භෞතික භූගෝලවේදයේ දී, තුන්ද්‍රා (, ) යනුවෙන් හඳුන්වනුයේ
ශීතාධික තත්ත්ව සහ කෙටි වර්ධන සමයන් හේතු කොට ගෙන ශාක වර්ධනයට බාධා සහිත biome වර්ගය කි. තුන්ද්‍රා යෙදුම රුසියානු භාෂාවේ  () පදය මුල් කරගෙන සැදුණක් වේ.

ආශ්‍රිත
 Alas
 Fellfield
 List of tundra ecoregions from the WWF
 Mammoth steppe
 Park Tundra

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි
WWF Tundra Ecoregions
The Arctic biome at Classroom of the Future
Arctic Feedbacks to Global Warming: Tundra Degradation in the Russian Arctic
British Antarctica Survey
Antarctica: West of the Transantarctic Mountains
World Map of Tundra

Terrestrial biomes
Geography of the Arctic
Environment of the Arctic
Köppen climate types
Nearctic realm
Palearctic realm

තුන්ද්‍රා


pt. er det tredje studiealbum fra det danske popband Juncker. Det blev udgivet den 13. august 2007. Det er det første album efter at Jacob Groth Bastiansen forlod duoen, hvor efter Christian Juncker fortsatte på egen hånd.

Albummet toppede Hitlisten som #30, og musikmagasinet GAFFA gav det fire ud af seks stjerner.

Spor
 "Enigheds Allé" - 3:31
 "Pamfilius" - 3:15
 "Falafel Avenue" - 3:03
 "Tættere" - 3:11
 "Jorden Er Giftig" - 3:52
 "Før Det Er Forbi" - 1:42
 "Al Slags Vind Og Vejr" - 2:53
 "Mange Gange" - 3:42
 "Vi Drømmer" - 3:53
 "Min Egen Sø" - 3:16
 "Solo Ikke Alene" - 4:59

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
pt. på Discogs

Juncker-album
Album fra 2007

Pt.


Reli Katalonija je reli utrka koja se održava u regiji Kataloniji u Španjolskoj.
Reli se vozi od 1991. godine i u većini se vozi po asfaltnim stazama i djelimice po šljunčanoj stazi.

Pobjednici

Višestruki pobjednici (vozači)
Podebljani vozač je i dalje aktivan u natjecanju svjetskog reli prvenstva.

Višestruki pobjednici (proizvođači)
Podebljani proizvođači su i dalje aktivni u natjecanju svjetskog reli prvenstva.

Pobjednici po godinama

Izvor
eWRC-results.com - rally database

Katalonija
Međunarodna automobilistička natjecanja u Španjolskoj

Reli Katalonija


Kentaro Seki (født 9. marts 1986) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Vegalta Sendai og Yokohama FC.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kentaro Seki


est une espèce de fourmis du genre Formica et du sous-genre Coptoformica présente dans les climats montagnard et continental de l'écozone paléarctique de la France au Japon. Cette fourmi rousse de prairies est capable de créer des supercolonies.

Description

Les espèces de Coptoformica sont des fourmis rousses dont la tête des ouvrières se caractérise par son bord occipital concave. Les ouvrières mesurent de  de long et portent un mesosoma roux parfois tâché de brun. Le gastre est brun foncé, presque noir. Leur détermination à l'espèce, plutôt délicate, se base essentiellement sur l'emplacement de certains poils.

Biologie

Il s'agit d'une espèce de prairie ou de lisière forestière dont les nids en forme de petits dômes nécessitent un bon ensoleillement.

La gyne tout juste fécondée pratique le parasitisme social temporaire pour la fondation de son nid notamment auprès des espèces Formica lemani et F. fusca, toutes deux du sous-genre Serviformica. Formica exsecta présente une forte capacité de développement pouvant passer du stade une reine (monogynie), à plusieurs reines mais un seul dôme (polygynie monocalique) puis à une société de plusieurs dômes (polygynie polycalique) où l'expansion s'effectue par bourgeonnements successifs, c'est-à-dire par colonisation de la part d'une partie d'anciennes ouvrières et d'une reine de lieux à proximité comme des taupinières bien ensoleillées. L'ensemble se stabilise dans un système complexe dit fédération de plusieurs territoires reliés entre eux et tolérants les uns envers les autres, ce qui crée une supercolonie au fonctionnement particulier. Plusieurs fédérations de cette espèce sont répertoriées notamment dans les Alpes et dans le Jura suisses ainsi qu'en Transylvanie (Roumanie) où une supercolonie de  est dispersée sur .

Sous-espèces
Liste des sous-espèces selon  :
 Formica exsecta exsecta
 Formica exsecta manchu Wheeler, 1929
 Formica exsecta rubens Forel, 1874

Liens externes

Notes et références

Formicinae
Espèce d'insectes (nom scientifique)
Insecte décrit en 1846

Formica exsecta


Ananteris karupina est une espèce de scorpions de la famille des Buthidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique d'Amapá au Brésil. Elle se rencontre dans la Serra Lombarda.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure .

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite par Lourenço en 2021.

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, le mont Karupina.

Publication originale
 Lourenço, 2021 : « The genus Ananteris Thorell, 1891 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the state of Amapá Brazil, and description of a new species. » Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, , .

Liens externes
 The Scorpion Files : Jan Ove Rein, Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Notes et références

Buthidae
Espèce de scorpions (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique de l'Amapá

Ananteris karupina


Professor of Jurisprudence (oprindelig Corpus Professor of Jurisprudence) er et professorat ved universitetet i Oxford i England. Lærestolen blev oprettet 1869.

Indehavere

 Sir Henry Maine, 1869–1877
 Sir Frederick Pollock, 1883–1903
 Sir Paul Vinogradoff, 1903–1925
 Arthur Lehman Goodhart, 1931–1951
 Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart, 1952–1968
 Ronald Dworkin, 1969–1998
 John Gardner, 2000–

Professorater
University of Oxford

Professor of Jurisprudence (Oxford)


157494 Durham este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
157494 Durham este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Jarnac din Vail-Jarnac. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,54 ua, o excentricitate de 0,26 și o înclinație de 4,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 157001-158000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2005
Centura de asteroizi

157494 Durham


Veselé este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Piešťany din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.204 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Veselé este atestată documentar din 1390.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Veselé


Georg Albano von Jacobi (26 de enero de 1805-1874) fue un escritor, botánico y militar de artillería alemán.

Fue un especialista en el género de plantas suculentas Agave.

Algunas publicaciones
 Nachtrag zu dem Versuch einer systematischen ordnung der agaven (Addendum al intentar una ordenación sistemática de los agaves)

Libros
 . 1859. Beschreibung des gegenwärtigen Zustandes der europäischen Feld-Artillerien: Beschreibung des Materials und der Ausrüstung der nassauischen Feld-Artillerie. Volumen 6. Editor Kupferberg, 95 pp. en línea
 --------------------------------------. 1849. Etat actuel de l'artillerie de campagne suédoise. Editor J. Corréard, 149 pp.
 --------------------------------------. 1845. Artillerie de campagne bavaroise. Etat actuel de l'artillerie de campagne en Europe. Editor J. Corréard, 299 pp. en línea
 --------------------------------------. 1843. Beschreibung des gegenwärtigen zustandes der europäischen feld-artillerien: K.K. oesterreichische feld-artillerie. Volumen 9. ix + 293 pp. en línea
 --------------------------------------. 1838. Etat actuel de l'artillerie de campagne en Europe. Volumen 1. Editor J. Corréard, xx + 173 pp. en línea. Edición reimpresa de BiblioBazaar, 204 pp. ISBN 1246355663
 --------------------------------------. 1835. Englische fied-artillerie. Volumen 1. xii + 83 pp. en línea

Eponimia
Especies

 (Agavaceae) Agave jacobiana Salm-Dyck
 (Asphodelaceae) Asphodelus jacobi Sennen & Mauricio
 (Commelinaceae) Commelina jacobi C.E.C.Fisch.

 (Cupressaceae) Juniperus jacobi Hort. ex Beissn.
 (Cyperaceae) Scirpus jacobi C.E.C.Fisch.

 (Mimosaceae) Calliandra jacobiana Renvoize
 (Orchidaceae) × Laeliocattleya jacobiana Hort.
 (Polygalaceae) Polygala jacobii Chandrab.

Referencias

Botánicos de Alemania del siglo XIX
Militares de Alemania del siglo XIX
Escritores en alemán
Escritores en francés

Georg Albano von Jacobi


සකේ යනු  සහල් වලින් පෙරෙන ජපාන මධ්‍යසාරීය පානයකි. ජපානයෙහි, මෙම වදනෙහි සරල අරුත වන්නේ  මධ්‍යසාරීය පානය යන්නය. ජපානයෙහි අනෙකුත් මධ්‍යසාරයන් මෙන්ම, විශේෂයෙන්ම අනෙක් පුද්ගලයෙකුට පිරිනැමෙන කල්හි,   සකේ පිළිගන්වන්නේ, අතෙහි අල්ල පහළට පිහිටන අයුරින් හා අතෙහි පිටුපස ඉහළට පිහිටන අයුරිනි,.  අතෙහි අල්ල ඉහළට පිහිටන අයුරින් පිළිගැන්වීම අශිෂ්ඨත්වය පෙන්වන බවට සලකනු ලබන අතර, විමතිය හා නොකමැත්ත ඉස්මතු කල හැක.

සකේ
ජපානය

සකේ


Jared Francis Harris (Londres, Inglaterra, 24 de agosto de 1961), conocido como Jared Harris, es un actor británico de teatro, cine y televisión. Hijo de actor irlandés Richard Harris, comenzó su carrera a principios de los años ochenta y desde entonces ha trabajado en películas como El último Mohicano, El curioso caso de Benjamin Button, Lincoln o en series como Mad Men, Chernobyl, The Terror o The Crown.

Ha ganado un Premio BAFTA, un Premio del Sindicato de Actores, un Premio Satellite, y ha sido nominado en varias ocasiones a los Globos de Oro y los Premios Emmy.

Vida personal
Hijo del actor Richard Harris y su primera esposa, la actriz galesa Elizabeth Rees-Williams. Su hermano pequeño es el también actor Jamie Harris y su hermano mayor es el director Damian Harris. Entre 1971 y 1975 su madre estuvo casada con el actor Rex Harrison.

En 2005 se casó con la actriz Emilia Fox, hija de los actores Edward Fox y Joanna David. Harris y Fox se divorciaron en 2010. Desde 2010 mantiene una relación con Allegra Riggio, con quien se casó en 2013.

Carrera
Inició su carrera cinematográfica como director en 1983 con Darkmoor, un largometraje nunca finalizado que realizó para la Universidad Duke, donde estudiaba una licenciatura en Bellas Artes.

Como actor, su primer papel fue en The Rachel Papers en 1989, película dirigida por su hermano Damian. Otras películas destacadas en su filmografía son Far and Away, The Public Eye, The Last of the Mohicans, Smoke, I Shot Andy Warhol, Perdidos en el espacio, Trance, The Weekend, Mr. Deeds, Resident Evil: Apocalipsis, Lady in the Water o El curioso caso de Benjamin Button.

Entre sus últimos papeles en cine y televisión destacan los de Lane Pryce en Mad Men, David Robert Jones en Fringe, el profesor James Moriarty en Sherlock Holmes: Juego de sombras, Ulysses S. Grant en Lincoln, Hodge Starkweather en Cazadores de sombras: Ciudad de hueso, el senador Severus en Pompeii,  Anderson Dawes en The Expanse, el Capitán Francis Crozier en The Terror, Jorge VI del Reino Unido en The Crown,  Valeri Legásov en Chernobyl y como Hari Seldon en Fundación.

También se ha prodigado en teatro, destacando obras del Off-Broadway como 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, El rey Lear, More Lies About Jerzy, Ecstasy o Humble Boy, entre otras. Anteriormente estuvo ligado a la Royal Shakespeare Company, en la que interpretó clásicos como Hamlet o Romeo y Julieta.

Filmografía

Películas

Televisión

Teatro

Premios
Premios Globo de Oro

Premios Primetime Emmy

Premios BAFTA

Premios del Sindicato de Actores

Premios Satellite

Festival Internacional de Cine de Seattle

Festival de Cine de Sitges

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actores de cine de Inglaterra
Actores de teatro de Inglaterra
Actores de televisión de Inglaterra
Alumnado de la Universidad Duke
Ganadores del premio del Sindicato de Actores
Ganadores del premio BAFTA
Ganadores del premio BAFTA al mejor actor de televisión
Nacidos en Londres

Jared Harris


Gaby Jallo (Qamishli, Siria, 1 de enero de 1989) es un futbolista sirio. Juega de defensa y su equipo actual es el Willem II de la Eredivisie de Holanda.

Clubes

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Perfil de Jallo en VoetbalInternational.nl (en neerlandés)

Futbolistas de Siria
Futbolistas del Heracles Almelo

Gaby Jallo


داء البلهارسيات  أو داء المنشقات (كما يسمى خطأً بلهارسيا، وهو اسم الطفيلي المسببب) مرض طفيلي سببه ديدان البلهارسية يصيب العديد من الناس في الدول النامية. لا يعد داء البلهارسيات مرضاً مميتاً، إلا أنه يؤدي إلى سرعة استهلاك جسد المصاب. سميت بهذا الاسم نسبة إلى ثيودور بلهارس حيث أنه اكتشف سبب الإصابة بالبلهارسية البولية سنة 1851. توجد 5 أنواع مختلفة من الديدان التي تؤدي للإصابة بالمرض.

تعيش البلهارسية إذا صادفت عائلاً وسيطاً ألا هو نوع من أنواع قواقع الديدان العذبة وإلا فهي تموت ولا تشكل خطراً.

داء البلهارسيات من الأمراض المدارية المهملة.

سبب المرض

السبب هو أن هذه الديدان تتمايز إلى ذكرٍ وأنثى، وتتم دورة حياة الديدان في عائلين، الأساسي (الإنسان) وتتكاثر بداخله جنسياً، والوسيط (القواقع) وتتكاثر بداخله لا جنسيا، وتعرف هذه الظاهرة باسم «تبادل الأجيال»، وهي ظاهرة تعاقب جيلين أو أكثر في دورة حياة الكائن الحي بحيث ينتج أحد الجيلين من تكاثر جنسي (في العائل الأساسي) والجيل الآخر من تكاثر لا جنسي (في العائل الوسيط).

طريقة العدوى

تتم العدوى بمرض البلهارسيا عند نزول الإنسان إلى مياه الترع والمصارف (للري أو للاغتسال) الملوثة بالسركاريا، حيث تنجذب اليه عن طريق الحرارة التي تشع من جسم الإنسان، ثم تخترق طبقة الجلد تاركة ذيلها خارج الجسم، ثم تنتقل مع تيار الدم حتى تصل إلى الأوردة الكبدية.

كذلك لا تتم العدوى عن طريق شرب الماء الملوث بالسركاريا، حيث انها ماوصلت إلى المعدة فإنها تموت بفعل العصارات الهاضمة إلا في حالة تمكن السركاريا من اختراق الأغشية المبطنة للفم والوصول إلى تيار الدم حينها تحدث الإصابة.

أعراض المرض
تختلف أعراض المرض حسب مراحل حياة البلهارسية في الجسم:

1- عند اختراق الجلد:

في الغالب يكون ذلك غير محسوس ولكن بعض الأشخاص قد يعانون من حكة في الجلد.

2- عند إفراز البيض:

في الغالب يكون ذلك غير محسوس. ولكن بعض الأشخاص يعانون من حرارة أو حكة بالجلد قد يصحبه كثرة اليوزينيات (eosinophilia)

3- عند ترسيب البيض:

في الكبد يسبب تلفا في أنسجة الكبد يتم ذلك بدون احساس المريض بأية أعراض 'حتى تبدأ مرحلة متقدمة بأعراض ارتفاع ضغط الدم البابي' وتبدأ وظائف الكبد بالتدهور.
يحصل نزيف معوي وتضخم بالبطن بسبب السوائل.
تليف في جدار المثانة. وعند ترسب الكالسيوم خلال هذه الفترة يحصل نزيف مع البول يتلون باللون الأحمر. قد يحدث انسداد في الحالب من إحدى الكلى أو كليهما مما يؤدي إلى فشل كلوي في بعض الحالات يتطور الأمرالى سرطان المثانة.

القضاء على المرض

يتم القضاء على المرض عن طريق عدة طرق، منها :

1 - وقاية الأصحاء: عن طريق تجنب استخدام أو الاغتسال في مياة الترع والمياة الملوثة بالسركريا، ترشيح مياة الشرب وتطهيرها بالكلور، إذا تحتم استخدام مياة الترع للشرب يجب غليها أو تخزينها لمدة 48 ساعة.

2 - الخدمات العلاجية: توفير كافة الخدمات العلاجية من إنشاء لوحدات العلاج الشاملة والمجموعات الصحية، كذلك توفير عدد كبير من الأقسام الداخلية في المستشفيات لمن لم يتيسر له العلاج في العيادات الخارجية.

3 - مكافحة القواقع (العائل الوسيط): مكافحة القواقع الناقلة للبلهارسيا باستخدام حواجز كيميائية من مادة خامس كلورفينات الصوديوم إلى جانب كبريتات النحاس.

4 - الحد من انتشار الطفيل: في المناطق الموبوءة بمنع الناس من التبول أو التبرز في المجاري المائية أو على شواطئ الترع.

5 - التثقيف الصحي: إصدار النشرات الإرشادية وإعداد الأفلام الوثائقية والأحاديث الإذاعية التي تهدف إلى رفع الوعي الصحي عند المواطنين، وإرشادهم إلى طرق العدوى والوقاية، واهمية العلاج المبكر والإقلاع عن تلويث موارد المياه بالفضلات الآدمية.

6 - تحسين البيئة: وجود صرف صحي مناسب واستكمال عمليات ترشيح المياه.

وضعت منظمة الصحة العالمية مبادئ توجيهية لعلاج داء المنشقات على أساس تأثير المرض على الأطفال في القرى الموبوءة:
 عندما تقدم قرية تقارير عن أن أكثر من 50% من الأطفال يعانون من الدم في البول، الجميع في القرية يتلقى العلاج.
 عندما يكون 20-50% من الأطفال يعانون من البول في الدم، يعالج فقط الأطفال الذين هم في سن الدراسة.
 عندما يكون أقل من 20 % من الأطفال يعانون من أعراض، لا يتم تنفيذ العلاج الشامل.

علاج داء البلهارسيات
ظهرت عدة علاجات لداء البلهارسيات خلال جرعة محددة وخلال فترة بسيطة. من أشهر أدوية البلهارسية هو البرازيكوانتل

في مراحله الأولية يوجد علاج فعال للقضاء على البلهارسيات ويتوفر في صورة حبوب أو شراب.

القضاء على قواقع البلهارسيا
يجب القضاء على قوقع البلهارسيا وبذلك يتم التحكم في المرض. يتم القضاء على القوقع بطريقتين:

التحكم العضوي الطبيعي
يتم ذلك النوع بتربية البط وأنواع أخرى من الطيور المائية التي تتغذى على القواقع، ويتميز هذا النوع من التحكم البيولوجي بأنها لا تضر البيئة بل تخدمها بتحقيق نوع من التوازن الطبيعي.

التحكم الكيميائي
يتم ذلك برش مبيدات حشرية خاصة في المجاري المائية للقضاء على القواقع، إلا أن ذلك يلوث البيئة.
من المهم معرفة أن الوقاية خاصة في البلاد النامية أهم من العلاج نظراً لأن الناس لا تنتبه للأعراض إلا بعد أن تسوء الحالة.

دور العلماء
 تيودور بلهارس 1851 م: أول من عثر على ديدان ماصة صغيرة تعيش في الدورة البابية الكبدية، اكتشف نوعين من بويضات هذه الديدان، تعرف على نوع واحد من هذه الديدان البالغة وأسماه باسم «دياستوما هيما توبيوم» والذي يعني (طفيل ذو فمين يعيش في الدم).
 هانز باخ 1856 م: أطلق على الديدان التي تعرف عليها العالم تيودور بلهارس اسم «بلهارسيا».
 هارلي 1864 م: افترض أن بويضات البلهارسيا تسبب العدوى للإنسان.
 كوبولد 1864 م: لاحظ أن الإصابة بمرض البلهارسيا مرتبط بالماء، وافترض أن بعض قواقع الماء العذب والقشريات (العوائل الوسيطة) لها دور في نقل مرض البلهارسيا.
 فلكن 1859 م: افترض أن مرض البول الدموي يحدث نتيجة شرب ماء به يرقات من بلهارسيا هيماتوبيوم، لكنه لم يوضح حقيقة هذه اليرقات.
 كاستلاني 1902 م: لاحظ وجود بويضات جانبية الشوكة في براز أحد المصابين من أوغندا.
 مانسون 1903 م: لاحظ وجود بويضات جانبية الشوكة في براز أحد المصابين من جزر الهند الغربية ووجد أنها تتبع نوعا آخر من البلهارسيا.
 سامبون 1907 م: أطلق اسم «بلهارسيا مانسوني» على نوع البلهارسيا ذات البويضات جانبية الشوكة.
 مياري وسوزوكي 1913 م: تمكنا من تتبع دورة حياة البلهارسيا من الطور الذي يخرج من البويضة في الماء العذب حتى انتقال العدوى للإنسان.
 ليبر 1915 م: أثبت بشكل قاطع وجود نوعين من ديدان البلهارسيا في مصر وأن العدوى تتم عن طريق جلد الإنسان.
 علي باشا إبراهيم: برع في مجال الجراحة لمضاعفات مرض البلهارسيا، كـاستئصال الطحال المتضخم نتيجة للإصابة بالمرض.
 سليمان عزمي: أوضح خطورة المرض على أوعية الرئة وتأثير ذلك على الدورة الدموية والقلب.
 محمد خليل عبد الخالق: أكدت أبحاثه فاعلية مركب الفؤادين في علاج المرض، وفاعلية مركب كبريتات النحاس في مكافحة القواقع (العائل الوسيط).

اقرأ أيضاً
 تيودور بلهارس

المراجع

أسباب معدية للسرطان
أمراض حيوانية المنشأ
أمراض ديدانية
أمراض مدارية
أمراض منقولة بالماء
أمراض مهملة
طب الكبد
مثقوبات

بلهارسيا (داء)


Ercan Aktuna (1 Ocak 1940, İstanbul - 20 Eylül 2013, İstanbul),  Türk eski millî futbolcu, teknik direktör, yönetici. Fenerbahçe'nin ve İstanbulspor'un eski futbolcularındandır.

Yaşamı
Ercan Aktuna İstanbul'da dünyaya gelmiştir. Çocukluk yıllarından beri futbola ilgi duyan Aktuna, 1957'de futbol kariyerine başladı. Daha sonra Barkın Tolon'la evlenen Aktuna'nın bu evlilikten Ali ve Zeynep adında çocukları dünyaya gelmiştir.

Futbolculuk kariyeri

Kulüp takımları kariyeri
1940 yılında doğan Ercan Aktuna, futbola 1957 yılında İstanbulspor'da başladı. 1965 yılında Fenerbahçe'ye transfer oldu ve on yıl futbol oynadığı Sarı-Lacivertli takımla 6 kez şampiyonluk gördü. Bu dönemde 5 kez kaptan olmak üzere 37 kez millî oldu. 1975'te futbolu bıraktıktan sonra İngiltere'de antrenörlük kurslarına katıldı. Fenerbahçe'de menajerlik ve yönetim kurulu üyeliği görevlerinde de bulunan Aktuna, çeşitli gazetelerde spor yazarlığı yaptı. En son olarak Akşam gazetesinde köşe yazarlığı yaptı.

Millî takım kariyeri
33 kez millî takımlara çağrılan Ercan Aktuna, 3 kez Türkiye U-21 ve 30 kez Türkiye A Millî forması olmak üzere toplam 33 kez millî formayı giymiştir.

Futbolcu başarıları

Millî takım

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1940 doğumlular
2013 yılında ölenler
İstanbul doğumlu futbolcular
Türk erkek futbolcular
Resim aranan futbolcular
Fenerbahçe SK futbolcuları
İstanbulspor futbolcuları
Türkiye millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Türk spor yöneticileri
Nakkaştepe Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Türkiye 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Defans futbolcuları

Ercan Aktuna


Dietmar Schulz ist der Name folgender Personen:
* Dietmar Schulz (Maueropfer) (1939–1963), deutsches Todesopfer an der Berliner Mauer
 Dietmar Schulz (Staatssekretär) (* 1942), deutscher politischer Beamter (SPD)
 Dietmar Schulz (Regisseur) (* 1943), Filmregisseur
 Dietmar Schulz (Politiker, 1960) (* 1960), deutscher Politiker (Piraten), MdL Nordrhein-Westfalen

Siehe auch:
 Dietmar Schulze

Dietmar Schulz


Ryosuke Kawano (født 24. december 1994) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub YSCC Yokohama.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Ryosuke Kawano


السكسكية (ِAl-Saksakieh) هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء صيدا في محافظة الجنوب.بلدة ساحلية يقع جزء منها على مرتفع صخري تعلو 165 م عن سطح البحر.

يحدها  خيزران والصرفند واللوبية والأنصارية وغيرها.

تشتهر بمطاعمها ومنتجعاتها السياحية على ساحل خيزران كما يوجد فيها مستشفى حكومي مقفل،ومستشفى فقيه الخاص، ودوائر  رسمية آخرى.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء صيدا
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
تجمعات شيعية في لبنان
قرى جبل عامل
مدن لبنان

السكسكية


Michaela Sejpalova-Hrůzová est une patineuse de vitesse sur piste courte tchèque.

Biographie
Elle naît le  à Prague.

Au patinage de vitesse sur piste courte aux Jeux olympiques de 2018, elle finit  au .

Elle participe au 500 mètres et au 1500 mètres au patinage de vitesse sur piste courte aux Jeux olympiques de 2022. Elle doit participer aux sélections néerlandaises, mais annule sa participation pour ne pas risquer d'attraper le Covid quelques semaines avant les Jeux olympiques. Elle représente le pays au 500 mètres et au 1500 mètres, bien qu'elle ait un niveau faible au 500 mètres : c'est sa compatriote Petra Vaňková qui offre une place au pays, mais la République Tchèque ne s'assure qu'une seule place et choisit Hruzova.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Patineuse de vitesse sur piste courte tchèque
Patineuse de vitesse sur piste courte aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2018
Patineuse de vitesse sur piste courte aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022
Naissance en février 1998
Naissance à Prague

Michaela Hrůzová


Dryadoideae, potporodica ružovki. Postoji četiri priznata roda sa 24 vrste grmova i drveća. Ime je došlo po rodu steljki (Dryas).

Rodovi
 Dryas L. (4 spp.), osinica
 Chamaebatia Benth. (2 spp.), hamebacija
 Purshia DC. (7 spp.), puršija
 Cercocarpus Kunth (11 spp.), cerkokarpus

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Ružovke

Dryadoideae


Mahavidya ("velike mudrosti") naziv je za skupinu hinduističkih božica, koje su aspekti vrhovne božice Adi Parashakti. Ova se božica smatra vrhovnim bićem i stvoriteljicom svemira u šaktizmu. Šaktisti vjeruju da je shakti, ženska energija ili moć, uzvišenija od muške te štuju Adi Parashakti kao božanstvo moćnije od Trimurtija.

Popis

Kali
Tara
Tripura Sundari
Bhuvaneshvari
Bhairavi
Chhinnamasta
Dhumavati
Bagalamukhi
Matangi
Kamalatmika

Izvori i bilješke

Hinduističke božice

Mahavidya


Boulet steht für:
 Boulet & Cie, ein französischer Hersteller von Automobilen
 Gilles Roussel, der für seine Comic-Alben das Autoren-Pseudonym "Boulet" nutzt

Boulet ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 André Boulet (1923–2012), französischer Schriftsteller
 Jean Boulet (1920–2011), französischer Testpilot
 Magdalena Lewy-Boulet (* 1973), US-amerikanische Marathonläuferin
 Sergio Álvarez Boulet (* 1979), kubanischer Gewichtheber

Siehe auch:
 Griffon Boulet

Boulet


David Allan Coe (6 de septiembre de 1939) es un cantante estadounidense de outlaw country que alcanzó popularidad en los 70 y los 80.

Ha escrito unas 280 canciones en toda su carrera. Como cantante, su mayor éxito ha sido "Mona Lisa Lost Her Smile", "The Ride", "You Never Even Called Me by My Name", "She Used to Love Me a Lot",  y "Longhaired Redneck". Su composición más conocida en los números uno fue "Would You Lay With Me (In a Field of Stone)", versionada por Tanya Tucker, y "Take This Job and Shove It", versionada por Johnny Paycheck y que fue más tarde una película en la que Coe y Paycheck tuvieron pequeños papeles.

Estilo
El estilo de Coe deriva desde el blues al rock y la música country y su estilo vocal se describe como un "throaty baritone". Su contenido lírico es humorístico y de comedia con William Ruhlmann describiéndolo como "un cantante de country cerca de la parodia". Stephen Thomas Erlewine le describe como "a great, unashamed country singer, singing the purest honky-tonk and hardest country of his era [...] He may not be the most original outlaw, but there's none more outlaw than him."

Sus letras hacen referencia frecuentemente al alcohol y las drogas y son "bulliciosas y engreídas". Su álbum de debut, Penitentiary Blues fue descrito como "Louisiana voodoo blues" y "redneck music" por Thom Jurek de Allmusic.

Bibliografía
 Just For The Record...the Autobiography
 The Book of David
 Ex-Convict
 Poems, Prose and Short Stories
 Psychopath
 Whoopsy Daisy (audio book)

Referencias

 Tucker, Stephen R. (1998). "David Allan Coe". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 102.

Enlaces externos
 David Allan Coe Website

Cantantes de country
Cantantes de punk rock
Nacidos en Akron

David Allan Coe


John Christopher Reilly (born May 24, 1965) is an American actor. He is known as a character actor taking leading and supporting roles in independent drama films and studio comedies. He gained exposure through his supporting roles in Paul Thomas Anderson's films Hard Eight (1996), Boogie Nights (1997) and Magnolia (1999), and Martin Scorsese's Gangs of New York (2002) and The Aviator (2004). Reilly was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding Golden Globe Award for his role in the musical film Chicago (2002). Reilly's other notable films include The River Wild (1994), The Thin Red Line (1998), and The Hours (2002).

Reilly gained prominence for his roles in comedy films such as Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story (2007), Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006) and Step Brothers (2008). He voiced the title character in the Wreck It Ralph film series (2012–2018), and acted in the independent films Cyrus, We Need to Talk About Kevin, and Carnage (all in 2011), The Lobster (2015), and The Sisters Brothers (2018). He portrayed comedian Oliver Hardy in the biopic Stan and Ollie (2018) earning nominations for the Golden Globe Award and Critics' Choice Award.

Reilly is also known for his work on television. He created and starred in a Showtime comedy series Moonbase 8 (2020) and led an ensemble cast for the HBO sports drama series Winning Time: The Rise of the Lakers Dynasty (2022). Reilly performs with his band John Reilly and Friends. For his role in the Broadway revival in Sam Shepard's play True West (2000) he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.

Early life and education
Reilly was born in Chicago, Illinois, the fifth of six children. His father was of Irish and Scottish descent, and his mother was of Lithuanian ancestry. His father ran an industrial linen supply company. Reilly has described himself as being mischievous during his childhood, highlighting an event when he was 12 in which he and his friends stole 500 boxes of Sugar Corn Pops from a freight train. Reilly grew up in the Chicago Lawn neighborhood.

Reilly was raised Roman Catholic and attended Brother Rice High School. He is an alumnus of The Theatre School at DePaul University in Chicago.

Career

1988–1995: Career beginnings
Reilly made his film debut in the Brian De Palma war film Casualties of War as PFC Herbert Hatcher in 1989. Although his role was written as a small one, De Palma liked Reilly's performance so much that the role was significantly expanded. He played Buck, Tom Cruise's character's NASCAR crew member in Tony Scott's Days of Thunder in June 1990. That September, he played an Irish hoodlum named Stevie McGuire in the crime film State of Grace, which starred Sean Penn; Reilly had previously appeared as a monk in the comedy We're No Angels (1989), which also starred Penn. In 1992's Hoffa, Reilly played Jimmy Hoffa's (Jack Nicholson) associate who testifies against him at Hoffa's trial. Reilly appeared in a supporting role in What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), playing one of the titular character's (played by Johnny Depp) friends. His next role was in The River Wild (1994), in which Reilly appeared alongside Kevin Bacon as a pair of criminals who terrorise a family during a rafting trip. In 1995, Reilly appeared in the psychological thriller Dolores Claiborne as a police constable and in the drama Georgia as a drug-addicted drummer in the band Jennifer Jason Leigh's character joins.

1996–2003: Critical acclaim
In Paul Thomas Anderson's directorial debut film Hard Eight (1996), Reilly played a near homeless man in Reno, Nevada, who is taken under the wing of a senior gambler (Philip Baker Hall). Reilly collaborated with Anderson on other films, playing a pornographic actor in Boogie Nights (1997); a deeply religious police officer in Magnolia (1999); and a cameo in the music video for Fiona Apple's single "Across the Universe". Terrence Malick's ensemble war film, The Thin Red Line (1998) featured Reilly in a supporting role that was written as a larger one, but much of his scenes were deleted along with many other cast members. In 1999, Reilly starred in the independent film The Settlement alongside William Fichtner, which Variety writer Robert Koehler dismissed as a "write-off" despite praising his performance. That same year, Reilly played one of the newspaper managing editors in the romantic comedy film Never Been Kissed. In Sam Raimi's sports drama For Love of the Game, released the same year, Reilly played fictional baseball catcher Gus Sinski.

The box office hit The Perfect Storm was his only release of 2000 and featured Reilly as a veteran crew member on the Andrea Gail fishing vessel which was caught in the 1991 Perfect Storm. In the Jennifer Jason Leigh and Alan Cumming directed comedy The Anniversary Party (2001), he played director Mac Forsyth. In 2002, Reilly played a stoner husband in a lackluster marriage to Jennifer Aniston's character, who cheats on him with a younger man played by Jake Gyllenhaal, in Miguel Arteta's comedy-drama The Good Girl. Later that year, Reilly appeared in three of the year's Academy Award for Best Picture nominees – Chicago, Gangs of New York and The Hours. In Chicago, he played Amos Hart, Roxanne's (Renée Zellweger) trusting husband and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, as well as the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor. Zellweger remarked that "John is so often the best thing about the movies he's in" and critic Roger Ebert praised the "pathetic sincere naivete" that Reilly brought to the role. Martin Scorsese's Gangs of New York featured Reilly as corrupt 19th-century constable "Happy Jack" Mulraney, while Stephen Daldry's drama The Hours saw him play the husband to Julianne Moore's character. Reilly made a brief appearance in the comedy Anger Management (2003) as a monk.

2004–2011: Transition to comedy

Reilly appeared in Martin Scorsese's 2004 Howard Hughes biopic, The Aviator, as Noah Dietrich, Howard Hughes's (Leonardo DiCaprio) trusted business partner. Of the role Reilly said, "Noah was almost a father figure to Hughes ... Howard would have a scheme, and it was Noah who had to say, 'We don't have the money.' He was one of his few friends." He played the lead role in the crime film Criminal (2004), with Diego Luna and Maggie Gyllenhaal. Based on the Argentine film Nine Queens (2000), Stephen Holden of The New York Times felt that "John C. Reilly may be one of our finer character actors, but his portrayal of Richard Gaddis, a gimlet-eyed con man, in Criminal allows too many vestiges of the duped schlub of a husband he played in Chicago to leak into his performance." Reilly reportedly quit the 2005 Lars von Trier film Manderlay to protest the on-set killing of a donkey. He played the lead in one of Miranda July's short films, Are You the Favorite Person of Anybody? (2005). He was in the Jennifer Connelly-led horror film Dark Water (2005) as the manager of a mysterious hotel. Reilly co-starred in Adam McKay's comedy about NASCAR drivers entitled Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby in August 2006 as Cal Naughton Jr., the best friend and teammate of the title character, played by Will Ferrell. The film was successful, grossing $163 million worldwide. He appeared in Robert Altman's last film A Prairie Home Companion that same year, in addition to making an uncredited cameo appearance in Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny as a Sasquatch.Reilly frequently appeared on the sketch comedy program Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! from 2007 to 2010 as inept doctor and television presenter Dr. Steve Brule. The role led to the spin-off series Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule, which aired from 2010 to 2016 and was written and produced by Reilly. In 2007, Reilly starred as the title character in parody bio-pic Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story, singing various songs, parodying Johnny Cash, Ray Charles and others. He received two Golden Globe nominations, Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and Best Original Song for the film's title song "Walk Hard". The next year, Reilly reunited with Ferrell to star in Step Brothers, playing middle-aged step brothers forced to live together. Also that year, he was among the many notable actors to perform in the online political musical, Proposition 8 – The Musical, voiced himself in The Simpsons episode "Any Given Sundance", and co-starred alongside Seann William Scott in The Promotion. In 2009, he played vampire Larten Crepsley in the film Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant and voiced "5" in 9. Reilly starred in the 2010 film Cyrus as a divorcé beginning a new relationship. Reilly received a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and an Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead nomination for his critically acclaimed performance.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dichiara|first1=Tom|title='Winter's Bone Dominates Independent Spirit Nominations, Wins Top Prize At Gotham Awards|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2438011/winters-bone-independent-spirit-nominations-gotham-awards|website=MTV|publisher=(Viacom)|access-date=July 18, 2016|date=November 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809024643/http://www.mtv.com/news/2438011/winters-bone-independent-spirit-nominations-gotham-awards/|archive-date=August 9, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In early 2011, Reilly collaborated with director Miguel Arteta for a second time with the comedy Cedar Rapids, starring Ed Helms. New York Daily News critic Elizabeth Weizxman considered Reilly a stand out in the film and he received an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male nomination. Reilly co-starred alongside Ezra Miller and Oscar-winner Tilda Swinton in the British-American drama We Need to Talk About Kevin, based on the novel by Lionel Shriver. His character in the film was Franklin, the father of the troubled Kevin; his performance was described as being "heartbreakingly sweet" by Slate critic Dana Stevens. Next, he co-starred in the comedy-drama Terri alongside Jacob Wysocki, playing a school principal who takes an interest in a teenage misfit. His last release of 2011 was Roman Polanski's black comedy-drama Carnage, which takes place mostly in a single apartment. It also starred Oscar-winners Jodie Foster as his wife, and Kate Winslet and Christoph Waltz as another married couple who engage in a conflict after their children get into a fight. Reilly was approached to appear in a production of the play it was based on, God of Carnage, but he couldn't fit it into his schedule and remarked "I think I've spent enough time in that apartment".

2012–present: Blockbuster films
Reilly voiced the title character in the 2012 animated film Wreck-It Ralph, which follows an arcade game villain who is determined to prove himself as the hero. Reilly made contributions to the film's script. The film was positively received, with Los Angeles Times writer Betsy Sharkey saying, "The movie's subversive sensibility and old-school/new-school feel are a total kick." Wreck-It Ralph grossed over $471 million and a sequel titled Ralph Breaks the Internet was released in November 2018. Also that year, Reilly appeared in Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie as the dim-witted Taquito and made an uncredited cameo appearance in the comedy The Dictator, starring Sacha Baron Cohen. He had a cameo in the 2013 comedy sequel Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues, playing the ghost of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson in the film's fight scene.

In 2014, Reilly narrated the nature documentary Bears. He played Nova Corps corpsman Rhomann Dey in the Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy, released in August 2014. Reilly began co-starring in the animated television series Stone Quackers on FXX in January 2015. In addition to voicing the inept police officer Barry, Reilly also executive produced the series. 2015 saw him appear in five films: the drama Entertainment; Yorgos Lanthimos' comedy-drama The Lobster as Robert, a man with a lisp who is given 45 days to find a romantic partner or otherwise be turned into an animal; the fantasy horror Tale of Tales, in which he played a king who tries to conceive a child with his queen–played by Salma Hayek–through an unconventional method, and the English dub of the Studio Ghibli animated film When Marnie Was There. Reilly also starred in and co-wrote the television special Bagboy, reprising his role as Dr. Steve Brule in a fictional television pilot for a sitcom created by Brule. It aired on February 21, 2015, with Vanity Fair writer Melissa Locker saying "If you get it, the show is knockout hilarious, but truthfully, it is not for everyone and Reilly is O.K. with that."

Reilly voiced a sheep in the ensemble cast of the computer-animated musical comedy Sing, which was released in December 2016. Reilly appeared in the 2017 monster film reboot Kong: Skull Island, as Hank Marlow, a World War II lieutenant who has spent 28 years stranded on the titular island. The actor, who described his character as "essentially a love-letter to Chicago", was singled out for praise for his performance out of what is generally considered to be an underwhelming ensemble cast. Film critic Matt Zoller Seitz noted that Reilly "steals the film instantly and never gives it back" in playing the "wisecracking castaway", and Owen Gleiberman praised his performance for being "terrifically dry and sly" in what could have been a cliché character.

Reilly co-starred with Steve Coogan in the 2018 biopic Stan & Ollie about the comic double act Laurel and Hardy, with Reilly portraying Oliver Hardy and Coogan Stan Laurel. Also that year, he played hitman Eli Sisters in The Sisters Brothers, based on the Patrick deWitt Western novel, with Joaquin Phoenix co-starring as his brother Charlie, Jacques Audiard directing, and Reilly as a producer. Reilly himself optioned the rights in 2011, and production took place in the summer of 2017. In 2018, Reilly played Dr. Watson in a comedic adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes stories, Holmes & Watson; Will Ferrell played Holmes. In the same year, Reilly reprised his role as Wreck-It Ralph in Ralph Breaks the Internet.

He made an uncredited cameo appearance as Munsters star Fred Gwynne in Paul Thomas Anderson's Licorice Pizza (2021).

 Music

In 1998, Reilly appeared, along with Giovanni Ribisi and Winona Ryder, as Jon Spencer Blues Explosion in their video "Talk About The Blues". In 2002, he played the role of Amos Hart, Roxie Hart's naïve husband, in the musical film Chicago. In 2006, he performed two songs on Rogue's Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs, and Chanteys: "Fathom the Bowl" and "My Son John". In 2007, Reilly starred in the biopic parody Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story. In addition to his acting role, he also performed as a vocalist and songwriter on the movie's soundtrack, for which he was nominated for a Grammy. Reilly went on a concert performance tour in the US, performing as his character Dewey Cox in the Cox Across America 2007 Tour.

In 2011, he recorded songs produced by Jack White and released as two singles by White's Third Man Records. The first single features two The Delmore Brothers songs: "Gonna Lay Down My Old Guitar" and "Lonesome Yodel Blues #2", both performed with Tom Brosseau. The second single features Ray Price's "I'll Be There If You Ever Want" as well as the country classic "I'm Making Plans", performed with Becky Stark. He also appeared as "future Mike D" in the Beastie Boys' video "Make Some Noise". In 2012, his current band, John Reilly & Friends, was slated to perform in the Railroad Revival Tour, alongside Willie Nelson & Family, Band of Horses and Jamey Johnson. However, the event was cancelled.

In 2014, Reilly appeared on the music video for Mr. Oizo's song "HAM" in which he played Father. Directed by Eric Wareheim, "HAM" is an excerpt from the television comedy Rubberhead, which displays sketches from various comedians. In February 2015, John Reilly & Friends performed on NPR Music's Tiny Desk Concert series. In 2017, Reilly appeared in Lil Dicky's music video for "Pillow Talking". Additionally in 2017, Reilly appeared on A$AP Mob's album Cozy Tapes Vol. 2: Too Cozy as Principal Daryl Choad.

In 2022, he sang the Percy French-composed song "Eileen Óg" with singer and button accordion player Séamus Begley on the Irish traditional band Téada's album "Coiscéim Coiligh /As the Days Brighten."

 Theatre
Reilly is known as a versatile stage actor. He has participated in numerous Broadway productions and was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for the 2000 Broadway production of Sam Shepard's True West. He and co-star Philip Seymour Hoffman (after starring in Hard Eight and Boogie Nights) were both nominated, alternating between the two lead characters during separate performances. From October to November 2002, Reilly starred as the title character in the musical Marty, a musical adaptation of the Paddy Chayefsky-penned film Marty (1955). In 2005, he appeared as Stanley Kowalski in Edward Hall's production of the Tennessee Williams play A Streetcar Named Desire. Reilly stated in 2010 that he would be very determined to play the lead role of Nathan Detroit if a revival of the musical Guys and Dolls were to occur.

In March 2012, he was featured in a performance of Dustin Lance Black's play, 8—a staged reenactment of the federal trial that overturned California's Prop 8 ban on same-sex marriage—as David Blankenhorn. The production was held at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre and broadcast on YouTube to raise money for the American Foundation for Equal Rights, a non-profit organization funding the plaintiffs' legal team and sponsoring the play.

 Personal life
In 1992, Reilly married Alison Dickey, an independent film producer. They met on the set of Casualties of War (1989)'' in Thailand. They have two sons. Reilly and Dickey's eldest son Leo is a musician, who performs under the name LoveLeo.

Reilly practices transcendental meditation.

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male screenwriters
American male singers
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American people of Irish descent
American people of Lithuanian descent
American people of Scottish descent
Comedians from Illinois
DePaul University alumni
Male actors from Chicago
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Fire Island, New York
Screenwriters from New York (state)
Screenwriters from Illinois

John C. Reilly


Béatrice "Betty" Bonifassi (n. Niza, Francia, 1971) es una cantante montrealense conformante del dúo musical Beast, e intérprete de la canción Belleville Rendez-vous, nominada al Óscar a la mejor canción original el año 2003.

Como cantante, tiene una voz profunda, similar a la de un barítono o bajo, siendo referida muchas veces como "masculina", comparable a Shirley Bassey. Su registro le permite interpretar diversos estilos tales como el jazz, música tradicional, blues, electrónica y trip-hop, ya sea en inglés o francés.

En 2003 Betty alcanza reconocimiento internacional por cantar el tema central de película francesa de dibujos animados Les triplettes de Belleville. Adicionalmente, ha colaborado con el saxofonista y compositor François D'Amours, ha participado en diversas giras de DJ Champion, y también fue invitada a participar en el álbum titulado High Class Trauma (2006) por Deweare.

Vida personal
Nacida en Francia, sus padres son de origen yugoslavo (madre) y Nizardo-Italiano (padre); en este contexto, vivió su infancia en un entorno bilingüe, estudiando posteriormente idiomas en la Universidad, asimilando el interés por otras culturas y la música folklórica. Ha sido compositora e intérprete durante dos décadas.

En 1997, conoció a su actual exesposo, el compositor francoparlante de Quebec Benoît Charest, mientras cantaba un cover de Jimi Hendrix en un club de jazz en Montreal; así, a finales de dicho año se muda a Montreal para vivir con Charest, residiendo desde entonces en dicha ciudad.

Discografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Músicos de Francia
Nacidos en Niza

Betty Bonifassi


Sini Sanuman est une organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) créée en 2002  à Bamako. Elle réunit 56 associations et est présente sur l'ensemble du territoire malien. Son nom signifie  "un lendemain sain" en Bambara, la langue nationale du Mali. Cette ONG a pour but de lutter contre les violences faites aux femmes et aux enfants, en particulier les mutilations génitales féminines. Cette association réunit des animateurs, des formateurs ainsi que des psychologues dans la lutte contre les violences sexuelles et pour l'autonomisation des femmes.

Historique

En 2001, une campagne de signature nommé Pacte contre l'excision est lancée à Bamako. Elle vise à réunir des témoignages contre l'excision, et à inciter les citoyens à s'engager à abandonner cette pratique. Cette campagne et cette pétition, lancée en partenariat avec 56 associations dont Amnesty International, Planned Parenthood, le centre Djoblita, ou APDF entend faire pression sur les autorités législatives pour que le droit malien intègre une condamnation des mutilations génitales féminines. En octobre 2007, 30 000 signatures ont été soumises à l'Assemblée Nationale Malienne. En 2010, on compte 50 000 signatures. En mai 2015, 68000 signatures ont été soumises à la Commission parlementaire contre les violences faites aux femmes.

En 2012, la situation des femmes a empiré à la suite de la révolte menée par le Mouvement national de libération de l'Azawad. Plus de 500 000 Maliens et Maliennes ont été déplacés. Beaucoup  ont fui vers le sud du pays. Sini Sanuman, grâce au soutien financier de l'UNICEF, a orienté en urgence ses actions vers le soutien des femmes déplacées, victimes de viol, ou de violences basées sur le genre (VBG). Plus de 300 femmes ont bénéficié de services médicaux à Bamako.

En juin 2014, en partenariat avec l'Advocacy Project et Zivik, Sini Sanuman a participé à de nouvelles actions dont l'objectif est l'autonomisation des femmes ayant subi des violences basées sur le genre lors du conflit ou de déplacements. Deux centres ont été ouverts, l'un à Bourem, l'autre dans a commune 1 de Bamako. Des formations et activités telles que la savonnerie, la couture ou la broderie sont proposées à ces femmes, leur permettant de gagner leur vie et leur indépendance.

En 2017, deux nouveaux centres ouvrent leurs portes : l'un à Gao, l'autre dans la commune CV du district de Bamako.

Méthodes et actions

Lutte contre les mutilations génitales féminines
L'association lutte activement contre certaines pratiques culturelles délétères pour la santé des femmes et des enfants : scarification, tatouage, gavage, saignées, mariages précoces et ou forcées, le lévirat, sororat, les tabous nutritionnels, les violences physiques faites aux femmes, l'utilisation de produits dits aphrodisiaques, la dépigmentation, des pratiques humiliantes au cours de l'accouchement difficile, l'infanticide des orphelins et des enfants nés hors mariage, l'ablation de la luette, le limage des dents, les diètes excessives en vue du mariage et en particulier l'excision.

Réduction du nombre de violences sexuelles
Selon l'Assemblée générale de l'ONU en 1993, la violence basée sur le genre est définie comme :

Cette situation  est aggravée par les crises et soubresauts qui ont agité le Mali depuis 2012, en particulier la prise de contrôle de la rébellion Touareg par des Islamistes. Le non port du voile, le déplacement en deux-roues, le tabagisme, ou la baignade et toilettes dans le fleuve était passible de violences très sévères de la part des islamistes. C'est ainsi que le viol public, ou devant les familles s'est imposée comme une punition régulière sur toutes les femmes ne respectant pas ces principes, et s'est abattu sur des centaines de femmes. Enfin, des mariages forcés ont été précipités à cause de viols.

Autonomisation des femmes
Des formations sont dispensées aux femmes, en savonnerie, broderie et couture. Ces compétences ne nécessitent généralement que trois mois de formation. Le programme a permis de produire 34 576 barres de savon, 1 200 uniformes, 180 pièces de vêtement pour les bénéficiaires elles-mêmes, 335 carrés brodés, 708 napperons et quelques sacs et tapis.

Domaines d'activité

La Gouvernance
Promouvoir les Droits Humains, et particulièrement les Droits de l'enfant et de la Femme, les principes du Processus de Résolution de Problèmes, ou les Principes fondamentaux de la Démocratie.

Hygiène et Santé
Propriété corporelle, assainissement, santé de la reproduction.

Pratiques néfastes
Mariage Précoce ou forcé MGF/Excision, prostitution.

Economie
Gestion de projet et ressource, apprentissage des métiers, facilitation d'accès aux femmes au Microcrédit à travers la Caisse Mutuelle de l'Education et de la Culture (CAMEC).

Réseaux et partenaires

Advocacy Project
Depuis 2013, , basé à Washington, est partenaire de Sini Sanuman. Depuis 2014, des étudiants diplômés, appelés Peace Fellow, sont envoyés à Bamako pour travailler avec SIni Sanuman pendant une durée de 7 mois. Ils participent à la gestion du projet, à la création de bulletins d'informations sur les projets d'autonomisation et de soutien psychosocial, au renforcement de l'organisation à travers des formations Excel, à la conduite de rapports, à l'obtention de financements, au démarchage de débouchés pour les productions des femmes bénéficiaires du programme ou à la communication.

UNICEF
Depuis 2007, l'UNICEF est partenaire de Sini Sanuman dans la lutte contre les violences faites aux femmes et aux enfants. Ce partenariat a principalement pour objet d'éduquer les femmes et les filles aux dangers pour la santé reproductive induits par mutilations génitales féminines.

Plus récemment, en 2012-2013, l'UNICEF a financé des actions menées par Sini Sanuman pour référer les victimes de mutilations génitales féminines vers des hôpitaux et des services médicaux. En 2014-2015, la collaboration se poursuit, et ces actions s'étendent à la communauté rurale de Bourem. Des formations sont alors dispensées aux personnes influentes locales et les jeunes sur les dangers liés aux mutilations génitales féminines,  aux violences basées sur le genre. 1 353 victimes de violences basées sur le genre ont bénéficié de ce projet, 1 095 ont reçu un traitement psychologique, 257 ont reçu une assistance juridique et un traitement médical. Enfin, 110 femmes ont pu gagner leur indépendance en suivant une formation professionnelle.

Ifa/Zivik
Depuis 2014, Sini Sanuman est partenaire de l'Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen. Cet institut a participé au financement du programme d'autonomisation des survivantes des violences sexuelles et des déplacées au Mali pendant 6 mois, avant de renouveler le financement pendant 9 mois en 2015, puis 12 mois en 2016 et 2017.

Financement
L'association se finance principalement par les cotisations de ses membres, et de partenariats. Le ministère allemand des affaires étrangères, l'UNICEF, la Coopération Belge, et d'autres associations soutiennent Sini Sanuman financièrement.

Références

Organisation non gouvernementale
Organisme fondé en 2002
Lutte contre l'excision

Sini Sanuman


Alice Pataxó (Prado, 7 de junho de 2001) é uma comunicadora e ativista indígena. Ganhou repercussão nacional e internacional ao participar da COP26 em Glasgow, sendo porta-voz da defesa do meio-ambiente e dos direitos indígenas. Foi indicada por Malala Yousafzai para o prêmio "100 mulheres mais inspiradoras e influentes do mundo em 2022" pela BBC.

Biografia
De origem Pataxó do Sul da Bahia, Alice vem da Aldeia Craveiro no Prado-Bahia (seu nome indígena na sua língua-Patxôhã) é Nuhé, hoje nome do seu canal.

Discente do Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Humanidades na Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB) com segundo ciclo para Direito. Alice tem 20 anos, mas já conta com grande destaque no Ativismo e nas mídias com seu trabalho na comunicação. Sua luta no movimento começou aos 14 anos quando ingressou no movimento estudantil organizado no Brasil e aos 15 anos se tornou liderança de sua aldeia.

Hoje assume uma posição importante na comunicação indígena do país, Jornalista no Projeto Colabora e no Yahoo Notícias ela escreve artigos sobre a vivências, atualidades e descolonização de povos indígenas, ainda participa como colunista do Fontes BR e no blog da Tucum Brasil, Também é integrante das Cunhataí ikhã (Meninas na luta) um projeto da Anaí-Associação Nacional de Ações indigenistas, para meninas indígena de diferentes povos do nordeste para incentivar a fala dessas meninas e a luta pela igualdade de gênero e ao acesso a educação nas aldeias, ainda mais recente se tornou a primeira indigena Embaixadora da  WWF Brasil.

Prêmios
Recebeu o prêmio "100 mulheres mais inspiradoras e influentes do mundo em 2022" pela BBC, para o qual foi indicada por Malala Yousafzai.

Pessoas de ascendência pataxó
Ativistas indígenas
Ativistas do Brasil
Jornalistas do Brasil
Pessoas na lista BBC 100 Mulheres de 2022
Brasileiras nas listas BBC 100 Mulheres

Alice Pataxó


Bunchosia macilenta é uma espécie de planta do gênero Bunchosia e da família Malpighiaceae.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 1983 por F.H. Dobson.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie terrícola e arbórea.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil.

Distribuição
A espécie é endêmica do Brasil e encontrada nos estados brasileiros de Bahia, Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais. A espécie é encontrada no domínio fitogeográfico de Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de floresta ombrófila pluvial.

Ligações externas

 Bunchosia macilenta no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Bunchosia
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo
Plantas descritas em 1983

Bunchosia macilenta


Bayezid Camii (Beyazıt Camii ve Beyazıd Camii olarak da bilinir) İstanbul'un Beyazıt semtinde Sultan II. Bayezid tarafından yaptırılmış bir cami.

Osmanlı klasik dönem mimarisinin erken dönem eserleri arasında bir yapıdır. Semte dağınık bir şekilde inşa edilmiş olan külliyenin ana elemanı durumundaki parçasıdır. Mimarının kim olduğu kesin olarak bilinmez, Mimar Hayrettin, Mimar Kemaleddin veya Yakupşah bin Sultanşah tarafından yapıldığına dair görüşler vardır. İstanbul'da orijinalliğini koruyan en eski selatin camii olarak kabul edilir. II. Bayezid'in mezarı, caminin haziresinde bulunur.

Tarihçe
Bizans devrinde Theodosius Forumu olarak adlandırılan ve şehrin en büyük meydanı olan meydanda Sultan Bayezid Veli tarafından yaptırıldı. İstanbul'un fethinden sonra şehre kurulan ikinci büyük selatin camii idi. Şehirdeki ilk selatin camii olan Fatih Camii orijinalliğini kaybettiğinden İstanbul'da orijinalliğini koruyan en eski selatin camii olarak kabul edilir. Cümle kapısında Şeyh Hamdullah'ın yazdığı kitabeye göre 1501-1506 yılları arasında beş yılda tamamlanmıştır. Evliya Çelebi'nin aktardığında göre caminin açılış günü ilk namazı padişahın kendisi kıldırmıştı.

Hasarlar ve restorasyon çalışmaları
İstanbul'da 1509'da meydana gelen ve "Küçük Kıyamet" diye anılan depremden zarar gördü. Depremden sonra kısmen onarılan camiinin onarımını daha sonraki yıllarda tamamlayıp güçlendiren Mimar Sinan oldu. Onun, 1573'de caminin içinde bir kemer inşa ederek yapıyı güçlendirdiği bilinir.

1683 yılındaki bir yangında minare külahları tutuşarak zarar gördü. 1743'te ise minarelerden birisine yıldırım isabet etmesi sonucu külahı yandı. Ekim 1754 tarihli bir belge, Beyazıt Camii'nin tamiri için Karamürsel'den ot taşı getirtilmesi istenildiğini bildirir.

Ağustos 2012 tarihinde kapsamlı bir restorasyon çalışması başlatıldı. Çalışma, 8 yıl sürdü. Cami genelinde önceki onarımlarda yapılan çimentolu oluşumlar kaldırıldı, zamanla hasar görmüş malzemeler temizlendi yahut değiştirildi. Yaklaşık 150 kişilik bir ekibin görev aldığı ve 49 milyon Türk Lirasına mal olan restorasyon Mayıs 2020 tarihinde tamamlandı ve cami tekrar tam kapasiteyle hizmet vermeye başladı.

Mimarisi
Dört ayak üstüne oturulmuş 16,78m çapında bir ana kubbesi kuzey ve güneyde iki yarım kubbe ile desteklenir. Ana kubbesinde yirmi, yarım kubbelerde yedişer pencere bulunur

Caminin 24 kubbeli revaklarla çevrilmiş kare biçiminde bir son cemaat avlusu bulunmaktadır. Avlu zemini mermer döşelidir ve ortasında şadırvan bulunur. Aslında üstü açık olan şadırvan, IV. Murat zamanında etrafına dikilen sekiz sütun üzerine oturtulmuş bir kubbe ile örtülmüştür. Avlu döşemesi ve şadırvanın sütunları Bizans'tan kalma malzemenin yeniden işlenmesiyle elde edilmiştir. Avlu mermerleri arasında geniş kırmızı porfir taşı levhalar vardır.

Doğusu ve batısında beşer kubbe ile örtülü iki tabhanesi (kanat) olan cami, tabhaneli (kanatlı) yapıların son örneği kabul edilir. Baştan tabhane olarak tasarlanmış bu bölümler ile cami arasındaki duvar sonradan kaldırılmış, böylece tabhaneler namaz alanına dahil edilmiştir.

Birer şerefeli iki taş minaresi olan caminin minareleri camiye değil, caminin iki yanındaki tabhanelere bitişiktir, bu nedenle arada 79m mesafe vardır. Renkli taşlar ve kufi yazılarla bezeli minarelerden sağ tarafta olanı özgün süslemelerini büyük ölçüde korur ancak diğeri birkaç kez onarım geçirmiş ve bezemelerini yitirerek daha sade kalmıştır. Bu nedenle sağdaki minare, "Selçukludan Osmanlı'ya geçişin İstanbul'daki tek örneği" olarak kabul edilir.

Harimin sağ köşesinde hünkar mahfili yer alır. 10 sütun üzerinde duran mahfile, dışarıdan bir merdiven ve kapı ile girilir. Caminin mihrap tarafında, sağda ve pencere hizasında oğlu Yavuz Sultan Selim tarafından yaptırılmış Sultan Bayezid türbesi bulunur. Yine Yavuz Sultan Selim'in yaptırdığı solundaki türbede kızı Selçuk Hatun da yatar, Koca Mustafa Reşit Paşa'nın mezarı da burada bulunmaktadır.

Fotoğraf galerisi

Ayrıca bakınız
 Bayezid Medresesi

Kaynakça

Diğer okumalar

İstanbul'daki Osmanlı camileri
Cami
Fatih'teki camiler
Selatin camileri
Beyazıt

Bayezid Camii


Chris Barnes (Buffalo, SAD, 29. prosinca 1967.) je američki death metal pjevač, najpoznatiji kao izvorni pjevač death metal sastava Cannibal Corpse. Bio je član sastava od 1988. do 1995. Godine 1993. osnovao je sastav Six Feet Under. Također pojavio se na albumu Swarm! sastava Torture Killer. Barnes je autor izvornog logotipa sastava Cannibal Corpse i Six Feet Under.

Diskografija

Cannibal Corpse

 Cannibal Corpse (1989.)
 Eaten Back to Life (1990.)
 Butchered at Birth (1991.)
 Tomb of the Mutilated (1992.)
 Hammer Smashed Face (1993.)
 The Bleeding (1994.)
 15 Year Killing Spree (2003.)

Six Feet Under

 Haunted (1995.)
 Warpath (1997.)
 Maximum Violence (1999.)
 True Carnage (2001.)
 Bringer of Blood (2003.)
 13 (2005.)
 Commandment (2007.)
 Death Rituals (2008.)
 Undead (2012.)
 Unborn (2013.)
 Crypt of the Devil (2015.)
 Torment (2017.)
 Night of the Decomposed (2020.)

Tirant Sin

 Mutant Supremacy (1988.)

Torture Killer

 Swarm! (2006.)

Leviathan

 Rehearsal 1987 (1987.)
 Legions of the Undead (1987.)

Izvori

Američki pjevači heavy metala
Death metal

Chris Barnes


Bouygues S.A. () is a French engineering group headquartered in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. Bouygues is listed on the Euronext Paris exchange and is a blue chip in the CAC 40 stock market index. The company was founded in 1952 by Francis Bouygues and has been led by his son Martin Bouygues since 1989. Martin's older brother, Olivier Bouygues, is a board member.

The group specialises in construction (Colas Group and Bouygues Construction), real estate development (Bouygues Immobilier), media (TF1 Group), and telecommunications (Bouygues Telecom).

History
The company was founded by Francis Bouygues in 1952. In 1970 Bouygues became listed on the Paris Stock Exchange. In 1985 and 1986, Bouygues acquired road construction groups Screg, Sacer, and Colas; later reorganised as Colas Group. In 1987 the company started operating the television channel TF1 and in 1988 Bouygues moved into its new head office, the Challenger complex, in Saint-Quentin en Yvelines. In 1996 the company launched Bouygues Télécom and in 2006 the company acquired 23.26% of Alstom. In 2010, through its subsidiary Nerem Telecom, Bouygues also acquired HGT Telecom for $170 million from Henri Benezra and his brother Avi.

In 2014, consecutively to Alstom's cession of its Energy activities to General Electric, Bouygues granted a call option to the French government, allowing it to acquire a maximum of 20% of Alstom, currently owned by the group. In May 2018, the company purchased the Australian construction company A. W. Edwards.

In 2021, Bouygues acquired the technical services business, Equans from Engie in a transaction worth €7.1bn.

Business structure

The company carries out the following businesses:

Construction
 Bouygues Construction (100% share): construction, public works, energy & services, with a presence in 80 countries worldwide
 Colas Group (96.8% share): roadworks, construction, railways and maintenance
 Bouygues Immobilier (100% share): residential, corporate, commercial and hotel real estate and urban development, property development

Telecoms - Media
 Bouygues Télécom (90,5% share): mobile phone and fixed line operator
 TF1 Group (43.7% share): audiovisual group; with TF1 and 9 other TV channels.

Transportation
 Alstom (0.16% share): passenger transportation, signalling and locomotives
 BINA Istra (30.15% total ownership): Croatian joint stock company founded in 1995 to facilitate construction and subsequent management of an Istrian Y motorway

Technical services
 Equans

Financial data

Source : Bouygues''

Major construction projects
Bouygues has been involved in many major construction projects including

Europe
 The Parc des Princes completed in 1972
 The Tour First in 1974
 The Musée d'Orsay completed in 1986
 The Île de Ré bridge completed in 1988
 The Grande Arche completed in 1989
 The Channel Tunnel completed in 1994
 The Bibliothèque nationale de France completed in 1995
 The Pont de Normandie completed in 1995,
 The Stade de France completed in 1998
 The expansion of Barnet Hospital completed in 2002
 The redevelopment of West Middlesex University Hospital completed in 2003
 The Brent Emergency Care and Diagnostic Centre completed in 2006
 The expansion of Broomfield Hospital in Chelmsford completed in 2010
 The expansion of North Middlesex University Hospital completed in 2010

Bouygues is also involved in HS2 lot C1, working as part of joint venture, due to complete in 2031.

Africa
 The Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca, Morocco completed in 1992
 The Henri Konan Bédié Bridge in Abidjan, Ivory Coast completed in 2014

North America
  The company also built the Port of Miami Tunnel completed in 2014.
 Construction of the Iqaluit Airport terminal in Nunavut, Canada, completed in 2017.

Asia
 The Gypjak Mosque in Turkmenistan, completed in 2004.
 The Singapore Sports Hub completed in 2014
 LRT Line 1 Cavite Extension due to be completed in 2025

Head office

The Bouygues head office is located at 32 Avenue Hoche in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. The American architect Kevin Roche worked on this building, as well as the previous head office location, the Challenger complex in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. This complex, situated in a  tract in Guyancourt, is now occupied by Bouygues Construction, one of the group's subsidiaries.

Group and values

Social and environmental commitment
Since 2006, Bouygues has participated in the United Nations Global Compact. The group sponsors The Shift Project think tank, with several other companies such as EDF, BNP Paribas or Saint-Gobain, which promotes sustainable economic development.

Patronage
Bouygues focuses its patronage on education, social issues and medical research. Each subsidiary supports its own foundation:
 The Francis Bouygues Foundation sponsors deserving high school students with a scholarship.
 Terre Plurielle, Bouygues Construction's foundation, grants financial support to projects selected by employees. These projects concern access to health, education, and the social insertion of people facing major difficulties.
 The Bouygues Immobilier Corporate Foundation created in 2009 aims at raising awareness about the need of sustainable construction and urban planning.
 The Colas Foundation supports contemporary arts through the acquisition of paintings.
 The TF1 Foundation helps young talents from underprivileged neighbourhoods to succeed in the broadcasting sector.
 The Bouygues Telecom Foundation is committed to environmental protection, helping people in social or medical difficulty, and promoting the French language.

Controversies

Bid rigging
In September 2023 Bouygues Construction Expertises Nucléaires (BCEN) was fined €6.2 million after the French competition regulator found them guilty, along with five other companies, of bid rigging over tenders for work at the Marcoule nuclear site.

Bouygues (UK) Ltd. v Dahl-Jensen (UK) Ltd.
In this UK construction adjudication matter, the company's UK subsidiary had terminated the employment of its mechanical sub-contractor, Dahl-Jensen (UK). The adjudicator made a mistake in calculating outstanding payments due to Dahl-Jensen, which led to a Court of Appeal ruling in 2002 which stated that

Flamanville
Between 2009 and 2011, Bouygues S.A. was illegally employing workers from Poland and Romania exposing them to inhuman working conditions at the construction site of the Flamanville nuclear power plant in Normandy. The company was later condemned for their practices before the court in Cherbourg and was ordered to pay sanctions of between €25,000 and €29,950.

Cyberattack on Bouygues Construction SA
On 30 January 2020 a ransomware-type virus was detected on Bouygues Construction's computer network although operational activity on the construction sites was disrupted. The "Maze Ransomware Gang" claimed responsibility for the attack and posted a 1.2 GB file that allegedly contained data taken from Bouygues Construction.

Notes

References

Further reading

 Chronicles of Turkmenistan – The Opposition Website   (English)
 Gundogar – For Democracy and Human Rights in Turkmenistan.

External links

 Bouygues Telecom (fr)
 Bouygues Construction (fr)
  Colas (en)
 Offizieller TF1 (en)

Conglomerate companies of France
Multinational companies headquartered in France
Companies based in Paris
Conglomerate companies established in 1952
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1952
French business families
CAC 40
Companies listed on Euronext Paris
French companies established in 1952
Construction and civil engineering companies of France

Bouygues


El Sabueso de Istria de pelo corto (FCI No. 151, nombre original Istarski Kratkodlaki Gonič) es una raza canina poco frecuente de la región de Istria en Croacia, descendiente de una raza muy antigua de sabueso. Es de un tamaño ligeramente menor al Sabueso de Istria de pelo duro.

Apariencia
Esta variedad tiene un manto de pelo y gigante
 liso, brillante y duro, principalmente blanco con manchas dispersas de color naranja. La raza tiene un el típico cuerpo musculoso de un cazador con patas largas al igual que la cola. La cabeza es bastante ancha y plana (no debe ser abombada en la parte superior) con las orejas triangulares caídas y cortas (para ser un perro de caza), forma típica de los perros de Europa oriental.

La altura ideal es de 50 cm a la cruz con un peso de 18 kg, ligeramente menor en ambos casos para una hembra.

El grito o aullido, durante la caza (importante para un sabueso) es persistente y agudo.

Referencias

Grupo 6 de la FCI
Razas caninas poco frecuentes
Razas de perro de Croacia
Sabuesos

Sabueso de Istria de pelo corto


Adiatórix (Gr. ) fue el hijo del tetrarca Domneclius (o Domnilaus) en Galacia. Cicerón señala que fue un sumo sacerdote en el año 50 a. C. y académicos lo consideran un adherente de Deyótaro. Perteneció al partido de Marco Antonio, quien le entregó parte de la ciudad de Heraclea Póntica. Poco antes de la Batalla de Accio en 31 a. C., Adiatórix mandó matar a todos los colonos romanos de la ciudad. Afirmó que había recibido permiso de Marco Antonio para hacerlo, pero historiadores modernos lo estiman poco probable. Luego de esta batalla, fue llevado como prisionero al triunfo de César Augusto y fue ejecutado junto con su hijo menor. Posteriormente, su hijo mayor, Dyteutus, se convirtió en sacerdote de Bellona en Comana y, por tanto, gobernante de este territorio.

Referencias

Gálatas
Políticos del siglo I a. C.
Políticos ejecutados
Sumos sacerdotes
Religiosos del siglo I a. C.
Religiosos ejecutados

Adiatórix


Alia Nurmuhamedkîzî Moldagulova (în , ) a fost o Eroină a Uniunii Sovietice.

Biografie
Moldagulova s-a născut la 25 octombrie 1925 în Bulak, Kazahstan. Și-a pierdut părinții în timpul copilăriei, astfel că a fost nevoită să trăiască cu unchiul ei în Alma-Ata. În 1935 s-a mutat la Leningrad, unde unchiul ei a fost recrutat într-o academie de transport militar. În toamna anului 1939 a fost trimisă la orfelinat, din care a fost evacuată odată cu începerea războiului în 1942 prin Lacul Ladoga. Pe data de 1 octombrie a aceluiași an, Moldagulova a primit o bursă la Școala de Tehnică a Aviației din Rîbinsk. După ce a studiat acolo timp de trei luni, ea și-a dorit să se alăture Armatei Roșii. În mai 1943 s-a înrolat în centrale de școlarizare pentru femei, unde a fost antrenată ca lunetistă. În iulie 1943 s-a alăturat celei de-a 54-a brigăzi de lunetiști cu prietenele sale. În ianuarie 1944, brigada ei a atacat germanii de pe calea ferată Novosokolniki—Dno. Mai târziu, ea și-a dat seama că comandantul lipsește, și a preluat comanda. A strigat din toți plămânii: "Pentru țara natală! Hai să mergem!", moment în care întreg batalionul a sărit în tranșeele germane. Alia a fost lovită de o explozie a unei mine de teren, dar a fost rănită doar la mână de o schijă. Deși era rănită, ea a continuat să lupte cu curaj, însă a fost lovită din nou și de data aceasta rana a fost mortală. A murit de la o rană prin împușcare în ziua aceea și a fost distinsă cu decorația de Erou al Uniunii Sovietice pe 4 iunie 1944 și cu Ordinul Lenin. Mormântul ei se află la Monakovo, Pskov.

In memorian

La 9 mai 1995, ca parte a celei de-a 50-a aniversări de la sfârșitul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, Kazpost, operatorul național de servicii poștale al Kazahstanului, i-a dedicat un timbru.
În 1997 a fost ridicat un monument în numele ei în piața din Astana.

Referințe

Vezi și
Listă de femei Eroi ai Uniunii Sovietice
Listă de lunetiști

Nașteri în 1925
Decese în 1944
Eroi ai Uniunii Sovietice
Militari sovietici căzuți în cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial
Femei în război
Oameni din Kazahstan
Laureați ai Premiului Lenin

Alia Moldagulova


Kapince este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Nitra din regiunea Nitra, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 187 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Kapince este atestată documentar din 1261.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Kapince


Vertraute Fremde (Originaltitel: Quartier lointain) ist ein belgischer Kinofilm des Regisseurs Sam Garbarski.

Handlung

Die Handlung folgt lose dem Manga Vertraute Fremde von Jirō Taniguchi, der am Ende auch einen kurzen Gastauftritt hat. Im Film geht es um den 50-jährigen Thomas, der zufällig an der Heimat seiner Kindheit vorbeikommt und die Gelegenheit nutzt, das Grab seiner Mutter zu besuchen. Dort macht er einen Zeitsprung 36 Jahre zurück und ist auf einmal wieder 14 Jahre alt.

Kritik

Auszeichnungen
 Young Artist Awards 2011
Nominierung Beste Darstellung in einem internationalen Spielfilm - Léo Legrand

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website (deutsch)
 R. Gansera: Im Kino: Vertraute Fremde - Hättest du gern ein anderes Leben? auf: Süddeutsche.de, 19. Mai 2010, abgerufen am 23. März 2012.

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2010
Comicverfilmung

Vertraute Fremde (Film)


Kup Nogometnog saveza Županije Istarske za sezonu 2016./17. se igra u proljetnom dijelu sezone. Pobjednik i finalist natjecanja natjecanja stječe pravo nastupa u pretkolu Hrvatskog kupa u sezoni 2017./18.
Kup je osvojio Novigrad.

Sudionici
U natjecanju je sudjelovalo 39 klubova s područja Istarske županije, prikazanih prema pripadnostima ligama u sezoni 2016./17.

Klub oslobođen nastupa zbog dovoljnog koeficijenta za Hrvatski nogometni kup, u kojem nastupa od šesnaestine završnice:
1. HNL (I.)
 Istra 1961 Pula

Rezultati

1. kolo

2. kolo

3. kolo

Četvrtzavršnica

Poluzavršnica

Završnica

Poveznice
 Nogometni savez Županije Istarske
 nszi.hr, Kup Nogometnog saveza Županije Istarske
 1. ŽNL Istarska 2016./17.
 2. ŽNL Istarska 2016./17.
 3. ŽNL Istarska 2016./17.

Izvori
 nszi.hr, Kup Nogometnog saveza Županije Istarske , prisupljeno 5. lipnja 2017.
 nszi.hr, ''Bilten NS Županije Istarske , br. 31 (98/2017), objavljeno 22. veljače 2017., preuzeto 5. lipnja 2017.
  nszi.hr, ''Bilten NS Županije Istarske, br. 32 (113/2017), objavljeno 1. ožujka 2017., preuzeto 5. lipnja 2017.
  nszi.hr, ''Bilten NS Županije Istarske, br. 38 (239/2017), objavljeno 13. travnja 2017., preuzeto 5. lipnja 2017.
  nszi.hr, ''Bilten NS Županije Istarske, br. 40 (267/2017), objavljeno 26. travnja 2017., preuzeto 5. lipnja 2017.
  nszi.hr, ''Bilten NS Županije Istarske, br. 42 (318/2017), objavljeno 10. svibnja 2017., preuzeto 5. lipnja 2017.

Istarska 2016-17
Istarska-kup
Nogomet u Istarskoj županiji

Kup Nogometnog saveza Županije Istarske 2016./17.


Cette page concerne les évènements survenus en 1996 en Finlande  :

Évènement
  :
  : Élections européennes

Sport
 Championnat de Finlande de football 1996
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 1995-1996
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 1996-1997
 Participation de la Finlande aux Jeux olympiques d'été d'Atlanta.

Culture

Sortie de film
 Au loin s'en vont les nuages
 Jungle Jack 2 : La Star de la Jungle
 Le Violon de Rothschild

Création

 Football Club Lahti
 Institut Aleksanteri
 Université des sciences appliquées Arcada
 Université des sciences appliquées Diakonia
 Université des sciences appliquées de Vaasa

Dissolution

Naissance
 , sprinteur.
 Alma, chanteuse.
 , écrivaine.
 Klaus Mäkelä, chef d'orchestre et violoncelliste.
 Tero Seppälä, biathlète.
 , footballeur.

Décès
 , trompettiste.
 , juriste.
 , actrice.
 , actrice.

Notes et références

1996 en Finlande

1996 en Finlande


ProTell (oficialmente "Sociedad en pro de leyes liberales de armas") es una organización "grassroots" que aboga por los derechos de posesión de armas, actuando como lobby desde su sede en Berna, Suiza.

Circunstancias
La normativa suiza en materia de armas es un tanto única a nivel europeo, sobre todo debido a una norma que permite que las armas de servicio (incluyendo los subfusiles) se queden en el domicilio de sus titulares una vez concluido el servicio militar. Tratándose de un país con una larga tradición de tenencia de armas en manos de civiles, y donde la práctica del tiro de precisión está muy extendida entre la población, la labor de proTell se desarrolla en un ambiente relativamente favorable, comparado con otras organizaciones de su índole, aunque recientemente se ha visto retada por grupos contrarios a su filosofía.

La denominación por la que es conocida la organización, procede de la leyenda de Guillermo Tell, el famoso ballestero obligado a disparar una sola flecha contra una manzana colocada sobre la cabeza de su propio hijo, a 80 pasos de distancia. Se trata quizás del argumento legendario más emblemático de la independencia de Suiza, cuyo protagonista es admirado tanto por su heroísmo como por su habilidad con la ballesta, lo cual encaja con la filosofía del grupo.

Trayectoria
ProTell se fundó en 1978 con el objeto de "defender la legitimidad de ciudadanos honrados para portar armas", y se opone a cualquier norma restrictiva en este ámbito. Por otra parte, con el fin de ganar el apoyo de la ciudadanía a su ideario, se ha manifestado rotundamente en reiteradas ocasiones en contra del uso de las armas con fines violentos e ilegales.

El grupo fue uno de los principales oponentes al proyecto de ley denominado "Protección contra la violencia armada", sometido a referéndum en febrero de 2011. La iniciativa fue ampliamente rechazada por los ciudadanos suizos.

También es principal objetor a la iniciativa del Grupo para Suiza sin Ejército, de abolir el servicio militar obligatorio.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Web oficial de proTell (en alemán).

Organizaciones por la tenencia legal de armas

ProTell


Dünya, Güneş Sistemi'nde Güneş'e en yakın 3. gezegen. Şu anlamlara da gelebilir:

 Dünya, aynı adlı gezegen üzerindeki hayatı ifade eden terim
 Dünya, René Descartes tarafından yazılmış bir kitap
 Dünya, Ferdi Tayfur albümü
 Dünya,  Türkiye'de yayımlanan gazete
 "Dünya", Yasemin Mori şarkısı
 "Dünya", Gökçe'nin Beş Kuruş Yok albümünde yer alan bir şarkısı

Dünya (anlam ayrımı)


Arondismentul 18 (în ) este unul dintre cele douăzeci de arondismente din Paris. Este situat pe malul drept al fluviului Sena. Este delimitat la nord de comunele Saint-Ouen și Aubervilliers, la est de arondismentul 19, la sud de arondismentele 10 și 9, și la vest de arondismentul 17. Include cartierul Montmartre.

Demografie
{| class="wikitable"
! An
Populație
! Densitate(loc. pe km²)
|-
| align="left" | 1861 ||  ||
|-
| align="left" | 1866 ||  ||
|-
| align="left" | 1872 ||  ||
|-
| 1931 (vârf de populare) ||  ||
|-
| 1962 ||  ||
|-
| 1968 ||  ||
|-
| 1975 ||  ||
|-
| 1982 ||  ||
|-
| 1990 ||  ||
|-
| 1999 ||  ||
|-
| 2006 ||  ||
|-
| 2007 ||  ||
|-
| 2008 ||  ||
|}

Administrație

Primăria

Locuri

Instituții
 Cimetière Saint-Vincent
 Cimetière du Calvaire
 Cimetière de Montmartre
 Hôpital Bretonneau
 Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard

Principalele monumente

 Monumente civile
 Halle Pajol

 Monumente religioase
 Bazilica Sacré-Cœur din Paris
 Église Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
 Église Saint-Jean de Montmartre
 Église Saint-Bernard de la Chapelle
 Église Notre-Dame de Clignancourt
 Église Saint-Denys de la Chapelle
 Église Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Conseil (Paris)
 Église Sainte-Hélène (Paris)
 Église Sainte-Geneviève des Grandes Carrières
 Église Saint-Sava (biserică ortodoxă serbă)

 Facilități sportive
 Piscine Hébert
 Piscine des Amiraux

 Sale de spectacole
 Moulin Rouge
 Moulin de la galette
 Théâtre de l'Atelier
 Théâtre des Abbesses
 Les Trois Baudets
 L'Étoile du Nord
 Théâtre de Dix heures
 Théâtre de la Reine Blanche
 Le Trianon
 Théâtre des Deux Ânes
 La Cigale

Piețe și străzi
 Place de Clichy
 Place du Tertre
 Place Dalida

Legături externe

 Site-ul oficial

18
!

Arondismentul 18 din Paris


Nikolay Gavriloviç Çernişevski (; 12 Temmuz 1828 - 17 Ekim 1889) Rus devrimci demokrat, materyalist filozof, eleştirmen ve sosyalist. Bazıları tarafından bir ütopik sosyalist olarak değerlendirilmiştir. 1860'larda devrimci demokratik hareketin önderi konumundaydı. Sovyetler Birliği'nin kurucusu Vladimir Lenin, Emma Goldman gibi önemli isimleri etkilemiştir.

Hayatı
Yoksul bir papazın oğlu olarak Saratov'da 1828'de doğdu. 1846'ya kadar burada kaldı. Toprak köleliğinin Tanrısal bir kökene dayandırıldığının anlatıldığı, felsefenin tamamen yasaklandığı ve baskıcı bir tutumu benimseyen Sankt-Peterburg Üniversitesinde eğitim alırken büyük bir hayal kırıklığı yaşadı. Bu nedenle kendi imkanlarıyla bilhassa felsefe alanında okumalar yapan Çernişevski, Vissarion Belinski ve Alexander Herzen'in eserleriyle yakından ilgilenmiştir. Bu farkındalıklar ışığında Çernişevski, dönemin Rus toplumundaki yozlaşmışlıkları ve adaletsizlikleri daha iyi anlamış, bu nedenle devrimin kaçınılmaz bir tercih olduğuna inanmıştır. Bu düşüncelerini paylaştığı yazılarla Çernişevski, Çar II. Aleksandr ve yönetimin dikkatini çekmiştir. 1850'de Sankt-Peterburg Üniversitesi'nden mezun olduktan sonra, Saratov'da bir lisede (gymnasium) öğretmenlik yapmıştır. 1853'ten 1862'ye kadar Sankt-Peterburg'da yaşamış, Sovremennikte (Çağdaş) baş editör olmuştur. 1862 yılında 'sivil idam' (alay(cı) idam) hükmü verilmiştir, ardından cezai kölelik ve daha sonra Sibirya'ya sürgün edilmiştir. 1863 yılında yazdığı Nasıl Yapmalı? ve 1867-69 yıllarında yazdığı Prolog adlı romanlarında sosyalist idealleri işlemiştir. Çernişevskiy Nasıl Yapmalı'yı 4 Aralık 1862 ile 4 Nisan 1863 arasını kapsayan dört aylık sürede, Petropavlovsk zindanında yazmıştır. Daha sonra birçok Rus devrimcisine ilham kaynağı olacak roman, barındırdığı düşünceler açısından Robert Owen, Charles Fourier Fourier ve William Godwin gibi isimlerin etkilerini taşır denilebilir. Çernişevski, 17 Ekim 1889'da, doğduğu şehir olan Saratov'da ölmüştür. Çernişevski'nin çalışmaları, daha sonra Bolşevikler tarafından, Rusya'daki Marksizm öncesi devrimci demokrasinin en tutarlı temsilcisi olarak sahiplenilmiştir.

Çernişevski Rus popülizmi, Narodizmin kurucusudur. Kamuoyunu otokrasinin bir devrim ile devrilmesi ve sosyalist bir toplumun yaratılması için çalışmaya davet etmiştir. Düşüncesi eski köylü komününü temel alan bir sosyalizm yaratmaktı. Herzen, Belinsky ve Feuerbach fikirlerini büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir. Felsefi anlamda bir maddeci (materyalist) idi.

Karl Marx, Çernişevski'yi, "burjuva iktisadının iflasını ustaca ortaya koyan büyük Rus araştırmacısı ve eleştirmeni" olarak tanımlar. Ancak Çernişevski bir marksist değildi, daha doğrusu marksist yazından habersizdi.

Çernişevski'ye büyük hayranlık duyan Lenin ise onun Rusya'daki devrimci düşünce ve hareketin gelişimindeki rolünü şöyle açıklar; "...Herzen'den sonra Narodnik görüşleri geliştiren Çernişevski, Herzen'le karşılaştırıldığında büyük bir sıçrama yapmıştır. Çernişevski çok daha tutarlı ve militan bir demokrattı, onun yazıları sınıf mücadelesi ruhunu esinlendirir. O, liberalizmin ikiyüzlülüğünü teşhir etme yolunu kararlılıkla izlemiştir... Ütopik sosyalist görüşlerine rağmen, O, kapitalizmin dikkat çekici biçimde derin bir eleştirmeniydi." (Rusya'da İşçi Basınının Tarihinden)

Eserleri
 Nasıl Yapmalı? (Rusça: Что делать?, Chto délat'?) -orijinal adı Ne Yapmalı?- (1863)
 Prolog (Rusça: Пролог) (1867-1870)
Sanatta Gerçeklikle Estetik İlişkileri
Rus Edebiyatında Gogol Dönemi Üzerine Yazılar
Ortak Mülkiyete Karşı Felsefi Önyargıların Eleştirisi
Felsefede Antropolojik İlke
İnsan Bilgisinin Doğası

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Nikolai Chernyshevsky - spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk (İngilizce)

Çernışevski, Nikolay
1828 doğumlular
1889 yılında ölenler
Rus ateistler
Rus sosyalistler
Rus edebiyat eleştirmenleri

Nikolay Çernışevski


The commune () is the third-level divisions of Haiti. The 10 departments have 42 arrondissements, which are divided into 144 communes and then into 571 communal sections.

Communes are roughly equivalent to civil townships and incorporated municipalities.

Administration

Each commune has a municipal council (conseil municipal) compound of three members elected by the inhabitants of the commune for a 4-year term. The municipal council is led by a president often called mayor.Each commune has a municipal assembly (assemblée municipale) who assists the council in its work.
The members of the assembly are also elected for 4 years.

Each commune is ruled by a municipality.

List

Artibonite
Dessalines Arrondissement
Dessalines
Desdunes
Grande-Saline
Petite Rivière de l'Artibonite
Gonaïves Arrondissement
Gonaïves
Ennery
L'Estère
Gros Morne Arrondissement
Gros-Morne
Anse-Rouge
Terre-Neuve
Marmelade Arrondissement
Marmelade
Saint-Michel-de-l'Atalaye
Saint-Marc Arrondissement
Saint-Marc
La Chapelle
Liancourt
Verrettes
Montrouis

Centre
Cerca-la-Source Arrondissement
Cerca-la-Source
Thomassique
Hinche Arrondissement
Hinche
Cerca-Carvajal
Maïssade
Thomonde
Lascahobas Arrondissement
Lascahobas
Baptiste
Belladère
Savanette
Mirebalais Arrondissement
Mirebalais
Boucan-Carré
Saut-d'Eau

Grand'Anse
Anse d'Hainault Arrondissement
Anse-d'Hainault
Dame-Marie
Les Irois
Corail Arrondissement
Beaumont
Corail
Pestel
Roseaux
Jérémie Arrondissement
Jérémie
Abricots
Bonbon
Chambellan
Marfranc
Moron

Nippes
Anse-à-Veau Arrondissement
Anse-à-Veau
Arnaud
L'Asile
Petit-Trou-de-Nippes
Plaisance-du-Sud
Baradères Arrondissement
Baradères
Grand-Boucan
Miragoâne Arrondissement
Miragoâne
Fonds-des-Nègres
Paillant
Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes

Nord
Acul-du-Nord Arrondissement
Acul-du-Nord
Milot
Plaine-du-Nord
Borgne Arrondissement
Borgne
Port-Margot
Cap-Haïtien Arrondissement
Cap-Haïtien
Limonade
Quartier-Morin
Grande-Rivière-du-Nord Arrondissement
Grande-Rivière-du-Nord
Bahon
Limbé Arrondissement
Limbé
Bas-Limbé
Plaissance Arrondissement
Plaisance
Pilate
Saint-Raphaël Arrondissement
Saint-Raphaël
Dondon
La Victoire
Pignon
 Ranquitte

Nord-Est
Fort-Liberté Arrondissement
Fort-Liberté
Perches
Ferrier
Ouanaminthe Arrondissement
Ouanaminthe
Capotille
Mont-Organisé
Trou-du-Nord Arrondissement
Trou-du-Nord
Caracol
Sainte-Suzanne
Grand-Bassin et Terrier-Rouge
Vallières Arrondissement
Vallières
Carice
Mombin-Crochu

Nord-Ouest
Môle-Saint-Nicolas Arrondissement
Môle-Saint-Nicolas
Baie-de-Henne
Bombardopolis
Jean-Rabel
Port-de-Paix Arrondissement
Port-de-Paix
Bassin-Bleu
Chansolme
Lapointe
La Tortue
Saint-Louis-du-Nord Arrondissement
Saint-Louis-du-Nord
Anse-à-Foleur

Ouest
Arcahaie Arrondissement
Arcahaie
Cabaret
Croix-des-Bouquets Arrondissement
Croix-des-Bouquets
Cornillon
Fonds-Verrettes
Ganthier
Thomazeau
La Gonâve Arrondissement
Anse-à-Galets
Pointe-à-Raquette
Léogâne Arrondissement
Léogâne
Grand-Goâve
Petit-Goâve
Port-au-Prince Arrondissement
Port-au-Prince
Carrefour
Cité Soleil
Delmas
Gressier
Kenscoff
Pétion-Ville
Tabarre

Sud-Est
Bainet Arrondissement
Bainet
Côtes-de-Fer
Belle-Anse Arrondissement
Belle-Anse
Anse-à-Pitres
Grand-Gosier
Thiotte
Jacmel Arrondissement
Jacmel
Cayes-Jacmel
La Vallée
Marigot

Sud
Aquin Arrondissement
Aquin
Cavaillon
Saint-Louis-du-Sud
Fond des Blancs
Les Cayes Arrondissement
Les Cayes
Camp-Perrin
Chantal
Île-à-Vache
Maniche
Torbeck
Chardonnières Arrondissement
Chardonnières
Les Anglais
Tiburon
Côteaux Arrondissement
Côteaux
Port-à-Piment
Roche-à-Bateaux
Port-Salut Arrondissement
Port-Salut
Arniquet
Saint-Jean-du-Sud

References

External links
Code Postal Haitien
Haiti-Référence 7320. - Arrondissements et communes d'Haiti

See also
Haiti
Departments of Haiti
Arrondissements of Haiti
Communal section

Communes, Haiti

Subdivisions of Haiti
Haiti 3
Haiti geography-related lists

List of communes of Haiti


Simone Tanner Chaumet (1916. – 25. svibnja 1962.) bila je francuska mirovna aktivistica i volonterka za SCI (Međunarodna državna služba) između 1943. i 1945. u Francuskoj i između 1951. i 1956. u Alžiru. U državi Izrael 2011. godine počašćena je kao Pravednica među narodima za svoje akcije spašavanja židovske djece tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata.

Rani život
Chaumet je rođena tijekom rata 1914. – 1918., ali njezin točan datum i mjesto rođenja nisu poznati. Nikada nije poznavala svog oca. Ova je situacija utjecala na njezinu osjetljivost u mladim godinama. Njezina se majka ponovno udala. Njezin očuhje bio simpatičan muškarac koji je odveo svoju suprugu i dvije kćeri u Cannes da tamo žive. Veza između Simone i njezina očuha bila je intenzivna. Godine 1942. pridružila se CLAJ-u (Club loisirs action jeunesse) sa svojim prijateljem Jamyjem Bissérierom, a 1943. postala je tajnica CLAJ-a koji je bio povezan s "Amitiés Chrétienne" u Col du Fanget u francuskim Alpama. Dok je tamo radila, spasila je život židovskoj djeci (François Gelbert, Maurice i Charles Wrobel, Gilbert i Maxime Allouche) tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata u Francuskoj.

Chaumet i SCI (Međunarodna državna služba)
SCI je bio vrlo važan za Simone i njezin život. Pazila je na pozive SCI-a i odlučila je biti volonterka u ime SCI-a. Bila je vrlo aktivna u Francuskoj između 1945. i 1950. za ovu grupu i nastavila je biti dugogodišnji volonter u Alžiru između 1951. i 1956. Udala se za tajnika SCI-a Emilea Tannera. Simone je istraživala korisne aspekte obrazovanja dok je bila volonterka za SCI i osnovala je školu u Bouzareahu. Željela je pomoći ljudima koji nisu znali čitati i pisati i djeci koja su trebala obrazovanje.

Smrt i komemoracija
Ubijena je 25. svibnja 1962. u alžirskom ratu za neovisnost. Spomen-ploča postavljena je na Col du Fanget 7. svibnja 2005. godine. Djeca kojoj je Simone spasila život (François Gelbert, Gilbert i Maxime Allouche) prisustvovali su komemoraciji. Također, u Izraelu su je komemorirali jer je spasila živote židovske djece tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata u Francuskoj. Konačno, počašćena je 24. listopada 2011. godine kao Pravednica među narodima u okrugu Salle des Fêtes de la Mairie du 6e, 78 rue Bonaparte, u Parizu. Tanner-Chaumet navedena je na pločici zida alžirskog Ministarstva vanjskih poslova (Zida nestalih osoba izgubljenih tijekom ratova u Alžiru).

Izvori

Francuski aktivisti
Životopisi, Francuska
Mirovni aktivisti
Pravednici među narodima

Simone Tanner Chaumet


Sitoloji veya hücre biyolojisi, kökü Yunancadaki kytos, barındırıcı kelimesidir), hücrelerin fizyolojisini, yapısını, içerdiği organelleri, bulunduğu ortamla olan ilişkisini, yaşam döngüsünü, bölünmesini ve ölümünü inceleyen bir bilim dalıdır. Bu işlem hem moleküler hem de mikroskobik ölçüde gerçekleştirilir. Sitoloji araştırmaları, bakteriler ve protozoa gibi tek hücreli organizmalardan, insan gibi çok hücreli organizmalara kadar büyük bir alana yayılır.

Hücrelerin oluşumu ve görevleri hakkında bilgi edinmek, bütün biyolojik bilimlerin temelini oluşturur. Değişik hücre türleri arasındaki farklılık ve benzerlikleri ortaya çıkarmak, özellikle de moleküler biyolojinin yanı sıra kanser araştırmaları ve gelişim biyolojisi gibi biyomedikal alanlara çok büyük katkıda bulunur. Bir araştırmadan öğrenilen bilgiler, evrensel bazı teorileri ortaya çıkardığından, bir türün hücresinden edinilen bilgiler diğer türlere de uygulanılabilir hale gelir. Sitolojideki araştırmalar, özellikle genetik, biyokimya, moleküler biyoloji ve gelişim biyolojisine katkıda bulunur.

Tarihi
Hücreler ilk olarak 17. yüzyılda Avrupa'da bileşik mikroskobun icadıyla görüldü. 1665 yılında Robert Hooke, bir mantar parçasına baktıktan ve hücre benzeri bir yapıyı gözlemledikten sonra tüm canlı organizmaların yapı taşını "hücreler" olarak adlandırdı. Ancak bu hücreler ölüydü ve bir hücrenin gerçek genel bileşenlerine dair hiçbir gösterge vermedi. Birkaç yıl sonra, 1674'te Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, alglerin inceleyerek canlı hücreleri analiz eden ilk kişi oldu. Bütün bunlar, tüm canlıların hücrelerden oluştuğunu ve hücrelerin, organizmaların işlevsel ve yapısal birimi olduğunu belirten hücre teorisinden önce geldi. Birkaç yıl sonra Rudolf Virchow, hücre teorisine daha fazla katkıda bulundu ve tüm hücrelerin önceden var olan hücrelerin bölünmesinden geldiğini ekledi. Hücre teorisi yaygın olarak kabul edilmesine rağmen, geçerliliğini sorgulayan birçok çalışma vardır. Örneğin virüsler; zar, hücre organeli gibi canlı bir hücrenin ortak özelliklerinden ve kendi kendilerine üreme yeteneğinden yoksundur. Bilim insanları, virüslerin canlı olup olmadıklarına ve hücre teorisiyle uyuşup uyuşmadıklarına karar vermek için mücadele ettiler.

Süreçler

Proteinlerin taşınması

Proteinin her bir türü genellikle hücrenin belirli bir bölümüne gönderilir. Hücre biyolojisinin önemli bir parçası da hücre içindeki değişik bölgelere gönderilen veya hücre dışına salgılanan proteinlerin moleküler mekanizmasının incelenmesidir.

Proteinlerin pek çoğu sitoplazmadaki ribozomlarda sentezlenir. Bu süreç ayrıca protein biyosentezi veya basitçe protein translasyonu olarak bilinir. Bazı proteinler, zarlara dahil olacak proteinler gibi (zar proteinleri olarak bilinir), sentez sırasında endoplazmik retikuluma (ER) taşınırlar. Bu süreç, Golgi cisimciğine taşınma ve orada gerçekleşen birkaç işlemle devam eder. Zar proteinleri, Golgi'den hücre zarına, diğer hücre altı yapılara gidebilir veya hücreden dışarı salgılanabilir. Endoplazmik retikulum ve Golgi sırasıyla, "zar proteini sentez bölümü" ve "zar proteini işleme bölümü" olarak düşünülebilir. Proteinlerin bu bölümler boyunca yarı-durağan akışı vardır. ER ve Golgi'ye yerleşmiş olan proteinler, diğer proteinlerle birleşirler ancak kendi bölgelerinden ayrılmazlar. Diğer proteinler ER ve Golgi'den geçerek hücre zarına "akarlar". Motor proteinler, zar proteini içeren vezikülleri, akson terminalleri gibi hücrenin uzak parçalarına giden hücre iskeleti yolları boyunca taşır.

Sitoplazmada üretilen bazı proteinler kendilerini mitokondri veya çekirdeğe taşınmak için hedef göstermek gibi yapısal özelliklere sahiptir. Bazı mitokondrial proteinler, mitokondri içinde üretilir ve mitokondrial DNA tarafından kodlanır. Bitkilerde, kloroplast da bazı hücre proteinlerini üretir.

Hücre dışı ve hücre yüzeyindeki parçalanması hedeflenmiş proteinler, endositoz veziküllerine katılmaları üzerine hücre içi yapılara geri dönebilirler. Bu veziküllerden bazıları proteinlerin kendi amino asitlerine yıkıldığı yerde lizozomla kaynaşırlar. Bazı zar proteinlerinin yıkımı, daha hücre yüzeyindeyken sekretazlar tarafından bölündüğünde başlar. Sitoplazmada işlevini yerine getiren proteinler genelde proteazomlar tarafından yıkılır.

Diğer hücresel süreçler
 Aktif taşıma ve Pasif taşıma - Moleküllerin hücre içine ve dışına hareketi
 Otofaji - Hücrenin, kendi iç yapılarını veya mikrobiyal işgalcileri yeme işlemi
 Adezyon - Doku ve hücreleri bir arada tutma
 Hücre bölünmesi - yavru hücrelerin oluşumuyla sonuçlanan ve ökaryot hücrelerde gerçekleşen bir hücresel süreç; ayrı ayrı iki temel türü vardır: mitoz ve mayoz, eşeyli ve eşeysiz.
 Hücre taşınması: Kemotaksi, Kasılım, sil ve kamçı
 Hücre sinyalleşmesi - Dışarıdan gelen sinyaller tarafından hücre davranışlarının düzenlenmesi.
 DNA tamiri ve Hücre ölümü
 Metabolizma: Glikoliz, Hücresel solunum, Fotosentez
 Transkripsiyon ve mRNA uçbirleşimi - gen ekspresyonu.

Kayda değer hücre biyologları

 Anton van Leeuwenhoek
 Günter Blobel
 Marc Kirschner
 Peter Agree
 Keith R. Porter
 Ira Mellman
 Paul Nurse

 H. Robert Horvitz
 Christian de Duve
 Edmund Beecher Wilson
 Peter D. Mitchell
 Michael Swann
 George Emil Palade
 Geoffrey M. Cooper

Kaynakça

Sitoloji


Ermelunden er en (overvejende) løvskov på ca. 70 ha, der ligger sydvest for Jægersborg Dyrehave. Området er stærkt kuperet, med et fald på ca. 25 m fra Klampenborgvej mod syd ned til tunneldalen mellem Lyngby og Klampenborg. I dalen, hvor man nu finder Ermelundstien, havde man i ca. 1890-1920 mulighed for at aktivere den såkaldte "Oversvømmelse" hvorved dalen kunne fyldes med vand som en del af Københavns Befæstning. Jordbunden er hovedsagelig frugtbar lermuld, hvor man bl.a. finder gul anemone.

Centralt i skoven ligger et gammelt græsningsområde, Ermelundssletten, med tre vandhuller, bl.a. Hjortedam der i dag rummer en bestand af græskarper og den mindre Skovriderdam. På dette område har afholdtes flere større spejderstævner, herunder den 2. Verdensjamboree i 1924.

Ermelunden hørte oprindelig til det gamle  jagtslot Ibstrup der var placeret ved den nuværende Jægersborg kaserne. Søerne på Ermelundssletten, og specielt Hjortedammen ud mod Klampenborgvej, er oprindeligt etableret som slottets karpedamme.

Skovens nordgrænse udgøres af Klampenborgvej. I den vestlige del af skoven går Ermelundsvej fra Fortunen, via Jægersborg til Gentofte sø. Syd for Ermelunden ligger vandværket Ermelundsværket.

Kilder

Statsskove i Danmark
Gentofte Kommunes geografi

Ermelunden