second creation (1689; Reverted)
 Henry Noel Bentinck, 11th Earl of Portland (1919–1997), great-great-great-great-grandson of Willem Bentinck, 1st Count Bentinck, third son of the 1st Earl
 Timothy Charles Robert Noel Bentinck, 12th Earl of Portland (born 1953), only son of the 11th Earl

The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son, William Jack Henry Bentinck, Viscount Woodstock (born 1984).

Counts Bentinck, of the Holy Roman Empire (1732)
In 1732, the title Count Bentinck (Graf Bentinck), of the Holy Roman Empire, was created by Emperor Charles VI in the Duchy of Guelders for Willem Bentinck, the second surviving son of Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland.

 Willem Bentinck, 1st Count Bentinck (1704–1774), son of the 1st Earl of Portland and his second wife, Jane Martha Temple
 William Gustavus Frederick Bentinck, 2nd Count Bentinck (1762–1835), grandson of the 1st Count
 John Charles Bentinck, 3rd Count Bentinck (1763–1833), brother of the 2nd Count
 Charles Anthony Ferdinand Bentinck, 4th Count Bentinck (1792–1864), son of the 3rd Count
 Henry Charles Adolphus Frederick William Bentinck, 5th Count Bentinck (1846–1903), son of the 4th Count
The 5th Count Bentinck renounced the title in 1875, thus his younger brother William became the 6th Count. However, in 1886, the former 5th Count was granted a Royal Licence which allowed him and his descendants the use of the title Count (or Countess) before their Christian names.
 William Charles Philip Otto Bentinck, 6th Count Bentinck (1848–1912), brother of the 5th Count
 William Frederick Bentinck, 7th Count Bentinck (1880–1958), son of the 6th Count
 Charles Bentinck, 8th Count Bentinck (1885–1964), first cousin of the 7th Count
 Godard Adrian Henry Jules Bentinck, 9th Count Bentinck (1887–1968), brother of the 8th Count
 Henry Noel Bentinck, 10th Count Bentinck (1919–1997), grandson of the 5th Count and first cousin once removed of the 9th Count; already the 10th Count Bentinck since 1968, in 1990 he also became the 11th Earl of Portland after inheriting the English peerage from a distant cousin
 Timothy Charles Robert Noel Bentinck, 11th Count Bentinck (born 1953), son of the 10th Count; he is also the 12th Earl of Portland and is known as the actor Tim Bentinck

The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son, William Jack Henry Bentinck (born 1984), whose courtesy title is Viscount Woodstock.

Family tree

See also
 Baron Bolsover
 Bentinck family
 Bentinck family (Dutch Wikipedia)
 Duchess of Portland
 Edward Herbert (judge), created Earl of Portland in the Jacobite peerage in 1690 by James II of England while both were in exile

References

External links

 Biographies of the Earls and Dukes of Portland and their predecessors, with links to online catalogues, from Manuscripts and Special Collections at the University of Nottingham

Earldoms in the Peerage of England

Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of England
Portland
Extinct earldoms in the Jacobite Peerage
Noble titles created in 1633
Noble titles created in 1689

Earl of Portland


Negropont  (tal. Signoria di Negroponte, direktni prijevod: Gospoština Negropont) je bila križarska država na grčkom otoku Eubeji nastala nakon podjele Bizanta (Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae) poslije 4. križarskog rata.

Zapadna vlast na Negropontu uvedena je 1204. godine kao dio Ahejske Kneževine, dan poslije opsade Carigrada i uspostave Latinskog Carstva. Prema sporazumima koje su preuzeli mletački dužd Enrico Dandolo i ostali vođe četvrtoga križarskog pohoda (partitio imperii Romaniae) Serenissima je dobila sjeverne i južne dijelove otoka, ostavivši središnji dio s glavnim naseljem Halkidom Bonifaciju I. od Monferrata iz dinastije Aleramici koji je postao kralj Soluna.

Međutim, Bonifacij je preduhitrio Mlečane. Markiz Bonifacij di Monferrato je preko jednog svog baruna u proljeće 1205. okupirao cijeli otok i dodijelio ga je u feud ratnom drugu Jacquesu d'Avensesu. Međutim, prijevremenim nestankog potonjeg, malo vremena poslije markiz je podijelio teritorij u trijumvirat, na tri trećine (terzi) koje je dodijelio drugim križarima, njegovim vazalima, (svi Veronjani): Oreoi (terzero del Rio) na sjeveru otišao je Pegoraru di Mercà nuovu; Karystos (terzero di Caristo) pripao je Ravanu dalle Carceriju; Halkida (terzero della Clissura) u središnjem dijelu koncesirana je Gibertu I. da Verona (dalle Carceri). Dio grada Halkide morao je biti u rukama svih triju gospodara zajedno i nedjeljivo. Ali 1208. godine je smrću Giberta i odlaskom Pegorara koji se vratio u Italiju, Dalle Carceri je postao jedini feudalac na otoku.

U Halkidi je bio glavni grad. Bio je okružen mletačkim prekomorskim posjedima ( Stato da Màr) te je vrlo brzo pao pod utjecaj Mletačke Republike.
Gospodari trećine Halkide bili su većinom iz obitelji dalle Carceri, Pallavicini te ostali. A kad je postala mletački dominij, gospodari su bili iz obitelji Zorzi. U trećini Karystu bili su većinom iz obitelji dalle Carceri, de Cicone i da Verona. Za katalonske okupacije vladari su bili iz obitelji Fadrique, a kad je postala mletački dominij, gospodari su bili iz obitelji Zorzi. U trećini Oreoiu gospodarii su većinom bili iz obitelji dalle Carceri, da Verona i Ghisi.
Društveni slojevi bili su plemstvo, kler i puk. Državna vjera bio je katolicizam, najraširenije pravoslavlje a tu je bilo i židovskih vjernika. Država nije bila u potpunosti samostalna, nego je bila satelitska država ovisna o Mletačkoj Republici i Latinskom Carstvu (Ahejska Kneževina).

Gospoština je iskusila u potpunosti ili djelimice ponovnu bizantsku vlast, katalonsku okupaciju i na kraju prelazak u mletački dominij.

Od oko 1390. godine, otok je postao mletački prekomorski posjed, tj. kolonija kao Kraljevstvo Negropont ().
Prestalo je postojati osmanskim osvajanjem 12. srpnja 1470. godine.

Izvori

Mletačka Republika
Povijest Grčke

Negropont


64 هـ هي سنة في التقويم الهجري امتدت مقابلةً في التقويم الميلادي بين سنتي 683 و684.

أحداث
 بيعة مروان بن الحكم
 فك الحصار عن عبد الله بن الزبير
 حصار الكعبة
 خروج نافع بن الأزرق

مواليد
 المسور بن عباد التميمي
 عبد الرحمن بن زياد بن أنعم

وفيات
 أبو المهاجر دينار
 الضحاك بن قيس الفهري
 مصعب بن عبد الرحمن بن عوف
 الضحاك بن قيس
 المسور بن مخرمة
 يزيد بن معاوية

انظر أيضًا
 أحداث ومواليد ووفيات وقعت في الفترة الأولى من سنة 64 هـ
 أحداث ومواليد ووفيات وقعت في الفترة الثانية من سنة 64 هـ

مراجع

تقويم هجري

64 هـ


Metcard was the brand name of an integrated ticketing system used to access public transport in Melbourne, Australia. It was a universal ticket which allowed users to ride on the city's Metlink and Metropolitan Transit Authority network, consisting of suburban trains, trams, and buses, including the NightRider network. The Metcard was a credit card-sized ticket made out of cardboard and used a magnetic strip to store fare data. Metcard was operated by OneLink Transit Systems under a contract with the Government of Victoria which was managed by the Transport Ticketing Authority.

History

In July 1983, the Metropolitan Transit Authority was formed to integrate Melbourne's tram, train and bus services. The Metropolitan Transit Authority also integrated bus, train and tram ticketing using punch card and scratch card tickets.  Under the arrangements, the Government of Victoria collected all revenue from the sale of multi-modal tickets, which was then allocated to the various operators on the basis of an agreed formula.

Moves towards automated ticketing were first made in 1992. Tenders were called for the design, supply, installation and on-going maintenance of the system, with the OneLink Transit Consortium becoming the preferred tenderer in September 1993. The contract was signed in May 1994, with the major technology supplier being the ERG Group (now Vix Technology).

Testing of prototypes commenced in December 1993, and the roll-out of the system was carried out from August 1996 to April 1998. Public field trials were carried out on buses from 20 August 1996, and on rail services from 18 September 1996. Acceptance occurred in November 1997. The system commenced full revenue service from May 1998 at a cost of $330 million. Contractual issues between OneLink and the Victorian Government were not settled until May 2002 with the payment of up to $65 million in a staged settlement.

In 2002, Metcard replaced the functionally identical yet technically simpler punch tickets and scratchie tickets, which were easy to cheat.
In 2009, the rollout of a new smartcard ticketing system, Myki, would signal the end of the Metcard. The Metcard system was deactivated on 29 December 2012.

Controversy
Controversy surrounded Metcard at its introduction, due to cost over-runs, the abolition of tram conductors and the unreliability of ticket purchasing and validation machines. The ticket vending machines were frequently attacked by vandals (often by pouring liquids into the coin slot), and underwent several revisions to their design.

An audit released by the Victorian Government in 2001 showed over 1 in 4 (27.2%) of machines at railway stations did not work, and 11.9% of mobile equipment in buses and trams were non-operational. The State Government renegotiated with ticketing network contract operator OneLink Transit Systems to improve the service to commuters. Following these improvements, a 2002 audit showed an increase in availability of machines to 92.1% at railway stations, and 98.3% on buses and trams. Usability was also improved, with tram machines able to sell daily tickets. Furthermore, vandalism across the network dropped by 62% between 2001 and 2002.

V/Line tickets were aligned with the Metcard system in April 2006, with each V/Line ticket to stations in the Metcard area having the relevant zones printed on them. In March 2007 the Nightrider bus service was also brought under the Metcard system. and zone 3 of the system was abolished, being merged with zone 2.

The original Metcard contract with OneLink was to last nine years, expiring in March 2007. In 2005 the contract was amended to permit the system to be extended and modified as work on the replacement Myki project progressed, with the contract being able to be terminated on six months notice.

Operation

All forms of public transport could be accessed by using a single Metcard. Metcards were a time and zone based ticket, with validity periods ranging from 2 hours to yearly, and two zones covering the Melbourne metropolitan area.

When the system was in full operation, Metcards could be purchased from:
 Ticket Vending Machines at rail stations
 Ticket vending machines on board trams (coin only) and the Stony Point train
 Bus drivers
 Premium (staffed) stations
 The Met Shop (inside the Melbourne Town Hall on Swanston Street)
 Authorised Metcard outlets such as newsagencies and milk bars
 Online
 By phone

Ticket availability varied, with the sources above each stocking slightly different ranges beyond the standard two-hour, daily and seniors tickets. Availability on board buses was particularly restricted, with neither the Sunday Saver nor off-peak tickets being available from drivers. Similarly, ticket vending machines at railway stations did not stock Sunday Savers or some types of off-peak tickets. Payment options varied from coin-only (small Metcard machines on trams and at railway stations), EFTPOS, coin and some notes (large ticket machines at stations) to EFTPOS, credit card, coin and all notes (premium railway stations).

In March 2008, the new route 401 bus service from North Melbourne railway station to the Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne became the first and only bus route in Melbourne that required the purchase of a Metcard before travel.

Metcards were 'validated' when entering or exiting railway stations, and getting on trams or buses. The first validation printed an expiry date and time on the back of the ticket. Subsequent validations of most types of tickets did not print extra times but the data was intended to be used to count passenger numbers (in order to improve transport services). Revalidation of already validated tickets, whilst functionally unnecessary, was and is still required by law and occasional campaigns continue to remind passengers of this.

When transport operations were franchised, revalidation data was also used to apportion revenue share between operators. This has since been abandoned in favour of fixed percentage allocations (40% train, 40% tram and 20% bus).

With most railway stations not having ticket-operated barriers and trams not having conductors, enforcement was and is still the responsibility of roaming Authorised Officers (ticket inspectors). Authorised Officers (AOs) check that passengers have the correct ticket and, if using a concession ticket, have a suitable concession card. AOs did not issue fines directly but issued an infringement notice. The passenger then received a letter from the Department of Transport, who could issue a fine. Passengers could either pay the fine, seek an internal review, or contest it in court.

Zones and fares

Metcard tickets function within a zonal system.  Melbourne is divided into two zones: Zone 1 (Yellow) and Zone 2 (Blue). Until early 2007, there was also a Zone 3 (Red), but this was abolished by extending Zone 2 to all areas covered by Zone 3. The two zones form concentric rings, with Zone 1 comprising the inner suburbs, and Zone 2 covering the remainder of metropolitan Melbourne. Zone 3 covered the outer eastern, southern and south-eastern metropolitan area, but this area is now part of Zone 2.  Zone overlap areas exist on the borders of the zones. In these areas tickets for either zone are acceptable. The fare payable depends on the zone or zones in which the passenger travels, with higher fares for trips that include both travel zones

A separate fare and ticketing system exists for V/Line (country) services. However, since April 2006 holders of V/Line tickets to Melbourne have had access to both Zone 1 and 2 without needing to purchase another ticket. V/Line tickets to Zone 2 stations are valid for Zone 2 only. Fares in most towns just outside Melbourne were also aligned to Zone 2 Metcard prices as part of this integration.

A range of tickets was available, including two-hour, all-day, weekly, monthly and annual tickets. There were also concession tickets for students, seniors and others. In 2010, a daily Zone 1 and 2 full-fare (as distinct from concession fare) ticket cost A$2.70, and a weekly Zone 1 and 2 ticket cost A$10.40. Prices generally rise by inflation (CPI) on 1 January each year, though there have been occasional higher than CPI increases.

Transition to Myki

The Metcard system was originally scheduled to be replaced in 2008 by a contactless smart card ticketing system, called myki, which would cover all public transport in the state.
However, in February 2008, Victorian Public Transport Minister Lynne Kosky announced that the full roll out of the system would not begin until the end of 2008. Approximately 7 weeks later, the system was delayed for approximately another 2 years, with an announcement that the service was now scheduled to begin its roll out in 2009, but not be fully operational until some time in 2010. The system was finally introduced on 29 December 2009, but only for metropolitan train services, and was introduced on bus and tram services on 25 July 2010.

The two systems would coexist until the transition was complete. Metcard equipment was able to support a similar system based on re-usable RFID touch cards for use by public transport staff and other pass holders, however this provided neither the flexibility nor advantages intended to be available under by the myki system.

The new system was announced as a touch on / touch off system, where two validations are required per journey; one when boarding and again when alighting, similar to the London Underground's Oyster card system. This means passengers would have a single card and be charged for the actual fare used (flat rate fare). This is unlike Metcard where passengers who travel into different zones at different days and times may need to buy several types of Metcards beforehand.

Touch on / touch off has both benefits and costs. On the one hand, it allows fares to be automatically calculated, always giving the passenger the cheapest fare option and special off-peak fares to encourage travel during quiet times could be implemented, which is impossible with Metcard. The main disadvantage would be to passengers who do not touch off and who would therefore be charged the total fare for the trip they might have taken.

Following the change of government in November 2010, an enquiry was held into the future of myki, with various options considered including whether to proceed with it, modify its introduction, or scrap it altogether and retain Metcard. In June 2011, the Victorian Government confirmed that the roll-out of myki would continue and that Metcards would no longer be available after December 2012.

Withdrawal

The withdrawal of the Metcard system commenced on 2 January 2012 with the end of online and over-the-phone sales of Metcards, and the removal of yearly Metcards from sale. Other points of sale and Metcard types were progressively removed as Myki sales were introduced Melbourne-wide.  Metcard validators at railway stations were also progressively removed, while the process of replacing Metcard gates with Myki gates began.

By November 2012, only short-term Metcards (one day or less) could be purchased, and only on board trams and buses. Unused and partially used Metcards could still be used.

All remaining Metcards were withdrawn from sale at 3:00 am on 29 December 2012. From this date, remaining Metcard equipment was closed for use. Unused and partially used Metcards were no longer valid tickets.

During early 2013, the remaining Metcard gates at railway stations were replaced with Myki gates, while all other remaining Metcard equipment was progressively removed.

Below are some of the milestones of the withdrawal of Metcard:

 On 2 January 2012, the withdrawal of Metcard began, with the ending of online and over-the-phone sales of Metcards, and the withdrawal of yearly Metcards from sale.
 From January to March 2012, Myki sales from vending machines were rolled out across Melbourne metropolitan railway stations, major tram stops and bus interchanges.
 From late January to late July 2012, Metcard machines were shut down and removed from Melbourne metropolitan railway stations, commencing with Flagstaff Station in the week of 30 January - 3 February and culminating with the last Metcard vending machine being removed from Southern Cross station during the week of 23–27 July.  Metcard vending machines at other locations were also withdrawn during this time period.
 From February to April 2012, Metcards were progressively withdrawn from sale at retail outlets as Myki sales were progressively introduced.
 Weekly and monthly Metcards were withdrawn form sale on 26 March 2012, followed by "value" Metcards (all multi-period, Sunday Saver and off-peak daily Metcards) on 2 July.
 From late August 2012, Metcard sales at premium station ticket offices were progressively replaced by Myki sales or top ups, starting at Williamstown Station in the week of 27 August, and ending at Flagstaff station on 12 October.
 Starting at Flagstaff station on 12 October 2012, Metcard/Myki hybrid barriers at railway stations were progressively replaced with Myki-only barriers. This process is scheduled to continue through until March 2013.
 On 1 November 2012, the PTV Hub (Met Shop) in Swanston Street had ceased its Metcard sales which were replaced by Myki Devices.
 On 12 November 2012, the TTA announced that the progressive removal of Metcard validators at railway stations had commenced on a station-by-station basis. All railway station validators were removed by mid-December.
 Friday, 28 December 2012, was the final day of Metcard sales on trams and buses, as well as all other Metcard use. After this date, Metcard ticket vending machines on trams have been de-activated, meaning that passengers needed to have a Myki before boarding, or risk a fine.
 Starting from 29 December 2012, Metcard equipment including validators on buses and trams were de-activated after its switch off, meaning Melbourne bus passengers have to purchase a Myki before boarding.
 Starting from 1 February 2013, Metcard equipment including validators on buses were removed and the new Myki only top-ups and in mid February 2013, Metcard ticket machines and validators on trams were removed and replaced by the full Myki transition.
 On 30 June 2013, PTV ceased its Metcard refund and transfer to Myki service, which had allowed people with unused or partly used Metcards to transfer their remaining value to a new or existing Myki card.

See also
 Automated fare collection

References

External links
 Metlink fares & tickets – official website
 PTUA – Your Rights on Melbourne's Public Transport
 PTUA – Ticketing & Smartcard FAQ

Fare collection systems in Australia
Public transport in Melbourne
1998 establishments in Australia
2012 disestablishments in Australia

Metcard


Tiger Flowers (Camilla, 5 de agosto de 1895 - Nueva York, 16 de noviembre de 1927) fue un boxeador estadounidense que ostentó el título de campeón mundial en la categoría de peso mediano. Fue ingresado al Salón Internacional de la Fama del Boxeo en el año 1993.

Trayectoria
Inició su carrera profesional a la edad de 23 años en la ciudad de Filadelfia, mientras trabajaba en un astillero naval. Después de permanecer invicto en 25 combates, fue derrotado por "Panamá" Joe Gans a finales de 1921.

Ya para 1924 era considerado el retador principal de Harry Greb por el título de peso mediano por la revista The Ring. Sin embargo, a finales de 1825 Flowers fue derrotado por Mike McTigue, campeón de la categoría de peso semipesado, a través de  una decisión dividida muy polémica ya que muchos expertos consideraron a Flowers como el legítimo ganador.

En el mes de febrero de 1926, obtuvo la oportunidad de retar al campeón mundial de peso mediano, Harry Greb, en el Madison Square Garden de Nueva York. Mientras transcurrían los asaltos, el combate se degeneró en una serie de acciones ilícitas por parte de ambos peleadores. El resultado fue a favor de Flowers quien se convirtió en el primer afroamericano en ser investido como campeón mundial de boxeo en esa categoría.

Greb consiguió la revancha ante Flowers el 19 de agosto, pero volvió a ser derrotado. Posteriormente, Flowers enfrentó en la segunda defensa de su título a Mickey Walker en Chicago a finales del año, y perdió su cetro en otra controvertible decisión de los jueces que llegó a ser investigada por la Comisión Atlética de Illinois, aunque el resultado no sería modificado.

Mientras era negociada la revancha ante Walker, para el mes de noviembre de 1927 fue sometido a una operación en la que sería removido tejido de sus ojos, pero falleció en el procedimiento.

En vida, Tiger Flowers era una persona austera y muy religiosa. Fue conocido como el "diácono de Georgia", y también se dice que llevaba una Biblia cuando subía al cuadrilátero. Un estimado de 75.000 personas, sin distinción de razas, observaron el recorrido de su féretro en la ciudad de Atlanta, Georgia.

Referencias

Boxeadores de Estados Unidos
Campeones mediano de boxeo
Miembros del Salón Internacional de la Fama del Boxeo

Tiger Flowers


Howard Overing Sturgis (Londres, 1855 - Windsor, Berkshire, 7 de febrero de 1920) fue un escritor estadounidense.

Vida y obra
Sturgis nació en 1855, siendo el hijo más joven de Russell Sturgis (1805–1887), un rico comerciante de Boston, Massachusetts. Uno de sus hermanastros fue el escritor Julian Sturgis (1848–1904). Como invitados de su familia, conoció siendo niño a Henry Adams, William Makepeace Thackeray y Henry James, siendo este último un amigo personal y mentor para Howard. Sturgis creció en Inglaterra con todas las comodidades y estudió en el Colegio Eton y la Universidad de Cambridge; tras la muerte de sus padres, compró una propiedad cerca de Eton y allí recibía a menudo, junto con su pareja William Haynes-Smith, a un amplio círculo de amigos, entre los que se contaban Henry James, Edith Wharton y George Santayana.

Sturgis escribió tres novelas, de las que dos tratan sobre la homosexualidad. Su primera novela, Tim: A Story of School Life, se editó de forma anónima en 1891 (traducida al alemán ya en 1895 con el título Tim), que se basa en sus desafortunadas experiencias en Eton. La tercera novela, Belchamber, de 1904, se considera su obra maestra, pero al contrario que sus dos primeras novelas, no tuvo éxito comercial y, a excepción de Wharton, tampoco fue bien recibida por su círculo de amigos; por lo que permaneció como la última gran obra de Sturgis. Solo publicaría una historia corta hasta su muerte.

Un contemporáneo gay, una generación más joven, E. M. Forster (1879–1970), escribió un opúsculo sobre Sturgis; por otra parte, el Tim de Sturgis se puede considerar un precursor del Maurice de Forster, que ya estaba escrito en 1913/14 (22 años después de la aparición de Tim), pero que solo se publicó en 1971 de forma póstuma.

Obra
 Tim: A Story of School Life, 1891 (novela)
 All That Was Possible, 1895 (novela epistolar)
 Belchamber, 1904 (novela)
 On the Pottlecombe Cornice, 1908 (historia corta)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Howard O. Sturgis en glbtq.com
Libros escaneados de Sturgis en Internet Archive

Escritores de Londres
Escritores de Estados Unidos del siglo XIX
Escritores de Estados Unidos del siglo XX
Escritores en inglés
Escritores gais
Homosexuales de Estados Unidos
Personas homosexuales de Reino Unido
Nacidos en Londres

Howard Overing Sturgis


Ali (Alexander) Rahbari (persa, علی رهبری, nacido en Teherán en 1948) es un compositor y director de orquesta iraní, que dirigió a más de 120 orquestas europeas, incluyendo la Orquesta Filarmónica de Berlín.

Rahbari estudió violín y composición con Rahmatollah Badiee y Hossein Dehlavi en el conservatorio de música nacional de Persia. Desde la edad de 17 años fue violinista de la Orquesta de la Administración de Bellas Artes. Después, gracias a una beca, se trasladó a Austria. Allí continuó sus estudios de composición y dirección en la Academia de Viena con Gottfried von Einem, Hans Swarovsky y Karl Österreicher.

Algunos meses después de volver a Persia (Irán), en 1973 se convirtió en director del Conservatorio de música nacional de Persia y en 1974 director del Conservatorio de Música de Teherán hasta 1977. Aquel año emigró a Europa. Ese mismo año ganó el primer premio de la Competición internacional de Besanzón para jóvenes directores, Francia. En 1979 dirigió la Orquesta Filarmónica de Berlín y en 1980 fue ayudante de Karajan en el Festival de Pascua de Salzburgo. Desde 1988 hasta 1996 Rahbari fue el director principal de la Orquesta Filarmónica de la Radio y Televisión Belga y después se convirtió en director musical de la Orquesta Filarmónica de Zagreb.
En 2005 regresó a Irán para interpretar la Novena Sinfonía de Beethoven en Teherán; muchos conservadores y los periódicos acusaron a Rahbari de promocionar valores occidentales. Dimitió de la Orquesta sinfónica de Teherán y abandonó Irán como signo de protesta ante la industria musical de Irán.

Composiciones selectas
 Concierto para violín persa "Nohe Khan"
 Beirut, para nueve flautas
 Música por los Derechos Humanos
 Ballets persas

Referencias

 "Persian Musicians" (vol. 1); por Pejman Akbarzadeh. Navid-e Shiraz Publications, Tehran/Shiraz, 2000.

Enlaces externos

  Página web oficial

Compositores de Irán
Directores de orquesta
Músicos de Irán del siglo XX
Músicos de Irán del siglo XXI
Nacidos en Teherán

Ali Rahbari


O Campeonato Baiano de Futebol de 2023 foi a 119ª edição da competição, realizado no estado da Bahia e organizado pela Federação Baiana de Futebol.

O Bahia que após dois anos voltou a disputar a final do campeonato baiano. O  não só garantiu a classificação à fase final com antecipação, quando venceu o  na sétima rodada, como também garantiu a primeira colocação por antecipação, quando venceu o Doce Mel pela oitava rodada.. Nesse jogo também, o  foi o primeiro à confirmar o rebaixamento à segunda divisão de 2024. A  foi o segundo time a se classificar para a fase final, quando venceu o  pela oitava rodada. Na última rodada, mais dois times se classificaram: O  venceu em casa a  e não só se classificou, mas também garantiu o segundo lugar para enfrentar a própria Juazeirense. O  foi o último clube a se classificar, quando venceu o  em casa para enfrentar o próprio Bahia na semifinal. Além disso, também na última rodada o  foi o segundo time a ser rebaixado para a segunda divisão, quando perdeu fora de casa por 3 a 0 para o . Nas semifinais, os times de melhores campanhas se classificaram para as finais. O primeiro,  se classificou vencendo por 4 a 2 no agregado o , perdendo o primeiro jogo por 1 a 0 e vencendo em casa pro 4 a 1. O segundo,  venceu os dois jogos contra a , 1 a 0 e 3 a 0, vencendo por 4 a 0 no agregado e se classificando par a final.

Regulamento
As dez equipes disputam a Primeira Fase em turno único. Os quatro melhores colocados avançam à semifinal. Os último colocado é rebaixado diretamente e o penúltimo será rebaixado em caso da 2ª Divisão ter 10 equipes ou mais.

Em caso de empate entre duas ou mais equipes, serão adotados estes critérios de desempate:
 Maior número de vitórias;
 Maior saldo de gols;
 Maior número de gols marcados;
 Confronto direto;
 Menor número de cartões vermelhos recebidos;
 Menor número de cartões amarelos recebidos;
 Sorteio.

Semifinal e Final são disputadas no sistema mata-mata em jogos de ida e volta. Em caso de empate entre duas ou mais equipes, serão adotados estes critérios de desempate:
 Melhor saldo de gols no confronto;
 Disputa de pênaltis.

O campeão disputará a Copa do Nordeste de 2024 e a Copa do Brasil de 2024; o vice-campeão e o terceiro colocado disputarão a Copa do Brasil de 2024. A segunda vaga para disputar a fase de grupos da Copa do Nordeste de 2024 será da equipe melhor qualificada pelo Ranking da CBF. A terceira vaga na competição regional, que será para a Fase Pré, virá da segunda equipe melhor qualificada pelo Ranking da CBF. As três equipes melhores posicionadas na classificação geral da competição terão direito de disputar a Série D de 2024 desde que não sejam integrantes doutras séries do Campeonato Brasileiro.

Equipes participantes

Promovidos e rebaixados

Informações das equipes

Primeira fase

Jogos
Para ler-se a tabela, a linha horizontal representa os jogos da equipe como mandante. A coluna vertical indica os jogos da equipe como visitante.

Jogos "clássicos" estão em negrito.

 Vitória do mandante.

 Vitória do visitante.

 Empate.

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 Fase final

Em itálico, as equipes que possuem o mando de campo no primeiro jogo do confronto e em negrito, as equipes classificados.

 Semifinais Jogos de idaJogos de volta Final Jogo de idaJogo de volta Premiação

Técnicos

 Estatísticas
 Artilharia

 Público
 Maiores públicos
Estes são os dez maiores públicos do campeonato:

 Menores públicos
Estes são os dez menores públicos do campeonato:

Médias de público
Estas são as médias de público dos clubes no campeonato. Considera-se apenas os jogos da equipe como mandante e o público pagante:

 Classificação Geral

 Seleção do campeonato Craque do Campeonato: Cesinha ()Craque da Galera: Cesinha ()Artilheiros: Cesinha () e Everaldo ()Revelação: Jan Pieter ()Gol mais bonito: Caíque ()Melhor árbitro: Diego Pombo LopezMelhores assistentes: Daniella Coutinho e Luanderson LimaMelhor preparador físico: Dalton Borges ()Time mais disciplinado: '''

Ver também
 Campeonato Baiano de Futebol de 2023 - Segunda Divisão
 Campeonato Baiano de Futebol Feminino de 2023

Ligações externas

Campeonato Baiano de Futebol
Futebol de 2023 na Bahia

Campeonato Baiano de Futebol de 2023


Inga Jankauskaitė (Kaunas, 10. siječnja 1981.) litavska je glumica, pjevačica i pijanistica.

Karijera
Jankauskaitė je bila DJ na radio postajama Kauno fonas i Ultra vires. Nakon što je 1997. diplomirala na Glazbenoj akademiji Juozas Naujalis, studirala je na Litvanskoj akademiji za glazbu i kazalište od 1999. do 2002. i 2004. do 2005. godine.

Bila je članica glazbene grupe L+.

Godine 2007. sudjelovala je u TV reality showu Žvaigždžių duetai i osvojila drugo mjesto sa svojim partnerom Česlovasom Gabalisom . U satiričnoj informativnoj emisiji Dviračio šou glumi "plavu djevojku". Trenutno je Jankauskaitė također trenerica u TV emisiji The Voice of Lithuania i voditeljica u TV emisiji Žvaigždžių duetai (Dueti zvijezda).

Značajnije uloge

Kazalište
 2001. – Berta u King Kongo dukterys Theresie Walser, Naujosios dramos akcija
 2004. – Marija Stiuart u Mariji Stiuart Friedricha von Schillera, Litavsko nacionalno dramsko kazalište
 2005. – Liza u Demonaiju. Nelabieji. Apsėstieji. Kipšai. Fjodora Dostojevskog, Litvansko nacionalno dramsko kazalište
 2006. – Rožė u Mažasis princas Antoinea de Saint Exupéryja, Litavsko nacionalno dramsko kazalište
 2007. – Julija u Meilė ir mirtis Veronoje
 2008. – Odrė u Vilnius - Dakaras

Filmovi
 2004. – Pušelė u Vienui vieni
 2010. – u Zero2 (nominiran za Sidabrinė gervė)
 2013 – Kaip pavogti žmoną
 2017. – Zero3
 2017. – Trys Milijonai
 2019 – Ir visi jų vyrai

TV
 2007.–2008. – Mėta u Nekviesta meilė
 2017.–2018. - Lietuvos Balsas sudac/trener
 2019. - Lietuvos balsas - sudac/trener senior

Izvori

Litavski umjetnici

Inga Jankauskaitė


Toshio Shimakawa (født 28. maj 1990) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Oita Trinita.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Toshio Shimakawa


Unterhegenau ist ein Gemeindeteil des Marktes Colmberg im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Der Weiler liegt am Furtgraben, einem linken Zufluss der Altmühl. 0,5 km nordwestlich liegt das Lange Strichfeld, 1,25 km nordwestlich der Sauberg (), 0,5 km südwestlich der Rehbühl (), 0,75 km südlich im Heiligenholz der Eichelberg.

Die Kreisstraße AN 2 führt nach Obersulzbach (1,5 km östlich) bzw. nach Oberhegenau zur Staatsstraße 2245 (1,5 km westlich). Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Unterfelden (2,3 km südwestlich).

Geschichte
Im 16-Punkte-Bericht des brandenburg-ansbachischen Oberamts Colmberg aus dem Jahr 1608 wurden für Unterhegenau fünf Mannschaften verzeichnet, die alle das Kastenamt Colmberg als Grundherrn hatten. Das Hochgericht übte das Vogtamt Colmberg aus. Im 16-Punkte-Bericht des Oberamts Colmberg aus dem Jahr 1681 waren die grundherrschaftlichen Verhältnisse für Unterhegenau unverändert. Jedoch übte das brandenburg-bayreuthische Schultheißenamt Markt Bergel über einen Hof das Hochgericht aus.

Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gab es in Unterhegnau 6 Anwesen (3 Höfe, 2 Halbhöfe, 1 Gut). Das Hochgericht übte nun das Schultheißenamt Markt Bergel über den ganzen Ort aus. Die Dorf- und Gemeindeherrschaft hatte das Vogtamt Colmberg inne. Alle Anwesen hatten das Kastenamt Colmberg als Grundherrn. Neben den Anwesen gab es noch kommunale Gebäude (Hirtenhaus, Brechhaus).

Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justizamt Leutershausen und Kammeramt Colmberg.

Im Rahmen des Gemeindeedikts wurde Unterhegenau dem 1808 gebildeten Steuerdistrikt Binzwangen und der 1810 gegründeten Ruralgemeinde Binzwangen zugeordnet. 1836 beantragten die Bewohner von Unterhegenau die Umgemeindung nach Obersulzbach. Dies wurde genehmigt unter der Auflage, die dabei entstehenden Kosten von 250 fl. zu tragen. Daraufhin wurde der Antrag zurückgezogen. Am 1. Mai 1978 wurde Unterhegenau im Zuge der Gebietsreform nach Colmberg eingemeindet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Maria (Obersulzbach) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Johannis (Rothenburg ob der Tauber) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Colmberg)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Weiler in Mittelfranken

Unterhegenau


Ciclul lui Baal (cunoscut și ca "Ciclul lui Baal" și Anat sau "Ciclul lui Baal și Mot") este o epopee mitologică antică, care relatează povestea zeilor Canaanului (inclusiv Fenicia) și Ugaritului. Ciclul lui Baal este considerat mitul central al civilizației din Ugarit și principala creație poetică din Ugarit scrisă în secolele al XV-lea - al XII-lea î.e.n. (Epoca bronzului târziu). Poemul aruncă o lumină asupra credințelor și gândirii religioase a locuitorilor din Ugarit și permite accesul la cunoașterea vieții și obiceiurilor canaanenilor și fenicienilor.

Orașul antic Ugarit, capitala unui mic regat pe coasta de est a Mediteranei, se afla în apropierea actualului oraș Latakya din Siria.
Creația, care a fost descoperită în Biblioteca marelui preot din orașul Ugarit, este scrisă în semne cuneiforme pe șase tăblițe de lut (și încă un număr de cioburi ) care s-au conservat mai mult sau mai puțin bine. Tablițele sunt catalogate de la KTU 1.11. până la KTU  1.2
Cyclul cuprinde 2350 rânduri în 1500 versuri poetice, redactate de scribul regal Ilimilku. Stilul său este cel poetic narativ.

Eroii principali ai poemului sunt:
El - zeul suprem al panteonului canaanean, descris în arta locală ca un rege șezând pe tron; Baal - zeul ploilor, al furtunii și al fertilității;Anat  sora devotată a lui Baal, zeița războiului și a vânătorii, care îi sare acestuia în ajutor; zeul Yam, al mărilor și râurilor; Mot, zeul mortii și al tărâmului subpământean (infernul).

În centrul acțiunii se află un război și o confruntare între zei pentru controlul și stăpânirea pământului. Baal și Anat se luptă împotriva zeilor Yam și Mot.
Când sunt pe cale să învingă forțele pozitive, Baal și Anat, oamenii au parte de viață, ploaie și fertilitate, iar când înving Yam și Mot, care sunt forțe negative, oamenii cad pradă secetei, sterilității, molimilor, inundațiilor, undelor de tsunami, și morții. Yam este perceput în mod deosebit ca un zeu demonic, și acest caracter se concretizează și prin natura ajutoarelor sale - cumpliții monștri ai mării.

Subiectul

Yam pune stăpânire pe conducerea lumii
Zeul suprem El , creatorul lumii, dorește să înscăuneze pe unul din urmașii săi ca rege peste Pământ. Unul dintre candidați. zeul Ashtar (Athtar), al aștrilor cerului, descris ca un tiran, ocupă tronul în mod arbitrar. Yam-Nahar, zeul mărilor și al fluviilor, reușește să-l detroneze pe Ashtar, și trimite un sol la zeul El cu cererea de a-i porunci lui Kothar-wa-Khasis, zeul meșteșugurilor, să-i zidească un palat pe culmea muntelui Sapan (în ebraică:Tzafon) ca să-și întărească domnia.
Din relatarea zeiței soarelui Shapash (Shamash), luminătoarea zeilor, reiese că El este de partea lui Yam și crede că acesta este cel mai potrivit pentru a domni peste pământ. Shapash îi spune lui Ashtar să se împace cu starea de lucruri. Lui Ashtar nu-i rămâne decât să-și deplângă soarta.
În continuare Yam rămâne să se confrunte cu zeul Baal Hadad, zeul furtunii, al agriculturii, care și el pretinde coroana Pământului. Baal caută refugiu la adunarea zeilor, dar Yam pe urmele lui, trimite soli cerând ca Baal și slujitorii  săi să-i fie predați. El îi instruiește pe soli să nu îngenuncheze în fața zeilor.
Zeii care se ospătau au băgat de seamă că solii lui Yam stau în picioare cu obrăznicie și trufie. Zeii se tem, și își apleacă capetele, pentru care primesc mustrări din partea lui Baal. Zeul El consimte la vorbele solilor, după care Baal va deveni robul lui Yam. Baal, mânios, ia un cuțit ca să-i omoare.
Surorile sale, Anat și Ashtart (în ebraică:Ashtoret), îl iau de mână și îl liniștesc, spunându-i că nu avea rost să-i ucidă pe soli, fiindca ei își fac datoria față de stăpânul care i-a trimis

Baal pornește la luptă și îl răpune pe Yam
Baal îi anunță pe trimișii lui Yam că are de gând să-l provoace la luptă pe stăpânul lor, iar Yam acceptă sfidarea. Monștrii marini trimiși de Yam - crocodilul cel mare (Tnn- ca ebraicul Tanin), balena Leviatanul și balaurul  cu șapte capete (Shalyat), sunt omorâți, însă de către Anat, și cei doi zei, Baal și Yam, încep să se lupte unul cu altul.(După o altă tăbliță, Baal era cel care i-a ucis pe monștri). Mai întâi, Yam inundă pământul cu apă sărată și distruge recoltele, numai că sora sa, Shafash, zeița soarelui, este de partea lui Baal, și îl ajută pe acesta să usuce pământul.
Kothar-wa-Khasis , zeul meșteșugar, îi făurește lui Baal niște ghioage fermecate, care îl vor ajuta în lupta cu Yam. Aceste ghioage se numeau Igrash sau Yagrush (urmăritoarea) și Imar sau Aymur (conducătoarea). Igrash îl lovește pe Yam în umeri și piept, iar Imar în atinge în frunte, între ochi, iar Yam cade la pământ. Baal îl prinde și îl omoară.
Ashtart îl mustră, însă, pe Baal, pentru încălcarea eticii războiului, care interzice omorul prizonierilor. Baal este proclamat rege al zeilor și stăpân unic al pământului.
Baal își sărbătorește victoria printr-un ospăț cu carne și vin, însoțit, cum se obișnuia, de cântece și instrumente muzicale.

Continuă totuși lupta cu încă un număr de dușmani. Anat ia parte și ea.

Unsă cu smoală de către șapte fecioare, Anat descinde și îi ucide pe adversarii rămași ai lui Baal, în locuri din cele mai diferite: la poalele muntelui, în vale, între orașe, și până și în propriul ei palat. O face cu inima "umplută de râs." Apoi se îmbăiază în roua cerului și în ploaia trimisă de fratele ei, Baal. Descrierile scenelor de măcel sunt foarte naturaliste.
Se povestește cum Anat se scaldă până la genunchi în sângele oștenilor, și până la grumaz în mațele luptătorilor. Ea își împodobește cureaua cu mâinile învinșilor și capetele lor îi slujesc de mingi.
La un moment dat, istovit de atâtea lupte, Baal se odihnește pe Muntele Sapan cu soțiile sale (Pidray, Tallay, Arsay).  Îi trimite lui Anat, pe solul său credincios, Gapan-va-Agar,(uneori se considera că e vorba de doi soli - Gapan si Ugar, vezi A. Negoiță p.198) cu rugămintea să oprească războiul, promițându-i, în schimb, să-i destăinuie tainele universului, "graiul pomului și șușuitul pietrei" și "murmurul  cerului" (A. Negoiță p.200)
Anat, văzându-l, se teme că vine să-i vestească moartea lui Baal, dar el o liniștește și îi transmit rugămintea.

Surse

Victor Kernbach Dicționar de mitologie generală, Editura Albatros, București, 1983
Athanase Negoiță, Constantin Daniel - Gândirea feniciană în texte, Bibliotheca Orientalis,  Editura științifică și enciclopedică
L.Delaporte - "Phoenician mythology" in  'New Larousse Encyclopedia  of Mythology, Crescent Books, New York, 1989
Noga & Guy Darshan - Hamitologia Hakenaanit, colecția "Mitosim" (Mituri), Editura "Mapa" ,Tel Aviv 2009 (în ebraică)

Legături exterioare

The Ugaritic Baal Myth, table fourth - Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative -Wiki

Lectură suplimentară
Mark S.Smith The Ugaritic Baal Cycle:Volume 1, Introduction with Text and Translation, Commentary of KTU 1.1-1.2, Brill, Leyden, New York 1994
the Ugaritic Myth of Baal  by Lilinah Biti Anat, 1995-1997, with translations following M.Smith

Note

Mitologie feniciană
Epopei
Canaan
Istoria Siriei
Arheologie

Ciclul lui Baal


قصة حبيبين هو البوم للفنان العراقي كاظم الساهر، تم إصداره عام 2002 من إنتاج شركة روتانا.

قائمة الأغاني

 دلع - 2:53-من كلمات كريم العراقي-الحان-كاظم الساهر
 ضلي زيدي  - 3:50-من كلمات كاظم الساهر-الحان-كاظم الساهر
 تقولين  - 4:55-من كلمات مانع بن سعيد العتيبة-الحان-كاظم الساهر
  عيد وحب  - 3:44-من كلمات كريم العراقي-الحان-كاظم الساهر
  كان صديقي  - 8:53-من كلمات كريم العراقي-الحان-كاظم الساهر
  اشرب مر  - 3:36-من كلمات كريم العراقي-الحان-كاظم الساهر
  لو أننا لم نفترق - 5:03-من كلمات فاروق جويدة-الحان-كاظم الساهر
 يا لالا  - 4:13-من كلمات كاظم الساهر-الحان-كاظم الساهر
  موحرام - 4:54-من كلمات الملتاع-الحان-كاظم الساهر
 هانت عليك  - 3:30-من كلمات كاظم السعدي-الحان-كاظم الساهر
 يا ناس  - 4:05-من كلمات كريم العراقي-الحان-كاظم الساهر
 يدك  - 5:28-من كلمات نزار قباني-الحان-كاظم الساهر

ألبومات 2002
ألبومات خليجية
ألبومات كاظم الساهر

قصة حبيبين


Bakraç, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Afşin ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Eski adı Arıstıl'dır. Arıstıl kelimesi Ermenice olup Bakraç olarak değiştirilmiştir.
30 Kasım 1992 tarihinde belediye statüsü alarak beldeye dönüştü. 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş il merkezine 155 km, Afşin ilçesine ise 5 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 YerelNET

Afşin'in mahalleleri
6360 sayılı yasaya göre kaldırılan belediyeler

Bakraç, Afşin


Ralliement peut désigner :
 Ralliement (catholicisme en France)
 Ralliement créditiste
 Place du Ralliement
 Chant de Ralliement

Voir aussi
 Alliance
 Groupe parlementaire

Ralliement


Aeroflot Flight 1492 var en planlagt russisk indenrigsflyvning fra Sheremetyevo International Airport i Moskva til Murmansk Airport i Murmansk. Ruten blev den 5. maj 2019 betjent af et fly af typen Sukhoj Superjet 100, der efter starten rapporterede problemer for derefter at vende tilbage til lufthavnen, hvor flyet nødlandede ca. en halv time efter starten. Ved nødlandingen kollapsede flyets understel og vinger og den bagerste del af skroget brød i brand. 41 af de i alt 78 ombordværende omkom.

Det konkrete hændelsesforløb, der ledte til ulykken er endnu ikke afklaret.

Ulykken
Flyet lettede fra Sjeremetevo med kurs mod Murmansk kl. 18:02 lokal tid (kl. 15:02 UTC). Efter starten blev flyet angiveligt ramt af et lyn, hvorefter flyets piloter stoppede opstigningen i 9.000 fods højde kl. 18:02 lokal tid (kl. 15:02 UTC) og rapporterede tab af radiokommunikation, og herefter sendte nødkald via flyets transponder og returnerede herefter til Sjerementevo for at nødlande. Flyets piloter forsøgte at lande flyet i Sjerementevo på trods af, at flyets vægt inklusive last og brændstof på dette tidspunkt var 42,6 ton, hvilket er 1,6 ton over den tilladte vægt ved landing. Flyets første landingsforsøg mislykkedes. Under det andet forsøg ramte flyet landingsbanen med stor kraft (+2.55G "hoppede" et par meter op igen, inden flyet ramte igen ramte landingsbanen med endnu større kraft (+5.85G), hvorefter flyet igen gik i luften (ca. 7-8 meter op), inden flyet ramte jorden igen for tredje gang. Flyet ramte jorden for tredje gang med en kraft på mere end +5G, hvorefter landingsstellet kollapsede, og vinger og den bagerste del af skroget brød i brand.

Flyet udbrændte. Ruslands myndigheder har oplyst, at der var 5 besætningsmedlemmer og 73 passagerer ombord på flyet, hvoraf 41 omkom ved ulykken, heraf ét besætningsmedlem.

De to sorte bokse er blevet fundet. Den ene (CVR indeholdende kommunikation) er i god behold, men den anden (FDR indeholdende data om flyvningen) er beskadiget af den voldsomme varme i forbindelse med branden. Der pågår udlæsning af data fra de sorte bokse.

Flyet
Flyet var en russisk Sukhoj Superjet 100-95 med registreringsnummer RA-89098 og serienummer (MSN) 95135. Flyet fløj første gang i 2017.

Undersøgelse og årsag
De russiske myndigheder har åbnet en undersøgelse af årsagerne til ulykken.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Aeroflot confirms engine fire on flight SU1492 Moscow-Murmansk 05 May 2019
 Flightradar24 data regarding Aeroflot flight 1492

Flyulykker og -hændelser i 2019
Moskva
Sukhoj
Aeroflot
Flyulykker og -hændelser i Rusland

Aeroflot Flight 1492


Goraždevac (, ) is a village near the city of Peja in Kosovo. It has been inhabited since at least the thirteenth century, when it was mentioned in the chrysobull of Stefan Nemanja (or his son, Stefan the First-Crowned).

History
During World War II, 47 Serbs and Montenegrins were killed in the village in 1941 by Albanian paramilitaries. As a Serb-inhabited enclave in a heavily Albanian-inhabited region of western Kosovo, Goraždevac has been the scene of ethnic tensions between the two communities. It was the scene of attacks by the guerilla group, the Kosovo Liberation Army, in the late 1990s as they fought the Serb military forces, accused of committing atrocities against the Albanian population. After the end of the Kosovo War in June 1999, many of its population of around 2,000 Serbs fled attacks by Albanian militants, though some later returned. The population today is said to be around 850 people.

In June 2003, Veselin Besović from Goraždevac was sentenced by an international court in Peja to serve seven years in prison for crimes allegedly committed in the villages of Čuska and Zahać. He has appealed.

According to the 2011 census in Kosovo, the village had 570 people, of whom 255 were Serbs (44.7%), 148 were Albanians (25.9%), 139 Roma and Egyptians (24.4%), 26 Bosniaks (4.6%) and 2 others. The census was partially boycotted by the Serb population.

2003 Goraždevac murders

Goraždevac, a village in Kosovo, has faced repeated attacks from unidentified assailants since the Kosovo War ended. The village is one of several Kosovo Serb enclaves that receive continuous protection from KFOR troops. In August 2003, tragedy struck as a 19-year-old Serbian teenager and a 12-year-old boy lost their lives, and four other children sustained injuries from gunfire while swimming in the Bistrica near Goraždevac. This attack occurred shortly before 200 Kosovo Serb refugees were set to return to their homes. However, the return plans were abruptly halted due to the incident. Although the blame was initially placed on Albanians, the actual culprits remain unidentified.

See also
 Kosovo Serbian enclaves

References

Villages in Peja
Serbian enclaves in Kosovo

Goraždevac


Teucrium luteum es una especie de planta herbácea de la familia Lamiaceae originaria de la región del Mediterráneo meridional donde se encuentra en matorrales y pastizales calcícolas de montaña..

Descripción
Es una planta perenne  y ascendente o casi rastrera, verde grisácea, con hojas más o menos lineares, provistas de profundas lobulaciones en su mitad apical. Los glomérulos, que son simples y terminales, tienen en conjunto un aspecto amarillento muy característico, que contrasta con el tono grisáceo del resto de la planta y están formados por flores con corola de color amarillo cremoso y cálices cubiertos de pelos largos poco ramificados.

Taxonomía
Teucrium luteum fue descrita por (Mill.) Degen y publicado en  Fl. Veleb. 2: 587, en el año 1937.
Etimología
Teucrium: nombre genérico que deriva del Griego τεύχριον, y luego el Latín teucri, -ae y teucrion, -ii, usado por Plinio el Viejo en Historia naturalis, 26, 35 y  24, 130, para designar el género Teucrium, pero también el Asplenium ceterach, que es un helecho (25, 45). Hay otras interpretaciones que derivan el nombre de Teucri, -ia, -ium, de los troyanos, pues Teucro era hijo del río Escamandro y la ninfa Idaia, y fue el antepasado legendario de los troyanos, por lo que estos últimos a menudo son llamados teucrios. Pero también Teucrium podría referirse a Teûkros, en latín Teucri, o sea Teucro, hijo de Telamón y Hesione y medio-hermano de Ajax, y que lucharon contra Troya durante la guerra del mismo nombre, durante la cual descubrió la planta en el mismo período en que Aquiles, según la leyenda, descubrió la Achillea.

luteum: epíteto latino que significa "de color amarillo".
Variedades aceptadas
Teucrium luteum subsp. contortostylum (Sennen) T.Navarro & Rosua
Teucrium luteum subsp. flavovirens (Batt.) Greuter & Burdet
Teucrium luteum subsp. gabesianum (S.Puech) Greuter
Teucrium luteum subsp. luteum
Teucrium luteum subsp. mesanidum (Litard. & Maire) Greuter & Burdet
Teucrium luteum subsp. xanthostachyum (Maire & Wilczek) Greuter & Burdet
Sinonimia
Polium luteum Mill.

Referencias

luteum
Flora de la cuenca mediterránea

Teucrium luteum


A liga Nogometnog saveza općine Zadar, također i kao 'Općinska "A" nogometna liga Zadar, A liga Zadarskog nogometnog saveza je predstavljala prvi stupanj općinske nogometne lige u organizaciji NSO Zadar, te ligu petog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1977./78.  Sudjelovalo je 12 klubova, a prvak lige je bio "Goran" iz Bibinja.

Ljestvica

 ljestvica bez rezultata jedne utakmice
 "Ciglar" iz Nina odustao tijekom sezone

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Unutarnje poveznice
 Dalmatinska liga 1977./78.
 Liga NSO Šibenik 1977./78.
 Međuopćinska liga Dubrovnik – Metković – Korčula – Lastovo 1977./78.
 Međuopćinska liga Split – Makarska 1977./78.
 B liga NSO Zadar 1977./78.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori
 arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr, "Slobodna Dalmacija", Godina 1977.
 arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr, "Slobodna Dalmacija", Godina 1978.
 arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr, "Slobodna Dalmacija", br. 10318, god. XXXVI, izdano 8. lipnja 1978., str. 10 (22. kolo, ljestvica), pristupljeno 26. listopada 2020.
 arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr, "Slobodna Dalmacija", br. 10324, god. XXXVI, izdano 15. lipnja 1978., str. 10 (zaostala utakmica), pristupljeno 26. listopada 2020.

1977-78 A
Zadar
1977-78 Zadar

A liga NSO Zadar 1977./78.


Paraúna es un municipio del estado de Goiás, en  Brasil. Su población estimada en 2007 era de aproximadamente 12 033 habitantes.

Topónimo
"Paraúna" es un término de origen tupí y significa "mar quieto".

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página de la prefectura

Localidades de Goiás

Paraúna


කිරි වෙහෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පොළොන්නරුව පිහිටි පුරාතන ස්ථූපයක් වේ. එය ලංකාතිලක ප්‍රථිමා මන්දිරයට උතුරු දෙසින් වන්නට ඉදිකොට තිබේ. අඩි 80ක් පමණ උසැති ස්ථූපය පොළොන්නරුවේ ආලාහන පිරිවෙනට අයත්ය.

ඉතිහාසය
ඉතිහාසය පිළිබඳව පැහැදිලි සාධක නොමැති වූවද, මෙම ස්ථූපය පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජුගේ (1153-1186) බිසවක වූ සුබද්‍රා දේවිය විසින් ඉදිකෙරූවක් බැව් විශ්වාස කෙරේ. එසේම ස්තූපය ආරම්භයේදි රූපවතී ස්තූපය නමින් හැඳින්වූ බවද පැවසේ.

ස්ථූපය
උස ප්‍රමාණය අනූව කිරි වෙහෙර පොළොන්නරුවේ පිහිටි දෙවැනි උසම ස්ථූපය සේ සැළකේ. එසේම එය වසර 900 ක පමණ කාලයක් ස්වභාවික බලපෑම් යටතේ, මුල් ඉදිකෙරූ ස්වරූපයෙන්ම බදාම ආලේපිත තට්ටුව ඉතිරිව පවතින ස්ථූප අතුරින් එකක් සේ සැළකේ. මීට අමතරව කිරි වෙහෙර වටා කුඩා ස්තූප ප්‍රමාණයක් දැකගත හැකි වන අතර එම ස්තූප, හිමිවරුන් හා රාජකීයයන් වෙනුවෙන් ඉදිකෙරූ ඒවා බැව් තහවුරුකොට තිබේ. කෙසේ නමුදු කිරි වෙහෙර ඇතුළුව, මෙහි වූ ස්තූප බොහොමයක් නිදන් හොරුන් විසින් විනාශ කොට තිබූ බවද සඳහන් වේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

පොළොන්නරුව දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ බෞද්ධ සිද්ධස්ථාන
පොළොන්නරුව දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරක

පොළොන්නරුව කිරි වෙහෙර


Die Ritter und Schenken von Schmalegg, nach 1243 auch von Winterstetten, waren ein schwäbisches Adelsgeschlecht. Die Stammburg des ursprünglich welfisch-staufischen Ministerialengeschlechts, das seit der Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts urkundlich belegt ist, war die Burg Schmalegg bei dem Ortsteil Schmalegg der Stadt Ravensburg im Landkreis Ravensburg in Oberschwaben.

Stammliste

Eppo (Eberhard) von Schmalegg († um 1148)
Konrad von Schmalegg (1147–1156)
Rudolf von Schmalegg
...
Heinrich I. von Schmalegg († um 1218) ⚭ Mathilde von Kallendin, ⚭ Mechtilde von Pappenheim
Konrad von Schmalegg († zwischen 1243 und 1250) ⚭ 1218 Irmgard von Winterstetten
Heinrich II. von Schmalegg († um 1296)
Konrad von Schmalegg-Biegenburg
Heinrich von Schmalegg-Biegenburg
Guta von Schmalegg-Biegenburg
Heinrich von Schmalegg-Ittendorf
Ulrich von Schmalegg-Ittendorf
Heinrich von Schmalegg-Ittendorf (um 1352)
Ursula von Schmalegg-Ittendorf ⚭ 1397 Ulrich Ritter von Hörningen
Albert von Schmalegg
Johannes von Schmalegg
Albrecht von Schmalegg
Konrad von Schmalegg-Winterstetten
...
(?) Schenkin von Winterstetten (1786–1879) ⚭ (?) Freiherr Schenk zu Schweinsberg
Rudolf von Schmalegg-Tanne († um 1280)
Hermann von Schmalegg-Otterswang († um 1296)
Ulrich von Schmalegg-Otterswang
Eberhard von Schmalegg
Ulrich von Winterstetten
Mathilde von Schmalegg
Gutta von Schmalegg
Elisabeth von Schmalegg
Engelburg von Schmalegg ⚭ zwischen 1241 und 1244 Heinrich II. von Biegenburg († um 1270)

Erloschene Linien
 Schmalegg (1. Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts erloschen)
 Schmalegg-Winterstetten (2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts erloschen)
 Schmalegg-Tanne (2. Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts erloschen)
 Schmalegg-Otterswang (1. Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts erloschen)

Lebende Linien
Keine im Mannesstamm.

Wappen
Das Stammwappen der Ritter von Schmalegg wird als ein dreieckiger, nach rechts geneigter Schild beschrieben, der ein auf Goldgrund liegendes Gebilde zeigt, das als Wolfsangel bzw. Mauerhaken gedeutet werden kann. Auf der linken oberen Ecke des Schilds sitzt ein Topfhelm, aus dem ein nach hinten gebogenes Horn herausragt. Das Horn trägt drei kleine Schilde die wiederum den Mauerhaken zeigen und mit je drei Pfauenfedern besetzt sind. Von diesem Wappen wurde das frühere Gemeindewappen von Schmalegg abgeleitet.

Burgen im Besitz der Familie
Zu den Burgen des Hauses Schmalegg gehörten:
 Burg Schmalegg in Schmalegg, Stammburg der Familie
 Burg Winterstetten in Winterstettenstadt
 Biegenburg in Blitzenreute
 Burg Ittendorf in Ittendorf
 Burg Otterswang in Otterswang
 Burg Hohentann in Alttann
 Burg Neutann in Wolfegg
 Burg Bermatingen in Bermatingen

Persönlichkeiten
 Konrad von Schmalegg
 Ulrich von Winterstetten

Literatur
 Josef Schmid: Das schöne Schmalegg. Heimatbuch. Alfons Holzschuh, Ravensburg 1963
 Moritz Johner: Die Ritter und Schenken von Schmalegg In: Kulturbeiblatt des Oberschwäbischen Anzeiger (1931–1932)

Weblinks

 Informationstafel auf dem Schlossbüchl von Schmalegg
 Informationstafel auf dem Schlossbüchl von Schmalegg

Einzelnachweise

Deutsches Adelsgeschlecht
Schwäbisches Adelsgeschlecht
Stammliste
Ersterwähnung im 12. Jahrhundert

Schmalegg (Adelsgeschlecht)