Zapovjedništvo za specijalne operacije (fra.: Commandement des Opérations Spéciales, COS) je zapovjedništvo koje koordinira francuske specijalne postrojbe svih triju grana Francuskih oružanih snaga (fra.: Forces armées françaises): Kopnene vojske, Francuske ratne mornarice i Francuskog ratnog zrakoplovstva. Zapovjedništvo za specijalne operacije je osnovano 24. lipnja 1992., nakon Zaljevskog rata. Uloga zapovjedništva je usmjeravati i koordinirati misije za postrojbe specijalnih snaga koje su trajno pod njegovim izravnim zapovjedništvom i odmah dostupne za djelovanje. Zapovjedništvo vodi zapovjednik u činu brigadnom generala ili kontraadmirala.

Povijest

Dva francuska komandosa su poginula pri operaciji oslobađanja talaca u napadu na teroristički kamp u Burkini Faso 10. svibnja 2019. godine. U operaciji su oslobođena dva francuska državljana te jedan južnokorejski i jedan američki državljanin koji su bili zatočeni 28 dana od strane islamskih terorista. Dva poginula pripadnika snaga za specijalne operacije Cedric de Pierrepont i Alain Bertoncello, su bili pripadnici prestižne komando postrojbe Hubert, komandosa francuskih mornaričkih specijalnih snaga. Francuski napad su podržale američke obavještajne službe.

Svrha

Zapovjedništvo za specijalne operacije (SOC) je osnovano 4. lipnja 1992. dekretom ministra obrane Pierre Joxea. Dekret od 5. siječnja 2017. koji se odnosi na zapovijedanje specijalnim operacijama navodi njegove atribute:

"Zapovjedništvo je odgovorno za planiranje, pripremu, koordinaciju i provođenje specijalnih operacija, koje su vojne operacije koje se provode izvan okvira konvencionalnih operacija, a čiji je cilj postizanje ciljeva od strateškog interesa, posebno u smislu akcija u prostoru, otvaranja bojišta operacija, dubinska intervencija na ciljevima visoke vrijednosti ili u borbi protiv terorističkih organizacija. Može mu se povjeriti obavljanje ili sudjelovanje u operacijama oslobađanja talaca izvan nacionalnog teritorija. Ono pridonosi prikupljanju obavještajnih podataka i aktivnostima iskorištavanja, osobito u neprijateljskom okruženju."

Ustroj

 Kopnena vojska
 Zapovjedništvo specijalnih kopnenih snaga (Commandement des forces spéciales Terre, COM FST)
 Satnija za zapovijedanje i komunikaciju specijalnih snaga (Compagnie de commandement et de transmissions des forces spéciales, CCTFS)
 1. padobranska pukovnija mornaričkog pješaštva (1er Régiment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine, 1er RPIMa)
 13. padobranska dragunska pukovnija (13e Régiment de Dragons Parachutistes, 13e RDP)
 4. helikopterska pukovnija specijalnih snaga (4e Régiment d'Hélicoptères des Forces Spéciales, 4e RHFS)

 Ratna mornarica
 Mornaričke snage mornaričkih fuzilijera i komandosa (Force maritime des fusiliers marins et commandos, FORFUSCO)
 Mornarički komandosi (Commandos Marine)
 Komando postrojba Hubert (Commando Hubert)
 Komando postrojba de Penfentenyo (Commando de Penfentenyo)
 Komando postrojba Jaubert  (Commando Jaubert)
 Komando postrojba de Montfort (Commando de Montfort)
 Komando postrojba Trépel (Commando Trépel)
 Komando postrojba Kieffer (Commando Kieffer)
 Komando postrojba Ponchardier (Commando Ponchardier)

 Ratno zrakoplovstvo
 Zračna brigada sigurnosnih i interventnih snaga (Brigade aérienne des forces de sécurité et d'intervention, BAFSI)
 Zrakoplovni komando padobranci br. 10 (Commando parachutiste de l'air n ° 10, CPA 10)
 Eskadron za transport 3/61 (Escadron de transport 3/61 Poitou)
 Eskadrila za specijalne helikoptere (Escadrille spécialisée hélicoptères 1/67 Pyrénées, ESH'')

Zapovjednici

Poveznice
 Snage za specijalne operacije (Rusija)
 Zapovjedništvo za specijalne operacije (SAD)
 Zapovjedništvo specijalnih snaga OSRH

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Francuska
Specijalne snage

Zapovjedništvo za specijalne operacije (Francuska)


Sarah Elisabeth Mullally, (née Bowser; le ) est une évêque anglicane britannique. Elle est évêque de Londres depuis 2018 et membre de la chambre des Lords. De 1999 à 2004, elle est infirmière en chef de l'Angleterre et directrice de l'expérience patient du National Health Service pour l'Angleterre ; de juillet 2015 à 2018, elle est évêque de Crediton, évêque suffragant du diocèse d'Exeter.

Jeunesse et éducation
Née Sarah Elisabeth Bowser le 26 mars 1962, elle est la plus jeune de deux filles. Elle fait ses études à la Winston Churchill Comprehensive School, à Woking, dans le Surrey, et au Woking Sixth Form College. Pendant ses études de niveau A, elle décide de devenir infirmière plutôt que médecin car elle souhaite appliquer une approche holistique aux soins aux patients. Son choix de carrière est également motivé par sa foi chrétienne, qu'elle a depuis l'âge de 16 ans .

En 1980, elle commence un diplôme d'infirmière à l'école polytechnique de South Bank  avec des stages cliniques à l'hôpital St Thomas, et obtient le statut conjoint d'infirmière générale autorisée (RGN) et un baccalauréat ès sciences (BSc) en 1984. En 1992, elle obtient une maîtrise ès sciences (MSc) en études interprofessionnelles sur la santé et le bien-être à l'Université de South Bank de Londres .

Carrière infirmière
Mullally occupe des postes d'infirmière clinique à l'hôpital St Thomas et au Royal Marsden Hospital (où elle termine leur cours d'infirmière spécialisée). Elle occupe un certain nombre de postes de direction en soins infirmiers, d'abord à l'ancien hôpital de Westminster (où elle est sœur de salle et chef du développement de la pratique), puis en tant que directrice des soins infirmiers à Chelsea et Westminster, devenant plus tard adjointe et directrice générale par intérim. En 1999, elle est nommée infirmière en chef et directrice de l'expérience patient pour l'Angleterre. Elle est la plus jeune personne à occuper ces postes. Elle est directrice non exécutive de l'English Board of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting .

Mullally est gouverneure indépendante de l'Université de South Bank de Londres entre 2005 et 2015, où elle est vice-présidente du conseil des gouverneurs et présidente du comité des politiques et des ressources . Elle est directrice non exécutive du Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust de 2005 à 2012  et occupe un poste non exécutif à la Salisbury NHS Foundation entre 2012 et 2016. Mullally devient membre laïc du Conseil du King's College de Londres en 2016 .

Ministère dans l'Église d'Angleterre

Formation et ministère pastoral
De 1998 à 2001, Sarah Mullally suit une formation à l'Institut d'éducation théologique du Sud-Est (aujourd'hui St Augustine's College of Theology) tout en faisant des études de théologie à l'université du Kent. Elle obtient son diplôme en théologie (DipTh) en 2001 et elle est ordonnée comme diacre de l'Église d'Angleterre le 30 septembre 2001, à la cathédrale de Southwark, puis est ordonnée pasteure le 5 octobre 2002, à l'église Holy Trinity de Clapham par l'évêque de Southwark, Tom Butler. De 2001 à 2004, elle est pasteur à temps partiel de la paroisse de Battersea Park, puis, en 2004, Mullally démissionne de ses fonctions d'infirmière et devient pasteure à temps plein.

Elle est ensuite vicaire adjointe à l'église St Saviour de Battersea Fields de 2004 à 2006. Elle obtient un master en théologie pastorale au Heythrop College de l'université de Londres en 2006. En 2006, elle devient recteur de l'église St Nicholas de Sutton, à Londres. Elle enseigne également l'éthique dans le diocèse de Southwark, participe à un programme de leadership du clergé anglican et siège à la commission des diocèses de l'Église d'Angleterre. De 2012 à 2015, elle est chanoine trésorière de la Cathédrale de Salisbury.

Ministère épiscopal
En juin 2015, elle est nommée évêque de Crediton, un évêque suffragant du diocèse d'Exeter . Le 22 juillet 2015, elle est consacrée évêque par Justin Welby, l'archevêque de Cantorbéry, lors d'une cérémonie à la Cathédrale de Canterbury . Elle et Rachel Treweek sont les premières femmes à être ordonnées évêques dans la cathédrale de Canterbury . En septembre 2015, elle est la première femme de l'Église d'Angleterre à diriger un service d'ordination, ordonnant deux diacres, Leisa McGovern et Sheila Walker, comme prêtres à l'église St Mary, Ottery St Mary, Devon .

Le 18 décembre 2017, elle est nommée évêque de Londres, succédant à Richard Chartres qui a pris sa retraite en février 2017 . En tant qu'évêque de Londres, elle est le troisième évêque le plus ancien de l'Église d'Angleterre, après les archevêques de Canterbury et d'York . Entre sa confirmation et son installation, elle est autorisée comme évêque assistante honoraire dans le diocèse d'Exeter, de sorte qu'elle peut mener à bien des engagements liés à son ancien siège . Elle est élue au siège par le Collège des chanoines de la cathédrale Saint-Paul le 25 janvier 2018, devenant évêque élu. Elle prend possession du siège lors de la confirmation de son élection - le 8 mars à St Mary-le-Bow - et assume toutes ses fonctions lors de son installation à St Paul's le 12 mai. Le 15 juillet 2020, elle est consécratrice principale lors de la consécration de Hugh Nelson et Ruth Bushyager à l'épiscopat : il s'agit d'une rupture dans la tradition, l'archevêque de Cantorbéry assumant généralement ce rôle, et c'est la première fois qu'une femme évêque dirige un service de consécration dans l'Église d'Angleterre.

Mullally est admise au Conseil privé du Royaume-Uni le 14 mars 2018 . Elle siège en tant que Lord Spiritual à la Chambre des lords  le 24 mai 2018 . Elle succède à Lord Chartres et devient la première femme doyenne de la Chapelle Royale le 12 juillet 2019.

Positions en faveur du ministère des femmes dans l'Église d'Angleterre
Mullally est une féministe autoproclamée et ordonne des hommes et des femmes à la prêtrise . Selon le Financial Times, Mullally « est considéré comme une libérale théologique ». Cependant, elle soutient également l'inclusion dans l'Église d'Angleterre de ceux qui rejettent l'ordination des femmes, déclarant lors de son annonce en tant que futur évêque de Londres; "Je suis très respectueux de ceux qui, pour des raisons théologiques, ne peuvent accepter mon rôle de prêtre ou d'évêque. Ma conviction est que la diversité de l'Église à travers Londres devrait s'épanouir et grandir ; tout le monde devrait pouvoir trouver un foyer spirituel." .

Mullally soutient l'enseignement actuel de l'Église d'Angleterre sur le mariage; c'est entre un homme et une femme pour la vie. En septembre 2016, elle est l'un des dix évêques à constituer le « groupe de réflexion des évêques sur la sexualité » de l'église . En ce qui concerne les relations homosexuelles, elle déclare en 2017 que . Interrogée sur les personnes LGBT dans l'église, elle ajoute que

Vie privée
En 1987, elle épouse Eamonn Mullally. Le couple a deux enfants.

À la suite de sa nomination comme évêque de Londres, Mullally emménage dans l'ancien doyenné de St Paul. Mullally déclare avoir effectué un certain nombre de modifications à la propriété, notamment la construction d'un oratoire dans une ancienne buanderie dans laquelle elle prie le chapelet et d'autres dévotions mariales et préside les adorations eucharistiques hebdomadaires.

Mullally a reçu un certain nombre de distinctions académiques. Elle est nommée membre de l'Université de South Bank de Londres en 2001  et membre de l'Université Canterbury Christ Church en 2006 . Elle a reçu des doctorats honorifiques de l'Université de Bournemouth (2004), de l'Université de Wolverhampton (2004) et de l'Université du Hertfordshire (2005) .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Prêtre anglican du XXe siècle
Prêtre anglican du XXIe siècle
Évêque anglican du XXIe siècle
Femme évêque du XXIe siècle
Évêque de Londres
Évêque de Crediton
Femme féministe britannique
Membre du Conseil privé du Royaume-Uni
Dame commandeur de l'ordre de l'Empire britannique
Doyen de la Chapelle royale
Naissance en mars 1962

Sarah Mullally


Orduspor, 1967 yılında Ordu'da Ali Ataoğlu tarafından kurulan spor kulübüdür. Mor ve beyaz renkleri benimseyen kulüp bir dönem Süper Lig'de bulunan futbol takımı ile tanınmaktadır. Kulüp, Ordu 1. Amatör Lig'de mücadele etmektedir.

Futbol a takımı haricinde dönem dönem kadın basketbol, tekvando, judo, voleybol, kadın futbol takımı gibi spor dallarında da faaliyet göstermiştir.

Tarihçe
Orduspor 1978-79 sezonunda Türkiye 1. Futbol Ligi'ni 4. sırada bitirerek UEFA Kupası'na katılmaya hak kazanmıştır. Birinci turda o dönemin Avrupa'da en çok ses getiren takımlarından Baník Ostrava ile eşleşen Orduspor, ilk maçı Ordu'da 2-0 kazanma başarısı göstermiştir. Ancak deplasmanda 6-0 gibi farklı bir skorla mağlup olarak UEFA Kupası'na veda etmiştir.

2010-11 1. Lig'de Play-off şampiyonu olarak Süper Lig'e yükselmiştir. Kulüp 2011-12 Süper Lig'i 42 puanla 14. sırada noktalamıştır. Kulüp 2012-13 Süper Lig'de de yer almıştır. Ancak istikrarsız bir performans sergileyip lig bitimine 2 hafta kala sahasında Bursaspor'a 4-2 mağlup olmuş ve Mersin İdman Yurdu'nun ardından Süper Lig'den düşen ikinci takım olmuştur. 2013-14 sezonunda son haftalara dek yükselme mücadelesini sürdüren ekip, 1. Ligi 3. sırada tamamlamış ancak Play-Off'ta Mersin'e yenilerek yeni bir Süper Lig macerasına atılamamıştır.  Takip eden sezonlarda maddi sıkıntıları aşamayarak önce 2. Lig'e, 2015-16 sezonu sonunda da 3. Lig'e düştü. 2016-17 sezonuna ise geçmiş borçlarından dolayı -9 puan ile başladı. 2016-17 sezonu sonunda küme düşen Orduspor, 2017-18 sezonuna Bölgesel Amatör Lig'de -12 puan ile başladı.

Orduspor, 2018-19 sezonunda Ordu 1. Amatör Ligi B Grubu'nu 2. sırada tamamlayarak küme yükselmek için play-off oynasa da elenmiştir. 2019-20 sezonunda futbol şubesini kapatma kararı alınmış, tüm operasyonları 1. Amatör Ligde mücadele eden Yenimahalle 52 SK'ya kaydırılarak bu kulübün adı da Orduspor 1967 FİSK olarak değiştirilmiştir.

Orduspor 24 Mart 2023 tarihinde Ordu Valisi Tuncay Sonel 'in destekleriyle UEFA ve eski futbolcularla olan sorunlar çözülmüş, deprem bölgesinden transfer edilen futbolculara lisans çıkarılmıştır. 25 Mart 2023 itibari ile Ordu 2. Amatör Ligden liglere tekrar katılım sağlamıştır ve ilk maçında Altınordu 2 Numaralı Saha'da Ordu İdman Yurdu'nu 3-0 mağlup etmiştir. Lige katıldığı ilk sezonda şampiyonluk yaşayarak 1. Amatör Lige yükselmiştir.

Orduspor 1979-80 sezonunda, o zamanki adı UEFA Kupası olan Avrupa'nın kulüpler düzeyinde ikinci büyük kupasında mücadele etmiştir.

*Tabloda ikinci maç koyu yazılmıştır.

Oyuncu Kadrosu
7 Ekim 2023 itibarıyla

  Ahmet Yasin Tekin
 Batuhan Armağan Güldü
 Caner Güler
 Emre Cinci
 Fuat Can Çelebi
 Gökdeniz Kuzu
 İsa Keklikçi
 Mehmet Berberoğlu
 Mehmet Cem Kısa
 Mehmet Cuma Yıldız
 Mert Can Cebeci
 Muhammed Çelik
 Mustafa Arslan
 Mustafa Kısa
 Mustafa Şıh
 Mustafa Yılmaz
 Oğuzhan Aydın
 Zeyneddin Ceylan

Teknik direktörler
 İsfendiyar Açıksöz (1967-68)
 Lefter Küçükandonyadis (1972-73)
 Kadri Aytaç (1974-75)
 Bülent Eken (1975-76)
 Gürsel Aksel (1976-77)
 Fevzi Zemzem (1978-81)
 Candan Dumanlı (1981-82)
 Necip Cemal Gökalp (1982-83)
 Enver Katip (1994-95)
 Necip Cemal Gökalp (1996-97)
 Hıdır Akbaş (2004)
 Yücel İldiz (Ekim 2005-Haziran 2007
 Suat Kaya (2007)
 İsmail Kartal (Ocak 2008-Haziran 2008)
 Hakkı Bayrak (2008)
 Yücel İldiz (Ekim 2008-Temmuz 2009)
 Osman Özdemir (Temmuz 2009-Ekim 2009)
 Ekrem Al (Ekim 2009-Haziran 2010)
 Ahmet Akcan (Ocak 2010-Mayıs 2010)
 Uğur Tütüneker (Ağustos 2010-Mart 2011)
 Metin Diyadin (Mart 2011-Aralık 2011)
 Sebahattin Albayrak (geçici) (Aralık 2011)
 Héctor Cúper (Aralık 2011-Nisan 2013)
 Cevat Güler (Nisan 2013-2013)
 Fikret Yılmaz (2014)
 Ziya Doğan (Ekim 2014-2015)
 Sinan Bayraktar (2015-2015)
 Ali Şahin (2015-2016)
 Yalçın Gürsoy (2016-2017)
 Mahmut Nambaş (2018)
 Emir Altun (Mart 2023-Ekim 2023)
 Tanju Durhan (Ekim 2023 -)

Kardeş takımlar
Kulüp İtalya'dan Fiorentina, Türkiye'den ise Samsunspor, Adana Demirspor, Karşıyaka, MKE Ankaragücü ile kardeş takımdır.

Lig mücadeleleri
 Süper Lig: 11 Sezon
1975-1981, 1983-1986, 2011-2013
 1. Lig: 31 Sezon
1967-1975, 1981-1983, 1986-1996, 1997-2000, 2005-2011, 2013-2015
 2. Lig: 4 Sezon
2002-2005, 2015-2016
 3. Lig: 4 Sezon
1996-1997, 2000-2002, 2016-2017
 Bölgesel Amatör Lig: 1 Sezon
2017-2018
 Amatör Lig: 3 Sezon
2018-19, 2022-

Başarıları
 1. Lig:
Şampiyonluk (2) : 1974-75, 1982-83
 2. Lig:
Şampiyonluk (1) : 2004-05
 Ordu 1.Amatör Ligi:
Play-Off Şampiyonluk (1) : 2018-19
 Ordu 2.Amatör Ligi:
Şampiyonluk (1) : 2022-23 (Namağlup)

Sezonlara göre performans

*2015-2016 ve 2016-2017 sezonunda dokuzar puan silme cezası verildi. 2017-18 sezonunda 12 puan silme cezası verildi. 2018-19 sezonunda 6 puan silme cezası verildi.

*Kademe-Klasman grubu olan sezonlar birleştirilerek yazılmıştır.

*Play Off maç sonuçlarıda dahildir sezona

*2001 den önce şu anki 1. Lig, 2. Lig ismiyle oynanıyordu.

Oyuncu istatistikleri

Taraftar grupları
Fidangör, 2005 yılında Orduspor taraftarları tarafından kurulan, adını Ordu'nun en işlek caddesi olan Fidangör'den alan taraftar grubudur. Fidangör ismi, Ordu'nun Beyoğlu'su diye, diğer illerden gelenler tarafından yakıştırılmış, resmiyette Sırrı Paşa ve İsmet Paşa caddeleri olarak geçen caddelere verilen isimdir. Fidangör'ün Üniversiteli Ordusporlular, Liseli Ordusporlular, Fatsa Fidangör, soL serbest, Sinyal Tayfa, Bahçelievler, Yenimahalle ve İstanbul Fidangör adında alt grupları bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1967'de kurulan spor kulüpleri

Orduspor


Okemos ist eine Unincorporated Community im Meridian Charter Township im US-Bundesstaat Michigan. Sie befindet sich im Ingham County nahe der Hauptstadt Lansing. Das U.S. Census Bureau hat bei der Volkszählung 2020 eine Einwohnerzahl von 25.121 ermittelt. Gleichzeitig ist es für statistische Zwecke ein Census-designated place (CDP).

Geografie

Geografische Lage
Okemos liegt im Norden des Ingham Countys. Der Red Cedar River fließt in westliche Richtung durch das Gebiet. Er mündet bei Lansing in den Grand River. Es gibt nur wenige kleinere Seen auf dem Gebiet. Die Oberfläche ist eben, ohne nennenswerte Erhebungen.

Nachbargemeinden
 Norden: Haslett (CDP)
 Osten: Williamstown Township
 Süden: Alaiedon Township
 Westen: East Lansing

Stadtgliederung
Da Okemos keine eigene Verwaltung hat, wird es durch die Verwaltung des Meridian Charter Townships mitverwaltet.

Klima
Die mittlere Durchschnittstemperatur in Okemos liegt zwischen −6,1 °C (21 °F) im Januar und 20,6 °C (69 °F) im Juli. Damit ist der Ort gegenüber dem langjährigen Mittel der USA um etwa 9 Grad kühler. Die Schneefälle zwischen Oktober und Mai liegen mit bis zu zweieinhalb Metern mehr als doppelt so hoch wie die mittlere Schneehöhe in den USA; die tägliche Sonnenscheindauer liegt am unteren Rand des Wertespektrums der USA.

Geschichte
Die Besiedlung des Gebietes begann 1833. Am 13. Mai des Jahres siedelte sich als erster weißer Siedler Sanford Marsh an. Zunächst wurde die Siedlung durch Freeman Bray, ab 1840 Hamilton genannt. Die Namensgebung sollte den Präsidenten Alexander Hamilton ehren.  Vermessen wurde das Gebiet vermutlich 1841, jedoch erst am 29. Mai 1851 offiziell registriert. Bray gründete Hamilton als Handelsposten zu den Ojibwa. Gehandelt wurde mit Pelzen und Fellen sowie im Gegenzug Kaliko, Blei, Schmuck, Besteck und Alkohol. Das Meridian Charter Township wurde 1842 vom Gesetzgeber organisiert. Ein Sägewerk entstand 1842, ein erster Gemischtwarenladen 1853, ein Staudamm zur Wasserregulierung ermöglichte weitere Sägewerke. Eine Schrotmühle kam 1856 hinzu. Diese ersten Werke brannten jedoch alle 1864 bzw. 1865 ab. 1859 wurde der Name von Hamilton in Okemos geändert, in Erinnerung an den indianischen Häuptling John Okemos der Saginaw Chippewa in der Ojibwa-Nation, einem mächtigen Häuptling, der mit den Siedlern der Region Handel trieb. Er starb 1858. Im Jahr 1871 bekam Okemos einen Bahnhof und wurde mit der Michigan Central Railroad verknüpft, auf der Strecke, die Lansing mit Detroit verband.

Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten

Bauwerke
In Okemos befindet sich das Goetsch-Winckler House, das 1940 von Frank Lloyd Wright erbaut wurde und seit 1995 im National Register of Historic Places geführt wird.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Von 1969 bis 1994 war Kelmark Engineering, ein Hersteller von Kit Cars, in Okemos ansässig.

In Okemos befindet sich die 1969 eröffnete Meridian Mall, ein Einkaufszentrum mit etwa 125 Geschäften, einem Food Court sowie einem Kino an der Peripherie. Die Ankergeschäfte des Einkaufszentrums sind J. C. Penney, Macy's und Dick's Sporting Goods.

Verkehr
Durch Okemos verläuft die M-43, ein Michigan-Highway, der zum Michigan State Trunkline Highway gehört.

Öffentliche Einrichtungen
In Okemos gibt es mehrere medizinische Einrichtungen.

Eine Filiale der Capital Area District Libraries befindet sich in Okemos.

Bildung
Zum Okemos Public School District gehören vier Grundschulen, darunter eine Montessori-Schule, die Kinawa School für die Klassen 5 und 6, die Chippewa School für die Klassen 7 und 8 sowie die Okemos High School für die Klassen 9 bis 12.

Okemos grenzt im Westen an den Campus der Michigan State University.

Persönlichkeiten

Söhne und Töchter der Stadt
 Susan Jacoby (* 1945), Autorin
 Evan Roth (* 1978), Künstler
 Andrew Robl (* 1986), Pokerspieler

Persönlichkeiten, die vor Ort gewirkt haben
 Madison Hubbell (* 1991), Eistänzerin

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Michigan
Ort in Nordamerika

Okemos


Türkiye Ticaret Sicili Gazetesi, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nun 35'inci maddesi (önceden 6762 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanununun 37'inci maddesi) ve 18 Mayıs 2004 tarihli 5174 sayılı Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği ile Odalar ve Borsalar Kanununun 56/m maddesine dayanılarak Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği (TOBB) tarafından tatil günleri dışında her gün Ankara'da çıkarılır.

Sahibi Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği adına Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği başkanıdır.

Gazetenin idaresi, gazetenin çıkarılmasına ilişkin esasları tespit, yayım işlerini sevk ve idare etmekle görevli Komitenin çalışma usul ve esasları, gelir ve giderleri, arşivlenmesi, dağıtımı ve denetimi ile ilanların yayımlanmasına ilişkin usul ve esaslar, 09.08.2004 tarihli Resmî Gazete'de yayımlanmış bulunan "Türkiye Ticaret Sicili Gazetesi Yönetmeliği" ile düzenlenmiştir.

Türkiye Ticaret Sicili Gazetesi Müdürlüğü
Türkiye Ticaret Müdürlüğü, TOBB Bilgi Hizmetleri Dairesi Başkanlığı bünyesinde toplam 25 personel ile faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. 2018 yılında ticaret ve sanayi odaları ile ticaret odaları bünyesinde faaliyet gösteren 238 adet ticaret sicili müdürlüğünden, mahkemeler ve ilgili resmi makamlardan Gazetede yayınlanmak üzere ayda ortalama 57.609 adet, günde ortalama 2.754 adet olmak üzere toplam 691.309 adet ilan gönderilmiştir. Müdürlüğe 2018 yılı içerisinde intikal eden ilanlar, günlük ortalama 978 sayfa ve toplam 245.376 sayfa basılmak suretiyle Türkiye Ticaret Sicili Gazetesi'nde yayınlanmıştır.

Hizmet alıcılar tarafından Gazetede yayımlanan ilanlar, tescil, yayım işlemleri ve mevzuat ile ilgili sorulara ilişkin yıllık ortalama 50.000 adet telefon destek hizmeti verilmiş ve ayrıca Müdürlüğün elektronik posta adresine gönderilen 2.893 elektronik postaya aynı gün içerisinde cevap verilmiştir.

İlan ücretleri
Türkiye Ticaret Sicili Gazetesi Yönetmeliği'nin 7 nci maddesinin 2 nci fıkrası gereğince, "Gazetenin satış bedeli ile gazetede yayımlanacak ilan ücretleri, Komitenin teklifi ve Bakanlığın onayı ile yürürlüğe girecek bir tarife ile belirlenir. Tarifede yapılacak değişiklikler, tarifenin gazetede yayımlandığı tarihten 10 gün sonra yürürlüğe girer".

Yürürlük tarihi 04.01.2021 olan ilan tarifesi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Türkiye Ticaret Sicili Gazetesi
 Ticaret Sicili Web Sayfası

Türkiye gazeteleri
Türkçe gazeteler

Türkiye Ticaret Sicili Gazetesi


Mezarlık, kabristan ya da gömütlük, ölülerin defnedildiği mezarların oluşturduğu gömü alanına verilen isimdir.

Mezarlıklar eski çağlarda evler ve ibadethanelerle iç içe olmalarına karşın, Orta Çağ'da büyük veba ve kolera salgınlarının nedenlerinden biri olarak görülmüş ve bu tarihlerden sonra oluşturulan gömü alanlarının yerleşim merkezleri dışında oluşturulmasına özen gösterilmiştir.

Bu salgınlardan sonra sağlık endişesiyle Paris'in yeraltı katakomblarından ve kilise avlularından çıkarılan ölülerle oluşturulan ve günümüze de ulaşmış olan Paris'in ünlü Père Lachaise Mezarlığı, Dünya'nın en meşhur mezarlıklarından birisidir.

Türkiye'de de İstanbul'da bulunan Karacaahmet Mezarlığı, Dünya'nın sayılı büyük mezarlıklarından birisidir ve yerleşim merkezi dışında tepelik bir alanda kurulmasına rağmen şehrin büyümesiyle yerleşim merkezinin ortasına sıkışıp kalmıştır.

Mezarlıklarda ölünün yakınlarının mezarlarına bakması, mezarı çiçeklerle süslemesi ve başucuna bir mezar taşı dikmesi gibi kültürden kültüre değişen ve yasla beraber ölüyü unutmamayı da simgeleyen âdetler vardır.

Peyzaj mimarlığı

Mezarlık


RFA Fort Austin is a retired British Fort Rosalie-class dry stores ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary.

Fort Austin was laid down at Scott Lithgow in 1975, launched in 1978 and commissioned in 1979. These ships were designed to carry a wide range of dry stores to support fleet task forces; ammunition, food, explosives. They have extensive aviation facilities, with two flight decks, one to the stern and one spot on top of the hangar, up to four Sea Kings can be stored in the large hangar.  These ships also have the capability to replenish ships at sea, via six RAS points.

Operational history

Falklands War 1982
When the Falklands War began, the ship was deployed in the western Mediterranean for the annual Spring Train exercise, and received orders to head south, taking part in the landings at San Carlos Water as a stores and ammunition ship. When the order to head south was given, several warships had the WE.177A nuclear weapon deployed aboard. Amongst these were the Type 22 frigates  and  and the aircraft carriers  and . Some newspaper reports also named RFA Fort Austin. The Ministry of Defence explored various options to transfer these nuclear weapons from the frigates to the safety of the deep magazines aboard Fort Austin, Hermes and Invincible. An MoD publication describes a complex series of manoeuvres to avoid the presence of these nuclear warheads in areas that would break the UK obligation to the Treaty of Tlatelolco, often referred to as the Latin-America Nuclear Free Zone. In no circumstances could ships carrying nuclear weapons enter territorial waters around the Falkland Islands. After the conflict ended, weapons were transferred at sea to the two RFAs Fort Austin and Resource for transport back to the UK.

2000s
In 2000, the ship supported the British military intervention in the Sierra Leone Civil War.

Beginning in September 2007, the ship underwent a major refit and modernization at the A&P Tyne shipyard in Hebburn, Tyne and Wear.

In July 2009, RFA Fort Austin was decommissioned and placed in reserve at Portsmouth Naval Base. Following the Strategic Defence and Security Review of October 2010 it was decided to reactivate her at the expense of the larger RFA Fort George, which would be decommissioned.

2010s
On 27 May 2011 Fort Austin left Portsmouth under tow by the Belgian tug Union Wrestler and tug Svitzer Pembroke for a £40m refit at Cammell Laird in Birkenhead. This refit was intended to keep her in service until 2021. Later that year it was announced that her service life would be extended until 2023; the Fort class will ultimately be replaced by the Fleet Solid Support element of the Military Afloat Reach and Sustainability programme.

She left Birkenhead on 5 September 2012, arriving three days later at DM Crombie in the Firth of Forth. She arrived back in Plymouth at the end of 2012 and spent early 2013 exercising in home waters.

Fort Austin formed part of the COUGAR 13 task group, providing stores, fuel, water, and ammunition Fort Austin is also participating in the 2014 IMCMEX.

In 2015, Fort Austin was again laid up, this time in Birkenhead. Despite concerns she would be decommissioned she entered Cammell Laird for refit in 2017 and it was confirmed her planned out of service date had been revised to 2024. During the course of the refit, on 15 August 2017, Fort Austin suffered a fire on the upper deck. Her 60 crew were evacuated. The damage was not considered to be serious.

2020s
In June 2020, Fort Austin was reported to be in extended readiness (reserve) with replenishment rigs not compatible with the s. The defence white paper of 2021 announced that Fort Austin, along with Fort Rosalie, was to be decommissioned, with successors from the Fleet Solid Support plan set to replace the ships.

On 31 March 2021, the ship was withdrawn from service, and placed up for sale (recycling) on 21 May 2021, however, the notice for recycling was then withdrawn and the ship was sold to Egypt together with her sister ship, Fort Rosalie. While awaiting refit, it was reported that Fort Austin would be renamed ENS Luxor.

Notes and references

External links

 RFA Fort Austin - Royal Navy official website
 Timeline at www.historicalrfa.org

1978 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde
Fort Rosalie-class replenishment ships
Cold War auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom
Auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom
Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in 2017

RFA Fort Austin


An Uncinia macrophylla in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel. An Uncinia macrophylla in nahilalakip ha genus nga Uncinia, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Uncinia

Uncinia macrophylla


An Tainia vegetissima in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley. An Tainia vegetissima in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tainia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tainia

Tainia vegetissima


An Dracula dens-canis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni N.Peláez. An Dracula dens-canis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dracula, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dracula

Dracula dens-canis


Ehl-i Salip, Kudüs'ü Müslümanlar'ın elinden alarak onların kuvvet ve saltanatlarına son vermeyi amaçlayan, bunun için de bir kısım Avrupa hükümdarlarıyla derebeylerinin komutaları altında toplanarak zaman zaman İslam ülkelerine hücum etmiş olan mutaassıp Hristiyan topluluklarına verilen unvandır.

Bunların hücumları tarihte Haçlı Seferleri olarak adlandırılmıştır. Haçlı seferleri Osmanlı'dan 209 yıl öncesine kadar 8 kez tekrarlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

Haçlı Seferleri

Ehl-i Salip


Alman otomobil üreticisi Porsche tarafından 60'lı yıllarda üretilmiş yarış otomobili.

904
1964'te tanıtılan otomobiller

Porsche 904


Skuli Thorfinnsson (943 - 980) fue un caudillo vikingo de las Orcadas, hijo de Thorfinn Hausakljúfr y Grelod. Se dejó seducir por el mormaer de Moray, posiblemente Macbeth de Escocia, para fortalecer una alianza con el reino de Alba a cambio de someterse a la corona y recibir a cambio el título de jarl de Caithness y las Orcadas. Su hermano Ljot Thorfinnsson le combatíó en batalla en Caithness, Escocia y lo mató, aunque el triunfo no lo pudo disfrutar mucho tiempo pues también murió poco más tarde como resultado de las heridas recibidas en el campo de batalla contra Macbeth de Escocia.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Jean Renaud, La Saga des Orcadiens, tr. par Jean Renaud, éd. Aubier, Paris, (1990) ISBN 2700716426

Historia medieval de Escocia
Vikingos de las Islas Órcadas
Saga Orkneyinga

Skuli Thorfinnsson


Kohei Higa (født 30. april 1990) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Kashiwa Reysol, Blaublitz Akita og Montedio Yamagata.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kohei Higa


Lake Nipissing (; , ) is a lake in the Canadian province of Ontario. It has a surface area of , a mean elevation of  above sea level, and is located between the Ottawa River and Georgian Bay. Lake Nipissing is the third-largest lake entirely in Ontario. It is relatively shallow for a large lake, with an average depth of only . The shallowness of the lake makes for many sandbars along the lake's irregular shoreline. The lake reaches a maximum depth of 64 m (210 ft) near the mouth of the French River, off the shore of Blueberry Island. The lake has many islands most of which are protected under the Protection of Significant Wetlands scheme, controlled by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.

The largest population centre on the lake's shoreline is the city of North Bay. North Bay sits along the lake's northeastern shoreline. Other notable towns include Callander (south of North Bay along Highway 11). The larger towns toward the western end of the lake are Sturgeon Falls, Garden Village, Cache Bay and Lavigne.

Etymology
The lake's name comes from the Ojibwe language word  nibiinsing which means "at little water" The name of the lake in the Ojibwe language of the surrounding indigenous communities (Dokis and Nipissing First Nations) is Gichi-nibiinsing-zaaga'igan, meaning "Big little-water lake". The name "Nipissing" was also given to many places in the area, notably the Township of Nipissing, Nipissing District, and Nipissing University.

Geography and history

Lake Nipissing drains into Georgian Bay, which is a part of Lake Huron, via the French River. Lake Nipissing lies about  northwest of Algonquin Provincial Park. The French fur trader Étienne Brûlé was the first European to visit the lake in 1610. Jean Nicolet, another French trader and explorer had a "cabin and trading-house" for eight or nine years living among the Indigenous people on the shores of Lake Nipissing until 1633 when he was recalled to Quebec to become Commissary and Indian Interpreter for the "Company of the Hundred Associates." In a map dated 1776, the lake is still referred to with its French name "Lac des Sorcières".

During the American Revolutionary War, Lake Nipissing was proposed as the boundary in the instructions of the Continental Congress to John Adams, the Commissioner appointed to negotiate a treaty of peace with Great Britain.

The first permanent European settlement on the lake dates from around 1874 with a trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company on the northwest corner in what is now Sturgeon Falls. In 1882 the North-West Mounted Police established their presence on the north east shore.

The lake contains over 40 different species of fish. Numerous sport fishing lodges dot the main shoreline and can also be found on several of Nipissing's many islands. Most anglers target walleye, smallmouth bass, muskie, and northern pike. For various reasons, largely social, numerous stocking associations are engaged in attempts to manage the lake's walleye population.

In the days of fur trade, coureur des bois and later voyageurs travelled through the lake by canoe via the Mattawa and French rivers. When the fur trade started to decline in the 1880s, logging became the main economic activity. After World War I, the primary economic activity became tourism and recreation, although logging still contributes a significant economic stimulus to the area.

Unlike most lakes in Ontario, Lake Nipissing contains two volcanic pipes, which are the Manitou Islands and Callander Bay. The volcanic pipes formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of deep-origin volcanoes. Lake Nipissing lies in the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben, a Mesozoic era rift valley that formed 175 million years ago.

Flora and fauna

The lake is home to an abundance of flora and fauna:
white pine is significant, however, broadleaf trees such as aspen, ash, birch, maple and oak predominate some of the larger islands. Juniper, sumac, scrub oak, oak ferns and poison ivy can also be found. As well as much prized fish species, Nipissing wildlife includes moose, beaver, bald eagle, ospreys and turtles.

Flora
The lakeshore and islands are densely covered with broadleaved trees. Some of the larger islands on the lake such as Garden Island are almost exclusively broadleaf with maple, oak and dogwood. Many trees species can be found on and around the lake including:
 White pine which dominates the smaller rocky islands on the lake.
 Ash (black, mountain, red and white)
 Aspen (trembling and largetooth)
 Beech
 Birch (white and yellow)
 Dogwood
 Elm
 Ironwood
 Maple (silver, striped and sugar)
 Oak (burr and red)

Fauna
Fish - the lake is famous for the plethora of fish and the sport they provide. Of the 44 fish species to be found in Lake Nipissing, the significant include:
 Northern pike
 Muskie (clear or barred and spotted)
 Walleye
 Gar
 Smallmouth bass
 Yellow perch
 Cisco or lake herring
 Whitefish
 Burbot
 two species deemed to be 'at risk' by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; the northern brook lamprey and lake sturgeon

Mammals - Many mammals frequent the shores and islands of the lake, including:
 Moose
 Wolf
 Black bear
 Marten
 Fisher
 Red squirrel
 Chipmunk
 Beaver
 Muskrat
 Hare

Birds - These separate naturally into resident or visiting species, including:
 Bald eagle
 Osprey
 Great blue heron
 Mallard
 Gull
 Common loon
 Double crested cormorant
 Great horned owl
 Trumpeter swan
and a huge variety of ducks and geese.

See also
List of lakes of Ontario

References

External links

 Greater Nipissing Stewardship Council

Nipissing
Nipissing

Lake Nipissing


Albertje Sabine Uitslag (née le  à Westerhaar) est une ancienne femme politique néerlandaise.

Biographie
Uitslag grandit à Vriezenveen et est élève du Christelijk Lyceum à Almelo. Elle étudie la science infirmière à l'Université des sciences appliquées de Saxion à Enschede, les sciences de la santé (spécialisation en sciences infirmières) à l'Université du Limbourg et elle termine à l'Université Erasmus de Rotterdam. De  jusqu'à son entrée à la Seconde Chambre des États généraux, elle travaille à l'Institut scientifique de l'Appel chrétien-démocrate (CDA). Uitslag s'implique notamment dans le conseil du parti dans le domaine des soins de santé. Aux élections législatives néerlandaises de 2006, elle est à la cinquantième place sur la liste des candidats et obtient  votes préférentiels.

Carrière politique
Du  au , Uitslag remplace Mirjam Sterk, absente en raison d'un congé de maternité, en tant que membre de la Chambre des représentants ; c'est la première fois qu'une députée est remplacée pendant une grossesse. Après avoir prêté serment, elle participe à un débat sur les jeunes sans-abri. Uitslag veut être une voix pour les infirmières au cours de ces quatre mois. Elle prononce son premier discours une semaine plus tard, .

En , elle revient dans la groupe CDA, après le départ de Karien van Gennip. Le , elle demande au ministre André Rouvoet si son ministère, le ministère de la Jeunesse et de la Famille, peut faire une enquête pour savoir si les jeunes peuvent être avertis des modèles photoshoppés au moyen d'une marque de qualité. En , elle présente un plan d'action à ministre Ab Klink, le ministre de la Santé, dans lequel le cannabis serait pris en charge dans le soin de troubles alimentaires.

Lors des élections législatives néerlandaises de 2010 le , Uitslag est en  position, mais elle est néanmoins réélue en tant que députée au moyen de  votes préférentiels.

En , lors d'un débat avec la ministre Edith Schippers, elle affirme qu'il faut faire davantage en matière de prévention santé afin de limiter les coûts des soins de santé et de conseiller de lier la prévention à la perception des groupes cibles.

Le cabinet Rutte I assouplit la restriction de fumer dans les établissements de restauration, elle demande un numéro de téléphone spécial où on pourrait immédiatement avertir l'Autorité néerlandaise de sécurité des aliments et des produits de consommation en cas de tabagisme illégal dans un établissement de restauration.

En mai, elle soutient le plaidoyer du Conseil régional de la région policière de Twente de placer le GHB dans la liste 1 de la loi sur l'opium, ce qui n'en ferait plus une drogue douce mais une drogue dure et permettrait une plus grande répression. La ministre Edith Schippers accède à cette demande le .

Le , Uitslag annonce que lors de la discussion du budget, elle souhaite proposer une loi pour que les conjoints puissent continuer à vivre ensemble dans une maison de retraite, au lieu de différents services dans une maison de retraite, quand les soins dont ils ont besoin sont différents.

Elle fait campagne pour une plus grande participation des infirmières et des soignants au niveau du conseil d'administration des établissements de santé. Du  au , Uitslag est en congé de maternité. Au cours de cette période, elle est remplacée par l'ancienne députée Cisca Joldersma.

En , elle indique qu'elle ne se représentera pas lors des élections législatives néerlandaises de 2012 en septembre.

Après la politique
Uitslag devient membre du conseil d'administration de plusieurs établissements de santé et est présidente de l'Association néerlandaise des dermatologues jusqu'en 2018.

En , son portrait est détourné dans une brochure publicitaire de la chaîne de drogueries Kruidvat. En compensation, elle exige des couches gratuites pendant un an pour la maison de bébé de Barbara Muller à Dordrecht, où elle est membre du conseil d'administration.

Carrière artistique
Après la fin de sa carrière politique, elle participe à l'adaptation néerlandaise de Strictly Come Dancing, diffusée du  au . Elle prend la troisième place avec son partenaire. En 2019, elle participe à l'adaptation néerlandaise de Dancing on Ice diffusée par SBS6.

À Twente, Uitslag était la chanteuse du groupe de rock Zipper et du groupe de reprises Spinrock.

Début 2010, Uitslag enregistre un single Loat mie lös, avec la présentatrice de RTV Oost Monique Sleiderink, écrit par Sleiderink et Wilfried Poorthuis. Elle fait aussi un duo sur l'album de Jan Wilm Tolkamp et Bennie Jolink, Hubertus & Diana, sorti la même année, qui atteint la  place de l'Album Top 100 néerlandais.

Liens externes

Notes et références

Source de la traduction

Personnalité de l'Appel chrétien-démocrate
Membre de la Seconde Chambre des États généraux
Chanteuse néerlandaise
Naissance en mars 1973
Naissance dans la province d'Overijssel

Sabine Uitslag


La costa Sabrina (en inglés, Sabrina Coast) es un sector de la costa de la Tierra de Wilkes en la Antártida Oriental. Se extiende entre el cabo Waldron (), límite con la costa Budd, y el cabo Southard (), límite con la costa Banzare.

La costa Sabrina se halla completamente rodeada por la barrera de hielo Universidad de Moscú, que en su extremo occidental comienza en el glaciar Totten. Esta barrera fue nombrada por la Expedición Antártica Soviética en 1958.

El área es reclamada por Australia como parte del Territorio Antártico Australiano, pero está sujeta a las restricciones establecidas por el Tratado Antártico.

La costa Sabrina fue avistada por el británico John Balleny en marzo de 1839, en el área del meridiano 117° E. En febrero de 1840 la Expedición Wilkes, liderada por el estadounidense Charles Wilkes, se aproximó a la costa y la cartografió de forma general como parte de lo que denominó "Totten High Land". En 1931 la Expedición de investigación antártica británica, australiana y neozelandesa liderada por Douglas Mawson avistó tierra un grado más al sur que los reportes de Balleny y de Wilkes. Mawson denominó Sabrina a esta costa en recuerdo de uno de los barcos de Balleny que se hundió en marzo de 1839. El cabo Southard fue delineado por fotografías aéreas de la Operación Highjump (1946-1947).

Referencias

Sabrina, Costa
Territorio Antártico Australiano
Tierra de Wilkes
Descubrimientos geográficos de Estados Unidos
Descubrimientos geográficos de 1840
Estados Unidos en 1840

Costa Sabrina


දකුණු වෙරලේ පිහිටි ස්වභාව ධර්මයා විසින් කරන ලද අපුරු නිර්මාණයකි.
හුම්මානයට දකුනේ බස් වහරෙන් " කරිජ්ජමාලාව " කියා ද හදුන්වයි. මාතර – හම්බන්තොට මාර්ගයේ 184 කි.මි කනුව අයත් වන්නේ නාකුළුගමුවටයි. නාකුළුගමුවෙන් හැරී වෙරල තීරයට පිවිසිමට ප්‍රධාන මාර්ගයෙන්හැරී කි.මි1.5 පමන දුර ගෙවන විට කුඩා වැල්ල - වැලි කැලේ වෙරළ තීරයේ කදු ගැටයක් මත මෙම අපුරු ජල මල ස්ථානගතවේ. මුහුදු රැල්ලේ පීඩනයත් සමග විහිදී යාමට පෙර එක දිගට " හුම්" ලෙසින් මුමනන හඩක් පිට කරනා බැවින් හුම්-ගාන ය හුම්මානය වු බවකි.
අපේ රටේ ඇති මෙම හුම්මානය ලෝකයේ වෙනත් රටවල ඇති හුම්මාන හය අතරින් විශාලත්වයෙන් දෙවන තැන ගන්නා බව වාර්තා වේ.
නිරිත දිග මෝසම් වාරකන් සමයේ මුහුදු රල වේගවත්වු විට හුම්මානය වඩාත් ක්‍රීයාශීලි වි අඩි 40-50 පමන උසට අහස දෙසට ජල මලක්ව විහිදී යන අයුරු දක්නට ලැබීම අසිරියකි.
හුම්මානය අසලදී කෑ ගැසීම, හූ කීම හුම් හඩට සමාන ශබ්ද නැගීම අත්පුඩි තැලීම හුම්මානයේ ක්‍රීයාකාරිත්වය ඉහල නැංවීමට හේතුවන බව ගැමියන් අතර මතයක් පවතී.

හුම්මානය


Colt 45 oder Colt .45 steht für:

 Colt 45, anderer Name des Colt Single Action Army, Revolver des Unternehmens Colt
 Colt 45 (2014), französisch-belgischer Film von Fabrice Du Welz
 Colt 45, Alternativtitel von Stadt ohne Sheriff, US-amerikanischer Film von Edward Ludwig (1963)
 Colt .45, Originaltitel von Das Geheimnis der schwarzen Bande, US-amerikanischer Film von Edwin L. Marin (1950)
 Colt .45 (Fernsehserie), US-amerikanische Fernsehserie (1957–1960)
 Colt 45 (Band), britische Band
 Darmstadt Colt 45, Baseballverein aus Darmstadt

Siehe auch:
 .45 Colt, Revolverpatrone

Colt 45


Mohambi (nume complet Mohambi Nzasi Moupondo; ) este un cântăreț, dansator, producător muzical și compozitor de muzică pop congolezo-suedez.

Biografie
În decembrie 2022, Mohombi și-a anunțat candidatura pentru alegerile prezidențiale din 2023 ca candidat independent..

Note

Nașteri în 1986
Nașteri pe 17 octombrie
Cântăreți suedezi
Oameni din Stockholm
Congolezi din Republica Democrată Congo în viață
Suedezi în viață

Mohombi


123290 Manoa este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
123290 Manoa este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Socorro, New Mexico, în cadrul proiectului LINEAR. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,58 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 15,9° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 123001-124000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2000
Centura de asteroizi

123290 Manoa


Keuka College is a private college in Keuka Park, New York,  situated on Keuka Lake. Founded in 1890, the college emphasizes experiential learning as well as career and pre-professional education. It is classified among "Master's Colleges and Universities (small)" and accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The college offers both bachelor's and master's degrees on its home campus.

Keuka's Accelerated Studies for Adults Program (ASAP) offers degree completion at more than 20 sites throughout Upstate New York, as well as through online courses. Since the early 2000s, Keuka has also become a major educational provider in the Pacific Rim, with more than 3,000 students pursuing Keuka degrees at partner universities in China and Vietnam.

The lake-front school has more than a thousand feet of shoreline, including Point Neamo, a private beach with a boat house and equipment for checkout by college students and staff.

History
Keuka College was founded in 1890 by George Harvey Ball (1819-1907) who envisioned a college that would provide a high-level education to all deserving students, regardless of economic background. The first academic building was dedicated on August 14, 1890.  In an article published the next day, The New York Times noted that the hall was built on "one of the most beautiful locations on the Keuka Lake," and that it was "a firm-looking building, four stories in height, of brick and stone."  The freshman class in Fall 1890 consisted of eighty students.

The college faced financial troubles and decided to suspend active instruction in 1915.  In 1919, Arthur H. Norton (after whom the Norton Chapel is named) was chosen as the President of Keuka and worked to revitalize the college.  Under Norton, who would serve as president for the next 16 years, Keuka resumed instruction in 1921 as Keuka College for Women.  During this trying time (1919-1921), Norton personally wrote more than 3,000 letters, published and mailed at least 10,000 pamphlets, made 66 speeches, and surveyed 76 colleges in order to advance Keuka's cause.  Gertrude Martin, former dean of women at Cornell University, became a Keuka trustee and advised the now women's college.  The Ball Brothers—founders of what would become the Ball Corporation, a S&P 500 company, and benefactors of Ball State University—were among the key supporters of Keuka at this time.  Years earlier, with their father in poor health, the young Ball brothers "found a friend and confidant in their uncle," George Harvey Ball.  When the Ball brothers' father, Lucius Styles Ball, died, Uncle George provided financial support and some measure of stability to the young Ball brothers.  George Harvey Ball also provided his nephews with funds that helped launch their successful enterprise.  The Ball brothers expressed their gratitude to their uncle by supporting Keuka College, donating land and providing funds.  In recognition of this, the first academic building was renamed Ball Hall (Ball Memorial Hall) in 1921 after founder and first President George Harvey Ball and the Ball Brothers  The Ball Family also supported Hillsdale College in Michigan.  In 1924, Hegeman Hall and Richardson Hall (later renamed Harrington Hall) were built.  Both of these buildings remain key buildings on campus today, flanking Ball Hall.

During World War II, Keuka College expanded its nursing program in order to provide professionally trained nurses for the war effort, due in no small part to the personal correspondence between Keuka President J. Hillis Miller and the First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, who visited the college on February 16, 1938.  Keuka's emphasis on experiential learning meant that it had a nursing program combining "academic study in the classroom and clinical work at the hospital."    On June 16, 1963, a quarter century after Roosevelt's visit, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered the baccalaureate address at the college and received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters.  Since 2017, two busts featuring Roosevelt and King have commemorated their visits; these busts were funded by Christine and Donald Wertman and sculpted by the college's own Professor Emeritus of Art, Dexter Benedict.  Keuka remained a single-sex institution until 1985, when declining enrollment at that time (from 536 total students in 1979 to 407 students in 1984) caused the board of trustees to vote in favor of admitting men.  Since then, enrollment has increased to over 1,100 students .

In the late 2000s, with the help of donations from alumni and friends of the college, the original building, Ball Hall, was restored.  The three-year renovation of the historical centerpiece of the campus received a Citation Award from the American Institute for Architects-Central New York (AIA CNY) in 2008.  In 2016, the Keuka Commons was dedicated.  This new building houses the Division of Business and Management, the Center for Professional Studies, the Wertman Office of Digital Education, the Center for Business Analytics and Health Informatics, a state-of-the-art trading room, classrooms, study spaces, the campus bookstore, and the Wolf Den Café, which serves Starbucks coffee as well as pastries, sandwiches, salads, and other snacks.

Field Period

In 1942, Edith Estey, a 1933 Keuka graduate and administrator, created the Field Period program, which continues to be a major component of a Keuka College education as administered through the Center for Experiential Learning. During a Field Period, each Keuka student is required to spend 140 hours per year (or approximately one month) in a self-directed learning experience. This can involve a work internship, a community service project, spiritual exploration, personal development, cross-cultural diversity exploration, or a group cultural experience to another city or country.

The student is graded on a pass and fail basis with the potential to earn three credits.  The Field Period can be completed over summer break or winter break, as students have the month of January off. Students design a learning contract with the site of  their choice that outlines learning goals and objectives that must be met. Each student's site supervisor evaluates the student's work ethic and progress and reports back to Keuka College's Experiential Learning office. Upon completion, students meet with their academic advisors to present unique documentation of the experience and hand in a recap paper and reflective journal.

In his book, Cool Colleges: For the Hyper-Intelligent, Self-Directed, Late Blooming, and Just Plain Different, author Donald Asher observes that Keuka College "does a fantastic job of tying classroom experience to the real world" and "has a holistic approach to make an intentional, coherent experience out of all of a student's classroom, activity, internship, and field experiences."

Academics

Keuka College offers 31 bachelor's degree programs on its home campus, many with specialized concentrations; there are also 27 minors and self-designed majors.  In addition, Keuka offers seven master's degree programs and pre-professional programs in dentistry, law, medicine, veterinary medicine, optometry, pharmacy, and occupational therapy.  Some of the key academic offices and research and learning centers at Keuka include: the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs; Academic Success at Keuka (ASK); Accelerated Studies for Adults (ASAP); the Center for Aquatic Research; the Center for Experiential Learning; the Center for Global Education; and the Lightner Library.

Keuka places emphasis on experiential education through its Field Period, a student-designed internship every year while enrolled. In addition to meeting the needs of traditional students, Keuka's Accelerated Studies for Adults Program (ASAP) offers bachelor's degree completion and master's degree programs at locales around the state.

Keuka has an international presence, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, with around 2,680 Chinese students pursuing Keuka degrees at four partner universities, one of the largest enrollments of any U.S. college operating in the country.  The Keuka-China international educational partnership has the approval of the Office of Academic Degrees Committee for the State Council in China.  Another 505 Vietnamese students are doing likewise at two partner universities in Vietnam. More than 110 international students from different countries study on the home campus.

Academic offices and centers

 Academic Affairs—The Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs provides leadership for all academic programs in support of the college mission and ensures academic excellence.  The academic affairs office also has responsibility for those academic units that support student success: the Registrar, the Lightner Library, the Center for Experiential Learning, Educational Technology, institutional research, and the Academic Success at Keuka (ASK) Program.  Other responsibilities of the office include the development, review, and implementation of academic policies and procedures; assessment; budgeting for academic programs; and faculty personnel actions, including re-appointment, promotion, and tenure.
 Academic Success at Keuka (ASK)—In addition to providing services to students with disabilities, ASK is also available to help all students enhance study skills, improve time management, and earn better grades through peer and professional tutoring in writing and other subjects.
 Accelerated Studies for Adults Program (ASAP)—Individual degree programs are designed to meet the needs of busy, active adults—classes are offered at more than 20 hospitals and community colleges throughout New York state.  More below.
 Center for Aquatic Research (CAR)—The Center capitalizes on Keuka College's excellent location on the shore of Keuka Lake and engages in research, teaching, and outreach.  Research has been conducted on the ecological impacts from deep chlorophyll layers (DCL) in Keuka Lake.  CAR researchers have worked with researchers from Cornell University, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, and Finger Lakes Community College and other institutions on a state-funded project that investigates water quality issues on Owasco Lake.  CAR researchers have also presented their findings at regional and national scientific conferences.  In addition, the center hosts summer workshops for area high school science teachers as well as people interested in the aquatic ecology of Keuka Lake and of the larger Finger Lakes region.  CAR has had an international aquatic research partnership with Wenzhou University on the east coast of China.
 Center for Experiential Learning—The Center for Experiential Learning serves as a bridge, connecting internships, the classroom and co-curricular activities, into a mutually reinforcing learning network. Interns have worked in local and out-of-state hospitals, schools, day care centers, set up Web sites for nonprofit groups, connecting lessons in video art with the digital nuts and bolts of the workplace; accounting majors have helped with auditing at major companies, including KPMG, one of the "Big Four" auditors in the world.  Experiential Learning is the central focus of the student experience, which gives students the Keuka advantage, namely, real-world experience for the 21st century, enabling them to build up ties, skill sets, and experiences even before they graduate and enter the world force or graduate or professional programs.  Experiential learning at Keuka occurs in the classroom, co-curricular activities, the workplace, and the community. It is integrated and weaves throughout the four years, and begins day one.
 Center for Global Education—The Center serves Keuka students on the Keuka Lake home campus who look for opportunities to study abroad, or for information about the college's many international ties.  It also serves international students looking to study at Keuka College in the United States, and Keuka China or Keuka Vietnam students interested in Keuka College's exchange programs.
 Lightner Library and the Aben and Lightner Art Galleries—The Lightner Library houses books, journals, computer labs, and electronic resources.  It is also home to two art galleries.  The Robert S. & Rebecca Bannan Aben Gallery features the work of world-renowned artist Yankel Ginzburg.  The Ginzburg art was donated to the college by the Aben Family.  The Lightner Art Gallery has showcased the works of local and regional artists, as well as those of Keuka students, on a rotating, monthly basis for the past 25 years.
 Office of the Registrar

Adult education
The Keuka College Center for Professional Studies Accelerated Studies for Adults Program (ASAP) offers degree completion and master's programs for working students. Classes are held one evening a week at community college and hospital locations throughout Upstate New York, including Syracuse, Auburn, Corning, Rochester, and other locations.  Bachelor's degrees can be earned in management, criminal justice, nursing for RNs, and social work. Master's degrees are available in criminal justice administration, management, and nursing.

Athletics
Keuka College teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III. The Wolves (formerly known as the Storm until 2014) are a member of the Empire 8 Conference and of the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC). They formerly competed as a member of the North Eastern Athletic Conference (NEAC), now known as the United East Conference. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, tennis and volleyball; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, tennis, field hockey and volleyball.

Following the threat of a lawsuit by North Carolina State University, Keuka College decided to forego litigation and discontinue the "Wolfpack" name. They are now called the "Wolves."

Memberships and accreditations

 Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools
 Council on Social Work Education
 Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education
 Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education of the American Occupational Therapy Association
 International Assembly of Collegiate Business Education
 Rochester Area Colleges consortium

References

External links
 Official website
 Official athletics website

Private universities and colleges in New York (state)
Liberal arts colleges in New York (state)
Universities and colleges affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA
Educational institutions established in 1890
Education in Yates County, New York
1890 establishments in New York (state)
Free Will Baptist schools
Empire 8 schools
Former United East Conference schools

Keuka College


Giorgi Kokhreidze (en ), né le  à Tbilissi, est un footballeur géorgien, qui joue au poste d'attaquant au Saburtalo Tbilissi.

Biographie

En club

Saburtalo Tbilissi
Fils d'un lutteur, Giorgi Kokhreidze débute le football à l'âge de six ans. Il s'entraîne par la suite avec Iuza Tsilosani en Ibérie, avant de rejoindre le Saburtalo Tbilissi à l'âge de 14 ans.

Il dispute son premier match en professionnel avec le Saburtalo Tbilissi le  face au Chikhura Satchkhere. Il inscrit son premier but le  contre le Dinamo Zugdidi, qui permet au Saburtalo de s'imposer à la dernière minute du temps additionnel.

Le , il dispute son premier match européen en qualification à la Ligue des champions face au Sheriff Tiraspol. Au cours de ce match remporté 3-0, Kokhreidze marque un but et distille une passe décisive.

Lors de la finale de Coupe de Géorgie le  contre le Lokomotiv Tbilissi, il inscrit le premier but de la victoire 3-1, d'un lointain coup franc. Le , il inscrit l'unique but de la finale de Supercoupe de Géorgie remportée face au Dinamo Tbilissi.

Le , il se blesse à la fin d'un match contre le Lokomotiv Tbilissi, et ne fait son retour sur les terrains le  lors d'un match face au FC Telavi. Le , il se blesse au même genou que précédemment en Coupe de Géorgie.

Grenoble Foot
Le , il signe un contrat de trois saisons en faveur du Grenoble Foot 38 en Ligue 2. Il dispute son premier match avec Grenoble le  contre Rodez, en remplaçant Florian Michel à la  minute de jeu. Au mois d', son entraîneur Maurizio Jacobacci souligne les difficultés d'intégrations de Kokhreidze, qui ne parle pas le français et qui ne comprend que peu l'anglais. Lors de sa première saison, il n'est titularisé qu'à une seule reprise, face au Havre le .

Retour au Saburtalo
Il n'est pas utilisé lors de sa deuxième saison en Isère et fait son retour au Saburtalo Tbilissi.

En sélection
Giorgi Kokhreidze dispute son premier match avec les équipes de jeunes géorgiennes le  avec les moins de 17 ans contre le Liechtenstein dans le cadre des qualifications à l'Euro 2015. Entré en jeu à la place d'Irakli Bugridze à la  minute de jeu, il marque le but du 3-0 quatre minutes plus tard.

Avec les moins de 19 ans, avec qui il débute en , il dispute l'Euro 2017 organisé à domicile. Durant le tournoi, il participe à une victoire 2-1 contre à la Suède le , marquant le premier but de la rencontre.

Il dispute son premier match avec les espoirs le  contre la Pologne en qualifications à l'Euro 2019, en remplaçant Akaki Shulaia à la  minute de jeu. Il inscrit son premier but dans cette catégorie le  lors d'une victoire 2-1 en Finlande. Le , il marque un but au cours d'un match face à l'équipe de France espoirs (défaite 3-2).

Style de jeu
Giorgi Kokhreidze peut évoluer à plusieurs postes, évoluant fréquemment au poste d'ailier, mais pouvant aussi jouer comme milieu offensif ou en soutien de l'attaquant. Il est réputé pour sa qualité de passes et sa vision du jeu.

Palmarès
  Saburtalo Tbilissi

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur géorgien
Joueur du FC Saburtalo Tbilissi
Joueur du Grenoble Foot 38
Naissance en novembre 1998
Naissance à Tbilissi

Giorgi Kokhreidze


Stigma (grčki srednji rod Στίγμα, veliko slovo , malo ) slovo je koje se nekada rabilo u grčkom alfabetu, za glas [st] ispred [s] i [t]. Kasnije je ispalo iz uporabe u riječima, ali je ostalo kao broj 6.

Standardi Unicode i HTML podržavaju simbola stigma:

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice
Opoudjis - Stigma

Grčki alfabet

Stigma (slovo)


أكيورا  وهي شركة فرع من شركة هوندا اليابانية تصنع السيارات الفخمة. وقد استخدم هذا الاسم في الولايات المتحدة وكندا وهونغ كونغ منذ عام 1986 للتسويق للسيارات الرياضية والشبه الرياضية. وتم تسويقها في المكسيك عام 2004 والصين عام 2006. وتم إدخال هذه العلامة التجارية إلى روسيا في نهاية عام 2008. وتخطط شركة هوندا لإدخال منتجات أكيورا إلى السوق اليابانية المحلية خلال عام 2010. وبإنشاء شركة أكيورا، تعتبر شركة هوندا أول شركة يابانية تدخل سوق السيارات الفاخرة الخارجية. فقبل إنشاء الشركة كانت السيارات المصدرة من اليابان سيارات اقتصادية موجهة نحو محدودي الدخل.

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1986 في اليابان
سيارات اخترعت في 1986
شركات السيارات في الولايات المتحدة
شركات تصنيع مركبات بمحركات في الولايات المتحدة
شركات تصنيع مركبات أسست في 1986
شركات سيارات مقرها في طوكيو
شركات مدرجة في بورصة طوكيو
شركات مصنعة لسيارات فارهة
علامات تجارية فاخرة
علامات تجارية يابانية
ماركات سيارات
مصنعو سيارات في اليابان
هوندا

أكيورا


Dendritna stanica (eng. dendritic cell, DCs) je antigensko-predstavljajuća stanica sisavačkog imunosnog sustava. Glavna im je funkcija obrađivati antigenski materijal i predstaviti ga na staničnu površinu T-limfocita imunosnog sustava. Djeluju kao glasnik između system. They prirođenog i stečenog imunosnog sustava.

Imunosni sustav

Dendritna stanica


La Ruta Estatal de Nevada 429, y abreviada SR 429 (en inglés: Nevada State Route 429) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Nevada. La carretera inicia en el Sur desde la Hobart Road cerca de Carson City hacia el Norte en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 12,6 km (7.824 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de Nevada 429 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Nevada por sus siglas en inglés Nevada DOT.

Cruces
La Ruta Estatal de Nevada 429 es atravesada principalmente por la .

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Nevada DOT

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Nevada

Ruta Estatal de Nevada 429


Kathleen Quinlan () este o actriță americană. Printre filmele în care a jucat se numără  I Never Promised You a Rose Garden (1977), The Doors (1991), Apollo 13 (1995) și Event Horizon (1997).

Familie
Kathleen are un soț, Bruce Abbott, și un copil, Tayler Quinlan Abbott.

Filmografie și roluri în emisiuni TV

Note

Legături externe
 Kathleen Quinlan la IMDB

Nașteri în 1954
Actrițe americane

Kathleen Quinlan


Mirã Barã-i Chobim () era um nobre iraniano da Casa de Mirranes. Era filho de Barã Chobim, o famoso aspabades do Império Sassânida e brevemente xainxá. Mirã, com a ajuda de tribos árabes cristãs, lutou contra os árabes muçulmanos em . No entanto, foi derrotado. O que aconteceu com ele depois é desconhecido; no entanto, sabe-se que teve um filho chamado Seoses, que caiu para os árabes em 651 em Rei.

Bibliografia

Casa de Mirranes
Partas do século VII
Generais de Isdigerdes III

Mirã Barã-i Chobim


The Multi-Color Graphics Array or MCGA is a video subsystem built into the motherboard of the IBM PS/2 Model 30, introduced on September 2, 1986, and Model 25, introduced later on August 11, 1987; no standalone MCGA cards were ever made.

The MCGA supports all CGA display modes plus 640×480 monochrome at a refresh rate of 60 Hz, and 320×200 with 256 colors (out of an 18-bit RGB palette of 262,144) at 70 Hz. The display adapter uses a DE-15 connector, sometimes referred to as HD-15.

MCGA is similar to VGA in that it had a 256-color mode (the 256-color mode in VGA was sometimes referred to as MCGA) and uses 15-pin analog connectors. The PS/2 chipset's limited abilities prevent EGA compatibility and high-resolution multi-color VGA display modes.

The tenure of MCGA was brief; the PS/2 Model 25 and Model 30 were discontinued by 1992, and the only manufacturer to produce a clone of this display adapter was Epson, in the Equity Ie and PSE-30, since the VGA standard introduced at the same time was considered superior.

Software support
The 256-color mode proved most popular for gaming. 256-color VGA games ran fine on MCGA as long as they stuck to the basic 320×200 256-color mode and didn't attempt to use VGA-specific features such as multiple screen pages.

Games lacking support for 256-color graphics were forced to fall back to four-color CGA mode (or not run at all) due to the incompatibility with EGA video modes (320×200, 640×200, or 640×350, all in 16 colors). Some games, including point-and-click adventures from Sierra On-line and Lucasfilm Games, as well as simulation and strategy titles from Microprose, solved this problem for low-resolution titles by supporting the MCGA's 320×200 256-color mode and picking the colors most resembling the EGA 16-color RGB palette, while leaving the other available colors in that mode unused.

Higher resolution titles were often unsupported unless graphics could be converted into either MCGA low or high (640×480 monochrome, which would also support 640×400 and 640×350 with some letterboxing) resolution mode in an acceptable fashion. An alternative approach used by a small number of (generally earlier) games was to use four-color CGA assets but make use of the adaptor's ability to freely change the palette for a slightly enhanced appearance.

Output capabilities
MCGA offered:
640×480 monochrome (mode 11h)
320×200 in 256 colors (from a palette of 262,144; mode 13h)

CGA compatible modes:
40×25 text mode with 8×8 pixel font (effective resolution of 320×200; mode 0/1h)
80×25 text mode with 8×8 pixel font (effective resolution of 640×200; mode 2/3h)
320×200 in four colors from a 16 color hardware palette with a pixel aspect ratio of 1:1.2. (mode 4/5h)
640×200 in two colors with a pixel aspect ratio of 1:2.4 (mode 6h)

See also
List of defunct graphics chips and card companies

References

Computer display standards
IBM PS/2
Multi-Color Graphics Adapter
Products introduced in 1987

Multi-Color Graphics Array


حرستا مدينة سورية في محافظة ريف دمشق تقع شرق دمشق على الجهة الشرقية للطريق الرئيسي المنطلق من مدينة دمشق باتجاه مدينة حمص وفيها مركز ناحية إدارية يتبع منطقة دوما.

تقع مدينة حرستا على الطريق القادم من حمص إلى دمشق إلى الشمال الشرقي منها وتحيط بها أحياء برزة والقابون وعربين.
وعلى بعد 5 كم من مركز العاصمة فهي تشكل البوابة الشمالية لمدينة دمشق، وقد وصفها ياقوت الحموي في كتابه معجم البلدان فقال: «هي منطقة كبيرة عامرة وسط بساتين دمشق».
وقيل إن اسم حرستا يعني باللغة الآرامية الأرض الخشنة وقد يكون هذا التعبير صحيحا جزئياً.
إذ يغلب على تربتها في المناطق الشمالية الغربية والشمالية وفرة الحصى والأحجار وربما بعض الصخور في بساتينها القريبة من سفوح السلسلة الشرقية لجبال القلمون.
في سجلات الأحول المدنية لا يزال يذكر اسم البصل إلى جانب حرستا، وربما كانت تشتهر في زراعة هذا النبات، لكن يقول بعض المؤرخين إن اسمها القديم كان، حرستا الزيتون، وهذا هو الأصح لوفرة زراعة هذه الشجرة المباركة في البساتين المحيطة بها ويعد زيت وزيتون مدينة حرستا من انقى واصفى والذ الزيتون في الوطن العربي، كما كانت أراضيها القريبة من مدينة دوما كروماً واسعة من أشجار العنب ملء السهل المتصل بدوما وصولاً إلى قرية عذراء.
وفي صدد التحدث عن تاريخ حرستا فمن المعروف أن معظم سكان الحواضر في بلاد الشام كانوا يعتنقون المسيحية قبل ظهور الإسلام، ومنها حرستا، إلا أن الأوابد الأثرية القديمة قد اندثرت نظراً لاستخدام الطين بدل الحجر في البناء في غوطة دمشق بسبب توفره ورخصه، لكن لا يزال فيها حتى وقتنا الحاضر أسرتين تعتنقين الديانة المسيحية.
وعندما عم الإسلام الشام، بدأت تزداد أعداد المسلمين تدريجياً سواءً من السكان الأصليين أو من الذين وفدوا مع الفتح الإسلامي وخاصةً في العهد الأموي حيث اتخذت حرستا مركز استجمام لوفرة رياضها ومياهها فبنيت فيها بعض القصور الأموية أو المنتزهات، ولا يزال اسم بعضها معروفاً حتى وقتنا الحاضر مثل «البلاطة» وهي ما بني فوق أرضها الفرن الآلي، أو «الحدائق» وهو موقع قريب منه يتألف الآن من وحدة سكنية.

برز من الأعلام الذين أصلهم أو إقامتهم في حرستا عدد لا بأس به وأذكر في مقدمتهم: محمد بن الحسن الشيباني وقد ولد عام 131 هـ الموافقة 748 م. وتوفي عام 189 هـ الموافقة 804 م. وهو إمام بالفقه والأصول، ومن أهل حرستا الأعلام القاضي عبد الصمد بن أبي الفضل الأنصاري الحرستاني، ومولده سنة 520 هـ ومات عام 614 هـ عن عمر يناهز الرابعة والتسعين عاماً.
كما لا يخفى الدور الذي لعبه الثوار ضد الاستعمار الفرنسي المتخذين من حرستا نقطة استناد لهم وتضحياتهم المساهمة في دحر الأجنبي.
كما يتواجد فيها الكثير من العائلات الكبيرة ذات الأصول القديمة والممتدة والضاربة في التاريخ عبر الأجيال والتي قاومت الاحتلال الفرنسي وما قبله.

ما ذكره المؤرخون والجغرافيون
قال یاقوت الحموي

بالتحريك، وسكون السين، وتاء فوقها نقطتان: قرية كبيرة عامره وسط بساتين دمشق على طريق حمص، بينها وبين دمشق أكثر من فرسخ، منها شيخنا القاضي عبد الصمد بن محمد بن أبي الفضل الأنصاري الحرستاني، إمام فاضل مدرس على مذهب الشافعي، ولي القضاء بدمشق في كهولته ثم تركه ثم وليه وقد تجاوز التسعين عاما من عمره بإلزام العادل أبي بكر بن أيوب إياه، ومات وهو قاضي القضاة بدمشق، وكان ثقه محتاطا، وكان فيه عسر وملل في الحديث والحكومة، ومولده سنه 520، تكثّر به والده فسمع من علي بن أحمد بن قبيس الغسّاني وعبد الكريم بن حمزه والخضر السّلمي وطاهر بن سهل الأسفراييني وعلي بن المسلم، وتفرّد بالرواية عن هؤلاء الأربعة زمانا، وسمع من غيرهم فأكثر، ومات في خامس ذي الحجة سنة 614 عن 94 سنة، وينسب إليها من المتقدّمين حمّاد بن مالك بن بسطام بن درهم أبو مالك الأشجعي الحرستاني، روى عن الأوزاعي وإسماعيل بن عبد الرحمن بن عبيد بن نفيع وعبد الرحمن بن يزيد بن جابر وسعيد بن بشير وعبد العزيز ابن حصين وإسماعيل بن عيّاش، روى عنه أبو حاتم الرازي وأبو زرعه الدمشقي ويزيد بن محمد بن عبد الصمد وهشام بن عمار ويعقوب بن سفيان ومحمد بن عبد الصمد وهشام بن عمار ويعقوب بن سفيان ومحمد بن إسماعيل الترمذي، ومات سنه 228. وحرستا المنظره: من قرى دمشق أيضا بالغوطه في شرقيها.

قال عبد المؤمن البغدادي

بالتحريك، وسكون السين، وتاء فوقها نقطتان: قرية كبيرة عامره، في وسط بساتين دمشق، على طريق حمص، بينها وبين دمشق أكثر من فرسخ.

قال عبد الرحمن بن إبراهيم حسیني حنبلي

قریة فی وسط غوطة دمشق، نسب إلیها القاضي عبد الصمد بن محمد، سمع الکثیر وروى، وعمّر فوق التسعین، ومات في سنة 615.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في منطقة دوما
ضواحي دمشق
محافظة ريف دمشق
مدن سوريا

حرستا


Srednjoeuropsko sveučilište (CEU, eng. Central European University) privatno je sveučilište koje se nalazi u Budimpešti, a pruža studije iz područja humanističkih znanosti, društvenih znanosti, prava, javne politike, menadžmenta, znanosti o okolišu i matematike.

Sveučilište je osnovao mađarsko-američki upravitelj hedge fondovima, politički aktivist i filantrop George Soros. S budžetom od 880 milijuna američkih dolara, CEU je jedno od najbogatijih sveučilišta u Europi. Sastoji se od 13 akademskih odjela, 17 istraživačkih centara i dvije škole. CEU zastupa i načelo otvorenih društava.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene stranice

Mađarska sveučilišta
Budimpešta

Srednjoeuropsko sveučilište


À bas les hommes est un film muet français réalisé par Maurice Le Forestier, sorti en 1912.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre : À bas les hommes
 Réalisation : Maurice Le Forestier
 Scénario : Daniel Riche
 Photographie :
 Montage :
 Producteur :
 Société de production : Pathé Frères
 Société de distribution :  Pathé Frères
 Pays d'origine :
 Métrage :  mètres
 Langue : film muet avec les intertitres en français
 Format : Noir et blanc — 35 mm — 1,33:1 — Muet
 Genre : Comédie
 Durée : 7 minutes 10
 Dates de sortie :
  :

Distribution
 Mistinguett
 Gabrielle Lange
 Marcelle Barry
 Charles Lorrain
 Madame Blémont

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Ciné-Journal n° 184 du 2 mars 1912
 Bulletin Pathé n° 4
 Henri Bousquet, Catalogue Pathé des années 1896 à 1914, Bures-sur-Yvette, Éditions Henri Bousquet, 1994-2004

Articles connexes
 Liste de films français sortis en 1912

Liens externes

 À bas les hommes sur le site de la Fondation Jérôme Seydoux-Pathé

Film français sorti en 1912
Court métrage français
Comédie française
Film réalisé par Maurice Le Forestier
Film en français
Film muet français
Film français en noir et blanc
Film de Pathé
Mars 1912

À bas les hommes (film, 1912)


دومايكو 2784 هو أحد كويكبات حزام الكويكبات الرئيسي وقد تم اكتشافه في 15 أبريل 1975 من قبل الفلكي التشيلي كارلوس توريس في مركز سيرو إل روبلي.

مراجع

أجرام فلكية اكتشفت في 1975
اكتشافات كارلوس توريس
اكتشافات كارلوس توريس (فلكي)
حزام الكويكبات
قوائم الكواكب الصغيرة حسب الرقم
كواكب صغيرة سميت بأسماء أشخاص
كواكب صغيرة مسماة
كويكبات فلورا

2784 دومايكو


Engie je francuska energetska industrijska grupa. Bila je treća najveća globalna grupa u energetskom sektoru, isključujući naftu, 2015. Glavni je dioničar Francuska država koja ima četvrtinu kapitala (23,64% kapitala i 33,84% glasačkih prava Engie).

2016. godine grupa je započela duboku transformaciju usmjerenu na energiju i digitalnu tranziciju. Njegova se industrijska strategija razvija, uzdrmana promjenama u upravljanju.

Engie je u 2018. godini imao 158.505 zaposlenih, a promet mu je iznosio 60,6 milijardi eura.

Navedena u Bruxellesu, Luksemburgu i Parizu, grupa je prisutna u berzanskim indeksima: CAC 40, BEL20 i Euronext 100.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Engie Group

Francuske energetske tvrtke

Engie


III. regionalna nogometna liga Varaždin ( Regionalna liga Varaždin; Liga Regije Varaždin-Čakovec ) za sezonu 1983./84. je predstavljala ligu četvrtog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije.
U natjecanju je sudjelovalo je 14 klubova,  prvak je bio "Trnje" iz Trnovca.

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

Povezani članci
 Hrvatska nogometna liga – Sjever 1983./84.
 Regionalna nogometna liga ZO Zagreb 1983./84.
 II. regionalna nogometna liga Bjelovar 1983./84.

Izvori

 Ivica Vukotić: VŽ nogomet, Varaždin, 1990., str. 98-99
 Franjo Novak, Zvonko Gerić: NK Podravina : Ludbreg : [1919.-2009.], Ludbreg, 2001.,

1983-84 Varaždin-Čakovec
Varaždin-Čakovec
1983-84 Varaždin

III. regionalna nogometna liga Varaždin 1983./84.


Derek Saunders (født 6. januar 1928, død 3. marts 2018) var en engelsk fodboldspiller (halfback).

Saunders spillede hele sin professionelle karriere hos Chelsea i London. Her var han i 1955 med til at sikre klubben dens første engelske mesterskab nogensinde.

Saunders nåede ikke at repræsentere det engelske A-landshold, men var en del af landets OL-landshold, der deltog ved OL 1952 i Helsinki.

Titler
Engelsk mesterskab
 1955 med Chelsea

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra England
Fodboldspillere fra Chelsea F.C.

Derek Saunders


Keeper may refer to:

People
 Keeper (surname)
 Archivist
 Beekeeper
 Gamekeeper
 Gatekeeper
 Greenkeeper
 Keeper of the Privy Purse
 Keeper of the Royal Archives
 Legal guardian
 Lighthouse keeper
 Museum curator
 Prison warden
 Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
 Zookeeper

Sports
 Goalkeeper, a player who protects a goal
 Quarterback keeper, a slang term for a play in American football
 Wicket-keeper, a position in cricket

Literature
 Keeper: Living with Nancy, a 2009 biographical book by Andrea Gillies
 Keeper (Peet novel), a 2003 sports novel by Mal Peet
 Keeper (Appelt novel), a 2010 novel by Kathi Appelt

Video games
 In Homeworld 2, Keepers are deadly destroyers built by the ancient Progenitors
 In Thief (series) games, a Keeper is a member of a secret society who are charged with "keeping the balance" of power even within The City
 The Keepers (Mass Effect), a fictional artificial species from the BioWare game Mass Effect
 Keepers, an artificial life-forms that protect the Earth in the Nintendo game Sin & Punishment: Star Successor
 The Keeper, a playable character in the game The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth introduced in the Afterbirth DLC

Other
 Keeper (film), a 2015 film
 Keeper (chemistry) a small quantity of solvent added in an evaporative procedure to prevent analyte loss
 "Keeper", a 2022 song by Tobi and Manny Brown
 The Keepers, English title of Head Against the Wall, a 1959 French drama film directed by Georges Franju
 Keeper (password manager)
 Keeper Hill, an Irish mountain
 In the game of Quidditch from Harry Potter, a position that defends the goal hoops
 Keeper (Transformers), a comics character
 Keeper, see Drakh, a parasitic creature in the universe of Babylon 5
 Magnet keeper
 Menstrual cup
 Strike plate of a door latch
 Keeper, a space wizard from the TV show Dino Charge

See also
 Goalkeeper (disambiguation)
 Keepers (disambiguation)
 The Keeper (disambiguation)

Keeper


ايكولوجية الحديقة الصناعية (ا.ح.ص) هو مجمع صناعي للشركات تتعاون مع بعضها البعض ومع المجتمع المحلي وذلك في محاولة للحد من الهدر والتلوث، وبكفاءة عالية في تقاسم الموارد (مثل المعلومات، المواد، المياه، الطاقة، البنية التحتية، والموارد الطبيعية)، وتساعد على تحقيق التنمية المستديمة، مع الانتباه إلى المكاسب الاقتصادية المتزايدة وتحسين نوعية البيئة. ايكولوجية الحديقة الصناعية ممكن ان تكون خططت وصممت وبنيت في طريقة تجعل التعاون بين الشركات أسهل، وهذا يؤدي إلى التحسن المالي، والمشاريع الصديقة للبيئة للمطورين.

كتيب ايكولوجية الحديقة الصناعية  ينص على أن
«ايكولوجية الحديقة الصناعة هو مجتمع من الصناعات التحويلية والخدماتية يقعان معاً على اساس الخواص المشتركة، اعضائها يبحثون عن بيئة واقتصاد واداء اجتماعي معزز عن طريق التعاون في إدارة القضايا البيئية والموارد.»

استنادا إلى مفاهيم البيئة الصناعية، فإن الاستراتيجيات التعاونية لا تشمل فقط خلق نوع من التفاعل المنتج («تحويل النفايات إلى علف»)، ولكن يمكن أيضا أن تتخذ الاشكال التالية: مياه الصرف الصحي والخدمات اللوجستية المشتركة والشحن ومرافق استقبال، مواقف السيارات العامة، الكتل التكنولوجية الشرائية الخضراء، المباني التحديثية الخضراء متعددة الشركاء، أنظمة طاقة المناطق، ومراكز التعليم والموارد المحلية. هذا هو أحد التطبيقات لهذا النظام الممنهج، والذي تكون فيه التصاميم والعمليات/الانشطة مكاملة لمجموعة محددة من الاهداف.

ايكولوجية الحديقة الصناعية يمكن تطويرها كمشاريع تأسيس الأراضي، حيث أن نوايا الايكولوجية ظاهرة في جميع أنحاء التخطيط والتصميم ومراحل البناء في الموقع، أو من خلال وضع استراتيجيات جديدة في التعديل التحديثي والتطورات الصناعية القائمة.

"التكافل الصناعي" هو مفهوم ذو صلة بالمفهوم السابق ولكن مفهوم محدود أكثر في الشركات التي تتعاون في المنطقة للاستفادة من بعضها البعض والمنتجات وغير ذلك من تقاسم الموارد. في غولدنبرغغولدنبرغ، الدنمارك تكافل بشبكة نقل تصل بين محطة طاقة كهربائية بقدرة 1500 ميغا واط مع المجتمع والشركات الأخرى. الحرارة الفائضة من هذه المحطة تستخدم لتدفئة 3500 منزل محلي إضافة إلى مزرعة سمكية قريبة حيث يباع الحمأة «راسب طيني» فيها كسماد. البخار من محطة الطاقة يباع لالنوفو نورديسك، وهي شركة مصنعة للادوية والأنزيمات، بالإضافة إلى محطة ستاتويل. إعادة استخدام هذه الحرارة يقلل من كمية التلوث الحراري الموثر على المضيق البحري القريب منه. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، منتج الثانوي من محطة توليد الكهرباء وهو غاز ثاني أكسيد الكبريت الخالص الغسيل يحتوي على الجبس، والذي يتم بيعه إلى الشركة المصنعة للخزانات. تقريبا كل احتياجات الشركات المصنعة من الجبس يتمل تلبيتها بهذه الطريقة، مما يقلل من كمية حفر أماكن مخصصة لوضع الجبس فيها.وعلاوة على ذلك، الرماد المتطاير، والخبث من محطة توليد الكهرباء يتم تحسينها من اجل استخدامها لبناء الطرق وإنتاج الأسمنت.

فيديو توضيحي لتجربة الدنمارك في التكافل الصناعي

مخطط توضيحي لتطور هذا المفهوم بدءاً من العام 1961

التكافل الصناعي في غولدنبرغ لم ينشأ بوصفه مبادرة من أعلى إلى أسفل، ولكن بدلا من ذلك تطورت تدريجيا. وبما أن اللوائح البيئية أصبحت أكثر صرامة، كان دافع الشركات خفض تكاليف الامتثال، وتحويل منتجاتها إلى منتجات اقتصادية.

الايكولوجية تشير أيضا إلى ان الحدائق الصناعية كانت منهجاً اخضرا تجاه البنية التحتية وتطوير المواقع.هذا ويمكن أن تشمل البنية التحتية الخضراء ذات العلاقة بأنظمة الطاقة المتجددة وهي؛ مياه الأمطار، المياه الجوفية وإدارة المياه المستعملة؛ سطح الطرق، وطلبات إدارة النقل. ممارسات الابنية الخضراء ممكن ان تشجع أو تغطى مالياً.

الايكولوجيات غالبا ما تستخدم كحافز للتنويع الاقتصادي في المجتمع أو المنطقة التي تقع فيها. مستأجري المراسي، مثل حيوي قائم على المنتجات المصنعة أو تحويل النفايات إلى مرافق الطاقة، وما إلى ذلك، يمكن اجتذاب الأعمال التكميلية والموردين، والقمامات / إعادة التدوير، ومقدمي الخدمات والمستعملين النهائيين وغيرها من الشركات التي يمكن أن تستفيد من استراتيجيات الايكولوجية الصناعية.

في كندا، ايكولوجية الحدائق الصناعية موجودة في جميع أنحاء البلاد وتتمتع بعض النجاح. وأفضل مثال على ذلك هو بيرن سايد بارك، في هاليفاكس في نوفا سكوتيا. بدعم من مركز الكفاءة الايكولوجية في جامعة دالهوزي، أكثر من 1500 شركة حسّنت ادائها البيئي وطوّرت ارباحها التشاركية.في وقت لاحق، اثنان من تطورات مجالات الصناعة الخضراء ظهرا في البيرتا} : حديقة تيكانوفا الصناعية وهي في قلب رمل النفظ أثاباسكاي، في حين حديقة انوفيستا صناعية  هي المدخل إلى جبال روكي غرب ~ 300 km إدمونتون.

ويقترح أن تكون ايكولوجية الحديقة الصناعية مستخدمة كوسيلة من وسائل النمو في قطاع الطاقة المتجددة. في حالة وجود محطات الطاقة الشميسة والضوئية، ايكولوجية الحديقة الصناعية يمكن أن تزيد من كفاءة الإنتاج لجعلها أفضل اقتصاديا، مع الحد من الآثار البيئية لإنتاج الخلايا الشمسية في نفس الوقت.في الجوهر، وهذا يساعد على نمو صناعة الطاقة المتجددة والفوائد البيئية التي تأتي مع استبدال أنواع الوقود الأحفوري.

المصادر

للمزيد من المطالعة
 ««تحضير ادنة الاسفلت». فينشر ألبرتا. أغسطس، 2008.
 «مناطق الحدائق الصناعية: المحافظة على ثروة من التطورات الصناعية''. بناء المجتمعات المستدامة الإلكتروني زين. يناير 2009.
 «ايكو المجمعات الصناعية ارتفاع في شعبية«. مجلة بيزنس إيدج. نوفمبر، 2008.

الروابط الخارجية
 النيلي التنمية البيئية حديقة صناعية صفحة وكتيب
 القائمة وتطوير حديقة صناعية صديقة للمواقع في الولايات المتحدة
 الصناعية التكافل النشر
 التكافل في العمل الصناعي
 الانبعاثات الصفرية للأبحاث والمبادرات
 حديقة تيغانوفا الصناعية في فورت ماكموراي، أب، كندا
 حديقة انو فيستا الصناعية في هينتون، أب، كندا
 الكفاءة الإيكولوجية في مركز الزوالف، ونوفا سكوتيا، كندا

إيكولوجيا صناعية
بيئة صناعية
مجمعات صناعية
مواقع تدوير النفايات

إيكولوجية الحديقة الصناعية


L'épingle à cheveux en or de la tombe du roi Muryeong est une épingle à cheveux en forme d'oiseau volant trouvée dans la tombe du roi Muryeong. C'est l'un des trésors nationaux de la Corée du Sud, le n°159.

Description
Il s'agit d'une épingle à chignon en or découverte dans le cercueil en bois du roi Muryeong lors des fouilles de la tombe du roi Muryeong. Elle a la forme d'un triangle inversé avec une partie supérieure large et une partie inférieure étroite. Compte tenu de ses trois longues extrémités inférieures en forme d'épingle, on pense qu'elle était fixée dans les cheveux. La partie supérieure du triangle inversé a la forme d'un oiseau aux ailes déployées, et les 3 bâtonnets du bas ressemblent aux longues queues d'un oiseau. Dans l'ensemble Des motifs floraux sont imprimés sur les ailes droite et gauche. Des motifs de vigne sont placés de manière dense et symétrique sous les motifs floraux. Le bord de la tête et de l'aile de l'oiseau est décoré d'une ligne de nombreux petits points ciselés. Les motifs de l'ornement du chignon sont tous représentés par la méthode du tachul, qui consiste à réaliser des motifs en relief sur une plaque en frappant le dos de la plaque. Des lignes ciselées sont également utilisées pour les détails.

Articles connexes
 Épingle à cheveux chinoise
 Kanzashi
 Binyeo

Références

Bijou pour la tête
Bijou célèbre
Trésor national en Corée du Sud
Oiseau dans l'art

Épingle à cheveux en or de la tombe du roi Muryeong


Troia kazıları Manfred Korfmann başkanlığında 1988 yılından beri bu isim altında yönetilmektedir. Prof. Dr. Korfmann'ın 2005 yılında ölümünden sonra projenin yürütücülüğünü Ernst Pernicka üstlenmiştir. Projenin ana merkezi Tübingen Üniversitesi Tarihöncesi Enstitüsü'nde yer almaktadır. Brian Rose (Cincinnati Üniversitesi), birçok birey ve enstitünün katıldığı bir uluslararası takımın işbirliği  içinde proje sürdürülmüştür. Proje üyeleri burada akademik çalışmalarını sürdürmektedir. Kazılar (ve proje) 2012 yılına dek Ernst Pernicka (Tübingen Üniversitesi) başkanlığında yürütülmüş olup analizler ve sonuçların makalelerinin yayımlanması devam etmektedir. 2013 yılından itibaren Rüstem Aslan (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi) kazı lisanasına sahip olup araştırmaları devam ettirmektedir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Troia Projesi

Proje

Troya Projesi


There are a number of lists of fictional species:

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Legendary creatures of the Argentine Northwest region
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 List of fictional plants

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3. ŽNL Koprivničko-križevačka u sezoni 2017./18. predstavlja 3. rang županijske lige u Koprivničko-križevačkoj županiji, te ligu sedmog ranga hrvatskog nogometnog prvenstva.
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The white-throated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) also known as the white-breasted kingfisher is a tree kingfisher, widely distributed in Asia from the Sinai east through the Indian subcontinent to China and Indonesia. This kingfisher is a resident over much of its range, although some populations may make short distance movements. It can often be found well away from water where it feeds on a wide range of prey that includes small reptiles, amphibians, crabs, small rodents and even birds. During the breeding season they call loudly in the mornings from prominent perches including the tops of buildings in urban areas or on wires.

Taxonomy
The white-throated kingfisher is one of the many birds that were first formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He coined the binomial name Alcedo smyrnensis. Linnaeus cited Eleazar Albin's Natural History of Birds published in 1738 that included a description and a plate of the "Smirna Kingfisher". The present genus Halcyon was introduced by the English naturalist and artist William John Swainson in 1821. Halcyon is a name for a bird in Greek mythology  generally associated with the kingfisher. The specific epithet smyrnensis is an adjective for the town of Izmir in Turkey.

Five subspecies are recognised:

 H. s. smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758) – south Turkey to north east Egypt, Iraq to northwest India
 H. s. fusca (Boddaert, 1783) – west India and Sri Lanka
 H. s. perpulchra Madarász, 1904 – Bhutan to east India, Indochina, the Malay Peninsula and west Java
 H. s. saturatior Hume, 1874 – Andaman Islands
 H. s. fokiensis Laubmann & Götz, 1926 – south and east China, Taiwan and Hainan

The brown-breasted kingfisher (H. gularis) of the Philippines is usually now considered as a separate species. Support for this treatment was provided by a molecular study published in 2017 that found that H. s. gularis was more closely related to the Javan kingfisher (H. cyanoventris) than it was to the white-throated kingfisher. They were split as distinct species by the IUCN Red List and BirdLife International in 2014, and the International Ornithological Congress followed suit in 2022. The races H. s. perpulchra and H. s. fokiensis are sometimes included in H. s. fusca.

Local names include Baluchistan: aspi chidok; Sindhi: dalel; Hindi: kilkila, kourilla; Himachal Pradesh: neela machhrala; Punjabi: wadda machhera; Bengali: sandabuk machhranga; Assamese: māsorokā, মাছৰোকা; Cachar: dao natu gophu; Gujarati: kalkaliyo, safedchati kalkaliyo; Marathi: khundya; Tamil: vichuli; Telugu: lakmuka, buchegadu; Malayalam: ponman; Kannada: Minchulli(ಮಿಂಚುಳ್ಳಿ),rajamatsi; Sinhalese: pilihuduwa.

Description

This is a large kingfisher,  in length. The adult has a bright blue back, wings and tail. Its head, shoulders, flanks and lower belly are chestnut, and the throat and breast are white. The large bill and legs are bright red. The flight of the white-throated kingfisher is rapid and direct, the short rounded wings whirring. In flight, large white patches are visible on the blue and black wings. Sexes are similar, but juveniles are a duller version of the adult.

This species forms a superspecies with Halcyon cyanoventris and most major works recognize four geographic races. They vary clinally in size, the shades of blue on the mantle which is more greenish in smyrnensis and fusca and more blue or purplish in saturatior. H. s. gularis of the Philippines has only the neck and throat white. It is sometimes treated as a distinct species, H. gularis. Race fusca is found in Peninsular India and Sri Lanka and is slightly smaller, bluer and with a darker brown underside than the nominate race found in northwestern India. Race saturatior is found in the Andaman Islands and is larger with darker brown underparts. Race perpulchra (not always recognized) is found in northeastern India and is smaller than fusca with paler underparts. Albinism has been noted on occasion.

Distribution and habitat
The white-throated kingfisher is a common species in a variety of habitats, mostly open country in the plains (but has been seen at 7500 ft in the Himalayas) with trees, wires or other perches. The range of the species is expanding.

This kingfisher is widespread and populations are not threatened. Average density of 4.58 individuals per km2. has been noted in the Sundarbans mangroves.

Behaviour and ecology

Breeding
The white-throated kingfisher begins breeding at the onset of the Monsoons. Males perch on prominent high posts in their territory and call in the early morning. The tail may be flicked now and in its courtship display the wings are stiffly flicked open for a second or two exposing the white wing mirrors. They also raise their bill high and display the white throat and front. The female in invitation makes a rapid and prolonged kit-kit-kit... call. The nest is a tunnel (50 cm long, but a nest with a 3-foot tunnel has been noted) in an earth bank. The nest building begins with both birds flying into a suitable mud wall until an indentation is made where they can find a perch hold. They subsequently perch and continue digging the nest with their bills. Nest tunnels in a haystack have also been recorded. A single clutch of 4–7 round white eggs is typical. The eggs take 20–22 days to hatch while the chicks fledge in 19 days.

Feeding and diet

It perches conspicuously on wires or other exposed perches within its territory, and is a frequent sight in south Asia. This species mainly hunts large crustaceans, insects, earthworms, rodents, lizards, snakes, fish and frogs. Predation of small birds such as the Indian white-eye, chick of a red-wattled lapwing, sparrows and munias have been reported. The young are fed mostly on invertebrates. In captivity, it has been noted that it rarely drinks water although bathing regularly.

Movements

Birds have sometimes been seen attracted to lights at night, especially during the monsoon season, suggesting that they are partly migratory.

Mortality
With a powerful bill and rapid flight, these kingfishers have few predators when healthy and rare cases of predation by a black kite and a jungle crow may be of sick or injured birds. An individual found dead with its beak embedded into the wood of a tree has been suggested as an accident during rapid pursuit of prey, possibly an Indian white-eye. A few parasites have been noted.

In the 1800s these birds were hunted for their bright feathers that were used to adorn hats. It is the State bird of West Bengal.

References

Further reading

 Oommen, M; Andrews, MI (1998) Food and feeding habits of the Whitebreasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis. Chap. 19. In: Birds in Agricultural Ecosystem. (Eds: Dhindsa, MS; Rao, P Syamsunder; Parasharya, BM) Society for Applied Ornithology, Hyderabad, 132–136.

External links

 White-throated kingfisher videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
 Singapore birds

white-throated kingfisher
Birds of the Middle East
Birds of South China
Birds of Hainan
Birds of South Asia
Birds of Southeast Asia
Symbols of West Bengal
white-throated kingfisher
white-throated kingfisher

White-throated kingfisher


Passini est un patronyme pouvant désigner :
  (1798–1874), un graveur et lithographe autrichien ;
 Ludwig Passini (1832–1903), peintre autrichien, fils de Johann Nepomuk ;
 Rita Passini (1882–1976), plasticienne autrichienne, nièce de Ludwig ;

Passini


Deux navires de lUS Navy'' ont été nommés USS Sea Devil''' :

 L' est un sous-marin de classe Balao lancé en 1944 ;
 L' est un sous-marin de classe Sturgeon lancé en 1967.

Sea Devil

USS Sea Devil