Radová steht für:
 Radová, slowakischer Namen von Rejdová, Ort in der Slowakei

Personen:
 Lenka Radová (* 1979), tschechische Triatlethin und Olympiateilnehmerin
 Lucie Radová (Journalistin) (* 1985), tschechische Journalistin
 Lucie Radová (1931–2016), tschechische Malerin

Radová


Rodolfo Gómez Leal (Caracas, Venezuela) es un animador, locutor y actor venezolano. Actualmente se encuentra divorciado.

Inicios

Rodolfo Gómez Leal nació en la ciudad de Caracas y estudio publicidad y comunicación social. En sus inicios en el mundo artístico estuvo detrás de las cámaras y los micrófonos en distintos programas de televisión y luego estuvo como directivo de una agencia de publicidad y una importante productora venezolana. Fue productor de importantes canales de televisión en Venezuela.

Carrera

Radio
Rodolfo Gómez Leal se ha desempeñado como locutor en varios programas radiales. Inicio en este medio junto a Sergio Novelli, Alba Cecilia Mujica y Laureano Márquez. También ha compartido locución con los humoristas Emilio Lovera y Laureano Márquez. Desde el 2 de octubre de 2006 estuvo en el programa radial Ocean Drive junto a Antonella Baricelli en el circuito radial KYS. En el 2011 comenzó con el programa radial Con el Pie Derecho el cual estuvo al aire por 94NUEVE FM de 3 - 5pm; trabajando junto a grandes y bellas locutoras; y acompañándole en la actualidad la Periodista/Locutora Farlyn Tilano.

Cine

Ha participado en 2 novelas para Colombia y Miami y en el 2007 actuó en la película venezolana La Pura Mentira del director Carlos Daniel Malavé

Televen

Inició su carrera televisiva en Televen en el año 1995 con el programa de variedades En dos platos.

Luego animo los programas Fuera de Servicio, Telechou, en Mayo de 2004 estuvo en La guerra de  los sexos de Venevision, en el mismo año conformo el elenco de la serie de comedia Las Rothenmayer, entre el 2005 y 2006 participó en la serie Guayoyo Express.

En el 2007 animó el reality show Camino a la Fama, actuó en la telenovela El gato tuerto transmitida desde el 5 de noviembre de 2007 hasta el 18 de julio de 2008. Estuvo en la segunda temporada de Noche de Perros desde noviembre de 2008 hasta febrero de 2009.

La Tele

Luego de 15 años en Televen, Rodolfo Gómez Leal firmó un contrato con el canal La Tele para animar el programa de cocina y entrevistas El Guiso a partir del 12 de abril de 2010. El programa se mantuvo en el aire durante dos temporadas hasta su culminación el 29 de noviembre de 2014, coincidiendo con la desaparición de ese canal.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Televen
 Página oficial de La Tele
 Página oficial de El Guiso
 Facebook oficial de El Guiso
 Promo de El Guiso
 El Guiso promo "Plato 1:27"

Caraqueños
Locutores de radio de Venezuela
Presentadores de televisión de Venezuela
Actores de televisión de Venezuela
Actores de cine de Venezuela

Rodolfo Gómez Leal


El término Pisagua puede referirse a:

 Pisagua, localidad de Chile.
 Campamento de Prisioneros de Pisagua, campo de concentración ubicado en Pisagua durante la dictadura.
 Caso Pisagua, acciones judiciales tomadas por los crímenes realizados en dicho campo de concentración.
 Departamento de Pisagua
 Puerto Bajo Pisagua en la desembocadura del río Baker, en Aysén, Chile.
Además el término alude a algunas obras artísticas relacionadas con dichos eventos:
 Pisagua o La semilla en la arena, novela de 1957 del escritor chileno Volodia Teitelboim.
 Pisagua, álbum de Ángel Parra de 1973 basado en dicha novela.
 Pisagua, nueva versión de 2004 del álbum anterior, con Ángel Parra y la banda Ventiscka.
 Pisagua + Chacabuco, álbum de 2003 de Ángel Parra con varios intérpretes.

Pisagua (desambiguación)


PANS bzw. PANs steht für:

Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (Neuropsychiatrische Erkrankung)
Pans Labyrinth (Spielfilm aus dem Jahr 2006)
Personal Area Networks (Datennetze)
Procedures for Air Navigation Services (Verfahren/Prozesse der Flugsicherung)
Public Awareness of Nuclear Science

PANS

PANS


A Diocese de Jhabua (Latim:Dioecesis Jhabuensis) é uma diocese localizada no município de Jhabua, no estado de Madia Pradexe, pertencente a Arquidiocese de Bhopal na Índia. Foi fundada em 25 de março de 2002 pelo Papa João Paulo II. Com uma população católica de 48.150 habitantes, sendo 0,8% da população total, possui 32 paróquias com dados de 2018.

História

Em 25 de março de 2002 o Papa João Paulo II cria a Diocese de Jhabua através do território da Diocese de Indore e da Diocese de Udaipur.

Lista de bispos
A seguir uma lista de bispos desde a criação da diocese em 2002.

Ligações externas

Jhabua
Jhabua

Diocese de Jhabua


Robert Lee Pettit Jr. (født d. 12. december 1932) er en amerikansk tidligere professionel basketballspiller, som spillede 11 sæsoner i NBA, alle med Milwaukee/St. Louis Hawks. Han var den første spiller til at blive kåret som ligaens Most Valuable Player, og han vandt prisen i alt 2 gange i løbet af sin karriere. Han var også den første spiller i ligaens historie til at score 20.000 point over sin karriere.

Spillerkarriere

College
Pettit spillede collegebasketball hos Louisiana State University. Hans collegekarriere var blandt de bedste nogensinde på tidspunktet, og i hans sidste sæson i college i 1953-54 scorede han i gennemsnit 31,4 point per kamp. En rekord som ikke ville slået før 1968.

NBA karriere
Pettit blev draftet nummer 2 ved 1954 draften af Milwaukee Hawks. Pettit havde i sin collegekarriere spillet som center, men blev rykket til power foward efter han kom til NBA. Dette viste sig at være en fantastisk beslutning af Hawks' træneren, da Pettit i sin debutsæson imponerede stort, og han blev kåret som Rookie of the Year. Pettits anden sæson ville blive hans bedste hidtil, og han blev efter sæsonen kåret som den første modtager af den nyoprettet Most Valuable Player pris.

I 1956-57 sæsonen ledte Pettit Hawks til deres første NBA finale, hvor at de mødte Boston Celtics. Finalen imod Boston var intens, men på trods af Pettit scorede 39 point i den syvende og sidste kamp af serien, så tabte Hawks til Boston. Hawks havde i 1957-58 deres hidtil bedste sæson, og kom igen til finalen, og skulle her igen møde Celtics. Denne gang lykkedes det dog Hawks at vinde over Celtics, og Pettit vandt hermed sit første, og hvad ville blive hans eneste, NBA mesterskab. Pettit scorede i den sjette og sidste kamp af finale serien 50 point. Dette var en rekord for flest point i den afgørende kamp i en NBA finale, og rekorden ville holde frem til 2021, hvor at Giannis Antetokounmpomatchede rekorden, da han også scorede 50 i den afgørende finalekamp.

1958-59 sæsonen ville blive endnu en stor sæson for Pettit, og han blev efter sæsonen kåret som Most Valuable Player for anden gang i hans karriere. Pettit var fortsat blandt de bedste spillere i ligaen. Han scorede i 1961-62 sæsonen 31,1 point per kamp, hvilke var det bedste resultat i hans karriere.

I sin tid med klubben kom Hawks til finalen to gang mere, 1960 og 1961, men tabte begge gange til Celtics.

Pettit gik på pension efter 1964-65 sæsonen i en alder af 32, efter at have døjet med skader over de to forrige sæsoner.

Eftermæle
Pettits nummer 9 trøje er blevet pensioneret af Hawks, i dag spillede i Atlanta. Pettit blev i 1970 optaget i Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officiel NBA profil
 Basketball-Reference.com: Bob Pettit  (som spiller)
 Basketball-Reference.com: Bob Pettit  (som træner)

Personer fra Louisiana
Basketballspillere fra USA
Basketballspillere fra Milwaukee Hawks
Basketballspillere fra St. Louis Hawks
Medlemmer af Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Bob Pettit


Andrus Ansip (d. 1 Ekim 1956), Eston siyasetçi. Estonya eski başbakanı ve Estonya Reform Partisi başkanıdır.

Kariyeri
1979'da Tartu Üniversitesi'nin Kimya bölümünden mezun oldu. Siyasete atılmadan önce birçok bankacılık ve yatırımcılık işlerinde bulundu. Tartu Radyosunda yönetim kurulu başkanlığı da yaptı. 1 Kasım 2014 tarihi itibarıyla Dijital Tek Pazardan sorumlu Avrupa Komisyonu Başkan yardımcısıdır.

Kaynakça

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1956 doğumlular
Estonya başbakanları
Yaşayan insanlar
Avrupa Komisyonu başkan yardımcıları
Estonya ekonomi bakanları
Avrupa Parlamentosu Eston üyeleri

Andrus Ansip


L'ancienne chapelle Saint-Yves de Paris était un lieu de culte catholique situé rue Saint-Jacques dans l'actuel  de Paris. Cette chapelle disparue ne doit pas être confondue avec l'actuelle chapelle Saint-Yves de Paris, construite en 1925 dans le .

Histoire

Un an après la canonisation de saint Yves en 1347, des habitants de Paris décident de fonder une confrérie de dévotion au nouveau saint. Foulques de Chanac, évêque de Paris, approuve le projet par lettre d'. La confrérie réunit notamment des étudiants et maîtres originaires des diocèses de Tréguier, de Léon et de Cornouaille en Bretagne.

En attendant de construire un nouveau sanctuaire, les confrères se réunissent à l'église Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet.

Ils acquièrent .

La première pierre de la chapelle Saint-Yves est solennellement posée par le roi Jean Le Bon le . Cette pierre, conservée par l'ordre des avocats du Barreau de Paris, porte l'inscription suivante : .

La chapelle a porté à l'origine le titre d'« église royale de Saint-Yves » comme il apparait sur son sceau particulier : .

La cérémonie de consécration de la chapelle est célébrée le . L'édifice n'est pas complètement achevé à cette date.  donne ensuite la charpente et  offre un vitrail dans lequel il est représenté avec la famille royale au complet.

Les souverains bretons ne sont pas en reste. En 1413, les statues de , duc de Bretagne, et de son épouse, Jeanne de France, sont installées de chaque côté du portail.

Dans cette chapelle, desservie par un prieur et douze chanoines, se trouvent des reliques de saint Yves, notamment une côte, un doigt et un morceau du vêtement du saint. Le sanctuaire est surtout fréquenté par les juristes bretons de Paris.

La chapelle, qui était déjà en mauvais état au milieu du , est supprimée en 1793. Elle est vendue comme bien national à un nommé Lenoir qui la fait démolir en 1796 pour en revendre les matériaux.

Architecture

La chapelle Saint-Yves mesurait de  de largeur et  de longueur.

Deux tourelles pointues contenant les escaliers encadraient le portail. Le trumeau était orné d'une statue de Saint Yves. Autour du portail se trouvaient les statues de , duc de Bretagne, et de son épouse.

Une grande fenêtre rectangulaire, surmontée par un fronton soutenu par deux pilastres toscans, avait été ouverte au  dans la partie supérieure de la façade.

Peu de représentations de la chapelle Saint-Yves ont été conservées. L'une des plus intéressantes est la gravure de l'ouvrage d'Allain Manesson-Mallet, La Géométrie pratique (tome second), publié en 1702, page 151, . Elle montre l'édifice avant les transformations du .

Sépultures
De nombreuses sépultures armoriées se trouvaient à l'intérieur de la chapelle. On a conservé les représentations de sept tombes de maîtres-enseignants.

Les fondations de la chapelle concernent surtout, durant les premières décennies, les évêchés de Cornouaille et de Léon en Bretagne :

Cornouaille : Salomon de Mescoual (1360), Geffroy Lavenant (1384), Hervé Costiou (1393), Galeran de Pendref (1404), Hervé Sulven, Yves de Kerneau, Bertrand de Rosmadec, Maurice de Tresiguidy (1399), Morice de Kaergourant (1417), Olivier de Kerneguez (1411), Yves de la Forest (1436), Jean Aspery (1495), Guillaume de Tyvarlen (1521), etc.
Léon : Jean de Kerleoret (1386), Yvon de Kerambarz (1383), Alain Le Forestier (1393), Yves de Kerengar (1416), Nicolas et Hervé de Cluzrehou, , Jehan de Keroulay (1397), Gilles Raoul (1400), Yvon Gral (1402), Hervé Pochard (1433), Jean Corre (1459), Hervé de Kerasquer (1477), Henry de Kerguiziau (1489), Tanneguy Pape (1502), etc.

À partir du  des juristes d'autres régions de France s'ajoutent aux donateurs bretons.

Les fondations de la confrérie Saint-Yves de Paris ont fait l'objet de plusieurs études approfondies.

Notes et références

Saint-Yves (ancienne chapelle)
Saint-Yves (ancienne chapelle)
Paris, ancienne chapelle Saint-Yves

Ancienne chapelle Saint-Yves (Paris)


ريمون بلدة أردنية في محافظة جرش، تقع على مسافة 10 كم إلى الغرب من مدينة جرش، و54 كم إلى الشمال من مدينة عمان. تتميز بلدة ريمون بطبيعة ساحرة و خلابة و مناخ معتدل ويوجد فيها ينابيع المياه العذبة، وتنمو فيها أشجار التين والزيتون والحمضيات واللوزيات تحدها من الشمال بلدة سوف و من الجنوب بلدة الكتة. يبلغ ارتفاعها عن سطح البحر من 800 - 900 م. تتبع ريمون لمنطقة المعراض وهي جزء من قضاء جرش.

التسمية
تقول بعض الروايات أنه كان يطلق عليها دير الليمون لكثرة أشجار الليمون فيها، ثم حرفت فيما بعد إلى ريمون. وتقول الرواية الأخرى أن ريمون سميت بهذا الاسم نسبة إلى راهب يدعى ريمون كان يسكن المنطقة.

معالم أثرية
 مسجد ريمون المملوكي
يعود تاريخه إلى العصر المملوكي. تم ترميمه وإعادة بنائه سنة 1946 م في عهد الملك عبد الله الأول. ومن خلال دراسة الموقع فإن بناء المسجد والمنارة بناءان مملوكيان، وذلك من خلال النقوش الثلاثة التي كانت مثبتة على جسم المنارة، ويعود بناء المنارة إلى عهد الملك الظاهر بيبرس عام 676 هـ (1277 م) وتولى بناءها الأمير ايدمر الظاهر نائب دمشق، ونفذ البناء واشرف علية الأمير ناصر الدين منكلي وتم البناء في سنة 676 هـ، وطرأ تجديد وترميم على المنارة كما يستدل على ذلك من خلال النقوش الموجودة.
بعد الترميم أصبح المسجد بيتاً للصلاة، ويبلغ سمك الجدران مابين (1 ـ 2) متر وبيت الصلاة محمول على اثني عشر دعامة، عشر منها في الجدران واثنتان وسط البيت.
اما المئذنة ( المنارة ) فتقع في الزاوية الشمالية الشرقية من المسجد ويقع مدخلها في الجدار الشمالي لبيت الصلاة. يبلغ طول الجزء السفلي القديم منها 5.8 م، أما الجزء العلوي الجديد فطوله 5.7 متر والبناء من الحجر الكلسي.

السكان
يشير احصاء سنة 2015 إلى أن عدد سكان البلدة بلغ 7779 نسمة. بلغ عدد الذكور 4082 وعدد الإناث 3697. عدد الأسر 1514.

المراجع

قرى الأردن

ريمون


مليج إحدى قرى مركز شبين الكوم التابع لمحافظة المنوفية بجمهورية مصر العربية تقع على بعد 5 كيلومترات شمال شرق شبين الكوم في منتصف الطريق بينها وبين مدينة بركة السبع.

التاريخ
قرية مليج من القرى القديمة، واسمها الأصلي وقت الفتح الإسلامي لمصر ميليج ، وقد وردت باسم مليج في أعمال المنوفية ضمن قرى الروك الصلاحي التي أحصاها ابن مماتي في كتاب قوانين الدواوين، كما وردت باسم مليج في أعمال المنوفية ضمن قرى الروك الناصري التي أحصاها ابن الجيعان في كتاب «التحفة السنية بأسماء البلاد المصرية». وفي العصر العثماني كان اسمها في تربيع سنة 933هـ/1527م الذي أجراه الوالي العثماني سليمان باشا الخادم في عصر السلطان العثماني سليمان القانوني مليج ضمن قرى ولاية المنوفية، وفي تاريخ 1228هـ/1813م الذي عدّ قرى مصر بعد المسح الذي قام به محمد علي باشا باسم مليج ضمن قرى مديرية المنوفية.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان مليج 32,404 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضاً
قائمة قرى محافظة المنوفية

مصادر

الوحدة المحلية لقرية مليج (شبين الكوم)

مليج


Norma Aleandro Robledo (født 2. maj 1936) er en argentinsk skuespiller, sceneinstruktør og forfatter. Anerkendt som et lokalt filmikon. Betragtes som en af de bedste og mest berømte argentinske skuespillere.

Aleandro medvirkede i den Oscar-vindende film La historia oficial fra 1985, en rolle, der indbragte hende Cannes Award for bedste skuespillerinde. Hun har også udført i andre succesfulde film som La tregua (1974), Utroskab (1989), Sol de otoño (1996), El faro (1998), El hijo de la novia (2001) og Cama Adentro (2005). For hendes præstation som Florencia Sánchez Morales i  filmen Gaby: A True Story fra 1987, modtog hun en Golden Globe-nominering og en Oscar-nominering for bedste kvindelige birolle.

Aleandro har skrevet filmen Os Herdeiros fra 1970 og har udført i forskellige skuespil som f.eks. August: Osage County. Aleandro viste sig for nylig i den argentinske filmatisering af BeTipul, den kritiske succes En terapia.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra Argentina
Personer fra Buenos Aires
Forfattere fra Argentina
Sceneinstruktører
Argentinere i 1900-tallet
Argentinere i 2000-tallet
Oscar-nominerede skuespillere

Norma Aleandro


جيرارت هوفت أو جيرارت توفت  عالم في الفيزياء هولندي حصل على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1999 في الفيزياء بالاشتراك مع عالم الفيزياء الأمريكي مارتينوس فيلتمان. وقد جاء في تقدير لجنة جائزة نوبل لقيامهما «بتوضيح التركيب الكمومي للتآثر الضعيف». وقد سمي أحد النيازك باسمه 9491 توفت تكريما له .

ولد جيرارت هوفت في 5 يوليو 1946 في مدينة دين هيلدر بهولندا.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص مرتبطون بسيرن
أشخاص من أوترخت
أشخاص من دن هيلدر
أعضاء أجانب في الأكاديمية الروسية للعلوم
أعضاء أجانب في الأكاديمية الوطنية الأمريكية للعلوم
أعضاء الأكاديمية الفرنسية للعلوم
أعضاء الأكاديمية الملكية الهولندية للفنون والعلوم
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة أوتريخت
حائزون على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء
حائزون على جائزة وولف في الفيزياء
حائزون على وسام فرانكلين
حاصلون على ميدالية لومونوسوف الذهبية
خريجو جامعة أوتريخت
علماء من أوترخت (مدينة)
فائزون بجائزة سبينوزا
فيزيائيون نظريون
فيزيائيون هولنديون
فيزيائيون هولنديون في القرن 20
فيزيائيون هولنديون في القرن 21
قادة وسام أسد هولندا
مارس 1
مواليد 1946
مواليد في دن هيلدر
هولنديون حازوا جائزة نوبل

جيرارت هوفت


Die Liste gibt den Fortschreibungsstand vom 31. Mai 2018 wieder und umfasst achtzehn Baudenkmäler.

Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Holzheim

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Altenbaindt

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Ellerbach

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Eppisburg

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Fultenbach

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Weisingen

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Ehemalige Baudenkmäler

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Holzheim (bei Dillingen an der Donau)

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

 In dieser [ Kartenansicht] sind Baudenkmäler ohne Koordinaten mit einem roten bzw. orangen Marker dargestellt und können in der Karte gesetzt werden. Baudenkmäler ohne Bild sind mit einem blauen bzw. roten Marker gekennzeichnet, Baudenkmäler mit Bild mit einem grünen bzw. orangen Marker.

Holzheim #beiDillingen
!Liste

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Holzheim (bei Dillingen an der Donau)


James Conrad Verraros (born February 8, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor, who placed ninth on the first season of American Idol. Raised by deaf parents, he is fluent in American Sign Language and gained notoriety on American Idol for signing the lyrics to his audition song. After competing on the series, he released three pop rock, dance albums with music producer and songwriter Gabe Lopez. Verraros was also featured on the 2002 compilation album American Idol: Greatest Moments, covering "Easy" by the Commodores – this album reached number four on the Billboard 200 chart.

While participating in the 2002 American Idols LIVE! tour, Verraros came out as gay. He was the first American Idol finalist to come out, and he remained the series' only publicly gay finalist for over three years. Several organizations subsequently honored Verraros as an influential figure within the gay community (such as Out magazine, which named him to its "Most Intriguing People" list twice, first in 2002 and again in 2006). Throughout his music career, Verraros performed at numerous pride events. He also toured at gay clubs.

Verraros released his official debut album, Rollercoaster, through independent label Koch Records in 2005. It was accompanied by two singles and received generally positive reviews. Some of the songs from Rollercoaster had previously been featured on a demo album, Unsaid and Understood, which Verraros had self-released through mp3.com around 2003. The lead single from Rollercoaster, "You Turn It On", peaked at number twenty-one on the Billboard Dance Club Play Chart.

In addition to music, Verraros pursued an acting career. He had a starring role in the first two installments of the gay comedy film franchise Eating Out, and he had a cameo in Another Gay Movie. He also stayed involved with American Idol-related projects for several years. In 2003, he joined with various finalists from the first two seasons of the series for a promotional tour of select shopping malls throughout the United States, and later, he co-hosted a video recap series of American Idol's seventh season for AfterElton.com.

In 2007, Verraros released a non-album single about his then-to-be husband, Bill Brennan; the song, "You Make It Better", was featured in the second Eating Out film. Verraros and Brennan married in 2009. The same year as his wedding, Verraros self-released three new singles, although the accompanying second album, Do Not Disturb, was not released until 2011. Following Do Not Disturb, Verraros announced his intention to retire from music. He subsequently served as executive vice president of Brennan's organization, Bridal Expo Chicago and Bridal Expo Milwaukee. Verraros and Brennan have since separated.

Early life
Verraros was born on February 8, 1983, in Mount Prospect, Illinois. He grew up in nearby Crystal Lake. His father, Nicholas, and mother, Debbie, both lost their hearing after contracting German measles as infants. Verraros was raised to be fluent in American Sign Language. The responsibility of interpreting for his parents as a child led him to relate with people older than himself, more than he did with others his own age. Reflecting on his childhood, Verraros once said, "I had to do things like hold phone conversations and discuss things with doctors and even real estate agents. I had to become well-versed not only with sign language but with people skills as well...I didn't have time for bullshit."

Around the age of twelve or thirteen, Verraros realized that he is gay. Although he did not come out publicly until after adolescence, his sexual orientation was apparent to his classmates, who bullied him during middle school. In response, Verraros developed a more masculine appearance. In a 2003 interview, he said of the time, "I changed my image. I wore a lot of baggy jeans, I gained weight, and it was fine for a while." He also sought help from the school psychologist during those years. High school marked a more significant improvement for him – he became active in theater and went on to attend Monmouth College on a theater scholarship.

Upon later transferring to Columbia College, Verraros struggled to find acting opportunities. Insecure about the weight that he had put on, he began doing intensive workouts and became a vegetarian. Over the course of two and a half months, he lost around eighty pounds. Some people thought that he had developed an eating disorder, and Verraros later acknowledged that he most likely did.

Verraros was open about his sexual orientation with classmates at both colleges. Looking back in 2004, he said that people who had been mean to him in high school were "rooting" for him at Monmouth and that he came out to his mother and sister during this time. In another interview, he called the environment at Columbia "beyond gay-friendly".

American Idol
During his time at Columbia College, Verraros followed a friend's suggestion to try out for American Idol and attended the auditions in Chicago – even though his primary interest was acting. Verraros later said that he had only tried out "for fun" and without any expectations. In 2006, he reminisced, "I wasn't really looking for a record deal. I was looking for the experience, and everything just kind of... happened." The auditions were held only a few blocks away from his college dorm.

Attempting to stand out, Verraros chose to sing "When I Fall in Love" by Nat King Cole at his audition, rather than a pop song. He was nineteen at the time. While singing, he also signed the lyrics to his song. American Idol heavily focused on his parents' disabilities, and several publications speculated that Verraros may have been helped in the competition by sympathy votes.

Despite receiving positive remarks from the judges at his audition, Verraros began receiving largely negative feedback by the Top 30 semi-finals. Placed into Group 1 for that round he chose to reprise "When I Fall in Love". Simon Cowell and Paula Abdul both called this the best performance that Verraros had given on the series up to that point, but Cowell also called Verraros "ordinary" in comparison to that night's preceding performer, Tamyra Gray, and declared, "I think if you win this competition, we would have failed." Jessica Shaw of Entertainment Weekly called this the harshest critique that Cowell had given to any contestant on the series up to that point. First season co-host Brian Dunkleman recalled in a 2014 podcast overhearing the judges say that they were going to "nail Jim" on the night of the semi-finals. After the performance, Dunkleman offered Verraros reassurance, but during a commercial break, the series' executive producer, Nigel Lythgoe, purportedly took Dunkleman backstage and raged against him for not further demoralizing Verraros. Dunkleman recounted this as a partial explanation for why he quit the series after its first season.

Phil Rosenthal of the Chicago Sun-Times speculated that the severity of Cowell's comments during the semi-finals may have increased audience support for Verraros, who was voted through to the top ten. Originally, Verraros was going to be cut anyway. In his 2011 tell-all book, American Idol: The Untold Story, Richard Rushfield revealed that a "judge's cut" was going to be introduced as a twist to the semi-finals. After the Group 1 results episode went off air, Cowell went to the three contestants who had been voted through to the finals and told Verraros that the judges were overruling his advancement to the next round. Rushfield wrote that "A stunned Verraros and his fellow contestants burst into tears" upon hearing the announcement. Before the twist could be aired, Lythgoe reversed the decision, arguing that the audience's preference should be respected. In 2020, Lythoe and Verraros spoke together on a podcast and shared their own memories of the "judge's cut", clarifying that it actually occurred on the performance night rather than the results night.

His place in the top ten secure, Verraros planned to sing "Get Ready" by The Temptations for the first round of finals. The week's theme was Motown. Verraros won a coin toss against Kelly Clarkson, who also wanted to sing "Get Ready", but he switched course upon considering how much of the song is in falsetto. With a limited selection of Motown songs available for him to choose from, Verraros settled on "Easy" by The Commodores, even though he was unfamiliar with it. The judges were critical of the performance. Two contestants were voted off that week, and Verraros was the second eliminated, following EJay Day.

Performances

Public response
When Verraros advanced into the top ten for American Idol's first season, Shaw (of Entertainment Weekly) wrote of the contestant, "I can't decide whether I love him or loathe him." She likened Verraros to a forgettable boy-band member, but also wrote that she had appreciated Verraros' decision to use sign language during his audition. After Verraros was voted off the series, Shaw wrote of him, "I genuinely felt bad for the guy...Of course, I could have told you all that he wasn't advancing on to the next round. You can't follow up stellar singers like Tamyra and Justin [Guarini] with a tepid rendition of 'Easy.'" Jim Derogatis of the Chicago Sun-Times was more favorable. After watching all of the top ten finalists perform on their nationwide tour, he suggested that Verraros should have placed seventh and commended him for "doing as well as anyone could" with poor singing-material (referring to "Easy"). Another positive review of Verraros came from Rick Shefchik of the Saint Paul Pioneer Press, who wrote that Verraros sang a "tender version" of "When I Fall in Love" during the competition. Most critics, however, voiced negative opinions. Amy Amatangelo of the Boston Herald wrote that Verraros "lacked stage presence" and Eric Deggans of St. Petersburg Times called Verraros "obviously overmatched" among the other first season finalists. In his review of American Idol: Greatest Moments, Chuck Campbell of The Herald News was critical of Verraros' track on the album, writing "Verraros takes it too easy on his slack interpretation of Lionel Richie's Easy."

Post-Idol life and career

2002–2003: American Idol tour and related projects
About a month after being voted out of the top ten on American Idol'''s first season, Verraros joined thirteen other former contestants from the series to perform at various events in Northwest Indiana.  He participated in a group medley during American Idol's first season finale  and a few weeks later, he reunited with all of the series' top thirty contestants for the American Idol in Las Vegas TV special. Verraros then participated through October and November in the 2002 American Idols LIVE! tour, along with his fellow top ten finalists.  For each stop of the tour, he reprised his performance of "Easy" from the series.

Prior to competing on American Idol, Verraros had been open about his sexual orientation through an online journal. The Advocate, an American LGBT-interest magazine, discovered this journal while Verraros was on the series and contacted Fox with an interview request for the contestant. One day later, the journal was deleted. Verraros later explained to The Advocate that his journal had been removed because Fox did not want it to give him an unfair advantage in the competition. Verraros was open about his sexuality with the other American Idol finalists, whom he described as being very supportive.

Verraros came out publicly during the American Idol tour.  He also came out to his father at this time. In November 2002, Verraros was named as one of "2002's Most Intriguing People" by Out, another LGBT-interest magazine. Around that time, Verraros said, "I just thought it was time to come out. I really hate the segregation and only being able to hold hands in gay bars. We have to start breaking down the barriers. I want to be a gay advocate and let teens know that being gay is just a small part of who you are. And if people don't like it, it's their problem, not yours." Verraros gave an extensive interview to The Advocate in January 2003, which was described as his official "coming out", and in May, he participated in Boston's Youth Pride march.

The American Idol: Greatest Moments album, released October 1, 2002, features a recorded version of Verraros singing "Easy". The album reached No. 4 on the Billboard 200 chart. Asked during his run on American Idol what he might call his debut album, Verraros suggested "So You Say". Verraros moved to Los Angeles after the American Idol tour and was turned down by several agencies.  While in LA, he lived for two years with Natalie Burge and Christopher Aaron, both of whom were in the Top 30 with him on American Idol's first season. Throughout the Spring of 2003, Verraros participated in Coca-Cola's Behind the Scenes With American Idol promotional tour, in which he and a selection of other finalists from the first two seasons of the series performed across the country in shopping malls owned by the Simon Property Group.

2003–2005: Unsaid and Understood, Eating Out, and Rollercoaster
Los Angeles-based singer-songwriter and music producer Gabe Lopez reached out to Verraros, after hearing American Idol: Greatest Moments. The two began a collaboration based out of Lopez's home studio. Unsigned to a record label, Verraros self-released his debut album, Unsaid and Understood, in 2003. While recording the album, he worked at a tanning salon and at a phone bank. Unsaid and Understood was included on a list of six indie albums by gay and lesbian artists recommended by Adam B. Vary of The Advocate. Vary wrote that Verraros "sings with true passion and bracing maturity" on the album and singled out the track "So Deep", for being "so dirty even Xtina would blush." Another track on the album, "I Want You", was included on Bi the People, a 2003 compilation album of "bisexual artists and friends", which was released to raise money for the Bisexual Foundation. Multiple tracks from Unsaid and Understood topped the Rock and Pop charts on mp3.com, and the album won the 2004 Out Music Award for Outstanding New Recording – Debut Male. A tour of gay clubs was undertaken to promote the album.

Around the same time that Verraros was recording Unsaid and Understood, Q. Allan Brocka, an American Idol fan, cast Verraros as Kyle in his 2004 gay-themed comedy Eating Out. The film was produced on a budget of less than $1 million by Ariztical Entertainment.  Filming lasted ten days. Although intended as a straight-to-DVD release, it secured limited theatrical distribution in 2005, after performing well in film festivals. Two songs from Unsaid and Understood, "I Want You" and "Welcome to Hollywood", are included in Eating Out, as is a third song performed by Verraros, called "Visions of You". Writing again for The Advocate, Vary (along with Dennis Hensley) placed Eating Out among a group of films released in the mid-2000s that he and Hensley felt constituted a "New New Queer Cinema", after the initial "New Queer Cinema" movement faded in the 1990s. Vary also argued that, as a college sex comedy, Eating Out is notable for being an early example of a gay genre film. Eating Out received mostly negative reviews, although Verraros was praised for his performance by Dana Stevens in a review for The New York Times, who wrote that Verraros "has a scrappy energy that sets him apart from the bland and vulgar proceedings" of the film.

Rollercoaster

According to ChicagoPride.com, Verraros pitched Unsaid and Understood to "every major label in the U.S. two or three times" without success. Verraros then pursued a record deal in the United Kingdom, hoping that British labels would be more willing to work with an openly gay artist, although nothing materialized from this. New York-based indie label Koch Records began communicating with Verraros over the summer of 2004 about the possibility of featuring him on a compilation album of songs by American Idol finalists. Verraros sent Koch Records a demo tape and was signed to the label within a week. Unsaid and Understood was then revamped and released through Koch Records as Rollercoaster on April 26, 2005. This was marketed as Verraros' official debut. The album recycles several songs from Unsaid and Understood, in addition to featuring new material.

Several publications noted that Verraros went through a significant image change between his time on American Idol and the release of Rollercoaster. Verraros explained that he had "come into [himself]" during that time, having improved his figure and become more involved within the LGBT community. The Advocate wrote that on American Idol, Verraros had been "a slightly geeky kid with a stiff stance...[and] a preppy look [that] included dark- rimmed glasses, spiky hair and a stone-washed jeans jacket" – in contrast, The Advocate wrote, Verraros possessed "bad-boy good looks" and "long rock-star hair" when Rollercoaster was released. The Houston Chronicle added that the "shaggy dark cut, eye makeup and slick threads" that Verraros had adopted at the time gave him sex appeal. Verraros himself assessed his look on American Idol as having been "[very] Midwestern" – he said that he was wanting to distance himself from associations with the series and that he was excited "to see how people would react to such a crazy change".

A release party for Rollercoaster was held on April 27, 2005, at the Roxy Theatre in Hollywood. The date was chosen to follow Eating Out's Spring premiere in US theaters.

"You Turn It On" was released as Rollercoaster's first single. The song debuted at number forty-eight on the Billboard Dance Club Play Chart, where it spent eleven weeks, peaking in early June at number twenty-one.

"You're Getting Crazy (Estas Enloqueciendo)" was released in October as the album's second single. Billboard wrote that it "treads in similar territory [as "You Turn It On"] stirring the beats into a simmering frenzy." The song received multiple remixes by Mike Cruz and L.E.X, which Edgemedianetwork.com called "as slick, upbeat and professional as anything else currently climbing the charts." Billboard suggested that the song could become a hit, if Verraros released an accompanying music video, although no music videos were ever released for any of the songs on Rollercoaster.

Shortly after releasing Rollercoaster, Verraros moved back to Crystal Lake, where he lived with his family for a time. Over the summer of 2005, he performed at the wrap party for American Idol's fourth season, served as a judge during the finals of "Windy City Gay Idol" (held by the Windy City Times at the Circuit Nightclub in Chicago), attended a pride ceremony held by the New York City Council, and also served as a judge at the World of Chocolate, a charity event for the AIDS Foundation of Chicago. He participated in several local events around Chicago during this time and performed in multiple pride events, including the LA Pride and Chicago Pride parades. He also performed, along with American Idol second season third place finalist Kimberley Locke, at the Kansas City Gay Pride Festival in June and at the New York City Gay Life Expo in November. A club tour was considered to promote Rollercoaster.

2006–2007: Eating Out 2: Sloppy Seconds and unrealized film projects
Twice in the mid-2000s, Verraros was called a "gay icon" by the Chicago Sun-Times, first in 2004, and again in 2006.  The New York Post noted in 2006 that Verraros had "gained a cult following" due to his role in Eating Out. In 2009, PopCrush claimed that "almost immediately" after appearing on American Idol, Verraros had become "a huge symbol within the LGBT community", and that same year, the Washington Examiner wrote that Verraros "has been a fixture in the gay world...practically becoming a gay sex-symbol through the years." Verraros remained the only American Idol finalist to be publicly out until 2006, when his fellow first season finalist R.J. Helton came out.  Helton had confided in Verraros about his sexual orientation on the night of the first-season finale, shortly before the group went on tour and before Helton had come out to any of the other first season finalists.

Verraros returned to the role of Kyle in Eating Out 2: Sloppy Seconds, which filmed during the Summer of 2006  and screened in several film festivals,  before receiving a theatrical release on November 22. Brocka returned as co-writer, but passed directorial duties over to the first film's editor, Phillip J. Bartell.  The film features a song written by Verraros and Lopez, called "You Make It Better", which was released as a single on July 17, 2007. Like its predecessor, Eating Out 2: Sloppy Seconds received mostly negative reviews. It was described as a cinematic landmark however, by multiple publications, for being the first sequel to a gay film.

In June 2006, the Windy City Times included Verraros in its "30 Under 30" list of young figures who had made positive contributions to the LGBTQ community. Throughout that year, Verraros continued performing at local events around Chicago; he was also featured on American Idol Rewind, filmed a guest appearance for the pilot of a cooking show called The Astrological Kitchen, and released a duet called "Sweat" with indie artist Jamie O'Brien. Once again, Verraros was named to Out magazine's "Most Intriguing People" list for that year.

In November 2006, it was reported that Verraros was living in East Dundee, Illinois, with his long-time boyfriend. It was also reported at this time that Verraros' second album would be released in 2007. In a December 2006 interview with gay-interest website Atlantaboy.com, Verraros said that Rollercoaster had been "pretty much all over the place" and that his next album would be "more focused", while in April 2007, the Daily Herald wrote that a follow-up to Rollercoaster was scheduled to be released that May. Verraros had also told Atlantaboy.com that he was "heading more toward the film thing" and that if he ever released a music video, he would hope to co-direct it. Around this time, he mentioned that he had been cast in three films; one was described as a dark LA-based romance, in which he would play a cocaine addict who falls in love with a struggling actor, another, referred to by the title Copacabana: Of Love and Shadows, was described as a Rio de Janeiro-based musical, in which Verraros would play both male and female roles; and the third, referred to by the title Pizza on Sunset, was described as a gay LA-based romantic comedy. By July 2007, Verraros still had not released his second album. It was announced over the summer that he was "writing and recording [the album] in Malibu, California" with producers Gary Miller and John Porter. On a July podcast for the Windy City Times, Verraros said that he was aiming for a January 2008 release.

2007–present: Return to American Idol-related projects, marriage, and Do Not Disturb
The 2007 book Chicken Soup for the American Idol Soul by Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, and Deborah Poneman, features a chapter about Verraros, which Poneman called her favorite story in the book. During a press interview, Poneman said, "I thought it was so amazing that a kid got to number eight or nine on 'American Idol' with parents who are deaf...His story makes me cry, when he realized that even though the whole country was cheering for him because they loved his voice, the two people that he loved the most would never be able to hear him sing." Verraros appeared at multiple book signings in Illinois during January 2008 with Poseman and American Idol sixth season finalist Gina Glocksen.

Throughout the first half of 2008, Verraros recapped the seventh season of American Idol for ChicagoPride.com and co-hosted video recaps of that season with Penny Frulla for AfterElton.com. He was also featured on Usmagazine.com as a guest recapper for that season's Top 12 episode. In January 2008, the Chicago Free Press named Verraros "Best LGBT Musician of 2007" in its "Pressie Awards". In a subsequent Myspace post expressing his gratitude for the award, Verraros announced that his second album, which still had not been released, would be called Do Not Disturb (AfterElton.com had previously reported that the album would be called Chapter Two). Verraros accepted the Pressie award in March, around which time he said that Do Not Disturb would be "coming out in the next couple of months."

Verraros cameoed as a priest in Another Gay Sequel: Gays Gone Wild!, which was released in the Summer of 2008. That same year, the electronica album Ear Therapy was released by DJ Russ Harris, which features Verraros on the track "Another Lifetime", and the following year, Verraros released three new singles on iTunes – "Touch (Don't U Want 2)" on January 20; "Electric Love" on May 26; and "Do Not Disturb" on November 9. All three songs were written and produced by Gabe Lopez, whose official website announced that the accompanying album's release date had been pushed back to late 2010. Samuel Lora of the Washington Examiner gave "Touch (Don't U Want 2)" a negative review, calling it "simple and vapid". He also wrote that the song "is overdone with heavy beats and crowding vocals". "Electric Love" fared somewhat better with Lora, who called it "pretty decent" but also felt that it was mimicking the sound of other, more successful artists. Lora likened the song to a "less powerful" version of "Larger Than Life" by the Backstreet Boys or something by "Nick Carter if he were making Justin Timberlake music". Lora had kinder words for "You Make It Better", which had been released as a single two years earlier.

In November 2009, Verraros served as a judge for Rialto Idol, a singing competition held by the Rialto Square Theatre for the ComEd Festival of Trees.  Entertainment Weekly reported in March 2010 that Verraros was looking for "an indie label to release [Do Not Disturb]." Several years earlier, in 2006, Verraros had mentioned the possibility of his second album being released through Sony BMG's then-newly formed gay-focused label, "Music With a Twist". Ultimately, Do Not Disturb was released on October 18, 2011, through Red Queen Music – Sound Axis. Ten tracks are included on the album, out of dozens that were written and recorded throughout the development process. Verraros told Entertainment Weekly in 2010 that Do Not Disturb would likely be his final album, saying "I think I'd like to just pull away [from singing] and focus [more on acting]."

Marriage

On September 6, 2009, Verraros married Bill Brennan in their shared home state of Illinois. The couple first met through MySpace in 2005, at which point they decided to meet in person, after realizing that they only lived about twenty minutes away from each other. A few months later, they moved in together. Brennan proposed to Verraros two-and-a-half years after they began dating. Although Illinois did not legally recognize gay marriage in 2009, Verraros said that he and Brennan "wanted the day to be a reflection of [their] love and commitment to each other as well as a statement to other gay couples in Illinois". Each of the groom's fathers served as their best men in the wedding. The song "You Make It Better" from the film Eating Out 2: Sloppy Seconds was written by Verraros about Brennan and was included in the music set list for their wedding. The marriage was later legalized in Iowa.

Brennan is the president of Bridal Expo Chicago and Bridal Expo Milwaukee. In 2006, Verraros signed an endorsement deal to serve as spokesman for the business; he eventually became executive vice president. Kelly Clarkson and Verraros maintained a friendship after competing on American Idol together, and Verraros helped design the headpiece that Clarkson wore for her 2013 wedding.

By 2019, Verraros and Brennan had separated. Verraros is currently engaged. On November 20, 2021, Verraros married Sean Michael Buck.

Filmography
 American Idol Season 1 (2002) – Himself
 Eating Out (2004) – Kyle
 Eating Out 2: Sloppy Seconds (2006) – Kyle
 Another Gay Sequel: Gays Gone Wild!'' (2008) – Priest

Discography

Demo albums

Albums

Compilation appearances

Singles

As featured artist

Footnotes

References

External links

 Official Website (Archived: 2019)
 Official Website (Archived: 2004)

1983 births
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American male actors
American dance musicians
American Idol participants
American male singer-songwriters
American male pop singers
American people of Greek descent
American pop rock singers
Columbia College Chicago alumni
MNRK Music Group artists
American gay actors
American gay musicians
Gay singers
Gay songwriters
LGBT people from Illinois
American LGBT singers
American LGBT songwriters
Living people
Male actors from Illinois
Monmouth College alumni
People from Crystal Lake, Illinois
People from Mount Prospect, Illinois
Singer-songwriters from Illinois
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American LGBT people
American gay writers

Jim Verraros


Jughead Jones er en fiktiv figur i den meget populære serie Riverdale. Han bliver spillet af den amerikanske skuespiller Cole Sprouse. Jughead er kendt for at være mystisk, modig og til tider en ekstremt overilet mand.

Fiktive personer

Jughead Jones


Der 1. FC Herzogenaurach ist ein Fußballverein aus der mittelfränkischen Stadt Herzogenaurach.

Geschichte
Der Verein wurde 1916 gegründet. Unterstützt vom örtlichen Sportartikelhersteller Puma und dessen Besitzer Rudolf Dassler spielte der Verein zwischen 1970 und 1981 insgesamt sieben Jahre lang in der Bayernliga. 1975 qualifizierte er sich für die erste Hauptrunde im DFB-Pokal, wo man beim Bremer Verbandsligisten SGO Bremen mit 1:5 unterlag. Nach langsamen sportlichen Niedergang spielte der Verein bis 2016 in der Kreisliga (Erlangen/Pegnitzgrund 1), ehe der Aufstieg in die Bezirksliga und 2018 in die Landesliga erfolgte.

Bekanntester Spieler aus den Reihen des Vereins ist der deutsche Rekordnationalspieler Lothar Matthäus, dessen Vater bei Puma arbeitete.

Erfolge

Meisterschaften
 Landesliga Mitte
 Meister: (3) 1970, 1977, 1979
 Vizemeister: 1975

Pokalwettbewerbe
 Bayerischer Pokal
 Sieger: 1954
 Mittelfränkischer Pokal:
 Sieger: 1975

Teilnahmen
 Bayernliga (III)
 1970/71–1973/74, 1977/78, 1979/80, 1980/81
 DFB-Pokal
 1. Hauptrunde: 1975/76

Spieler
 Thomas Adler
 Lothar Matthäus
 Gerry Neef
 Pascal Köpke
 Walter Rauh
 Baptist Reinmann
 Ferdinand Wenauer
 Josef Zenger
 Franz Zimmert

Trainer
 Franz Brungs
 Herbert Erhardt
 Adolf Knoll
 Hans Nowak
 Dieter Nüssing
 Franciszek Smuda
 Heinrich Stuhlfauth
  Jenő Vincze (1975)

Weblinks
 Offizielle Vereinsseite

Herzogenaurach, FC
Herzogenaurach, FC
Gegründet 1916
Sportverein (Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt)
Organisation (Herzogenaurach)

1. FC Herzogenaurach


Unter dem Begriff "virtuelle Fitness" (Cybersport, Cybertraining oder Cyberfitness genannt) wird im Allgemeinen Fitnesstraining mit Hilfe virtueller Medien verstanden.

Unterschiede zu normalem Fitnesstraining
Zurzeit ist umstritten, ob virtuelle Fitness das traditionelle Fitnessprogramm tatsächlich ersetzen kann.

Eine klinische Studie aus den USA hat ergeben, dass virtuelles Fitnesstraining Demenzerkrankungen vorbeugt. Gerade virtuelles CyberCycling, also das virtuelle Training auf einem Ergometer, hat sich als besonders effektiv erwiesen. Wissenschaftler des American Journal of Preventive Medicine haben im Jahr 2012 die Auswirkungen von virtuellem Fitnesstraining bei älteren Menschen untersucht. Das Ergebnis: Virtuelle Cycling-Programme fördern die geistigen Fähigkeiten mehr als das herkömmliche Training auf einem Ergometer.

Historie
Das europaweite Erscheinen von Nintendo Wii Fit im April 2008 (In Japan bereits im Dezember 2007) kündigte den Anfang eines weltweit neuartigen Fitness-Trainings an. Vor dem Computer oder TV-Bildschirm können Sportler auf dem Wii Balance Board virtuell verschiedene Fitness-Programme zu Hause durchführen. Von seinem Erscheinen in Japan bis zum November 2010 verkaufte sich das Balance Board weltweit rund 32 Millionen Mal. In Deutschland eroberte CyberCycling etwa zeitgleich rund 100 Fitnessstudios. Anbieter im Online-Fitness-Bereich sind unter anderen Pure-Life und CyberConcept. Die Erweiterung PlayStation Move der PlayStation 3 erschien im September 2010. Xbox Kinect erschien kurze Zeit später im November 2010 und revolutionierte die Bewegungsspielära, da bei Kinect keinerlei Controller erforderlich sind.

Auch McFit setzt neuerdings auf das CyberTraining-Prinzip. Innerhalb der Fitnessstudios kann an verschiedenen Kursen teilgenommen werden. Die teilweise prominenten Trainer liefern die Trainingseinheiten hierbei auf der Leinwand.

Plattformen und Möglichkeiten

Zwift
Bei Zwift wird Laufen mit einem Laufband oder Radfahren mit einer Trainingsrolle oder einem Ergometer trainiert. Es sind dabei auch Wettkämpfe möglich.

Nintendo Wii Fit
Für die Nintendo Wii gibt es das sogenannte Balance Board zu kaufen. Dieses wird zusammen mit dem Spiel Wii Fit geliefert. Wii Fit ist eine Sammlung aus Muskelaufbau-, Yoga-, Balance- und Aerobicspielen. Der Benutzer kann ein eigenes Profil mit seinen aktuellen Daten, seiner Konfektion und seinem Wunschgewicht angeben und mit Wii Fit gezielt trainieren und abnehmen und/oder Muskelmasse aufbauen. Die Übungen werden auf dem Balance Board und/oder mit der Wii-Fernbedienung und dem Nunchuk ausgeführt. Da das Balance Board auch über eine Waagen-Funktion verfügt und die Wii einen integrierten Kalender besitzt, dokumentiert die Konsole alle Trainingseinheiten und warnt den Benutzer vor zu viel Ehrgeiz oder erinnert ihn an das Training.

Seit 2012 gibt es die Nachfolgerversion Wii Fit Plus. Aufbauend auf seinem Vorgänger enthält es über 60 Spiele – darunter 15 komplett neue.

PlayStation Move
Auch auf der 2005 veröffentlichten PlayStation 3 gibt es seit der Einführung der Move Controller ein Fitnessangebot. Verschiedene Sportarten wie Tennis, Tanz oder Aerobic können mit Hilfe der Bewegungssteuerung von PlayStation Move, die im Prinzip der der Wii ähnelt, und einer Kamera bewältigt werden. So werden die Bewegungen präzise auf den Bildschirm übertragen und in das Spielgeschehen integriert.

Das Pendant zu Wii Fit ist EA Sports Active 2. Auch dieses Spiel bietet abwechslungsreiche Trainingseinheiten, die speziell auf den Benutzer abgestimmt werden können. Für die Trainingseinheiten werden Bewegungssensoren an Arme und Beine geschnallt. Durch das enthaltene Pulsmessgerät kann darauf geachtet werden, dass der Körper nicht falsch belastet wird. Die volle Entfaltung findet das Spiel aber erst in Verbindung mit Xbox Kinect (siehe unten).

Neben Move Fitness oder Adidas MiCoach gibt es auch das Spiel Get Fit with Mel B. In diesem Spiel kann der Benutzer ebenfalls seine persönlichen Angaben machen und erhält somit einem individuellen Trainingsplan. Zusätzlich liefert das Spiel auf Wunsch auch einen ausgewogenen Ernährungsplan.

XBox Kinect
Xbox Kinect bietet dem Benutzer die Möglichkeit, ohne jegliche Steuerelemente am Körper, ein Spiel durch Bewegung und Sprache zu steuern. Die neuartige Kamera kann Bewegungsabläufe mit hoher Präzision erkennen. Für dieses System sind neben EA Sport Active 2 unter anderem noch die Bewegungsspiele Kinect Sports, Your Shape: Fitness Evolved, Motion Sports und Zumba Fitness erschienen. Anfang Juni 2012 stellte XBox auf der Spielemesse E3 gemeinsam mit dem Sportartikelhersteller Nike das Fitnessprogramm Nike+ Kinect Training vor, die Markteinführung sollte im Dezember 2012 sein. Dieses passt sich automatisch dem Fitnesszustand des Nutzers an sowie ermöglicht ein virtuelles Kräftemessen mit anderen vernetzten Personen.

Einzelnachweise

Training (Sport)

Virtuelle Fitness


The Household Division forms a part of the British Army's London District and is made up of five regiments of foot guards and two Household Cavalry regiments. The division is responsible for performing public duties and state ceremonies in London and Windsor. Such functions include the State Opening of Parliament, Trooping the Colour, and mounting the King's Guard.

Composition

In the United Kingdom, the Household Division consists of seven regiments, giving rise to the division's motto of Septem juncta in uno (Latin for 'seven joined in one'). The Household Division is made up of the Household Cavalry, which includes The Life Guards and The Blues and Royals, as well as five regiments of foot guards – the Grenadier Guards, Coldstream Guards, Scots Guards, Irish Guards and Welsh Guards. The Household Division also includes the following incremental companies: Nijmegan Company – Grenadier Guards, No 7 Company – Coldstream Guards, F Company – Scots Guards, Numbers 9 and 12 Company – Irish Guards. The Household Division is commanded by the Major-General commanding the Household Division who is also General Officer Commanding London District.

History
The Household Division was once responsible for mounting the guard to several institutions in London. In 1819, the Household Division maintained ten separate guard mountings for 89 sentry posts. These include the Armoury Guard, the British Museum Guard, the Kensington Palace Guard, the King's Guard, the Magazine Guard, the Military Asylum Guard, the Savoy Prison Guard, the Tylt Guards, and the York Hospital Guard. In addition, the Household Division also provided night guards for the Bank of England, Covent Garden Opera House, and Drury Lane. However, the Household Division's commitment to most of these postings, besides the King's Guard, ceased at the end of the 19th century. From 1950 to 1968, the Household Division was known as the Household Brigade.

Similar units in the Commonwealth
Several other military units of the Commonwealth of Nations perform a similar function to the British Army's Household Division.

Australia
In 2000, the Australian Defence Force established the Australia's Federation Guard, creating the first ceremonial unit in the force's history for the commemoration of the centenary of Australian federation. The unit performs ceremonial functions on the Australian government's behalf, like forming a guard of honour, and guarding members of the Royal family.

Canada

In Canada, the two regiments of foot guards, the Governor General's Foot Guards and the Canadian Grenadier Guards, are responsible for mounting the guard at Rideau Hall, the residence of the monarch and governor general in Ottawa, and the Trooping of the Colour at Parliament Hill in Ottawa.

India
The President's Bodyguard is the successor to the Governor General's Bodyguard, which was established in 1773 as the Governor's Troop of Moghuls. Its primary role is to escort and protect the President of India.

Malaysia
The Malaysian Army's Malaysian Royal Armoured Corps Mounted Ceremonial Squadron escorts and protects the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and the Raja Permasuri Agong (King and Queen of Malaysia) and mounts the guard at Istana Negara, which is the Royal palace in Kuala Lumpur. The Royal Malay Regiment typically mounts guards of honour for the Royal family and visiting dignatories.

Gallery

See also
 Royal guard

References

External links

 Household Cavalry website

Regiments of the British Army

Military units and formations of the Canadian Army
Infantry regiments of the Indian Army from 1947
British Defence Forces

Household Division


Kad ćeš se udati? (tahićanski: Nafea faa ipoipo?) je umjetničko djelo, ulje na platnu, koje je naslikao Paul Gauguin 1892. godine. U veljači 2015. godine njezin vlasnik, Rudolf Staechelin, prodao ju je Šeiki Al-Majasi bint Hamad Al-Tani, sestri kralja i princezi Katara, za skoro 300 milijuna $, što je najveća cijena ikada plaćena za neko umjetničko djelo. Slika je ipak ostala u svom prijašnjem postavu u muzeju Fundacije Beyeler u Bernu do 28. lipnja 2015. god.

Povijest

Gauguin je za vrijeme njegova boravka na Tahitiju od 1891. god. gajio nade kako će pronaći "rajski vrt gdje može stvarati čistu "primitivnu" umjetnost", za razliku od lažne primitivne umjetnosti koja je tada nastajala u Francuskoj. Odmah po dolasku pronašao je kako Tahiti nije onakav kakvim ga je zamišljao; koloniziran još od 18. stoljeća s dvije trećine Tahićana umorenima europskim bolestima. "Primitivna" kultura je već bila nestala, no usprkos tomu Gauguin je često slikao lokalne žene nage ili polunage, odjevene u tradicionalnu narodnu nošnju, ali i odjevene u zapadnjačke haljine, kao što je stražnja figura na slici "Kad ćeš se udati?".
Prednji i srednji plan su ispunjeni zelenim, žutim i plavim plohama, dok je tradicionalno odjevena djevojka smještena na pragu između ova dva plana. Povjesničar Richard Field je pretpostavio kako bijela tahićanska gardenija iza njezina lijevog uha znači kako je ona za udaju. Djevojka se proteže dok je njezino lice stilizirano i pojednostavljeno. Iza nje se nalazi uspravna žena s dugim vratom odjevena u zapadnjačku haljinu s rukom u budističkoj pozi upozoravanja (mudra). Ona je okružena snažno plavo-bijlim plohama i njezino lice ima individualne odlike, te se nalazi u središtu slike. Ružičasta boja njezine haljine snažno odudara od ostalih boja na slici. Na dnu slike nalazi se natpis: NAFEA Faa ipoipo ("Kad ćeš se udati"). U to vrijeme Gauguin je, oduševljen jezikom, svoje slike nazivao tahićanskim naslovima, iako ga nikada nije podrobno naučio.

Slike Tahićanki, uključujući i Kad ćeš se udati?, izložene su na prodajnoj izložbi koju je organizirao Paul Durand-Ruel 1893. godine u Parizu, ali nisu baš doživjele uspjeh. Ovu sliku je Gauguin procjenio na 1.500 franaka, kao jednu od dvije najskuplje na izložbi, ali ju nije uspio prodati. Staechelin je je naposljetku kupio od galerije Maison Moos u Ženevi 1917. god.

Izvori

 Lesley Stevenson, Gauguin, London, PRC Publishing, 1995., str. 112.

Vanjske poveznice
 REMEK-DJELA SU OTPORNA NA RECESIJU: DESET NAJSKUPLJIH SLIKA U POVIJESTI, ziher.hr, 18. svibnja 2015.
 Gauguinova silika prodata za rekordnih 300 milijuna dolara, vecernji.ba 9. velječe 2015.
 Željko Karaula, 5 najskupljih slika svih vremena!

Slike Paula Gauguina
Slike iz 1890-ih

Kad ćeš se udati?


{| class="infobox vcard" style="font-size:90%; width:21em; text-align:left;"
Shodokan aikido  昭道館合気道

Učenici u Shodokan hombu dođou
Osnivač aikidaMorihei Ueshiba
Osnivač školeKenji Tomiki
|-
!
Osnovana1967.
SjedišteOsaka,  Japan
VještinaAikido
Olimpijski šport -
|}

Shodokan aikido (jap.: 昭道館合気道), škola japanske borilačke vještine aikido. Ponekad se naziva Kyogi aikido (合気道競技), što bi u prijevodu značilo Takmičarski aikido, ali i Športski aikido, zbog uporabe redovitih natjecanja. U svijetu je prepoznata i kao Tomiki aikido, pri tome referirajući se na osnivača škole Kenji Tomikija.

Povijest
Kenji Tomiki je 1967. godine u Osaki, u Japanu, izgradio Shodokan hombu dođo, kako bi podučavao, vježbao i promovirao svoju školu. Sama škola, mogla bi se smatrati utemeljena osnivanjem Aikido kluba Sveučilišta Waseda 1958. godine, iako Tomiki svoju školu nije imenovao Shodokanom sve do 1976. Shodokan aikido je danas organiziran u dvije velike grupe: Japanska aikido asocijacija (JAA) i Shodokan aikido federacija (SAF).

Odlika škole
Shodokan aikido stavlja veći naglasak na randori sparing u slobodnom obliku, nego većina drugih stilova aikida. Metoda vježbanja zahtijeva ravnotežu između metode treninga randori i više stiliziranog i tradicionalnog vježbanja, s dobro razvijenim setom trening vježbi, kako specifičnih za randori tako i za opći aikido razvoj. Sudjelovanje u stvarnim natjecateljskim randorijima uveliko ovisi o klubu s većim naglaskom na sveučilišnim klubovima. Randori je srž svih klubova Shodokan aikida.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Ki Society Headquaters

Škole aikida

Shodokan aikido


Daijiro Takakuwa (født 10. august 1973) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

|-
|2000||1||0
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!Total||1||0
|}

Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Daijiro Takakuwa


{{Infobox comics character
|image              = Wonder_Twins.jpg
|imagesize          =
|converted          = y
|caption            = Zan and Jayna from Super Friends
|character_name     = Wonder Twins
|real_name          = Zan and Jayna
|first_series       = The All-New Super Friends Hour"Joy Ride" (September 10, 1977)'
|first_comic        = Super Friends #7 (October 1977) (Super Friends continuity)Extreme Justice #9 (October 1995) (first DCU appearance)
|creators           = Norman MaurerBill HannaJoe Barbera

|species            = Exxorian
|homeworld          = Exxor
|alliances          = Super FriendsJustice LeagueTen Elements of the UniverseExtreme JusticeYoung Justice
|partners           =
|supports           =
|aliases            =
|powers             = (Zan):
 Water and ice mimicry
(Jayna):
 Animal morphing
|cat                = super
|subcat             = DC Comics
|hero               = y
|villain            =
|sortkey            = Wonder Twins
}}
The Wonder Twins (Zan and Jayna) are a fictional extraterrestrial twin brother and sister superhero duo who first appeared in Hanna-Barbera's American animated television series The All-New Super Friends Hour. The pair can activate their superpowers by touching their fists and saying the phrase "Wonder Twin powers, activate!" Jayna can transform into any animal, and Zan can become water in any state. The pair also have a pet monkey, Gleek, who assists in their crime-fighting activities.

They subsequently appeared in comics based on the animated series and were later introduced into the main DC Comics Universe. They have since appeared in other media, including the animated series Teen Titans Go! and the live-action TV series Smallville.

Broadcast and publication history
The duo made their debut in The All-New Super Friends Hour ("Joy Ride", September 10, 1977) and then appeared in The World's Greatest Super Friends, Super Friends, and Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show. Zan (voiced by Michael Bell) and Jayna (voiced by Louise Williams from 1977-1983 and B. J. Ward in 1984) are siblings from the planet Exxor (also spelled Exor) who were being informally trained by the superheroes. Unlike their predecessors, Wendy Harris and Marvin White, this pair was able to participate in combat with abilities of their own.

Hanna-Barbera animator Darrell McNeil recalls the twins were created by Norman Maurer, the Super Friends series developer/story editor. They were originally called Dick and Jane, and their sidekick was Mighty Monkey, before finally becoming Zan, Jayna, and Gleek. The names "Zan" and "Jayna" derived from the Edgar Rice Burroughs characters Tarzan and his romantic interest Jane. According to McNeil: "Originally Zan (Dick) had 'Plastic Man' powers and Jayna (Jane) could transform into anything, not just animals, but they were scaled back to their present powers as it made the other Super Friends (even Superman) seem almost superfluous". Jayna's distinctive hairdo was based on that of an animation checker at Hanna-Barbera, while the pointed ears were inspired by the character Spock from the Star Trek franchise. The twins' personalities were heavily based on Donny and Marie Osmond, who were extremely popular at the time and had their own show on ABC as well.

The Wonder Twins were the most prominently featured characters in their first season on Super Friends. However, by the final seasons, the twins were largely marginalized in favor of well established DC Comics teenage superheroes like Firestorm, and were wholly eliminated in the final season in favor of Cyborg.

The characters were introduced to comics in issue #7 of the Super Friends tie-in series (cover-dated October 1977, but published in July), by E. Nelson Bridwell and Ramona Fradon. The Super Friends comic book provided considerably more details of the Wonder Twins' background and how they came to join the team than was provided in the television series. Because of the different production lag times between animation and comics, the first comic book appearance is chronologically before the first television appearance.

In the 1990s, they were introduced into the main DC Universe in Extreme Justice #9 (October 1995), by Ivan Velez, Jr. and Al Rio. The series rewrote and updated their origin story. Velez, an avowed die-hard fan of the Wonder Twins, intended to begin a revival of the characters, but was taken off the series after the first issue with the Wonder Twins. Though the twins remained with the series until its cancellation with #18, they were used only sparingly after Velez's departure.

Following the cancellation of Extreme Justice, the Wonder Twins showed up only sporadically in the DC Universe. After 2003, they made no significant appearance for sixteen years. In 2019, however, the characters enjoyed a revival when DC published a six-issue Wonder Twins miniseries, written by Mark Russell and drawn by Stephen Byrne. The series was a critical and commercial success, and was extended into a 12 issue maxi-series.

In November 2019, the first 6 issues of "Wonder Twins" were collected as a trade paper back, and released under the title "Wonder Twins - Activate". In the following August, the second six issues of the maxi-series were released in another trade paper back titled "The Fall & Rise of the Wonder Twins".

Fictional character biography
Super Friends
Little background is provided for the Wonder Twins in the Super Friends cartoon, save that they are superheroes-in-training that are friends of the Super Friends and were born on November 6.

According to the 1977 Super Friends comic book by writer E. Nelson Bridwell and artist Ramona Fradon, Zan and Jayna are Exxorian. The twins are metas, genetic throwbacks to an ancient race of Exxorian shapeshifters. Their parents died when they were still babies during a plague, and, because of their origin, no Exxorians want to adopt them. They are adopted by the owner of a Space Circus who only wants to use them as sideshow freaks. However, the circus' clown (or "laugh-maker") is a kind man and raises them. He also gives them Gleek as a pet. Eventually, as teens, the pair escapes the circus and hides on a planet where a space villain called Grax (an enemy of Superman) has established his headquarters. Spying on him, they learn that Grax is planning to destroy the Earth using hidden superbombs. The twins decide to travel to Earth and warn the Justice League, which is how they come to replace Wendy and Marvin (who were planning on retiring as heroes anyway) as their sidekicks. The heroes arrange for the kids to live with an old scientist named Professor Carter Nichols and they even take secret identities as Johan and Joanna Fleming. "Johan" and "Johanna" were supposedly transfer students from Esko, Sweden, disguised with blonde hair (Zan wore a wig, while Jayna used her powers to transform into a human to change her hair color and ear shape), to allow them to attend Gotham City High School.

According to the twins' self-titled 2019 series, Zan is older by three minutes.

In comics

In 1996, the twins were introduced into post-Crisis DC continuity in the series Extreme Justice as escaped slaves of an alien overlord. Unable to speak English, they inadvertently attack some civilians and the Justice League. During their fight with the JLA, Zan becomes an ice golem, a water monster, and a demonic-looking whirlpool, while Jayna becomes a griffin, a werewolf, and a sea serpent. The pair are later emancipated by the Justice League and join Captain Atom's team in issue #16 (May 1996). That same year, they appeared in the crossover storyline "Final Night" and in the series Total Justice.

In a 2002–03 storyline by Peter David and Todd Nauck in Young Justice, they help avenge the murder of Empress' parents, wearing uniforms which resembled T-shirts and jeans. In late 2003, they appeared in the fourth issue of the Marvel-DC intercompany crossover miniseries JLA/Avengers, which was written by Kurt Busiek and illustrated by George Pérez.

In 2007, they appeared in Teen Titans vol. 3 #70, and in 2011, and in DCU: Legacies #9, a story by Len Wein and Rob Leigh.

In "Smallville: Titans", a story arc in the series Smallville season 11, Zan and Jayna are members of the team with Conner Kent/Superboy, Speedy, Blue Beetle and Miss Martian at Jay Garrick's school for the "gifted".

In Superpowers, a 2017 backup series in Cave Carson Has A Cybernetic Eye, cartoonist Tom Scioli offers a slightly different version of the origin of the Wonder Twins, set on an alternate Earth.

In February 2019, the first issue of a 12-issue mini-series was released on Wonder Comics, titled Wonder Twins.

Powers and abilities

The Wonder Twins' powers are activated when they touch each other and speak the phrase, "Wonder Twin powers, activate!" Physical contact is required. If the two are out of reach of each other, they are unable to activate their powers. As they are about to transform, they would each announce their intended form. "Shape of...", "Form of..."

Zan can transform into water at any state (solid, liquid, gas) and add to his mass by incorporating water in his immediate area. In the case of becoming solid ice, he can also become any form he chooses, from a  humanoid ice giant to a cage for a criminal to complex machinery (such as a jet engine, as he did in the episode "Eruption"). In the episode "Pressure Point", he changes into a gelatinous form. In "Terror from the Phantom Zone", he was able to transform into liquid nitrogen. In addition, he can transform himself into atmospheric disturbances (usually very localized) involving water, such as a blizzard, a monsoon, waterspout or a typhoon, as he did in the episodes "The Water Beast", "The Beasts are Coming", and "Stowaways".

Jayna can transform into any animal, whether real, mythological, indigenous to Earth, or indigenous to some other planet like Exxor. Since she must vocalize her choice of form to assume, she must know the common name. As revealed in "The Mummy of Nazca", naming the wrong animal will cause her to assume the wrong animal's form. She has been known to take the form of anything from a mosquito to a whale, as in "The Water Beast" episode.

In the Super Friends comic book, their powers were shown to be more extensive. By transforming into an animal of Kryptonian origin, for instance, Jayna could gain both the creature's natural abilities and the super-powers that all Kryptonians possess under Earth-like conditions; she was even capable of overpowering Superman in the form of a Kryptonian animal. Similarly, Zan was able to transform into anything tangentially related to water or ice, including a frost giant in the "Demons of Exxor" episode.

In addition to their powers of transformation, the two share a telepathic link, enabling one to alert the other over a distance when in dire circumstances, as revealed in the episode "The Village of Lost Souls".

The Wonder Twins have a pet Space Monkey named Gleek, who has a useful prehensile tail and who can act as a conduit for the twins to activate their powers should they be out of reach. Gleek also serves as a courier when the twins need to travel: Jayna will typically transform into a large eagle, and Zan will transform into water, "jumping" into a bucket which Gleek will hold while being clutched by Jayna in her eagle form.

A rarely seen aspect of their powers is the ability to break mind control. On at least two occasions ("Pied Piper From Space" and "Circus of Horrors"), while the twins were under the influence of mind control, Gleek caused them to make contact and the activation of their powers freed them instantly from the mind control.

In other media
Television

 Steven Hyde and Jackie Burkhart assume the roles of the Wonder Twins within Michael Kelso's imagination in the That '70s Show episode "Ramble On".
 Jayna appears in the Family Guy episode "Fast Times at Buddy Cianci Jr. High", voiced by Rachael MacFarlane. Additionally, Peter Griffin (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) appears as a former member of the Wonder Twins.
 Zan appears in the Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law episode "Very Personal Injury", voiced by Michael Bell.
 A pair of characters inspired by the Wonder Twins called Downpour and Shifter appear in Justice League Unlimited, both voiced by Grey DeLisle. They are genetically-engineered superheroes created by Project Cadmus to serve as members of their Ultimen and operate independently of the Justice League, though the former group are led to believe that they are regular metahumans. In the episode "Ultimatum", the Ultimen discover the truth behind their creation and that they are suffering from cellular breakdown. They attack their manager Maxwell Lord in an attempt to find Cadmus member Amanda Waller, but are defeated by the League and taken back into Cadmus' custody. In the episode "Panic in the Sky", Cadmus utilizes an army of Ultimen clones in their siege on the League's Watchtower.
 Zan and Jayna appear in the Smallville episode "Idol", portrayed by David Gallagher and Allison Scagliotti respectively. This version of the pair are implied to be from another world and pass themselves off as humans of Swedish descent. Their origin is expanded upon in Smallville Season 11, where Zan and Jayna are shown to have been metahuman children on Earth who were evicted by their father for having powers. Additionally, the twins go on to join Jay Garrick's Teen Titans.
 The Wonder Twins appear in the Teen Titans Go! episode "You're Fired", with Zan voiced by Khary Payton and Jayna by Tara Strong.
 Kat Hudson, lead designer on DC Super Hero Girls and other projects, developed a pitch for animated series based on the Wonder Twins. Despite the full pitch, the project ultimately did not come to fruition.

Film
 The Wonder Twins appear in The Lego Batman Movie.
 The Wonder Twins make a cameo appearance in Teen Titans Go! To the Movies.
 In February 2022, a DC Extended Universe film centered around the Wonder Twins was in development, with Adam Sztykiel writing and directing, in his directorial debut. Marty Bowen and Wyck Godfrey were reported as producers on the film, which was to be a joint-venture production between DC Films, Temple Hill Entertainment, and HBO Original Films and star KJ Apa and Isabel May as Zan and Jayna. The film was developed with an intended streaming release, exclusively through HBO Max, though it was later canceled due to budget cuts at Warner Bros. Discovery.

Video games
The Teen Titans Go! incarnations of the Wonder Twins appear in Lego Dimensions. Additionally, The Lego Batman Movie incarnations make cameo appearances in the film's eponymous DLC pack.

Miscellaneous
The Wonder Twins appear in the Adult Swim web series The New Adventures of the Wonder Twins''. This version of the pair are well-meaning but inept superheroes whose attempts at heroism always end in tragic failure.

References

External links

2019 comics debuts
Animated duos
DC Comics aliens
DC Comics characters who are shapeshifters
DC Comics female superheroes
DC Comics male superheroes
DC Comics superheroes
DC Comics extraterrestrial superheroes
Female characters in animation
Male characters in television
Fictional characters with ice or cold abilities
Fictional characters with water abilities
Clone characters in comics
Fictional duos
Extraterrestrial characters in television
Fictional humanoids
Fictional therianthropes
Twin characters in comics
Hanna-Barbera characters
Super Friends characters
Superhero duos
Superheroes who are adopted
Television characters introduced in 1977
Television duos

Wonder Twins


An Tridactyle thomensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Phillip James Cribb ngan Tariq Stévart. An Tridactyle thomensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tridactyle, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha S�o Tom�. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tridactyle

Tridactyle thomensis


Aspidotis, rod papratnjača iz porodice bujadovki (Pteridaceae) raširen po Sjevernoj Americi i Meksiku. U bazi podataka na popisu je 4 vrste.

Rod je opisan 1947.

Vrste
 Aspidotis californica (Nutt. ex Hook.) Nutt. ex Copel.
 Aspidotis carlotta-halliae (W.H.Wagner & E.F.Gilbert) Lellinger
 Aspidotis densa (Brack.) Lellinger
 Aspidotis meifolia (D.C.Eaton) Pic.Serm.

Sinonimi:
 Hypolepis sect.Aspidotis Nutt. ex Hook.1852

Izvori

Cheilanthoideae

Aspidotis


An Mormolyca schweinfurthiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Leslie Andrew Garay ngan Carl Wirth. An Mormolyca schweinfurthiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mormolyca, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Peru. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mormolyca

Mormolyca schweinfurthiana


Gench Atsîzi (), formațiune al cărei nume este luat după numele lui Husein Nihal Atsîz, unul din personalitățile importante ale Turcismului, este o mișcare de tineret Turcistă-Turanică.

Organul editorial al grupului este revista Ötüken publicată lunar.

Grupul, a continuat să se organizeze în mod oficial, prin înființarea în anul 2014 a Asociației Turciștilor-Turaniștilor.

Istoric

Moștenirea pe care o avem (Sahiplendiği miras)

Pe data de 11 decembrie 1975, după moartea lui Husein Nihal Atsîz, care a fost unul dintre pionierii gândirii Turciste, din formă organizată schimbându-se încet, încet într-o formă individuală, împreună cu Lovitura de pe 12 Iulie în Naționalismul Turc au ieșit în față Idealiștii care apără sinteza Turc-Islamică.

Chiar dacă în provincii diferite Turciști independenți și neștiind unii de ceilalți au înființat formațiuni având diferite denumiri, o formațiune cuprinzătoare nu a putut fi făcută până în anii 2000.

Chiar dacă la Ankara, Tarsus și Istanbul fuseseră înființate asociații Turciste având denumiri diferite, nu putuseră să fie o mișcare de masă pe întreg cuprinsul țării.

Înființare

În anul 2005, Turciștii inițiatori ai mișcării Tinerii Atsîzi, întrunindu-se din diferite provincii, în anul 2009 cu participarea unor provincii (județe) precum Ankara, Bursa, Adana, Izmir, Mersin, Samsun, Trabzon, Tekirdag, Çorum, Kocaeli au definitivat ca numele organizației să fie Tinerii Atsîzi (Genç Atsızlar).

Numele de Tinerii Atsîzi, a ieșit la suprafață inspirându-ne din următoarele versuri ale poeziei "Cântecul Revoluționarilor Turkistanului": "Noi, suntem tineri atsîzi care au murit fără a avea mormânt, Rana cu apă ne-o spălăm și cu iarbă ne-o înfășurăm, Nu avem pe nimeni, dar în inimi noi existăm"

Publicații

Organizația Tinerilor Atsîzi a tipărit următoarele 3 publicații pe care le veghează individual: Revista Tinerilor Atsîzi, Revista Kömen (Vis) și Revista Ötüken.

e-revista Tineri Atsîzi (revistă în format electronic)

Revista Tinerilor Atsîzi prin primul său număr care a apărut în format de revistă electronică în luna Ianuarie a anului 2010, număr ce i-a fost dedicat lui Husein Nihal Atsîz, și-a început astfel publicarea.

Revistei, după apariția a 10 numere ale sale i-a fost întreruptă publicarea.

Revista Kömen (Vis)

Revista Kömen (Chiomen), prima revistă oficială a grupului, și-a început viața editorială pe data de 25 iunie 2011.

Când i s-a dat numele de Kömen, din nou a fost inspirat dintr-o poezie a lui Atsîz, poezie care are același nume.

Înțelesul cuvântului este "vis".

Prin închiderea revistei Kömen după apariția a 19 numere, i-a lăsat locul revistei Ötüken (Otiuchen).

Revista Ötüken

Revista Ötüken, ultima publicație tipărită a grupului și-a început viața editorială

pe data de 1 octombrie 2013.

În revista în care se regăsesc diverși scriitori din lumea Turcă a fost publicat și un discurs al lui Gabor Vona, Președintele Partidului Jobbik din Ungaria.

Revista Ötüken este ultima revistă publicată de organizația Atsîz și cu cele 143 de numere publicate ale sale este cea mai longevivă revistă a organizației.

Noua revistă Ötüken ale cărei eforturi sunt de a proteja moștenirea lăsată de Atsîz, care are pe coperta ultimului său număr trecut în partea de jos numărul 143 al apariției, continuă să fie publicată.

Revista la vremea apariției sale a ajuns ținta fiului lui Husein Nihal Atsîz, Yağmur Atsîz.

Pe de o parte, Yağmur Atsîz, în timp ce apăra[1] faptul că drepturile pentru numele Ötüken îi aparțin, pe de altă parte Tinerii Atsîzi au declarat că o astfel de afirmație nu este adevărată, au continuat publicarea revistei.

Acțiunile grupului

La meciul de fotbal de la Bursa din data de 14 octombrie 2009 jucat între echipele naționale ale Turciei și Armeniei s-a declarat că este interzisă introducerea pe stadion a steagului Azerbaidjanului.

Ca replică la aceasta, 4 membrii Tineri Atsîzi, în mijlocul meciului de fotbal, în timp ce se pregăteau de acțiunea de introducere în stadion a unor avioane-machetă care aveau agățate de ele steaguri ale Azerbaidjanului, au fost luați în vizor de către poliție. [2]

La Istanbul pe data de 26 februarie 2012 la comemorarea Genocidului Hogealî în cadrul mitingurilor organizate celor care au afișat pancarte cu "Toți Suntem Armeni" li s-a replicat acestora de către Tinerii Atsîzi care au afișat mesaje cu "Toți Sunteți Armeni, Toți Sunteți Niște Bastarzi".

Mesajele afișate au fost dezbătute zile în șir în ziare și la televiziuni.

Bibliografie
Populația Turciei (Türkiye'nin nüfûsu)
Acțiune cu planorul la meciul de fotbal cu Armenia (Ermenistan maçına planörlü eylem)
Din spatele pancartelor de ură au ieșit Tinerii Atsîzi (Nefret pankartlarının altından Genç Atsızlar çıktı)

Fondări în 2005
Organizații de copii

Genç Atsızlar


Tatjana Sterneberg (* 14. März 1952 in Berlin-Lichtenberg) ist eine ehemalige deutsche Zwangsarbeiterin in der DDR. Sie ist Gründerin und Vorsitzende des "Fördervereins Begegnungs- und Gedenkstätte Hoheneck e. V.". Wegen "staatsfeindlicher Verbindungsaufnahme und Vorbereitung zum ungesetzlichen Grenzübertritt" wurde sie im Mai 1974 zu drei Jahren und acht Monaten Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt. Sterneberg arbeitet in der Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur.

Leben
Sterneberg absolvierte 1968–1970 in Ost-Berlin eine Ausbildung zur Restaurantfachfrau; danach arbeitete sie im Hotel "Stadt Berlin", dem heutigen "Park Inn". Aufgrund einer Liebesbeziehung mit dem in West-Berlin ansässigen Italiener Antonio Borzachiello stellte sie einen Ausreiseantrag; dieser wurde abgelehnt. Sterneberg entschloss sich daraufhin zur illegalen Ausreise. Ihre Fluchtpläne wurden durch einen Kollegen in ihrem Arbeitsumfeld, der als Informant für das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit tätig war, verraten; dieser Informant war als Lockvogel tätig und wollte Sterneberg angeblich Kontakte zu Fluchthelfern vermitteln. Am 7. November 1973 wurde Sterneberg durch die DDR-Staatssicherheit in ihrer Wohnung in Berlin-Lichtenberg, ihr Freund Antonio am Checkpoint Charlie verhaftet. Fast ein Jahr verbrachte sie in Stasiuntersuchungshaft im Stasi-Gefängnis in der Kissingenstraße in Berlin-Pankow. Am 13. Mai 1974 wurde sie wegen "staatsfeindlicher Verbindungsaufnahme und Vorbereitung zum ungesetzlichen Grenzübertritt" zu drei Jahren und acht Monaten Haft verurteilt, ihr Freund zu fünf Jahren; bis 1976 war sie im Frauengefängnis  Hoheneck in Stollberg/Erzgeb. inhaftiert. Während ihrer Haftzeit musste sie  Zwangsarbeit in der DDR verrichten. Sie war dort als Häftling Nummer 6317 im "Arbeitskommando" im Einsatz. Für Sterneberg wurde "Arbeitseinsatz bis an die Belastungsgrenze" angeordnet. Sie arbeitete für den VEB Planet; für diesen Betrieb nähte sie unter anderem Bettwäsche und Kopfkissenbezüge (eingenähte Kennziffer 18), die in Katalogen der Versandhäuser Quelle und Neckermann angeboten wurden. Im Oktober 1976 wurde Sterneberg für 40.000 DM freigekauft und in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland abgeschoben. 1977 heiratete Sterneberg in Neapel ihren italienischen Freund Antonio; dieser starb 2006 an den Spätfolgen seiner Inhaftierung. Aus der Ehe ging ein Sohn hervor.

Sternebergs Lebensgefährte ist der Politikaktivist und ehemalige DDR-Widerständler Carl-Wolfgang Holzapfel. Tatjana Sterneberg lebt in Berlin-Charlottenburg.

Aufarbeitung der DDR-Diktatur
Sterneberg arbeitet und engagiert sich seit den 2000er Jahren intensiv in der Aufarbeitung der DDR-Diktatur. 2004 eröffnete sie in Berlin eine Beratungsstelle für SED/DDR-Opfer beim Sozialverband Deutschland (SoVD), LV Berlin. 2009 trat sie aus dem SoVD aus, nach Protest gegen die Beschäftigung eines ehemaligen Stasi-Offiziers in der Beratungsstelle. Von 2006 bis 2008 war Sterneberg stellvertretende Vorsitzende des Frauenkreises der ehemaligen Hoheneckerinnen. Sie war für die Initiierung und Organisation des Besuchs des damaligen Bundespräsidenten Christian Wulff 2011 in Hoheneck verantwortlich; dadurch wurde das Schicksal der Zwangsarbeiterinnen im Frauengefängnis Hoheneck erstmals wieder stärker in die Wahrnehmung der Öffentlichkeit gebracht. Sterneberg hatte Wulff im Oktober 2010 im Reichstag in Berlin angesprochen und auf das Frauengefängnis Hoheneck aufmerksam gemacht.

Im September 2011 gründete Sterneberg den "Förderverein Begegnungs- und Gedenkstätte Hoheneck e.V."

Sie ist Mitglied in der Vereinigung 17. Juni 1953 e.V.; seit 2010 ist sie Mitglied im Vorstand (Schatzmeisterin, kommissarische Geschäftsführerin).

Sterneberg absolvierte zahlreiche Auftritte, Interviews (Presse, Radio, Fernsehen) und Vorträge in Schulen und Gedenkstätten (beispielsweise Lindenstraße Potsdam). 2008 plante, organisierte und führte sie mit Holzapfel  eine dreiwöchige Veranstaltung in Barnim unter dem Motto "Der Bernauer - Zeithistorische Konflikte vor der  Haustür". Sie war an der Aufdeckung der IM-Tätigkeit (Stasi) des medizinischen Leiters im DDR-Gefängnis Hoheneck, Peter Janata, beteiligt.

Rezeption
Aspekte der Lebensgeschichte von Sterneberg wurden in dem ARD-Fernsehfilm Es ist nicht vorbei (Drehbuch: Kristin Derfler) verfilmt. Der Film erzählt die Geschichte einer ehemaligen Insassin des Frauengefängnisses Hoheneck, die in der DDR wegen eines Fluchtversuches in Hoheneck eingesperrt wurde.

Die weibliche Hauptrolle spielte Anja Kling; ihre Partner waren Tobias Oertel (als ihr Ehemann) und Ulrich Noethen (als Gefängnisarzt, der für die Stasi tätig ist). Insbesondere wurden die Verabreichung von gesundheitsschädigenden Psychopharmaka und Beruhigungsmitteln wie Prothazin, Faustan, Rudotel und Radepur, medizinische Testversuche und die Zusammenarbeit von Ärzten mit dem Ministerium für Staatssicherheit der DDR thematisiert.

Sterneberg gilt als Vorbild für die Filmfigur Carola Weber. Die Gauck-Behörde präsentierte auf ihrem Internet-Auftritt anlässlich des Films exemplarisch das Schicksal von Tatjana Sterneberg im Themenkreis Ärzte und Stasi. Sterneberg erlitt im wahren Leben das Schicksal der Filmfigur Carola Weber. Sie wurde im Frauengefängnis Hoheneck misshandelt. Sterneberg erklärte in einem Interview mit der Bild-Zeitung: "Vieles, was der Frau im Film widerfährt, habe ich erlitten. Mir wurden gegen meinen Willen und ohne mein Wissen Psychopharmaka verabreicht. Ich leide bis heute an den Folgen der Haft. Und der Arzt, der mir das im Auftrag der Stasi angetan hat, betreibt heute als angesehener Mann eine Praxis als Allgemeinmediziner." In einem Interview mit dem Berliner Kurier äußerte sich Sterneberg so: "Er [der Film] spiegelt das wieder [sic], was wir Frauen in Hoheneck durchmachten".

Sterneberg war als Zeitzeugin, Beraterin und Statistin an dem Fernsehfilm beteiligt; sie führte Gespräche über ihr Schicksal u. a. mit der Schauspielerin Anja Kling.

Literatur
 Dirk von Nayhaus, Maggi Riepl: Der Dunkle Ort, Bebra-Verlag Berlin, ISBN 3-937233-99-7
 Tobias Wunschik: Knastware für den Klassenfeind – Häftlingsarbeit in der DDR, der Ost-West-Handel und die Staatssicherheit (1970-1989), Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, ISBN 978-3-525-35080-5

Weblinks
 Tatjana Sterneberg: Zwangsarbeiterin für Quelle und Neckermann – Porträt über Tatjana Sterneberg in: Wirtschaftswoche vom 4. Mai 2012
 Tatjana Sterneberg, Berlin – Biografie

Einzelnachweise

Opfer der Diktatur in der DDR
Deutscher
Zeitzeuge der SED-Diktatur
Person (Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur)
Geboren 1952
Zwangsarbeiter
Frau

Tatjana Sterneberg


İçme, Muğla ilinin Milas ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı, 1911 yılı kayıtlarında Sepetçiler olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Muğla iline 82 km, Milas ilçesine 13 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Milas'ın mahalleleri

İçme, Milas


Moritanya ya da resmî adıyla Moritanya İslam Cumhuriyeti, Afrika kıtasının batısında yer alan bir ülkedir. Ülkenin sınır komşularını (kuzeyden saat yönünde ilerlendiğinde) Fas tarafından ilhak edilen Batı Sahra ile aynı bölge üzerinde Polisario tarafından tek taraflı bağımsızlığı ilan edilen Sahra Demokratik Arap Cumhuriyeti, Cezayir, Mali ve Senegal oluşturmaktadır. Bunun haricinde ülkenin batısında Atlas Okyanusu yer almaktadır. Ülkenin başkenti ve en büyük şehri Nuakşot'tur.

Ülke ismi
Ülkenin ismi olan mūrītāniyya Berberi köklere sahip olan geçmiş dönemlerde Berberi bir krallık olan Mauretania'''ya da ismini veren Morolar'dan gelmektedir. Maure kelimesinin Fenikece bir kelime olan mahurim (Türkçe: batının adamı'') kelimesinden geldiği tahmin edilmektedir.

Tarih

Erken tarih
Beşinci yüzyıl ile yedinci yüzyıl arasında, Kuzey Afrika'dan Berberi kabilelerin göç etmesiyle bugünkü Moritanya'nın asil sakinleri ve Soninkelerin ataları olan Bafourlar yerlerinden oldu. Bafourlar asıl olarak tarımla uğraşıyorlardı ve Sahra halkları içinde geleneksel göçebe yaşamı terkeden ilk halk da onlardır. Sahra yavaş yavaş kurumaya devam ederken güneye yöneldiler. Bafourları Sahra'nın orta kesimlerinde yaşayanlar izledi. Batı Afrika'ya göç ettiler, ancak 1076'da İslamı yaymayı kendilerine amaç edinmiş savaşçı Murabıtlar hücuma geçerek dönemin Gana İmparatorluğu'nu ele geçirdiler. Sonraki 500 yıl boyunca Araplar yerel halkın (Berberi ve diğerleri) direnişini bastırarak Moritanya'ya hakim oldular.

Moritanya'da 1644-1674 yılları arasındaki savaşlarda Beni Hasan aşiretinin (Hassaniler) öncülüğündeki Yemenli Arapları bölgeden çıkarma girişimleri başarısızlıkla sonuçlandı. Beni Hasan aşiretinin soyundan gelenler, yani Hassaniler, buradaki Mağrib toplumunun bir anlamda üst sınıfını oluşturdular. Günümüzde ülkedeki birçok Berberi kavim Yemen soyundan geldiklerini iddia etse de buna pek az kanıt bulunabilmiştir.

Fransız hâkimiyeti ve bağımsızlık sonrası dönem
Fransızlar, 1800'lerin sonlarından itibaren bölgeyi, bugünkü Moritanya topraklarını kolonisi haline getirdi. Moritanya 1920'den itibaren sekiz eyaletten oluşan Fransız Batı Afrikası'nın bir eyaleti oldu. Moritanya'nın 1960 yılında bağımsızlığını elde etmesiyle başkent Nuakşot kuruldu.

Bağımsızlıkla beraber siyah Afrikalı kavimler (Haalpulaar, Soninke ve Wolof), kalabalık gruplar halinde ülkelerine döndüler. Fransızca eğitim öğretimden geçmiş bu kavimler yeni devlet yönetiminde söz sahibi oldular, orduda yer aldılar. Bir yandan Fransızlar, güneydeki en uzlaşmaz kavimlerden biri olarak görülen Hassanileri bastırma faaliyetlerinde bulunurken bir yandan da iktidar dengeleri değişti, bu durum güneyde yaşayanlarla Mağrib halk arasında yeni bir anlaşmazlığa temel oluşturdu. Geçmişte köle olan ama Araplaştırılmış ve Mağrib toplumu içinde alt sınıfta kabul edilen Haratinler yer alıyordu. Mağribler arasında Moritanya'yı bir Arap ülkesi olarak görenlerle bölgenin Mağrip kökenli olmayan asıl sakinlerinin baskın bir rol üstlenmesini isteyenler ayrıştı.

Etnik anlaşmazlıklar 1989'da yaşanan iç çatışmalarla doruk noktaya ulaşsa da o zamandan bu yana yatışmış görünüyor. Etnik gerginlikler ve hassas bir konu olan kölelik, geçmişte olduğu kadar hâlâ siyasi tartışmaların merkezinde yer alıyor. Moritanya'da birçok grup ülkeyi daha çoğulcu ve çeşitliliğe önem veren bir yer haline getirme yolunda çabalarını sürdürüyor. 5 Ağustos 2008 yılında askerî darbe yaşanmıştır.

Coğrafya

Moritanya 1,030,631 kilometrekarelik yüzölçümüyle dünyanın 29. en büyük ülkesidir. Ülkenin toplamda sahip olduğu 5.002 km'lik kara sınırından 460 km'si Cezayir, 2.236 km'si Mali, 742 km'si Senegal ve 1.564 km'si ise Batı Sahra oluşurken, ülkenin ayrıca Atlas Okyanusu'na da 754 km'lik sahil şeridi bulunmaktadır.

Ülkenin büyük bölümü düzlüklerden oluşur, merkezi bölgelerde bazı tepeler vardır. En yüksek noktası 915 m ile Kediet İclil'dir. Topraklarının yalnızca %0.2'si tarıma elverişlidir. Aşırı otlatma, ormanların tahrip edilmesi ve toprak erozyonu, kuraklıklarla da birleşerek ülkede önemli bir sorun olan çölleşmeye yol açmaktadır. Ülkenin tek daimi akarsuyu olan Senegal Nehri'nden uzak bölgelerde temiz su kaynakları azdır.

İklim
Çöl iklimi etkisi altındaki ülkede hava yıl boyunca sıcak, yağışsız ve tozludur. Kurak iklimin etkisindeki ülkeye serinlik Kanarya Akıntısı ile gelmekte, bu akıntı ile kıyı bölgelerinde yoğun sis görülebilmektedir. Ülkenin kuzey kesimlerinde yağışlar genellikle kış aylarında görülmekte olup, bu yağışlar da genel itibarıyla yıllık 100 mm'nin altında gerçekleşmektedir. Ülkenin uç güney kesimlerinde ise bu miktar çoğu Temmuz-Ekim arası olmak üzere yıllık 300 mm ile 400 mm arasında gözlemlenmektedir. Ülke genelinde sıcaklıklar Ocak ayında 20-24 °C arası, Temmuz ayında ise 30-34 °C arası ölçülmekte olup, yaz aylarında 50 °C varan yüksek sıcaklıklar ölçülebilmektedir.

Bitki örtüsü ve yaban hayat
Ülkenin güneyinde yer alan Sahel kuşağında dikenli çalılar, otlar ve Akasya ağaçları hakim bir konumda iken, kuzey kesimlerinde çöl hakimdir.Sénégal Nehri boyunca aralıklarla Baobab, Rafya, Palmiye gibi ağaç türleri yer almaktadır. Ülkenin kıyı kesimlerinde tuzlu bataklıklar gözlemlenmektedir.

Ülke yaban hayat açısından farklı türlere ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Moritanya ovalarında antilop, fil ve sırtlangiller ailesine mensup hayvanlar gözlemlenebilmektedir. Çölün hakim olduğu bölgelerde ise ceylan, deve kuşu, düğmeli domuz, pars ve Afrika yaban kedisi kendilerine yaşam alanı bulabilmektedir. Bunların haricinde Moritanya'da Nil timsahı da gözlemlenmiştir.

Nüfus yapısı

Moritanya'da son olarak 2013 yılında gerçekleştirilen resmi sayım sonuçlarına göre 3.537.368 nüfus tespit edilmiştir. 2018 tahmini sayım sonuçlarına göre ise 3,840,429 nüfus belirlenmiştir.

Moritanya genç bir nüfusa sahip olup, 2018 tahmini verilerine göre nüfusun %58,02'si 0-24 yaş aralığındadır. Ülkenin sadece %3,81'i 65 yaş ve üzerindedir. Ülkenin  genel nüfusunu 0-14 yaş grubu %38.24 (erkek 737,570/kadın 730,969), 15-24 yaş grubu %19.78 (erkek 372,070/kadın 387,375), 25-54 yaş grubu %33.44 (erkek 595,472/kadın 688,620), 55-64 yaş grubu %4.74 (erkek 82,197/kadın 99,734) ve 65 yaş ve üzeri grup %3.81 (erkek 62,072/kadın 84,350) oranlarında oluşturmaktadır.

Şehirde yaşayanların oranı 2019 verilerine göre %54,5 olan ülkede, nüfusun yıllık artış oranı 2018 tahmini verilerine göre %2,14 düzeyindedir.

Dil
Ülkenin tek resmî dili Arapçadır. Ülkede Mağrip Arapçası'nın lehçesi olan Hasaniye Arapçası konuşulmaktadır. Bunun haricinde ulusal dil olarak kabul göre Pölce, Volofca ile Mande dil ailesi üyesi Soninkece de yerel olarak konuşulmaktadır.

Ülkenin Fransa'nın sömürgesi olduğu süreçte resmî dil olan Fransızca günümüzde iş, eğitim ve ticarette kullanılmakta olup, okullarda Arapçanın yanında ikinci eğitim dili konumundadır.

Din
Ülkede hakim olan din İslamdır. Moritanya nüfusunun büyük çoğunluğu bu dinin Sünni mezhebine göre yaşamını sürdürmektedir. Ülke genelinde diğer dinlere inananların oranı yok denecek kadar düşük konumda bulunmaktadır.

Demografik Yapı
Ülkenin en büyük çoğunluğunu %70'lik bir oran ile Morolar oluşturur. Ülkenin geri kalan kısmı ise %10 Halpular, %10 Voloflar, %4.5 Soninkeliler, %3 Bambaralar ve %0.4 İmragenler'den oluşur.

İdari yapılanma

Moritanya kendi içerisinde en üst idari yapılanma olarak on iki tanesi bölge, bir tanesi de başkent bölgesi olmak üzere 13 bölgeye ayrılmıştır.

 Adrar (Atar)
 Assaba Bölgesi (Kiffa)
 Brakna Bölgesi (Aleg)
 Dakhlet Nouadhibou Bölgesi (Nouadhibou)
 Gorgol Bölgesi (Kaédi)
 Guidimaka Bölgesi (Sélibaby)
 Hodh Ech Chargui Bölgesi (Néma)
 Hodh El Gharbi Bölgesi (Aioun el Atrouss)
 Inchiri Bölgesi (Akjoujt)
 Nuakşot (Başkent bölgesi)
 Tagant Bölgesi (Tidjikja)
 Tiris Zemmour Bölgesi (Zouérate)
 Trarza Bölgesi (Rosso)

Ekonomi

Doğal kaynakları zengin olmasına rağmen, Moritanya'nın GSYİH'si azdır. 1970'ler ve 1980'lerde tekrarlayan kuraklıklar nedeniyle göçebelerin çoğu ve çiftçilerin çoğu şehirlere göç etmek zorunda kalsa da, nüfusun çoğunluğu geçimini hâlâ tarım ve hayvancılığa bağlamaktadır Moritanya, toplam ihracatın neredeyse %50'sini oluşturan büyük demir cevheri yataklarına sahiptir. Altın ve bakır madenciliği yapan şirketler iç kesimlerde maden açmaktadır.

Ülkenin ilk derin su limanı, 1986'da Nuakşot yakınlarında açıldı. Son yıllarda, kuraklık ve ekonomik kötü yönetim, dış borcu artırdı. Mart 1999'da hükümet, Dünya Bankası-Uluslararası Para Fonu ortak göreviyle 54 milyon dolarlık gelişmiş yapısal uyum tesisi (ESAF) için bir anlaşma imzaladı. Özelleştirme en önemli konulardan biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Moritanya'nın, ESAF'ın %4-5'lik yıllık GSYİH büyüme hedeflerini karşılaması pek mümkün görünmemektedir.

Petrol, Moritanya'da 2001 yılında açık denizde Chinguetti sahası keşfedildi. Moritanya ekonomisi için potansiyel olarak önemli olmasına rağmen, genel etkisini tahmin etmek zordur. Moritanya, "Arap ve Afrika dünyalarını birbirine bağlayan ve küçük ölçekli de olsa Afrika'nın en yeni petrol üreticisi olan, çaresiz fakir bir çöl ülkesi" olarak tanımlandı. Taoudeni havzası iç kesimlerinde başka petrol rezervleri olabilir ancak zorlu ortam, madenciliği pahalı yapar.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Moritanya hükûmeti resmî sitesi (Fransızca)

Uluslararası Frankofoni Örgütü üyesi ülkeler
Batı Afrika ülkeleri

Moritanya