Steven Lee Cropper (født 21. oktober 1941) er en amerikansk guitarist, sangskriver og musikproducer. Han er bedst kendt som værende guitaristen i den faste gruppe af studiemusikere Booker T. & the M.G.'s, der indspillede for pladeselskabet Stax Records og spillede backing for bl.a. Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, Rufus Thomas og Johnnie Taylor. Cropper producerede flere af indspilningerne, ligesom han var med til at skrive flere af sangene.

Efter tiden på Stax indspillede han med flere forskellige fremtrædende artiskter og blev også medlem af the Blues Brothers band og medvirkede i Blues Brothers filmene. Rolling Stone magazine placerede ham som nr. 39 på magasinets liste over det 100 bedste guitarister gennem tiderne.

Karriere

Opvækst
Steve Cropper voksede op på en gård i Missouri og flyttede med sin familie til Memphis, da han var ni år gammel. Han fik sin første guitar, da han var 14.

Tiden på Stax
I slutningen af 1950'erne begyndte Cropper at spille i forskellige sammenhænge. Han dannede sammen med Charlie Freeman gruppen  guitar The Royal Spades, der senere ændrede navn til The Mar-Keys. The Mar-Keys blev tilknyttet Stax Records (dengang Satellite Records) og fungerede som fast backinggruppe på mange af indspilningerne i Stax' studier. Mar-Keys fik selv et hit i eget navn i 1961 med "Last Night".

På Stax fik Cropper ansvaret for den kunstneriske udvikling af pladeselskabets artister og sangskrivere.

Cropper grundlagde sammen med organisten Booker T. Jones, trommelageren Al Jackson Jr. og bassisten  Lewie Steinberg (kort efter udskiftet med Donald "Duck" Dunn) gruppen Booker T. & the M.G.'s, der ligesom The Mar-Keys spillede som fast backinggruppe på indspilningerne på Stax. Som guitarist i The Mar-Keys og Booker T & the M.G.'s spillede Steve Cropper guitar på en række hits fra 1960'erne, såsom "(Sittin' on) the Dock of the Bay," som Cropper skrev sammen med Otis Redding og Sam & Dave's "Soul Man". Cropper var også med-sangskriver på hits som "Knock on Wood" med Eddie Floyd og "In the Midnight Hour" med Wilson Pickett.

Cropper udgav sit første album i eget navn i 1969, With a Little Help From My Friends.

Tiden efter Stax

Cropper forlod Stax i efteråret 1970, og etablerede TMI Studios med sangeren Jerry Williams og ex-Mar-Key Ronnie Stoots. Han medvirkede på indspilninger og producerede musik for bl.a. Tower of Power, Rod Stewart, José Feliciano, The Jeff Beck Group, Ringo Starr og John Lennon.

I efteråret 1975 gendannede Cropper Booker T. and the M.G's med Jones, Jackson og Dunn, men Al Jackson blev dræbt under et formodet hjemmerøveri i Memphis aftenen før han skulle flyve til Los Angeles for at møde med de øvrige medlemmer af gruppen. Gruppen antog senere Willie Hallsom trommeslager. I 1978 blev Cropper og Dunn en del af Levon Helms RCO All-Stars, hvorefter de to sammen med trommeslageren Willie Hall blev en del af the Blues Brothers band, der indspillede to album og to soundtracks.

Cropper med virkede i de to Blues Brothers film og i "Weird Al" Yankovic mockumentary The Compleat Al fra 1985.

Udover udgivelse af en række soloalbum har medvirkede Cropper i 1992 ved Bob Dylans 30-års jubilæumkoncert i Madison Square Garden, hvor han sammen med det øvrige Booker T. and the M.G's spillede backing til koncerten, hvori bl.a. medvirkede Eric Clapton, George Harrison, Tom Petty, Johnny Cash, Chrissie Hynde, Sinéad O'Connor, Stevie Wonder og Neil Young. Celebration]] (1993). Neil Young hyrede efterfølgende Booker T. and the M.G's til at turnere med Young, ligesom gruppen indspillede album med Young.

I 2004 spillede Cropper, Dunn og Jones som backing-band ved Eric Clapton's Crossroads Guitar Festival i Dallas, hvor bl.a. medvirkede Joe Walsh og David Hidalgo, ligesom han medvirkede ved den 4. Crossroads Guitar Festival i Madison Square Garden i april 2013 (med Booker T and the M.G.'s). Samme år var han "special guest" ved en række koncerter i Peter Frampton's Guitar Circus Tour.

 Hæder
Steve Cropper blev i 1992 sammen med Booker T. & the M.G.'s optaget i Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Det britiske magasin Mojo udråbte ham i 1996 som den største nulevende guitarist.

Den 9. juni 2005 blev Cropper optaget i Songwriters Hall of Fame og i oktober 2010 blev han optaget i Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.

Discografi
1969: With a Little Help from My Friends1969: Jammed Together (med Albert King and Pops Staples)
1981: Playin' My Thang1982: Night After Night2007: This Is ... Steve Cropper & His Friends2008: Nudge It Up A Notch2010: Midnight Flyer2011: Dedicated – A Salute to the 5 RoyalesMedvirken som skuespiller
1980: Blues Brothers som sig selv
1988: Satisfaction som Sal
1999: Blues Brothers 2000 som sig selv
2008: Be Kind Rewind'' som sig selv

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Steve Cropper Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2015)

Guitarister fra USA
Sangskrivere fra USA
Musikproducere fra USA
Personer fra Missouri
Personer optaget i Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Modtagere af Grammy Award

Steve Cropper


Um referendo sobre a retirada da Liga das Nações foi realizado na Alemanha em 12 de novembro de 1933, juntamente com as eleições do Reichstag. A medida foi aprovada por 95,1% dos eleitores com uma participação de 96,3%. Foi o primeiro de uma série de referendos realizados pelo gabinete alemão sob o chanceler Adolf Hitler, depois que o gabinete conferiu a si mesmo a capacidade de realizar referendos em 14 de julho de 1933.

A questão do referendo estava em uma cédula separada daquela usada para as eleições. A pergunta era: "Você aprova, homem alemão, e você, mulher alemã, esta política de seu governo nacional, e você está disposta a declarar como a expressão de sua própria opinião e sua própria vontade e professá-la solenemente?" (Alemão: Billigst Du, Deutscher Mann, und Du, Deutsche Frau, diese Politik Deiner Reichsregierung, und bist Du bereit, sie als den Ausdruck Deiner eigenen Auffassung und Deines eigenen Willens zu erklären und Dich feierlich zu ihr zu bekennen?)

Resultados

1933
Alemanha
1933 na Alemanha

Referendo alemão de 1933


El Arroyo Tarariras es un curso de agua uruguayo que atraviesa el departamento de  Colonia perteneciente a la cuenca hidrográfica del Río de la Plata.

Nace en la Cuchilla de la Colonia, cerca de la localidad de Tarariras, y desemboca en el río San Juan tras recorrer alrededor de  15 km.

Referencias

Cuenca del Plata
Tarariras
Tarariras
Tarariras

Arroyo Tarariras


Uçurtma Avcısı (Özgün adı: The Kite Runner), Afganistan doğumlu Amerikalı yazar Khaled Hosseini'nin (Halid Hüseyni) ilk romanıdır. Kitapta dostluk, arkadaşlık, sevgi, ihanet, barış temalarına değinilmiştir. 2003 yılında yayımlanan kitap, bir Afgan tarafından İngilizce yazılmış ilk romandır. The New York Timesın en çok satanlar kitaplar listesinde bir numaraya kadar yükselmiştir.

Konu
Kitapta, Afganistan'ın Kâbil kentinin Vezir Ekber Han bölgesinden bir Peştun olan Emir isimli bir çocuğun hikâyesi anlatılmaktadır. Emir, çocukluk arkadaşı ve süt kardeşi olan Hasan'a ihanet edişini unutamamaktadır. Hikâye; Afganistan'da monarşik krallığın çöküşü, Sovyet işgali, ülkeden Pakistan'a ve Amerika'ya toplu göç ediş ve Taliban yönetimi gibi kargaşalı bir ortamda kurgulanmıştır.

Kitabın özeti
Emir ve Hasan, Kabil'de, monarşinin son yıllarında birlikte büyüyen iki çocuktur. Emir, zengin ve yardımsever bir iş adamının oğludur. Hasan ise, ülkede pek sevilmeyen bir Hazara çocuğudur. Hasan'ın babası Ali'nin, Emir'in babasıyla yakın bir arkadaşlığı vardır ve aynı zamanda onun hizmetini yapmaktadır. Hasan okumayı ve yazmayı bilmez. Emir, Hasan'a yazdığı hikâyeleri okur. Bir gün Emir bir hikâye yazarken, o esnada Emir'in babasının en yakın dostu olan Rahim Han içeri girer ve yazdığı hikâyeyi okumak istediğini söyler. Okuduktan sonra çok beğendiğini ve iyi dileklerini iletir.

Kabil'de her yıl düzenli olarak uçurtma şenliği düzenlenir. Bir gün uçurtma yarışı yapılır ve bu yarışmaya Emir ve Hasan da katılır. Yaklaşık 100 uçurtmadan sadece iki uçurtma kalmış ve son uçurtmayı da Emir koparmış ve kazanmıştır. Hasan kopan uçurtmayı yakalamak için Emir'e söz verir ve uçurtmanın peşinden koşar. Hasan uzun bir süre sonra gelmez. Emir, Hasan'ı merak eder ve onu aramaya başlar. Yaşlı bir satıcıya Hasan'ı sorar. O da elinde uçurtmayla, onu kovalayan birkaç çocuktan kaçarken gördüğünü söyler. Emir bunun üzerine tedirgin olur ve aramaya devam eder. Kısa bir süre sonra bir ses duyar, hemen oraya yönelir. Orada, mahallenin en kötü çocuğu olan Assef ve arkadaşlarının Hasan'ı kıstırdığını görür. Hasan'ın elindeki uçurtmayı isterler. Hasan ise cesur ve hiç tereddütsüz bir şekilde "Hayır, uçurtmayı Emir Ağa'ma götüreceğime söz verdim." der. Assef, o zaman Hasan'a hayatı boyunca unutamayacağı bir şey yaşatacağını söyler ve arkadaşlarıyla birlikte Hasan'ı dövdükten sonra ona tecavüz eder. Bütün bu olanları bir duvarın ardından gizlice izleyen Emir ise korkar ve hiçbir şey yapmadan, arkasına bile bakmadan koşarak oradan uzaklaşır. Emir, o günden sonra Hasan'ın yüzüne bir daha bakamaz ve ondan utanır.

Hasan her gün Emir'in işlerini erkenden bitirip ona gözükmeden geri yatar. Emir, babasına Ali ve Hasan'ın artık burada kalmalarını istemediğini söyler ama babası bu söylediklerine sinirlenip Emir'e ters tepki verir. Bu duruma dayanamayan Emir, Hasan'ı bu sefer hırsızlıkla suçlar. Ali, artık daha fazla hizmetlerinde çalışamayacağını söyler ve Hasan'la oradan ayrılırlar.

Kabil'de çıkan devrim savaşı nedeniyle Emir ve babası ülkeyi terk ederler. Hayatlarını ABD'de, Kaliforniya'da sürdürmeye başlarlar. Ama Emir, geçmişte yaşadıklarını unutamaz. Hasan'a yaptıklarından dolayı büyük utanç duyar. Emir zamanla büyür ve okulundan mezun olur. Babası ise artık bir bit pazarında çalışmaktadır. Emir, pazarda saygın bir kişi olan General Taheri'nin yegâne kızı Süreyya'ya âşık olur. Bu sırada Emir, bir kitap yazmaktadır.

Emir, sonra Süreyya ile evlenir. Evlendiklerinden bir ay sonra Emir'in babası ölür. Emir çok üzülür. Kısa bir süre sonra da Emir'in yazmış olduğu kitap yayımlanır. O gün Emir'e Pakistan'dan bir telefon gelir. Arayan Rahim Han'dır. Rahim Han, Hasan'ın başının belada olduğunu söyler ve Emir'i Pakistan'a çağırır. Emir, duyduklarının üzerine dayanamayıp Pakistan'a gider. Yanında Rahim Han'a hediye olarak, yazmış olduğu kitabı getirir. İçinde ise "Rahim Han'a... Daha yazmayı bile öğrenememişken, o hikayelerimi dinlerdi." yazıyordur. Fakat Rahim Han çok hastadır. Emir'e Hasan'ın yazmış olduğu mektubu verir. Hasan ona mektup da yazmayı güzelce öğrenene kadar yazmadığını, yeni yeni İngilizceyi öğrenmeye çalıştığını, Farzana adında bir karısının ve Sohrab isminde bir de oğlunun olduğunu söyler. Rahim Han, Hasan'ın bir çatışma sırasında öldüğünü ve karısının da onu kurtarmak isterken vurulduğunu da anlatır. Emir, Sohrab'ı sorar. Onun da yetimhanede olduğunu öğrenir. Ayrıca Emir, babasının kendisini yıllarca kandırdığını ve Hasan'ın kardeşi olduğunu öğrenir.

Emir, Rahim Han'ın ayarladığı bir şoför (Ferit) ile Kabil'e gider. Vicdanını rahatlatmak için eline fırsat geçer. Kabil'e döndüğünde her şeyin daha kötüye gittiğini fark eder. Sohrab'ı ararlar ve uzun süre sonra onun izini bulurlar. Bir adamla tanışır ve onun karşısına tek başına çıkar. Ona ne için Kabil'de olduğunu anlatır. Adam sonra Sohrab'ı çağırır. Onu köle gibi kullanmaktadır. Daha sonra Emir, adamın Assef olduğunu anlar. Assef ile Emir tartışırlar ve Assef Emir'i fena bir biçimde döverken Sohrab, Emir'in Hasan'a hediye ettiği sapanı çıkararak Assef'in sol gözünü isabet alır ve vurur. Assef acıyla bağırır. Onlar da kaçar. Ferit kapıda bekler, arabaya atladıkları gibi Pakistan'a giderler.

Emir, Rahim Han'ın hayatını kaybettiğini öğrenir. Emir, Süreyya'yı arar ve olanları ona anlatır. Emir Sohrab'ı da yanına alarak Kaliforniya'ya döner. Süreyya ile Emir'in uzun zamandır çocukları olmadığı için Sohrab'ı çocukları gibi büyütmek isterler. Süreyya'nın babası bu duruma karşı çıkar, ama Süreyya babasına gerekli cevabı verdikten sonra bir şey söyleyemez.

Bir gün birlikte bir parka giderler. Emir, Sohrab'a orada gördüğü bir uçurtmayı alır ve ona uçurmayı öğretir. Şimdi Hasan'ın yerinde oğlu Sohrab vardır. Yani makarayı o tutuyordu, ipi ise Emir... Beraber parktaki çocuklarla yarışarak diğer uçurtmaları koparırlar. Emir, Hasan'ın uçurtma koparma taktiklerini Sohrab'a öğretir. Emir, son kopan uçurtmayı yakalayacağına dair Sohrab'a söz verdikten sonra uçurtmanın peşinden deliler gibi, çocukça koşmaya başlar.

Karakterler

Filmi

Kitabın; İsviçreli yönetmen ve senarist olan Marc Forster tarafından çekilen, 2007 yılında vizyona giren ABD yapımı bir film uyarlaması da mevcuttur. Film, çeşitli ödüllere aday gösterilmiştir.

Kaynakça

 https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/egitim/ucurtma-avcisi-kitabini-kim-yazmistir-ucurtma-avcisi-kitabi-ozeti-konusu-ve-karakterleri-41812206

Çağdaş romanlar
Halid Hüseyni romanları
2003 kitapları
Sinemaya uyarlanmış Amerikan romanları
İngilizce romanlar
Konusu Afganistan'da geçen romanlar

Uçurtma Avcısı


The wise old man (also called senex, sage or sophos) is an archetype as described by Carl Jung, as well as a classic literary figure, and may be seen as a stock character. The wise old man can be a profound philosopher distinguished for wisdom and sound judgment.

Traits
This character is typically represented as a kind and wise elderly father figure who uses personal knowledge of people and the world to help tell stories and offer guidance that may in a mystical way impress upon his audience a sense of who they are and who they might become, thereby acting as a mentor. He may occasionally appear as an absent-minded professor, appearing absent-minded due to a predilection for contemplative pursuits.

The wise old man is often seen to be from a different culture, nation, or occasionally time, from those he advises. In extreme cases, he may be a liminal being, such as Merlin, who was only half human.

In medieval chivalric romance and modern fantasy literature, he is often presented as a wizard. He can also or instead be featured as a hermit. This character type often explained to the knights or heroes—particularly those searching for the Holy Grail—the significance of their encounters.

In story-telling, a few times the character of the wise old man is in some way removed for a time in order to allow the hero/heroine to develop on his/her own.

Jungian psychology

In Jungian analytical psychology, senex is the specific term used in association with this archetype. In ancient Rome, the title of Senex (Latin for old man) was only awarded to elderly men with families who had good standing in their village; the title senator derives from this. Examples of the senex archetype in a positive form include the wise old man or wizard.

In the individuation process, the archetype of the Wise old man was late to emerge, and seen as an indication of the Self. 'If an individual has wrestled seriously enough and long enough with the anima (or animus) problem...the unconscious again changes its dominant character and appears in a new symbolic form...as a masculine initiator and guardian (an Indian guru), a wise old man, a spirit of nature, and so forth'.

The antithetical archetype, or enantiodromic opposite, of the senex is the Puer Aeternus.

In religion

Judaism and Christianity
Abraham, Moses, Solomon, Methuselah, Simeon, Joseph and Paul the Apostle and many others are considered wise old men in Judeo-Christian tradition. The basic sentence of the New Testament and Old Testament gerontology, which is equally binding for the Jewish and for the Christian religion, is: A long and fulfilling life is a gift from God. Those who die "old and full of life" are happy. In the Books of Moses a long life is promised, among other things, to those who honor father and mother and who do not use false weights.

Many of the notions of old age that are widespread in the western world have their origins in the Old Testament (and New Testament), without being aware of it today. Their age is associated with strengths such as prudence, experience, insight and wisdom, but also with weaknesses such as declining ability to love, sensory performance and health. Although wisdom is a gift of old age, even the elderly are not protected against youthful folly. In addition to statements such as "Gray hair is a splendid crown / one finds it on the path of righteousness".

Jesus as a child debated religious issues side by side with wise elders.

Cultural references

In fiction, a wise old man is often presented in the form of a wizard or other magician in medieval chivalric romance and modern fantasy literature and films, in the style of Merlin. Notable examples include Gandalf from The Lord of the Rings, Albus Dumbledore from Harry Potter and Obi-Wan Kenobi from Star Wars.

"Senex" is a name of a wise old character in the novel A Wind in the Door by Madeleine L'Engle.

Around the 1850s, the antiquarian Robert Reid used the pseudonym "Senex" when contributing articles on local history in the Glasgow Herald. These were later published in a series of volumes. Sir Alan Lascelles used the pen-name "Senex" when writing to The Times in 1950 setting out the so-called Lascelles Principles concerning the monarch's right to refuse a prime minister's request for a general election.

See also
 Analytical psychology
 Elderly martial arts master
 Hermit
 Hero's journey
 Ivory tower
 Magical Negro
 Magicians in fantasy
 Masonic Philosopher in Meditation
 Sage
 Wise Old Man/Woman
 Yogi

References

Jungian archetypes
Analytical psychology
Terms for men
Male stock characters
Folklore
Wisdom
Old age

Wise old man


Bernie Coulson (n. 1965) es un actor conocido por sus papeles en The X Files, como Michael Reardon en Intelligence y Pipefitter, el baterista de una banda punk, en Hard Core Logo. También hizo el papel de Rick Diesel en Eddie and The Cruisers II, Eddie Lives.

Primeros años
Nació y fue criado en Vancouver, Columbia Británica, donde se graduó de Magee High School en 1983. Por un tiempo, fue el compañero de cuarto de Brad Pitt.

Carrera
Apareció en Macgyver en 1988. Interpretó a Sid en Huckleberry Finn and His Friends. Interpretó a Sal en Loverboy junto a Patrick Dempsy.
También interviene en Acusados de 1988, junto a Jodie Foster

Referencias

Actores de Vancouver
Actores de cine de Canadá
Actores masculinos de Canadá
Nacidos en Vancouver

Bernie Coulson


Beaver Dam Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Beaver Dam Township (Missouri)
 Beaver Dam Township (North Carolina)

Siehe auch:
 Beaverdam Township

Beaver Dam Township


Hash er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1969 instrueret af Franz Ernst og Børge Høst.

Handling
Samtaler med hashbrugere og prøver på hashens virkninger, lader den enkelte finde frem til sin stilling til stoffet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1969

Hash (dokumentarfilm)


Onthophagus thoreyi é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Harold em 1868.

Referências

Ligações externas

thoreyi
Coleópteros descritos em 1868

Onthophagus thoreyi


Ana Pacatiuș () este o interpretă de folclor din Banat.

A cântat pe scenă alături de mari interpreți de folclor: Maria Tănase, Ion Cristoreanu, Ioana Radu, Ion Luican, Aurelia Fătu Răduțu, Lucreția Ciobanu, Rodica Bujor etc.

A activat ca artist profesionist la numeroase ansambluri: Ansamblul "Banatul", "Balada Cernei" , "Timișul" etc. cu care a avut numeroase turnee în tară și peste hotare.

Și-a îregistrat la Radio și Electrecord doinele si cântecele sale acompaniată de dirijori de prestigiu precum Paraschiv Oprea, Ionel Budișteanu, Victor Predescu etc.

În prezent are profesia de dascăl la Școala de arte "Ștafeta generațiilor" în cadrul Centrului de Cultură și Artă Timiș.

În data de 3 septembrie 1980, Ana Pacatiuș participă alături de Elena Jurjescu și alții la o serie de spectacole susținute în Sibiu, alături de Ansamblul de Muzică Populară Timișoara. Concertele de muzică populară bănățeană se intitulează "Vatră de cânte străbun". În anul 1988, Ana Pacatiuș participă alături de Nicoleta Voica, Ana Munteanu, Petrică Moise, Vasile Conea, Traian Jurchelea, Gheorghe Ieremici și Nicu Novac la o serie de concerte sub titlul de "Stelele cântecului bănățean". Concertele au loc în zilele de 16 iunie 1988 la Mediaș și 17 iunie la Sibiu. Alături de soliștii amintiți, au participat și Andreea Voica, Zoe Zaica și Monica Stiopoane.

Discografie
Discografia Anei Pacatiuș

Discuri Electrecord
 1963 - "Busuioc Mîndru Răsare"
 1964 - "Badea-l Meu E Bănățean"
 1968 - "Marie, Marie"
 1977 - "Pe Munte La Semenic"
 1992 - "Cînt Cu Suflet, Pentru Suflet"
 1997 - "Dorul Badei Mă Topește"
 2007 - "Ana Mea,Draga Mea"

Note

Nașteri în 1939
Nașteri pe 2 august
Interpreți de muzică populară românească
Oameni în viață
Oameni din județul Caraș-Severin
Bănățeni
Profesori români în viață

Ana Pacatiuș


Hermann Harrassowitz (* 15. September 1930 in Gießen; † 28. Mai 2022 in Altdorf bei Nürnberg) war ein deutscher Kirchenmusiker.

Werdegang
Harrassowitz studierte Kirchenmusik an der staatlichen Musikhochschule in Frankfurt, unter anderem bei Helmut Walcha. 1955 legte er dem A-Examen ab. Im Anschluss vertiefte er in Frankfurt und Marburg seine Kenntnisse auf der Oboe, in Schulmusik und in Altphilologie. Ab 1957 war er Stipendiat des Kulturkreises im Bundesverband der deutschen Industrie, 1959/60 gehörte er als Oboist zur Bundesauswahl der Konzerte junger Künstler.

Von 1962 bis 1995 war er Kirchenmusiker an der Pfarrkirche St. Lorenz in Nürnberg, ab 1968 Kirchenmusikdirektor. Als Organist entstanden mehrere Aufnahmen für den Hörfunk und er spielte Konzerte im In- und Ausland. Als Leiter des Bachchores und des Kammerchores von St. Lorenz unternahm er Konzertreisen in das In- und Ausland. 1973 wurde ihm die Ausrichtung des 48. Bachfestes der Neuen Bachgesellschaft in Nürnberg übertragen.

Harrassowitz war von 1978 bis 2003 Lehrbeauftragter für evangelische Kirchenmusik an der Musikhochschule Würzburg und wurde dort 1981 zum Honorarprofessor ernannt.

Ehrungen
 1991: Plakette "Soli Deo Gloria" des Landesverbandes der Evangelischen Kirchenchöre in Bayern
 1997: Verdienstkreuz am Bande der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Weblinks
 Vita Hermann Harrasowitz

Einzelnachweise

Kirchenmusikdirektor
Klassischer Organist
Hochschullehrer (HfM Würzburg)
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Kirchenmusiker (Nürnberg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1930
Gestorben 2022
Mann

Hermann Harrassowitz (Kirchenmusiker)


ද ලෙජන්ඩ් ඔෆ් කෝරා යනු 2012 සිට 2014 දක්වා කාලය තුල නිකලෝඩියන් රූපවාහිනී පද්ධතිය තුල විකාශනය වූ ඇමරිකානු සජීවීකාරක රූපවාහිනී කථා මාලාවකි. මෙම කථා මාලාව නිර්මාණය කරන ලද්දේ මයිකල් ඩාන්ටේ ඩි මාර්ටිනෝ සහ බ්‍රයන් කොනියෙට්ස්කෝ විසින් 2005 සිට 2008 දක්වා විකාශය වූ ඇවටාර්: ද ලාස්ට් එයා බෙන්ඩර් කථා මාලාවේ අනුබද්ධයක් ලෙසිනි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ද ලෙජන්ඩ් ඔෆ් කෝරා


Neovisni za Hrvatsku (NHR), hrvatska je desna politička stranka. Sadašnja predsjednica stranke je Bruna Esih.

Povijest

Osnivanje stranke
Stranka Neovisni za Hrvatsku osnovana je 1. lipnja 2017. godine u Zagrebu pod prvotnim nazivom Bruna Esih – Zlatko Hasanbegović: Neovisni za Hrvatsku, a upisana je u Registar političkih stranaka 26. lipnja 2017. godine. Osnovali su je Bruna Esih i Zlatko Hasanbegović. Na Osnivačkome saboru stranke za predsjednicu stranke izabrana je Bruna Esih. Glavni tajnik stranke je Ivo Mikić, a stranka nema dopredsjednika nego samo predsjedništvo. U Hrvatskome saboru stranka ima jednu zastupnicu (Bruna Esih).

Raskol Esih i Hasanbegovića
Nakon razlaza s predsjednicom stranke Brunom Esih Zlatko Hasanbegović u srpnju 2019. godine napustio je stranku i s jednim dijelom članova bivše stranke osnovao je stranku Blok za Hrvatsku.

Nestanak saborskog kluba
Od rujna 2019. godine stranka više nema saborski klub budući da su Željko Glasnović i Zlatko Hasanbegović sa zastupnikom stranke Hrast Hrvojem Zekanovićem utemeljili Klub zastupnika hrvatskih suverenista i nezavisnih zastupnika Željka Glasnovića i Zlatka Hasanbegovića.

Izborni rezultati

DIP

Povezani članci
 Stranka prava

Izvori

Hrvatske političke stranke od 1989.

Neovisni za Hrvatsku


අර්නස්ට් බ්රෑක්ස්බෑන්ක් මහතා දෙවන එලිසබෙත් මහ රාජෝත්තමාවියගේ හා ෆිලිප් කුමරුගේ මිණිබිරියක් වන එයුජීන් කුමරියගේ දෙවන පුත්‍රයා සහ දරුවා වේ.දෙවන එලිසබෙත් රැජිනගේ මීමුනුබුරෙකුද වේ.

උපත - 2023 මැයි 30

මාපියන් - එයුජීන් කුමරිය , ජැක් බ්රෑක්ස්බෑන්ක් මහතා

සීයලා සහ ආච්චිලා - ඇන්ඩෘ කුමරු , සාරා යෝර්ක් හි ආදිපාදවරිය , ජෝර්ජ් බ්රෑක්ස්බෑන්ක් මහතා , නිකොලා බ්රෑක්ස්බෑන්ක් ආර්යාව

අර්නස්ට් බ්රෑක්ස්බෑන්ක් මහතා


Lunar Strain is the debut studio album by Swedish heavy metal band In Flames, released in April 1994. The album is known for its "folky elements", with the inclusion of violins and acoustic guitars.

It is the only In Flames album to not feature Anders Fridén as the vocalist and Björn Gelotte as either drummer or lead guitarist. Guitarist Jesper Strömblad plays the drums, while the vocals are sung by Dark Tranquillity vocalist Mikael Stanne, a session musician for In Flames at the time. Stanne had sung with the band previously on "Demo '93". Coincidentally, Fridén was the original vocalist for Dark Tranquillity and he effectively traded places with Stanne in 1995. As of 2010, no members who played on this album are still with the band.

The songs "Behind Space" and "Clad in Shadows" were re-recorded in the album Colony (1999), featuring In Flames' future lineup; both songs were renamed with the suffix '99 at the end of the title. "Clad in Shadows '99" was also released on the reissue of the album Whoracle (1997).

Reissues
In 1999, the album was re-released under the title Lunar Strain – Subterranean, including all tracks from the band's future release, Subterranean.

On the 2003 Regain Records re-release, the songs order differs slightly, with "Clad in Shadows" being the second track, shifting the rest down by one.  However, the discrepancy is not apparent in the album's track listing. Track 10, on the original release "Clad in Shadows", became Track 2 (this was not shown on the album's track list), and each track after track 2 ended up being credited as the track before (i.e. "Clad in Shadows" is credited as "Lunar Strain", and so on).

The album was re-released and remastered with bonus tracks in 2004 via Regain Records and in 2005 via Candlelight Records, featuring the same artwork but a more modern logo, as seen on Reroute to Remain and Come Clarity. The bonus tracks are actually three songs re-recorded from the band's 1993 demo, which contained "alternative mixed versions of the album recordings."

Track listing

Personnel
In Flames
Mikael Stanne – lead vocals
Glenn Ljungström – lead guitar
Carl Näslund – rhythm guitar
Johan Larsson – bass guitar
Jesper Strömblad – drums, keyboards, additional guitars

Guest musicians
Ylva Wåhlstedt – violins, viola
Jennica Johansson – vocal appearance
Oscar Dronjak – vocal appearance
Anders Iwers – lead guitar (tracks 8–9 and 1993 demo bonus tracks)

Technical personnel
Fredrik Nordström, H. Bjurkvist, J. Karlsson – engineering
In Flames, Fredrik Nordström – mixing
StageTech – production
Kenneth Johansson – cover art and photos
Henrik Lindahl – additional photos
Local Hero Music – layout

Release history

References

External links
Lunar Strain at Inflames.com (archived)

In Flames albums
1994 debut albums
Regain Records albums
Candlelight Records albums

Lunar Strain


Andrés Arturo García Menéndez (d. 12 Nisan 1956, Havana), Amerikalı aktör ve yönetmen.

Andrés Arturo García Menéndez, 12 Nisan 1956 yılında yapışık ikiz olarak Havana'da dünyaya geldi. İkizi bir tenis topu büyüklüğündeydi ve cerrahi bir müdahale ile ayrıldılar, bu omuzunda bir yaranın oluşmasına sebep olmuştu. 1961 yılında ailesiyle birlikte ABD'ye göç etti. ABD'ye ilk geldiklerinde kötü işlerde çalışmak zorunda kalan aile, sonrasında 1 milyon dolardan fazla değere sahip olan bir parfüm şirketi kurdu. Lise yıllarında iyi bir basketbol oyuncusu olmasına rağmen lisenin son yıllarında geçirdiği sağlık sorunları nedeniyle sporu bıraktı ve dikkatini oyunculuğa çevirdi. İlk oyunculuk deneyimi 1978 yılında "¿Qué Pasa, USA?" dizisindeki "Pepe" karakteri ile oldu. Eylül 1982 yılında Marivi Lorido ile evlendi ve bu evlilikten 3'ü kız, 1'i erkek olmak üzere 4 çocuk sahibi oldu. 1993 yılında babasını kaybetti. 1995 yılında Empire dergisinin yaptığı "Film Tarihinin En Seksi 100 Yıldızı" listesine 65. sırada yer aldı. 2005 yılının sonlarında Sharon Stone ile birlikte Kurtlar Vadisi dizisinin son iki bölümünde "Amon" karakteri ile yer aldı. 2014 yılında ise aynı dizinin devam serisi olan Kurtlar Vadisi Pusu dizisinin 5 bölümünde yer aldı. Kasım 2016 yılında Fidel Castro'nun ölümü hakkında Fidel Castro'nun totaliter rejiminin zulüm ve baskıya neden olduğunu belirtti. 1953'ten 1959'a kadar olan devrimden bu yana Küba'yı yöneten komünist rejime olan nefretini dile getirdi.

Ödülleri

Filmografi

Dış Bağlantılar

1956 doğumlular
Havana doğumlular
20. yüzyılda Amerikalı erkek oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı erkek oyuncular
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki Kübalı göçmenler
Amerikalı erkek sinema oyuncuları
Amerikalı erkek dizi oyuncuları
Amerikalı antikomünistler
Küba asıllı Amerikalılar
Amerikalı Roma Katolikleri
Yaşayan insanlar

Andy García


Tozinameran pod kodnim nazivom BNT162b2, poznato kao cjepivo Pfizer – BioNTech COVID-19, a prodaje se pod robnom markom Comirnaty, je cjepivo protiv COVID-19, koje je BioNTech razvilo u suradnji s Pfizerom. To je i prvo cjepivo protiv COVID-19 koje je odobrilo strogo regulatorno tijelo za hitnu uporabu i prvo odobrenje za redovnu uporabu.

BioNTech je početni razvijač cjepiva, koji se udružio s Pfizerom za razvoj, logistiku, financije, nadgledanje kliničkih ispitivanja i za svjetsku proizvodnju, osim Kine, gdje je licencu za distribuciju i proizvodnju kupio Fosun, zajedno sa svojim ulaganje u BioNTech. Distribuciju u Njemačkoj i Turskoj vrši sam BioNTech.

Daje se intramuskularnom injekcijom. To je RNA cjepivo sastavljeno od nukleozidno modificirane mRNA koja kodira mutirani oblik proteina klasja SARS-CoV-2, koji je inkapsuliran u lipidne nanočestice. Za cijepljenje su potrebne dvije doze u razmaku od tri tjedna. Njegova sposobnost sprečavanja ozbiljne infekcije kod djece, trudnica ili osoba s oslabljenim imunitetom nije poznata, kao ni trajanje imunološkog učinka koji daje.

Ispitivanja su započela u travnju 2020 .; do studenog je cjepivo testirano na više od 40 000 ljudi. Privremena analiza podataka studije pokazala je potencijalnu učinkovitost od preko 90% u sprečavanju infekcije u roku od sedam dana od druge doze. Najčešće nuspojave uključuju blagu do umjerenu bol na mjestu uboda, umor i glavobolju. Od prosinca 2020. izvješća o ozbiljnim nuspojavama, poput alergijskih reakcija, bila su vrlo rijetka, a nisu zabilježene dugotrajne komplikacije.

U prosincu 2020. Tozinameran je bio na procjeni odobrenja za hitnu uporabu (EUA) za široku upotrebu od strane nekoliko medicinskih regulatora na globalnoj razini. Potrebno je hitno odobrenje jer su njegova klinička ispitivanja faze III još uvijek u tijeku: praćenje primarnih ishoda nastavit će se do kolovoza 2021., dok će se praćenje sekundarnih ishoda nastaviti do siječnja 2023. Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo je prva zemlja koja je odobrila njegovu upotrebu u hitnim slučajevima. Ostale su zemlje slijedile u roku od tjedan dana. Do 20. prosinca više od pola milijuna ljudi u Britaniji primilo je cjepivo u sklopu svog nacionalnog programa cijepljenja. Od 21. prosinca 17 zemalja i Europska unija odobrile su tozinameran, cjepivo Pfizer – BioNTech, za hitnu upotrebu.

Pfizer je u studenom 2020. naznačio da bi 50 milijuna doza moglo biti dostupno globalno do kraja 2020., s oko 1,3 milijarde doza 2021. godine.

Pfizer je unaprijed zaključio kupoprodajne ugovore od oko 3 milijarde američkih dolara za osiguravanje licenciranog cjepiva u Sjedinjenim Državama, Europskoj uniji, Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, Japanu, Kanadi, Peruu i Meksiku. Distribucija i skladištenje cjepiva logistički je izazov jer ga treba čuvati na temperaturama između -80 i -60 ° C, do pet dana prije cijepljenja.

Razvoj
Prije cjepiva protiv COVID, cjepivo protiv zarazne bolesti nikada prije nije proizvedeno u manje od nekoliko godina, a nije postojalo cjepivo za sprečavanje zaraze koronavirusom kod ljudi. Nakon otkrivanja koronavirusa u prosincu 2019. godine, razvoj BNT162b2 pokrenut je 10. siječnja 2020. godine, kada je kineski centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti putem GISAID-a objavio genetske sekvence SARS-CoV-2,  pokretanje hitne međunarodne reakcije radi pripreme za izbijanje bolesti i ubrzavanja razvoja preventivnih cjepiva.

U siječnju 2020. njemačka biotehnološka tvrtka BioNtech započela je svoj program 'Lightspeed' za razvoj cjepiva protiv novog virusa COVID-19 na temelju već uspostavljene mRNA-tehnologije. Nekoliko varijanti cjepiva stvoreno je u njihovim laboratorijima u Mainzu, a 20 od njih predstavljeno je stručnjacima Instituta Paul-Ehrlich u Langenu. Ispitivanja faze I / II započeta su u Njemačkoj 23. travnja 2020., a u SAD-u 4. svibnja 2020., s četiri kandidata za cjepivo koja su ušla u klinička ispitivanja. Početno ključno ispitivanje faze II / III s kandidatom za glavno cjepivo 'BNT162b2' započelo je u srpnju. Rezultati III faze koji ukazuju na 95% učinkovitosti razvijenog cjepiva objavljeni su 18. studenog 2020.

BioNTech je u ožujku 2020. godine od Fosuna primio 135 milijuna američkih dolara ulaganja u zamjenu za 1,58 milijuna dionica BioNTecha i buduća razvojna i marketinška prava BNT162b2 u Kini, Hong Kongu, Makau i Tajvanu.

U rujnu 2020. njemačka vlada odobrila je BioNTech-u 375 milijuna eura (445 milijuna američkih dolara) za svoj program razvoja cjepiva COVID-19 u vrijeme kada je Pfizer financirao svoj dio troškova razvoja bez državnog financiranja. BioNTech je također dobio 100 milijuna eura (119 milijuna američkih dolara) za financiranje od Europske komisije i Europske investicijske banke, a sporazum o financiranju završen je u lipnju 2020.

Izvršni direktor Pfizera Albert Bourla izjavio je da se odlučio za uzimanje sredstava iz američke vlade Operacije Warp Speed za razvoj cjepiva "jer sam želio osloboditi naše znanstvenike svake birokracije koja dolazi s tim da moraju davati izvještaje i dogovarati se kako idemo trošiti novac paralelno ili zajedno itd. " Pfizer je zaključio sporazum sa SAD-om o eventualnoj distribuciji cjepiva, kao i s drugim zemljama.

Klinička ispitivanja
Preliminarni rezultati kliničkih ispitivanja faze I – II na BNT162b2, objavljeni u listopadu 2020, ukazali su na potencijal njegove učinkovitosti i sigurnosti. Istog mjeseca, Europska agencija za lijekove (EMA) započela je periodični pregled BNT162b2.

Studija BNT162b2 kontinuirano je ispitivanje u fazi III od studenoga 2020. Riječ je o "randomiziranoj, placebo kontroliranom, slijepom promatraču, istraživanju doza, odabiru kandidata za cjepivo i ispitivanju učinkovitosti kod zdravih osoba". Istraživanjem u ranoj fazi utvrđena je sigurnost i razina doze za dva kandidata za cjepivo, a pokus se proširio sredinom 2020. godine kako bi se procijenila učinkovitost i sigurnost BNT162b2 u većem broju sudionika, dosegnuvši desetke tisuća ljudi koji su primali testna cijepljenja u više zemalja suradnja s Pfizerom i Fosunom.

Ispitivanje faze III procjenjuje sigurnost, djelotvornost, podnošljivost i imunogenost BNT162b2 na razini srednje doze (dvije injekcije odvojene po 21 dan) u tri dobne skupine: 12–15 godina, 16–55 godina ili više od 55 godina. Za odobrenje u EU, EMA je potvrdila ukupnu učinkovitost cjepiva od 95%.

Tekuće ispitivanje faze III, koje bi trebalo trajati od 2020. do 2022. godine, osmišljeno je kako bi se procijenila sposobnost BNT162b2 da spriječi ozbiljnu infekciju, kao i trajanje imunološkog učinka.

Tehnologija
Tehnologija BioNTech za cjepivo BNT162b2 temelji se na korištenju nukleozidno modificirane mRNA (modRNA) koja kodira dio proteina klasova koji se nalazi na površini koronavirusa SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), što pokreće imunološki odgovor protiv infekcije proteinom virusa.

Kandidat za cjepivo BNT162b2 odabran je kao najperspektivniji među trojicom slične tehnologije koju je razvio BioNTech. Prije odabira BNT162b2, BioNTech i Pfizer proveli su ispitivanja faze I na BNT162b1 u Njemačkoj i Sjedinjenim Državama, dok je Fosun izveo ispitivanje faze I u Kini. U ovim studijama faze I pokazalo se da BNT162b2 ima bolji sigurnosni profil od ostala tri kandidata za BioNTech.

Sekvenca
ModRNA sekvenca tozinamerana duga je 4.284 nukleotida, s molekularnom težinom od približno 1388 kDa. Sastoji se od kapice s pet glavnih mjesta; pet primarnih neprevedenih područja izvedenih iz slijeda humanog alfa globina; gen optimiziran za kodon proteina spike pune duljine SARS-CoV-2 (baze 55–3879), uključujući signalni peptid (baze 55–102) i dvije supstitucije prolina (K986P i V987P, označene kao "2P") koji uzrokovati da šiljak usvoji prefuzijski stabiliziranu konformaciju smanjujući sposobnost fuzije membrane, povećavajući ekspresiju i stimulirajući neutralizirajuća antitijela; nakon čega slijede tri primarna neprevedena područja (baze 3880-4174) kombinirana iz AES i mtRNR1 odabranih za povećanu ekspresiju proteina i stabilnost mRNA; i poli (A) rep koji sadrži 30 adenozinskih ostataka, 10-nukleotidnu vezujuću sekvencu i 70 ostalih adenozinskih ostataka (baze 4175-4284). Slijed ne sadrži ostatke uridina; zamijenjeni su 1-metil-3′-pseudouridinom.

Uporaba

Ubrzana
Regulatorna agencija za lijekove i zdravstvene proizvode Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva (MHRA) dala je cjepivu "brzo privremeno regulatorno odobrenje za rješavanje značajnih javnozdravstvenih problema, poput pandemije", što je dopušteno prema Zakonu o lijekovima iz 1968. godine. prvo cjepivo protiv COVID-19 koje je odobreno za nacionalnu uporabu nakon provedenih velikih ispitivanja, i prvo cjepivo protiv mRNA koje je odobreno za uporabu na ljudima. Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo tako je postalo prva zapadna zemlja koja je odobrila cjepivo COVID-19 za nacionalnu upotrebu, iako su neki stručnjaci kritizirali odluku o ubrzanom cjepivu.

8. prosinca 2020., Margaret "Maggie" Keenan (90) iz Fermanagh postala je prva osoba koja je primila cjepivo u Velikoj Britaniji. Do 20. prosinca 521 594 stanovnika Velike Britanije primilo je cjepivo u sklopu nacionalnog programa cijepljenja. 70% je bilo kod ljudi starijih od 80 godina.

U prosincu, nakon Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, sljedeće zemlje ubrzale su postupke za odobravanje cjepiva Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 za upotrebu: Argentina, Bahrein, Kanada, Čile, Kostarika, Ekvador, Jordan, Kuvajt, Meksiko, Oman, Sjedinjene Države, Saudijska Arabija, Singapur, Irak, Izrael, Panama, Katar i Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati.

Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) odobrila ga je za hitne potrebe.

U Sjedinjenim Državama, odobrenje za hitnu uporabu (EUA) "mehanizam je koji olakšava dostupnost i upotrebu medicinskih protumjera, uključujući cjepiva, tijekom hitnih slučajeva u javnom zdravstvu, poput trenutne pandemije COVID-19", navodi FDA. Nakon izdavanja EUA, očekuje se da će BioNTech i Pfizer nastaviti fazu III kliničkog ispitivanja kako bi se finalizirali podaci o sigurnosti i djelotvornosti, što dovodi do zahtjeva za licencu (odobrenje) cjepiva u Sjedinjenim Državama. Savjetodavni odbor za imunizacijske prakse (ACIP) Američkih centara za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti (CDC) odobrio je preporuke za cijepljenje osoba starijih od 16 godina.

Standardna
Švicarska agencija za terapijske proizvode (Swissmedic) odobrila je 19. prosinca 2020. cjepivo Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 za redovnu uporabu, dva mjeseca nakon zaprimanja zahtjeva, navodeći da je cjepivo u potpunosti udovoljavalo zahtjevima sigurnosti, djelotvornosti i kvalitete. Ovo je prvo odobrenje prema standardnom postupku, jer švicarski zakoni ne dopuštaju hitna odobrenja. 23. prosinca stanovnica Lucerna, 90-godišnjakinja, postala je prva osoba koja je primila cjepivo u Švicarskoj. To je označilo početak masovnog cijepljenja u kontinentalnoj Europi.

21. prosinca 2020. Odbor za lijekove za humanu upotrebu (CHMP) Europske agencije za lijekove (EMA) preporučio je davanje uvjetnog odobrenja za stavljanje tozinamerana u promet. Preporuku je prihvatila Europska komisija istog dana.

Neželjeni događaji
Profil štetnih učinaka tozinamerana sličan je profilu bilo kojeg standardnog cjepiva za odrasle. Tijekom kliničkih ispitivanja, jedine nuspojave za koje se smatralo da su vrlo česte bile su (redoslijedom učestalosti): bol i oteklina na mjestu injekcije, umor, glavobolja, bolovi u mišićima, hladnoća, bolovi u zglobovima i vrućica. Groznica je bila češća nakon druge doze. Ti su učinci predvidljivi i za očekivati ih, a posebno je važno da ljudi toga budu svjesni kako bi spriječili kolebanje cjepiva.

Kao rezultat dva primatelja cjepiva koja su imala ozbiljne anafilaktičke reakcije, britanska Regulatorna agencija za lijekove i zdravstvene proizvode (MHRA) savjetovala je 9. prosinca 2020. da ljudi koji imaju povijest "značajne" alergijske reakcije ne smiju primati Pfizer-BioNTech COVID -19 cjepiva. Dana 12. prosinca kanadski regulator slijedio je njihov primjer, napominjući da: "Obje su osobe u Velikoj Britaniji imale povijest teških alergijskih reakcija i nosile su automatske injektore adrenalina. Oboje su liječeni i oporavili su se."

Od 18. prosinca američki Centri za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti (CDC) izjavili su da je u njihovoj nadležnosti zabilježeno šest slučajeva "teške alergijske reakcije" iz više od 250 000 cijepljenja, a od tih šest samo je jedna osoba imala "povijest reakcije cijepljenja ".

Proizvodnja
Pfizer proizvodi cjepivo u vlastitim pogonima u trostupanjskom procesu. Prva faza, koja se provodi u maloj pilotskoj tvornici u St. Louisu, uključuje molekularno kloniranje DNA plazmida koji kodiraju protein klas kroz njihovo unošenje u bakterije Escherichia coli. Nakon četiri dana rasta, bakterije se ubijaju i otvaraju, a sadržaj njihovih stanica pročišćava se kroz tjedan i pol da bi se dobio željeni DNK proizvod. DNA se čuva u malim bočicama i zamrzava za otpremu. Sigurni i brzi transport DNK u ovoj je fazi toliko važan da je Pfizer za pomoć koristio svoj mrežni avion i helikopter.

Druga se faza provodi u pogonima u Andoveru, Massachusetts, i u Njemačkoj. DNA se koristi kao predložak za izgradnju željenih mRNA lanaca. Jednom kad se mRNA stvori i pročisti, zamrzava se u plastičnim vrećama veličine približno velike vreće za kupovinu, od kojih svaka može sadržavati do 5 do 10 milijuna doza. Vreće se postavljaju na posebne police na kamionima koji ih prevoze do sljedeće tvornice.

Treća faza se provodi u pogonima u Kalamazoou u Michiganu i Puursu u Belgiji. Ova faza uključuje kombiniranje mRNA s lipidnim nanočesticama, zatim punjenje bočica, boks bočica i njihovo zamrzavanje. Podružnica Croda International Avanti Polar Lipids osigurava potrebne lipide. Od studenog 2020. glavno usko grlo u proizvodnom procesu bilo je kombiniranje mRNA s lipidnim nanočesticama.

Unaprijeđene narudžbe i logistika
Pfizer je u svom priopćenju za tisak 9. studenoga naznačio da bi 50 milijuna doza moglo biti dostupno do kraja 2020., a oko 1,3 milijarde doza bilo bi osigurano globalno do 2021. U srpnju 2020. godine program za razvoj cjepiva Operacija Warp Speed dao je Pfizeru unaprijed narudžbu od 1,95 milijardi američkih dolara za proizvodnju 100 milijuna doza cjepiva COVID-19 za uporabu u Sjedinjenim Državama ako se pokaže da je cjepivo sigurno i učinkovito.

Pfizer ima ugovore o isporuci 300 milijuna doza Europskoj uniji, 120 milijuna doza Japanu, 40 milijuna doza (10 milijuna prije 2021) Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, 20 milijuna doza Kanadi,  i 34,4 milijuna doza u Meksiko. Fosun također ima sporazume o isporuci 10 milijuna doza u Hong Kong i Makao. Vlada Hong Konga rekla je da će primiti prvu seriju od milijun doza do prvog kvartala 2021.

BioNTech i Fosun dogovorili su se da će kontinentalnoj Kini 2021. opskrbiti seriju od 100 milijuna doza, podložno regulatornom odobrenju. Početna opskrba isporučivat će se iz proizvodnih pogona tvrtke BioNTech u Njemačkoj.

Cjepivo se isporučuje u bočicama koje jednom razrijeđene sadrže 2,25 ml cjepiva (0,45 ml smrznutog plus 1,8 ml razrjeđivača). Prema oznakama na bočici, svaka bočica sadrži pet doza od 0,3 ml, međutim višak cjepiva može se upotrijebiti za 1, ili možda 2 dodatne doze. Za dobivanje dodatnih doza poželjnija je upotreba štrcaljki s malim prostorom, a djelomične doze unutar bočice treba odbaciti. Talijanska agencija za lijekove službeno je odobrila uporabu viška doza preostalih u pojedinačnim bočicama.

Logistika u zemljama u razvoju koje imaju predbilježbe s Pfizerom - poput Ekvadora i Perua - i dalje je nejasna. Čak i zemlje s visokim dohotkom imaju ograničeni kapacitet hladnog lanca za ultrahladni transport i skladištenje cjepiva koje se razgrađuje u roku od pet dana kada se odmrzne i potrebna su dva pucanja u razmaku od tri tjedna. Cjepivo treba čuvati i transportirati na ultrahladnim temperaturama između -80 i -60 ° C. Šef indonezijske Bio Farme Honesti Basyir izjavio je da kupnja cjepiva ne dolazi u obzir za četvrtu najmnogoljudniju zemlju na svijetu, s obzirom na to da nije imala potrebne sposobnosti hladnog lanca. Slično tome, postojeća indijska mreža hladnih lanaca može podnijeti samo temperature između 2 i 8 ° C, daleko iznad zahtjeva cjepiva.

U siječnju 2021. Pfizer Inc. i BioNTech SE ponudili su isporuku 50 milijuna doza COVID-19 cjepiva za zdravstvene radnike širom Afrike između ožujka i kraja 2021., po sniženoj dozi od 10 dolara.

Izvori

Koronavirusi
Cjepiva

Tozinameran


إيمي رومارين بيلونغ  (11 يونيو 1970 في موندو) لاعب كرة قدم كاميروني الجنسية تشادي المولد معتزل كان يجيد اللعب في خط الدفاع .<ref>[http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.joueurs.romarin.billong.14354.fr.html |site=footballdatabase.eu |références =

بدأ بيلونغ مسيرته الرياضية في نادي ليون سنة 1989 وبعد 6 سنوات انتقل إلى نادي سانت إتيان . في سنة 2000 انتقل إلى نادي وست هام يونايتد الإنجليزي واختتم مسيرته الرياضية في نادي نانسي واعتزل نهائيا لعب كرة القدم في سنة 2002 .

شارك مع منتخب الكاميرون في بطولة كأس الأمم الأفريقية لكرة القدم 1998 التي أقيمت في بوركينا فاسو وخرج من الدور الربع النهائي على يد منتخب جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون كاميرونيون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون كاميرونيون مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو سانت إتيان
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 1998
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم كاميرونيون
لاعبو كرة قدم كاميرونيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو منتخب الكاميرون لكرة القدم
لاعبو نانسي
لاعبو وست هام يونايتد
مواليد 1970

رومارين بيلونغ


Vito Genovese (; November 21, 1897 – February 14, 1969) was an Italian-born American mobster who mainly operated in the United States. Genovese rose to power during Prohibition as an enforcer in the American Mafia. A long-time associate and childhood friend of Lucky Luciano, Genovese took part in the Castellammarese War and helped shape the rise of the Mafia and organized crime in the United States. He would later lead Luciano's crime family, which was renamed the Genovese crime family in his honor.

Along with Luciano, Genovese helped the expansion of the heroin trade to an international level. In 1937, he fled to Italy, and for a brief period during World War II, he supported Benito Mussolini's regime in Italy for fear of being deported back to the United States to face murder charges. He returned to the United States in 1945. Genovese served as mentor to Vincent "Chin" Gigante, the future boss of the Genovese crime family.

In 1957, Genovese vied for the boss of bosses title by ordering the murder of Albert Anastasia and the botched murder attempt of Frank Costello. Immediately following this, he called a mafia summit to consolidate his power, but the meeting was raided by the police. In 1959, his reign was cut short as he was convicted on narcotics conspiracy charges and sentenced to 15 years in prison. While he and his underling Joe Valachi were in prison together, Valachi killed an inmate he thought to be a hitman sent by Genovese. Valachi then became a government witness. Genovese died in prison on February 14, 1969.

Early life
Vito Genovese was born on November 21, 1897, in Risigliano, a frazione in the comune of Tufino, in the Province of Naples, Italy. His father was Frances Felice Genovese and his mother Nunziata Aluotto. Vito had a sister Giovanna Jennie (m. Richard Prisco) along with two brothers, Michael and Carmine, who also belonged to Genovese's crime family. His cousin, Michael, became boss of the Pittsburgh crime family.

As a child in Italy, Genovese completed school only to the American equivalent of the fifth grade. In 1913, when Genovese was 15, his family immigrated to the United States onboard the SS Taormina and took up residence in Little Italy, Manhattan.

Genovese was  He and his family lived a quiet life in a house in Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey.

Criminal career
Genovese started his criminal career stealing merchandise from pushcart vendors and running errands for mobsters. He later collected money from people who played illegal lotteries. At 19, Genovese spent a year in prison for illegal possession of a firearm.

By the 1920s, Genovese started working for Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria, the boss of a powerful Manhattan gang that would evolve into the family he would eventually lead. Charlie Luciano and his close associates started working for gambler Arnold "The Brain" Rothstein, who immediately saw the potential windfall from Prohibition and educated Luciano on running bootleg alcohol as a business. Luciano, Frank Costello, and Genovese started their own bootlegging operation with financing from Rothstein.

In 1930, Genovese was indicted on counterfeiting charges when police found $1 million of counterfeit US currency in a Bath Beach, Brooklyn, workshop. Later in 1930, Genovese allegedly murdered Gaetano Reina, the leader of a Bronx-based gang. Reina had been a Masseria ally, but Masseria decided to kill him after he began to suspect him of secretly helping Masseria's archrival, Brooklyn gang leader Salvatore Maranzano. On February 26, 1930, Genovese allegedly ambushed Reina as he was leaving his mistress's house in the Bronx and shot him in the back of the head with a shotgun. Masseria then took direct control of the Reina gang.

Castellammarese War
In early 1930, the Castellammarese War broke out between Masseria and Maranzano. In a secret deal with Maranzano, Luciano agreed to engineer the death of his boss, Masseria, in return for receiving Masseria's rackets and becoming Maranzano's second-in-command. On April 15, 1931, Luciano had lured Masseria to a meeting where he was murdered at a restaurant called Nuova Villa Tammaro on Coney Island. While they played cards, Luciano allegedly excused himself to the bathroom, with the gunmen reportedly being Genovese, Albert Anastasia, Joe Adonis, and Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel; Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova drove the getaway car, but legend has it that he was too shaken up to drive away and had to be shoved out of the driver's seat by Siegel. Luciano took over Masseria's family, with Genovese as his underboss.

In September 1931, Luciano and Genovese planned the murder of Salvatore Maranzano. Luciano had received word that Maranzano was planning to kill him and Genovese, and prepared a hit team to kill Maranzano first. On September 10, 1931, when Maranzano summoned Luciano, Genovese, and Frank Costello to a meeting at his office, they knew Maranzano would kill them there. Instead, Luciano sent to Maranzano's office four Jewish gangsters whose faces were unknown to Maranzano's people. They had been secured with the aid of Meyer Lansky and Siegel. Luciano subsequently created The Commission to serve as the governing body for organized crime.

In 1931, Genovese's first wife, Donata Ragone, died of tuberculosis and he quickly announced his intention to marry Anna Petillo, who was already married to Gerard Vernotico.

On March 16, 1932, Vernotico was found strangled to death on a Manhattan rooftop, and on March 28, 1932 Genovese married his widow, Anna, who was Genovese's cousin via her mother, Concetta y Cassini Genovese.

Boccia murder and flight to Italy
In 1934, Genovese allegedly ordered the murder of mobster Ferdinand Boccia. Genovese and Boccia had conspired to cheat a wealthy gambler out of $150,000 in a high-stakes card game. After the game, Boccia demanded a share of $35,000 because he had introduced the victim to Genovese. Rather than pay Boccia anything, Genovese decided to have him murdered. On September 19, 1934, Genovese and five associates allegedly shot and killed Boccia in a coffee shop in Brooklyn.

On June 18, 1936, Luciano was sentenced to 30 to 50 years in prison as a result of his conviction on pandering. With Luciano's imprisonment, Genovese became acting boss of the Luciano crime family.

On November 25, 1936, Genovese became a naturalized United States citizen in New York City. In 1937, fearing prosecution for the Boccia murder, Genovese fled to Italy with $750,000 cash and settled in the city of Nola, near Naples. With Genovese's departure, Costello became acting boss.

After bribing some fascist party members, Genovese became a friend of Galeazzo Ciano, Benito Mussolini's son-in-law; it is believed Genovese provided Ciano with cocaine. Genovese donated nearly $4 million to Mussolini's fascist party by the end of World War II. He was also awarded the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus and made a commendatore, after he participated in helping create a new fascist party headquarters in Nola.

In 1943, Genovese allegedly ordered the murder of Carlo Tresca, the publisher of an anarchist newspaper in New York and an enemy of Mussolini. Genovese allegedly facilitated the murder as a favor to the Italian government. On January 11, 1943, a gunman shot and killed Tresca outside his newspaper office in Manhattan. The shooter was later alleged to be Carmine Galante, a member of the Bonanno crime family. No one was ever charged in the Tresca murder.

Return to New York
When the Allies invaded Italy in September 1943, Genovese switched sides and quickly offered his services to the U.S. Army. Former New York governor Charles Poletti, then attached to the U.S. Army, accepted a 1938 Packard Sedan as a personal gift from Genovese. Genovese was appointed to a position of interpreter/liaison officer in the U.S. Army headquarters in Naples and quickly became one of Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories' (AMGOT) most trusted employees. Poletti and the entire AMGOT department were completely unaware of his history.

Genovese established one of the largest black market operations in southern Italy, together with the Italian gangster Calogero Vizzini. Vizzini sent truck caravans loaded with all the basic food commodities necessary for the Italian diet rolling northward to hungry Naples, where their cargoes were distributed by Genovese's organization. All of the trucks were issued passes and export papers by the AMGOT administration in Naples and Sicily, and some corrupt American army officers even made contributions of gasoline and trucks to the operation. According to Luke Monzelli, a lieutenant in the Carabinieri assigned to follow Genovese during his time in Italy: "Truckloads of food supplies were shipped from Vizzini to Genovese — all accompanied by the proper documents which had been certified by men in authority, Mafia members in the service of Vizzini and Genovese."

In the summer of 1944 in New York, Genovese was implicated in the Boccia murder by mobster Ernest "The Hawk" Rupolo, a former Genovese associate. Facing a murder conviction, Rupolo had decided to become a government witness.

On August 27, 1944, U.S. military police arrested Genovese in Italy during an investigation into his running of a black market ring. It was revealed that Genovese had been stealing trucks, flour, and sugar from the Army. When Agent Orange C. Dickey of the Criminal Investigation Division examined Genovese's background, he discovered that Genovese was a fugitive wanted for the 1934 Boccia killing. However, there was seemingly little interest from the Army or the federal government in pursuing Genovese.

After months of frustration, Dickey was finally able to make preparations to ship Genovese back to New York to face trial, but came under increasing pressure. Genovese personally offered Dickey a $250,000 bribe to release him, then threatened Dickey when the offer was refused. Dickey was even instructed by his superiors in the military chain of command to refrain from pursuing Genovese, but refused to be dissuaded.

On June 2, 1945, after arriving in New York by ship the day before, Genovese was arraigned on murder charges for the 1934 Boccia killing. He pleaded not guilty. On June 10, 1946, another prosecution witness, Jerry Esposito, was found shot to death beside a road in Norwood, New Jersey. Earlier, another witness, Peter LaTempa, was found dead in a cell where he had been held in protective custody.

Without anyone to corroborate Rupolo's testimony, the government's case collapsed, and the charges against Genovese were dismissed on June 10, 1946. In making his decision, Judge Samuel Leibowitz commented:

I cannot speak for the jury, but I believe that if there were even a shred of corroborating evidence, you would have been condemned to the (electric) chair.

Pursuit of power
With his release from custody in 1946, Genovese was able to rejoin the Luciano family in New York; however, neither Costello nor his underboss Willie Moretti was willing to return power to him. In 1946, Lansky called a meeting of the heads of the major crime families in Havana that December. The three topics which would come under discussion were the heroin trade, Cuban gambling, and what to do about Bugsy Siegel and the floundering Flamingo Hotel project in Las Vegas. The conference took place at the Hotel Nacional de Cuba and lasted a little more than a week.

On December 20, during the conference, Luciano had a private meeting with Genovese in Luciano's hotel suite. Unlike Costello, Luciano had never trusted Genovese. In the meeting, Genovese tried to convince Luciano to become a titular boss of bosses and let Genovese run everything. Luciano calmly rejected Genovese's suggestion:

There is no Boss of Bosses. I turned it down in front of everybody. If I ever change my mind, I will take the title. But it won't be up to you. Right now you work for me and I ain't in the mood to retire. Don't you ever let me hear this again, or I'll lose my temper.

Genovese was now a capo of his former Greenwich Village Crew. However, on October 4, 1951, Moretti was assassinated by order of the Mafia Commission; the mob bosses were unhappy with his testimony during the Kefauver Hearings, and were worried, with the syphilis now affecting his brain, he might start talking to the press. Costello appointed Genovese as the new underboss.

In December 1952, Anna Genovese sued her husband for financial support, and later divorce in 1953, as well as testifying to Vito's involvement in criminal rackets, an unheard-of action by the wife of a mob figure. Two years earlier, she had moved out of the family home in New Jersey. She asked the judge for $350 per week. Vito filed a counter-suit for divorce on the grounds of desertion. According to Anna Genovese, Vito Genovese ruled the Italian lottery in New York and New Jersey, bringing in over $1 million per year, owned four Greenwich Village night clubs, a dog track in Virginia, and other legitimate businesses. Both claims were ultimately dismissed in the New Jersey Superior Court appellate division, in 1954. In 1953, Genovese allegedly ordered the murder of mobster Steven Franse. Genovese had tasked Franse with supervising Anna while he hid in Italy. Outraged over Anna's potential love affairs and her lawsuit against him, Genovese ordered Joseph Valachi to set up Franse's murder. On June 18, 1953, Valachi lured Franse to his restaurant in the Bronx, where Franse was strangled to death by Pasquale Pagano and Fiore Siano (Valachi's nephew).

During the mid-1950s, Genovese decided to move against Costello. However, Genovese needed to also remove Costello's strong ally on the Commission, Albert Anastasia, the boss of the Anastasia crime family. Genovese was soon conspiring with Carlo Gambino, Anastasia's underboss, to remove Anastasia.

In early 1957, Genovese decided the time to move on Costello had come. Genovese ordered Vincent Gigante to murder Costello, and on May 2, 1957, Gigante shot and wounded Costello outside his apartment building. Although the wound was superficial, it persuaded Costello to relinquish power to Genovese and retire. A doorman identified Gigante as the gunman, however, in 1958, Costello testified that he was unable to recognize his assailant; Gigante was acquitted on charges of attempted murder. Genovese now became boss of what is known as the Genovese crime family and promoted his longtime lieutenant, Anthony Strollo, to underboss.

In late 1957, Genovese and Gambino allegedly ordered Anastasia's murder. Genovese had heard rumors that Costello was conspiring with Anastasia to regain power. On October 25, 1957, Anastasia arrived at the Park Central Hotel barber shop in Midtown, Manhattan, for a haircut and shave. As Anastasia relaxed in the barber chair, two men with their faces covered in scarves shot and killed him. Witnesses were unable to identify any of the gunmen, and competing theories exist today as to their identities.

Apalachin meeting and prison

In November 1957, immediately after the Anastasia murder, after taking control of the Luciano crime family from Costello, Genovese wanted to legitimize his new power by holding a national Cosa Nostra meeting. Genovese selected Buffalo, New York boss and Commission member Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino to organize the meeting; he in turn chose northeastern Pennsylvania crime boss Joseph Barbara and his underboss Russell Bufalino to oversee all the arrangements for it. Cuba was one of the topics of discussion, particularly the gambling and narcotics smuggling interests of La Cosa Nostra on the island. The international narcotics trade was also an important topic on the agenda. The New York garment industry interests and rackets, such as loansharking to the business owners and control of garment center trucking, were other important topics on the agenda.

On November 14, 1957, powerful mafiosi from the United States and Italy convened at Barbara's estate in Apalachin, New York. The meeting agenda included the resolution of open questions on illegal gambling and narcotics dealing, particularly in the New York City area. State trooper Edgar D. Croswell had become aware that Barbara's son was reserving rooms in local hotels along with the delivery of a large quantity of meat from a local butcher to the Barbara home. That made Croswell suspicious, and he therefore decided to keep an eye on Barbara's house. When the state police found many luxury cars parked at Barbara's home they began taking down license plate numbers. Having found that many of these cars were registered to known criminals, state police reinforcements came to the scene and began to set up a roadblock. When the mobsters discovered the police presence, they started fleeing the gathering by car and by foot. Many Mafiosi escaped through the woods surrounding the Barbara estate. The police stopped a car driven by Bufalino, whose passengers included Genovese and three other men, at a roadblock as they left the estate; Bufalino said that he had come to visit his sick friend, Barbara. Genovese said he was just there for a barbecue and to discuss business with Barbara. The police let him go.

On June 2, 1958, Genovese testified under subpoena in the U.S. Senate McClellan Hearings on organized crime. Genovese refused to answer any questions, citing the Fifth Amendment rights under the U.S. Constitution 150 separate times.

Luciano allegedly helped pay part of $100,000 to a Puerto Rican drug dealer to falsely implicate Genovese in a drug deal. On July 7, 1958, Genovese was indicted on charges of conspiring to import and sell narcotics. The government's star witness was Nelson Cantellops, a Puerto Rican drug dealer who claimed Genovese met with him. On April 4, 1959, Genovese was convicted in New York of conspiracy to violate federal narcotics laws. On April 17, 1959, Genovese was sentenced to 15 years in the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta, where he tried to run his crime family from prison. In his book, Five Families, longtime New York Times organized-crime reporter Selwyn Raab wrote that a number of detectives, lawyers and organized crime experts have questioned the legitimacy of Genovese's conviction. For instance, longtime NYPD detective Ralph Salerno argued that "anyone who understands the protocol and insulation procedures" of the Mafia would find it "almost unbelievable" that a crime boss would be directly involved in a drug operation.

In September 1959, Genovese allegedly ordered the murder of mobster Anthony Carfano. Angered at the murder attempt on Costello, Carfano had skipped the Apalachin meeting in protest. In response, Genovese decided to murder him. On September 25, 1959, Carfano and a female companion were found shot to death in his Cadillac automobile on a residential street in Jackson Heights, Queens.

In April 1962, Genovese allegedly ordered the murder of Anthony Strollo after concluding that Strollo was part of the plot that put him in prison. On April 8, Strollo left his house to go for a walk and was never seen again. His body was never recovered.

In 1962, an alleged murder threat from Genovese propelled mobster Joseph Valachi into the public spotlight. In June, Genovese supposedly accused Valachi, also imprisoned in Atlanta, of being an informer and gave Valachi the kiss of death. In July, Valachi supposedly mistook another inmate for a mob hitman and killed him. A $100,000 bounty for Valachi's death had been placed by Genovese. After receiving a life sentence for that murder, Valachi decided to become a government witness.

On August 24, 1964, Ernest Rupolo's body was recovered from Jamaica Bay, Queens. His killers had attached two concrete blocks to his legs and tied his hands. It was widely assumed that Genovese had ordered Rupolo's murder for testifying against him in the 1944 Boccia murder trial.

Death
Genovese died of a heart attack at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri, on   He is buried in Saint John Cemetery in Middle Village, Queens.

In popular culture

 Genovese is portrayed in the 1972 film The Valachi Papers by Lino Ventura.
 Genovese is portrayed in the 1974 film Crazy Joe by Eli Wallach.
 Genovese is portrayed in  the 1991 film Bugsy by Don Carrara.
 Genovese is portrayed in  the 1999 film Lansky by Robert Miano.
 Genovese is portrayed in the 1999 television movie Bonanno: A Godfather's Story by Emidio Michetti.
 Genovese is portrayed in the 2001 television movie Boss of Bosses by Steven Bauer.
 Genovese features in the sixth episode of UK television channel Yesterday's documentary series Mafia's Greatest Hits.
 Genovese is portrayed in the 2015 television series The Making of the Mob: New York by Craig Thomas Rivela.
 Genovese is portrayed in the 2019 film Mob Town by Robert Davi.
 Genovese is portrayed in the upcoming film Alto Knights by Robert De Niro.

References

Further reading

External links
The Mob Museum – Vito Genovese

1897 births
1969 deaths
20th-century American criminals
20th-century Italian criminals
American drug traffickers
American gangsters of Italian descent
American male criminals
American people convicted of drug offenses
American people who died in prison custody
Bosses of the Genovese crime family
Burials at St. John's Cemetery (Queens)
Capo dei capi
Criminals from Manhattan
Criminals from New Jersey
Gangsters from New York City
Italian crime bosses
Italian drug traffickers
Italian emigrants to the United States
Italian male criminals
Italian people convicted of drug offenses
Italian people who died in prison custody
Mafia hitmen
People from Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey
People from the Province of Naples
Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention
Prohibition-era gangsters

Vito Genovese


Gray este forma din engleza americană pentru englezescul Grey, în traducere: "gri". Se poate referi la:

Persoane

Nume

Asa Gray (1810–1888), botanist american
Louis Harold Gray (1905–1965), fizician britanic
Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828) a fost un botanist, zoolog, micolog și farmacist britanic

Prenume

 Gray Barker (1925–1984),  autor și ufolog american
 Gray Davis (n. 1942) este un politician american

Pseudonime

 Macy Gray (Natalie Renee McIntyre, n. 1967) este o cântăreață, actriță și compozitoare americană

Știință și tehnică

Gray (simbol Gy): unitatea SI de măsură a dozei de radiații ionizante
Cod Gray, cod numeric
Gray's Anatomy (Anatomia lui Gray), manual de anatomie umană scris de către Henry Gray și ilustrat de Henry Vandyke Carter

Divertisment

Jocuri video

Gray Dawn este un joc video first-person horror produs de studioul ieșean Interactive Stone în colaborare cu Carbon Incubator
Gray Matter Interactive Studios, companie dezvoltatoare de jocuri video

Vezi și

Greys

Gray (dezambiguizare)


Luigi Pelloux (La Roche-sur-Foron, Savoie 1. ožujka 1839. — Bordighera 26. listopada 1924.), bio je talijanski general i političar (povijesna desnica). Obnašao je dužnost premijera Italije od 1898. do 1900. godine.

Pelloux postaje topnički časnik 1857., i sudjelovao je kao zapovjednik u ratu kao npr. 1870. u bitki kod Porta Pie, nedaleko rimskih zidina. Poslije ugušenja nemira u Pugliji 1898., imenovan je za premijera.

Obećanja Pellouxove vlade o promjeni zakona o slobodi udruživanja, okupljanja i slobode tiska, primljena je s velikim otporom u parlamentu kada su te ideje blokirali radikali i socijalisti. Vlada je ipak uspjela provesti neke mjere, poput kraljevskog dekreta, srpnju 1900. Pelloux silazi s premijerske dužnosti pošto je izgubio izbore 1900. godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Internetske stranice talijanskog zastupničkog doma, Portale Storico

Predsjednici vlade Kraljevine Italije
Talijanski vojni zapovjednici

Luigi Pelloux


Ein Serviettenring ist ein Ring aus verschiedenen Materialien, der Servietten auf dem gedeckten Tisch zusammenhält. Er ist ursprünglich ein Accessoire der bürgerlichen europäischen Tischkultur.

Stoffservietten, die es vor der Einführung der Papierserviette gab, sollen bei mehrmaligen Gebrauch, bevor sie je nach Verschmutzung in die Wäsche gehen, dem jeweiligen Familienmitglied zugeordnet werden können. Dazu können die Servietten mit einem Monogramm individualisiert werden  oder die an sich gleichförmigen Servietten werden jeweils bei der Ablage markiert. Unterscheidbare Serviettenringe können dafür ein Hilfsmittel sein. Die Ringe halten die Servietten außerdem in Form, so dass die Servietten die Ordnung des gedeckten Tisches unterstreichen. Letzterer Zweck überwiegt heute, da im Alltag meist Papierservietten verwendet werden.

Serviettenringe kamen mit der Verfeinerung der bürgerlichen Tischsitten während der Biedermeierzeit Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts in Gebrauch. Sie können aus verschiedenen Materialien und verschieden aufwändig gefertigt sein, vom Wollfaden bis zum Sterlingsilberring, um den praktischen und den Repräsentationsbedürfnissen zu genügen. Truman Capote charakterisierte um 1948 in seinem Roman Sommerdiebe ein junges Mädchen als bourgeois as a nap kin ring, übersetzt als spießbürgerlich wie ein Serviettenring.

Serviettenringe sind auch Sammlerobjekte und Gegenstand des Antiquitätenhandels.

Literatur
 Salzstreuer und Serviettenring. Fröhliches Werken, Teil  76, Wolfenbüttel : Kallmeyer, 1990  DNB
 Arrigo Cipriani: Teller, Tisch und Tafel  : kleine Kulturgeschichte des Essens. Aus dem Ital. übers. Dagmar Türck, München  : Südwest-Verl. , 1985 ISBN 3-517-00890-7
 Norbert Elias: Über den Prozeß der Zivilisation

Weblinks

 Silberne Serviettenringe: The napkin ring site (engl.)

Einzelnachweise

Esskultur

Serviettenring


Aleochara lustrica er bjöllutegund ættuð frá mið og norður Ameríku.

Tilvísanir

Jötunuxaætt
Bjöllur

Aleochara lustrica


Tíu helstu iðnríki heims (enska: Group of Ten, eða G10) eru lönd sem árið 1962 tóku þátt í almennu lántökufyrirkomulagi Alþjóðagjaldeyrissjóðsins svo hann gæti tekið aukalán hjá seðlabönkum þeirra, til að auka við lánagetu sína. Upphaflega voru þetta átta lönd: Bandaríkin, Belgía, Bretland, Frakkland, Holland, Ítalía, Japan og Kanada; en seðlabankar Þýskalands og Svíþjóðar samþykktu að auki 6 milljarða dala dráttarréttindi.

Árið 1964 voru sjóðir Alþjóðagjaldeyrissjóðsins notaðir til að bjarga breska pundinu. Sama ár gerðist Sviss aðili að samkomulaginu. Löndin urðu þar með ellefu, en nafn hópsins breyttist ekki.

Áheyrnaraðilar að fundum Tíu helstu iðnríkja heims eru Alþjóðagreiðslubankinn, Alþjóðagjaldeyrissjóðurinn, Efnahags- og framfarastofnunin og Lúxemborg.

Efnahagssamtök
Milliríkjasamtök

Tíu helstu iðnríki heims


سافيت سوسيتش ، من مواليد 13 ابريل 1955، لاعب كرة قدم يوغسلافي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم بوسني حالي.

لعب مع منتخب يوغسلافيا لكرة القدم.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب سافيت سوسيتش خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 3 أندية في عشرون موسمًا وسجل خلالها 153 هدف ضمن 525 مباراة. حيث فاز في موسم واحد بالكأس وفي موسم واحد بالدوري.

خاض سافيت سوسيتش مسيرته مع نادي ساراييفو في موسم 1973–74 ليلعب معه عشرة مواسم، مشاركًا في 221 مباراة سجل خلالها 84 هدفًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي باريس سان جيرمان في موسم 1982–83 ليلعب معه تسعة مواسم، حيث شارك في 287 مباراة سجل خلالها 66 هدفًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي النجم الأحمر سانت أوين في موسم 1991–92 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 17 مباراة سجل خلالها 3 أهداف.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون مغتربون
البشناق في البوسنة والهرسك
أتراك من أصل بوسني
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من زافيدوفيتشي
بوسنيون مغتربون في فرنسا
رياضيون بوسنيون مغتربون في السعودية
رياضيون بوسنيون مغتربون في تركيا
رياضيون بوسنيون مغتربون في فرنسا
رياضيون يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في فرنسا
صناديق تصفح تاريخ مدربي كرة القدم التركية
قونية سبور
لاعبو الاتحاد الأوروبي لكرة القدم الذهبيون
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري اليوغوسلافي الأول
لاعبو باريس سان جيرمان
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1984
لاعبو كأس العالم 1982
لاعبو كأس العالم 1990
لاعبو كرة قدم بوسنيون مغتربون
سوسيتش
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم يوغوسلاف مغتربون
سوسيتش
لاعبو منتخب البوسنة والهرسك لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب يوغوسلافيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي النجم الأحمر
لاعبو نادي ساراييفو
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مدربو الدوري التركي الممتاز
مدربو الدوري الفرنسي
مدربو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
مدربو ألانيا سبور
مدربو أنقرة غوجو
مدربو تشايكور ريزا سبور
مدربو دوري المحترفين السعودي
مدربو عثمانلي سبور
مدربو قونية سبور
مدربو كأس العالم 2014
مدربو كرة قدم بوسنيون
مدربو كرة قدم بوسنيون مغتربون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في السعودية
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في تركيا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
مدربو منتخب البوسنة والهرسك لكرة القدم
مدربو نادي الهلال (السعودية)
مدربو نادي إيفيان
مدربو نادي بلدية آكهيسار سبور
مدربو نادي كان
مسلمون بوسنيون
مواليد 1374 هـ
مواليد 1955
يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في فرنسا

سافيت سوسيتش


NTH or Nth may refer to:

 th, position  in a sequence for an arbitrary natural number
 Nth (trigraph)
 Neath railway station, Neath Port Talbot, Wales, National Rail station code
 North
 Northamptonshire, county in England, Chapman code
 Northumberland, England
 Norwegian Institute of Technology ()
 Hokkaido Air System (ICAO: HAC), a Japanese airline

See also
 Nth Man
 The Nth Degree (disambiguation)

 Anth (disambiguation)

NTH


Bhargav Bhatt () é um matemático indiano-estadunidense, Frederick W. and Lois B. Gehring Professor na Universidade de Michigan, que trabalha com geometria aritmética e álgebra comutativa.

Formação
Graduado em matemática aplicada, summa cum laude, pela Universidade Columbia, orientado por Shou-Wu Zhang. Obteve um Ph.D. na Universidade de Princeton em 2010, orientado por Aise Johan de Jong.

Carreira
Bhatt foi professor assistente de pós-doutorado em matemática na Universidade de Michigan de 2010 a 2014 (de licença de 2012 a 2014). Bhatt foi membro do Instituto de Estudos Avançados de Princeton de 2012 a 2014. Retornou então para a Universidade de Michigan, atuando como professor associado de 2014 a 2015, Gehring Associate Professor de 2015 a 2018, professor de 2018 a 2020 e Frederick W and Lois B Gehring Professor desde 2020.

Prêmios e honrarias
Em 2015 Bhatt recebeu uma bolsa Packard de 5 anos. Bhatt recebeu o New Horizons in Mathematics Prize de 2021. Foi eleito fellow da American Mathematical Society em 2021. Recebeu o Clay Research Award de 2021.

Publicações selecionadas

Ligações externas
Página pessoal

Membros da American Mathematical Society
Geômetras aritméticos
Professores do Instituto de Estudos Avançados de Princeton
Professores da Universidade de Michigan
Matemáticos do século XXI
Alunos da Universidade Columbia
Alunos da Universidade de Princeton
Pessoas vivas

Bhargav Bhatt


(46095) Frédérickoby, denumire internațională (46095) Frederickoby, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
46095 Frédérickoby este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Vicques (Jura) de Observatorul din Vicques. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,17 ua, o excentricitate de 0,08 și o înclinație de 10,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 46001-47000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2001
Centura de asteroizi

46095 Frédérickoby


Direcția unui avion este o suprafață de comandă a zborului, amplasată de obicei în ampenaj, Ea asigură stabilitatea zborului și rotirea avionului în jurul axei de girație. La zborul orizontal axa de girație este verticală, caz în care girația determină direcția de zbor în plan orizontal (capul compas). Direcția este mobilă, articulată de derivă și comandată cu ajutorul palonierului.

Efectul direcției
Direcția este comandată cu ajutorul palonierului, acționat de pilot printr-o pereche de pedale care se mișcă în contrasens. Apăsarea pedalei din dreapta brachează direcția la dreapta și rotește avionul la dreapta, iar apăsarea pedalei din stânga brachează direcția la stânga și rotește avionul la stânga.

Direcția este utilizată în principiu pentru a roti avionul în plan orizontal, însă are un efect mic în cazul virajelor. Virajul este determinat în special de înclinarea avionului, adică de efectul eleroanelor. Totuși, pentru realizarea virajului corect este nevoie de corectarea poziției avionului după axa de girație, corecție care se obține cu ajutorul direcției.

Acționarea doar a direcției determină și un efect secundar de înclinare a avionului. Dacă direcția este bracată la dreapta, coada este împinsă la stânga, avionul se rotește la dreapta, rotirea determină creșterea vitezei aerului față de aripa din stânga și creșterea portanței sale și reducerea lor pe aripa din dreapta, ceea ce face ca avionul să se încline la dreapta. Această înclinare trebuie compensată cu eleroanele (manșa), astfel că practic întotdeauna comenzile palonierului trebuie împerecheate cu comenzile manșei.

În cazul avioanelor cu mai multe motoare cedarea (oprirea) unui motor, sau cedarea asimetrică a unor motoare duce la o tracțiune asimetrică, care generează un cuplu care are tendința de a roti avionul în jurul axei de girație. Efectul se compensează în special cu ajutorul direcției. Forțele generate de tracțiunea asimetrică sunt mari, ca urmare direcția are dimensiuni mult mai mari decât cele necesare pentru viraje sau pentru compensarea abaterilor generate de turbulențele atmosferice. Ca urmare, în zborul normal este nevoie de bracări mici pentru corecțiile curente.

Ca și alte suprafețe de comandă, asupra direcției pot acționa forțe mari, care, dacă persistă în timp (de exemplu în cazul cedării asimetrice a motoarelor) trebuie compensate, motiv pentru care ea este prevăzută cu un compensator care anulează forța din pedale în poziția neutră a palonierului.

Note

Bibliografie
 Traian Costăchescu Tehnica zborului în aviație, Editura Tehnică, București, 1979

Lectură suplimentară
  Ernst Götsch: Luftfahrzeugtechnik, Stuttgart: Motorbuchverlag, 2003,

Vezi și
 Eleron
 Profundor

Legături externe

  Aircraft Yaw Motion  (demonstrație cum funcționează direcția, la NASA)

Comenzi de zbor
en:Rudder#Aircraft rudders

Direcție (avion)


El Sitio de Stralsund fue una batalla entre el Electorado de Brandeburgo y el Reino de Suecia que tuvo lugar entre el 10 y el 11 de octubre de 1678, durante la Guerra Escanesa. Luego de dos días de bombardeo, la gravemente devastada fortaleza sueca de Stralsund se rindió ante los Brandenburgueses. El resto de la Pomerania sueca fue capturada al final de ese año; sin embargo, gran parte de la provincia, incluyendo Stralsund, fue devuelta a Suecia bajo los términos del Tratado de Saint-Germain-en-Laye y la Paz de Lund, ambos firmados en 1679.

Preludio

La Guerra Escanesa llegó la Pomerania sueca luego de la Batalla de Fehrbellin en 1675, cuando las fuerzas suecas en retirada fueron perseguidas por un ejército Brandeburgués bajo el comando del "Gran Elector" Federico Guillermo I. Stralsund era una de las dos fortalezas importantes que Suecia mantenía en Pomerania, la otra Stettin.  Luego de que el ejército de Bradeburgo capturara Stettin y Wolgast, Stralsund se vio seriamente amenazada. Además, fuerzas danesas habían desembarcado en Rügen en 1677, con la ayuda de un noble leal a su causa.

Por consiguiente, todos los edificios que se encontraban fuera de las fortificaciones fueron destruidos en 1677 para negar la posibilidad de un ataque cubierto por parte de Brandeburgo. Stralsund, en ese entonces, tenía una población de 8,500, incluidos milicias armadas y alrededor de 5,000 suecos, alemanes y finlandeses a pie y a caballo.

El asedio

Federico Guillermo I posicionó su artillería al sur del pueblo y comenzó a bombardearlo el 10 de octubre de 1678. Su intención era de obligar al comandante sueco, Otto Wilhelm von Konigsmarck a rendirse debido a la cantidad abundante de bombas incendiarias en las mansiones de los burgueses. La pequeña y recientemente creada Marina Brandeburguesa también participó del asedio.

Gran parte de la parte sur del pueblo fue destruida cuando los defensores entregaron el pueblo el 11 de octubre, específicamente 285 casas, 476 chozas y 194 unidades de vivienda de los sirvientes.

Consecuencias
Pese a los grandes esfuerzos de Federico Guillermo para ganar la lealtad de la población sueca de Pomerania, incluyendo generosos programas de ayuda para la reconstrucción de Stralsund y Stettin, la mayoría se mantuvo leal a Suecia. Luego de la caída de Stralsund, solo quedaron unas cuantas áreas controladas por los suecos en la Pomerania sueca, las cuales fueron despejadas para finales de 1678.

Stralsund fue devuelta a Suecia luego del Tratado de Saint-Germain-en-Laye en 1679, que dejó como ganancias para Brandebrugo, Kamień y Gryfino. Debido al devastador bombardeo y a otro incendio el 12 de junio de 1680, la población se vio reducida a 6,000 habitantes, con 2,000 suecos más que formaban la guarnición. Luego de que el incendio de 1680 destruyera 48 casas, 89 chozas y 82 unidades de vivienda de sirvientes, solo 205 casas, 408 chozas y 158 viviendas para sirvientes quedaban en pie.

Fuentes

Referencias

Bibliografía

Batallas de Suecia del siglo XVII
Historia de Suecia
Historia de Pomerania
Stralsund
Stralsund

Sitio de Stralsund (1678)


The mata mata, mata-mata, or matamata (Chelus fimbriata) is a freshwater turtle species found in South America, primarily in the Amazon and Orinoco basins. It is one of two extant species in the genus Chelus, the other being Chelus orinocensis.

Taxonomy
The mata mata was described for the first time by French naturalist Pierre Barrère in 1741 as a "large land turtle with spiky and ridged scales" (translation).  It was first classified as Testudo fimbriata by German naturalist Johann Gottlob Schneider in 1783. It was renamed 14 different times in two centuries, finally being renamed Chelus fimbriata in 1992. Observations of morphological differences among specimens of mata mata found distinctive differences in the populations of the Amazon and Orinoco basins. A genomic analysis of the mata mata was reported in 2020, which showed a deep split between the populations in the Amazon and Orinoco basins. The authors proposed that the Orinoco population be assigned to a new species, Chelus orinocensis, with the Amazon population retaining the Chelus fimbriatus species designation.

Anatomy and morphology

The mata mata is a large, sedentary turtle with a large, triangular, flattened head with many tubercles and flaps of skin, and a "spike" on its long and tubular snout.  Three barbels occur on the chin and four additional filamentous barbels at the upper jaw, which is neither hooked nor notched.

The mata mata's brown or black, oblong carapace can measure up to  at adult age. The full adult weight is .  The mata mata's plastron is reduced, narrowed, hingeless, shortened towards the front, and deeply notched at the rear with narrow bridges. These may be meant to allow the turtle to resemble a piece of bark, camouflaging it from possible predators. The plastron and bridges are cream to yellow or brown. The head, neck, tail, and limbs are grayish brown on adults.  The neck is longer than the vertebra under its carapace and is fringed with small skin flaps along both sides. Hatchlings show a pink to reddish tinge in the underside edge of their carapaces and plastrons that gradually disappear as they grow.

Each forefoot has five webbed claws.  Males have concave plastrons and longer, thicker tails than females.

Habitat
The mata mata inhabits slow moving, blackwater streams, stagnant pools, marshes, and swamps ranging into northern Bolivia, eastern Peru, Ecuador, eastern Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern and central Brazil.  The mata mata is strictly an aquatic species but it prefers standing in shallow water where its snout can reach the surface to breathe.

Behavior

The appearance of the mata mata's shell resembles a piece of bark, and its head resembles fallen leaves.  As it remains motionless in the water, its skin flaps enable it to blend into the surrounding vegetation until a fish comes close.  The mata mata thrusts out its head and opens its large mouth as wide as possible, creating a low-pressure vacuum that sucks the prey into its mouth, known as suction feeding.  The mata mata snaps its mouth shut, the water is slowly expelled, and the fish is swallowed whole; the mata mata cannot chew due to the way its mouth is constructed.

Reproduction
Males display for females by extending their limbs, lunging their heads toward the females with mouths agape, and moving the lateral flaps on their heads. Nesting occurs from October through December in the Upper Amazon. The 12 to 28 brittle, spherical, 35 mm-diameter eggs are deposited in a clutch.

Diet

The mata mata is carnivorous, feeding almost exclusively upon aquatic invertebrates (such as worms, mussels, crustaceans and insects) and fish. On rare occasions, it may feed on small birds, amphibians or small mammals that have entered the water. When the stomach content of 20 wild mata mata turtles was examined it consisted exclusively of small fish. The turtles predominantly feed at night in muddy water with limited visibility. However the turtle is well adapted to hunting in these conditions. The mata mata has very fine eyesight with eyes that reflect light, similar to other nocturnal reptiles. In addition, the skin flaps on the neck are also extremely sensitive and help the mata mata detect nearby movement.

Mata mata turtles use a specific method of seizing their prey. They will move the prey into shallower areas of water, surround the prey, and wave their front legs to prevent them from escaping. Once surrounded, the mata mata turtles will open their mouths and contract their pharynx, causing a rush of water that pushes the prey into their mouth.

In captivity

Mata mata turtles are readily available in the exotic pet trade and are quite expensive to obtain. Due to their unique appearance, they make interesting display animals. They also grow quite large. However, mata matas are not active hunters, so, like the alligator snapping turtle, they need less space than a large, active species.

As with all aquatic turtles, water quality is one of the keys to keeping this species successfully in captivity. Warm, acidic water is the best type used with a high tannin content that should be maintained all year round. Moderate to heavy filtration is recommended. Author David Fogel considers his captive mata mata turtles to be quite intelligent. For example, he has observed one turtle positioning itself near the spray bar of the aquarium at feeding time so that floating food is pushed beneath the water's surface where the turtle can catch it more easily.

References

Chelus
Turtles of South America
Fauna of the Amazon
Reptiles of Bolivia
Reptiles of Brazil
Reptiles of Colombia
Reptiles of Ecuador
Reptiles of French Guiana
Reptiles of Guyana
Reptiles of Peru
Reptiles of Suriname
Reptiles of Venezuela
Reptiles described in 1783
Extant Pliocene first appearances

Mata mata


Købestævne, Fredericia er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1923 med ukendt instruktør.

Handling
Filmen er tilsyneladende en sammenklipning af flere forskellige optagelser. Først Fredericias gader. Mennesker på vej til købestævnet. Biler. Interiør: Udstillingshallen. Varer udstillet, ældre mennesker omkring et bord. Mand læser op. Udrykning med brandsprøjter. Motoriseret sprøjte. Stiger og andet brandmateriel trukket af brandmændene selv. Øvelse ved høj ejendom, Axeltorv, Geddesborg? Messeområdet eksteriør. Mere ildslukningsøvelse. Messeområdet. Ældre mennesker i have ved stor bygning. Kaffebord for gamle i have. Cigarsortering. Ældre damer knipler.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1923

Kultur i Fredericia
Stumfilm fra Danmark

Købestævne, Fredericia


Die katholische Pfarrkirche St. Kunibert ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Kirchengebäude an der Gymnicher Hauptstraße in Gymnich, einem Stadtteil von Erftstadt im Rhein-Erft-Kreis (Nordrhein-Westfalen).

Geschichte und Architektur
Die Pfarrkirche wurde erstmals zum Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts urkundlich erwähnt. Der Abtei Siegburg stand seit 1255 das Kollationsrecht zu. Ein spätgotischer Vorgängerbau ist belegt.
Im Jahr 1447 erhielt die Kirche eine neue Glocke. Glockengießer war Johan Brodemann aus Köln.  Die übrigen drei Glocken, die Kunibertusglocke, die Matthias- und Servatiusglocke und die kleine Messglocke goss Martin Legros im Jahre 1755 im Auftrag der Kirchengemeinde. Patenschaften übernahmen die Freiherren Theodat von Gymnich und Clemens August von Gymnich sowie der Amtmann von Lechenich Ignatius Graf Wolff-Metternich zur Gracht

Der kreuzgratgewölbte Saal von drei Jochen mit einem vorgesetzten, von einer mächtigen Zwiebelhaube bekrönten Westturm, wurde von 1759 bis 1763 nach einem von L. Kees stammenden Entwurf errichtet. Das Backsteingebäude mit glatt verputzten Eckstreifen und Traufgesimsen ist schiefergedeckt. Der eingezogene Chor von einem Joch und 5/8 Schluss stammt in den unteren Teilen noch von dem spätgotischen Vorgängerbau. Das Backsteinmauerwerk ist von Tuffbändern durchzogen. Von 1785 bis 1786 wurden seitlich Sakristeien angebaut. Das Gebäude wurde vom Ende des 19. bis zum Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts neugotisch überformt. Dabei wurde im Chor ein Rippengewölbe eingezogen und im Schiff Maßwerkfenster eingebaut. Bei einer barockisierenden Wiederherstellung im Jahr 1953 wurde die Farbfassung des Innenraumes erneuert. Die drei Glasfenster im Chor wurden um 1882 nach Entwürfen der Spätnazarener Ernst Deger, von ihm stammt das Mittelfenster mit dem Herz-Jesu-Bild, und Franz Ittenbach angefertigt. Die Fenster wurden 1983 restauriert, Architekturteile wurden teilweise ergänzt. Der Glasmalereifries in den unteren Feldern der Fenster im Schiff zeigt den Gymnicher Ritt, eine wohl aus einer Flurprozession entstandene Bittfahrt am Himmelfahrtstag, bei der nach mündlicher Überlieferung eine durch Johann von Gymnich im Jahr 1456 im Heiligen Land erworbene Kreuzreliquie mitgeführt wird. Der Fries wurde 1953 nach einem Entwurf von F. Pauli hergestellt.

Ausstattung
 Der barocke Hochaltaraufsatz von 1703 stammt aus der ehemaligen Augustiner-Klosterkirche in Merten. Er wurde 1962 anstelle eines neugotischen Aufsatzes von 1907 aufgebaut. Dafür musste der Fußboden abgesenkt werden. Der Holzaufbau mit gewundenen Säulen und halbrund geschlossenem Altarblatt mit der Darstellung des hl. Augustinus und einer Priorin des Klosters, bittend vor der Dreifaltigkeit. Die Farbfassung wurde erneuert.
 Die Rokoko-Seitenaltäre stammen wohl, ebenso wie die Kanzel aus der abgebrochenen Kirche St. Maria ad gradus in Köln. Die Säulenaufbauten sind aus Holz, die Nischenfiguren wurden später zugefügt. Die Farbfassung wurde erneuert.
 Die Fassung der Kanzel aus Eichenholz wurde abgelaugt. Sie wurde 1718 von J. F. van Helmont signiert und ist wohl dessen früheste selbstständige Arbeit. Im Aufbau und der vollplastischen Durchbildung des Schnitzwerkes ist der Einfluss flandrischer Prunkkanzeln aus dem Umkreis des Quellinus erkennbar. Der Korb ist mit Medaillons geschmückt, die bekrönenden Voluten auf dem Schalldeckel tragen das Herz Jesu. Die Treppe und die Rückwand wurden 1968 ergänzt. Die seitlichen Engelfiguren befinden sich nicht in ihren ursprünglichen Positionen.
 Das maßwerkverzierte, achtseitige Taufbecken steht in der Turmhalle. Es wurde 1559 aus rotem Sandstein gehauen, der Sockel und der Deckel wurden erneuert.
 Das einfache Chorgestühl ist eine Arbeit aus der Zeit um 1490.
 Die Holzskulptur des hl. Kunibert wurde um 1480 in Köln geschnitzt und später neu gefasst.
 Die Bronzetür im südlichen Turmportal wurde 1968 von S. Hürten geschaffen.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio, bearbeitet von Claudia Euskirchen, Olaf Gisbertz, Ulrich Schäfer: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Nordrhein-Westfalen I Rheinland. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin/München 2005, ISBN 3-422-03093-X
 Jörg Poettgen, "700 Jahre Glockenguss in Köln" – Meister und Werkstätten zwischen 1100 und 1800, Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft,  ISBN 3-88462-206-4

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Geschichte und viele Fotos (abgerufen am 16. Mai 2012)

Gymnich
Baudenkmal in Erftstadt
Kirchengebäude in Erftstadt
Gymnich
Erbaut in den 1760er Jahren
Gymnich
Gymnich
Gymnich

St. Kunibert (Gymnich)


Shane C. Drake (n. Redding, California) es un director de videoclips estadounidense. Ha dirigido videos para bandas como Trivium, Paramore, Fall Out Boy, Panic! at the Disco, Angels & Airwaves, Flo Rida, Timbaland, Blindside, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, The Almost, Hawthorne Heights, entre otros.

Temprano en su carrera, Shane trabajaba como editor y director de fotografía para bandas como Poison the Well, Deftones, Thursday, etc. Para el año 2006, ya había dirigido más de cincuenta videos musicales y coproducido tres películas. Es dueño de la compañía de producción de Los Ángeles Red Van Pictures.

Premios
En 2006, Shane ganó Video del Año en los MTV Video Music Awards por el video «I Write Sins Not Tragedies» de Panic! at the Disco, y en 2007; fue nominado para Sencillo monstruoso por dirigir el video «The Way I Are» de Timbaland.
En 2008, él fue nominado por Mejor Dirección y Mejor Video de Pop en los MTV Video Music Awards por el video «Nine In The Afternoon» de Panic! at the Disco, como también Mejor Video de Rock por Crushcrushcrush de Paramore y la versión de «Beat It» de Fall Out Boy.
En 2009, Drake fue nominado por Mejor Video de Rock por el video «Decode» de la banda sonora de Twilight.

Videografía
A continuación se muestra la lista de videos musicales dirigidos por Shane Drake.

Referencias

Directores de videos musicales de Estados Unidos

Shane Drake


سد بوهرتمة هو سد تونسي للطاقة الكهرمائية، يقع شمال غرب مدينة فرنانة في ولاية جندوبة، على وادي الغزالة ووادي الليل.

التاريخ
شرع في إقامته عام 1972 بمساعدة من جمهورية ألمانيا الإتحادية (ألمانيا الغربية)، وافتتح عام 1976م. يبلغ ارتفاعه 44 مترا، وطاقة استيعابه 117 مليون متر مكعب وله منسوب 2500 متر مكعب/ثانية، بينما يمسح حوضه 800 هكتارا.

مقالات ذات صلة
 دراسة حول المياه لمنظمة التغذية والزراعة.

بوهرتمة
ولاية جندوبة

سد بوهرتمة


Lungafloden er en flod på nordkysten af  Guadalcanal nær Lunga Point med en biflod ved Savo Sound (som hed Sealark Sound før 2. Verdenskrig).

Kilder

Salomonøerne

Lungafloden