Libertarianz was a political party in New Zealand (hence the suffix -nz) that advocated libertarianism, favouring self-government and limiting the power of the government over the individual. Ayn Rand's philosophy of Objectivism was a major influence on the party. Its slogan "More Freedom, Less Government" is indicative of the party's basic policy platform. It went into recess and was de-registered by its own request in  29 January 2014.

History
Libertarianz was founded in late 1995 by Ian Fraser, who served as the party's first leader. Later, Lindsay Perigo, a well-known New Zealand broadcaster for Radio New Zealand and TVNZ, assumed the leadership. Perigo was followed as leader by Peter Cresswell and then Russell Watkins. At the time of its deregistration the leader was Richard McGrath, and the Party president was Shane Pleasance.

The party's first campaign was the 1996 election, the first to be held under the MMP electoral system. Libertarianz's involvement in the election produced negligible public interest. They gained 671 votes (0.03%), which placed them in 19th place. In the 1999 elections, the party performed somewhat better, gaining 5,949 votes (0.29%). This put them in 11th place, and in fourth place among the parties which did not gain seats in parliament. Libertarianz did not contest the party vote in the 2002 elections – due to an oversight, the party's bank cheque was not transmitted to the electoral authorities by the appointed time. The party was therefore able to contest the election only through individual electorate candidates. Its five candidates gained 672 votes amongst them.

Darnton v Clark
On 29 June 2006, Bernard Darnton filed proceedings in the High Court, suing Helen Clark for allegedly misappropriating public funds to pay for the Labour Party's pledge cards during the 2005 election. Some commentators labelled the lawsuit a stunt, although it received some media coverage as concern about the "pledge card" funding grew. On Sunday 10 September 2006, the lawsuit was the subject of a front-page story in The Sunday Star-Times newspaper. The Labour party promptly accused the Libertarianz party of being part of a conspiracy with National party, alleging that the small party could not afford to bring such a case to court.

In October 2006, after the auditor-general released a report declaring that the misappropriation of funds was illegal, Labour and other political parties immediately announced that they would pay back the money. On 17 and 18 October, a majority, including the Labour Party, passed a law through Parliament to 'retrospectively validate' the spending, making it legal, which is required under the Public Finance Act 1989. In the circumstances, however, it also effectively makes the misspending immune from court proceedings. In response, the Libertarianz party declared 18 October 2006 to be "Banana Republic Day", and issued press releases.

Dissolution (2014)
In January 2014, Party Leader Richard McGrath asked the Electoral Commission to de-register the party, given that practical administrative tasks such as maintaining membership were rendered impossible by the part-time and voluntary status of its membership and executive. The commission de-registered the party on 29 January 2014. Instead, McGrath advised former party members to support ACT New Zealand, under the organisational leadership of newly elected party president Jamie Whyte.

Election results (1996–2011)

New Zealand general election, 2008
The Libertarianz party contested the 2008 New Zealand General Election, which was held on 8 November. It fielded candidates in 16 electorates. Altogether, it received 1176 votes (0.05% of the total proportion of votes cast).

Mount Albert by-election 2009
At the 13 June 2009 Mount Albert by-election, Julian Pistorius stood as the candidate for Libertarianz and polled in ninth place (39 votes), lowest of all party-affiliated candidates who contested that by-election.

Notable candidates
 Stephen Berry, controversial politician

See also

 List of libertarian political parties
 Gun politics in New Zealand
 New Zealand libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights

References

External links
 Libz.tv
 'Libertarianism, Kiwi-Style' by Tim Sturm

Political parties established in 1995
Libertarianism in New Zealand
Objectivist organizations
Libertarian parties
Political parties disestablished in 2014
Defunct political parties in New Zealand

Libertarianz


Warda es una película del año 2008.

Sinopsis
¿Está satisfecha cada criatura con el papel que Dios le ha asignado? La respuesta se da desde el punto de vista de una flor, cuya ambición le hace cambiar su destino. Pero ¿cuáles serán las consecuencias?

Referencias

Warda


Cuenca () is a city and municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. It is the capital of the province of Cuenca.

Etymology
Its name may derive from the Latin conca meaning "river basin", referring to the gorge of the rivers Júcar and Huécar. It may also be derived from the now-ruined Arab castle, Kunka. Other alternative original names have been suggested, including "Anitorgis", "Sucro" or "Concava". The city of Cuenca is also known as the "Eagle's Nest" because of its precarious position on the edge of a gorge.

History
When the Iberian peninsula was part of the Roman Empire, there were several important settlements in the province, such as Segobriga, Ercavica and Gran Valeria. However, the place where Cuenca is located today was uninhabited at that time.

When the Muslims captured the area in 714, they soon realized the value of this strategic location and they built a fortress (called Kunka) between two gorges dug between the Júcar and Huécar rivers, surrounded by a 1 km-long wall. Cuenca's economy soon became dominated by agriculture and textile manufacturing, enjoying growing prosperity.

In the early 11th century, the Caliphate of Córdoba broke into several rump states (taifas). Cuenca was ruled by the taifa of Toledo—possibly the largest one—whose jurisdiction roughly spanned across the bulk of the Middle March of Al-Andalus. In 1076, Cuenca was besieged by Sancho Ramírez of Aragon, who failed to conquer the place. In 1080 King Yahya al-Qadir of Toledo lost his taifa, and his vizier signed in Cuenca a treaty with Alfonso VI of León and Castile by which he ceded him some fortresses in exchange for military help.

Following the Christian defeat at the battle of Sagrajas (1086), Cuenca was captured by the taifa king of Seville, Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad. However, when his lands were attacked by the Almoravids, he sent his daughter-in-law Zaida to Alfonso, offering him Cuenca in exchange for military support. The first Christian troops entered the city in 1093. However, the Almoravids captured it in 1108. Their governor in Cuenca declared independence in 1144, followed by the whole of Murcia the following year. In 1147 Muhammad ibn Mardanis became King of Cuenca, Murcia and Valencia. He defended his lands from the Almohad invasion until his death in 1172, after which his son had to sign a pact of tributes with the newcomers. A 17-year-old Alfonso VIII of Castile tried to conquer the place, but after five months of siege, he had to retreat after the arrival of troops sent by the Almohad caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf. Alfonso signed a seven-year truce but when, in 1176 the Cuenca locals occupied some Christian lands in Huete and Uclés, Alfonso intervened at the head of a coalition including also Ferdinand II of León, Alfonso II of Aragon and the Military Orders of Calatrava, Santiago and Montegaudio, besieging Cuenca for months starting from 1177's Epiphany. The Cuenca's commander, Abu Bakr, again sought the support of Yaqub Yusuf, but the latter was in Africa and did not send any help. After an unsuccessful sortie against the Christian besiegers' camp on 27 July, Cuenca was conquered by Alfonso's troops on 21 September 1177, while the Muslim garrison took refuge in the citadel.

The latter fell in October, putting an end to Arab domination. Cuenca was given a set of laws, the Fuero, written in Latin, that ruled Cuenca's citizens, and it was considered one of the most perfectly written at that time. The diocese of Cuenca was established in 1183; its second bishop was St. Julian of Cuenca, who became patron saint of the city.

Alfonso X granted Cuenca the title of 'city' (ciudad) in 1257.

During the next few centuries Cuenca enjoyed prosperity, thanks to textile manufacturing and livestock exploitation. The cathedral started to be built at that time, in an Anglo-Norman style, with many French workers, since Alfonso VIII's wife, Eleanor, had French cultural affinity.

During the 18th century the textile industry declined, especially when Carlos IV forbade this activity in Cuenca in order to prevent competition with the Real Fábrica de Tapices (Royal Tapestry Factory), and Cuenca's economy declined, thus losing population dramatically (5,000 inhabitants). During the independence war against Napoleon's troops the city suffered great destruction, and it made the crisis worse. The city lost population, with only around 6,000 inhabitants, and only the arrival of railroads in the 19th century, together with the timber industry, were able to boost Cuenca moderately, and population increased as a result to reach 10,000 inhabitants. In 1874, during the Third Carlist War, Cuenca was taken over by Carlist troops, and the city suffered great damage once more.

The 20th century began with the collapse of the Giraldo cathedral's tower in 1902, which affected also the façade. It had to be rebuilt by Vicente Lámperez, with two new twin towers at both ends of the façade, which have remained unfinished without the upper part of them.

The first decades of the 20th century were as turbulent as in other regions of Spain. There was poverty in rural areas, and the Catholic Church was attacked, with monks, nuns, priests and a bishop of Cuenca, Cruz Laplana y Laguna, being murdered. During the Spanish Civil War Cuenca was part of the republican zone (Zona roja or: "the red zone"). It was taken in 1938 by General Franco's troops. During the post-war period the area suffered a major economic decline, causing many people to migrate to more prosperous regions, mainly the Basque Country and Catalonia, but also to other countries such as Germany. The city started to recover slowly from 1960 to 1970, and the town limits went far beyond the gorge to the flat surroundings.

In recent decades the city has experienced a moderate growth in population and economy, the latter especially due to the growing tourism sector, and both of them fuelled by improvements in road and train communications. Cuenca has strongly bet on culture and as a result of this it was declared a World Heritage Site in 1996. In recent years, new cultural infrastructure such as the municipal Concert Hall and the Science Museum saw Cuenca unsuccessfully apply for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016.

Geography and climate
Cuenca is located across a steep spur, whose slopes descend into deep gorges of the Júcar and Huécar rivers. It is divided into two separate settlements: the "new" city is situated south-west of the old one, which is divided by the Huécar course.

The climate of Cuenca is the typical hot-summer Mediterranean climate of Spain's "Meseta" (inner plateau). Winters are relatively cold, but summers are quite hot during the day with occasional cool nights. Spring and autumn seasons are short, with pleasant temperatures during the day but with rather cold nights due to its altitude from  above sea level up to  in the old town.

Main sights

Cathedral of Our Lady of Grace and Saint Julian

Cuenca Cathedral was built from 1182 to 1270. The façade was rebuilt after it crumbled down in 1902. It is the first gothic style Cathedral in Spain (together with Avila's), because of the influence of Alfonso VIII's wife, Eleanor, daughter of King Henry II of England and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, who introduced the Anglo-Norman style.

From that date the cathedral has undergone some changes. An apse-aisle (doble girola) was added in the 15th century, while the Renaissance Esteban Jamete's Arch was erected in the 16th century. The main altar was redesigned during the 18th century by famous architect Ventura Rodríguez: it features a precious iron-work gate. The façade was rebuilt in 1902 from ruins due to the collapse of the former bell tower, the Giraldo. In the early 1990s modern coloured windows were installed, and in 2006 one of the two old baroque organs from Julián de la Orden was recovered. The other organ has also been restored, and on 4 April 2009 an inauguration ceremony was held.

The naves do not follow exactly a straight line. The San Julián altar, dedicated to Saint Julian of Cuenca, at the apse-aisle, consists of columns made of green marble.

Another curiosity are the "Unum ex septem" signs at some chapels. It is said that if one prays looking at these signs one would obtain a five-year forgiveness for one's sins, and seven years if one prays during the patron saint's day.

Church of Saint Peter
With Romanesque origins, the church of St. Peter (San Pedro in Spanish) was rebuilt by Jose Martin de la Aldehuela during the 18th century and displays since that time a Baroque façade. It shows an octagonal shape outdoors but it is circular inside, and it is located at Plaza del Trabuco.

This church can be reached by going up along San Pedro Street from Plaza Mayor.

Church of Saint Michael
The Church of Saint Michael (Iglesia de San Miguel in Spanish) was erected during the 13th century, with only one nave and an apse. In the 15th century, a second nave at the north side was added. The dome was built by Esteban Jamete in the 16th century, and finally the wooden ceiling of the two naves was replaced with stone vaults during the 18th century.

Saint Michael was restored in the 20th century, and its management was transferred to Cuenca's municipality from Cuenca's diocese, so that this church could be used to hold classical music concerts. In fact, Saint Michael is home of the Religious Music Week (Semana de Musica Religiosa) together with other places within the city and its province.

It is located at San Miguel street, next to Plaza Mayor. Saint Michael is accessed through a descending narrow passage which starts at Plaza Mayor left lateral (looking from the Town Hall).

Church of Our Savior (Iglesia del Salvador)
Built in Neo-Gothic style during the 18th century, with only one nave and a high tower. It shows a modest baroque façade and some remarkable baroque altars indoors. The door is however quite modern, added in the late 1990s.

The famous religious procession "Las Turbas", held on Good Friday morning, starts at this location, since the image of "Jesús el Nazareno", which is at the forefront of the procession, is kept within "El Salvador".

Bridge of Saint Paul
The bridge of Saint Paul (Puente de San Pablo) was built from 1533 to 1589, a construction driven by the canon Juan del Pozo, over the gorge of the River Huecar, aiming at connecting the old town with St Paul convent.

The original bridge collapsed, and the current one was built in 1902, made of wood and iron according to the style dominating at the beginning of the 20th century. It is up to 40 metres high and supported by the remains of the old bridge.

Seminary
The Seminary (Seminario), a rectangular building stretching from Plaza de la Merced to Mangana Square, was established under the rule of José Flores y Osorio, the Bishop of Cuenca (1738–1759), and built by Vicente Sevill, around 1745. The Baroque façade at Plaza de la Merced was erected in 1748.

It holds a library with numerous ancient books, some of them incunabula (previous to 1501). There is also a Rococo meeting room inside and a Gothic altarpiece at the chapel, but visits are not allowed.

In 2004 some books from this library were stolen, but the suspect of the robbery was caught and the books recovered before entering on an auction process.

Now an average of 10–15 future priests are trained there, according to statistics of the Spanish Episcopal Conference.[1]

Old convent of Saint Paul

The convent of Saint Paul was built in the 16th century by command of the canon priest Juan del Pozo, a monk belonging to the Dominican Order. Brothers Juan and Pedro de Alviz were in charge of the building project; Pedro worked on the convent and the cloister and Juan on the church.

The church was finished in the 18th century, in rococo style.

The convent was ruled by Dominican friars, but during the 19th century was handed over to the Pauline Fathers, who were based here until 1975, when they left due to the possible collapse of the building. In the 1990s the convent was restored to house the Parador Nacional de Turismo in Cuenca, a hotel which allows the visit to the convent as well as the access to the church.

The cloister has an ornamental source of water, and the cafeteria is the old chapel. From the convent the old town can be reached easily by crossing St Paul bridge.

Bishop's Palace
The bishop's palace features, on three of its museums, the Diocese's Museum, which has a remarkable collection of religious art. It can be easily accessed from the cathedral.

The rooms where the collection is shown were remodeled by architect Fernando Barja Noguerol, and Gustavo Torner selected the art pieces from an inventory made by some priests of the Diocese in 1977. Some of the diocese's artistic patrimony was lost during the Peninsular War, the confiscation of ecclesiastical property by Juan Álvarez Mendizábal, and the Spanish Civil War.

Masterpieces like The Byzantine Diptych (book-like silver work whose origin is dated around 1370, containing saints' relics), paintings by El Greco, and handcrafted carpets from Cuenca's school, can be seen at the museum.

The Castle
El Castillo is the name for the remains of an ancient Arab fortress, representing the older structures of Cuenca. Only a tower, two stone blocks, the arch which allows to enter/leave the old town from the Barrio del Castillo and a fragment of the walls have been left. The arch (arco de Bezudo) is named after Gutierre Rodriguez Bezudo, from Segovia, who fought the Arabs with King Alfonso VIII to conquer Cuenca.

The castle was home of the Holy Inquisition after 1583, and it was finally destroyed during the 19th century by French soldiers during the Spanish War of Independence.

Nearby are the small chapel and cemetery of San Isidro.

Mangana Tower
The origins of the Mangana Tower remain unclear. In 1565 it was painted by Anton van den Wyngaerde, which indicates that at that time Mangana had already been built up, and after the attacks by French soldiers during the Spanish War of Independence war – at the beginning of the 19th century – and having been hit previously by a thunderbolt in the 18th century, it became badly destroyed. Mangana Tower was rebuilt by Fernando Alcántara in Neomudejar style – inspired on Arab decorative motifs – in 1926. Finally, Victor Caballero gave Mangana its current look in a fortress-like style in 1968.

It has a clock on one of its walls and a recording of bell chimes can be heard in the old town at certain times (every quarter of an hour).

There are views from the near viewpoints over the river Jucar's gorge and the modern neighborhoods. Mangana can be reached on foot from Plaza Mayor.

Town Hall
The Town Hall is a building in baroque style built up during the ruling period of King Carlos III and supported over three Roman arches. It was finished in 1762, as it can be read on the façade. Nevertheless, in the 18th century Mateo Lopez was the architect in charge of the extension of the building since it was necessary to amply the building for the oratory as well as the archive.

The central arch is the only one giving access to vehicles to Plaza Mayor.

Hanging Houses

Built over a rock above the Huecar River gorge in the 15th century, Las Casas Colgadas are the only remaining samples of this type of building which was common in this city a long time ago.

Hanging Houses can be considered the most famous civil buildings in Cuenca. They house a restaurant and the Museum of Abstract Arts and they serve as the background of millions of photos made from the bridge of San Pablo.

Monument devoted to the Sacred Heart of Jesus
On top of the Cerro del Socorro you can find the monument devoted to the Holy Heart of Jesus, whose materials were transported on donkeys in the mid-20th century. This place is a magnificent viewpoint over the city. It can be accessed by taking the road to Palomera / Buenache de la Sierra (Huecar river gorge) and turn right after , approx.

Cuenca Province Council
The provincial council's seat (Diputación provincial de Cuenca) is a building with 2 floors built at the early 20th century according to a project conceived by provincial architect Rafael Alfaro. Cuenca's coat of arms at the façade is made of Carrara marble.

Others
Other notable buildings in Cuenca include the San Felipe Neri church, the Our Lady of Light church (Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de La Luz) and the Las Petras convent.

Museums
Archeological Museum which contains items from the Archaeological Park of Segóbriga
Diocese's Museum
Museum of Spanish Abstract Art
Museum of Science of Castile-La Mancha
Holy Week Museum of Cuenca
Fundación Antonio Pérez
Fundación Antonio Saura

Parks
El Escardillo, with a few trees and a fountain over a small patch of ground. It is one of the few green areas in the old town.
Los Moralejos: located near the entry point from Madrid, Los Moralejos, also known as "Carrero" (its old name was Carrero Blanco, the VP of General Franco), is a park which was enlarged in the early nighties, when San Julian's fair was moved to its current location, thus releasing some amount of land. A bicycle lane has been built recently, as well as a new connection with the "el Sargal" sport centre.
Santa Ana, "El Vivero", near to the Cuenca's bullring, large trees give shadow to most of the park.
San Fernando: located in the expansion area of Cuenca, it is settled on a slope and features, among other attractions, three small lakes.
San Julián, the oldest one in Cuenca, created at the beginning of the 20th century, from land donated by Gregoria Fernández de la Cuba, whose sculpture can be found here. San Julián's park is an example of sustainable design: there is no grass, instead the rectangles of terrain along the perimeter contain large trees, and are separated by bush rows and sand paths. In the centre, an open space houses a bandstand. A sculpture of Lucas Aguirre y Juárez, which devoted its filantropic efforts to education of poor children, is also here. A fully functional "Manneken pis" relieves thirsty passers-by during the summer days.

Festivities
Jueves Lardero
St. Julian's Day (Julian of Cuenca) – 28 January
Saint Matthew's Day – 21 September: a young bull (la vaquilla) is released on the streets being led by people with ropes, while people from Cuenca, grouped in "peñas", eat and drink on the streets during the four-day period. On the first day, peñas get to Plaza Mayor on foot while being watered by the old town's inhabitants from their balconies.
Holy Week: Fiesta of International Tourist Interest of Spain

Transportation

On 2010 December 19 a new AVE (high-speed rail) link was established between Madrid – Atocha and Valencia and some of the high-speed trains stop at the Cuenca–Fernando Zóbel railway station, some 5 km from the city centre and connected by urban bus route 1, thus providing travellers with frequent connections every day with both Madrid and Valencia, this reduced the journey time to only 50 minutes to/from Madrid and one hour to/from Valencia. Renfe operated a non-high-speed service taking 3 hours going from Madrid, serving the historical station in the city centre, but the conventional line was closed on 2022 July 20 and Cuenca-Fernando Zóbel is the only station left. Auto Res, a bus operator, links Madrid to Cuenca with a 2-hour or 2½-hour trip duration. The A-40 motorway, recently completed, connects the city with the A-3 at Tarancón,  away from Madrid, thus totalling  to Spain's capital, and  far from Valencia, via the A-3 in the opposite sense.

Twin towns – sister cities
Cuenca is twinned with:

 Cuenca, Ecuador
 L'Aquila, Italy
 Ronda, Spain
 Plasencia, Spain
 Taxco de Alarcón, Mexico
 Paju, South Korea (2007)
 Cerreto Sannita, Italy (2017)
 Bollène, France (2012)

Gastronomy
The following are typical dishes from the Cuenca area, being basically the result of combining those of Serranía and Mancha areas:
Ajo arriero, made of cod, potato and garlic, can be spread on bread
Cordero, some pieces of lamb simply roasted or in caldereta
Morteruelo, a kind of pâté made of different kinds of meat, mainly hare, partridge, hen and pork.
Pisto manchego, a mixture of vegetables (tomato, pepper, courgette/zucchini) cut up and fried together, similar to the "ratatouille" from France.
Queso manchego, coming from Villarejo de Fuentes, Santa María del Campo Rus or Villamayor de Santiago, made only from sheep's milk
Setas, during the autumn a great variety of mushrooms can be collected in the forests near Cuenca. The most frequent is the so-called Níscalo, but other species, such as boletus, can also be found.
Trucha, trout from the mountain rivers just grilled
Oreja, Forro, Panceta: different cuts of pork usually grilled
Mojete: traditional salad made of tomato.
For dessert, the Alajú is an Arab cake made of honey, almonds, nuts and grated orange rind.
Resoli is a typical drink, served in a glass with ice cubes or directly drunk from a "porrón" after a meal.

Gallery

See also
 Ciudad Encantada in Cuenca.
 The Valley of Gwangi: The final scenes of this 1969 American western fantasy film were shot in Plaza Mayor and also inside Cuenca Cathedral. Scenes were also filmed at the unusual rock formations of Ciudad Encantada near Cuenca, to depict the Forbidden Valley.
 Sound of the Sky, Japanese anime television series. The series is set in a fictional town named Seize, which is modelled after Cuenca and includes many of its notable landmarks.

References

External links

Official website (in Spanish)
Webcam in a side street
Cuenca
A Stroll Through La Mancha by The Guardian

World Heritage Sites in Spain

Cuenca, Spain


Yerleşim yerleri
 Güneşli, Adıyaman - Adıyaman ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Eskil - Aksaray ili Eskil ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Arhavi - Artvin ili Arhavi ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Borçka - Artvin ili Borçka ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Hopa - Artvin ili Hopa ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Gönen - Balıkesir ili Gönen ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, Batman - Batman ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Hasankeyf - Batman ili Hasankeyf ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Tekman - Erzurum ili Tekman ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, İstanbul - İstanbul ili Bağcılar ilçesinde bir semt
 Güneşli, Bergama - İzmir ili Bergama ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, Karabük - Karabük ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, İnebolu - Kastamonu ili İnebolu ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Kocasinan - Kayseri ili Kocasinan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, Kilis - Kilis ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Akçadağ - Malatya ili Akçadağ ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, Gördes - Manisa ili Gördes ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, Fethiye - Muğla ili Seydikemer ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, Çarşamba - Samsun ili Çarşamba ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, Ulaş - Sivas ili Ulaş ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Malkara - Tekirdağ ili Malkara ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, Köprübaşı - Trabzon ili Köprübaşı ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Güneşli, Yozgat - Yozgat ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Güneşli, Ereğli - Zonguldak ili Karadeniz Ereğli ilçesine bağlı belde

Güneşli


Les élections législatives françaises de 2022 dans le Val-d'Oise se déroulent les  et . Dans le département, dix députés sont à élire dans le cadre de dix circonscriptions.

Contexte

Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 2022 par circonscription

Système électoral
Les élections législatives ont lieu au scrutin uninominal majoritaire à deux tours dans des circonscriptions uninominales.

Est élu au premier tour le candidat qui réunit la majorité absolue des suffrages exprimés et un nombre de voix au moins égal au quart (25 %) des électeurs inscrits dans la circonscription. Si aucun des candidats ne satisfait ces conditions, un second tour est organisé entre les candidats ayant réuni un nombre de voix au moins égal à un huitième des inscrits (12,5 %) ; les deux candidats arrivés en tête du premier tour se maintiennent néanmoins par défaut si un seul ou aucun d'entre eux n'a atteint ce seuil. Au second tour, le candidat arrivé en tête est déclaré élu.

Le seuil de qualification basé sur un pourcentage du total des inscrits et non des suffrages exprimés rend plus difficile l'accès au second tour lorsque l'abstention est élevé. Le système permet en revanche l'accès au second tour de plus de deux candidats si plusieurs d'entre eux franchissent le seuil de 12,5 % des inscrits. Les candidats en lice au second tour peuvent ainsi être trois, un cas de figure appelé . Les second tours où s'affrontent quatre candidats, appelés  sont également possibles, mais beaucoup plus rares.

Partis et nuances
Les résultats des élections sont publiées en France par le ministère de l'Intérieur, qui classe les partis en leur attribuant des nuances politiques. Ces dernières sont décidées par les préfets, qui les attribuent indifféremment de l'étiquette politique déclarée par les candidats, qui peut être celle d'un parti ou une candidature sans étiquette.

En 2022, seuls les coalitions Ensemble (ENS) et Nouvelle Union populaire écologique et sociale (NUPES), ainsi que le Parti radical de gauche (RDG), l'Union des démocrates et indépendants (UDI), Les Républicains (LR), le Rassemblement national (RN) et Reconquête (REC) se voient attribués en 2022 des nuances propres.

Tous les autres partis se voient attribués l'une ou l'autre des nuances suivantes : DXG (divers extrême gauche), DVG (divers gauche), ECO (écologiste), REG (régionaliste), DVC (divers centre), DVD (divers droite), DSV (droite souverainiste) et DXD (divers extrême droite). Des partis comme Debout la France ou Lutte ouvrière ne disposent ainsi pas de nuances propres, et leurs résultats nationaux ne sont pas publiés séparément par le ministère, car mélangés avec d'autres partis (respectivement dans les nuances DSV et DXG).

Campagne

Résultats

Élus

Taux de participation

Résultats à l'échelle du département

Résultats par coalition

Résultats par nuance

Cartes

Résultats par circonscription

Première circonscription

Député sortant : Antoine Savignat (Les Républicains).

Deuxième circonscription

Député sortant : Guillaume Vuilletet (La République en marche).

Troisième circonscription

Députée sortante : Cécile Rilhac (En commun - La République en marche).

Quatrième circonscription

Députée sortante : Naïma Moutchou (Horizons).

Cinquième circonscription

Députée sortante : Fiona Lazaar (La République en marche).

Sixième circonscription

Députée sortante : Nathalie Élimas (Mouvement démocrate).

Septième circonscription

Député sortant : Dominique Da Silva (La République en marche).

Huitième circonscription

Député sortant : François Pupponi (Mouvement démocrate).

Neuvième circonscription

Députée sortante : Živka Park (La République en marche).

Dixième circonscription
Député sortant : Aurélien Taché (Les Nouveaux Démocrates).

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Articles connexes
 Liste des circonscriptions législatives du Val-d'Oise
 Liste des députés du Val-d'Oise
 Élections législatives françaises de 2022

Val-d'Oise
Législatives, 2022

Élections législatives de 2022 dans le Val-d'Oise


Institut supérieur international du parfum, de la cosmétique et de l'aromatique alimentaire (ISIPCA) er en fransk skole. Sammen med Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines tilbyder skolen bachelorgrad-program og mastergrad-program.

Skolen blev oprettet i 1970 - Institut supérieur international du parfum (ISIP). 1984 var navnet, Institut supérieur international du parfum, de la cosmétique et de l'aromatique alimentaire, og har i dag omkring 500 studerende.

Noter

Uddannelsesinstitutioner i Frankrig
Tekniske universiteter


Röderhof ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Huy in Sachsen-Anhalt mit etwa 200 Einwohnern.

Geografie
Röderhof befindet sich am Nordrand des Höhenzugs Huy. Der Ort liegt im Südosten von Dingelstedt am Huy, nördlich des Klosters Huysburg und etwa 10 km nördlich von Halberstadt. Am Ort befindet sich der Röderhofer Teich.

In Röderhof beginnt am Fernradweg Aller-Harz der Harzvorland-Fernradweg über Westerhausen zum Europaradwanderweg R1 bei Neinstedt.

Geschichte
Der Röderhof entstand vor 1450 im Bereich des wüst gefallenen Neudorfes als einer der Haupthöfe des Klosters Huysburg und wurde von mönchischen Provisoren (Verwaltern) geleitet. 1804 wurden die Klosterbesitzungen landesherrliche Domänen.

1823 bis 1830 wurde auf dem Gelände des Gutes das Schloss Röderhof erbaut. Dabei fanden einige Kapitelle und Verbundsteine aus dem Kloster Huysburg Verwendung. Der General Karl Friedrich von dem Knesebeck, dem auch das Kloster gehörte, ließ nach der Säkularisation 1804 auch den zusammengefallenen Kreuzgang wieder im Schlossgelände errichten. 1878 gelangte das Gut in den Besitz der Familie Hahn. Vor der Enteignung 1945 gehörte das Anwesen dem Rittmeister Friederich Schliephake, Inhaber der Ackerbauschule Badersleben.

1945 wurde das Gut Röderhof im Zuge der sowjetischen Bodenreform unter Siedlern aufgeteilt. Unter dem Druck des stalinistischen DDR-Regimes brachten die Kleinbauern in den Jahren um 1950 ihre jeweils zehn Hektar großen Flächen in eine LPG ein. Besonders in der DDR-Zeit litten das Schloss und der Kreuzgang schwer. Jegliche Kunstgegenstände wurden gestohlen. 1945 bis 1992 waren unterschiedliche Einrichtungen in den Gebäuden untergebracht, darunter ab 1947 ein Kinderheim, ab 1958 eine Rehabilitierungsstätte für an Tuberkulose erkrankte Mädchen, ab 1967 ein Pflegeheim der Stadt Halberstadt und schließlich ab 1988 ein Kunstverein. Seit 1994 gehört es wieder der Familie Beate, ehemals Schliephake.

Am 20. Juli 1950 wurde Röderhof nach Dingelstedt am Huy eingemeindet. Seit dem 1. April 2002 ist Röderhof Teil der Gemeinde Huy.

Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Schloss Röderhof
 Klosterkirche (Kloster Huysburg) aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, Teil der Straße der Romanik
 Chalander, Ausstellungszentrum des Kunstvereins Röderhof e.V.

An die Gefallenen des Ersten und Zweiten Weltkriegs der Gemeinde erinnert das Kriegerdenkmal Röderhof.

Weblinks
 Private Webpräsenz
 Website des Schlosses

Einzelnachweise

Huy (Gemeinde)
Ort im Landkreis Harz
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Harz)
Gemeindeauflösung 1950

Röderhof (Huy)


Exedra (din latină exedra după greaca veche exedros care semnifică «cine este afară») este, într-o clădire, o sală de conversație echipată cu scaune sau cu bănci. Ea urmează, cel mai adesea, un plan semicircular, care facilitează contactul între interlocutori.

În bazilicile creștine, exedra este o bancă semicirculară de piatră, în fundul absidei.

Galerie de imagini

Legături externe

Încăperi
Arhitectura Greciei antice
Arhitectură romană antică
Arhitectură creștină

Exedră


Atık yönetimi, herhangi bir ürünün tasarım aşamasından başlayarak; üretim, tüketim, atık oluşumu, atığın geri dönüştürülmesi ve/veya bertarafını kapsayan bir disiplindir.

Atık Yönetimi
Atığın kaynağında azaltılması, özelliğine göre ayrılması, toplanması, geçici depolanması, ara depolanması, geri kazanılması, taşınması, bertarafı ve bertaraf işlemleri sonrası kontrolü ve benzeri işlemleri içeren bir yönetim biçimidir.
Atık yönetimi; tıbbi, evsel ve tehlikeli veya tehlikesiz atıkların minimizasyonu, kaynak arama ayrı toplama, gerektiğinde depolama oluşturulan atıkların merkezlerine aktarılması, atık işleme, bertaraf, geri dönüşüm, geri kazanmak ve kapatma işlemi ile bertaraf tesisleri, kapatma bakım Bir yönetim biçiminde izleme ve kontrol işlemleri.

Çevre üzerindeki baskının büyük ve tek bir yaklaşımla çözmeye büyüyen atık sorununu oluşturan yeterli değildir. Fakat bütün yöntemlerin kombinasyonları ile etkin bir atık yönetimi oluşturabilir. Uluslararası alanda kabul gören bu yaklaşım, "Entegre Atık Yönetimi" benimsenmesine önayak olmuştur.

Entegre atık yönetiminde, atık yönetiminin öğelerini bir bütün olarak değerlendirilerek hem çevresel hem de ekonomik açıdan sürdürebilirliğin sağlanması hedeflenir. Bu çerçevede, atık yönetiminin sadece bir tek atık türüne veya bir tek kaynağa yönelik olması beklenemez.

Konu ile ilgili sivil toplum örgütleri ve kuruluşlar
 T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı-Atık Yönetimi Dairesi
 Tüm Atık ve Çevre Yönetimi Derneği
 Çevre Koruma ve Ambalaj Atıkları Değerlendirme Vakfı
 Taşınabilir Pil Üreticileri ve İthalatçıları Derneği
 Elektronik Atıkların Geri Dönüşümünü Destekleme Derneği

Dış bağlantılar
 T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı-Atık Yönetimi Dairesi
 Çevre Mühendislği ve Çevre Mevzuatı
 Atık Yönetim Sistemi
 Atıklar
 Elektronik Atıkların Geri Dönüşümünü Destekleme Derneği
 TAP

Atık yönetimi


Idrætsfilmen Internationale er en dansk propagandafilm fra 1929 med instruktion og manuskript af Ejnar Krenchel.

Handling
Filmen foregår i Danmark, Rom og Wien med mellemspil fra Grækenland for 2000 år siden. I filmen medvirker i øvrigt flere hundrede idrætsfolk, heriblandt en række af de mest kendte indenfor idrættens forskellige grene i Danmark, samt lejrsportsfolk fra Danmarks socialdemokratiske Ungdom.

Medvirkende
 Ernst Larsen - Ernst, københavnsk bagersvend
 Helge Rassow - Rodolfo, romersk lazzaron
 Freddy Heinze - Peppo, romersk lazzaron
 Kamma Ejram - Pia Bianchi
 Georg Christensen - Restauratør Bianchi, Pias far
 Axel Hertz - Rasetti, fascistfører
 Carl Bergmann - Officer
 L. Dyrhauge-Lundbeck - Snobboni, formand i fascisternes fægteklub
 Rudolf Broby-Johansen - Digteren
 Walther Door - Krigsveteranen
 Margrethe Brock-Nielsen - Danserinde
 Bente Hørup - Danserinde
 Else Højgaard - Danserinde
 Gerda Petersen - Danserinde
 Otto Thoresen - Danser
 Paul Rohde

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Propagandafilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1929

Idrætsfilmen Internationale


Vomano () er en 76 km lang flod, der løber i regionen Abruzzo i Italien. Dens udspring er nær Monte San Franco ved Gran Sasso d'Italia og Lago di Campotosto i provinsen L'Aquila. Floden løber ind i provinsen Teramo og løber mod nordøst ved Montorio al Vomano og Basciano. Floden Fucino løber ind i Vomano syd for Crognaleto og Mavone løber ind i Vomano nær Basciano. Den løber ud i Adriaterhavet i nærheden af Roseto degli Abruzzi.

I 1995 blev en stor del af flodens afvandingsområde udlagt som naturpark under navnet Parco territoriale attrezzato del Fiume Vomano.

Referencer

Floder i Italien
Abruzzo
Appenninerne

Vomano


Dirty Work may refer to:

Films and television
Dirty Work (1933 film), an American comedy short starring comic duo Laurel and Hardy
Dirty Work (1934 film), a British comedy film
Dirty Work, a 1992 made for TV crime film starring John Ashton
Dirty Work (1998 film), an American comedy film starring Norm Macdonald and Artie Lange
Dirty Work (TV series), a 2012 television series

Music
"Dirty Work" (Steely Dan song), 1972
Dirty Work (The Rolling Stones album), 1986
Dirty Work (All Time Low album), 2011
"Dirty Work" (Austin Mahone song), 2015
Dirty Work – The Album, a 2017 album by Austin Mahone
Derty Werk, 1999 album by T.W.D.Y.
 "Dirty Work", a song by Halestorm from the album Halestorm

Novels
Dirty Work (Cox novel), a 1987 novel by Nigel Cox
Dirty Work (Brown novel), a 1989 novel by Larry Brown
Dirty Work, a 1993 novel by Dan McGirt
Dirty Work, a 2003 novel by Stuart Woods

Play
Dirty Work (play), farce by Ben Travers, produced in 1932 at the Aldwych Theatre, London

Other
Dirty work, another name for chore division, a part of the theory of fair division
Dirty Work, a story from The Railway Series' book "Duck and the Diesel Engine"

Dirty Work


An Cynorkis brevicornu in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley. An Cynorkis brevicornu in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cynorkis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cynorkis

Cynorkis brevicornu


Kayadere, Muğla ilinin Milas ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Daha önceleri Kalınağıl köyüne bağlı bir mahalle iken, 30 Mart 1945'te yine aynı köye bağlı Oynak mahallesi ile birleşerek köy statüsü kazandı. 2012 yılındaki yasa değişikliğinden sonra yeniden mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Muğla il merkezine 89 km, Milas ilçe merkezine 20 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Milas'ın mahalleleri

Kayadere, Milas


Gornji Rujani su naseljeno mjesto u gradu Livnu, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 489

 Hrvati- 485
 Srbi - 3
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 1

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 368

 Hrvati- 365
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 3

Izvori

Naselja u Hercegbosanskoj županiji
Livno

Gornji Rujani


Petar Soljanin (mučenik), franjevac mučenik
 Petar Zlojutrić (1550. – 1623.), sofijski biskup
 Petar iz Soli, franjevac mučenik

Petar Soljanin


سوق الثلاثاء بأضم الواقع جنوب محافظة الطائف وشرق محافظة الليث يعد من أقدم الأسواق الشعبية في المملكة العربية السعودية حيث تذكر المصادر التاريخية الموجودة الآن أنه يعود إلى القرن السادس عشر الميلادي أي أكثر من أربع مئة سنة وما زال هذا السوق يقاوم الزمن حيث كان هذا السوق منطقة للتجمع القبائل العربية للشراء والبيع حيث كان يحتوي على كل ما يتمناه الناس في ذلك الزمن وعلى الرغم من مرور السنوات وانتقال السوق إلى مكان قريب من القديم إلا أن السوق القديم ما زال قائم يقاوم الايام والسنين حيث لم يفقد إلا أشياء بسيطة بسبب اهمال الجهات المختصة فيه حفظة.

أسواق السعودية
الطائف

سوق الثلاثاء (أضم)


Fries's Rebellion (), also called House Tax Rebellion, the Home Tax Rebellion and, in Pennsylvania German, the Heesses-Wasser Uffschtand, was an armed tax revolt among Pennsylvania Dutch farmers between 1799 and 1800. It was the third of three tax-related rebellions in the 18th century United States, the earlier two being Shays' Rebellion (central and western Massachusetts, 1786–87) and the Whiskey Rebellion (western Pennsylvania, 1794). It was commemorated in 2003 with a Pennsylvania historical marker erected in Quakertown, Pennsylvania, where it first erupted.

Background
When the Quasi-War with France threatened to escalate in 1798, Congress raised a large army and enlarged the navy. To pay for it, Congress in July 1798 imposed $2 million in new taxes on real estate and slaves, apportioned among the states according to the requirements of the Constitution. It was the first (and only) such federal tax.

Congress had also recently passed the Alien and Sedition Acts, criminalizing dissent and increasing the power of the executive branch under John Adams.

Beginning
In July 1798, during the troubles between the United States and France now known as the Quasi-War, the US Congress levied a direct tax (on dwelling-houses, lands and slaves; sometimes called the Direct House Tax of 1798) of $2 million, of which Pennsylvania's share would have been $237,000.

There were very few slaves in Pennsylvania, and the tax was accordingly assessed upon dwelling-houses and land, the value of the houses being determined by the number and size of the windows.  The inquisitorial nature of the proceedings, with assessors riding around and counting windows, aroused strong opposition, and many refused to pay, making the constitutional argument that this tax was not being levied in proportion to population.

Pennsylvania auctioneer John Fries organized meetings, starting in February 1799, to discuss a collective response to the tax. As an itinerant auctioneer, Fries was well acquainted with the German-Americans' issues in the southeastern part of Pennsylvania. This was important because the three counties in which the opposition was centered (Bucks, Northampton, and Montgomery) were heavily populated by German Immigrants.  In Milford township, particularly, assessors were unsuccessful in completing their tax assessments due to intimidation.  At a meeting called by government representatives in an attempt to explain the tax in a way as to defuse tensions, protesters waving liberty flags, some armed and in Continental Army uniforms, shouted them down and turned the meeting into a protest rally.

The assessors at first determined to continue their work in Milford. Fries personally warned the assessors to quit their work, but they ignored the threat.  He then led a small armed band that harassed the assessors enough that they decided to abandon Milford for the time being.

In early March, a local militia company and a growing force of armed irregulars met, marching to the accompaniment of drum and fife.  About a hundred set off for Quakertown in pursuit of the assessors, whom they intended to place under arrest.  They captured a number of assessors there, releasing them with a warning not to return and to tell the government what had happened to them.

Spread
Opposition to the tax spread to other parts of Pennsylvania.  In Penn, the appointed assessor resigned under public threats; the assessors in Hamilton Township and Northampton Township also begged to resign, but were refused as nobody else could be found to take their places.

Federal warrants were issued, and the U.S. Marshal began arresting people for tax resistance in Northampton.  Arrests were made without much incident until the marshal reached Macungie, then known as Millerstown, where a crowd formed to protect a man from arrest.  Failing to make that arrest, the marshal made a few others and returned to Bethlehem with his prisoners.

Two separate groups of rebels independently vowed to liberate the prisoners, and marched on Bethlehem. They prevailed without violence, and freed the tax resisters who had been arrested.  In response to this action, President John Adams called out a force of federal troops and local militia.  They marched into the rebellious counties and began making wholesale arrests of the insurgents. John Fries was among the men captured.

Trials
Thirty men went on trial in Federal court. Fries, Frederick Heaney (Hoenig/Haney), and John Getman were tried for treason and, with Federalists stirring up a frenzy, were sentenced to be hanged. President John Adams pardoned Fries and others convicted of treason. Adams was prompted by the narrower constitutional definition of treason, and he later added that the rebels were "obscure, miserable Germans, as ignorant of our language as they were of our laws"  and were being used by "great men" in the opposition party. He issued a general amnesty for everyone involved on May 21, 1800.

Historians are in agreement that the Federalists overreacted and mishandled a small episode.  The long-term impact was that the German-American communities rejected the Federalist Party.

See also
 List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
 Tax resistance in the United States
 Whiskey Rebellion, in Pennsylvania 1794
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States

Notes

References

Further reading
 Adams, Charles, Those Dirty Rotten Taxes: The Tax Revolts That Built America (Free Press, March 1998)
 Bouton, Terry. "'No Wonder the Times Were Troublesome': the Origins of the Fries Rebellion, 1783-1799," Pennsylvania History (2000) 67#1: 21-42  online
 Churchill, Robert H. "Popular Nullification, Fries' Rebellion, and the Waning of Radical Republicanism, 1798-1801," Pennsylvania History (2000) 67#1: 105-14 online
 Davis, W.W.H. The Fries Rebellion (1899) online
 Dimmig, Jeffrey S. "Palatine Liberty: Pennsylvania German Opposition to the Direct Tax of 1798," American Journal of Legal History 2001 45(4): 371-390
 Elkins, Stanley, and Eric McKitrick. The Age of Federalism (1996) pp 696–700

 Newman, Paul Douglas. Fries's Rebellion: The Enduring Struggle for the American Revolution (2005) , the standard scholarly study
 Newman, Simon. "The World Turned Upside Down: Revolutionary Politics, Fries' and Gabriel's Rebellions, and the Fears of the Federalists." Pennsylvania History 67.1 (2000): 5-20. online
 Newman, Paul Douglas. "Fries's Rebellion and American Political Culture, 1798-1800." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 119.1/2 (1995): 37-73. online
 Newman, Paul Douglas. "The Federalists' Cold War: The Fries Rebellion, National Security, and the State, 1787-1800." Pennsylvania History 67.1 (2000): 63-104. online
 Pfleger, Birte. "'Miserable Germans' and Fries's Rebellion: Language, Ethnicity, and Citizenship in the Early Republic," Early American Studies: an Interdisciplinary Journal 2004 2(2): 343-361
 Ridgway, Whitman H. "Fries in the Federalist Imagination: a Crisis of Republican Society," Pennsylvania History 2000 67(1): 141-160 online

External links

John Fries Rebellion Part 1: The House Tax Rebellion
John Fries Rebellion Part 2: The Trial

Conflicts in 1799
Conflicts in 1800
Rebellions in the United States
1799 in Pennsylvania
1800 in Pennsylvania
18th-century rebellions
Presidency of John Adams

Fries's Rebellion


Seiichi Sugano (菅野誠; Otaru, 17. prosinca 1939. – New York 29. kolovoza 2010.), japanski majstor borilačkih vještina. Izravni je učenik Moriheija Ueshibe. Nositelj je 8. Dana u aikidu.

Životopis
Seiichi Sugano je rođen u Otaru na Hokkaidu. Sugano je judo proučavao šest godina kada je, oko 18. godine, otišao vježbati aikido. U Hombu dojo je ušao 1957. godine, a do 1959. godine bio je izravni učenik Moriheija Ueshibe. Godine 1965. Ueshiba ga je poslao da širi aikido u Australiji. Tamo je ostao 15 godina, osnovavši organizaciju Aikikai Australia. Na zahtjev Nobuyoshi Tamure, Sugano je otišao u Europu i boravio u Belgiji, Luksemburgu i Francuskoj. Počevši od 1988. godine, boravio je u New Yorku, gdje je zajedno s Yoshimitsu Yamadom predavao u New York Aikikaiju.

Sugano je održavao redovite kontakte s Hombu dojo-m i s obitelji Ueshiba. Tijekom godine puno je putovao održavajući seminare aikida, uglavnom u Europi i jugoistočnoj Aziji. Dva puta godišnje posjećivao je Australiju, a jednom godišnje Maleziju radi provođenja Nacionalnih škola za obuku i Dan ocjenjivanja. Suganoov aikido je bio poznat po tome što je posjedovao i brzinu i snagu. Njegovo je učenje naglašavalo vrijeme i udaljenost, u okviru temeljnog proučavanja osnovne tehnike. Upute za oružje slijedile su više organski stil, s vrlo malo proučavanja formalnih kata. Suganova uputa za oružje bila je usredotočena na pravilno postavljanje tijela (hanmi) i uparene vježbe, što je opet naglašavalo nužnost vremena i udaljenosti.

Godine 2003. Sugano je pretrpio amputaciju ispod koljena, ali je nastavio podučavati aikido bez ozbiljnih ograničenja. Osnovan je medicinski fond za pokrivanje njegovih tekućih zdravstvenih troškova. Umro u New Yorku 29. kolovoza 2010. godine. Zaklada koju je osnovao u Australiji prije svoje smrti, nastavlja međunarodno promovirati Suganovo aikido nasljeđe.

Troje Suganovih učenika unaprijeđeno je u 7. Dan po njegovoj preporuci: Tony Smibert (Tasmanija), Robert Botterill (Melbourne) i Hanan Janiv (Canberra). Također su dobili naslov shihana.

Izvori

Vanjske povezice
 Seiichi Sugano

Japanske aikidoke

Seiichi Sugano


Discul articular (Discus articularis) este o formațiune anatomică intraarticulară de forma unei lentile biconcave, formată din fibrocartilaj, găsită în unele articulații sinoviale, care asigură congruența suprafețelor articulare. El aderă prin periferia sa la capsula articulară și formează un perete despărțitor care separă complet sau parțial cavitatea articulară în două compartimente, unul superior, altul inferior.

Discul articular este prezent în 4 articulații: în articulația temporomandibulară - discul articular temporomandibular (Discus articularis tempromandibularis), în articulația sternoclaviculară - discul articular sternoclavicular (Discus articularis sternoclavicularis), în articulația acromioclaviculară - discul articular acromioclavicular (Discus articularis acromioclavicularis) și în articulația radioulnară distală - discul articular radioulnar distal (Discus articularis radioulnaris distalis).

Referințe

Legături externe
 Disque articulaire. Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de Médecine

Articulații

Disc articular


Sibilia es un municipio del departamento de Quetzaltenango, localizado a 29 km de la ciudad de Quetzaltenango y a 216 km de la Ciudad de Guatemala en la región sur-occidente de la República de Guatemala.

En el siglo  el municipio se incorporó a la Mancomunidad Metrópoli de los Altos, una entidad que involucra a varios municipios de los departamentos de Quetzaltenango y Totonicapán y que promueve el desarrollo sostenible de los mismos a mediano y largo plazo.

División política

Cuenta con un total de cuatro aldeas y diecinuevo caseríos que son:

<div align=center>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" width=70% style='font-size:0.9em'
|+División política de Sibilia
|-style=color:white;
!style="background:#659ec7;" align=center|Categoría
!style="background:#659ec7;" align=center|Tipo
|-
!style=background:lemonchiffon;|Aldeas
|Chuicabal, El Rincón, La Unión y Piedra Grande
|-
!style=background:lemonchiffon;|Caseríos
|Colonia Chiquita
Monte Bello
El Barreal
Los Ángeles
Los Pocitos
La Laguna
Pacaché
Rachimaché
El País
Buena Vista
Las Brisas
El paraíso
Vista Hermosa
Vegas de Nazareth
La Selva
Nuevo Belén
San Luis
Patzacán
Loma de Enmedio
|}

Geografía física

El municipio de Sibilia se encuentra a una distancia de 28 km² convirtiéndolo en uno de los más pequeños del departamento de Quetzaltenango.

Clima

El municipio se encuentra en la parte alta de terrenos montañosos y es por eso que su clima puede ser muy frío.

La cabecera municipal de Sibilia tiene clima templado (Köppen: Cwb).

Ubicación geográfica

Se encuentra a una distancia de 30 km de la cabecera departamental Quetzaltenango.

Sus colindancias son:

 Norte: Cabricán y Huitán, municipio del departamento de Quetzaltenango
 Este: San Carlos Sija, municipio del departamento de Quetzaltenango
 Sur: San Carlos Sija, municipio del departamento de Quetzaltenango
 Oeste: San Marcos San Antonio Sacatepéquez y Río Blanco, municipios del departamento de San Marcos (Guatemala)

Gobierno municipal

Los municipios se encuentran regulados en diversas leyes de la República, que establecen su forma de organización, lo relativo a la conformación de sus órganos administrativos y los tributos destinados para los mismos.  Aunque se trata de entidades autónomas, se encuentran sujetos a la legislación nacional y las principales leyes que los rigen desde 1985 son:

El gobierno de los municipios está a cargo de un Concejo Municipal mientras que el código municipal —ley ordinaria que contiene disposiciones que se aplican a todos los municipios— establece que «el concejo municipal es el órgano colegiado superior de deliberación y de decisión de los asuntos municipales […] y tiene su sede en la circunscripción de la cabecera municipal»; el artículo 33 del mencionado código establece que «[le] corresponde con exclusividad al concejo municipal el ejercicio del gobierno del municipio».

El concejo municipal se integra con el alcalde, los síndicos y concejales, electos directamente por sufragio universal y secreto para un período de cuatro años, pudiendo ser reelectos.

Existen también las Alcaldías Auxiliares, los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo (COCODE), el Comité Municipal del Desarrollo (COMUDE), las asociaciones culturales y las comisiones de trabajo. Los alcaldes auxiliares son elegidos por las comunidades de acuerdo a sus principios y tradiciones, y se reúnen con el alcalde municipal el primer domingo de cada mes, mientras que los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo y el Comité Municipal de Desarrollo organizan y facilitan la participación de las comunidades priorizando necesidades y problemas.

Historia

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica

Conformación de los Distritos del Estado De Guatemala tras la iindependencia del Reino de Guatemala de España.

: Mancomunidad Metrópoli de Los Altos

Esta entidad se formó en el siglo , cuenta con una extensión territorial de 871.06 km² y está compuesta por una población total de 364,258 habitantes. La Mancomunidad está conformada por los municipios de San Andrés Xecul y Totonicapán en el departamento de Totonicapán y por los municipios de San Carlos Sija, Sibilia, La Esperanza, San Juan Ostuncalco, Quetzaltenango, Zunil y Salcajá en el departamento de Quetzaltenango, los cuales se adhirieron a la entidad voluntariamente.  Los municipios son representados a través de sus Consejos Municipales y «promueve el desarrollo local, integral y sostenible de los municipios integrantes mediante la formulación de políticas públicas municipales, planes, programas y proyectos, la ejecución de obras y la prestación eficiente de los servicios de su competencia, en forma individual y conjunta».

Véase también

 Elecciones municipales de Guatemala de 2023
 Historia Territorial de Guatemala
 Organización territorial de Guatemala

Notas y referencias

Referencias

Bibliografía

Miembros de la Mancomunidad Metrópoli de Los Altos
Municipios de Quetzaltenango
Patronazgo de San Antonio de Padua
Toponimia castellana de Guatemala

Sibilia (Quetzaltenango)


1940 yılında Erzurum'da doğan İzzettin Önder, İlk ve Orta öğrenimini sırasıyla Fatih İlkokulu ve Robert Koleji'nde yaptı. 1963 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi'ni bitirdi. Aynı fakültede 1967 yılında Doktorasını, 1971 yılında Doçentliğini tamamladı. 1980 yılında Profesör oldu.
Halen İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Maliye Kürsüsü'nde görevini sürdürmektedir. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde Devlet Kontrolü ve Vergilendirme derslerini vermektedir. Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Bölümün de Türkiye İktisat Tarihi derslerine girmektedir.
Uzun süre Cumhuriyet gazetesinde köşe yazarlığı yapmıştır.

Akademik yaşamı boyunca İngiltere'de York Üniversitesi'nde, Japonya'da Seijo Üniversitesi'nde, ABD'de Iowa ve Minnesota Üniversiteleri'nde çeşitli burslarla araştırmacı olarak görev aldı.
Uluslararası Maliye Enstitüsü, Maliye Eğitim Sempozyumu ile Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Konferans Heyeti üyesidir.

1991 – 1992 yıllarında Vergi Konseyi Üyeliği yaptı.

Yayınlanmış çalışmaları şöyledir:
Türkiye'de Kamu Harcamalarının Gelişme Seyri: 1927 – 1967, İktisat Fakültesi Yayını, İstanbul, 1974.
Ekonomi & Politika Yazıları; Der Yayınları, İstanbul 2000
Küreselleşme, Kriz ve "İstikrar" Programı Nasıl Aldatılıyoruz? ; Nazım Kitaplığı, İstanbul, 2002
Türkiye Nereye Götürülüyor? AKP Karanlığında Ekonomi, Siyaset, Dış Politika ve Eğitim ; Nazım Kitaplığı, İstanbul, 2004
Başta Maliye Teorisi ve Maliye Politikası konularında açık öğretim için yazılan kitaplar olmak üzere iktisat üzerine yazılan kitaplara katkılar.
Yurt dışında ve yurt içinde akademik dergilerde Türkçe ve İngilizce makaleler.

İzzettin Önder, halen günlük Evrensel gazetesi'nde ve soL Haber portalinda köşe yazarıdır. Praksis dergisi Danışma Kurulu üyesidir. Önder, ayrıca 4 Haziran 2014'te son günlük sayısını çıkaran soL gazetesinin düzenli yazarlarındandı. 2020 itibarıyla Gazete Manifesto'da da köşe yazarlığı yapmaktadır.

Dış bağlantılar

 http://haber.sol.org.tr
 https://gazetemanifesto.com/author/izzettinonder/
 http://www.acikgazete.com/
 http://www.evrensel.net/

Robert Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Türk ekonomi akademisyenleri
Türk profesörler
Türk marksistler
1940 doğumlular

İzzettin Önder


Fredric Pettersson (rukometaš), rukometaš
Fredric Pettersson i Tjärsta, političar

Vidi Fredrik Pettersson i Fredrik Petersson.

Fredric Pettersson


قيس النوري هو عالم الانثروبولوجيا البروفيسور قيس نعمة النوري (1929- ) من مواليد محافظة ميسان في جنوب العراق (1929)، درس الاقتصاد أولا في جامعة بغداد ثم مالبث أن غير تخصصه إلى دراسة علم الإنسان بعد أن حصل على زمالة دراسية في الولايات المتحدة في نهاية الخمسينات من القرن الماضي. حصل على شهادة الماجستير عام 1960، والدكتوراه عام 1964، من جامعة ولاية واشنطنجامعة واشنطن. وقد كان عنوان أطروحته :

Conflict and Persistence in the Iraqi Chaldean Acculturation. «الصراع والإصرار في عملية التثاقف بالنسبة للكلدان العراقيين».

عاد إلى العراق وعمل في التدريس بقسم علم الاجتماع في جامعة بغداد، ويعد من طليعة الرعيل الثاني بعد جيل الرواد الكبار في علم الاجتماع في العراق والعالم العربي.

عمل في التدريس الجامعي في جامعة طرابلس (الفاتح حاليا) في النصف الأول من سبعينات القرن العشرين، وفي قسم الانثروبولوجيا جامعة اليرموك الأردنية في مدينة اربد من الفترة (1994-2003).

يمتلك أفقا علميا واسعا وحسا سوسيولوجيا عميقا في رصد وتحليل الظواهر الثقافية في المجتمع واثرها في بناء الشخصية. تناول جوانب ثقافية واجتماعية حساسة ذات أثر في مسيرة التنمية الاجتماعية في العالم العربي مثل: القيم الاجتماعية، الأسرة، الهامش الريفي، آفاق الشخصية المنوالية العربية وغيرها من قضايا الثقافة والشخصية وعلاقتها بالتنمية. وقد كان وفيا في هذا الجانب لأستاذه الدكتور علي الوردي الذي يكن له كل احترام وقد كتب ونشر عنه في أكثر من محفل بالعربية والإنكليزية.

وقد ساعدت النوري مرجعيته العلمية الغزيرة جراء مزاملته وتتلمذه على أيدي أساتذة كبار سواء في بغداد أو في اميركا، كما تساعده عملية إجادته التامة للغة الإنكليزية وميله المستمر للاطلاع على آخر مصادر المعرفة في تخصصه من مراجعها الأصلية ومواكبته المستمرة لما ينشر في الغرب، ساعدت على التأثير ايجابيا في منهجيته في الكتابة واختيار موضوعة البحث وطريقة تناوله.

كما تميزه شخصيته الهادئة التي نأت به باستمرار عن مختلف أشكال التنازع والتخاصم وما تمليه طبيعة المهنة أحيانا وحساسيتها.

ينظر له الكثير من طلبته على انه خليفة للدكتور علي الوردي في مسألة تمكنه من اختصاصه وقدرته على الإقناع والتأثير في طلبته وتحفيزهم على الاطلاع والبحث والمناقشة وطرق الجوانب الخفية والغائبة في ثقافتنا العربية. لكن ظروف الفترة التي عاشها العراق في ظل الحكم الدكتاتوري الصارم جعلته حرمته من الحرية النسبية التي نعم بها سلفه الدكتور علي الوردي والتي أنتج فيها ابرز أعماله التي خلدته.

وهو ما يفسر لربما توجه قيس النوري إلى الدأب المستمر على النشر في ابرز المجلات والدوريات العالمية المتخصصة ومنها: انثروبولوجي توداي Anthropology Today الاميركية، المجلة الدولية لعلم الاجتماع International Social Science Journal ومجلة دراسات العائلة المقارنة Comparative Family Studies الكندية وغيرها. ذلك لما توفره مثل هذه المنابر العالمية من حرية الرأي والتعبير فضلا عن إيصال الصوت وذيوع الشهرة في المحافل العلمية المتخصصة ومواكبة مستجدات العلم.

يعود له ولزملائه الانثروبولوجيين في قسم الاجتماع الفضل في تأسيس فرع الانثروبولوجيا التابع لقسم علم الاجتماع في كلية الاداب جامعة بغداد في عام 1988.

ألف الدكتور قيس النوري 13 كتابا وعشرات البحوث العلمية الرصينة المنشورة في الدوريات العربية والعالمية ومن أهم كتبه:

- طبيعة المجتمع البشري في ضوء الانثروبولوجيا الاجتماعية، 1970.

- الحضارة والشخصية، 1981.

- النظريات الاجتماعية (تأليف بالاشتراك مع د. عبد المنعم الحسني)

- مدخل إلى علم الإنسان (الانثروبولوجيا)، 1982.

- الشخصية العربية، 2002.

- الاسرة مشروعا تنمويا، 1994.

- الإنسان والبيئة.

كان يعمل استاذا للانثروبولوجيا في جامعة بغداد.

 لقبته جريدة الجمهورية البغدادية بهذا اللقب بعد لقاء فكري اجري معه في بداية التسعينات من القرن الماضي.
عن مجلة علوم إنسانية.

الوفاة
توفي قيس النوري في يوم 2 أيلول 2015 عن عمر ناهز ال85 سنة.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص من محافظة ميسان (العراق)
باحثون عراقيون
خريجو جامعة واشنطن
علماء اجتماع عراقيون
علماء إنسان
مواليد 1929
وفيات 2015

قيس النوري


Tekören, Eskişehir ilinin Sivrihisar ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin ilk adı tekkeviran dır bu ismi tekkeler çok olduğundan almıştır ikici adı tekkeören  üçüncü ve şimdi kullanılan adı tekören dir.

Coğrafya
Eskişehir iline 110 km, Sivrihisar ilçesine 10 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Sivrihisar'ın mahalleleri

Tekören, Sivrihisar


Pleasant Hills est un village de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud dans le district de Riverina à  à l'ouest de Henty.

Histoire

Comme Alma Park, Pleasant Hills a été fondé par une communauté Wendes venue d'Allemagne en 1892. Le village porte alors le nom de Munyabla.

En 1888 une église luthérienne y est construit puis une école publique est fondée en 1891. Parmi les autres bâtiments qui sont encore en activité, la salle publique a été construite en 1912 et le Pleasant Hills Community Hotel, entre 1917 et 1918.

La ville était desservie par la  qui a été supprimée en 1975. Le bureau de poste de Pleasant Hills a ouvert ses portes le  mars 1890.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Riverina
Localité en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud

Pleasant Hills (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)


Yüce Divan, Türkiye'de Anayasa Mahkemesinin; Cumhurbaşkanını, TBMM Başkanını, Cumhurbaşkanı yardımcılarını, bakanları, yüksek yargı mensuplarını, Genelkurmay Başkanını ve kuvvet komutanlarını görevleriyle ilgili suçlarından ötürü yargılarken kullandığı sıfattır. Mahkemenin bu yetkisi Anayasa'nın 148. maddesinin 6. fıkrasına dayanır.

Yüce Divan sıfatıyla yürütülecek yargılamalara Genel Kurulca bakılır. Divanın savcılık görevini Yargıtay Cumhuriyet Başsavcısı ya da vekili yürütür. 2010 yılında yapılan Anayasa değişikliğine göre Yüce Divan kararlarına yeniden inceleme yolu açılmıştır. Genel Kurulun yeniden inceleme sonucu aldığı kararlar kesindir.

Tarihçe
1876 tarihli Osmanlı anayasası Kanun-ı Esasi, padişah ve devlet aleyhinde suç işleyen bakanlar ile Mahkeme-i Temyiz (Yargıtay) Reis ve Âzalarının yargılanması için dokuz üyeli Daire-i İthamiye (Savcılık) ve 21 üyeli Divan-ı Hüküm adlı iki kısımdan kurulu, Divânı-ı Âli adlı müstakil bir mahkeme öngörmüştür. Bu mahkeme  Yüce Divanın Türk hukuk sistemindeki ilk örneğidir.

1924 tarihli Teşkilat-ı Esasiye Kanunu; görevleri dolayısıyla işledikleri suçlardan ötürü, icra vekillerini (bakanları), Şura-yı Devlet (Danıştay) ile Temyiz Mahkemesi (Yargıtay) Reis ve Azalarını ve Cumhuriyet Başmüddeiumumisini (Cumhuriyet Başsavcısını) yargılaması için Divan-ı Âliyi yeniden düzenlemiştir. Savcılık görevi Cumhuriyet Başmüddeiumumisine verilerek Daire-i İthamiye kaldırılmış ve 21 üyeli tek bir divan kurulmuştur.

1961 ve 1982 Anayasaları, Yüce Divanı müstakil bir mahkeme olarak kurmamış; Anayasa Mahkemesinin Yüce Divan sıfatıyla yargılama yapmasını öngörmüşlerdir. Savcılık görevinin Cumhuriyet Başsavcısına verilmesine yönelik hüküm de korunmuştur.

Yüce Divanda yargılanabilen devlet görevlileri

Yasama
TBMM Başkanı

Yürütme
Cumhurbaşkanı
Cumhurbaşkanı Yardımcıları
Bakanlar

Yargı
Anayasa Mahkemesi Başkanı ve üyeleri
Yargıtay Birinci Başkanı ve üyeleri
 Danıştay Başkanı ve üyeleri
 Sayıştay Başkanı ve üyeleri
Yargıtay Cumhuriyet Başsavcısı ve Cumhuriyet Başsavcıvekili
Danıştay Başsavcısı
 Hâkimler ve Savcılar Kurulu Başkanvekili ve üyeleri

Komuta Kademesi

 Genelkurmay Başkanı
 Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanı
 Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanı
 Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanı

Meclis soruşturması ve Yüce Divana sevk

Cumhurbaşkanı
2017 değişikliği öncesi:

Anayasa'nın 105. maddesine göre cumhurbaşkanı imzaladığı hiçbir karardan sorumlu değildir; kararı ve emirleri aleyhinde yargı organlarına başvurulamaz. Cumhurbaşkanı ancak Meclis üye tam sayısının en az üçte birinin teklifi üzerine ve dörtte üçünün vereceği kararla, vatana ihanetle suçlandırılabilir.

Görevde bulunan veya görevden ayrılmış olan cumhurbaşkanının vatana ihanetten suçlandırılmasını isteyen önerge Meclisi Başkanlığına verildikten sonra derhal Meclisin bilgisine sunulur ve ilgili cumhurbaşkanına bildirilir. Cumhurbaşkanının da dinleneceği bir görüşmeden sonra Meclis, cumhurbaşkanının Yüce Divana sevkine karar verilebilir. Yüce Divana sevk kararında, hangi ceza hükmüne dayanıldığı ve Cumhurbaşkanınca işlendiği ileri sürülen suçun hangi gerekçeyle vatana ihanet sayıldığı da belirtilir.

2017 değişikliği sonrası 105. Madde:

2017 değişikliğiyle Cumhurbaşkanı yürütme görevini tek başına üstlendiğinden yaptığı işlemlerden, eylemlerden ve aldığı kararlardan sorumluluğu bulunmaktadır.
Cumhurbaşkanı yardımcıları ve bakanlar hakkında meclis soruşturması açılıp sadece görev suçlarından sorumlulukları  benimsenmişken; Cumhurbaşkanı hakkında soruşturma açılması ve hem kişisel hem görev suçlarından sorumluluğu benimsenmiştir.

Başbakan (1920-2018) ve Bakanlar

Meclis üye tam sayısının en az onda birinin vereceği bir önergeyle görevde bulunan veya görevinden ayrılmış olan başbakan ve bakanlar hakkında, Bakanlar Kurulunun genel siyasetinden veya görevleriyle ilgili işlerden dolayı meclis soruşturması açılması istenebilir. Soruşturma açılabilmesi için cezai sorumluluğu gerektiren fiillerin görev sırasında işlemiş olması gerekir. İlgili bakan veya başbakanın konuşacağı bir görüşmeden sonra, meclis soruşturması açılıp açılmaması hakkında Genel Kurul gizli oyla karar verir.

Soruşturma açılmasına karar verilmesi hâlinde, Meclisteki siyasi partilerin, güçleri oranında temsil edilecekleri bir Soruşturma Komisyonu kurulur. Çalışmalarını gizlilikle yürüten Komisyon,  kamusal ve özel kuruluşlardan konu ile ilgili bilgi ve belgeler isteyebilir; bunlardan gerekli gördüklerine el koyabilir; Bakanlar Kurulunun tüm araçlarından yararlanabilir; Bakanlar Kurulu üyelerini, diğer ilgilileri, tanık ve bilirkişileri dinleyebilir; adli mercilerden yardım veya hürriyetleri kısıtlayıcı tedbirler isteyebilir. Komisyon, ilgili bakan veya başbakanın savunmasını alır; gerekli gördüğü takdirde alt komisyonlar kurarak çalışmalarını Ankara dışında da taşıyabilir.

Soruşturma Komisyonun sunduğu rapor, Mecliste görüşülerek Genel Kurulda gizli oyla karara bağlanır. Üye tam sayısının salt çoğunluğuyla ilgili bakan veya başbakan Yüce Divana sevk edilebilir. Yüce Divana sevk edilen bakan, bakanlıktan düşer. Başbakanın Yüce Divana sevki hâlindeyse hükûmet istifa etmiş sayılırdı.

Yargılama süreci
Anayasa hükümlerine göre, Yüce Divan sıfatıyla yürütülecek yargılamalara Anayasa Mahkemesi Genel Kurulu bakar.

Yüce Divanda sorgusu yapılan sanığın, sonraki oturumlara gelmemesi durumunda duruşmadan vareste tutulma (duruşmaya gelmek zorunda sayılmama) istemi bulunmasa bile gıyabında duruşmaya devam edilerek kamu davası sonuçlandırılabilir. Müdafiyse her zaman duruşmada hazır bulunabilir.

Sanığın sorguya çekilmesi sırasında, üyelerle cumhuriyet başsavcısı ya da vekili, başkanın izni ile sanığa soru sorabilir.

Yüce Divan üyeleri
Yüce Divan üyeleri aynı zamanda Anayasa Mahkemesi'nin üyeleridir. Görev süreleri 12 yıldır. Ayrıca 65 yaşına gelen üyeler -on iki yılı tamamlamamış olsa bile- yaş haddinden emekliye ayrılır.

Ayrıca bakınız
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasa Mahkemesi
 Türkiye Anayasa Mahkemesi başkanları listesi

Kaynakça

Yüce Divan


Die English Table Tennis Association ist die Spitzenorganisation des englischen Tischtennissports.

Geschichte
Vorläufer des ETTA waren die beiden Verbände The Table Tennis Association, welche am 12. Dezember 1901 gegründet wurde, sowie The Ping Pong Association, die am 16. Dezember 1901 entstand. Diese schlossen sich am 1. Mai 1903 unter dem Namen The Table Tennis Association zusammen. Da in diesen Jahren in England das Interesse am Tischtennissport zurückging, löste sich der Verband 1904 wieder auf.

1922 wurde der Verband neu gegründet und am 24. April 1927 umbenannt in The English Table Tennis Association (ETTA), den Vorsitz übernahm Ivor Montagu (1927–1931 und 1958–1966). 1927 wurde der ETTA Mitglied im Weltverband ITTF.

Der erste Länderkampf fand am 9. März 1923 in London statt. In der Besetzung G.J. Ross (Reservespieler), T. Hollingworth, G.W. Decker, Percival Bromfield, E. Tapper, R.H. Berry (Reservespieler), G. Belston, A.F. Carris, J. W. Swann und E. Woods besiegte die Herrenmannschaft Wales mit 52:12.

Einige Präsidenten
 1931–1953: Harold Oldroyd (* ca. 1876; † 8. April 1953)
 1967–1970: Thomas Austin Harrison (* ca. 1891; † 8. März 1970)
 1970–1973: Bill Vint (* 1906; † 7. Januar 1993)
 1973–1988: Maurice Goldstein (* ca. 1911; † 1. Mai 1988)
 1988–2011: Johnny Leach
 2011–2012: Keith Ponting († 20. Juni 2012)
 aktuell (2023): Sandra Deaton

Siehe auch
 Englische Tischtennis-Meisterschaft
 English Open (Tischtennis)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Homepage der English Table Tennis Association (abgerufen am 6. April 2023)
 Geschichte (engl.) (abgerufen am 6. April 2023)
 Table Tennis News online (1935-2010) (abgerufen am 4. Oktober 2018)

Tischtennisverband
Tischtennis
Sport (England)
Tischtennis (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Organisation (England)
Sportverband (Vereinigtes Königreich)

English Table Tennis Association


José Miguel Castillo Calvín (n. Granada, 27 de julio de 1966), es Doctor en Derecho, Abogado y Académico Correspondiente de la Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación de España

Biografía
José Miguel Castillo Calvín es Doctor en Derecho por la Universidad de Alcalá con la calificación de sobresaliente «cum laude»; abogado en ejercicio; licenciado en Derecho por la Universidad de Granada; licenciado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas por la Universidad Nebrija; diplomado en Alta Dirección de Instituciones Sociales por la escuela de negocios «San Telmo Business School»; Académico Correspondiente de la Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación de España; siendo condecorado por S.M. el Rey Don Felipe VI, a propuesta del Consejo de Ministros, con la Gran Cruz de la Orden de San Raimundo de Peñafort (BOE 3 de diciembre de 2016), siendo ésta la más prestigiosa distinción del mundo jurídico.

Su experiencia profesional se inicia en 1989, al integrarse en el departamento jurídico de la Empresa de Consultoría y Auditoría Coopers & Lybrand. Desde 1993 es miembro del Ilustre Colegio de Abogados de Granada. Ese mismo año puso en marcha la firma profesional «Castillo-Calvín Abogados» en la que actualmente viene desempeñando su labor profesional. De 2000 a 2011, se integra como socio fundador en el bufete internacional de abogados Calvín & Warny Avocats con sede en Bruselas (Bélgica). En la actualidad es el director de la asesoría jurídica de importantes corporaciones y colegios profesionales de ámbito nacional, prestando también asesoramiento a particulares, empresas, fundaciones y asociaciones.

Su firma es requerida con frecuencia por editoriales especializadas. Cabe destacar, entre otras, las siguientes publicaciones: Repertorio de consideraciones sobre responsabilidad civil médica y hospitalaria, en la «Revista Jurídica Española de Doctrina, Jurisprudencia y Bibliografía» (2001) y en la «Revista de Responsabilidad Civil y Seguros» (2002), ambas de la Editorial La Ley. Análisis de los derechos en materia sanitaria de los inmigrantes no comunitarios del libro «Inmigración y Salud», editado por Cruz Roja Española, en 2003. Responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración: Conflictos de competencia y acceso a la casación, en la «Revista de Responsabilidad Civil y Seguros», de Editorial La Ley (2007). Es coautor de la obra Ley de Contratos de las Administraciones Públicas. Estudios y comentarios, editado por Comares en 1995; del Manual Práctico de Responsabilidad de la Profesión Médica, editado por Comares en 2011; de la monografía La Elaboración de las leyes penales en España, editado por Tirant lo Blanch en 2021; y de la Monografía «El Derecho y la Inteligencia Artificial», editado por la Universidad de Granada en 2022.

Reconocido jurista a nivel nacional en la especialidad de responsabilidad civil, concretamente de derecho sanitario, así como en materia de protección de Derechos Fundamentales, ha conseguido relevantes sentencias ante el Tribunal Constitucional. Entre otras destacan la STC 145/2015, de 25 de junio, donde consigue, por vez primera en nuestro país, que se reconozca a los farmacéuticos el derecho a la Objeción de Conciencia; así como la STC 141/2012, de 2 de julio, que, como señala en Defensor del Pueblo «constituye el primer recurso de amparo en el que se enjuicia desde la óptica del derecho fundamental a la libertad personal un caso de internamiento psiquiátrico urgente». Además, viene realizando una intensa y exitosa actividad como abogado ante el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos.

Viene impartiendo cursos y es ponente habitual en numerosos congresos organizados por distintas universidades españolas, colegios profesionales, fundaciones y organismos públicos, habiendo participado como docente en el programa de Formación Continua de la Carrera Judicial del año 2022 (CGPJ).

Merece destacar de su trayectoria que fue elegido Diputado a Cortes por Granada en el periodo 2011-2015. Durante el desempeño de su actividad parlamentaria durante la  XLegislatura, ocupó el cargo de Portavoz en la Comisión de Justicia del Congreso de los Diputados por el Grupo Parlamentario Popular, lo que le permitió desarrollar una amplia e intensa actividad legislativa, siendo ponente en numerosos y destacados proyectos de ley, como el de mediación en asuntos civiles y mercantiles, reforma administrativa de la Administración de Justicia y del Registro Civil, Consejo General del Poder Judicial, Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial, Código Penal, entre otros muchos, así como en importantes iniciativas legislativas, como el Pacto de Estado contra el terrorismo yihadista. Entre sus numerosas propuestas de reforma legislativa, destaca la presentada a la Ley de modificación del sistema de protección a la infancia y adolescencia, que ha permitido que, en la actualidad, los menores hijos de víctimas de violencia de género puedan cobrar la pensión completa de orfandad. Esta modificación se conoce como "Enmienda Castillo", en reconocimiento a su labor.

Referencias

Abogados de Andalucía
Economistas de España del siglo XXI
Diputados de la X Legislatura de España
Grandes cruces de la Orden de San Raimundo de Peñafort

José Miguel Castillo


Die Estoril Open 2011 waren ein Tennisturnier der WTA Tour 2011 für Damen sowie ein Tennisturnier der ATP World Tour 2011 für Herren, das zur gleichen Zeit vom 23. April bis 1. Mai 2011 in Oeiras stattfand.

Herrenturnier

→ Qualifikation: Estoril Open 2011/Herren/Qualifikation

Damenturnier

→ Qualifikation: Estoril Open 2011/Damen/Qualifikation

Weblinks
 Offizielle Homepage des Turniers

Turnier der WTA Tour 2011
Turnier der ATP World Tour 2011
Tennisturnier in Oeiras

Estoril Open 2011


Robert Vaughn Young (April 23, 1938 – June 15, 2003) commonly known by his initials RVY, was an American whistleblower against the Church of Scientology after working high inside their organization for over twenty years.

In Scientology

Young had been a national spokesman for the Church of Scientology. Of his years with the organization, Young said:

Young edited L. Ron Hubbard's ten-volume Mission Earth series. Young said that Hubbard had written the main text of the series, but that he had ghostwritten the introduction of each volume, as well as other writings in Hubbard's name.

In 1989, Young was removed from his job as head of worldwide public relations for the Church of Scientology and sent to the RPF — Rehabilitation Project Force — Scientology's manual labor re-education camp.

After leaving

After leaving the Church of Scientology in 1989, Young became prominent as an expert in court cases regarding Scientology such as CSI v. Fishman and Geertz, BPI v. FACTNet, the Lisa McPherson civil trial, cited by the press, and as an Internet-based critic of the organization.

David Miscavige had sent Mike Rinder and Mike Sutter to Seattle to try to silence Vaughn Young and his then-wife Stacey by "making peace" with them. They had almost clinched a deal when Miscavige ordered them to change the terms. That derailed the negotiations and the couple continued to be a thorn in Scientology's side for many years. Other harassments by the Church came to the attention of Bob Minton, a wealthy financier who was interested in free speech on the internet. He took up the couple's cause and paid to relocate them to a house outside of Seattle. Through his contact with the Youngs, Minton learned more about Scientology and eventually founded the Lisa McPherson Trust with Stacey.

Young was diagnosed with prostate cancer on November 23, 1999, and turned his energies to Phoenix5, a non-profit organization that runs a website on the disease. He died on June 15, 2003.

Books

References

External links
 Robert Vaughn Young writings (Factnet)

1938 births
2003 deaths
American whistleblowers
Critics of Scientology
Deaths from prostate cancer
American former Scientologists

Robert Vaughn Young


Renascença es un municipio brasileño del estado de Paraná. Se localiza a una latitud 26º09'29" sur y a una longitud 52º58'08" oeste, estando a una altitud de 688 metros. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 6.658 habitantes.

Posee un área de 446,11 km².

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Paraná

Renascença (Paraná)


La diócesis de Oakland ( y ) es una circunscripción eclesiástica de la Iglesia católica en Estados Unidos. Se trata de una diócesis latina, sufragánea de la arquidiócesis de San Francisco. Desde el 3 de mayo de 2013 su obispo es Michael Charles Barber, de la Compañía de Jesús.

Territorio y organización

La diócesis tiene 3798 km² y extiende su jurisdicción sobre los fieles católicos de rito latino residentes en el estado de California en los condados de: Alameda y Contra Costa.

La sede de la diócesis se encuentra en la ciudad de Oakland, en donde se halla la Catedral de Cristo de la Luz, que fue consagrada en 2008. La excatedral de San Francisco de Sales en Oakland fue destruida por un terremoto en 1989.

En 2021 en la diócesis existían 82 parroquias.

Historia
La diócesis fue erigida el 13 de enero de 1962 con la bula Ineunte vere del papa Juan XXIII, obteniendo el territorio de la arquidiócesis de San Francisco.

El 4 de julio de 1962, con la carta apostólica Ex opportuno, el papa Juan XXIII proclamó a la Santísima Virgen María Reina del Mundo como patrona principal de la diócesis.

El 21 de junio de 2008 la catedral se trasladó a la nueva iglesia de Cristo de la Luz en virtud del decreto Ut spirituali de la Congregación para los Obispos. La catedral anterior, dedicada a San Francisco de Sales, fue destruida durante el terremoto de Loma Prieta de 1989.

La diócesis sufrió de casos de abuso sexual cometidos por miembros de la Iglesia católica presentados por los feligreses en contra de sus sacerdotes. De 1994 a 2009, la diócesis pagó $ 60.5 millones de dólares a las víctimas de abuso sexual, el más grande los pagos fue realizados entre 2004 y 2005.

Estadísticas
Según el Anuario Pontificio 2022 la diócesis tenía a fines de 2021 un total de 581 390 fieles bautizados.

|- align="right"
| 1962 || 329 040 || 1 314 700 || 25.0 || 285 || 148 || 137 || 1154 ||  || 170 || 736 || 87
|- align="right"
| 1970 || 342 000 || 1 710 000 || 20.0 || 193 || 181 || 12 || 1772 ||  ||  ||  || 82
|- align="right"
| 1976 || 345 965 || 1 724 829 || 20.1 || 355 || 155 || 200 || 974 ||  || 532 || 662 || 84
|- align="right"
| 1980 || 390 099 || 1 718 500 || 22.7 || 393 || 164 || 229 || 992 || 30 || 577 || 607 || 87
|- align="right"
| 1990 || 423 037 || 1 909 875 || 22.1 || 324 || 155 || 169 || 1305 || 58 || 390 || 458 || 90
|- align="right"
| 1999 || 496 122 || 2 255 100 || 22.0 || 267 || 167 || 100 || 1858 || 76 || 20 || 320 || 89
|- align="right"
| 2000 || 510 175 || 2 318 522 || 22.0 || 285 || 187 || 98 || 1790 || 78 || 247 || 258 || 89
|- align="right"
| 2001 || 429 477 || 2 348 723 || 18.3 || 289 || 199 || 90 || 1486 || 90 || 232 || 325 || 89
|- align="right"
| 2002 || 429 477 || 2 348 723 || 18.3 || 313 || 203 || 110 || 1372 || 99 || 218 || 340 || 87
|- align="right"
| 2003 || 432 890 || 2 433 952 || 17.8 || 286 || 187 || 99 || 1513 || 92 || 229 || 354 || 87
|- align="right"
| 2004 || 527 566 || 2 453 766 || 21.5 || 357 || 211 || 146 || 1477 || 109 || 309 || 399 || 87
|- align="right"
| 2006 || 529 841 || 2 464 379 || 21.5 || 277 || 177 || 100 || 1912 || 102 || 295 || 460 || 86
|- align="right"
| 2011 || 555 000 || 2 589 322 || 21.4 || 374 || 187 || 187 || 1483 || 108 || 944 || ? || 84
|- align="right"
| 2013 || 563 000 || 2 625 000 || 21.4 || 355 || 180 || 175 || 1585 || 101 || 523 || 342 || 83
|- align="right"
| 2016 || 575 029 || 2 895 761 || 19.9 || 364 || 183 || 181 || 1579 || 110 || 372 || 332 || 82
|- align="right"
| 2019 || 575 500 || 2 896 939 || 19.9 || 353 || 173 || 180 || 1630 || 103 || 365 || 372 || 82
|- align="right"
| 2021 || 581 390 || 2 926 535 || 19.9 || 378 || 194 || 184 || 1538 || 122 || 384 || 285 || 82
|- align="right"
|colspan=12 |<small>Fuente: Catholic-Hierarchy, que a su vez toma los datos del Anuario Pontificio.
|}

Episcopologio
 Floyd Lawrence Begin † (27 de enero de 1962-26 de abril de 1977 falleció)
 John Stephen Cummins (3 de mayo de 1977-1 de octubre de 2003 retirado)
 Allen Henry Vigneron (1 de octubre de 2003 por sucesión-5 de enero de 2009 nombrado arzobispo de Detroit)
 Salvatore Joseph Cordileone (23 de marzo de 2009-27 de julio de 2012 nombrado arzobispo de San Francisco)
 Michael Charles Barber, S.I., desde el 3 de mayo de 2013

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 (en inglés) Ficha de la diócesis en www.gcatholic.org
 (en inglés) Cathedral of Christ the Light

Diócesis de Oakland


Ahmet Arı (* 13. Januar 1989 in Batman) ist ein türkischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere

Verein
Ahmet Arı begann mit dem Vereinsfußball mit vierzehn Jahren in der Jugend seines Heimatvereins Batman Petrolspor. Im Winter 2005 erhielt er von seinem Verein einen Profi-Vertrag, wurde in den Kader der Reservemannschaft aufgenommen und spielte drei Jahre lang ausschließlich für diese. Ab der Saison 2006/07 bekam er die Möglichkeit, auch bei der Profi-Mannschaft mitzutrainieren. Er wurde in der Spielzeit 2006/07 Torschützenkönig der Liga der Reservemannschaften. In einigen Profi-Spielen wurde er sogar als Reservespieler in den Mannschaftskader übernommen und regelmäßig eingewechselt.

Um ihm Spielpraxis in einer Profi-Liga zu ermöglichen, lieh man ihn in der Winterpause der Saison 2007/08 an den Zweitligisten Gaziantep Büyükşehir Belediyespor aus. Hier wurde er auf Anhieb Stammspieler und kam auf 13 Ligaeinsätze.

In der Saison 2008/09 kehrte er zu Gaziantepspor zurück und spielte zwei Spielzeiten lang ausschließlich für das Profi-Team. Gaziantepspor einigte sich zur neuen Spielzeit 2010/11 mit dem Trainer Tolunay Kafkas. Dieser setzte Arı sporadisch im Profi-Team ein und ließ ihn meistens für die Reservemannschaft auflaufen. Daraufhin äußerte Arı den Wunsch, den Verein verlassen zu wollen.

Bursaspor hatte ein ähnliches Problem mit seinem Spieler Muhammet Demir. Daraufhin wurden beide Spieler gegeneinander getauscht. Bei Bursaspor gelang ihm bisher der Durchbruch nicht und er hat die Rolle eines Reservespielers inne.

Zur Saison 2012/13 wurde er zusammen mit seinem Mannschaftskollegen Mehmet Sak an den Zweitligisten Samsunspor ausgeliehen.

Eine Saison später wechselte Arı zusammen mit seinem Mannschaftskollegen Barış Örücü aus Bursaspor nach Denizlispor. Beide unterschrieben für zwei Jahre. Doch bereits in der Winterpause verließ Arı den Verein in Richtung Karşıyaka SK. Obwohl er ein Angebot vom Erstligisten MP Antalyaspor erhalten hatte, entschied er sich für den Zweitligisten Karşıyaka SK. Dort trainiert er unter Yusuf Şimşek, den er bereits von Denizlispor kannte.

Zur Saison 2015/16 wechselte er zum Ligakonkurrenten Şanlıurfaspor. Nach einer halben Saison zog er zum Zweitligisten Altınordu Izmir weiter. In der Sommertransferperiode wechselte er innerhalb der Stadt Izmir zum Drittligisten Menemen Belediyespor. In den nachfolgenden Jahren folgten Stationen bei Sivas Belediyespor, Bayrampaşaspor, Tokatspor, Diyarbekirspor und Mardin Fosfatspor. Seit Februar 2021 steht Arı bei Ceyhanspor unter Vertrag.

Nationalmannschaft
Arı fing früh an, für die türkischen Juniorennationalmannschaften aufzulaufen. Er durchlief über die Jahre die meisten Juniorennationalmannschaften.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (Altınordu Izmir)
Fußballspieler (Bayrampaşaspor)
Fußballspieler (Bursaspor)
Fußballspieler (Ceyhanspor)
Fußballspieler (Denizlispor)
Fußballspieler (Diyarbekirspor)
Fußballspieler (Gaziantepspor)
Fußballspieler (Karşıyaka SK)
Fußballspieler (Menemen Belediyespor)
Fußballspieler (Samsunspor)
Fußballspieler (Şanlıurfaspor)
Fußballspieler (Sivas Belediyespor)
Fußballspieler (Tokatspor)
Person (Batman)
Geboren 1989
Türke
Mann
Fußballspieler (Gaziantep FK)

Ahmet Arı


Anamorphosée is the fourth studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on 17 October 1995. Led by the number-one single "XXL", the album was something of a departure from her previous work. Although it received mixed reviews from critics, the album was very successful, peaking at no.1 and staying on the French album chart for almost two years.

Background and writing
The movie Giorgino, produced by Laurent Boutonnat and in which Mylène Farmer starred, was both a critical and financial failure. Released on 5 October 1994, it was seen by barely 25,000 spectators in the first week and was the first setback in Farmer's career. As a result, the musical duo separated on bad terms, Boutonnat making Farmer responsible for this failure. The singer decided to go to Los Angeles, California, where she fell into anonymity and changed hairstyle (she became blond with long hair). There she composed a new album, drawing inspiration from a Sogyal Rinpoche's book, Le Livre tibétain de la Vie et de la Mort. The singer's perception of life changed through her travels, and she confided in an interview that she was no longer afraid of death; so, she was more optimistic. Finally, she called Boutonnat who joined her in Los Angeles for the recording.

Jeff Dahlgren, who performed the role of Giorgio Volli in Giorgino, had a great influence in the early composition of this album and was part of the musical team involved in preparing it. Boutonnat later came and the three finished the project. The album was recorded in the A&M studios and Record One in Los Angeles, and Boutonnat, who oversaw the production, chose the best American musicians at the time. Bertrand Châtenet, who had previously worked with Vanessa Paradis, was selected to mix the album.

Lyrics and music
The album's title, "Anamorphosée" is a neologism in French-language (the noun exists, but not the past participle of the anamorphoser (denominative verb from anamorphose + -er infinitive suffix)). The Hachette dictionary defines "anamorphose" as an "image of an object, distorted by certain optical devices (cylindrical mirrors, for example)." That word thus refers to the new music style of the singer.

This album represents a departure from her previous work, in that the music is much more rock oriented. Five of the twelve tracks are ballads with melancholy text punctuated by American R&B-inspired arrangements. The lyrics are easier to understand and less cryptic than her previous albums. Although some themes dear to the artist are addressed in Anamorphosée, sadness and pain are much less present in this album which is more about the spirituality (Buddhism).

For the first time, Farmer wrote a song completely by herself, "Tomber 7 fois..."

Critical reception

The album was sometimes well received in media that have mainly noted the change in musical style. For example: "Farmer has moved away from the images that she stuck to the skin just to keep a sensuality remained intact" (Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace). The singer "has abandoned her eternal pessimism: the Mylène of 2000 is arrived, turned towards humanity with a big H and spirituality, via Lao Tzeu" (Double Face). "It is a shift announced by the new disc" (La Dernière Heure). With this album, "Farmer excels but against the current". "The tonic music have a hope in its infancy, words less drawn by the taste of nothing" (Télérama). "Anamorphosée has filled all hopes" (Vamp Canada). "The production is, as always, impeccable" (Platine).

However, some musical critics were very virulent to this album. For example, Le Monde stated that "the diversion of melodies from the band Nirvana makes hesitate between indignation and open laughs", while L'Evènement du jeudi concluded its article saying it should better "to avoid" this album.

A Victoire de la Musique was awarded to this album, which was regarded as the French album the most exported in 1996.

Commercial performance
The album went straight to #2 on French Album Chart on 15 October 1995, behind Céline Dion's D'eux. It stayed at this place on the following chart edition, before dropping. However, it re-reached the #2 in its 13th week and for four other non-consecutive weeks. Surprisingly, the album became number one for two weeks on 18 and 25 January 1997, about one year and a half after its release. It remained on the Top ten for 34 weeks and on the chart (Top 50) for a total of 77 weeks. The album was also charted for four weeks on the Top Mid'Price, from 20 March to 10 April 2005, because it was re-released in a digipack version by Polydor. The album was certified Double platinum disc by the SNEP in 1996, then diamond in 2009.

In Belgium Wallonia, the album was charted for 71 weeks, from 4 November 1995 to 12 April 1997. It peaked at number two in its three first weeks, but was unable to reach number one (the chart was topped then by Céline Dion's D'eux); it appeared for 25 weeks in the top ten.

In Switzerland, the album entered the chart at #25, its highest position, on 12 November 1995, before dropping. It left the chart after its sixth week.

Track listing
All tracks written by Mylène Farmer and produced by Laurent Boutonnat.

Personnel

 Fred Attal – programming
 Laurent Boutonnat – arranger, clavier,   keyboards, producer
 Bertrand Châtenet – mixing
 Jeff Dahlgren – guitar
 Pol Ramirez del Piu – flute
 Mylène Farmer – vocals
 Denny Fongheiser – drums
 Bernie Grundman – mastering
 Abraham Laboriel, Sr. – bass
 Kate Markowitz – background vocals
 Chad Munsey – engineer, sound recording
 Henry Neu – design
 André Perriat – mastering
 Herb Ritts – photography
 Thierry Rogen – engineer, mixing, sound recording
 Larry Schalit – assistant, mixing
 Mike Scotella – assistant, mixing
 Paul Van Parys – executive producer
 Ken Villeneuve – assistant, mixing
 Shelly Yakus – engineer, sound recording

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

Formats
 CD – Crystal case
 CD – Digipack
 Casket – Format : 12" – Numbered – Limited edition (5,000)
 Promotional casket – Format : 12"
 12"
 Cassette
 CD – Japan1
 CD – Taïwan

1 + "Alice" (new mix), "XXL" (extra large remix)

References

1995 albums
Mylène Farmer albums
Polydor Records albums

Anamorphosée


පොදු නම්: පහතරට මූකලන් තෙලිස්සා; Lowlands hump-nosed pit viper.Hypnale zara යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට ආවේණික විෂැති තෙලිස්සන් විශේෂයකි. මෙම විශේෂය විවිධ වර්ණවලින් යුත් සිරුර සහ අඩුවෙන් ඉහළට නැවුණු හොඹුව හේතුවෙන් Hypnale nepa''ගෙන් වෙන්කර හඳුනාගත හැක. මෙතෙක් මෙහි කිසිදු උපවිශේෂයක් හඳුනාගෙන නැත.

ව්‍යාප්තිය
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නිරිතදිග තෙත් කලාපයේ පාදක කඳුවල පහතරට වැසි වනාන්තරවල සිට සිට මධ්‍ය උස්බිම් දක්වා හමුවේ.

පරිසරය
නිශාචර සර්පයෙකි.

විස්තරය
ගැටිති වැනි නෙරීම්වලින් ඇතිවන කුඩා කොරපොතු 10-19ක් පමණ හොඹුවේ අයිනේ දැකගත හැක. අන්තර්නාසා සිහ පූර්වලලාට පෙදෙස දක්වා විෂමජාතීය කුඩා කොරපොතු 18-39 පමණ දැකගත හැක. ඇසවටා කොරළ 6කි. තොල්වලට ඉහළින් 7-8කි. ඇලපතෙහි නෞතලාකාර කොරල ඇත. උදරීයව කොරපොතු 134-157 පමණ සංඛ්‍යාවක් හමුවේ. උපපෞච්ඡ පෙදෙසේ 34-51 පමණ පැවතිය හැක.

පෘෂ්ඨයේ වර්ණය කහපැහැ දුඹුරු සිට අඳුරු දුඹුරු පැහැය දක්වා විචලනය විය හැක. ඇතැම්විට තද රතු පැහැති ය. අර්ධ-ඕවලාකාර හෝ අර්ධ-ත්‍රිකෝණාකාර පැල්ලම් පේළි දෙකක් කශේරුක ප්‍ර‍දේශයේ දී මුණගැසේ. ඇස සහ කොපුල හරහා අඳුරු රේඛාවක් විහිදේ. බඳ පෘෂ්ඨීය පෙදෙසට වඩා ලා පැහැති ය. ඇතැම්විට දීප්තිමත් අළු පැහැ විය හැක.

ප්‍රජනනය
අණ්ඩුජලාබුජ ය.

මේවාත් බලන්න
 ක්‍රොටැලයින් විශේෂ සහ උපවිශේෂ ලැයිස්තුව

 දර්ප දෂ්ටනය

ආශ්‍රේයයන්
 http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/13207836

බාහිර සබැඳි
 http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Hypnale&species=zara
 http://apjtm.net/admin/picture/UploadFile/20111231153236944.pdf

 http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?enlarge=0000+0000+1011+1564
 http://biodiversityofsrilanka.blogspot.com/2014/05/lowland-hump-nosed-pit-viperpahatharata.html

Hypnale
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ උරගයින්

පහතරට මූකලන් තෙලිස්සා