زاوية الشيخ علي بن عمر (الزاوية العثمانية) بطولقة، ولاية بسكرة، الجزائر. إن زاوية سيدي علي بن عمر (الزاوية العثمانية) في مدينة طولقة هي منارها ورايتها، وبها عرفت واشتهرت في كافة أنحاء القطر الجزائري وخارجه والزاوية منذ تأسيسها وحتى يومنا هذا الذي نحياة، محجة ومقصد للمريدين والمحبين والزوار من رجال العلم والثقافة والبحث، ومنذ مطلع تأسيسها بنفحات شيخها وطهارته على النية الصادقة والإخلاص في العمل ,انتشر سمها وعمّ، وعرفت ببركاته وصلاحه وتقواه، وبالغايات السامية التي يعمل لها من نشر العلم وتحفيظ القرآن الكريم ومساعدة الفقراء واليتامى وأبناء السبيل وإيواء المساكين والمحتاجين وإلى جانب رسالتها في المحافظة على الإسلام والصدّ عن دين الله بكل ما أوتيت من قوة بما في ذلك مدافعة الأجنبي والجهاد في سبيل الله بالقوة والعمل، كما يشهد لها تاريخها الصادق. تأسست الزاوية عام 1780م/1193ه على يد صاحبها سيدي علي بن عمر.

توطئة
من أهم الزوايا في الجزائر التي بنيت على قواعــد سليمة راسخة في العلم و الإيمان رسوخ الجبال، زاوية علي بن عمر الشيخ الزاهد العابد. بها مسجد للعبادة و مدرسة لتعليم القرآن و العلوم الشرعية و التي تخرج منها كبار الشيوخ و العلماء ممن قدموا الكثير للجزائر علما وجهادا و هي من المعاقل العامة التي جابهت المستعمر الفرنسي و محاولات التنصير. تقع الزاوية العثمانية بطولقة على بعد 38 كلم من ولاية بسكرة و بحوالي 400 كلم من الجنوب إلى الجزائر العاصمة.

نبذة عن حياة مؤسس الزاوية
هو الشيخ علي بن عمر المشهود له بالزهد و الصلاح و التقوى و النسب الشريف، وهب حياته للعلم و الإرشاد و الدعوة إلى الله، و لد في طولقة حوالي سنة 1166 هـ و توفي يوم الخميس 03 ربيع الأول سنة 1258 هـ ودفن بالزاوية.

تأسيس الزاوية
عندما بلغ الشيخ علي بن عمر حوالي 26 سنة من عمره طلب منه شيخه محمد بن عزوز تأسيس زاوية فكانت الزاوية العثمانية بالنسبة إلى جده عثمان سنة 1191هـ الموافق لـ 1780م، و منذ ذلك الوقت و هي تحمل أمانة واجب الدعوة إلى الله و الحفاظ على كتاب الله و سنة نبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، بعيدة كل البعد عن كل مظاهر البدع و الخرافة، إضافة إلى دورها الاجتماعي و التاريخي.

الشيوخ الذين تعاقبوا على الزاوية
 الشيخ مصطفى بن عزوز.
 الشيخ علي بن عثمان أكبر أبناء الشيخ علي بن عمر.
 الشيخ عمر بن علي بن عثمان.
 الشيخ الحاج بن علي بن عثمان.
 الشيخ عبد الرحمان بن الحاج بن علي بن عثمان.
 الشيخ عبد القادر بن الحاج بن علي بن عثمان

نبذة عن حياة الشيخ عبد القادر
هو الأستاذ الإمام الشيخ سيدي عبد القادر عثماني , بن الحاج بن علي بن عثمان بن علي بن عمر الإدريسي الحسني الطولقي عالم فقيه مفت مدرس مؤلف كاتب مفسر مناضل صوفي رحماني الطريقة، ولد ببلدة طولقة قاعدة الزاب الظهراوي و إحدى أهم دوائر ولاية بسكرة سنة 1348 هـ/1929 م، نشأ في أسرة شريفة شهيرة عريقة في العلم و الصلاح، حيث كان والده الشيخ الحاج يدير زاوية جده سيدي علي بن عمر ويلقي دروس التفسير فيها إلى جانب علماء مدرسين آخرين، تلقى الأستاذ عبد القادر دراسته كلها في الزاوية المذكورة ؛ أتم حفظ القرآن الكريم كاملا و هو في سن الحادية عشرة على الشيخ المقرئ مليكي ناجي بن عزوز و درس علوم الفقه و النحو و التفسير و البلاغة و العروض على العالم المتفنن إبراهيم بن الحسن البوزياني ضيف الله الذي كان من كبار شيوخ الزاوية المدرسين كما تلقى الفقه كذلك والمنطق والفرائض على أخيه الشيخ عبد الرحمان عثماني صاحب كتاب الدر المكنوز و أخذ أيضا النحو والبيان على الشيخ المفتي العباس عثماني كما تتلمذ أيضا لأساتذة أكفاء آخرين مثل الشيخ المدرس محمد الدراجي و الشيخ الشاعر عبد الله بن المبروك عثماني الطولقي دفين المدينة المنورة.

كانت زاوية سيدي علي بن عمر في الخمسينيات من القرن العشرين تساهم مساهمة فعالة في التعليم العربي الإسلامي، و في الوقت ذاته تعمل سرا مع المجاهدين الجزائريين ضد المحتلين والفرنسيين، كان الأستاذ في الفترة من سنة 1949 إلى سنة 1957 إماما خطيبا في جامع الزاوية و مدرسا ممتازا حيث كان أول من أدخل الوسائل العصرية في التدريس في الزاوية، و في سنة 1957 اكتشفت سلطات الاحتلال الفرنسي دور الزاوية في النضال فاعتقلت عبد الرحمان عثماني شيخ الزاوية آنذاك و نكلت به تنكيلا. أما الأستاذ عبد القادر فقد هاجر إلى المغرب الأقصى خوفا من الاعتقال و التعذيب الذي تعرض له أخوه و التحق من إخوته اثنان بجيش التحرير الوطني و هما عبد الحميد عثماني والأزهري عثماني و هناك - في المغرب - عمل مسؤولا في جبهة التحرير الوطني، و تولى الإدارة و التدريس في المدرسة الحسنية ببلدة تادلة من شهر نوفمبر 1957 إلى غاية يناير1961.

في أول فيفري 1961 عين محررا باللغة العربية في وزارة التربية بالرباط.

و عندما بزغ فجر الاستقلال في الجزائر الحبيبة سنة 1962 عرضت عليه بالمغرب وظائف أخرى لكنه رفضها و فضل الرجوع إلى الوطن عاد الأستاذ عبد القادر إلى ربوع الوطن و استقر بالتحديد في العاصمة و عمل عاما واحدا بوزارة الأوقاف ثم التحق سنة 1963 بديوان وزارة التربية و التعليم لمدة أربع سنوات ثم درّس بعدها في ثانوية الإدريسي بالعاصمة قرابة نفس المدة السابقة ثم انتقل إلى المعهد الوطني التربوي لتأليف الكتب المدرسية حتى غاية 1974 و في أثناء هذه الفترة كان يتردد على الزاوية آخر كل أسبوع لمعاينة أشغال البناء، عندما توفي شيخ الزاوية عبد الرحمان عثماني سنة 1966 وقع التعيين و الاختيار على الأستاذ عبد القادر خلفا لأخيه، و قد قام بواجبه نحو الزاوية أحسن قيام حيث أعاد بناءها على الطراز الحديث و وسع في مرافقها حتى أصبحت تسر الناظرين.
و عمل فيها بجد نادر تم من خلاله مواصلة إقامة الصلوات فيها و تحفيظ القرآن للطلبة وتدريس العلوم الشرعية لهم و استقبال الضيوف و الباحثين من شيوخ و أساتذة و محققين و طلبة جامعيين و غيرهم و يبقون في ضيافة الزاوية حتى يتم لكل واحد منهم هدفه المنشود في مكتبة العائلة العثمانية الزاخرة بأنواع الكتب المطبوعة المفيدة و مختلف المؤلفات المخطوطة المهمة حيث أن الكتب لا تعار و لا تخرج من المكتبة.

في سنة 1993 تولى الأستاذ عبد القادر رئاسة المجلس العلمي بنظارة الشؤون الدينية في بسكرة، وفي سنة 1998 عين عضوا في المجلس الإسلامي الأعلى و مازال في هاتين المهمتين إلى يومنا هذا.

ساهم الأستاذ عبد القادر في الحركة العلمية و الدينية و الثقافية برصيد ثري متنوع و هذه بعض آثاره :
 ساهم في تحرير فصول الكتب المدرسية في مادتي اللغة العربية و التربية الإسلامية لمرحلتي المتوسط و الثانوي.
 محاضرات دينية و اجتماعية و ثقافية ألقاها في مناسبات مختلفة وجهات متعددة من الوطن، أغلبها موجود في هذا الكتاب.
 فتاوي شرعية كثيرة مخطوطة محررة تحريرا جيدا على المذهب المالكي مع ذكر المراجع المعتمد عليها و هي موجودة في هذا الكتاب أيضا.
 إلقاء خطب الجمعة في جامع الزاوية بطولقة في فترة الخمسينيات و من السبعينيات إلى وقتنا هذا.
 تفسير القرآن الكريم قبل خطبة الجمعة ابتداء من سنة 1981 و قد ختم تفسير القرآن كله يوم الجمعة 19 صفر 1425 هـ الموافق لـ 09 أفريل 2004 إلا أنه لا يوجد أي تسجيل لهذا التفسير، لأن طريقة الإلقاء كانت شفوية.
و مازال الأستاذ عبد القادر يؤدي دوره العلمي و التربوي على أحسن وجه، فبارك الله فيه و في أولاده.

تصوف

الزاوية العثمانية


කාර්පට් බෝම්බ දැමීම යන වදන යොදා ගැනෙන්නේ ඉලක්කගත ප්‍රදේශය සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම විනාශ කිරීම සඳහා ගිනි අවුලන බෝම්බ විශාල ප්‍රමාණයක් සමඟ නිවැරදි ලෙස මඟ පෙන්වන නොලද ගුරුත්වජ බෝම්බ විශාල සංඛ්‍යාවක් යොදා ගැනීමයි. ඒවායේ අරමුණ වන්නේ පුද්ගලයන් හෝ ද්‍රව්‍ය විනාශ කිරීම හෝ සතුරන් අඩපණ කිරීමයි. මෙම වදන නිතැතින්ම කාර්පටයක් මඟින් බිම ආවරණය කරනවා මෙන් සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම ප්‍රදේශයක් ආවරණය කරන බෝම්බවල චිත්ත රූපයක් මවයි.

කාර්පට් බෝම්බ දැමීම ක්‍රියාත්මක වන්නේ ඉලක්කය කරා රැළි සේ ළඟා වන ගුවන් යානා කිහිපයක් මඟිනි.

කාර්පට් බෝම්බ දැමීම


සංකල්පය
සිංග්ලිශ් ටයිප් රයිටර්ය යනු ඉංග්‍රිසි යතුරු පුවරුවක් භාවිතා කර පරිගනකයක සිංහල අකුරු ඇමිණීමේ  මෘදුකාංගයකි. වෙනත් වචන වලින් කිතතොත් එය ඉංග්‍රිසි අකුරු වලින් සිංහල ටයිප් කර, සිංහල අකුරු පෙළක් ලබාගැනීමේ ක්‍රමයකි.

උදා:
 mama = මම
 aakaasha = ආකාශ

මෘදුකාංග
සිංග්ලිශ් ක්‍රමය භාවිතා කර බොහෝ මෘදුකාංග තනා තිබෙනවා. මේවා අතර සමහරක් වෙනම වදන් සකසන මෘදුකාංග ලෙස නිපදවා ඇති අතර, තවත් සමහරක් දැනට පවතින වදන් සකසන වලට ඇමිනුමක් ලෙස සකසා තිබෙනවා.

ප්‍රසිද්ධ සිංග්ලිෂ් මෘදුකාංග කිහිපයක්
 http://groups.google.com/group/singlish-typewriter
 http://ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/ltrl/services/feconverter/t1.html
 http://ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/ltrl/services/feconverter/t2.html
 Sinhala Online Typing (madusanka.net)

ඔරකල් මෘදුකාංග
නිදහස් මෘදුකාංග

සිංග්ලිශ් වදන්සකසනය


The year 2000 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

Events
June 22 – The Architect company Snøhetta wins the international Architect competition for Oslo's New National Opera House.
Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Greenwich Millennium Village in London designed by Ralph Erskine.

Buildings and structures

Buildings opened

February 19 – Rose Center for Earth and Space in New York City, USA, designed by Polshek Partnership Architects.
March 8 – Peckham Library in London, UK, designed by Alsop and Störmer. It wins this year's Stirling Prize.
May 12 – Tate Modern in London, a conversion of Bankside Power Station by Herzog & de Meuron.
October 12 – The Lowry theatre and gallery centre in Salford, England, designed by Michael Wilford and Buro Happold.
August – Centro Brasileiro Britânico in São Paulo, designed by Marc Rabin.
August 19 – Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia, reconstructed to Konstantin Thon's 1832 design, is dedicated.
October 25 – Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial unveiled in Vienna, designed by Rachel Whiteread.
date unknown
Emirates Towers in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Sony Center, Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, Germany, designed by Helmut Jahn.
Diamond Ranch High School in Pomona, California, USA, designed by Thom Mayne of Morphosis.
Museum of Pop Culture in Seattle, USA, designed by Frank Gehry.
Sibelius Hall in Lahti, Finland, designed by Kimmo Lintula and Hannu Tikka.

Buildings completed
May 14 – Al Faisaliyah Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, designed by Foster and Partners, the first building to be completed in a competition between two Saudi princes; the Kingdom Centre is completed in 2002.
Bankers Hall West in Calgary, Alberta, designed by Cohos Evamy.
Montevetro (apartments), Battersea Reach, London, designed by Richard Rogers Partnership.

Awards
AIA Gold Medal – Ricardo Legorreta
Architecture Firm Award – Gensler
Emporis Skyscraper Award – Sofitel New York Hotel
Grand Prix de l'urbanisme – Alexandre Chemetoff
Praemium Imperiale Architecture Laureate – Richard Rogers
Pritzker Prize – Rem Koolhaas
Prix de l'Équerre d'Argent – Philippe Gazeau
RAIA Gold Medal – John Morphett
RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Frank Gehry
Stirling Prize – Alsop & Störmer, Peckham Library
Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture – Daniel Patrick Moynihan
Twenty-five Year Award – The Smith House
Vincent Scully Prize – Jane Jacobs

Deaths
January 18 – Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Austrian architect in the Nazi Resistance movement (born 1897)
February 19 – Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian artist and architect (born 1928)
July 3 – Enric Miralles, Spanish architect (born 1955)
July 29 – Eladio Dieste, Uruguayan engineer and architect (born 1917)

See also
Timeline of architecture

References

20th-century architecture
2000 architecture

2000 in architecture


An Zygostates alleniana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Zygostates alleniana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Zygostates, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Zygostates

Zygostates alleniana


Anna Rosmus, também conhecida como Anja Rosmus-Wenninger, é uma autora e pesquisadora alemã nascida em 1960 em Passau, Baviera.

Biografia
Aos 16 anos, Rosmus começou a se interessar pela história contemporânea, especialmente a do Terceiro Reich, assunto que mal era mencionado na escola. Incentivada por seu pai, um diretor, ela participou de um concurso nacional de redação que abordava a história de sua cidade durante os anos pré-guerra. Alguns moradores proeminentes afirmaram que a comunidade permaneceu intocada pela guerra e outros se elogiaram por sua suposta resistência política contra a ditadura . Rosmus descobriu recortes de jornais e outros materiais de arquivo mostrando que líderes locais e membros de famílias proeminentes da cidade eram membros ativos do Partido Nazista muito antes da guerra, e ajudaram a reunir cerca de 400 judeus da cidade para enviar para campos de concentração . Seu ensaio, "Minha cidade natal durante o Terceiro Reich", ganhou um prêmio.

Os esforços de Rosmus não foram bem recebidos por muitos habitantes, mas aos 20 anos ela continuou com sua pesquisa. Após mais questionamentos de alguns dos anciãos de Passau, Rosmus encontrou uma conspiração de silêncio e recusa em fornecer informações . Após três anos de perseverança e litígio, ela finalmente teve acesso aos arquivos da prefeitura. Ela descobriu que vários campos de concentração, trabalho forçado e prisioneiros de guerra foram construídos dentro e ao redor da cidade .

Rosmus escreveu seu primeiro livro, Resistance and Persecution - The Case of Passau 1933–1939, que foi publicado em 1983 . Sem se deixar intimidar por ameaças, ela escreveu Exodus - In the Shadow of Mercy, um livro com foco na situação dos judeus de Passau durante o século XX. Seu trabalho continuou a causar alvoroço sem precedentes, bem como elogios internacionais .

The Nasty Girl e grandes produções de TV

 Em 1985, o trabalho de Rosmus atraiu a atenção do diretor Michael Verhoeven . Ele escreveu e dirigiu  ( The Nasty Girl ), um filme de 1990 em que Lena Stolze interpreta Sonja Wegmus, uma versão fictícia de Rosmus. O filme recebeu o prêmio BAFTA de Melhor Filme não em Língua Inglesa e foi indicado ao Oscar de Melhor Filme Estrangeiro em 1991.
 Em 1986, a estação de TV alemã ARD transmitiu o documentário WDR de 45 minutos de Felix Kuballa, Von deutscher Toleranz .
 Em 1988, a estação de TV alemã ARD mostrou o documentário de 90 minutos da Radio Bremen de Henning Stegmüller, de 1987, Gegen den Strom, sobre Anna Rosmus.
 Em 1990, a estação de TV alemã ZDF mostrou o documentário de 1987 de Michael Verhoeven, Das Mädchen und die Stadt, sobre Anna Rosmus.
 1994/95, Felix Kuballa (WDR) produziu o documentário Das Schreckliche Mädchen na América . ARD apresentou versões de 60 minutos e 45 minutos.

Emigração para os Estados Unidos
Em agosto de 1994, após constante assédio e ameaças de morte da comunidade local, Rosmus e suas filhas se mudaram para os Estados Unidos . Eles se estabeleceram na área de Washington, DC.. Desde a formatura de sua filha mais nova no ensino médio, Rosmus mora perto de Chesapeake Bay, em Maryland.

Referências

Historiadores do nazismo
Imigrantes alemães nos Estados Unidos
Escritoras da Alemanha
Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1960

Anna Rosmus


Burkholderia anthina es una especie de proteobacteria de la familia Burkholderiaceae. Se incluye junto a otras 8 especies en el Complejo Burkholderia cepacia (CBC, o BCC por sus siglas en inglés).

Burkholderia anthina al igual que el resto de las bacterias del complejo BCC, es una bacteria Gram-negativa, aerobia y productora de catalasa, y no fermenta la lactosa.

Burkholderia anthina es muy difícil de distinguir de los otros organismos del complejo BCC si se utilizan tan solo pruebas metabólicas para microorganismo. Se recomienda el cultivo en agar selectivo y de ser posible caracterización por PCR.

Burkholderiales

Burkholderia anthina


Norman Lockhart est un nom pouvant désigner:

Norman Lockhart (1884-1974), homme politique canadien de l'Ontario
 (1887-1968), administrateur colonial britannique de Hong Kong
 (1924-1993), joueur nord-irlandais de football

Voir aussi
, canton du Minnesota, États-Unis

Lockhart, Norman

Norman Lockhart


Landres ist Name oder Namensbestandteil zweier französischer Gemeinden:

 Landres im Département Meurthe-et-Moselle
 Landres-et-Saint-Georges im Département Ardennes

Landres ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Paul Landres (1912–2001), US-amerikanischer Regisseur

Landres (Begriffsklärung)


Das Haus Pölle 45  ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Gebäude in der Stadt Quedlinburg in Sachsen-Anhalt.

Lage
Es befindet sich südöstlich des Marktplatzes der Stadt und gehört zum UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe. Westlich des Gebäudes steht das, in der Fluchtlinie vorspringende, gleichfalls denkmalgeschützte Haus Pölle 46.

Architektur und Geschichte
Das große dreigeschossige Fachwerkhaus entstand nach einer Bauinschrift im Jahr 1673. Im Quedlinburger Denkmalverzeichnis ist es als Kaufmannshaus eingetragen. In der Fachwerkfassade finden sich sowohl ältere Gestaltungselemente, wie profilierte Knaggen und Kerbschnitt, als auch Neuere, wie sich mit Andreaskreuzen abwechselnde Rautenkreuze, Pyramidenbalkenköpfe und im zweiten Obergeschoss Brüstungsstreben. An der Westseite des Hauses befindet sich eine Hofdurchfahrt, die um 1850 entstand.

Literatur
 Falko Grubitzsch in: Georg Dehio: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Sachsen-Anhalt. Band 1: Ute Bednarz, Folkhard Cremer u. a.: Regierungsbezirk Magdeburg. Neubearbeitung. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München u. a. 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7, S. 756.
 Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Sachsen-Anhalt (Hrsg.): Denkmalverzeichnis Sachsen-Anhalt. Band 7: Falko Grubitzsch, unter Mitwirkung von Alois Bursy, Mathias Köhler, Winfried Korf, Sabine Oszmer, Peter Seyfried und Mario Titze: Landkreis Quedlinburg. Teilband 1: Stadt Quedlinburg. Fliegenkopf, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-910147-67-4, S. 215 f.

Einzelnachweise

Kulturdenkmal in Quedlinburg
Fachwerkhaus in Quedlinburg
Erbaut in den 1670er Jahren
Wohngebäude in Quedlinburg
Pölle (Quedlinburg)

Pölle 45 (Quedlinburg)


Lorenzo Guillermo Botero Nieto (Bogotá, 9 de abril de 1948) é um advogado, empresario, conferencista e político colombiano. Foi nomeado Ministro da Defesa entre agosto de 2018 e novembro de 2019.

Biografia

Início
Botero nasceu em Bogotá em 1948, dia dos eventos de El Bogotazo. Ele é filho do comerciante Lorenzo Botero Jaramillo, fundador da FENALCO, uma guilda que reúne todos os comerciantes da Colômbia e, portanto, um dos setores mais importantes da Colômbia. Ele se formou no Colegio Calasanz em Bogotá e depois estudou Ciência Política.

Estudou Direito na Universidad de los Andes, onde também foi professor, e é empresário com larga experiência na Colômbia, combinou a advocacia com atividades empresariais nas áreas de comércio exterior, operações logísticas e, paralelamente, sempre atrelado às atividades sindicais.

Carreira no setor privado

Em sua atividade empresarial, destaca-se a exportação de flores desde 1979 e a presidência por 10 anos até 2003 de uma empresa dedicada à armazenagem, movimentação e custódia de mercadorias do setor logístico, denominada Consimex S.A. Desde novembro de 2003, ocupa a Presidência da FENALCO, entidade à qual está vinculado como membro de seu Conselho de Administração em diversas ocasiões desde 1985.

Guillermo Botero também foi palestrante em vários fóruns sobre questões políticas e econômicas.

Entre 2016 e 2017, foi presidente do Conselho de Administração da Câmara de Comércio de Bogotá e entre 2020 e 2021 foi membro principal do Conselho de Administração de Corferias.

Carreira no setor público

Ministerio de Defesa
Foi nomeado pelo Presidente Iván Duque como o novo Ministro da Defesa Nacional.

Em 2019, o secretário de Defesa dos Estados Unidos, James Mattis, reuniu-se com Botero em Bogotá para discutir questões de defesa nacional, levando em conta o longo relacionamento entre os dois governos no tratamento desses assuntos. Mattis agradeceu a Botero e ao governo colombiano por todos os seus esforços para fortalecer a segurança na Colômbia e por denunciar ações antidemocráticas, especialmente de governos de países como Venezuela e Nicarágua.

Moções de censura e renúncia

Em seu mandato, enfrentou duas tentativas de moção de censuraː A primeira em junho de 2019, onde obteve sucesso devido ao apoio da bancada do governo, e outra em novembro de 2019.

Antes que a segunda moção fosse votada, Botero anunciou sua renúncia em 6 de novembro de 2019, um dia antes de seu início, após imensa pressão cidadã causada por vários eventos apresentados em seu mandato, como o assassinato de Dimar Torres ou do bombardeio de um local ocupado por dissidentes das FARC no município de Porto Rico, Caquetá, onde morreram 18 menores.

Embaixada da Colômbia no Chile

Depois de renunciar ao cargo de ministro da Defesa, em 2021 Botero foi nomeado pelo presidente Iván Duque como embaixador da Colômbia na República do Chile. Ele substituiu Alberto Rendón Cuartas, que ocupava o cargo desde 2018. Como parte da agenda diplomática, que inclui tratar de questões de cooperação econômica e cultural entre as nações, durante o mandato de Botero, foram comemorados os 200 anos de relações diplomáticas entre esses dois países.

Ver também
 Conflito armado na Colômbia

Ligações externas

Referências

Homens
Nascidos em 1948
Naturais de Bogotá
Políticos da Colômbia
Advogados da Colômbia
Empresários da Colômbia

Guillermo Botero


Melissa Warburg Rosenberg (previously Endicott; born January 20, 1968), known professionally as Melissa Rivers, is an American actress and television host. She is the only child of the late comedian Joan Rivers and producer Edgar Rosenberg.

Early life
Melissa Warburg Rosenberg was born on January 20, 1968, in New York City. She is the only child of Joan Rivers and Edgar Rosenberg. She spent the majority of her childhood in Los Angeles, California. She attended the John Thomas Dye School, Marlborough School, and The Buckley School. Rivers first started dancing at the age of 8, taking once-a-week group lessons. She became more serious about the activity at the age of 12, taking regular private lessons.

Rivers attended the University of Pennsylvania, where in 1989 she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in history. During her second year of college, her father Edgar died by suicide. In 1990, she took on her mother's stage surname, after which she became known as Melissa Rivers.

Career
As an actress, she has had roles in television shows including Beverly Hills 90210, Silk Stalkings and The Comeback. In 1998, she also appeared in the sci-fi/comedy made-for-television movie Men in White and in the 1999 film The Big Tease, a comedy directed by Kevin Allen starring Craig Ferguson. She and her mother, Joan Rivers, portrayed themselves in the 1994 celebrity docudrama Tears and Laughter: The Joan and Melissa Rivers Story.

In the early 1990s, she branched out on the pre-show red carpet, interviewing celebrities on nationally televised awards shows. Rivers, who has hosted various events and served as a producer for the E! Network, has hosted two of the channel's highest-rated specials: Oh Baby! Melissa's Guide to Pregnancy and Oh Toddler! Surviving the Early Years (aired in January 2002).

With her mother, she hosted fashion on the red carpet interviews for the E! cable network. In 2003, they left the red carpet pre-show on E! to accept a more lucrative deal with the TV Guide Channel valued at between $6 and $8 million. Also in 2003, she appeared on the ABC Network competitive reality show I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!. She has been a regular guest on the webcast show Tom Green's House Tonight.

In 2013, she was a co-creator and co-producer of Joan's YouTube web series In Bed with Joan, a 15- to 30-minute show with a new video uploaded weekly in which Joan interviewed a celebrity about a wide variety of personal topics in Joan's bed, with Melissa conducting interview questions for the last several minutes. Featured videos that have garnered the most views featured comedians Kathy Griffin, Sarah Silverman, and Margaret Cho, television personalities Kelly Osbourne and RuPaul, as well as YouTubers Jenna Mourey (Jenna "Marbles"), Grace Helbig ("itsgrace") and Justine Ezarik ("iJustine"). Other guests included Russell Peters, Gary Busey, Rob Delaney, Gabriel Iglesias, Carmen Electra, Lance Bass, Howie Mandel, Chris Hardwick, Bill Engvall, Tom Green, Penn Jillette, Aisha Tyler, Anthony Jeselnik, Nick Kroll and T.J. Miller. In 2013, Melissa and Joan were honored by the Ride of Fame and a double decker tour bus was dedicated to them.

On August 31, 2015, Fashion Police began featuring Rivers as a co-host.

Philanthropy
In 2003, she appeared in a PETA anti-fur ad campaign, encouraging consumers to "Fake It...for the Animals' Sake."

She raised $100,000 for the Make-A-Wish Foundation, resulting from ABC's 2006 television show I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! Live. On June 24, 2008, Rivers appeared on the NBC game show Celebrity Family Feud as part of the Rivers Family Team. She and her mother first battled against the Ice-T Family Team, then went on to compete against the Raven-Symoné Family Team. They won $50,000 for their charity, Guide Dogs for the Blind.

She appeared on the NBC reality television program Celebrity Apprentice playing for the Lili Claire Foundation. She was fired in the episode that aired April 26, 2009, after which she stormed out of the boardroom, verbally assaulted teammates Annie Duke and Brande Roderick, yelled at the production crew, and refused the obligatory exit interview. Her mother was also a contestant on that season of The Apprentice, and threatened to quit the show after Melissa's firing, but remained and ultimately won the competition.

She raised $22,250 on a special celebrity edition of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, where all the celebrities played to raise money for the research of Alzheimer's disease.

Personal life
Rivers married horse trainer John Endicott in December 1998, at New York City's Plaza Hotel in a $3 million wedding. They divorced in 2003. She has one son from that marriage, Edgar Cooper Endicott (born in 2000) who was featured with Rivers and her mother in the reality show Joan & Melissa: Joan Knows Best? She was in a relationship with sports coach Jason Zimmerman from 2008 to 2011.

On January 26, 2015, Rivers filed a malpractice lawsuit against the clinic and doctors who performed surgery on her mother that caused her death.

From 2015 to 2021, Rivers was in a relationship with talent agent Mark Rousso.

Filmography

Books
 (Biography/Humor)

Honors
On March 1, 2013, Rivers and her mother, Joan Rivers, were honored by the Ride of Fame and a double decker tour bus was dedicated to them in New York City.

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
Actresses from New York City
American female equestrians
American people of German-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American television hosts
American women in business
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from New York City
Jewish American actresses
American philanthropists
Joan Rivers
Participants in American reality television series
People from Los Angeles County, California
People from the Upper East Side
Television producers from New York City
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Television producers from California
Philanthropists from New York (state)
American women television producers
American women television presenters
The Apprentice (franchise) contestants

Melissa Rivers


නව වන ධර්ම පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජු වනාහි වීරපරාක්‍රම බාහු රජුගේ පුත්‍රයා ය.

වීරපරාක්‍රම බාහු රජු නම්  බුවනෙකබාහු නමින් රජ වූ සපුමල් කුමරුගේ සහෝදර අම්බුලුගල කුමරු ය.

බුවනෙකබාහු රජුගේ ඇවෑමෙන් ඔහුගෙ පුත් තනතුරේ වැඩුනු පරාක්‍රමබාහු කුමරු පණඩිත පරාක්‍රමබාහු නමින් රජ වීම්ට පැමිණියත් අම්බුලුගල කුමරු ඔහුව ජීවිතක්ෂයට පත් කරන ලදි.

අම්බුලුගල කුමරු වීර පරාක්‍රමබාහු නමින් රජ වූයේ ක්‍රි.ව. 1477 යැයි කල්පනා කරනු ලැබේ. ඔහු විසිවසක් රජ කලේය .

ඉන් පසු ඔහුගේ පුත් පැරකුම්බා කුමරු ධර්ම පරාක්‍රමබාහු නමින් ජයවර්ධන පුර රජ වූයේ ක්‍රි.ව.1497 විය යුතුය.ඔහු සියවසක් රජකම් කලේය .

ඔහුගේ ඇවෑමෙන් ඔහුගෙ සොහොයුරු විජයබාහු තෙමේ ක්‍රි.ව.1517දී රජ විය.

කෝට්ටේ නවවන ධර්ම පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජ


A Mighty Wind is a 2003 American mockumentary comedy film about a folk music reunion concert in which three folk bands reunite for a television performance for the first time in decades. Co-written (with Eugene Levy), directed, and composed by Christopher Guest, the film is widely acknowledged to reference folk music producer Harold Leventhal as the inspiration for the character of Irving Steinbloom and more broadly parodies the American folk music revival of the early 1960s and its personalities.

Guest co-stars and reunites many of his company of actors from This Is Spinal Tap, Waiting for Guffman, and Best in Show for this film, including Eugene Levy, Catherine O'Hara, Michael McKean, Harry Shearer, Fred Willard, Bob Balaban, Ed Begley Jr., Jennifer Coolidge, John Michael Higgins, Jane Lynch and Parker Posey.

Plot
After fictional folk music producer Irving Steinbloom dies, his children Jonathan, Naomi, and Elliott organize a memorial concert, which they hope to feature his three most famous acts: The Folksmen, The New Main Street Singers, and Mitch & Mickey.

The Folksmen trio — Mark Shubb, Alan Barrows, and Jerry Palter — were once the most popular of the acts but have not appeared together in decades. They had several minor hits, and their most famous song was "Old Joe's Place." Despite not playing or seeing each other for many years, their reunion is very positive and full of good memories, so they diligently begin rehearsing for the concert. Although some tension arises over whether to include "Skeletons of Quinto", a convoluted, somber song about the Spanish Civil War, in their otherwise upbeat set list, they clearly enjoy working together again.

The New Main Street Singers are the second generation of the original Main Street Singers, formed by George Menschell, the only living member of the original group, who sings and holds a guitar he cannot play. Performers include Terry Bohner and his wife Laurie, a former adult film star, now founders of Witches in Nature's Colors (WINC), a coven of modern-day witches that worships the power of color, and former juvenile delinquent Sissy Knox, the daughter of Fred Knox, one of the original Main Street Singers. Their manager, Mike LaFontaine, most famously appeared in a short-lived and mostly forgotten 1970 sitcom, Wha' Happened?, but is constantly puzzling others by quoting his character Li'l Eddie Dees' catchphrases, including the show's titular tagline. The group is known for their complex harmonies, forming what Menschell terms a "neuftet".

Mitch Cohen and Mickey Crabbe appeared as Mitch & Mickey, a former couple that released seven albums and ended performances of their most famous song, "A Kiss at the End of the Rainbow," by kissing each other. After a dramatic break-up years before the events of the film, Mickey seemingly moved on and has married a medical supply salesman, but Mitch broke down emotionally and has never fully recovered. As the pair reunite and rehearse, romantic tension and personal regrets repeatedly imperil their participation in the concert.

The three groups, all of whom have sunk to various levels of musical irrelevance since their respective heyday, agree to the reunion performance, to be held at The Town Hall in New York and televised live on the PBS-like station PBN. The acts rehearse for the show and participate in interviews discussing their activities over the previous years and their feelings about performing again.

The show itself proceeds with only two hitches: the intended opening song for The Folksmen's set is played first by the New Main Street Singers (a song called "Never Did No Wanderin'", which the Folksmen sing in a rugged, emotional manner consistent with the spirit of the song, while the New Main Street Singers perform it in their usual peppy, carefree way), and Mitch temporarily disappears minutes before he and Mickey are to perform, forcing the Folksmen to extend their set. It turns out that Mitch had gone to buy a rose for Mickey, which she gratefully accepts as they go on stage. They perform "A Kiss at the End of the Rainbow", and after a suspenseful pause, they do the much-anticipated kiss at the end. In the finale, all three acts sing "A Mighty Wind" together.

Six months after the concert, many of the performers detail subsequent events via interviews. Mickey is performing "The Sure-Flo Song" (about a medical device used for bladder control) at her husband Leonard's trade show booth, while Mitch is writing poetry again, claiming to be in a "prolific phase". Mickey claims that Mitch overreacted to their onstage kiss, while Mitch insists that he no longer has feelings for Mickey, but had worried that Mickey's feelings for him might have returned.  LaFontaine is trying to drum up interest for a sitcom called "Supreme Folk", in which the New Main Street Singers star as characters who are Supreme Court judges by day and folk singers sharing a house by night. The Folksmen have reunited, but Mark Shubb, now a transgender woman named Marta, has revamped her wardrobe and continues to sing in her deep bass voice, followed now by a girlish giggle.

Cast

Production

Origins

Guest, McKean and Shearer first appeared as The Folksmen in a season 10 episode of Saturday Night Live that aired on November 3, 1984, when Guest and Shearer were both repertory cast members of the show and McKean was that week's host. Earlier that year, Guest, McKean and Shearer had appeared as the titular group in the mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap, a parody of aging heavy metal bands. McKean later stated, "I came and hosted a show, and in lieu of another 'Tap' piece, we did these guys."

The Folksmen later appeared in Spinal Tap's 1992 TV special, The Return of Spinal Tap, and the original concept for A Mighty Wind was to give The Folksmen their own narrative vehicle.

Development
"A Kiss at the End of the Rainbow", which was composed for the film by Michael McKean and wife Annette O'Toole, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song.

In the commentary for the DVD release, Christopher Guest and Eugene Levy noted that, in a scene cut from the finished movie, it is explained that Menschell cannot play the guitar. However, just before a performance of the original Main Street Singers, he stained his shirt front and covered it up by holding a guitar for the performance, something he continued to do for all subsequent performances.

Music

Soundtrack

The official soundtrack, titled A Mighty Wind: The Album, was released on April 8, 2003, shortly before the film's premiere. It peaked at number 20 on the Billboard Top Soundtracks chart.

Credits adapted from the album's liner notes and AllMusic.

Promotional tour
Following the release of the film, the cast performed a show in character at the Getty Center in Los Angeles. This was followed by a seven-city U.S. tour in the fall of 2003 to promote the release of the film on DVD. The tour dates were: Philadelphia (Tower Theater, September 19), New York City (The Town Hall, September 20), Washington, D.C. (The 9:30 Club, September 21), Boston (Orpheum Theatre, September 22), Los Angeles (Wilshire Theatre, November 8), San Francisco (Warfield Theatre, November 9) and Seattle (McCaw Hall, November 14), with an additional performance in Vancouver, BC.

Reception

Critical response
The film received mostly positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 87% based on reviews from 175 critics, and an average rating of 7.35/10, with the sites consensus, "Though not as uproariously funny as Guest's previous movies, A Mighty Wind is also more heartfelt." On Metacritic the film has a score of 81% based on reviews from 40 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

San Francisco Chronicles Mick LaSalle stated that it "gently caricatures the folk music scene with dozens of delicate brush strokes, creating a picture that's increasingly, gloriously funny – as in entire lines of dialogue are lost because the audience's laughing so hard." The review also displayed a drawing of the newspaper's character of The Little Man giving a standing ovation (the Chronicles equivalent of a five-star rating). Roger Ebert stated that "though there were many times when I laughed", "the edge is missing from Guest's usual style" perhaps because he "is too fond of the characters". Ebert gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four.

Awards

Michael McKean and Annette O'Toole were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, for the song "A Kiss at the End of the Rainbow," which was performed at the 76th Academy Awards by Levy and O'Hara (in character). "A Mighty Wind" won the Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media award for Christopher Guest, Eugene Levy, and Michael McKean at the 46th Grammy Awards.

Box office
The film had a moderate intake for its opening day in April 2003, grossing $307,931 in total. It went on to gross $2,112,140 in 133 theatres for an average of $15,880 per theatre. With a domestic total of $17,583,468 and an international total of $969,240, the film brought in a total of $18,750,246 during its theatrical run.

References

External links

 Christopher Guest interview for A Mighty Wind

2000s parody films
2003 films
American parody films
Castle Rock Entertainment films
Films about music and musicians
Films set in New York City
Films shot in Connecticut
American mockumentary films
Saturday Night Live films
Warner Bros. films
Films directed by Christopher Guest
Films with screenplays by Christopher Guest
Films with screenplays by Eugene Levy
Transgender-related films
2003 comedy films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

A Mighty Wind


Alécia Morais (Santo Antão, 1997) é uma modelo cabo-verdiana que em 2012 venceu a edição cabo-verdiana do concurso Elite Model Look.

Percurso
Foi aos 14/15 anos que o potencial de Alécia para as passarelas chamou a atenção. "Fui descoberta na minha ilha quando estava a caminho da escola. Lembro-me desse dia como se fosse ontem. A senhora que me descobriu foi diretamente a casa da minha família para falar com eles e convecê-los para que eu fizesse parte de um evento chamado Elite Model Look", disse a modelo em entrevista à revista 5 Eleven. Aos 15, em 2012, a modelo venceu a edição cabo-verdiana do evento, seguindo-se a participação no Elite Model Look Internacional, em Xangai, onde foi nomeada um dos melhores 15 talentos. Essa viagem para a China - a primeira para fora de Cabo Verde - marca o ínicio da sua carreira internacional no mundo da moda.

Aos 20 anos, a modelo foi selecionda para integrar o internacionalmente reconhecido desfile da marca Victoria's Secret, tornando-se na primeira modelo cabo-verdiana a conseguir o feito. A nível dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa, na mesma edição do evento, a modelo angolana Almina Estevão, na altura com 18 anos, também integrou pela primeira vez o leque de modelos selecionadas.

Agenciada pela Da banda Model Management, fundada por Córeon Dú, Alécia Morais vive e trabalha maioritariamente em Nova Iorque, nos EUA.

O seu currículo conta com passagens pelas Semanas da Moda de Paris, Milão e Londres e já desfilou para marcas mundialmente reconhecidas como Louis Vuitton, Dior, Chanel, Dolce Gabbana, Tom Ford, Tommy Hilfiger, Victoria's Secret, La Perla, MAC Cosmetics, Laura Mercier, entre outras.

Reconhecimento e prémios

 Em 2012, venceu a edição cabo-verdiana do concurso Elite Model Look.
 Em 2021, foi nomeada uma das 100 Personalidades Negras Mais Influentes da Lusofonia, pela PowerList100 Bantumen.

Referências

Nascidos em 1997
Moda
Modelos
Cabo-verdianos

Alécia Morais


Die Familie Lasser zu Zollheim war ein osttirolisch-salzburgisches Adelsgeschlecht.

Geschichte
Die Lasser waren Salzburger Patrizier und gehörten auch dem Landstand des Erzstiftes Salzburg an. Rupert Lasser, 1525 Bürgermeister von Salzburg, baute das Kirchhofgut Niederalm zu dem Schloss Lasseregg aus. Kaiser Maximilian I. verlieh 1514 ein Wappen.
Wolf von Lasser war von 1541 bis 1558 Bürgermeister von Salzburg. Die Lasser von Zollheim waren von 1597 bis 1804 die Pfleger der salzburgischen Güter in Tirol mit Sitz in Windisch-Matrei. Der ehemalige Ansitz der Lasser in Zollhaim, Gemeinde Matrei in Osttirol besteht heute noch.

Wolfgang Adam Lasser erhielt am 9. Juli 1574 einen Wappenbrief. Wolfgang Andreas Lasser, Pfleger zu Windisch-Matrei, und Johann Adam Lasser († 1734 zu Friesach in Kärnten), salzburgischer Rat und Vizedomamts-Verweser wurden vom Kaiser Joseph I. am 30. November 1708 mit dem Prädikat "von Zollhaimb" in den Reichsritterstand erhoben. Am 20. März 1867 wurde das Geschlecht in den Freiherrenstand erhoben.

Die Salzburger Zweige Lasser von Lasseregg und Lasser von Marzoll sind erloschen, die freiherrliche Linie ist im 16. Jahrhundert nach Kurmainz ausgewandert.

Wappen

Das Stammwappen zeigt in Gold einen mit drei bestängelten silbernen Kleeblättern hinter einander belegten schräglinker Balken. Auf dem Helm mit blau-goldenen und blau-silbernen Decken ein goldener Flug, belegt mit dem Schildbild.
Das Freiherrenwappen: Quadriertes Schild mit dem Stammwappen im Mittelschild. Feld 1 in Schwarz eine altertümliche, goldene Bischofsmütze mit Rückenbändern, 2 und 3 in Rot ein rechts gekehrter, doppelt geschwänzter silberner Löwe mit ausgeschlagener roter Zunge, 4 in Blau ein hohes silbernes Kleeblattkreuz. Freiherrnkrone, Gekrönter Helm mit offenem goldenem Adlersflug, der rechts mit einem schräglinken, links mit einem schrägrechten, wie im Mittelfeld gelegten blauen Balken überzogen ist. Helmdecken rechts blau-golden, links blau-silbern. Schildhalter: zwei einwärts sehende natürliche Steinböcke auf einer goldenen Arabeskenverzierung; Devise: Trau der Treu.

Persönlichkeiten
 Wolf von Lasser, Bürgermeister von Salzburg (1541–1558)
 Josef Lasser von Zollheim (1815–1879), österreichischer Staatsmann, mehrmaliger Minister, Statthalter von Tirol, Autor des Bauernbefreiungsgesetzes von 1848
 Johann Baptist Lasser von Zollheim (1822–1889), österreichischer Ordenspriester und Abt von Lambach

Literatur
 Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch der freiherrlichen Häuser, 1872, Zwei und zwanzigster Jahrgang, S.760f
 MM von Weittenhiller. In: J. Siebmacher's großes und allgemeines Wappenbuch, IV. Band, 6. Abteilung; Der Salzburgische Adel, 1883, S. 35.
 Adolf Hahnl: Die ehemalige Erbgruftkapelle der Familie Lasser von Lasseregg in St. Peter in Salzburg. In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde. Band 143_2, 2003, S. 219–236 ().

Weblinks

 Lasser von Zollheim im Salzburgwiki (mit Stammliste)
 Tiroler Wappen, Die Fischnaler Wappenkartei: Lasser Wolfgang, Lasser Thomas auf Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum

Einzelnachweise

Salzburger Adelsgeschlecht
Tiroler Adelsgeschlecht

Lasser von Zollheim


"Rock Me" este piesa care a câștigat Concursul Muzical Eurovision 1989, cântată de către trupa Riva care reprezenta Iugoslavia. A fost prima și ultima victorie a țării în concurs. Cântecul a fost interpretat în limba croată. La reinterpretarea piesei vocalista Emilija Kokić a cântat piesa în engleză.

Victoria cântecului a dus la o conștientizare internațională a rock-ului croat iugoslav.

Vocalista trupei, Emilija Kokić a continuat să apară în diferite spectacole dar nu a mai avut vreo reușită însemnată după victoria din 1989.

Referințe

Cântece la Concursul Muzical Eurovision 1989

Rock Me (cântec de Riva)


NGC 279 este o galaxie lenticulară situată în constelația Balena. A fost descoperită în 1 octombrie 1785 de către William Herschel. De asemenea, a fost observată încă o dată în 16 octombrie 1827 de către John Herschel.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 278
 NGC 280

Legături externe
 NGC 279 pe spider.seds.org
 NGC 279 pe WikiSky

Galaxii lenticulare
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1785
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de William Herschel

NGC 279


August Strixner (n. 1820, Viena - d. 1862) a fost un desenator, pictor, acuarelist și litograf austriac.

În perioada 1836-1855 a lucrat la Viena, Budapesta și München.

Între 1848 și 1855 a lucrat la Pesta, unde a realizat planșe dedicate diferitelor arme.

Stabilit la București, August Strixner este autorul litografiei tipărite la București în condiții foarte îngrijite, astăzi păstrată în colecțiile Academiei Române, care reprezintă portretul de dimensiuni mari a prințului Dimitrie Alexandru Ghica zis "Beizadea Mitică" (1816-1879), fiul fostului domnitor Grigore al IV-lea Ghica, în costum militar, frumos desenat. Același autor, a pictat și portretul din tinerețe a lui Andrei Șaguna.

Pictura alegorică a lui Gheorghe Tattarescu, intitulată "Unirea Principatelor" a fost litografiată de August Strixner, prieten cu Tattarescu, și trasă în atelierul lui Gustav Wonneberg din București. După ce, în vara anului 1857, librăria C. Ioanid a anunțat-o prin gazeta semi-oficială "Anunțătorul român", această litografie a fost difuzată cu mult succes.

În 1861 a executat un portret al domnitorului Alexandru Ioan Cuza, în care domnitorul era îmbrăcat în uniformă de general, cu mai multe decorații pe piept și purta favoriți. Pentru aceasta, Strixner a pornit de la o fotografie făcută de W. Wollenteit, a mărit bustul și a tratat cu multă plasticitate fizionomia și detaliile vestimentare ale domnitorului, folosind creta litografică.

Note

Nașteri în 1820
Decese în 1862
Pictori austrieci

August Strixner


Aceasta este o listă de filme britanice din 1969:

Lista

Note

Legături externe
 Filme britanice din 1969 la Internet Movie Database

Vezi și
1969 în Marea Britanie
1969 în film
1969 în televiziune

 *Listă
britanice
Liste de filme britanice

Listă de filme britanice din 1969


مقاومة الشد  هي مقياس لمقدار الإجهاد الذي تتعرض له المادة عند وصولها لنقطة الانهيار، التي عندها تتحطم أو تفقد تماسكها، أي هي أقصى إجهاد يمكن للمادة تحمله بدون أن تنهار . ومقاومة الشد هي خاصية غير مقدارية، أي لا تتغير بتغير مقدار المادة التي يتم اختبارها، ولكنها تتوقف على إعداد عينة الاختبار ودرجة الحرارة في الوسط الذي يجرى فيه الاختبار. وهذه الخاصية هي أحد أهم المقاييس في مجال الإنشاء وفي مجالات الهندسة عموما، وغالبا ما تستخدم بالنسبة لمواد في صورة حبال أو أسلاك أو قضبان إنشائية.

بعض المواد عندما يحدث بها كسر يكون كسر حاد فلا يحدث بالمادة تشكل لدن أثناء مقاومة الشد، فيما يُطلق عليه «انهيار هش». في حين أن المواد الأخرى تكون مطيلية، وهي في الغالب معظم المعادن، حيث يحدث بالمادة حالة تشكل لدن نتيجة لمقاومة الشد.

تُعين قيمة مقاومة الشد القُصوى باجراء تجربة شد%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%AF، فتُسجل قيم الإجهاد الهندسي للمادة في مقابل قيم الانفعال لها. أعلى نقطة في منحنى تغير الانفعال مع الإجهاد (أُنظر للمنحنى المقابل ) تُمثل مقاومة الشد القُصوى للمادة.

انظر أيضاً
 سطح الخضوع
 انفعال مرن

هوامش
 يقابلها بالإنجليزية Tensile strength

مراجع

علم المواد
مرونة
هندسة مدنية
هندسة الميكانيك

مقاومة الشد


Rejumurija (lat. Reaumuria), rod grmova iz porodice Tamaricaceae.

Postoji dvadesetak vrsta raširenih od Sjeverne Afrike i Silije na istok preko umjerene Azije do Kine. Tipična vrsta je R. vermiculata L., od Alžira do Sinaja i na Siciliji.

 Reaumuria alternifolia (Labill.) Britten
 Reaumuria atreki Botsch. & Zuckerw.
 Reaumuria babataghi Botsch.
 Reaumuria botschantzevii Zuckerw. & Kurbanov
 Reaumuria floyeri S.Moore
 Reaumuria fruticosa Boiss.
 Reaumuria halophila Podlech
 Reaumuria hirtella Jaub. & Spach
 Reaumuria kaschgarica Rupr.
 Reaumuria kermanensis Bornm.
 Reaumuria korovinii Botsch. & Lincz.
 Reaumuria kuznetzovii Sosn. & Manden.
 Reaumuria minfengensis D.F.Cui & M.J.Zhong
 Reaumuria negevensis Zohary & Danin
 Reaumuria oxiana (Ledeb.) Boiss.
 Reaumuria persica (Boiss.) Boiss.
 Reaumuria reflexa Lipsky
 Reaumuria sivasica Kit Tan & Yildiz
 Reaumuria songarica (Pall.) Maxim.
 Reaumuria stocksii Boiss.
 Reaumuria tatarica Jaub. & Spach
 Reaumuria trigyna Maxim.
 Reaumuria turkestanica Gorschk.
 Reaumuria vermiculata L.

Sinonimi
 Beaumulix Willd. ex Poir.
 Eichwaldia Ledeb.
 Hololachna Ehrenb.
 Racletia Adans.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Metlikovke

Rejumurija


Üzeyir Hacıbeyov, Üzeyir Bey Hacıbeyli, Üzeyir Abdül Hüseyin oğlu Hacıbeyov (Azerice: Üzeyir Hacıbəyov, Üzeyir bəy Hacıbəyli, Üzeyir Əbdülhüseyn oğlu Hacıbəyov) (18 Eylül 1885 - 23 Kasım 1948) Azeri Sovyet bestecisi.

Bilim insanı, yazar, tercüman, orkestra şefi olarak tanınan Üzeyir bey bütün doğu aleminde opera'nın ilk yaratıcısıdır. Büyük müzik alimi olan Üzeyir Hacıbeyli, Azerbaycan'da müzik biliminin esasını koymuştur. SSCB halk artisti (1938), Azerbaycan İlimler Akademisinin akademiki (1945), profesör (1940), Stalin mükafatları sahibi (1941, 1946), Azerbaycan Bestekârlar İttifakının başkanı (1938-1948), Azerbaycan Devlet Konservatuvarının rektörü (1928-1929; 1939-1948), Azerbaycan İlimler Akademisinin Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsünün müdürü (1945-1948) olmuştur.

Şuşa kazasının Ağcabedi köyünde doğdu, küçük yaşlarında ailesi Şuşa şehrine göçtü ve ilk tahsilini burada Rus-Tatar (Azeri) okulunda aldı. İlk  müzik eğitimini Azerbaycan halk müziğinin bilicisi olan dayısı A. Aliverdibeyov'dan aldı. 1899-1904 yıllarında Gori Öğretmen Lisesi'ne okurken keman ve teori dersleri aldı. Liseyi bitirdikten sonra kısa bir süre Hadrud köyünde (1904), daha sonra  ise Bakü'ye göçerek burada öğretmenlik yaptı, gazete ve dergilerde makale ve karikatürleri yayımladı.

12 Ocak, 1908 yılında Bakü'de Hacı Zeynelabidin Tağıyev'in tiyatro binasında, sözlerini büyük şair Füzuli'nin aynı ad altında yazmış olduğu eserinden alınan ve doğuda ilk opera olan "Leyla ve Mecnun" operasını sahneledi.

Daha sonra "Şeyh Sinan" (1909), "Rüstem İle Zöhreb" (1910), "Şah Abbas ve Hurşid Banu" (1912), "Aslı ile Kerem" (1912), "Harun ve Leyla" (1915) adlı operalarını ve "Karı ile Koca" (1909, 1910'da sahnelendi), "O Olmazsa Bu Olsun / Meşhedi İbad" (1910, 1911'da sahnelendi) ve "Arşın Mal Alan" (1913) adlı müzikalleri besteledi.

1911 yılında müzik eğitimini önce Moskova daha sonra Sankt-Peterburg Konservatuvarı'nda sürdürdü.

1921'de Bakü'de Azeri oğrenciler için ilk müzik okulu olan Azerbaycan Devlet Türk Müzik Okulunu kurdu. Okul 1926 yılında Azerbaycan Devlet Konservatuvarına katıldı.

Eserlerinde, Azeri halk müziğini çağdaş bir şekilde yorumlayarak kullanan Hacıbeyov, aynı zamanda bir yazar ve şairdir. Eserlerinin metinlerini kendi yazmıştır. Hacıbeyov'un Azeri halk müziğinin esasları ile ilgili eserleri okullarda ders kitapları olarak okutulmaktadır. Hacıbeyov, 1937 yılında "Köroğlu" operasını besteledi. Bu eser "Arşın Mal Alan" müzikali ile birlikte SSCB döneminde "Devlet Mükafatı"na layık görüldü. Hacıbeyov, Azerbaycan Besteciler Kurumu Başkanlığı yaptı ve Sovyetler Birliği Yüksek Prezidium üyeliğine de getirildi.

Üzeyir Hacıbeyov Azerbaycan halk edebiyatını ve müziğini klasik batı müziği ile birleştirerek klasik müziğin halk arasında sevilmesini sağlamıştır.Bu şekilde batı kaynaklı klasik müziğin Azerbaycan kültüründe kendine özgü bir yeri olmuştur.

Besteci Hacıbeyov'un eserleri arasında, Azerbaycan Milli Marşı da bulunmaktadır. Besteci, 1948 yılında öldü.

Doğum günü 18 Eylül Azerbaycan'da Müzik Günüdür.

Kaynakça

1885 doğumlular
Şuşa doğumlu müzisyenler
1948 yılında ölenler
Fahri Hiyabanı'nda defnedilenler
Azeri opera bestecileri
Sovyet opera bestecileri
Azeri bale bestecileri
Azeri film müziği bestecileri
Azeri opera yönetmenleri
Azeri koro şefleri
Azeri müzik eğitimcileri
Azeri müzikologlar
Azeri etnomüzikologlar
Ulusal marş yazarları
Stalin Ödülü sahipleri
SSCB Halk Sanatçıları
Azerbaycan SSC Halk Sanatçıları

Üzeyir Hacıbeyov


Mitrella kentii, jedna od devet vrsta biljaka u rodu Mitrella. Tropska je vrsta penjačica iz kišnih šuma s poluotoka Malaja, Sumatre, Jave, Singapura i Bornea.

Listovi su eliptični do kopljasto eliptični i naizmjenični. Cvjetovi po kedan ili u paru. Plodovi su okrugli, svaki ima po dvije sjemenke. Oprašivanje se vrši kukcima.

Izvori

Annonaceae

Mitrella kentii


The Songhay, Songhai or Ayneha languages  (,  or ) are a group of closely related languages/dialects centred on the middle stretches of the Niger River in the West African countries of Mali, Niger, Benin, Burkina Faso and Nigeria. In particular, they are spoken in the cities of Timbuktu, Djenné, Niamey and Gao. They have been widely used as a lingua franca in that region ever since the era of the Songhai Empire. In Mali, the government has officially adopted the dialect of Gao (east of Timbuktu) as the dialect to be used as a medium of primary education.

Some Songhay languages have little to no mutual intelligibility between each other. For example, Koyraboro Senni, spoken in Gao, is unintelligible to speakers of Zarma in Niger, according to Ethnologue. However, Songhoyboro Ciine, Zarma, and Dendi have high mutual intelligibility within Niger.

For linguists, a major point of interest in the Songhay languages has been the difficulty of determining their genetic affiliation; they are commonly taken to be Nilo-Saharan, as defined by Joseph Greenberg in 1963, but this classification remains controversial. Linguist Gerrit Dimmendaal (2008) believes that for now it is best considered an independent language family. Roger Blench argues that the Songhay and Saharan languages form a Songhay-Saharan branch with each other within the wider Nilo-Saharan linguistic phylum.

Historically, the name Songhay was neither an ethnic nor a linguistic designation for all, but a name for the ruling caste of the Songhai Empire which are the Songhai proper. The term used by the natives to address the languages and people collectively is "Ayneha". Aside the Songhai proper, some speakers in Mali have also adopted the name Songhay as an ethnic designation,  while other Songhay-speaking groups identify themselves with other ethnic terms, such as Zarma (Djerma) or Isawaghen (Sawaq).

A few precolonial poems and letters composed in Songhay and written in the Arabic script exist in Timbuktu. However, Songhay is currently written in the Latin script.

Varieties

Researchers classify the Songhay languages into two main branches; Southern and Northern. Southern Songhay is centered on the Niger River. Zarma (Djerma), the most widely spoken Songhay language with two or three million speakers, is a major language of southwestern Niger (downriver from and south of Mali) including in the capital city, Niamey. Koyraboro Senni, with 400,000 speakers, is the language of the town of Gao, the seat of the old Songhai Empire. Koyra Chiini is spoken to its west. The much smaller Northern Songhay is a group of heavily Berber-influenced dialects spoken in the Sahara. Since the Berber influence extends beyond the lexicon into the inflectional morphology, the Northern Songhay languages are sometimes viewed as mixed languages.

Genetic affiliation

Diedrich Hermann Westermann, a missionary and linguist, hesitated between assigning it to Gur or considering it an isolate, and Maurice Delafosse grouped it with Mande. At present, Songhay is normally considered to be Nilo-Saharan, following Joseph Greenberg's 1963 reclassification of African languages; Greenberg's argument is based on about 70 claimed cognates, including pronouns. This proposal has been developed further by, in particular, Lionel Bender, who saw it as an independent subfamily of Nilo-Saharan. Roger Blench notes that Songhay shares the defining singulative–plurative morphology typical of Nilo-Saharan languages. As of 2011, he believes that Songhay is closest to the neighboring Saharan languages and is not divergent.

However, a Nilo-Saharan classification is controversial. Greenberg's argument was subjected to serious criticism by Lacroix, who deemed only about 30 of Greenberg's claimed cognates acceptable, and moreover argued that these held mainly between Zarma and the Saharan languages, thus leading one to suspect them of being loanwords. Certain Songhay–Mande similarities have long been observed (at least since Westermann), and Mukarovsky (1966), Denis Creissels (1981) and Nicolaï (1977, 1984) investigated the possibility of a Mande relationship; Creissels made some 50 comparisons, including many body parts and morphological suffixes (such as the causative in -endi), while Nicolaï claimed some 450 similar words as well as some conspicuous typological traits. However, Nicolaï eventually concluded that this approach was not adequate, and in 1990 proposed a distinctly novel hypothesis: that Songhay is a Berber-based creole language, restructured under Mande influence. In support of this he proposed 412 similarities, ranging all the way from basic vocabulary (tasa "liver") to obvious borrowings (anzad "violin", alkaadi "qadi".) Others, such as Gerrit Dimmendaal, were not convinced, and Nicolaï (2003) appears to consider the question of Songhay's origins still open, while arguing against Bender's proposed etymologies.

Greenberg's morphological similarities with Nilo-Saharan include the personal pronouns ai (cf. Zaghawa ai), 'I', ni (cf. Kanuri nyi), 'you (sg.)', yer (e.g. Kanuri -ye), 'we', wor (cf. Kanuri -wi), 'you (pl.)'; relative and adjective formants -ma (e.g. Kanuri -ma) and -ko (cf. Maba -ko), a plural suffix -an (?), a hypothetical plural suffix -r (cf. Teso -r) which he takes to appear in the pronouns yer and wor, intransitive/passive -a (cf. Teso -o).

The most striking of the Mande similarities listed by Creissels are the third person pronouns a sg. (pan-Mande a), i pl. (pan-Mande i or e), the demonstratives wo "this" (cf. Manding o, wo) and no "there" (cf. Soninke no, other Mande na), the negative na (found in a couple of Manding dialects) and negative perfect mana (cf. Manding má, máŋ), the subjunctive ma (cf. Manding máa), the copula ti (cf. Bisa ti, Manding de/le), the verbal connective ka (cf. Manding kà), the suffixes -ri (resultative – cf. Mandinka -ri, Bambara -li process nouns), -ncè (ethnonymic, cf. Soninke -nke, Mandinka -nka), -anta (ordinal, cf. Soninke -ndi, Mandinka -njaŋ...), -anta (resultative participle, cf. Soninke -nte), -endi (causative, cf. Soninke, Mandinka -ndi), and the postposition ra "in" (cf. Manding lá, Soso ra...)

The Songhay languages are considered to be an independent family by Dimmendaal (2011), although he classifies Saharan as part of Nilo-Saharan.

Grammar
Songhay is mostly a tonal, SOV group of languages, an exception being the divergent Koyra Chiini of Timbuktu, which is non-tonal and uses SVO order.

Songhay has a morpheme -ndi which marks either the causative or the agentless passive. Verbs can even take two instances of the morpheme, one for each meaning. Thus ŋa-ndi-ndi figuratively translates to "[the rice] was made to be eaten [by someone: causee] [by someone: causer]".

Reconstruction of Proto-Songhay

Below are some Proto-Songhay reconstructions:

Some Proto-Eastern Songhay reconstructions are:

Numerals
Comparison of numerals in individual languages:

Bibliography
 Dimmendaal, Gerrit. 2008. Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5): 843ff.
 Dupuis-Yakouba, Auguste. 1917.  Essai pratique de méthode pour l'étude de la langue songoï ou songaï [...]. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
 Hunwick, John O.; Alida Jay Boye. 2008. The Hidden Treasures of Timbuktu. Thames & Hudson.
 Nicolaï, Robert. 1981. Les dialectes du songhay: contribution à l'étude des changements linguistiques. Paris: SELAF. 302 pp.
 Nicolaï, Robert & Petr Zima. 1997. Songhay. LINCOM-Europa. 52 pp.
 Prost, R.P.A. [André]. 1956. La langue sonay et ses dialectes. Dakar: IFAN. Series: Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire; 47. 627 pp.

Publisher and publication abbreviations:
CSLI = Center for the Study of Language and Information.
IFAN = Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (since renamed the Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire).
SELAF = Société d'études linguistiques et anthropologiques de France.
SUGIA = Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika, journal published by Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Cologne (Köln).
Köppe = Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.

On genetic affiliation
 Bender, M. Lionel. 1996. The Nilo-Saharan Languages: A Comparative Essay. München: LINCOM-Europa. 253 pp
 Roger Blench and Colleen Ahland, "The Classification of Gumuz and Koman Languages", presented at the Language Isolates in Africa workshop, Lyons, December 4, 2010
 D. Creissels. 1981. "De la possibilité de rapprochements entre le songhay et les langues Niger–Congo (en particulier Mandé)."  In Th. Schadeberg, M. L. Bender, eds., Nilo-Saharan : Proceedings of the First Nilo-Saharan Linguistics Colloquium, Leiden, September 8–10, pp. 185–199. Foris Publications.
 Greenberg, Joseph, 1963. The Languages of Africa (International Journal of American Linguistics 29.1). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
 Lacroix, Pierre-Francis. 1971. "L'ensemble songhay-jerma: problèmes et thèmes de travail". In Acte du 8ème Congrès de la SLAO (Société Linguistique de l'Afrique Occidentale), Série H, Fasicule hors série, 87–100. Abidjan: Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan.
 Mukarovsky, H. G. 1966. "Zur Stellung der Mandesprachen".  Anthropos, 61:679-88.
 Nicolaï, Robert. 1977.  "Sur l'appartenance du songhay".  Annales de la faculté des lettres de Nice, 28:129–145.
 Nicolaï, Robert. 1984. Préliminaires à une étude sur l'origine du songhay: matériaux, problématique et hypothèses, Berlin: D. Reimer. Series: Marburger Studien zur Afrika- und Asienkunde. Serie A, Afrika; 37. 163 pp
 Nicolaï, Robert. 1990. Parentés linguistiques (à propos du songhay). Paris: CNRS. 209 pp
 Nicolaï, Robert. 2003. La force des choses ou l'épreuve 'nilo-saharienne': questions sur les reconstructions archéologiques et l'évolution des langues. SUGIA – Supplement 13. Köln: Köppe. 577 pp

References

Further reading
 Nicolai, Robert, et al. "SONGHAY: Une Langue Africaine En Contact Étroit Avec Le Berbère". In: Encyclopedie Berbere. Fasc. XLIII: Siga – Syphax, edited by Salem CHAKER, vol. 43, Peeters Publishers, 2019. pp. 7523–7537. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1q26k1s.28. Accessed 20 Jan. 2023.

External links
Wictionaire, Dictionary Songhai Koyraboro Senni – French, > 3000 Words
Relative Clauses in Tadaksahak
Some verb morphology features in Tadaksahak
PanAfrican L10n page on Songhai & Zarma
Publications of linguist Jeffrey Heath on Songhay languages
Language and Culture Djerma
Maps showing the Songhay languages of Mali and Niger
 Northern Songhay – bibliography and brief description of this subfamily

Language families
Languages of Benin
Languages of Mali
Languages of Niger

Songhay languages


"Hver har sin skæbne" ("Sorrig og glæde de vandre til hobe") er en dansk salme af Thomas Kingo skrevet i 1681 og udgivet som "Dend XIV. Sang" i samlingen Samlede Skrifter I-VII i 1975.

Kingo beskriver i "Hver har sin skæbne" livet og naturen som modsætninger, der ofte er uundgåelige, og som man må acceptere og afvente saligheden i himlen.

Salmen består af otte strofer på hver syv linjer med rimmønsteret A-B-A-B-C-C-C. En ældre folkemelodi fra omkring 1670 passer til salmen, og Thomas Laub skrev en ny melodi til den i 1916.

"Hver har sin skæbne" indgår i lyrikantologiens 12 digte i Kulturkanonen fra 2006. Mette Winge har skrevet et skuespil om Kingos liv med titlen "Hver har sin skæbne".

Salmen er med i Den Danske Salmebog 2003 som nr. 46.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Salmer i Den Danske Salmebog
Digte fra Danmark
Litteratur i 1781
Kulturkanonen

Hver har sin skæbne


La ligne Saint-Pétersbourg-Vologda est une voie ferrée appartenant au réseau ferroviaire russe, partant de la  à Saint-Pétersbourg, passant au sud du lac Ladoga et au nord du réservoir de Rybinsk et se terminant à Vologda.

Ses principales gares intermédiaires sont Mga, Volkhov, Tikhvine, Podborovje et Babaïevo.

Initialement, la ligne était connue sous le nom de ligne Saint-Pétersbourg-Vologda-Vyatka .
En 1908, la ligne a été reliée au chemin de fer du Nord nouvellement créé avec le chemin de fer Moscou-Yaroslavl-Arkhangelsk.

Histoire

Caractéristiques

Ligne

Ouvrages d'art

Gares

Exploitation

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 République de Carélie

Liens externes
Saint-Pétersbourg–Vologda

Transport dans l'oblast de Vologda
Transport dans l'oblast de Léningrad
Ligne de chemin de fer en Russie
Transport à Saint-Pétersbourg

Ligne Saint-Pétersbourg–Vologda


جنوب لبنان هو مساحة جغرافية في لبنان تشمل محافظتي الجنوب والنبطية، حدوده الغربية هي لساناً ساحلياً يمتد من مدينة صيدا شمالاً حتى مدينة الناقورة جنوباً، أما حدوده الشرقية هي سفوح جبل الشيخ على مثلث الحدود بين لبنان وسوريا وفلسطين المحتلة، ويحتل جنوب لبنان مكانا بارزا في الصراع اللبناني الإسرائيلي.

مواقع بارزة
 نهر الليطاني وهو أطول الأنهر اللبنانية ينبع من غرب مدينة بعلبك في سهل البقاع, ويصب في البحر المتوسط شمال مدينة صور.
 نهر الوزاني وهو من الأنهر اللبنانية من روافد نهر الحاصباني، ويشكل الحدود الجغرافية بين جنوب لبنان ومنطقة الجولان السورية المحتلة، ويصب في بحيرة طبرية داخل فلسطين المحتلة.
 قلعة الشقيف وهي قلعة تاريخية تقع في الجنوب اللبناني، وتبعد بحوالي 1 كم عن قرية أرنون.
  'الخط الأزرق وهو الخط الفاصل التي رسمته الأمم المتحدة بين لبنان من جهة وإسرائيل وهضبة الجولان المحتلة من جهة أخرى في 7 يونيو 2000.
 معلم مليتا السياحي' وهو موقع سياحي لبناني مقاوم يحاكي تجربة المقاومة في جنوب لبنان وفيه معالم كثيرة عن المقاومة في الجنوب.

أهم مدن جنوب لبنان
 صيدا
 صور
 الناقورة
 جويا
 بنت جبيل
 النبطية
 تبنين
 جزين
 حاصبيا
 مرجعيون

أعلام
 ميريام فارس
 ميليسا
 ديانا حداد
 فارس كرم
 ميريام كلينك
 كيرين تيندلر
 إيمانويل مورينو

مصادر

احتلال إسرائيلي
الحرب الإسرائيلية على لبنان 2006
جغرافيا لبنان
صراع لبنان وإسرائيل

جنوب لبنان


La liste des sous-marins de la Malaisie regroupe les sous-marins commandés ou exploités par la marine royale malaisienne au fil des ans. Ils sont regroupés par classe, et au sein de la classe, triés par numéro de fanion.

Sous-marins en service

classe Scorpène
À partir de 1985, la marine royale malaisienne a envoyé des officiers en Australie, en France, en Allemagne, au Pakistan, en Suède et en Turquie pour acquérir de l'expérience dans les opérations sous-marines. En partie en raison de contraintes financières, la marine royale malaisienne n'a pas été en mesure de faire un appel d'offres officiel pour des sous-marins avant 2001. Trois entreprises ont manifesté leur intérêt : la société française Naval Group (anciennement DCNS), la société germano-turque Submarine Corporation, dirigée par les allemands Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft et Ferrostaal, et RDM Submarines aux Pays-Bas.

En 2002, la Malaisie a signé un contrat avec la France pour l'acquisition de deux sous-marins diesel-électriques de classe Scorpène.

Dans le cadre du processus d'introduction des sous-marins, la Malaisie a également négocié la cession d'un ancien sous-marin français de classe Agosta 70, le Ouessant basé à Toulon, pour la formation et l'instruction des équipages de la marine royale malaisienne. En outre, il a été convenu que  du personnel de la marine royale malaisienne recevraient une formation par la société française NAVFCO pendant quatre ans à compter du début de 2005.

 KD Tunku Abdul Rahman : le premier bateau, lancé en octobre 2007 et mis en service en janvier 2009.
 KD Tun Abdul Razak : le deuxième bateau, lancé en octobre 2008 et mis en service en novembre 2009.

Ces navires sont connus localement sous le nom de classe Perdana Menteri

Cette classe de bateaux met l'accent sur la maniabilité sous-marine et la furtivité, avec des caractéristiques de conception comprenant une forme de coque en forme de larme (avec des hydroplans montés sur ailettes et un empennage à configuration transversale), et des très faibles signatures acoustiques, magnétiques, électromagnétiques et infrarouges.

Ces navires mesurent  de long, avec un maître-bau de , et peuvent filer jusqu'à  en immersion. Ils peuvent rester immergés pendant environ  sans faire surface. Leurs systèmes d'armes sont capables de lancer des missiles antinavires SM 39 Exocet avec une portée de  depuis leurs tubes lance-torpilles de .

Les deux sous-marins sont stationnés à la base nouvellement construite à Sepanggar, Sabah.

La Marine royale malaisienne considère ses sous-marins comme un « multiplicateur de force » pour surveiller son vaste territoire océanique.

Les Scorpène malaisiens ont été modifiés pour améliorer leur capacité à opérer dans les eaux plus chaudes et plus salines de l'Asie du Sud-Est grâce à un processus appelé « tropicalisation ». Bien que ces bateaux soient similaires à d'autres de leur catégorie, ils n'ont pas les systèmes de propulsion indépendants de l'air (AIP) que l'on trouve sur les modèles plus avancés. Ils sont chacun équipés du système de gestion de combat intégré SUBTICS et d'une suite de sonars.

En octobre 2012, la marine royale malaisienne a annoncé qu'elle construisait un deuxième centre de formation sur simulateur Scorpène à la base de la Marine royale malaisienne de Kota Kinabalu. La base sera ouverte au personnel militaire étranger pour la formation. La marine royale malaisienne espère économiser de l'argent avec cette nouvelle base, car elle n'aurait plus besoin d'envoyer ses marins à l'étranger pour la formation sous-marine.

Sous-marins planifiés
En février 2018, l'amiral Tan Sri Ahmad Kamarulzaman, chef de la Marine royale malaisienne, a annoncé que la Malaisie prévoyait d'acquérir deux sous-marins supplémentaires dans le cadre de son plan de transformation « 15 à 5 » d'ici 2040. L'amiral a noté que ces sous-marins seront bénéfiques pour maintenir la sécurité maritime ainsi que pour sauvegarder l'économie du pays, en particulier en ce qui concerne les revendications maritimes en mer de Chine méridionale. Encore une fois, des contraintes budgétaires pourraient retarder ce projet

Voir aussi
 Liste des navires de la marine royale malaisienne

Notes et références

Liens externes
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Forces armées de la Malaisie
Liste de sous-marins

Liste des sous-marins de la Malaisie


South Dakota Messenger foi um jornal feminista semanal na Dakota do Sul, Estados Unidos, de janeiro de 1912 a outubro de 1914. Foi publicado em Pierre, Dakota do Sul por Wm. J. Mundt. Marguerite Karcher-Sahr, filha do pioneiro de Pierre, Henry Karcher, escreveu para o jornal. Ruth B. Hipple foi uma das editoras.

Ver também

 Direito das mulheres
 Sufrágio feminino

Bibliografia
Leslie, Ann Medema. The Role of the South Dakota Messenger in the Woman Suffrage Campaign of 1913-1914 (em inglês). University of South Dakota Press, 2000.
Jornais fundados em 1913
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)
Jornais em língua inglesa
Feminismo nos Estados Unidos

South Dakota Messenger


An Bromelia binotii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Charles Jacques Édouard Morren ngan Carl Christian Mez. An Bromelia binotii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bromelia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bromelia

Bromelia binotii


Für die Chronik Elektrifizierung der Eisenbahnstrecken in Deutschland siehe:

 Chronologische Liste der Streckenelektrifizierung der Deutschen Reichsbahn (1903–1945)
Elektrischer Bahnbetrieb in Schlesien (1914–1945)
 Chronik der Streckenelektrifizierung der Deutschen Bundesbahn (1949–1993)
 Chronik der Streckenelektrifizierung der Deutschen Reichsbahn im Gebiet der DDR (1949–1993)
 Chronik der Streckenelektrifizierung in Deutschland seit 1994 (1994–)

Chronik der Elektrifizierung von Eisenbahnstrecken in Deutschland


ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යා ශාස්ත්‍රාලයය, පුණේ (COEP) යනු, ඉන්දියාවේ මහාරාෂ්ට්‍ර ප්‍රාන්තයෙහි පුණේහී පිහිටි   පුණේ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයට අනුබද්ධිත, ස්වයංපාලක  ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යා ශාස්ත්‍රාලයයකි.
ඉන්දියාව

ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යා ශාස්ත්‍රාලයය, පුණේ


هوغو هوغنكامب  ، من مواليد 5 أكتوبر 1950 ، لاعب كرة قدم هولندي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية هولنديون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في النمسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية هولنديون
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من مدينة غرونينغن
رياضيون هولنديون مغتربون في النمسا
لاعبو ألكمار
لاعبو الدوري النمساوي
لاعبو الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1980
لاعبو كأس العالم 1978
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في النمسا
لاعبو كرة قدم هولنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم هولنديون مغتربون
لاعبو منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي غرونينغن
لاعبو واكر انسبروك
مواليد 1950
مواليد في خرونينغن
لاعبو كرة قدم من مدينة غرونينغن

هوغو هوغنكامب


Veronika Fischer (* 1951 in Duisburg) ist eine deutsche Wirtschafts- und Erziehungswissenschaftlerin. Sie ist promovierte Wirtschaftspädagogin und Professorin der Erziehungswissenschaft.

Leben
Veronika Fischer studierte von 1969 bis 1974 in Bonn und Madrid die Fächer Erziehungswissenschaft und Romanistik. Beide Fächer beendete sie mit Staatsexamina. Danach studierte sie in einem Aufbaustudium Wirtschaftswissenschaften und promovierte im Fachgebiet Wirtschaftspädagogik im Jahr 1982 an der Gesamthochschule Wuppertal.

Der berufliche Werdegang begann am Institut für Deutsche Sprache, wo Veronika Fischer von 1975 bis 1978 als wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin tätig war. Es folgte von 1978 bis 1996 eine Tätigkeit als Fachbereichsleiterin für die Bereiche Fremdsprachen, Interkulturelle Erwachsenenbildung und Migrationsarbeit beim Deutschen Volkshochschul-Verband e.V.

Daneben war sie in dieser Zeitspanne von 1975 bis 1996 unter anderem an einem Forschungsprojekt der DFG zum Thema "Schichtspezifischer Sprachgebrauch von Schülern" und zum Thema "Interkulturelle Erwachsenenbildung" bei mehreren Entwicklungsgruppen (u. a. eine des Landesinstituts für Schule und Weiterbildung NRW) tätig.

Seit 1996 ist Veronika Fischer als Professorin für Erziehungswissenschaft an der Fachhochschule Düsseldorf mit den Themenschwerpunkten Interkulturelle Pädagogik, Migrationssozialarbeit und Erwachsenenbildung tätig.

Auch privat engagiert sich Veronika Fischer in Integrationsdebatten, so gehörte sie zum Beispiel zu den Mitunterzeichnern einer Erklärung zur Sarrazin-Debatte

Schriften
 Institutionalisierung von allgemeiner und beruflicher Bildung: Trennung oder Integration? Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main/ Bern 1982, ISBN 3-8204-7240-1. (zugleich Dissertation an der Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, 1982)
 mit Siegfried Jäger und Raimund Küchler: Vom Nutzen der Soziolinguistik. Scriptor-Verlag, Kronberg/Taunus 1977, ISBN 3-589-20610-1.
 mit Siegfried Jäger und Raimund Küchler: Schichtenspezifischer Sprachgebrauch von Schülern. Scriptor-Verlag, Kronberg/Taunus. (zwei der insg. vier Bände bisher publiziert)
 mit Monika Springer (Hrsg.): Handbuch Migration und Familie: Grundlagen für die soziale Arbeit mit Familien. Wochenschau-Verlag, Schwalbach/Taunus 2011, ISBN 978-3-89974-649-5.
 als Hrsg.: Chancengleichheit herstellen – Vielfalt gestalten: Anforderungen an Organisations- und Personalentwicklung in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft. Frank & Timme, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86596-122-8.
 als Hrsg.: Interkulturelle Kompetenz: Fortbildung – Transfer – Organisationsentwicklung. Wochenschau-Verlag, Schwalbach/Taunus 2005, ISBN 3-89974-179-X.
 als Hrsg.: Netzwerke – ein neuer Typ bürgerschaftlichen Engagements: zur Theorie und Praxis der sozialen Netzwerkarbeit mit Älteren. Wochenschau-Verlag, Schwalbach/Taunus, ISBN 3-89974-082-3.
 mit Desbina Kallinikidou und Birgit Stimm-Armingeon: Handbuch interkulturelle Gruppenarbeit. Wochenschau-Verlag, Schwalbach/Taunus 2001, ISBN 3-87920-628-7.
 mit Margitta Geyer: Materialien für den Deutschunterricht mit ausländischen Frauen. Hrsg.: Landesinstitut für Schule und Weiterbildung. Soester-Verlags-Kontor, Soest 1988, ISBN 3-8165-2323-4.
 mit Judith Koch: Materialband Alphabet. Lesen und Schreiben für ausländische Erwachsene. hrsg. v. Sprachverband Deutsch für ausländische Arbeitnehmer e.V., Mainz 1990.
 mit Volker Eichener und Karin Nell (Hrsg.): Netzwerke – ein neuer Typ bürgerschaftlichen Engagements. Zur Theorie und Praxis der sozialen Netzwerkarbeit mit Älteren. Wochenschau-Verlag, Schwalbach/Taunus 2003.
 mit Doris Krumpholz und Volker Eichener: Migration – Interkulturelle Öffnung der Institutionen – Interkulturelle Kompetenz. Ausgewählte Ergebnisse der Evaluation des Zertifikatskurses "Interkulturelle Kompetenz für BeraterInnen und PädagogInnen im Bereich Berufsorientierung". Düsseldorf 2005.
 mit Doris Krumpholz und Adelheid Schmitz: Zuwanderung – Eine Chance für die Familienbildung. Bestandsaufnahme und Empfehlungen zur Eltern- und Familienbildung in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Hrsg. vom Ministerium für Generationen, Familie, Frauen und Integration des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Düsseldorf 2007.
 mit Doris Krumpholz, Adelheid Schmitz und Csilla Patocs: Stärkung der Selbsthilfepotenziale und Vernetzung zugewanderter Eltern. Eine Untersuchung des Elternnetzwerks NRW unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fortbildungsbedarfs. Forschungsbericht. Düsseldorf 2007.

Weblinks

 Veronika Fischer bei Fachhochschule Düsseldorf
 Seite des Deutschen Volkshochschulverbandes (PDF-Datei; 865 kB)

Einzelnachweise

Erziehungswissenschaftler (20. Jahrhundert)
Erziehungswissenschaftler (21. Jahrhundert)
Wirtschaftspädagoge
Hochschullehrer (Hochschule Düsseldorf)
Person (Duisburg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1951
Frau

Veronika Fischer (Erziehungswissenschaftlerin)


Glenea aphrodite é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae. Foi descrita por James Thomson em 1865.

Referências

Borneo catalog 2005

aphrodite
Coleópteros descritos em 1865

Glenea aphrodite


Guna (en hindi; गुना जिला) es un distrito de la India en el estado de Madhya Pradesh. Código ISO: IN.MP.GU.

Comprende una superficie de 6 485 km².

El centro administrativo es la ciudad de Guna. Dentro de las localidades del distrito se encuentra Bajrangarh.

Demografía
Según censo 2011 contaba con una población total de 1 240 938 habitantes, de los cuales 591 347 eran mujeres y 649 591 varones.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Guna

Distrito de Guna


ඔරෙගන් සළාව (Oregon Vortex) ඇමෙරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදයේ පිහිටි සංචාරක ආකර්ශණයක් වේ.

ඇමෙරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදයේ පිහිටි සංචාරක ආකර්ශණ

ඔරෙගන් සළාව


Carl Christopher Perkins (* 6. August 1954 in Washington, D.C.) ist ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1984 und 1993 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Carl Perkins ist der Sohn des Kongressabgeordneten Carl D. Perkins (1912–1984), der zwischen 1949 und 1984 den Staat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus vertrat. Er absolvierte im Jahr 1972 die Fort Hunt High School in Alexandria (Virginia). Danach studierte er bis 1976 am Davidson College in North Carolina. Nach einem anschließenden Jurastudium an der University of Louisville und seiner 1978 erfolgten Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er in diesem Beruf zu arbeiten.

Politisch wurde Perkins Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei. Zwischen 1981 und 1984 war er Abgeordneter im Repräsentantenhaus von Kentucky. Nach dem Tod seines Vaters wurde er bei der fälligen Nachwahl für den siebten Sitz von Kentucky als dessen Nachfolger in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington gewählt, wo er am 6. November 1984 sein neues Mandat antrat. Da er auch für die folgenden Legislaturperioden wiedergewählt wurde, konnte er seinen Distrikt bis zu dessen Auflösung am 3. Januar 1993 im Kongress vertreten.

1992 verzichtete er auf eine mögliche Kandidatur in einem anderen Wahlbezirk. Zwei Jahre darauf geriet er mit dem Gesetz in Konflikt. Er geriet zunächst in den Sog des Kongressbankenskandals und wurde dann wegen Veruntreuung von Wahlkampfgeldern und anderen Vergehen zu 21 Monaten Gefängnis verurteilt. Nach seiner Entlassung aus dem Gefängnis wurde er Geistlicher der presbyterianischen Kirche.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses von Kentucky
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1954
Mann

Carl C. Perkins


ශ්‍රී ලංකා සංඥා භාෂාව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බිහිරි අය විසින් භාවිතා කරන දෘශ්‍ය භාෂාවක් වන අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බිහිරි පාසල් 25 න් පැන නගින කලාපීය වෙනස්කම් ඇත.

යොමු කිරීම්

ශ්‍රී ලංකා සංඥා භාෂාව


කේජු යනු  කිරි-පදනම් කොට සාදනු ලබන විභින්න  ආහාර නිෂ්පාදන මාලාවක් සඳහා භාවිතා කරනු ලබන වර්ගීය නමකි. විවිධ පරාසයක පවතින රසයන්ගෙන්, වියුමන්ගෙන් හා ආකාරයන්ගෙන් කේජු නිෂ්පාදනය කෙරෙයි.

චීස් හෙවත් කේජු එළකිරි එළුකිරි බැටළු කිරි හෝ වෙනත් ක්ෂීරපායී සතකුගෙන් දොවාගත් කිරි ඇසුරෙන් සාදාගනු ලබන ආහාරයකි. මෙම කිරි ජීවානුහරණය කිරීමෙන් පසු ඒතුල බැක්ටීරියාවක් වැඩෙන්නට සලස්වයි. එමගින් නිපදවන එන්සයිම මගින් කිරි කැටිගැසීමකට ලක්වේ." බැක්ටීරියා ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වය නිසා පදම්වන කිරිවලට රසකාරක එක්කරයි.

ලෝකය පුරා විවිධ වර්ගයේ චීස් වර්ග සියයකට අධික ප්‍රමාණයක් පවතී. විවිධ ක්ෂීරපායි සතුන්ගේ කිරියොදාගෙන නිපදවූ  විවිධ වර්ණ හා රසයන්ගෙන් යත් කේජු ලොවපුරා දක්නට ඇත.කේජු හෙත් චීස් විවිධ රසයන්ගෙන් යුක්තවීම සදහා කිරිලපාගත් ක්ෂීරපායි සත්වයා හා උගේ ආහාර රටාවද බලපානු ලබයි.චීස් හෙවත් කේජු බොහෝවිට සුදු කහ සහ රතු වර්ණයෙන් දක්නට ලැබෙයි. .

ඇතැම් චීස් මිදවීම සදහා උපකාරකයක් ලෙස ඇතැම් අම්ල වර්ග යොදනු ලබයි.උදාහරණ ලෙස විනාකිරි දෙහි යුෂ දැක්විය හැක.කිරි මිදීමෙදී කිරිවල පවතින සීනි සාන්ද්‍රණය මත බැකිටීරියා ක්‍රියාත්මකවීම නිසා ලැක්ටික් අම්ලය නිපදවේ.බැක්ටීරියා ලැක්ටික් අම්ලය මත ක්‍රියාකිරීමේ දී විවිධ එන්සයිමයන් නිපදවේ.ඇතැම් විට කාර්මික නිෂ්පාදන වලදී ඇතැම් විය බාහිරින් එන්සයිම යෙදීම සිදුකරයි.කෙසේ වෙතත් වානිජ නිෂ්පාදන වලදී එසේ බාහිඑ එන්සයිම එකතු නොකර සිදුකරන නිෂ්පාදනද පවතී.

චීස් හෙවත් කේජු යනු පහසුවෙන් ප්‍රවාහනය කිරීමට හැකි ආහාරයකි.කල්තබා ගැනීමේ හැකියාව අතින්ද ඉහලය.මේදය ප්‍රෝටීන් කැල්සියම් හා පොස්පරස් බහුල පෝෂ්‍ය දායක ආහාරයකි.

නිරුක්තිය

කේජු සදහා ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින් භාවිත කරන චීස් යන වචනය ලතික් භාෂාවේ caseus,  යන වචනයෙන් බදී ආවකි.

නුතන ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවේ භාවිතවන cheese යන වචනය මධ්‍යතන ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවේදී chese හා පැරණි ඉංග්‍රීසි හාෂාවේදී  cīese හාr cēse ලෙස භාවිත විය. වෙනත් බටහිර යුරෝපා භාෂාවලද ලතික් භාෂාවෙන් තත්බව වූ වචන කේජු හැදින්වීමට භාවිත කරයි.

සිංහල භාෂාවේ භාවිතවන කේජු යන වචනය නිරුක්තිය ලබන්නේ මෙසේය ලතික් භාෂාවේ caseus යන වචනය ස්පාඥ්ඥ භාෂාවේ queso යන වචනයෙන් තත්බව වූවකි,පෘතුගීසි භාෂාවේ queijo,යන වචනය මැලේ භාෂාවේ කේ්ජු යන වචනයෙන් බිදී ආවකි රෝමන් බසින් caş ලෙසද ඉතාලි භාෂාවෙන් cacio.ලෙසද කේජු හදුන්වයි.මේ අනුව සිංහල භාෂාවේ කේජු යන වචනය මැලේ භාෂාවේ කේජු යන වචනය යේ තත්සම වීමක් ලෙස සැළකියහැක

ඉතිහාසය

ආරම්භය

කේජු වල ආරම්භය අවිනිශ්චිතය.අතීතයේ දී පටන් යුරෝපය,මධ්‍යම ආසියාව මැදපෙරදිග යන ප්‍රදේශයන්හි කේජු භාවිතකර ඇත.රෝම අධිරාජ්‍ය යුගයේ දීද කේජු ආහාරයට ගෙන ඇත.දකුණු ආසියාතික රටවලද කේජු ආහාරයට ගෙන ඇතිබව එම රටවල පවතින ජනකතා ඇසුරින් තහවුරුකරගත හැක.

දැනට සොයාගෙන ඇති තොරතුරු අනුව මුලින්ම කේජු නිෂ්පාදනය කර ඇත්තේ ක්‍රිස්තු පූර්ව 8000 පමණ වෙතැයි සැළකේ.බැටළුවන් මුලින්ම ගෘහස්ථකරණයට ලක්ව ඇත්තේ ක්‍රිස්තු පූර්ව 3000 දී පමණය.මැදපෙරදිග හා මධ්‍යම ආසියාවේ විසූ ජනයා මුලින්ම කේජු නිපදවා ඇතිබව සැළකේ.

පුරාතන ග්‍රීසිය හා රෝමය

පශ්චාත්-සම්භාව්‍ය යුරෝපය

නූතන යුගය

නිශ්පාදන ක්‍රියාවලිය

මුදවීම

මුදවාපු කිරි සැකසුම

වියැයීම

චීස් වර්ග

ප්‍රවර්ගීකරණයට බලපාන සාධක

සුලභ ප්‍රභේද ලැයිස්තුවක්

නැවුම්,මෝරු හා විහිදා මුදවාපු චීස් වර්ග

ස්වභාවය අනුව වර්ගකිරීම

අඩංගු දෑ අනුව වර්ගකිරීම

ආහාරට ගැනීම හා පිසීම

සෞඛ්‍ය

මතභේදය

නිදිමත

ලැක්ටෝස්

පැස්ටරීකරණය

ජගත් නිෂ්පාදනය හා පරිභෝජනය

සංස්කෘතික ආකල්ප

ලෝකයේ බොහෝ ප්‍රදේශයන්හී, ඉතා වැදගත් පෝෂ්‍යපදාර්ථ මූලාශ්‍රයක් ලෙසින් කේජු භාවිතා කරන අතරතුර, අනෙකුත් ප්‍රදේශයන්හී පුළුල් ලෙසින් එය  පරිභෝජනය වුවද, පෝෂ්‍යදායී නිෂ්පාදිතයක් ලෙසින් එහි භාවිතය ලෝකව්‍යාප්ත නොවෙයි.
නැගෙනහිර ආසියානු ආහාර වර්ගයන්හී, කේජු හමුවන්නේ කලාතුරකින් වන්නේ,  කිරිපට්ටි නිෂ්පාදිත දිරවීමට බාධා පමුණුවන  ප්‍රවේණිගත ලක්ෂණයන් ලෝකයේ මෙම ප්‍රදේශයන්හී සංසන්දනාත්මකව බහුල ලෙස දක්නට ලැබෙන බැවින් වන අතර, එම නිසා එවැනි ආහාර මෙහි විරලය.

භාෂාව

මේවාත් බලන්න
 List of cheeses
 Soy cheese

සටහන් හා සමුද්දේශ

Notes

References

බාහිර බැඳි

  University of Guelph Food Science Cheese Site
 Cheese Making Illustrated  — The science behind homemade cheese.

 Cheese.com — includes an extensive database of different types of cheese.

 Cheese Guide & Terminology — Different classifications of cheese with notes on varieties.

කේජු


La  (, abrégé ) est une conférence épiscopale de l'Église catholique qui réunit les ordinaires du Mexique.

Elle fait partie du Conseil épiscopal latino-américain (CELAM), avec une vingtaine d'autres conférences épiscopales.

Membres
En 2022, la conférence compte :
 7 cardinaux ;
 95 évêques titulaires ;
 26 évêques auxiliaires ;
 41 évêques émérites.

Historique
Les évêques mexicains ont commencé à se réunir avant 1935, et ont fondé un Comité épiscopal mexicain en 1937, approuvant ses statuts dans une réunion du  au , durant une  entre l'Église catholique et l'État mexicain.

Les statuts de la Conférence de l'épiscopat mexicain sont approuvés par le Saint-Siège en 1955, et la première assemblée plénière a lieu du  au  de l'année. Ils doivent cependant être modifiés en 1966, afin de s'adapter après le concile  (1962-1965).

Les  et  Conférences générales de l'épiscopat latino-américain, qui ont respectivement lieu à Medellín en Colombie en 1968 et à Puebla au Mexique en 1979, amènent également différentes autres propositions, et de nouveaux statuts sont approuvés le .

Les statuts sont encore modifiés en 2001 et en . La conférence est présidée par un conseil (président, vice-président, secrétaire général, trésorier, deux porte-parole) élu pour trois ans ; le président en 2022 est Rogelio Cabrera López, archevêque de Monterrey.

Sanctuaires
La conférence épiscopale a désigné un sanctuaire national, le sanctuaire Notre-Dame-de-Guadalupe de Mexico, qui comprend :
 l'ancienne basilique, devenue temple expiatoire du Christ-Roi ;
 la « nouvelle » basilique Notre-Dame-de-Guadalupe.

Références

Liens externes
 .
 .

Mexique
Catholicisme au Mexique

Conférence de l'épiscopat mexicain


617 Patroclus este un asteroid troian al lui Jupiter.  A fost descoperit la 17 octombrie 1906 de astronomul german August Kopff de la Astronomisches Rechen-Institut din Heidelberg, Germania. Asteroidul este însoțit de un  satelit denumit (617) Patroclus I Menoetius.

Denumirea asteroidului
Numele său face referire la Patrocle, eroul Războiului Troian, minunat descris în Iliada. Inițial asteroidul primise denumirea provizorie 1906 VY.

Caracteristici
Împarte orbita cu Jupiter, în jurul Soarelui în punctul Lagrange L5, adică este situat la 60° în urma lui Jupiter.

Măsoară 140 de kilometri în diametru.

Densitatea sa de 0,8 g/cm3, determinată mulțumită orbitei satelitului său, indică faptul că este compus, în majoritate, din gheață.

Satelit

Un satelit a fost descoperit la 22 septembrie 2001. A fost denumit (617) Patroclus I Menoetius,cu referire  la tatăl lui Patrocle.

Măsoară 113 km, în diametru.

Cele două corpuri cerești se rotesc, unul în jurul celuilalt, în 4,28 de zile, cu o semiaxă majoră de 680 de kilometri. Prin aceasta sistemul Patroclus /  Menoetios formează un asteroid binar.

Explorare
Acest sistem binar este una din țintele potențiale ale conceptului misiunii spațiale Lucy (sondă spațială).

Referințe și note

Bibliografie
 Homer, Iliada, În romînește de G. Murnu, Studiu introductiv și comentarii de D.M. Pippidi, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură și Artă, București, 1955

Legături externe
 Keck Obs. press release Trojan Asteroid Patroclus: Comet in Disguise?
 Patroclus and Menoetius web page
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris

Vezi și
 624 Hector
 Asteroid troian

Asteroizi troieni ai lui Jupiter
Jupiter
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1906
Asteroizi binari
Asteroizi cu nume din mitologia greacă
Asteroizi de tip P

617 Patroclus


A história dos judeus no Líbano abrange a presença de judeus no atual Líbano que remonta aos tempos bíblicos. Após a emigração em larga escala após a Guerra Árabe-Israelense de 1948 e, muito mais importante, a Guerra Civil Libanesa, a grande maioria dos judeus libaneses agora vive em países ocidentais e muitos vivem em Israel. Como o último censo no Líbano foi realizado em 1932, praticamente não há estatísticas disponíveis. Em 2006, havia cerca de 40 judeus no Líbano,  enquanto em 2020 havia apenas cerca de 29 judeus no Líbano. Relatórios indicam que em 2022 o número de judeus no Líbano era de 20 para 27.

História

Início do século 20
Em 1911, judeus da Itália, Grécia, Síria, Iraque, Turquia, Egito e Irã se mudaram para Beirute, expandindo a comunidade com mais de 5.000 membros adicionais. Os Artigos 9 e 10 da Constituição do Líbano de 1926 garantiam a liberdade de religião e forneciam a cada comunidade religiosa, incluindo a comunidade judaica, o direito de administrar seus próprios assuntos civis, incluindo a educação, e assim a comunidade judaica era constitucionalmente protegida, fato que não se aplicava a outras comunidades judaicas na região. A comunidade judaica prosperou sob o mandato francês da Síria e do Líbano, exercendo considerável influência em todo o Líbano e além. Eles se aliaram ao Partido Falangista de Pierre Gemayel (um grupo maronita de direita inspirado em movimentos semelhantes na Itália e na Alemanha, e o movimento falangista de Franco na Espanha) e desempenharam um papel instrumental no estabelecimento do Líbano como um estado independente.

Pós-Criação do Estado de Israel
O Líbano foi o único país árabe cuja população judaica aumentou após a declaração do Estado de Israel em 1948, atingindo cerca de 10.000 pessoas. No entanto, após a Crise do Líbano de 1958, muitos judeus libaneses deixaram o país, especialmente para Israel, França, Estados Unidos, Canadá e América Latina (principalmente para o Brasil).

A Guerra Civil Libanesa, que começou em 1975, foi muito pior para a comunidade judaica libanesa, e cerca de 200 pessoas foram mortas em pogroms. A maioria dos 1.800 judeus libaneses restantes migrou em 1976, temendo que a crescente presença síria no Líbano restringisse sua liberdade de emigrar. Em 1982, durante a invasão israelense do Líbano em 1982, 11 líderes da comunidade judaica foram capturados e mortos por extremistas islâmicos. Durante a invasão israelense, alguns dos judeus libaneses que emigraram para Israel retornaram como tropas invasoras.

Em 2010, começaram as obras de restauração de uma antiga sinagoga em Beirute, a Sinagoga Maghen Abraham. A sinagoga havia caído em desuso depois de ser bombardeada por Israel vários anos antes.  O telhado desabou e árvores e arbustos cresceram sob ele. A Solidere concordou em fornecer fundos para a reforma porque os oficiais políticos acreditavam que isso retrataria o Líbano como uma sociedade aberta e tolerante ao judaísmo. A restauração foi bem-sucedida, o jornal israelense Haaretz intitulou a "sinagoga restaurada à glória". Nenhum dos judeus envolvidos no projeto concordou em ser identificado.

A mídia internacional e até alguns membros da comunidade judaica (dentro e fora do Líbano) questionaram quem rezaria ali. O autodeclarado chefe do Conselho da Comunidade Judaica, Isaac Arazi, que deixou o Líbano em 1983, acabou se apresentando, mas se recusou a mostrar seu rosto para as câmeras em uma entrevista na televisão, temendo que seus negócios fossem prejudicados se os clientes sabiam que estavam lidando com um judeu.

Exemplos de judeus libaneses

 Adriana Behar - medalhista olímpica no vôlei de praia
 Joseph Safra - banqueiro brasileiro
 Emmanuelle Beart - atriz francesa
 Edmundo Safdie - banqueiro brasileiro
 Moshe Safdie - arquiteto canadense
 Irmãos Safdie - diretores de cinema
 Neil Sedaka - cantor
 Gad Saad - psicólogo evolutivo
 Justin Hurwitz - compositor musical vencedor do Oscar
 Niels Schneider - ator
 Caroline Aaron - atriz americana
 Yuval Noah Harari - historiador e filósofo
 Lolita Chammah - atriz francesa

Ver também
Êxodo judaico dos países árabes
Conflito Israel-Líbano
Religião no Líbano

História do Líbano por tema
História do Líbano
Grupos étnicos do Líbano

História dos Judeus no Líbano


Horsmonden es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Tunbridge Wells, en el condado de Kent (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Horsmonden tiene una superficie de 20,08 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Horsmonden tenía 2169 habitantes (50,25% varones, 49,75% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 108,02 hab/km². El 23,14% eran menores de 16 años, el 70,95% tenían entre 16 y 74 y el 5,9% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 38,57 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 22,32% estaban solteros, el 63,41% casados y el 14,28% divorciados o viudos.

El 93,78% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 1,8% de la población, mientras que el 4,43% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Según su grupo étnico, el 98,66% eran blancos, el 0,64% mestizos, el 0,14% asiáticos, el 0,32% chinos y el 0,23% de cualquier otro salvo negros. El cristianismo era profesado por el 79,25%, el budismo por el 0,37%, el judaísmo por el 0,14% y cualquier otra religión, salvo el hinduismo, el islam y el sijismo por el 0% por el 0,23%. El 13,74% no eran religiosos y el 6,27% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

1039 habitantes eran económicamente activos, 1009 de ellos (97,11%) empleados y 30 (2,89%) desempleados. Había 839 hogares con residentes y 26 vacíos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Kent
Parroquias civiles de Kent

Horsmonden


Gjá (færeyska: , borið fram [tʃɛkv], danska: ) er þorp staðsett á norðausturhluta Austureyjar í Færeyjum, 63 km leið frá höfuðborginni Þórshöfn.

Þorpið heitir eftir 200 metra langri gjá með náttúrulegri höfn, sem liggur norður til hafsins frá þorpinu.

Saga

Þorpið var fyrst nefnt árið 1584, en það virðist hafa verið til löngu áður. Íbúar lifðu lengi af veiði og sölu á þurrkuðum og söltuðum fiski (klippfiskur á færeysku). Áður fyrr sigldi allt að 13 fiskibátum frá Gjá. Íbúafjöldinn hefur minnkað verulega undanfarin frá því sem áður var. Árið 1950 voru íbúar enn 210 talsins. Í þorpinu var stofnuð verksmiðja árið 1982 sem framleiðir forsteyptar húseiningar, sú eina sinnar tegundar á eyjunum, en þar starfa 6 manns. Aðrar atvinnugreinar eru fiskeldi og ferðaþjónusta.

Þekkt fólk frá Gjá

 Joen Danielsen (1843–1926) skáld
 Hans Jacob Debes (1940–2003), sagnfræðingur.
 Hans Jacob Joensen (f. 1938), fyrsti (nútíma) biskup Færeyja.
 Sigurð Joensen (1911–1993), lögfræðingur, rithöfundur, stjórnmálamaður.
 Kristin Hervør Lützen, leikkona

Þéttbýlisstaðir í Færeyjum

Gjá (Færeyjum)


La Carretera de Nebraska 87, y abreviada NE 87 (en inglés: Nebraska Highway 87) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Nebraska. La carretera inicia en el Sur desde la  en Alliance hacia el Norte en la  norte de Pine Ridge. La carretera tiene una longitud de 123,5 km (76.76 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Carretera de Nebraska 87 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Carreteras de Nebraska por sus siglas en inglés NDOR.

Cruces
La Carretera de Nebraska 87 es atravesada principalmente por la  en Hay Springs.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de NDOR

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Nebraska

Carretera de Nebraska 87


Balsam is the resinous exudate (or sap) which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs. Balsam (from Latin balsamum "gum of the balsam tree", ultimately from a Semitic source such as Hebrew basam, "spice", "perfume") owes its name to the biblical Balm of Gilead.

Chemistry
Balsam is a solution of plant-specific resins in plant-specific solvents (essential oils). Such resins can include resin acids, esters, or alcohols. The exudate is a mobile to highly viscous liquid and often contains crystallized resin particles. Over time and as a result of other influences the exudate loses its liquidizing components or gets chemically converted into a solid material (i.e. by autoxidation).

Balsams often contain benzoic or cinnamic acid or their esters. Plant resins are sometimes classified according to other plant constituents in the mixture, for example as:
 pure resins (guaiac, hashish),
 gum-resins (containing gums/polysaccharides),
 oleo-gum-resins (a mixture of gums, resins and essential oils),
 oleo-resins (a mixture of resins and essential oils, e. g. capsicum, ginger and aspidinol),
 balsams (resinous mixtures that contain cinnamic and/or benzoic acid or their esters),
 glycoresins (podophyllin, jalap, kava kava),
 fossil resins (amber, asphaltite, Utah resin).

Usually, animal secretions (musk, shellac, beeswax) are excluded from this definition.

The Balsam of Matariyya
The Balsam of Matariyya was a substance famous as a panacea among physicians in the Middle East and Europe during the Antique and Medieval periods. The substance has long been used as a medicine, with early references to the substance recorded as far back as 285 BC. The Balsam of Matariyya was said to be derived from an Egyptian plant and is sometimes also referred to as the balm of Gilead or the balm of Mecca.

List of balsams
 Acaroid resin (Xanthorrhoea spp.)
 Acouchi balsam (Protium spp.)
 Ammoniacum
 Asafoetida (Laser)
 Balm of Gilead
 Balm of Mecca
 Balsam fir - (Abies balsamea)
 Balsam of Peru
 Balsam of Tolu
 Balsam Specific
 Bisabol
 Bdellium
 Benzoin resin
 Bukhoor
 Cabreuva balsam (Myrocarpus frondosus, Myrocarpus fastigatus)
 Camphor
 Canada balsam
 Chinese lacquer (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)
 Copaiba balsam (Copaifera spp.)
 Copal
 Corneiba balsam (Schinus terebinthifolius or Lithraea brasiliensis)
 Damar
 Dragon's blood (Calamus draco)
 Elemi
 Frankincense (Olibanum)
 Galbanum
 Guayacán (Guaiacum officinale)
 Guggul
 Gurjun balsam
 Imbauba balsam (Cecropia adenopus)
 Labdanum
 Mastic
 Myrrh
 Obira balsam (Apocynaceae)
 Opopanax
 Umiri balsam (Humiria floribunda)
 Rosin (Colophony)
 Sagapenum
 Sandarac
 Sarcocolla
 Storax balsam
 Turpentine
 Venice turpentine (Larch turpentine) (Larix occidentalis)
 Wallaba balsam (Eperua spp.)

Safety
Some balsams, such as Balsam of Peru, may be associated with allergies. In particular, Euphorbia latex ("wolf's milk") is strongly irritant and is cytotoxic.

See also
 Basamum

References

Resins
Plant products

Balsam


Tine Midtgaard Madsen bedre kendt som Tine Velvet (født 1994 i Lyngby) er en dansk sangerinde som deltog i Sæson 3 af det danske X Factor hvor hun fik en andenplads.

Diskografi

Singler
 "Heart of me"
 "What people are saying"

Albumer

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra Kongens Lyngby
Deltagere i X Factor (Danmark)
Singer-songwritere fra Danmark

Tine Velvet


Aldona Balsienė (* 4. November 1952 in Molėtai) ist eine litauische Gewerkschafterin, ehemalige Politikerin, Mitglied des Seimas.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur 1967 an der Mittelschule Molėtai absolvierte sie 1971 das Elektromechanik-Technikum Vilnius und studierte in der Abendstudiumabteilung des Vilniaus inžinerinis statybos institutas. 1971 war sie Mitarbeiterin des Elektrografie-Instituts. Von 1974 bis 1994 war sie Metrologin an Vilniaus skaičiavimo mašinų gamykla. 1978 absolvierte sie das Diplomstudium am Vilniaus inžinerinis statybos institutas.

Ab 1988 war sie aktiv  bei der Gründung von Lietuvos darbininkų sąjunga und von 1989 bis 1991 war verantw. Sekretärin derer, von 1991 bis 2006 leitete als Präsidentin Lietuvos darbininkų sąjunga  und seit 2000 die Gewerkschaft "Solidarumas". Von 2004 bis 2006 war sie Mitglied des litauischen Parlaments Seimas, gewählt in der Liste von Rolandas-Paksas-Koalition "Už tvarką ir teisingumą".

Sie ist verheiratet und hat die Tochter Jurgita und den Sohn Mindaugas.

Weblinks
 Leben

Quelle

Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Mitglied des Sozialausschusses (Litauen)
Gewerkschafter (Litauen)
Absolvent der Technischen Universität Vilnius
Absolvent des Kollegs Vilnius
Person (Rajongemeinde Molėtai)
Litauer
Geboren 1952
Frau
Sowjetbürger

Aldona Balsienė


Akarisit (Acaricide), adındanda anlaşılacagı gibi akarların (Mite) kontrolünde kullanılan kimyasal ilaçlara verilen isimdir. Benzil benzoat bu kimyasal maddelerden biridir. Avrupa'da "Acarosan" ismiyle satılmaktadır. Daha çok tarımda kullanılmasına rağmen evdeki halı, koltuk gibi yerlerde, akarları ve yumurtalarını öldürecek çeşitleri vardır. Akarisitler farklı etkili madde ve farklı ticari isimlerle satılmaktadır. Bu ilaçlardan en önemlilerinden birisi toprak kökenli bakteri, [[Streptomyces
avermitilis]]ten elde edilen abamectin etki maddeli ilaçtır.
Kırım Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi hastalığına sebep olan kene türleriyle mücadele için kullanılan ilaçlar da akarisit türündendir.

Farmakolojik ajanlar

Akarisit