الدكتور عوض بن محمد القرني داعية إسلامي سعودي ولد عام 1376 هـ بمحافظة بالقرن ب منطقة عسير، وحصل على الدكتوراه في الشريعة الإسلامية تخصص الفقه وأصول الفقه وعمل أستاذا بـجامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية فرع أبها (سابقاً) جامعة الملك خالد (حالياً).

القرني والحداثة
يعد الدكتور عوض القرني من أشد خصوم الحداثة والعلمنة في الساحة السعودية ويعد كتابه (الحداثة في ميزان الإسلام) الذي ألفه في سن مبكر - واعتبر فيه أن الحداثة هي مذهب فكري وليس فقط منهج فني أدبي - أحد الكتب التي أحدثت ضجة كبيرة في المشهد الثقافي السعودي خصوصاً وأنه حمل تقديم أكبر مرجع ديني في البلاد في ذلك الوقت الشيخ عبد العزيز بن باز، له العديد من المحاضرات والمقابلات الصحفية والتلفزيونية والمقالات كما ووقع وشارك في إعداد العديد من البيانات والتي تدعم القضايا الإسلامية وأبرزها بيان الستة وعشرين عالماً عقب احتلال العراق وبيان المناصرة للشعب الفلسطيني.

الدكتور عوض القرني مدرب وعضو في الاتحاد العالمي لمدربي البرمجة اللغوية العصبية ورئيس الاتحاد السعودي للبرمجة اللغوية العصبية. وقد أسلم على يديه رئيس الاتحاد العالمي للبرمجة اللغوية العصبية، الدكتور وايت ود سمول، وأعلن اعتناقه الإسلام خلال كلمة كان يلقيها في المؤتمر العالمي للبرمجة اللغوية العصبية الذي انعقد في البحرين، وذلك عندما أوقف كلمته ونطق الشهادتين.

الشيخ عوض القرني يشرف على موقع الجسور كموقع إلكتروني على الشبكة العنكبوتية للبث المباشر صوتا وصورة

الكتب والمؤلفات
 الحداثة في ميزان الإسلام (يعد أهم مؤلفاته)
 تحقيق أربعة مجلدات من كتاب التحبير شرح التحرير في أصول الفقه الحنبلي
 تحقيق كتاب كاشف الرموز ومظهر الكنوز شرح مختصر ابن الحاجب، في أصول الفقه الشافعي (مجلدان)
 أسباب وآداب الخلاف
 من معالم الدعوة الراشدة
 الصحوة الإسلامية وكيف نحافظ عليها
 حتي لاتكون كلاً "طريقك إلى التفوق والنجاح
 المختصر الوجيز في مقاصد التشريع
 فقه الخلاف
 تحقيق ودراسة مخطوطة في الاجتهاد والتقليد

كتب تحت الإعداد
 حقوق الإنسان في الإسلام.
 أحكام الحرية في الإسلام.
 فقه الصراع بين الحق والباطل من خلال قصة موسى وفرعون.
 أحكام الشهادة في الشريعة الإسلامية.
 أحكام القرعة في الشريعة الإسلامية.
 قضية فلسطين في ميزان الإسلام.

في السجون السعودية
اعتقل في سبتمبر 2017 في حملة اعتقالات بتهم الفساد في السعودية، طالت العشرات.

ظهور نجل عوض القرني
في 1 أكتوبر لعام 2022، ظهر بشكل مفاجئ على منصة تويتر نجل الدكتور عوض القرني واسمه ناصر بن عوض القرني، ولقد خرج من المملكة العربية السعودية إلى مكان آمن (لم يذكر ناصر ما هي الدولة الذي يقيم به بعد خروجه من المملكة) كما يدعي للدفاع عن أبيه المختفي أو المُعتقل منذ 12 سبتمبر 2017 ومعتقلين الرأي في المملكة حسب وصفه

ظهوره الأول
في البداية ظهر في الأول من أكتوبر لعام 2022 بمقطع على حسابه الشخصي في منصة تويتر، افتتحَ تغريدته الأولى بالبسملة، ثمّ عرّف عن نفسه وسرد قصته، مُدرجًا في نفس التغريدة مقطع فيديو.

مقابلته مع سي إن إن بالعربية
نشر موقع سي إن إن بالعربية في يوم الجمعة بتاريخ 14 أكتوبر / تشرين الأول 2022 تقريرًا على موقعه الإلكتروني بعنوان:«السعودية.. نجل عوض القرني يوضح لـCNN سبب مغادرته المملكة وما ينوي القيام به للدفاع عن والده»...

وذكر موقع السي إن إن في مقاله أنه تواصل مع السلطات السعودية للحصول على تعليق، ولم يأتِ أي رد حتى كتابة التقرير.

وصلات خارجية
 صفحته على موقع طريق الإسلام.

طالع أيضًا
 أبو إسحاق الحويني
 عمر عبد الكافي
 وجدي غنيم
 عبد الحميد كشك
 محمد حسان
 عبد الله عزام
 محمد الغزالي

مصادر

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من الأحساء
أشخاص من بلقرن
إخوان مسلمون سعوديون
دارسون إسلاميون
دعاة سعوديون
كتاب سعوديون
محققون
مواليد 1376 هـ
مواليد 1959

عوض القرني


Un capteur de dioxyde de carbone ou capteur de  est un instrument de mesure du gaz carbonique. Les principes les plus courants pour les capteurs de  sont les capteurs de gaz infrarouges (capteur infrarouge non dispersif) et les capteurs de gaz chimiques. La mesure du  est importante pour surveiller la qualité de l'air intérieur de locaux recevant du public et pour la surveillance du personnel traitant de nombreux processus industriels.

Cet élément fait partie des dispositifs qui contrôlent que l'air est « respirable », sans risque d'asphyxie.

Capteurs de  infrarouges non dispersifs
Les capteurs infrarouge non dispersifs sont des capteurs spectroscopiques permettant de détecter le  dans un environnement gazeux par sa caractéristique d'absorption. Les composants clés sont une source infrarouge, un tube lumineux, un filtre d'interférence (longueur d'onde) et un détecteur infrarouge. Le gaz est pompé ou diffuse dans le tube lumineux, et l'électronique mesure l'absorption de la longueur d'onde caractéristique de la lumière. Ces capteurs sont le plus souvent utilisés pour mesurer le dioxyde de carbone. Les meilleurs d'entre eux ont des sensibilités de 20 à .

Les capteurs de  sont également utilisés pour le  dissous pour des applications telles que la carbonatation des boissons, la fermentation pharmaceutique et les applications de séquestration du dioxyde de carbone. Dans ce cas, ils sont couplés à une optique ATR (réflexion totale atténuée) et mesurent le gaz in situ. Les nouveaux développements incluent l'utilisation de sources infrarouges ou fluorescentes de systèmes microélectromécaniques pour réduire les coûts de ce capteur et pour créer des dispositifs plus petits (par exemple pour une utilisation dans des applications de climatisation).

Capteurs photoacoustiques
Le  peut être mesuré par spectroscopie photoacoustique. La concentration en  peut être déterminée en soumettant un échantillon à des impulsions d'énergie électromagnétique (comme celle d'un laser à rétroaction répartie) qui est spécifiquement accordée à la longueur d'onde d'absorption du . Chaque impulsion d'énergie est absorbée par les molécules de  de l'échantillon qui génèrent des ondes de pression par effet photoacoustique. Ces ondes de pression sont ensuite détectées avec un détecteur acoustique et converties en un signal utilisable par un ordinateur ou un microprocesseur.

Capteurs chimiques
Les capteurs chimiques de  à couches sensibles à base de polymère ou d'hétéro polysiloxane présentent l'avantage principal de nécessiter une très faible consommation d'énergie, et d'être de taille suffisamment réduite pour s'intégrer dans des systèmes de microélectronique. En revanche, les effets de dérive à court et à long terme, ainsi qu'une durée de vie globale plutôt faible, sont des obstacles majeurs par rapport au principe de mesure NDIR. La plupart des capteurs de  sont entièrement calibrés avant l'expédition par l'usine. Au fil du temps, le point zéro du capteur doit être recalibré pour utiliser à long terme ce capteur.

Capteur de  estimé
Des capteurs pour ces substances peuvent être fabriqués à l'aide de la technologie MEMS semi-conducteur à oxyde métallique (CMOS) bon marché (environ vingt dollars). La mesure du  qu'ils fournissent est appelée «  estimé (e) », ou « équivalent  ( eq) ». Bien que les mesures obtenues par ces capteurs soient assez satisfaisantes sur le long terme, l'introduction de sources de COV ou de  ne provenant pas de la respiration, telles que l'épluchage de fruits ou l'utilisation de parfum, les rendent non fiables en court terme.

Applications

 Exemples :
 Qualité de l'air intérieur
 Détection de passager clandestin
 Navires marins
 Serres
 Gaz d'enfouissement
 Espaces confinés
 Aérospatial
 Soins de santé
 Horticulture
 Transport
 Cryogénie
 Gestion de l'aération
 Exploitation minière
 Recycleurs (SCUBA)
 Décaféination
 Pour le comptage de l'occupation humaine en intérieur.
 Pour les applications HVAC, les capteurs de  peuvent être utilisés pour surveiller la qualité de l'air et le besoin personnalisé d'air frais. La mesure des niveaux de  détermine indirectement le nombre de personnes présentes dans une pièce et la ventilation peut être ajustée en conséquence.
 En cas de traitement médical, le fonctionnement des poumons est vu sous la forme d'un dispositif capnographe.

Voir aussi

 Analyseur de gaz d'échappement
 Détecteur-avertisseur autonome de monoxyde de carbone
 Sonde lambda
 Capnographie colorimétrique
 Détecteur à photoionisation (chimie analytique de l'air respirable)

Références

Mesure physique
Dioxyde de carbonne
Installation de ventilation
Dispositif médical
Industrie minière

Capteur de dioxyde de carbone


Dokumentarkompagniet er et produktionsselskab med base i Aarhus og omkring 30 medarbejdere. De producerer TV-dokumentarer og faktaserier, der blandt andet er blevet vist på TV2.

Dokumentarkompagniet består af tre redaktioner: Dokumentar, Reportage og Fakta. Dokumentarredaktionen behandler kritisable samfundsforhold og personlige skæbnehistorier, mens Faktaredaktionen er en nyoprettet afdeling af Dokumentarkompagniet, der fokuserer på at lave formaterede reportageserier, der giver indblik i alle slags mennesker og miljøer.

Priser
Dokumentarkompagniet vandt i 2016 Foreningen for Undersøgende Journalistiks hovedpris, FUJ's Graverpris, for dokumentaren Moskeerne bag sløret. Dokumentaren var også nomineret til Cavlingprisen 2016.

I 2018 vandt Dokumentarkompagniet FUJ's Metodepris for dokumentaren Drabet uden lig. Dokumentaren var desuden nomineret til TV Prisen 2019 ved Copenhagen TV Festival.

Dokumentarprogrammer

Daginstitutioner bag facaden
Denne dagsordensættende dokumentar undersøger kritiske forhold i en række københavnske institutioner. Kilder beretter om alvorlige problemer. Tilsynsrapporter, som offentligheden ikke kender, fortæller om 22 institutioner med røde anmærkninger.

Skjulte optagelser dokumenterer forhold, som eksperter betegner som offentligt omsorgssvigt. Kommunen erkender, at forhold ikke er acceptable for børnene.

Dokumentaren blev vist på TV2 den 28. maj 2019 og blev set af mere end 800.000 seere.

Jeg stammer
Dokumentaren handler om Peter Nielsen og Matias Rasmussen, der begge kæmper med at stamme. Dokumentaren blev vist på TV2 28. februar 2019. I dokumentaren møder man blandt andet også ambassadører fra Stammeforeningen i Danmark

Havfruer på dybt vand
En dokumentarserie i 5 afsnit, som blev sendt første gang på TV 2 d.11. februar. Dokumentaren følger fem kvinder, som har vandskræk og får til opgave at overvinde deres angst.

Guds bedste børn
Er en dokumentarserie i tre afsnit, som blev sendt på TV2 fra d. 2. til 16. januar 2019. Serien giver et indblik i radikale kristne miljøer i Danmark, hvor børn og voksne bliver udsat for dæmonuddrivelser. Dokumentaren undersøger, hvordan prædikanter har seksuelle forhold til deres følgere, får psykisk syge til at stoppe med at tage medicin og helbredelser ikke altid går godt. Programmet behandlede blandt andet Christian Hedegaard, Moses Hansen, Ruth Eversen og Torben Søndergaard.

Programmet forårsagede både fagfolk og folketingspolitikere til at reagere med kritik af forkyndernes metoder. Og én af forkynderne i dokumentaren, Torben Søndergaard, oplevede et kald fra Gud til at flytte til USA, og folkene involveret i Faderhuset satte huse til salg og rykket deres aktiviteter til udlandet.

Hvor er politiet?
En dokumentarserie i to afsnit, der blev sendt på TV2 d. 19. og 22. november.  Dokumentaren viser, hvordan butikstyve kunne slippe afsted med at stjæle store mængder varer fra danske dagligvarebutikker uden at politiet greb ind. Man ser, hvordan personer i fuld offentlighed bærer varer ud af forretninger uden at betale, men anmeldelserne bliver ikke behandlet, hvilket flere politibetjente bevidner.

Efter programmet krævede flere politikere, at der blev reageret, og justitsminister Søren Pape fremlagde 7 nye initiativer, der skulle dæmme op for tyveriet.

De sindssygt farlige
En dokumentarserie på tre afsnit, der blev vist på TV2 fra 10. september 2018. Dokumentaren er optaget på fra Retspsykiatrisk afdeling i Risskov og følger 5 retspsykiatriske patienters igennem 6 måneder og deres vej tilbage til livet uden for institutionen. En person er den 27-årige Joakim, der fem år tidligere havde slået han sin egen mor ihjel i en psykose.

Eksterne henvisninger

Referencer

Tv-produktionsselskaber fra Danmark

Dokumentarkompagniet


أنيسي (Annecy) بلدية فرنسية تقع في إقليم سافوا العليا التابع لمنطقة رون ألب جنوب شرق فرنسا.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لآنسي:

توأمة
لآنسي اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:
 شلتنهام (1956 -)
 بايرويت (1966 -)
 فيتشنزا (1995 -)
 رودولشتات

أعلام

 بابتيست قروس
 جيرمان فرايد
 كريستوف لوميتر
 أوجين سو
 لوسيان ديغيورغس
 مورغان برشت
 تشارلز ماريون
 أوجين تراين
 فرنسيس نيلسن

انظر أيضًا
 لو روبوزوار

مراجع

آنسي
بلديات إقليم سافوا العليا
عمالات فرنسا
مدن أوفيرني-رون ألب
مدن فرنسا

أنسي


Chile ríe y canta en minería es un álbum de música folclórica de Chile de varios intérpretes, lanzado bajo el sello discográfico RCA Victor en 1965. Es el primer disco de la serie de álbumes que salieron relacionados con la peña folclórica Chile Canta y Ríe, programa radial creado por René Largo Farías en 1963 para Radio Minería.

Entre los participantes del álbum están el grupo Los Cuatro de Chile, Chagual, Los Montaneros y el Conjunto Lonquimay, agrupación liderada por Richard Rojas que precedió a Trío Lonqui.

Lista de canciones

Créditos
 Osvaldo Silva: asesor musical
 Fernan Meza: portada

Referencias

Álbumes de 1965
Álbumes de varios artistas
Álbumes de RCA Records
Álbumes de música folk de Chile
Álbumes en español

Chile ríe y canta en minería


ඔලිවර් ඇන්ඩ් කම්පණි (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Oliver & Company) යනු 1988 දී නිකුත් වූ ඇමරිකානු සජීවීකරණ චිත්‍රපටයකි.

යොමු

1988 සජීවිකරණ චිත්‍රපට
1980s ඇමරිකානු සජීවිකරණ
ඇමරිකානු සජීවිකරණ චිත්‍රපට
ඇමරිකානු ළමා චිත්‍රපට

ඔලිවර් ඇන්ඩ් කම්පණි


Srećko Galić (Ljubuški, 1935. - Tuzla, 1. listopada 2018.), akademski kipar, slikar i profesor.

Životopis
Nakon završetka niže realne gimnazije u Ljubuškom, odlazi u Sarajevo gdje završava petogodišnju Srednju primijenjenu školu. Studij na Akademiji likovnih umjetnosti Sveučilišta u Beogradu, Odsjek za kiparstvo završava 1962. Nakon toga je u Ljubuškom radio kao profesor likovne kulture u gimnaziji i učiteljskoj školi. Kao prosvjetni radnik radio je i u Lukavcu, a 1967. odlazi u Tuzlu u kojoj je nastavio djelovanje.

Od 1966. do 1986. izradio je 30 bista istaknutih osoba društvenog, javnog i kulturnog života. Tako je u Tuzli izradio biste braće Ribar, Lole i Jurice, Mije Keroševića, Vjekoslava Tunjića i drugih. U Ljubuškom je izradio biste heroja Jure Galića, Enesa Ormana i Marijana Primorca, a u Metkoviću bistu Stjepana Radića. Od 1985. godine imao je atelje u kojem je djelovao do početka 1992. Atelje mu je otet, opljačkan i uništen, a većina djela ukradena. Bavio se i komercijalnom umjetnošću, izradom portreta na nadgrobnim spomenicima.

Izlagao je na preko 40 skupnih i više samostalnih izložbu. Od 1966. godine je član ULUBiH-a i Saveza likovnih umjetnika Jugoslavije, te član Društva likovnih umjetnika u Tuzli.

Izvori

Hrvatski kipari iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Životopisi, Ljubuški
Životopisi, Tuzla

Srećko Galić


Christiane Taubira (* 2. Februar 1952 in Cayenne, Französisch-Guayana) ist eine französische Politikerin der Partei Walwari bzw. der Parti radical de gauche. Vom 16. Mai 2012 bis 27. Januar 2016 war sie Justizministerin in den Kabinetten Ayrault I, Ayrault II, Valls I und Valls II. Zuvor war sie von 1993 bis 2012 Abgeordnete in der französischen Nationalversammlung, von 1994 bis 1999 Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments sowie Kandidatin bei der französischen Präsidentschaftswahl 2002.

Leben
Christiane Taubira wurde als Tochter einer Krankenpflegehelferin geboren, die sie und ihre acht Geschwister allein aufzog. Ihr älterer Bruder Jean-Marie Taubira ist ebenfalls Politiker. Sie absolvierte das Lycée in Cayenne, der Hauptstadt von Französisch-Guyana. Anschließend ging sie ins französische Mutterland, wo sie an der Universität Panthéon-Assas (Paris II) Wirtschaftswissenschaften, an der Universität Paris IV (Paris-Sorbonne) und Universität Pierre und Marie Curie (Paris 6) Soziologie und afro-amerikanische Ethnologie sowie am Centre français de la coopération agricole (CFCA) Lebensmittelwirtschaft studierte. In Ökonomie und Lebensmittelwirtschaft besitzt sie jeweils einen Abschluss des 3e cycle (Diplôme d'études approfondies), was in manchen Quellen fälschlich als Doktorat bezeichnet wurde.

Danach lehrte sie ab 1978 als Dozentin für Wirtschaftswissenschaften in Cayenne. Außerdem war sie Direktorin der Außenstelle des Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (CNAM) in Französisch-Guyana. Von 1982 bis 1985 leitete sie die Confédération caraïbe de la coopération agricole, eine von ihr mitbegründete Organisation für landwirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit im Karibikraum. Anschließend war sie Vorsitzende der Assistance technique à la pêche artisanale en Guyane, die Fortbildungen für Küstenfischer anbot. 1990 wurde sie Generaldirektorin des Amts für Zusammenarbeit und Außenhandel von Französisch-Guyana.

Ab Ende der 1970er-Jahre lebte Taubira mit dem Unabhängigkeitsaktivisten Roland Delannon zusammen, den sie 1987 heiratete und der auch ihr politischer Mitstreiter war. Die beiden haben einen Sohn und drei Töchter. Das Paar trennte sich 1998, als Delannon bei der Regionalwahl gegen Taubira antrat.

Politische Laufbahn
Ab 1978 engagierte sich Taubira in der antikolonialen Bewegung Mouvement Guyanais de Décolonisation (MOGUYDE), die für die Unabhängigkeit Guyanas von Frankreich eintrat. Dieses Ziel gab sie jedoch in den 1980er-Jahren auf und favorisierte seither einen autonomen Status für das Übersee-Département. Im Jahr 1992 gründete sie mit ihrem damaligen Ehemann Roland Delannon die sozialistisch orientierte Partei Walwari und wurde deren Vorsitzende.

Im Jahr darauf wurde Taubira erstmals als Abgeordnete Französisch-Guyanas in die französische Nationalversammlung gewählt und 1997, 2002 und 2007 jeweils wiedergewählt. Bei der Vertrauensabstimmung über die Regierung Édouard Balladurs stimmte Taubira 1993 mit Ja. In der Nationalversammlung gehörte sie 1993 bis 1997 der Fraktion République et liberté an, die Abgeordnete kleiner Parteien der Linken wie der Rechten vereinte. Ab 1997 gehörte sie meist als sogenannte Apparentée der Sozialistischen Fraktion an; von November 2001 bis Juni 2002 war sie Mitglied der Fraktion Radical-citoyen-vert, der auch die Abgeordneten der Parti radical de gauche angehörten.

Von 1994 bis 1999 gehörte sie für die linksliberale Liste Énergie radicale auch dem Europaparlament an, wo sie in der Fraktion der Radikalen Europäischen Allianz saß.

2001 wurde Christiane Taubira Namensgeberin der loi Taubira. In diesem Gesetz erkannte Frankreich den Sklavenhandel und die Sklaverei als Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit an. Taubira war Berichterstatterin für das Gesetz in der Nationalversammlung.

2002 kandidierte Taubira für die Parti radical de gauche (PRG) bei der Präsidentschaftswahl im April 2002 und erhielt im ersten Wahlgang rund 660.000 Stimmen (2,3 Prozent). Ihre Kandidatur trug zu einer Zersplitterung des linken Lagers bei, die letztlich dazu führte, dass der sozialistische Kandidat Lionel Jospin nur auf Platz drei kam und die Stichwahl zwischen dem Konservativen Jacques Chirac und dem Rechtsextremen Jean-Marie Le Pen stattfand.

2007 gehörte Taubira dem Wahlkampfteam der sozialistischen Präsidentschaftskandidatin Ségolène Royal an. 2011 unterstützte sie in den sozialistischen Vorwahlen Arnaud Montebourg.

Am 16. Juni 2012 wurde Taubira als Justizministerin in das Kabinett von Jean-Marc Ayrault berufen. Sie blieb auch nach der Regierungsneubildung nach den Parlamentswahlen im Juni 2012 im Amt. Als Justizministerin war Taubira zuständig für die Gesetzgebung der Mariage pour tous, mit der die Ehe für homosexuelle Paare geöffnet wurde.

Der französische Staatspräsident François Hollande und die Regierung Ayrault II wollten eine Reform des französischen Justizsystems durchführen. Im Januar 2014 stellte Taubira Entwürfe der Öffentlichkeit vor.

Am 27. Januar 2016 trat Taubira auch auf Aufforderung von Staatspräsident Hollande zurück. Sie hatte sich zuvor mehrfach gegen Maßnahmen der Regierung nach den Anschlägen vom 13. November 2015 in Paris gestellt, insbesondere gegen das Vorhaben, wegen Terrorismus verurteilten Personen die französische Staatsbürgerschaft zu entziehen.

Am 15. Januar 2022 erklärte Taubira ihre Kandidatur für die französische Präsidentschaftswahl im selben Jahr. Bei einer Urwahl ("primaire populaire") vor der Präsidentschaftswahl 2022 unter linken Wählern erlangte sie die beste Durchschnittsnote, vor weiteren linken Kandidaten wie Anne Hidalgo oder Jean-Luc Mélenchon. Da sie jedoch nicht ausreichend Unterstützungserklärungen (parrainages) von Amts- und Mandatsträgern erhielt, gab sie die Kandidatur am 2. März 2022 auf.

Schriften
 Mes météores : combats politiques au long cours. Mémoires. Flammarion, Paris 2012, ISBN 978-2-08-127895-0.

Weblinks

  (Archivversion, 2012)
 Christiane Taubira auf der Homepage der französischen Regierung
 Christiane Taubira bei der französischen Nationalversammlung (13. Wahlperiode)

Einzelnachweise

Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Justizminister (Frankreich)
Mitglied der Nationalversammlung (Frankreich)
Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments für Frankreich
Kandidat für das Präsidentenamt (Frankreich)
PRG-Mitglied
Franzose
Geboren 1952
Frau

Christiane Taubira


Rekreacijski narkoturizam (eng. Recreational drug tourism) je putovanje u svrhu nabave ili korištenja droga za rekreacijsku upotrebu koje su nedostupne, ilegalne ili vrlo skupe u jurisdikciji vlastite države. Narko-turist može prijeći državnu granicu kako bi nabavio drogu koja se ne prodaje odnosno ilegalna je u njegovoj domovini ili kako bi je priskrbio, a koja je dostupnija u posjećenoj destinaciji. Narko-turist također može prijeći sub-nacionalnu granicu (iz jedne pokrajine, okruga ili države u drugu) kako bi učinio isto, isto kao u kanabis turizmu, ili kako bi lakše kupio alkohol ili duhan, ili po nižoj cijeni zbog poreznih zakona ili drugih regulacija.

Empirijske studije pokazuju da je narkoturizam heterogenog karaktera i može uključivati ili potragu za emocijom užitka i bijeg od stvarnosti ili potragu za produbljenijim i smislenijim iskustvima kroz konzumaciju droga.

Narkoturizam sadrži mnoge pravne implikacije, a osobe koje se njime bave ponekad riskiraju kazneni progon za krijumčarenje droga ili druge optužbe povezane s drogom u svojoj matičnoj jurisdikciji ili u jurisdikciji koju posjećuju, i isto tako ako odluče donijeti svoje narudžbe kući umjesto da ih iskoriste u inozemstvu. Putovanje u svrhu kupnje ili konzumiranja droga je samo po sebi kazneno djelo u nekim jurisdikcijama.

Uz sav ostali turizam koji se zbiva, zbog pandemije COVID-19 privremeno je usporen (ili ponegdje zaustavljen) i narkoturizam.

Prema zemlji/regiji

Indija
Malana, u Indiji je poznata po proizvodnji indijskog hašiša ili tzv. Malana kreme, koja je privlačna stranim turistima. Indijske ljekarne također prodaju mnoge generičke lijekove po cijenama daleko nižim nego u SAD-u.

Afrika
U nekim mjestima sjevernog Maroka kao što je Chaouen kanabis se sadi za proizvodnju hašiša. Postoji velika potražnja od strane nekih europskih i američkih potrošače zbog niske cijene.

Europa

U Europi je Nizozemska popularna destinacija za narko-turiste, a posebice Amsterdam, zbog liberalnijeg stava nizozemskog naroda prema konzumaciji i posjedovanju kanabisa. Narkoturizam cvjeta jer se zakonodavstvo koje kontrolira prodaju, posjedovanje i korištenje droga dramatično razlikuje od jedne jurisdikcije do druge.

U svibnju 2011., nizozemska vlada je donijela odluka i objavila da će turistima biti zabranjen ulazak u nizozemske kafiće, koji stupa na snagu  na kraju 2011. u južnim pokrajinama, i ostatku zemlje do 2012., iako to nikada nije formalizirano u zakon, tako su  i kafići diljem Nizozemske i dalje ostaju otvoreni za turiste od početka svibnja 2016. 25.11. 2014. dvoje britanskih turista u dobi od 20 i 21 godine umrlo je u hotelskoj sobi u Amsterdamu nakon što su ušmrkali bijeli heroin koji im je ulični diler preprodao pod navodom da je to kokain. Tijela su pronađena u manje od mjesec dana, nakon što je još jedan britanski turist preminuo u sličnim okolnostima. Također, najmanje je nakon toga 17 drugih moralo potražiti medicinsku pomoć nakon uzimanja bijelog heroina.

Sjeverna Amerika
Narkoturizam se u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama sagledava kroz više perspektiva. Amerikanci između 18 i 21 godine mogu prijeći granicu s Kanadom ili Meksikom kako bi legalno kupili alkohol. S druge strane se dešava ista situacija ali sagledana kroz drugačiju perspektivu, mnogi Kanađani putuju u Sjedinjene Američke Države kako bi kupili alkohol po nižim cijenama zbog visokih poreza na alkohol u Kanadi. Amerikanci koji žive u "suhim okruzima" (eng. dry counties) također često prelaze među-državne ili granicu same države kako bi kupili alkohol. Zbog činjenice da je kanabis sada legalan u Kanadi, Amerikanci mogu prijeći granicu kako bi ga legalno kupili.

Mnogi Amerikanci isto tako prelaze državne granice kako bi kupili cigarete, prelazeći iz jurisdikcije koja ima velike poreze na cigarete u jurisdikciju (kao što je neka druga država ili područje indijanskog naroda) s nižim porezima na cigarete. To se posebno događa u sjeveroistočnim Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, gdje države ubiru jedan od najviših poreza na duhan u zemlji.

Kanada,
Od listopada 2018., konzumacija i posjedovanje kanabisa u limitiranim količinama legalna je u Kanadi.

Sjedinjene Američke Države
Od legalizacije kanabisa u Aljaski, Arizoni, Kaliforniji, Connecticutu, Coloradu, Illinoisu, Maineu, Massachusettsu, Michiganu, Nevadi, Oregonu, Vermontu, državi Washington i Washington DC, turisti kojima je motiv konzumacija droga, putuju iz država i zemalja u kojima je kanabis ilegalan do tih država u kojima je kanabis legalan kako bi kupili i konzumirali kanabis i proizvode od kanabisa.

Meksiko
Prodaja i posjedovanje psilocina i psilocibina zabranjeni su saveznim zdravstvenim zakonom koji stupa na snagu 1984. Međutim, ova se zabrana uglavnom ne provodi protiv domicilnih potrošača psilocibinskih gljiva. Kao rezultat toga, gradovi Huautla de Jiménez i San José del Pacífico (oba se nalaze u južnoj državi Oaxaca), postali su poznati po svojoj asocijaciji s čarobnim gljivama i konstituiraju sigurno utočište čak i za ne domicilne potrošače.

Južna Amerika
U Južnoj Americi neke turiste privlače sela u slijevu rijeke Amazone kako bi se isprobao lokalni religijski sakrament zvan ayahuasca, mješavinu psihodeličnih biljaka koje se koriste u tradicionalnim ceremonijama. Isto tako, turisti u Peruu isprobavaju halucinogeni kaktus San Pedro kojega su izvorno konzumirala lokalna plemena.

Kolumbija
Reputacija Kolumbije kao svjetske prijestolnice kokaina privukla je turiste, na nezadovoljstvo domicilnog stanovništva. U Medellínu se u početku mala industrija razvila oko mjesta povezanih s Pablom Escobarom. Obični dileri droge također profitiraju od kokaina, kojega posjetiteljima prodaju po cijenama mnogo nižim nego u svojim domovinama. U dijelovima zemlje postoje i ture "napravite vlastiti kokain" (eng. make "make your own cocaine"); međutim oni su vrlo nezakonite.

Oceanija
U Australiji, australski glavni teritorij i Južna Australija imaju liberalniji pristup upotrebi kanabisa, promičući međudržavni narko-turizam, posebno države poput Victorije i Novog Južnog Walesa, isto tako, neka područja sjevernog Novog Južnog Walesa imaju podosta liberalnu rekreacijsku kulturu konzumacije droga, osobito područja oko Nimbina, gdje se održava godišnji festival MardiGrass. Diskretni lokalni vodiči također mogu biti izvor biljaka.

Izvori

Turizam

Narkorekreacijski turizam


Tauschgeschäfte und Spione (englischer Originaltitel: The Crepes of Wrath) ist die elfte Folge der ersten Staffel der US-amerikanischen Zeichentrickserie Die Simpsons.

Handlung
Nachdem Bart eine Knallkirsche auf der Toilette der Schule zündet, während Rektor Skinners Mutter Agnes auf dieser sitzt, geht dieser zu ihm nach Hause, um darüber mit seinen Eltern zu reden. Wegen Barts ganzen Streichen empfiehlt Skinner ihnen ein Schüleraustauschprogramm. Daraufhin fliegt Bart nach Frankreich auf ein Weingut der beiden Männer Cesar und Uguolin.

Im Gegensatz zu seinen Vorstellungen sind seine Austauscheltern sehr hart, da er bei ihnen schwere Arbeiten erledigen muss, kaum etwas zu essen bekommt und keine Freizeit hat. Bart entdeckt schließlich, dass Cesar und Uguolin ihren Wein mit Frostschutzmittel strecken und muss ihnen in der Stadt neues kaufen, als es leer ist. Als Bart dort einen Polizisten antrifft, erzählt er ihm davon durch seine neuen Sprachkenntnisse auf Französisch, woraufhin seine Gasteltern festgenommen werden.

Währenddessen bekommen die Simpsons im Gegenzug den Austauschschüler Adil Hoxha aus Albanien. Dieser ist an Homers Arbeitsstelle im Kernkraftwerk interessiert und will sie sich anschauen. Nachdem er dies getan hat, übermittelt er im Baumhaus der Familie seiner Regierung in Albanien geheime Botschaften. Tage darauf wird Adil wegen Spionage vom FBI festgenommen und wieder zurück in sein Land geschickt.

Schließlich kommt Bart wieder nach Hause zurück und erzählt seiner Familie unter anderem seine neuen Französisch-Kenntnisse.

Kulturelle Referenzen

Cesar and Ugolin sind nach den französischen Filmen Jean Florette und Manons Rache aus dem Jahre 1986 benannt. Barts Geschenk aus Frankreich an Maggie nimmt Bezug auf den französischen Kinderfilm Der rote Ballon von 1956. Auf dem Weg zum Weingut kommen Bart und Ugolin an mehreren Kulissen berühmter Gemälde vorbei, insbesondere Le Bassin aux Nymphéas von Claude Monet, Champ de blé aux corbeaux von Vincent van Gogh, Le rêve von Henri Rousseau und Déjeuner sur l'herbe von Édouard Manet. Die Wahl von Frostschutzmittel für das Verbrechen ist eine Anspielung auf den Glykolwein-Skandal aus dem Jahr 1985.

Produktion
Tauschgeschäfte und Spione war die erste Folge von Die Simpsons, die von George Meyer geschrieben wurde, welcher sie zusammen mit Sam Simon, John Swartzwelder und Jon Vitti schrieb. Die Folge wurde von dem französischen Film Manons Rache inspiriert. Die Autoren versuchten herauszufinden, aus welchem Land der Austauschschüler kommen sollte, und entschieden sich schließlich für Albanien. Sie hatten das Land nicht oft im Fernsehen gesehen und entschieden sich, dass die Folge eine Hommage an den Albaner John Belushi sein sollte. Die Autoren wussten nicht viel über das Land und konnten sich deshalb keinen guten Namen denken, weshalb sie ihm den Nachnamen "Hoxha" nach dem ehemaligen albanischen Diktator Enver Hoxha gaben. Sie verwendeten sowohl echtes Albanisch in der Szene, in der sich Adil von seiner Familie verabschiedet, als auch echtes Französisch in den Szenen, in denen Bart in Frankreich ist. Die Autoren machten einige Nachforschungen auf einem bestimmten Flughafen in Frankreich für die Aufnahmen von Bart am Flughafen in Paris.

Rezeption
Die Erstausstrahlung der Folge The Crepes of Wrath beendete die Nielsen Ratings der Woche vom 9. bis 15. April 1990 mit einem Rating von 15,9 auf dem 29. Platz. Sie war damit die am zweitmeisten gesehene Sendung auf Fox in dieser Woche.

Die Folge erhielt hauptsächlich positive Kritiken. Warren Martyn und Adrian Wood, die Autoren des Buches I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, schrieben: "Die erste Simpsons-Folge, die dem Spott einer ganzen Nation gewidmet ist, und wo wäre es besser, als in Frankreich zu beginnen? Eine Meisterleistung […]" In einer DVD-Rezension der ersten Staffel gab David B. Grelck der Folge eine Bewertung von 2,5 von 5 Punkten und schrieb: "Während die Lacher in dieser Folge ein bisschen trocken sind, ist der obere Plot ein Hinweis auf die kommende Verrücktheit." Colin Jacobson von DVD Movie Guide schrieb: "Es ist klar, dass die Autoren zu dieser Zeit, in der diese Folge produziert wurde, damit begonnen hatten, ihren Groove zu finden. Von Anfang bis Ende bot 'Crepes' eine solide Erfahrung, als die Sendung begann, mehr Stil und Reffinesse zu bieten." Scott Collura von Hollywood Video lobte die Folge im Rahmen einer Rezension und schrieb: "Sie ist eine der besten der ersten Staffel." Im Jahre 1997 erklärte David Bauder von TV Guide diese Folge als die beste Folge von Die Simpsons und die 17. beste aller Fernsehserien aller Zeiten. Im Jahre 2006 führte die Internetseite IGN The Crepes of Wrath als die beste Folge der ersten Staffel auf und meinte: "Sie verfügt über einen starken zentralen Handlungsstrang mit Bart, der nach Frankreich als Austauschschüler ausgeliefert und gezwungen wird, für zwei skrupellose Winzer zu arbeiten, die Frostschutzmittel in den Wein mischen." Ken Tucker bewertete in einer am 18. Mai 1990 erschienenen Ausgabe der Entertainment Weekly eine Szene dieser Folge, in der sich Lisa und Adil beim Abendessen unter anderem über Demokratie streiten und schließlich von Homer darüber belehrt werden, als "einen der lustigsten Sitcom-Momente in diesem Jahr". Der kulturelle Bezug in dieser Folge auf den französischen Kurzfilm Der rote Ballon wurde von Nathan Ditum von Total Film als die drittbeste Film-Referenz in der Geschichte der Serie erklärt.

Im Buch Planet Simpson stellt Autor Chris Turner fest, dass viele französische Charaktere und Schauplätze in dieser Folge weitgehend von amerikanischen Klischees über Frankreich abgeleitet seien. Er fuhr fort: "[Caeser und Ugolin] sind perfekte Ausführungen des klischeehaften Franzosen, der in den Vereinigten Staaten so verabscheut wird." Die Folge ist Studienmaterial für soziologische Kurse an der University of California, Berkeley geworden, wo sie verwendet wird, um "Themen der Produktion und Rezeption von Kulturgütern zu untersuchen, in diesem Fall eine satirische Zeichentrickserie" und um herauszufinden, was "sie versucht, dem Publikum vor allem über Aspekte der amerikanischen Gesellschaft zu erzählen und in geringerem Maße über andere Gesellschaften".

Weblinks

 The Crepes of Wrath auf The Simpsons.com
 Eintrag von Tauschgeschäfte und Spione auf Simpsonspedia.net

Einzelnachweise

Die-Simpsons-Episode

cs:Simpsonovi (první série)#Kyselé hrozny sladké Francie

Tauschgeschäfte und Spione


Las Grandes Playas son un conjunto de playas de Corralejo, en el municipio de La Oliva, de la isla de Fuerteventura (Canarias, España).

Está formado por las playas de:
 Los Martos
 El Viejo
 Larga
 El Pozo
 El Caserón

Comprende en total una longitud de 3 kilómetros y medio y gran parte de ellas se encuentran dentro del parque natural de Corralejo, un bello y excepcional paraje natural. También se las conoce como las playas de los hoteles, debido a unos hoteles que son la única construcción dentro del paraje natural, que han sido muy discutidos por su emplazamiento.

Varias de las playas son nudistas y algunas cuentan con pequeñas "fortificaciones" con cantos rodados y rocas a modo de cuevas o resguardos y como la mayoría de las playas naturales de la isla, son muy protegidas y cuidadas por los isleños.

Debido a su gran extensión, la ocupación es baja, pese a ser uno de los lugares que más gente atrae. Tanto locales, como turistas.

Se dan unas condiciones muy favorables para la práctica de los tres deportes acuáticos preferidos en la isla, como son el surf, el windsurf y el kitesurf.

La Oliva
Playas de Fuerteventura

Grandes Playas


Liochirus cycloderus es una  especie de coleóptero adéfago de la familia Carabidae y el único miembro del género monotípico Liochirus.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
  Liochirus en ION
 Nomenclator Zoologicus

Ditomina

Liochirus


Die Active Pass ist eine Meerenge des Pazifischen Ozeans im südwestlichen Teil British Columbias in Kanada. Die kurze Wasserstraße wird durch Galiano Island und Mayne Island der 'Outer Gulf Islands-Group' gebildet. Die Meerenge ist zwar nur 5,5 Kilometer lang, dafür an ihren engsten Stelle auch nur rund 500 Meter breit.

Verkehrstechnisch ist sie von erheblicher Bedeutung, da durch sie verschiedene Fährverbindungen, unter anderem eine zwischen dem Festland und Vancouver Island verlaufen.
Problematisch ist die Passage zum einen dadurch, dass sie zweimal sehr abrupt ihren Verlauf ändert und zum anderen dadurch, dass sich hier die Fähren vom Festland und von Vancouver Island kommend regelmäßig passieren müssen. Bedingt durch die Tide wechselt die Strömung mit ihr jeweils ihre Richtung und die Strömung läuft mal mit 3 bis 4 Knoten Richtung Norden und dann mit 3 bis 4 Knoten Richtung Süden.

Geschichte
Die Active Pass hat ihren Namen nach dem US-amerikanischen Kriegsschiff USS Active, dem ersten dampfgetrieben Schiff, das die im Jahr 1855 Passage befahren hat. Bis zum Jahr 1858 war die Engstelle noch unter dem Namen Plumper Pass, nach dem britischen Schiff HMS Plumper benannt.

Tierwelt
Neben der Möglichkeit im Active Pass Seehunde, Seelöwen und Weißkopfseeadler zu sichten, ist das Gebiet für Vögel sehr wichtig. Hier brüten oder überwintern zum Beispiel der Pazifiktaucher, die Bonapartemöwe oder aus der Familie der Kormorane die Pinselscharbe.

Unfälle
Bedingt durch die Enge der Passage und ihren abrupten Verlauf ist es in der Meerenge mehrfach zu Schiffsunglücken gekommen. Die wichtigsten Unglücke sind:
 2. August 1970; bei einem Zusammenstoss zwischen dem russischen Frachter Sergey Yesenin und der Fähre Queen of Victoria der BC Ferries wurden drei Personen getötet und es entstand ein Sachschaden in Höhe von 1 Mio. C$.
 9. August 1979; die Fähre Queen of Alberni der BC Ferries lief in der Active Pass auf Grund. Neben erheblichem Sachschaden und einem getöteten Rennpferd kamen dabei zum Glück keine Menschen zu Tode.

Weblinks

 Video auf YouTube: Fahrt mit einer Fähre durch die Active Pass

Einzelnachweise

Meerenge (Pazifischer Ozean)
Meerenge in Kanada
Geographie (British Columbia)
Capital Regional District
Salish Sea
Meerenge in Nordamerika

Active Pass


An Carex ochrosaccus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Charles Baron Clarke, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Bruce Gordon Hamlin. An Carex ochrosaccus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex ochrosaccus


Kongeriget Essex eller Østsaksernes Kongerige (; ), va ren af de syv traditionelle kongeriger i det angelsaksiske heptarki. Det blev grundlagt i 500-tallet og dækkede det områder, som senere blev til countierne Essex Essex, Hertfordshire, Middlesex og i en kort periode Kent. Kongerne af Essex var ofte underlagt konger fra andre kongeriger i større eller mindre grad. Den sidste konge af Essex var Sigered og i 825 overgav han kongeriget til Egbert af Wessex.

Referencer

Litteratur
 Carpenter, Clive. Kings, Rulers and Statesmen. Guinness Superlatives, Ltd.
 Ross, Martha. Rulers and Governments of the World, Vol. 1. Earliest Times to 1491.

Angelsaksiske kongeriger
Essex

Kongeriget Essex


Cayo Hachuela es una isla del Océano Atlántico que pertenece a Cuba, y se ubica en las inmediaciones de la Bahía de Sagua la Grande, siendo administrativamente una parte de la provincia de Villa Clara. en las coordenadas geográficas  , al sur de Cayo Maravillas, al norte de la Boca de Canete, al oeste de la Boca del Serón, y al este de Cayo Palomo y Cayo Levisal, 247 kilómetros al este de la capital, la ciudad de La Habana.

Referencias

Véase también
 Geografía de Cuba
 Geografía de América

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de Localización

Archipiélagos e islas de Cuba

Cayo Hachuela


Rory Charles Graham (født 29. januar 1985 i Warrington, England), bedre kendt som Rag'n'Bone Man, er en engelsk sanger og sangskriver.

Han udgav i 2016 singlen "Human", sammen med albummet Human. Året efter udgav han sangen "Skin", som også blev populær.

Diskografi
 Human (2017)
     Giant ( Calvin Harris, Rag`n`Bone) 2019

Sangere fra England

Rag'n'Bone Man


The prime minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis is the head of government of the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis. The current Prime Minister is Terrance Drew since 6th August 2022.

Chief Ministers (1960–1967)

Elizabeth II (1960–1967)

Premiers (1967–1983)

Elizabeth II (1967–1983)

Prime Ministers (1983–present)

Elizabeth II (1983–2022)

Charles III (2022–present)

References

See also
Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Deputy Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Premier of Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis, Prime Ministers

Prime Minister
1983 establishments in Saint Kitts and Nevis
Prime ministers

List of prime ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis


Les Vierges damnées () est un film d'épouvante italien réalisé par Pier Carpi et sorti en 1979.

Le film est adapté du roman du même nom écrit par le réalisateur lui-même et paru en 1975.

Synopsis
Carlotta, Raffaella, Lena et Agata vouent un culte à Lucifer, et finissent par s'unir sexuellement avec lui. De ces unions infernales naissent Annalisa, la fille de Lena, et Daria, la fille de Carlotta.

Annalisa vit le fait d'être la fille du diable comme une tragédie et se suicide. Daria, quant à elle, apprend à vivre avec ses terribles pouvoirs et se délecte de son ascendance démoniaque. Un exorciste tente de la combattre, aidé par la repentante Carlotta, mais en vain : Daria se rend à Saint-Pierre pour défier le pape et obtenir le pouvoir absolu sur les âmes.

Fiche technique
 Titre français : Les Vierges damnées
 Titre original italien :
 Réalisateur : Pier Carpi
 Scénario : Pier Carpi d'après son roman homonyme paru en 1975.
 Photographie : Guglielmo Mancori
 Montage : Manlio Camastro
 Musique : Stelvio Cipriani, Claudio Simonetti (piano)
 Décors : Pier Luigi Basile
 Costumes : Michela Gisotti
 Maquillage : Mario Di Salvio
 Production : Piero Amati, Carlo Lastricati, F.-Saverio Moriones, Dierk Schlotter
 Société de production : Aretusa Film, Rassy Film, Tanit Cinematografica
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : italien
 Format : Couleur par Technicolor - 1,85:1 - Son mono - 35 mm
 Durée : 106 minutes ()
 Genre : Film d'épouvante
 Dates de sortie :
 Italie :
 France :

Distribution
Anne Heywood : Carlotta Rhodes
Valentina Cortese : Lena Merrill
Frank Finlay : Paul
John Phillip Law : L'exorciste
Marisa Mell : Agatha
Irène Papas : Raffaella
Paola Tedesco : L'avocate
Lara Wendel : Daria Rhodes
Ian Bannen : professeur
Ezio Miani : Lucifer
 : Une prostituée
Patrizia Webley : Une prostituée

Dirce Funari :

Carmen Russo (non crédité) : Une danseuse
 (non crédité)

Production
Après l'échec commercial de son premier long-métrage Povero Cristo, le scénariste et réalisateur Pier Carpi commence à travailler sur l'adaptation de son roman Un'ombra nell'ombra ( « Une ombre dans l'ombre »), l'histoire d'une assemblée de sorcières, issues de différents milieux sociaux et qui ont des difficultés à s'intégrer dans la société contemporaine italienne. Le titre original du film était La signora delle mosche. Carpi a révélé qu'il avait contacté Jean Seberg, Claudia Marsani, Marilù Tolo, Terence Stamp et Jacqueline Kennedy pour les rôles principaux. Le tournage commence en octobre 1976 à Rome et à Zagreb, mais il est reporté à janvier 1977. Le mois suivant, Victoria Zinny abandonne le tournage parce qu'elle refuse de prononcer une phrase que Pier Carpi a ajoutée au scénario à la dernière minute : « L'avortement est une idée monstrueuse. Les gouvernements qui l'autorisent sont constitués de criminels ». Le tournage a été interrompu à plusieurs reprises en raison du manque de fonds et n'a repris régulièrement qu'au début de 1979 grâce au producteur Piero Amati, qui a contribuer à compléter le film dans les deux dernières semaines de tournage.

Exploitation
Le film est sorti à l'automne 1979, précédé de quelques rumeurs lancées par Pier Carpi lui-même. Il fait état dans les médias d'un prétendu fantôme qui aurait hanté Irène Papas dans le château de Vignanello pendant le tournage. À l'époque de sa sortie, le film a fait un bide, mais il est devenu avec le temps un film culte à l'étranger, notamment aux États-Unis où il est sorti en DVD sous le titre Satan's Wife et plus tard sous le titre Ring of Darkness.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film italien sorti en 1979
Film d'horreur italien
Film sur le satanisme
Film sur le suicide
Film en italien
Film avec une musique composée par Stelvio Cipriani
Film avec une musique composée par Claudio Simonetti
Adaptation d'un roman italien au cinéma
Film tourné à Rome
Film se déroulant à Rome
Film tourné au Vatican
Film se déroulant au Vatican
Film tourné à Zagreb

Les Vierges damnées


10388 Zhuguangya este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
10388 Zhuguangya este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Xinglong în cadrul programului Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,22 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 17,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 10001-11000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

10388 Zhuguangya


Vasile Mălinescu (n. 1817, Valea Seacă, Ducatul Bucovinei, Imperiul Austriac – d. 1866) a fost un om politic și publicist român.

Biografie
A fost unul dintre conducătorii "Asociației patriotice" (1846), participant la Revoluția de la 1848 din Franța, unul dintre apropiații lui Nicolae Bălcescu în anii exilului. A făcut parte ca membru în Adunarea Ad-hoc a Moldovei (1857) în care a cerut împroprietărirea clăcașilor.

A editat, împreună cu Mihail Kogălniceanu și N. Ionescu, ziarul unionist "Steaua Dunării" (1857-1860).

Note

Nașteri în 1817
Decese în 1866
Politicieni români
Participanți la Revoluțiile de la 1848
Politicieni români din secolul al XIX-lea
Publiciști români
Români din secolul al XIX-lea
Români bucovineni

Vasile Mălinescu


Kattekongen bliver kåret i forbindelse med fastelavnsritualet at slå katten af tønden. Den person, der slår det sidste stykke af tønden ned, bliver kattekonge.

Der er ikke konsensus om, hvilken del af tønden der er vigtigst, men det er typisk enten det første bræt, det sidste bræt eller bunden, der ryger ned (og typisk frigiver resten af slikket gemt i tønden).

Der kåres oftest også en kattedronning, typisk ved en af de begivenheder, der ikke er udvalgt til at pege på kattekongen. I nogle tilfælde er det dog enten den person, der står foran eller bagved kattekongen, der bliver kattedronning.

Ritualer

Kattekonge


George H. Gay Jr. (8 de março de 1917 — 21 de outubro de 1994) foi um piloto da marinha norte-americana durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Dos 30 tripulantes VT-8 do Hornet que participaram da decisiva Batalha de Midway, o Alferes Gay foi o único sobrevivente.

Ver também

Oficiais da Marinha dos Estados Unidos
Sepultamentos em alto-mar
Batalha de Midway

George H. Gay Jr.


was a town located in Naga District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003 town had an estimated population of 15,111 and a density of 311.89 persons per km². The total area was 48.45 km².

On November 11, 2005, Uchita, along with the towns of Kishigawa, Kokawa, Momoyama and Naga (all from Naga District), was merged to create the city of Kinokawa.

External links
Official town website
Kinokawa city

Dissolved municipalities of Wakayama Prefecture
Kinokawa, Wakayama

Uchita, Wakayama


Nil Burak'ın ilk 45'liğidir.

Şarkı Listesi
 Sus (Söz-Müzik: Şanar Yurdatapan / Düzenleme: Şanar Yurdatapan)
 Tatlı Tatlı (Söz-Müzik: Tuğrul Dağcı / Düzenleme: Atilla Özdemiroğlu)

Nil Burak albümleri
1975 albümleri

Sus / Tatlı Tatlı


nice برنامج موجود في أنظمة التشغيل يونكس وشبيهة يونكس مثل جنو/لينكس. يتعامل nice مباشرة مع استدعاء في النواة بنفس الاسم. يقوم nice بترتيب أولوية العمليات في جدول النواة. يعطي الرقم -20 الأولوية العليا للعملية و19 الأولوية الدنيا لها. الرقم المبدئي للعمليات عادة ما يكون 0

يصبح nice مهمًا عندما تطلب العمليات مواردًا لا تستطيع وحدة المعالجة المركزية إعطاءها. في هذه الحالة، تنال العملية ذات الأولوية العليا مقدرًا أكبر من وقت وحدة المعالجة المركزية. إذا كانت وحدة المعالجة المركزية قادرة على توفير موارد أكثر مما تطلبه العمليات، فعندها حتى أقل العمليات أولوية يمكنها أن تحصل على 99% من وحدة المعالجة المركزية. الجذر وحده يستطيع ضبط nice إلى قيمة ذات أولوية عليا. في جنو/لينكس يمكن تغيير /etc/security/limits.conf للسماح لمستخدمين آخرين أو لمجموعات أخرى بأن تضبط قيمًا منخفضة.

مراجع

خدمات مواصفات يونكس المنفردة

نايس (يونكس)


جامع مرجان من مساجد العراق الأثرية القديمة، ويقع في شارع الرشيد، في منطقة الشورجة على يمين الداخل إلى سوق العطارين ببغداد، وهو مسجد محكم البناء وفسيح الأرجاء وكانت فيهِ مدرسة تسمى المدرسة المرجانية وشيد هذه المدرسة أمين الدين مرجان بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن السلطاني الأولجايتي من موالي السلطان أويس بن حسن الإليخاني أحد أمراء الجلائريون عام 758هـ/ 1356م، وشرط التدريس فيها على المذاهب الأربعة، ووقف على لوازمها ما كان يملكه من عقارات في بغداد وخارجها ذكرها في وقفيته التي كانت محررة بالحجر على جدران المدرسة وبنى لها غرفاً للمدرسين وكذلك مستشفى يطل على نهر دجلة خاص لطلبة العلم، وأصبح فيما بعد هذا المستشفى قهوة الشط وتوابعها، وتوفي أمين الدين مرجان عام 774 هـ، ودفن في المدرسة وشيد على قبرهِ قبة جميلة ومشيفة الشكل هدمت فيما بعد عند توسعة شارع الرشيد، وبعد ذلك أتخذ الوزير سليمان باشا من المدرسة مسجداً جامعاً تقام فيهِ الصلوات الخمس وصلاة الجمعة وصلاة العيدين، وآخر تعمير للجامع كان في عام 1392هـ/ 1973م من قبل وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الدينية حيث شمل الترميم القباب والسياج الخارجي والساحة والواجهة الأمامية وتبلغ مساحة الجامع حوالي 1500م2 ويستوعب لحوالي 1200 مصل، ويحتوي مصلى حرم الجامع على ثلاث قباب اثنان منها صغيرة وواحدة كبيرة مرتكزة على أقواس تنتهي بالجدران المحيطة بها، وهذا ما أضاف للمصلى روعة هندسية وفنية مميزة، وكان ممن درس في هذه المدرسة الملحقة بهِ العلامة الحاج موسى سميكة مفتي الحنابلة في بغداد، والشيخ أبو الثناء محمود الآلوسي، وأبنه نعمان الآلوسي المتوفي عام 1317هـ/ 1899م، وحفيده محمود شكري الآلوسي، وعلي علاء الدين الآلوسي الذي دفن في ساحة المدرسة بعد وفاته عام 1339هـ/ 1921م، ومن قبلهِ توفي والده نعمان الآلوسي ودفن قربه، وكذلك من الشيوخ المدرسين في المدرسة المرجانية الشيخ ابراهيم الآلوسي الذي درس فيها للفترة من عام 1923 ولغاية عام1927م، وآخر من درس فيها قبل إغلاقها الأستاذ فؤاد بن أحمد شاكر الآلوسي.

شغل الشيخ نجم الدين الواعظ منصب الإمامة والخطابة في الجامع عام 1947م، وكان يلقي فيه دروس الوعظ والأرشاد وله فيه مجلس حافل بأهل العلم والأدب.

ولقد خط الخطاط درويش نعمان الذكائي بقلم خط الثلث الأبيات المحررة على لوحة الكاشاني الأزرق المرسومة على باب مصلى الجامع، والمؤرخة عام 1200هـ/1786م، وهذه الأبيات:

توسعة شارع الرشيد عام 1946
وفي عام 1365هـ/ 1946م، هدمت القبة التي تحوي الضريح وكذلك المدرسة وأقتطع من الجامع جزء كبير أضيف إلى شارع الرشيد وشيد على ما تبقى منهُ مسجد جامع ولم يبق من أصل المدرسة سوى بابها الأثري القديم، ولقد كانت المناوشات مستمرة في الثلاثينيات بين الحكومة ودائرة أمانة عاصمة بغداد حول موقع جامع مرجان الذي يدخل كالقوس في الشارع وحاولت دائرة الأمانة تهديمه عدة مرات لولا وقوف مديرية الآثار العامة وبعض العلماء والمثقفين في بغداد ضد الفكرة مما ادى إلى تاجيلها حينا من الدهر، ومن الطريف ان أحد امناء العاصمة عقد مؤتمراً صحفياً في قاعة الامانة وقال: (اني استغرب هذا الاهتمام الشديد بجامع عتيق خرب وانا مستعد أن ابني مكانه بعد تهديمه جامعاً أكبر وافخم فلم هذا الإلحاح والتمسك به؟)، وهكذا فقد طلعت الصحف والجرائد في اليوم الثاني تشيد بذكاء هذا الأمين وثقافته، وتمسكه بالمحافظة عل التراث أكثر من تمسك (المس بل)، التي رفضت تهديم جامع مرجان لأنه أثر ثقافي تاريخي، ومع هذا فقد أنعمت عليهِ الحكومة بان نقلتهُ إلى وظيفة مهمة كبيرة أخرى في الدولة، وبعد ذلك تم هدم جزء من الجامع والمدرسة مع القبة المشيفة الأثرية التي تحوي ضريح أمين الدين مرجان لأجل توسعة شارع الرشيد.

شكل المسجد الحالي
أما شكل بناء المسجد الحالي، فقد أقيم بنيانه في جناح آخر من المدرسة، حيث سلم من يد التهديم، ورفعت عليه ثلاث قباب، أكبرها القبة الوسطى، وقد قلدت فيها قبة المسجد الزائل إلى حد كبير.

مكتبة المدرسة
وكانت في المدرسة مكتبة ضخمة هي هدية من العلامة نعمان الآلوسي، جعلها وقفاً لطلاب العلم في المدرسة ونقلت هذه المكتبة التي تضم مخطوطات كثيرة من نوادر الكتب السلفية إلى مكتبة الأوقاف العامة، الواقعة في باب المعظم، ثم تم حرق هذه المكتبة بعد غزو العراق في عام 2003م.

معرض صور
<div style="text-align: center;">

مصادر

آثار العراق
مدارس تاريخية
مساجد بغداد
مساجد بنيت في القرن 14
مساجد تاريخية

جامع مرجان


Rovanjska je naselje u sastavu općine Jasenice u Zadarskoj županiji.

Zemljopis
Rovanjska je smještena u uvali na samom kraju Velebitskog kanala, nedaleko od Zadra.

Povijest
U Domovinskom ratu bila je pod velikosrpskom okupacijom. Držali su ju pobunjeni hrvatski Srbi. Operacijom Gusar, poznatijom kao Operacija Maslenica, hrvatske su snage po planu trebale odbaciti srpske okupacijske snage radi stabilnijeg povezivanja sjever s jugom Hrvatske pravcem Zadar – Maslenica – Karlobag.
U prvoj većoj osloboditeljskoj akciji HV-a, u siječnju 1993. godine na Maslenici je sudjelovala i gospićka 9. gardijska brigada. Bez ijednog izgubljenog vojnika, deveta je iz Rovanjske silovito potisnula brojčano i tehnički nadmoćnijeg neprijatelja i zauzela visove kod Tulovih greda. Na tim položajima zamjenu je obavila 118. brigada HV koja je uz ljudske žrtve u travnju odbila siloviti napad "Niških specijalaca", zrakoplova i topništva tzv. "vojske Krajine".

Poznate osobe

 Zvonko Bušić, proveo zadnje godine života u Rovanjskoj

Spomenici kulture
 Crkva sv. Jurja (9. st.)
Pripada sjevernodalmatinskom kupolnom tipu starohrvatske crkvene arhitekture. Najstariji dio crkve presvođen je elipsoidnom kupolom te se datira u 9. st., a u čitavoj Hrvatskoj postoje još samo tri crkvene građevine ovoga tipa, smještene na zadarskim otocima. U razdoblju od 11. do 13. stoljeća crkva je nadograđivana pa je u tom vremenskom periodu nastao i zvonik na preslicu. Pored crkve nalazilo se staro srednjovjekovno groblje sa stećcima, koje je međutim devastirano prilikom izgradnje novoga groblja. Desno od crkve pronađeni su ostaci rimske ville rustice ili omanjeg rimskog naselja.
 2015. godine otkriven je spomenik Zvonku Bušiću, na samom kraju Velebitskog kanala. Kip je djelo hrvatskog akademskog kipara Maroja Batića, a nalazi se na novoj rivi u Rovanjskoj. Postavljanje spomenika organizirala je općina Jasenice.

Izvori

Naselja u Zadarskoj županiji

Rovanjska


Benefit tourism is a political term coined in the 1990s and later used for the perceived threat that a huge number of citizens from eight of the ten new nations given membership in the European Union in the 2004 enlargement of the European Union would move to the existing member states to benefit from their social welfare systems rather than to work. This threat was in several countries used as a reason for creating temporary work or benefit restrictions for citizens from the eight new member states.

Criticism
Claims of benefit tourism by EU citizens have been described as unfounded and misleading by research organisations. A major study by the Centre for Research and Migration at University College London, published in 2009, demonstrated that EU migrants to Britain from the new member countries were better educated, more likely to be in employment and much less likely to be claiming benefits than UK-born nationals.

Scare stories of benefits tourism propagated by some media in the UK have been described as 'baseless' by the Migrants' Rights Network, which in March 2011 pointed out that EU migrants  must meet the usual Habitual Residence Tests in order to register for British National Insurance (without a National Insurance number you can't receive any benefits), and are in fact moving to other areas of the EU where employment opportunities are better.

In 2013 the European Commission ordered an EU wide study on the impact of mobile EU citizens on national social security systems. This study confirmed that the vast majority of EU migrants move to find or take up employment. No evidence was found that the main motivation of EU citizens to migrate was benefit-related. On average immigrants received less benefits than nationals of the Member State where they are residing.

Another study conducted in 2014 concentrated on the UK specifically. This study showed that from 2001 to 2011, EU migrants that recently arrived in the UK had paid £20 billion in taxes to the UK treasury, after deduction of the benefits they received in that same period.

See also
 Economic results of migration

References

Human migration
Types of tourism
1990s neologisms

Benefit tourism


Tarbes (; Gascon: Tarba) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France. It is the capital of Bigorre and of the Hautes-Pyrénées. It has been a commune since 1790. It was known as Turba or Tarba in Roman times. Tarbes is part of the historical region of Gascony.

Formerly of strong industrial tradition, Tarbes today tries to diversify its activities, particularly in aeronautics and high tech around the different zones of activities which are increasing. The recent development of Tarbais beans and other regional specialties also shows a willingness to develop the agri-food industry thus justifying its nickname of "market town". Its 42,888 inhabitants are called Tarbaises and the Tarbais.

It is the seat of the diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes. The 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment and 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment are stationed in Tarbes.

Geography

Location

Tarbes is a Pre-Pyrenees town within the rich agricultural plain of the river Adour,  southwest of Toulouse,  to the east of Bayonne,  southwest of Auch and  northeast of Lourdes. Tarbes is 1 hr 30 mins from the Atlantic Ocean, 2 hrs 50 mins from the Languedoc coast and 35 minutes from the nearest ski resorts. It is located at an average elevation of .

To the south of Tarbes, along with the pilgrimage town of Lourdes, is the border with Spain. The Pyrenees mountains, lying along the border between France and Spain, can be seen from the town.

Hydrography
Tarbes is crossed to the east by the Adour river and to the west by the Échez and by the Gespe, a tributary which joins the Échez on the territory of the commune.

Neighbouring communes

Climate
Tarbes features an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb), with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall. Tarbes benefits from its privileged location in the area of the Adour, a milder microclimate than at Lourdes, from a higher altitude, and somewhat less rainy than in Pau, and sunnier. Summers are warm and often stormy, while spring is rainy and cool and autumn is mild and sunny. Winter, meanwhile, is less rigorous but can still hold some surprises. The lowest temperature was recorded in January 1985 with a temperature under shelter of . Conversely, there was a maximum temperature of  in August 2003.

Toponymy
The name of the town was recorded in the 5th century as Civitas Turba ubi castrum Bigòrra (The town of Turba (possibly 'of the crowd') where the castle of Bigòrra is located). It was an important town in Novempopulania, one of the Roman provinces at that time.  In the 6th century Gregory of Tours referred to it as Talvam vicum.  In the Middle Ages it was called Tarbé (1214), Tursa, Tarvia (1284) and also Tarbia. Not to be confused with the Tarbelli, whose capital was Dax.

Legendary origin of the name
Legend holds that the Queen of Ethiopia, Tarbis, proposed her love to Moses and that he refused. Inconsolable, she decided to leave her throne and hide her disappointment. After many wanderings, she arrived in Bigorre and built her home on the Adour to found the town of Tarbes, and its sister, on the banks of the Gave de Pau, arose as Lourdes.

History

Antiquity

In the 3rd century BC, the foundations of Tarbes began to emerge, based on the testimonies of the exhumed remains which had been buried. By need for salt trade, merchants who were likely Aquitanians travelled across the Pyrenean foothills. To continue their journey, they had to use a ford in order to cross the Adour which descended from the mountain. It was more prudent to split the loads to cross the ford as a result of which a pause was necessary. The bottom of the valley was dominated by a sandy emergence which prompted people to settle there.

Then, Tarba experienced a Roman colonisation and acquired ancient villas and large agricultural estates, found particularly in the Ormeau quarter. The existence of craft has been verified by the remains of the workshops of potters and weavers. The urban core, meanwhile, assumed the administrative functions and would have had an early Christian church in the 4th century.

Middle Ages

In the 5th and 6th centuries, as a result of the barbarian invasions which swept in successive waves, the city shrank around the castrum, of which a remnant remains in the rear courtyard of the prefecture.

In about 840 AD, the Vikings led a devastating raid following which the Bishop of Bigorre reported that the city Bigorre was beginning with the cathedral, named with originality, la Sède.

At the end of the 12th century, the count of Bigorre settled in his castle of Tarbes, resulting with the court of justice being in his suite. Then, the capital of Bigorre received a Royal Seneschal.

Two noble houses were founded in the 13th century, outside the walls, one the convent of the Cordeliers near Carrère Longue, the other being that of the Carmelites in the vicinity of the Bourg Crabé.

At the end of the medieval centuries, the city was composed of six separate fortified towns, juxtaposed and aligned on an east–west axis, where the original core was ordered around the cathedral. There were thus la Sède, Carrère, Maubourguet and Bourg Vieux flanked to the east of the Count's castle, with Bourg Neuf and Bourg Crabé each surrounded by their own walls.

During the Wars of Religion, in 1569, the troops of Jeanne d'Albret burned the cathedral, the convents and other churches as well as the bishopric. Despite the strategic destruction to try to defend Bourg Vieux, the inhabitants were massacred.

Early Modern era
In the 17th century, after the plague and the problems of housing people of war, Tarbes ensured its revival with the reconstruction of the Episcopal Palace in 1652 (today the office of the prefecture), the foundation of a third hospital in 1690 and two new convents (Capuchins and Ursulines). Irrigation of the land and the water power used by the craftsmen were produced by the system of canals derived from the Adour.

The 18th century announced a growth of the population, and the development of agriculture, crafts and trade. The town expanded and new quarters appeared (such as the current Rue Maréchal-Foch). Then, the Constituent Assembly, which included Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac (Deputy of Bigorre to the Estates-General), decided to undertake administrative reform and Tarbes benefitted by becoming capital of the department of the Hautes-Pyrénées.

19th century

Prerogatives of a chef-lieu
From 1800, Tarbes became the chef-lieu and headquarters of a prefecture (an increase of its administrative role and its functions). In 1806, Napoleon I re-established the  and Tarbes gave birth to the Anglo-Arabian horse breed. In 1859, Tarbes was connected to Paris by rail.

Legacy
In the 19th century, various legacies enrich the public spaces of Tarbes. In 1853,  bequeathed to the city the eponymous garden, still unfinished. In 1877, a donation by the former Mayor Antoine Brauhauban was responsible for the construction of an imposing hall which bore his name (this building was destroyed in 1970 to establish outdoor parking). The end of the 19th century still saw the construction of the two fountains of Place Marcadieu, a legacy of the benefactor Félicitée Duvignau.

Industrial development
After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, General Verchère de Reffye transformed the experimental workshop of Meudon, which was transferred by train to Tarbes, into a fully-fledged artillery workshop (called an arsenal by the townspeople). Thus, Tarbes became an industrial and working-class town but also asserted its military vocation by the construction of the Larrey, Soult and Reffye neighbourhoods. Today Les Forges de Tarbes still produce artillery shells for the French Army's Leclerc MBT and CAESAR self-propelled howitzer.

20th century
During World War I, Tarbes intensified its production of artillery by virtue of its geographical position in the back country. Marshal Foch, Commander-in-Chief of all allied armies, was born in Tarbes in 1851.

During World War II, the Resistance was also part of the everyday life of the town of Tarbes, which was awarded the Croix de Guerre.

After the return of peace, the industry diversified and there was an expansion of the population. Tarbes remained a city of strong military character.

21st century
Today, Tarbes has also become a university city and the main activities are now within the tertiary sector (services). In addition to its privileged geographical situation, less than an hour from the Pyrenees mountains, two hours from the Atlantic Ocean and three hours from the Mediterranean via the La Pyrénéenne autoroute, the city offers a certain lifestyle and boasts a cultural life which is packed with clubs and sport.

Heraldry

Economy

Being farther away from Toulouse than other cities of Occitanie, Tarbes may appear to display greater economic independence. Also it often occupies the second place in the regional urban hierarchy. It maintains close relations with Nouvelle-Aquitaine and, in particular, with Pau, a nearby town of the Pre-Pyrenees.

Industry

Tarbes is the second industrial city of the region. this is particularly illustrated in the field of railway construction and aeronautics with the presence of nearby companies such as Alstom and Daher. Daher-Socata manufactures business and tourism aircraft there, including the TBM 850 and TB 20. Its headquarters and its main industrial site are located on the outskirts of the Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées Airport in the canton of Ossun, south of Grand Tarbes, where its facilities are spread over , of which  are covered surfaces. At the end of 2006, its strength stood at more than 1,050 people.

Ossun, a neighbouring commune of the agglomeration, is also home to TARMAC, a company dedicated to the dismantling of aircraft for which it was necessary to construct an imposing building. The platform is, again, installed on the Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées airport area, and revolves around the three activities of storage, maintenance and deconstruction. Boostec, based in Bazet, collaborated with EADS-Astrium to build the Herschel space telescope, launched on 14 May 2009.

Zones of activity
In addition to the Aerospace Valley involving DeciElec, Socata/Daher, Pearl and Tarmac, Tarbes is developing several business parks.

The Park of the Pyrenees, located in Ibos, is equipped to host craft, industrial activities, services and offices.
The Bastillac University Park is dedicated to technological research. The Park of the Adour, in Semeac, is for industrial, commercial and the tertiary sector.
Cognac Park, on the road to Pau, is devoted to the craft and the tertiary sector.
The Ecoparck of Bordères-sur-Echez is the subject of projects regarding energy production (biogas plant project, produced from biomass), the cold-intensive businesses (Pyrenean curing and the planned cooling platform of Dominque Sallaberry Logistics).

University centre
Tarbes also houses the second University centre of the Midi-Pyrénées with a University Institute of technology (IUT) and National School of Engineers of Tarbes (ENIT) having more than 5,000 students.

Tourism
The Tarbes–Lourdes–Pyrénées Airport is still the second of the Midi-Pyrénées. Also in the town centre, the Rex Hotel, a designer hotel addressing a rather affluent clientele, and the arrival of brands such as H&M and new places of leisure (, etc.) seem to attest to the attractiveness of the town.

Agriculture
Often presented as a "market town", Tarbes is home to important halls and market squares, allowing opportunities for local agriculture. Symbol of the local food industry, a Cooperative of tarbais beans including emerged at the heart of the Bastillac zone.

Transport

Air
The small Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées Airport is situated  from the town centre. This airport is served by HOP! which provides three daily and two weekend air services to Paris-Orly. Jetairfly, which ensures a connection of two flights a week during the summer. Ryanair serves London Stansted, Dublin, Lisbon and Milan Bergamo, with two and three flights a week, respectively. Meridiana connects to Rome and finally Air Nostrum (Iberia Regional) offers two flights per week to Madrid Barajas. The airport also offers seasonal charter flights to and from the largest European cities.

Rail
The Gare de Tarbes railway station offers direct connections with Paris, Bordeaux, Toulouse, Bayonne and several regional destinations.

Road
Tarbes is also served by the A64 allowing in the direction of Toulouse, to drive freely to Lannemezan or Capvern, and towards Bayonne and joining Pau, which is also accessible from the .

Public transport
The communes of  are served by a bus network called Alezan. An electric shuttle for the town centre. Finally, it is possible to rent cycles in the Place du Foirail, under the Vél'en Ville system.

Politics and administration

Tarbes is the capital of the Hautes-Pyrénées department and concentrates various utilities including the court of grand instance, a branch of the Bank of France, the Chamber of Commerce and local industry, the Chamber of skilled crafts, crafts and Services.

In 2011, the municipality of Tarbes was rewarded with the label " @@@@".

Political trends and results

The municipal history of Tarbes under the Fifth Republic was marked by several waves.

In the elections of 1959, the outgoing Socialist mayor, Marcel Billières, was a victim of the resilience of the Communist Party but especially also the shift to the right, which managed to seize the city hall with the election of Paul Boyrie. He was comfortably re-elected in 1965 (58.4%) and 1971 (55.2%). However, his sudden death a few weeks before the 1977 elections caused confusion in the ranks of the outgoing majority.

In this election, the Communist  prevailed in the first round (50.6%), at the head of a list of union of the left. He was reelected in 1983 with 54.8% against Jean Journé (UDF-RPR), but took ill with a heart attack during the count. Raymond Erracarret (FCP) was elected mayor by the municipal council. The new councillor regained his chair in 1989 with 54.1% against Jean Journé (UDF-RPR), then with a reduced majority (51.3%) in 1995, against Gérard Trémège (UDF-RPR).

2001 then marked a brand new change: Gérard Trémège, after a merger of the lists of DL-UDF and RPR, became mayor with 50.1% of the vote (26 votes in advance). He was re-elected on 17 March 2008 under the UMP-Radical Party label "Valoisien" this time with 54.3% (1,705 votes ahead of Jean Glavany) and again on 23 March 2014, this time in the first round with 52.95% of the votes.

List of mayors

Cantons
Since the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the city of Tarbes is subdivided into 3 cantons:

Intercommunality

Since January 2017 Tarbes is part of the Communauté d'agglomération Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées. This was created by the merger of the Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Tarbes with 6 neighbouring Communautés de communes. Grand Tarbes had been created in December 1995 from the former Communauté de communes de l'agglomération tarbaise. The Communauté d'agglomération has competences related to transportation, travellers, culture, sports, environment, the university and the city's policy. It now includes 86 municipalities and has some 123,000 inhabitants (2014 legal population, INSEE).

Schools
Public kindergartens

Private kindergartens

Public primary schools

Private primary schools

Public colleges

Private colleges

Public secondary schools

Private secondary schools

Higher academic institutions
École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tarbes
National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse
Paul Sabatier University
University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour
Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres (part of University of Toulouse II – Le Mirail)
École supérieure d'art des Pyrénées – Pau Tarbes

Health
The city has also a medical centre spread over three sites that make up the Intercommunal Hospital Centre of Tarbes – Vic-en-Bigorre (CHIC-TV). On 6 June 2003, the institution changed its name and became the Hospital Centre of Bigorre (CHB): A short stay site ("La Gespe" in Tarbes) and two geriatric sites ("L'Ayguerote" in Tarbes and Vic en Bigorre); in 2016 the new hospital of Tarbes and Lourdes will be in Lanne, opposite the airport. The Ormeau Polyclinic in collaboration with the Pyrenees-Bigorre Clinic is the second centre of health in Tarbes. Every year in October, are organised the Pyrenean Days of Gynecology, of worldwide recognition.

Demography

The population of the commune of Tarbes as of 1 January 2017 is 41,518 inhabitants, thus placing the commune as 12th of the Occitanie region. In 2017, the Communauté d'agglomération de Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées (86 communes, 123,588 inhabitants) was created which, regionally, ranks 8th in population. The urban unit (unité urbaine) has 78,594 inhabitants. It includes the more urbanised communes and those nearest to Tarbes, notably the communes of Aureilhan (7,745 inhabitants), Bordères-sur-l'Échez (5,227 inhabitants), Séméac (4,926 inhabitants) and Barbazan-Debat (3,463 inhabitants). The urban area (aire d'attraction d'une ville) has 135,654 inhabitants (2018), and is the ninth of Occitanie behind Toulouse, Montpellier, Perpignan, Nîmes, Béziers, Narbonne, Montauban and Albi.

The following table shows the 15 communes of the urban unit of Tarbes, all of which are also members of the Communauté d'agglomération de Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées.

Outstanding public buildings and places

Public buildings
The city hall and the courthouse, classical buildings of the 19th century, adjoin the Rue Maréchal-Foch. Built in 1907, it is denoted by its candid monumentality. It is surmounted by a bell tower and faces the Place Jean-Jaurès enthroned with a statue of Danton. On the façade, one can read the motto "Concord, liberty, equality, fraternity, labour." The Hôtel Brauhauban, an 18th-century mansion, is one of its annexes.

Not far away, the Police headquarters occupies two mansions built on the north walls filled in the 18th century to give birth to the current Rue Georges-Clemenceau. The Academy of Inspection of Hautes-Pyrénées occupies a former school, built at the end of the 19th century.

In the La Sède quarter, the  was housed in the old Episcopal Palace, rebuilt in the 17th century. Not far away, lies the old college of Tarbes which became the Lycée Impérial in 1853 and was renamed Lycée Théophile Gautier in 1911. The Council General of Hautes-Pyrénées also has several buildings including the former seminary of priests of the 18th century. The departmental archives are housed in a remarkable building from 1936.

Three places are devoted to the markets: The market hall and the Place Marcadieu, Brauhauban market hall and the Place du Foirail. Near the Brauhauban market hall is an Italian theatre, known as the Théâtre des Nouveautés, which was built in 1885.

Fountains and squares

The city has many fountains. The Place Marcadieu and Place Verdun reproduce the same pattern: They each have two fountains spread at either ends and not in the middle.

Félicité Duvignau initiated this peculiarity, in Place Marcadieu, by bequest wishing for the building of fountains at each end of this vast esplanade. This relates to an eponymous Baltard-type market hall building in 1883. Inaugurated in 1897, the monumental fountain of the Quatre-Vallées, combining cast iron and sculpture, figures the valleys of Bagnères, Aure, Argelès and the plain of Tarbes. At the other end of the square, the more modest "Source de l'amour" [Source of love], presents an echo of the style.

The Montaut fountain is set at the centre of this public space and was moved close to the square of the same name. Named after its donor, it is carved in stone by Nelli of the Pyrenees and was first erected in 1874.

In 2008, the ensemble was further complemented by the construction of a nearby square planted with palm trees, in the north of its namesake Sainte-Thérèse Church.

The Place de Verdun has fountains of a much more contemporary appearance. To the south, the Grande Fontaine [Great Fountain] forms a playful bell of water. It is assisted in the north by the Droits de l'Enfant [Rights of the Child] fountain, where a water jet raises a ball which can be rotated by only the force of the wrist.

The Alhambra fountain, a replica of the mythical Alhambra fountain in Granada, Spain. The fountain is located at 43 Rue Maréchal-Foch in an open-air shopping area. Around the fountain is a landscaping of greenery.

The Fontaine de l'Inondation [Fountain of the Flood] which was installed in the Place de Verdun in 1901 was relocated, in 1934, to the Place de la Courteboule in the Soult quarter. It features a family and its goat fleeing the waters contained therein. This is an allusion to the flood of 1875.

Other fountains can also be mentioned such as the one of the Cours Reffye, the one in Place Saint-Jean and that of La Gespe in the Place André-Guerlain.

Military heritage

The  is composed of an  park with Empire-syle buildings including the Maison du Cheval. It was created by Napoleon in 1806 and is the birthplace of a refined breed of horses, the Anglo-Arabian, which are provided to the regiments of hussars. The buildings were built with mostly local materials: Grey marmorifere stone, pebbles of the Adour, bricks and slates. It has a riding school and stables including boxes and with a set of remarkable chestnut panelled ceilings.

During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye establishes, in the old store of tobacco in Tarbes, an artillery workshop commonly referred to as "Arsenal". It was used for military armament production until 2006. The site is today turning towards the tertiary sector. The old tobacco store houses the Municipal Archives and the Massey Museum reserves. In front stands the House of associations and its bell tower.

The development of the Larrey, Soult and Reffye quarters saw the assertion of the military role of Tarbes in the 19th and 20th centuries. Several barracks were built. With regard to the Larrey barracks (1825), the majesty of the central building,  long and flanked by two side buildings, is reinforced by the existence of an accessible courtyard from a portal framed by two pavilions of neoclassical inspiration. The ensemble is located in the axis of the Leclerc martial walkways which concentrate memorials including the monumental equestrian statue of Marshal Foch erected in 1935.  is represented riding Marboré, a horse owned by the Fould family.

The Reffye high school is an old military barracks surrendered by the army after World War II.

Industrial remains
The former site of the Arsenal has been renovated to accommodate shops, places of leisure (cinema, a second bowling facility, laser quest, restaurants, etc.), municipal or community buildings (archives, maison des associations, business, etc.) and companies. The industrial architecture of the place is preserved. Its genesis took place in 1871 with Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye as the main protagonist. Its industrial deterioration occurred following the 2003 announcement of the closure of the GIAT site, heir to the arsenal of 1871.

This area is adjacent, in Aureilhan, to the Oustau ceramic factory which was founded in 1873 by . The factory buildings, abundantly decorated with glazed bricks, were protected as an Historic Monument in 1994.

Religious buildings

Cathedral, churches and mosque

Alongside the former Episcopal Palace which became the prefecture, the Notre-Dame-de-la-Sede Cathedral has a classical façade dating from the 17th century. In contrast, the apse chapel is topped by a lantern tower which was enlarged in the Gothic period and the transept dating from the 12th century are primarily marked by the Romanesque origins of the building. The high altar has a Baroque marble canopy, the implementation of which has been attributed to . One can still see the ceiling painted by  and the  carved in the oratory. Saint Vincent de Paul was ordained deacon, here, in 1598.

A little further from the city centre, in the direction of Pau or Ibos, is located the Sainte-Anne Church.

The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Church, commonly known as St. John's Church, is located in the heart of the commercial centre, straddling the pedestrianised Rue Brauhauban, and the Rue Maréchal-Foch. Repeatedly devastated during the Wars of Religion, its structure, dating from the 15th century, remains marked by the Gothique méridional trend. In the Middle Ages, the building played a major role in the city and the States of Bigorre met there. The church houses a remarkable organ and many Baroque chapels. The high altar is a work of Jean Brunello. The Neo-Romanesque bell tower dates from the 17th century.

Of Languedoc Gothic style, the Sainte-Thérèse Church is opposite the market halls and the Place Marcadieu. Its history began with the establishment of the Carmelites in the 13th century. The bell tower, which is one of the oldest items, dates from the 15th century and is a remnant of the ancient abbey. The church was, however, largely renovated in the 19th century by the architect of the city, Claude Tiffon. It houses an organ, Baroque statues and several paintings of Raymond-Marc Lagarrigue.

The Church of Saint-Antoine was constructed, near the site of the Arsenal, in 1896. It is thus to link to the past workers of this parish who were Conventual Franciscans.

The Church of Saint-Martin, the Sainte-Bernadette Church and the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Church, which is pyramid-shaped, are of contemporary architecture.

Founded in 1986, the Serbian Orthodox Church of Notre-Dame Source de Vie [Our Lady Source of Life] is decorated with murals.

In 2005, the first stone of the Omar Ibn al-Khattab Mosque was laid.

Chapels

The current Théophile Gautier high school, once led by the Doctrinaires (brothers of Christian Doctrine), houses a chapel which has an altar which is classified as an historical monument. It was directed by the Bigorre sculptor  during the Baroque period.

The Jeanne d'Arc institution includes a chapel with decor of Art Deco inspiration.

The Ayguerote hospital, which became retirement home, includes a Baroque chapel.

The Carmelite chapel was founded in 1870. Now owned by the town of Tarbes, the chapel became a place of exhibitions. The cloister is not accessible to the public.

The Henri Duparc Conservatory has gradually invested in its adjoining chapel.

Old mansions
The Hôtel de Bricquet (17th century).

In the La Sède quarter the prefecture and the cathedral are visible, the family home of Marshal Foch dating from the 17th century was converted into a museum. It is typically of Bigorre and remains recognisable by its yellow façade. It is possible to visit the room where he was born, and the office of the Marshal, and to observe objects which are related to him.

Other fine examples of Bigorre houses are visible on the Rue de la Victoire, Rue Clémenceau and also Rue Regiment-de-Bigorre. They are recognisable by their carved wooden doors, their coloured plaster frames which enhance grey marmorifere stone, with their wooden roofed balconies and their slate roofs pierced by skylights.

Opposite the Saint-Jean Church, the birthplace of Bertrand Barère is visible.

At the mercy of the movements of his father, Théophile Gautier was also born in Rue Brauhauban. The house is still visible today. The family, however, lived there for only three years. The Rue Brauhauban is also home to the birthplace of another poet of the 19th century, Laurent Tailhade.

English Imperial style or even  villas dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, adorn the Massey Garden, the Bel Air Park, the Paul Chastellain Park and their respective quarters. The Villa Massey, in the heart of its namesake garden, is Neo-Moorish (19th century). Villa Fould, formerly the residence of Baron Achille Fould, Minister of State of Napoleon III, has been restored. It now houses the headquarters of the Pyrénées National Park. A little further away is Villa Bel Air from the beginning of the 20th century.

Art Nouveau buildings line the Rue Maréchal-Foch and Rue Bertrand Barrère.

Green spaces

Tarbes obtained its fourth flower in 2002 under the Competition of floral cities and villages and seeks to maintain this distinction. Tarbes has also received the Grand Prix national of flowering.

The Massey Garden houses a museum, the cloister of the , the , an orangerie, a wildlife park, a bandstand. Depending on the season, it is possible to visit by horse-drawn carriage and small train. It is thus a privileged relaxation area near to the Carmel exhibition hall, the Louis Aragon media library and the Berrens Park tennis courts.

At the centre of the Bel Air Park, sits the old Château Delong better known today as the Villa Bel Air which has become a children's recreation centre. The Sellerie Park, with a more urban aspect, is backed by a separate road.

The Chastellain Park is the haven of greenery of the Villa Fould which contains the administrative headquarters of the Pyrenees National Park.

The Échez Park, a recent green space, is attempting to unite the university quarters of Bastillac and Solazur.

Within the Laubadère quarter, Bois Blancs [White Woods] Park is, similarly, a contemporary creation. It includes five islets symbolizing the five continents plus a central island used to host events. Spaces dedicated to games and sport adorn the area devoted to Europe.

Along the leafy Leclerc paths are gathered various monuments commemorating the two world wars, and which has the equestrian statue of Marshal Foch.

The path of the banks of the Adour, also called Camin Adour, is equipped with a fitness trail and is a landscaped walking space.

Culture

Museums and exhibition spaces
The  is best known for hosting the International Museum of the Hussars. However, it also presents a rich collection of fine arts. The building, located within the Massey Garden, is of Moorish style.

The exhibition room of Carmel is housed in a former Carmelite convent dating from 1870.

The Museum of Deportation and Resistance, inaugurated in 1989, was the brainchild of the associations of former deportees and former resistance fighters.

The museum space of the House of the Pyrénées National Park evokes the local flora and fauna.

The French national stud displays old saddles, carriages, a farrier's workshop, etc.

In the birthplace of Marshal Foch, his room has been reconstituted, along with its alcove and his office. It preserves the memories of his personal and military objects, etc.

Musical culture
The city of Tarbes is to the delight of audiophiles, with the last independent record store of the south-west, which moved premises from Pau. Located in the city centre, at 43 Rue Maréchal-Foch, it is reserved for vinyl collectors with numerous musical genres. This place attracts French and foreign travellers as they pass through the Bigorre city.

Theatres
In addition to the exhibition halls, the various stages and theatres of the city, including that of La Gespe devoted to contemporary music. La Pari, the performing arts stage, is still a place for contemporary creativity. The main theatre remains that of the Nouveautés but Le Parvis, a multidisciplinary cultural institution combining music, dance and cinema on the outskirts in the heart of the Le Meridien commercial centre, sees many pieces played within.

A cinema with eleven rooms "all-digital and 3D" opened its doors in 2010 in a former GIAT industrial building, renovated for the occasion.

Events
Throughout the year, Tarbes offers all kinds of activities, here is a comprehensive list:

Local media

Newspapers
The group of La Dépêche du Midi has a local daily edition as well as a comparable second edition branded as the La Nouvelle République des Pyrénées (the latter does not appear on Sunday unlike the first which is published every day).

The  Group publishes the weekly La semaine des Pyrénées.

A version of the weekly Le Petit Journal is also available in the department.

Radio
FM channels include several local radio stations with their premises in the urban area: Pic FM, , Atomic, etc.

Other radio stations in the region broadcast local information bulletins such as 100% Radio.

Some national radio stations still have studios in the city such as Fun Radio and NRJ.

Internet
Several web portals of local influence are based in Tarbes, such as Bigorre.org.

There are still several information websites (webzines), sometimes having their own web TV broadcasts such as Tarbesinfo.fr.

Gastronomy
The Tarbais beans
Madiran wine
The black pork of Bigorre
Gâteau à la broche
Barèges mutton

Military life

Military units currently stationed in Tarbes:
1st Parachute Hussar Regiment, since 1953.
35th Parachute Artillery Regiment, since 1947.

Military units which have been stationed in Tarbes:
, 1871–1907
14th Field Artillery Regiment, before 1906–1914
, 1906
24th Divisional Artillery Regiment, 1939–1940
5th Hussar Regiment, 1838–1839
9th Hussar Regiment, 1851–1856
1st Parachute Hussar Regiment, 1858
, 1859–1861
, 1901–1919
2nd Hussar Regiment, 1919–1940
2nd Hussar Regiment, 1940–1942
2nd Hussar Regiment, 1944–1945
3rd Company of Mounted Cavalry, before 1906–1914
541st Veterinary Group

Sport

Clubs
Women's basketball: Tarbes Gespe Bigorre, the main sporting team of the town, which participates in the LFB () elite and European competitions since 1993 (FIBA EuroLeague Women, FIBA EuroCup Women, and winner of the Ronchetti Cup in 1996)
Rugby union: Tarbes Pyrenees in Pro D2.
Football: Tarbes Pyrénées Football, playing in the CFA (4th division)
Fencing: , 11-time champions France with the sabre team (last in 2008).
Canoe-Kayak:

Facilities

Maurice Trélut Stadium

Events

During the 20th century, Tarbes was on the route of the Tour de France in 1933, 1934, 1951, 1975, 1978, 1987, 1993 and 1995.
Stage 14 of the 2001 Tour de France departed from Tarbes.
Stage 11 of the 2006 Tour de France departed from Tarbes.
Stage 9 of the 2009 Tour de France finished in Tarbes. The stage winner was Pierrick Fédrigo, with Rinaldo Nocentini being the holder of the yellow jersey after the stage finish.
The 2015 Tour de France is scheduled to have Tarbes as the departure point for Stage 10, heading to the Col de la Pierre St Martin, on 14 July.
The Tarbes-based Petits As Tournament is a major international tennis competition for 12- to 14-year-old juniors.

Notable people

Political figures
Bertrand Barère (1755–1841), revolutionary, Deputy of the Third Estate in 1789.
Antoine de Castelnau (died 1539), Bishop of Tarbes and a French diplomat
Gabriel Deville (1854–1940), socialist theoretician, politician and diplomat.
Jean Glavany (born 1949), Minister of Agriculture, 1998/2000 & President of Grand Tarbes, 2001/2008
François de Mazières (born 1960) politician, Mayor of Versailles since 2008.
Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon (1697-1777), prelate, cardinal and Grand Almoner.
 (1839-1890), former prefect and member of the Hautes-Pyrénées.
 (1881-1944), Mayor of Tarbes 1935/1944, prisoner of war
 (born 1944), Mayor of Tarbes since 2001, member of the Radical Party

Sportspeople

Frank Adisson (born 1969), slalom canoeist, gold medallist at the 1996 Summer Olympics
William Ayache (born 1960) footballer with 237 club caps and 20 for France
Olivier Azam (born 1974), former Rugby Union player with 10 caps for France
 (born 1952), former footballer with 222 club caps.
Edmond Baraffe (1942–2020), former footballer with over 150 club caps and 3 for France
Lionel Beauxis (born 1985), rugby player with 23 caps for France
Xavier Bécas (born 1979), football player with over 200 club caps
Philippe Bérot (born 1965), former Rugby player with 19 caps for France, now coaches Italy national rugby union team.
Christian Carrère (born 1943), former rugby union player with 28 caps for France .
Mathieu Crépel (born 1984), French snowboarder
Philippe Delrieu (born 1959) a former fencer, silver medallist at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Philippe Dintrans (born 1957), Rugby hooker, captain of France with 51 caps.
Céline Dumerc (born 1982), basketball player, captain of the team France
Sandra Forgues (born 1969), double Slalom canoe Olympic Champion in Atlanta in 1996,  and bronze four years earlier in the Barcelona Olympics; a trans woman
Aubin Hueber (born 1967), former Rugby player with 21 caps for France
Julien Laharrague (born 1978) Rugby Union player with 12 caps for France
Nicolas Laharrague (born 1981) a rugby union footballer with 2 caps for France
Bernard Lapasset (born 1947) rugby administrator, Chairman of the World Rugby 2008/2016.
Wenceslas Lauret (born 1987), rugby player with 27 caps for France
Nicolas Lopez (born 1980), sabre fencer, gold medallist at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Georges Roes (1889–1945), sport shooter, silver medals at 1920 & 1924 Summer Olympics
Jean-Luc Sassus (1962–2015), footballer with 493 club caps and 1 for France.
Gabriel Sempé (1901–1990), hurdler at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics, scholar and collector of fine art
Adrien Théaux (born 1984), alpine skier, competed at 3 x Winter Olympics
Gaël Touya (born 1973) & Damien Touya (born 1975) & Anne-Lise Touya (born 1981) a family of French fencers; won several medals in sabre teams at several Summer Olympics.

Writers

Maurice Audebert (1923-2012), philosopher, novelist and dramatist
Charles Dantzig (born 1961), writer and editor, won the Prix Jean Freustié and Prix Roger Nimier in 2003
 (1907–1986), writer
Théophile Gautier (1811–1872), poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist and art and literary critic.
 (born 1955), writer
Jules Laforgue (1860–1887), Franco-Uruguayan Symbolist poet, enrolled in Tarbes in 1887.
Comte de Lautréamont (1846–1870), poet, enrolled at Lycée Théophile Gautier in 1859
Christine de Rivoyre (1921–2019), a journalist and writer.
Laurent Tailhade (1854–1919), satirical poet, anarchist and polemicist,

Military
Joseph Hyacinthe Louis Jules d'Ariès (1813–1878), naval officer & Governor of Cochinchina
Pierre Emmanuel Félix Chazal (1808–1882), Belgian general (naturalised in 1844)
 (1747-??), general of division of Napoleon I, from a noble family
Ferdinand Foch (1851–1929) Marshal of France (1918), commander-in-chief of Allied forces in WWI
Jean Pinet (born 1929), aviator and aeronautical engineer; first to fly Concorde supersonic

Musicians, singers & actors
 (1927–2012), French humourist, born in Sarrouilles but frequented Tarbes.
Boulevard des airs (formed in 2004), French pop/rock group formed in the Lycée Marie Curie
Auguste-Maurice Cocagnac (1924–2006), Dominican friar, painter, cartoonist and songwriter
 (born 1977), comedian
François Deguelt (1932–2014), singer songwriter
Marianne Dissard (born 1969), singer, lyricist, author and filmmaker
David Fray (born 1981), classical virtuoso pianist.
Henri Génès (1919–2005), a singer and actor
Agnès Gayraud (born 1979), philosopher, journalist, singer-songwriter, stage name La Féline
Yvette Horner (1922–2018), accordionist, pianist and composer
 (born 1958), concert pianist and international teacher
 Christophe Lacassagne (born 1964), contemporary baritone.
Víctor Mirecki Larramat (1847–1921), cellist and music teacher
Fano Messan (1902–1998), actress, sculptor, painter; known for her androgyny
Cécile Ousset (born 1936), a French pianist.
 (formed 1998) trio of festive musicians
Gilles Servat (born 1945), singer and musician
Édouard Souberbielle (1899–1986), organist, Kapellmeister and music educator.

Painters and sculptors

 (1888-1958), painter
 (1846-1915), artist and painter
 (born 1945), artist
 (1875-1951), sculptor
 (1883-1959), artist and painter

Business
 (1909–2005), military and business leader, originator of the Kennedy Centre
Pierre Koffmann (born 1948), chef
 (1777–1853), pharmacist and botanist, benefactor of Tarbes

Tarbes in the arts, literature and media
Jean Paulhan, Les Fleurs de Tarbes ou La Terreur dans les Lettres [The Flowers of Tarbes or Terror in the Letters] (1936, 1941)
Maurice Utrillo, Tarbes or Winter street scene in Tarbes (1935)
Unlike the historical D'Artagnan, from Gers, the character of D'Artagnan in The Three Musketeers, by Alexandre Dumas, comes from Tarbes.
The city of Tarbes is mentioned in the manga The Familiar of Zero, Chapter 28, page 8. It is the city where the hero goes to find a former war machine.
La Féline's 2022 album, Tarbes. La Féline's singer and songwriter, Agnes Gyraud, is a native of Tarbes.

International relations

Tarbes is twinned with:
  Huesca, Spain, from 7 May 1964
  Altenkirchen, Germany, from 24 June 1972

See also
Bigorre
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

DAHER-SOCATA
Haras Nationaux
1st Parachute Hussar Regiment
Communauté d'agglomération Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées

References

External links

 Tourism office website (in French)

Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées
Prefectures in France

Tarbes


الشرائح (في مجالات توظيف مهارات تصميم واجهة): عملية تقسيم تخطيط واجهة المستخدم ذات البعد الثنائي ذو الفنون البصرية إلى ملفات صور متعددة (ذات أصول رقمية) لواجهة مستخدم رسومية لاستخدامها في الصفحات الإلكترونية. فإنها عادة جزء من عملية تطوير جانب العميل لإنشاء صفحة ويب و/ أو موقع ويب، وتستخدم أيضاً في عملية تصميم واجهة المستخدم لتطوير برمجيات وتطوير ألعاب الفيديو.

وهذه العملية تتضمن تجزئة الفن البصري إما إلى صيغة لملف صورة ذو طبقة واحدة أو طبقات متعددة لصيغة الملف الأصلي لبرمجيات الفن الغرافيكي لتستخدم في التقسيم. حالما تقسم يمكن أن يحفظها الفرد كملفات صور منفصلة، عادة كصيغ جي آي إف، جيه بيه إيه جي، بي إن جي، وتكون الأشكال إما ذات المعالجة بالدفعات أو تكون معالجة في وقت واحد. ملفات الصور ذات الطبقات المتعددة يمكن أن تتضمن على إصدارات متعددة أو أشكال لنفس الصورة، وغالباً ما تستخدم للرسوم المتحركة أو الأدوات.

الاستخدام العملي
تستخدم الشرائح أو التقسيم في كثير من الحالات وذلك حين يكون تصميم الجرافيك يجب تطبيقه كمحتوى تفاعلي. ومن ثم فإن هذه مهارة هامة جداً وتمتلكها مجموعة «الواجهة الأمامية» للمطورين المتخصصين في تطوير واجهة المستخدم.

ويمكن أن تنتج الشرائح وتستخدم بطرق مختلفة ومتنوعة. قبل تصميم صفحات الإنترنت بدون استخدام جداول HTML فإن صور الشرائح كانت ترفق مع جداول الHTML على وجه التحديد.تتضمن صفحات الويب الحديثة استخدام واسع صفحات الطرز المتراصة (CSS) والدلالات الترميزية. ويمكن أن تستخدم الجداول من أجل التوافق مع ندرة متصفحات الويب القديمة العاجزة عن معالجة الترميز تصميم صفحات الإنترنت بدون استخدام جداول HTML الحديثة بدقة.

الشرائح تستخدم الصور النقطية.أما بالنسبة للرسوميات المتجهية عادة ما تُعالج بواسطة تطبيقات مشغل وسائط مساعدة والواردة في تنسيقات الملفات المتعددة الأصلية مثل X3D، إس دبليو إف، رسوميات متجهية متغيرة أو ملفات نسق المستندات المنقولة.

الفوائد
إن التقسيم هو جعل صورة واحدة كبيرة في شرائح من صور الأصغر حجما وعديدة، مما يقلل من «ثقل الصفحة» أو من وقت تحميل. ومن الطرق المتقدمة من التقسيم ويمكن أن تستخدم لزيادة ضغط البيانات المطلوبة لتحميل وعرض صفحة الويب على جهاز الكمبيوتر الخاص بالمستخدم بشكل صحيح. وهذه التقنيات مثل تكرار الصور الخلفية يعني أن صورة صغيرة واحدة يمكن تحميلها مرة واحدة فقط من خادم الويب ومن ثم يكون تعليمات (عن طريق CSS) لتكرارها بواسطة اللغة الترميزية، وتحويل العمل من خادم الويب على الكمبيوتر العميل. وأداء بعض المسائل يمكن أن يرتفع، ولكن مع تكنولوجيا اليوم ومع تحول الاتجاهات في تصميم مواقع الإنترنت إلى مواقع وسائل الإعلام الغنية التي عادة ما تتطلب اتصال النطاق الترددي عالية وأحدث أجهزة الحوسبة.

الأدوات
بعض البرامج الصناعية تقدم إمكانية التقسيم الأوتوماتيكي مباشرة إلى جداول باستخدام وظائف مبينية. هذه هي مبينة أدناه :

 أدوبي إيمج ريدي (لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة بعد CS2، وظيفة من ImageReady استدار إلى CS3)
 أدوبي فوتوشوب
 أدوبي فايروركس (متوفر في CS3)
 برنامج جنو لمعالجة الصور
 كوريل بينت شوب برو

البدائل
هناك طريقة بديلة والتي استبدلت تقسيم الصور وهي تجزئة الصور إلى جينات.

انظر أيضاً

 تطوير ويب
 تطوير برمجيات
 تحرير الصور
 فنون مرئية

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 alistapart.com article on CSS Sprites compared to slices
 Things To Remember, While Coding A Website, To Make It Search Engine Friendly

تصميم الرسوميات
تصميم الويب
تصميم مواقع إلكترونية
واجهات مستخدم

الشرائح (تصميم الموقع)