El saltarín cabecirrojo norteño (Ceratopipra mentalis), también denominado manaquín cabeza roja (en México), saltarín cabecirrojo (en México, Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Colombia), saltarín coronirroja (en Honduras) o saltarín de capa roja,  es una especie de ave paseriforme perteneciente al género Ceratopipra de la familia Pipridae. Es nativo de  América Central y el noroeste de Sudamérica. El macho tiene un comportamiento de cortejo inusual en el cual se mueve rápidamente hacia atrás, semejante a un paso de baile popularizado por Michael Jackson conocido como "moonwalk".

Descripción
Es un ave pequeña que mide 10 cm de longitud y que pesa 16 g. El plumaje del macho es principalmente negro, la cabeza y la nuca de color rojo brillante. Los muslos son de color amarillo brillante, la barbilla y los revestimientos de las alas son amarillo pálido.
La hembra es verde oliva opaco por encima, mientras que las partes inferiores son de color verde amarillento. Ambos sexos tienen patas de color marrón. El iris de los machos es de color blanco, mientras que el de la hembra y los juveniles es de color marrón.

Distribución y hábitat
Su área de distribución abarca desde el sureste de México, por Guatemala, Belice, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá, hasta el oeste de Colombia y Ecuador.

Vive en bosque húmedo tropical y subtropical donde frecuenta típicamente los niveles bajos e intermedios; principalmente abajo de los 500  de altitud.

Comportamiento

Alimentación
Se alimenta principalmente de pequeños frutos y bayas de las familias Aracea, Melastomataceae, Rubiácea, Annonaceae (Guatteria), Heliconia. También se alimenta de insectos que atrapa del follaje.

Reproducción
La temporada de reproducción es de marzo a julio. La hembra construye un nido en forma de taza a una altura de 1,5 y 10 metros en el bosque. Pone 2 huevos de color grisáceo oscuro, moteado de café. Solo la hembra incuba los huevos y cría los polluelos, sin ayuda del macho.

Es una especie de ave solitaria, excepto durante el cortejo. En la temporada de reproducción los machos se mantienen en lugares fijos -separados entre sí de 3 a 30 metros- y forman arenas de cortejo (o leks) en las que demuestran su baile de cortejo a la hembras, moviéndose sobre ramas delgadas o en ocasiones sobre el suelo. En su baile de cortejo el macho se mueve rápidamente hacia atrás o hacia los lados sobre una rama delgada desplazándose con pequeños saltillos casi imperceptibles, dando la impresión de que ejecuta un paso de baile humano conocido como "moonwalk de Michael Jackson".

Sistemática

Descripción original
La especie C. mentalis fue descrita por primera vez por el ornitólogo británico Philip Lutley Sclater en 1857 bajo el nombre científico Pipra mentalis; localidad tipo «Córdoba, Veracruz, México».

Taxonomía
Los datos genéticos indican una relación próxima con Ceratopipra erythrocephala, y estas dos siendo hermanas del par formado por C. rubrocapilla y C. chloromeros.

Subespecies
Según la clasificación del Congreso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC) y Clements Checklist v.2015, se reconocen tres subespecies, con su correspondiente distribución geográfica:

 Ceratopipra mentalis ignifera (, 1901) - desde el sureste de México (sur de Veracruz) hacia el sur, en la pendiente caribeña, hasta el este de Costa Rica.
 Ceratopipra mentalis mentalis (, 1857) - Panamá, principalmente del lado caribeño.
 Ceratopipra mentalis minor (, 1898) - oeste de Colombia y oeste de Ecuador.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Video mostrando comportamiento de cortejo, (en inglés), siendo considerado un auténtico Moonwalk (baile) en el mundo animal.
 Videos, fotos y sonidos de Ceratopipra mentalis en The Internet Bird Collection.
 Sonidos y mapa de distribución de Dixiphia mentalis en xeno-canto.

mentalis
Aves de América Central
Aves de América del Sur
Animales descritos en 1857
Taxones descritos por Philip Lutley Sclater

Ceratopipra mentalis


Slime Rancher 2 é um videogame de aventura de simulação de vida em primeira pessoa desenvolvido e publicado pelo estúdio indie americano Monomi Park. Slime Rancher 2 é a sequência direta de seu antecessor, Slime Rancher (2017). Apresenta a personagem jogável e protagonista principal de Slime Rancher, Beatrix LeBeau explorando um novo local chamado "Ilha Arco-Íris". O jogo foi lançado em acesso antecipado em 22 de setembro de 2022 para Xbox Series X/S e Microsoft Windows através da Microsoft Store, Steam e Epic Games Store .

Jogabilidade
Em um mundo aberto, o jogador controla a personagem "Beatrix LeBeau", uma fazendeira que se mudou do planeta Terra para um planeta distante para viver a vida de uma fazendeira de slimes, centrado na construção de ranchos e na exploração do meio ambiente, a fim de coletar, alimentar e procriar slimes, organismos vivos gelatinosos de vários tamanhos e características.

O jogo gira em torno de alimentar os slimes com a comida correta para que eles possam produzir "plorts", que podem ser vendidos em troca de Newbucks, uma moeda necessária para comprar atualizações para o rancho e seus equipamentos. Existem diferentes tipos de slimes no mundo, incluindo alguns introduzidos para Slime Rancher 2.   Slimes reagem e mudam com base no que são alimentados.

Desenvolvimento e lançamento
Slime Rancher 2 foi revelado em 13 de junho de 2021, tendo sido apresentado durante o Xbox & Bethesda Games Showcase 2021.   Durante o Xbox & Bethesda Games Showcase 2022, mais informações sobre o jogo foram reveladas, juntamente com uma data de lançamento projetada para o outono de 2022.  Slime Rancher 2 foi lançado em acesso antecipado em 22 de setembro de 2022 para Microsoft Windows e Xbox Series X/S .

Slime Rancher 2 usa o motor de jogo Unity.  Ele utiliza o novo pipeline de renderização em alta definição do Unity   uma pipeline de renderização que lida com recursos gráficos. Isso exigiu uma abordagem completamente nova para o pipeline gráfico em comparação com a usada no jogo anterior.

Referências

Jogos eletrônicos com acesso antecipado
Jogos eletrônicos de mundo aberto
Jogos eletrônicos para um jogador
Jogos eletrônicos desenvolvidos nos Estados Unidos
Jogos eletrônicos com protagonistas femininas
Jogos para Windows
Jogos para Xbox Cloud Gaming
Jogos eletrônicos de ficção científica
Jogos eletrônicos independentes
Sequências de jogos eletrônicos

Slime Rancher 2


An Thrasya stricta in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Alasdair Graham Burman. An Thrasya stricta in nahilalakip ha genus nga Thrasya, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Thrasya

Thrasya stricta


Pentacomia es un género de coleópteros adéfagos de la familia Carabidae.

Especies
Contiene las siguientes especies:

 Pentacomia biguttata (Dejean, 1825)
 Pentacomia brasiliensis (Dejean, 1825)
 Pentacomia brevipennis (W. Horn, 1907)
 Pentacomia brzoskai Wiesner, 1999
 Pentacomia championi Bates, 1881
 Pentacomia chrysamma Bates, 1872
 Pentacomia conformis (Dejean, 1831)
 Pentacomia cribrata (Brulle, 1837)
 Pentacomia cupricollis (Kollar, 1836)
 Pentacomia cupriventris (Reiche, 1842)
 Pentacomia cyaneomarginata (W. Horn, 1900)
 Pentacomia degandei (Tatum, 1851)
 Pentacomia discrepans (W. Horn, 1893)
 Pentacomia distigma (Dejean, 1825)
 Pentacomia distincta (Dejean, 1831)
 Pentacomia drechseli Sawada & Wiesner, 1997
 Pentacomia egregia (Chaudoir, 1835)
 Pentacomia horni Schilder, 1953
 Pentacomia lacordairei (Gory, 1833)
 Pentacomia lanei (W. Horn, 1924)
 Pentacomia leptalis (Bates, 1881)
 Pentacomia nigrimarginata Huber, 1999
 Pentacomia pearsoni Wiesner, 1999
 Pentacomia pentacomioides (W. Horn, 1900)
 Pentacomia prepusula (W. Horn, 1907)
 Pentacomia procera (Chaudoir, 1860)
 Pentacomia pseudochrysis (W. Horn, 1929)
 Pentacomia punctum (Klug, 1834)
 Pentacomia reductesignata W. Horn, 1905
 Pentacomia rhytidopteroides (W. Horn, 1906)
 Pentacomia rietscheli Wiesner, 2007
 Pentacomia rugipennis (Kollar, 1836)
 Pentacomia sericina (Klug, 1834)
 Pentacomia smaragdula (Dejean, 1825)
 Pentacomia speculifera (Brulle, 1837)
 Pentacomia vallicola Huber, 1999
 Pentacomia ventralis (Dejean, 1825)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 ION
 Nomenclator Zoologicus

Prothymina

Pentacomia


Bernard Pineau (né le ) est un coureur cycliste français, actif dans les années 1970 et 1980. Il fut l'un des meilleurs amateurs français durant cette période.

Biographie
Bernard Pineau est issu d'une famille de cyclistes. Son père Jules est lui-même un ancien coureur cycliste, tout comme ses oncles Jacques et Paul.

Il a évolué au Guidon Agenais, à l'US Tonneins, à l'US Talence ainsi qu'au CC Marmande. En 1982 et 1983, il remporte la Palme d'or Merlin-Plage, qui désignait le meilleur coureur amateur en France. Resté amateur, il s'est toutefois distingué chez les professionnels en terminant deuxième du Tour du Limousin 1980. Il a été sélectionné en équipe de France, notamment pour le Tour de l'Avenir ou les championnats du monde amateurs.

Après sa carrière sportive, il connait divers démêlés avec la justice française. En 2009, il écope d'une peine de six mois de prison ferme par le tribunal judiciaire de Pau pour vols aggravés. En 2013, il est condamné à deux ans de prison ferme par le tribunal correctionnel d'Agen dans une affaire d'escroquerie.

Palmarès

 1974
 Boucles du Bas-Limousin
 Grand Prix de Puy-l'Évêque
 1976
 Boucles du Bas-Limousin
 Grand Prix de Puy-l'Évêque
1978
 Prix Albert-Gagnet
  du Grand Prix Pierre-Pinel
  du Grand Prix de l'Équipe et du CV
  de Paris-Mantes
 1979
 Tour de l'Yonne :
 Classement général
 Une étape
  du Tour du Béarn
 1980
 Grand Prix Récapet
 Boucles du Tarn
  du championnat d'Aquitaine
  du Tour du Limousin
  de la Palme d'or Merlin-Plage
 1981
 Ronde de l'Isard
 Tour de Corrèze
 Grand Prix de Puy-l'Évêque
  de la Flèche finistérienne
  de Bordeaux-Saintes
  de Troyes-Dijon
  du Tour du Béarn

 1982
 Palme d'or Merlin-Plage
 Boucles catalanes
 Boucles du Tarn
 Tour du Béarn :
 Classement général
  (contre-la-montre par équipes)
 Tour Toulouse-Pyrénées
  de la Flèche finistérienne
  du Tour d'Auvergne
 1983
 Palme d'or Merlin-Plage
 Circuit du Morbihan
 Grand Prix de la Tomate
 Tour du Gévaudan
 Grand Prix de Puy-l'Évêque
 Paris-Épernay
  de la Ronde du Vélo d'or
  du Grand Prix des Fêtes de Coux-et-Bigaroque
  du Tour du Béarn
  du Grand Prix de Cours-la-Ville
  de la Ronde de l'Isard
 1984
 Paris-Bagnoles-de-l'Orne
  de La Pyrénéenne
  du Trophée de la Montagne bourbonnaise
  du Grand Prix de Puy-l'Évêque
  de la Ronde du Pays basque

Notes et références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste français
Naissance en juin 1954

Bernard Pineau


أفلام الرعب هي الأفلام التي تثير مشاعر الرعب والخوف في نفس المشاهد، ويظهر في أفلام الرعب الكثير من الأشياء المرعبة مثل قوى شيطانية، وأحداث خارقة للطبيعة وأشباح لا تكون موجودة عادة في الحياة اليومية العادية، وعادة يكون هناك شخص شرير يقوم بدور البطولة في فيلم الرعب، كما تمتاز أفلام الرعب بالمؤثرات البصرية والصوتية.

نبعت أفلام الرعب الأولى وشخصياتها من الأدب الكلاسيكي وأشهرها دراكولا، وفرانكنشتاين، والمومياء، والرجل الذئب وزومبي، وتلا هذه المرحلة العديد من الأفلام التي استقت أفكارها من أوضاع الحرب العالمية الثانية.

تأثير مشاهدة أفلام الرعب
يختلف الناس في ميولهم تجاه أفلام الرعب بين مولع بها وكاره لها. ويرى بعض العلماء أن هذا التباين يعود إلى تناقضات هرمونية نتيجة حدوث خلل في التوازن بين هرمون الأدرينالين وهرمون الأندروفين، فعندما يدرك المخ أن هناك تهديداً ما فإنه يبعث بإشارات إلى الجسم لطرح دفعة قوية من هرمون الأدرينالين، وإذا أدرك الشخص أن هذا التهديد ليس حقيقياً يقوم هرمون الأندروفين بتحويل عملية الخوف إلى نوع من المتعة، أما في حال عدم فرز ما يكفي من الهرمون الأخير فإن عملية الخوف قد تتحول إلى كابوس مرعب يترك تداعيات صحية، جسدية ونفسية.

التأثير السلبي
ومن بين التأثيرات الجسدية التي يتركها الرعب على الشخص: ارتفاع ضغط الدم، وتسرّع النبض، وتعرّق اليدين، وتشنّج العضلات، وهبوط حرارة الجسم. أما التأثيرات النفسية فتضم: القلق، والأرق، والكوابيس، والخوف بشتى أنواعه، وربما الخوف من الموت وصعوبات حياتية على مختلف الأصعدة، بل هناك مختصون لا يكفون عن القول إن مشاهدة أفلام الرعب تجعل حواس الشخص تعتاد على العدوان وتخرّب الحس الطبيعي للتعامل مع مواقف الخوف التي يواجهها الإنسان، ما يجعله أكثر قابلية للقيام بها أو تقبّلها.

وفي دراسة حديثة نشرتها الدورية الطبية البريطانية، أوضح علماء من جامعة ليدن الهولندية أن أفلام الرعب يمكن أن تشجع على حدوث تخثر الدم. الدراسة شملت 30 متطوعاً، 14 منهم شاهدوا أفلام رعب مدتها ساعة ونصف الساعة، في حين أن العشرة الآخرين شاهدوا أفلام فيديو قصيرة محايدة. وبعدها جرى قلب الأدوار بحيث شاهد أفراد المجموعة الأولى الأفلام القصيرة المحايدة بينما شاهد أفراد المجموعة الثانية أفلام الرعب. وبعد مشاهدة كل فيلم كان الباحثون يأخذون عينات دم من المشاركين من أجل تحليلها، فجاءت النتائج مثيرة للاهتمام، إذ سجل المشرفون على الدراسة، عند أكثر من نصف مشاهدي أفلام الرعب، زيادة ملحوظة في مستوى العامل الثامن الذي يشجع على تخثر الدم، وهذا ما يزيد من احتمال التعرض للجلطات الدموية.

وأظهرت نتيجة في دراسة أجراها البروفسور فيشوف أستاذ الطب النفسي بجامعة كاليفورنيا، ومحرر الجريدة الإلكترونية Journal of Media Psychology، أن السبب الرئيس الذي يدفع إلى الولع بأفلام الرعب وتفضيلها على غيرها هو عامل التشويق والإثارة. وبحسب فيشوف فإن الرغبة في البحث عن كل ما هو مشوّق ومثير هي التي تجعل الشباب يشاهدون أفلام الرعب، لكن هذه الرغبة تقل كلما تقدم الإنسان في العمر، ولهذا فإن البالغين في منتصف العمر يكونون أقل إقبالاً على مثل هذه الأفلام، ربما لأنهم يرون الحياة أنها مخيفة بما فيه الكفاية وأنهم ليسوا بحاجة إلى المزيد من الخوف والتوتر والقلق. وتفيد نتائج الدراسة بأن كثيرين من الشباب والمراهقين يقبلون على مشاهدة أفلام الرعب ليس لغرض الإثارة فقط، وإنما لرغبتهم في تعلم كيفية التحكم بمشاعر الخوف أو الهلع عند التعرض لمواقف مشابهة. وأشارت الدراسة أيضاً إلى أن هناك نسبة كبيرة من بين الأشخاص الذين يميلون إلى ذرف الدموع وإطلاق الصرخات والأصوات العالية يجدون متعة كبيرة أثناء مشاهدة أفلام الرعب.

التأثير الإيجابي
وكشفت دراسة نشرت في عام 2011م في صحيفة «تايمز» الهندية أن مشاهدة أفلام الرعب يمكن أن تكون جيدة لصحة المرأة النفسية والدماغية، لأن الدماغ يفرز مجموعة من الهرمونات التي تزيد من نشاط الدماغ الذي يعتبر حالة الرعب فترة تأهب موقتة لا تزيد على نصف ساعة سرعان ما تنتهي ليعم الهدوء في الجسم ويصبح الجهاز المناعي أكثر قوة من قبل.

ويذهب علماء من جامعة وستمنستر البريطانية إلى أبعد من ذلك بقولهم إن مشاهدة أفلام الرعب تساعد على حرق نحو 200 سعرة حرارية، أو ما يعادل قطعة من الشوكولا في الساعة الواحدة. وخلص الباحثون إلى هذه النتيجة بقياس إجمالي الطاقة المبذولة لعشرة أشخاص مختلفين شاهدوا مجموعة مختارة من الأفلام المخيفة والمرعبة. وسجل العلماء معدل ضربات القلب وكمية الأوكسيجين وثاني أوكسيد الكربون، ولاحظوا أن عدد السعرات الحرارية المفقودة زاد بنسبة الثلث خلال مشاهدة الأفلام.

وقال الدكتور ريتشارد ماكنزي، أستاذ علم الفيزيولوجيا في جامعة وستمنستر، معلقاً على النتائج، أن أفلام الرعب التي استخدمت في الدراسة، أظهرت تأثيراً ملحوظاً بين الزيادة في معدل ضربات القلب وضخ الدم في جميع أنحاء الجسم في شكل أسرع وبين خسارة السعرات الحرارية.

وأكدت الدراسة فائدة أفلام الرعب في حرق السعرات الحرارية، وِأن تعرض الشخص إلى محفزات مخيفة، يساعد الجسم على إفراز هرمون الأدرينالين بشكلٍ كبير، لأن المشاهد المخيفة التي يراها فجأة تدفع الجهاز العصبي إلى التفاعل معها إما عبر المحاربة، أو الفرار، وعند حدوث هذه الاستجابة، يبدأ الجسم في حرق الدهون بهدف الحصول على الطاقة، ويُطلِق السكر في الدم، الأمر الذي يدفع إلى زيادة عملية الأيض، أي تحويل الغذاء إلى طاقة دون الحاجة إلى تدخُّل الأوكسجين في هذه العملية.

وفائدتها في تحسين المزاج، لأن مشاهدة أفلام الرعب تحفز الدماغ على إطلاق مواد كيميائية، مثل الدوبامين، والسيروتينين، والجلوتامين، التي تعمل نواقل عصبية، ويؤدي إفراز الأدرينالين الذي يشبه في تأثيره الأدوية المخدرة إلى تعزيز الصحة العقلية، بالتالي تحسين نفسية الشخص.

وفي اختبار أجراه الباحثون، تطلَّب أخذ عينات دم من مجموعة من الأشخاص قبل وأثناء وبعد مشاهدة فيلم رعب، وجدوا أن عدد كريات الدم البيضاء تزداد بشكل ملحوظ تماماً جراء ذلك، مثل ردة فعلها عند حدوث التهاب، أو عدوى.

كما أكد البروفيسور مارك جريفيث، اختصاصي الإدمان السلوكي في جامعة نوتنجهام ترينت في بريطانيا، أن مشاهدة فيلم رعب يعد متنفساً، ويزيل ما نشعر به من عواطف مكبوتة وتوتر وإحباط.

مراجع

أدب الرعب
أنواع الأفلام
إثارة
تشويق

فيلم رعب


Adam Douglas Driver (n. 19 noiembrie 1983, San Diego, California, SUA) este un actor și model american. Și-a făcut debutul pe Broadway cu piesa Profesiunea doamnei Warren (2010). Actorul s-a întors pe Broadway în 2011, în producția Man and Boy și și-a făcut debutul în cinematografie în filmul J. Edgar (2011). Driver a mai jucat, printre altele, în Lincoln (2012), Frances Ha (2012) și Inside Llewyn Davis (2013). În 2014, Driver a jucat în While We're Young și a câștigat Cupa Volpi pentru rolul său în Hungry Hearts  (2014).

În 2015 Driver l-a jucat pe Kylo Ren în Războiul stelelor - Episodul VII: Trezirea Forței. Pentru rolul lui Adam Sackler din seria Girls difuzată de HBO, Driver a primit trei nominalizări consecutive la Premiul Emmy pentru cel mai bun actor în rol secundar într-un serial de comedie.

Viața timpurie
Driver s-a născut în comitatul San Bernardino, California, la 19 noiembrie 1983, ca fiu al lui Nancy (născută Needham) Wright, avocat, și Joe Douglas Driver. Familia din partea tatălui este din Arkansas iar familia din partea mamei este din Indiana.

Când Driver avea șapte ani, s-a mutat cu mama lui și sora mai mare April în orașul ei natal din Mishawaka, Indiana. Driver a avut parte de o educație religioasă și a cântat în corul bisericii. Ca adolescent, Driver s-a descris ca fiind neconformist, și a cofondat un club de lupte cu prietenii săi, după ce a fost inspirat de filmul Fight Club.

La scurt timp după atacurile de la 11 septembrie, Driver s-a înrolat în Marina Statelor Unite El a servit timp de doi ani și opt luni. Driver a urmat cursurile Universității din Indianapolis pentru un an, după care s-a transferat la Școala Juilliard pentru a studia teatru. A absolvit cu o diplomă în arte în 2009.

Filmografie

Film

Televiziune

Jocuri video

Teatru

Referințe

Legături externe

 Adam Driver la broadwayworld.com

Nașteri în 1983
Nașteri pe 19 noiembrie
Americani de origine engleză
Americani de origine germană
Americani de origine irlandeză
Absolvenți ai Școlii Juilliard
Oameni în viață

Adam Driver


Gaziler, Sinop ilinin Türkeli ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1900 yılı kayıtlarında Táista, 1946 yılı kayıtlarında ise Dayista olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 93 km, Türkeli ilçe merkezine 7 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Türkeli belde ve köyleri

Gaziler, Türkeli


Sasaram (en hindi: सासाराम ) es una ciudad de la India, centro administrativo del distrito de Rohtas, en el estado de Bihar.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 114  a 161 km de la capital estatal, Patna, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 165 487 habitantes.

Referencias

Localidades de Bihar

Sasaram


Mesobuthus mesopotamicus est une espèce de scorpions de la famille des Buthidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce se rencontre en Irak, en Syrie et dans le Sud-Est de la Turquie.

Description
La femelle syntype mesure .

Le mâle décrit par Kovařík, Fet, Gantenbein, Graham, Yağmur, Šťáhlavský, Poverenni et Nouvruzov en 2022 mesure  et la femelle .

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite sous le protonyme Buthus eupeus mesopotamicus par Penther en 1912. Elle suit son espèce dans le genre Mesobuthus en 1950. Elle est placée en synonymie avec Mesobuthus eupeus phillipsii par Kovařík, Yağmur, Fet et Navidpour en 2011. Elle est relevée de synonymie et élevée au rang d'espèce par Kovařík, Fet, Gantenbein, Graham, Yağmur, Šťáhlavský, Poverenni et Nouvruzov en 2022.

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, la Mésopotamie.

Publication originale
 Penther, 1912 : « Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition nach Mesopotamien, 1910. Scorpiones. » Annalen des Kaiserlich-Königlichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums in Wien, , ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes
 The Scorpion Files : Jan Ove Rein, Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Notes et références

Buthidae
Espèce de scorpions (nom scientifique)

Mesobuthus mesopotamicus


Þráinsskjöldur er geysi mikil hraunbunga norðaustan undir Fagradalsfjalli á utanverðum Reykjanesskaga. Eldgígurinn er hraunfylltur og mjög ógreinilegur  en frá honum hefur runnið mikið hraun, Þráinsskjaldarhraun, sem þekur meira og minna allt land frá Fagradalsfjalli og til strandar í norðri. Það myndar ströndina alla utan frá Vogastapa og inn að Vatnsleysuvík. Nokkur móbergsfjöll standa upp úr hrauninu svo sem Keilir og Keilisbörn, Litli Keilir og Litli Hrútur. Þráinsskjöldur er dyngja, þ.e. eldstöð af svipaðri gerð og Skjaldbreiður, en vegna landslagsáhrifa hefur hann ekki náð að verða reglulegt hringmyndað eldfjall. Hraunið hefur komið upp um einn hringmyndaðan gíg eins og í flestum dyngjum. Úlit hraunsins og hraunstraumanna í því bendir til þess að kvikan sem upp kom hafi verið þunnfljótandi og gosið virðist hafa staðið lengi. Á þeim langa tíma sem liðinn er síðan hraunið rann hafa myndast mikil misgengi, sprungur og gjár í því.

Örnefnið Þráinsskjöldur er gamalt heiti á hraununum upp af Vatnsleysuströndinni og er nefnt í Ferðabók Eggerts Ólafssonar og Bjarna Pálssonar. Jón Jónsson jarðfræðingur gróf það úr gleymsku þegar hann kortlagði hraun Reykjanesskagans og notaði það yfir eldstöðina í heild. Þráinsskjöldur er því strangt til tekið eldfjall þótt fáir myndu vilja kalla þennan lága og flata hraunskjöld fjall. Hæstu nibbur á gígbörmum ná 238 m y.s.

Þráinsskjaldarhraun er stærsta hraunið á utanverðum Reykjanesskaga, flatarmál þess er um 135 km². Sjór hefur staðið allnokkru lægra við ströndina þegar hraunið rann en hann gerir nú. Hraunið nær víða einn til tvo km út fyrir ströndina. Talið er að flatarmál þess neðansjávar sé um 11 km². Heildarflaratmálið er því 146 km². Rúmmál hraunsins hefur verið áætlað rúmir 5 km³. Vogar og byggðin á Vatnsleysuströnd er á hrauninu. Þráinsskjaldarhraun er meðal elstu hrauna á Reykjanesskaga, það rann í ísaldarlok, á sama tíma og ísaldarjökullinn var að hopa af skaganum. Sýnilegt er að eftir að hraunið rann hefur jökullinn vaxið á ný og flætt út á austasta hluta þess en síðan hopað fljótt til baka og hörfað inn til lands. Aldursgreiningar á skeljum í sjávarseti undir hrauninu sýna að það er um 14.100 ára.

Heimildir
 Kristján Sæmundsson 1995. Um aldur stóru dyngnanna á utanverðum Reykjanesskaga. Í: Björn Hróarsson, Dagur Jónsson og Sigurður Sveinn Jónsson (ritstj.). Eyjar í eldhafi. Safn greina um náttúrufræði til heiðurs Jóni Jónssyni jarðfræðingi.  Gott mál hf. Reykjavík, bls. 165-172.
 Kristján Sæmundsson og Magnús Á. Sigurgeirsson. Reykjanesskagi. Í: Júlíus Sólnes (ritstj.) Náttúruvá á Íslandi. Eldgos og jarðskjálftar. Viðlagatrygging Íslands/Háskólaútgáfan, bls. 379-401.
 Kristján Sæmundsson, Haukur Jóhannesson, Árni Hjartarson, Sigurður Garðar Kristinsson og Magnús Á. Sigurgeirsson 2010. Jarðfræðikort af Suðvesturlandi 1:100.000. Íslenskar orkurannsóknir.
 Jón Jónsson 1978. Jarðfræðikort af Reykjanesskaga. Skýringar við Jarðfræðikort. OS-JHD-7831, Orkustofnun.

Tengill
 Þráinsskjöldur, kort sem sýnir staðsetningu (mynd frá geosite)

Eldfjöll á Íslandi
Reykjanes

Þráinsskjöldur


11706 Rijeka este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
11706 Rijeka este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Višnjan de Korado Korlević și M. Dusić. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,91 ua, o excentricitate de 0,06 și o înclinație de 2,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 11001-12000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Asteroizi Koronis

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

11706 Rijeka


Weverson Leandro Oliveira Moura (født 12. maj 1993) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Brasiliens fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Weverson Leandro Oliveira Moura


කොනාරක් (ඔඩියා: କୋଣାର୍କ) යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ඉන්දියාවේ ඔඩිෂා ප්‍රාන්තයේ පුරි දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පිහිටි හධ්‍ය ප්‍රමාණයේ නගරයකි. මෙය බෙංගාල බොක්ක අසල වෙරළ තීරයේ ප්‍රාන්ත අගනුවර වන භුබනේස්වර් සිට කිලෝමීටර 65ක් දුරින් පිහිටා තිබේ. 13වන සියවසේ Iවන නරසිංහදේව රජ සමයේ කළු ග්‍රැනයිට් පාෂාණයෙන් ඉදිකළ සූර්ය දේවාලය හෙවත් කළු පැගෝඩාව පිහිටියේ මෙහි ය. මෙම දේවාලය ලෝක උරුම අඩවියකි. වර්තමානයේ බෙහෙවින් නටබුන් බවට පත්ව ඇති මෙම දෙවොලේ ප්‍රතිමා එකතුවක් සූර්ය දේවාල කෞතුකාගාරයේ තබා ඇත. මෙය ක්‍රියාත්මක වන්නේ ඉන්දියාවේ පුරාවිද්‍යා සමීක්ෂණය මගිනි.

කොනාරක් නගරය කොනාරක් නර්තන උළෙල යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන් වාර්ෂික නර්තන උළෙල හේතුවෙන් ප්‍රකට වී ඇත. සෑම දෙසැම්බරයකම පැවැත්වෙන මෙම උත්සවය සම්භාව්‍ය ඉන්දියානු නර්තන ක්‍රම වෙනුවෙන් වෙන්කොට ඇත. මේ අතරට ඔඩිෂාහි සම්ප්‍රදායික නර්තන ක්‍රමයක් වන ඔඩිසි නර්තනය ද ඇතුළත් ය.

1980 පෙබරවාරි 16 දින, කොනාරක් නගරය පූර්ණ සූර්යග්‍රහණය දර්ශනය වූ මාර්ගය ඔස්සේ විය.

නිරුක්තිය

කොනාර්ක යන වදන පැන නැගී ඇත්තේ සංස්කෘත වදනක් වන කෝණ (අර්ථය කෝණය) සහ සූර්ය දෙවියන්ට පිදූ දෙවොල ආශ්‍රයෙන් අර්ක (අර්ථය සූර්යයා) යන වදන එක් වීමෙනි.

සූර්ය දේවාලය

13වන සියවසේ ඉදිවූ සූර්ය දේවාලය සූර්ය දෙවියන් වෙනුවෙන් පුදකළ දැවැන්ත රථයක් ලෙසින් සැලසුම් කෙරුණකි. මෙයට විසිතුරු කරන ලද රෝද යුගළ දොළසක් ඇති අතර, එය ඇදීමට අශ්ව රූ සතක් ඇත. මින් ඇතැම් රෝද මීටර 3ක් පමණ පළල් ය. වර්තමානයේ මෙහි වූ අශ්ව ප්‍රතිමා හතෙන් දක්නට ලැබෙන්නේ සයක් පමණි. 17වන සියවසේ මුල්කාලයේ මෝගල් ජහාන්ගිර් අධිරාජයගේ දූතයකු විසින් මෙම දේවාලය අවභාවිතයට ගෙන වනසා ඇත.

මෙම දේවාලය උච්චස්ථානයට පත්ව තිබූ සමයේ, මෙහි වන්දනාමාන කෙරුණු සූර්ය දෙවියන්ගේ ප්‍රධාන ප්‍රතිමාව මුදුනේ සවිකළ විශාල චුම්බකයකින් සහ පත්ළේ සවිකළ විශාල චුම්බකයකින් යුතුව අහසේ පාවෙන අයුරින් නිමවා කිබෙන්නට ඇතැයි සැලකේ.

දේව ප්‍රතිමාව මධ්‍යයේ දියමන්තියක් ඔබ්බවා තිබූ අතර, එයට හිරු එළිය පතිත වී පරාවර්තනය වූ බැව් විශ්වාස කෙරේ. 1627දී, ඛුර්දාහි රජු කොනාරක්හි සිට සූර්ය දේව ප්‍රතිමාව පූරිහි ජගන්නාත් දේවාලය වෙත රැගෙන ගියේ ය. මෙම කොනාරක් සූර්ය දේවාලය අයත් වන්නේ කාලිංග ගුරුකුලයේ ඉන්දියානු ගෘහනිර්මාණ ශෛලියට ය. මෙම සූර්ය දේවාලය ඉදි කොට ඇත්තේ නැගෙනහිර-බටහිර දිශාව ඔස්සේ ය. මෙහි ඇතුළු ශුද්ධස්ථාන හෙවත් විමාන, කුළුණක් හෙවත් ශිඛරයක් වටා පිහිටා තිබෙන්නට ඇත. නමුත් 19වන සියවසේ එය විනාශ කොට ඇත. මෙහි ශ්‍රවණාගාරය හෙවත් ජගමෝහන ශාලාව තවමත් පවතින අතර, නටබුන් අතුරින් බොහෝමයක් එයට අයත් ඒවායි. නෘත්‍ය ශාලාව හෙවත් නාට්මන්දීර්හි පියස්ස ඇද වැටී ඇත. මෙය නටබුන් පිහිටි පෙදෙසේ නැගෙනහිර අන්තයේ පිහිටා ඇති අතර, උස් වේදිකාවක එය ඉදිකර තිබිණි.

ඉතිහාසය
1559දී, මුකුන්දා ගජපති කත්තක්හි සිහසුනට පත් විය. ඔහු අක්බර් අධිරාජයාට පක්ෂපාතී වූ අතර, බෙංගාලයේ සුල්තාන් වූ සුලෙයිමාන් ඛාන් කරානිට සතුරුව ක්‍රියා කරන්නට වූයේ ය. සටන් කිහිපයකින් පසු, අවසානයේ ඕදිෂාව බිඳවැටිණි. මෙම බිඳ වැටීමට රාජ්‍යයේ අභ්‍යන්තර ව්‍යාකූළ ස්වභාවය ද හේතුවූයේ ය. 1568දී, සුල්තාන්ගේ සෙන්පතියකු වූ කාලපහාද්ගේ හමුදාව විසින් කොනාරක් දේවාලයට හානි සිදුකළ බැව් පැවසේ. කාලපහාද් විසින් මෙම ආක්‍රමණයේ දී තවත් දේවාල කිහිපයක් විනාශ කළ බැව් වාර්තා වේ.

ජනගහන විද්‍යාව
2011 ඉන්දියානු සංඛ්‍යාලේඛන අනුව, කොනාරක්හි ජනගහනය 16,779කි. මින් පුරුෂ ජනගහනය 8,654 (52%) වන අතර, ස්ත්‍රී ජනගහනය 8,125 (48%) ක් විය. 2001 ජනගහන වාර්තා අනුව, කොනාරක්හි සාමාන්‍ය සාක්ෂරතා ප්‍රතිශතය 57%කි. මෙය ඉන්දියාවේ ජාතික සාක්ෂරතා ප්‍රතිශතය වන 59.5%ට වඩා පහළ අගයයකි: මින් පුරුෂ සාක්ෂරතාව 64%කි. ස්ත්‍රීන්ගේ සාක්ෂරතාව 49%කි. කොනාරක් නගරයේ ජනගහනයෙන් 14%ක් අවුරුදු 6ට අඩු පුද්ගලයෝ වෙති.

සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය
කොනාරක් සුප්‍රකට සංචාරක ස්ථානයක් ලෙස සැලකේ. සංචාරකයන්හට භුබනේස්වර් හෝ පූරි සිට කොනාරක් වෙත ළඟා විය හැක. භුබනේස්වර් ගුවන්තොටුපළේ සිට කොනාරක් වෙත කිලෝමීටර 64ක දුරක් ඇති අතර, සුඛෝපභෝගී බස් රථ සේවා ද මුළු දිවා කාලය පුරා මෙහි ක්‍රියාත්මක ය. මීට සමගාමීව ටැක්සි සේවාවක් ද ක්‍රියාත්මක වේ. පූරි සිට කොනාරක් වෙත් ඇති දුර ප්‍රමාණය කිලෝමීටර 34ක් පමණ ය. පූරි දුම්රිය ස්ථානයේ සිට බසයක හෝ ටැක්සියක නැගී කොනාරක් වෙත ළඟ විය හැක. කොනාරක් වෙත දුම්රිය සේවා ද ක්‍රියාත්මක වුවත්, එය එතරම් ජනප්‍රිය නැත.

මේවාත් බලන්න
බුගුඩාහි බිරාන්චිනාරායන් දේවාලය, ඔඩිෂාහි පිහිටි තවත් සූර් දේවාලයකි.

සටහන් සහ ආශ්‍රේයයන්

වැඩිදුර කියවීමට
 ජී. සී. චෞලී, Sun Temple of Konark: History and Preservation ISBN 978-81-86867-73-0
 රංජන් කුමාර් සිං, Surya: The God and His Abode ISBN 81-903561-7-8

බාහිර සබැඳි

 කොනාරක්, ලෝක උරුම අඩවිය, යුනෙස්කෝ
 කොනාරක් (නිල අඩවිය), සංචාරක දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව, ඔඩිෂා රජය

ඔඩිෂාහි සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය
පුරි දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පුරවර සහ නගර
හින්දු ශුද්ධ නගර
හින්දු වන්දනා අඩවි
පුරි දිස්ත්‍රික්කය

කොනාරක්


Valkyrja er det syvende studiealbum fra det færøske viking folkmetal band Týr. Det blev udgivet d. 16. september 2013 via Metal Blade Records.

Spor

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Týr albums
Album fra 2013

Valkyrja (album)


Ovo je ratni dnevnik. Izvještava Pavo Urban je radio-drama Hrvoja Ivankovića i Hrvatskog radija iz 2012. godine.

Poticaj za snimanje radio-drame bilo je posljednje pismo koje je hrvatski fotograf Pavo Urban uputio svojoj djevojci. Smrtno je stradao u srpsko-crnogorskoj agresiji prosinca 1991. godine dok je snimao granatiranje svog rodnog Dubrovnika. Njegovo je posljednje pismo dvadesetak dana nakon što je poginuo primila njegova djevojka.

Priznanja
2012. godine nominirana je za nagradu Prix Europa.

Izvori

Hrvatske drame
Domovinski rat


Paulina Pouchkarouk est une actrice russe.

Biographie
En 2013, elle fut diplômée de l'Académie russe des arts du théâtre dans la classe de . La même année, elle fut engagée au  de Moscou.

Filmographie sélective

Cinéma
 2014 : Je ne reviendrai pas d'Ilmar Raag
 2014 : Coup de soleil de Nikita Mikhalkov
 2015 : L'Invité de Denis Rodimine
 2019 :  d'
 2020 :  d'
 2022 : Odnazhdy v pustyne d'Andreï Kravtchouk

Télévision
 2012 :  (Vie et destin)
 2014 : Inkvizitor (L'Inquisiteur)
 2015 :  (La Jeune garde)
 2015 :
 2017 : Filfak
 2018 :

Références

Liens externes

Actrice russe de télévision
Actrice russe de théâtre
Actrice russe de cinéma
Naissance en janvier 1991
Naissance à Moscou
Naissance en RSFS de Russie
Étudiant de l'Académie russe des arts du théâtre

Paulina Pouchkarouk


Galgate ist ein Ort in Lancashire, England. Der liegt knapp 5 km südlich der Stadt Lancaster und genau am südlichen Ende des Campus der Lancaster University.

Von den 1830er Jahren bis 1971 wurde in Galgate Seide gesponnen. English Heritage führt heute die Gebäude zweier dieser Spinnereien als Grade-II-listed-building. Die eine Spinnerei wurde 1830 von einer wassergetriebenen Kornmühle zu seiner Spinnerei umgebaut und stellte 1971 ihren Betrieb ein, der andere Betrieb wurde 1852 als Spinnerei gebaut und dient heute als Lagerhaus.

Der River Conder wird in Galgate unter dem Lancaster Canal hindurchgeführt, an dem es hier einen Hafen für die Kanalboote gibt.

Der Ort hatte bis 1939 einen Bahnhof der als Lancaster and Preston Junction Railway gegründeten Eisenbahnlinie, heute führt die West Coast Main Line ohne Halt durch den Ort und der nächste Bahnhof befindet sich in Lancaster.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise
 Galgate Silk Mill (I) bei English Heritage
 Galgate Silk Mill (II) bei English Heritage

Ort in Lancashire
Geographie (City of Lancaster)

Galgate


Toma Jalobă (n. 6 octombrie 1891, Transnistria – d. secolul al XX-lea) a fost un deputat din Sfatul Țării, organismul care a exercitat puterea legislativă în Republica Democratică Moldovenească, în perioada 1917-1918.

Studii
A avut studii primare.

Activitate
A fost membru în Comisiunea Județeană de expropriere și împroprietărire și primar rural. A luptat pentru dezrobirea Basarabiei de sub jug străin. În anul 1917 a luat parte la manifestațiile pentru alipirea Basarabiei la Patria Mamă.

A Participat la Congresul Ostășesc din 20 octombrie 1917 și la toate ședințele Sfatului Țării între 21 noiembrie 1917 și 26 ianuarie 1918, chiar dacă nu a avut mandat. A făcut parte din grupul de patrioți români transnistrieni care a convocat și organizat întâlnirea transnistrienilor la Tiraspol în ziua de 17 decembrie 1917, întâlnire la care a participat și o delegație din partea P.N.M. precum și Onisifor Ghibu.

Vezi și
 Sfatul Țării

Note

Bibliografie
 Figuri contemporane din Basarabia, vol. I-III, Editura ARPID, Chișinău, 1939
Chiriac, Alexandru, Membrii Sfatului Țării (1917-1918) - dicționar, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, București, 2001

Lectură suplimentară
 Cojocaru, Gheorghe E., Sfatul Țării - itinerar, Editura Civitas, Chișinău, 1998
 Colesnic, Iurie, Sfatul Țării - enciclopedie, Editura Museum, Chișinău, 1998
 Ciobanu, Ștefan, Unirea Basarabiei. Studiu și documente cu privire la mișcarea națională din Basarabia în anii 1917-1918, București, Cartea Românească, 1929

Legături externe
  Sfatul Țării

Nașteri în 1891
Decese în secolul al XX-lea
Istoria Basarabiei
Istoria României
Membri ai Sfatului Țării
Oameni ai Revoluției Ruse
Republica Democratică Moldovenească
Primari din România

Toma Jalobă


Nongpoh es una localidad de la India, centro administrativo del distrito de Ri Bhoi,en el estado de Meghalaya.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 545  a 53 km de la capital estatal, Shillong, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 16 090 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Meghalaya

Nongpoh


Caicassa (Caicassa) bezeichnet in Osttimor:

 eine Aldeia und Suco im Verwaltungsamt Fatuberlio, siehe Caicassa
 eine Aldeia im Suco Gugleur im Verwaltungsamt Maubara, siehe Cai-Cassa (Gugleur)
 eine Aldeia im Suco Lissadila im Verwaltungsamt Maubara, siehe Lissadila

Siehe auch
 Caicasa
 Caicasaico
 Caicassavou

Caicassa (Begriffsklärung)


Le dème de Kallídendro, en  / Dímos Kallídendrou, est un dème du district régional de Tríkala, en Thessalie, Grèce. Depuis  2010, il est fusionné au sein du dème de Tríkala.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Dème en Thessalie
Trikala (district régional)
Ancien dème en Grèce

Dème de Kallídendro


Running with the Wolves é o EP de estreia da cantora e compositora norueguesa Aurora, lançado em 4 de maio de 2015 pela Decca Records e Universal Music.

Composição
De acordo com Aurora, cada música do EP tem um tema diferente, que ela descreveu havendo "um muito mórbido, um sonhador, um animalesco e depois um muito triste". "Runaway" foi lançado como o primeiro single do EP em 7 de fevereiro de 2015 pela Petroleum Records.  A faixa-título foi lançada como o segundo e último single do álbum. A música também foi adaptada para o filme Wolfwalkers (2020) produzido por Tom Moore. Os singles anteriores "Awakening" e "Under Stars" foram incluídos na edição vinil do EP.

Lançamento e promoção
Para divulgar o EP,  Aurora fez várias apresentações. Ela se apresentou no Concerto do Prêmio Nobel da Paz de 2015 e fez um show esgotado em Londres. Também apoiou Of Monsters and Men na Brixton Academy em novembro de 2015.

Faixas
Edição digital e CD

Edição em vinil

Notas

 A versão em vinil do EP inclui uma versão alternativa de "Awakening" do que o lançamento do single.
Álbuns de Aurora
EP de 2015

Running with the Wolves


القبائل العربية في مصر موجودة من قبل دخول الإسلام مصر (مثل قبائل جذام ولخم المسيحية
). كما أن شرق الدلتا وسيناء كانت بها قبائل عربية من عصور ما قبل الميلاد (مثل امتداد حكم مملكة قيدار لشرق مصر) والعثور على أثار للملك قينو بن جشم ملك قيدار في محافظة الإسماعيلية. وهو ما يدعم ما ذكره المؤرخ هيرودوت من أن قبائل قيدار عاشت في شمالي سيناء وشرقي الحدود المصرية. ودخلت العديدة من القبائل العربية الأخرى مصر مع الفتح الإسلامي وعبر العصور المختلفة.

توجد العديد من القبائل العربية في مصر وهي موزعة على عدة محافظات كما وردت في الإحصاء الرسمى لسنة 1883 ميلادي عن توزيع هذه القبائل وكذلك في نشرة قانون العربان الرسمية المؤرخة في 7/1/1907 ميلادية
. وقد أثرت اللهجة الهلالية في اللهجة العامية المتداولة بمصر والمغرب العربي.

محافظة الإسكندرية
السناقرة، وأولاد خروف بطن العقاري، الحوته، وأولاد علي الأحمر، السننة، الحرابي، قبيلة الجوابيص، السمالوس .

محافظة الإسماعيلية
الحويطات، جهينة، الهنادي، العليقات، بلي، العيايدة، الأشراف، البراعصة من بني رشيد، الطميلات، المعازة، العقايلة، السماعنة، الأخارسة، البياضية، السواركة.

محافظة أسوان
عرب المشارقة، الجعافرة من نسل الإمام الحسين، العليقات أو العقيلات، جهينة، الأنصار ، مطير .

محافظة أسيوط
السادة أبو خشبة البازات، عرب المشارقة، جهينة، الجهمة، الجليلات، الهداهيد، الطرشان، أنداره، أجلاص، وهيثم، العمايم، الجوازي، الربايع، ترهونة، العطيات، الهنادي.

محافظة البحر الأحمر
العبابدة، جهينة، الرشايدة، الحويطات، المعازة، مزينة، العريمات .

محافظة البحيرة
السادة العزازية، أولاد علي، بريدان من قبيلة الفواخر، قبيلة الجوابيص، السمالوس، السناقرة، المجرحي، الشوالحة، مغيب، الأشقر ، أبو وافية .

محافظة بني سويف
البراعصة، الفوايد، العييايدة، الرماح، الحليقات، خويلد، الصعيطي، الخرافي، الموالك، المشارقة، الحويطات، الضعفا، المعازة.

محافظة جنوب سيناء
العليقات أو العقيلات، المزينة، الصوالحة، القرارشة، الجبالية، أولاد سعيد من الفوايدة من جهينة، الحماضة، بني واصل، الجرارة، البدارة.

محافظة الجيزة
السادة العزازية، السمالوس، أولاد علي، الربايع، أولاد سليمان، المحافيظ، العواقير، الحسون، العواقير، الحرابي، المجابرة، البراعصة، العمايم، العبيدات، النجمة، أولاد علي الأحمر، الحويطات، الجوابيص.

محافظة الدقهلية
السادة العزازية، السادة البازات، جهينة, كلب, الزهايرة، السعديون, جذام, عقبة، حسن طوبار، بنو عبيد .

محافظة سوهاج
بلي، جهينة، بني واصل، الكلاحين، الصهب، العوازم، الأطاولة، العمايم، العطيات، أولاد علي، الهوارة، الأشراف.

محافظة السويس
الحويطات، جهينة، الهنادي، العليقات، بلي، العبابدة، الأشراف، البراعصة من بني رشيد، و الصوالحة.

محافظة الشرقية
السادة العزازية، السادة المسلمية، السادة البازات، السادة الفواخر، السادة المحمودية، السادة الثقايلة البلاسيون، الطحاوية، الهنادي، أولاد علي، السماعنة، السعديون، جذام ولخم، هلبا سويد، العبابدة، الكرايرة، الحوتة، الترابين، العقايلة، البياضية، الأخارسة، النفيعات، الشرافدة، المساعيد، السواركة، الحويطات، جهينة، العليقات، بلي، العيايدة، الأشراف، البراعصة من بني رشيد، الرشايدة، بنو واصل، عقبة، المعازة، اللبايدة، الصوالحة، البهجة، الفرجان، أولاد أحمد.

محافظة شمال سيناء
السواركة، الرميلات، البياضية، بلي، الأخارسة، العقايلة، الدواغرة، العيايدة، التياهة، الترابين، الحوات، النجمات، المساعيد، الصفايحة، الأحيوات، الحويطات، العزازمة، بني فخر، أولاد سليمان، الأغوات، حجاب، أبو شيته، عروج، السلايمة، الشوربجي، الشريف.

محافظة الغربية
السادة الرفاعية، جهينة و سنبس الطائية (مقر شياختها كانت في سخا) غيرهم.

محافظة الفيوم
البراعصة من بني رشيد، الفوايد، مطير ، الرماح، أولاد فايد، العبيدات، الحرابي، القذاذفة، القطان، الحاسة، الصبيحات، السمالوس، ترهونة، العوامي، الحبون، جهينة، الأشراف.

محافظة القاهرة
الحويطات، البراعصة من بني رشيد، جهينة، الترابين، العايد، الحبايبة.
 مناطق تواجد القبائل العربية (يطلق عليها لفظ «عرب» في العامية المصرية ويقصد بها تجمعات بدوية عربية في وقت ما): عرب الحصن (المطرية بجوار المسلة) عرب الطوايلة (المطرية)، عرب عين شمس (حاليا جسر السويس)، عرب المعادي (عاصمة المعادي)، عرب المحمدي (العباسية - الدمرداش)، عرب سلام (حي المعصرة -حلوان)، عرب الوالدة (حلوان)، عرب راشد (حلوان)، عرب اليسار (كوبري السيدة عائشة وصلاح سالم)، عرب أبو ساعد (الصف وحلوان)، عرب البراوي (حلوان)، عرب غنيم (حلوان).

محافظة قنا
الهوارة، الأشراف الجمامزة، والسمهودية، العزازية، الأنصار و جهينة.

محافظة القليوبية
 المعازة، الصوالحة، الحويطات، جهينة، الأشراف، جذام، الحبايبة.

محافظة كفر الشيخ
السادة آل طلحة، الأشراف الأدارسة، الجوابيص، الجميعات، الحرابي، التميمي، بريدان .

محافظة المنيا
محارب، ترهونة، أبو كريم، الفوايد، الجوازي، العواقير، أولاد علي، الفرجان، القذاذفة.

محافظة مرسى مطروح
القطعان، الحبون، السننة من أولاد علي، العشيبات، العوارة، القطيفة، الشراصات، الحوتة، السناقرة، الجميعات، قبيلة أولاد علي الأحمر منهم أولاد خروف ومنهم قبيلة جبر وعائلة علوش المنفعة، القناشات، وأولاد علي الأبيض منهم قبيلة العوامة وقبيلة الأفراد وبطن العقاري، الزعيرات، الجبيهات، المغاورة من قبيلة لام، الإخوان، قبيلة القنيشات.

سيناء
توجد عدة عشائر بدوية تستوطن شبه جزيرة سيناء ويبلغ تعدادهم قرابة نصف المليون نسمة  وهم متميزون عن بقية المجتمع المصري الذي يستوطن ضفاف وادي النيل ببعض العادات الاجتماعية. ولا علاقة لبعض هذه العشائر بالفتح الإسلامي لمصر فأولئك كانوا من اليمن  أما وجود هذه العشائر البدوية فهو نتيجة تنقل من أعالي الحجاز وجنوب الأردن عبر فترات تاريخية مختلفة.

وتنتشر في سيناء وربوع مصر قبائل عديدة مثل قبيلة المساعيد من بنى شيبان من بكر بن وائل من ربيعة العدنانية وقبيلة السواركة وقبيلة الأحيوات وقبيلة الترابين وقبيلة الحويطات وقبيلة العيايدة وقبيلة المعازة من بني عطية وقبيلة بلى وقبيلة العقايلة وقبيلة السماعنة وقبيلة البياضية وقبيلة الأخارسة وغيرهم من القبائل العربية التي هاجرت من الجزيرة العربية واستقرت في مصر.

مؤتمر الحسنة (1968)
تحتفل الحسنة بذكرى مؤتمر الحسنة (1968)، وهي ذكرى سنوية في 5 نوفمبر من كل عام. وحدث أنه في عام 1968 دعت إسرائيل لإقامة مؤتمر موسع بمدينة الحسنة بوسط سيناء شارك فيه وفود يمثلون حكومات دول العالم والأمم المتحدة وجميع وسائل الإعلام العالمية. وجمعت إسرائيل مشايخ قبائل سيناء في مؤتمر كبير عقد في الحسنة. وحاولت تحريضهم على إعلان قيام دولة مستقلة لهم في سيناء. وعرضت عليهم المزايا والدعم الخارجي والمستقبل الزاهر. ولكنها فوجئت بموقف ورد سريع من مشايخ القبائل. عندما جاء الرد بالتنسيق الكامل بين شيوخ القبائل والمخابرات العامة المصرية من خلال شيخ المحامين سعيد لطفي بصحبة شيخ المجاهدين سالم الهرش والشيخ خلف الخليفات وأعلن الشيخ سالم الهرش أمام عدسات التليفزيون بصوت جهوري «إن باطن الأرض أولى بنا من ظهرها إذا ما قبلنا هذا الأمر.. مصريون ولدنا واستشهدنا وسنبقى إلى أن نموت ومن يريد التحدث بشأن سيناء فعليه الذهاب إلى الرئيس جمال عبد الناصر». بعدها قامت إسرائيل بحملة اعتقالات بممثلي القبائل.

المراجع

روابط خارجية
 حكايات عربان إسماعيل في صحارى وعلى ضفاف النيل
 دفاتر قبائل العربان المصرية وأرقامها في دار الوثائق القومية بالقاهرة
 قبيلة جذام من قدامى قبائل العربان في مصر
 قبائل العرب في الشرقية-مجلة الثقافة الشرقية العدد 6 البحرين
 قبيلة العليقات

قبائل عربية في مصر

القبائل العربية في مصر


حدث نزوح الكازاخ من سنجان بالتدرج وعلى موجات خلال عقدي الخمسينات والستينات من القرن العشرين بعد انتصار الشيوعية في الصين. كان الكازاخ يقطنون في الحدود الغربية من الصين، بمنطقة سنجان قبل مجيء الشيوعيين بزمن طويل. لكن بعد سيطرة الجيش الأحمر الشيوعي الكاملة عام 1949 على تلك المنطقة، بدأ النزوح الجماعي عام 1950، ولم يكن هناك من ضمان ولا تجريم لطريقة حياة الكازاخ وقبليتهم أو دينهم الإسلامي. فالعائلات صوتت في باركول ثم بدأت بالانطلاق إلى سهوب كشمير كمنفيين لكي يحافظوا على نمط حياتهم.

واجهت الرحلة الأولى إلى كشمير معارضة من الجيش الأحمر خلال عبورهم لحدود المقاطعة الصينية. فحصل التحرش الأول في باركول بمقاطعة كومول، ثم الهجوم الثاني بالقرب من تيمورليك. ففر الناجون منهم إلى التبت للنجاة بأرواحهم. وعدا هجوم الجيش الأحمر عليهم، فقد عانى النازحون من الأمراض التي أعاقت هروبهم، وحصدت العديد من الأرواح، ففي فترة الهروب التي استغرقت الثلاثة أشهر عبر التبت حتى وصولهم إلى سرينغار بكشمير، نجا 350 شخص من أصل 400 عائلة هربت من الصين.

بدأ النزوح الثاني من سنجان عام 1962. حيث هرب مع الكازاخ عرقيات أخرى إلى الإتحاد السوفييتي خلال أعمال الشغب والإضرابات العنيفة التي صاحبت فرض الشيوعيين إصلاحاتهم وتدخلهم بطريقة حياة الكازاخ التقليدية.

اقرأ أيضا
 عثمان باتور
 كازاخ الصين
 كازاخ

لاجئون في الاتحاد السوفيتي
الإسلام في الصين
العلاقات الصينية السوفيتية
تاريخ الصين
تاريخ سنجان
تصفية عرقية
الصين في عقد 1950
الصين في عقد 1960
كازاخ الصين
مجتمعات إسلامية في الصين

نزوح الكازاخ من سنجان


Nermin Puškar Puško (Bihać, 12. travnja 1978.) bosanskohercegovački je glazbenik i pjevač.

Porijeklom je iz Cazina. Karijeru je započeo u grupi Krug s kojom izdaje album Odsustvo kraja. Nakon toga dolazi u Sarajevo i upisuje muzičku akademiju 1998. godine. S grupom Knock out izdaje svoj drugi album Jednom kad sve ovo na kojem je autor svih pjesama. Početkom 2003. godine napušta Knock out i fokusira se na autorski rad. Od tada radi kao autor teksta i muzike, studijski muzičar, aranžer i producent sa zvijezdama pop i rock scene na prostoru bivše Jugoslavije. Između ostalih se izdvajaju: Marija Husar, Deen, Tony Cetinski, Massimo Savić, Dino Merlin, Željko Joksimović, Hari Mata Hari, Tifa, Amel Ćurić, Enver Lugavić, Karolina Gočeva, Erato, Lily Galić, Jelena Milušić i dr.

U ljeto 2005. počinje snimanje svog prvog solo albuma Novi Svijet u studiju Long Play u Sarajevu. Album je objavljen 2007. godune za Menart i Hayat Production.

Izvori

Bosanskohercegovački pjevači

Nermin Puškar


Desirae Marie Krawczyk (pronúncia polonesa: [ˈkraftʂɨk]; nascida em 11 de janeiro de 1994) é uma tenista profissional americana especializada em duplas. Ela é descendente de poloneses por parte de pai e filipina por parte de mãe.

Krawczyk tem o recorde mundial de duplas no 10º lugar na carreira, alcançado em julho de 2022, e ganhou sete títulos no WTA Tour, incluindo dois no nível WTA 500. Krawczyk é quatro vezes campeã de majors em duplas mistas, tendo vencido o Aberto da França e dos Estados Unidos de 2021 em parceria com , bem como os campeonatos de Wimbledon de 2021 e 2022 ao lado de . Ela também foi vice-campeã no Aberto da França de 2020 em duplas femininas, ao lado de , e a dupla foi semifinalista no Aberto dos Estados Unidos de 2021.

Vida pessoal e antecedentes
Krawczyk é descendente de poloneses por parte de pai e de ascendência filipina por parte de mãe.

Ela está em um relacionamento com o tenista australiano .

Carreira

2018: Primeiro título WTA e estreia em Majors
Em julho de 2018, ela conquistou seu primeiro título de duplas do WTA Tour no Aberto da Suíça, em parceria com o chileno Guarachi.

2020: Primeira final de duplas em Grand Slam
Ela alcançou sua primeira final de majors no evento de duplas feminino do Aberto da França, ao lado de Alexa Guarachi, e terminou como vice-campeã.

2021: Três títulos em Majors nas duplas mistas
Krawczyk conquistou os títulos de duplas mistas no Aberto da França (seu primeiro título de Grand Slam), em parceria com Salisbury, e em Wimbledon, em parceria com Skupski.

Como cabeça de chave número 2, ela alcançou sua terceira final de Grand Slam de duplas mistas no US Open, novamente com Salisbury. Eles conquistaram o título, derrotando Giuliana Olmos e  na final, em dois sets. Ela se tornou a primeira jogadora a ganhar três títulos de duplas mistas do Grand Slam em um ano, desde Martina Hingis e Leander Paes em 2015.

2022: Título de duplas mistas em Wimbledon, semifinal de duplas e estreia no Top 10
No Madrid Open de 2022, ela alcançou sua primeira final de duplas WTA 1000. Em parceria com Demi Schuurs, ela perdeu para Olmos e Gabriela Dabrowski.

No torneio de Wimbledon, ela conquistou seu segundo título consecutivo neste major em duplas mistas, fazendo parceria novamente com Skupski, e o quarto no geral. No mesmo torneio, ao lado de Danielle Collins, ela chegou às semifinais pela terceira vez em um torneio importante de duplas em sua carreira. Ela fez sua estreia no top 10 no ranking de duplas em 11 de julho de 2022.

2023: No. 9 do mundo, décimo título
No Charleston Open (com Danielle Collins), ela conquistou seu oitavo título de duplas derrotando a dupla primeira cabeça de chave Giuliana Olmos e Ena Shibahara. Como resultado, ela alcançou um novo ranking de duplas, o melhor de sua carreira, no 9º lugar do mundo, em 10 de abril de 2023.

No Eastbourne International, em parceria com Demi Schuurs, ela conquistou seu décimo título de duplas e o quinto no nível WTA 500.

Ligações externas

Tenistas dos Estados Unidos

Desirae Krawczyk


Kreis Kempen may refer to:

Kempen (district), a district of the Prussian region of Kleve from 1816–1929
Kempen-Krefeld, a district of Rhenish Prussia and North Rhine-Westphalia from 1929–1975; see Krefeld
Kempen (Wartheland), a district of Prussian Posen from 1887–1920

Kreis Kempen


Propanol, üç karbonlu doymuş alifatik alkol. Normal propanolün (n-propanol) formülü CH3CH2CH2OH olup buna 1-propanol de denir. Renksiz, akışkan, zehirli ve keskin, hoş olmayan bir kokuya sahiptir. Su ve organik çözücülerde çözünür. n-Propanol, karbon monoksit ve hidrojenden metanol elde ederken, propan ve bütanın oksidasyonu esnasında ve Fischer-Tropsch reaksiyonunda yan ürün olarak elde edilir. Etilen, karbon monoksit ve hidrojenden okso sentezi ile imalatı cezbedici bir yoldur. n-propanol en çok çözücü ve kimyasal ara madde olarak kullanılır.

Dimetilkarbinol ve 2-propanol olarak da bilinen izopropil alkol (CH3CHOHCH3) en basit sekonder alkol olup, endüstride önemli olan bir organik maddedir. Dünyada oldukça çok üretilir. Renksiz, akışkan, keskin kokulu bir sıvıdır. Propilenin, su ve sülfürik asit ile hidrojenlendirilmesinden elde edilir. Başlıca, asetonun elde edilmesinde kullanılır. Bundan başka çözücü ve antifriz (sıvıların donma noktasını düşürücü) olarak istifade edilir.

Kaynakça

Primer alkoller
Zehirli maddeler
Alkol

Propanol


João Carlos Celestino Gomes (n. 1899, Ílhavo – d. 1960, Lisabona) a fost un medic, profesor, scriitor și pictor portughez. El face parte din cea de-a doua generație de artiști moderniști portughezi.

A fost pictor și grafician, semnându-se cu numele João Carlos; a scris despre medicina; s-a dedicat literaturii de ficțiune, criticii și istoriei artei sub numele de Celestino Gomes.

Biografia și opera
S-a dedicat artelor de la o vârstă fragedă și a participat la prima expoziție de pictură în (Ílhavo). A urmat studii medicale pregătitoare la Porto (1918-1921), pe care le-a finalizat la Universitatea din Coimbra (1927). De-a lungul anilor a avut relații cu personalități din lumea literaturii și artelor, participând la viața culturală din Porto și Coimbra. În 1930 s-a stabilit la Lisabona.

A participat la Expoziția Independenților din 1930, ce a avut loc în sălile Societății Naționale de Arte Plastice din Lisabona și la două ediții ale Expoziției de Artă Modernă. A realizat mai multe expoziții personale, a scris și a ilustrat zeci de cărți; în 1964 a avut loc o expoziție retrospectivă a operei sale la Secretariatul National de Informare din Lisabona.

Admirator al primitivismului, a fost influențat de albumul de desene al lui Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso din 1912.

Lucrările sale se află în colecții publice și private, printre care: Museu do Chiado, Lisabona; Museu Grão Vasco, Viseu; Museu Municipal de Ílhavo; Museu Santos Rocha, Figueira da Foz; precum și în: colecțiile Dr. Bustorff Silva, José Esteves Brandão, Pedro Joyce Dinis, Dr. Fernando da Fonseca, Dr. Melo e Castro, João Manuel Cortes Pinto, D. Maria Borges, D. Leonor Borlido etc.

Numele său apare pe lista colaboratorilor revistei de cinema Movimento (1933-1934).

Note

Nașteri în 1899
Decese în 1960
Pictori portughezi
Scriitori portughezi

João Carlos Celestino Gomes


Malcolm Mitchell Young (6 January 1953 – 18 November 2017) was an Australian musician who was the co-founder, rhythm guitarist, backing vocalist and songwriter of the hard rock band AC/DC. Except for a brief absence in 1988, he was a member of AC/DC from its inception in 1973 until retiring in 2014 due to health reasons. As a member of AC/DC, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003. Rolling Stone named Young as the 38th best guitarist of all times along with his brother, Angus.

Though his younger brother Angus was the more visible of the brothers, Malcolm was described as the driving force and the leader of the band. In 2014, Young stated that despite his retirement from the band, AC/DC was determined to continue making music with his blessing.

Young left AC/DC in mid-2014 to receive treatment for dementia. In September 2014, the band's management announced that he would be retiring permanently. He died from the effects of dementia on 18 November 2017.

Early life
Young's father, William Young (1911–1985), lived with his family at 6 Skerryvore Road in the Cranhill district of Glasgow. William worked first as a wheel boy in a rope works and then as a machine and saw operator in an asbestos and cement business. In 1940, he joined the Royal Air Force and served in World War II as a flight engine mechanic. After the war, he worked as a yard man for a builder and then as a postman. He married Margaret (1913–1988; maiden name also Young), who was a housewife.

The "big freeze" of 1963 was one of the worst winters on record in Scotland, with snow  deep. A TV advertisement shown in Scotland at that time offered assisted travel for families to start a different life in Australia. Fifteen members of the Young family left Scotland in late June 1963, including fifth son George (1946–2017) and younger brothers Malcolm and Angus (b. 1955). Also in tow were his eldest brother Stephen (1933–1989), his only sister Margaret Horsburgh (1935–2019) and brother William Jr (b. 1940). Another elder brother, Alex (1938–1997), who was a member of Tony Sheridan's backup group The Bobby Patrick Big Six, stayed in Europe and was later a member of London-based group Grapefruit. Another brother, John (b. 1937), had migrated to Australia separately.

Malcolm later detailed the family's musical background: "All the males in our family played, Stevie, the oldest played accordion, Alex and John were the first couple to play guitar, and being older it was sort of passed down to George, then myself, then Angus." Initially staying at Villawood Migrant Hostel (a site later turned into Villawood Immigration Detention Centre) in Nissen huts, George met and became friends with another migrant, Harry Vanda. The Young family then moved into a semi-detached house at 4 Burleigh Street in the Sydney suburb of Burwood.

Music career
Both Angus and Malcolm Young were in a band with their brother George and his music partner Harry Vanda called Marcus Hook Roll Band. The project released an album in Australia called Tales of Old Grand Daddy. Malcolm Young played guitar on the 1974 release "Evie" by Stevie Wright, written and produced by Harry Vanda and George Young. The song is 11 minutes long and has three parts. Young played the guitar solo in Part One of the song. Malcolm Young was in a short lived Newcastle-based band The Velvet Underground (not the well-known 1960s band).

Malcolm Young was 20 when he and younger brother Angus formed AC/DC in 1973. Angus was on lead guitar, Malcolm on rhythm guitar, Colin Burgess on drums, Larry Van Kriedt on bass guitar and Dave Evans on vocals. "Can I Sit Next To You Girl," their first single, was later re-recorded with Bon Scott as their vocalist. They decided upon the name AC/DC after seeing the letters "AC/DC" on the back of their sister Margaret's sewing machine. In 1975 AC/DC had moved to Melbourne.

In early 1977 they returned to Britain and began a European tour with Black Sabbath. While Bon Scott and Ozzy Osbourne quickly became friends, some other members of the two bands did not get on so well. In one incident, Young alleged that Geezer Butler pulled a knife on him, although Butler has since refuted that.

Towards the end of 1977, bassist Mark Evans was fired; purportedly to find someone who could sing backup vocals with him. Evans described disagreement with Angus and Malcolm as a contributing factor. He was replaced by Cliff Williams.

In 1988, Young missed the majority of AC/DC's Blow Up Your Video World Tour to address alcohol abuse issues. He eventually became sober and returned to the band. During his absence he was replaced by his nephew, Stevie Young.

Playing guitar in AC/DC from 1973 until his last live gig with the band in June 2010, Malcolm Young toured the world with few breaks on a 37-year run with the band. He continued to write songs in AC/DC until his self-imposed departure from the band in 2014, being replaced once again by his nephew Stevie.

During production of their album Power Up, a source inside the band leaked that they were working with tracks that Malcolm recorded before his passing, recordings even going as far back as 2003.

History with Gretsch Guitars

Malcolm Young owned and played several guitars throughout his career with AC/DC, however, he is most commonly known for his use of Gretsch guitars:
1963 Gretsch Jet Firebird – This is his very first Gretsch 6131 which became known as "The Beast". This guitar was heavily modified between 1976 and 1978, during this time, Malcolm removed the neck FilterTron and middle Gibson PAF, leaving only a rewound bridge FilterTron, the firebird red finish was removed and a matt clear lacquer was applied, he also removed the Burns vibrato unit and Space-Control bridge and installed a Badass wraparound bridge. Some time during 1988 during Malcolm's absence from the Blow Up Your Video tour, the guitar was refinished in a yellow lacquer and the Badass was replaced with a Schaller 455 wraparound bridge. In 1996 he removed the Schaller bridge and reinstalled a Burns vibrato and Space-Control bridge, the bridge pickup ring was also removed, The Beast has not been modified since.
1963 Gretsch Jet Firebird #2 – This guitar was used extensively over Malcolm's career as his number 2 guitar, this guitar, like The Beast, started life as a standard 1963 Jet Firebird finished in Firebird red, the finish was stripped and a clear satin lacquer was applied, a middle pickup cavity was also cut to accompany the removal of the neck pickup to mimic the number 1 guitar. Malcolm also rewired the guitar much simpler than The Beast, leaving only the bridge pickup and volume pot connected to the output jack. This guitar also has a Burns vibrato unit along with an Adjusto-Matic bridge. The guitar also features black hole plugs instead of silver as is seen on The Beast. Stevie Young presently has possession of this guitar as his number 1.
Gretsch Jet Firebird with Burns Vibrato, black, left-handed, year unknown - This guitar was rewired into a right-handed configuration similar to Malcolm's other guitars, with the neck pickup, pickup selector, and tone control removed. This guitar was given to Stevie Young, and was his main recording and stage guitar with Starfighters in the early 1980s. This guitar is currently his number 2 stage guitar with AC/DC.
JayDee Jet "White Arrow" – This guitar was made for Mal some time around 1977/78 and was seen most prominently during the Powerage and Highway to Hell tours. It was originally fitted with two FilterTron pickups and a wraparound bridge, however Malcolm later installed a Gibson tune-o-matic bridge and tailpiece, removed the neck pickup and filled the switch and wraparound bridge holes. Stevie Young also has possession of this guitar as his number 3.
1959 Gretsch White Falcon Project-o-Sonic – This guitar was used by Malcolm for Back in Black and For Those About to Rock, as well as respective tours. It featured a Cadillac G wire tailpiece and two FilterTron pickups. At some point after the For Those About to Rock tour, it was "fixed" by someone other than his guitar tech and it lost its signature sound. It was sold shortly after the For Those About to Rock tour and has changed hands several times, it is now owned by the Hard Rock Cafe.
Gibson L6S – Malcolm purchased this guitar in early 1975 while The Beast was getting repaired after a headstock break. It featured a natural finish, two humbucker pickups, a tune-o-matic bridge and tailpiece and a black pickguard. Upon AC/DC's arrival in the UK during 1976, it was modified to a double cut and had the neck pickup and pickguard removed. This guitar was used by Angus briefly as a backup, it was then given to Stevie Young in 1980 who sold it in 1982, before it resurfaced in 2015.

Illness and death
At the conclusion of the Black Ice World Tour, Young was diagnosed with lung cancer. It was treated at an early stage, so surgery was successful and the cancer was removed. He also had an unspecified heart problem and had a pacemaker.

In April 2014, Young became seriously ill and was unable to continue performing. On 16 April 2014, AC/DC released a note stating that Young would be "taking a break from the band due to ill health". However, singer Brian Johnson stated that despite earlier reports, AC/DC are not retiring: "We are definitely getting together in May in Vancouver. We're going to pick up guitars, have a plonk and see if anybody has got any tunes or ideas. If anything happens we'll record it." In July, Johnson revealed that Young was in hospital receiving treatment for an unspecified condition and during May recording sessions had been replaced in the studio by guitarist Stevie Young, his nephew. On 24 September 2014, the band's management announced that Young was officially retiring and would not be rejoining AC/DC. Stevie Young continued to fill in for Malcolm on the band's 2015 Rock or Bust World Tour and eventually became his full-time replacement.

On 26 September 2014, The Sydney Morning Herald reported that Young had been diagnosed with dementia and had been admitted to a nursing home where he could receive full-time care. A source close to Young was quoted in this article as saying that he had "complete loss of short-term memory". Young's family confirmed four days later that he had dementia, saying that Young "is suffering from dementia and the family thanks you for respecting their privacy".

In subsequent interviews, Angus stated that his brother had been experiencing lapses in memory and concentration before the Black Ice project and had been receiving treatment during the Black Ice World Tour which ended in 2010. Angus confirmed that although his brother did not play on the 2014 Rock or Bust album: "He still likes his music. We make sure he has his Chuck Berry, a little Buddy Holly." He added that AC/DC would continue according to his brother's wishes and standards: "Look, even with his health, Malcolm was touring until he couldn't do it anymore." In that same interview, Angus stated that Young was rehearsing AC/DC's songs repeatedly before every concert just to remember how they went.

In an interview with Guitar Player about Young's songwriting credits in Rock or Bust, Angus stated:

Young died from the disease on 18 November 2017 at the age of 64, at Lulworth House in Elizabeth Bay. His funeral was held at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney, on 28 November. Young's elder brother George died a few weeks before him, on 22 October 2017.

Legacy and influence

Influenced by 1950s rock and roll and blues-based rock guitarists of the 1960s and 1970s, Young was regarded as a leading rock exponent of rhythm guitar.

Guitar Player magazine has stated that the secret to Young's guitar technique was playing open chords through a series of Marshall amplifiers, set to low volume without high gain. This is contrary to a common belief of many rock guitarists that rhythm guitar should involve loud and overdriven power chords.

Dave Mustaine of Megadeth stated in a 2004 interview that he considered himself, Young, Rudolf Schenker of The Scorpions, and James Hetfield of Metallica to be the best rhythm guitarists in the world.

In 2006, he was the subject of a song (and album) title by Australian punk rock band Frenzal Rhomb: "Forever Malcolm Young".

In 2017, Gretsch guitars reissued the Gretsch G6131MY, a signature guitar based on Young's modified 1963 Gretsch Jet Firebird.

On the day of Young's passing, several of the biggest names in rock and metal sent out tributes to Young, including Eddie Van Halen, Ozzy Osbourne, Black Sabbath, Lars Ulrich of Metallica, Guns N' Roses, Dave Mustaine of Megadeth, Billy Idol, Paul Stanley of Kiss, Joe Walsh, Joe Satriani, Def Leppard, Scott Ian of Anthrax, Foo Fighters, Alice Cooper, Muse, and Vince Neil and Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe and many more. Many of these artists covered an AC/DC song at their concerts on the day of or around the time of Young's passing as part of their tribute.

Awards and nominations

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), "honouring composers and songwriters". They commenced in 1982.

|-
| 1995 || "Big Gun" –  Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Most Played Australian Work Overseas ||
|-
| 2001 || "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" –  Bon Scott, Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Ten Best Australian Songs ||
|-
| 2006 || "Highway to Hell" –  Bon Scott, Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Most Played Australian Work Overseas ||
|-
| 2007 || "Highway to Hell" –  Bon Scott, Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Most Played Australian Work Overseas ||
|-
| 2009 || "Highway to Hell" –  Bon Scott, Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Most Played Australian Work Overseas ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2010 || "Rock 'n' Roll Train" –  Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Most Played Australian Work Overseas ||
|-
| Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Songwriters of the Year ||
|-
| 2011 || "Highway to Hell" –  Bon Scott, Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Most Played Australian Work Overseas ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2015 || "Play Ball"  - Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Song of the Year ||
|-
| "Rock or Bust"  - Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Song of the Year ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2022 || "Shot in the Dark" || Most Performed Rock Work ||
|-
| "Realize" - Angus Young, Malcolm Young || Song of the Year ||

References

External links

ACDC.com official website

1953 births
2017 deaths
20th-century Australian musicians
21st-century Australian musicians
AC/DC members
APRA Award winners
Australian heavy metal guitarists
Australian multi-instrumentalists
Australian rock guitarists
Australian male songwriters
Deaths from dementia in Australia
Australian male guitarists
Australian people of Scottish descent
Musicians from Sydney
Musicians from Glasgow
Naturalised citizens of Australia
People from Cranhill
Rhythm guitarists
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Writers from Sydney
Malcolm
People educated at Ashfield Boys High School
Marcus Hook Roll Band members
Blues rock musicians

Malcolm Young


Romy, de son vrai nom Romane Jimonet, est une youtubeuse, influenceuse et autrice française, née le  à Rouen.

Elle s'est fait connaître en 2014, en publiant des vidéos sur la plateforme YouTube.

Biographie

Enfance et éducation
Romy naît le  à Rouen dans une famille modeste et grandit à Montpellier.

En 2015, alors élève du lycée Geneviève-de-Gaulle-Anthonioz à Milhaud, elle réalise un mémoire avec sa camarade Charlotte Gozlan dans le cadre du concours national de la résistance et de la déportation, dédié au défunt résistant communiste aigues-mortais André Michel, dit Cacao.

Carrière
Depuis 2014, Romy est active en tant qu'influenceuse sur YouTube et Instagram.

En 2019, avec Chloé Bomcan, Romane publie trois livres autobiographiques déclinés en trois tomes.

En octobre 2021, elle collabore avec Durex pour une campagne publicitaire d'information des jeunes sur la sexualité.

Vie privée
En mars 2019, Romy officialise sa relation avec le youtubeur Anil Brancaleoni. En février 2021, elle annonce sa demande en mariage sur une vidéo Instagram vue plus de 1,6 million de fois, le mariage  est prévu en 2023 en France.

Publications

 Dans la p'tite vie d'une adolescente, Tome 1, Dragon d'or, 2019 ,
 Dans la p'tite vie d'une youtubeuse en herbe, Tome 2, Dragon d'or, 2019 ,
 Dans la p'tite vie d'une étudiante (ou pas !), Tome 3, Dragon d'or, 2020 .

Distinctions

Notes et références

Liens externes

Vidéaste web français
Vidéaste web ASMR
Vidéaste web sur YouTube
Pseudonyme
Mononyme
Naissance en février 1998
Naissance à Rouen

Romy (vidéaste)


Hastighed under ansvar er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1953 instrueret af Erik Ole Olsen efter eget manuskript.

Handling
En propagandafilm, der understreger de vigtigste bestemmelser i den nye færdselslov.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1953

Hastighed under ansvar


Santa Teresinha es un municipio brasileño del estado de Bahía. Se localiza a una latitud 12º46'19" sur y a una longitud 39º31'24" oeste, estando a una altitud de 227 metros. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 8.612 habitantes.
Posee un área de 713,167 km².

Referencias

Localidades de Bahía

Santa Teresinha (Bahía)


La Ligue Amateur ou LA est un organe sportif, regroupant les équipes amateurs, qui gère les compétitions nationales amateurs du football masculin en Suisse et les associations régionales de football. Il est l'un des trois organes de l'association suisse de football, avec la Swiss Football League et la Première Ligue de football.

Fonctionnement
La ligue est composé de cinq divisions : la 2e Ligue interrégionale et les ligues qui sont gérées par les associations régionales de football qui sont là 2e ligue, la 3e ligue, la 4e ligue et la 5e ligue.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Structure pyramidale des ligues de football en Suisse
 Association suisse de football
 Association régionale de football

Liens externes

 Site officiel

Football en Suisse

Ligue Amateur de football


චීන ජාතික අභ්‍යවකාශ පරිපාලනය (CNSA; චීන: 中国国家航天局) යනු මහජන චීන ජනරජයේ සිවිල් අභ්‍යවකාශ පරිපාලනය සහ අන්තර්ජාතික අභ්‍යවකාශ සහයෝගීතාව ගැන වගකිවයුතු රාජ්‍ය කාර්‍යාංශයයි. මෙය චීනයේ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණ සහ කර්මාන්ත අමාත්‍යංශය යටතේ පවතින අතර, මූලස්ථානය බෙයිජිං හී හයිඩියන් දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පිහිටා ඇත.

1993 වර්ෂයේ පිහිටුවන ලද CNSA විසින් එහි කෙටි ඉතිහාසය තුල අභ්‍යවකාශයේ ජයග්‍රහණ කිහිපයක්ම අත් කරගන්නා ලදී. චැන්ග් ඊ 4 මෙහෙයුම මගින් චන්ද්‍රයාගේ පෘථිවියට නොපෙනෙන පැත්තට ප්‍රථම වරට ගොඩ බැසීම, චැන්ග් ඊ 5 මෙහෙයුම මගින් සඳෙහි නියැඳි පෘථිවියට රැගෙන ඒම, සහ ටියන්වෙන්-1 මෙහෙයුම මගින් අඟහරු මත රෝවරයක් ගොඩබැස්වීම යනාදිය ඒ ජයග්‍රහණයි.

ආශ්‍රිත

චීන ජාතික අභ්‍යවකාශ පරිපාලනය


Santa Maria delle Grazie (deutsch Heilige Maria von der Gnade) ist der Name zahlreicher Kirchen in Italien:

 Santa Maria delle Grazie (Arezzo)
 Santa Maria in Campo Arsiccio
 Basilika Santa Maria delle Grazie (Brescia)
 Santa Maria delle Grazie (Mailand)
 Santa Maria delle Grazie (Mendrisio)
 Santa Maria delle Grazie di Montevergini
 Santa Maria delle Grazie (Pescina)
 Santa Maria delle Grazie (Varallo)

siehe auch: Grazie

Santa Maria delle Grazie


මුද්දර නිවේදන අංකය 853
2014 ලෝක ළමා දිනය සැමරීම වෙනුවෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකා තැපැල් දෙපාර්තුමේන්තුවේ මුද්දර කාර්යාංශය විසින් රුපියල් 10 ක වටිනාකමින් යුත් නව තැපැල් මුද්දරයක්, 2014 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මස 01 දින නිකුත් කරනු ලැබේ.
එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානය විසින් 1950 වර්ෂයේ සිට දරුවන් උදෙසා වෙනමම දිනයක් නම් කිරීම සිදු කරන ලද අතර එය ලොව පුරා උත්සවාකාරයෙන් සමරනු ලබයි.
"සෙනෙහස දී අප රකින්න" යන්න එහි මෙවර තේමාව වන අතර සෙනෙහසින් පෝෂනය වූ ළමාවියක් තුලින් යහපත් පුරවැසියන් තැනීම එහි ප්‍රමුඛ අභිලාෂය වන්නේය. 2014 වර්ෂය, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ළමා හිමිකම් ප්‍රඥප්තිය බලාත්මක වසර 25 ක් සැපිරීම නිසා මෙවර ළමා දිනය සැමරීම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට වඩාත් වැදගත් වේ.
ලෝක ළමා දින ජාතික උත්සවයේ නිළ ලාංඡනය ඇසුරෙන් නිකුත්වන මෙම සමර මුද්දරයේ දිස්වෙන, රබර් ඇටය ආශ්‍රිතව නිපදවා ඇති රූං පෙත්ත දරුවන්ගේ නිර්මානශීලීභාවය වර්ධනය කිරීම උදෙසා මං පාදන ලද ක්‍රීඩා භාණ්ඩයකි. ළමා හිමිකම් ප්‍රඥප්තියේ 25 වැනි වසර සමරන මේ වසර තුල එහි 17 වගන්තියේ දැක්වෙන "විවේකය අපගේ අයිතියකි" යන්න සංකේතවත් වන මෙම ක්‍රීඩා භාණ්ඩයද දූදරුවන් ද තුළින් විවේකය සදහා ඔවුන් සතු අයිතිය සුරැකීම, ඔවුන් හට දිය හැකි ඉහළම වරප්‍රසාදයන් බව තහවුරු කෙරේ.

නිකුත් කරන දිනය - 2014 ඔක්තෝබර් මස 01 වැනි දින.
වටිනාකම - රුපියල් 10.00.
මුද්දර සැලසුම්කරු - පුලස්ති එදිරිවීර.
මුල්දින කවරය - පී. ඉසුරු චතුරංග.
ප්‍රමාණය - මි. මී. 30 x මි. මී. 41.
හැඩය - සිරස්.
මුද්‍රණ ක්‍රමය - ඕෆ්සෙට් ලිතෝග්‍රැෆි.
පත් සැකැස්ම - පත්‍රිකාවක මුද්දර 20 බැගින්.
සිදුරු ප්‍රමාණය - 14 x 13 1/2.
මුද්‍රණකරුවෝ - රජයේ මුද්‍රණ දෙපාර්තුමේන්තුව, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව.
වර්ණ ( පාවිච්චි කළ ) - හතරයි.
කඩදාසි වර්ගය - 102 ජී. එස්. එම්. ආරක්ෂිත මුද්දර මුද්‍රණ කඩදාසි.
මැලියම් - පීවීඒ.
මුද්‍රණය කළ ප්‍රමාණය - 500,000.
අලෙවි කරන අවසන් දිනය - 2015.09.30.

ආශ්‍රිත

ලෝක ළමා දිනය 2014 තැපැල් මුද්දරය


(4199) Andreev ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 1. September 1983 von Henri Debehogne vom La-Silla-Observatorium aus entdeckt wurde.

Der Asteroid wurde nach dem russischen Astronomen und Mathematiker Gennadij Vasiljeviĉ Andrejev (1950–2002) benannt.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser
Astronomisches Objekt (entdeckt von Henri Debehogne)

(4199) Andreev


The French , sometimes literally translated as ruse of war, is a non-uniform term; generally what is understood by "ruse of war" can be separated into two groups. The first classifies the phrase purely as an act of military deception against one's opponent; the second emphasizes acts against one's opponent by creative, clever, unorthodox means, sometimes involving force multipliers or superior knowledge. The term stratagem, from Ancient Greek  (, 'act of generalship'), is also used in this sense.

 are described from ancient to modern times, both in semi-mythical accounts such as the story of the Trojan Horse in Virgil's Aeneid, and in well-documented events such as the flying of the American flag by the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania in 1915 (whilst the United States was a neutral country) to deter attack by German submarines; they also feature in fiction.

The term  is given legal meaning within the rules of war. Good faith is required, but at least 17 different types of , including ambushes, false radio messages, the use of spies and the use of dummy guns, are considered legitimate as long as they do not involve treachery or perfidy. Landmines and similar traps can be considered perfidious under the rules in certain circumstances. Explicitly prohibited  under article 23 of the Hague Convention of 1907 include improper use of a flag of truce or the military insignia of the enemy.

Examples

Ancient times
According to Homer's somewhat mythical account in the Iliad, the Greeks during the Trojan War pretended to give up their fruitless ten-year siege of the city of Troy and sailed away, leaving behind the Trojan Horse. After the Trojans pulled what they believed was a parting gift within the walls of the city, soldiers that had hidden inside the hollow horse during the previous night emerged and opened the city's gates, allowing the awaiting army to enter the city.

Prior to a naval battle with King Eumenes II of Pergamon, Hannibal sent a herald with a message for the opposing commander. That was a trick aiming to locate Eumenes's ship so that Hannibal could concentrate his forces against it.

Alexander the Great walked his men up and down a river continuously to condition his opponent, Porus, into a false sense of security in the belief that his whole army was searching for a ford. Then, under the cover of night Alexander marched a contingent of his men upriver and crossed the Indus, while his remaining forces marched south to their camp as they usually did. This feint allowed Alexander to hide his troops' location and win the Battle of Hydaspes in 326 BC.

As stated in the probably fictional account in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang tricked Sima Yi using the Empty Fort Strategy from Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Zhuge Liang sat upon the walls of the cities, his men far outnumbered by the Wei army which  was advancing toward him. Zhuge Liang sat upon the walls and played his instrument, seemingly calm and composed, tricking Sima Yi into thinking that the Shu had troops had hidden in the surrounding area for an ambush. Zhuge Liang was able to quickly flee the area as the Wei retreated.

Modern history

19th century
The Siege of Detroit was an early engagement in the War of 1812, where a smaller British-First Nations force, led by Major-General Isaac Brock and Shawnee leader Tecumseh, used bluff and deception to intimidate Brigadier General William Hull into surrendering the fort, the town of Detroit, and a dispirited American force that nevertheless outnumbered the British and First Nations. Intercepting American dispatches from Fort Detroit, Brock judged the morale of the American garrison to be low, and that the American general had a fear of First Nations in particular. Brock arranged for misleading letters to fall into American hands, stating an inflated figure of 5,000 First Nations warriors were already in Amherstburg, to simulate a larger First Nations force had attached themselves to his army. Prior to the siege, Brock also sent a letter demanding for surrender to Hull, stating:

To further the illusion that a large First Nations force was attached with Brock's force, Tecumseh extended his men, and marched them three times through an opening in the woods at the rear of the fort in full view of the fort. Brock similarly dressed members of the Canadian militia as British regulars, and instructed soldiers to light individual fires instead of one fire per unit, thereby creating the illusion of a much larger army.

Use of deception to mask an inferior force was also used in another battle during the War of 1812, the Battle of Chateauguay. Outnumbered during battle, the Canadian Fencibles were initially outflanked and falling back, before Lieutenant-Colonel Charles de Salaberry of the Canadian Voltigeurs ordered bugle calls, cheers and Indian war whoops, in a ruse to make the Americans believe that they were about to be enveloped. Fearing themselves outnumbered and about to be outflanked, Brigadier-General Wade Hampton called off the American advance, withdrawing his forces to Plattsburgh, New York.

During the American Civil War, Union General George Meade's General Order No. 13 of 1865 was retracted after it was determined that his criticism of Brigadier-General McLaughlin was based on "nothing more than the obvious result of those ruses de guerre, by which the very best officers may, at times, be victimized", after the Confederate Army falsely claimed that it had gained a foothold in the Union Army lines.

20th century
An effort by the Imperial Japanese Navy to lure the Russian fleet out of its harbor during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 was described by The New York Times as "a clever ruse of war to entice the Russian ships out of Port Arthur".

The use of the American flag flown on the liner Lusitania while crossing through the Irish Sea to avoid attack by German submarines during the First World War was criticized in debate in the United States House of Representatives by Republican Eben Martin of South Dakota, who stated that "the United States cannot be made a party to a ruse of war where the national colors are involved".

During the Second World War, the crew of the merchant-raiding German light cruiser Emden rigged a dummy fourth funnel on top of her radio room to disguise her as a British cruiser, most of which were equipped with four funnels. During First and Second World Wars, Q-ships were heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks. This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the former Imperial Japanese Navy battleship , which had been taken out of reserve shortly after the outbreak of war for use as a troop transport but then converted to a repair ship, was fitted with dummy wooden main batteries fore and aft to resemble an old battleship after her arrival in Shanghai on 29 December 1938.

In the lead up to the First Battle of Sirte during the Second World War, the fast minelayer  successfully impersonated a force of two battleships using false signals traffic, as part of a decoy mission against Italian forces.

The Allied Combined Operations raid on the Normandie Dock in Saint Nazaire employed several legitimate ruses during their voyage up the Loire estuary, including flying German colours and replying to signal challenges by giving misleading replies in German. These measures were all designed to buy time for the attacking force. When these tactics ceased to be effective and German shore batteries opened fire in earnest, all the British ships lowered their German colours and hoisted White Ensigns before returning fire.

German commando Otto Skorzeny led his troops wearing American uniforms to infiltrate American lines in Operation Greif during the Battle of the Bulge. Skorzeny later reported that he was told by experts in military law that wearing American uniforms was a defensible ruse de guerre, provided his troops took off their American uniforms, and put on German uniforms, prior to firing their weapons. Skorzeny was acquitted by a United States military court in Dachau in 1947, after his defense counsel argued that the "wearing of American uniforms was a legitimate ruse of war for espionage and sabotage" as described by The New York Times.

In relation to the rules of war

Good faith
According to the rules of war, good faith in dealing with the enemy must be observed as a rule of conduct, but this does not prevent measures such as using spies and secret agents, encouraging defection or insurrection among the enemy civilian population, corrupting enemy civilians or soldiers by bribes, or inducing the enemy's soldiers to desert, surrender, or rebel. In general, a belligerent may resort to those measures for mystifying or misleading the enemy against which the enemy ought to take measures to protect itself.

Legitimate ruses
Legitimate ruses include:
 surprises; ambushes; feigned attacks, retreats, or flights;
 simulating quiet and inactivity (to lull the enemy into complacency);
 use of small forces to simulate large units (for example, inducing an enemy unit to surrender by pretending that it is surrounded by a large force);
 transmitting false or misleading radio or telephone messages;
 deception of the enemy by bogus orders purporting to have been issued by the enemy commander;
 making use of the enemy's signals and passwords or secret handshakes;
 pretending to communicate with nonexistent troops or reinforcements;
 deceptive supply movements (which might make the enemy think you are preparing for action when you're not);
 deliberate planting of false information;
 use of spies and secret agents;
 moving landmarks (to confuse the enemy operating in unfamiliar territory);
 putting up dummy guns and vehicles or laying dummy mines;
 erection of dummy installations and airfields (to intimidate or encourage useless attack);
 removing unit identifications (but not those that identify the belligerent while in combat) from uniforms;
 psychological warfare activities;
 disguising a warship to appear to be a neutral merchant vessel, or a merchant vessel on the side of one's opponent, has traditionally been considered a legitimate ruse de guerre, provided the belligerent raises their own flag to break the deception before firing their guns. This was called sailing under false colors. Both sides during the world wars used this tactic, most famously the Royal Navy's Q ships. The German raider  used this tactic against the superior , disguising herself as the Dutch merchant vessel Straat Malakka prior to their mutually destructive engagement.
 disguising a warship to appear to be one of the warships of one's opponent has traditionally been considered to be a legitimate ruse de guerre, provided the belligerent raises their own flag to drop the disguise, prior to firing their guns. The Germans took steps to disguise their pocket battleships as Allied cruisers during the Second World War. This tactic was also used by the Royal Navy to great effect during the Napoleonic Wars, since the boarding and capture of enemy vessels was quite common during that time, and information about the current ownership of vessels was not easy to disseminate rapidly.

No perfidy
Further, according to the rules of war, ruses of war are legitimate so long as they do not involve perfidy on the part of the belligerent resorting to them. They are, however, forbidden if they contravene any generally accepted rule.

 traps that are attached or associated in any way with:
 sick, wounded, or dead;
 burial, cremation, or graves;
 food or drink;
 kitchen utensils or appliances;

Prohibited ruses
Article 23 of the 1907 Hague Convention IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land provides that: "It is especially forbidden....(b) To kill or wound treacherously individuals belonging to the hostile nation or army....(f) To make improper use of a flag of truce, of the national flag, or of the military insignia and military uniform of the enemy, as well as the distinctive badges of the Geneva Convention". Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions expanded the rules of prohibiting certain type of ruses as defined in Articles 37, 38, and 39.

The line of demarcation between legitimate ruses and forbidden acts of perfidy is sometimes indistinct. In general, it would be an improper practice to secure an advantage over the enemy by deliberate lying or misleading conduct which involves a breach of faith, or when there is a moral obligation to speak the truth. For example, it is improper to pretend to surrender to secure an advantage over the opposing belligerent.

To broadcast to the enemy that an armistice had been agreed upon when such is not the case would be treacherous. Abuse of the protections afforded to medical personnel (by disguising combat soldiers as medics, or by putting a red cross on a combat vehicle) is also considered unacceptable. In August 1946, a German soldier, Heinz Hagendorf, was found guilty by a U.S. military tribunal at the Dachau Trials and sentenced to six months imprisonment for having "wrongfully used the Red Cross emblem in a combat zone by firing a weapon at American soldiers from an enemy ambulance displaying such emblem." The verdict and sentence were upheld on appeal.

References

Further reading
 Stratagems (), by the 1st-century Roman author Frontinus, which concerns military stratagems drawn from Greek and Roman history.
 Stratagems (), book by the 2nd-century Macedonian author Polyaenus which concerns military strategems. In common with Frontinus' work (see above), the title is sometimes given as Strategemata.
 Stratagems of the Warring States, English title of a Chinese book compiled between the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Alternative English titles include Strategies of the Warring States.
 Thirty-Six Stratagems, English title of a Chinese book concerning stratagems which have military and civil applications.

Military strategy
Tactics
War
War crimes by type

Ruse de guerre