Dukinfield is a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, on the south bank of the River Tame opposite Ashton-under-Lyne,  east of Manchester. At the 2011 Census, it had a population of 19,306.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Cheshire, the town developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution when it became the site of coal mining and cotton manufacturing.

History

Early history
The earliest evidence of human activity around Dukinfield comes from a collection of four flints from the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. The artifacts were discovered on the site of Dukinfield Hall and have been taken as evidence of a prehistoric settlement on the site. There is no further evidence of activity in the area until the Roman period. A 3rd century bronze Roman coin, from the reign of Emperor Tetricus I was discovered in the town.

Dukinfield means "Raven of the Field" and derives from the Old English duce and feld.

Early records show the township was included in the fee of Dunham Massey. It was held by Matthew de Bramhall in about 1190
and after that by a family who took the name "De Dokenfeld". The family lived at the moated Dukinfield Old Hall, which originated from after the Norman conquest and was rebuilt in Tudor times, remaining the home of the Dukinfields till the 18th century, after which it became derelict. During the English Civil War, Colonel Robert Duckenfield of Dukinfield Hall was a noted commander in the New Model Army. The baronetcy, Dukinfield of Dukinfield, Cheshire was created in 1665 for Robert Dukinfield, son of Colonel Robert Dukinfield. The Dukinfields held the manor for five centuries until the widow of Sir William Dukinfield Daniel married the artist, John Astley, in 1767. In 1848 his descendant, colliery owner Francis Dukinfield Palmer Astley, was the lord of the manor. Dukinfield Lodge was built by the Astleys on a hill overlooking the River Tame.

Industrial Revolution
Industrialisation – particularly the cotton trade – helped shape the town, but its rapid development destroyed its former pasture and meadow land. Two cotton mills were built before 1794 and by 1825 there were seven. The industry continued to expand and by the end of the 19th century 14 spinning mills of varying sizes were in operation. The largest mills were built in brick during the 1890s with four or five storeys, large windows, ornamental towers, engine houses and tall brick built chimneys. They included Tower, Tame Valley, River, Park Road and Queen Mills. Most of the cotton mills have now been demolished, but some have been preserved and converted into flats.

Coal pits exploiting the underlying coal measures to the south of the Lancashire Coalfield were a major part of Dukinfield's industrial history, one pithead was located on Birch Lane, now the site of All Saints' Catholic College, with another near the northern border with Ashton-under-Lyne. Francis Dukinfield Astley developed two collieries in the town, Dukinfield and Astley Deep Pit, and both had explosions killing many workers. Dukinfield Colliery (also known as Lakes Pit or Victoria Colliery)
was owned by Astley's Dukinfield Colliery Company. The colliery had two shafts, the downcast was 1,020 feet deep to the
Black mine (coal seam) and was connected to the upcast ventilation shaft. On 4 June 1867, 38 men and boys died of suffocation following an explosion caused by a faulty safety lamp and poor management.

Astley Deep Pit, was off King's Street opposite Brownlea Avenue was developed by Astley but by 1874 was owned by Benjamin Ashton. The colliery's downcast shaft was 2,058 feet deep and its workings extended over a mile to the
south and about 1,300 yards to the north of the shaft. This colliery was reported to be at one time, the deepest coal mine in the world, at 2,100 feet (640 metres) and had three shafts. On 14 April 1874 an underground gas explosion killed 54 men. After the pit closed in 1901 the shafts were filled in and left to stand for many years before being built on. It is now the site of a development of houses comprising Angel Close, Oval Drive and Silver Close.

Samuel Robinson a Unitarian, industrialist and scholar founded the village library in 1833 and was dubbed the "foremost promoter of education in the district" before his death in 1884. Daniel Adamson a mechanical engineer became the first chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal Company. He owned an engineering works producing Lancashire boilers at Newton Wood beside the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway. He died on 13 January 1890. The Adamson Military Band, named after Adamson is based in Dukinfield. The MS&LR's successor, the Great Central Railway, moved its carriage and wagon works to Dukinfield in 1910.

Dukinfield and its surrounding towns were major centres of civil revolt during the 19th century and briefly the area was a hotbed of Chartism, the popular movement calling for universal suffrage via a "People's Charter". Chartist leader, Reverend Joseph Rayner Stephens is buried in St John's Churchyard.

Governance

In the Middle Ages, Dukinfield was part of the parish of Stockport in the Macclesfield Hundred. It became a civil parish in 1866 and in 1894 those parts not already included in the Municipal Borough of Stalybridge became an urban district in the administrative county of Cheshire. The town was granted municipal borough status in 1899 under the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act 1882, and was expanded in 1936, gaining part of the civil parish of Matley, which had been abolished.

In 1974, the Municipal Borough of Dukinfield was abolished, and its territory amalgamated into the newly created Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.

Dukinfield is currently represented by the occupants of 6 of the 57 seats on Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. These seats are spread over two wards: Dukinfield and Dukinfield Stalybridge. Dukinfield currently has five Labour councillors and one Conservative councillor.

Andrew Gwynne is Dukinfield's Member of Parliament. He was elected in 2005 to represent the Denton and Reddish constituency, of which the town of Dukinfield is a part. Between 1918 and 1997 Dukinfield was part of the Stalybridge and Hyde constituency.

Geography and geology

At  (53.477818° -2.092584°), and  north-northwest of London, Dukinfield's borders are defined to the north and west by the River Tame.

The town is situated at the edge of the Cheshire Plain where it meets the Pennines, and Dukinfield is the first town on the hill. The park is situated approximately a quarter of a mile from the town hall along King Street towards Hyde in the south. Because of the quite steep rise out of the plain, the park is terraced and is over 90 feet higher at the top. The hill flattens out slightly before rising steeply again towards the east, where the library is situated.
The town hall is also at the base of the same hill with Astley Street rising steeply along its shorter southern side before climbing some 120 feet to the crest of the ridge. The local soil is mainly clayey with some alluvial deposits.

The underlying geology is the middle coal measures, which run north–south under Tameside. Dukinfield is situated on the site of a vast ancient lake or swamp that covered the area. This ancient lake is the reason coal is found in the area. The layers of shale and coal are laid on top of each other in bands, only 20 or 30 feet thick. The coal deposits fall away at a 20-degree or so angle, and runs eight or nine miles from the base of the hill out under the plain. The coal deposits are known as the Dukinfield Marine Band and form a V shape running out from here towards Stockport in the south and Ashton Moss in the north-east. Dukinfield had several mines of which Astley Deep Pit had the best coal. There are many seams or mines of coal found here. Dukinfield coal was known to be the best for heating and steam generation. Only a mile to the south along Hyde Road is another large mine, the Dewsnap Colliery, which was of a lower quality and so was not in as much demand.
The Dukinfield Marine Band outcrops at Dukinfield, and continues up the hill towards the top of the ridge, some 140 feet above the level of the plain where it flattens out and a third mine was situated.

Demography

According to the Office for National Statistics, at the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Dukinfield had a population of 18,885. The 2001 population density was , with a 100 to 93.9 female-to-male ratio. Of those over 16 years old, 29.1% were single (never married), 42.1% married, and 9.4% divorced. Dukinfield's 8,072 households included 31.2% one-person, 36.8% married couples living together, 9.9% were co-habiting couples, and 10.5% single parents with their children. Of those aged 16–74, 35.1% had no academic qualifications.

At the 2001 UK census, 79.0% of Dukinfield's residents reported themselves as Christian, 0.9% Hindu, 0.8% Muslim, and 0.1% Buddhist. The census recorded 12.2% as having no religion, 0.1% had an alternative religion and 6.8% did not state their religion.

Population change

Dukinfield grew from a small village just south of Ashton-under-Lyne with open land to the south and east, the gap between it and the surrounding towns of Hyde and Matley being a semicircle around 1.5 miles wide, to fill the gap entirely by the late 1940s. In its early days from 1801, and previously, the population was small but boomed during the days of the cotton industry and later the coal industry with its major rail junction adding to its prosperity and growth.

The industries which sustained it died out by the turn of the 1900s, leaving only the Daniel Adamson Ltd works but it managed to maintain its population and has only declined by 2000 since 1921. One reason is that it has a central location on the main road from Stockport to Ashton-under-Lyne and is within easy commuting distance of Manchester.

Economy

According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of residents of Dukinfield aged 16–74 was 24.4% manufacturing, 19.3% retail and wholesale, 10.0% health and social work, 9.5% property and business services, 7.2% construction, 6.5% transport and communications, 5.7% education, 4.7% public administration, 4.4% finance, 3.4% hotels and restaurants, 1.0% energy and water supply, 0.3% agriculture, 0.1% mining, and 3.6% other. Compared with national figures, the town had a relatively high proportion of people working in manufacturing, and low levels of people working in agriculture, public administration, and education. The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74, 2.1% students were with jobs, 2.8% students without jobs, 4.9% looking after home or family, 7.9% permanently sick or disabled, and 2.7% economically inactive for other reasons.

Landmarks

Dukinfield Town Hall was built in the late 1890s and opened in 1901. It was built by raising funds from the inception of the Borough of Dukinfield. The park was also made and cost the same amount of money as the town hall. There is an 80 ft difference between the King Street lower side and the rear of the park, being the first hill off the Cheshire Plain, and on a clear day it is possible to stand at the top of the steps and see Manchester city centre.

Old Hall Chapel is an old historic church, claiming to be the first independent church in the 17th century. It was built during the late 15th century but is unfortunately partially derelict due to fire in the 1970s which destroyed much of the superstructure of the roof.

Transport
Public transport is co-ordinated by Transport for Greater Manchester.

Buses
Bus services in the area are provided by Stagecoach Manchester, First Group and a variety of smaller operators. The following routes serve Dukinfield:

 220: Manchester city centre - Stalybridge, via Openshaw and Audenshaw.
 221: Dukinfield - Manchester city centre, via Audenshaw and Openshaw.
 330: Ashton-under-Lyne - Stockport, via Hyde, operating generally every ten minutes.
 335: Ashton-under-Lyne - Denton.
 343: Hyde - Oldham, via Stalybridge, Carrbrook, Mossley and Lees.
 345: Ashton-under-Lyne - Denton, via Audenshaw.
 346: Ashton-under-Lyne - Gee Cross, via Newton and Hyde.
 389: Ashton-under-Lyne - Yew Tree, via Stalybridge.

Railway
Dukinfield Central railway station, which was closed in 1959, provided local and national rail services. The nearest railway stations are now Stalybridge, Hyde North and Ashton-under-Lyne.

Tram
The second-generation tramway Manchester Metrolink terminates currently at nearby Ashton-under-Lyne for connections via Droylsden to the city centre and beyond. A tram network operated by the SHMD Joint Board ran lines through Dukinfield from 1904 to 1945, until their replacement by buses.

Air
Manchester Airport is located around 8 miles from the town and can be easily accessed by road and public transport.

Waterways
Dukinfield Junction is a canal junction which is the meeting point of the Peak Forest, Ashton and Huddersfield Narrow Canals.

Education

There are numerous primary schools and nurseries in the town for 5- to 11-year-olds.

There are secondary schools but no dedicated facility in Dukinfield for further education, the nearest establishment being Tameside College in Ashton-under-Lyne or Hyde.

All Saints Catholic College provides education for 16- to 18-year-olds. Since 1998, the sixth form facility has been provided for in a purpose-built extension to the main school.

Religion

The Moravian Church began their work in Dukinfield in 1751. They built a Moravian Settlement off of Old Road, where Moravian Close now is situated. God's Acre (the Moravian Burial Ground) still exists in Moravian Close, but was closed to further burials in 1973, when the work of the Moravians moved to Yew Tree Lane, where the Moravian Church is now situated. The parish church dedicated to St. John the Evangelist is a Commissioners' church built between 1840 and 1841 and consecrated the following year. A second parish was formed in 1846 and its church dedicated to St Mark was begun in 1847.

A number of Protestant and Catholic churches are based in the municipality, with the nearest mosque being in Ashton-under-Lyne, a short distance to the north of the town.

Sport

Dukinfield Cricket Club, founded in 1870, is a member of the Lancashire County League. For several seasons, Paul Turner was the club's "professional" player, leaving at the end of the 2005 season.  In 2015, the club signed Marty Kain (New Zealand) and Chris Marrow (South Africa). Martin Vidler is the club's youth coach.

Dukinfield Rugby Union Football Club currently plays in the South Lancashire & Cheshire 2 League of the Northern Division. The club plays its home games at Blocksages Playing Fields and is one of the oldest rugby teams from the historic county of Cheshire, having been founded in 1880. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, Mike Ford was head coach gaining 2 league promotions in 3 seasons. He left Dukinfield RUFC for a brief spell at Oldham RUFC but then left to take over as Defensive coordinator of Ireland (January 2002 – September 2005). In September 2004, he started working as Defence and Skills coach at Saracens in the Guinness Premiership before taking over as head coach. He had a spell as the defence coach of the England national rugby union team and is now head coach at Aviva Premiership side Bath.

Dukinfield Town AFC, founded in 1948, plays in the Bridgewater Office Supplies Manchester League and has a ground at Blocksage's Playing Fields, Birch Lane, next to Dukinfield Rugby Club. Dukinfield Town were winners of the Manchester Senior Cup in 1971, the final was played at Maine Road. Manchester Senior Cup archive.

It is the home of Dukinfield Central Bowling Club who play in the Tameside Mens Crown Green Bowling League and have won the premier division title in 2011, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Public services
Dukinfield's town hall provides some limited civic facilities, including a police station and registry office, with the majority of local administration being based at Tameside Council headquarters, in Ashton-under-Lyne.

Dukinfield has a public library which is situated in Concord Way, as part of a small shopping precinct. Morrisons have a supermarket in the town. The old library was situated on Town Lane on land donated by the Astley family who donated money towards the building.
There is a park, around a quarter-mile from the town hall, providing gardens, a play area and leisure facilities.

A public swimming pool is now closed and has been turned into a fitness centre with an indoor running track. It is available as part of the borough facilities offered by Tameside Sport, as well as two full-size sports pitches, these are currently used by the town's rugby and football teams.
Rayner Stephens High School provides artificial multi-sports pitches, which can be reserved for use by the general public, outside school hours.

Notable people

Sportsmen
First-class cricketer Norman 'Buddy' Oldfield (1911-1996) was born in Dukinfield. He played first class cricket for Lancashire and Northamptonshire from 1935 to 1954, and for England in 1939.
Tony Brooks (1932-2022), 1950s Formula One driver with six Grand Prix victories.
Tony Durose was born in Dukinfield and played first-class cricket for Northamptonshire from 1964 to 1969.

Actors and actresses
Kathy Staff (1928–2008)
Shirley Stelfox (1941–2015)
John Normington (1937–2007)

Musicians
John Lever, drummer with the Chameleons, the Sun & the Moon, later Red Sided Garter Snakes.
Ronnie Hazlehurst, celebrated composer and arranger of TV and radio theme music.
Kevin Parrott, record producer, musician. Producer of "Matchstalk Men and Matchstalk Cats and Dogs" by Brian and Michael, and the "Brian" of the said act.

Politicians
Carole James, Canadian politician and former Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia

Scientists
 Peter Daszak, zoologist
 Dennis Walsh, astronomer

Business
 Roderick Jones (1877–1962), head of Reuters, was born at Dukinfield.

 Wayne Griffiths - President of SEAT

Twin towns and sister cities
Champagnole is the twin town of Dukinfield since 1958. It is situated in Jura, France.

See also

Listed buildings in Dukinfield

References

Notes

Bibliography

Towns in Greater Manchester
Unparished areas in Greater Manchester
Geography of Tameside

Dukinfield


Marcin Held (født 18. januar 1992 i Tychy i Polen), er en polsk MMA-udøver som fra 2016-2018 konkurrerede i organisationen Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Held har tidligere konkurreret i Bellator MMA.

Baggrund
Held begyndte at træne Brasiliansk Jiu-jitsu i en alder af 9 og fik sort bælte i en alder af 21, hvor han blev den yngste med sorte bælte i Polen. Held er kendt for at have vundet adskillige Brasiliansk Jiu-jitsu og wrestling-turneringer i sit hjemland. Selvom han kæmper i letvægt har han udtrykt interesse i at kæmpe i fjervægt hvis den rette kamp skulle være der.

Bellator MMA
Den 14. oktober, skrev Held kontrakt med Bellator MMA og konkurrerede i deres 4. sæsons letvægtsturnering . Han mødte bryderen Michael Chandler i kvartfinalerne på Bellator 36. Han tabte via via arm-triangle choke submission i 1. omgang.

Held mødte Phillipe Nover på Bellator 59. Han vandt kampen via split decision (29–28, 29–28, 29–28). Sherdog.com scorede kampen 29-28 ril Nover.

Held mødte Murad Machaev i den indledende runde i Bellator Season 7 Lightweight Tournament Quarterfinal den 19. oktober, 2012 til Bellator 77. Han vandt kampen via enstemmig afgørelse. Han mødte Rich Clementi i semifinalerne den 16. november, 2012 til Bellator 81 og vandt via submission i 1. omgang.

Held skulle have mødt Dave Jansen i Season Seven Tournament Final til Bellator 84 men Held kunne ikke få adgang til Horseshoe casino, i Hammond, Indiana i USA, hvor begivenheden fandt sted da han kun var 20 år gammel og derfor blev kampen skubbet til Bellator Fighting Championships: Season Eight.

Kampen mod Jansen fandt sted den 21. marts, 2013 på Bellator 93. Held tabte kampen via enstemmig afgørelse.

Held kom tilbage med KO-sejr i 1. omgang mod Ryan Healy på Bellator 101.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Den 30. august, 2016 skrev Held officielt kontrakt med UFC.

Held fik sin UFC-debut mod UFC-veteranen Diego Sanchez den 5. november, 2016 på The Ultimate Fighter Latin America 3 Finale. Selvom han havde succes med sin boksning og forsøgte sig med submissions, tabte Held kampen via enstemmig afgørelse.

Held mødte herefter Joe Lauzon den 15. januar, 2017 på UFC Fight Night: Rodríguez vs. Penn. Han tabte kampen via en kontroversiel split decision, hvor selv hans modstander Lauzon sagde at han følte at han selv tabte kampen. Likewise, 16 out of 17 media pundits scored the bout for Held; the lone holdout scored the fight a draw.

Held mødte herefter dansk-bosniske Damir Hadzovic den 28. maj, 2017 på UFC Fight Night: Gustafsson vs. Teixeira. Efter effektivt at have vundet de 2 første omgange, tabte han kampen via knockout i de første sekunder i 3. omgang, da Hadzovic ramte ham med et knæspark i hovedet, efter at at Held havde forsøgt sig med et takedown.

Held skulle have mødt Teemu Packalen den 21. oktober, 2017 på UFC Fight Night: Cowboy vs. Till. Teemu beskadede sit knæ og blev erstattet af Nasrat Haqparast. Held vandt kampen via enstemmig afgørelse og fik hermed sin første UFC-sejr.

Absolute Championship Berkut
Efter at være blevet løsladt af UFC, underskrev Held kontrakt med Absolute Championship Berkut og mødte Callan Potter i sin debut på ACB 88. Held vandt kampen via submission i 1. omgang.

Mesterskaber og hæder

MMA
 Mixed Martial Arts Challengers
 MMA Challengers 2 letvægt-turneringsvinder
 Bellator MMA
 Bellator sæson 10 letvægt-turneringsvinder
 Bellator sæson 7 letvægts-turneringsvinder

Submission wresting
 ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship
 2011 ADCC Submission Wrestling polsk-guldvinder
 2010 ADCC Submission Wrestling europæisk-sølvinder
 International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles
 2011 FILA Grappling European Championships Senior No-Gi guldvinder
 2010 FILA Grappling World Championships Senior Gi sølv-vinder
 Polaris
 2018 Polaris 6 - Defeated Chris Fishgold by Armbar

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
 International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation
 2010 IBJJF European Open Jiu-Jitsu Championships Purple Belt guldvinder
 Federation International of Jiu-Jitsu Association
 2012 FIJJA World Professional Jiu-Jitsu Cup Warsaw Trials Absolute Brown/sort bælte 2. plads
 2012 FIJJA World Professional Jiu-Jitsu Cup Warsaw Trials Brown/sort bælte 3. plads

Pankration
 International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation
 2010 FILA Pankration World Championships Senior sølvvinder

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Marcin Held – UFC.com
 Marcin Held – Sherdog.com

MMA-udøvere fra Polen

Marcin Held


1991 දෙසැම්බරයේදී දකුණු ආසියානු ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, කොළඹ නගරයේදී පැවැත්විණි. දකුණු ආසියාවට අයත් රටවල් 7 ක් මේ සඳහා සහභාගී විය.

ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල වෙනුවෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේදී රු.100 ක සහ රු.500 ක වටිනාකමකින් යුත් සමරු කාසි 2ක්ද එලි දැක්වුනි.

පදක්කම් සටහන
සත්කාරක රාජ්‍යය වගුවේ නිල් පැහැයෙන් දක්වා තිබෙයි.

පැවැත්වූ තරඟ ඉසවු

මේවාද බලන්න
ආසියානු වෙරළ ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල
දකුණු ආසියානු ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල
2006 දකුණු ආසියානු ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල

මූලාශ්‍ර

තරගාවලියන්
දකුණු ආසියානු ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල

1991 දකුණු ආසියානු ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල


An Aristida obscura in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johannes Jan Theodoor Henrard. An Aristida obscura in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aristida, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha New South Wales. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aristida

Aristida obscura


Sléttihnubbur (liomesus ovum) er kuðungur af Kóngaætt.

Hann hefur trausta skel, hvíta að Iit, með mjög þunnu, gulleitu
hýði.

Grunnvindingurinn er stór, ferfalt lengri en hyrnan. Hvirfillinn mjög snubbóttur. Vindingarnir 4 eða 5,
í minna lagi kúptir. Saumurinn nokkuð djúpur. Halinn er stuttur, og er bugur á milli
hans og útrönd munnans, líkt og er á beitukóngi. Yfirborð slétt, rákalaust (á íslenzkum
eintökum) eða með þéttstæðum, óglöggum
þvergárum.

Vaxtarbaugar smásæir.

Árið 1970 hafði sléttahnubbur fundizt um 20 sinnum 18 hér við land, öll í ýsumögum eða ýsugörnum,
og voru ýsurnar veiddar á 20—120 metra dýpi.

Sléttihnubbur


Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon (conocido en Japón, Australia y Europa como Luigi's Mansion 2) es un videojuego de acción y aventura de 2013 desarrollado por Next Level Games y publicado por Nintendo para Nintendo 3DS. Es la secuela del juego de Nintendo GameCube, Luigi's Mansion (2001), y el tercer juego de la franquicia de Mario en el que Luigi interpreta el papel principal en lugar del protagonista habitual, Mario. La historia sigue a Luigi mientras explora una serie de mansiones en el Valle Evershade, capturando fantasmas con una aspiradora especializada inventada por el profesor E. Gadd. Para restaurar la paz en el Valle Evershade, Luigi debe recolectar las piezas de Dark Moon y recuperar al principal antagonista, Rey Boo.

En Dark Moon, el jugador controla a Luigi, que captura fantasmas con una aspiradora llamada Poltergust 5000. En el modo para un jugador, el objetivo es rescatar a Mario del Rey Boo y recuperar los fragmentos destrozados de Dark Moon, un objeto mágico. que puede apaciguar a los fantasmas del Valle Evershade. La exploración se divide en cinco mansiones únicas, cada una de las cuales se divide en múltiples niveles basados en misiones que contienen obstáculos y acertijos. El Poltergust 5000 está equipado con funciones para capturar fantasmas y resolver acertijos. Dark Moon también ofrece un modo multijugador cooperativo que se puede jugar localmente o en línea a través de Nintendo Network.

Después de un intento fallido de crear una variante 3D sin gafas del Luigi's Mansion original en GameCube, la serie Luigi's Mansion permanecería inactiva durante aproximadamente una década. Dark Moon fue subcontratado a Next Level Games, una compañía que había trabajado en títulos de Nintendo en el pasado. Shigeru Miyamoto y empleados selectos de Nintendo supervisaron el proyecto, pero en general no intervinieron en el proyecto. El objetivo general del diseño era crear diversas experiencias para el jugador, explorando cómo cada elemento del juego podría usarse al máximo. Muchos de estos elementos se modificaron para adaptarse a la tecnología de Nintendo 3DS, como sus pantallas duales y capacidades 3D.

Dark Moon se anunció en el E3 2011, y se revelaron más detalles a lo largo de 2012. Cuando el juego se retrasó hasta 2013, Nintendo decidió promocionar el juego como parte del «Año de Luigi», con mercadería adicional con el tema de Luigi anunciada para el 30 aniversario del personaje. Dark Moon se lanzó en Japón el 20 de marzo de 2013, con otros lanzamientos regionales más tarde ese mismo mes. El juego recibió críticas generalmente positivas de los críticos, elogiando sus gráficos, la construcción de mundos y las nuevas características, al mismo tiempo que atrajo críticas por su estructura basada en misiones y la falta de puntos de control.  El juego fue nominado a varios premios y vendió 6,44 millones de copias a diciembre de 2020, lo que lo convierte en uno de los videojuegos más vendidos del Nintendo 3DS. Un gabinete de arcade basado en los activos de Dark Moon, titulado Luigi's Mansion Arcade, se lanzó a las salas de arcade de todo el mundo el 18 de junio de 2015. Una tercera entrada en la serie, titulada Luigi's Mansion 3, se lanzó a nivel mundial el 31 de octubre de 2019 para Nintendo Switch. Se lanzará una remasterización de Dark Moon, titulada Luigi's Mansion 2 HD, para Nintendo Switch en 2024.

Jugabilidad
Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon es un juego de acción y aventuras en el que el personaje principal es Luigi, quien es enviado por el profesor E. Gadd para explorar mansiones encantadas abandonadas y capturar fantasmas hostiles usando el Poltergust 5000, una aspiradora especializada. En el modo principal para un jugador, el jugador explora cinco mansiones diferentes diseñadas en torno a un tema específico, como un invernadero cubierto de maleza y una fábrica de relojes construida sobre un sitio arqueológico, para recuperar el fragmento de la Luna Oscura escondido en su interior.

La exploración a través de una mansión se divide en múltiples niveles basados en misiones que se centran en completar una serie de objetivos, como recuperar un objeto, acceder a una habitación en particular o derrotar a un jefe fantasma más fuerte. Al final de cada misión, el jugador recibe una puntuación en función de varios factores, como los tesoros y fantasmas recolectados. Si Luigi sufre demasiado daño por ataques de fantasmas o peligros ambientales y pierde todos sus puntos de corazón, se desmayará y el jugador deberá reiniciar la misión. Si el jugador encuentra y recoge un hueso dorado, Luigi revivirá y continuará la misión en lugar de empezar de nuevo. La pantalla táctil de Nintendo 3DS muestra un minimapa del diseño de la mansión, con ubicaciones de las puertas cerradas y desbloqueadas. El personaje Toad acompaña a Luigi en determinadas misiones. Cuando el jugador obtiene el fragmento de la Luna Oscura escondido en una mansión, puede avanzar a la siguiente mansión.

Para capturar un fantasma, el jugador primero lo aturde usando la linterna de Luigi equipada con el accesorio Strobulb. Mientras que Luigi's Mansion requería que el jugador iluminara al fantasma, en Dark Moon, el jugador carga el Strobulb para liberar un estallido de luz que actúa de manera similar a un flashbang. Cuando está aturdido, los puntos de vida del fantasma quedan expuestos, lo que le permite a Luigi aspirar al fantasma para disminuir sus puntos de vida hasta que esté lo suficientemente débil como para ser capturado. Además de capturar fantasmas, las funciones de succión y soplado del Poltergust 5000 se utilizan para manipular y transportar objetos del entorno. Muchos de los acertijos del juego están diseñados en torno a este concepto. Por ejemplo, el jugador usa la aspiradora para transportar cubos de agua, tirar de interruptores, girar manijas de válvulas e impulsar objetos pequeños. Otros objetos, como ciertos tipos de interruptores y cerraduras, reaccionan sólo cuando se exponen al flash Strobulb. Al principio del juego, el jugador obtiene el Dispositivo de Luz Oscura, que revela puertas y muebles invisibles.

Dark Moon presenta un modo multijugador cooperativo llamado «ScareScraper» («Thrill Tower» en Europa), en el que hasta cuatro jugadores controlan cada uno a un Luigi de diferente color. Los jugadores exploran cada piso de una mansión y completan el objetivo especificado dentro de un límite de tiempo. Cuando se completa el objetivo, los jugadores ascienden al siguiente piso. Todos los pisos se generan aleatoriamente, con diferentes diseños de pisos y ubicación de fantasmas y elementos, y los jugadores pueden seleccionar si la mansión tiene un número limitado o infinito de pisos. Hay cuatro tipos de objetivos diferentes disponibles: Cazador, en el que se deben capturar todos los fantasmas del suelo; Rush, donde los jugadores corren para encontrar la salida al siguiente piso; Polterpup, donde los jugadores persiguen y capturan perros fantasmas; y Sorpresa, en el que se elige aleatoriamente uno de los otros tres objetivos por piso. «ScareScraper» se puede jugar localmente o en línea a través de Nintendo Network.

Desarrollo
El desarrollo del juego comenzó a finales de 2010, con Shigeru Miyamoto supervisando el proyecto. Miyamoto afirmó que quería una secuela del juego simplemente porque "quería" después de usar el juego original para testar el hardware de Nintendo 3DS. El juego original para Gamecube podía soportar las tres dimensiones, pero el proyecto fue desechado.

En el principio Luigi's Mansion 2 tenía que ser un videojuego para Wii pero después Miyamoto optó por Nintendo 3DS por sus gráficos 3D.

Trama
En el Valle Sombrío hay un cuerpo celeste, llamado la Luna Oscura, que tiene un efecto pacificador en los fantasmas de la zona, razón por la cual el Profesor Fesor decide ir a investigar a los fantasmas y más sucesos paranormales. Sin embargo, un día, una silueta que se acerca a la Luna Oscura, (que sin duda es el Rey Boo, pero no se revela hasta el final), la destruye y provoca que el Valle Sombrío se vea envuelto en una niebla morada y que los fantasmas se vuelvan hostiles. De este modo, el Profesor Fesor huye del lugar hasta su base no muy lejos de la zona. Mientras tanto, Luigi duerme en su mansión original de Luigi's Mansion hasta que un día el Profesor Fesor lo llama a través del televisor y le pide ayuda. Aunque Luigi se niega, el Profesor Fesor lo ignora y lo trae hasta su base, (cosa que hace casi siempre a lo largo del juego). Una vez en la base del Profesor Fesor, éste le explica a Luigi los sucesos y le pide ayuda. También le dice que encontró un fragmento, pero eso implicaba que la Luna Oscura estaba rota y que el fragmento está envuelto en una extraña energía; sin embargo, el Profesor Fesor logra "limpiarla" y regresarle el efecto pacificador, pero únicamente al fragmento. Así, una parte del Valle Sombrío (Villa Tenebrosa), se desaloja de la niebla morada. Al no tener alternativa, Luigi va a la Villa Tenebrosa e inicia su nueva aventura. Ahí consigue la Succionantes 5000 que usará a lo largo del juego para capturar fantasmas. Así, mientras Luigi descubre nuevos fragmentos de la Luna Oscura, el Valle Sombrío se va despejando de la niebla y de los fantasmas hostiles.

Recepción
Luigi's Mansion 2 recibió elogios de la crítica, obteniendo un puntaje agregado de 86/100 en Metacritic. IGN le dio al juego un 9.3 de 10, citando que era "Nintendo en su mejor momento inventivo".

Matthew Castle, de la revista oficial de Nintendo, Reino Unido, le dio un 92%, elogiando las imágenes en 3D del juego y la combinación de características antiguas y nuevas. Sin embargo, también criticó el juego por su falta de puntos de control, afirmando que "la muerte, aunque rara, obliga a Luigi a reiniciar las misiones desde cero, castigando 30 segundos de defensa débil con hasta media hora de recopilación de tesoros y resolviendo acertijos por un segundo tiempo que se siente como una dura justicia cuando cometes un error tonto en una emboscada sorpresa". Concluyó con una nota positiva, afirmando que "por mucho que Luigi's Mansion 2 actúe como el payaso de la clase, todos gritos y caídas, tiene más corazón que cualquier juego en la memoria reciente cuando no los saca de los cofres de fantasmas, naturalmente Así que anima a Luigi y acepta tus aplausos. Divertido, hermoso, lleno de sorpresas... pero lo suficiente sobre Luigi. Nintendo renueva una de sus ofertas más extrañas en un título imprescindible. Lo único que debe temer es que se necesita otros 10 años para volver".

Matthew Reynolds de Digital Spy le otorgó 5 de 5 estrellas, comentando positivamente que "prácticamente todas las habitaciones en este seguimiento expansivo se sienten amorosamente hechas a mano y repletas de cosas para jugar, llenas de animaciones divertidas y botines para descubrir. Mientras el combate es menos complicado pero totalmente agradable, la verdadera prioridad del juego radica en la exploración y los acertijos".

Por el contrario, GameSpot le dio un 6.5 de 10, citando "picos de dificultad y falta de puntos de control", así como los controles rígidos, pero alabó la funcionalidad multijugador.

Notas

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Sitio oficial en español

Videojuegos de 2013
El año de Luigi
Videojuegos de acción-aventura
Videojuegos de fantasmas
Videojuegos de Luigi
Videojuegos de Mario
Videojuegos de Next Level Games
Videojuegos de Nintendo
Videojuegos de Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development
Videojuegos desarrollados en Canadá
Videojuegos de un solo jugador y de multijugador
Videojuegos para Nintendo 3DS
Videojuegos exclusivos para Nintendo 3DS

Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon


Bøfler (Bubalus) er en slægt af skedehornede.

 Slægt Bubalus
 Vandbøffel (B. bubalus)
 Asiatisk vandbøffel (B. arnee)
 Lavlandsanoa (B. depressicornis)
 Bjerganoa (B. quarlesi)
 Tamarau (B. mindrensis)

Eksterne henvisninger

Bøfler


San Juan Porto Riko'nun başkenti. Adanın Atlas Okyanusu'na bakan kuzey kısmında yer alan San Juan'ın nüfusu 433,733'tür.  Porto Riko'nun başlıca limanı ve en büyük sanayi merkezi olmasının yanı sıra, kumarhaneleri, güzel kumsalları ve yumuşak iklimyle büyük sayıda turist çekmektedir.

İspanyol gezgini Juan Ponce de León'un kurdurduğu(1508) Cappara yerleşme merkezi çevresinde gelişen San Juan, 1898'de ABD-İspanya Savaşı'nda ABD birlikleri tarafından alınmıştır.

Porto Riko'daki yerleşim birimleri
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan yerleşim yerleri

San Juan, Porto Riko


إقليم زاڭورة هو إقليم في جهة درعة تافيلات في الجنوب الشرقي للمغرب، وهو يضم 306 307 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء العام للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2014.

التقسيم الإداري
يضم إقليم زاكورة جماعتين حضريتين و 23 جماعة قروية:

الجماعات الحضرية

الجماعات القروية

مراجع

زاكورة

إقليم زاكورة


La saison 1992-1993 de Serie B, organisée par la Lega Calcio pour la quarante-septième fois, est la  du championnat de deuxième division en Italie. Les quatre premiers sont promus directement en Serie A et les quatre derniers sont relégués en Serie C.

À l'issue de la saison, l'AC Reggiana termine à la première place et monte en Serie A 1993-1994 ( division), accompagné par le vice-champion US Cremonese, le troisième Plaisance Calcio et le quatrième US Lecce.

Compétition
Le classement est établi sur le barème de points suivant :
 Victoire : 2 points
 Match nul : 1 points
 Défaite, forfait ou abandon du match : 0 point

Classement

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Notes et références
 saison 92-93 sur calcio-seriea.net

1992-1993
Championnat Italie Football 1992-1993 D2
Championnat Italie Football 1992-1993 D2
Italie D2
Italie D2

Championnat d'Italie de football de deuxième division 1992-1993


Lili Ilse Elvenes cunoscută ca Lili Elbe (), a fost o artistă daneză cunoscută a fi prima persoană care a suferit o interventie chirurgicală de schimbare de sex, în 1930. Potrivit unor surse, a fost o persoană intersexuală. Elbe s-a născut ca Einar Magnus Andreas Wegener și a fost un artist de succes sub acest nume. De asemenea, ea se prezenta ca Lili, uneori scris Lily, și a fost prezentată în mod public ca sora lui Einar. Și-a schimbat legal numele în Lili Ilse Elvenes și a încetat să mai picteze.

Autobiografia ei Man into Woman, a fost publicată în 1933.

Biografie

Elbe a întâlnit-o pe Gerda Gottlieb la Academia Regală Daneză de Arte Frumoase din Copenhaga, și s-au căsătorit în 1904, când Gottlieb avea 19 ani și Wegener 22. Cei doi au lucrat ca ilustratori, Elba specializându-se în picturi de peisaj, în timp ce Gottlieb ilustra cărți și reviste de modă. Amândoi au călătorit prin Italia și Franța, în cele din urmă stabilindu-se la Paris în 1912, unde Elba putea trăi în mod deschis ca femeie și Gottlieb ca lesbiană. Elba a primit premiul Neuhausens în 1907 și a expus la Kunstnernes Efterårsudstilling, la Muzeul de Artă Vejle și la Saloon și Salon d'Automne din Paris.

Elbe a început să se îmbrace în haine de femeie înlocuind un model absent pentru Gottlieb; soția sa i-a cerut să poarte ciorapi și tocuri astfel încât picioarele sale să poată substitui pe cele ale modelului. Elbe s-a simțit surprinzător de confortabil în acele haine. Cu timpul, Gottlieb a devenit faimoasă pentru picturile ei cu femei frumoase cu ochi migdalați și îmbrăcate chic. În 1913, publicul neavizat a fost șocat să descopere că modelul care a inspirat femeile fatale din picturile lui Gottlieb era de fapt soțul lui Gottlieb, "Elbe".

În anii 1920 și 1930, Elba s-a prezentat în mod regulat ca femeie, participând la diverse festivități și întreținând oaspeții în casa ei. Atunci când era îmbrăcată în haine de femeie, Elbe era prezentată de Gottlieb ca sora lui Einar Wegener.  Numai prietenii apropiați știau adevărul.

Operații și desfacerea căsătoriei

În 1930, Elbe a plecat în Germania pentru operație de schimbare de sex. Într-o perioadă de doi ani ea a suferit o serie de patru operații. Prima operație, cea de eliminare a testiculelor, a fost făcută sub supravegherea sexologului Magnus Hirschfeld la Berlin. Restul de operații chirurgicale au fost efectuate de Kurt Warnekros, un medic de la Clinica Municipală de femei din Dresda. A doua operație a fost implantarea unui ovar pe musculatura ei abdominală, a treia pentru a elimina penisul și scrotul, și a patra de transplant al unui uter și construirea canalului vaginal.

La momentul ultimei operații chirurgicale ale lui Elbe, cazul ei era reprezenta deja o senzație în ziarele din Danemarca și Germania. Un tribunal danez a invalidat căsătoria lui Wegener în octombrie 1930, și Elbe a reușit să schimbe legal numele și schimbarea de sex, primind inclusiv un pașaport cu numele Lili Ilse Elvenes. A încetat să mai picteze, crezând că este ceva care a făcut parte din identitatea lui Einar. După desfacerea căsătoriei, ea a revenit la Dresda pentru o intervenție chirurgicală finală.

Deces
În iunie 1931, Elbe a suferit cea de-a patra operație care a constat în implantarea uterului și construcția vaginului, ambele fiind proceduri noi și experimentale la acel moment. A murit la trei luni după operație din cauza paraliziei inimii cauzată de respingerea uterului de sistemul imunitar și infecția rezultată.

Gottlieb s-a căsătorit cu un ofițer militar, aviator și diplomat italian, maiorul Fernando "Nando" Porta, și s-a mutat în Maroc. Fernando a cheltuit toate economiile Gerdei și după ce au trăit mai mulți ani la Marrakech și Casablanca, cei doi au divorțat. Gottlieb s-a întors în Danemarca, unde a murit fără nici un ban, în 1940.

În cultura populară
Festivalul de film LGBT MIX Copenhaga a acordat patru premii "Lili" numite după Elbe.

În 2001, autorul american David Ebershoff a publicat un roman inspirat din viața ei, Daneza. În 2015, un film a adaptat acest roman, în regia lui Tom Hooper cu Eddie Redmayne în rolul principal. Filmul a fost bine primit la Festivalul de Film de la Veneția în septembrie 2015, deși a fost criticat pentru că rolul Lili Elbe a fost distribuit unui cisgen.

Legături externe

 Lili Elbe on Biography.com
 Sabine Meyer: Mit dem Puppenwagen in die normative Weiblichkeit. Lili Elbe und die journalistische Inszenierung von Transsexualität in Dänemark. In: NORDEUROPAforum  20 (2010:1–2), 33–61. Article in German scholarly journal
 Represented in ARKEN Museum of Modern Art's Gerda Wegener exhibition  7. november 2015 til 16. maj 2016

Note

Nașteri în 1882
Decese în 1931
Pictori danezi
Persoane LGBT din Danemarca

Lili Elbe


ජාතියක් රටක් හෝ ස්වෛරීය රාජ්‍යයක් විසින් තමාට අයත් භූමි ප්‍රදේශය තුල ස්වාධිපත්‍ය සහ සවයං පාලනය පවත්වාගෙන යාම  ස්වාධීනත්‍වය නම්වේ.

ස්වාධීනත්‍වය

ස්වාධීනත්‍වය


LÉcole de médecine de Dunedin (Dunedin School of Medicine) est l'ancien nom du campus de la faculté de médecine d'Otago à Dunedin. Tous les étudiants en médecine de l'université d'Otago qui entrent après le programme compétitif de première année en sciences de la santé, ou qui obtiennent une entrée aux cycles supérieurs, passent leurs deuxième et troisième années (ELM; Early Learning in Medicine) à étudier à la Otago Medical School à Dunedin. Au cours de leurs quatrième, cinquième et sixième années (ALM ; Advanced Learning in Medicine), les étudiants peuvent étudier à la faculté de médecine d'Otago à Dunedin, à l' ou à l'.

Histoire
Ouverte en 1875, l' a d'abord enseigné un cours de deux ans avec une formation complétée à l'étranger. 1887 a vu le premier diplômé en médecine qui avait été enseigné uniquement à Otago. En 1891, la faculté de médecine est officiellement devenue la Faculté de médecine. Jusqu'en 1920, la formation ne durait que quatre ans, mais fut ensuite étendue à six ans.

À partir de 1924, les étudiants pouvaient terminer leur dernière année de formation dans les hôpitaux d'Auckland, de Christchurch ou de Wellington, ainsi que de Dunedin. En 1938, des facultés annexes sont créées dans ces autres centres. La relation d'Otago avec Auckland a cessé après l'ouverture de la  en 1968. Les facultés annexes de Christchurch et Wellington sont devenues des écoles « cliniques » en 1973 et 1977 respectivement ; les précurseurs de l'  et de l' modernes.

Femmes diplômées
Les femmes n'entrèrent dans la formation médicale qu'en 1891, date à laquelle Emily Siedeberg devint la première étudiante en médecine. Entre 1896 et 1924, il y avait 50 femmes diplômées ; en 1949, 200 femmes avaient obtenu leur diplôme. Parmi les femmes diplômées entre 1896 et 1929 figurent :

 1896 : Emily Siedeberg
 1897 : Margaret Cruickshank
 1900 : Constance Frost, Daisy Platts-Mills, Alice Horsley
 1903 :
 1906 :
 1916 :
 1918 : Marion King Bennie Cameron
 1921 : Moana Gow, ,
 1922 : Muriel Bell
 1923 : ,
 1924 : Mary Champtaloup
 1925 : ,
 1926 : ,
 1929 :

Faculté de médecine de l'université d'Otago
Le titre University of Otago Medical School est l'une des sept facultés et écoles de la Division des sciences de la santé. Les autres facultés et écoles de la Division des sciences de la santé de l'université d'Otago sont l'École des sciences biomédicales ; la  ; l' ; l'École de physiothérapie ; l'université d'Otago à Christchurch ; et l'université d'Otago à Wellington.

Départements
La faculté de médecine d'Otago est structurée en huit départements universitaires : bioéthique, médecine générale et santé rurale, médecine, pathologie, médecine préventive et sociale, médecine psychologique, sciences chirurgicales et santé des femmes et des enfants. La plupart de ces départements ont un certain nombre de sous-sections ou d'unités.

Bâtiments
La majeure partie de la faculté de médecine d'Otago est centrée sur un groupe de bâtiments au sud-ouest du campus principal de l'université d'Otago, dans une zone comprenant l'hôpital Dunedin et délimitée par , Hanover Street, Cumberland Street et Frederick Street. Ceux-ci incluent le bâtiment Hercus (département de pathologie), le bâtiment Adams (département de médecine préventive et sociale) et le bâtiment Fraser (département de médecine psychologique). D'autres parties de l'école sont situées à l'hôpital de Dunedin, notamment les amphithéâtres Colquhoun et Barnett, le département du doyen et les départements de médecine, de sciences chirurgicales et de santé des femmes et des enfants. Le Département de médecine générale et de santé rurale est situé au 55 Hanover Street. Le Centre de bioéthique est hébergé à l'Otago Business School .

Près du cœur de la faculté de médecine d'Otago, situé à côté des bâtiments Hercus et Adams, se trouvent les bâtiments Scott et Lindo Ferguson, tous deux classés par Heritage New Zealand en catégorie II et catégorie I respectivement. Le Scott Building, construit pendant la Première Guerre mondiale par le cabinet d'architectes , est maintenant utilisé par la School of Biomedical Sciences. L'imposant bâtiment Lindo Ferguson est une structure en brique et  de style classique construite en 1927 sur une conception d', également utilisé par l'École des sciences biomédicales. Il a été nommé en l'honneur de Sir Lindo Ferguson, doyen de la faculté de médecine d'Otago de 1914 à 1937.

Références

Liens externes

 École de médecine d'Otago
 Structure de la Division des sciences de la santé de l'université d'Otago

Université d'Otago
Enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande
Médecine en Nouvelle-Zélande

École de médecine de l'université d'Otago


Afgang 15:43 er en dansk eksperimentalfilm fra 1971 instrueret af Dorte Ulstrup efter manuskript af Christa Pedersen og Lars Gerner.

Handling
Filmen forsøger at beskrive kommunikationen eller mangel på samme i en jernbaneventesal og i en kupe. Hvad sker der, hvis de samme mennesker fra ventesalen kommer i den samme kupe i toget?

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1971

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark
Værker om Danmark

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{{Infocaseta Avion
 | nume = Caudron G.3
 | logo =
 | imagine = Gervais-Courtellemont französisches Kampfflugzeug 1914 001.jpg
 | comentariu =
 | tip = Avion bombardament/recunoaștere/școală
 | țara de origine =
 | proiectant = René și Gaston Caudron
 |constructor= Fabrica de avioane Caudron, Le Crotoy
 | zbor inaugural = sfârșitul 1913 saumai 1914
 | produs =
 | introducere =
 | introdus = 1914
 | retras =
 | stare = ieșit din fabricațieretras din serviciu
 | beneficiar principal =  Aéronautique Militaire | alți beneficiari =  Finnish Air Force Polish Air Force Corpul Aerian US Army Air Service | bucăți fabricate = aproape 3000
 | cost program =
 | cost unitar =
 | dezvoltat din = Caudron G.2
 | variante =
}}

 Caudron G.3  a fost un biplan militar francez construit de către Fabrica de avioane Caudron. A fost folosit ca avion de observare și bombardament ușor în prima parte Primului Război Mondial, ulterior fiind folosit ca avion de recunoaștere sau școală.

Avionul Caudron G.3 s-a aflat în înzestrarea escadrilelor din organica Corpului Aerian din Armata României, la începutul campaniei din anul 1916 fiind în evidență un număr de 12 bucăți, din care 4 în stare operațională.

 Construcție

Caudron G.3 a fost proiectat ca o dezvoltare a tipului Caudron G.2. Configurația sa era de biplan (sescviplan) cu aripi cu anvergură diferită. Înclinarea laterală era comandată prin îndoirea captelor aripilor, dar ulterior s-a trecut la eleroane montate la aripa superioară. Elicea propulsoare era tractivă (dispusă în fața motorului). Motorul era de tip  (Gnôme Delta), rotativ, răcit cu aer, de 80 CP. ampenajele erau clasice, cu un stabilizator dispus în partea posterioară, pe care erau montate două direcții. Carlinga care conținea motorul și spațiul pentru echipaj era montat între aripa superioară și inferioară. Trenul de aterizare era compus dintr-o pereche de roți duble în față și patine în spate. De obicei avionul nu era înarmat, fiind destinat pentru misiuni de recunoaștere, dar putea fi dotat și cu o mitralieră. Din el se puteau lansa și bombe de mână.

A fost produs în număr mare, din cele 2450 de bucăți produse în Franța 1423 au fost produse în fabricile Caudron. 233 au fost produse în Marea Britanie, 166 în Italia și câteva în alte țări. Frații Caudron nu au cerut bani pentru licențierea proiectului, ca un act de patriotism.

A fost urmat de tipul .

 Variante
cele mai multe G.3 au fost model A.2, folosite de diverse forțe aeriene pe Frontul de Vest, în Rusia și în Orientul Mijlociu pentru reglaje de artilerie. Modelul D.2 a fost un biloc de antrenament, echipat cu dublă comandă, iar modelul E.2 a fost un aparat d antrenament de bază. Modelul R.1 ("rouleur") a fost folosit în Franța și SUA pentru antrenament de , cu aripa îndreptată în jos pentru a preveni decolarea. Ultimul model, L2, a fost echipat cu   de 110 CP. În Germania,  a construit câteva copii denumite LD.3 și LD.4 (Land Doppeldecker).

 Exemplare supraviețuitoare
Exemplare de Caudron G.3 sunt expuse în câteva muzee cum ar fi , , Muzeul Armatei Regale și de Istorie Militară din Bruxelles și  din Rio de Janeiro. Un avion restaurat este expus la  din Finlanda.

 Caracteristici tehnice (G.3)

Sursa: Keskinen ș.a., Suomen ilmavoimien lentokoneet echipaj: 1
 lungime: 6,40 m
 anvergură: 13,40 m
 Înălțime: 2,50 m
 supragață portantă: 27,00 m²
 greutate gol: 420 kg
 greutate maximă la declare: 710 kg
 motor: Le Rhône 9C, 80 CP

 Performanțe
 viteză maximă: 106 km/h
 autonomie: 4 h
 plafon: 4300 m

 Armament
 1 × mitralieră ușoară (opțional) și bombe lansate cu mâna (opțional)

Vezi și
 Aviația în Primul Război Mondial
 Listă de aeronave militare ale Antantei
 Listă de aeronave militare ale Puterilor Centrale

 Note

 Bibliografie
  Kalevi Keskinen, Kari Stenman, Klaus Niska: Suomen ilmavoimien lentokoneet 1918-1939, Tietoteos, 1976

 Lectură splimentară
  Kalevi Keskinen, Kyösti Partonen, Kari Stenman: Suomen Ilmavoimat I 1918-27'', 2005,

Vezi și
 Armamentul Armatei României în Primul Război Mondial

Legături externe

  Caudron G3 la airminded.net
  RAF Museum

Avioane de recunoaștere
Sescviplane
Aeronave din înzestrarea Armatei României din Primul Război Mondial
 Avioane militare din Primul Război Mondial

Caudron G.3


Ioana Bortan () este o jucătoare română de fotbal pe postul de mijlocaș.

Carieră
În prezent joacă pentru Olimpia Cluj în Liga I. A jucat în Liga Campionilor cu CFF Clujana și Olimpia Cluj și în Finlanda la Kuopion Palloseura și este componentă a echipei naționale a României.

Palmares
 Liga I (13): 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023
 Cupa României (8): 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2021, 2022

Referințe

Legături externe

 Profil la UEFA

Nașteri în 1989
Sportivi români în viață
Cioturi Fotbaliști români
Fotbaliste române
Sighișoreni

Ioana Bortan


Hamming sayıları ilk kez Richard Hamming tarafından tanımlanmış bir sayı dizisidir. Bunlar pozitif tam sayılar olup çarpanları sadece 2, 3 ve 5'in kuvvetleridir. İlk birkaç Hamming sayısı şunlardır: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, ... Hamming sayıları k-düzgün sayıları denen sayılar kategorisinin bir özel halidir. Bu tür sayıların kdan büyük asal çarpanı yoktur. Dolayısı ile Hamming sayıları da 5-düzgün sayılardır. Hamming sayılarını artan sırada hesaplama algoritmaları Edsger Dijkstra tarafından yaygınlaştırılmıştır.

Dijkstra'ya göre Hamming sayılarını hesaplamak 1'den büyük ve 2, 3 veya 5 haricinde asal çarpanı olmayan, yani 2^i x 3^j x 5^k (i,j,k ≥ 0) şeklindeki, sonsuz sayı dizisini kurmak demektir. Bunu hesaplamak için aşağıdaki adımlar takip edilir.

 h bir Hamming sayısı ise 2h, 3h ve 5h de Hamming sayılarıdır.
 1 bir Hamming sayısıdır ve hesaplamayı başlatmak için kullanılır.
 Dizinin sıralı olması için 2, 3 ve 5 ile çarpmadan gelecek ve henüz kullanılmamış olan sayıları kıyaslamak yeterlidir. Diğer çarpımlar bunların bir kısmından daha büyük olacaktır, dolayısı ile sıralı listedeki ilk eleman olamazlar.

Bu algoritma sık sık tembel fonksiyonel programlama dillerinin gücünü göstermek için kullanılır çünkü böyle bir dilde yukarıdaki adımları doğrudan uygulamak mümkün iken bir katı fonksiyonel programlama dili ile ya da bir imperatif programlama dili ile bunu gerçekleştirmek basit bir iş değildir.

Dış bağlantılar

 Tam sayı Dizileri Ansiklopedisi A051037
 Mathworld'deki Düzgün Sayılar Sayfası
 Dijkstra algoritmasının temel fonksiyonel dillerden biri olan Haskell ile 5 satırlık uygulaması
 Dijkstra algoritmasının C# programlama dili ile uygulaması

Tamsayı dizileri

Hamming sayıları


Ron Flockhart (Edinburgh, Škotska, 16. lipnja 1923. – Victoria, Australija, 12. travnja 1962.) je bivši britanski vozač automobilističkih utrka. U Formuli 1 je nastupao od 1954. do 1960., a najbolji rezultat mu je treće mjesto na VN Italije 1956. Dva puta je pobijedio na utrci 24 sata Le Mansa, 1956. s Ninianom Sandersonom i 1957. s Ivorom Buebom. Ostvario je ukupno 20 pobjeda od 1951. do 1961., među kojima je i Silver City Trophy, utrka Formule 1 koja se nije bodovala za prvenstvo 1959., u kojoj je Flockhart u BRM-u slavio ispred Jacka Brabhama u Cooper-Climaxu. Poginuo je u padu privatnog aviona VH-UWB 1962. u Australiji.

Rezultati u Formuli 1

Pobjede

24 sata Le Mansa

Ostale pobjede

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Ron Flockhart na racing-reference.info

Britanski vozači Formule 1

Ron Flockhart


La League1 Colombie-Britannique (en ) est une ligue semi-professionnelle de soccer masculin et féminin créée en 2021 sous l'égide de BC Soccer, affiliée à l'Association canadienne de soccer.

Cette ligue est la plus haute division de soccer à la Colombie-Britannique et est reconnue de niveau division 3 au Canada au même titre que la League1 Ontario et la Ligue1 Québec.

Histoire
En 2016, la BC Soccer, la fédération provinciale du soccer de la Colombie-Britannique, fait de la recherche sur la possibilité de créer une «ligue de soccer régionale de la  division». L'attente fut que cette ligue commencera en 2018 avec huit clubs. Cependant, rien ne s'est concrétisé.

En juin 2019, la BC Soccer recommence le travail de créer cette ligue. Son attente était que les compétitions commenceront en 2021 avec au moins 6 clubs. Cette fois, la BC Soccer exige aussi que chaque club participant doit s'investir dans une participation d'au moins trois années et chaque club doit participer aux compétitions masculines et aux compétitions féminines. À l'autre côte, cette ligue va accepter des équipes réserves des clubs professionnels, donné que ces équipes ne s'appellent pas «réserve», «moins de 23 ans», etc..

Le 5 octobre 2021, la BC Soccer lance officiellement la League1 Colombie-Britannique et annonce que les compétitions commenceront en mai 2022. Sept équipes participeront aux compétitions de la  saison.

Participants en 2023

Notes et références

Références

Voir aussi
Ligue1 Québec
League1 Ontario
Ligue1 Canada

Compétition de soccer au Canada
Canada

League1 Colombie-Britannique


Amy Wilson Carmichael (* 16. Dezember 1867 in Millisle, County Down, Nordirland; † 18. Januar 1951) war eine Indien-Missionarin und Autorin. Sie eröffnete ein Waisenhaus und gründete eine Missionsstation in Dohnavur. 55 Jahre lang arbeitete sie in Indien ohne Heimaturlaub und schrieb viele Bücher über ihre missionarische Arbeit.

Frühes Leben

Amy Wilson Carmichael wurde in dem kleinen Dorf Millisle, County Downin Nordirland, geboren, als Älteste von sieben Geschwistern. Ihre Eltern waren David und Catherine Carmichael, gläubige Presbyterianer. Aus ihrer Kindheit wurde erzählt, dass sie oft betete, Jesus möge ihr blaue statt ihrer braunen Augen geben. Sie war sehr enttäuscht, als sie keine blauen Augen bekam. Als Erwachsene jedoch erkannte sie, dass sie viel besser von den Indern akzeptiert wurde, weil sie auch deren Augenfarbe hatte, und dass es ihr mit blauen Augen viel schwerer geworden wäre, dort Fuß zu fassen. Amys Vater starb, als sie 18 war.

Carmichael war Gründerin der Welcome Evangelical Church in Belfast. Die Geschichte der Gemeinde begann damit, dass sie Mitte der 1880er Jahre eine Sonntagmorgen-Klasse für "Shawlies" sammelte; das waren Arbeitermädchen, die Schals statt Hüte trugen (Mill girls). Sie trafen sich im Gemeindesaal der Presbyterianischen Rosemary-Street-Kirche. Diese Arbeit erwies sich als sehr erfolgreich. Die Zusammenkünfte der "Shawlies" wuchsen so sehr, dass Amy schließlich eine Halle mit Platz für 500 Personen benötigte. Genau zu dieser Zeit sah sie eine Anzeige in der Zeitschrift "The Christian", in der eine Halle aus einer Eisenkonstruktion angeboten wurde, die 500 Personen fassen konnte und 500 £ kostete. Eine Spende in Höhe von 500 £ von Miss Kate Mitchell und dazu die Spende eines Grundstücks von einem der Mühlenbesitzer ermöglichte die Errichtung der ersten Welcome Hall an der Ecke Cambrai-Street / Heather Street in Belfast im Jahr 1887. Amy arbeitete in der Welcome Church, bis sie 1889 ein Ruf aus Manchester erreichte. Sie wurde gebeten, auch dort unter den Mill Girls zu arbeiten, bevor sie schließlich in die Missionsarbeit ging.

In vielerlei Hinsicht war sie für diese Arbeit ungeeignet. Sie litt unter Neuralgie, einer Nervenerkrankung, wodurch sie ständig Schwächegefühle und Schmerzen hatte. Oft war sie für Wochen bettlägerig. Bei der Keswick Convention 1887 hörte sie Hudson Taylor, den Gründer der China-Inland-Mission, über missionarisches Leben sprechen. Bald darauf war sie sich ihrer Berufung in die Missionsarbeit sicher. Sie bewarb sich bei der China-Inland-Mission und bereitete sich dann in London auf die Mission vor. Dort traf sie die Schriftstellerin und China-Missionarin Mary Geraldine Guinness, die sie ermutigte, in die Mission zu gehen. Sie war zwar bereit, nach Asien in ein Missionsgebiet zu reisen, wurde aber wegen ihres Gesundheitszustandes für untauglich befunden. Sie verschob ihre Missionars-Laufbahn bei der China-Inland-Mission und beschloss, der Church Missionary Society beizutreten.

Arbeit in Indien
Zunächst reiste Carmichael für 15 Monate nach Japan, aber nach einer kurzen Dienstzeit in Lanka fand sie ihre lebenslange Berufung in Indien, für die sie von der Church of England Zenana Mission beauftragt wurde. Sie erlebte Tempelprostitution und Kinderhandel: Es gab Tempel-Kinder, junge Mädchen die oft mit nur fünf Jahren in den Tempel als Prostituierte gezwungen wurden, um Geld für die Hindu-Priester zu verdienen (Devadasi, eigentlich Tempel-Tänzerinnen), und als Opfer der Eltern für die Götter. Carmichael beschäftigte sich mit ihnen und konnte einige aus der Zwangsprostitution retten. Die von ihr gegründete Organisation Dohnavur Fellowship wurde ein Refugium für über tausend Kinder. Dohnavur liegt in Tamil Nadu, 30 Meilen von der Südspitze Indiens entfernt.

In dem Bemühen, die indische Kultur zu respektieren, trugen Mitglieder der Organisation indische Kleidung und den Kindern wurden indische Namen gegeben. Auch Carmichael trug indische Kleidung und färbte ihre Haut mit Kaffeesatz, um sie dunkler zu machen. So reiste sie oft weite Strecken, um manchmal nur ein Kind zu retten.

Während ihrer Tätigkeit in Indien erhielt Amy einen Brief von einer jungen Frau, die erwog, selbst in die Mission zu gehen. Diese fragte Amy: "Was macht missionarisches Leben aus?" Amy schrieb einfach zurück: "Missionarisches Leben ist einfach eine Möglichkeit zu sterben."

Carmichael war auch eine überaus produktive Autorin; sie veröffentlichte 35 Bücher, u. a.: Mission Work in Southern India (1903), His Thoughts Said... His Father Said (1951), If (1953), Edges of His Ways (1955) and God's Missionary (1957).

Letzte Zeit und Vermächtnis
Im Jahr 1931 war Carmichael nach einem Sturz ans Bett gefesselt. An der Verletzung und deren Folgen hatte sie bis zu ihrem Tod zu leiden. Sie starb in Indien 1951 im Alter von 83 Jahren; und sie bat darum, keinen Grabstein zu bekommen, sondern eine Vogeltränke mit der Aufschrift "Amma" – in Tamil "Mutter".

Ihr Beispiel als Missionarin inspirierte z. B. Jim Elliot und dessen Frau Elisabeth.

Werke (Auswahl)
 From Sunrise Land: Letters from Japan. Marshall, 1895
 Things as they are; mission work in southern India. Morgan & Scott, London 1905
 Overweights of Joy. 1906
 Lotus Buds. Morgan & Scott, London 1912
 Walker of Tinnevelly. Morgan & Scott, London 1916 (Biografie von Thomas Walker)
 Ragland, pioneer. S.P.C.K. Depository, Madras 1922 (Biografie von Thomas Gajetan Ragland)
 Ploughed Under: The Story of a Little Lover. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK), 1934
 Candles in the Dark. Christian Literature Crusade, 1982
 Rose from Brier. Christian Literature Crusade, 1972
 Mimosa: A True Story. CLC Publications, 2005
 If. Christian Literature Crusade, 1999
 Gold Cord. Christian Literature Crusade, 1957
 Edges of His Ways. Christian Literature Crusade, Fort Washington 1955
 Mountain Breezes: The Collected Poems of Amy Carmichael. Christian Literature Crusade, 1999
 Whispers of His Power. CLC Publications, 1993
 Thou Givest They Gather. CLC Publications, 1970
 Kohila: The Shaping of an Indian Nurse. CLC Publications, July 2002

Biographien
 Elisabeth Elliot: A Chance to Die: the Life and Legacy of Amy Carmichael. Fleming H. Revell Company, Old Tappan, NJ 1987, ISBN 0-8007-1535-7.
 Sam Wellman: Amy Carmichael: A Life Abandoned to God. Barbour Publishing, Uhrichville, Ohio 1998, ISBN 1-57748-364-2.
 Derick Bingham: The Wild-Bird Child: A Life of Amy Carmichael. Ambassador-Emerald International, 2004, ISBN 1-84030-144-9
 Frank Houghton: Amy Carmichael. Die Geschichte einer großen Frau. R. Brockhaus Verlag, Wuppertal 1990, ISBN 3-417-20830-0.
 Hildegard Horie: Denn Götter weinen nicht – Amy Carmichael und ihre Tempelkinder. Esras.net, Niederbüren, 2017 (2. Aufl.) ISBN 978-3-905899-92-4.

Evangelischer Missionar
Autor
Brite
Geboren 1867
Gestorben 1951
Frau

Amy Carmichael


Kim Hill (born December 30, 1963) is a contemporary Christian music singer. Aside from her career as a Grammy Award-nominated and GMA Dove Award-winning solo artist, she has also sung background vocals on projects by other artists, such as Rich Mullins (Winds of Heaven, Stuff of Earth).

Personal life
Hill was born in Starkville, Mississippi, and raised in Meridian, Mississippi. She attended Mississippi State, where she participated in volleyball and track and field. She moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where she signed her first record deal with Reunion Records. Hill was married to former Auburn University football player Rob Shuler. The marriage ended in divorce, but not before producing two sons: 3for3 band member Benji Shuler and former Stanford Cardinal football player Graham Shuler.

As of 2021, Hill is co-owner (with Paulette Wooten) of The Treehouse, a women's retreat property in North Carolina. She and Wooten formed the musical duo Wooten Hill and produced the EP Is It Alright in 2020.

Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Live albums

Singles

Other charted songs

Music videos

References

External links
 Archived Official website

1963 births
Living people
American country singer-songwriters
American women country singers
American performers of Christian music
Christian music songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Mississippi
People from Starkville, Mississippi
Country musicians from Mississippi
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singer-songwriters

Kim Hill (singer)


Flăcăul cu o singură bretea este un film românesc din 1990 regizat de Iulian Mihu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Ștefan Sileanu, Maia Morgenstern, Mihai Cafrița

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Maia Morgenstern — Doamna
 Aristide Teică — Un secretar
 Beatrice Ilinca
 Mihai Boroneață — Niculăiță
 Mihai Cafrița — Amantul doamnei
 Cristian Filipon — Niculăiță copil
 Violeta Andrei — Doamna cu cățelul
 Maria Rotaru — Mama lui Niculăiță
 Dan Ionescu — Baronul
 Ștefan Sileanu — Șeful de poliție
 Alexandru Arșinel — Preotul
 Valeria Rădulescu
 Alexandru Racoviceanu — Goftec

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 25.781 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1990 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1990
Filme regizate de Iulian Mihu

Flăcăul cu o singură bretea


Ancistrocarpus, manji biljni rod iz porodice sljezovki smješten u potporodicu Grewioideae. Postoje tri priznate vrste iz tropske Afrike

Vrste
 Ancistrocarpus bequaertii De Wild
 Ancistrocarpus comperei R.Wilczek
 Ancistrocarpus densispinosus Oliv.

Izvori

Sljezovke

Ancistrocarpus


En géographie, l'enclavement est l'isolement d'un territoire, difficilement accessible et mal relié aux territoires voisins et au reste du monde.
 En géologie, l' est l'insertion d'une roche ou d'un ensemble de roches dans une autre roche ou formation géologique, après sa séparation du corps principal.
 En médecine, l'enclavement de la présentation est une complication de l'accouchement, qui résulte d'une incompatibilité entre le diamètre requis par la présentation de l'enfant et le diamètre du bassin maternel.

Enclavement


This is a list of aviation-related events from 1906:

Events

January–December

17 January – The Zeppelin LZ2 makes its first flight, which ends in a forced landing.
18 January – The Zeppelin LZ2 is destroyed in high winds.
27 February – American aviation pioneer Samuel Pierpont Langley dies at Aiken, South Carolina.
5 March – Romanian inventor Traian Vuia begins testing his Vuia 1 at Montesson, France, by driving it as an automobile without its wings mounted. It is a high-wing monoplane powered by a carbonic acid gas engine, and is first aircraft with pneumatic tires.
18 March – At Montesson, Traian Vuia achieves several short hops in his Vuia 1, traveling about  at an altitude of about . He flies four more times; one flight travels some  at an altitude of , and the longest flight is , the first manned flights of a heavier-than-air monoplane with an unassisted takeoff.
11 August – Mrs. C.J. Miller becomes the first American woman to ride as a passenger in a dirigible.
September – A military balloon is flown over Stonehenge in England carrying out the first aerial photography in archaeology.
12 September – Jacob Ellehammer makes a tethered flight with his aeroplane "Semi-biplane" on the tiny island of Lindholm. The plane was attached to the ground by a rope and described a few circles.
13 September – Alberto Santos-Dumont successfully flies his Santos-Dumont 14-bis aircraft for the first time, on the grounds of the Château de Bagatelle in the Bois de Boulogne public park in Paris.
30 September – The Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning is awarded for the first time. It goes to Lieutenant Frank Lahm of the United States Army, who flies  in the balloon United States from Paris to Fylingdales Moor in North Yorkshire, England. It is the first international balloon race.
9 October – The Zeppelin LZ 3 flies for the first time, making a  round trip in two hours.
23 October – Alberto Santos-Dumont wins the Archdeacon Prize as for a flight of  in his Santos-Dumont 14-bis at the Château de Bagatelle's grounds.
 November – Brothers Gabriel and Charles Voisin open an aircraft factory in Billancourt, France, beginning the Voisin company.
 12 November – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies  in 21 seconds at the Château de Bagatelle's grounds in the Santos-Dumont 14-bis which has been recently equipped with primitive interplane ailerons. This is recorded as the first officially observed aeroplane flight in Europe and, although occurring after longer flights by the Wright brothers in the United States, is the first officially recognized airplane distance record.
 16 November – The first flight of the French Lebaudy-built semi-rigid airship Patrie takes place.

References

Aviation
Aviation by year

1906 in aviation


Kapital şu anlamlara gelebilir;
 Ekonomi jargonunda sermaye anlamına gelir.
 Kapital, Karl Marx'ın özgün Almanca ismi Das Kapital olan eserinin Türkçe ismidir.
 Kapital, Bulgaristan'da yayınlanan haftalık gazete.
 Capital, Arjantin'de yayınlanan günlük gazete.
 Capital, Romanya'da yayınlanan haftalık gazete.
 Kapital (başkent), Başkent anlamına gelmektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Sermaye (anlam ayrımı)

Kapital (anlam ayrımı)


STS-105 was a mission of the Space Shuttle Discovery to the International Space Station, launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 10 August 2001. This mission was Discovery's final mission until STS-114, because Discovery was grounded for a refit, and then all Shuttles were grounded in the wake of the Columbia disaster. The refit included an update of the flight deck to the glass cockpit layout, which was already installed on Atlantis and Columbia.

Crew

Space walks
 Barry and Forrester – EVA 1
 EVA 1 Start: 16 August 2001 – 13:58 UTC
 EVA 1 End: 16 August 2001 – 20:14 UTC
 Duration: 6 hours, 16 minutes
 Barry and Forrester – EVA 2
 EVA 2 Start: 18 August 2001 – 13:42 UTC
 EVA 2 End: 18 August 2001 – 19:11 UTC
 Duration: 5 hours, 29 minutes

Mission highlights

The main purpose of STS-105 was the rotation of the International Space Station crew and the delivery of supplies utilizing the Italian-built Multi Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Leonardo on its second flight (STS-102, STS-105). The crew also performed two spacewalks and conducted scientific experiments. The Multi Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) taken on STS-105 contained additional scientific racks, equipment and supplies. It is  long and  in diameter and has a dry mass of over . An identical module named Raffaello has flown twice (STS-100 and, later, STS-108).

Aboard Leonardo were six Resupply Stowage Racks, four Resupply Stowage Platforms, and two new scientific experiment racks for the station's U.S. laboratory Destiny. The two new science racks (EXPRESS Racks 4 and 5) added further science capability to the station. EXPRESS stands for Expedite the Processing of Experiments to the Space Station. EXPRESS Rack 4 weighs  and EXPRESS Rack 5 weighs . The empty weight of each EXPRESS rack is about . EXPRESS Racks 1 and 2A were delivered aboard the Raffaello cargo module during STS-100/6A in April 2001. EXPRESS Rack 3 was brought to the station during STS-111 in 2002. The racks were manufactured at the Space Station Processing Facility.

The Resupply Stowage Racks and Resupply Stowage Platforms were filled with Cargo Transfer Bags that contain equipment and supplies for the station. The six Resupply Stowage Racks contained almost  of cargo and the four Resupply Stowage Platforms contained about  of cargo, not including the weight of the Cargo Transfer Bags, the foam packing around the cargo or the straps and fences that held the bags in place. The total weight of cargo, racks and packing material aboard Leonardo was just over . Total cargo weight was about .

Also carried in the payload bay was an Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC) carrying the Early Ammonia Servicer and MISSE PECs 1 & 2.

Another payload on board is the Materials International Space Station Experiments (MISSE). This project was a NASA/Langley Research Center-managed cooperative endeavor to fly materials and other types of space exposure experiments on the space station. The objective was to develop early, low-cost, non-intrusive opportunities to conduct critical space exposure tests of space materials and components planned for use on future spacecraft. Johnson Space Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Glenn Research Center, the Materials Laboratory at the Air Force Research Laboratory and Boeing Phantom Works were participants with Langley in the project. The MISSE experiments were the first externally mounted experiments conducted on the ISS. The experiments were in four Passive Experiment Containers (PECs) that were initially developed and used for an experiment on Mir in 1996 during the Shuttle-Mir Program. The PECs were transported to Mir on STS-76. After an 18-month exposure in space, they were retrieved on STS-86. PECs are suitcase-like containers for transporting experiments via the space shuttle to and from an orbiting spacecraft. Once on orbit and clamped to the host spacecraft, the PECs are opened and serve as racks to expose experiments to the space environment.

Other payloads on board were part of the Goddard Space Flight Center's Wallops Flight Facility Shuttle Small Payloads Project. The SSPP system utilizes payload carrier systems such as the Hitchhiker, Getaway Specials and Space Experiment Modules to provide a low cost scientific research environment. SSPP payloads on STS-105 include the Hitchhiker payload Simplesat, The Cell Growth in Microgravity GAS Canister (G-708), the Microgravity Smoldering Combustion experiment (MSC), and the Hitchhiker Experiment Advancing Technology Space Experiment Module-10 payload).

This was the only Shuttle launch to go before the scheduled launch time, at the beginning, rather than the optimal middle or later, of the 10-minute launch window to rendezvous with ISS.  It launched early because an approaching storm system threatened to violate launch criteria at the appointed time.

Wake-up calls
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, which was first used to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.
Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.

Media

See also

List of human spaceflights
List of International Space Station spacewalks
List of Space Shuttle missions
List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
Outline of space science

References

External links
 NASA mission summary
 STS-105 Video Highlights

Space Shuttle missions
Spacecraft launched in 2001
Articles containing video clips

STS-105


Amerikansk krikand () er en nordamerikisk andefugl.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Ænder
Fugle fra Amerika

Amerikansk krikand


In economics and particularly in consumer choice theory, the substitution effect is one component of the effect of a change in the price of a good upon the amount of that good demanded by a consumer, the other being the income effect.

When a good's price decreases, if hypothetically the same consumption bundle were to be retained, income would be freed up which could be spent on a combination of more of each of the goods. Thus the new total consumption bundle chosen, compared to the old one, reflects both the effect of the changed relative prices of the two goods (one unit of one good can now be traded for a different quantity of the other good than before as the ratio of their prices has changed) and the effect of the freed-up income. The effect of the relative price change is called the substitution effect, while the effect due to income having been freed up is called the income effect.

If income is altered in response to the price change such that a new budget line is drawn passing through the old consumption bundle but with the slope determined by the new prices and the consumer's optimal choice is on this budget line, the resulting change in consumption is called the Slutsky substitution effect. The idea is that the consumer is given enough money to purchase her old bundle at the new prices, and her choice changes are seen.

If instead, a new budget line is found with the slope determined by the new prices but tangent to the indifference curve going through the old bundle, the difference between the new point of tangency and the old bundle is the Hicks substitution effect. The idea now is that the consumer is given just enough income to achieve her old utility at the new prices, and how her choice changes is seen. The Hicks substitution effect is illustrated in the next section.

Some authors refer to one of these two concepts as simply the substitution effect. The popular textbook by Varian  describes the Slutsky variant as the primary one, but also gives a good explanation of the distinction.

The same concepts also apply if the price of one good goes up instead of down, with the substitution effect reflecting the change in relative prices and the income effect reflecting the fact the income has been soaked up into additional spending on the retained units of the now-pricier good.

For example, consider coffee and tea. If the price of coffee increased, consumers of hot drinks may decide to start drinking tea instead. This will cause the demand for tea to increase. Likewise, if the price of coffee was to decrease, tea-drinkers may decide to shift their drinking habits and substitute coffee for their daily drinking habits, causing the demand for tea to decrease.

Economists had long understood that changes in price could lead to two main responses by consumers, initial work on this subject had been done by Vilfredo Pareto in the 1890s, but it wasn't until Eugen Slutsky's 1915 article that rigor was brought to the subject. Because Slutsky's original paper was published during World War I in Italian, economists in the Anglo-American world did not become aware of Slutsky's contributions until the 1930s. The English world was fully introduced to Slutsky's ideas in 1934 when "A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value" was published by John Hicks and RGD Allen, this paper built upon work by Pareto and came to conclusions Slutsky had realized two decades prior.

Graphical analysis

Suppose the initial situation is given by the graph (with good Y plotted horizontally) with the indicated (and never-changing) indifference curves shown and with budget constraint BC1 and with the consumer choosing point A because it puts him on the highest possible indifference curve consistent with BC1. The position and slope of the budget constraint are based on the consumer's income and on the prices of the two goods X and Y. If the price of Y falls, the budget constraint pivots to BC2, with a greater intercept of good Y because if all income were spent on Y more of it could be purchased at the now-lower price. The overall effect of the price change is that the consumer now chooses the consumption bundle at point C.

But the move from A to C can be decomposed into two parts. The substitution effect is the change that would occur if the consumer were required to remain on the original indifference curve; this is the move from A to B. The income effect is the simultaneous move from B to C that occurs because the lower price of one good in fact allows movement to a higher indifference curve. (In this graph Y is an inferior good since C is to the left of B so Y2 < Ys.)

Elasticity of substitution
The concept of the elasticity of substitution was developed by two different economists, each with their own focus. One of these economists was John Hicks, who defined elasticity of substitution as the change in percentage in the relative number of factors of production used, given a particular change in percentage in relative prices or marginal products. This definition is also known as the direct elasticity of substitution. The other economist was Joan Robinson, who defined elasticity of substitution as the change in proportion of the ratio of the number of factors used divided by the change in proportion of the ratio of each factor's prices. These two definitions function in the same way when limited to two factors of production.

See also

 Slutsky equation
 Consumer theory#Income effect
 Income–consumption curve

References

Consumer theory

Substitution effect


Der vom römischen Juristen Ulpian verfasste Grundsatz Volenti non fit iniuria (lateinisch für Dem Einwilligenden geschieht kein Unrecht) prägt den rechtlichen Grundsatz der Einwilligung.

Eine Person, die freiwillig und bewusst in die Handlungen eines anderen einwilligt, kann aus einem durch das Handeln des anderen erlittenen Schaden grundsätzlich keine Ansprüche herleiten.

Dies ist beispielsweise bei einem Boxer der Fall, der einwilligt, einen Kampf zu absolvieren und seinen Gegner daher nicht im Nachhinein für Verletzungen durch einen Schlag belangen kann; dies gilt jedoch nicht, wenn ein grob regelwidriger Schlag erfolgte.

Anders als der Grundsatz venire contra factum proprium, der nur auf die Haftpflicht anwendbar ist, wird volenti non fit iniuria etwa auch dazu herangezogen, um die Strafbarkeit einer Körperverletzung oder fahrlässigen Tötung zu verneinen und die Verkehrssicherungspflicht z. B. von Sportanlagen auf atypische Gefahren zu beschränken.

Eine Ausnahme von diesem Grundsatz findet sich z. B. in  des deutschen Strafgesetzbuches (Sittenwidrigkeit der Einwilligung bei Körperverletzung).

Dagegen ist die Tötung eines Menschen selbst dann unter Strafe gestellt, wenn der Betroffene diese ausdrücklich gewünscht hat.

Literatur
 Ansgar Ohly: Volenti non fit iniuria – die Einwilligung im Privatrecht, Universität München, Habilitationsschrift 2001, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2002, ISBN 3161477936.
 Suryia Kumar Parmanand: Sports Injuries in the Civil Law: Volenti Non Fit Iniuria and Delictual Liability for Injuries in Sport, Lex Patria, 1987, ISBN 0628030746
 Michael Pechan: Die Strafbarkeit wegen Körperverletzung im Sport Diss., 2011

Siehe auch
Latein im Recht

Einzelnachweise

Rechtsregel
Lateinische Phrase
Strafrecht

Volenti non fit iniuria


An Crepidium marsupichilum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Upton, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Dariusz Lucjan Szlachetko. An Crepidium marsupichilum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Crepidium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Crepidium

Crepidium marsupichilum


Brunkulfilmen er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1944.

Handling
Brunkulsbrydning i Jylland under og efter Anden Verdenskrig.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentariske optagelser
Danske film fra 1944

Brunkulfilmen


De 1815 à 1816, le Royaume de Naples est une entité politique souveraine gouvernée par Ferdinand IV de Naples.

Création
Le , après la seconde abdication de Napoléon Ier, Joseph Bonaparte est évincé de la couronne napolitaine au profit de l'ancien roi de Naples, Ferdinand .

Dissolution
Le 8 décembre 1816, après la fin du Congrès de Vienne, le roi Ferdinand IV, devenu roi de Sicile sous le nom de Ferdinand III de Sicile proclame l'unification des royaumes de Naples et de Sicile sous le nom de Royaume des Deux-Siciles.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

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  Nicola Forte, Viaggio nella memoria persa del Regno delle Due Sicilie. La storia, i fatti, i fattarielli, Imagaenaria, Ischia, 2007 .
 (fr) Fabienne Coudin, Naples, 1266-1442, L'aventure angevine. Itinéraire historique, Pau, Périégète, 2015.
  Benedetto Croce, Storia del Regno di Napoli, Adelphi, Milan, 1992.
  Benedetto Croce, La rivoluzione napoletana del 1799. Biografie, racconti e ricerche, Bari, Laterza, 1961.
  Mario Forgione, Masaniello, Naples, Edi, 1994.
  Mario Forgione, Napoli Ducale, Rome, Newton & Compton, 1997.
  Mario Forgione, I viceré 1503-1707. Cronache irriverenti di due secoli di dominazione spagnola a Napoli, Tempolungo, Naples, 1998.
  Mario Forgione, Eleonora Pimentel Fonseca, Newton & Compton, Rome, 1999.
  Mario Forgione, Luisa Sanfelice, Newton & Compton, Rome, 1999.
  Mario Forgione, Donne della rivoluzione napoletana del 1799, Tempolungo, Naples, 1999.
  .
  Nico Perrone, Il truglio. Infami, delatori e pentiti nel Regno di Napoli, Sellerio, Palerme, 2000 .
  Nico Perrone, La Loggia della Philantropia. Un religioso danese a Napoli prima della rivoluzione, Sellerio, Palerme, 2006 .
  Nico Perrone, L'inventore del trasformismo. Liborio Romano, strumento di Cavour per la conquista di Napoli, Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli, 2009 .
  Pasquale Villani, « Il Decennio francese », dans Storia del Mezzogiorno, vol. IV, tome II, Il Regno dagli Angoini ai Borboni, Rome 1986.

Articles connexes

 Royaume de Naples (1282-1806)
 Royaume de Naples (1806-1815)
 Liste des rois de Naples
 Liste des reines et rois consorts napolitains
 Royaume des Deux-Siciles
 Armée du royaume de Naples (1806-1815)

 Histoire de Naples
 Liste des anciens États italiens
 Mezzogiorno

Liens externes

 ..
 .
 .
 ..

Naples
Naples
Naples
Histoire de la Campanie
Royaume de Naples
Naples
Naples
Naples

Royaume de Naples (1815-1816)


Preah Vihear (, UNGEGN: Preăh Vĭhar, ALA-LC: Braḥ Vihār ; lit. 'sacred sanctuary') is a province (khaet) of Cambodia. It borders the provinces of Oddar Meanchey and Siem Reap to the west, Kampong Thom to the south and Stung Treng to the east. Its northern boundary forms part of Cambodia's international border with Thailand and Laos. Its capital is Preah Vihear.

Description
The province is named after the temple of Prasat Preah Vihear. The Dângrêk Mountains and the Cambodia/Thailand border are in the north of Preah Vihear province.

Preah Vihear is one of the nine provinces that are part of the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve.

On 15 April 2016, Preah Vihear recorded a temperature of , which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Cambodia.

Administrative divisions
The province is divided into seven districts and one municipality, further divided into 51 communes.

Sites
 Koh Ker complex: Koh Ker was once the capital city of Khmer Empire
 Bakan or Preah Khan Kompong Svay complex: 105 kilometres southwest of the provincial town, built under the reign of King Suryavarman I (1002–1050)
 Noreay Temples: five 7th-century temples made of Sandstone, laterite and brick, 32 kilometres northeast of the town.
 Phnom Pralean temple: a temple built to worship Brahmanism, on top of a 180 metres hill
 Neak Buos temple: 75 kilometres north of Tbaeng Meanchey
 Krapum Chhouk temple: built in the 10th century in laterite and stone, 45 kilometres south of Tbaeng Meanchey
 Kork Beng temple: a ruined laterite and sandstone temple built between 936 and 951 by a commander named Kork on the order of King Jayavarman IV
 Wat Peung Preah Ko: a place of worship in beautiful natural surroundings believed to possess strong supernatural powers.
 Preah Vihear Temple: built in the 12th century, located between Thailand and Cambodia. It was listed as World Heritage Site in 2008.

References

External links
 Preah-Vihear.com - Preah Vihear Temple and the Thai's Misunderstanding of the World Court Judgment of 15 June 1962

Provinces of Cambodia

Preah Vihear province


Sensitive may refer to:

 Mister Sensitive, Murat Demir, a fictional character
 Psychic, a person who professes an ability to perceive information through extrasensory perception
 "Sensitive" (song), a 1989 song by The Field Mice
 "Sensitive", a 2022 song by Meghan Trainor from the album Takin' It Back
 "Sensitive", a 1983 song by Re-Flex from the album The Politics of Dancing
 "Sensitive", a 2016 song by Robbie Williams from the album The Heavy Entertainment Show

See also

 Sensitivity (disambiguation)

Sensitive


Laban Moiben (* 1983) ist ein kenianischer Marathonläufer.

2006 wurde er Fünfter beim Toronto Waterfront Marathon. Im Jahr darauf wurde er Zweiter beim Country Music Marathon und siegte beim Montreal-Marathon und beim California International Marathon. 2008 folgte einem Sieg beim Los-Angeles-Marathon ein achter Platz beim Rock 'n' Roll Marathon, 2009 wurde er Vierter beim Ottawa-Marathon und Zweiter beim San-Antonio-Marathon.

2010 verbesserte er als Zweiter in Ottawa seinen persönlichen Rekord um mehr als vier Minuten auf 2:09:44 h. Im Herbst kam er beim Chicago-Marathon auf den siebten Platz. In der darauffolgenden Saison gelang ihm nach einem dritten Platz in Los Angeles ein Sieg in Ottawa. 2012 gewann er den Mumbai-Marathon und verteidigte seinen Titel in Ottawa.

Weblinks

 Athletenporträt auf marathoninfo.free.fr

Fußnoten

Marathonläufer (Kenia)
Leichtathlet (Kenia)
Kenianer
Mann
Geboren 1983

Laban Moiben


8 es una obra de teatro estadounidense creada por Dustin Lance Black, que recrea los argumentos legales y testimonios de testigos del juicio Perry vs Schwarzenegger, que declaró a la Proposición 8 de California inconstitucional. Fue creada en vista de la negativa del sistema judicial federal estadounidense para permitir la liberación de las grabaciones de vídeo del juicio, y dar al público una visión realista de lo que ocurrió en la sala.

La obra está escrita en el estilo de teatro palabra por palabra, con las transcripciones originales del proceso y los registros de periodistas, junto con entrevistas a los demandantes, demandados y los autores implicados. 8 se estrenó por primera vez en el Teatro Eugene O'Neill en Nueva York el 19 de septiembre de 2011, y luego fue transmitida en vivo, en todo el mundo por Youtube, desde la Ebell of Los Angeles el 3 de marzo de 2012.

La Fundación Americana para la Igualdad de Derechos (AFER) y Broadway Impact, los patrocinadores de la obra, tienen la licencia para su lectura en los campus universitarios y en teatros de la comunidad.

Contexto
En mayo de 2009, la AFER presentó una demanda, Perry v Schwarzenegger, en el Tribunal de Distrito de los Estados Unidos para el Distrito del Norte de California en nombre de dos parejas de mismo sexo, para desafiar a la Proposición 8, una enmienda constitucional aprobada por los votantes que eliminó a las parejas de mismo sexo el derecho a contraer matrimonio. Las parejas de mismo sexo estaban representados por David Boies, y el ex procurador general de EE.UU., Theodore Olson, dos abogados de alto perfil que se oponían entre sí en el caso de Corte Suprema de EE.UU., Bush v. Gore.

Durante el juicio, los demandantes presentaron a los testigos expertos, que nueve jueces de la corte encontraron que fueron ampliamente calificados para ofrecer testimonios de opinión sobre los temas identificados y ofrecen una creíble opinión testimonial sobre los temas mencionados. La defensa presentó solo dos testigos como expertos. David Blankenhorn, que había sido autorizado a testificar, fue juzgado en última instancia por carecer de los requisitos para ofrecer una opinión testimonial. Y el tribunal consideró que las opiniones de Kenneth P. Miller sobre el poder político de gays y lesbianas tenían poco peso. Los oponentes al matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo no pudieron proporcionar pruebas fidedignas que demostraran su afirmación de que los matrimonios entre personas del mismo sexo perjudiquen a la sociedad o a la institución del matrimonio.

El 4 de agosto de 2010, el juez Vaughn Walker, Jefe de la Corte de Distrito, dictaminó que la Proposición 8 viola el debido proceso y las cláusulas de igualdad de protección de la Decimocuarta Enmienda a la Constitución de los Estados Unidos, y que no había ninguna razón legítima para negar a las parejas del mismo sexo el derecho fundamental del matrimonio.

Personajes
 Vaughn R. Walker - Juez
 Brad Pitt (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Bob Balaban (Broadway)
 Theodore Olson - Abogado de los Demandantes
 Martin Sheen (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 John Lithgow (Broadway)
 David Boies - Abogado de los Demandantes
 George Clooney (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Morgan Freeman (Broadway)
 Kris Perry - Demandante
 Christine Lahti (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Christine Lahti (Broadway)
 Sandy Stier - Demandante
 Jamie Lee Curtis (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Ellen Barkin (Broadway)
 Spencer Perry - hijo del demandante
 Bridger Zadina (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Jay Armstrong Johnson (Broadway)
 Elliot Perry - hijo del demandante
 Jansen Panettiere (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Ben Rosenfeld (Broadway)
 Jeff Zarrillo - Demandante
 Matthew Bomer (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Matthew Bomer (Broadway)
 Paul Katami - Demandante
 Matthew Morrison (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Cheyenne Jackson (Broadway)
 Dr. Gregory M. Herek - Testigo de los demandantes (la naturaleza de la homosexualidad, orientación sexual)
 Rory O'Malley (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 K. Todd Freeman (Broadway)
 Dr. Nancy Cott - Testigo de los demandantes (la historia del matrimonio)
 Yeardley Smith (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Yeardley Smith (Broadway)
 Dr. Ilan Meyer - Testigo de los Demandantes (experto en estrés en las minorías, impactos de la estigmatización)
 Jesse Tyler Ferguson (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Anthony Edwards (Broadway)
 Ryan Kendall - Testigo de los Demandantes (obligado a someterse a una "terapia de conversión" en su juventud)
 Chris Colfer (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Rory O'Malley (Broadway)
 Dr. Gary Segura - Testigo de los demandantes (la vulnerabilidad de gais y lesbianas en el proceso político de la nación)
 James Pickens, Jr. (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Stephen Spinella (Broadway)
 Charles J. Cooper - Abogado de la Defensa
 Kevin Bacon (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Bradley Whitford (Broadway)
 David Blankenhorn - Testigo de la Defensa (el matrimonio es una institución socialmente aprobada, las relaciones sexuales entre el hombre y la mujer)
 John C. Reilly (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Rob Reiner (Broadway)
 William Tam - Testigo de la Defensa (el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo conduce a la poligamia, la pedofilia y el incesto)
 George Takei (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Ken Leung (Broadway)
 Maggie Gallagher - Presidente de la Organización Nacional por el Matrimonio (opositor de los matrimonios entre personas del mismo sexo)
 Jane Lynch (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Jayne Houdyshell (Broadway)
 Evan Wolfson - Fundador de Freedom to Marry
 Cleve Jones (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Larry Kramer (Broadway)
 Periodista
 Campbell Brown (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Campbell Brown (Broadway)
 Secretario de la corte
 Vanessa García (Ebell of Los Angeles)
 Kate Shindle (Broadway)

Véase también
 Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en California
 Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en Estados Unidos
 Proposición 8

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial
 "8": A Play about the Fight for Marriage Equality

8
8
Legislación sobre temas LGBT
Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en Estados Unidos
Obras de teatro de Estados Unidos
Proposiciones de California
8
8
8
Obras literarias con temática LGBT de 2011

8 (obra de teatro)


Ereğli Müzesi, aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

 Karadeniz Ereğli Müzesi, Zonguldak ilinin Ereğli ilçesinde yer alan müze
 Konya Ereğli Müzesi, Konya ili Ereğli ilçesinde yer alan müze

Ereğli Müzesi


O Güilá Zapoteco (Zapoteco de San Pablo Güilá, Zapoteco de San Dionisio Ocotepec) é uma Zapoteca falada por cerca de 9.500 pessoas em e Oaxaca, México. É falada na cidade de San Pablo Güilá, distrito de Tlacolula, Oaxaca, México.

Uma forma estreitamente relacionada ( dialeto), mas não idêntica, de zapoteca é falada na cidade adjacente de San Dionísio Ocotepec por cerca de 5 mil pessoas.

Escrita
A língua usa o alfabeto latino sem as letras F, J, V. Usam-se as formas Ch, LL, Rr, Ts

Amostra de texto
Ra'ta ra bu:unny ra:aaly liebr cëhnn te'bloh deree'ch cëhnn dignidaa. Ra:alyne:erih gahll ri:e:eny cëhnn saalyb, chiru' na:a pahr ga:annza'crih loh sa'rih.

Português

dos os seres humanos nascem livres e iguais em dignidade e direitos. Eles são dotados de razão e consciência e devem agir uns para com os outros com espírito de fraternidade. (Artigo 1º da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos)

Notas

Bibliografia
Arellanes, Francisco. 2009. El sistema fonológico y las propriedades fonéticas del zapoteco de San Pablo Güilá. Descripción y análisis formal. Tesis doctoral. Colegio de México.
 Broadwell, George A. 2001. "Optimal order and pied-piping in San Dionicio Zapotec." In Peter Sells, ed. Formal and Empirical Issues in Optimality Theoretic Syntax, pp. 197–123. Stanford: CSLI Publications.
 Broadwell, George A. 2005. The morphology of Zapotec pronominal clitics.in Rosemary Beam de Azcona and Mary Paster, eds. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, Report 13: Conference on Otomanguean and Oaxacan Languages, pp. 15–35. University of California at Berkeley.
 Broadwell, George Aaron and Luisa Martinez. 2014. Online dictionary of San Dionisio Ocotepec Zapotec
López Crus, Ausencia. 1997. Morfología verbal de San Pablo Güilá.  Thesis. Escuela Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. Mexico City.

Ligações externas
MesoAmerican Language Collection of George Aaron Broadwell at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America, including recordings and transcripts of a native speaker of San Dionisio Ocotepec Zapotec.
[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/zapotec-guila.htm Güilá Zapotec em Omniglot.com.
Dialeto  de San Dionísio Ocotepec em Oniglot.com
Güilá Zapotec em Ehnologue
Güilá Zapotec em Biblio-rep.colmex
[https://www.academia.edu/41944316/Formación_de_nombres_en_zapoteco_de_San_Pablo_Güilá_basada_en_nombres_
hispánicos_Datos_en_favor_de_la_Teoría_de_la_Correspondencia Formação de nomes Güilá Zapotec]
[https://www.webonary.org/sandionisiozapotec/en/overview/introduction/ Güilá Zapotec em Webomary.

 Güilá Zapotec
 Güilá Zapotec
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Povos originários)
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mais Povos Originários)

Língua guilá zapoteco


Carlos Mayor (født 5. oktober 1965) er en tidligere argentinsk fodboldspiller og træner.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Argentina

Carlos Mayor