A Mithraeum , sometimes spelled Mithreum and Mithraion (), is a Mithraic temple, erected in classical antiquity by the worshippers of Mithras. Most Mithraea can be dated between 100 BC and 300 AD, mostly in the Roman Empire.

The Mithraeum was either an adapted natural cave or cavern, or a building imitating a cave. Where possible, the Mithraeum was constructed within or below an existing building, such as the Mithraeum found beneath the Basilica of San Clemente in Rome. While most Mithraea are underground, some feature openings in the ceiling to allow light to enter, a reminder of the connection to the universe and the passage of time. The site of a Mithraeum may also be identified by its singular entrance or vestibule, which stands across from an apse at the back of which stands an altar on a pedestal, often in a recess, and its "cave", called the Spelaeum or Spelunca, with raised benches along the side walls for the ritual meal. Many mithraea that follow this basic plan are scattered over much of the Roman Empire's former territory, particularly where the legions were stationed along the frontiers (such as Britain). Others may be recognized by their characteristic layout, even though converted into crypts beneath Christian churches.

From the structure of the Mithraea it is possible to surmise that worshippers would have gathered for a common meal seated on the benches lining the walls.

The Mithraeum primarily functioned as an area for initiation, into which the soul descends and exits. The Mithraeum itself was arranged as an "image of the universe". It is noticed by some researchers that this movement, especially in the context of mithraic iconography (see below), seems to stem from the neoplatonic concept that the "running" of the sun from solstice to solstice is a parallel for the movement of the soul through the universe, from pre-existence, into the body, and then beyond the physical body into an afterlife.

Notable mithraea
Belgium
 Tienen Mithraeum

Bosnia
 Jajce
 Konjic

France
 Angers
 Biesheim
 Mackwiller
 Mariana
 Sarrebourg
 Strasbourg (district of Koenigshoffen)

Germany

 Cologne
 Dieburg/Darmstadt
 Frankfurt-Heddernheim
 Freiburg im Breisgau, mithraeum relics from Riegel displayed in Freiburg museum
 Gimmeldingen, Mithras-Heiligtum  Gimmeldingen Sehenswertes (German language)
 Güglingen
 Hanau
 Heidelberg, Kurpfälzisches Museum
 Königsbrunn (near Augsburg)
 Mainz, Consecration Altars of the Mithraeum Mogontiacum
 Neuss (Legionslager Castra Novaesia)
 Osterburken
 Riegel am Kaiserstuhl (near Freiburg im Breisgau)
 Saalburg
 Saarbrücken
 Schwarzerden
 Wiesloch

Greece
 Elefsina
 Aigio
 Thermes

Hungary
Aquincum Mithraeum (of Victorinus). Remains open within Aquincum Archaeological Park.
Savaria Mithraeum
Fertorakos Mithraeum

Israel
Caesarea Maritima
Possibly in Jerusalem, Via Dolorosa, near the Second Station, where two vases with specific iconography were excavated

Italy

In the city of Rome:
Mithraeum of the Circus Maximus. Remains open by appointment.
Barberini Mithraeum. Remains open by appointment.
Mithraeum of San Clemente, under the basilica of San Clemente. Remains visible in the archaeological museum.
Mithraeum of the Baths of Caracalla. Remains open by appointment.
Castra Peregrinorum mithraeum, under the church of Santo Stefano Rotondo. Remains open by appointment.
Mithraeum under the Santa Prisca basilica. Remains open by appointment.
Mithraeum of the Seven Spheres, in Ostia Antica
In Campania:
Mithraeum of  Santa Maria Capua Vetere
Mithraeum of Naples
In Lazio:
Mithraeum in the crypt of the romanesque church of the Madonna del Parto, Sutri.

Romania
A reconstructed Mithraeum in the Brukenthal Museum's Lapidarium, with some of the items unearthed at Apulum (Alba Iulia).
Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa.

Spain
Roman Ville of Fuente Álamo's Mithraeum (Puente Genil).
Archaeological site at Emerita Augusta.
University Museum A Domus do Mitreo (The Domus of the Mithraeum) next to the Roman walls of Lugo, in Galicia.

Switzerland
Martigny (ancient Octodurus) - a reconstructed Mithraeum

Syria
Duro-Europos - Transported to and rebuilt at Yale University's Gallery of Fine Arts.
Hawarte

United Kingdom
Caernarfon Mithraeum, Wales.
Carrawburgh, Hadrian's Wall, England. Remains open.
London Mithraeum, England. Remains open.
Rudchester Mithraeum, England.

References

External links
 List of mithraea from Mithraeum.eu
 Capua's Mithraeum (Santa Maria Capua Vetere)

nl:Taurobolium

Mithraeum


Hava taşıtı ya da hava aracı, taşıma kapasitesine sahip her nevi insanlı ya da insansız uçan araç. uçak, helikopter, insansız hava aracı, Balon, zeplin, planör ve yelken kanat  gibi çok geniş bir yelpazedeki tüm uçabilen araçlar hava aracı sayılırlar.

Tarihçe
Tarihin en eski çağlarından beri uçabilmek insanoğlunun en büyük hayallerinden biri olmuştur. İnsanoğlu ilk olarak uçurtmayı insan ve malzeme nakli için kullanmaya çalıştı.  Uçurtmanın ana vatanı kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte 3000 yıl önce Çin'de yaygın olarak kullanılmaktaydı. İlk kullanılabilir/işe yarar hava taşıtı ise, 1783'te icat edilen sıcak hava hidrojen balonu oldu.

19. yüzyılda Britanyalı bilim insanı George Cayley, yay tipi uçurtmalardan bir hava taşıtı üretti. 1853'te ise ilk insanlı planör uçuşu kayıtlara geçti. İtme ve taşıma kuvvetlerinin anlaşılması, insanoğlunun tarih öncesi çağlardan beri saplanıp kaldığı kanat çırpma düşüncesinden sıyrılmasını sağladı. 1890'larda Alman Otto Lilienthal, bugünkü yelken kanata benzer bir uçurtma ile ilk süzülen insan oldu.

Başarısız birkaç denemeden sonra ilk başarılı zeplin 1852 yılında Fransız Henri Giffard tarafından üretildi. Birçok başarılı uçuşa rağmen zeplinler masraflı, yavaş ve hava şartlarından çok etkilenen bir taşıt olması nedeniyle 1930'larda terk edilmeye başlandı. 1937'deki Hindenburg faciası gibi önemli bazı kazalardan sonra ticari kullanımı 1940'larda tamamen durduruldu.

17 Aralık 1903'te Wilbur ve Orville Wright kardeşler, ilk motorlu ve kontrol edilebilir uçakla uçuşu gerçekleştirdiler.

Bazı hava taşıtları

Ayrıca bakınız
 Uçma
 Sabit kanatlı hava taşıtı

Kaynakça

Hava aracı


النبات المنزلي هو نبات ينمو ضمن المباني مثل المنازل والمكاتب والحدائق الداخلية المنزلية، وذلك بخلاف النباتات الأخرى التي يتطلب نموها وجودها في الحدائق أو في الفلاة، حيث أن النباتات المنزلية بإمكانها أن تنمو في الأماكن الظليلة وفي الأماكن ذات الرطوبة العالية نسبيا.

وتستخدم النباتات المنزلية في العادة كنباتات زينة وأيضا لتلطيف الجو داخل الغرف المغلقة.

النباتات المنزلية وتأثيرها على تلوث الهواء في الأماكن المغلقة

تقلل النباتات المنزلية من مكونات تلوث الهواء في الأماكن المغلقة، بالأخص المركب عضوي متطاير مثل البنزين والتولوين والزيلين وغيرهم.
وتتم إزالة المركبات الضارة في المقام الأول من قبل الكائنات المجهرية في التربة.

كما قد تتمكن أيضا النباتات المنزلية من إزالة ثنائي أكسيد الكربون، حيث تنخفض منسوبيته في المناطق المغلقة.

وقد تم التحقق من تأثير النباتات وجدواها من قبل وكالة ناسا لاستخدامها في المركبات الفضائية

وتظهر التأثيرات الإيجابية للنباتات المنزلية أيضا في الحد من الميكروبات المحمولة جوا، كما تساهم في زيادة الرطوبة.

مصادر ومراجع
 استخدام الكائنات الحية POT-النباتات لتنظيف وتطهير الهواء
 النباتات أوراق الشجر لتحسين جودة الهواء في الأماكن المغلقة. وكالة ناسا. _(Wolverton BC.(1988

طالع أيضا
 قائمة ناسا لأفضل النباتات المنزلية لتنقية الهواء
 أصيص
 مركب عضوي متطاير

معرض صور

تصميم داخلي

نبات منزلي


Alejandro Cambridge, I conde de Athlone (cuyo nombre de nacimiento en alemán era Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George Cambridge prinz von Teck); (Palacio de Kensington, Londres, 14 de abril de 1874-Ibidem, 16 de enero de 1957), fue un comandante militar y general de división británico, miembro de la familia real y hermano menor de la reina María. Sirvió como gobernador general de la Unión de Sudáfrica y como gobernador general de Canadá.

Biografía

Primeros años, educación y carrera militar

El príncipe Alejandro nació el 14 de abril de 1874 en el palacio de Kensington, en Londres. Sus padres fueron el príncipe Francisco, duque de Teck —hijo del duque Alejandro de Würtemberg y su esposa morganática, la condesa Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde— y la princesa María Adelaida de Cambridge —tercera hija del príncipe Adolfo, duque de Cambridge y la princesa Augusta de Hesse-Cassel. Aunque su madre era nieta del rey Jorge III y prima de la reina Victoria, como hijo de un príncipe de Teck, en Württemberg, recibió desde su nacimiento el tratamiento de Su Alteza Serenísima y ostentó el título de príncipe Alejandro de Teck.

Cuando tenía nueve años, sus padres estuvieron dos años fuera del Reino Unido con la intención de escapar de sus acreedores, pero Alejandro permaneció en el Eton College antes de pasar a la Real Academia de Sandhurst. En 1894, después de completar su formación como oficial, Alejandro fue comisionado como teniente segundo en el Séptimo Regimiento de Húsares de la Reina, y poco después sirvió en la Segunda Guerra Matabele. Su nombre y acciones meritorias fueron mencionados en los reportes de sus superiores durante el conflicto y al terminar la guerra, el 8 de diciembre de 1898, fue designado caballero comendador de la Real Orden Victoriana por la reina Victoria. Más tarde, por sus acciones en la Segunda Guerra Bóer, recibió la Orden al Servicio Distinguido en abril de 1901, de manos del rey Eduardo VII.

Matrimonio e hijos
El 16 de noviembre de 1903, se anunció el compromiso del príncipe Alejandro de Teck con su prima segunda, Alicia de Albany, hija del príncipe Leopoldo, duque de Albany y por tanto nieta de la reina Victoria y sobrina de quien entonces estaba próximo a ser Gobernador General de Canadá, el príncipe Arturo, duque de Connaught y de Strathearn. El matrimonio se celebró en la capilla de St. George en el Castillo de Windsor, el 10 de febrero de 1904, y seis días después, como parte de la celebración del matrimonio, el príncipe fue elevado a Caballero Gran Cruz de la Real Orden Victoriana. Durante los siguientes años la pareja tuvo tres hijos: la princesa May de Teck, nacida en 1906; el príncipe Rupert de Teck, nacido en 1907; y el príncipe Mauricio de Teck. Sin embargo, Mauricio vivió menos de seis meses, entre el 29 de marzo y el 14 de septiembre de 1910.

Primera Guerra Mundial
Previo al estallido de la Primera Guerra Mundial en 1914, el príncipe Alejandro, quien había sido ascendido a mayor y tenía a sus órdenes el Segundo Regimiento de Life Guards, fue nominado por el primer ministro británico Herbert Asquith para servir como Gobernador General de Canadá. Sin embargo, el príncipe fue llamado al servicio activo con su regimiento, partiendo a pelear en Francia y Flandes.

Debido al sentimiento antialemán que predominaba en el Reino Unido, el rey Jorge V renunció a sus títulos alemanes y renombró la casa real, del alemán «Sajonia-Coburgo-Gotha» al británico «Windsor», tomando este último como apellido oficial para todos los descendientes en línea paterna de la reina Victoria. Otros miembros de la nobleza también renunciaron a sus títulos alemanes y cambiaron sus nombres a una forma inglesa. Con motivo de una real orden emitida el 14 de julio de 1917, Alejandro —junto con su hermano, el príncipe Adolfo, duque de Teck— igualmente renunció a todos sus títulos, tratamientos y honores alemanes y adoptó el apellido británico de Cambridge, derivado del ducado de su abuelo materno. Alejandro fue conocido simplemente como sir Alejandro Cambridge —recibió el tratamiento honorario de «sir» debido a su posición como Caballero Comandante de la Real Orden Victoriana—, hasta que el 7 de noviembre de 1917, el rey lo nombró conde de Athlone y vizconde de Trematon. Athlone había declinado un marquesado, porque pensó que el título no sonaba lo suficientemente británico. La esposa de Athlone conservó su título y tratamiento real, mientras que sus hijos sobrevivientes se convirtieron en lady May Cambridge y Rupert Cambridge, vizconde de Trematon. Rupert iba a heredar el título de conde de Athlone, pero murió el 15 de abril de 1928, diez días antes de su vigésimo primer cumpleaños, lo que causó que la tercera creación del título se extinguiera con la muerte del primer conde.

Tras el cese de hostilidades en Europa en 1918, Athlone se retiró del ejército y ocupó algunos puestos en el área civil, comenzando en el Hospital Middlesex. Debido a su experiencia allí, fue nombrado para presidir una comisión de investigación sobre las necesidades de los médicos en 1921. Conocido como el Comité de Athlone, su trabajo condujo a la creación de escuelas de postgrado para la educación e investigación médica, como la Royal Postgraduate Medical School (Real Escuela de Medicina de Postgrado) en el Hospital Hammersmith y la London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (Escuela de Higiene y Medicina Tropical de Londres).

Gobernador General de la Unión de Sudáfrica
En 1923, Athlone fue ascendido por el rey a Mayor General —a pesar de su retiro del ejército— y nombrado Gobernador General de la Unión de Sudáfrica, en reemplazo del primo de su esposa, el príncipe Arturo de Connaught. Llegó a Pretoria en enero de 1924 y de inmediato comenzó a desempeñar sus deberes virreinales, abrió el recién terminado edificio del Parlamento, unas semanas antes de que el Primer Ministro de Sudáfrica, Jan Smuts, le aconsejara repentinamente que prorrogara la legislatura.

En la siguiente elección —cuya gestión obligó a Athlone a cancelar la prevista gira de Eduardo, príncipe de Gales— el Partido Nacional ganó la mayoría de los escaños en la Asamblea Nacional, lo que hizo que Athlone designara al líder del partido, James Barry Munnik Hertzog, como su nuevo primer ministro. Por esa época el nacionalismo afrikáner iba aumentando en el dominio, Hertzog era republicano y promovía la separación de Sudáfrica del Imperio británico, por tanto propuso que el país adoptara su propia bandera sobre la bandera de la Unión. Athlone, sin embargo, resultó empático y discreto y resolvió el problema promoviendo una bandera que sería exclusiva de Sudáfrica, pero que contenía la bandera de la Unión dentro de ella, pese a la oposición de numerosos afrikáners. Athlone ganó popularidad entre los sudafricanos de todas las razas a través de sus frecuentes giras por el país, realizando una serie de deberes ceremoniales, que incluyeron la apertura del Pioneer Park en Johannesburgo.

Por su servicio a la corona en Sudáfrica, Jorge V lo nombró compañero de la Orden de la Jarretera el 17 de abril de 1928, a su regreso al Reino Unido, el 4 de agosto de 1931, fue nombrado gobernador y alguacil del castillo de Windsor. Al año siguiente fue seleccionado como rector de la Universidad de Londres, que puesto que mantuvo hasta 1955.

Lord Athlone se desempeñó luego como rector de la Universidad de Londres, hasta que en 1940 fue nombrado Gobernador General del Canadá por Jorge VI, rey de Canadá, por recomendación del Primer Ministro de Canadá, William Lyon Mackenzie King, en sustitución de Lord Tweedsmuir como virrey, ocupando el cargo hasta que fue sucedido por el Harold Alexander en 1946. Athlone resultó ser decisivo en el esfuerzo de participación de Canadá en la guerra y anfitrión de los estadistas británicos y norteamericanos.

Títulos y órdenes

Títulos
Reino de Württemberg
 14 de abril de 1874 - 14 de julio de 1917: Su Alteza Serenísima el príncipe Alejandro de Teck.

Reino Unido
 14 de julio de 1917 - 17 de julio de 1917: Brigadier sir Alejandro de Cambridge.
 17 de julio de 1917 - 1918: Brigadier el Muy Honorable conde de Athlone.
 1918 - 21 de enero de 1924: Mayor General el Muy Honorable conde de Athlone.
 21 de enero de 1924 - 21 de diciembre de 1930: Su Excelencia Mayor General el Muy Honorable conde de Athlone, Gobernador General de la Unión de Sudáfrica.
 21 de diciembre de 1930 - 16 de enero de 1957: Mayor General el Muy Honorable conde de Athlone.

Canadá
 21 de junio de 1940 - 12 de abril de 1946: Su Excelencia el General el Muy Honorable conde de Athlone, Gobernador General y Comandante en Jefe de la Milicia, Fuerzas Navales y Aéreas de Canadá.

Órdenes

 Caballero gran cruz de la Orden de la Corona de Wurttemberg. (Reino de Wurtemberg)

Ancestros

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

 Biografía del conde de Athlone en el sitio web del Gobernador General de Canadá.
 Biografía del conde de Athlone en The Canadian Encyclopedia.

Familia Cambridge
Casa de Teck
Gobernantes de Sudáfrica
Gobernadores generales de Canadá
Políticos de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Doctores honoris causa por la Universidad McMaster
Doctores honoris causa por la Universidad de Columbia Británica
Doctores honoris causa por la Universidad Laval
Grandes maestres de la Orden de San Miguel y San Jorge
Caballeros de justicia de la Orden de San Juan
Caballeros grandes cruces de la Orden del Baño
Caballeros grandes cruces de la Real Orden Victoriana
Grandes cruces de la Orden de la Corona de Wurtemberg
Grandes cruces de la Orden de la Corona wéndica
Caballeros de la Orden de la Corona de Ruda
Grandes cordones de la Orden de Leopoldo
Caballeros grandes cruces de la Orden de Orange-Nassau
Sepultados en el Cementerio Real de Frogmore
Fallecidos en Londres
Políticos de Sudáfrica del siglo XX

Alejandro Cambridge


An Juncus uruguensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach. An Juncus uruguensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Juncus

Juncus uruguensis


Treća hrvatska nogometna liga – Jug 1999./2000.

Povezani članci
 1. ŽNL Dubrovačko-neretvanska 1999./2000.
 1. ŽNL Splitsko-dalmatinska 1999./2000.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori
 Croatia 1999./00.

1999./00. Jug
3-jug

3. HNL – Jug 1999./2000.


الحبيب بيدة، ولد بجزيرة قرقنة في 4 فبراير 1953 رسام وناقد تونسي، وأستاذ جامعي بالمعهد التكنولوجي للفن والهندسة المعمارية والتعمير بتونس.

تكوينه
دخل مدرسة الفنون الجميلة بتونس عام 1973 وتخرج منها عام 1977م. في عام 1980 ناقش أطروحة دكتوراه المرحلة الثالثة في الجمالية وعلوم الفن وكان موضوعها: فن وخط وزخرفة المخطوط القرآني من القرن التاسع إلى القرن الثاني عشر. المكتبة الوطنية بتونس. في عام 1993 ناقش أطروحة دكتوراه دولة بجامعة باريس الأولى السوربون حول: مفهوم تقليد الطبيعة في الفن العربي الإسلامي.

أعماله
أقام أول معرض له عام 1980 كما شارك في العديد من المعارض والتظاهرات الثقافية بتونس وخارجها، حيث عرض بكل من البلدان التالية: فرنسا، ليبيا، إسبانيا، ألمانيا، سويسرا، بلغاريا، رومانيا، المغرب، الجزائر، موريتانيا، الكويت، سوريا، الأردن، الإمارات العربية المتحدة، سلطنة عمان، الهند، كوبا.

اعترافات
 الجائزة الثانية لمعرض اتحاد التشكيليين التونسيين.
 الجائزة الخاصة بلجنة التحكيم لمعرض الشارقة الذي ينتظم مرة كل سنتين.
 الجائزة الكبرى لمدينة تونس.
 جائزة مدينة صفاقس لعام 2008.

وصلة خارجية

موقع الحبيب بيدة على الانترنت

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رسامون تونسيون في القرن 20
رسامون تونسيون في القرن 21
مواليد 1953

الحبيب بيدة


Uma Mohan (* 31. Oktober 1966 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu) ist eine indische Sängerin.

Leben
Uma Mohan wurde in Chennai im südlichen Teil des Subkontinents geboren und wuchs in einer von traditionellen musikalischen Einflüssen geprägten Familie auf. Bereits im frühen Kindesalter wurde sie von ihrer Mutter und Guru P.L. Saraswathy Ram aus Süd-Indien an die klassische indische Musik herangeführt. Sie erlernte während dieser Zeit unterschiedliche Kompositionen von ihrem Urgroßvater Mahathma Sri Neelakanta Sivan, einem "erleuchteten Heiligen" aus Padmanabhapuram. Ihr Vater, ein Industrieller aus Chennai, lieferte ihr dabei die Wurzeln ihrer Inspiration und Stärke.

Ihre Ausbildung schloss sie in der Rosary-Matriculation-Chennai ab und studierte einen Master of Commerce an der University of Madras.

Musik
Mohan erreichte durch ihre musikalischen Kompositionen des Sanskrits und der vedischen Schriften einen großen Bekanntheitsgrad. Der indische Sprechgesang bildet dabei Mischung aus alten Mantras und Texten, bis hin zu moderneren Musikstücken.

Diskografie

Einzelnachweise

Sänger
Inder
Geboren 1966
Frau

Uma Mohan


Massimo D'Alema (d. 20 Nisan 1949) İtalyan politikacı ve 1998 - 2000 yılları arasında İtalya Başbakanı. Romano Prodi'nin Başbakanlıktan ayrılmasından sonra, onun yerine geçti. 2006 - 2008 yılları arasında İtalya Dışişleri Bakanı olarak görev yaptı.

Kaynakça

1949 doğumlular
İtalya başbakanları
İtalya başbakan yardımcıları
İtalyan ateistler
Pisa Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Yaşayan insanlar
Avrupa Parlamentosu İtalyan üyeleri
İtalya Temsilciler Meclisi grup başkanları

Massimo D'Alema


Bassecoia, manji biljni rod iz porodice kozokrvnica raširen po Istočnoj Himalaji, Nepalu, Tajlandu, Tibetu, središnjem dijelu južne Kine i Qinghaiju.Pripadaju mu tri priznate vrste

Rod je nekada bio klasificiran porodici češljugovki (Dipsacaceae)

Vrste
 Bassecoia bretschneideri (Batalin) B. L. Burtt
 Bassecoia hookeri (C. B. Cl.) V.Mayer & Ehrend.
 Bassecoia siamensis (Craib) B. L. Burtt

Izvori

Češljugovke

Bassecoia


Um nicodemita é uma pessoa suspeita de deturpar publicamente a sua fé religiosa para esconder as suas verdadeiras crenças. O termo às vezes é definido como referindo-se a um cristão protestante que viveu num país católico romano e escapou da perseguição ocultando o seu protestantismo.

A palavra é normalmente um termo depreciativo. Introduzido no discurso religioso do século XVI, o seu uso persistiu no século XVIII e depois desse século. Originalmente empregado principalmente por protestantes, era geralmente aplicado a pessoas de posição e prática religiosa publicamente conservadora que se pensava serem secretamente humanistas ou reformadas.

Friedrich Heer no seu livro The Medieval World (1961; tradução inglesa publicada em 1962) refere-se ao círculo do século XII em Chartres como mestres do nicodemismo, que ele descreve como "pensamentos perigosos, alusões perigosas a assuntos eclesiásticos e políticos da atualidade e sobretudo a ideias difíceis ou impossíveis de conciliar com o dogma da Igreja ou com as máximas da teologia vigente".

Na Inglaterra, durante os séculos XVII e XVIII, o insulto de nicodemismo era frequentemente aplicado àqueles suspeitos de crenças secretas socinianas, arianistas ou proto-deístas.

Origem

O termo foi aparentemente introduzido por João Calvino (1509-1564) em 1544 no seu Excuse à messieurs les Nicodemites. Desde que a monarquia francesa aumentou a sua acusação de heresia com o Édito de Fontainebleau (1540), tornou-se cada vez mais perigoso professar publicamente crenças dissidentes, e buscava-se refúgio em imitar Nicodemos.

No Evangelho segundo João (João 3:1-2) aparece o personagem Nicodemos, um fariseu e membro do Sinédrio. Embora aparentemente permanecendo um judeu piedoso, ele vem a Jesus secretamente à noite para receber instruções. Embora ele se tenha tornado um santo, a sua dupla lealdade era um tanto suspeita.

Notáveis suspeitos de serem nicodemitas
 Edward Courtenay, 1º Conde de Devon (c.1527–1556), cortesão de Maria I da Inglaterra
 Tomás Cranmer (1489–1556), primeiro arcebispo anglicano de Canterbury sob Henrique VIII da Inglaterra
 Michelangelo (1475–1564), que esculpiu um retrato de si mesmo como Nicodemos na sua Pietà florentina
 Isaac Newton (1643-1727), eminente cientista e teólogo
 Reginald Cardinal Pole (1500–1558), último arcebispo católico romano de Canterbury

Ver também
 An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture
 Criptocristianismo
 Criptojudaísmo
 Criptopapismo
 Marrano
 Mourisco
 Posições religiosas de Isaac Newton
 Taqiya

Bibliografia
 Ginzburg, Carlo "Il nicodemismo. Simulazione e dissimulazione religiosa nell'Europa del Cinquecento", Einaudi, Torino 1970
 Eire, Carlos M. N. "Prelude to Sedition: Calvin's Attack on Nicodemism and Religious Compromise".  Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 76:120-45.
 Eire, Carlos M. N. "Calvin and Nicodemism: A Reappraisal".  Sixteenth Century Journal X:1, 1979.
 Livingstone, E. A. "Nicodemism". In The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000. Entrada disponível aqui.
 Overell, M. Anne Italian Reform and English Reformations, c.1535–c.1585.  The Open University, UK. 2008. Excerto disponível online.
 Overell, Anne.  "A Nicodemite in England and Italy: Edward Courtenay, 1548-46".  In John Foxe at Home and Abroad. D. M. Loades, ed.  Ashgate Publishing, Farnham, Surrey, UK, 2004.
 Pettegree, Andrew.  "Nicodemism and the English Reformation" in Marian Protestantism: Six Studies, St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History.  Aldershot, 1996, pp. 86–117.
 Shrimplin-Evangelidis, Valerie.  Michelangelo and Nicodemism: The Florentine Pietà. College Art Association, 1989.
 Snobelen, Stephen D. "Isaac Newton, heretic: the strategies of a Nicodemite."  The British Journal for the History of Science, 32:4:381-419. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
 Anderson Magalhães, All'ombra dell'eresia: Bernardo Tasso e le donne della Bibbia in Francia e in Italia, in Le donne della Bibbia, la Bibbia delle donne. Teatro, letteratura e vita, Atti del XV Convegno Internazionale di Studio organizzato dal Gruppo di Studio sul Cinquecento francese, Verona, 16-19 ottobre 2009, a cura di R. Gorris Camos, Fasano, Schena, 2012, pp. 159–218.

Reforma Protestante
Termos cristãos

Nicodemita


Gud - hvor er det svært er en dansk ungdomsfilm fra 2001, der er instrueret af Lone Falster. Filmen indgår på dvd i antologien Konfirmanderne / Gud hvor er det svært.

Handling
Når man ønsker noget, så sker det aldrig. Men når man virkelig beder, er det ligesom, det virker. Hvad skal man tro? Sisse befinder sig i en af de vigtigste og sværeste overgangsfaser i livet: overgangen fra barn til voksen. Mange kræfter er på spil, og nye fænomener dukker op på arenaen. Gud har ikke tidligere spillet nogen større rolle for Sisse, men den forestående konfirmation sætter gang i tankerne. Filmen følger Sisse over to år i hendes hverdag i en lille midtjysk by, og i interviewform reflekterer hun over at blive voksen og skulle tage stilling til Gud.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2001

Ungdomsfilm fra Danmark

Gud - hvor er det svært


COUM Transmissions  was a music and performance art collective who operated in the United Kingdom from 1969 through to 1976. The collective was influenced by the Dada and surrealism artistic movements, the writers of the Beat Generation, and underground music. COUM were openly confrontational and subversive, challenging aspects of conventional British society. Founded in Hull, Yorkshire by Genesis P-Orridge, other prominent early members included Cosey Fanni Tutti and Spydeee Gasmantell (also at school with Genesis P-Orridge). Part-time members included Tim Poston, "Brook" Menzies, Haydn Robb, Les Maull (aka The Reverend Lelli), Ray Harvey, John Smith (aka Jonji Smith), Foxtrot Echo, Fizzy Paet and John Gunni Busck (John Lacey). Later members included Peter "Sleazy" Christopherson and Chris Carter, who together with P-Orridge and Fanni Tutti went on to found the pioneering industrial band Throbbing Gristle in 1976.

It had a rotating membership, and included both intellectual and criminal elements and existed formally from 1969 until 1976. In that year, Genesis & Cosey exhibited at London's Institute of Contemporary Arts in a show called Prostitution, which consisted of explicit photographs of lesbians, assemblages of rusty knives, syringes, bloodied hair, used sanitary towels, press clippings and photo documentation of COUM performances in Milan and Paris. There was a lot of outrage expressed by London newspapers and UK politicians, including Tory MP Nicholas Fairbairn, who referred to COUM as the "wreckers of Western civilization". However, memberships to the ICA increased sharply as a result of the COUM show.

The last official COUM performances and art shows took place in 1976. Around that time, Genesis proclaimed to be through with performance art. Cosey, on the other hand, felt she had only just begun. Though she feels the name COUM to be "tainted" now and unusable, she has been known to say her individual projects are still a part of the COUM family of work. In fact, for a while she operated a website called Coum.

Foundation: 1968–1970
The founder of COUM Transmissions was Genesis P-Orridge (1950–2020), a Mancunian by birth who later founded Throbbing Gristle and other projects. A university student who had developed a great interest in the radical counter-culture, P-Orridge had dropped out of h/er studies at the University of Hull and spent three months living in the Transmedia Explorations commune in North London during late 1968. The commune members adhered to a strict regimen with the intention of deconditioning its members out of their routines and conventional behaviour; they were forbidden from sleeping in the same place on consecutive nights, food was cooked at irregular times of the day and all clothing was kept in a communal chest, with its members wearing something different on each day. P-Orridge stayed there for three months, until late October 1969, after deciding to leave, due being angered that the commune's leaders were given more rights than the other members, and believed that the group lacked an interest in music. After hitch-hiking across the country, Genesis P-Orridge settled down in the parents' new home in Shrewsbury, and volunteered as an office clerk in the father's new business.

P-Orridge first developed the concept for COUM on a family trip to Wales, while sitting in the back of the car; P-Orridge became "disembodied and heard voices and saw the COUM symbol and heard the words 'COUM Transmissions'." Returning home that evening, P-Orridge filled three notebooks with various artistic thoughts and ideas, influenced in part by time spent with Transmedia Explorations. In December 1969, P-Orridge returned to Hull to meet up with friend John Shapeero, with whom P-Orridge would turn COUM Transmissions into an avant-garde artistic and musical troupe. They initially debated as to how to define "COUM", later deciding that like the name dada it should remain open to interpretation. P-Orridge designed a logo for the group, consisting of a semi-erect penis formed out of the word COUM with a drip of semen coming out of the end, while the motto "YOUR LOCAL DIRTY BANNED" was emblazoned underneath. Another logo designed by Megson consisted of a hand-drawn seal accompanied by the statement "COUM guarantee disappointment"; from their early foundation, the group made use of wordplay in their artworks and adverts.

COUM's earliest public events were impromptu musical gigs performed at various pubs around Hull; titles for these events included Thee Fabulous Mutations, Space Between the Violins, Dead Violins and Degradation and Clockwork Hot Spoiled Acid Test. The latter combined the names of Anthony Burgess' dystopian science-fiction novel A Clockwork Orange (1962) with Tom Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (1968), a work of literary journalism devoted to the Merry Pranksters, a U.S. communal counter-cultural group who advocated the use of psychedelic drugs. COUM's music was anarchic and improvised, making use of such instruments as broken violins, prepared pianos, guitars, bongos and talking drums. As time went on, they would add further theatrics to their performances, in one instance making the audience crawl through a polythene tunnel in order to enter the venue.

In December 1969, P-Orridge and Shapeero moved out of their flat and into a former fruit warehouse in Hull's dockland area, overlooking the Humber. Named the Ho-Ho Funhouse by P-Orridge, the warehouse became the communal home to an assortment of counter-cultural figures, including artists, musicians, fashion designers and underground magazine producers. At Christmas 1969, a woman named Christine Carol Newby (1951–) moved into the Funhouse after being thrown out of her home by her father. Having earlier befriended P-Orridge at an acid test party, Newby would move into h/er room at the Funhouse, adopting the nom-de-guerre Cosey Fanni Tutti after the title of Amadeus Mozart's 1790 opera Così fan tutte. Joining COUM, Tutti initially helped in building props and designing costumes, and was there when the group began changing its focus from music to performance art and more theatrical happenings; one of these involved the group turning up to play a gig but intentionally not bringing any instruments, something P-Orridge considered "much more theatrical, farcical and light-hearted" than their earlier performances.

Notoriety in Hull: 1971–1973

On 5 January 1971, by now living at 8 Prince Street Hull, Megson officially changed his name to Genesis P-Orridge by deed poll, combining his adopted nickname of "Genesis" with a misspelling of "porridge", the foodstuff which he lived off as a student. His new nom-de-guerre was intentionally un-glamorous, and he hoped that by adopting it he would trigger his own "genius factor". This caught the attention of the Yorkshire Post, who featured an article on COUM Transmissions on 11 February. Soon, COUM began to attract further media attention from newspapers across the country. On 18 April 1971, COUM, consisting of Genesis P'Orridge & Spydeee Gasmantell broadcast their first live radio session, for the On Cue programme for Radio Humberside and were interviewed by Jim Hawkins. As well as their radio and press exposure, they performed a variety of other happenings, such as Riot Control at the Gondola Club and then their first street action, Absolute Everywhere, which got them in trouble with the local police force.

The Gondola Club was raided by the police and closed down soon after; most other local clubs blamed COUM and unofficially banned them from performing in the Hull area. COUM drew up a petition which they distributed locally to gain support for the group and as a result, the group got a booking at the local Brickhouse, which was their first performance in which the audience applauded and called for an encore. However, the petition had contained their phallic logo, and the police charged P-Orridge and fellow COUM member Haydn Robb (now known as Haydn Nobb) of publishing an obscene advert, although the charges were later dropped. Gaining coverage in the music press, interest in the band grew, and they were asked to support the rock band Hawkwind at St. George's Hall in Bradford in October 1971, where they performed a piece called Edna and the Great Surfers, where they led the crowd in shouting "Off, Off, Off". The following month, the band attracted the interest of John Peel, who discussed the band in Disco and Music Echo, remarking that "[s]ome might say that Coum were madmen but constant exposure to mankind forces me to believe that we need more madmen like them." They also featured in an article in Torch, the publication of the University of Hull's student union, entitled "God Sucks Mary's Hairy Nipple"; a title from a message received during a seance in Solihull attended by P'Orridge, Gasmantell and others in 1967. The author of the article, Haydn Robb, would subsequently join the performance collective. Tim Poston (1945–2017), subsequently a lecturer in mathematics at Warwick University went on to undertake research into catastrophe theory, influenced, it is claimed by Genesis P'Orridge, by his work in COUM.

COUM released one song produced in this early period, "Dry Blood Tampax", on their 1983 cassette 23 Drifts to Guestling. They recognised that they would never become a commercial success and so sought out other forms of funding, successfully applying for a small Experimental Arts Grant from the Yorkshire Arts Association, a publicly funded body. Now openly describing themselves as performance artists, COUM looked up to the work of the Dadaists and emphasised the amateur quality of their work, proclaiming that "[t]he future of music lies in non-musicians", and strongly contrasting themselves with the classically trained figures involved in progressive rock which had attained mainstream popularity in Britain at the time. P-Orridge began to take an increasing interest in infantilism, founding a fictitious school of art, the L'ecole de l'art infantile, whose work culminated in a 1983 event known as the Baby's Coumpetition held at Oxford University's May Festival, which he had co-organised with Robin Klassnik and Opal L. Nations. Another invention of P-Orridge's at this time was his Ministry of Antisocial Insecurity (MAI), a parody of the governmental Ministry of Social Security. He also set about working on creating a character known as Alien Brain, and in July 1972 performed the World Premiere of The Alien Brain at Hull Arts Centre, a multi-media happening that involved the audience and which had received funding from the Yorkshire Arts Association. That summer, they also entered the National Rock/Folk Contest at the New Grange Club in Hull with a set entitled This Machine Kills Music; a parody of the slogan "this machine kills fascists".

They also put together their first book for publication; the first volume in a projected project known as The Million and One Names of COUM appeared in 1972, containing 1001 slogans, such as "COUM are Fab and Kinky" and "A thousand and one ways to COUM.". This was based on the science fiction short story The Nine Billion Names of God written by Arthur C. Clarke in 1953  Another of P-Orridge's early publications was the book Copyright Breeches (1973), which explored his ongoing fascination with the copyright symbol and its wider implications for art and society. COUM organised events for Hull City Council's Fanfare for Europe to commemorate the UK's joining the European Economic Community in 1973, while that year P-Orridge featured a piece of conceptual art, 'Wagon Train', at the Ferens Art Gallery's Winter Show, proving controversial in local press.

Move to London: 1973–1976
Following continual police harassment, P-Orridge and Tutti relocated to London, moving in to a squat and obtaining a basement studio in Hackney which they named the "Death Factory". After a brief correspondence, here P-Orridge met American novelist and poet William S. Burroughs (1914–1997), who later introduced him to the English/Canadian poet and artist Brion Gysin (1916–1986). Gysin would become a major influence upon P-Orridge's ideas and works and was h/er primary tutor in magic. 1973 saw COUM take part in the Fluxshoe retrospective that toured Britain exhibiting the work of the Fluxus artists; it was organised by David Mayor, who befriended P-Orridge. At that year's Edinburgh Festival, they undertook their Marcel Duchamp-inspired Art Vandals piece at the Richard Demarco Gallery, in which they engaged guests in unconventional conversation, and spilled their food and drink on the floor. Exhibiting alongside the Viennese Actionists, they came under increasing influence from these Austrian performance artists, adopting their emphasis on using shock tactics to combat conventional morality. September 1973 saw them produce their first film, Wundatrek Tours, which documented a day out to Brighton, while throughout the year they sent postcards that they had designed to mail-art shows across the world.

In January 1974, COUM decided to refocus their attention on music, doing so in a collaboration with the Canadian artist Clive Robertson; their co-created piece was titled Marcel Duchamp's Next Work. It premiered on 24 January 1974 at the Fourth International Festival of Electronic Music and Mixed Media at the Zwaarte Zaal in Ghent, Belgium, and had its second performance at Brussels' Palais des Beaux-Arts. The piece entailed bringing together twelve replicas of the dada artist Marcel Duchamp's 1913 sculpture Bicycle Wheel, assembled in a circle, which were then played as musical instruments while either P-Orridge or Robertson conducted the piece. COUM's next major work was Couming of Age, performed in March 1974 at the Oval House in Kennington, South London; it represented the most conventional theatrical performance of their career. After the show, they were approached by an audience member, Peter Christopherson, who shared many of their interests; P-Orridge and Tutti nicknamed him "Sleazy" because of his particular interest in the sexual aspects of COUM's work. He began to aid them using his skills as a photographer and graphic designer, and would first perform with them in their March 1975 work Couming of Youth. In May 1974, COUM issued a manifesto published on an A3 double-sided sheet titled Decoumpositions and Events.

In April 1974 the Arts Council of Great Britain gave COUM the first half of a £1,500 grant, which was largely used to pay off the groups' £300 debt. The money stabilised the group, which now included P-Orridge and Tutti as directors, John Gunni Busck as technical director, and Lelli Maull as musical director. During that year, they made use of various artist-run venues in London, most notably the Art Meeting Place (AMP) in Covent Garden, where they regularly performed during 1974; these actions included Orange and Blue, Gainsborough's Blue Movie Boy, 4 Hours Music Action, Signals, and Throbbing Gristle. A number of these works entailed P-Orridge and Tutti exploring the gender balance, including concepts of gender confusion; P-Orridge for instance dressed in female clothing to adopt the persona of 'Crystal P-Orridge' on one occasion. In another piece performed at the AWB, which was titled Filth, P-Orridge and Tutti performed sexual acts using a double-ended dildo while on a bed.

COUM were frustrated with the restrictions imposed on them by the Arts Council as a prerequisite for receiving funding; the Council insisted that they perform in at least eight specifically-chosen venues a year, although COUM felt that this meant performing to the same audiences repeatedly and wished to perform at a wide range of other locations, such as in fields and on streets. In August 1974 they carried out a spontaneous unauthorised piece of performance art in Brook Green, Hammersmith. Titled Airborn Spells, Landborn Smells, it entailed the group members pretending to be dogs and pushing along a pram containing chicken's heads and bloodied tampons; during the performance, police arrived and put a stop to the event, deeming it to be obscene. In September 1974, COUM were invited to attend the Stadfest in Rottweil, West Germany, and they proceeded with a travel grant from the British Council. Their first performance there was titled Schlimm, which involved P-Orridge and Tutti performing anarchic actions in the street using a range of props. The next day, they followed this with a second street action, All that Glitters is not Kunst, which earned them praise from Bridget Riley and Ernst Jandl, both of whom were present. The acclaim that COUM received at Rottweil established the group's reputation as "one of the most innovative performance art groups then on the London art scene", convincing the Arts Council and British Council to take them more seriously and offer them greater support.

In February 1975, P-Orridge gained his only full-time job, working as an assistant editor for Colin Naylor at St. James' Press, in which he helped to compile the Contemporary Artists reference book. The work meant that he had less time to devote to COUM but gained a wide range of contacts in the art world. During that year, COUM embarked on a series of five performance pieces which it termed Omissions; these were performed across Europe, including at the Europa-Tag in Gross Gerau and the Kulturamt in Kiel. In March 1975, COUM performed Couming of Youth at the Melkweg in Theater Zaal, Amsterdam. Adopting a more violent stance than their previous work – in this reflecting an influence from the Viennese Actionists – the performance involved self-mutilation, Cosey inserting lighted candles into her vagina, P-Orridge being crucified and whipped, and P-Orridge and Cosey having sexual intercourse. At Southampton's Nuffield Festival in July 1975, COUM performed Studio of Lust, where P-Orridge publicly masturbated and all of the members undressed and adopted sexual poses.

Chris Carter and the establishment of Throbbing Gristle: 1975–

COUM were introduced to Chris Carter in the summer of 1975 through their mutual friend John Lacey. Lacey believed that Carter would be interested in COUM as a result of his particular interest in the experimental use of light and sound. Together, Carter, Christopherson, Cosey and P-Orridge founded a musical band, Throbbing Gristle, on 3 September 1975; they had deliberately chosen that date for it was the 36th anniversary of the United Kingdom joining the Second World War. The term "throbbing gristle" was deliberately chosen for it was a Yorkshire slang term for an erect penis. Throbbing Gristle, or TG as it was widely known, was aimed at a wider audience than COUM, thereby aiming to work within popular culture rather than the elite realm of the art scene. COUM and TG were largely treated as distinct entities; the music press ignored COUM and saw TG as experimental art rock, while the arts press ignored TG, viewing COUM as performance artists. Despite their intention of operating within the realms of popular culture, TG never had chart success, and remained a cult band; their audience was however far larger than COUM.

COUM continued to operate alongside TG, and in October 1975 they performed Jusquà la balle crystal'''' at the Ninth Paris Biennale at the Musée d'art modern. The prestige of being invited to such an event led to the Arts Council awarding them a grant for £1,600, although only the first half of this was ever paid out. COUM's mail art had taken on an increasingly pornographic dimension, and in November 1975 the police charged P-Orridge with distributing obscene material via in the postal system under the 1953 Post Office Act; this trial was set for February 1976.

The Prostitution show: 1976

Their Prostitution show, in 1976 at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) in London, exhibited Tutti's pornographic images from magazines as well as erotic nude photographs. The show featured a stripper, used Tampax in glass, and transvestite guards. Prostitutes, punks, and people in costumes were among those hired to mingle with the gallery audience. The show caused debate in Parliament about the public funding of such events. In the House of Commons, Scottish Conservative MP Sir Nicholas Fairbairn demanded an explanation from Arts Minister Harold Lever and proclaimed P-Orridge and Tutti as "wreckers of civilisation". Fleet Street was not slow to pick up the story. The reviews were cut up, framed and put on display for the remainder of the exhibition. This was also reported in newspapers, so cut-ups about the cut-ups were also put on display.

Toward the end of COUM, performances would often consist of only P-Orridge, Cosey and Sleazy, the core group who went on to form Throbbing Gristle.

COUM ended when, at a performance in Antwerp, P-Orridge had ingested leaves, bark, and whiskey and started cutting their skin with nails and became sick and had to be taken to the hospital. They decided to "stop doing performance art."

Discography

In July 2009, American record label Dais Records released archival vinyl LP releases by COUM Transmissions entitled The Sound Of Porridge Bubbling (2009), Sugarmorphoses (2011) and Home Aged & The 18 Month Hope (2013) in a limited edition of 500, as was the case with Early Worm (Genesis P-Orridge, Spydeee Gasmantell, Pingle Wad, and Ron Megson (the father of Genesis P-Orridge), 1968) in 2008.

The COUM Transmissions The Sound of Porridge Bubbling LP was recorded in 1971 featuring Genesis P-Orridge, Spydeee Gasmantell, Ray Harvey, Cosey Fanni Tutti and others. What musical content the LP features is improvisational and avant-garde in nature, and for the most part the album's tracks consist of spoken word material and sound experiments, at times reminiscent of the audio material that William S. Burroughs and Brion Gysin had been experimenting with in the 1960s. One track, Nude Supper is a direct reading by Spydeee Gasmantell from William S. Burroughs work, Naked Lunch. The online version of this album has subsequently been amended so that the track titled 'Nude Supper' now refers to the track 'Sound of Porridge Bubbling', the track 'Sound of Porridge Bubbling' is a taped version of The Stripper. The original spoken word version of the reading from Naked Lunch is only found on the original 500 vinyl copies of the album.

LegacyOther, Like Me: The Oral History of COUM Transmissions and Throbbing Gristle'', a documentary on both projects consisting of archival footage and photos and interviews with their members, was co-produced by BBC Television and aired on BBC Four in December 2021.

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

British industrial music groups
Performance artist collectives
Musical collectives
Musical groups from Kingston upon Hull

COUM Transmissions


A BlueBird é uma cadeia de retalho especializado em Relojoaria e Joalharia portuguesa, fundada em 1999, sediada no Porto. É uma cadeia com 10 lojas presentes em diferentes shoppings (como Arrábida Shopping ou Braga Shopping) de Portugal, e que representa mais de 50 marcas de relógios e joias nacionais e internacionais. A empresa tem como objetivo oferecer variedade, qualidade, beleza e cumplicidade a um preço acessível.

A BlueBird criou e desenvolveu, na última decada, insígnias nacionais de joalharia - Tashi Jewels, Unike Jewellery, Bow Happy, Spezia e Lucky Elephant.

A BlueBird é membro da Associação de Ourivesaria e Relojoaria de Portugal (AORP).

Galeria

Ligações externas
 BlueBird Joalharia e Relojoaria - Loja Online Oficial
 BlueBird no Facebook
 Bluebird no Instagram
 Tashi Jewels
 Unike Jewellery

Marcas de Portugal
Ourivesarias de Portugal
Empresas sediadas no distrito do Porto
Empresas sediadas na Área Metropolitana do Porto
Empresas fundadas em 1999
Fundações em Portugal em 1999

BlueBird - Joalharia e Relojoaria


Upper Island Cove est une municipalité située dans la province de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, dans le sud-est de Terre-Neuve.

Histoire

Économie

Géographie

Démographie

Notes et références

Ville à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador

Upper Island Cove


John Charles Chenoweth McKinsey (* 30. April 1908 in Clinton County, Indiana; † 26. Oktober 1953 in Palo Alto, auch J. C. C. McKinsey und Chen McKinsey) war ein US-amerikanischer Mathematiker, bekannt für seine Arbeit in den Bereichen der Mathematischen Logik und der Spieltheorie. Er leistete auch bedeutsame Beiträge zur Modallogik, wozu er seit 1948 eine Monographie in Zusammenarbeit mit Robert Feys geplant hatte.

Leben
McKinsey erhielt einen Bachelor of Science und einen Master of Science von der New York University und erwarb seine Doktorwürde 1936 an der University of California. Seine Dissertation, betreut von Benjamin Abraham Bernstein, trug den Titel On Boolean functions of many variables. Er war Blumenthal Research Fellow an der New York University von 1936 bis 1937 und ein Guggenheim Fellow von 1942 bis 1943. In seiner New Yorker Zeit entstand eine enge Freundschaft zu Alfred Tarski. McKinsey unterrichtete am Montana State College und in Nevada, schließlich in Oklahoma, bis er 1947 einer Forschungsgruppe der Douglas Aircraft Corporation, der späteren RAND Corporation, beitrat.

McKinsey arbeitete für die RAND bis zu seiner Entlassung im Jahr 1951. Aufgrund seiner Homosexualität hatte das FBI seine Weiterbeschäftigung als Sicherheitsrisiko deklariert, obschon McKinsey daraus nie ein Geheimnis gemacht hatte und seit Jahren in einer festen Partnerschaft lebte. Gegenüber Vorgesetzten soll er sich beschwert haben: "How can anyone threaten me with disclosure when everybody already knows?" (deutsch: "Wie könnte mich jemand mit der Enthüllung von etwas bedrohen, das bereits jeder weiß?"). Nach 1951 unterrichtete er an der Stanford University, wo ihm später eine volle Professur für Philosophie verliehen wurde. Dort arbeitete er mit Patrick Suppes an der Axiomatisierung der Klassischen Mechanik. Er starb 1953, vermutlich durch Selbstmord, in seinem Haus in Palo Alto.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Introduction to the Theory of Games. McGraw-Hill, New York NY u. a. 1952.
  A New Definition of Truth. In: Synthese. Band 7, Nr. 6-A, 1948/1949, S. 428–433, .
 Liste online verfügbarer Veröffentlichungen auf philpapers.org

Einzelnachweise

Mathematischer Logiker (20. Jahrhundert)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1908
Gestorben 1953
Mann

John Charles Chenoweth McKinsey


El caballo bretón es una raza de caballo de tiro. Fue desarrollada en la Bretaña, una región del noroeste de Francia, de población nativa ancestral que se remonta a miles de años.

El caballo bretón fue creado a través del mestizaje de muchas razas europeas y orientales. En 1909 se creó un libro de orígenes, y en 1951 el libro fue cerrado oficialmente.

La raza es a menudo de color castaño, fuerte y musculosa. Hay tres subtipos diferentes de la raza bretona, todas provenientes de un área diferente de la Bretaña. El bretón corlay es el tipo más pequeño, y se utiliza generalmente para silla. El bretón postire se utiliza para el trabajo agrícola.

El bretón pesado es el mayor de los subtipos, y se utiliza generalmente para el trabajo más difícil. Se ha utilizado con fines militares y agrícolas. El caballo bretón se ha utilizado para mejorar y crear muchas razas, además de ser criados para producir mulas.

Características

El caballo bretón mide generalmente 1,58 metros, pero puede variar desde 1,55 a 1,63 metros, dependiendo del tipo. En general es de color castaño, a menudo con una crin rubia, pero también puede ser gris, rojo o azul ruano. La raza tiene una cabeza bien proporcionada de tamaño medio, con un perfil recto y con un cuello fuerte y corto, bien situado en la cruz, y muy musculado. Los hombros son largos e inclinados, el pecho es ancho y musculoso, el dorso es corto y ancho, y la grupa tiene una ligera pendiente. Las patas son cortas, pero de gran alcance, con los cascos bien formadas. Las patas tienen cortas crines.

Temperamento y mantenimiento
Es un caballo robusto, rústico y trabajador, no es exigente ni caprichoso, es familiar y agradable. A pesar de su gran masa y sus extremidades cortas, tiene el paso rápido y también un animado trote. Su buena resistencia a los climas cálidos es apreciada para la exportación a otras países. Cuando en 1917 se propone en Marruecos la creación del proyecto de una raza del caballo, el bretón fue el elegido para su importación y su reproducción. Ocurrió lo mismo en Argelia en 1913.

Referencias

 Le Trait Breton Syndicat des éleveurs du cheval Breton; Les Haras Nationaux, agosto de 2011
 "Breton" The International Museum of the Horse. Referenced 1 de agosto de 2011.
 Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies. Bongianni, Maurizio. Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1988, pg. 90. ISBN 0-671-66068-3
 Edwards, Elwyn Hartley (1994). The Encyclopedia of the Horse (1st American Edition ed.). New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 266–67. ISBN 1-56458-614-6.
 "Breton". Oklahoma State University. Referenced January 6, 2008.
 Hendricks, Bonnie. International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-0-8061-3884-8.
 Edwards, Elwyn Hartley (1994). The Encyclopedia of the Horse (1st American Edition ed.). New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley. p. 165. ISBN 1-56458-614-6.
 Edwards, Elwyn Hartley (1994). The Encyclopedia of the Horse (1st American Edition ed.). New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley. p. 258. ISBN 1-56458-614-6.
 "Studies from Complutense University update current data on animal science". Life Science Weekly: 337. November 4, 2008.
 Edwards, Elwyn Hartley (1994). The Encyclopedia of the Horse (1st American Edition ed.). New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley. p. 275. ISBN 1-56458-614-6.
 Johnson, Michael (June 19, 2008). "Hungry for Horse Meat". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/19/opinion/19iht-edjohnson.1.13829773.html. Retrieved 2009-11-17.

Enlaces externos

 Site officiel du Syndicat des Éleveurs de Chevaux Bretons
 Le règlement français du Stud-Book de la race
 Le Trait Breton sur le site du Haras de Lamballe

Razas de caballo originarias de Francia

Caballo bretón


Der Blasse Kokosflocken-Milchling (Lactarius glyciosmus) ist eine Pilzart aus der Familie der Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). Es ist ein kleiner bis mittelgroßer Milchling, der einen rosa bis creme-bräunlichen, samtigen Hut hat und arttypisch nach Kokosflocken riecht. Die Fruchtkörper des scharf schmeckenden und ungenießbaren Milchlings erscheinen von August bis Oktober bei Birken. Andere Namen für den Milchling sind Kleiner Kokosflocken-Milchling oder Blasser Duft-Milchling.

Merkmale

Makroskopische Merkmale

Der Hut ist 12–6 cm breit und zuerst gewölbt und mit eingerolltem Rand, doch schon bald ausgebreitet und leicht niedergedrückt. Oft trägt er in der Mitte einen kleinen Buckel. Die Hutoberfläche ist trocken, matt bis feinsamtig und oft reifartig oder weißflaumig überzogen. Mitunter ist die Huthaut auch schwach kleinschuppig. Der Hut ist hellgrau, blass graubräunlich, graurosa oder fleischrosa gefärbt und blasst im Alter stumpf cremefarben bis rosabräunlich aus. Er ist am Rand oft blasser gefärbt, meist aber ungezont, kann aber auch undeutlich gezont sein. Bei Feuchtigkeit ist der Hut leicht hygrophan.

Die ziemlich schmalen Lamellen sind am Stiel angewachsen oder laufen kurz daran herab. Sie stehen ziemlich gedrängt und sind mehr oder weniger untermischt aber nicht gegabelt. Sie sind erst weißlich-rosa bis blassocker gefärbt und später blass ockerfarben. Im Alter sind sie auch bräunlich oder graubraun gefleckt. Das Sporenpulver ist cremefarben bis blassocker.

Der schlanke, mehr oder weniger zylindrische Stiel ist 2–7 cm lang und bis 0,5–1 cm dick. Er ist ziemlich weich und brüchig und häufig zusammengedrückt oder gefurcht. Das Stielinnere ist zuerst ausgestopft, wird aber schon bald hohl. Die Stielrinde ist glatt und trocken und an der Spitze oft leicht bereift. Der Steil ist ähnlich wie der Hut gefärbt oder blasser. Die Stielbasis ist oft von einem weißlichen Filz überzogen.

Das weißliche Fleisch ist weich und brüchig. Durchfeuchtet ist es blass cremefarben bis rosabräunlich. Es schmeckt erst mild und wird dann langsam leicht scharf und riecht leicht fruchtig und arttypisch nach Kokosflocken. Die relativ spärlich fließende Milch ist unveränderlich weißlich und schmeckt ebenfalls erst mild und dann mäßig scharf.

Mikroskopische Merkmale

Die breitelliptischen Sporen sind durchschnittlich 6,5–8,1 µm lang und 5,0–6,3 µm breit. Der Q-Wert (Quotient aus Sporenlänge und -breite) ist 1,1–1,3. Das Sporenornament ist 0,5–1,0 µm hoch und besteht aus einzelnen, gratig verlängerten Warzen und Rippen, die mehrheitlich zebrastreifenartig angeordnet und nur teilweise netzartig verbunden sind. Der Hilarfleck ist inamyloid oder nur im äußeren Teil amyloid.

Die leicht keuligen Basidien messen 28–46 × 8–12 µm und tragen meist vier Sterigmen. Die Lamellenschneiden sind heterogen und tragen neben den Basidien zahlreiche, keulige bis bauchige, 40–85 µm lange und 7–10 µm breite Cheilomakrozystiden. Die 40–75 µm langen und 7–12 µm breiten Pleuromakrozystiden sind keulig bis spindelig und wenig zahlreich. An der Spitze sind sie stumpf oder mehr oder weniger zugespitzt.

Die Huthaut (Pileipellis) ist eine nur schwach entwickelte Cutis, die teilweise in ein Trichoderm übergeht. Sie besteht mehrheitlich aus parallel liegenden, 3–12 µm breiten Hyphen und aus einzelnen aufsteigenden und vorstehenden Hyphenenden. Die Hyphenwände sind teilweise schwach gelatinisiert, dazwischen sind einzelne Lactiferen eingestreut.

Artabgrenzung

Der Blasse Kokosflocken-Milchling ist durch seinen angenehmen Kokosflockengeruch und sein Vorkommen unter Birken auf trockenen bis frischen Böden nahezu sicher gekennzeichnet. Nur der etwas größere, dunkler graubraun gefärbte Dunkle Duftmilchling (Lactarius mammosus) hat annähernd den gleichen Geruch, wenn auch deutlich schwächer. Er wächst in kalkarmen Nadelwäldern und ist daher öfter unter Fichten anzutreffen. Auch er schmeckt scharf und ist ungenießbar. Ebenfalls ähnlich ist der sehr seltene Gebuckelte Milchling (Lactarius pilatii). Er ist jedoch geruchlos und die Huthaut ist im jungen, frischen Zustand klebrig bis schleimig und kuhrot gefärbt und erinnert damit an Kuhroten Milchling (Lactarius hysginus). Zwar ist der Milchling auch ein Birkenbegleiter, er wächst aber vorzugsweise in Hochmooren inmitten von triefend nassen Torfmoospolstern.
Eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit haben auch ausgeblasste Fruchtkörper des Lila Milchlings (Lactarius lilacinus). Sie sind  etwas robuster, riechen obstartig und wachsen bei Erlen.

Ökologie
Der Milchling wächst meist gesellig oder in kleineren Gruppen in Hochmooren, Wäldern oder in Parkanlagen unter Birken. Man findet in häufig an grasigen Waldstellen oder in Moospolstern auf basenarmen mehr oder weniger frischen Böden. Die Fruchtkörper erscheinen zwischen August bis Oktober.

Verbreitung

Der Milchling ist in Nordamerika (USA, Kanada) Nordasien (Mongolei) und in Europa verbreitet. Er wurde auch in Neuseeland nachgewiesen. Er ist in ganz Fennoskandinavien häufig und sein Verbreitungsgebiet reicht bis in die arktische Zone. Er wurde auch auf Spitzbergen und in Grönland nachgewiesen. In Mitteleuropa ist er seltener und in Südeuropa kommt er wohl ausschließlich in den Gebirgen vor. In Deutschland ist der Blasse Kokosflocken-Milchling weit verbreitet und in Österreich und der Schweiz häufig.

Systematik
Lactarius glyciosmus wurde 1818 erstmals von E. M. Fries als Agaricus glyciosmus beschrieben, 1838 stellte er ihn dann in die Gattung Lactarius, sodass er seinen heute gültigen Namen erhielt. Lactarius glyciosmus ist synonym zu Galorrheus glyciosmus  1871 und Lactifluus glyciosmus  1891. Er wurde außerdem von einigen Autoren (Quél., und Rick) fälschlicherweise Lactarius mammosus genannt. Lactarius mammosus , der Dunkle Duft-milchling ist aber eine eigenständige Art. Das latinisierte Artattribut (Epitheton) glyciosmus leitet sich von den altgriechischen Wörtern glukos "süß", und osmos "riechen" ab.

Infragenerische Systematik
Der Blasse Kokosflocken-Milchling (Lactarius glyciosmus) ist die Typart der Sektion Colorati. Die Vertreter der Sektion haben samtige bis filzige und niemals schmierige Hüte. Die unveränderliche Milch ist spärlich und/oder wässrig. Bei Bon hat die Sektion Colorati ursprünglich den Rang einer Untergattung. M. Basso stellt die Sektion Colorati in die Untergattung Russularia, während sie Heilmann-Clausen sie in die Untergattung Piperites stellt.

Bedeutung

Speisewert
Der Täubling gilt in Süd- und Mitteleuropa wegen seines scharfen Geschmackes als ungenießbar. In Osteuropa wird er aber trotzdem als Speisepilz gesammelt.

Inhaltsstoffe

Wie wohl alle Milchlinge enthält der Blasse Kokosflocken-Milchling verschiedene Sesquiterpene, die auch für den scharfen Geschmack verantwortlich sind. Da die Sesquiterpene erst enzymatisch aus einem Fettsäureester freigesetzt werden, schmeckt das Fleisch und die Milch anfangs noch mild.
Die bekanntesten Sesquiterpene des Kokosflocken-Milchling sind die beiden Lactarane Blennin A und sein Sterioisomer Lactarorufin N sowie das Secolactaran Blennin C. Blennin A und C wurden – wie der Name schon verrät – zuerst aus L. blennius dem Graugrünem Milchling isoliert und kommen bei ziemlich vielen Milchlingen vor. Beide Verbindungen haben einen starken inhibitorischen Effekt auf die Leukotrien C4 Biosynthese und wirken so entzündungshemmend.

Literatur

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Milchlinge

Blasser Kokosflocken-Milchling


Te quiero, te quiero es el álbum debut homónimo del cantante español Nino Bravo. Lanzado en 1970 por el Sello Discográfico Británico Polydor. Contó con el arreglo y producción de Juan Carlos Calderón. Algunas canciones destacadas del álbum son "Como Todos", "Te Quiero, Te Quiero" y "Es El Viento".

Lista de Canciones

Enlaces externos
Nino Bravo Discogs

Referencias

Álbumes de Nino Bravo
Álbumes de España de 1970
Álbumes debut de 1970
Álbumes en español

Te quiero, te quiero


Mark W.A. Hinkle (n. ) es un activista y empresario estadounidense, libertario. Es el Secretario general del Partido Libertario de los Estados Unidos. Fue elegido por los delegados en la convención nacional libertaria del 2010 en St. Louis el 30 de mayo de 2010.

En 2010, se postuló para el  distrito del Senado de California, puesto que estaba vacante desde que el republicano Abel Maldonado fue nombrado gobernador de Lieutenant. Perdió contra Sam Blakeslee en las elecciones especiales el 17 de agosto de 2010.

Referencias

Políticos de Estados Unidos
Activistas de Estados Unidos
Libertarios de Estados Unidos

Mark Hinkle


.qa Katar için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır. (CcTLD)

1996 tanıtımları
Katar
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O Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilismo de 2010 foi a 78ª edição do campeonato de halterofilismo, organizado pela Federação Internacional de Halterofilismo (FIH). O campeonato ocorreu no Centro de Exposição de Antália, em Antália, na Turquia, entre 17 a 26 de setembro de 2010. Foram disputadas 15 categorias (8 masculino e 7 feminino), com a presença de 563 halterofilistas (345 masculino e 218 feminino) de 74 nacionalidades filiadas à Federação Internacional de Halterofilismo (FIH). Teve como destaque a China com 29 medalhas no total, sendo 13 de ouro.

Medalhistas

Masculino

  — RECORDE MUNDIAL

Feminino

  — RECORDE MUNDIAL

Quadro de medalhas

Quadro de medalhas no total combinado

Quadro de medalhas nos levantamentos + total combinado

Classificação por equipe

Masculino

Feminino

Participantes
Um total de 515 halterofilistas de 74 nacionalidades participaram do evento.

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Ligações externas
Site da Federação Internacional de Halterofilismo

!
Mundial
Halterofilismo
Halterofilismo


ඉන්දීය ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම 2001 ජූලි 18 සහ සැප්තැම්බර් 2 අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සංචාරය කළේය. දෙපිල නවසීලන්තය සමග තුන්කොන් එක්දින තරගාවලියකට ද ක්‍රීඩා කළ අතර ඉන් අනතුරුව ඔවුන් තරග තුනකින් සමන්විත ටෙස්ට් තරගාවලියකට ද ක්‍රීඩා කළහ.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ටෙස්ට් තරඟාවලියේදී ඉන්දියාව 2-1ක පරතරයකින් පරාජය කරමින් ජය ගත්තේය. පළමු සහ අවසන් ටෙස්ට් තරඟ ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ජයගත් අතර දෙවන තරඟය ඉන්දියාව ජයග්‍රහණය කළේය. එය 1999 සැප්තැම්බර් මාසයේදී ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාවට එරෙහිව ජයග්‍රහණයෙන් පසු පරාජයන් තුනකට පසුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියාවට එරෙහිව ලබාගත් දෙවන තරඟාවලි ජයග්‍රහණය සහ මව්බිමේදී ලබාගත් පළමු තරඟාවලියයි  මහේල ජයවර්ධන ලකුණු 296ක් ලබා දෙපිලේ වැඩිම ලකුණු ලාභියා වූ අතර කඩුලු 23ක් දවාගත් මුත්තයියා මුරලිදරන් තරගාවලියේ වීරයා ලෙස නම් කෙරිණි.

සචින් තෙන්ඩුල්කාර් සංචාරයෙන් ඉවත් වූයේ, තුවාල වූ ඔහුගේ දකුණු ඇඟිල්ලේ ස්කෑන් පරීක්ෂණයකින් පසුව, සුව වී නොමැති බව අනාවරණය වීමෙන් පසුවය. ඒ සමඟින්, 1989 දී ඔහු පිට පිට තරග 84 ක් ක්‍රීඩා කිරීමෙන් පසු පළමු වරට ටෙස්ට් වරම් අහිමි විය.

පුහුණු තරගය

ටෙස්ට් තරගමාලාව

1 වන ටෙස්ට් තරගය

2 වැනි ටෙස්ට් තරගය

3 වැනි ටෙස්ට් තරගය

යොමු කිරීම්

බාහිර සබැඳි

 ESPN Cricinfo හි තරගාවලි නිවසට යන්න.

ක්‍රිකට්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ක්‍රිකට්

ඉන්දීය ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා තරග සංචාරය 2001


266725 Vonputtkamer este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
266725 Vonputtkamer este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Teide (telescop OGS, Agenția Spațială Europeană) de către Matthias Busch și Rainer Kresken. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,30 ua, o excentricitate de 0,17 și o înclinație de 3,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 266001-267000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2009
Centura de asteroizi

266725 Vonputtkamer


Gutter may refer to:

Water discharge structures
 Rain gutter, used on roofs and in buildings
 Street gutter, for drainage of streets

Design and printing
 Gutter, in typography, the space between columns of printed text
 Gutter, in bookbinding, page edges joined to the  spine
 Gutter (philately), the space between panes of postage stamps that creates configurations of "gutter pairs" or "gutter blocks"

Music
 Gutters, in bowling and table shuffleboard, the trough hazards on either side of the playing lane into which the bowling ball or shuffleboard puck may fall
 "Gutter" (song), a song by Medina

See also
 Guter (disambiguation)

Gutter


palcoology යන්න palaezeloogy ලෙසද ලියන අතර මෙය paleon=old සහ zoom = andimal යන ග්‍රික වචන වලින් බිහිවුවකි. මෙය පාෂාණිය ධාතු විද්‍යාවේ සහ පාෂාණිය ධාතු ජීව විද්‍යාවේම අංශයකි. මෙහිදි මුලිකව කරනු ලබන්නේ ද විද්‍යාත්මක සන්දර්භයන්ගේ ඉතිරි වි ඇති බහු ලෛික විධි පොසිල හදුනා ගැනිම සහ වෙනස්කර ගැනිමයි. එමෙන්ම මෙම පොස්ල භාවිතයෙන් ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික යුගය සහ අතීත පරිර පද්ධති ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණයද සිදු කරයි.

	බහු සෙලියෝගේ මහා පරිමාණ පොයිල පිලිබදව Neopotorizo වල ඉරාමේ Ediacaran අවධියේ සිටම වාර්තාවන නමුත් මොවුන් paleozoic  ඉරාවේ. අවසන් භාගයේ deronial අවධිය දක්වාම සුලභ වි නොමැත.

	කෙසේ නමුදු වඩාත්ම ප්‍රමුඛ මහා පොඩිලය ඩයිනොසොරස පොඩිලයි. වෙනත් ප්‍රධාන මනා පොසිල අතර ට්‍රයිලෝබයිටන්, ක්‍රස්ටෝසියාවන්. අස්ථිමසුන්, මොරැන්, පාග්ඨවාශිය්නගේ දන් සහ බො‍හෝ අවෘග්ඨවංශි කෝපයද හමු වි ඇත. මේවා මෙලෙස ඉතිරිව ඇත්තේ මොවා දම කොටස් නිසා ස්වභාවික ජිවිතයට ඔරොත්තු දිම නිසාය. මෙම කොටස් ස්වභාවිකනයට ඔරොත්තුදිම නිසාය. මෙම කොටස් බො‍හෝවිට හමුවන්නේ සත්ව පොසිල වලය. ජල්ලි මසුන් පැනපනුවන්, වටපනුවන් සහ කෘමින්ගේ දෘඩ කොටස් නොමැති නිසා ඔවුන්ගේ පොයිල අල්පය.
ජීව විද්‍යාව

පාෂාරි ධාතු සත්ව විද්‍යාව


La estación sencilla Corferias forma parte del sistema de transporte masivo de Bogotá, TransMilenio, inaugurado en el año 2000.

Ubicación
Está ubicada sobre la Avenida El Dorado con la Avenida Pedro León Trabuchy. Se accede a ella mediante cruce semaforizado por la Av. Pedro León T.

Atiende la demanda de los barrios El Recuerdo, Ciudad Universitaria y sus alrededores.

Origen del nombre
En sus cercanías están la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y Corferias (Centro de Ferias y Exposiciones), ubicado aproximadamente a 250 metros. Corferias es reconocido por sus ferias a lo largo del año y por ser la sede ocasional de conciertos, simposios y asambleas. La estación tuvo hasta el 2019 el nombre de «Corferias», el cual fue reemplazado por «Recinto Ferial». Sin embargo, en el marco del plan que tiene la empresa TransMilenio para buscar aliados comerciales, en el 2023 se le volvió a cambiar el nombre, retomando el original de «Corferias».

Historia
Esta estación hace parte de la Fase III de TransMilenio que empezó a construirse a finales de 2009 y, después de varias demoras relacionadas con casos de corrupción, fue entregada a mediados de 2012.

Servicios de la estación

Servicios troncales

Servicios duales

Esquema

Servicios urbanos
Así mismo funcionan las siguientes rutas urbanas del SITP en los costados externos a la estación, circulando por los carriles de tráfico mixto sobre la Avenida Eldorado, con posibilidad de trasbordo usando la tarjeta TuLlave:

Ubicación geográfica

Referencias

Enlaces externos
TransMilenio

Estaciones de TransMilenio
Teusaquillo

Corferias (estación)


Dionisio Vivián Beltraquin (Paysandú, 29 de octubre de 1951) es un político uruguayo que pertenece al Movimiento de Liberación Nacional - Tupamaros (MLN-T) e integra el Movimiento de Participación Popular (MPP), Frente Amplio. Durante la legislatura comprendida entre el 15 de febrero de 2010 y el 1 de marzo de 2015 fue representante nacional por el departamento de Canelones.

Biografía
Dionisio Vivián es el hijo menor de Próspero Vivián, jubilado del ferrocarril, y Analia Beltraquín, ama de casa. Tiene dos hermanos: José Danilo y Luis Iván.

Cursó primaria en la escuela n.º 64 de Tambores. En el año 1965, se mudó a Montevideo y realizó sus estudios secundarios, como pupilo, en los talleres de Don Bosco, en donde en cinco años se diplomó de Mecánico Tornero.

Más tarde cursó en el CNC (Control Numérico Computarizado) tornos y fresas y también dibujos-programas.

Desde el año 1970 a 1976 vivió en una pensión ubicada en Hocquard y Batoví.  En el año 1976 se mudó a Canelones, a la ciudad de Las Piedras y más adelante en el año 1992 a la ciudad de La Paz, donde reside.

Trayectoria política
En el año 1970 empezó su militancia política y sindical. Es uno de los cofundadores del Frente Amplio.

En el plano sindical participó en la dirección de la UNTMRA (Unión Nacional de Trabajadores del Metal y Ramas Afines) y posteriormente en la dirección del STIQ (Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Industria Química), en el grupo caucho en los consejos salariales.

Es integrante, desde el año 1983, del Movimiento de Liberación Nacional – Tupamaros. En el año 1989 participó de la fundación del MPP.

Anteriormente, en el año 1983, integró en Las Piedras el comité "El Obelisco" y desde el año 1992 hasta la fecha se encuentra participando en el comité "Ayuí" de La Paz, habiendo sido delegado por las bases de Canelones en el Plenario Nacional durante el período 2003 - 2005.

Actualmente, es presidente de la Comisión de Seguridad Social de la Cámara de Diputados, donde ha participado en eventos en el exterior como invitado especial por el CIESS de México (Centro Interamericano de Estudios de Seguridad Social) con el fin de ampliar las relaciones en Seguridad Social e internacionalizar los derechos sociales de los trabajadores.

También participa en la Comisión de Legislación del Trabajo de la Cámara de Representantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Paysandú
Diputados de Uruguay por Canelones
Políticos del Frente Amplio (Uruguay)

Dionisio Vivián


Crno Gölü (Karadağca anlamı; Kara Göl) kuzey Karadağ'da Žabljak ili sınırları içinde yer alan bir buzul gölüdür. Durmitor Dağı üzerinde 1416 metre yüksekliktedir.

Karadağ'daki buzul gölleri

Crno Gölü


An Epidendrum skutchii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ames, F.T.Hubb. ngan Charles Schweinfurth. An Epidendrum skutchii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epidendrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Epidendrum

Epidendrum skutchii


Pabellón Polideportivo Municipal Fernando Argüelles, situată pe Strada Antonio Mohedano f.n, este o sală de sport multifuncțională din orașul Antequera, parte a municipalității Málaga din Spania. Pabellón Fernando Argüelles este locul în care clubul de futsal UMA Antequera își desfășoară meciurile de pe teren propriu din prima divizie a Ligii Naționale Spaniole de Futsal. În trecut, în sala Fernando Argüelles se jucau și meciurile echipei de handbal din Liga ASOBAL BM Antequera, până la desființarea ei, în iunie 2012.

Sala poartă numele lui Fernando Argüelles, fost handbalist al echipei BM Torcal, vechea denumire a BM Antequera. Când se afla în activitare, Argüelles a promovat cu BM Torcal în  División de Honor, fosta denumire a Ligii ASOBAL.

Pabellón Fernando Argüelles a fost inaugurată pe 10 august 1980 și a fost complet renovată în anul 2006, când echipa locală de handbal a promovat în Liga ASOBAL.

Evenimente
În 2007, echipa națională de handbal masculin a Spaniei a jucat un meci amical împotriva Danemarcei în Pabellón Fernando Argüelles și a învins. Tot aici, pe 15 mai 2012, s-a jucat finala Cupei Spaniei la Futsal, între El Pozo de Murcia și Barcelona, meci în care Barcelona a revenit după ce era condusă și a câștigat titlul cu scorul de 6-3.

Date tehnice
Sala poate găzdui până la 2.575 spectatori, din care 2.275 pe scaune și 300 în picioare, Suprafața de joc este din parchet și are dimensiunile de 44x26 metri.

Sala Fernando Argüelles este parte a unui complex sportiv care mai cuprinde: două săli multifuncționale dedicate diferitelor activități de întreținere, o sală de forță, o saună, două terenuri de fotbal, 7 terenuri cu iarbă artificială și o pistă de atletism.

Referințe

Legături externe
Pagina de Facebok a Pabellón Fernando Argüelles
Pabellón Fernando Argüelles  pe pagina Patronato Deportivo Municipal Antequera

Săli de sport din Spania
Clădiri și structuri din Málaga
Clădiri și structuri din 1980


Die Goldene Himbeere 1999 (engl.: 19th Golden Raspberry Awards) wurde am 20. März 1999, dem Vorabend der Oscarverleihung, im Huntley Hotel Garden Room in Santa Monica, Kalifornien verliehen.

Die Filme Fahr zur Hölle Hollywood und Mit Schirm, Charme und Melone erhielten im Vorfeld der Veranstaltung insgesamt jeweils neun Nominierungen. Die meisten Goldenen Himbeeren (fünf) erhielt letztlich Fahr zur Hölle Hollywood. Einmalig in der Geschichte der Goldenen Himbeere ist bis heute die Verleihung von drei Himbeeren in einer Kategorie (Mit Schirm, Charme und Melone; Psycho und Godzilla für die schlechteste Neuverfilmung oder Fortsetzung).

Preisträger und Nominierungen
Es folgt die komplette Liste der Preisträger und Nominierten.

Speziell für diesen Award geschaffene Kategorie

Weblinks
 19th Raspberry Awards auf imdb

1999
Preisverleihung 1999
Filmjahr 1999
Preisverleihung in Santa Monica

Goldene Himbeere 1999


La prison d'État de l'Utah ( ou USP) est une ancienne prison américaine située dans la localité de Draper, dans l'Utah, à 20 miles au sud-ouest de Salt Lake City.

L'établissement est l'une des deux prisons administrées par l'. Ouvert en , il ferme définitivement le  pour être remplacé par l'.

Histoire

Cette prison a été construite pour remplacer la prison de Sugar House, fermée en 1951. L'endroit choisi est alors une zone rurale devenue aujourd'hui une banlieue de Salt Lake City. Un épisode du film Les Anges du bonheur y a été tourné en 2001. Une étude a été réalisée en 2005 par Wikstrom Economic & Planning Consultants, Inc., pour déterminer si le déménagement de cette prison serait possible; mais les coûts seraient trop importants. Cependant le 19 août 2015, les élus locaux votent pour déménager l'établissement pénitentiaire à l'ouest de Salt Lake City, ce qui n'a pas encore été effectué.

Description
Cette grande prison comprend plusieurs bâtiments avec une partie séparée pour les hommes et une partie séparée pour les femmes. Elle a une capacité d'accueillir plus de 4 000 détenus. Le site de Draper se trouve près de Point of the Mountain, le long de la chaîne de Traverse et consiste en plusieurs unités dénommées d'après les montagnes et les chaînes de montagnes alentour. Ces unités sont classées en fonction de leurs normes de sécurité, l'échelon le plus élevé étant catégorisé comme . Le bâtiment Uintas abrite une unité de haute sécurité pour les hommes avec une partie classée en  comprenant la salle d'exécution. Le bâtiment Wasatch et le bâtiment Oquirrhs abritent une unité de sécurité moyenne pour les hommes. Le bâtiment Promontory est une unité de sécurité moyenne à but thérapeutique accueillant des toxicomanes. Le bâtiment Timpanogos accueille les femmes et le bâtiment Olympus accueille les détenus atteints de maladies psychiatriques. le bâtiment Lone Peak est une unité de sécurité minimum pour les hommes.

Le bureau d'architectes Scott P. Evans & Associés est à l'origine des cinq bâtiments destinés aux entrants (evaluation facility). Cette même compagnie a reconstruit les toits et a consolidé le bâtiment SSD en cas de secousses sismiques.

Détenus notables
 Ted Bundy, tueur en série, condamné à 15 ans de prison à la prison d'État de l'Utah en 1976, puis extradé au Colorado pour d'autres condamnations de meurtre. Exécuté sur la chaise électrique en 1989.
 Nick Clatterbuck, condamné le 28 février 1984 pour le meurtre de ses parents adoptifs.
 Ronnie Lee Gardner, condamné en 1985 pour meurtres et exécuté par un peloton d'exécution, le 18 juin 2010.
 Gary Gilmore, exécuté par un peloton d'exécution à la prison d'État de l'Utah en 1977.
 Thomas Arthur Green, bigame et polygame qui y effectua sa peine et fut libéré en 2007.
 Mark Hofmann, condamné pour meurtre et forgerie, transféré à la prison centrale de l'Utah à Gunnison.
 Warren Jeffs, président de l'Église fondamentaliste de Jésus-Christ des saints des derniers jours. Condamné à la prison à vie pour crimes sexuels au Texas où il est détenu.
 Wanda Barzee, condamnée pour l'enlèvement d'Elizabeth Smart et transférée du centre médical fédéral de Carswell en 2016, relâchée en 2018.
 Troy Kell, condamné pour meurtre après avoir  poignardé un codétenu 67 fois à la prison centrale de l'Utah; condamné à mort, il choisit de se faire exécuter par un peloton d'exécution dans cette prison.
 Barton Kay Kirkham, condamné à mort, il fut le dernier détenu à avoir été exécuté par pendaison dans l'État de l'Utah en 1958.
 Nathan Martinez, condamné à mort pour le meurtre en octobre 1994 de sa belle-mère et de sa demi-sœur.
 James W. Rodgers, condamné pour meurtre et dernier exécuté aux États-Unis par un peloton d'exécution en 1960, avant le moratoire de facto à l'échelon national à propos de la peine capitale (décision Furman v. Georgia).
 Frances Schreuder, condamnée en 1983 pour le meurtre de son père en 1978 en ayant utilisé son fils Marc.
 Marc Schreuder, fils de la précédente, condamné en 1982 pour meurtre au second degré de son grand-père. Relâché en 1994 après douze ans de détention.
 John Albert Taylor, exécuté par un peloton d'exécution en 1996 pour le viol en 1988 et le meurtre par étranglement d'une fillette de onze ans.
 Dale Selby Pierre et William Andrews, dits .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Ancienne prison d'État en Utah
Fondation en 1951
Utah
Utah
Prison pour femmes aux États-Unis

Prison d'État de l'Utah


Soľník este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Stropkov din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 32 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Soľník este atestată documentar din 1454.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Soľník, Stropkov


ඔහුගේ ජීවිතයෙහි කෙලවර ලං වත්ම, ඇඩොල්ෆ් හිට්ලර් (1889–1945) නිර්මාංස ආහාර වේලක් වැලඳීය. මෙම පිළිවෙත, ඔහු විසින්  ප්‍රතිග්‍රහණය කලේ කුමන කාල වකවානුවකද යන්න පැහැදිලි නොවන්නේ, දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධයට  පෙර ඔහුගේ ආහාර වැලඳීමෙහි පුරුදු වෙතින් පෙන්නුම් කලේ 1937 තරම් මෑතදී පවා ඔහු විසින් මාංශ පරිභෝජනය කල බව හෙයිනි. 1938 වන විට නිර්මාංශකයෙක් වශයෙන් හිට්ලර්ගේ පොදු ජන ප්‍රතිමූර්තිය පිළිගැනුනු අතර, 1942 සිට නිර්මිංශකයෙක් වශයෙන් ඔහු ස්වයං-හැඳින්වීය. හිට්ලර් ආශ්‍රය කල සහ ඔහුගේ ආහාර පරිභෝජන රටාව පිළිබඳ අවබෝධයක් තිබූ ජනයාගේ පුද්ගලික වාර්තා පෙන්නුම් කලේ මෙම කාල සීමාව තුලදී ඔහු විසින් ආහාර වේලෙහි කොටසක් වශයෙන් මාංශ පරිභෝජනය නොකල බවත්,  සමකාලීන සාක්ෂි දරන්නන් කිහිප දෙනෙකු පරිදී — ඇල්බට් ෂ්පියර් ( ඉන්සයිඩ් ද තර්ඩ් රයික් නම් ඔහුගේ මතක සටහන් තුල ) වැනි— රාත්‍රී කෑම මේසයෙහිදී හිට්ලර් විසින් ඔහුගේ සහායකයන් විසින් මාංශ ආහාරයට ගැනුම නොකිරීමට කැමති කරවා ගන්නා පිණිස සතුන් විසින් ඝාතනයෙහිදී අත්විඳනා ගැහැට පිළිබඳ බිහිසුණු විස්තර සිදුකිරීම පුරුද්දක් වශයෙන් කල බවත් පෙනෙයි. 2017 වසරෙහිදී හිට්ලර්ගේ අවශේෂ පරික්ෂා කල ප්‍රංශ විද්‍යාඥයන්ගේ වාර්තා පරිදී, හිට්ලර්ගේ දත් වල මැලියම් තුල මාංශ තන්තු අංශුමාත්‍ර නොවීය.

සමහරක් වර්තමාන විශ්ලේෂණ විසින් අනුමාන කර දක්වන්නේ,   රිචඩ් වැග්නර්ගේ ඉතිහාසමය සිද්ධාන්තයන් පරිදී, හිට්ලර්ගේ නිර්මාංශතාවය සමහරවිට සෞඛ්‍ය හේතූන් මත හෝ ඔහුගේ ලේලියගේ මරණය නිසා මානසික ප්‍රතිචාරයක් ලෙසින් සිදු වූවක් හෝ   මිස, සත්ත්ව අභිවෘධිය වෙත කැපවීමක් නිසා වූවක් විය නොහැකි බවයි. මෙයට ප්‍රතිවිරුද්ධ වශයෙන්, ඇසින් දුටු මූලාශ්‍ර කිහිපයක් දක්වන්නේ, හිට්ලර් නිර්මාංශකයෙක් වූයේ සත්ත්ව දුක් විඳීම් පිළිබඳ ඔහු වෙත තිබූ හැඟීම් නිසා බවත්, සතුන්ට කෲර ලෙසින් සලකන සහ උන්ට දුක් සලසන අවස්ථා දැක්වෙන රූප දැකීමෙන් මහත් පීඩාවට පත් ඔහු  ජෛව විච්‍ඡේදන විරෝධියෙකු බවත්ය.

ඇඩොල්ෆ් හිට්ලර් සහ නිර්මාංසතාව


El Codex Nanianus (Roma, Biblioteca_Vaticana (Gr. 354); Gregory-Aland no. U o 030; ε 90 (von Soden) es un manuscrito uncial del . El códice contiene los cuatro Evangelios.

El códice consiste de un total de 291 folios de 22,5 x 16,7 cm. El texto está escrito en dos columnas por página, con entre 21 líneas por columna.

El texto griego de este códice es una representación del tipo textual bizantino. Kurt Aland lo ubicó en la Categoría V.

Véase también
 Lista de los manuscritos unciales del Nuevo Testamento Griego
 Ecdótica

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Tischendorf, K. v. (1869). Novum Testamentum Graece: ad antiquissimos testes denuo recensuit, apparatum criticum omni studio perfectum. I (Editio Octava Critica Maior ed.). Leipzig: Giesecke & Devrient.

Enlaces externos
 Codex Nanianus, U (30): en Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism

Códices
Unciales del Nuevo Testamento
Manuscritos bíblicos del siglo IX
Manuscritos del Nuevo Testamento en griego

Documentos conservados en la Biblioteca Apostólica Vaticana

Codex Nanianus


In-N-Out Burgers er en kæde af fastfoodrestauranter i sydvestlige USA.

Fastfoodrestaurantkæder fra USA
Etableret i 1948

In-N-Out Burger


Londres exterior (en inglés: Outer London) es el nombre que recibe la zona cubierta por un grupo de municipios de la parte exterior del Gran Londres que rodean al Londres interior. Fue definida oficialmente por la Ley del Gobierno de Londres de 1963, aunque la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica (ONS) la modificó posteriormente para otros propósitos. En 2009, su PIB per cápita era de 22 600 €, un 99,2% de la media de la Unión Europea.

Definiciones

Ley del Gobierno de Londres de 1963
La zona que cubre el Londres exterior fue definida por la Ley del Gobierno de Londres de 1963. Corresponde con la zona del Gran Londres que no estaba antes de su creación en el condado de Londres, a excepción del municipio metropolitano de North Woolwich, cuyo área pasó a formar parte de Newham. Los municipios que se encuentran en el Londres exterior son:

 Barking y Dagenham
 Barnet
 Bexley
 Brent
 Bromley
 Croydon
 Ealing
 Enfield
 Haringey
 Harrow

 Havering
 Hillingdon
 Hounslow
 Kingston upon Thames
 Merton
 Newham
 Redbridge
 Richmond upon Thames
 Sutton
 Waltham Forest

Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica
La Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica define el Londres exterior de un forma diferente: Haringey y Newham no están dentro de su área, pero Greenwich sí. Esta definición es también usada por Eurostat en NUTS-2. Según el censo de 2001, el Londres interior tiene una superficie de 1252,77 km² y una población de 4 405 977 habitantes.

Referencias

Geografía de Londres

Londres exterior


Utrka na 400 metara atletska je trkačka šprinterska disciplina i najduža od špritnerskih utrka u trkačkoj atletici tj. najduža kratkoprugaška utrka. Predstavlja točno jedan krug otvorenog vanjskog atletskog igrališta. Zahtijevnija je od ostalih šprinterskih utrka jer zahtijeva taktiziranje, jer se ne može u cijelosti istrčati u šprintu.

Na programu Olimpijskih igara nalazi se od prvih modernih Igara održanih u Ateni 1896. za muškarce, dok se žene u ovoj disciplini na Olimpijskim igrama natječu od 1964. godine.

Držač svjetskog i olimpijskog rekorda južnoafrički je trkač Wayde van Niekerk s vremenom od 43,03 sekunde. Američki trkač Michael Johnson devet je puta držao najbolje vrijeme sezone u ovoj disciplini, od čega osam godina zaredom (1993. – 2000.)

Svjetski rekord u ženskoj konkurenciji drži Istočna Njemica Marita Koch koji je postavila 1985. godine te je sedam puta držala najbolji rezultat sezone na svijetu u ovoj utrci. Olimpijski rekod drži Francuskinja Marie-José Pérec od 1996., uz Koch najuspješnija trkačica u ovoj disciplini.

Od 31 mogućih zlatnih olimpijskih odličja, Amerikanci su u muškoj konkurenciji osvojili njih 19. Na popisu 25 najboljih vremena u povijesti nalazi se 13 Amerikanaca.

Amerikanac Michael Johnson i Francuskinja Marie-José Pérec jedini su koji su na istim Olimpijskim igrama osvojili zlata na 200 i 400 metara. S druge strane, Kubanac Alberto Juantorena se na Olimpijskim igrama 1976. održanima u kanadskom Montrealu okitio zlatima u utrkama na 400 i 800 metara.

Proizašla je iz utrke na 440 jarda (402,336 m), odnosno još starije utrke "na četvrt milje".

Izvori

Atletske discipline

Utrka na 400 metara


A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-arid climates, depending on variables such as temperature, and they give rise to different biomes.

Defining attributes of semi-arid climates
A more precise definition is given by the Köppen climate classification, which treats steppe climates (BSk and BSh) as intermediates between desert climates (BW) and humid climates (A, C, D) in ecological characteristics and agricultural potential. Semi-arid climates tend to support short, thorny or scrubby vegetation and are usually dominated by either grasses or shrubs as they usually cannot support forests.

To determine if a location has a semi-arid climate, the precipitation threshold must first be determined. The method used to find the precipitation threshold (in millimeters):
multiply by 20 the average annual temperature in degrees Celsius and then
add 280 if at least 70% of the total precipitation falls in the summer half of the year (April–September in the northern hemisphere, October–March in the southern hemisphere)
add 140 if 30–70% of the total precipitation falls in the summer half of the year
add nothing if less than 30% of the total precipitation falls in the summer half of the year

If the area's annual precipitation in millimeters is less than the threshold but more than half or 50% the threshold, it is classified as a BS (steppe or semi-arid climate).

Furthermore, to delineate hot semi-arid climates from cold semi-arid climates, a mean annual temperature of  is used as an isotherm. A location with a BS-type climate is classified as hot semi-arid (BSh) if its mean temperature is above this isotherm, and cold semi-arid (BSk) if not.

Hot semi-arid climates

Hot semi-arid climates (type "BSh") tend to be located in the 20s and 30s latitudes of the tropics and subtropics, typically in proximity to regions with a tropical savanna, Mediterranean, and hot desert climates. These climates tend to have hot, or sometimes extremely hot, summers and warm to cool winters, with some to minimal precipitation. Hot semi-arid climates are most commonly found around the fringes of subtropical deserts.

Hot semi-arid climates are most commonly found in Africa, Australia, and South Asia. In Australia, a large portion of the Outback surrounding the central desert regions lies within the hot semi-arid climate region. In South Asia, both India and parts of Pakistan experience the seasonal effects of monsoons and feature short but well-defined wet seasons, but are not sufficiently wet overall to qualify as either a tropical savanna or a humid subtropical climate.

Hot semi-arid climates can be also found in parts of North America, such as most of northern Mexico, the ABC Islands, the rain shadows of Hispaniola's mountain ranges in the Dominican Republic and Haiti, parts of the Southwestern United States, and sections of South America such as the sertão, the Gran Chaco, and the poleward side of the arid deserts, where they typically feature a Mediterranean precipitation pattern, with generally rainless summers and wetter winters. They are also found in few areas of Europe surrounding the Mediterranean Basin. In Europe, BSh climates are primarily found in southeastern Spain, various parts of south Greece,  and marginal areas of Portugal and Cyprus.

Cold semi-arid climates

Cold semi-arid climates (type "BSk") tend to be located in elevated portions of temperate zones, typically bordering a humid continental climate or a Mediterranean climate. They are also typically found in continental interiors some distance from large bodies of water. Cold semi-arid climates usually feature warm to hot dry summers, though their summers are typically not quite as hot as those of hot semi-arid climates. Unlike hot semi-arid climates, areas with cold semi-arid climates tend to have cold and possibly freezing winters. These areas usually see some snowfall during the winter, though snowfall is much lower than at locations at similar latitudes with more humid climates.

Areas featuring cold semi-arid climates tend to have higher elevations than areas with hot semi-arid climates, and tend to feature major temperature swings between day and night, sometimes by as much as 20 °C (36 °F) or more. These large diurnal temperature variations are seldom seen in hot semi-arid climates. Cold semi-arid climates at higher latitudes tend to have dry winters and wetter summers, while cold semi-arid climates at lower latitudes tend to have precipitation patterns more akin to subtropical climates, with dry summers, relatively wet winters, and even wetter springs and autumns.

Cold semi-arid climates are most commonly found in East Asia, the Middle East, including other parts of Asia, and Western North America. However, they can also be found in Northern Africa, South Africa, Europe (Central parts of Spain, Crimea, Greece, and North Macedonia), sections of South America and sections of interior southern Australia (e.g. Kalgoorlie and Mildura) and southern New Zealand (Alexandra).

Charts of selected cities

See also
 Continental climate
 Dry climate
 Desert climate
 Dust Bowl (an era of devastating dust storms, mostly in the 1930s, in semi-arid areas on the Great Plains of the United States and Prairies of Canada)
 Goyder's Line (a boundary marking the limit of semi-arid climates in the Australian state of South Australia)
 Köppen climate classification
 Palliser's Triangle (semi-arid area of Canada)
 Ustic (Soil Moisture Regime)
 Wave height

References

External links

Grasslands
Köppen climate types
Plains
Prairies

Semi-arid climate


Portkey Games é um selo de videogames de propriedade da Warner Bros. Games fundada em 2017 e dedicada a criar experiências de jogos relacionadas a franquia de mídia Wizarding World. No início, o foco principal da empresa era a publicação de jogos para celular, mas em 2023, sua atuação foi diversificada com o lançamento de Hogwarts Legacy para PC e consoles.

História
A Portkey Games foi fundada em 2017, estando empenhada em produzir jogos de aventura ligados ao Wizarding World.. O selo anunciou seu primeiro jogo em 2017, trabalhando com os criadores de Pokémon Go, Niantic, para produzir Harry Potter: Wizards Unite.

Mais tarde, em 2017, antes do lançamento de Wizards Unite,  a Portkey Games também anunciou um segundo jogo para celular em desenvolvimento, chamado Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery. Hogwarts Mystery permite que os usuários joguem como um estudante de Hogwarts e se passa antes dos eventos da série Harry Potter. O jogo foi lançado exclusivamente para iOS e Android em 25 de abril de 2018. A Portkey Games lançou mais dois jogos para celular: Harry Potter: Puzzles & Spells em 2020 e Harry Potter: Magic Awakened em 2021.

Em 2023, a Portkey Games lançou Hogwarts Legacy, um RPG de ação desenvolvido pela Avalanche Software. O jogo se passa no final dos anos 1800 e ocorre em vários locais do Wizarding World. O jogo alcançou sucesso logo após sua estreia, vendendo 12 milhões de cópias e gerando US$850 milhões em vendas globalmente em duas semanas. Ele também quebrou recordes da empresa para a Warner Bros. Games em termos de engajamento do jogador, chegando a 280 milhões de horas jogadas.

Ligações externas

 Website oficial

Empresas de jogos eletrônicos do Reino Unido
Desenvolvedoras de jogos eletrônicos

Portkey Games


Hrastovlje (esloveno: hrast, "encina", se pronuncia Jrastovlie) es una aldea cársica situada al noroeste de la Istria eslovena, conocida sobre todo por la Iglesia románica de la Santa Trinidad y sus frescos góticos, entre los que el más conocido es la Danza de la muerte, pintado por Janez iz Kastva en 1490.

Iglesia de la Santa Trinidad

Arquitectura

Exterior
La iglesia románica, construida en torno a los siglos XII y XIII está rodedada por una muralla que sirvió de protección ante las incursiones turcas durante los siglos XV y XVI. El exterior, muy sencillo, no tiene adornos arquitectónicos ni escultóricos, la verdadera riqueza está en el interior. El edificio está orientado hacia el sureste, la entrada y el campanario al noroeste.¹

Interior
El interior mide 11,70 m de largo por 6,05 metros de ancho, y está dividido en tres naves paralelas. La iglesia tiene dos pares de columnas sobre las cuales se apoyan sus correspondientes arcos a cada lado. En un extremo de la nave principal se halla el ábside, semicircular. Las naves laterales terminan con unas hornacinas de poco fondo escondidas en el interior del muro. El profundo ábside central es de planta poligonal, y sobresale en el exterior. Hasta el  las paredes se blanqueaban y se adornaban con una sencilla decoración lineal.

Por sus características arquitectónicas peculiares, esta iglesia es considerada como una excepción en la arquitectura eclesiástica del arte románico en territorio esloveno.² Su estilo recuerda a la Basílica Eufrásica de Poreč, construida en el  imitando en algunos detalles la Basílica de San Apolinar in Classe y la arquitectura bizantina.

Decoración

Los frescos góticos del  realizados por Janez iz Kastva decoran las paredes, los arcos y la bóveda que cubre la nave principal. Se trata del más grande monumento de la pintura mural medieval existente en Eslovenia.

Frescos

La Santa Trinidad (Trono de la misericordia), los Apóstoles, los Tres Reyes Magos con Cosme y Damián, San Roque, San Sebastián, San Fabián, la Coronación de la Virgen, la Anunciación de Nuestra Señora, San Lorenzo, San Esteban, el bodegón con plato, el bodegón con jarro, Santa Úrsula, Santa Catarina, Santa Margarita, Santa Bárbara, los patriarcas y profetas, el Génesis (el ciclo de la Creación del Mundo y el hombre), Adán y Eva en el Jardín del Edén, el Pecado original, la expulsión del Paraíso, la vida de Adán y Eva fuera del jardín del Edén, Caín y Abel, el ciclo de la Pasión de Jesucristo (la Entrada a Jerusalén, la Última Cena, El monte de los Olivos, la Captura de Jesús, Jesús ante Poncio Pilato, la Flagelación, La Coronación de espinas, Jesús carga la cruz, la Resurrección, el paño de Verónica), "Noli me tangere", la Ascensión del Señor, Santa Apolonia, Santa Ágata, Santa Lucía, la Danza de la muerte, la representación de los meses, annus templus, San Jerónimo, el cortejo de los Reyes Magos, inscripción en el alfabeto glagolítico del .

Janez iz Kastva y sus ayudantes adornaron también la Iglesia de Santa Elena de Gradišče pri Divači, la Iglesia de Santa Elena de Podpeč pri Črnem Kalu y la Iglesia de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora de Dekani.³

Referencias

1. Zadnikar, Marijan, Romanika v Sloveniji, p. 428-429.

2. Zadnikar, Marijan, Romanika v Sloveniji, p. 430.

3. Höfler, Janez, Srednjeveške freske v Sloveniji, Primorska, p.92.

Bibliografía

Höfler, Janez (1997), Srednjeveške freske v Sloveniji, Primorska (Frescos medievales de la Eslovenia litoral), Družina, Ljubljana.

Zadnikar, Marijan (2002), Hrastovlje, romanska arhitektura in gotske freske (Hrastovlje, arquitectura románica y frescos góticos), Družina, Ljubljana.

Zadnikar, Marijan (1982), Romanika v Sloveniji (El Románico en Eslovenia), Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana.

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Eslovenia

Hrastovlje