La famille d'Escorbiac, ou de Scorbiac, appartient à la noblesse du Bas-Quercy. Elle est connue à Montauban depuis le commencement du .

Histoire

Origine
D'après une tradition elle serait originaire de la Saintonge et descendrait de celle des anciens seigneurs du château de Scorbiac, près de Saintes, détruit pendant les guerres de Religion.

Régis Valette écrit que cette famille est originaire du Bas-Quercy (Montauban), qu'elle a été anoblie par charge au parlement de Toulouse au , qu'elle a été titrée baron en 1811.

Gustave Chaix d'Est-Ange fait également débuter l'histoire de cette famille à Montauban.

Des fonctions civiles et religieuses
La généalogie de la famille de Scorbiac que détaille Gustave Chaix d'Est-Ange montre qu'aux  et  plusieurs de ses membres occupèrent des fonctions locales non anoblissantes (notaire, greffier, consul, lieutenant particulier, juge mage, lieutenant civil et criminel) et s'allièrent avec des familles bourgeoises ou encore de secrétaires du roi.

La famille compte également des religieuses, un vicaire général du diocèse de Montauban, des consuls, un trésorier général de France au bureau des finances de Montauban, un maire de Montauban en 1848, des conseillers généraux du Tarn-et-Garonne, un gentilhomme d'honneur du roi de Danemark, décédé en 1731.

Des fonctions judiciaires importantes
Du  à la fin de l'Ancien Régime plusieurs de ses membres furent conseillers et magistrats au parlement de Toulouse et un autre fut avocat général en la Cour des aides de Montauban.

Plusieurs membres de la famille ont participé à la chambre de l'Édit, instaurée à Castres. On peut citer : Guichard d'Escorbiac à la fin du , son fils : Samuel de Scorbiac de 1631 à 1638, Thomas (son fils), de 1638 à 1671, Samuel fils, de 1671 à 1679.

Anoblissement
Gustave Chaix d'Est-Ange écrit que Guichard d'Escorbiac (1527-1608) fut anobli par les fonctions qu'il exerça. Selon la généalogie il semble vraisemblable que ce soit un anoblissement par Henri IV qui était alors roi de Navarre. En effet Guichard d'Escorbiac a été  nommé conseiller à la chambre de l'Édit par ce roi en 1578 et 1580. Il ajoute que de lui deux branches sont nées : la branche aînée fut maintenue noble en 1667 et s'éteignit au , la branche cadette fut maintenue noble en 1697 sur preuves de 1578.

Régis Valette écrit pour sa part que la famille de Scorbiac a été anoblie au  par des fonctions exercées au parlement de Toulouse. Les documents d'archives indiquent en effet que plusieurs membres de la famille ont été conseillers au sein de ce parlement durant ce siècle. Cet auteur n'a pas dû tenir compte à juste titre de l'anoblissement de 1578 qui fut le fait d'Henri IV roi de Navarre et non encore roi de France.

Généalogie
La filiation remonte à Raymond d'Escorbiac dont Gustave Chaix d'Est-Ange indique la descendance:

Personnalités

 Guichard d'Escorbiac (1527 - 1608), consul de Montauban. Il est successivement avocat à Montauban à partir de 1550, membre de la Chambre de justice souveraine en 1574, conseiller au parlement et chambre de l'Édit de Castres jusqu'en 1606. Maître des requêtes de l'hôtel d'Henri III, roi de Navarre en 1578, membre de son conseil privé en 1580 et, enfin, surintendant général de ses finances en 1580. Il est anobli par ces charges.

 Jean d'Escorbiac, Sgr de Bayonette (1564 - 1652), lieutenant particulier au siège de Montauban, et il est lui-même poète. Il est l'auteur de la Christiade en 1613. Nommé en 1624 gentilhomme ordinaire de la chambre du roi.

 Casimir de Scorbiac, né en 1796 et décédé en 1846. Il est prêtre, aumônier de l'Université, directeur du collège de Juilly, cofondateur du journal l'Université catholique, vicaire général du diocèse de Bordeaux et de Montauban en 1841.

Alliances
Les principales alliances de la famille de Scorbiac sont : Alies, d'Elbreil, de Garrisson,

Armoiries

Titre
Baron d'Empire en 1811, par lettres patentes de Napoléon Ier.

Demeures & châteaux
 Hôtel de Scorbiac, à Montauban. Par mariage de Marie Alies (propriétaire du château) avec Maurice-Jean-Jacques de Scorbiac en 1782.

 Le château de Lustrac, par le mariage de Jean-Guichard avec Marie de Garrisson (héritière du château) en 1689. Le château reste propriété de Scorbiac jusqu'à la Révolution française.

 Le Château Martel à Réalville, appartient à Maurice Jean-Jacques Scorbiac en 1830.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Liste des familles subsistantes de la noblesse française (L à Z)
 Liste des familles de la noblesse française d'Ancien Régime (L à Z)
 Armorial des familles de Gascogne et Guyenne

Liens externes

Personnalité liée à Montauban
Patronyme français
Famille noble française
Histoire du Quercy

Famille de Scorbiac


Marek Richard Mann (auch: Marek Mann) (* 4. Mai 1942 in Lemberg)  ist ein deutscher Maler, Graphiker, Illustrator und Kinderbuchautor.

Leben
Mann studierte in den Jahren 1962 bis 1968 Grafik bei Henryk Tomaszewski und Waclaw Waskowski, Buchillustration bei Jan Marcin Szancer sowie Malerei bei Juliusz Studnicki und Stanislaw Poznanski an der Akademie der Bildenden Künste Warschau. 1968 schloss er diese mit einem Magister ab. In den Jahren 1967 bis 1975 arbeitete er als Maler, Grafiker und Illustrator.

Von 1975 bis 2016 ist Marek Mann als freischaffender Maler und Grafiker in Köln tätig. Er entwirft Plakate, Cover für Platten, Buchumschläge, illustriert Zeitschriften und Bücher, darunter 48 Kinderbücher, bei denen er meist auch Autor ist. Als Jazz-Drummer nahm Mann an zahlreichen Konzerten und Musikaufnahmen teil. Der Zyklus "Jam Session" ist eine Verbindung seiner beiden Passionen. Seit 2016 lebt und arbeitet Marek Mann in Brasilien.

Werke (Auswahl)
 mit Anja Usemann und Wolf-Ingo Usemann: Zauberlehrling Zilla. Zweipunkt-Verlag, Neu-isenburg, 1981, ISBN 3-88168-907-9
 mit Hannelore Kügl: Einmal rechts – einmal links. Zweipunkt-Verlag, Neu-Isenburg, 1982, ISBN 3-88168048-9
 mit Brita Nasarski: Zölestin: Ein Märchen für Erwachsene. Westkreuz-Verlag, Berlin, Bonn, Bad Münstereifel-Hummerzheim, 1984, ISBN 3-922131-22-0
 Ellenlang und stoppelkurz. Pestalozzi-Verlag, Erlangen, 1986, ISBN 3-614-22502-X
 Rasendschnell und schneckenlangsam. Pestalozzi-Verlag, Erlangen, 1986, ISBN 3-614-22503-8
 Schlafe, mein Prinzchen ... und andere Lieder zur guten Nacht. Pestalozzi-Verlag, Erlangen, 1987, ISBN 3-614-28052-7
 Ri-ra-rutsch und andere Kinderlieder. Pestalozzi-Verlag, Erlangen, 1987, ISBN 3-614-28051-9
 Was hörst du?. Pestalozzi-Verlag, Erlangen, 1988, ISBN 3-614-26561-7
 Was siehst du?. Pestalozzi-Verlag, Erlangen, 1988, ISBN 3-614-26562-5
 Was kannst du?. Pestalozzi-Verlag, Erlangen, 1988, ISBN 3-614-26563-3
 Was weißt du?. Pestalozzi-Verlag, Erlangen, 1988, ISBN 3-614-26564-1
 Dino, der Saurier: eine Geschichte. Mangold Verlag, Graz, 1991, ISBN 3-900301-72-7
 Schnürsenkelchen. Pestalozzi Verlag 2000, ISBN 3-6143-8371-7

Weblinks

 rp-online.de: Die Köpfe der Legenden, abgerufen am 22. Mai 2012

Einzelnachweise

Grafiker (Deutschland)
Illustrator (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1942
Mann

Marek Richard Mann


Edwin Rahrs Vej er en større byvej i Aarhus der strækker sig fra den ydre ringvej Ring 2 til rundkørslen ved Logistikparken, hvor Herningmotorvejen begynder. Vejen løber igennem boligområderne Gellerupparken, Brabrand og Helenelyst på sydsiden, mens nordsiden mest er præget af Bazar Vest, en del industri, en genbrugsstation samt Brabrand Moské. Det meste af vejen er tosporet, dog er der flere vognbaner ved Gellerup.

Historie
Edwin Rahrs Vej er opkaldt efter jern og ståldynastiet Rahr i Aarhus, hvoraf stifteren Edwin Rahr boede i Brabrand. Firmaet, der gik i betalingsstandsning i 1910, blev senere til tre firmaer: Rahrs tekniske Forening, der sluttede sit virke i Brabrand, hvor nu Den Danske Bank har sin tekniske afdeling. Desuden Brødrene Kier, som videreførte jernafdelingen i Mindegade, samt C. Hofman & Co. som blev oprettet af tre medarbejdere fra det likviderede firma og er beliggende på Edwin Rahrs Vej i Brabrand. I dag hedder firmaet Sanistål A/S.

Kilder og henvisninger

Gader i Aarhus
Indfaldsveje i Danmark

Edwin Rahrs Vej


La doctrine Primakov est une doctrine géopolitique russe élaborée dans les années 1990. Elle tire son nom du ministre des Affaires étrangères russe Ievgueni Primakov de 1996 à 1998. La « doctrine Primakov » s'articule autour de trois idées forces : premièrement, la Russie ne peut être réduite à une puissance européenne moyenne, deuxièmement le monde post-guerre froide sera multipolaire et non pas dominé par les seuls États-Unis, et en troisième lieu la Russie a un droit de regard privilégié sur les anciennes RSS qualifiées d'« étranger proche ».

Contexte

Caractéristiques de la doctrine Primakov
La doctrine Primakov consiste à conduire une diplomatie triangulaire en nouant des liens forts avec Pékin de manière à retrouver des marges de manœuvre dans les relations avec Washington et les Européens, dans une période d'unilatéralisme américain où les Russes manœuvrent moins aisément leur influence économique, politique, énergétique et commerciale et jouent sur les différends entre les États-Unis et l'Union européenne afin de renforcer leurs propres positions.

Le « partenariat stratégique » est noué avec la Chine dès avril 1996 par Boris Eltsine. Il s'agit donc de rendre le monde multipolaire en développant les relations avec les pays d'Europe occidentale qui souhaitent être complètement indépendants des États-Unis, mais aussi de se tourner vers la Chine et l'Inde. Malgré tout, aucune vraie politique commune n'a été mise en place pendant cette période entre la Russie et ses voisins asiatiques. Pour Primakov, la Russie devait avoir une politique indépendante à l'égard de l'Irak, de l'Iran et de la Yougoslavie.

La doctrine Primakov donne la priorité à l'intérêt national russe et n'accepte pas de voir la Russie être le jouet de la politique des États-Unis et du bloc occidental hérité de la Guerre froide, tout en évitant les tensions et la confrontation. Ievgueni Primakov voulait « prendre une position très négative à l'égard d'une extension de l'OTAN aux anciens pays du Pacte de Varsovie et faire de l'Alliance atlantique – qui n'englobe tout de même pas toute l'humanité– l'un des axes, parmi d'autres, du nouveau système mondial ». La doctrine Primakov est un changement de paradigme géopolitique, qui vise avant tout les États-Unis et l'Europe occidentale, et ne se met en place que lentement en raison de la faiblesse persistante de l'économie russe. En France, l'orientation de la politique étrangère menée par Jacques Chirac très favorable au renforcement des liens avec la Russie, maintient les relations franco-russes à un haut niveau de cordialité et même de convergence sur la plupart des dossiers. Ainsi Chirac soutient la réélection de Boris Eltsine en 1996.

Ievgueni Primakov considère que les efforts d'apaisement et de rapprochement avec l'ancien adversaire (les États-Unis) n'ont pas permis de récolter les fruits escomptés. Il privilégie donc les intérêts nationaux de la Russie et se positionne contre l'« unilatéralisme » américain (ce qui lui vaut une grande popularité en Russie). De manière générale, une ligne plus distante s'établit entre Moscou et Washington. Dans ce cadre, l'avancée de l'OTAN dans l'espace d'influence autrefois inféodé à Moscou, comme les pays baltes, est perçue comme une sorte de fer de lance anti-russe.

Enfin, Primakov souhaite intégrer la Russie dans la mondialisation, sortir son pays de l'isolement économique.

Résultats
La mise en œuvre de la doctrine Primakov a été limitée : elle a pourtant été le fondement de la politique extérieure russe pendant le second mandat de Boris Eltsine, alors que Primakov était le Premier ministre à partir de septembre 1998. Selon Vyacheslav Nikonov,  Sous le mandat de Primakov, le G7 a intégré la Russie pour devenir le G8, la Russie est entrée dans les clubs de Paris et de Londres. Enfin, le Traité de partenariat et de coopération avec l'Union européenne a été ratifié. Mais la « doctrine Primakov » s'est heurtée à l'élargissement de l'OTAN, à la crise irakienne de 1997-1998, ainsi qu'au conflit contre la Yougoslavie. Pour chacun de ces trois événements géopolitiques, Moscou a dû reculer et accepter des compensations symboliques. Ainsi l'Union européenne a proposé de négocier avec la Russie dans le cadre du Conseil consultatif. Le 27 mai 1997, lors du sommet de l'OTAN à Paris, la France, l'OTAN et la Russie ont signé l'acte fondateur sur les relations mutuelles, la coopération et la sécurité.

Références

Doctrine géopolitique
Politique étrangère de la Russie

Doctrine Primakov


Aderus setiger é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por George Charles Champion em 1915.

Distribuição geográfica
Habita no Bornéu.

Referências

setiger
Fauna do Bornéu
Insetos descritos em 1915
Espécies descritas por George Charles Champion

Aderus setiger


An Dapsilanthus spathaceus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Robert Brown, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Barbara Gillian Briggs och Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson. An Dapsilanthus spathaceus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dapsilanthus, ngan familia nga Restionaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dapsilanthus

Dapsilanthus spathaceus


Power Rangers Time Force is a television series and the ninth season of the Power Rangers franchise, based on the 24th Super Sentai series Mirai Sentai Timeranger, running for 40 half-hour episodes from February to November 2001. It was the last season to be distributed by Saban Entertainment.

Originally, a Time Force film was planned, but ultimately went unproduced in light of the commercial failure of Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie and the purchase of the franchise by Disney. However, Buena Vista Home Entertainment did release the series' final four episodes as a film-length home video in 2002 entitled The End of Time. A video game based on the series was released in November 2001 for PlayStation, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance.

Plot
In the year 3000, Time Force is a police agency that deals with the crimes of mutants, outcasts of society who have developed super powers. Ransik, one of the most dangerous of the mutants, is arrested and sentenced to life for his crimes including murder and the plan to travel back in time to take over the world. However, after sentencing, he escapes and manages to go back in time to 2001, but seemingly kills Alex, the Red Time Force Ranger, in the process. Alex's fiancée Jennifer "Jen" Scotts, as well as Time Force members Lucas Kendall, Katie Walker, and Trip Regis, decide to break protocol and go back in time after Ransik. However, upon arriving in 2001, they find that the rest of their Chrono Morphers are locked, and cannot be used until someone with Alex's DNA uses the Red Ranger morpher. To that end, they travel to the town of Silver Hills, Washington, and find Alex's ancestor Wes Collins, the son of billionaire tech businessman Albert Collins, who unlocks the morphers and then helps them battle Ransik's army of mutants as the Time Force Power Rangers. However, Wes does not initially see eye-to-eye with Jen, who is still upset over Alex's death.

As Ransik continues his quest for total domination of Earth, archaeologists discover a box that, unknown to them, contains the Quantum Ranger morpher and powers. Both Ransik and the Rangers are well aware of its contents, and make attempts to retrieve it. This leads to the team crossing paths with the Silver Guardians, a private security force organized by Wes's father to make a profit protecting the city's wealthy citizens, and the box eventually falls into the hands of Silver Guardians member, Eric Myers, Wes' old rival from prep school. Eric activates the power, and becomes the Quantum Ranger. Eric, however, becomes cocky and irresponsible with his power, forcing Wes and the Rangers to at first, try to get it back from him; however, Eric soon learns the responsibility of using the Quantum Powers and becomes the leader of the Silver Guardians as the Quantum Ranger, and eventually becomes an ally to the Rangers.

Eventually, the Rangers begin receiving help from an unseen ally from the future in the form of the Time Shadow Megazord. Soon, this ally arrives in 2001 and reveals himself to be Alex, stating that he is alive because something the Rangers have done in the present has altered the future, and that he has returned to fix it. Alex reveals to Wes what was meant to happen in the original timeline and encourages him to take action to set it right. Wes reluctantly agrees, and relinquishes control of his morpher to Alex so he can take care of his father's business while his father lays gravely injured in the hospital after being attacked by Ransik. Alex then briefly leads the team, but his relationship with the Rangers becomes strained when they realize Alex has changed. Alex eventually realizes that Wes is the true Red Ranger and having destroyed his relationship with Jen, returns the morpher and returns to the future, but not before he uses future tech to heal Wes's father.

When Ransik makes his final assault on Earth, with a powerful army in large amounts, Alex orders the Rangers to return to the future, for fear that if they hesitate, they may not be able to return at all. Wes, however, would have to remain behind. The Rangers refuse, and fight Ransik alongside Wes, who, knowing his friends can't stay, forces them into returning to 3000, leaving only himself and Eric to stop Ransik, or die trying. When the Rangers return to the future, they learn that Silver Hills was saved, but Wes died in the process. The Rangers are ordered to have their minds erased of their memories from 2001, and encouraged to resume their lives. Angered, Jen returns Alex's engagement ring, and the Rangers return to 2001 to help Wes and Eric. During the final battle, Ransik accidentally injures his daughter Nadira and, ashamed that his hatred almost costed him the one person he cared about, surrenders to the Rangers. Right before the Rangers return Ransik and Nadira to the future, Wes and Jen, having soothed over their initially rocky relationship, profess their love for one another. As the Rangers depart, Wes's father states that he will be offering the Silver Guardians' services for free now, and offers to let Wes lead them. Wes accepts, on the condition that Eric co-leads the Guardians with him, which he accepts, and Wes brings the series to a close with a final remark. "I think the future looks pretty bright."

Cast and characters
Time Force Rangers
Jason Faunt as Wesley "Wes" Collins, the present-day Red Time Force Ranger who shares leadership duties with Jen.
Jason Faunt also portrays Alex Drake, Wesley's descendant and future Red Time Force Ranger.
Michael Copon as Lucas Kendall, the Blue Time Force Ranger.
Kevin Kleinberg as Trip Regis, the Green Time Force Ranger.
Deborah Estelle Philips as Katie Walker, the Yellow Time Force Ranger.
Erin Cahill as Jennifer "Jen" Scotts, the Pink Time Force Ranger and the leader of the team.
 Daniel Southworth as Eric Myers, the Quantum Ranger and the leader of the Silver Guardians.

Supporting characters
Edward Laurence Albert as Mr. Collins, Wes' billionaire father, CEO of Bio-Lab, and founder of the Silver Guardians.
Brianne Siddall as the voice of Circuit, a robotic owl and ally of the Time Force Rangers who serves as their technical advisor.
Douglas Fisher as Phillips, The Collins' butler
Roy Werner as Captain Logan, the supervisor to the Time Force Rangers.
Ken Merckx as Dr. Michael Zaskin, a scientist at Bio-Lab.

Villains
 Vernon Wells as Ransik
Kate Sheldon as Nadira
Eddie Frierson as the voice of Frax
Neil Kaplan as the voice of Gluto

Guest stars
Sean Cw Johnson as Carter Grayson, the Red Lightspeed Ranger.
Michael Chaturantabut as Chad Lee, the Blue Lightspeed Ranger.
Keith Robinson as Joel Rawlings, the Green Lightspeed Ranger.
Sasha Williams as Kelsey Winslow, the Yellow Lightspeed Ranger.
Alison MacInnis as Dana Mitchell, the Pink Lightspeed Ranger.
Rhett Fisher as Ryan Mitchell, the Titanium Ranger.
Jennifer L. Yen as Vypra

Episodes

Awards and nominations

Comics
Characters have been featured in Power Rangers comics published by Boom! Studios.

In 2018, the Time Force Rangers appeared in "Shattered Grid", a crossover event between teams from all eras commemorating the 25th anniversary of the original television series. It was published in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #25-30 and various tie-ins.

In 2020, Power Rangers: Sins of the Future by Matthew Erman, Trey Moore and Giuseppe Cafaro was published. An original graphic novel taking place after the events of the Power Rangers Time Force television series, it features Jen and Wes being pursued by a new  antagonist: the Black Time Force Ranger.

References

External links

Time Force
American time travel television series
Science fantasy television series
2000s American science fiction television series
2000s American time travel television series
2001 American television series debuts
2001 American television series endings
Television series set in 2001
Fiction set in the 30th century
Fox Kids
Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
Television shows filmed in Los Angeles
Television shows filmed in Santa Clarita, California
Television shows set in Washington (state)
Television series set in the future
English-language television shows
Television series by Saban Entertainment
Television series about size change
American children's action television series
American children's adventure television series
American children's fantasy television series
Television shows adapted into video games
Television series created by Haim Saban
Television series about mutants

Power Rangers Time Force


Biljsko jezero je umjetno jezero u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji. Nalazi se južno od Bilja, po kojem je dobilo ime. Ima površinu 56 hektara. Živi u njemu veliki broj vrsta riba, kao šarani, amuri, somi, patuljasti somići, babuške, deverike, jezovi, crvenperke i žutooke.

Izvori

Umjetna jezera u Hrvatskoj

Biljsko jezero


Güneş kütlesi; astronomide diğer yıldızların, yıldız kümesinin, bulutsuların ve gök adaların kütlelerini belirtmede kullanılan, kütlesi yaklaşık 2×1030 kg olan standart bir kütle birimidir. Bu birim için Güneş kütlesi ölçek olarak düşünülmüştür. Yaklaşık iki nonilyon kilograma eşittir:

Bu kütle Dünya'nın kütlesinin 332.946 katı, Jüpiter kütlesinin ise 1.048 katıdır. Dünya'nın Güneş'in etrafında eliptik yörüngede dolanması sebebiyle, Dünya'nın hareketinden yola çıkılarak güneş kütlesi hesaplanabilir. Merkezi bir kütle etrafında dolanan küçük cisimler için yörünge süresi eşitliğinden yararlanarak bulunabilir. Bir yılın uzunluğuna dayanarak, Güneş ile Dünya arasındaki uzaklık (astronomik birim veya AB), kütleçekim sabiti (G) ve Güneş kütlesi aşağıdaki eşitlikle gösterilir:

Kütleçekim sabitinin değeri, Henry Cavendish tarafından  1798 yılında yapılan ölçümlerden sağlanarak elde edilmiştir. Onun bulduğu değer, modern yöntemlerle elde edilen değerden sadece %1 farklı idi. 1761 ve 1769 Venüs geçişi sırasında çok yüksek hassasiyetle Güneş'in ıraklık açısı hesaplanmıştır, 9″ değerindeki verimle (1976 değerini şimdiyle karşılaştırırsak 8.794148″). Eğer ıraklık açısının değerini biliyorsak, Güneş'in Dünya'ya olan uzaklığını geometrik olarak hesaplayabiliriz.

Güneş'in kütlesini ilk tahmin eden kişi Isaac Newton'dur. Principia adlı eserinde, Dünya'nın kütlesinin Güneş'in kütlesine oranının yaklaşık olarak 1/28,700 olduğunu tahmin etti. Daha sonra bulduğu değerin, 1 Astronomik Birim'i tahmin ederken kullandığı ıraklık açısının yanlış değerine dayandığını fark ediyor. Principia adlı eserinin 3. baskısında tahminini düzelterek, oranı 1/169,282 olarak veriyor. Güneş'in ıraklık açısının kesin değeri daha da küçüktür. Tahmini kütlelerin oranı 1/332,946'dır.

Astronomik birim ve kütleçekim sabiti yüksek hassasiyetle hesaplanmadan önce, bir ölçüm birimi olarak Güneş kütlesi kullanılırdı. Bunun nedeni, Güneş Sistemi'indeki başka bir gezegenin  göreceli kütlesi veya ikili kütle sistemleri olan çift yıldızların toplam kütlesi Güneş kütlesi cinsiden direkt olarak hesaplanabiliyordu. Kepler'in 3. Yasası'nı kullanılarak, gezegenin ve yıldızın yörünge yarıçapı astronomik birimler cinsinde, yörünge periyodu ise yıl cinsinden bulunur.

Zaman geçtikçe Güneş'in kütlesi azaldı. Bu yaklaşık olarak eşit miktarlarda iki aşamada gerçekleşir. İlk olarak, Güneş'in merkezinde hidrojen nükleer füzyon ile helyuma dönüşür. Bu tepkime sonunda bir miktar kütle, gama ışını fotonları biçiminde enerjiye dönüşür. Sonunda bu enerjinin çoğu Güneş'ten uzağa yayılır. İkinci olarak, Güneş'in atmosferindeki yüksek enerjili fotonlar ve elektronlar güneş rüzgârı olarak dış uzaya fırlatılır.

Güneş'in Anakol yıldızı olduktan sonraki gerçek kütlesi kesin değildir. Eğer şimdikine oranlarsak Güneş'in ilk hali çok daha fazla kütle kaybediyordu. Doğduğu andaki kütlesinin yüzde 1 ila 7'sini kaybetmiş olabilir. Güneş, Asteroit ve Kuyruklu yıldız etkileri nedeniyle çok az bir kütle kazanır.  Zaten Güneş Sistemi'nin toplam kütlesinin %99,86'sını Güneş oluşturur. O nedenle bu etkiler nedeniyle kazanılan kütle, dış uzaya fırlayan ve ışımayla kaybedilen kütle ile karşılaştırılamaz.

Bağlantılı birimler
Bir Güneş kütlesi, bağlantılı birimlere dönüştürülebilir:
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حي القلعة أحد أحياء مدينة اللاذقية في سوريا يقع هذا الحي في أعلى منطقة في اللاذقية، ويحيط به مجموعة من الأحياء المتفرقة يطلق عليها مشروع القلعة، يضم عدد من الآثار المنتشرة في أنحاء هذا الحي التاريخي مثل المباني والمنازل وجامع تاريخي هو جامع المغربي، في الحي شوارع وممرات قديمة تذكر بزمان مضى وتاريخ عريق لهذا الحي التاريخي، وبالقرب من الجامع يوجد مقام الإمام المغربي وفي ساحة رئيسية تتميز في المناسبات والاعياد المختلفة وخاصة عيد الفطر وعيد الأضحى حيث يظهر الترابط الاجتماعي والتواصل بين سكان الحي جميعاً، وتنتشر المحلات التجارية والدكاكين ومحلات أصحاب الحرف التقليدية بكافة أنواعها، ويوجود في حي القلعة منطقة تاريخية قديمة جميلة تسمى كيدون الأرمن وسكانها من الارمن وكنيسة اثرية قديمة بجوارها أرض اسمها كيدون ومن هنا جاءت تسميتها وهذه الأرض تتبع ملكيتها للكنيسة اليعقوبية الأرمنية في القدس الشريف، وفي المنطقة الواقعة خلف جامع المغربي توجد مقبرة للمسلمين.

سبب التسمية : سبب التسمية يعود لموقعها على هضبة داخل المدينة وتصنّف بأنها أعلى مناطقها ارتفاعًا وتبدو للناظر كقلعة، كان مدفع رمضان يطلق منها.

وصلات خارجية

أحياء اللاذقية
محافظة اللاذقية

حي القلعة


An Anthurium hoffmannii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Anthurium hoffmannii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Anthurium

Anthurium hoffmannii


Santísimo Cristo de la Exaltación
El Santísimo Cristo de la Exaltación (Málaga) pertenece a las Reales Cofradías Fusionadas, siendo uno de los seis titulares de dicha cofradía. La actual imagen es obra del imaginero Francisco Buiza de 1982 y procesiona cada Miércoles Santo por las calles de Málaga.

Historia
La Cofradía de la Exaltación data de 1655 por un testamento encontrado aunque aparece como fundada el 8 de mayo de 1710 y reorganizada en 1749.En los sucesos de 1931 cofradía pierde la Cruz de carey y plata del Stmo. Cristo y el trono, uno de los mejores de aquella época, así como los tres sayones que empujaban a la Cruz desde atrás. Se salva la cabeza del Señor y con ayuda fotográfica, Don Pedro Moreira López, imaginero malagueño, copia el cuerpo destruido. En 1978 se encarga a Antonio Joaquín Dubé de Luque la hechura de los tres sayones y en 1980 vuelve a salir.

Incendio
En la noche del 21 de julio de 1980 la capilla arde, destruyendo gran parte del patrimonio artístico de la cofradía:El Cristo de la Exaltación, La virgen de Lágrimas y Favores, la virgen del Mayor Dolor y el San Juan que la acompaña
Las llamas dejan al Cristo totalmente calcinado. Tras este accidente, se encarga una nueva imagen de la Exaltación, obra de Francisco Buiza,la cual fue donada a la Hermandad por la  Agrupación de Cofradías de Málaga procesionándose ya en 1982. Tras ser presentada en el pregón de Semana Santa que se dio ese año en el Conservatorio Superior de Música y Arte Dramático.

Semana Santa en Málaga
Esculturas de Jesucristo en España

Cristo de la Exaltación (Málaga)


|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align=center
! colspan="4" | Natjecatelj za  Hrvatsku

Vanja Rogulj (Split, 13. veljače 1982.), hrvatski plivač.

Natjecao se na Olimpijskim igrama 2000. Na 100 metara prsno bio je 30.,a u štafeti 4 x 100 metara mješovito osvojio je 14. mjesto. Na OI 2004. bio je 26. na 100 metara prsno, a na 200 metara prsno osvaja 37. mjesto. Na svojim trećim olimpijskim igrama 2008. godine osvojio je 42. mjesto na 100 metara prsno te 12. mjesto u štafeti 4 x 100 metara slobodnim stilom.

Na europskom prvenstvu u kratkim bazenima 2000. godine je osvojio brončanu medalju u štafeti 4 x 50 metara mješovito. U štafeti 4 x 100 metara mješovito osvojio je srebrnu medalju na europskom prvenstvu 2008. Na Mediteranskim igrama 2001. osvojio je zlatnu medalju na 100 metara prsno, a srebrnu medalju na 4 x 100 metara mješovito.

Bio je član splitskih POŠK-a i Mornara te zagrebačke Mladosti.

Izvori

Hrvatski plivači

Vanja Rogulj


تشابيير ألونسو أولانو ، من مواليد 25 نوفمبر 1981 في تولوسا في إسبانيا، مدرب كرة قدم ولاعب إسباني سابق ويدرب حاليًا نادي باير ليفركوزن. سبق وأن لعب مع ريال سوسيداد وليفربول، ريال مدريد، وبايرن ميونخ.

مسيرته مع الأندية
ولد ألونسو لعائلة تعتبر مصدرة للاعبي كرة القدم المميزين، فأبوه بيريكو ألونسو فاز بالدوري الأسباني مرتين مع نادي ريال سوسيداد، ومرة ثالثة بعد انتقاله لبرشلونة الأسباني، كما فاز ب20 مسابقة طوال مسيرته الكروية.
ولد ألونسو في مدينة تولوسا الواقعة في إقليم الباسك شمال أسبانيا، ألونسو عاش أول 6 سنوات من حياته في برشلونة، لكنه سرعان ما انتقل إلى العيش في سان سيباستيان لاحقا. بدأ ألونسو بلمس الكرة على رمال شواطئ الباسك في إسبانيا رفقة أخيه الأكبر مايكل أرتيرا، وأبيهما بيريكو الذي اكتشف أن الإثنين يتمتعان بقدرات تكنيكية عالية. وكبداية لهما، قرر الأب تسجيل تشابي وأخيه مايكل في نادي«سي أي ساباديل» للتدرب مع بعضهما.
درب بيريكو ابنه ألونسو على تمرير الكرة بشكل صحيح مفضلا هذه الميزة على التسديد، وقتها، وفي سن مبكرة أعلن ألونسو عن رغبته في اللعب كلاعب ارتكاز. وفي ال15 من عمره، كان ألونسو وأخوه قد قررا اللعب مع بعضهما في نادي ريال سوسيداد، حيث كانا يلعبان مباريات في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع، وسرعان ما انتقل أخوه أرتيرا للعب في نادي برشلونة الكتلوني لكن تشابي قرر البقاء في صفوف ريال سوسيداد. وفي ال18 من عمره تابع ألونسو لعبه مع سوسيداد حتى أتيحت له أول فرصة للعب مع الفريق ضد فريق لوغرونييز في ديسمبر1999 في بطولة الكوب ديل ري كأس ملك أسبانيا. لكنه بعدها فشل في أن يلعب مرة أخرى مع الفريق. وفي موسم 2000-2001 قام المدرب خافيير كليمينتي بإرسال اللاعب لصفوف نادي إيبار لاكتساب المزيد من الخبرة ثم العودة إلى النادي من جديد. وبعد عام من ذلك، ومع تغيير المدرب ليصبح المدرب الجديد جون توشاك الذي تسلم الفريق وهو في منطقة الهبوط، لكن المدرب كان حكيما حيث أحضر ألونسو من جديد للنادي وعينه قائدا للفريق، حيث استطاع ألونسو قيادة سوسيداد إلى تفادي الهبوط وإنهاء الموسم بالمركز الرابع عشر. توشاك كان فخورا بتصعيده للاعب رائع من فئة الشباب في النادي.
في ريال سوسيداد وتحت رعاية المدرب جون توشاك، الذي طور شخصيته القيادية وقدراته على التحكم بالكرة، لينهي الفريق موسمه 2001-2002 في المركز ال13 في وسط الترتيب حيث لعب ألونسو مع الفريق في ذاك الموسم 30 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفه الأول في الدوري الأسباني. وفي الموسم الذي يليه، ومع تغيير 3 مدربين في موسم واحد كان آخرهم راينالد دينويكس، حافظ ألونسو على مركزه في الفريق بسبب مستواه الرائع الموسم الفائت.

لكن الموسم الأفضل له على الإطلاق مع ريال سوسيداد كان 2002-2003 الذي حقق فيه الفريق أفضل ترتيب منذ موسم 1981-1982 الذي حققوا فيه الليغا آنذاك. في هذا الموسم حققوا المركز الثاني في الترتيب خلف ريال مدريد وحصلوا على مقعد يؤهلهم للعب في دوري أبطال أوروبا للمرة الأولى. ألونسو استلم العديد من الجوائز في ذاك العام أبرزها جائزة مجلة دون بالون الإسبانية لأفضل لاعب إسباني عام 2002-2003. وسجل وقتها 12 هدف في جميع المسابقات التي خاضها آنذاك.
انتقل ألونسو من ريال سوسيداد إلى ليفربول في صيف 2004 مع زميله في المنتخب لويس غارسيا، ليكونا دعامة أساسية في حقبة جديدة لـ ليفربول مع الإسبان، وبالطبع، القائد رافئيل بينيتيز فضل ضم الإسبان «أبناء جلدته»، ونجح بهذا وأحدث ثورة حقيقية بالنادي، أثرت بشكل أو بآخر على المنتخب الإسباني أيضا الذي بدأ بتحقيق النجاحات شيئا فـ شيئا حتى وصوله إلى قمة الهرم الأوروبي..

أول مباراة لـ ألونسو مع ليفربول كانت ضد بولتون واندرارز في ملعب ريبوك في 29 آب \ أغسطس 2004، وخسر فيها ليفربول 1\0، لكن ألونسو تلقى مديح الصحافة والمدرب بعد أدائه الجيد، إلا أن المباراة التي أبرزت موهبة ألونسو حينها كانت ضد فولهام في كأس انكلترا حين أشرك بينيتيز ألونسو والفريق متأخر بهدفين، وبمجهود خرافي من الإسباني استطاع قيادة فريقه لقلب النتيجة إلى فوز الريدز برباعية سجل منها الهدف الثالث وصنع هدفين..

ألونسو واصل مسلسل الإبداع مع ليفربول، وأدت عروضه القوية إلى حمله لشارة القيادة في مباراة الفريق ضد أرسنال بعد إصابة جيرارد، وقاد فريقه حينها للفوز 2-1، وفي نفس العام تعرض ألونسو لإصابة قوية في كاحل القدم في مباراة تشيلسي أبعدته عن الملاعب لثلاثة أشهر..
أما المباراة التي أطلقت ألونسو أوروبيا فقد كانت مباراة ربع نهائي دوري أبطال أوروبا أمام اليوفي الإيطالي، في مباراة معقدة جدا استطاع ألونسو وجيرارد وحدهما بقيادة الفريق إلى تعادل سلبي في إيطاليا جعل من عودتهم إلى الأنفيلد أسهل بكثير، وفي نفس البطولة، شكل ألونسو مع جيرارد ثنائي مرعب في وسط الملعب، وقادا الريدز للوصول إلى النهائي ضد ميلان الإيطالي..

ليفربول الذي أنهى موسمه بالمركز الخامس في البريميرليغ، كان ينتظره مهمة صعبة جدا في نهائي دوري أبطال أوروبا حين واجه ميلانو القوي، الذي تقدم على فريق بينيتيز بثلاثة أهداف مبكرة مع نهاية الشوط الأول، وبعد دقائق مجنونة لم نعرف مثلها حتى يومنا هذا، تمكن ليفربول من تقليص النتيجة إلى 3\2، وفي الدقائق الأخيرة حصل ليفربول على ركلة جزاء، ولم يكن هناك أي أحد يتجرأ على تسديدها إلا ألونسو، الذي استطاع بهدوئه الكبير وضع الكرة في سقف المرمى، تاركا ديدا البرازيلي ينظر للكرة وهي تدخل في الشباك، وفي الشوطين الإضافيين لم يسجل أي طرف، لينقاد الفريقين إلى ضربات الترجيح التي نجح فيها الحارس البولندي دوديك (حارس ريال مدريد حاليا)، بقيادة فريقه للفوز بعد تصديه لكرتين جعلتا فريق ليفربول الإنكليزي صاحب اللمسة الإسبانية بطلا لأوروبا، وهذه البداية المرعبة لـ ألونسو مع ليفربول رسمت في أذهن الجميع صورة مشرقة عن ابن الـ 23 ربيعا في الأنفيلد رود.

2005-2006

لم يكن بجودة الموسم الذي قبله، إلا أن ليفربول لم يرض بالخروج خالي الوفاض ونجح بالحصول على لقب كأس الاتحاد الإنكليزي بعد فوزه بركلات الترجيح على وست هام، وعلى الرغم من تعرض ألونسو لإصابة قوية في نصف النهائي، إلا أن إصابة جيرارد في النهائي أجبرت بينيتيز على المخاطرة وإشراك ألونسو، ونجح ألونسو بقيادة الريدز إلى الفوز بأول لقب كأس اتحاد إنكليزي له. وصول محمد سيسوكو إلى الفريق، جعلت مشاركة ألونسو محط شك خلال الموسم، إلا أن إصابة ستيفين جيرارد القوية جعلت من مشاركة ألونسو أمرا مفروغا منه وخاصة مع اعتماد بينيتيز على لاعبي ارتكاز، ولعب ألونسو في كل مباريات الفريق في دوري الأبطال إلا أن الفريق خسر في ربع النهائي أمام بنفيكا وودع البطولة..

في 8 يونيو 2007، مدد ألونسو عقده مع الريدز حتى عام 2012، وهذا العقد أنهى كل الشائعات التي كانت تروج عن انتقاله إلى يوفنتوس الإيطالي، وبالفعل أثبت ألونسو أن رهان بينيتيز عليه كان في محله، ولعب دورا محوريا في الفريق في ذلك الموسم، إلا أن الإصابات المتتالية التي لحقت بألونسو جعلت منه اللاعب الثاني في مركزه بعد التألق الكبير للأرجنتيني خافيير ماسكيرانو.

ألونسو عاد من الإصابة مع بداية عام 2008، وخلال الأشهر الأولى من العام الجديد لاقى ألونسو منافسة شديدة للحصول على مكان أساسي مع وجود المتألقين ماسكيرانو ولوكاس لييفا، إلا أن ألونسو أكد للجميع أنه اللاعب الذي يمكنه التحكم بمجريات المباريات وحده، وأجبر بينيتيز على إشراكه مع ماسكيرانو ليشكلا ثنائي رائع.

المشاكل بين ألونسو وبينيتيز بدأت بالظهور في صيف 2008، وخاصة حين شعر ألونسو أن دوره في ليفربول أصبح مهمشا، وأن بينيتيز لا يريد الاعتماد عليه كثيرا في الموسم المقبل، وخاصة مع محاولة بينيتيز الحصول على لاعب جديد بمكان ألونسو، وهذا ما جعل ألونسو منزعج جدا من مدربه..

2008-2009

كان ألونسو كلمة السر التي جعلت من ليفربول أحد أفضل الفرق في العالم، وقاد فريقه بكل جدارة للفوز على ريال مدريد برباعية في الدور الثاني من دوري أبطال أوروبا، أما في البريميرليغ فقد استمر الفريق في الصراع على الصدارة، إلا أن المان يونايتد خطف اللقب من بينيتيز.

وفي 4-8-2009 انتقل ألونسو إلى ريال مدريد بصفقة تصل قيمتها إلى 30 مليون يورو وراتب يقدر بـ4,5 مليون يورو، ليدافع عن ألوان ريال مدريد لخمس مواسم مقبلة..
يذكر أن ألونسو كان الركيزة الأساسية في مشروع بيريز الـFloren Team، حيث أن مدربه بينيتيز وافق على انتقاله أخيرا إلى صفوف النادي الملكي.

2009-2010

كان من الطبيعي ان يكون تشابي كاللاعب أساسي في ريال مدريد بقيادة المدرب لتشيلي مانويل بلغريني وكان ألونسو مع مجموعة كبيرة من الاعبين يلعون في أول موسم لهم مع ريال مدريد مثل البرتغالي كريستيانو رونالدو والبرازيلي ريكاردو كاكا والفرنسي كريم بنزيما ولاعبون اخرون ولكن ألونسو رمبا كانت له الكلمة الأكبر لما لديه القدرة على التحكم في الملعب، ومع ذلك لم بعد خروج يستطع ريال مدريد الفوز بأي لقب في ذلك الموسم فقد خرج من الكأس من الكوركون ودوري الأبطال من اولمبيك ليون ونافس بقوة على لقب الدوري مع برشلونة حتى آخر مباراة وانتهى الدوري بفوز أخير بفارق نقطتين، سجل ألونسو ثلاثة اهداف في هذ الموسم كلها في الدوري ضد فياريال وخيخون واتلتيكو مدريد.

2010-2011

كان هو الموسم الثاني لألونسو مع ريال مدريد وقد ارتدى ألونسو رقمه المفضل 14 القائد خوزيه ماريا غوتي من ريال مدريد وكانت المعنويات عالية جداً للفريق الملكي هذا الموسم وذلك بسبب قدوم المدرب البرتغالي جوزيه مورينهو الفائز بالموسم الماضي مع انتر ميلان بكل الالقاب والذي استطاع هزيمة برشلونة وإخراجه من دوري أبطال أوروبا وأيضاً بسبب فوز إسبانيا بكأس العالم وذلك ما رفع مستوى الاعبين الإسبان ومن ضمنهم تشابي ألونسو، كان ألونسو هو أهم لاعب في ريال مدريد في هذا الموسم مع كريستيانو رونالدو حيث شكلا قوة ضاربة بقيادة المدرب جوزيه مورينهو حيث شارك بـ 52 في ذلك الموسم وكان غيابه عن بعض المباريات يؤثر على أداء الفريق بشكل كبير لذلك لقبه البعض بـ (القلب النابض لمدريد) ورغم الأداء الكبير الذي قدمه ألونسو في ذلك الموسم الا انه لم يسجل الا سوى هدف واحد كان على ريال مورسيا من ضربة حرة مباشرة، فاز ألونسو مع ريال مدريد بلقب كأس ملك إسبانيا في المبارة النهائية على برشلونة في مباراة مثيرة وخرج الريال من دوري ابطال أوروبا من الدور النصف النهائي من برشلونة بعد مبارتين كانت فيهما جدل تحكيمي كبير ونال الريال المركز الثاني في الدوري، بعد هذا الموسم الكبير لألونسو فاز بعدة جوائز على الرصيد الفردي.

2011-2012

بدأ هذا الموسم بمبارة كبيرة ضد برشلونة في كأس السوبر الإسباني وسجل ألونسو هدف ضد برشلونة في مباراة الذهاب والتي انتهت 2-2، خسر ريال مدريد مباراة الإياب 2-3 ولكن المستوى الكبير الذي قدمه كان فأل لموسم جديد عظيم، وكان للريال وألونسو ذلك حيث كانت أول مباراة في الدوري ضد سرقسطة خارج الأرض ولكن الريال انتصر بها 6-0 وسجل ألونسو هدف رائع، وحطم الريال مدريد برفقة ألونسو ارقام قياسية هذا الموسم فقد حطم النادي الملكي الرقم القياسي لعدد النفاط في الدوري وحطم عدد الاهداف المسجلة في الدوري حيث فاز الفريق بمعظم مبارياته في الليغا ذلك العام، اما بالنسبة لكأس ملك إسبانيا فقد خرج ريال مدريد في الدور الربع النهائي من غريمه برشلونة بعد انتهاء مجموعي المبارتين ذهاب واياب بنتيجة 3-4 لبرشلونة، اما بالنسبة لدوري ابطال أوروبا فقد كان ريال مدريد هو الفريق الأفضل في تلك النسخة ولكنه خرج من الدور النصف نهائي بركلات الترجيح ضد بايرن ميونخ بعد انتهاء المبارتين ذهاب واياب بتيجة 3-3 ولم يحالف الريال الحظ في ركلات الجزاء وخسر 3-1 وسجل تشابي ألونسو الركلة الوحيدة، ورغم ضياع دوري الأبطال من ايدي ريال مدريد مرة أخرى إلا أن لاعبي ومشجعي النادي الملكي متفائلون بتحقيق اللقب قريباً خاصة بتواجد على الدكة مدرب اسمه جوزيه مورينهو.

الاعتزال
أعلن اعتزاله كرة القدم بشكلٍ نهائي بنهاية موسم 17/2016.

الجوائز والإنجازات

الأندية

ليفربول
 دوري أبطال أوروبا: 2005
 كأس السوبر الأوروبي: 2005
 كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي: 2005-2006
 الدرع الخيرية: 2006

ريال مدريد
 الدوري الإسباني: 2012
 كأس ملك إسبانيا: 2011 - 2014
 كأس السوبر الإسباني: 2012
 دوري أبطال أوروبا: 2014

بايرن ميونخ
 الدوري الألماني: 2015-2016-2017

إسبانيا
 كأس العالم: 2010
 كأس امم أوروبا: 2008 - 2012

الجوائز الفردية
 أفضل لاعب في الدوري الإسباني: 2002-2003
 فيفا فريق السنة: 2011
 أمم أوروبا فريق السنة: 2012
 رجل مباراة إسبانيا × فرنسا: كأس امم أوروبا 2012

إحصائياته مع الأندية

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 Profile on ريال مدريد
 BDFutbol profile
 National team data
 2010 FIFA World Cup profile

 LFCHistory.net Profile
 Profile at BBC Sport
 Profile at ESPN

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون إسبان مغتربون في ألمانيا
رياضيون إسبان مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون من غيبوثكوا
طاقم ريال سوسيداد غير اللاعبين
طاقم ريال مدريد غير اللاعبين
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو المنتخبات الفائزة بكأس العالم
لاعبو بايرن ميونخ
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2004
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2012
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو ريال سوسيداد
لاعبو ريال سوسيداد ب
لاعبو ريال مدريد
لاعبو كأس العالم 2006
لاعبو كأس العالم 2010
لاعبو كأس العالم 2014
لاعبو كأس القارات 2009
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم باسكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم متعددو اللعب الدولي
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم من غيبوثكوا (مقاطعة)
لاعبو ليفربول
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا في كأس العالم 2010
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو منتخب منطقة إقليم الباسك لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي أنتيغوا الرياضي
لاعبو نادي إيبار
لاعبو نهائي كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبون فازوا بدوري أبطال أوروبا
لاعبون فائزون ببطولة أمم أوروبا
مدربو الدوري الألماني
مدربو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
مدربو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
مدربو باير 04 ليفركوزن
مدربو كرة قدم إسبان
مدربو كرة قدم إسبان مغتربون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
مواليد 1981
مواليد في تولوسا
نادي الفيفا المئوي

تشابي ألونسو


NGC 47 (cunoscută și ca NGC 58, MCG -1-1-55, IRAS00119-0726 sau PGC 967) este o galaxie spirală barată din constelația Balena (Cetus). Această galaxie este situată la aproximativ  de ani-lumină depărtare de Terra. A fost descoperită de către Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel. A fost numită NGC 58 după observația lui Lewis Swfit, care nu și-a dat seama că Tempel o descoperise deja.

Note

Vezi și
 Listă a obiectelor NGC

Legături externe

Galaxii spirale barate
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1886
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel

NGC 47


{{Ficha de monumento
|título          = Mausoleo Real de HawáiMauna Ala|imagen          = Kamehameha Dynasty Tomb - Royal Mausoleum, Honolulu, HI.JPG
|tamaño_imagen   = 250px
|descripción     = Tumba de la Dinastía Kamehameha.
|tipo            = Mausoleo
|autor           =
|arquitecto      =
|ubicación       =   Honolulu, Hawái Estados Unidos
|construcción    =
|inauguración    =
|declaración     =
|características =
|estilo          =
|dimensiones     =
|administrador   =
|horario         =
|sitio_web       =
}}

El Mausoleo Real de Hawái, conocido como Mauna Ala''' (Fragrant Hills) en hawaiano, es el lugar de entierro de dos prominentes familias reales: la Casa de Kamehameha y la Casa de Kalākaua.

Descripción
Está situado en el número 2261 de la Avenida Nuʻuanu, en Honolulu, isla de Oʻahu, Hawái, coordenadas 21 ° 19'30 "N 157 ° 50'50" O. Los terrenos del mausoleo están rodeados por una valla negra, con el sello real del Reino de Hawái en la entrada. Una pequeña capilla está situada cerca del centro, inmediatamente detrás de la tumba de Kalākaua y su familia, a la derecha de la tumba de Kamehameha I, el Monumento Bishop, y la Wyllie Tomb. La capilla, con forma de cruz latina, es uno de los pocos ejemplos de arquitectura neogótica en las islas Hawái.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Mauna Ala, Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii Photo Gallery

Hawái
Real de Hawái
Tumbas reales
Áreas protegidas establecidas en 1900
Real de Hawai

Mausoleo Real de Hawái


An Poa binodis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Keng f. ngan Liang Liu. An Poa binodis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Poa

Poa binodis


Licuala grandis es una especie de la familia de las arecáceas.

Descripción
En su tronco posee un buen número de hojas casi redondas y llega a alcanzar únicamente 2 m de altura. Sus hojas recuerdan un abanico circular, son de color verde oscuro y ligeramente lobadas en el borde y cada lóbulo presenta una pequeña hendidura que da lugar a dos dientes pequeños. Las palmas de este género acostumbran a poseer un tronco tubular y se adaptan mejor a los climas húmedos. Los frutos son esféricos, pequeños , rojo-anaranjados. Poco resistente al sol directo.

Distribución y hábitat
Originaria de la isla de Nueva Bretaña, al norte de Nueva Guinea. De gran efecto ornamental por la belleza de sus grandes hojas contrastando con el pequeño diámetro del tronco. Cultivada a media sombra, de crecimiento lento, necesita suelo rico, frecuentemente humedecido. Frutificación abundante en primavera. Un kg contiene aproximadamente 1.021 frutos maduros y 3.226 semillas. Se multiplica por semillas que inician la germinación a los 120 días. Su propagación se ve favorecida por la gran cantidad de semillas producidas anualmente. De crecimiento muy lento.

Taxonomía
Licuala grandis fue descrita por Hermann Wendland y publicado en L'illustration horticole 27: t. 412. 1880.
Etimología
Licuala: nombre genérico que procede de la latinización del nombre vernáculo, leko wala, supuestamente utilizado para Licuala spinosa en Makassar, Sulawesi. (J. Dransfield, N. Uhl, C. Asmussen, W.J. Baker, M. Harley and C. Lewis. 2008)

grandis: epíteto latino que significa "grande, alto".
Sinonimia
Pritchardia grandis (H.Wendl.) W.Bull

Referencias

Enlaces externos

grandis
Flora de Nueva Guinea
Plantas descritas en 1880
Plantas descritas por H.Wendl.

Licuala grandis


Olaylar

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 5 Şubat - İmparator Kammu, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 50. imparatoru (d. 737)
 25 Şubat - Tarasios, Rum Ortodoks patriği (d. 730)

806


Speedrunning is the act of playing a video game, or section of a video game, with the goal of completing it as fast as possible. Speedrunning often involves following planned routes, which may incorporate sequence breaking and can exploit glitches that allow sections to be skipped or completed more quickly than intended. Tool-assisted speedrunning is a sub-category of speedrunning that uses emulation software to slow the game down and create a precisely controlled sequence of inputs.

Many online communities develop around speedrunning specific games; community leaderboard rankings for individual games form the primary competitive metric for speedrunning. Racing between two or more speedrunners is also a popular form of competition. Videos and livestreams of speedruns are shared via the internet on media sites such as YouTube and Twitch. Speedruns are sometimes showcased at marathon events, which are gaming conventions that feature multiple people performing speedruns in a variety of games.

Methodology

Gameplay strategies

Routing is considered a fundamental process in speedrunning. Routing is the act of developing an optimal sequence of actions and stages in a video game. A route may involve skipping one or more important items or sections. Skipping a part of a video game that is normally required for progression is referred to as sequence breaking, a term first used in reference to the 2002 action-adventure game Metroid Prime. Video game glitches may be used to achieve sequence breaks, or may be used for other purposes, such as skipping cutscenes and increasing the player's speed or damage output. Some people, called glitch-hunters, choose to focus on finding glitches that will be useful to speedrunners. In some games, arbitrary code execution exploits may be possible, allowing players to write their own code into the game's memory. Several speedruns use a "credits warp", a category of glitch that causes the game's credits sequence to play, which may require arbitrary code execution. The use of glitches and sequence breaks in speedruns was historically not allowed, per the rules of Twin Galaxies' early leaderboards. When speedrunning moved away from Twin Galaxies towards independent online leaderboards, their use became increasingly common.

Tool-assisted speedruns

A tool-assisted speedrun (TAS) is a speedrun that uses emulation software and tools to create a "theoretically perfect playthrough". According to TASVideos, common examples of tools include advancing the game frame-by-frame to play the game more precisely, retrying parts of the run using savestates, and hex editing. These tools are designed to remove restrictions imposed by human reflexes and allow for optimal gameplay. The run is recorded as a series of controller inputs intended to be fed back to the game in sequence. Although generally recorded on an emulator, TASes can be played back on original console hardware by sending inputs into the console's controller ports. To differentiate them from tool-assisted speedruns, unassisted speedruns are sometimes referred to as real-time attack (RTA) speedruns. Due to the lack of a human playing the game in real time, TASes are not considered to be in competition with RTA speedruns.

Categorization and ranking
Speedruns are divided into various categories that impose additional limitations on a runner. It is common for category restrictions to require a certain amount of content to be completed in the game. Each video game may have its own speedrun categories, but some categories are popular irrespective of game. The most common are:

 Any%, which involves getting to the end as fast as possible with no qualifier,
 100%, which requires full completion of a game. This may entail obtaining all items or may use some other metric.
 Low%, the opposite of 100%, which requires the player to beat the game while completing the minimum amount possible.
 Glitchless, which restricts the player from performing any glitches during the speedrun.
 No Major Glitches, Which constist of beating the game as fast as possible while not using any "game breaking" glitches.
Speedrunners compete in these categories by ranking times on online leaderboards. According to Wired, the definitive website for speedrun leaderboards is Speedrun.com.  the site hosts leaderboards for over 20,000 video games. Runners usually record footage of their speedruns for accurate timing and verification, and may include a timer in their videos. They often use timers that keep track of splits—the time between the start of the run and the completion of some section or objective. Verification is usually done by leaderboard moderators who review submissions and determine the validity of individual speedruns.

Community
According to many speedrunners, community is an important aspect of the hobby. Matt Merkle, director of operations at Games Done Quick, says that speedrunners "value the cooperation the community encourages," and many speedrunners have said that their mental health has improved because of their involvement in the community. Erica Lenti, writing for Wired, says that a sense of community is vital to speedrunning because it motivates players and aids in the development of routes and tricks used in speedruns. Describing a 2021 world record in Super Mario Bros., Milan Jacevic writes, "Behind a record time like Niftski's stand literal years of research into a given game, conducted by a community of players who are aiming for the same goal of finding the most optimal path through it, and countless attempts that chipped away at the record time."

Speedrunners use media sharing sites like YouTube and Twitch to share videos and livestreams of speedruns. The speedrunning community is divided into many sub-communities focused on speedrunning specific games. These sub-communities can form their own independent leaderboards and communicate about their games using Discord. Many communities have used the centralized leaderboard hosting site Speedrun.com since its founding in 2014.

Marathons

Speedrunning marathons, a form of gaming convention, feature a series of speedruns by multiple speedrunners. While many marathons are held worldwide, the largest event is Games Done Quick, a semiannual marathon held in the United States.  it has raised over $37 million for charity organizations since its inception in 2010. The largest marathon in Europe is the European Speedrunner Assembly, held in Sweden. Both events broadcast the speedruns on Twitch and raise money for various charity organizations. Speedruns at marathons are done in one attempt and often have accompanying commentary. Many people consider marathons to be important to runners and spectators in the speedrunning community. Peter Marsh, writing for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, says that the Games Done Quick events provide an inclusive space for women and the LGBTQ community in contrast to the related cultures of gaming and Twitch streaming. Alex Miller of Wired says the events have played an important role in connecting people and supporting international humanitarian organization Médecins Sans Frontières during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Speedrun races
Races between two or more speedrunners are a common competition format. They require players to be skilled at recovering from setbacks during a speedrun because they cannot start over. Occasionally, races are featured at marathons; a 4-person Super Metroid race is a popular recurring event at Games Done Quick marathons. The Global Speedrun Association (GSA) have organized head-to-head tournaments for multiple games, including Celeste, Super Mario 64, and Super Mario Odyssey. In 2019, GSA organized an in-person speedrun race event called PACE. Their efforts have drawn criticism from some speedrunners who believe that they "undermine the community spirit", citing cash prizes as incentives to avoid collaboration with other speedrunners and ignore games without prize money. Video game randomizers—ROM hacks that randomly shuffle item locations and other in-game content—are popular for speedrun races as well. Tournaments and other events have been organized for randomizer races, and they have been featured at speedrun marathons.

Cheating

Methods
Similar to other competitions, there are several methods that players use to try to gain an unfair advantage in speedrunning:

Splicing
Splicing is by far the most popular cheating method in speedrunning. Here, a speedrun is not recorded continuously, as is usually the case, but instead composed of various video snippets recorded at different times, sometimes with gameplay stolen from TAS composers or legitimate players.

At SGDQ 2019, speedrunner "ConnorAce" used a spliced run to illegitimately claim the world record on Clustertruck for the "NoAbility%" category, depriving the legitimate record holder from being invited to the event. The run was treated with suspicion due to it not being submitted officially to speedrun.com, with the video being unlisted on YouTube prior to ConnorAce's acceptance into SGDQ. In October 2019, ConnorAce's run was exposed by the YouTube documentarian Apollo Legend.

In a typical case, splicing allows difficult segments to be repeated to perfection and edited together afterwards into one seemingly continuous effort, which can sometimes dramatically reduce the amount of time needed to grind out a comparable score. However, a spliced run is not considered cheating if it is announced to be a multi-segment run upon submission; for example, this community-made multi-segment compilation for Super Mario Bros.

TASbotting
When 'TASbotting', the player records their controller inputs as a tool-assisted run in an external device in order to then have this device reproduce the inputs on a real console. As with splicing, the inputs of individual segments can be combined and, as is usual for tool-assisted runs, inputs can be made frame by frame. As long as these inputs are authentic and seem realistic for a human being, such manipulations are much more difficult to detect in the resulting video product than splicing. If, on the other hand, a TAS is not outputted on the original hardware but, as usual, on emulators, it can sometimes be alleged from the resulting video that such auxiliary programs were used; additionally, some emulators never perfectly imitate the desired hardware, which can cause synchronization issues when replayed on a console.

Modifying the timer or playback speed
Modifying game timers, especially on computer games, is another common method to improve one's recorded times. However, this is a very noticeable manipulation, especially in highly competitive areas, since the speedruns in the upper area of leaderboards are repeatedly analyzed by other players in order to check their legitimacy and playback reproducibility, including a temporal check known as "retiming". This often reveals discrepancies between one's recording time and a speedrun in the leaderboards. Another method, a variation of splicing, includes speeding up cutscenes or compressing transitional black space. Again, such methods are likely to be detected by a speedrun moderator, although some games, especially where PC speed can have an effect, may actually vary depending on hardware. Finally, another common cheating method is to play the game in frame by frame or in slow motion, which is similar to normal tool-assisted speedrunning but without the ability to redo inputs. Playing in slow motion is often effective for games that require very precise movements.

Modifying in-game files
While it is often possible to use traditional cheats such as a GameShark to increase character speed, strength, health, etc., such cheats are generally quite easy for an experienced moderator to detect, even when applied subtly. However, the modification of internal files to improve RNG can often be much more difficult to detect. One of the most infamous examples of file modification was several cheated runs by the speedrunner Dream in 2020, whose luck was considered so extreme in a series of Minecraft speedruns that they were considered exceedingly unlikely to have been done without cheating (with an approximately 1 in 20 sextillion chance of occurring, as estimated by Matt Parker from Numberphile) by both the moderators at Speedrun.com and various YouTubers, such as Karl Jobst and Matt Parker, whose videos on Dream gained 4.8 million and 5.6 million views, respectively, as of February 2023. Dream later admitted to the runs being cheated about five months after his runs were rejected, although he claimed he did not know he was using a modified version of the game. Nearly two years later, the player who helped uncover Dream's cheated runs, MinecrAvenger, was also found to be using similar luck manipulation in late 2022.

Lying about times
While all of the aforementioned methods are deceptive in nature, the simplest way of cheating is merely to lie about a time. One of the most infamous cases of this was done by Todd Rogers. Several of his records have come under scrutiny for being seemingly impossible or lacking sufficient proof. In 2002, Robert Mruczek, then chief referee at Twin Galaxies, officially rescinded Todd's record time in Barnstorming after other players pointed out that his time of 32.04 seconds did not appear to be possible, even when the game was hacked to remove all obstacles. Upon further investigation, Twin Galaxies referees were unable to find independent verification for this time, having instead been relying on erroneous information from Activision.

As listed on the Twin Galaxies leaderboard until January 2018, Rogers's record in the 1980 Activision game Dragster was a time of 5.51 seconds from 1982. At the time, Activision verified high scores by Polaroid. According to Rogers, after he submitted a photo of this time, he was called by Activision, who asked him to verify how he achieved such a score, because they had programmed a 'perfect run' of the game and were unable to achieve better than a 5.54. The game's programmer David Crane would later confirm that he had a vague recollection of programming test runs, but didn't remember the results. In 2012, Todd received a Guinness World Record for the longest-standing video game score record, for his 1982 Dragster record. In 2017, a speedrunner named Eric "Omnigamer" Koziel disassembled the game's code and concluded that the fastest possible time was 5.57 seconds. With a tick rate of 0.03 seconds, the record claim is two ticks faster than Omnigamer's data and one tick faster than the reported Activision 'perfect run'.

Cheat detection
In order to prevent most of these methods, some games require a video of the hands on the controller or keyboard ("handcam"), in addition to the screen recording, so that game-specific moderators in charge of authenticating a submission can ensure that the inputs are really done in the specified combination and by a human. Other methods include forensic audio analysis, which is a common method for detecting telltale signs of video splicing; this is why games without high-quality audio streams are often rejected on speedrun boards.

Additional detection methods are the use of mathematics (as in the aforementioned Dream case) or human moderation of suspicious inputs (in games which record them such as Doom and TrackMania). Cheat detection software created for TrackMania was used to analyze over 400,000 replays and isolate a handful of cheaters, leading to hundreds of world records being determined to have been cheated using slowdown tools. This included those of Burim "riolu" Fejza, who was signed to the eSports team Nordavind (now known as 00 Nation) before being dropped following the scandal.

History

Speedrunning has been generally an intrinsic part of video games since early games, similar to chasing of high scores. However, broad interest in speedrunning came about with the wider availability of the Internet around 1993 that gave the means for players to be able to share their speedruns with online communities. Sites dedicated to speedrunning, including game-specific sites, began to appear at the same time and helped to create the subculture around speedrunning. These sites were not only used for sharing runs but also to collaborate and share tips to improve times, leading to collaborative efforts to continuously improve speedrunning records on certain games.

Earliest examples
The earliest widely distributed speedruns were restricted to games that included an in-game timer such as Dragster, Activision Grand Prix, Excitebike, Metroid II: Return of Samus, and Super Mario Kart. One of the earliest recorded methods of score distribution was via Activision's 1981 newsletter, Activisions, where speedrunners would photograph the time on their screen and submit them to the publication. Such publications would typically put speedruns into a section that also contained highscores or simple completion attempts. This would continue in later publications, including Nintendo Power'''s NES Achievers section, later renamed Power Player's Challenge.

Due to updates being restricted to the publication's interval, records could stand for months before any successful challenge could be widely known. Furthermore, photographing a CRT television incorrectly could result in times being lost or misread, and there were no means of community verification. Information on how these runs were achieved were only rarely disclosed. Finally, proof of these runs can be lost by the publisher, which happened with Todd Rogers' debunked 5.51 second run of Dragster.

 Doom and Quake demos, early Internet communities
Although speedruns were being done before the 1990s, the development of a speedrunning community is considered to have originated with the 1993 computer game Doom. The game included a feature that allowed players to record and play back gameplay using files called demos (also known as game replays). Demos were lightweight files that could be shared more easily than video files on Internet bulletin board systems at the time. In January 1994, University of Waterloo student Christina Norman created a File Transfer Protocol server dedicated to compiling demos, named the LMP Hall of Fame (after the .lmp file extension used by Doom demos). The LMP Hall of Fame inspired the creation of the Doom Honorific Titles by Frank Stajano, a catalogue of titles that a player could obtain by beating certain challenges in the game. The Doom speedrunning community emerged in November 1994, when Simon Widlake created COMPET-N, a website hosting leaderboards dedicated to ranking completion times of Doom's single-player levels.In 1996, id Software released Quake as a successor to the Doom series. Like its predecessor, Quake had a demo recording feature and drew attention from speedrunners. In April 1997, Nolan "Radix" Pflug created Nightmare Speed Demos (NSD), a website for tracking Quake speedruns. In June 1997, Pflug released a full-game speedrun demo of Quake called Quake done Quick, which introduced speedrunning to a broader audience. Quake speedruns were notable for their breadth of movement techniques, including "bunny hopping," a method of gaining speed also present in future shooting games like Counter-Strike and Team Fortress. In April 1998, NSD merged with another demo-hosting website to create Speed Demos Archive.

 Speed Demos Archive and video sharing
For five years, Speed Demos Archive hosted exclusively Quake speedruns, but in 2003 it published a 100% speedrun of Metroid Prime done by Pflug. Six months later, SDA began accepting runs from all games. Unlike its predecessor websites, SDA did not compile leaderboards for their games; they displayed only the fastest speedrun of each game. Until SDA's expansion into games other than Quake in 2004, speedrun video submissions were primarily sent to early video game record-keeper Twin Galaxies. The videos were often never publicly released, creating verifiability concerns that SDA aimed to address. It was often impossible to determine what strategies had gone into setting these records, hindering the development of speedrunning techniques.

In 2003, a video demonstrating a TAS of Super Mario Bros. 3 garnered widespread attention on the internet; many speedrunners cite this as their first introduction to the hobby. It was performed and published by a Japanese user named Morimoto. The video was lacking context to indicate that it was a TAS, so many people believed it to be an actual human performance. It drew criticism from viewers who felt "cheated" when Morimoto later explained the process by which he created the video and apologized for the confusion. In December 2003, after seeing Morimoto's TAS, a user named Bisqwit created TASVideos (initially named NESVideos), a site dedicated to displaying tool-assisted speedruns.

The creation of video sharing and streaming websites in the late 2000s and early 2010s contributed to an increase in accessibility and popularity of speedrunning. In 2005, the creation of YouTube enabled speedrunners to upload and share videos of speedruns and discuss strategies on the SDA forums. Twitch, a livestreaming website centered around video gaming, was launched in 2011. The advent of livestreaming made for easier verification and preservation of speedruns, and some speedrunners believe it is responsible for a shift towards collaboration among members of the community. In 2014, Speedrun.com was created, which had less stringent submission guidelines than SDA and was intended to centralize speedrun leaderboards for many different games. Speedrunners' move towards using Speedrun.com'' and social media platforms like Skype and Discord contributed to SDA's relevance waning in the 2010s.

See also
Donkey Kong high score competition
List of video games notable for speedrunning
Time attack

References

External links

 Karl Jobst: The Evolution Of Speedrunning (Video essay on YouTube)
 Speedrun.com, popular leaderboard-hosting website

Video game gameplay
Articles containing video clips
Emergent gameplay
1990s neologisms

Speedrunning


Puerto Rico All Stars était un supergroupe de salsa et de latin jazz fondé en 1977 par Frankie Gregory.

Basés à Porto Rico, les Puerto Rico All-Stars étaient une alternative et rivale aux Fania All-Stars créées par Johnny Pacheco .
De 1977 à 1979, les All Stars de Puerto Rico ont publié trois albums. Un quatrième, intitulé De Regreso est sorti en 1996, et leur dernier, Enchando Candela, en 2013.

Parmi ses membres les chanteurs Andy Montáñez (chanteur d'El Gran Combo puis de La Dimension Latina), Gilberto Santa Rosa, Victor Manuelle, Lalo Rodriguez, Marvin Santiago, Hector Tricoche, Paquito Guzman, Tito Allen  et Papo Lucca (Piano) ainsi que Rafael Ithier.

Membres du groupe  (par ordre alphabétique)

1977

1978

1979

1996

2011

Discographie

Liens externes

Groupe de salsa
Groupe portoricain de salsa
Groupe musical formé en 1977
Supergroupe

Puerto Rico All Stars


Olaylar
 1 Ekim - İngiltere Kralı Edwy kardeşi tarafından öldürüldü.

Doğumlar
 12 Nisan - İmparator En'yū, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 64. imparatoru (ö. 991)

Ölümler
 1 Ekim - Eadwig, İngiltere kralı (d. 941)
 9 Kasım - VII. Konstantinos, Bizans imparatoru (d. 905)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 III. Pietro Candiano, Venedik Cumhuriyeti'ne "Doçe" unvanı ile devlet başkanlığı yapan 21'inci Venedik Dükü

959


El Batallón de Transmisiones Potsdam A (Nachrichten-Abteilung Potsdam A) fue un Batallón de transmisiones del Ejército alemán (Heer) durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Historia
Formado el 1 de octubre de 1934 desde el 3º Batallón de Transmisiones (Prusia). El 15 de octubre de 1935 es renombrado Batallón de Transmisiones de la 3° División de Infantería

Referencias
Lexikon Der Wehrmacht - Nachrichten-Abteilung Potsdam A

Heer (Wehrmacht)
Batallones de Transmisiones
Unidades militares alemanas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Unidades militares creadas en 1934

Batallón de Transmisiones Potsdam A


Hjertebog (København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Thott 1510, 4º) er et dansk manuskript fra 1550'erne. Blandt sangene er "Germand Gladensvend", der er på Kulturkanonens liste over vigtige litterære værker, "folkeviser".

Det er en samling af 83 kærlighedsballader på dansk, der blev indsamlet i begyndelsen af 1550'erne ved Christian 3.'s hof. Omtrent en fjerdedel af sangene er gamle ballader. Alle på nær nr. 66 er skrevet af den samme. Bogen betragtes som den ældste samling af dansk poesi.

Bogen er formet som et hjerte, hvilket har givet den navnet. Det er et af de tidlige eksempler på, at en hjerteformet genstand betyder romantisk kærlighed.

Indhold

Referencer

S. Grundtvig, Preve paa en ny udgave af Danmarks gamle folkeviser, 2. udg. 1847, S. 42, No. 3
V. A. Pedersen, Dansk litteraturs historie: 1100-1800, Volume 1,  p. 148f.

Se også
 Jens Billes visebog - en anden samling poesi fra Danmark fra 1550'erne.
 Dansk litteratur i 1600-tallet

Eksterne henvisninger
Treasures in the Royal Library, The Heart Book  (kb.dk)
Contents list

Litteratur fra middelalderen
Litteratur fra Danmark

Hjertebogen


فيليتشايفسكويي  هي مدينة في مقاطعة ستافروبول كراي في روسيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 5681   نسمة.

مراجع

مدن كراي ستافروبول

فيليتشايفسكويي (ستافروبول)


Kirsty Jackson Young (born 23 November 1968) is a Scottish television and radio presenter.

From 2006 to 2018 she was the main presenter of BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs. She presented Crimewatch on BBC One from 2008 to 2015.

Early life
Young was born in East Kilbride. She attended Cambusbarron Primary School and Stirling High School. She returned in June 2008 to officially open the school's new building. On the first episode of her first TV show she shared with viewers that she had suffered from bulimia as a teenager. In a later interview she said "It only happened for a very fleeting few months and I dealt with it myself."

Young decided not to attend university. Her media career began when she became a runner and then a researcher.

Career
Young became a continuity announcer for BBC Radio Scotland in 1989. In 1992 she moved to Scottish Television as a presenter of Scotland Today, which resulted in her chat show Kirsty. She left Scotland Today in 1996 to become a relief presenter for The Time, The Place and appeared on the Holiday programme. She co-hosted a consumer show, The Street, on BBC Two.

In March 1997, she joined the news team of the new terrestrial channel, Channel 5, presenting the channel's flagship news programme Channel 5 News. Young then left Channel 5 to join ITV in 2000 and briefly hosted the quiz show The People Versus. In 2001, she became a co-presenter of the ITV Evening News. Later the same year, after giving birth to her first child, she decided to return to Channel 5 to again front Channel 5 News on 14 January 2002.

In November 2003, Young presented an edition of Have I Got News for You. She has since featured on the show a further eleven times. In 2004, she made a memorable appearance on Room 101 during which she humorously nominated cowboy boots, Britney Spears, Brazilian waxes and 'baby on board' stickers among her pet hates.

In June 2006, Young was announced as the new presenter of the long-running BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs, replacing Sue Lawley; she began on 1 October 2006. According to the odds given by bookmaker William Hill she was an outsider for the job at 20/1. She returned to Five News on 28 September 2006, but in 2007, Young announced that she would be leaving Channel 5 News in the autumn, following ten years as its head anchor since the programme's inception on the same day as Channel 5's launch (30 March), a decade earlier. On 29 August 2007, she presented her last show.

On 29 September, a month after leaving Channel 5, the BBC announced that Young would succeed Fiona Bruce as the presenter of Crimewatch. She presented the show from January 2008 until December 2015.

From 11 January 2010 she presented a four-part BBC TV series entitled The British Family. In March–April 2011, she presented the TV series The British at Work.

On 31 August 2018 it was announced that Young would be stepping down from Desert Island Discs "for a number of months" to receive treatment for a form of fibromyalgia, and that Lauren Laverne would deputise during this period. In July 2019, Young announced that she was to stand down as the host of Desert Island Discs, saying: "Having been forced to take some months away from my favourite job because of health problems, I'm happy to say I'm now well on the way to feeling much better. But that enforced absence from the show has altered my perspective on what I should do next and so I've decided it's time to pursue new challenges". The BBC's Director of Radio and Education, James Purnell, called Young a "wonderful host". It was confirmed that Lauren Laverne of Radio 6 Music would be continuing in Young's role "for the foreseeable future".

Young and her husband purchased Inchconnachan, an island in Loch Lomond, with the intention of building holiday lets on the island. The island has been the home of a colony of wild wallabies who have lived on the island for 80 years, having first been introduced in the 1940s. To make way for the holiday lets, Young and her husband are considering relocating the wallabies though this has seen some opposition. The island is an area of Special Scientific Interest and conservation area.

On 2 June 2022, Young presented Platinum Beacons: Lighting up the Jubilee; BBC One's live coverage of the lighting of more than 1,500 beacons to celebrate the Queen's 70-year reign.

Young fronted the later part of the BBC's television coverage of the state funeral of Elizabeth II at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle on 19 September 2022. She received praise for her closing monologue at the end of the broadcast.

Personal life
She previously dated rugby player Kenny Logan; they separated after 3 years. She met and then married businessman Nick Jones, the founder of Soho House club. She has two daughters with Jones and two stepchildren, Jones' children from his first marriage to Tania.

On Christmas Day 2022, Young appeared as the interviewee on Desert Island Discs, the programme that she had hosted up until 2018, when she stepped down for well documented health reasons, suffering from fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis. As her Island luxury item, Young chose to have a home cinema, with a full access to a library of every film she had ever watched.

Young and Jones purchased their own uninhabited Loch Lomond island in Scotland and their proposed development plans attracted criticism from local conservationists in 2022.

Appointments
In 2016 Young was appointed president of UNICEF UK; her successor in 2020 is actress Olivia Colman.

In October 2019 she was appointed as a Director of Sussex Royal, The Foundation of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, and served until the Foundation was dissolved in July 2020.

References

External links
Kirsty Young at the British Film Institute

1968 births
Living people
People educated at Stirling High School
ITN newsreaders and journalists
People from East Kilbride
Scottish journalists
Scottish women journalists
Scottish television presenters
Scottish women television presenters
British women television presenters
BBC Radio Scotland presenters
STV News newsreaders and journalists
5 News presenters and reporters

Kirsty Young


Xiong may refer to:

Name
 Xiong (surname) (熊), a Chinese surname

Location
 Xiong County, in Hebei, China

Language
 The pinyin romanization of several Chinese characters, including 兄 (elder brother), 胸 (chest), 雄 (heroic) and 熊 (bear)
 The Xong language and the Miao people who speak it

Group
 Xong, or Limbu people
 A subdivision of the Mongol armies: see Huns

Xiong


Shonen Knife is a Japanese pop-punk band formed in Osaka in 1981. Influenced by 1960s girl groups, pop bands, the Beach Boys, and early punk rock bands such as the Ramones, the band crafts stripped-down songs with simple yet unconventional lyrics sung both in Japanese and English.

The band has been credited with making "the international pop underground more international" by "opening it up to bands from Japan". They have also performed as a Ramones tribute band under the name the Osaka Ramones. Guitarist/singer Naoko Yamano is the only member to have remained with the band for its entire history; her sister Atsuko Yamano was a founding member and, after a long hiatus, returned to the band in 2016. They have released 22 studio albums; their most recent album Our Best Place was released in February 2023.

In the words of the Boston Globe, "something oddly spellbinding occurs when deceivingly silly lyrics are sandwiched between a buoyant guitar and a rapid-fire, pop-punk drum kit. Which perhaps explains why the Japanese female alternative rock/pop punk trio Shonen Knife is still singing songs about cookies, sushi, jelly beans, and, of course, banana chips."

Biography

Formation and early years
Shonen Knife was formed in December 1981 in Osaka, Japan, by Naoko Yamano on guitar and vocals; her college friend Michie Nakatani on bass, keyboards, and vocals; and Naoko's then 17-year-old sister Atsuko Yamano on drums. Naoko and Michie had both worked at office jobs; Atsuko had received training as a fashion designer and has created many of the band's stage outfits. The band was named after an old brand of pen knife that had been marketed to Japanese boys. At the time of their formation, Shonen Knife was a relative anomaly because all-female rock bands were rare in Japan at the time. While cultivating a punk rock sound, the band emphasized positivity using catchy, upbeat melodies and simple, carefree lyrics that often dealt with sweets, animals, and consumer culture. As explained by Nakatani in an interview, "We've always enjoyed writing songs about everyday things. Besides, there are already enough bands out there singing about pollution, war and poverty. While we all care very much about those things, we also feel that music should be fun."

They played their first gig in Osaka in March 1982, and self-released the cassette-only album Minna Tanoshiku later that year. Their first full-length album Burning Farm was released in 1983, followed by Yama-no Attchan in 1984. While the band's early albums were only officially released in Japan, imported copies attracted a cult following among alternative rock fans in the United States. In 1985, Burning Farm attracted the attention of K Records in Olympia, Washington, which re-released the album in America.

In 1986 the band released multiple international versions of the album Pretty Little Baka Guy, with the American version issued by Sub Pop, and their song "One Day of the Factory" appeared on an international compilation released by that label. In 1987, Shonen Knife was invited to open for Sonic Youth in Osaka, and played internationally for the first time at a concert in Los Angeles with organizational support from Sonic Youth and Redd Kross. The band's cult following among musicians was illustrated by the 1991 tribute album Every Band Has a Shonen Knife Who Loves Them, with cover songs by 23 punk and alternative rock acts.

International recognition
The band released the album 712 in 1991. Shonen Knife received significant international recognition later that year when longtime fan Kurt Cobain invited them to open for Nirvana during a European tour, shortly before Nirvana gained widespread fame for their album Nevermind. Cobain praised Shonen Knife's performances during the tour, stating, "When I finally got to see them live, I was transformed into a hysterical nine-year-old girl at a Beatles concert." Shonen Knife admitted to not knowing who Nirvana was before the invitation, but acknowledged the friendliness and helpfulness of Cobain and the other members of the band during Shonen Knife's first lengthy international tour. Naoko Yamano taught Cobain to play the Shonen Knife song "Twist Barbie", and Nirvana covered the song several times during the tour. Cobain later listed Shonen Knife's Burning Farm as one of his favorite albums.

Shonen Knife signed with Capitol Records in 1992 and released the album Let's Knife in 1993, featuring re-recorded versions of many of their older songs with new English lyrics. The album Rock Animals was released internationally by Virgin Records in 1994, and the video for the song "Tomato Head" was featured on the American TV series Beavis & Butthead. In 1994, Shonen Knife toured throughout the United States with the Lollapalooza festival. Later that year they contributed to the Carpenters tribute album If I Were A Carpenter. In the late 1990s, Shonen Knife lost their international record contract and their albums were only available as imports from Japan. The album Brand New Knife was released in 1997, followed by Happy Hour in 1998.

Line-up changes and early 21st century
Shonen Knife suffered its first lineup change in 1999, when Michie Nakatani left the band and retired from music. For the band's next several albums, Atsuko Yamano played both drums and bass; for live performances she switched to bass and drummer Mana Nishiura was recruited for touring purposes. Nishiura did not perform on Shonen Knife's studio albums and was not considered an official member because she continued to play with her full-time band DMBQ. The albums Strawberry Sound (2000), Heavy Songs (2002), Candy Rock (2003), and Genki Shock! (2006), were recorded as a duo with Naoko Yamano on guitar and vocals and Atsuko Yamano on bass and drums. Nishiura died in a car accident in 2005 while on tour with DMBQ. She was replaced by new full-time drummer Etsuko Nakanishi.

In late 2006, Atsuko Yamano left the band to get married and move to the United States. This left Naoko Yamano as the last remaining original member of the band. Atsuko was replaced by bassist Ritsuko Taneda, previously of the J-pop band Denki Candy. In the following years, Atsuko would occasionally play with the band during tours outside of Japan, at which time Taneda would switch to rhythm guitar; Atsuko did not play on the band's studio albums during this period. The lineup of Naoko Yamano, Ritsuko Taneda, and Etsuko Nakanishi released the albums Super Group (2008) and Free Time (2010). In 2009 Shonen Knife signed with Damnably in the United Kingdom, and with Good Charamel in the United States at the invitation of label owner Robby Takac. Nakanishi left the band in 2010 and was replaced by Emi Morimoto. During this period they made a high-profile appearance at the All Tomorrow's Parties festival in England, at the invitation of Matt Groening.

In 2011 Shonen Knife released the Ramones tribute album Osaka Ramones. This was followed by the original albums Pop Tune in 2012 and Overdrive in 2014. From April 2015 to May 2016 Taneda took a leave of absence from the band to give birth, and was temporarily replaced by bassist Naru Ishizuka. Also in 2015, Morimoto left the band and was replaced by 22 year-old drummer Risa Kawano, formerly of the band Brinky. During this period they made another appearance at the All Tomorrow's Parties festival.

In mid-2016, Taneda returned from maternity leave but did so on rhythm guitar, allowing Ishizuka to remain as the band's bassist. This briefly made Shonen Knife's official lineup a quartet for the first time. However, a short time later, founding member Atsuko Yamano re-joined the band as bassist after a ten-year absence, and the band was again reduced to a trio consisting of the Yamano sisters and Risa Kawano. Taneda and Ishizuka would make occasional guest appearances on the band's next two albums. This incarnation of the band released the album Adventure, which was inspired by 1970s classic rock, in 2016 and the live album and video Alive! In Osaka the following year. Sweet Candy Power was released in 2019 and Our Best Place followed in 2023, promoted by the band's first tour since the COVID-19 pandemic began.

Members
Current
 Naoko Yamano – lead vocals, guitar (1981–present)
 Atsuko Yamano – drums (1981–2005); bass (1999–2006, 2016–present; occasional touring 2007–2016); backing vocals (1981–2006, 2016–present); occasional lead vocals (2016–present)
 Risa Kawano – drums, backing and occasional lead vocals (2015–present)

Former
 Michie Nakatani – bass, vocals, keyboards (1981–1999)
 Mana Nishiura – drums (2001–2005; her death; touring only)
 Etsuko Nakanishi – drums, backing vocals (2005–2010)
 Ritsuko Taneda – bass, backing vocals (2006–2015), guitar (2016; occasional touring 2007–2016)
 Emi Morimoto – drums, backing vocals (2010–2015)
 Naru Ishizuka – bass (2015–16)

Timeline

Discography

1982: Minna Tanoshiku
1983: Burning Farm
1984: Yama-no Attchan
1986: Pretty Little Baka Guy
1991: 712
1992: Let's Knife
1993: Rock Animals
1996: The Birds & the B-Sides
1997: Brand New Knife
1998: Happy Hour
2000: Strawberry Sound
2002: Heavy Songs
2003: Candy Rock
2006: Genki Shock!
2007: Fun! Fun! Fun!
2008: Super Group
2010: Free Time
2011: Osaka Ramones
2012: Pop Tune
2014: Overdrive
2016: Adventure
2018: Alive! In Osaka
2019: Sweet Candy Power
2023: Our Best Place

References

Further reading

External links

 Official site

 Interview with Marc Riley at BBC Radio 6 Music, May 31, 2014
 Interview with BEAT Magazine, November 20, 2012
 Interview with Jrawk, January 2009
 Interview with J-pop.com

Virgin Records artists
All-female bands
Cuddlecore musicians
Japanese indie rock groups
Japanese pop punk groups
Japanese indie pop groups
Japanese alternative rock groups
Musical groups from Osaka
Musical groups established in 1981
1981 establishments in Japan
Japanese punk rock groups

Shonen Knife


Elevatordomptøren er en dansk kortfilm fra 1994 med instruktion og manuskript af Torsten Zúhon Rosendal.

Handling
En forelskelse - en vareelevator - en livsfarlig cocktail.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1994

Elevatordomptøren


Osnovni teorem aritmetike ili osnovni stavak aritmetike je temeljni teorem u aritmetici i elementarnoj teoriji brojeva.

Teorem tvrdi da se bilo koji prirodni broj  može prikazati kao umnožak potencija prostih brojeva i to jedinstveno do na poredak faktora, tj.  se jedinstveno može prikazati kao  gdje su  međusobno različiti prosti brojevi.

Teorem je prvi dokazao Euklid. Ipak, prvi moderni dokaz teorema je izveo mladi Gauss koristeći modularnu aritmetiku.

Dokaz

Konstrukcija
Neka je  složeni prirodni broj. Pretpostavimo da se on ne može (u potpunosti) faktorizirati kao u iskazu teorema. Kako  nije prost slijedi da ima barem dva djelitelja različita od 1 i od .

Pretpostavimo zato da se  može prikazati kao  gdje je  moguće potpuno faktorizirati kao u iskazu, a  barem jedan djelitelj broja  koji se ne može potpuno faktorizirati. Zbog pretpostavke mora vrijediti da je  složen, tj.  sadrži barem 2 faktora veća od :  za  No sada se, slično,  i  ne mogu prikazati kao u iskazu pa su složeni, tj. možemo pisati  (vrijedi , ). No, taj proces bismo onda mogli ponoviti za , ,  i . Prema tome, da pretpostavka vrijedi ovaj algoritam ne bi imao kraja, što znači da bi  bio beskonačno velik. To je u kontradikciji s činjenicom da je  prirodan broj. Prema tome u nekom trenutku se mora dogoditi da se neki faktor   broja  ne može dodatno rastavljati (osim na trivijalan način, ), a to je jedino moguće ako je taj posljednji faktor  u algoritmu prost broj. Naravno neki faktori se mogu i ponavljati.  Poredak faktora je proizvoljan zbog komutativnosti množenja. Time smo konstruirali navedeni rastav broja .

Jedinstvenost do na poredak faktora
Pretpostavimo da je  najmanji prirodni broj koji se može prikazati na barem dva načina kao umnožak prostih faktora, tj.  Očito  Prema Euklidovoj lemi vrijedi  Neka bez smanjenja općenitosti  No, onda se i broj  može prikazati nejedinstveno, što je u očiglednoj kontradikciji s pretpostavkom o minimalnosti broja  Ovime je teorem dokazan.

Primjeri
Uzmimo  Tada je
Slično za primjerice  Sada je

Naravno, jedinstveni način za prikazati  kao u iskazu teorema je  gdje je  prost broj.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Osnovni teorem aritmetike u Proleksis enciklopediji

Aritmetika
Matematički poučci

Osnovni teorem aritmetike


Hermann Friese ist der Name folgender Personen:

 Hermann Friese (Fußballspieler) (1882–1945), deutsch-brasilianischer Leichtathlet und Fußballspieler
 Hermann Friese (Chemiker) (1901–1985), deutscher Chemiker
 Hermann Friese (Politiker) (1911–1996), deutscher Politiker (CDU)

Hermann Friese


يَشيم بوبر فنانة تركية من مواليد 1977 مدينة أيدين وتلعب دور رئيسي في المسلسل التركي وتمضي الأيام المدبلج للعربية المعروض على قناة MBC 4 عام 2009، حيث تقوم بدور غزل (ندين)، بدأ نشاطها الفني عام 1996 حيث شاركت في عدة مسلسلات وافلام وصعد نجمها من خلال مسلسل (aynali tahir) عام (1998-1999) .

حياتها الشخصية
ارتبطت يَشيم بوبر مع المصور السينمائي محمد اكسن منذ عام 2006 بعد فترة خطوبة لمدة عام، أنجبت من زوجها توأم في عام 2014.

أعمالها الفنية

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من أيدين
ممثلات أفلام تركيات
ممثلات تركيات في القرن 20
ممثلات تلفزيون تركيات
ممثلات مسرح تركيات
مواليد 1397 هـ
مواليد 1977
مواليد في أيدين

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