Hontianske Tesáre este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Krupina din regiunea Banská Bystrica. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 922 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Hontianske Tesáre este atestată documentar din 1279.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Hontianske Tesáre


Kutter may refer to:

People
Notable people with this surname include:
 Anton Kutter (1903–1985), German film director and inventor
 Édouard Kutter Jr. (born 1934), photographer from Luxembourg
 Édouard Kutter Sr. (1887–1978), photographer from Luxembourg
 Eneli Kutter (born 1991), Estonian footballer
 Friedrich Kutter (1834–1891), German physician and ornithologist
 Hermann Kutter (1863–1931), Swiss Lutheran theologian
 Joseph Kutter (1894–1941), painter from Luxembourg
 Paul Kutter (1863–1937), Swiss-Luxembourgian photographer

Notable people with this given name include:
 Kutter Crawford (born 1996), American baseball player

Other uses
 Keen Kutter, a trade name first used by Simmons Hardware Company of St. Louis, Missouri in 1866
 Keen Kutter Building, in Wichita, Kansas
 Krud Kutter, a trade name now owned by Rust-Oleum

See also
 Cutter (disambiguation)
 Kotter (disambiguation)

Kutter


Laura Marie Marano (Los Ángeles, 29 de noviembre de 1995) es una actriz, cantante y compositora estadounidense, conocida por protagonizar la serie juvenil de Disney Channel, Austin & Ally, interpretando a Ally Dawson, por el cual la llevó a ganar premios en los Kids' Choice Awards, y en los Teen Choice Awards como Actriz de TV Favorita durante los años que se emitió la serie. Como actriz de cine es conocida por sus papeles en la película original de Disney Channel Bad Hair Day (2015), Lady Bird (2017) y la comedia romántica original de Netflix, La cita perfecta (2019), por la cual ganó el Teen Choice Awards a Actriz de Comedia Favorita.

A principios de 2015 comenzó su carrera como cantante solista con Big Machine Records, con sus primeros sencillos «Boombox» y «La La». En 2018 estrenó su primer sencillo como artista independiente, «Me», el cual formaría parte de su primer EP, del mismo nombre, estrenado en 2019.

Además de sus trabajos como artista, es embajadora de UNICEF.

Biografía
Laura Marano nació en Los Ángeles, California. La actriz es de ascendencia italiana por parte de su padre e irlandesa-estadounidense de su madre. Es hija de Damiano Marano, un profesor universitario, y de Ellen Marano, una exactriz y dueña de Agoura Children's Theatre. Ella tiene una hermana mayor, Vanessa Marano, también actriz, conocida sobre todo por el papel protagonista como Bay Kennish en la serie de Freeform Switched at Birth.

Mientras filmaba la serie original de Disney Channel Austin & Ally, asistía a una escuela secundaria regular, en la que se graduó en 2014: «Voy a una escuela secundaria y por parte de mis amigos y todos ha habido un gran apoyo [...] Es bueno cuando no estoy trabajando para ir a la escuela y estar rodeado de amigos que realmente apoyan». Esperaba poder ir a la universidad y estudiar ciencias políticas, es posible que haya ido UCLA en otoño.

El 28 de marzo de 2015, Marano dio a conocer que firmó un contrato discográfico con la compañía discográfica independiente Big Machine Records., con ella solamente dos sencillos y rompió el contrato en diciembre del 2016 debido a que la mencionada discográfica decidió eliminar a los artistas de música pop de su compañía. Debido a esto, el álbum en el que Marano trabajó durante todo el 2015 nunca salió a la venta.

Laura fue elegida por la marca Sherri Hill como nueva imagen de la nueva colección de vestidos de moda 2016, en donde podemos ver que lleva modelos de vestidos pero también de trajes de dos piezas de falda con crop tops. Ella le sigue los pasos a otras artistas que han sido imagen de la marca como Ashley Benson, Bella Thorne y Kendall Jenner; donde ha asombrado a más de uno con su peculiar belleza.

Empezó su propio programa de radio, For The Record, en Radio Disney; ella que habla de los detalles de la realización de su primer álbum solista. La primera transmisión fue el 12 de febrero de 2016 únicamente en Estados Unidos.

Carrera

2003-2010: Sin rastro y Back to You
Comenzó su carrera como actriz cuando tenía cinco años de edad. Desde entonces, ha trabajado para muchas producciones ella Stage Door Theater. Apareció en varios comerciales y cuenta con pequeños papeles en Ghost Whisperer, Medical Investigation, Huff y Joan de Arcadia. Sus papeles más importantes en televisión han sido en Sin rastro y otras series. También ha sido escuchada en películas de animación como Buscando a Nemo y Ice Age: The Meltdown. Desempeñó la versión joven del personaje de Keira Knightley en la película The Jacket, y tenía un pequeño papel en una escena de la película Superbad. Fue parte del reparto regular en el programa de FOX, Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? y desempeñó el papel de Gracie Carr en la comedia de FOX Back to You.

Desde entonces ha aparecido en varios episodios de The Sarah Silverman Program. Inicialmente, apareciendo en el episodio piloto, «Batteries», como la versión joven de Sarah Silverman, y a los escritores le gustó tanto que la llevaron de vuelta para un papel más importante como una niña a la que Sarah entrena para ganar un concurso de belleza («Not Without My Daughter»). En los comentarios del DVD, la coestrella Brian Posehn señala que Marano conocía todas las líneas mejor que ella. También ha aparecido en Dexter como la versión joven de Debra Morgan. También ha interpretado la versión joven de un personaje interpretado por Diana Scarwid, Alice Shaw, hermana de Ángela Petrelli, en Héroes.

2011–2016: Austin & Ally y For the Record con Laura Marano
En 2011, Marano interpretó el papel de Ally Dawson en la serie original de Disney Channel, Austin & Ally. En 2013, Marano grabó cuatro canciones en solitario y un dúo con Ross Lynch para el álbum de la banda sonora Austin & Ally: Turn It Up . «Me and You» debutó dentro del cuadro de Billboard Kid Digital Songs de los Estados Unidos en el número trece antes de subir al sexto puesto, pasando once semanas en el cuadro. «Redial» debutó en el número diecinueve antes de llegar al número dieciocho, pasando cuatro semanas en la tabla. También en 2013, Marano grabó un dueto con su coestrella de Austin & Ally Ross Lynch, titulada «I Love Christmas» para el tercer álbum recopilatorio de vacaciones de Disney Channel, Holidays Unwrapped. El 25 de noviembre de 2013, la canción fue lanzada como sencillo promocional. [17] El 14 de diciembre, «I Love Christmas» debutó dentro de la lista de canciones digitales de Billboard de las fiestas en los Estados Unidos, alcanzando el número cincuenta. Marano canta, baila y escribe canciones. Ella espera actuar en musicales en vivo en el futuro.

En 2014, Marano dio voz a Rachel en cuatro episodios de Randy Cunningham: Ninja total. Ella también apareció como Hammu en Pecezuelos y como Fangs en Liv y Maddie. También en 2014, ella apareció en un video musical producido para el grupo de pop-rock británico The Vamps y la cantante estadounidense Demi Lovato llamado "Somebody To You». En marzo de 2015, Marano declaró que había firmado un contrato discográfico con Big Machine Records de Universal. En ese mismo año, Marano protagonizó la película original de Disney Channel, Un día descabellado. La película se estrenó el 6 de febrero de 2015 en Disney Channel y tuvo su estreno en Estados Unidos el 13 de febrero. También actuó como la versión joven de Amy en A Sort of Homecoming, que cuenta la historia de una chica que regresa a su ciudad natal en Luisiana luego de finalizar su carrera en la ciudad de Nueva York, esto a petición de su entrenador de debate de la escuela secundaria. En flashbacks, ella recuerda su último año y la política que rodea las competiciones de debate. El 10 de enero de 2016, Austin y Ally terminó después de cuatro temporadas.

El 13 de enero de 2016, Marano debutó su propio programa de radio en Radio Disney titulado For the Record con Laura Marano. Su programa semanal de una hora narra el viaje de Marano cuando inicia su carrera musical, presentando entrevistas con una estrella invitada en cada episodio. El programa también brinda a los oyentes consejos sobre cómo se puede seguir una carrera en la música. El espectáculo ha presentado varias estrellas invitadas, incluyendo Nick Jonas, Ariana Grande, Meghan Trainor, Louis Tomlinson junto a Steve Aoki, Troye Sivan y Zendaya. El primer episodio de la serie, que se transmitió el 12 de enero de 2016, la invitada protagonizó a sus compañeros de reparto de Austin & Ally.

2016-presente: Actuación y música
El 11 de marzo de 2016, Marano lanzó su sencillo debut llamado «Boombox». El video musical del sencillo se lanzó el 4 de abril de 2016 y acumuló más de 6 millones de visitas en una semana. El video actualmente tiene más de 50 millones de visitas. Fue invitado el actor y comediante Ken Jeong, junto con su hija Zooey, y fue dirigido por Cole Walliser. El 30 de abril de 2016, Marano interpretó su sencillo en los Radio Disney Music Awards, que se emitió en Disney Channel el 1 de mayo. Marano también interpretó la canción en Today como Artist of the Month de Elvis Duran el 31 de mayo de 2016.

El 7 de junio de 2016, Jeremy Zag publicó en su Instagram que Marano había grabado una canción para la serie animada de Disney Channel Miraculous: Las Aventuras de Ladybug. Lo cual fue confirmado posteriormente por su madre. La canción junto con el video musical fueron lanzados el 23 de julio de 2016.

Marano lanzó su segundo sencillo, «La La», el 25 de agosto de 2016. A finales de 2016, Big Machine Records tomó la decisión de abandonar a todos sus artistas pop, a excepción de Taylor Swift. El 18 de mayo de 2017, se anunció que había firmado Marano a Warner Bros. Records en 2017. En 2018, se separaron, porque las personas que la habían firmado dejaron Warner Bros.

El 1 de octubre de 2018, Laura anunció en un video de Preguntas y Respuestas publicado en su canal de YouTube que lanzaría nueva música como artista independiente. Llamó a su propia etiqueta, Flip Phone Records, ya que es conocida por no poseer un teléfono inteligente y seguir usando un teléfono plegable. El 5 de octubre de 2018, lanzó su sencillo «Me». En enero de 2019, lanzó el siguiente sencillo «Let Me Cry» junto con su video musical. En febrero de 2019, Laura Marano actuó en ella Teatro Roxy en Los Ángeles y lanzó el sencillo «F.E.O.U (Fuck Each Other Up)». El 8 de marzo de 2019, lanzó su EP debut Me, con dos canciones inéditas y un nuevo remix para «F.E.O.U».

Filantropía

Disney's Friends for Change
Marano es embajadora del proyecto de Disney's Friends for Change, Green your scene, junto a Ross Lynch con quien tiene una relación muy cercana. En este proyecto Disney trabaja conjuntamente con la organización sin fines de lucro TreePeople, inspirando a la conservación y creación de espacios verdes en la San Pedro Elementary School de Los Ángeles. Laura y Ross junto a los estudiantes y los voluntarios de Disney, ayudaron a plantar 350 árboles y jardines educativos como parte de la subvención que hizo de Disney de 100.000 dólares, para ayudar a los jardines verdes de las escuelas y proveer a más de 20.000 estudiantes de Los Ángeles con el conocimiento de que necesitan hacer lo mismo en su ambiente.

Trabajo con UNICEF
En agosto de 2013, Marano fue nombrada embajadora del Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF de UNICEF, que anima a los niños a recaudar dinero en Halloween para ayudar a niños de todo el mundo. Acerca de la campaña, Laura dijo: «Estoy tan emocionada de celebrar Halloween este año, alentando a los niños a apoyar el trabajo de salvar vidas de UNICEF. La campaña Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF es una forma divertida y fácil para que los niños aprendan acerca de los problemas del mundo y para ayudar a otros niños que son menos afortunados».

Campaña Meatless Monday
Marano se ha unido al creciente grupo de jóvenes celebridades que no consumen carne los días lunes. La actriz contribuyó a una sesión de fotos y un vídeo en apoyo a la nueva campaña de la Sociedad Protectora de Animales que apoya Meatless Monday. La campaña, que distribuirá miles de carteles para las escuelas de todo el país, busca difundir la palabra acerca de los muchos beneficios de renunciar a la carne una vez a la semana.
Marano opina sobre Meatless Monday que «es una manera sencilla y eficaz para ayudar a los animales, hacer algo ecologista, reducir el desperdicio de alimentos, y ser más saludables». Ella se une a las filas de estrellas como China McClain, Paul Wesley, Ke$ha, Katy Perry, Bella Thorne, Debby Ryan, Zendaya, Ian Somerhalder, Kristen Bell y Kaley Cuoco.

Imagen multimedia
En 2023, Laura Marano lanzó el tráiler oficial de la película Leo de Thalapathy Vijay en los cines de Norteamérica y el estreno de la película Leo está previsto para el 19 de octubre de 2023.

Filmografía

Cine

Televisión

Radio

Vídeos musicales

Discografía

Álbumes

Álbumes de bandas sonoras

Álbumes como artista principal

Sencillos

Como artista principal

Sencillos promocionales

Apariciones

Giras musicales

 The Us Tour (2022)

 A Good Time with Laura Marano (2023)

Premios y nominaciones

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Italoestadounidenses
Actrices de Estados Unidos del siglo XXI
Actrices de Los Ángeles
Actrices de cine de Estados Unidos
Actrices de televisión de Estados Unidos
Actrices de voz de Estados Unidos
Actrices infantiles de Estados Unidos
Cantantes de California
Cantantes femeninas de pop de Estados Unidos
Cantantes femeninas de Estados Unidos
Compositoras de Estados Unidos
Artistas de Disney
Artistas de Walt Disney Records
Artistas de Big Machine Records
Artistas de Warner Bros. Records
Nacidos en Los Ángeles
Actrices de California
Filántropas de Estados Unidos
Mujeres del siglo XXI
Mujeres pianistas
Mujeres guitarristas
Guitarristas de Estados Unidos
Pianistas de Estados Unidos

Laura Marano


The Highland Connection er det andet studiealbum fra den skotske keltiske rockband Runrig. Det blev udgivet i 1979.

Spor
 "Gamhna Gealla" (White Stirks) - 3:38
 "Màiri" - 2:56
 "What Time" - 2:30
 "Fichead Bliadhna" / "Na Luing air Seòladh" (Twenty Years) - 7:50
 "Loch Lomond" - 5:02
 "Na h-Uain a's t-Earrach" (The Lambs in the Springtime) - 3:38
 "Foghar nan Eilean '78" (Island Autumn '78) - 3:15
 "The Twenty-Five Pounder" - 2:22
 "Going Home" - 3:49
 "Morning Tide" - 4:41
 "Cearcal a' Chuain" (The Ocean Cycle) - 2:47

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 The Highland Connection på Discogs

Runrig-album
Album fra 1979

The Highland Connection


The United Counties of Prescott and Russell  () are consolidated counties located in the Canadian province of Ontario. Its county seat is L'Orignal. It was created as a result of a merger between Russell County and Prescott County in 1820. It is located in Eastern Ontario, in the wedge-shaped area between the Ottawa River and St. Lawrence River, approximately 55 km (35 miles) east of the City of Ottawa.

Geography and nature
According to Statistics Canada, the county has a total area of .

The United Counties are bordered by the Ontario/Quebec border to the east, and the Ottawa River to the north.  It is crossed by the South Nation River that connects the Larose Forest and Alfred Bog. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources has designated the Alfred Bog "a provincially significant wetland and an Area of Natural and Scientific Interest." Species of interest include the palm warbler, northern pitcher-plant, pink lady's-slipper, cottongrass, bog elfin and bog copper butterflies, and ebony boghaunter dragonfly. It also hosts one of the most southerly herds of moose. The bog is open to the public with a 272-metre (297 yard) boardwalk for nature walks.

Subdivisions
Municipalities and townships with major unincorporated communities:
 Township of Alfred and Plantagenet (part of Prescott sub-region)
 Alfred
 Plantagenet
 Municipality of Casselman (part of Russell sub-region)
 Township of Champlain (part of Prescott sub-region)
 L'Orignal
 Vankleek Hill
 City of Clarence-Rockland (part of Russell sub-region)
 Rockland
 Bourget
 Township of East Hawkesbury (part of Prescott sub-region)
 Town of Hawkesbury (part of Prescott sub-region)
 Township of Russell (part of Russell sub-region)
 Embrun
 Russell
 Municipality of The Nation (part of Prescott and Russell sub-regions)
 Limoges
 St. Isidore

Historical townships
 Prescott County
 Alfred (now part of Alfred and Plantagenet)
 Caledonia (now part of The Nation)
 East Hawkesbury (still exists)
 Longueuil (now part of Champlain)
 North Plantagenet (now part of Alfred and Plantagenet)
 South Plantagenet (now part of The Nation)
 West Hawkesbury (now part of Champlain)
 Russell County
 Cambridge (now part of The Nation)
 Clarence (still exists as part of Clarence-Rockland)
 Cumberland (transferred to Carleton County, now part of the City of Ottawa)
 Russell (still exists)

Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the United Counties of Prescott and Russell had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

The median income for a household in the county was $78,748 and the median income for a family is $94,067.  Males had an average income of $44,781 versus $33,240 for females.

Languages
In 2016 French was the sole mother tongue of 63.0% of its residents, and an additional 1.8% reported being natively bilingual in French and English.

Services

Responsibilities of the county government include social services (social assistance, child care, housing), county roads, paramedic / ambulance services and land-use planning. The county also operates the Prescott-Russell Residence, a home for the aged in Hawkesbury.

Libraries
There are many public libraries located in the county. The largest is the Hawkesbury Public Library, which is located in Hawkesbury.

Health
There is 1 hospital in Prescott-Russell: Hawkesbury and District General Hospital, in Hawkesbury, Ontario. Also, there is a medevac helicopter, in Ottawa, Ontario.

Transit

The counties are served by numerous commuter bus lines running to Ottawa, which are mainly operated by private contractors.  The route numbers are part of the Rural Partners Transit Service of OC Transpo.  Communities served include Rockland (with 10-12 trips in rush hour), Hawkesbury, Bourget, Casselman, Russell, and Embrun.

Police
The county is policed by the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP). There are two main police stations in Prescott and Russell; one in Embrun and one in Hawkesbury. In addition, there is a police station in Rockland that acts as a satellite to the one in Embrun. The OPP is also in charge of patrolling Highway 417.

See also
 List of municipalities in Ontario
 List of townships in Ontario
 Prescott and Russell Recreational Trail
 St. Davids

References

External links

United counties in Ontario

United Counties of Prescott and Russell


Yeşilyurt, Sinop ilinin Boyabat ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Yerleşim, 1995 yılında köy statüsü kazandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 96 km, Boyabat ilçe merkezine 6 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Boyabat belde ve köyleri

Yeşilyurt, Boyabat


اتحاد الأطباء العرب هو تجمع لاتحاد النقابات والجمعيات والهيئات الطبية العربية في الدول العربية، تأسس في مصر سنة 1962 ويهدف الاتحاد إلى تنشيط البحث العلمي وإغناء المكتبة الطبية العربية لتواكب التقدم الصحي والتنسيق والعمل على توحيد مناهج التدريس والتدريب والاختصاص في المعاهد الطبية القائمة في الدول العربية إضافة إلى إنماء الروح النقابية ودعم العمل النقابي بين الأطباء العرب وتوحيد أسس وشروط مزاولة مهنة الطب في الوطن العربي بالتعاون مع الهيئات الصحية والطبية العربية.

النشأة
في المؤتمر الطبي العربي التاسع والعشرين الذي عقد في القاهرة في الفترة من (24 - 28 مايو 1961) تبلورت فكرة تأسيس اتحاد للأطباء العرب وذلك بعد عدة مؤتمرات طبية عربية كانت تعقدها الجمعية الطبية المصرية منذ عام 1928 وقرروا أن تكون القاهرة هي المقر الرئيسي الدائم للامانة العامة للاتحاد لحين تحرير القدس والتي هي المقر الرئيسي الدائم المنصوص عليه في القانون الأساسي للاتحاد كما أنه يمكن نقل المقر الرئيسي الدائم للأمانة بعد موفقة ثلثي أعضاء الاتحاد، وتأسس الاتحاد في مصر سنة 1962، واستقرت أمانته العامة في القاهرة حتى سنة 1978 عندما وقعت مصر اتفاقية كامب ديفيد مع إسرائيل، حيث أدى ذلك إلى مقاطعة الدول العربية للقاهرة، عاد مقر الأمانة العامة لاتحاد الأطباء العرب إلى القاهرة بعد عودة الجامعة العربية عام 1992 حتى فبراير 2010.

مسؤولي الاتحاد
 رئيس المجلس الأعلى للاتحاد: لدكتور أحمد الأصبحي
 الأمين العام: د. أسامة رسلان
 رئيس لجنة الإغاثة والطوارئ في الاتحاد د. جمال عبد السلام.

أزمة الجزائر 2010
وفي فبراير 2010 دعت الجزائر لاجتماع طارئ في الجزائر العاصمة لتغيير القانون الداخلي للاتحاد، واعتبرت هذه الدعوة غير قانونية لأن المسؤول عن الدعوة لاجتماع طارئ هو الأمين العام للاتحاد والأمانة العامة كما حدد ذلك في المادة 8 من القانون الأساسي للاتحاد والمادة 6 من النظام الداخلي للاتحاد وفي هذا الاجتماع قد تم إقرار بند ينص على تحديد مقر الاتحاد بالانتخاب كل أربع سنوات. واعتبر هذا التعديل أيضا غير قانونيا لأن القانون الأساسي للاتحاد في المادة 11 اشترط عند تعديله حضور أغلبية الثلثين من الأعضاء وهذا لم يحدث وفي هذا الاجتماع أيضا تم اختيار اللبناني جورج أفتيموس أميناً عاماً للاتحاد ونقيب الأطباء الليبيين د. إبراهيم الشارف رئيسا للمجلس الأعلى للاتحاد.

وقد اعتراض د.عبد المنعم أبو الفتوح الأمين العام على هذا الاجتماع قال:. وأن عقد بعض الأطباء الجزائريين اجتماع غير قانوني (حيث لم تدع له الأمانة العامة) وحضره عدد من الأطباء العرب يمثلون خمسة نقابات وجمعيات طبية عربية هي(لبنان-الإمارات –ليبيا-عمان-قطر) من مجموع الدول الأعضاء البالغ عددها واحد وعشرين دولة. بينما قال د. محمد بقاط بركاني عميد الأطباء الجزائريين ورئيس الاجتماع الطارئ الاستثنائي للمجلس الذي انعقد بالجزائر العاصمة .

لجان الاتحاد
ويضم الكيان المؤسسي للاتحاد 17 لجنة أهمها:

 المعهد العربي للتنمية المهنية المستدامة (معتمد)
 لجنة الإغاثة والطوارئ
 لجنة تعريب الطب
 لجنة الروابط العلمية
 اللجنة العلمية
 لجنة مكافحة العدوى
 لجنة أخلاقيات المهنة
 لجنة مواكبة التقنيات الحديثة
 اللجنة الصحية العربية للطوارئ
 لجنة المجلة
 لجنة الإعلام

مواد قانونية

مواد من القانون الأساسي للاتحاد
 المادة 8: الأمانة العامة
 أ – هي الهيئة التنفيذية للمجلس الأعلي، وتتولي تنفيذ ومتابعة قراراته وتوصياته.
 ب – تتكون الأمانة العامة من :
 1) الأمين العام والذي يتم انتخابه من قبل المجلس الأعلي لمدة أربع سنوات.
 2) تسعة أمناء عامين مساعدين يتم انتخابهم من قبل المجلس الأعلي لمدة أربع سنوات.
 3) أمين عام مساعد كعضو دائم في الأمانة العامة عن فلسطين يتم ترشيحه مرة كل أربع سنوات من قبل اتحاد الأطباء والصيادلة الفلسطينيين.
 4) بعد عامين تسقط عضوية نصف الأمناء العامين المساعدين بالقرعة ويتم انتخاب غيرهم أو يعاد انتخابهم لمدة أربع سنوات.
 جـ - لا يجوز انتخاب الأمين العام المساعد أكثر من دورتين متتاليتين.
 ط – يتم النصاب القانوني لاجتماعات الأمانة العامة بحضور الأغلبية المطلقة من الأعضاء وتتخذ القرارات بالأكثرية العادية للأعضاء الحاضرين وإذا تساوت الأصوات يرجح الجانب الذي فيه رئيس الجلسة.
 ي – تجتمع الأمانة العامة مرتين في العام في مقر الاتحاد أو في أي مكان آخر يقرره الأمين العام ويحق للأمين العام بعد التشاور مع أربعة أعضاء من الأمانة العامة توجيه الدعوة لاجتماعات طارئة كما يحق لستة من أعضاء الأمانة طلب عقد اجتماع طارئ وعلي الأمين العام في هذه الحالة توجيه الدعوة إلى الاجتماع الطارئ في المكان والزمان المحددين في الطلب.
 المادة 11: تعديل القانون الأساسي
 يتم تعديل هذا القانون بعد اتخاذ المراحل التالية:
 أ – ترفع الأمانة العامة اقتراحاً معللاً إلى أعضاء المجلس الأعلي قبل شهرين على الأقل من الاجتماع الذي سيبحث فيه هذا الاقتراح.
 ب – لا يحق للمجلس الأعلي بحث هذا الاقتراح إلا بتوفر أكثرية تضم ثلثي الأعضاء.
 جـ - يجب أن تحصل الموافقة علي التعديل علي أكثرية ثلاثة أرباع الأعضاء الحاضرين زائد واحد.

مواد من النظام الداخلي للاتحاد
 المادة 6: اجتماعات المجلس الأعلي
 أ – الدورات العادية للمجلس الأعلي: يعقد المجلس الأعلي اجتماعاً دورياً سنوياً خلال السبعة أيام التي تسبق عقد المؤتمر الطبي السنوي للاتحاد في نفس البلد الذي يعقد فيه المؤتمر ويرأس الاجتماع نقيب البلد المضيف الذي يعقد فيه المؤتمر ويعتبر رئيساً لدورة الاتحاد طوال فترة ما بين المؤتمرين.
 ب – الدورات الاستثنائية للمجلس الأعلي: يوجه الأمين العام الدعوة للمجلس الأعلي لعقد دورة استثنائية في المكان والموعد الذين تحددهما الأمانة العامة وذلك بناء علي:
 1 – قرار معلل من الأمانة العامة.
 2 – أو بناء علي طلب معلل يقدم للأمين العام من ربع عدد الأقطار الأعضاء للمجلس الأعلي لبحث أمور هامة وطارئة وعلي الأمانة العامة أن تحدد موعد ومكان الاجتماع وتوجه الدعوة معللة ومرفقة بجدول الأعمال علي أن يكون موعد الاجتماع خلال مدة أقصاها شهر من تاريخ تلقيها الطلب.
 3 – لا يجوز في الدورات الاستثنائية بحث أمور خارجة عن جدول الأعمال.
 جـ - يكون اجتماع المجلس قانونيا بحضور الأغلبية المطلقة لأعضائه وإذا لم يتوفر هذا النصاب يدعي لاجتماع آخر يعقد خلال مدة أقصاها :
 1 – ثلاثة أيام في الدورات الاستثنائية لاجتماعات المجلس.
 2 – شهرين في الدورات العادية لاجتماعات المجلس.
 ويعتبر الاجتماع قانونياً بحضور خمسة أقطار على الأقل أعضاء في المجلس الأعلي.
 د – تؤخذ قرارات المجلس بالأغلبية النسبية للأعضاء الحاضرين إلا في الحالات التي حدد لها القانون والنظام الداخلي أغلبية خاصة. ويكون لكل قطر عضو صوتان ولو كان ممثلاً بشخص واحد، وعند تساوي الأصوات يرجح الجانب الذي فيه رئيس الجلسة.
 المادة 9: جدول الأعمال
 ب – إذا رغب أحد أعضاء المجلس الأعلي عرض موضوع غير وارد في جدول الأعمال عدا تعديل القانون الأساسي والنظام الداخلي وجب عليه تقديمه خطياً في بدء الاجتماع ويتولي الرئيس عرضه علي المجلس للموافقة علي إدراجه في جدول الأعمال أو رفضه.

قائمة أمناء الاتحاد
 عبد المنعم أبو الفتوح (20 مارس 2004 - حتى الآن) - مصر (وفي 27 فبراير 2010 وي محاولة انشقاقية غير قانونية لم يدعوا لها الأمين العام والأمانة العامة ولم تبلغ أغلبية ثلثي الأعاضاء أختير جورج أفتيموس أمينا عاما)
 الدكتور جمال الدين البحيري - مصر
 الدكتور حموده بن سلامة - تونس
 الدكتور صادق علوش - العراق
 الدكتور حسن خريس - الأردن
 الدكتور محمد ياسر السقا - سوريا
 الدكتور حمود الزعبي - الكويت

انظر أيضا
 اتحاد الأطباء العرب في أوروبا
 الجمعية الطبية الإسلامية

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

منظمات عربية
أطباء عرب
منظمات أسست في 1962
منظمات مقرها في القاهرة
منظمات طبية وصحية

اتحاد الأطباء العرب


Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) is a group of blood disorders characterized by low red blood cells, acute kidney failure, and low platelets. Initial symptoms typically include bloody diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and weakness. Kidney problems and low platelets then occur as the diarrhea progresses. Children are more commonly affected, but most children recover without permanent damage to their health, although some children may have serious and sometimes life-threatening complications. Adults, especially the elderly, may present a more complicated presentation. Complications may include neurological problems and heart failure.

Most cases occur after infectious diarrhea due to a specific type of E. coli called O157:H7. Other causes include S. pneumoniae, Shigella, Salmonella, and certain medications. The underlying mechanism typically involves the production of Shiga toxin by the bacteria. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is often due to a genetic mutation and presents differently. However, both can lead to widespread inflammation and multiple blood clots in small blood vessels, a condition known as thrombotic microangiopathy.

Treatment involves supportive care and may include dialysis, steroids, blood transfusions, or plasmapheresis. About 1.5 per 100,000 people are affected per year. Less than 5% of those with the condition die. Of the remainder, up to 25% have ongoing kidney problems. HUS was first defined as a syndrome in 1955.

Signs and symptoms
After eating contaminated food, the first symptoms of infection can emerge anywhere from 1 to 10 days later, but usually after 3 to 4 days. These early symptoms can include diarrhea (which is often bloody), stomach cramps, mild fever, or vomiting that results in dehydration and reduced urine. HUS typically develops about 5–10 days after the first symptoms, but can take up to 3 weeks to manifest, and occurs at a time when the diarrhea is improving. Related symptoms and signs include lethargy, decreased urine output, blood in the urine, kidney failure, low platelets, (which are needed for blood clotting), and destruction of red blood cells (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia). High blood pressure, jaundice (a yellow tinge in skin and the whites of the eyes), seizures, and bleeding into the skin can also occur. In some cases, there are prominent neurologic changes.

People with HUS commonly exhibit the symptoms of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which can include abdominal pain, low platelet count, elevated lactate dehydrogenase LDH, (an enzyme released from damaged cells, and which is therefore a marker of cellular damage) decreased haptoglobin (indicative of the breakdown of red blood cells) anemia (low red blood cell count), schistocytes (damaged red blood cells), elevated creatinine (a protein waste product generated by muscle metabolism and eliminated renally), proteinuria (indicative of kidney injury), confusion, fatigue, swelling, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea. Additionally, patients with aHUS typically present with an abrupt onset of systemic signs and symptoms such as acute kidney failure, hypertension (high blood pressure), myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, lung complications, pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), liver necrosis (death of liver cells or tissue), encephalopathy (brain dysfunction), seizure, and coma. Failure of neurologic, cardiac, renal, and gastrointestinal (GI) organs, as well as death, can occur unpredictably at any time, either very quickly or following prolonged symptomatic or asymptomatic disease progression.

Cause

Typical HUS
Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) HUS occurs after ingestion of a strain of bacteria expressing Shiga toxin such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), of which E. coli O157:H7 is the most common serotype.

Atypical HUS

Atypical HUS (aHUS) represents 5–10% of HUS cases and is largely due to one or several genetic mutations that cause chronic, uncontrolled, and excessive activation of the complement system, which is a group of immune signaling factors that promote inflammation, enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from the body, and directly attack the pathogen's cell membrane. This results in platelet activation, endothelial cell damage, and white blood cell activation, leading to systemic TMA, which manifests as decreased platelet count, hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells), damage to multiple organs, and ultimately death. Early signs of systemic complement-mediated TMA include thrombocytopenia (platelet count below 150,000 or a decrease from baseline of at least 25%) and evidence of microangiopathic hemolysis, which is characterized by elevated LDH levels, decreased haptoglobin, decreased hemoglobin (the oxygen-containing component of blood), and/or the presence of schistocytes. Despite the use of supportive care, an estimated 33–40% of patients will die or have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with the first clinical manifestation of aHUS, and 65% of patients will die, require dialysis, or have permanent renal damage within the first year after diagnosis despite plasma exchange or plasma infusion (PE/PI) therapy. Patients who survive the presenting signs and symptoms of aHUS endure a chronic thrombotic and inflammatory state, which puts them at lifelong elevated risk of sudden blood clotting, kidney  failure, other severe complications and premature death.

Historically, treatment options for aHUS were limited to plasma exchange or plasma infusion (PE/PI) therapy, which carries significant risks and has not been proven effective in any controlled trials. People with aHUS and ESRD have also had to undergo lifelong dialysis, which has a 5-year survival rate of 34–38%.

Pathogenesis
HUS is caused by ingestion of bacteria that produce Shiga toxins, with Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) being the most common type. E. coli can produce shigatoxin-1, shigatoxin-2, or both; with shigatoxin-2 producing organisms being more virulent and being much more likely to cause HUS. Once ingested, the bacteria move to the intestines where the produce the Shiga toxins. The bacteria and toxins damage the mucosal lining of the intestines, and thus are able to gain entry into the circulation. Shiga toxin enters the mesenteric microvasculature lining the intestines where it releases inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and IL-1β. These inflammatory mediators lead to inflammation and vascular injury with microthrombi that are seen with HUS. It also further damages the intestinal barrier leading to diarrhea (usually bloody) and further entry of Shiga toxin from the intestines to the bloodstream as the intestinal barrier is compromised.

Once Shiga toxin enters the circulation it can travel throughout the body and cause the wide array of end organ damage and the multitude of symptoms seen with HUS. Shiga toxin gains entry to cells by binding to globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) which is a globoside found on cell membranes, it is found throughout the body including the surface of the glomerular endothelium of the kidney. Shiga toxin gains entry to the cell via Gb3 and endocytosis, it then is transported to the Golgi apparatus where furin cleaves the A subunit of the Shiga toxin. It is then transported to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is further cleaved, leaving the A1 subunit of Shiga toxin free. The A1 subunit of Shiga toxin inhibits the 28s subunit of the ribosomal rRNA, this leads to inhibited protein production by the ribosomes. With the cell's protein synthesis inhibited by Shiga toxin, the cell is destroyed. This leads to vascular injury (including in the kidneys where Gb3 is concentrated). The vascular injury facilitates the formation of vascular microthrombi which are characteristic of TTP. The TTP leads to platelet trapping (and thrombocytopenia), red blood cell destruction (and anemia), and end organ damage that is characteristically seen with HUS and TTP.

HUS is one of the thrombotic microangiopathies, a category of disorders that includes STEC-HUS, aHUS, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The release of cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β) that are commonly released by Shiga toxin are implicated in platelet activation and TTP. The presence of schistocytes is a key finding that helps to diagnose HUS.

Shiga-toxin directly activates the alternative complement pathway and also interferes with complement regulation by binding to complement factor H, an inhibitor of the complement cascade.  Shiga-toxin causes complement-mediated platelet, leukocyte, and endothelial cell activation, resulting in systemic hemolysis, inflammation and thrombosis. Severe clinical complications of TMA have been reported in patients from 2 weeks to more than 44 days after presentation with STEC-HUS, with improvements in clinical condition extending beyond this time frame, suggesting that complement activation persists beyond the acute clinical presentation and for at least 4 months.

The consumption of platelets as they adhere to the thrombi lodged in the small vessels typically leads to mild or moderate thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of less than 60,000 per microliter. As in the related condition TTP, reduced blood flow through the narrowed blood vessels of the microvasculature leads to reduced blood flow to vital organs, and ischemia may develop. The kidneys and the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are the parts of the body most critically dependent on high blood flow, and are thus the most likely organs to be affected. However, in comparison to TTP, the kidneys tend to be more severely affected in HUS, and the central nervous system is less commonly affected.

In contrast with typical disseminated intravascular coagulation seen with other causes of sepsis and occasionally with advanced cancer, coagulation factors are not consumed in HUS (or TTP) and the coagulation screen, fibrinogen level, and assays for fibrin degradation products such as "D-Dimers", are generally normal despite the low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).

HUS occurs after 3–7% of all sporadic E. coli O157:H7 infections and up to approximately 20% or more of epidemic infections. Children and adolescents are commonly affected. One reason could be that children have more Gb3 receptors than adults which may be why children are more susceptible to HUS. Cattle, swine, deer, and other mammals do not have GB3 receptors, but can be asymptomatic carriers of Shiga toxin-producing bacteria. Some humans can also be asymptomatic carriers. Once the bacteria colonizes, diarrhea followed by bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, typically follows. Other serotypes of STEC also cause disease, inlduding HUS, as occurred with E. coli O104:H4, which triggered a 2011 epidemic of STEC-HUS in Germany.

Grossly, the kidneys may show patchy or diffuse renal cortical necrosis. Histologically, the glomeruli show thickened and sometimes split capillary walls due largely to endothelial swelling. Large deposits of fibrin-related materials in the capillary lumens, subendothelially, and in the mesangium are also found along with mesangiolysis. Interlobular and afferent arterioles show fibrinoid necrosis and intimal hyperplasia and are often occluded by thrombi.

STEC-HUS most often affects infants and young children, but also occurs in adults. The most common form of transmission is ingestion of undercooked meat, unpasteurized fruits and juices, contaminated produce, contact with unchlorinated water, and person-to-person transmission in daycare or long-term care facilities.

Unlike typical HUS, aHUS does not follow STEC infection and is thought to result from one or several genetic mutations that cause chronic, uncontrolled, and excessive activation of complement. This leads to platelet activation, endothelial cell damage, and white blood cell activation, leading to systemic TMA, which manifests as decreased platelet count, hemolysis, damage to multiple organs, and ultimately, death. Early signs of systemic complement-mediated TMA include thrombocytopenia (platelet count below 150,000 or a decrease from baseline of at least 25%)  and evidence of microangiopathic hemolysis, which is characterized by elevated LDH levels, decreased haptoglobin, decreased hemoglobin, and/or the presence of schistocytes.

Diagnosis
The similarities between HUS, aHUS, and TTP make differential diagnosis essential. All three of these systemic TMA-causing diseases are characterized by thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolysis, plus one or more of the following: neurological symptoms (e.g., confusion, cerebral convulsions, seizures); renal impairment (e.g., elevated creatinine, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], abnormal urinalysis); and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis).The presence of diarrhea does not exclude aHUS as the cause of TMA, as 28% of patients with aHUS present with diarrhea and/or gastroenteritis. First diagnosis of aHUS is often made in the context of an initial, complement-triggering infection, and Shiga-toxin has also been implicated as a trigger that identifies patients with aHUS. Additionally, in one study,  mutations of genes encoding several complement regulatory proteins were detected in 8 of 36 (22%) patients diagnosed with STEC-HUS. However, the absence of an identified complement regulatory gene mutation does not preclude aHUS as the cause of the TMA, as approximately 50% of patients with aHUS lack an identifiable mutation in complement regulatory genes.

Diagnostic work-up supports the differential diagnosis of TMA-causing diseases. A positive Shiga-toxin/EHEC test confirms a cause for STEC-HUS, and severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (i.e., ≤5% of normal ADAMTS13 levels) confirms a diagnosis of TTP.

Prevention
The effect of antibiotics in shiga toxin producing E. coli is unclear. While some early studies raised concerns more recent studies show either no effect or a benefit.

Treatment
Treatment involves supportive care and may include dialysis, steroids, blood transfusions, and plasmapheresis. Early IV fluid hydration is associated with better outcomes including shorter hospital stays and reducing the risk of dialysis.

Empiric antibiotics are not indicated in those who are immunocompetent, and may worsen the HUS. Antidiarrheals and narcotic medications to slow the gut are not recommended as they are associated with worsening symptoms, increased risk of HUS in those with STEC infection, and adverse neurologic reactions. Platelet transfusions should not be used as the may drive the process of microangiopathy leading to worsening TTP.

While eculizumab is being used to treat atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, no evidence as of 2018 supports its use in the main forms of HUS. Scientists are trying to understand how useful it would be to immunize humans or cattle.

Prognosis
Acute renal failure occurs in 55–70% of people with STEC-HUS, although up to 70–85% recover renal function. With aggressive treatment, more than 90% of patients survive the acute phase of HUS, and only about 9% may develop ESRD. Roughly one-third of persons with HUS have abnormal kidney function many years later, and a few require long-term dialysis. Another 8% of persons with HUS have other lifelong complications, such as high blood pressure, seizures, blindness, paralysis, and the effects of having part of their colon removed. STEC-HUS is associated with a 3% mortality rate among young children and a 20% mortality rate in middle age or older adults. 15-20% of children infected with STEC develop HUS, with the highest risk being in children younger than 5 years old.

Patients with aHUS generally have poor outcomes, with up to 50% progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or irreversible brain damage; as many as 25% die during the acute phase.

History
HUS is now considered as a part of the broader group of Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA). Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a TMA,  was first described by the Hungarian born, American pathologist and physician Eli Moschcowitz (18791964). In 1924, Moschcowitz first described TTP as a distinct clinicopathologic condition that can mimic the clinical characteristics of Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS). That was in a 16-year-old girl who died 2 weeks after the abrupt onset and progression of petechial bleeding, pallor, fever, paralysis, hematuria and coma; and called "Moschcowitz disease". Moreover, Moschcowitz was among the first to work in psychosomatic medicine, and he presented a paper in 1935 on the psychological origins of physical disease. HUS was first described by Conrad Gasser in 1955, and the systemic character of HUS was subsequently defined. Bernard Kaplan identified several distinct entities that can manifest as HUS and emphasized that HUS was a syndrome with a common pathologic outcome. Kaplan is a Canadian professor and director of Pediatric Nephrology. He has an international reputation for his studies, over the past 34 years, on the hemolytic uremic syndromes. The discovery that endothelial cell injury underlies this broad spectrum of TMA disorders has come into focus during the last two decades. In the 1980s, Mohamed Karmali (1945-2016) was the first to make the association between Stx, diarrheal E. coli infection and the idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome of infancy and childhood. Karmali's work showed that the hemolytic uremic syndrome the children in Canada was caused by this particular bacteria. Karmali also developed the system of classifying strains of E.coli and determining which cause disease in humans. He defined the presence of microvascular injury in diarrhea-associated HUS and the critical role of a verotoxin produced by specific strains of Escherichia coli. This verotoxin was subsequently found to be a member of a family of toxins first identified with Shigella and known as Shiga toxin (Stx). This relationship and the eventual link of TTP to abnormally high levels of ultra-large Von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers caused by congenital or acquired reductions in ADAMTS13 activity was established at approximately the same time. In 1924, a Finnish physician Erik Adolf von Willebrand (1870-1949) was consulted about a young girl with a bleeding disorder. Von Willebrand described this disorder in 1926, distinguishing it from hemophilia. The disorder was named after him, becoming known as von Willebrand disease. The cause of the disease was later discovered to be a deficiency of a protein, now known as von Willebrand factor, that enables hemostasis. Paul Warwicker is an English nephrologist, whilst in Newcastle in the mid 1990s his research in molecular genetics with Professors Tim and Judith Goodship led to the genetic mapping of the familial form of atypical HUS and the descriptions of the first HUS-related mutations and polymorphisms in the factor H gene in both familial and sporadic HUS. He was awarded an MD in molecular genetics in 2000, and elected fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in the same year. Paul Warwicker confirmed the association of atypical HUS (aHUS) to defects in a region on chromosome 1 that contains the genes for several complement regulatory proteins. Later, mutations in complement factor H, complement factor I, membrane cofactor protein, factor B, C3, and thrombomodulin have now been found to cause many of the familial cases of aHUS. These discoveries have allowed a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment of the entire spectrum of TMA disorders and provide a more rational and effective approach to the care of these children with complicated disease. Prior to the use of monoclonal antibodies patients with aHUS had an extremely poor prognosis. Eculizumab (Soliris®, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boston, MA, USA) is a humanized monoclonal complement inhibitor that is the first and only approved treatment for patients with aHUS by FDA in September 2011. Eculizumab binds with high affinity to C5, inhibiting C5 cleavage to C5a and C5b and preventing the generation of the terminal complement complex C5b-9, thus inhibiting complement-mediated TMA. Eculizumab was proven to be effective in patients with aHUS in which it resolved and prevented complement-mediated TMA, improving renal function and hematologic outcomes. Alexion head of R&D 'John Orloff, M.D. "The results met the high bar of complete TMA response, defined by hematologic normalization and improved kidney function," said Alexion R&D head John Orloff, M.D., who reckons the drug can become the "new standard of care for patients with aHUS." "We are preparing regulatory submissions for Ultomiris in aHUS in the U.S., European Union and Japan as quickly as possible," he added.

Epidemiology
The country with the highest incidence of HUS is Argentina and it performs a key role in the research of this condition.

In the United States, the overall incidence of HUS is estimated at 2.1 cases per 100,000 persons/year, with a peak incidence between six months and four years of age.

HUS and the E. coli infections that cause it have been the source of much negative publicity for the FDA, meat industries, and fast-food restaurants since the 1990s, especially in the contaminations linked to Jack in the Box restaurants. In 2006, an epidemic of harmful E. coli emerged in the United States due to contaminated spinach. In June 2009, Nestlé Toll House cookie dough was linked to an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 in the United States, which sickened 70 people in 30 states.

In May 2011 an epidemic of bloody diarrhea caused by E. coli O104:H4-contaminated fenugreek seeds hit Germany. Tracing the epidemic revealed more than 3,800 cases, with HUS developing in more than 800 of the cases, including 36 fatal cases. Nearly 90% of the HUS cases were in adults.

References

Nephrology
Syndromes affecting the kidneys
Acquired hemolytic anemia
Blood disorders
Syndromes affecting blood
Medical triads
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate

Hemolytic–uremic syndrome


Lorbeer gehört als Pflanze in der Heraldik zu den Wappenfiguren und zu den Prachtstücken. Das Vorbild in der Natur ist der Echte Lorbeer.

Er gilt als Symbol der Ehre, des Ruhmes und des Sieges. Wenn auch der Gebrauch schon lange bekannt war, in die Heraldik hat er erst seit der Renaissance Einzug gehalten, Gleiches gilt auch für den Olivenzweig oder Ölzweig, beziehungsweise den Palmenzweig. Diese Zweige werden in der Heraldik gerne zur Kombination mit Lorbeer genommen. Dazu ist noch Eiche und Linde zu rechnen.
Die Anwendung des Lorbeers ist vielseitig.

Der Gebrauch im Wappen oder Wappenfeld ist in diesen Varianten möglich:
 ganze Pflanze (Lorbeerbaum, als heraldischer Baum stilisiert dargestellt)
 ein oder mehrere Blätter
 ein der mehrere Zweige
 ein Kranz (Lorbeerkranz)
oder um den Schild
 je ein Zweig zu den Wappenseiten
 in Kombination ein Lorbeerzweig mit einem anderen beblätterten Zweig
 ein Kranz oder Gebinde
In diesem Gebrauch werden die Zweige unterhalb des Schildfußes recht häufig mit einer Schleife gebunden. Dabei wird versucht, die Farben des Wappenträgers oder die Nationalfarbe des Landes (Italienische Wappen) in der Schleife zu zeigen. Auch eine leichte Umwicklung mehrerer Zweige zu einem Bund oder Gebinde ist gebräuchlich.

Die Tingierung des Lorbeers ist in Grün oder Gold, aber Silber ist auch häufig vertreten.
Im Wappen ist der Lorbeer oft schwer als solcher erkennbar. Hier sollte die Wappenbeschreibung klären. Oft wird in der Beschreibung von Girlande oder Gebinde geschrieben und es sind die schildumgebenen Zweige damit gemeint. Diese Unsitte außerhalb des Wappenschildes Zweige anzufügen ist dem Rokoko geschuldet, wo die verspielte Rocaille-Schildform Auswüchse annahm.

Die Zweige werden gelegentlich mit rotgefärbten Beeren belebt, obwohl diese nicht in so hellen Farbe in der Natur vorkommen.

Beispiele

Siehe auch
 Lorbeerkranz

Literatur
 Walter Leonhard: Das große Buch der Wappenkunst. Entwicklung – Elemente – Bildmotive – Gestaltung. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 2001, ISBN 3-8289-0768-7.

Weblinks

Pflanze (Heraldik)
Lorbeer in der Kultur

Lorbeer (Heraldik)


قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون لسنة 1963:

فردي رجال

 تشك ماكنلي هزم  فريد ستول. النتيجة: 9-7 6-1 6-4

فردي سيدات

 مارغريت كورت هزمت  بيلي جين كينغ. النتيجة: 6-3, 6-4

مراجع

أحداث يوليو 1963 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
أحداث يوليو 1963 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1963 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
أحداث يونيو 1963 الرياضية
بطولة ويمبلدون 1963
كرة المضرب في 1963
أحداث 1963 الرياضية في لندن

بطولة ويمبلدون 1963


Die 66. Tour de Romandie fand vom 24. April bis zum 29. April 2012 statt. Nach einem Prolog folgten fünf Etappen; die Distanz betrug 695,08 Kilometer. Das Rennen zählte zur UCI WorldTour 2012.

Teilnehmer

Startberechtigt sind die 18 ProTeams. Zudem vergab der Organisator zwei Wildcards an die Professional Continental Teams (EUC) und (SAU).

Etappenübersicht

Etappen

Prolog
24. April 2012 – Lausanne – 3,340 km

Etappe 1
25. April 2012 – Morges – La Chaux-de-Fonds – 184,500 km

Etappe 2
 26. April 2012 – Montbéliard (F) – Moutier – 149,100 km

Etappe 3
27. April 2012 – La Neuveville – Charmey – 157,600 km

Etappe 4
28. April 2012 – Bulle – Sion – 184,000 km

Etappe 5
29. April 2012-Montana-Village – Crans-Montana (EZF) – 16,240 km

Trikots im Rennverlauf

Die Tabelle zeigt die Führenden nach der jeweiligen Etappe an.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Offizielle Webpräsenz

20120
Radrennen 2012

Tour de Romandie 2012


An Scleria staheliana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Hendrik Uittien. An Scleria staheliana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Scleria, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Scleria

Scleria staheliana


Sertab Gibi, Türk şarkıcı Sertab Erener'in üçüncü stüdyo albümü.

Şarkı listesi
 "Uzaklara" (Beste: Fahir Atakoğlu)
 "Aslolan Aşktır" (Söz: Sezen Aksu, Müzik: Demir Demirkan & Sertab Erener)
 "İncelikler Yüzünden (Söz: Sezen Aksu & Pakize Barışta, Müzik: Demir Demirkan & Sertab Erener)
 "Seyrüsefer" (Söz - Müzik: Sezen Aksu)
 "Dağ Gibiyim" (Söz: Turgut Berkes, Müzik: Demir Demirkan)
 "Yara" (Söz: Küçük İskender, Müzik: Atilla Özdemiroğlu)
 "Aaa" (Söz: Demir Demirkan & Sertab Erener & Şebnem Ferah, Müzik: Demir Demirkan & Sertab Erener)
 "Bozlak" (Söz: Yunus Emre, Müzik: Atilla Özdemiroğlu)
 "İyi ki Doğdun" (Söz: Demir Demirkan & Sertab Erener, Müzik: Demir Demirkan & Sertab Erener)
 "Yüz Yüzeyim" (Söz: Sezen Aksu, Müzik: Sertab Erener)
 "Yağmur Gülleri" (Söz: Turgut Berkes, Müzik: Fahir Atakoğlu)
 "Kera" (Söz: Özkan Uğur, Müzik: Atilla Özdemiroğlu & Demir Demirkan)

Yapım görevlileri
 Fahir Atakoğlu: Piyano (1,11), Elektrik piyano (9)
 Jan Fabricky: Davul (2,3,5,7,9,10,12)
 Wolfgang Zwiauer: Bas Gitar (2,3,5,7,8,9,10,12)
 Demir Demirkan: Gitar (2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,12), Klavye (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10), Geri vokal (2,7), Düzenleme (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12), Bilgisayar programlama (4)
 Erhan Akhan: Vurmalı çalgılar (2,5,6,7,8,9,10,12), Tomtom (12)
 Şenyaylar Yaylı Grubu: Keman (2,3,6,7)
 Ayda Tunç: Keman solo (2,3,6)
 Emre Altuğ: Geri vokal (2,7,12)
 G.M.G.: Nefesliler (5)
 Cengiz Coşkuner: Nefesliler (5)
 Şebnem Ferah: Geri vokal (5,10,12)
 Mehmet Çelik: Nefesli düzenlemesi (5)
 Levent Yüksel: Bas gitar (6), Geri vokal (6,12)
 Gökhan Ketenci: Soprano saksofon (6,8)
 Cemal Kaplan: Kaşık (7)
 Ali İhsan Yılmaz: Kaşık (7)
 Nazif Güvenir: Kaşık (7)
 Kudsi Ergüner: Ney (8)
 Erdem Sökmen: Klasik gitar (10,12)
 Volkan Öktem: Tomtom (12)
 Özkan Uğur: Geri vokal (12)
 Burak Gültekin: Geri vokal (12)
 Aycan Dağıstanlı: Geri vokal (12)
 Elif Ersoy: Geri vokal (12)
Yapım görevlileri Sertab Gibi albüm kitapçığından alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
Sertab.com

Sertab Erener albümleri
1997 albümleri
Pop albümleri
İmaj Müzik albümleri

Sertab Gibi


إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا (بالكرواتية:Hrvatska Radiotelevizija) هي مؤسسة بث عامة في كرواتيا، مقرها في زغرب، لها ثلاثة برامج تلفزيونية وإذاعية وطنية، وثمانية برامج إذاعية إقليمية. بدأت إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا ببث برامجها في 15 مايو 1926 وكان ذلك أول إرسال يُبث في جنوب شرق أوروبا. في نهاية العام نفسه بلغ عدد مستمعيها نحو 4.000 مستمع مسجل.

في البداية كانت الإذاعة تابعة للقطاع الخاص، وبعد الحرب العالمية الثانية أصبحت تابعة للدولة. وفي 15 مايو 1956 أي بعد ثلاثين عاماً على إنشاء الإذاعة بدأ البث التلفزيوني للمؤسسة.

البرامج

التلفزيون

توجد ثلاث برامج تلفزيونية هي إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا 1، إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا 2، وإذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا زائد. الإرسال على إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا 1 هو على سبيل المثال نشرات الأخبار وبرنامج المسابقة (من سيكون المليونير). إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا 2 تهتم بشكل كبير بالأخبار الرياضية وبرامج الترفيه. يتم بث برنامج إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا زائد عبر الكابل والأقمار الصناعية أيضاً.

حتى عام 2004، كان هناك أيضاً إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا 3، التي أصبح الآن تلفزيون أر تي إل الخاص يبث على ترددها.

الإذاعة

توجد ثلاث برامج إذاعية وطنية. إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا 1، إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا 2، وهي مزيج من الأخبار، برامج الترفيه، والموسيقى والبرامج الوثائقية. تبث إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا 2 في موسم السياحة الأخبار، ومعلومات عن المرور بأربع لغات: بالإيطالية (راي يونو)، بالألمانية (إذاعة هيت، إذاعة بافاريا)، بالإنجليزية (إذاعة فرغين) وباللغة الكرواتية. إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا 3 مختصة بالبرامج الثقافية والموسيقى الكلاسيكية. هناك أيضاً برامج إقليمية لزغرب، علاوة على ذلك يوجد إرسال موجه للخارج باللغات الإنجليزية، والألمانية، والإسبانية.

القمر الصناعي
يتم إرسال برامج مؤسسة الإذاعة والتلفزيون الكرواتي عبر الأقمار الصناعية. فيما يخص أوروبا تبث هذه المؤسسة جميع برامجها التلفزيونية والإذاعية عبر القمر يوتلسات. تعتبر إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا نفسها على أنها وسيلة إعلامية هامة بالنسبة للكرواتيين المهاجرين خارج البلاد.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي (بالكرواتية والإنجليزية)

أعضاء اتحاد البث الأوروبي
إذاعات
إعلام حكومي
بث متعدد اللغات
تأسيسات سنة 1926 في كرواتيا
تاريخ كرواتيا الحديث
شبكات تلفزيونية كرواتية
شركات مقرها في زغرب
قنوات وشبكات تلفزيونية
قنوات وشبكات تلفزيونية أسست في 1956
محطات إذاعية أسست في 1926
محطات إذاعية في كرواتيا
محطات تمول شعبيا
تأسيسات سنة 2002 في كرواتيا

إذاعة وتلفزيون كرواتيا


IJ (; scris uneori pe hărțile vechi ca Y sau Ye) este un corp de apă, fost golf, în provincia Olanda de Nord a Țărilor de Jos. El este cunoscut ca fiind corpul de apă principal al Amsterdamului. Numele său este un cuvânt neerlandez învechit cu sensul "apă", derivat din cuvântul frizon vestic  ie "șuvoi, râu mic" (din germanicul ahwō, "apă") și este înrudit cu cuvintele neerlandeze Aa/Ee care desemnează corpuri de apă. Numele său este format din digrama ij, care se comportă ca o singură literă. Prin urmare, ambele litere sunt scrise cu majuscule; vezi și IJmuiden.

Geografie

Astăzi, IJ este împărțit în două părți:
 La vest, Binnen-IJ (IJ interior) sau Afgesloten-IJ (IJ închis) este conectat direct la Canalul Mării Nordului, care se întinde până la portul IJmuiden și Marea Nordului.
 La est, Buiten-IJ (IJ exterior) este o extensie a lacului IJmeer care este în sine o extensie a lacului Markermeer.
IJ este conectat cu Marea Nordului la vest și cu IJmeer la est printr-o serie de ecluze.

Istoric

Există mai multe teorii cu privire la originile IJ. Poate că a început ca un pârâu ce a ieșit la suprafață în dunele de la Castricum.
Cel mai probabil, IJ este o rămășiță al unui braț nordic al deltei Rinului. În cele din urmă, IJ ar putea proveni, de asemenea, din lacul Almere sau Flevo. În timpul epocii romane IJ comunica pe de o parte cu lacul Flevo și cu Vecht (Utrecht) și pe cealaltă parte cu Marea Nordului. Legătura directă cu Marea Nordului a dispărut ulterior, în timp ce IJ s-a extins în Evul Mediu. Acest lucru se datorează apariției Zuiderzee, un golf al Mării Nordului, care a rezultat în urma unei serii de furtuni.

La sfârșitul Evului Mediu, IJ era un golf lung și îngust cu apă salmastră, care era conectat cu Zuiderzee și se întindea de la Amsterdam (la est) către Velsen (la vest). În capătul de vest se afla un dig din dune naturale de-a lungul coastei olandeze a Mării Nordului care împiedica legătura directă dintre IJ, care se extinsese tot mai mult de-a lungul secolelor, și Marea Nordului și aproape că transforma peninsula Olanda de Nord într-o insulă. Prin secolul al XVII-lea, cu toate acestea, accesul către IJ a devenit dificil din cauza barelor de nisip, iar navelor maritime care deveniseră tot mai mari le era aproape imposibil să ajungă în orașul Amsterdam. În același timp, golful a erodat terenurile agricole, apropiindu-se tot mai mult de Haarlemmermeer (Lacul Haarlem) și amenințând orașele Haarlem și Amsterdam.

Au fost elaborate planuri pentru asanarea Haarlemmermeer și IJ și transformarea lor în poldere. Mai întâi a fost desecat Haarlemmermeer în 1852, iar apoi cea mai mare parte a lacului IJ între 1865 și 1876, rămânând doar un mic lac la Amsterdam, a cărui legătură cu Zuiderzee a fost închisă prin ecluzele Oranje. Între anii 1851 și 1886 antreprenorul Jan Galman (1807-1891)  din Amsterdam a realizat mai multe proiecte pentru construirea unui pod peste IJ, dar niciunul dintre ele nu a fost implementat pentru că un pod ar fi îngreunat circulația navelor mari.

În același timp a fost construit Canalul Mării Nordului în fostul bazin IJ pentru a oferi Amsterdamului un acces la mare și a-i revigora portul aflat în dificultate. A fost tăiat istmul pentru a realiza o legătură acvatică între IJ și Marea Nordului, în apropierea orașului Velsen; un nou port, IJmuiden ("gura IJ"), a fost construit la capătul vestic. Partea de est a polderelor IJ din apropiere de Amsterdam au fost industrializate și a fost construită o nouă zonă portuară mai mare.

Buiten-IJ a găzduit competițiile sportive de navigație la Jocurile Olimpice de Vară din 1928 desfășurate la Amsterdam. De asemenea, a găzduit două competiții de navigație la Jocurile Olimpice de Vară din 1920 de la Anvers.

Note

Legături externe
 1928 Summer Olympics official report, featuring map of the Buiten IJ. pp. 271–2, 274.
 Website Historical ferries
 Sports-Reference.com 1920 Summer Olympics sailing mixed 12-foot results.
 Sports-Reference.com 1928 Summer Olympics sailing mixed dinghy results.

Amsterdam
Geografia Țărilor de Jos

IJ (Amsterdam)


مسعود شومان هو شاعر وباحث مصري من مواليد 16 يناير 1966. له إسهامات ثرية في الشعر العامي، وهو من طليعة المجددين في جيله، كما أنه أحد نقّاد شعر العامية والمتابعين له.كما له دراسات مهمة في حقلى الدراسات الشعبية والأنثروبولوجية، عمل مسعود شومان مديراً عاما للإدارة العامة للثقافة العامة والإدارة العامة لأطلس مأثور|المأثورات الشعبية ومديراً لتحرير جريدة مسرحنا ورئيسا لللإدارة المركزية للتدريب وإعداد القادة الثقافيين ورئيسا للإدارة المركزية للدراسات والبحوث ورئيسا لمجلس إدارة الهيئة العامة لقصور الثقافة ورئيسا للبيت الفنى للفنون الشعبية والاستعراضية، ويعمل الآن رئيسا للجنة الاستشارية العليا لأطلس المأثورات الشعبية ورئيسا لتحرير مجلة الثقافة الجديدة.

سيرته الذاتية
 ولد في 16 – 1 - 1966، في مدينة شبين القناطر - محافظة القليوبية – مصر
 تخرج في كلية الحقوق – جامعة عين شمس بتقدير جيد عام 1988
 حصل على دبلوم الدراسات العليا في فلسفة الفنون الشعبية عام 1992 من المعهد العالي للفنون الشعبية – أكاديمية الفنون.
 حصل على الترتيب الأول في دفعته في المعهد وحصل في الدبلوم على تقدير ممتاز.
 دبلوم الدراسات العليا في الأنثروبولوجيا - معهد الدراسات الإفريقية - جامعة القاهرة.
 دبلوم التخطيط الاستراتيجى - معهد التخطيط القومى بتقدير ممتاز
 مقررات الماجستير من معهد الدراسات الإفريقية بتقدير ممتاز
 عضو اتحاد كتاب مصر
 عضو جمعية الأدباء والفنانين أتيليه القاهرة
عضو اللجنة الاستشارية العليا لأطلس المأثورات الشعبية
 عضو الأمانة العامة لمؤتمر أدباء مصر في الأقاليم
 أمين عام مؤتمر أدباء مصر في دورة عام 2006
رئيس المؤتمر العلمى الرابع لأطلس المأثورات الشعبية (الفرق الفنية الشعبية ودورها في الحفاظ على المأثور الشعبى، فرق الهيئة العامة لقصور الثقافة نموذجاً) 2019

الإصــدارات
 الخطاب الشعري في الموال، دراسة تحليلية في نشكيل النماذج الإنسانية، القاهرة، 1994.
 أول بروفه (ديوان الفتافيت)، القاهرة، ط 1، 1996.
 مربعات ابن عروس (دراسة وتحقيق) دار سما للطبع والنشر، القاهرة، 2000.
 بيجرب المشي على رجل واحدة (ديوان شعري)، سلسلة كتابات جديدة، الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب، القاهرة، 2002.
 أول بروفه (ديوان الفتافيت)، مكتبة الأسرة، الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب، ط 2، القاهرة، 2002.
 رجلي أتقل من سنة 67، أصوات أدبية، الهيئة العامة لقصور الثقافة، القاهرة، 2003.
 الديك الفنان - ديوان شعري للأطفال - سلسلة كتاب قطر الندى - أغسطس 2003.
 ذاكرة مؤتمر أدباء مصر في الأقاليم، هيئة قصور الثقافة، ديسمبر، 2003.
 ذاكرة النشر الإقليمي ببليوجرافيا إصدارات الأقاليم الثقافية، 2003.
 قبل ما يردموا البحيرة على نفقته 2004.طبعة ثانية 2007.
 اخلص لبحرك، دبوان شعرى، 2007
صاحب مقام ديوان شعري، نهضة مصر 2008.
الموسوعة المصرية لأغنيات الطفل الشعبية - المركز القومى لثقافة الطفل 2006
 ما تقفشى عند بداية الحواديت، ديوان شعري، مطبوعات المرسم، 2011.
 بس مين يفهم، دار الأدهم، 2012.
 مساحات الالتباس والوعى بالنص الشعبي، هيئة الكتاب 2013.
 اكتبوا تحت الظلام بكرة، دار الأدهم 2014
دكان للخردة دار العين 2014
المؤتلف والمختلف قراءات في شعر العامية المصرية 2015
الموسوعة المصرية لأغنيات الطفل الشعبية، ط 2 مكتبة الأسرة 2015
عارف يارب ديوان شعرى الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب 2016
الفارس يسرى الجندى بين الياء والياء المهرجان القومى للمسرح 2019
 عدة كتب مشتركة مع آخرين.

كما ساهم بعدد من الكتب في مجال الأعمال الببليوجرافية والدراسات الشعبية منها:
 الخطاب الشعري في الموال
 مربعات ابن عروس
 الموسوعة المصرية لأغنيات الطفل الجزء الأول
 الشعر الشعبي
 معجم أدباء مصر

ترجم بعض أشعاره المترجم الكبير الأستاذ الدكتور محمد عناني في كتاب بعنوان أصوات غاضبة والذي يُدرَّس في جامعة أركانسو بأمريكا

أعمال أخرى
 خدنى الغنا وما كنش فيه غيره - ديوان الأغاني
 ببليوجرافيا شعر العامية المصرية من 1952 حتى الآن
 المؤتلف والمختلف، دراسات في شعر العامية المصرية الجزء الثانى
التاريخ الزجلى لمصر
 معجم الشتائم والسباب واللعان
 معجم الأمثال الشعبية - مصنفاً تصنيفاً موضوعياً
 الموسوعة المصرية لأغنية الطفل
 قبل ما يردموا البحيرة - ديوان شعري
 معجم مصطلحات الشعر الشعبي
 واحد ثقافة عامة - دراسة في أحوال الثقافة المصرية
 مسرحية سوكسيه للكبار
 مسرحية التلات ليمونات للأطفال

الأعمال والوظائف
 عمل مصححاً بمجلة اليسار - 1991
 عمل باحثاً بأطلس الفولكلور المصري
 عمل سكرتيراً لتحرير أول مجلة لشعر العامية (ابن عروس) - 1992
 عمل سكرتيراً ثم مديراً لتحرير كتاب الأدباء
 عمل سكرتيراً لتحرير مجلة قطر الندى
 عمل مديراً لتحرير سلسلة الكتاب التذكاري
 عمل مديراً لتحرير سلسلة كتاب الثقافة الجديدة
 عمل مديراً لتحرير سلسلة ذاكرة الكتابة
 عمل رئيساً لتحرير مجلة الكرمة
عمل رئيسا لتحرير سلسلة الدراسات الشعبية
 عمل مدير تنفيذيا لتحرير جريدة مسرحنا
 عمل مديراً للإدارة العامة للثقافة العامة بهيئة قصور الثقافة
 كما عمل مديرا للإدارة العامة لأطلس المأثورات الشعبية.
 عمل مديرا عاما فرع ثقافة الجيزة.
 عمل رئيسا للإدارة المركزية للتدريب وإعداد القادة الثقافيين.
 عمل رئيسا للإدارة المركزية للدراسات والبحوث ندبا
عمل رئيسا لمجلس إدارة الهيئة العامة لقصور الثقافة
عمل رئيسا للبيت الفنى للفنون الشعبية والاستعراضية
يعمل رئيسا لتحرير مجلة الثقافة الجديدة ورئيسا للجنة الاستشارية العليا لأطلس المأثورات الشعبية

المشـاركـات
 شارك في معظم المؤتمرات الأدبية في أقاليم مصر بداية من 1988
 كان عضواً في الأمانة العامة لمؤتمر أدباء مصر في الأقاليم لسبع دورات
 شارك في مهرجان المربد بالعراق - على نفقته - 2000
مؤتمر المأثورات الشعبية بليبيا 2005
شارك في مهرجان اوسو بسوسة 2008
شارك مع السيرة الهلالية ضمن عرض التراث الثقافي الشفهي وغير المادي للبشرية بالبلدان الإسلامية المنظم بمتحف تلمسان 2011
شارك في المهرجان الدولى للحكايات بالمغرب 2012
شارك شاعرا ضمن احتفالات مصر بثورة 25 يناير سلطنة عمان 2012
شارك في مهرجان القراءة في احتفال مدربا لجمع التراث الثقافى اللامادى ولاية تيرى اوزو - الجزائر 2013
شارك باحثا ضمن المؤتمر الدولى جحا تراث مشترك معهد التراث بالشارقة 2016
شارك باحثا في مهرجان الشعر الشعبى بالشارقة 2017
شارك شاعرا في مهرجان الشعر الشعبى بالشارقة 2018
 شارك بأبحاثه في عدد كبير من المؤتمرات، من هذه الأبحاث:
 المؤتلف والمختلف، قراءات في شعر العامية المصرية - شعراء البحيرة – الدقهلية – أسوان – الإسماعيلية – بورسعيد – السويس، وغيرها.
 آليات استدعاء التراث الشعبي في شعر سمير عبد الباقي
 النص الشعري الشعبي في منطقة القناة، وحس المقاومة - بالاشتراك مع قاسم مسعد عليوة
 صورة البنت في التراث والمأثور الشعبي
 قصيدة النثر العامية بين إشكالية المصطلح واكتشاف جماليات جديدة، دراسة تتناول الشعراء - مجدي الجابري – يسري حسان – جاسر جمال الدين – صادق شرشر
 الوحدات الزخرفية في فن المرسمات الشعبية
 نداءات الباعة، دراسة إثنوجرافية
 الثقافة الشعبية والإعلام، البرامج الإذاعية والتلفزيونية نموذجاً
 بيرم التونسي والإبداع الشعبي، دراسة في التناص
 النشر الإقليمي، الطموحات، الإنجازات، السلبيات
 توظيف عناصر الثقافة الشعبية في شعر فؤاد حداد
 أنا شعرى منى وابن ناس فقرا، قراءة في شعر الأبنودى
 رباعيات الشاعر الراحل حامد البلاسى
 تداخل النصوص في العروض الحركية
 شاعر الربابة بين فنون الدراما والشعر
 آلات النفخ المصنوعة من الغاب بين فن الصناعة وفنون الآداء
 لغة الشارع المصري من السرية إلى لغة الروشنة

نشر قصائده ومقالاته وأبحاثه في عدد كبير من المجلات المصرية والعربية، منها:
الثقافة الجديدة – أدب ونقد – أخبار الأدب – إضاءة – القاهرة – الرافعي – الكرمة – المساء – حريتي – الرياض السعودية – الأنباء الكويتية – الفنون الشعبية – الكتابة الأخرى – الجراد، وغيرها

الأعمال الدرامية
كتب مسعود شومان أشعار عدد من المسلسلات والأفلام، منها:
 مسلسل حضرة المحترم رواية الكاتب الكبير نجيب محفوظ
 مسلسل دموع الغضب - سيناريو وحوار فيصل ندا
 فيلم ونس غريب - فيلم روائي قصير

كما كتب أشعار عدد من المسرحيات، منها:
 الحامي والحرامي
 عزيزة ويونس
 ملاعيب أبو نضارة
 بالعربي الفصيح
 عريس لبنت السلطان
 مولد سيدى طناش
 المشخصاتيه
 درب عسكر
 آخر الفرسان
 كابوس للبيع
الهلالى

من أشعاره
1
طار العصفور من ع التوتة
شاورت بعيونها البنوته
عصفورى يابو دم خفيف
كانت بنتوتك تستناك في الشموسه
بتحنى إيديها بعرق الشمس وتتهجاك
بتغنى لغاك
مرجعتش ليه
ولفت على الأحزان ولا
بنوتك بتنقى الغلة
وبتغزل توبها من الضلة
وتلم القش
طاير على فين
بتزرع وجعك ع الشطين
فين رفرفتك وغناك يا ملاك
أنا منتظراك
تحت الشجرايه.. في آخر الكون
تجت الشباك
عند القلة
سقعها الهوا وانا بستناك
مرجعتش ليه
رجع العصفور غرقان في الحزن
في طبق بنور شايلاه غربان
والدنيا تشجر في الأحزان
والبنوته لسه تشاور
وتنادى لعصفورها الطاير
مرجعتش ليه
أنا منتظراك
تحت الشجرايه.. في آخر الكون
تجت الشباك
عند القلة
سقعها الهوا وانا بستناك
مرجعتش ليه

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
شعراء وشاعرات مصريون
مواليد 1966

مسعود شومان


An Tillandsia nervata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Lyman Bradford Smith. An Tillandsia nervata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tillandsia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Guatemala. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tillandsia

Tillandsia nervata


South Holland is a local government district of Lincolnshire, England. The council is based in Spalding. Other notable towns and villages include Crowland, Sutton Bridge, Donington, Holbeach and Long Sutton. The district is named after the historical division of Lincolnshire known as the Parts of Holland.

The neighbouring districts are Boston, North Kesteven, South Kesteven, Peterborough, Fenland and King's Lynn and West Norfolk.

History
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It covered the area of three former districts from the administrative county of Holland, which were all abolished at the same time:
East Elloe Rural District
Spalding Rural District
Spalding Urban District
The new district was named South Holland referencing its position within Holland, one of the three historic parts of Lincolnshire.

Governance
South Holland District Council provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Lincolnshire County Council. Much of the district is also covered by civil parishes, which form a third tier of local government. The town of Spalding is an unparished area.

Political control
The council has been under Conservative majority control since 2003.

The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until the new arrangements came into effect on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows:

Leadership
The leaders of the council since 2003 have been:

Composition
Following the 2023 election, the composition of the council was:

The South Holland Independents and independent councillors sit together as the "Independent Group". The next election is due in 2027.

Premises
The council is based at the Council Offices on Priory Road in Spalding. The original building had been completed in 1954 for the Spalding Rural District Council, one of the modern council's predecessors. A large extension was added in front of the original building in 1991.

Elections

Since the last boundary changes in 2007 the council has comprised 37 councillors representing 18 wards, with each ward electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years.

Demographics

There were 76,512 residents in the district at the 2001 census. The median age was nearly 43. 82.6% of people in the district claimed to adhere to a Christian religion – the highest proportion of any district in the East Midlands.

The 2011 census reports 88,270 people at 1.2 per hectare in 37,264 households.

Much of the district is low-lying and highly fertile agricultural land which is protected from flooding by land drainage. This is the responsibility of the South Holland Internal Drainage Board and the Environment Agency.

Arms

References

Non-metropolitan districts of Lincolnshire
Local government districts of the East Midlands

South Holland District


Darío Matteoni (Pisa, 1950) es un historiador del arte y crítico de arte italiano.

Fue concejal de Cultura de la ciudad de Livorno durante el mandato del alcalde de Gianfranco Lamberti. Entre 1991 y 1998 colaboró como editor en la revista dirigida por Vittorio Gregotti. Es autor de numerosas publicaciones sobre la historia del arte y la arquitectura, el editor de la serie de Su e giù per Livorno, cuya primera edición se publicó en 2005. Supervisó la construcción de varias exposiciones en varias ciudades italianas.

Además, completó su oficina en el municipio de Livorno, ha participado activamente en los debates sobre el papel de la cultura en Livorno, criticando con dureza, con Vittorio Sgarbi, la demolición del Cine Odeon, que se describe como "un ejemplo de la arquitectura cinematográfica de la mayoría de los importante en la historia de Italia de la posguerra".

Actualmente es director del Museo Nacional del Palacio Real y Museo nazionale di San Matteo en Pisa.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Pisa
Historiadores de Italia del siglo XXI

Dario Matteoni


Dănilă Deac (n. 1856, Mociu, județul Cluj – d. 1953, Mociu, județul Cluj) a fost un deputat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918 .

Biografie
Dănilă Deac a fost agricultor în satul Mociu. În adunarea populară din 24 noiembrie 1918, a fost ales delegat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia.

Activitatea politică
Ca deputat în Adunarea Națională din 1 decembrie 1918, Dănilă Deac a fost delegat Cercului Electoral Cojocna.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7.
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998.

Lectură suplimentară
 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005, ISBN 973-27-1258-9 (vol. I); ISBN 973-27-1264-3 (vol. II).
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993.
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015.

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918
 1 decembrie 1918, Marea Unire de la Alba Iulia. Mărturii, documente și semnificații

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în 1856
Decese în 1953
Agricultori români
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Dănilă Deac


شبشير طملاي إحدى قرى مركز منوف التابع لمحافظة المنوفية بجمهورية مصر العربية.

التاريخ
قرية شبشير طملاي من القرى القديمة، واسمها الأصلي وقت الفتح الإسلامي لمصر ششوير ، وقد وردت باسم ششفير في أعمال جزيرة بني نصر ضمن قرى الروك الصلاحي التي أحصاها ابن مماتي في كتاب قوانين الدواوين، كما وردت باسم ششنير في أعمال جزيرة بني نصر ضمن قرى الروك الناصري التي أحصاها ابن الجيعان في كتاب «التحفة السنية بأسماء البلاد المصرية». وفي العصر العثماني كان اسمها في تربيع سنة 933هـ/1527م الذي أجراه الوالي العثماني سليمان باشا الخادم في عصر السلطان العثماني سليمان القانوني شبشير ضمن قرى ولاية جزيرة بني نصر، وفي تاريخ 1228هـ/1813م الذي عدّ قرى مصر بعد المسح الذي قام به محمد علي باشا باسم شبشير طملاي ضمن قرى مديرية المنوفية.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان شبشير طملاي 7,954 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضا
 قائمة قرى محافظة المنوفية

مصادر

قرى منوف

شبشير طملاي


أشخاص

 حورية
  حورية عايشي، مغنية جزائرية.
  حورية بوتلجة، امرأة سياسية جزائرية.
  حورية نياتي، فنانة جزائرية.
  حورية ميسوم، إعلامية جزائرية.
  حورية الخمليشي، كاتبة وناقدة وباحثة أكاديمية مغربية.
  السيدة حورية، صالحة مصرية.
  حورية فرغلي، ممثلة مصرية.

ثقافة

  أومك حورية، طبق طعام تونسي.

متفرقات

 حورية (حشرات)
 حورية (ميثولوجيا إغريقية)
 حورية البحر
 حورية جبلية

انظر أيضا

 حورية البحر (توضيح)
 حور (توضيح)
 حوار (توضيح)

أسماء إناث عربية
أسماء شخصية
صفحات توضيح أسماء أماكن

حورية (توضيح)


Gabriele Herzog (* 18. März 1948 in Leipzig) ist eine deutsche Schriftstellerin, Hörspiel- und Drehbuchautorin.

Leben

Herzog ist Diplom-Theaterwissenschaftlerin und arbeitete nach dem Studium in Leipzig als Dramaturgin am Landestheater Halle. 1973 bis 1990 war sie als Dramaturgin und Drehbuchautorin im DEFA-Studio für Spielfilme tätig, von 1991 bis 2002 als Dramaturgin, Produzentin und Autorin bei privaten Filmproduktionsfirmen. Seit 2003 ist sie freischaffende Drehbuchautorin und lebt in Stahnsdorf.

Die Veröffentlichung ihres Romans Keine Zeit für Beifall, der den mutigen Widerstand gegen den Abriss der Paulinerkirche auf dem Leipziger Karl-Marx-Platz beschreibt, wurde in der DDR  seit seiner Fertigstellung 1984 immer wieder hinausgezögert, bis er 1990 endlich erschien und im Wendetrubel keine Beachtung fand. Der größte Teil der Auflage wurde wohl vernichtet.

Gabriele Herzog war mit dem Dramaturgen und Hochschullehrer Gerd Gericke (1935–2021) verheiratet, gemeinsam haben sie einen Sohn.

Werke

Bücher
 1985: Das Mädchen aus dem Fahrstuhl. Roman, Verlag Neues Leben, Berlin (ausgezeichnet mit dem Debütpreis des Verlages)
 1990: Keine Zeit für Beifall. Roman, Verlag Neues Leben, Berlin

DEFA-Spielfilmdrehbücher und -Szenarien
 1988: Das Herz des Piraten. (nach dem Kinderbuch von Benno Pludra), Regie: Jürgen Brauer
 1991: Das Mädchen aus dem Fahrstuhl (Drehbuch nach ihrem Roman), Regie: Herrmann Zschoche
 1992: Ein Elefant im Krankenhaus. (Drehbuch nach ihrem Hörspiel), Regie: Karola Hattop

Filmdramaturgie
 1975: Philipp, der Kleine
 1976: Nelken in Aspik
 1983: Olle Henry
 1985: Gritta von Rattenzuhausbeiuns
 1985: Hälfte des Lebens
 1991: Der Tangospieler

Drehbücher für Fernsehfilme und Serien
 2001: Unser Papa, das Genie, ARD
 2002: Wie verliebt man seinen Vater?, MDR (nach dem Kinderbuch Les joues roses von Malika Ferdjoukh, mit Beate Pfeiffer)
 2004: Unter weißen Segeln – Urlaubsfahrt ins Glück, mit Alexander Schuller, Regie: Bernhard Stephan
 2009: Bleib bei mir, ARD (nach dem Roman "Dritte Sonnenblume links" von Christine Vogeley)
 Erste Begegnung, ZDF
 18 Folgen für die ARD-Serie Die Stein (zum Teil gemeinsam mit Scarlett Kleint)
 diverse Serienfolgen für ARD, ZDF und SAT1, u. a. für Notruf Hafenkante (mit Scarlett Kleint), In aller Freundschaft und Für alle Fälle Stefanie

Hörspiele (Auswahl)
 1983: Anton, Frieda und die neue Katze – Regie: Maritta Hübner (Kinderhörspiel/Kurzhörspiel aus der Reihe: Geschichten aus dem Hut – Rundfunk der DDR)
(alle für Deutschlandradio Berlin)
 1989: Der Elefant im Krankenhaus. (DDR-Kinderhörspielpreis 1990)
 1996: Andi. (Kinderhörspielpreis des MDR-Rundfunkrates 1989)
 1997: Die vertauschte Tante.
 2001: Mir geht es gut.
 2004: Hundediebe.
 Meine beste Freundin.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Dramaturg
Autor
Drehbuchautor
Hörspielautor
DDR-Literatur
Literatur (Deutsch)
Deutscher
DDR-Bürger
Geboren 1948
Frau

Gabriele Herzog


Stephen Van Rensselaer III (; November 1, 1764January 26, 1839) was an American landowner, businessman, militia officer, and politician. A graduate of Harvard College, at age 21, Van Rensselaer took control of Rensselaerswyck, his family's manor.  He developed the land by encouraging tenants to settle it and granting them perpetual leases at moderate rates, which enabled the tenants to use more of their capital to make their farms and businesses productive.

Active in politics as a Federalist, Van Rensselaer served in the New York State Assembly and New York State Senate, and as Lieutenant Governor of New York. After the demise of the Federalist Party, Van Rensselaer was a John Quincy Adams supporter and served in the United States House of Representatives for one partial term and three full ones. Van Rensselaer was a supporter of higher education; he served on the board of trustees for several schools and colleges and was the founder of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He was also a civic activist and philanthropist and was a founder of Albany's public library and the city's Institute of History & Arts.

Long active in the militia, Van Rensselaer attained the rank of major general; he commanded troops on the New York-Canada border during the War of 1812, but resigned his commission after defeat at the Battle of Queenston Heights. After Van Rensselaer's 1839 death, efforts by his sons to collect past due lease payments led to the Anti-Rent War, and the break up and sale of the manor.  As the heir to and then owner of one of the largest estates in New York, Van Rensselaer's holdings made him the tenth richest American of all time, based on the ratio of his fortune to contemporary GDP.

Early life
Van Rensselaer was born in New York City, the eldest child of Stephen van Rensselaer II, the ninth patroon of Rensselaerswyck, a large land grant in Upstate New York awarded to his ancestor Kiliaen Van Rensselaer by the Dutch Republic when the region was part of the colony of New Netherland. His mother was Catharina Livingston, daughter of Philip Livingston, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. His family was very wealthy, and the Van Rensselaer Manor House was a rich childhood environment for the young boy to grow up in. However, his father died in 1769 when Van Rensselaer was only five.

Van Rensselaer was raised by his mother and stepfather, the Rev. Eilardus Westerlo, whom his mother married in 1775, and his Livingston grandfather. His uncle, Abraham Ten Broeck, administered the Van Rensselaer estate after the untimely death of Van Rensselaer's father. From an early age, Van Rensselaer was raised to succeed his father as lord of the manor. Stephen's younger brother Philip S. Van Rensselaer (1767–1824), later served as Mayor of Albany from 1799 to 1816 and again from 1819 to 1820.

Van Rensselaer began attending the College of New Jersey (later Princeton); since it was near to battles of the ongoing American Revolution, he was later sent to Harvard College, from which he graduated Phi Beta Kappa with an A.B. degree in 1782.

Early career
On his 21st birthday, Van Rensselaer took possession of Rensselaerswyck, his family's 1,200 square mile (3,072 km2) estate, and began a long tenure as lord of the manor. Van Rensselaer desired to profit from the land, but was extremely reluctant to sell it off.  Instead, he developed the land by granting perpetual leases at moderate rates; Van Rensselaer derived a steady rental income from his property, while tenants were able to become successful farmers without having to pay a large purchase price up front. This meant that they could invest more in their operations, which led to increased productivity in the area. Over time, Van Rensselaer became landlord to more than 80,000 tenants. He generally proved to be a lenient landlord; he accepted produce such as grain and firewood in place of cash for rent payments, and when tenants found themselves in financial difficulty, he usually preferred to accept late or partial payments rather than evict them.  One facet of the leases Van Rensselaer granted was the "quarter-sale"—tenants who sold their leases were required to pay Van Rensselaer one fourth of the sale price or one additional year's rent.  Over time, this requirement became a point of contention between Van Rensselaer and the tenants, which in part led to the Anti-Rent War.

In the 1790 United States census, it was recorded that he owned fifteen slaves. By the time of the 1830 census, he had none, in keeping with New York's gradual emancipation law, under which all enslaved people in the state were freed by 1827.  Van Rensselaer later became an advocate of enabling African Americans to emigrate to colonies in Africa, such as Liberia, and he served as a vice president of the Albany Auxiliary Society and the American Colonization Society.

In 1791, Van Rensselaer was one of the incorporators of the Albany Library, which evolved over time into the Albany Public Library, and he was chosen to serve on the board of trustees.  In 1797, Van Rensselaer was an organizer of the Albany and Schenectady Turnpike Company, and served on its board of directors.

Political career
A Federalist, Van Rensselaer was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1789 to 1791, and the New York State Senate from 1791 to 1796.

He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1795 to 1801, elected with Governor John Jay. Van Rensselaer, over his time in politics, acquired a reputation as something of a reformer, voting in favor of extending suffrage and going against much of New York's upper class in doing so.  In 1801, Van Rensselaer presided over the state constitutional convention, was the Federalist nominee for Governor of New York, and lost to George Clinton, 24,808 votes to 20,843.

He was one of the first to advocate for a canal from the Hudson River to the Great Lakes and was appointed to a commission to investigate the route in 1810, reporting favorably to the Assembly in 1811. Van Rensselaer served on the Erie Canal Commission for 23 years (1816–1839), fourteen of which he served as its president. In 1821, he was a member of the New York State Constitutional Convention.

In 1822, he won the special election for the seat in the House of Representatives from which his cousin Solomon had resigned.  He served from February 27, 1822, to March 3, 1829, during the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Congresses; during the last three sessions, he was the chairman of the Committee on Agriculture.

Role in deciding 1824 presidential election
In 1825 Van Rensselaer cast the vote that likely decided the presidential election in favor of John Quincy Adams.  Because none of the four candidates received a majority of electoral votes in the 1824 presidential election, the U.S. House had to choose from the top three finishers—Adams, Andrew Jackson, and William H. Crawford.  House members voted first individually by state, and then each state cast one ballot for the candidate who received a majority of the state's House delegation; a candidate had to carry 13 state delegations to win the election. Van Rensselaer had intended to vote for Crawford, but changed his mind and voted for Adams.  His vote gave Adams a majority of the New York delegation; winning New York gave Adams 13 states in the House vote, to seven for Jackson and four for Crawford.

Military career
In 1786, Van Rensselaer was appointed a major in the Albany County Regiment of the New York Militia. He became commander of the regiment two years later as a lieutenant colonel, and was subsequently promoted to colonel.  In 1801 he was promoted to major general as commander of the state militia's cavalry division.

War of 1812
Van Rensselaer's militia experience led to an appointment to command troops during the War of 1812. When war was declared on Great Britain in June 1812, Van Rensselaer was a leading Federalist candidate for Governor of New York. Democratic-Republican Party leaders, including President James Madison and incumbent New York Governor Daniel D. Tompkins, devised a way to remove Van Rensselaer from the campaign by offering him command of the Army of the Centre—U.S. militia and regular Army troops massing in upstate New York for an invasion of Canada. If Van Rensselaer declined a military leadership role during a time of war, he would lose esteem in the eyes of the voters. If he accepted, he would likely be unable to run for governor.

Van Rensselaer accepted; despite having held high rank in the militia, he was largely inexperienced at leading large bodies of troops.  As a condition of his acceptance, his cousin Solomon, who had more military experience, was appointed his aide-de-camp. But the Army of the Centre consisted largely of untrained, inexperienced militiamen; under the Constitution, which stressed that the role of the militia was to enforce laws, prevent insurrection, and repel invasion, they did not have to cross into Canada to fight.

The British were in the process of fortifying the Queenston Heights that Van Rensselaer would have to attack, and his officers were itching for action despite their general's desire to delay until his troops were better trained and organized. To make matters worse, Brigadier General Alexander Smyth, Van Rensselaer's subordinate, had a large force of regular Army troops that was theoretically under Van Rensselaer's command, but Smyth refused to subordinate himself to a militia officer. With some of his officers planning to try and force him from command, Van Rensselaer decided to act without Smyth.

On October 13, 1812, Van Rensselaer launched an attack on the British position that would evolve into the Battle of Queenston Heights.  Though initially successful, Van Rensselaer's inadequate preparations and his plan of attack were clearly main reasons for what became a major defeat. He was unable to secure the element of surprise, he did not procure enough boats for his men to cross the Niagara River easily, and he was even unable to supply his soldiers with sufficient ammunition. Despite significantly outnumbering the British in the early stages of the battle, the American soldiers, untried and untrained, sometimes refused to cross to the Canadian side of the river. Once the tide of the battle turned, Van Rensselaer was not even able to coax the boatmen into going back over to rescue the doomed attack force.  His forces were badly beaten by British troops under generals Isaac Brock and, after Brock's death, Roger Hale Sheaffe.

The defeat at Queenston Heights spelled the end to Van Rensselaer's active military career; after the battle, he resigned his post.  He continued to serve in the militia and was the senior major general in the state at the time of his death.  Despite his military setback, Van Rensselaer was still the Federalist candidate for governor in April 1813; he lost to Tompkins 43,324 votes to 39,713.

Later career

After the war, Van Rensselaer continued his service on the Erie Canal Commission, and between 1820 and 1823 commissioned an agricultural and geological survey of the canal's surroundings, at his own expense. He also held many significant posts after the war. In 1820, he was elected president of the state Board of Agriculture.  Also in 1820, he was an incorporator of the Albany Savings Bank, and was elected to serve as the bank's president.

In 1824, Van Rensselaer was one of the organizers of the Albany Institute, and was elected its president.  This organization later merged with another to form the Albany Institute of History & Art.  He was also active in the American Lyceum organization, and served as its president.

When the New York Life Insurance and Trust Company received its corporate charter from the State of New York in 1830, Van Rensselaer was an original incorporator, and he went on to serve as a member of the company's board of directors.  New York Life Insurance and Trust operated until 1922, when it merged with the Bank of New York to become the Bank of New York & Trust Company.

Following the 1834 death in France of the Marquis de Lafayette, Van Rensselaer was appointed marshal for the Albany-area commemorations.  He led the parade of militia members, fire fighters, Revolutionary War veterans and others, which culminated in speeches and a eulogy by William Buell Sprague.

Higher education advocate
Van Rensselaer was elected one of the members of the Williams College Corporation in 1794.

In 1812, Van Rensselaer took part in the incorporation of Albany's Lancaster School, an institution dedicated to providing an education for children whose parents could not afford to send them to school, and he served on the school's board of trustees.  In 1813, Van Rensselaer was one of the organizers of The Albany Academy, and was chosen to serve as the first president of the school's board of trustees.

Van Rensselaer was a member of the University of the State of New York Board of Regents from 1819 to 1839, and from 1835 to 1839 he was the board's chancellor.

In 1824 Van Rensselaer and Amos Eaton established the Rensselaer School (now known as Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or RPI) "for the purpose of instructing persons, who may choose to apply themselves, in the application of science to the common purposes of life". Since its founding, RPI has developed a reputation for academic excellence, particularly in the field of engineering.

From 1829 to 1839, Van Rensselaer served as a member of the Rutgers College board of trustees.

Religious activities
Van Rensselaer was long active in the Dutch Reformed Church; he served several terms as a deacon and elder of the First Reformed Church in Albany, and attended numerous synod meetings and similar gatherings as a delegate.  He was active in the American Home Missionary Society, and served as the organization's president in the 1820s.  In 1834, he donated a lot at the corner of Green and South Ferry Streets in Albany for construction of the Third Reformed Church.  For many years, Van Rensselaer was a member of the Albany Bible Society, and he served on its board of managers.  He was also active on the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and served as vice president.

Masonic Grand Master
Van Rensselaer was an active Mason beginning early in his adulthood; from 1825 to 1829 he served as the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New York.  His leadership of the statewide organization coincided with the rise of the Anti-Masonic Party in Western New York, and Van Rensselaer forged an alliance with the Democrats of the Albany Regency led by Martin Van Buren and Enos T. Throop as a way to blunt the political influence of the Anti-Masons.

Personal life
Several members of Van Rensselaer's extended family served in Congress including Jeremiah Van Rensselaer (1741–1810), Killian K. Van Rensselaer (1763–1845), and Solomon Van Rensselaer (1774–1852).

In June 1783, Van Rensselaer married Margarita "Peggy" Schuyler (1758–1801), a distant cousin and the daughter of Revolutionary War general Philip Schuyler, and sister-in-law of Alexander Hamilton. Their marriage resulted in three children, all of whom were baptized at the First Dutch Reformed Church in Albany. Only one of their children survived to adulthood:

 Catherine Schuyler Van Rensselaer (1784–1797), who died young
 Stephen Van Rensselaer (1786–1787), who died young
 Stephen Van Rensselaer IV (1789–1868), inherited the east side of Rensselaerwyck and inherited the manor in 1839 by his father's will. He graduated from Princeton in 1808. He served as major general of militia. During the anti-rent troubles in 1839 he sold his townships, and at his death the manor passed out of the hands of his descendants.

After Schuyler's death in 1801, in 1802 Van Rensselaer married Cornelia Bell Paterson, the daughter of William Paterson. Together, they had:

 Catherine Van Rensselaer (1803–1874), who married Gouverneur Morris Wilkins (d. 1871)
 William Paterson Van Rensselaer (1805–1872), who married Eliza Bayard Rogers (1811–1835), and after her death, her sister, Sarah Rogers (1810–1887), both were granddaughters of William Bayard Jr.
 Philip Stephen Van Rensselaer (1806–1871), who married Mary Rebecca Tallmadge (1817–1872), daughter of James Tallmadge Jr.
 Cortlandt Van Rensselaer (1808–1860), a noted Presbyterian clergyman.
 Henry Bell Van Rensselaer (1810–1864), a politician and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, who married Elizabeth Ray King, a granddaughter of Rufus King.
 Cornelia Paterson Van Rensselaer (1812–1890), who married Robert James Turnbull Jr. (1807–1854), son of Robert James Turnbull.
 Alexander Van Rensselaer (1814–1878), who married Mary Howland, daughter of merchant Samuel Shaw Howland, in 1851. In 1864, he married Louisa Barnewell.
 Euphemia White Van Rensselaer (1816–1888), who married John Church Cruger (1807–1879)
 Westerlo Van Rensselaer (1820–1844), who died aged 24.

Van Rensselaer died in New York City on January 26, 1839. He was buried in a family cemetery at the Van Rensselaer Manor House, and was later reinterred at Albany Rural Cemetery, Section 14, Lot 1.

Descendants

His granddaughter, Justine Van Rensselaer (1828–1912), married Dr. Howard Townsend, a noted physician at Albany Medical College. His grandson, Stephen Van Rensselaer Cruger married Julia Grinnell Storrow, a popular American novelist.

His great-grandson was John Eliot Thayer (1862–1933), an amateur ornithologist. His great-granddaughter, Cornelia Van Rensselaer Thayer (1849–1903) married J. Hampden Robb (1846–1911), a New York State Senator, in 1868. Their daughter—Van Rensselaer's 2x great-granddaughter, Cornelia Van Rensselaer Thayer (b. 1881)—married Danish Count Carl Moltke (1869–1935) in 1907.

Through his great-grandson, Stephen Van Rensselaer Crosby (1868–1959), he was the 2x great-grandfather of Henry Sturgis Crosby (1898–1929), a bon vivant, poet, and publisher who for some epitomized the Lost Generation in American literature, who was married to Mary Phelps Jacob (1891–1970).

Through his son Henry Bell Van Rensselaer and Henry's granddaughter Julia Floyd Delafield, Stephen Van Rensselaer was the great-great-grandfather of Floyd Crosby (1899–1985) and great-great-great grandfather of David Crosby and Jane Wyatt.

Legacy and honors
With his net worth estimated at more than $100 billion in modern dollars, Van Rensselaer is counted in the top ten of the richest individuals in United States history.

The town of Stephentown, New York is named for Stephen Van Rensselaer.

In 1791, Van Rensselaer was elected as an honorary member of the New York Society of the Cincinnati.  In 1822, he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Yale University.  In 1998, the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Alumni Hall of Fame inducted Van Rensselaer as a member.

See also
 Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin
 Henri de Saint-Simon
 Saint-Simonianism
 War of 1812
 List of richest Americans in history

References

Sources

External links

Stephen Van Rensselaer III biography from the New York State Museum
HISTORY OF THE ALBANY INSTITUTE
New York history with election result 1813
Van Rensselaer's explanation to Gen. Dearborn as to why the Americans lost the Battle of Queenston

1764 births
1839 deaths
Politicians from New York City
People of the Province of New York
Stephen III
Schuyler family
American people of Dutch descent
Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
National Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
Lieutenant Governors of New York (state)
Members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) state senators
Erie Canal Commissioners
American Freemasons
People from Capital District (New York)
Harvard College alumni
University and college founders
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
American militia generals
American militiamen in the War of 1812
Burials at Albany Rural Cemetery
Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves

Stephen Van Rensselaer