Professional Women's Network (PWN) este o organizație internațională care promoveaza egalitatea de șanse în domeniul businessului și în domeniul  societății prin dezvoltarea profesională și prin crearea de rețele internaționale și transindustriale, online. PWN este o organizație non-profit care sprijină femeile din întreaga lume să-și atingă obiectivele profesionale prin dezvoltare - conectare - comunicare. PWN este susținută de cotizațiile anuale și de parteneriatele strategice.

Date generale
PWN  oferă o platformă unică pentru conectarea  profesionistiilor, cu domenii asemenatoare, din întreaga lume; pentru a dezvolta abilitățile și competențele și pentru a împărtăși experiența și cunoștințe.  Membrii  comunității globale PWN  poț accesa o rețea profesională globală pregătită la nivel mondial, care ii poate ajuta  să  isi atinga aspirațiile in carieră.

Învăța din diverse surse (evenimente locale, îndrumare, forumuri, seminarii web și conținut dinamic) cum isi pot  dezvolta cariera și pot influența echilibrul de gen la nivel global .

PWN are ca obiective  o mai bună luare a deciziilor, sustenabilitate economică și o societate mai fericită, prin utilizarea a 100% din talentul lumii.

Doreste sa creeze o mișcare a oamenilor care  să accelereze ritmul actual al schimbării către o conducere echilibrată de gen.

Există pentru a conecta oamenii prin rețeaua globală unică, inspirând liderii de astăzi să formeze lideri de mâine.
Membrii comunității globale PWN se pot sprijini reciproc,  vor învăța lucruri noi  care vor crea planuri de acțiune durabile pentru un viitor cat mai egal in leadership .
Beneficiind de 100% din talentul mondial va avea ca rezultat o mai bună luare a deciziilor și o societate mai durabilă și mai fericită din punct de vedere economic.

PWN isi propune sa aiba impact asupra femeilor si barbatiilor, familiile acestora ; corporatiile si instituții de colaborare, instituții academice; alte rețele, forumuri și susținători ai egalitatii de sanse în conducere .

Valorile pe care PWN își bazează existența sunt: respect ,curaj ,gratitudine,inteligenta colaborativa excelenta , talent și progres .

Atribuții
	Întâlniri și împărtășirea  ideilor  cu oameni dintr-o gamă variată de industrii, niveluri de vechime și locații geografice - prin intermediul platformei online sau la evenimente locale face-to-face  .

Crearea de aliante si dezvoltarea afacerilor  împreună într-o situație sigura si profesionala .

Dezvoltarea cunoștintelor  și abilităților  .

Construirea și perfecționarea abilităților și competențelor practice.

	600 de evenimente fizice, în întreaga lume, în fiecare an.

Forumuri interactive pentru membrii PWN

Rețele globale online avansate, precum și rețele locale de tip face-to-face

	Oportunități de voluntariat - o modalitate excelentă de a-ți construi abilitățile într-un mediu sigur

	Programe de mentorat online sau la nivel local .

	Programe internaționale de mentorat virtual pentru liderii de vârf .

	Implicarea în proiecte finanțate de UE, cum ar fi proiectul "ME-ToTEM Mentoring."

	Ofera  acces la cele mai recente cercetări privind conducerea echilibrată a genurilor.

	Colaborarea , dezvoltarea si impartirea celor mai bune practici pentru a ajuta organizațiile să angreneze  bărbații în dezvoltarea femeilor.

	Furnizeaza  servicii exclusive pentru liderii executivi

	Parteneriate strategice cu alte rețele și evenimente, inclusiv Forumul femeilor, SAIS, WIN, JUMP, WiL, NASEBA, Global Summit, GWAL

Organizații

O federație formată din mai multe rețele cu sediul central în țările în care președinții au dreptul de vot. PWN Global conectează mii de membri în rețelele naționale: *Amsterdam ,* Barcelona , *Bruxelles ,* București ,  *Copenhaga , *Dublin , *Frankfurt , *Istanbul , Londra , Lisabona , Lyon ,*Madrid ,* Marsilia-Provence ,* Milano , *Muntenegru , *Nisa-Côte d'Azur ,*Oslo ,* Paris ,*Roma ,  *Sao Paulo ,*Stockholm , *Viena , *Varșovia și  Zug și Zurich

Profesional Women's Network România

O cercetare largă arată că un set larg de beneficii pentru afaceri este asociat cu diversitatea de gen . Aceasta include o performanță financiară îmbunătățită , omai buna punere valoare a acționarilor, o creștere a satisfacției clienților și a angajaților, o creștere a încrederii investitorului și o mai bună cunoaștere și reputație a pieței.

În prezent, femeile ocupă doar 15% din funcțiile de conducere în societățile cotate la bursă din Uniunea Europeană și doar 2% dintre acestea sunt directori generali. Un aspect negativ se observă și în România, unde chiar mai puține femei sunt promovate în calitate de directori .

Este necesară o abordare holistică pentru a sprijini femeile să spargă plafonul de sticla și să-și dezvolte cariera. Mai multe părți pot contribui la acest lucru

Companiile ar trebui să promoveze transferul de cunoștințe, să urmeze cele mai bune practici pentru atragerea  populatiei  în cadrul procesului de egalizare a sanselor pe piata muncii
Diferite programe care sprijină femeile în carieră, cum ar fi cele de mentorat și coaching, ar aduce beneficii mari în această direcție.

Guvernul este cel care poate oferi cel mai bun sprijin prin elaborarea unor politici care să faciliteze accesul femeilor la funcțiile de vârf
PWN România urmează o abordare sistemică în sprijinirea membrilor săi individuali în procesul de accelerare a carierei. Oferă instruire de mentorat, coaching și leadership, asistă companiile în elaborarea programelor de diversitate de gen și sprijină orice politică publică care urmărește să ofere femeilor acces la poziții de luare a deciziilor.

Note

Legături externe

https://europa.eu/european-union/index_ro
http://www.me-totem.eu/
https://www.pwnglobal.net/
https://pwnbucharest.net/
http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/

Vezi și

https://europa.eu/european-union/index_ro
http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/
https://www.pwnglobal.net/
https://pwnbucharest.net/
http://www.me-totem.eu/
http://www.me-totem.eu/welcome-to-the-me-totem-project/
https://www.simplilearn.com/leadership-vs-management-difference-article

Feminism
Egalitatea de gen
Organizații internaționale

Professional Women's Network


Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis er en landkreis i delstaten  i Rheinland-Pfalz i Tyskland.

Kreisen ligger i den lave bjergkæde Hunsrück, og den grænser op til Rhinen.

Simmern er hovedby, men byen Boppard er den befolkningsmæssigt største.

lavprislufthavnen Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn ligger i den vestlige del af kreisen.

Geografi
Landkreisen omfatter omfatter landskabet på den vestlige side af  Mittelrheins mellem byerne Oberwesel og Boppard og den centrale og østlige del af  Hunsrück med Soonwald mod syd i området.
Højeste punkt er  Simmerkopf der er 653 moh.

Nabokreise
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis grænser (med uret fra nord) til landkreisene Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich og Cochem-Zell.

Byer og kommuner
Landkreisen havde   indbyggere pr.

 Boppard, by ()
Forbundskommuner (Verbandsgemeinden) med tilhørende kommuner:
(* markerer administrationsby)

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officielt websted

Rheinland-Pfalz' geografi
Landkreis i Rheinland-Pfalz

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis


Bağdat Sultan Camii (Sultan Melikşah Camii)
 Berat Sultan Camii (Sultan Bayezid Camii)
 Manisa Sultan Camii
 Sultan Camii (Kazan)
 Sultan Camii (Singapur)

Sultan Camii


Rob (estilizada como ¡Rob!) es una serie estadounidense de comedia que se estrenó en la cadena CBS el 12 de enero de 2012. En Latinoamérica se transmitirá a través de Comedy Central Latinoamérica. Las estrellas de la serie son Rob Schneider, junto a Cheech Marin, Claudia Bassols, Diana-Maria Riva, Eugenio Derbez, Ricky Rico, y Lupe Ontiveros. El show fue producido por The Tannenbaum Company y CBS, la misma que produce la exitosa serie Two and a Half Men. El , la CBS canceló la serie.

Sinopsis
La serie sigue a Rob (Rob Schneider), un soltero de toda la vida, que se casa con Maggie (Claudia Bassols), una chica que viene de una muy unida familia mexicano-estadounidense.

Reparto

Episodios

Producción
El piloto apareció por primera vez en la CBS como desarrollo de la pizarra en octubre de 2010. El 4 de febrero de 2011, CBS hizo un pedido piloto, escrito por Rob Schneider y Lew Morton, y dirigido por Jamie Widdoes. La serie fue producida ejecutivamente por Schneider, Morton, Kim Tannenbaum y Eric Tannenbaum. Ocho episodios fueren solicitados y emitidos para la primera temporada.

Referencias

Series de televisión de CBS
Series de televisión iniciadas en 2012
Series de televisión de Estados Unidos de los años 2010
Series de televisión finalizadas en 2012

¡Rob! (serie de televisión)


Aurelius Belei (n. 4 octombrie 1971 , Brăila) este un prozator român contemporan de science fiction, fantasy și realism magic. Este membru fondator al Cenaclului de Arte Vizuale și Literatură de Anticipație "Sfera" din Brăila (infiintat pe 17 ianuarie 1993)

Activitate literară
A debutat în 1993 în revista Jurnalul SF cu schița Techno-Love, dedicată lui Freddie Mercury . În decursul timpului a colaborat cu numeroase publicații și periodice de gen: Jurnalul SF, Anticipația CPSF, cotidianul "Libertatea", fanzinele "Sfera" (Braila), Satelit-STRING (Bucuresti ) cotidianul "Telegraful" (Piatra Neamt), suplimentul "Themis Art Magazin" si "Super Nova" (Iasi) almanahul Anticipația.
A debutat editorial în anul 1998, cu volumul de proză science-fiction Technoficțiuni, la editura Tritonic.

Opera
 "Technoficțiuni" (1998) – Editura Tritonic (schițe și povestiri)

Premii
premiul III-HELION 1993 (Timisoara) - Alpha Borealis
premiul II-revista MAGAZIN 1994 (Bucuresti) - Invingatorul ia totul
premiul I-SEGRA 1994 (Slatina) - Pseudo-genesis
mentiune QUO VADIS? 1994 (Giurgiu) - Silvomatul
premiul editurii MULTISTAR- Atlantikron 1994 (Cernavoda) - Genetic-Game
premiul STAR TREK 1996 (Buzau) - schita
premiul european "…A la Nuit Noire" (Franta - 1995) - "Techno-love (space requiem)

Antologii
 În colecția anuală Fantasticul Mileniului III - editura Granada (antologie realizată de  Mihail Grămescu impreună cu Adina Lipai) tradusă în maghiară, sârbă, franceză, rusă, germană și engleză
 România SF 2001 (ProLogos, 2001)

Aparitii in periodice

 1995 - Almanahul Anticipația

 508, 510 - Colecția Povestiri Științifico Fantastice, Anticipația.

Traduceri
 1995 - "TECHNO-LOVE (space requiem) - "Temps Tot 35 (CANADA) trad. Mihai-Dan Pavelescu
 1995 - "TECHNO-LOVE (space requiem) "…A la Nuit Noire" (FRANTA) trad.Nicolae C.Ariton

Nașteri în 1971
Nașteri pe 4 octombrie
Brăileni
Scriitori români în viață
Scriitori români de literatură științifico-fantastică
Scriitori români din secolul al XXI-lea

Aurelius Belei


Pavel Řehák (født 7. oktober 1963) er en tidligere tjekkisk fodboldspiller og træner.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Tjekkiet

Pavel Řehák


බුද දින එසේත් නැත්නම් බුධදා යනු, කුජදා සහ ගුරුදා අතර දවස වේ. බුධදා හිරු උදාවේ ඇරඹෙන මෙම දවස ගුරුදා හිරු උදාව සමග අවසන වේ.

ආශ්‍රිත
 බදාදා

මූලාශ්‍ර

සූර්ය දවස්

බුදදා


Román Eduardo Martínez  (nacido el 5 de marzo de 1988 en El Paso, Texas) es un jugador de baloncesto que tiene la doble nacionalidad Mexicana y estadounidense.

Es internacional por México, equipo que consiguió la clasificación para el Campeonato Mundial de Baloncesto de 2014 y el primer lugar histórico del Campeonato FIBA Américas de 2013 derrotando a la Selección de baloncesto de Puerto Rico en la final.

Su abuelo, Francisco "Kiko" Martínez ganó la medalla de bronce para la Selección mexicana en 1936, logrando que aquel equipo se volviera una leyenda en la nación, pues es la única medalla internacional que ha ganado alguna selección de basquetbol de México.

En la temporada 2011/12 jugó 8 partidos en la Liga ACB y 3 en la Eurocup, pero tras la 8ª jornada fue cortado por el Gran Canaria 2014, que volvió a cederlo al UB La Palma, como había hecho la temporada anterior.

Actualmente tiene contrato por dos temporadas más con los Soles de Mexicali.

En sus años en la Universidad de New Mexico Promedió 8.7 puntos, 4.7 rebotes , 1.5 asistencias y 1.0 robos en 133 partidos en 4 años, a 25.5 minutos en cada juego. En su último año, logró 13.9 puntos, 6.0 rebotes y 1.5 robos por juego.

Con los Soles de Mexicali la temporada pasada promedió 14.4 puntos, 5.5 rebotes, 2.5 asistencias y 1.7 robos en 52 partidos. Logró una efectividad de .548 del campo y .328 desde los triples y .679 desde los libres. Los Soles terminaron con marca de 31 ganados y 9 perdidos en temporada regular y avanzaron en cuartos de final y cayeron en semifinales.

Fue de los mexicanos más productivos en el torneo y declarado con mención honorífica al final de la campaña (entre los mejores 20 jugadores del torneo).

Trayectoria
 High School. Montwood (Texas, Estados Unidos).
 New Mexico (2006-2010)
 UB La Palma (2010-2011)
 Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria (2011)
 UB La Palma (2011-2012)
 Soles de Mexicali (2012-2014)
 Bàsquet Club Andorra (2014)
 Soles de Mexicali (2015)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en acb.com

Nacidos en El Paso (Texas)
Baloncestistas de Texas
Baloncestistas de México
Baloncestistas de los New Mexico Lobos
Baloncestistas de la Liga ACB
Baloncestistas de la Liga LEB
Baloncestistas de la Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional de México
Baloncestistas del Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria
Baloncestistas de la Unión Baloncesto La Palma
Baloncestistas del Bàsquet Club Andorra
Baloncestistas de los Soles de Mexicali
Premio Nacional del Deporte (México)

Román Eduardo Martínez


Agrilus discolor é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Fåhraeus in Boheman, 1851.

Referências

discolor

Agrilus discolor


Bon sau Bön este o religie tibetană diferită de budismul tibetan,  deși împărtășește aceleași învățături și terminologii generale. A apărut în secolul al XI-lea  și scripturile sale se bazează în principal pe învățăturile ascunse  termas și viziuni ale unor învățați (terön), cum ar fi Loden Nyingpo. Deși învățăturile terma ale religiei  Bon conțin mituri despre Bon existente înainte de introducerea budismului în Tibet, "adevărata «religie veche» a fost o nouă religie".

Religia Bon a fost fondată de Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche.

Referințe și note

Tibet
Religie

Bon (religie)


Zakaria Labyad (Utrecht, Países Bajos, 9 de marzo de 1993) es un futbolista marroquí que juega como centrocampista en el F. C. Utrecht de la Eredivisie. Anteriormente jugó con la selección sub-17 de los Países Bajos, pero acabó representando a la selección sub-23 de Marruecos.

Carrera en clubes

P. S. V. Eindhoven
Habiéndose formado en la cantera del PSV, en enero del 2010, Labyad extendió su contrato con este club hasta el verano del 2012. Antes de incorporarse al PSV, Labyad jugó con el USV Elinkwijk. Debutó con el primer equipo el 25 de febrero de 2010, en un encuentro de la Copa de la UEFA contra el Hamburgo S. V., tras sustituir a Otman Bakkal en el minuto 71. Tres días más tarde debutó en la Eredivisie, tras sustituir a Balázs Dzsudzsák en un encuentro contra el R. K. C. Waalwijk. El 18 de abril de 2010, jugó por primera vez en el once inicial en un encuentro en casa contra el F. C. Groningen. En este mismo encuentro, anotó sus primeros dos goles con el PSV. En el último partido de la temporada 2009-10, volvió a jugar desde el primer minuto en el empate 1-1 contra el A. Z. Alkmaar.

Durante la temporada 2010-11, Labyad jugó principalmente como sustituto. Tras la salida de Ibrahim Afellay al F. C. Barcelona, empezó a ganar más minutos en cancha. Anotó su primer gol en la temporada 2011-12 el 25 de agosto de 2011, en un encuentro contra el Ried austriaco, el que además, fue su primer gol en una competición UEFA. Luego anotó dos goles en la KNVB Beker contra el VVSB, al que vencieron por 8-0. Diez días más tarde convirtió el primer gol en la victoria 2-0 contra el N. E. C. Nijmegen, encuentro en el que solo jugó los últimos trece minutos. A finales del mes de octubre anotó de manera continuada al F. C. Lisse y al F. C. Twente, en la KNVB Beker y en la Eredivisie, respectivamente. Tras esto volvió a convertir el 26 de noviembre del mismo año, en un partido contra F. C. Groningen por la liga doméstica; además de convertir cuatro días más tarde el 3-0 contra el Legia Warszawa en la UEFA Europa League, victoria con que el PSV aseguró el primer puesto en el grupo C. Tras esta anotación mantuvo una sequía goleadora que se prolongó por un poco más de dos meses, hasta que el 5 de febrero de 2012 anotó el primer gol contra el Heracles Almelo; que en el segundo tiempo consiguió empatar con un tanto de Everton. Un mes después, el 21 de marzo del mismo año, abrió el marcador en la victoria 3-1 contra el S. C. Heerenveen por las semifinales de la Copa de los Países Bajos, lo que les dio el acceso a la final. En la final de la misma el PSV venció 3-0 al Heracles Almelo, con lo que se coronó campeón del campeonato, siendo el primer torneo que ganó Labyad con el club.

Debido a sus buenas actuaciones en el club neerlandés, Labyad, y tras haber negado la contratación días antes, fue contratado por el Sporting de Lisboa el 19 de abril de 2012 en una transferencia libre con un contrato de cuatro años. En el último encuentro de la temporada su equipo venció al S. B. V. Excelsior 1-3, acabando en el tercer lugar de la tabla, lo que definió su clasificación a la Liga Europea de la UEFA 2012-13 desde la fase de play-offs.

Sporting de Lisboa
Finalmente el 2 de julio de 2012, Labyad firmó por cinco años por el Sporting. Con su nuevo club debutó el 19 de agosto de 2012, en el empate 0-0 contra el Vitória por la Primera División de Portugal, encuentro en el que ingresó en el minuto setenta y dos por Gelson Fernandes.

Vitesse
En 2014 pasa a préstamo al Vitesse por 18 meses, donde jugó 51 partidos y anotó 12 goles teniendo un gran rendimiento.

Fulham
A su regreso al Sporting, el nuevo técnico Jorge Jesus lo convenció para que siguiera en el club; sin embargo, no disputó ningún partido oficial en el club, por lo que vuelve a salir cedido en el 2016, esta vez al Fulham de la Segunda División de Inglaterra hasta el término de la temporada 2015/16, donde solo llegó a jugar 2 partidos.

Sporting de Lisboa
Cumplido su último préstamo, el 31 de agosto de 2016 ambas partes acuerdan en rescindir el contrato.

FC Utrecht
Ya con el pase en su poder, el 5 de enero de 2017 Labyad firma contrato con el FC Utrecht hasta 2019, convirtiéndose en la figura y goleador del equipo.

Ajax
El 14 de mayo de 2018, Labyad firma un contrato por 4 años con el Ajax.

Selección nacional
Labyad formó parte de la selección neerlandesa que disputó la Copa Mundial de Fútbol Sub-17 de 2009, en la que jugó todos los partidos de su equipo, aunque este no logró pasar la fase de grupos. Tres años después, dejó la selección neerlandesa y comenzó a jugar por Marruecos. Con la selección sub-23 de este país participó en el Torneo Esperanzas de Toulon de 2012, en el que jugó todos los partidos de su equipo, que acabó eliminado en primera ronda luego de conseguir dos empates y una derrota. En el torneo Labyad anotó dos goles, los dos en la derrota por 4-3 contra México.
El 29 de febrero de 2012 debutó con la Selección de fútbol de Marruecos en un amistoso ante la Selección de fútbol de Burkina Faso.
A pesar de sumar pocos partidos en el seleccionado, Labyad fue convocado para los amistosos que Marruecos jugó antes Serbia y Uzbekistán (Ingresó en este último) como preparación para la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2018.

Estilo de juego
Labyad dentro del campo de juego se desempeña como media punta. Destaca principalmente en la elaboración de juego ofensivo, aunque también posee un buen golpeo de distancia.

Estadísticas
Estadísticas actualizadas a la fecha: 6 de octubre de 2017.

Palmarés

Títulos nacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Futbolistas nacionalizados en Marruecos
Futbolistas de Marruecos en los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Marruecos en los años 2010
Futbolistas del PSV Eindhoven
Futbolistas del Sporting de Lisboa
Futbolistas del Sporting de Lisboa "B"
Futbolistas del SBV Vitesse en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Fulham Football Club
Futbolistas del Football Club Utrecht
Futbolistas del Ajax de Ámsterdam
Neerlandés-marroquí
Nacidos en Utrecht

Zakaria Labyad


İcmâ (Arapça: إجماع), bir İslam hukuku terimi.

İcmâ İslam hukukuna göre, herhangi bir çağ veya dönemde yaşamış İslam bilgini ve müctehidlerin kitap (Kur'an), Sünnet ve bazı mezheplere göre kıyasın delillerine dayanarak, şeriatın (İslami hükümlerin) konuları hakkında hüküm vermeleri veya benzer diğer hükümler arasında birleşmeleridir.

İcmâ, katılımcılarının görüş beyan edip etmemesi açısından ikiye ayrılır. Sarih icmâ, herhangi bir zamanda, icmaya katılma imkanına sahip olan bütün müctehidlerin tek tek görüş beyan ederek aynı fikirde birleşmeleridir. Sükûti icmâ ise müctehidlerin bir kısmının, görüş beyan edecek vakit ve imkanları olduğu halde ilgili konuda sessiz kalmalarıdır. Bu sessizlik genel görüşe iştirak ettikleri şeklinde yorumlanır.

Şartları gerçekleşmiş bir sarih icmâ, kesin delil olarak kabul edilirken, sükûti icmâın ise delil gücü konusunda ise fıkıh yazarları arasında fikir ayrılığı vardır. Bazı yazarlar, sükûtî icmâı kesin delil olarak görürken, bazıları yalnızca delil olarak saymakta, bazıları ise delil olarak kabul etmemektedir.

İcmâın geçerli olabilmesi için bazı şartların varlığı aranmaktadır. Öncelikle icmâın İslam peygamberi Muhammed'in vefatından sonra gerçekleşmesi gerekmektedir. Fıkıh yazarlarına göre, Muhammed hayatta iken icmâdan bahsedilemez, çünkü onun kararları Sünnet çerçevesinde ele alınmalıdır. Bununla birlikte icmâ edenlerin müslüman ve müctehid olmaları gerekir. Müctehid, dinin tafsîlî delillerinden şer'î hüküm elde etme yeteneğine ve ehliyetine sahip olan, adaletli kimsedir. Bir diğer şart ise bir konu hakkında icmâ olarak kabul edilebilecek bir fikir birliğinin oluşmasıdır. Çoğunluğun bir fikir birliği oluşturmasıyla birlikte, ondan az sayıda da olsa karşıt görüşte bulunan yazarların olması hali icmâ olarak değerlendirilmez. Son olarak, icmâın şer'î bir hüküm hakkında olması gerekir. Buna dair olmayan fikir birliği halleri icmâ olarak kabul edilmez.

İcmâın gerçekleşebilmesi için aranan bir diğer unsur ise icmâın bir dayanağının (senedinin) olmasıdır. Senet ile kast edilenin, müctehidlerin fikirlerini dinde geçerli görülen bir temele dayandırmalarıdır. Böyle bir temele sahip olan icmâın geçerli olacağı fıkıh yazarlarınca kabul edilmektedir.

Kaynakça
Dipnotlar

Kitap

İslam hukuku terimleri

İcma


Independent's Day este un film SF de acțiune din 2016 cu Fay Gauthier, Sal Landiand Johnny Rey Diaz. Este produs de The Asylum. În tradiția filmelor acestui studio, Independent's Day este un mockbuster al  filmelor Independence Day  și Independence Day: Resurgence.

Prezentare

Extratereștrii invadează Pământul, de data aceasta oferind pământenilor un ultimatum clar: să se îmbarce cât mai repede la bordul navelor extraterestre pentru a fi evacuați într-un alt sistem înainte de modificarea planetei. Soarta omenirii stă în mâinile președintelui S.U.A. Raney (Fay Gauthier) iar cetățenii de rând trebuie să decidă dacă acești extratereștri sunt de încredere ... sau ascund un secret foarte sângeros.

Distribuție
 Fay Gauthier - President Raney
 Sal Landi - General Roundtree (ca Salvatore Garriola)
 Johnny Rey Diaz - Captain Goddard (ca Jonathan Ortiz)
 Matthew Riley - Bobby (ca Matthew Poalillo)
 Jon Edwin Wright - Senator Randall Raney (ca Jon Wright)
 Jude Lanston -  Agent Taylor
 Jacquelin Arroyo - Red / Fighter Pilot
 William Castrogiovanni - Major Fry / Fighter Pilot
 Vishesh Chachra - Sergeante Cates
 Brian Tyler Cohen - Ari / Fighter Pilot
 Christos Kalabogias - Norman Reed
 Jes Selane - Kelly Reed
 Kurt Sinclair - President Oliver
 Jonathan Thomson - General Henderson
 Holger Moncada Jr. - Moncada

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 Invazie extraterestră
Listă de filme SF de acțiune

Filme din 2016
Filme SF din anii 2010
Filme din 2013
Filme Asylum
The Asylum
Filme SF de acțiune
Filme independente
Filme de acțiune din anii 2010
Filme cu invazii extraterestre

Independent's Day (film)


Suéter a fost o trupă de pop rock din Argentina fondată în 1981 în Buenos Aires și dizolvată în 2007.

Membrii formației
Miguel Zavaleta - lead și back vocal
Gustavo Donés - chitară bas
Juan del Barrio - keyboards
Jorge Minissale -  chitară

Discografie

Albume de studio
1982:Suéter
1984:Luvia de gallinas
1985:20 caras bonitas
1987:Misión Ciudadano I
1995:Sueter 5

Compilații
1988:Sueter Completo
1997:Elefantes en el techo

Legături externe

Biografie Sueter

Formații rock
Cvartete muzicale
Formații argentiniene
Fondări în 1981
Desființări în 2007

Suéter


Daniel Varela es un futbolista costarricense, se desempeña como mediocampista, su equipo actual es Belén FC.

Selección nacional

Participaciones en Copas del Mundo

Clubes

Referencias

Futbolistas de Costa Rica

Daniel Varela


Adolf Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmidt (* 29. August 1812 in Berlin; † 28. Juni 1899 in Aschersleben) war ein deutscher Naturforscher sowie evangelischer Geistlicher.
Sein botanisches Autorenkürzel lautet "A.W.F.Schmidt".

Leben

Ausbildung und Beruf
Adolf Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmidt, Sohn des Pfarrers von Teltow, der 1817 nach Derenburg bei Halberstadt versetzt wurde, besuchte das Martineum in Braunschweig, anschließend das Domgymnasium in Halberstadt, bevor er dort zu Ostern 1832 die Reifeprüfung ablegte. Der zeichenbegabte Schmidt absolvierte danach ein Studium der Theologie an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.

Adolf Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmidt hatte in der Folge mehrere Jahre eine Stelle als Erzieher im Haus des Herren von Helldorf in Bedra bei Merseburg inne, bis er als Hilfsprediger sowie Zeichenlehrer am Domgymnasium nach Halberstadt wechselte. 1846 erfolgte seine Wahl als Diakon an der St. Stephanikirche in Aschersleben, 1848 trat er ebendort in der Nachfolge des Pastors Sachse das Amt des Archidiakons an, das der engagierte Seelsorger bis zu seinem Eintritt in den Ruhestand 1895 innehielt.

Naturwissenschaftliche Forschungen
Der an der Naturwissenschaft interessierte Adolf Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmidt befasste sich in seiner Halberstädter Zeit mit mineralogischen Studien und sammelte zu diesem Zweck Versteinerungen im Sandstein. In Aschersleben widmete er sich zunächst im Kreis der Apotheker Hornung und Rektor Lübe der Zoologie, wobei er vor allem durch Beiträge zu den Landschnecken hervortrat. Ab Mitte der 1860er Jahre wandte er sich der Botanik zu und erlangte wissenschaftlichen Ruhm insbesondere durch seine Untersuchungen zu den Kieselalgen, den Diatomeen.

Publikationen
 Der Geschlechtsapparat der Stylommatophoren in taxonomischer Hinsicht, 1855
 System der europäischen Clausilien und ihrer nächsten Verwandten, Theodor Fischer, Cassel 1868, Digitalisat
 (Als Herausgeber): Atlas der Diatomeenkunde, Ernst Schlegel, Aschersleben 1875–1876, (12 Hefte), Digitalisat

Literatur
 Karl Wilhelm Dalla Torre, Paul Wilhelm Magnus, Ludwig Sarthein Graf von: Flora der gefürsteten Grafschaft Tirol, des Landes Vorarlberg und des Fürstenthumes Liechtenstein: Band Die Litteratur der Flora von Tirol, Vorarlberg und Liechtenstein. 1900. In: Band 1 von Flora der gefürsteten Grafschaft Tirol, des Landes Vorarlberg und des Fürstenthumes Liechtenstein: Nach eigenen und fremden Beobachtungen, Sammlungen und den Litteraturquellen bearbeitet, Karl Wilhelm Dalla Torre. Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1900, S. 267.
 New York Botanical Garden. Library, John Hendley Barnhart: Biographical notes upon botanists, Band 3. In: Biographical Notes Upon Botanists, G. K. Hall, 1965, S. 173.

Weblinks

Naturforscher
Mineraloge
Zoologe
Botaniker (19. Jahrhundert)
Evangelischer Geistlicher (19. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Person (Aschersleben)
Person des Christentums (Sachsen-Anhalt)
Geboren 1812
Gestorben 1899
Mann

Adolf Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmidt


Country Music Association (CMA) eru atvinnugreinasamtök sem voru stofnuð árið 1958 í Nashville, Tennessee. Upphaflega samanstóðu þau af 233 meðlimum og var markmið þeirra að stuðla að þróun kántrítónlistar. Samtökin eru hins vegar þekktust fyrir Country Music Association-verðlaunin sem eru haldin árlega á haustin (oftast í október eða nóvember).

Sjá einnig
 CMA Awards
 Academy of Country Music

Tenglar
 Opinber vefsíða
 CMA Awards
 CMA Fest

Kántrítónlist

Country Music Association


Nobuo Fujishima (født 8. april 1950) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

|-
|1971||1||0
|-
|1972||6||0
|-
|1973||4||0
|-
|1974||6||0
|-
|1975||12||3
|-
|1976||16||3
|-
|1977||5||0
|-
|1978||12||1
|-
|1979||3||0
|-
!Total||65||7
|}

Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Nobuo Fujishima


بلدية شَنْتَ بَرِيَّة أو شَنْتَبَرِيَّة ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة قونكة إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا، و التي تقع في منطقة قشتالة لا منتشا وسط البلاد, و المائلة لجهة الشرق من إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 195 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قونكة
بلديات قونكة

كانيافيرويلاس


Schneidemühle ist ein Ortsteil der Stadt Sonneberg im Landkreis Sonneberg in Thüringen.

Lage
Schneidemühle liegt am Anfang des Ölsetales im Thüringer Schiefergebirge am Beginn der Nordabdachung. Unten im Tal liegt Sonneberg und die Grenze zu Bayern. Das Bergdorf befindet sich südlich von Hasenthal und nördlich von Eschenthal an der Landesstraße 1150, die kurvenreich und stetig steigend Schneidemühle durchquert.

Geschichte
Eine urkundliche Ersterwähnung konnte in der einschlägigen Literatur nicht gefunden werden.

1843 wurde eine Schneidemühle bei Hasenthal erwähnt. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt lebten dort 6 Personen in einem Haushalt. Die Mühle gehörte zum Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen und fiel in die Zuständigkeit des Landgerichtes Gräfenthal.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Ort im Landkreis Sonneberg
Geographie (Sonneberg)
Ersterwähnung 1843

Schneidemühle (Sonneberg)


A fase de grupos da Copa Libertadores da América de 2022 foi disputada entre 5 de abril e 26 de maio. O sorteio dos grupos ocorreu em Luque, no Paraguai, em 25 de março de 2022.

O campeão e o vice de cada grupo ao final de seis jogos disputados dentro dos grupos avançaram à fase final, iniciando a partir das oitavas. Os terceiros colocados de cada grupo foram transferidos para a segunda fase da Copa Sul-Americana de 2022.

Critérios de desempate
De acordo com o regulamento estabelecido para as últimas edições, caso duas ou mais equipes empatassem em números de pontos ao final da fase de grupos, os seguintes critérios seriam aplicados:
 melhor saldo de gols entre as equipes em questão;
 maior número de gols marcados entre as equipes em questão;
 maior número de gols marcados como visitante entre as equipes em questão;
 ranking da CONMEBOL.

Grupos

Todas as partidas estão no horário local.

Grupo A

Grupo B

Grupo C

Grupo D

Grupo E

Grupo F

Grupo G

Grupo H

Ver também
 Fases preliminares da Copa Libertadores da América de 2022
 Fase final da Copa Libertadores da América de 2022

Ligações externas

Fase de grupos

Fase de grupos da Copa Libertadores da América de 2022


İsmail Hakkı Demircioğlu (d. 1957, Pazar, Rize), Türk müzisyendir.

Yaşamı
Müziğe küçük yaşlarda ilgi duymaya başladı. İlk ve ortaöğrenimini Pazar'da tamamladı. Daha sonra İTÜ Türk Müziği Devlet Konservatuvarı Temel Bilimler Bölümünü bitirdi.

Bağlamadan bas gitara dek çeşitli enstrümanları çalan Demircioğlu, önce Ruhi Ayangil Türk Müziği Orkestrası'nda daha sonra Ruhi Su Dostlar Korosu'nda bas gitarist olarak çalıştı. Bu dönemde 2 albüm hazırladı.

1998'den sonra Erkan Oğur'la çalışmaya başladı. Bugüne dek birçok albüm hazırladı. Ayrıca Türkiye'nin çeşitli yerlerinde ve Türkiye dışında birçok konser verdi.

Albümleri
 1986 - Sırdaş Türküsü
 1998 - Gülün Kokusu Vardı (Erkan Oğur ile birlikte)
 2000 - Anadolu Beşik (Erkan Oğur ile birlikte)
 2004 - Nasibolsa
 2017 - Bilinmeyenle Karşılaşmak (Erkan Oğur ile birlikte)

Dış bağlantılar

Yaşayan insanlar
İsmail Hakkı Demircioğlu
1957 doğumlular
Pazar doğumlular
Rize doğumlu müzisyenler
20. yüzyıl Türk müzisyenleri
21. yüzyıl Türk müzisyenleri
Türk bağlamacılar
Türk bas gitaristler
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Türk Musikisi Devlet Konservatuvarında öğrenim görenler
Kalan Müzik sanatçıları

İsmail Hakkı Demircioğlu


Hamzalı, Sinop ilinin Boyabat ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1925 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 119 km, Boyabat ilçe merkezine 19 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Boyabat belde ve köyleri

Hamzalı, Boyabat


La Interstate 55 Business Loop (abreviada I-55 Bus Loop) es una arteria periférica de la Interestatal 55 en Bloomington-Normal ubicada en el estado de Illinois. La autopista inicia en el norte desde la Salida 167 en la Ruta Histórica 66 Normal y termina en el sur en la salida 134B como Veterans Parkway en Bloomington. Varias secciones de la autopista en el área de Bloomington, están señalizadas como la Ruta Histórica 66.

Recorrido
La Interstate 55 Business Loop en Bloomington-Normal forman la sección sur y este del circuito vial. Esta ruta también fue una de las últimas adiciones de la Ruta Histórica 66. En el extremo este, la mayoría de los centros comerciales del área metropolitana están ubicadas a lo largo del Loop I-55.

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las carreteras estatales, las carreteras federales, la Interstate 55 Business Loop es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Illinois por sus siglas en inglés IDOT.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Información general de la  Interstate 55 Business Loop
 Página oficial  de IDOT
 Lista de ciudades servidas por autopistas interestatales
 Lista de Autopistas por estado

Carreteras interestatales de Illinois

Interstate 55 Business Loop (Bloomington-Normal, Illinois)


මොනාකෝ රාජ්‍යයේ නිල නාමය වනුයේ ප්‍රින්සිපැලිටි ඔෆ් මොනාකෝ යන්නය. (Principality of Monaco) මධ්‍යධරණී මුහුදේ උතුරු මැදට වන්නට නිරිත දිග යුරෝපයේ පිහිටි කුඩා ස්වෛරී රාජ්‍යයකි. මොනාකො තුන් පැත්තකින්ම  වටවී ඇත්තේ එහි අසල්වැසි රටවන ප්‍රංශයෙනි. රට මැද සිට ඉතාලියට ඇති දුර කි.මි. 16 (සැතපුම් 9.9) කි. එහි භූමි ප්‍රමාණය වර්‍ග කි.මී. 2.02 km2 (0.78 sq mi)වේ. ජනගහනය 36,371 කි. මෙය ලෝකයේ දෙවනුවට කුඩාම රට වන අතර ලෝකයේ ජන ඝනත්වය අධිකම රට ද වෙයි.

මොනාකෝ යනු රටේ නම, මෙන්ම (එහි තිබෙන එකම නගරය වන) අගනුවරෙහි නමද වන්නේ ය. එය බදුවලින් තොර වූ කෙම්බිමක් ලෙස ප්‍රකටය. ජනගහනයෙන් බහුතරයක් එනම් 84% ක් පමණ ධනවත් විදේශිකයෝ වෙති. බොහෝ විට මෙම රට හඳුන්වනු ලබන්නේ යුරෝපයේ "ලාස් වේගා‍ස්" යනුවෙනි. මොනාකෝහි පාලනය ව්‍යවස්ථානුරූප රාජාණ්ඩු ක්‍රමයකි. පාලනය කරනුයේ කුමාරයෙකු විසිනි. දැනට රාජ්‍ය නායකයා වනුයේ II වැනි ඇල්බට් කුමාරයයා. 1297 සිට ග්‍රිමාල්ඩ් රාජවංශිකයින් විසින්( House of qrimaldi) මෙම රාජ්‍ය පාලනය කරන ලදී. වර්ෂ 1861 දී අත්සන් කරන ලද ප්‍රංශ - මොනාකො ගිවිසුම මඟින් මෙම රාජ්‍යයෙහි ස්වෛරීභාවය නිල වශයෙන් පිළිගනු ලැබිණි. මොනාකෝ නිදහස් රාජ්‍යයක් වන නමුදු එහි ආරක්ෂාව පිළිබඳ වගකීම ඇත්තේ ප්‍රංශයටය.

මූලාශ්‍ර

කුමාරධානි
යුරෝපා රටවල්

මොනාකෝ


An Oberonia brachyphylla in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ethelbert Blatter ngan Mccann. An Oberonia brachyphylla in nahilalakip ha genus nga Oberonia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Oberonia

Oberonia brachyphylla


Nokere Koerse er et belgisk endagsløb i landevejscykling som arrangeres hvert år i marts. Løbet er blevet arrangeret siden 1944. Løbet er af UCI klassificeret med 1.Pro og er en del af UCI ProSeries.

Vindere

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officielle hjemmeside

Etableret i 1944

Nokere Koerse


LARC 20 de Julio (pennant number : D-05) est l'un des deux destroyers colombiens de classe Halland. Lui et l' étaient les seuls construits de leur classe. Deux autres navires ont été commandés, mais ils n'ont jamais été achevés. Il avait l'ancien nom de Veinte de Julio avant d'être renommé.

Conception
Le 20 de Julio avait 121 mètres de long et 12,6 mètres de large. La coque a été conçue avec un gaillard d'avant. Du gaillard jusqu'à l'arrière, une longue superstructure est apparue, qui permettait à l'équipage d'atteindre l'ensemble du navire sans avoir à sortir, minimisant ainsi le risque d'exposition à la contamination radioactive. Contrairement aux classes de destroyers précédentes, dont les superstructures étaient construites en aluminium, la classe Halland était construite en acier. L'aluminium donnait aux navires un poids inférieur mais avait l'inconvénient, en cas d'incendie, de fondre à une température beaucoup plus basse que l'acier. Pour réduire le poids, de la tôle ondulée a donc été utilisée dans la superstructure.

Les machines se composaient de chaudières à vapeur et de turbines à vapeur. Deux chaudières Penhoët fournissaient de la vapeur avec une pression de 40 bars et une température de 420 degrés à deux turbines de Laval. La puissance totale était de 58000 chevaux, ce qui donnait au navire une vitesse maximale de 35 nœuds (65 km/h).

L'armement principal se composait de trois canons doubles Bofors de 120 mm entièrement automatiques modèle 1950, initialement dirigés à partir d'un viseur central qui a ensuite été remplacé par un nouveau viseur radar d'artillerie connecté au radar. L'armement secondaire se composait d'un double canon antiaérien Bofors de 57 mm modèle 1950 et de six Bofors simples de 40 mm L/70. Le premier était initialement contrôlé à partir d'une vue centrale sur le pont, puis par une commande de tir numérique logée dans le radôme caractéristique au-dessus du tablier du pont. L'armement en torpilles se composait de deux affûts de tubes lance-torpilles avec un total de huit tubes. En ce qui concerne la lutte anti-sous-marine, il y avait un hydrophone logé dans un radôme sous l'avant-corps, qui pouvait être rétracté dans la coque lorsque l'hydrophone n'était pas utilisé. Lorsqu'un sous-marin était découvert, huit lance-roquettes Bofors de 375 mm avec une charge de 100 kg chacun et une portée de 300 à 1200 mètres pouvaient être tirés selon une dispersion autour, au-dessus et au-dessous de la cible à partir de deux lanceurs à quatre canons orientables. Dans la poupe, il y avait aussi un affût avec deux rails de lancement pour tirer le missile antinavire Saab Robot 08.

Engagements
Le 20 de Julio a été construit à Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad à Göteborg. Il a été lancé le 26 juin 1952 et livré à la marine colombienne le 15 juin 1956.

Au cours de ses 26 années d'utilisation opérationnelle, l'unité n'a participé à aucune action majeure, à l'exception d'exercices périodiques avec des navires de l'United States Navy. Il a été désarmé en 1986 et plus tard mis au rebut.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 .

Liens externes

Voir aussi

Liens internes
 Marine nationale colombienne

Destroyer
Navire construit à Göteborg
Bateau lancé en 1956
Navire démoli en 1986
Nom de bateau

ARC 20 de Julio


An Hyparrhenia figariana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Emilio Chiovenda, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Clayton. An Hyparrhenia figariana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hyparrhenia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hyparrhenia

Hyparrhenia figariana


Philibert Humbla henviser til:

 Philibert Humbla (jurist) (1814–1891) – svensk retslærd
 Philibert Humbla (borgmester) (1863–1925) – svensk embedsmand
 Philibert Humbla (museiman) (1896–1952) – svensk kunsthistoriker

Philibert Humbla


Potrzebie (;  dative/locative of potrzeba, "a need") is a Polish word popularized by its non sequitur use as a running gag in the early issues of Mad not long after the comic book began in 1952.

Origin
Mad editor Harvey Kurtzman spotted the word printed in the Polish language section of a multi-languaged "Instructions for Use" sheet accompanying a bottle of aspirin, and Kurtzman, who was fascinated with unusual words, decided it would make an appropriate but meaningless background gag. After cutting the word out of the instruction sheet, he made copies and used rubber cement to paste "Potrzebie" randomly into the middle of Mad satires.

Appearances
Potrzebie was first used in a story in Mad #11 (May 1954), where it was the exclamation of a character who spoke only in foreign languages and song lyrics, in "Murder the Story", a parody illustrated by Jack Davis.  It was used again in Bernard Krigstein's "From Eternity Back to Here!" in Mad #12 (June 1954) on an airplane advertising banner. With the same type font, it reappeared in Jack Davis's "Book! Movie!" in Mad #13 (July 1954), pasted into a panel as the title of an abstract painting seen in the background.  In the same issue the word appears as POTS-REBIE, emblazoned on a cauldron in which Robinson Crusoe is roasting a frankfurter. This piece reappeared in one of the earliest Mad paperbacks, Bedside Mad  It was illustrated as a rebus in "Puzzle Pages!" in Mad #19 (January 1955).  These stories, like others in Mad comics, were written by Harvey Kurtzman.  Frequent repetition gave it the status of a catch phrase or in-joke among the readership which continues to the present day. In the first Mad Style Guide, edited by Bhob Stewart in 1994, the word was made available for display on T-shirts and other licensed Mad products. It also sees occasional use as a metasyntactic variable by hackers.

A typical appearance of the word is exemplified by the Mad version of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (from Mad #43, December 1958), which begins:
"Whon thot Aprille swithin potrzebie,
"The burgid prillie gives one heebie-jeebie.

System of measurement
In issue 33, Mad published a partial table of the "Potrzebie System of Weights and Measures", developed by 19-year-old Donald E. Knuth, later a famed computer scientist. According to Knuth, the basis of this new revolutionary system is the potrzebie, which equals the thickness of Mad issue 26, or 2.2633484517438173216473 mm, although the eighth digit was mistakenly dropped and the thickness appeared as 2.263348517438173216473 mm in the MAD article. A standardization in terms of the wavelength of the red line of the emission spectrum of cadmium is also given, which if the 1927 definition of the Ångstrom is taken for the value of that wavelength, would equal 2.263347539605392 mm.

Volume was measured in ngogn (equal to 1000 cubic potrzebies), mass in blintz (equal to the mass of 1 ngogn of halavah, which is "a form of pie [with] a specific gravity of 3.1416 and a specific heat of .31416"), and time in seven named units (decimal powers of the average Earth rotation, equal to 1 "clarke"). The system also features such units as whatmeworry, cowznofski, vreeble, hoo and hah.

According to the "Date" system in Knuth's article, which substitutes a 10-clarke "mingo" for a month and a 100-clarke "cowznofski", for a year, the date of October 29, 2007, was originally rendered as "Cal 7, 201 C.M." (for Cowznofsko Madi, or "in the Cowznofski of MAD"). The dates are calculated from October 1, 1952, the date MAD was first published. Dates before this point are referred to, tongue-in-cheek, as "B.M." ("Before MAD.") Later Knuth preferred 0-origin indexing, so October 29, 2007 is now rendered as "Cal 6, 201 C.D." (for Cowznofsko Dimentii, with "mad" also translated into Latin). The ten "Mingoes" are: Tales (Tal.) Calculated (Cal.) To (To) Drive (Dri.) You (You) Humor (Hum.) In (In) A (A) Jugular (Jug.) Vein (Vei.)

Google's calculator can perform conversions from the potrzebie system to other units.

See also
Wiktionary: furshlugginer

References

External links

 The Dual Role of Bob Brookmeyer: Jimmy Raney's "Potrezebie" (sic)
 Salon: "The Art of Don E. Knuth" by Mark Wallace
 Potrzebie System on Google Calculator

Mad (magazine)
In-jokes
Running gags
Polish words and phrases
Units of measurement
Donald Knuth
1950s neologisms
Comedy catchphrases
Quotations from comics

Potrzebie


Tarup Center Station er en letbanestation på Odense Letbane, beliggende ved Tarup Center i Odense-forstaden Tarup. Stationen åbnede sammen med letbanen 28. maj 2022.

Stationen er den nordvestlige endestation for letbanen. Den ligger på den vestlige side af Rismarksvej ved centret, lige nord for krydset med Rugårdsvej. Den består af to spor med en perron imellem med adgang fra fortovet i nordenden og fra fodgængerovergangen ved Rugårdsvej i sydenden. Mellem Rugårdsvej og Saxovej er der et sporkryds, så letbanetogene kan skifte spor, når de ankommer eller afgår. Det ene spor fortsætter desuden et kort stykke efter perronen, så der kan parkeres et letbanetog der.

Stationen betjener Tarup Center, der er et indkøbscenter med 44 butikker. Desuden ligger der flere kvarterer med boligblokke og parcelhuse omkring stationen.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Odense Letbane

Noter

Odense Letbane

Tarup Center Station


Hirschbach ist ein Gemeindeteil des Marktes Dürrwangen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Das Dorf liegt am Hutzelgraben, der ein rechter Zufluss des Hühnerbächleins ist, der wiederum ein rechter Zufluss der Sulzach ist. Nördlich des Ortes erhebt sich der Rappenbuck (), im Westen grenzt das Waldgebiet Geierstange an. Gemeindeverbindungsstraßen führen nach Dürrwangen (1,2 km nördlich) und zur Kreisstraße AN 41 (0,5 km nordöstlich).

Geschichte
Die Fraisch über Hirschbach war strittig zwischen dem ansbachischen Oberamt Feuchtwangen und dem oettingen-spielbergischen Oberamt Dürrwangen. 1732 bestand der Ort aus 3 Anwesen (1 Ziegelhütte, 2 Häuslein), die alle das Oberamt Dürrwangen als Grundherrn hatten. Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts wurden 4 Anwesen angegeben (1 Ziegelhütte, 1 Häuslein und 2 halbe Häuslein). Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Feuchtwangen.

Infolge des Gemeindeedikts wurde Hirschbach 1809 dem Steuerdistrikt und der Ruralgemeinde Dürrwangen zugeordnet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist römisch-katholisch geprägt und nach St. Peter und Paul (Halsbach) gepfarrt. Die Protestanten sind nach St. Peter (Sinbronn) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Dürrwangen)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Dorf

Hirschbach (Dürrwangen)


Den glade Enke er en dansk stumfilm fra 1907 instrueret af Viggo Larsen. Den er baseret på Franz Lehárs operette af samme navn fra 1905.

Handling

Medvirkende
 Oda Alstrup, Den glade Enke
 Viggo Larsen

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1907

Den glade Enke (film fra 1907)


Henri Pirenne, (Anri Piren okunur) (d. 23 Aralık 1862, Verviers - ö. 25 Ekim 1935, Uccle), Belçikalı Valon tarihçi.

Daha 24 yaşında Gent Üniversitesi'nde profesör oldu. I. Dünya Savaşında Almanlara karşı savaşırken esir düştü ve sürgüne gönderildi. Belçika Kraliyet Akademisi üyeliğine getirildi.

Daha çok iktisadi ve sosyal tarihle ilgilendi. En önemli eseri, yedi ciltlik anıtsal Belçika Tarihi (Histoire de la Belgique), 1899 ila 1932 yılları arasında yayınlandı. Avrupa'ya ait bir tarihin kökenlerini ortaya koyan Muhammed ve Charlemagne (Mahomet et Charlemagne, 1935) ve Orta Çağ Şehirleri'nin (1926) oluşumunu açıklayan tezleri meşhurdur. Kendisine sık yöneltilen bir eleştiri, aşırı Belçika milliyetçiliği yapmasıydı. Belçika'nın kuruluşunu Verdun Antlaşması'na kadar dayandırır, bu iddiasıyla çelişmemek için Liège Prensliği gibi önemli tarihsel siyasi oluşumları görmezden gelirdi. Buna karşın, Belçika'daki etnik ayrımı asla inkâr etmedi, Valonların ve Flamanların etnik kimliklerini yüzyıllar boyu koruduğunu kabul etti.

Ressam Maurice Pirenne'in kardeşidir. Oğlu Jacques Pirenne de ünlü bir tarihçidir.

Kaynakça
 Fransızca Vikipedi, Henri Pirenne maddesi
 Meydan Larousse, Henri Pirenne maddesi

Pirenne, Henri
Pirenne, Henri
Pirenne, Henri
Pirenne, Henri
Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres üyeleri
Rusya Bilimler Akademisi'nin muhabir üyeleri (1917-1925)
SSCB Bilimler Akademisi muhabir üyeleri

Henri Pirenne


The Big Bend is part of the Trans-Pecos region in southwestern Texas, United States along the border with Mexico, north of the prominent bend in the Rio Grande for which the region is named. Here the Rio Grande passes between the Chisos Mountains in Texas and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico as it changes from running east-southeast to north-northeast. The region covers three counties: Presidio County to the west, Brewster County to the east, and Jeff Davis County to the north.

The region is rugged, sparsely populated Chihuahua Desert, including the Chisos Mountains, Chinati Mountains, and the Davis Mountains. The region has well over  of public lands, including Big Bend National Park (801,163 acres) and Big Bend Ranch State Park (300,000 acres), Black Gap Wildlife Management Area (103,000 acres), Chinati Mountains State Natural Area (39,000 acres) along the north side of the Rio Grande.  It is also the home of the McDonald Observatory. In Mexico, adjacent areas of protected lands on the south side of the Rio Grande include the Cañón de Santa Elena Flora and Fauna Protection Area (ca. 511,508 acres), Ocampo Flora and Fauna Protection Area (ca. 850,630 acres), and the Maderas del Carmen Flora and Fauna Protection Area (ca. 514,920 acres).

The largest towns in the region are Alpine, Presidio, Marfa, Sanderson, Terlingua, and Marathon. The counties are Presidio County, Jeff Davis County, Brewster County, Pecos County, and Terrell County.

See also
List of geographical regions in Texas
Balmorhea State Park
Trans-Pecos

References

Further reading

External links

The Big Bend of Texas., 1920, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
 West Texas Weekly- a local weekly newspaper.
 Visit Big Bend- an extensive website on the Big Bend region and attractions.

Regions of Texas
Big Bend National Park
World War II Heritage Cities

Big Bend (Texas)


Trap–neuter–return (TNR), also known as trap–neuter–release, is a controversial method that attempts to manage populations of feral cats. The process involves live-trapping the cats, having them neutered, ear-tipped for identification, and, if possible, vaccinated, then releasing them back into the outdoors. If the location is deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, the cats may be relocated to other appropriate areas (barn/farmyard homes are often considered best). Ideally, friendly adults and kittens young enough to be easily socialized are retained and placed for adoption. Feral cats cannot be socialized, shun most human interaction and do not fare well in confinement, so they are not retained. Cats suffering from severe medical problems such as terminal, contagious, or untreatable illnesses or injuries are often euthanized.

In the past, the main goal of most TNR programs was the reduction or eventual elimination of free-roaming cat populations. It is still the most widely implemented non-lethal method of managing them. While that is still a primary goal of many efforts, other programs and initiatives may be aimed more towards providing a better quality of life for feral cats, stemming the population expansion that is a direct result of breeding, improving the communities in which these cats are found, reducing "kill" rates at shelters that accept captured free-roaming cats, in turn improving public perceptions and possibly reducing costs, and eliminating or reducing nuisance behaviors to decrease public complaints about free-roaming cats.

Scientific research has not found TNR to be an effective means of controlling the feral cat population. Literature reviews have found that when studies documented TNR colonies that declined in population, those declines were being driven primarily by substantial percentages of colony cats being permanently removed by a combination of rehoming and euthanasia on an ongoing basis, as well as by an unusually high rate of death and disappearance. TNR colonies often increase in population because cats breed quickly and the trapping and sterilization rates are frequently too low to stop this population growth, because food is usually being provided to the cats, and because public awareness of a TNR colony tends to encourage people in the surrounding community to dump their own unwanted pet cats there. The growing popularity of TNR, even near areas of particular ecological sensitivity, has been attributed in part to a lack of public interest regarding the environmental harm caused by feral cats, and the unwillingness of both scientific communities and TNR advocates to engage.

Terminology

TNR usually stands for trap–neuter–return. It is sometimes described as trap–neuter–release. The word return emphasizes that most feral cats are returned to their original locations under such a program. Variant acronyms and terms include: TNSR (for 'trap–neuter/spay–return'), TNVR ('trap–neuter–vaccinate–return'), TNRM ('trap–neuter–release–maintain/manage') where 'maintain' generally means caregivers feed and monitor the feral cats after they are returned to their territories, and TTVAR ('trap–test–vaccinate–alter–release').

TVHR ('trap–vasectomize/hysterectomize–release') refers to a different method of cat population management, despite its similar name. TVHR differs in the type of sterilization surgery performed on the cats. Unlike traditional spays (ovariohysterectomy) and neuters (castration), which are done in TNR, the vasectomies and hysterectomies in TVHR result in sterile but sexually active cats.

RTF ('return to field') or TNS ('trap, neuter, shelter return') are alternative approaches that simply focus on the trap and desex portion and do not include a colony management aspect. In some instances, a receiving shelter will return a cat to where it was found; in other cases shelters are completely bypassed – a person takes a free-roaming live-trapped cat in for desexing, then returns it to where it was found.

Advocacy and opposition

TNR as a method of managing free-roaming cat populations is controversial. Global attitudes towards these cats vary from those who see them as pets to those who target them as invasive species that need to be eliminated. Many international, national, and regional organizations and association, both professional and advocacy-based, have publicly aligned themselves into three basic groups: those that stridently oppose managing, maintaining, or tolerating free-roaming cats and hence TNR; those who conditionally support TNR as a part of a community cat management program (which includes community cat oversight and monitoring); and those who unconditionally support and endorse TNR.

Some organizations that conditionally support TNR include:

 The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: "The ASPCA endorses Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) as the only proven humane and effective method to manage community cat colonies." It clarifies its position by stating that managing "involves a colony caretaker who provides food and adequate shelter and monitors the cats' health."
 The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS): "we support Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) and similar sterilization programs, legislation that allows for and supports non-lethal population control, and coalition-based approaches that involve community leaders, citizens, and stakeholders to implement effective community cat management programs." They further clarify this view by stating: "The HSUS believes that the humane reduction and eventual elimination of unowned cat populations should be the end goal for all TNR participants and supporters. TNR should be considered a humane means to an end, not a method of permanently maintaining outdoor cat populations. The HSUS estimates that the population of feral cats in the US ranges from 50 to 70 million. In contrast, the number of pet cats in the US is approximately 76 million.
 The American Humane Association: "In some situations, safe cat colonies can be maintained by caretakers. American Humane Association supports trap, neuter and release programs for colony cats – especially for feral cats. Whenever possible, homes should be found for colony cats that might be successfully socialized."
 The UK's Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA): For feral cats "supports Trap, Neuter and Release (TNR) programmes with veterinary support. Healthy cats should be neutered, ear-tipped and returned or, where appropriate, re-sited."

Organizations that oppose TNR on the basis of animal welfare and wildlife preservation include:

 PETA: PETA does not endorse TNR, citing concerns about short life expectancies, disease, accidental death, exposure, and inhumane living conditions for cats, and the wildlife deaths inflicted by feral cats. "Having witnessed firsthand the gruesome things that can happen to feral cats, we cannot in good conscience advocate trapping and releasing as a humane way to deal with overpopulation." "TNR makes humans—not cats and certainly not wildlife—feel better."
 The International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council: "The IWRC supports the humane removal of feral cat and dog populations, including feral cat colonies, through the rehabilitation and adoption of suitable animals into domestic environments and humane euthanasia of animals that cannot be rehabilitated and re-homed." They point out that as domestic animals "subsidized" by people, they exceed the ability for the environment to support them without resulting in damage to wildlife.
 The Wildlife Society: "TNR undermines the work of wildlife professionals and severely jeopardizes the integrity of native biodiversity."
 American Bird Conservancy (ABC): "Cats have been introduced into new habitats across the globe with terrible results. Outdoors, cats are a non-native and invasive species that threaten birds and other wildlife, disrupt ecosystems, and spread diseases." They advocate responsible pet ownership and "oppose Trap, Neuter, Release (TNR) for feral cats because of the persistent and severe threats posed by feral cat colonies."

Advantages and disadvantages
Various studies and arguments have been presented both in support of and in opposition to free-roaming cats and TNR.

Purported reductions in population over time
Some long-term studies have claimed or been cited to show that TNR is effective in stopping reproduction and reducing the population over time, but the methodology, analysis and conclusions of some of these studies have been called into question. Reviews of these studies, as well as mathematical models of population growth, have shown that TNR colonies only decrease in population where cats experience very high rates of permanent removal (of at least 50% of the colony cats per year, such as by a combination of adoption and euthanasia), combined with high sterilization rates, and low rates of immigration of new cats into the colony. Unless all of these conditions are met, TNR colonies will not decrease in size over time.

 An eleven-year study of a TNR program at the University of Central Florida achieved a population decrease of 66%, from 68 cats in 1996 (when the census was first completed after some trapping) to 23 cats in 2002. No new kittens were born after 1995, and newly arrived stray or abandoned cats were neutered or adopted to homes. However, as many proponents fail to note, TNR was not the sole reason for success. The population reduction was primarily from adoption (47%) and euthanasia (11%), or due to the cats no longer living on site with their whereabouts unknown (15%).
 A TNR program begun in 1992 by the Merrimack River Feline Rescue Society (MRFRS) on the central waterfront of Newburyport, Massachusetts, has been widely cited as an example of TNR success on a community level; however, only superficial reports about what took place have been available and there is very little statistical data to support the claims.

The success of specific focused studies to advocate TNR as a solution for controlling and reducing free-roaming cat populations worldwide is problematic. More broad-based approaches include using matrix population models to estimate the efficacy of euthanasia versus trap-neuter-return for management of free-roaming cats, such as the one researchers established for use in urban environments.

Efforts to assess the effectiveness have been hampered by the lack of sufficient monitoring data. Having some professional assistance, adapting the population monitoring framework developed over decades by wildlife biologists, and systematic monitoring can evolve into a relatively low-cost, high-value adjunct to ongoing management efforts.

The potential problem of TNR advocacy and increased public awareness of non-lethal intervention actually contributing to the increasing numbers of free-roaming pets, by enabling pet owners to make conscious decisions to illegally dump or abandon their animal without having to worry about lethal control measures, has been a contentious point. In a widely cited example of cat control by relocation (cats from Bidwell Park, California, were trapped and moved to a private sanctuary), the high visibility of the project encouraged more abandonment. In another study, to explain the ingression of cats it was found that "the high quality and visibility of the program[...] may have encouraged abandonment of cats if owners believed that the cats would be well taken care of after abandonment. Abandonment may also have occurred if owners believed that cats would be better off under the care of the program rather than surrendered to a shelter where they would face the risk of euthanasia." Some of the cats that came in to the TNR colony had already been sterilized; some of these had ear-tips and some did not.

Introgression, particularly of intact cats, has been noted to be a barrier to decreasing cat populations over time through TNR efforts. It has become apparent that while the TNR process can reduce or limit the growth rate of the colony through reproduction, it may not reduce the population numbers if it is the sole method of intervention. Population reduction occurs primarily through adoptions of non-feral cats, natural death or euthanasia of sick animals, and disappearance or emigration of cats. TNR works together with these factors to reduce reproduction and thus to minimize replacement of animals lost from the colony. Other factors such as immigration of cats from surrounding areas can counteract its effect. Thus, the impact of TNR interventions on unowned cat populations can be complex, and ongoing management of colonies becomes an important component in optimizing reductions in the cat population.

"Kill" or "no-kill" debate (euthanasia)
TNR is often presented to public officials and policymakers as a viable alternative to lethal methods with several benefits.

Reducing euthanasia numbers
 It has been claimed that euthanasia in shelters is the leading cause of death of cats. Proponents of TNR use this "kill" statistic to promote "no-kill" tactics. However, in the USA there are no exact numbers of animals being euthanized each year. Only a few states require animal shelters to keep records about animals being euthanized, and there is no agency responsible for collecting or verifying this data. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) has noted a marked decrease in euthanasia rates since 2011 and Humane Society of the United States reported that euthanasia of animals in shelters has been declining sharply since 1970. In addition, the reasons for euthanasia vary. Animals may be euthanized because of shelter over-crowding, for medical reasons (illness or injury), for court-mandated reasons, or because of financial/staff limitations.
 When the number of animals coming into a shelter exceeds its ability to care for, hold, or find foster placements, the facility may end up euthanizing animals. This could include even adoptable kittens or cats simply because they cannot be taken care of. A common outcome for a cat judged to be "feral" after being taken to a traditional shelter not practicing no-kill sheltering is euthanasia (humanely putting the animal to death). Feral cats do not tolerate being caged or handled and many shelters are unable to manage them without putting the animal or the staff at risk. TNR could alleviate this.
 Facilities have reported notable decreases in intakes and euthanasia since implementing TNR programs. It is not clear, however, if these decreases can be directly attributed to TNR, or to concurrent efforts to increase and implement owned pet spay-neuter programs, new initiatives of adoption campaigns where animals at risk of "kill" are transported to areas where animals for adoptions are needed, or public awareness campaigns to enhance adoption rates.

Cost savings
 Proponents of TNR claim that while neutering cats may be costly, euthanizing them costs more. However, the cost savings associated with TNR are location-specific and accurate estimates involve taking into account numerous variables including volunteer support, donations, grants, and local spay-neuter agreements for low-cost services. Cost savings fluctuate based on the type of TNR program implemented, the extent of animal control involvement, the volunteer base available, and the community's overall support of TNR. Over time, through attrition and sterilization efforts, if the free-roaming population declines, savings may be realized by total decreased expenditures on them.
 In a 10-year study in Orange County, Florida, after a feral cat sterilization program was instituted in which 7,903 feral cats neutered, the cost was an estimated $442,568, as compared to $1,098,517 if they had been impounded and euthanized.
 In Port Orange, Florida, a TNR program started in 2013 in the city's business areas resulted in fewer stray cats and money saved. In the first year, 214 cats were sterilized for $13,000, which was much less than over $50,000 spent in 2010, when most of the impounded cats were euthanized. A theoretical savings of $123,000 was projected based on not having to impound the offspring that the cats may have produced if not spayed.

Improved morale and public support
 A 2011 survey of U.S. pet owners found that 71% agreed that "Animal shelters should only be allowed to euthanize animals when they are too sick to be treated or too aggressive to be adopted," while only 25% agreed that "Sometimes animal shelters should be allowed to euthanize animals as a necessary way of controlling the population of animals."
In 2019, a study was published that concluded "for most Brisbane City (Australia) residents, when awareness is raised about the problem of urban stray cats and management strategies, the majority are supportive of a TNR community program with little or no persuasion required."
TNR programs may have a side effect of reducing the stress and strain volunteers and staff have related to euthanasia in shelters. A 2019 study concluded that euthanasia-related strain is prevalent among shelter employees. Such strain is associated with increased levels of general job stress, work-to-family conflict, somatic complaints, and substance use, and with lower levels of job satisfaction.

Improving the cats' health and welfare
It has been claimed that TNR programs improve the welfare of free-roaming cats in many ways:

 Spayed female cats will no longer be burdened by pregnancy or nursing litters: Females have been found to be pregnant throughout the year. A study of the reproductive capacity of free-roaming cats showed they may have an average of 1.4 litters a year, with a median of 3 kittens/litter.
Alleviating unnecessary suffering of kittens: 75% of the kittens born to free-roaming cats being studied died or disappeared before 6 months of age. Trauma was found to be the most common cause of death.
 Improved overall heath: The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) notes that properly managed programs can improve quality of life through better nutrition, vaccination to prevent disease, and euthanasia of sick and debilitated cats. However, management of colonies is not a mandated practice, nor is ongoing monitoring and follow-up care once released after the neuter-spay. Vaccinations, medical examination, care, or treatments may or may not be a part of any given TNR effort.
Fighting may decline, thus reducing injuries: A study between four colonies, two of neutered males and two of intact males, found that the frequency of agonistic behavior was lower in the neutered groups. However, the agonistic behavior that was noted in the neutered groups was attributable to interactions involving intact males who had moved into them. As noted above, introgression of cats is a common factor noted in studies.

Not all free-roaming cats, or cats that end up in live traps, are feral. Some are owned, but have been allowed to roam outdoors; some have escaped their homes or owners and are strays; some may have been abandoned or "dumped." The assessment, after trapping, of "social" (friendly and adoptable), "social but timid or scared" (may adjust and be adoptable), "not social" (not feral, prefers to not be handled, hard to adopt out) or "feral" is crucial if TNR is intended to be in the best interest of the animal. When programs provide for feral kittens to be socialized and adopted, and for friendly cats to be adopted, the welfare of those cats is improved.

Managed TNR programs that involve continuous active intervention on detection along with treatment and prevention of some of the more common diseases and parasites may help improve their overall health.

The overall effect of TNR on the health and welfare of free-roaming cats as a whole is not possible to measure. In numerous studies, many of the cats simply disappeared, so follow-up was impossible. They are subject to injury, illness, or death from numerous things: trauma from humans or human machines or other animals, predation by wildlife, toxins and poisons, contagious diseases, exposure to harsh weather, malnutrition, infections, and parasitic debilitation.

The TNR process itself can result in inhumane outcomes. In 2016, investigative reporting by WFLA found that in Hillsborough County, Florida, TNR cats were being returned to the outdoors the day after their surgical sterilizations, because the Tampa Bay Humane Society did not have "a place to put them for a couple of days" where they could be observed in recuperation. WFLA said they had possession of images of TNR cats bleeding from opened surgical wounds, images of TNR cat with maggots in their incisions, and an image of a bloodied cat trap whose occupant had bled out; the TV station's managers declined to allow these images to be broadcast. Officials overseeing that TNR program said that their greatly reduced shelter euthanasia rates were worth it even if their TNR outcomes "weren't perfect".

Fewer complaints
TNR may help reduce public complaints pertaining to free-roaming cats. Female cats will 'call' (come into season and be receptive to the male cat) regularly, about every three weeks during sexually active times of the year if they do not get pregnant. Having un-spayed female cats in an area will attract un-neutered males with the attendant problems of spraying, fighting and caterwauling.

 After starting a TNR program in 1995, animal control in Orange County, Florida, received fewer complaints about cats, even after broadening the definition of a nuisance complaint.
 A study of a TNR program at Texas A&M University in 1998–2000 reported that the number of cat complaints received by the university's pest control service decreased from year 1 to year 2.

Effects on wildlife from hunting

Numerous studies have shown that free-roaming cats can have a significant negative impact on native wildlife through their predation. They cause considerable wildlife destruction and ecosystem disruption, including the deaths of hundreds of millions of birds, small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. They have been linked to the extinction of 63 species and pose a threat to 360 more.

Free-roaming domestic cats are considered an "alien" species and are listed as invasive in a multitude of countries around the world.

Cats are now thought to be the single largest cause of anthropogenic bird mortality in North America.

There have been recorded instances of species extinction caused by them on islands. In 2004, targeted eradication programs had successfully removed free-roaming domestic cats from at least 49 islands. Citing eradication of invasive mammals from islands as a proven conservation tool, with clear evidence of subsequent native species recovery, it is gaining recognition as a recommended method of sustaining native biodiversity on islands.

Free-roaming cats have been documented hunting and killing prey without eating it.

Risks to human and animal health
Stray animals in general may have significant impacts on public health due to factors such as a lack of preventive measures (e.g. vaccines, deworming), easy access to intermediate hosts (e.g. rats and birds), and unrestricted entry to public areas such as parks and playgrounds. Their presence is a major risk for the transmission of zoonotic diseases.

Free-roaming cats can act as vectors for diseases that can impact humans as well as other animals, domestic and wild. Transmissions can occur within the species and to other species. Feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, ectoparasites (fleas, mites, lice, ticks), intestinal and protozoan parasites, Rickettsia, and Coxiella ("Q Fever") are examples of inter and intra-species shared diseases and parasites.

There are numerous zoonotic pathogens shed in feline feces, such as Campylobacter and Salmonella spp; ascarids (e.g., Toxocara cati); hookworms (Ancylostoma spp); and the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and T. gondii. Contaminated soil is an important source of infection for humans, herbivores, rodents, and birds and several studies suggest that pet feces contribute to bacterial loading of streams and coastal waters.

Free-roaming cat populations have been identified as a source for several zoonotic diseases that can and have affected humans, including:

 Rabies
 Toxoplasmosis
 Various nematode parasites including intestinal worms
 Plague
 Tularemia
 Typhus
 Bacterial diseases such as cat-scratch fever (Bartonella)
 Avian Influenza A/H5N1 virus
 Fungal diseases, including sporotrichosis

Treatment by country
Domestic cats can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Of the 700million cats in the world, 480million of them are feral. Control of free-roaming dogs and cats is a worldwide problem. Beyond pragmatic and scientific considerations, cultural heritage, ethical beliefs, and social and economic impacts play critical roles in efforts to address it.

The legal status of free-roaming and community cats varies from location to location, as do the histories and efforts of TNR programs. There are numerous governments supporting trap–neuter–return.

Australia

In a 2017 news release in the Sydney Morning Herald, Threatened Species Commissioner Gregory Andrews reportedly summarized the reason for the federal government's intention to wipe out 2million feral cats – about a third of the population – by saying that they are "the single biggest threat to our native animals, and have already directly driven into extinction 20 out of 30 mammals lost." This cull was planned to continue until 2020.

Canada
Across Canada, municipalities have replaced old animal control bylaws with "responsible pet ownership" rules intended to direct the obligations of pet behavior to their owners. A common feature of the accelerating trend is a requirement that owners get a license for their cats and ensure they do not roam.

In January 2012, a bylaw officer in Merritt, British Columbia, removed cat food and asked the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to consider criminal charges against those feeding the community cats. No charges were laid, but the rescue group's business license was revoked and it was forced to move from its storefront location.

The City of Toronto, Ontario, includes TNR in its animal services and has a bylaw specifically addressing TNR and managed colonies. The Toronto Animal Services offers spay and neuter for colonies that are registered and have an assigned trained caretaker.

Denmark
TNR was practiced in Denmark in the mid-1970s, as reported at the 1980 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) symposium in London. Denmark's Society for the Protection of Cats practiced both tattooing and tipping the ear of the neutered cats to identify them.

France
In 1978, the city of Paris issued a Declaration of Rights of the Free-living Cat. In that year, Cambazard founded École du Chat and TNR'd its first cat, continuing to help thousands of cats in the following years.

Israel
Like Turkey, Israel struggles with a continually increasing population of stray cats. Cats exist in every location with people, from the southernmost city of Eilat to communities in the Golan Heights. Moreover, it is illegal in Israel to remove cats from the streets as a result of pressure from Let the Animals Live. Due to large amounts of food left by people feeding them, colonies of cats are continuing to increase, with estimates putting the population within the city of Jerusalem at 2,000 cats per square kilometer. Efforts to trap, neuter, return the cats within Israel are not working, as the population is too large to feasibly catch enough cats to make a difference. Moreover, there is no national agreement on what to do regarding the cat population. As a result their population is increasing with no future plan of action. In January 2019, from a push by people who feed the cats, Jerusalem plans to instill "feeding stations" throughout the city. The goal is to facilitate specific areas for feeding to help the populations of stray cats and to improve their welfare. This plan has been criticized by ecologists and conservationists, stating that it does nothing to help the welfare of the cats, with Amir Balaban of the Society for the Protection of Nature stating that "If someone cares about animals, they should take them home."

Italy
Killing feral cats has been illegal in the Lazio Region, which includes Rome, since 1988. A study in 2006 found almost 8,000 were neutered and reintroduced to their original colony from 1991 to 2000. It concluded that spay/neuter campaigns brought about a general decrease in cat numbers among registered colonies and censused cats, but the percentage of cat immigration (due to abandonment and spontaneous arrival) was around 21 percent. It suggested that TNR efforts without an effective education of people to control the reproduction of house cats (as a prevention for abandonment) are a waste of money, time and energy.

Since August 1991, feral cats have been protected throughout Italy when a no-kill policy was introduced for both cats and dogs. Feral cats have the right to live free and cannot be permanently removed from their colony; cat caretakers can be formally registered; and TNR methods are outlined in the national law on the management of pets.

South Korea
Negative attitudes towards cats in general and free-roaming cats in particular are culturally entrenched in South Korea. The 2011 South Korean amendment of its Animal Protection Law required humane methods to be used in the transportation and euthanasia of animals. Some areas have government supported TNR programs, but these programs are often scorned by the public and poorly managed. Negative attitudes and fear towards cats in general have been slow to change and free-roaming cats may be subjected to abuse or violence. In recent years, however, South Korea's attitude toward homeless cats has improved.

New Zealand
The Department of Conservation (DOC) is legislatively mandated to control feral cats on public conservation land. It has eradicated feral cats from several offshore islands. Control techniques include poisoning, trapping and shooting. Lethal controls follow efficient and humane best-practice techniques and adhere to the Animal Welfare Act 1999.

In 2017, the New Zealand Companion Animal Council released its National Cat Management Strategy Discussion Paper in which it advised that "when stray cat management is justified, non-lethal methods of removal (e.g. rehoming or best practice managed, targeted trap-neuter-return [mtTNR]) must always be the first option." This discussion recognized the limited value of mtTNR in some situations. Their goal is for all cats in New Zealand to be responsibly owned and that cats are humanely managed in a way that protects their welfare and the environment.

Turkey
Turkey has a significant problem with free-roaming dogs and cats and the country is struggling with ways to manage the problem. Its Animal Protection Law prohibits killing "ownerless animals" except where permitted by the Animal Health Police Law. They are required to be taken to animal shelters established or permitted by the local authorities. In keeping with the tenents of its main religion, most Turks are very much against euthanasia of animals for "population control"; recent efforts to curb an ever-increasing population include TNR for roaming cats and dogs.

United Kingdom
The earliest documented practice of trap–neuter–return was in the 1950s, led by animal activist Ruth Plant in the UK. In the mid-1960s, former model Celia Hammond gained publicity for her TNR work "at a time when euthanasia of feral cats was considered the only option". Hammond "fought many battles with local authorities, hospitals, environmental health departments" but stated that she succeeded over the years in showing that control "could be achieved by neutering and not killing".

The first scientific conference on "the ecology and control of feral cats" was held in London in 1980 and its proceedings published by the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW). Subsequent UFAW publications in 1982, 1990, and 1995 were the primary scientific references for feral-cat control for many years.

In 2008, the Scottish Wildcat Association began utilizing TNR of feral cats to protect the regionally endangered Scottish wildcat. Their goals include:

 Saving the genetically pure Scottish wildcat
 Removing all feral cats from the region
 Using humane, neutering-based feral cat controls
 Establishing buffer zones to prevent feral cats returning to the area

United States
There is no federal law in the US that explicitly sets policy on feral cats, and state and local laws vary in their approaches. The Endangered Species Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act may be relevant to the legality of TNR. In a federal case, American Bird Conservancy v. Harvey (2014), conservationists sued Rose Harvey, the Commissioner of New York State Parks, under the Endangered Species Act for failing to prohibit activities supporting feral cats in a state park where the Piping Plover, a threatened species, was known to nest. Under a settlement and judicial order, the State of New York agreed to remove all of the cats to a shelter, and to trap and permanently remove any cats found in the park in the future.

There are legal theories that TNR programs may have liability under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, a strict liability statute that states that "it shall be unlawful at any time, by any means or in any manner, to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, attempt to take, capture, or kill[...] any migratory bird, any part, nest, or egg of any such bird," including unintentional taking, except if otherwise regulated or permitted by the government, and provides for criminal penalties of up to $15,000 in fines and up to six months of incarceration for each bird unlawfully taken. (An example of a successful prosecution under the MBTA was United States v. Moon Lake Electric Association Incorporated; in that case a power company was found guilty and sentenced to fines and probation because birds were being electrocuted on power poles that it owned.) Because TNR colonies are supported by people, it is possible that predation of birds by TNR cats might be ruled an illegal intentional take by the courts.

On January 29, 2019, the Hawaii Invasive Species Council adopted a resolution supporting the keeping of pet cats indoors and the use of peer-reviewed science in pursuing humane mitigation of the impacts of feral cats on wildlife and people.

TNR of cats is illegal in Alaska, owing to a law against the release of cats into the wild, even if they were originally captured there. This has left trap-and-kill the only legal method of controlling the feral cat population there; however, the law against TNR is not well enforced and there are proposals to exempt sterilized cats from the rules.

Governments have been sued to try to block their TNR efforts. In December, 2010, an injunction was granted to prevent a planned TNR program of the City of Los Angeles until an environmental review was completed under the California Environmental Quality Act. The judge did not rule on any environmental issues, or prohibit other organizations from doing TNR in the city.

Some caretakers have been prosecuted for taking care of feral cats. The perplexing issues of where a "feral" cat fits in local ordinance depends on the consideration as to whether they are pets or wildlife and whether they are "owned" or not. Many ordinances restrict feeding of wildlife (excluding birds). Then there are ordinances that restrict how many pets a person may own, and those that disallow free-roaming pets. In 2011, charges against Danni Joshua of Vandercook Lake, Michigan, for "allowing animals to run loose" were dismissed when she agreed to have her colony of 15–20 cats relocated. In 2012, 78-year-old Dawn Summers was sentenced to community service for 'hoarding"; she was feeding up to 27 community cats within a managed colony in a city-sanctioned program in Biloxi, Mississippi. Alley Cat Allies criticized the decision, stating that the community cats should not have been considered owned by the caregiver. The Virginia Supreme Court found a zoning ordinance too broad in 2013, when Henrico County charged Susan Mills for caring for feral cats, which the county said was not a permitted activity under the zoning. A circuit court judge had ordered her to stop feeding the cats, but that part of the decision was not enforceable.

Opponents of feral cats have also been prosecuted for violating animal-protection laws by trying to harm or kill the animals. In 2007, Jim Stevenson stood trial for shooting a cat from a colony in Galveston County, Texas, which he reportedly did after observing the colony cats hunting endangered piping plovers in the area. The trial resulted in a hung jury because of a gap in the law stating that ownership of the animal had to be proven, an issue that has since been resolved. In December 2011, wildlife biologist Nico Dauphiné received a suspended sentence for attempting to kill feral cats with rat poison in Washington, DC.

See also
 Overpopulation in domestic animals
 Spaying and neutering
 Wildlife contraceptive

References

Further reading
Free Ranging and Feral Cats. US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series

An Examination of an Iconic Trap-Neuter-Return Program: The Newburyport, Massachusetts Case Study
The Cat Conundrum. Tens of millions of free-roaming felines take a huge toll on wildlife; what to do about them has spawned battles from coast to coast
ICAM - Humane Cat Population Management Guidelines International Companion Animal Management Coalition.Includes a wide range of solutions, including TNR, to surgical and non-surgical sterilization, and lethal methods; outlines a five-stage program.
Guide to Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) and Colony Care from Alley Cat Allies, the ASPCA and the Mayor's Alliance for NYC's Animals
 Criticism of TNR, and advocacy of "a movement to overcome local and national challenges caused by free-roaming cats".
The Outdoor Cat: Science and Policy from a Global Perspective, December 3-4, 2012, Marina del Rey, California
A Beginners Guide to TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return)

Animal welfare
Feral cats

Trap–neuter–return


إهيمه إف سي  هو نادي كرة قدم في دور المحترفين الياباني يقع مركزه في ماتسوياما، إهيمه، محافظة إهيمه، اليابان. تأسس النادي عام 1970.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي للنادي

أندية الدوري الياباني
أندية رابطة كرة القدم اليابانية
أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1970
أندية كرة قدم في اليابان
تأسيسات سنة 1970 في اليابان
فرق رياضية في محافظة إهيمه
قوالب تشكيلات أندية كرة قدم يابانية

إهيمه إف سي


El Sabueso de Hannover es una raza de perro de caza y presa.

Descendiente de los Bloodhounds de la Edad Media, se introduce en Francia durante los años 1980 y aún hoy es una raza poco extendida. Fue cruzada con el sabueso de Baviera para crear el Sabueso bávaro de montaña.

Temperamento
Como todos los perros de trabajo el Hannover necesita vivir en un lugar donde pueda hacer mucho ejercicio, no siendo adecuado para la vida en la ciudad. Son tranquilos y leales, además de persistentes y obstinados en la caza.

Referencias

Véase también
Sabueso bávaro de montaña

Enlaces externos
 Álbum de fotos del Hanoverian Hound

Grupo 6 de la FCI
Sabuesos
Razas caninas poco frecuentes
Razas de perro de Alemania

Sabueso de Hannover


Nefes Nefese Ayşe Kulin'in 2002 yılında yayınlanan kitabıdır.

Hakkında
Osmanlı Devleti'nin son Sıhhiye Nazırı Fazıl Reşat Paşa'nın kızı Selva ile, âşık olduğu Musevi genci Rafael, evlenmelerine karşı çıkan aileleri tarafından dışlanınca Fransa'ya giderler. Ancak burada da huzur bulamayacak, II. Dünya Savaşı'nın başlamasıyla, bu kez de Hitler'in ağına takılacaklardır. Etraflarını saran Nazi çemberi gitgide daralırken, her an tutuklanıp kamplara yollanma korkusuyla yaşamaktadırlar. İşte tam o yıllarda Türkiye, savaşın ateşine bulaşmadan, Almanlarla Müttefikler arasında gerili ince ipte, bir cambaz maharetiyle yürümeye çalışmaktadır.

Ayşe Kulin bu romanında, hem ülkeyi savaşın ortasından başarıyla geçiren kadronun hem de Selva ile Rafael'in zor aşkının peşine düşerek, İstanbul'dan Marsilya'ya, Ankara'dan Kahire'ye kadar uzanırken, kendi canları pahasına yüzlerce Yahudi'yi Nazi kıyımından kurtaran Türk diplomatlarının kahramanlıklarını da gün ışığına çıkarıyor.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Nefes Nefese dizisi

Dış bağlantılar
 AyşeKulin.org

Ayşe Kulin romanları
2002 romanları
Holokost romanları
Türkçe romanlar
Politik romanlar
Çağdaş Türk romanları

Nefes Nefese (roman)


An Ponthieva brenesii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Ponthieva brenesii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ponthieva, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ponthieva

Ponthieva brenesii


ගලපාත පංසල  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ගාල්ල පරිපාලන දිස්තික්කයේ බද්දේගම පාදේශිය ලේකම් කොටිටාශයේ වදුරඹ කොටසේ ඉහල ලේල්වල ගමේ පිහිටා ඇති ඓතිහාසික වටිනාකමකින් යුත් මහනුවර යුගයට අයත් පැරණි පංසලකි

වත්මන් විහාරාධිපති පුජ්‍ය බද්දේගම ධම්මික හිමියන් වේ මෙම පංසල 'වසර 1000ක් පමණ පැරණි බව විවිධ මුලාශ මගින් තහවුරැ වේ

ලේල්වල ගලපාත පංසල


Le magar est une langue sino-tibétaine parlée par les Magars, principalement au Népal mais aussi en Inde et au Bhoutan.

Sources

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Langue au Népal
Langue en Inde
Langue au Bhoutan

Magar (langue)


Kvenir eru minnihlutahópur í Noregi af finnskum uppruna. Landsvæðið sem þeir búa á heitir Kvenland og er í norðurhluta Noregs. Flestir kvenir tala kvensku, fennískt tungumál sem er oft talið afbrigði finnsku.

Kvenir
Þjóðflokkar í Noregi

Kvenir


අධික ලෙස මුත්‍රා  පිටවීම, දැඩිලෙස තිබහ ඇතිවීම සහ ආහාර රුචිය වැඩිවීම යනු දියවැඩියාවේ ප්‍රධාන රෝග ලක්ෂණ තුනයි. මෙමගින් නිතර නිතර මුත්‍රා පිටවීම නිසා වරින්වර ජලය පානයට ගැනීම අවශ්‍ය වීම සහ කුසගින්න ඉහළයාමක් සිදුවෙයි. පළමු වන වර්ගයේ දියවැඩියාව ඇති විශේෂයෙන් කුඩා ළමුන්ට ඉහත කී රෝග ලක්ෂණ ඉක්මනින් ඇති වේ. කෙසේ නමුත් දෙවන වර්ගයේ දියවැඩියාව ඇති රෝගීන්ට රෝග ලක්ෂණ මතුවීම පමාවන නමුත් ඇතැම් අවස්ථා වලදී තදින් රෝග ලක්ෂණ නොපෙන්වන අතර විටෙක රෝග ලක්ෂණ නොමැතිව වුවද දෙවන වර්ගයේ දියවැඩියාව ඇති වේ. පළමු වන වර්ගයේ දියවැඩියාවේ දී වේගවත් සහ කැපී පෙනෙන ලෙස බරෙහි අඩුවීමක් සිදුවන අතර ඇග පතෙහි තෙහෙට්ටුවද ඇති වේ. බර අඩුවීම හැරුණු කළ අනෙකුත් රෝග ලක්ෂණ සියල්ලක්ම පාලනය නොකල දෙවන වර්ගයේ දියවැඩියාව ඇති රෝගීන්ට අති විය හැකිය.

රුධිරයෙහි ග්ලුකොස් සාන්ද්‍රණය වකුගඩුවල ග්‍ලුකෝස්වල දේහලීය අගයට වඩා ඉහළ ගිය විට වකුගඩු වල අවිදුර සංවලිත නාලිකාවෙහි ග්ලුකොස් අවශෝෂණය අසම්පුර්ණ වන බැවින් මුත්‍රා සමග ග්ලුකෝස් පිට වේ. මුත්‍රා වල ආශ්‍රැතික පීඩනය ඉහළයාම නිසා වකුගඩු වලින් ජලය ප්‍රතිශෝෂණ කිරීම වැළකීමේන් මුත්‍රා නිෂ්පාදනය කිරීමේ වේගය වැඩි වන අතර සිරුරින් වැඩි වශයෙන් ජලය ඉවත් වෙයි. මෙලෙස ආශ්‍රැතිය නිසා සිරුරේ සෛල වලින් ඉවත් වන තරල පරිමාව මගින් විජලනය ඇති වීම වැළක්වීම සදහා අදාල රෝගියාට නිතරම පිපාසය ඇති වේ.

දිගුකාලීනව රුධිර ග්ලුකෝස් මට්‍ටම ඉහළයාම හේතුවෙන් ඇසෙහි අක්ෂි කාචය තුළට වැඩි ග්ලුකොස් ප්‍රමාණයක් අවශෝෂණය වීමෙන් එහි හැඩය වෙනස් වීමෙන් රෝගියාගේ දෘෂ්ටියෙහි වෙනස්කම් ඇති වේ. ඇස් පෙනීම බොදවීම දියවැඩියාව ඇති බවට හදුනා ගැනීම සදහා වඩාත් බහුලවම දක්නට ඇති රෝග ලක්ෂණයකි. පළමු වන වර්ගයේ දියවැඩියාව ඇති රෝගීන් හට ඉතා ඉක්මනින් ඇස්පෙනීම දුර්වල වන අතර දෙවන වර්ගයේ දියවැඩියාව ඇති අයගේ දෘෂ්ටිය පරිහානියට පත් වනුයේ ක්‍රම ක්‍රමයෙන් දිගුකාලයක් තුළදීය.

සාමාන්‍යයෙන් පළමුවන වර්ගයේ දියවැඩියාව ඇති රෝගීන් දියවැඩියාව නිසා ඇති වන කීටෝන අම්ලතාවය සමග මුල් වරට රෝගය ඇති බවට හදුනා‍ගැනේ. මෙහිදී  අදාල රෝගියාගේ පරිවෘත්තීය ක්‍රියාවල අක්‍රමිකතාවයක් ඇති වන අතර රෝගියා හුස්ම ගැනීම වේගවත් හා ගැඹුරු එකක් වන අතර (Kussmaul breathing) හුස්ම වල ඇසිටෝන දුගදක් නිකුත් කරයි. තවද අධිකව මුත්‍රා පිටවීම, ඔක්කාරය, වමනය, උද‍රයෙහි වේදනාව සහ සිහිකල්පනාවෙහි වෙනස් වීම ඇති වේ. කීටෝන අම්ලතාවය වඩාත් දරුණු තත්ත්වයකට පත් වු විට එමගින් කෝමා තත්ත්වයක් ඇති විය හැකි අතර මරණයද ලගා කර දිය හැකිය. මෙය වහා ක්‍රියාත්මක වන පරිදි රෝගියා රෝහල් ගත කර ප්‍රතිකාර ලබාදිය යුතු තත්ත්වයකි.

මේ ආකාරයෙන්ම සමාන බැරෑරුම් තත්ත්වයක් වනුයේ කීටෝන මගින් ඇති නොවන රුධිරයෙහි ආස්‍රැතිය ඉහළයාම මගින් ඇති වන කෝමා තත්ත්වයයි. (Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma) මෙය දෙවන වර්ගයේ දියවැඩියාව ඇති රෝගීන් අතර බහුල වන අතර මෙය ප්‍රධානය ඇති වනුයේ සිරුරෙන් ජලය ඉවත් වීම නිසා ඇති වන විජලනය හේතුවෙනි. මෙහිදී රෝගියා අධිකව සීනි සාන්ද්‍රණයක් ඇති තරල වර්ග පානයට ගනු ලබන අතර විෂම චක්‍රයක් ආකාරයට සිරුරින් තවදුරටත් ජලය ඉවත් වේ.

දියවැඩියාව නිසි ලෙස පලනය නොකලේ නම් ඈතිවිය හැකි සංකූලතා 2කි.
                macro vascular හා micro vascular
  micro vascular
          ප්‍රධාන ව්යාධි 3 කි.එනම් අක්ෂි,ස්නායු හා වෘක්කීය යනුවෙනි.(ophthalmopathi,neuropathi and nepropathi)

දියවැඩියාවෙහි රෝග ලක්ෂණ


Miguel Ángel González Vega (Abanillas, Val de San Vicente, Cantabria, 6 de febrero de 1955) es un político español que desempeña la función de senador por Cantabria, también fue alcalde de Val de San Vicente durante 25 años y presidente del Partido Socialista de Cantabria.

Biografía
Fue alcalde de Val de San Vicente entre 1987 y el 10 de marzo de 2012, repitiendo cargo en las legislaturas siguientes, incluida la constituida tras la celebración de las municipales de 2011.

Tras el XI Congreso Regional del Partido Socialista de Cantabria celebrado en octubre de 2008, fue nombrado presidente del PSC-PSOE en sustitución de Blanca Rosa Gómez Morante. Fue sustituido en la presidencia del partido por Ángel Agudo tras el XII Congreso Regional, celebrado entre el 30 de marzo y 1 de abril.

El 22 de septiembre de 2011 fue elegido como cabeza de lista del PSC-PSOE al Senado para las elecciones generales de 2011, finalmente fue elegido y tomó posesión el 13 de diciembre.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Ficha en la página oficial del Senado

Políticos de España del siglo XX
Políticos de España del siglo XXI
Políticos del Partido Socialista de Cantabria-PSOE
Líderes autonómicos del Partido Socialista Obrero Español
Alcaldes del Partido Socialista Obrero Español
Alcaldes de Cantabria
Senadores por la provincia de Cantabria
Senadores de la X Legislatura de España
Senadores de la XI Legislatura de España
Senadores de la XII Legislatura de España
Cántabros del siglo XX
Cántabros del siglo XXI
Nacidos en Val de San Vicente

Miguel Ángel González Vega


Thomas McNulty est un nom pouvant désigner:

 (1859-1932), parolier américain
 (1906-1995), homme politique et auteur américain
 (1929-1979), joueur anglais de football

Voir aussi
 (1818-1898), évêque catholique irlandais

McNulty, Thomas

Thomas McNulty


Gülseren Akalın (d. 22 Ağustos 1958 Akhisar, Manisa), Emekli Öğretim Üyesi, yazar.

Biyografi
Gülseren (Bıçak) Akalın, 1976 yılında girdiği İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih bölümünden 1980 yılında mezun oldu. Mezuniyetin ardından çeşitli okullarda tarih öğretmeni olarak görev yaptı. 1984 yılında Çukurova Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Bölümüne okutman olarak atandı. Çukurova Üniversitesine bağlı çeşitli fakültelerde Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi dersini okuturken Hacettepe Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsünde lisansüstü öğrenimini sürdürdü. 1990 yılında anılan enstitüde Millî Mücadele'de Adana Basını adlı tezi ile yüksek lisansını tamamladı. Türk Düşünce ve Siyasi Hayatında Ahmet Ağaoğlu başlıklı tezi ile de 1999 yılında Hacetepe Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsünde doktorasını tamamlayarak Atatürk İlkeleri ve inkılapçılıkğınızdaski tarihi alanında hemşire unvanını aldı.

4 Ekim 1999 tarihinde Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü'ne yardımcı doçent olarak atandı. Çukurova Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Araştırma Uygulama Merkezi Müdürlüğü, Çukurova Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Bölüm Başkanlığı ve Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölüm Başkanlığı görevlerini 1999 – 2006 yılları arasında yürüttü.

Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Başkanlığında Başkan Danışmanı olarak da görev yapan Yard. Doç. Dr. Gülseren Akalın, 2008 yılında emekli oldu.

Yayınları

Kitapları
 Milli Mücadele Döneminde Adana Basını (Vikipedi), Türkoloji Araştırmaları yayını, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1998
 Kurtuluş Savaşı ve Atatürkçülük Üzerine Yazılar, Konuşmalar, Türkoloji Araştırmaları yayını, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1999
 Türk Düşüncә ve Siyasi Hәyatında Әhmәd Ağaoğlu, AZATAM Azerbaycan Atatürk Merkezi yayını, Çevirәni vә nәşrә hazırlayanı Samirә Mәmmәdova, Bakü, 2004

Makaleleri ve bildirileri

 Kurtuluş Savaşı'nda Adana basını
 Adana'nın Gazi'li Günleri (Makale)
 "Kurtuluş Savaşında Adana Basını", Adana Köprü Başı, Yapı Kredi yayını, s. 122-127, İstanbul, 2000
 "Adananın Gazili Günleri", Adana Köprü Başı, Yapı Kredi yayını, s. 136-141, İstanbul, 2000
 "Musul Sorununun Ortaya Çıkışı", Türk Dili Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, Türk Dil Kurumu yayını, Ankara, S. 615, s. 312-317, Mart 2003
 "Bozkurt-Lotus Davası ve Atatürk", Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi, V. Uluslararası Atatürk Kongresi 8 – 12 Aralık 2003, Ankara; Beşinci Uluslararası Atatürk Kongresi (Bildiriler), C. II, s. 1555-1565, Ankara, 2005
 "Modernity in Turkey and a modernist Ahmet Ağaoğlu", 47th Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference, 31 Temmuz – 4 Ağustos 2004, Cambridge, England
 "Dil Devriminin Yeni Adana Gazetesi'ndeki Yansımaları", Türk Dil Kurumu, V. Uluslararası Türk Dili Kurultayı, 20 – 26 Eylül 2004 Ankara; V. Uluslararası Türk Dili Kurultayı Bildirileri I, s. 73-84, Türk Dil Kurumu yayını, Ankara, 2004

Dış bağlantılar
 Kim kimdir?
 Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Başkanlığı

1958 doğumlular
20. yüzyıl Türk tarihçileri
21. yüzyıl Türk tarihçileri
İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Çukurova Üniversitesi
Yaşayan insanlar
Akhisar doğumlular

Gülseren Akalın