Margaret Mary Day Lockwood, CBE (15 September 1916 – 15 July 1990), was an English actress. One of Britain's most popular film stars of the 1930s and 1940s, her film appearances included The Lady Vanishes (1938), Night Train to Munich (1940), The Man in Grey (1943), and The Wicked Lady (1945). She was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Actress for the 1955 film Cast a Dark Shadow. She also starred in the television series Justice (1971–74).

Early life
Lockwood was born on 15 September 1916 in Karachi, British India, to Henry Francis Lockwood, an English administrator of a railway company, and his third wife, Scottish-born Margaret Eveline Waugh. She returned to England in 1920 with her mother, brother Lyn and half-brother Frank. Her half-sister Fay joined them the following year, but her father remained in Karachi, visiting them infrequently. She also had another half-brother, John, from her father's first marriage, brought up by his mother in Britain. Lockwood attended Sydenham High School for girls and a ladies' school in Kensington, London.

She began studying for the stage at an early age at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts, and made her debut in 1928, at the age of 12, at the Holborn Empire where she played a fairy in A Midsummer Night's Dream. In December of the following year, she appeared at the Scala Theatre in the pantomime The Babes in the Wood. In 1932 she appeared at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in Cavalcade.

Career

In 1933, Lockwood enrolled at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, where she was seen by a talent scout and signed to a contract. In June 1934 she played Myrtle in House on Fire at the Queen's Theatre, and on 22 August 1934 appeared as Margaret Hamilton in Gertrude Jenning's play Family Affairs when it premiered at the Ambassadors Theatre; Helene Ferber in Repayment at the Arts Theatre in January 1936; Trixie Drew in Henry Bernard's play Miss Smith at the Duke of York's Theatre in July 1936; and back at the Queen's in July 1937 as Ann Harlow in Ann's Lapse.

Films
Lockwood entered films in 1934, and in 1935 she appeared in the film version of Lorna Doone. For this, British Lion put her under contract for £500 a year for the first year, going up to £750 a year for the second year.

For British Lion she was in The Case of Gabriel Perry (1935), then was in Honours Easy (1935) with Greta Nissen and Man of the Moment (1935) with Douglas Fairbanks Jnr. These were standard ingénue roles. She was the female love interest in Midshipman Easy (1935), directed by Carol Reed, who would become crucial to Lockwood's career. She had the lead in Someday (1935), a quota quickie directed by Michael Powell and in Jury's Evidence (1936), directed by Ralph Ince.

Lockwood had a small role in The Amateur Gentleman (1936), another with Fairbanks. Her profile rose when she appeared opposite Maurice Chevalier in The Beloved Vagabond (1936)

She followed it with Irish for Luck (1936) and The Street Singer (1937). She had a small role in Who's Your Lady Friend? (1937), again for Carol Reed and was in Melody and Romance (1937).

Gaumont British
Gaumont British were making a film version of the novel Doctor Syn, starring George Arliss and Anna Lee with director Roy William Neill and producer Edward Black. Lee dropped out and was replaced by Lockwood. Lockwood so impressed the studio with her performance – particularly Black, who became a champion of hers – she signed a three-year contract with Gainsborough Pictures in June 1937. This was at £4,000 a year.

For Black and director Robert Stevenson she supported Will Fyffe in Owd Bob (1938), opposite John Loder.

British Stardom: Bank Holiday and The Lady Vanishes

Lockwood then had her best chance to-date, being given the lead in Bank Holiday, directed by Carol Reed and produced by Black. This movie was a hit and launched Lockwood as a star. She called it "my first really big picture... with a beautifully written script and a wonderful part for me." Gaumont increased her contract from three years to six.

Even more popular was her next movie, The Lady Vanishes, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, produced by Black and co-starring Michael Redgrave.  Lockwood called it "one of the films I have enjoyed most in all my career." Hitchcock was greatly impressed by Lockwood, telling the press:
She has an undoubted gift in expressing her beauty in terms of emotion, which is exceptionally well suited to the camera. Allied to this is the fact that she photographs more than normally easily, and has an extraordinary insight in getting the feel of her lines, to live within them, so to speak, as long as the duration of the picture lasts. It is not too much to expect that, in Margaret Lockwood, the British picture industry has a possibility of developing a star of hitherto un-anticipated possibilities.
She followed this with A Girl Must Live, a musical comedy about chorus girls for Black and Reed. It was one of a series of films made by Gaumont aimed at the US market. According to Filmink Lockwood's "speciality [now] was playing a bright young thing who got up to mischief, usually by accident rather than design, and she often got to drive the action."

American films
Gaumont British had distribution agreements with 20th Century Fox in the US and they expressed an interest in borrowing Lockwood for some films. She travelled to Los Angeles and was put to work supporting Shirley Temple in Susannah of the Mounties (1939), set in Canada, opposite Randolph Scott. She was borrowed by Paramount for Rulers of the Sea (1939), with Will Fyffe and Douglas Fairbanks Jr. Paramount indicated a desire to use Lockwood in more films but she decided to go home.

Return to Britain
Lockwood returned to Britain in June 1939. She was meant to make film versions of Rob Roy and The Blue Lagoon but both projects were cancelled with the advent of war. Instead, she played the role of Jenny Sunley, the self-centred, frivolous wife of Michael Redgrave's character in The Stars Look Down for Carol Reed. Lockwood later admitted "I was far from being reconciled to my role of the unpleasant girl and everyone treated me warily. But as the film progressed I found myself working with Carol Reed and Michael Redgrave again and gradually I was fascinated to see what I could put into the part."

She did another with Reed, Night Train to Munich (1940), an attempt to repeat the success of The Lady Vanishes with the same screenwriters (Launder and Gilliat) and characters of Charters and Caldicott. Rex Harrison was the male star. This started filming in November 1939.

She was meant to be reunited with Reed and Redgrave in The Girl in the News (1940) but Redgrave dropped out and was replaced by Barry K. Barnes: Black produced and Sidney Gilliat wrote the script. Quiet Wedding (1941) was a comedy directed by Anthony Asquith. She was meant to appear in Hatter's Castle but fell pregnant and had to drop out. Her return to acting was Alibi (1942), a thriller which she called "anything but a success... a bad film."

In September 1943 Variety estimated her salary at being US$24,000 per picture ().

Career peak

The Man in Grey
Lockwood was well established as a middle-tier name. What made her a front rank star was The Man in Grey (1943), the first of what would be known as the Gainsborough melodramas. Lockwood wanted to play the part of Clarissa, but producer Edward Black cast her as the villainous Hesther. She was featured alongside Phyllis Calvert, James Mason and Stewart Granger for director Leslie Arliss. The film was a massive hit, one of the biggest in 1943 Britain, and made all four lead actors into top stars – at the end of the year, exhibitors voted Lockwood the seventh most popular British star at the box office.

She appeared in two comedies for Black: Dear Octopus (1943) with Michael Wilding from a play by Dodie Smith, which Lockwood felt was a backward step and Give Us the Moon (1944), with Vic Oliver directed by Val Guest. Much more popular than either of these was another melodrama with Arliss and Granger, Love Story (1944), where she played a terminally ill pianist.

Lockwood was reunited with James Mason in A Place of One's Own (1945), playing a housekeeper possessed by the spirit of a dead girl, but the film was not a success. I'll Be Your Sweetheart (1945) was a musical with Guest and Vic Oliver.

The Wicked Lady
Lockwood had the biggest success of her career to-date with the title role in The Wicked Lady (1945), opposite Mason and Michael Rennie for director Arliss.  The film was the most popular movie at the British box office in 1946. In 1946, Lockwood gained the Daily Mail National Film Awards First Prize for most popular British film actress. However she was soon to suffer what has been called "a cold streak of poor films which few other stars have endured."

She was offered the role of Bianca in The Magic Bow but disliked the part and turned it down. Instead she was a murderess in Bedelia (1946), which did not perform as well, although it was popular in Britain.

Contract with Rank
In July 1946, Lockwood signed a six-year contract with Rank to make two movies a year. The first of these was Hungry Hill (1947), an expensive adaptation of the novel by Daphne du Maurier which was not the expected success at the box office.

More popular was Jassy (1947), the seventh biggest hit at the British box office in 1947. It was the last of "official" Gainsborough melodramas – the studio had come under the control of J. Arthur Rank who disliked the genre.

She was a warden in The White Unicorn (1947), a melodrama from the team of Harold Huth and John Corfield. Rank wanted to star her in a film about Mary Magdalene but Lockwood was unhappy with the script. She refused to appear in Roses for Her Pillow (which became Once Upon a Dream) and was put on suspension.  "I was sick of getting mediocre parts and poor scripts," she later wrote. "Since 1945 I had been sick of it... there had been little or no improvement to me in the films I was being offered."  She later said "I was having fun being a rebel."

During her suspension she went on a publicity tour for Rank. She also appeared in an acclaimed TV production of Pygmalion (1948). then went off suspension when she made a comedy for Corfield and Huth, Look Before You Love (1948).

Lockwood had a change of pace with the comedy Cardboard Cavalier (1949), with Lockwood playing Nell Gwyn opposite Sid Field. The film was a critical and box-office disappointment. "I was terribly distressed when I read the press notices of the film", wrote Lockwood.

That same year, Lockwood was announced to play Becky Sharp in a film adaptation of Vanity Fair but it was not made.

Lockwood was in the melodrama Madness of the Heart (1949), but the film was not a particular success. When a proposed film about Elisabeth of Austria was cancelled, she returned to the stage in a record-breaking national tour of Noël Coward's Private Lives (1949) and then played the title role in productions of J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan in 1949 and 1950. She also performed in a pantomime of Cinderella for the Royal Film performance with Jean Simmons; Lockwood called this "the jolliest show in which I have ever taken part."

She returned to film-making after an 18-month absence to star in Highly Dangerous (1950), a comic thriller in the vein of Lady Vanishes written expressly for her by Eric Ambler and directed by Roy Ward Baker. It was not popular. Rank was to put her in an adaptation of Ann Veronica by H. G. Wells but the film was postponed. She turned down the female lead in The Browning Version, and a proposed sequel to The Wicked Lady, The Wicked Lady's Daughter, was never made.

Eventually her contract with Rank ended and she played Eliza Doolittle in George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion at the Edinburgh Festival of 1951.

Herbert Wilcox
In 1952, Lockwood signed a two picture a year contract with Herbert Wilcox at $112,000 a year, making her the best paid actress in British films. Lockwood said Wilcox and his wife Anna Neagle promised from signing the contract "I was never allowed to forget that I was a really bright and dazzling star on their horizon. They were going to look after me as no one else had done before. They did. And I loved it."

The association began well with Trent's Last Case (1952) with Michael Wilding and Orson Welles which was popular. She appeared on TV in Ann Veronica and another TV adaptation of the Shaw play Captain Brassbound's Conversion (1953).

Her next two films for Wilcox were commercial disappointments: Laughing Anne (1953) and Trouble in the Glen (1954). She made no more films with Wilcox who called her "a director's joy who can shade a performance or a character with computer accuracy" but admitted their collaboration "did not come off."

Lockwood returned to the stage in Spider's Web (1954) by Agatha Christie, expressly written for her.

She then appeared in a thriller, Cast a Dark Shadow (1955) with Dirk Bogarde for director Lewis Gilbert. Gilbert later said "It was reasonably successful, but, by then, Margaret had been in several really bad films and her name on a picture was rather counter-productive."

Later career

Television
As her popularity waned in the post war years, she returned to occasional performances on the West End stage and appeared on television; her television debut was in 1948 when she played Eliza Doolittle.

She was in a BBC adaptation of Christie's Spider's Web (1955), Janet Green's Murder Mistaken (1956), Dodie Smith's Call It a Day (1956) and Arnold Bennett's The Great Adventure (1958).

She had the lead in a TV series The Royalty (1957–1958) and appeared regularly on TV anthology series. She played an aging West End star attempting a comeback in The Human Jungle with Herbert Lom (1965). She starred in another series The Flying Swan (1965).

Later career
Her subsequent long-running West End hits include an all-star production of Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband (1965–66, in which she played the villainous Mrs Cheveley), W. Somerset Maugham's Lady Frederick (1970), Relative Values (Noël Coward revival, 1973) and the thrillers Signpost to Murder (1962) and Double Edge (1975).

In 1969 she starred as barrister Julia Stanford in the TV play Justice is a Woman. This inspired the Yorkshire Television series Justice, which ran for three seasons (39 episodes) from 1971 to 1974, and featured her real-life partner, John Stone, as fictional boyfriend Dr Ian Moody. Lockwood's role as the feisty Harriet Peterson won her Best Actress Awards from the TV Times (1971) and The Sun (1973). In 1975, film director Bryan Forbes persuaded her out of an apparent retirement from feature films to play the role of the Stepmother in her last feature film The Slipper and the Rose. This film also included the final appearance of Edith Evans and one of the later appearances of Kenneth More.

Her last professional appearance was as Queen Alexandra in Royce Ryton's stage play Motherdear (Ambassadors Theatre, 1980).

Margaret Lockwood was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1981 New Year Honours.

A Margaret Lockwood performance was apparently the inspiration for Sean Pertwee's death scene in the 2002 film Dog Soldiers. When asked about this, he referred to the foul grimace her character Julia Stanford readily expressed in the TV play Justice Is a Woman.

She was the subject on an episode of This Is Your Life in December 1963. She was a guest on the BBC radio show Desert Island Discs on 25 April 1951.

Personal life and death
Lockwood married Rupert Leon in 1937; they divorced in 1950. She lived her final years in seclusion in Kingston upon Thames, dying on 15 July 1990 at the Cromwell Hospital, Kensington, London, from cirrhosis of the liver, aged 73. Her body was cremated at Putney Vale Crematorium. She was survived by her daughter, the actress Julia Lockwood (née Margaret Julia Leon, 1941–2019).

Filmography

Unmade films
adaptation of Rob Roy (1939) with Will Fyffe and Michael Redgrave
adaptation of The Blue Lagoon (1939) with Richard Greene
The Reluctant Widow – announced 1946
Mary Magdalene written by Clemence Dane – Lockwood said she was "really looking forward" to making the film in 1947.
Trial for Murder (1940s) – proposed Hollywood film from Mark Robson

Theatre credits
Family Affairs by Gertrude Jennings (1934)
Spider's Web
Subway in the Sky (March 1957)

Awards
1946 – Daily Mail National Film Awards Most Outstanding British actress during the war years
1947 – Daily Mail National Film Awards Best Film Actress of the year
1948 – Daily Mail National Film Awards Best Film Actress of the year in Jassy
1955 – BAFTA nomination for Best British Actress in Cast a Dark Shadow
1961 – Daily Mirror Television Award.
1971 – TV Times. Best Actress Award
1973 – The Sun. Best Actress Award

Box-office popularity
Various polls of exhibitors consistently listed Lockwood among the most popular stars of her era:
 1943 – 7th most popular British star in Britain
 1944 – 6th most popular British star in Britain
 1945 – 3rd most popular British star in Britain (Phyllis Calvert was 5th)
 1946 – 10th most popular star in Australia, 3rd most popular star and 2nd most popular British star in Britain
 1947 – 4th most popular star and 3rd most popular British star in Britain
 1948 – 3rd most popular star and 2nd most popular British star in Britain, most popular female star in Canada
 1949 – 5th most popular British star in Britain

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Stage performances in University of Bristol Theatre Archive
 Photographs of Margaret Lockwood
.
Photos of Margaret Lockwood at Silver Sirens
The Margaret Lockwood Society

1916 births
1990 deaths
English people of Scottish descent
Actresses from London
People educated at the Arts Educational Schools
Alumni of RADA
Burials at Putney Vale Cemetery
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Deaths from cirrhosis
English film actresses
English stage actresses
English television actresses
People educated at Sydenham High School
20th-century English actresses
Actresses from Karachi
British people in colonial India
People from Karachi

Margaret Lockwood


Alcona may refer to:

Alcona, a railway flag stop in Sioux Lookout, Kenora District, Ontario, Canada
Alcona, a community in Innisfil, Ontario, Canada
Alcona Township, Township 5, Rooks County, Kansas, U.S.
Alcona, Kansas,
Alcona County, Michigan, U.S.
Alcona Township, Michigan
Alcona, Michigan, an unincorporated community in Haynes Township

See also

Algoma (disambiguation)
Alcona Dam

Henry Schoolcraft neologisms

Alcona


Crown Prosecution Service este principala agenție de urmărire penală publică pentru desfășurarea urmăririi penale în Anglia și Țara Galilor. Este condus de Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).

Principalele sale responsabilități sunt de a oferi consultanță juridică poliției și altor agenții de anchetă în cursul urmăririi penale, pentru a decide dacă un suspect ar trebui să se confrunte cu acuzații penale, în urma unei investigații și de a efectua urmărirea penală, atât în Magistrates' court cât și în Crown Court.

Procurorul General pentru Anglia și Țara Galilor supraveghează activitatea CPS și răspunde pentru aceasta în Parlament, deși procurorul nu are nici o influență asupra modului urmăririi penale, cu excepția cazului în care securitatea națională este o problemă sau pentru un număr mic de infracțiuni, care necesită permisiunea procurorului general pentru a începe urmărirea penală.

Referințe

Legături externe

Her Majesty's Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate website

Urmărire penala
Procurori
Departamentele non-ministeriale ale guvernului Regatului Unit

Crown Prosecution Service


Tróndur Sverri Patursson (fæddur 1. mars 1944 í Kirkjubæ) er færeyskur listamaður, myndhöggvari, sæfari og ævintýramaður. Hann lærði list í Kaupmannahöfn og Osló. Árið 1976 slóst hann í för með ævintýramanninum og sagnfræðingnum Tim Severin yfir Atlantshaf á frumstæðum bát.

List hans prýðir ýmsar kirkjur í Færeyjum og hefur hann haldið sýningar um heiminn. Hringtorgið á Austureyjargöngunum sem opnuð voru 2020 er prýtt af list Trónds. Hann var heiðraður af Mentanarvirðisløn Landsins árið 2014.

Tenglar
Heimasíða

Færeyskir listamenn
Fólk fætt árið 1944

Tróndur Patursson


Die katholische Kirche St. Johannes Baptist ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Kirchengebäude in Gimborn, einem Ortsteil von Marienheide im Oberbergischen Kreis (Nordrhein-Westfalen). Sie war bis Ende 2009 Pfarrkirche der Pfarrgemeinde Gimborn/Nochen, die im Januar 2010 in die Pfarrgemeinde Marienheide eingegliedert wurde.

Geschichte und Architektur

Der Vorgängerbau war im Kern romanisch und diente gleichzeitig als Schlosskapelle. Er war ein gedrungener Bau mit Westturm. Der Chor und das Langhaus waren gotisch verändert. Nach alten Aufzeichnungen war die Kirche mit fünf Altären und einer Gerkammer ausgestattet. Das Gebäude wurde wohl auch als Wehrkirche genutzt, es war an einen Steilhang gebaut und stand inmitten eines ummauerten Friedhofs. Die Gemeinde wurde 1536 von Gummersbach abgepfarrt.

Die jetzige dreischiffige neugotische Hallenkirche mit nach innen gezogenen Strebepfeilern wurde 1867 nach Plänen von Vincenz Statz aus unverputztem Quadermauerwerk anstelle des Vorgängerbaus errichtet. Gestiftet wurde sie von den Grafen von Stolberg. Das herrschaftliche Oratorium und die Sakristei befinden sich am dreiseitig geschlossenen Chor, der mit einem Dachreiter bekrönt ist. Der dreischiffigen, vierjochig gewölbten Halle ist der Westturm vorgelagert. Im Innenraum ruhen auf schlanken Granitsäulen Kreuzgratgewölbe, der Chor ist rippengewölbt. Das Glasgemälde im Chor stiftete 1917 die Familie von Fürstenberg.

Ausstattung

Hochaltar
Der Hochaltar mit einem dreiteiligen Aufsatz wurde um 1867 angefertigt. In ihn ist der Tabernakel integriert. Im oberen Teil sind biblische Szenen zu sehen. Oberhalb des Tabernakels steht eine Kreuzigungsgruppe, sie zeigt Jesus am Kreuz, Frauen sowie Gott den Vater und den Heiligen Geist. Auf der linken Seite ist eine Szene aus dem Lukasevangelium zu sehen, auf der Rechten ist die Taufe Jesu durch Johannes den Täufer dargestellt.

Zelebrationsaltar und Ambo
Der Zelebrationsaltar wurde der Ausstattung im Dezember 2008 zugefügt. Zuvor wurde ein provisorischer Altar aus Holz benutzt. Der neue Altar stand ursprünglich in der Kirche St. Barbara in Hürth-Gleuel, die 2005 profaniert wurde. Ein weiterer Altar aus der Kirche wurde zum Ambo umgebaut. So bilden Zelebrationsaltar und Ambo eine Einheit.

Marienaltar
Der linke Seitenaltar zeigt Maria mit dem Kind. Er wurde von Cajus Graf Stolberg zu Stolberg und seiner Frau Marie Sophie Reichsfreiin von Löe, einer Nichte des Grafen Paul von Merveldt, gestiftet. Unter der Marienfigur befindet sich das Allianzwappen der beiden Familien.

Johannesaltar
Der rechte Seitenaltar wurde 2009 dem hl. Johannes Baptist geweiht. Der Kirchenpatron wird mit erhobenem Zeigefinger in der Gestalt eines Bußpredigers gezeigt. Johannes steht auf einem Aufsatz aus Holz auf dem Steinaltar, in den der Tabernakel integriert ist. Auf der Vorderseite des Altares ist die Opferung Isaaks zu sehen.

Taufbecken
Das Taufbecken steht neben dem Johannesaltar. Der Sockel ist aus Lindlarer Sandstein gearbeitet. Der Babesterschaft ist mit 1753 bezeichnet. Das Original der Schale war zersprungen und wurde gemäß dem Vorbild ersetzt. Der Deckel wurde im 19. Jahrhundert zugefügt. Der Rand ist mit J.J. Bleissemin, Köln beschriftet. Die achteckige Schale steht für die sieben Tage der Woche und die Auferstehung Jesu.

Epitaph

In die innere Seitenwand, links von Marienaltar, ist das Epitaph der Familie von Schwarzenberg eingebaut. Die 230 cm hohe und 186 cm breite Arbeit wurde aus Sandstein gehauen. Zu sehen ist Graf Adam von Schwarzenberg, kniend vor der Muttergottes. Unter dem Helm befindet sich das Wappen der Familie mit dem Michaels-Orden, der 1612 verliehen wurde. Das Epitaph stammt aus der Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts.

Kirchenfenster

Früher befand sich im Mittelfenster des Chores ein Glasgemälde, es zeigte die hl. Johannes und Maria, darunter die Stifterwappen. Die Wappen des Grafen Alfred Stolberg zu Stolberg und seiner Frau Gräfin von Arc-Zinneberg sind erhalten, sie sind in das Fenster links vom Altar integriert. Auf der rechten Seite ist ein Fenster zum Gedenken an die Gefallenen des Ersten Weltkrieges zu sehen. Es stellt die schmerzhafte Mutter dar. Drei weitere Fenster befinden sich hinter dem Altar. Sie wurden von Wilhelm Remmes und H. Reuter entworfen.

Figuren

Die Figur der Maria Salome von Galiläa vom Anfang des 16. Jahrhunderts ist 94 cm hoch. Die niederrheinische vollplastische Figur zeigt eine Frau am Grab des Jesus mit einem Salbengefäß.

Die Holzfigur der hl. Barbara ist 112 cm hoch, sie ist auf das Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts datiert. Die vollplastische Figur ist hinten abgeflacht. In den Händen hält sie einen Kelch mit Hostie und einen Turm mit drei Fenstern.

Eine Eichenholzfigur aus der Zeit um 1490 mit einer Höhe von 88 cm stellt den hl. Antonius Eremit dar. Das Bodenbrett wurde erneuert, der Rücken ist ausgehöhlt.

Die Figur des Johannes Baptist ist aus Holz und 130 cm groß, sie wurde am Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts in Köln geschnitzt. Die vollplastische Figur ist auf der Rückseite ein wenig abgeflacht. Er ist mit einem Fellgewand, einem Kreuzband und einem Lamm an seiner Seite dargestellt. Auf dem Spruchband ist zu lesen Ecce Agnus Dei (siehe, das Lamm Gottes).

Die Figuren von Gott dem Vater und Gott Sohn stehen rechts und links vom Hochaltar. Sie stammen von einem verschollenen Dreifaltigkeitsaltar. Die vollplastischen Figuren haben eine Höhe von 95 cm, sie wurden im 18. Jahrhundert angefertigt.

Johannesschüssel

Die Johannesschüssel ist aus Holz gearbeitet, sie hat eine Höhe von 94 cm und stammt vom Anfang des 16. Jahrhunderts. Früher hing sie in der Sakristei, derzeit befindet sie sich rechts vom Altar.

Orgel

Die Orgel wurde 1897 von der Orgelbaufirma A. Sauermann aus Frielingsdorf eingebaut. Das Instrument mit Kegelladen ist mit zwölf Registern ausgestattet. Von Sauermann stammt wohl auch das neugotische Gehäuse. Nach mehrmaligen erfolglosen Reparaturversuchen baute die  Firma Klais die Orgel um. Der Spieltisch wurde freigestellt. Nach größeren Schäden wurde das Instrument 1986 generalüberholt, und zuletzt 2018 von der Firma Klais (Bonn) restauriert. Das Instrument hat zwölf Register auf zwei Manualwerken und Pedal und pneumatische Trakturen.

 Koppeln: II/I (auch als Sub- und Superoctavkoppeln) I/P, II/P
 Spielhilfen: Feste Kombination Tutti, Rohrwerkeabsteller

Glocken
Im Turm von St. Johannes Baptist hängt ein dreistimmiges Geläut mit zwei mittelalterlichen Glocken.

Die älteste Glocke ist die Marienglocke. Sie hat einen Durchmesser von 66 cm und ist etwa 700 kg schwer. Gegossen wurde sie um 1320 (möglicherweise auch schon vorher). Die Inschrift ist in Unzialmajuskeln. Die Glocke wurde in einer Übergangsrippe von Zuckerhut zur Gotischen Dreiklangrippe gegossen und ist mit Siegeln verziert.

Zweitälteste Glocke ist die  Johannesglocke. Sie hat einen Durchmesser von 91 cm und ein Gewicht von 550 kg. Die Glocke ist auf den Ton b gestimmt. Geweiht ist sie den vier Evangelisten. Gegossen wurde sie am 7. September 1346 von Johann von Treveres. Die Inschrift am Hals in gotischen Minuskeln ist von aufgelegten Schnüren eingefasst. Diese Glocke gilt als ältestes Beispiel einer Glocke mit gotischen Minuskeln im Bergischen Land.

Die Elisabethglocke mit einem Durchmesser von 99 cm ist 650 kg schwer, sie ist auf den Ton g gestimmt. Sie wurde 1824 von Georg Claren aus Sieglar gegossen, verziert mit dem Wappen des damaligen Patrons und Schlossbesitzers Paul von Merveldt.

Die Glocke im Dachreiter hat einen Durchmesser von 30 cm, sie ist 25 kg schwer. Gegossen wurde sie 1951 von A. Junker aus Brilon. Sie trägt das Wappen der Stifterfamilie von Failly-Goldstein.

Turmuhr
Die Turmuhr mit ihren drei Zifferblättern stammt aus dem Jahre 1912. Seit April 2009 werden die Uhr und die Glocken über eine Funkuhr gesteuert.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio, bearbeitet von Claudia Euskirchen, Olaf Gisbertz, Ulrich Schäfer: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Nordrhein-Westfalen I Rheinland. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2005 ISBN 3-422-03093-X

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Geschichte (abgerufen am 12. April 2012)

Gimborn
Baudenkmal in Marienheide
Gimborn
Erbaut in den 1860er Jahren
Gimborn
Glasmalerei (Christentum)
Gimborn
Gimborn

St. Johannes Baptist (Gimborn)


Zufer Avdija (Priština, 1. listopada 1959.), srbijansko-izraelski košarkaški trener i bivši košarkaš.

Rodio se u Prištini, SAP Kosovo. Po narodnosti je Goranac. S 15 godina kratko se bavio nogometom i bio je vratar mlade momčadi prištinskog GIK Ramiza Sadikua.Košarku je počeo igrati u Elektrokosovu. 1980. godine otišao je u Crvenu zvezdu. 1981. godine bio je stavlje na NBA Draft, ali nije izabran. U Zvezdi je ostao deset godina i bio je jedan od legendi Crvene zvezde, čiji je bio kapetan. Jednu je godinu igrao u Hrvatskoj u Puli. 1990. godine otišao je u Izrael u kojem je igrao osam godina. Igrao je u Izraelu za klubove Ramat HaSharon, Rishon LeZion, Hapoel iz Tel Aviva i za Elitzur iz Bat Yama.

Za Jugoslaviju odigrao 50 utakmica. Osvojio broncu na svjetskom prvenstvu u Kolumbiji 1982. godine. 1983. godine osvojio je zlato na Mediteranskim igrama.Danas je direktor dvorane i direktor omladinske škole u Hertzliyi.Ima srpsko i izraelsko državljanstvo. Oženio se Izraelkom. Sin Deni Avdija također se bavi košarkom i ima izraelsko državljanstvo, nastupao je za izraelske mlade reprezentacije do 20 s kojima je osvojio zlata u Njemačkoj 2018. i Izraelu 2019. godine.

Izvori

Životopisi, Priština

Športaši iz Beograda
Srbijanski košarkaši
Kosovski športaši
Goranci

Zufer Avdija


The Ford Orion is a small family car (C-segment in Europe) that was produced by Ford Europe from 1983 until 1993. A total of 3,534,239 units were sold during the car's ten-year production life.

The Ford Orion was based on the Ford Escort, but instead of the Escort's hatchback, the Orion had a separate boot, making it a four-door saloon. Visually, the Ford Orion's notchback rear end and greater rear overhang made it readily distinguishable from the Escort.

History

Orion Mark I (1983–1986)

In the early-1980s, Ford's model line-up and image was changing, reflecting shifting patterns in the new car market across Western Europe at this time, as front-wheel drive gradually became more popular than rear-wheel drive and hatchbacks began to eclipse traditional saloons and estates. The company's older saloon line-up was replaced mainly by hatchbacks, starting with the Escort MK3 in 1980 and the new Sierra which replaced the Cortina in 1982. By 1985, even the executive-class Granada would offer a hatchback bodystyle, with the saloon and estate models not being released until 1990 and 1992 respectively, while a saloon version of the Sierra, called the Sapphire, was finally launched in 1987.

The Orion was developed under the codename "Apollo." Launched in September 1983, the Orion was designed to fill the market demand for a traditional four-door saloon which had been absent from the Escort range since the end of MK2 production in 1980 and also in larger cars by the demise of the hugely popular Cortina in 1982. The Orion looked similar to a contemporary Escort at the front apart from the different grille design, but the rear of the Orion had a long flat boot (making the car a three-box saloon design) rather than a hatchback or estate body like the Escort. Although the Orion's length was similar to that of the contemporary Ford Sierra (then only available as a hatchback or an estate) it had more rear legroom and a larger boot. This concept was similar to the Volkswagen Jetta, the saloon version of the Golf hatchback which had been on sale since 1979.

Ford initially offered the Orion in only GL and Ghia trim levels, missing out on the lower specification levels available on the Escort, as well as the basic 1100cc engine. Only 1300 cc and 1600 cc CVH engine options were available from launch (though with both carburettor and fuel injection options on the 1.6 Ghia). A lower specification L model was introduced in 1984, as was the option of a 1.6 diesel engine on L and GL models.

The Orion Ghia 1.6i standard features included: central locking, sunroof, sport front seats, electric windows, rear head restraints, tachometer and an information binnacle informing the driver when the vehicle needed maintenance. All of these features were rare equipment on a small family car in the 1980s, giving the Orion upmarket pretensions.

The Orion 1.6i shared an engine with the Escort XR3i and offered similar performance and handling without the insurance unfriendly tag that the XR badge started to command in the late-1980s due to its popularity with car thieves - and it was also less frequently targeted by thieves than the Escort XR3i or RS Turbo. The 1.6i was topped by a luxury limited edition called the 1600E in the autumn of 1988, the 1600E name harking back to the Mark II Ford Cortina 1600E from twenty years earlier, as both were considered to be well-equipped saloon cars with decent performance for the working man. The Orion 1600E was available in black, white and metallic grey and had RS alloys, wood cappings on the dashboard and doors, and grey leather seats. Only 1,600 were made, of which 1,000 had leather trim.

With the facelift in 1986, Ford brought the styling and engineering of the Orion closer to the Escort's and lower-specification models crept into the range along with equipment levels being brought together between the two cars, and helped Orion sales increase further. The Orion also gained the new 1.4 "lean burn" petrol engine which was added to the Escort at this time.

The success of the Orion across Europe, particularly in the UK (where it was amongst the top 10 best-selling cars every year from 1984-1990), was followed by several other manufacturers launching saloon versions of their popular hatchbacks. By 1986, General Motors had launched a saloon version of its Opel Kadett/Vauxhall Astra hatchback, which was sold as the Vauxhall Belmont on the British market. Austin Rover, on the other hand, made use of a Honda design for its new Rover 200 Series saloon, which was launched in 1984 and gave buyers a booted alternative to the Maestro hatchback, although with a totally different platform; as the true booted variant of the Maestro was the larger and more upmarket Austin Montego. The Orion was launched around the same time as the Fiat Regata, saloon and estate versions of the Ritmo (sold under name "Strada" in the UK), although the Regata was aimed further upmarket at cars like the Ford Sierra.

The Orion was a strong seller in the UK, peaking as the seventh-best-selling car in 1987 and 1988 with over 70,000 sales each time.

Orion Mark II (1986–1990)

March 1986 saw the Orion getting the same facelift as the Escort. Internally within Ford it is regarded as an updated model (Apollo-86) rather than a new generation, although it is popularly known as the Mark II.  The Mark II brought the option of anti-lock-brakes (ABS) and a heated front windscreen to the range. The CVH engines were upgraded and were now "lean burn units" and various models in the range could run on unleaded fuel without modifications to the cylinder head or to the fuel system. Improved locks were fitted across the range initially being of the Chubb AVA design but soon after replaced with the Tibbe type; same as with the Escort, and a number of other improvements were carried out including new suspension and gearbox mounts, updated interior and trim changes, improved soundproofing and revised steering and suspension settings. Trim levels now included the entry-level L, Biscane (special edition) LX, Equipe (special edition) GL, GLS (special edition), Ghia, Ghia Injection and from 1988 the 1600E (special edition).

Orion Mark III (1990–1993)

The third and final version of the Orion was launched in September 1990, but received the same criticism from the motoring media that the fifth generation Escort endured at the time for its lack of design flair as well as the disappointing refinement of some of its engines — particularly the 1.3 and 1.4-litre CVH petrol units. As with the Escort, the arrival of the 1.6 and 1.8 litre Zetec 16 valve engines and suspension changes in late 1991 and late 1992 improved the Orion's dynamic qualities. The Mark III was identified at the front by clear indicator lenses and by a chrome bar that ran through the radiator grille. The range topping Orion Ghia Si (sports injection) had  out of its 1.8L DOHC Zetec unit, making this the fastest production model Orion that Ford produced through the car's ten-year production life, with a top speed of 126 mph. A facelift to the Escort and Orion range including side impact bars, front seatbelt pretensioners and a safety cage as well as body colour door handles and the new Zetec engines in September 1992 for the 1993 model year also saw many major improvements.

This incarnation of the Orion was considerably less popular than the pre-1990 versions, just missing out on a place in the top 10 best-selling cars in Britain in 1991 and 1992.

Trim levels were:
 L (1992–1993), 1.8 diesel
 LX (1990–1993), 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 16v petrol, 1.8 diesel
 GLX (1990–1991), 1.3, 1.4, 1.6 petrol (dropped after 1991)
 Ghia (1990–1993), 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 16v petrol, 1.8 diesel
 Ghia Si (1992–1993), 1.8 16v petrol

On 19 September 1993, 10 years after its launch, Ford retired the Orion nameplate, and the Escort nameplate was used on all bodystyles. This was a move that Vauxhall had previously taken with the Belmont name back in September 1991. Sales of the Escort badged saloon were not as strong as those achieved by the Orion, as saloons of this size continued to fall in popularity throughout the 1990s. The slow-selling Escort saloon was eventually discontinued in October 1998, along with the convertible model after the launch of the Focus saloon, although the 5-door hatchback and estate versions lasted until July 2000 and the van lasted until 2002.

References

Orion
Compact cars
Sedans
Vehicles with CVT transmission
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
1980s cars
1990s cars
Cars introduced in 1983
Cars discontinued in 1993

Ford Orion


Hikaru Arai (født 14. april 1999) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Shonan Bellmare.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Hikaru Arai


Anne af Storbritannien, også kendt som Anne af Hannover (), (2. november 1709 – 12. januar 1759) var en britisk prinsesse, der var gift med Fyrst Vilhelm 4. af Oranien, statholder i De Forenede Nederlande. Som enke var hun Nederlandenes regent fra 1751 til 1759 på vegne af sin mindreårige søn, Vilhelm 5. Som regent blev hun tillagt britiske sympatier på grund af sin engelske opvækst og familieforbindelser, men hun formåede ikke at overbevise den nederlandske republik om at deltage i Syvårskrigen på britisk side.

Biografi

Princess Royal af Storbritannien

Prinsesse Anne blev født den 2. november 1709 på Herrenhausen Slot nær Hannover i Kurfyrstendømmet Hannover som det andet barn og den ældste datter af den daværende kurprins Georg af Hannover i hans ægteskab med Caroline af Ansbach. Annes farfar, kurfyrst Georg Ludvig af Hannover, blev konge af Storbritannien i 1714, mens faderen blev britisk tronfølger. Samme år flyttede Anne med resten af familien til London. Hendes far blev britisk konge i 1727. Samme år blev hun tildelt titlen Princess Royal, en britisk titel der kan tildeles den ældste datter af britiske konger eller regerende dronninger.

Regent af Nederlandene
Prinsesse Annes mand (arvestatholder Vilhelm 4. af Oranien) døde i 1751. I resten af sit liv var Anne regent af Nederlandene (som formynder for sin mindreårige søn Vilhelm 5. af Oranien).

Børn og efterslægt
Prinsesse Anne og arvestatholder Vilhelm 4. fik fem børn, men det var kun to, der nåede at blive voksne:
 Caroline af Oranien-Nassau-Diez, gift med regerende fyrste Karl Christian af Nassau-Weilburg. Storhertug Adolf 1. af Luxembourg (regerede 1890 – 1905) var deres sønnesøns søn.
 Vilhelm 5. af Oranien, gift med Vilhelmine af Preussen (en søster til kong Frederik Vilhelm 2. af Preussen). Vilhelm 5. og Vilhelmine blev forældre til kong Vilhelm 1. af Nederlandene (også storhertug af Luxembourg i 1815 – 1840).

Prinsesse Anne og arvestatholder Vilhelm 4. er forfædre til samtlige storhertuger og regerende storhertuginder af Luxembourg siden 1815.

Eksterne links

Prinsesser fra Storbritannien
Personer i Nederlandenes historie
Nederlandske statholdere
Huset Hannover
Personer fra Hannover

Anne af Storbritannien (1709-1759)


Onthophagus ramosellus é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Bates em 1891.

Referências

Ligações externas

ramosellus
Coleópteros descritos em 1891

Onthophagus ramosellus


The Voice Kids er et talentshow for børn på den nederlandske Tv-kanal RTL 4. Første sæson begyndte på 27. januar 2012. Programmet præsenteres af Martijn Krabbé og Wendy van Dijk.

Efter succesen med The Voice of Holland blev samme formatet tilpasset for børn fra 6 til og med 14 år. Siden anden sæsonen, er det kun for børn fra 8 til og med 14 år. Programmet blev udviklet af John de Mol. På grund af den nederlandske versions succes blev formatet solgt over hele verden.

Sæson 1, 2 og 3 startede en uge efter den sidste episode af The voice of Holland. Sæson 4 begyndte otte uger efter den sidste episode af The Voice of Holland og ikke på fredag, men lørdag aften fra 20.00 til 22.00. Sæson 5 begyndte igen umiddelbart efter The Voice of Hollands udsendelse på fredag aften.

Vinderen af den første sæson blev Fabiënne Bergmans, den anden sæson vandt Laura van Kaam, og den tredje sæson blev vundet af Ayoub Maach. De fik en pladekontrakt hos 8ball Musik, en videoklip og et legat på 10.000 euro, og en tur til Disneyland Paris. I den fjerde sæson vandt Luke van Roekel. Han modtog et legat på 10.000 euro, og en pladekontrakt. Esmée Schreurs vandt 5. sæson, og blev tildelt et legat på 25.000 euro. Det samme gjald Iris Verhoek der vand 6. sæson.

Oversigt

Coaches og finalister
Dommerne/coaches for de første fire sæsoner var Marco Borsato, Nick & Simon og Angela Groothuizen. Nick & Simon fortælte at de havde en masse andre projekter, der var vigtigere.

Sæson 5 fik to nye dommere/coaches i stedet for Nick & Simon og Angela Groothuizen. Det var Rapperen Ali B og Countrysangerinde Ilse DeLange.

:      – Vindende jury/kategori. Vinderne er markeret med fed.

 Team Marco
 Team Nick & Simon
 Team Angela
 Team Ilse
 Team Ali B
 Team Douwe

Format
Showet består af fire faser: produktion-audition, Blind Audition, The Battles og finalen. Produktion-auditions bliver ikke filmet og kun de gode sangere er valgt. I Idols (Nederlandene), Popstars og X-Faktor gør de talenterne audition for dommerne, men hos The Voice Kids, gør de en blind audition. I blind-auditions sidder dommere/coaches med ryggen til talenterne og kan derfor kun bedømme sangere på grundlag af musikalitet og stemmen. Hver kandidat får cirka halvanden minut til at synge deres sang. Hvis en af dommerne/coaches besluter at han eller hun vil have kunstneren i hans eller hendes team, skal han eller hun slå på knappen "Jeg vil have Dig" (engelsk: I Want You) - knappen. Når to eller flere dommere vil have en kunstner i hans eller hendes team skal kunstneren vælge, hvilken coach han eller hun vil have.

Når alle kandidater har udført deres blind audition tager coachen deres valgte kunstnere til næste runde. Disse er "The Battles". En coach linker tre sangere til hinanden, som skal battle mod hinanden  ved at synge en sang der er valgt for dem. Fra hver battle kan kun en sanger gå videre til næste runde. Uanset hvem det er, er det "Dream Team" der bestemmer, der ud over Coachen, består af én anden person. Den der vinder, går videre til "The Sing Off". På hvert hold er der fem talenter der kommer til The Sing Off. Disse kandidater synger igen sangen fra deres Blind Audition. Hvert hold må kun have to talenter med til finalen.

Efter The Battles skal de seks finalister klare sig i finalen. I samråd med deres coach vælger de en sang som de skal synge. Coacherne bestemte i første sæson, sammen med stemmerne fra publikummet derhjemme derefter hvem der skulle hjem; de havde hver halvdelen af de afgivne stemmer. Siden den anden sæson var det kun publikummet derhjemme der kunne afgøre hvilken talent blev elimineret.

I den sidste fase vil der kun være en finalist per coach tilbage. The Voice Kids-vinderen findes ved hjælp af publikumsafstemning.

Hall of Fame
Også for de coaches er der en vis konkurrencemæssig element. For at få et godt overblik over resultater per coach er der den "Hall of Fame". Her er angivet hvilken coach har gjort det bedst. Nedenfor er fakta og tal for de forløbne sæsonen. (2017)

Oversigt

Sæson 1: 2012
Sæson 1 startede den 27. januar 2012 og finalen var den 23. marts 2012. Vinderen af den første sæson blev Fabiënne Bergmans fra team Angela Groothuizen.
 Sæson 1 på YouTube

Sæson 2: 2012-2013
Selv før finalen i den første sæson blev sendt, meddelte RTL 4 at en der ville være en anden sæson. Den anden sæson begyndte på 21. december 2012.
 Sæson 2 på YouTube

Sæson 3: 2013-2014
I løbet af den første episode af anden sæson meddelte RTL 4 at en tredje sæson var planlagt. 21. februar 2014 var finalen, som blev vundet af Ayoub Maach.
 Sæson 3 på YouTube

Sæson 4: 2015
Efter starten af sæson 3 blev der annonceret, at der vil være en sæson 4. Sæson 4 begyndte otte uger efter The voice of Holland. Programmet startede udsendelse om lørdagen fra 20:00 til 22:00, i stedet for på fredag mellem 20:30 og 22:30. Luke van Roekel vandt denne sæson med sangen "Against all Odds". De to andre finalister var Joy Schulte og Robin Buijs, henholdsvis med "Chandelier" og "This is a man's world".
 Sæson 4 på YouTube

Sæson 5: 2016
De tre finalister var Selenay, Imani og Esmée. Esmée vandt med "A Moment Like This" fra Kelly Clarkson. Imani sang "Hello" af Lionel Richie og Selenay "Runnin'" Naugthy Boy ft. Beyoncé
 Sæson 5 på YouTube

Sæson 6: 2017
Finalisterne var Noa & Merle (Borsato), Raya & Thijs (DeLange), Anna & Iris (Ali B). Iris vandt med "Without you" af Mariah Carey. Anna sang "And I Am Telling You" af Jennifer Hudson, Thijs sang "Scared To be Lonely" af Martin Garrix ft. Dua Lipa, Raya sang "Telephone" af Lady Gaga ft. Beyoncé, Merle sang "Masterpiece" af Jessie J og Noa "Castle On The Hill" af Ed Sheeran.
 Sæson 6 på YouTube

Sæson 7: 2018
Det er første gang at der er fire coaches der deltager i showet, og hver coach skulle finde deres finalist blandt 4 deltagere i The Sing-off's. Marco Borsato valgte Yosina Roemajauw, Ali B valgte Stella de Geus, Eefje kom videre til finale for Ilse DeLange og Kaylee Landegent blev valgt af den nye coach Douwe Bob.
 Ali B på YouTube
 Douwe Bob på YouTube
 Ilse DeLange på YouTube
 Marco Borsato på YouTube

Showet åbnede med de fire finalister: Eefje, Kaylee, Stella en Yosina med sangen Climb Every Mountain

Seertal
Seertallene viste at være god. Showet havde cirka det samme antal seerne som de voksnes 'The voice of Holland'. I anden sæsonen lå gennemsnittet endda lidt højere end første sæsonen.

On Tour
Efter hver sæson går finalisterne på turné i hele Nederlandene. Turen varer fra slutningen af marts til slutningen af maj, og ved hvert show, optræder vinderen sammen med tre andre finalister. Kun ved åbningen i Hilversum optræder alle finalisterne tilsammen.

Kontroverser
I december 2011 kom The Voice Kids i dårligt søgelys på grund af deltagerkontrakter til de indledende runder. Nederlandske avis NRC offentliggjorde en artikel, hvori det er anført at de kontrakter var for uklart, underskrevet under pres, og havde vidtrækkende konsekvenser.

Eksterne link
 Officiel hjemmeside

Kilder, noter og/eller henvisninger

Musikkonkurrencer
Musik fra Nederlandene
RTL4-programmer

The Voice Kids (Nederlandene)


Kalsit, kimyasal formülü CaCO3 olan kristalleşmiş kalsiyum karbonat. Saydam, beyaz, sarı, rustik yeşil ve mavimsi renkte olabilir. Sertliği 3, özgül ağırlığı 2.71'dir. Soğuk ve seyreltik hidroklorik asitte (tuz ruhu) şiddetli bir köpürme ile ayrışır. Çakı ile çizilir. CO2'li sularda çözünerek Ca(HCO3)2 yapar.

Nadiren erüptif kayalardan özellikle pegmatitlerde ilksel olarak bulunur. Genellikle sekonder bir mineraldir. Doğada bolca bulunur.Genellikle karbonatlı sedimanter kayaların (ör:kireçtaşları) ve mermerlerin ana bileşenidir. Çeşitli şekillerde işlenerek boya, kâğıt, plastik sektöründe dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılır. Plastik sektöründe kullanılan kalsitler ise; kaplı ve kapsız olmak üzere 2 çeşittir.

CaCO3 + ısı → CaO (sönmemiş kireç) + CO2

CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 (sönmüş kireç)

Türkiye'de Niğde ilinde çıkarılan Kalsit madeni oldukça parlak olmasından dolayı ticari değeri yüksektir.

Etimoloji
Kalsit, 19. yüzyılda kireç için Latince, calx (genetik calcis) kelimesini mineralleri adlandırmak için kullanılan -ite eki ile ifade edilen Alman Kalsit'ten türetilmiştir. Dolayısıyla etimolojik olarak tebeşirle ilişkilidir. Arkeologlar ve taş ticareti uzmanları tarafından uygulandığında alabaster terimi, sadece çeşitli jips için ayrıldığı jeoloji ve mineralojide olduğu gibi kullanılmaz; aynı zamanda, benzer görünümlü, yarı saydam çeşitlerde ince taneli şeritli kalsit birikintisi için.

Birim hücre ve Miller endeksleri
Yayınlarda, kalsit kristallerindeki yönleri tanımlamak için iki farklı Miller indeksi seti kullanılır - üç indeks h, k, l ile altıgen sistem ve dört indeks h, k, l, i olan rhombohedral sistem. Komplikasyonlara ek olarak, kalsit için birim hücrenin iki tanımı da vardır. Daha eski bir "morfolojik" birim hücre olan kristallerin yüzleri arasındaki açıları ölçerek ve en küçük sayıları arayarak çıkartıldı. Daha sonra X-ışını kristalografisi kullanılarak bir "yapısal" birim hücre belirlendi. Morfolojik birim hücre yaklaşık boyutlar a = 10 Å ve c = 8,5 Å iken, yapısal birim hücre için bunlar = 5 Å ve c = 17 Å'dir. Aynı yönelim için, morfolojikden yapısal birimlere dönüştürmek için c, 4 ile çarpılmalıdır. Örnek olarak, bölünme morfolojik koordinatlarda "{1 0 1 1} üzerinde mükemmel" ve yapısal birimlerde "{1 0 1 4} üzerinde mükemmel" olarak verilmektedir. (Altıgen indekslerde bunlar {1 0 1} ve {1 0 4} 'dir.) Eşleştirme, bölünme ve kristal formları daima morfolojik birimlerde verilir.

Özellikleri

Form
800'den fazla kalsit kristal şekli tanımlanmıştır. En yaygın olanları, altıgen {2 1 1} yönlerde (morfolojik birim hücre) veya {214} yönlerde (yapısal birim hücre) yüzleri olan scalenohedradır; ve rhombohedral, yüzleri {1 0 1} veya {1 0 4} yönlerinde (en yaygın bölünme düzlemi).  Alışkanlıklar arasında akut ila geniş rhombohedra, tablo formları, prizmalar veya çeşitli scalenohedra bulunur. Kalsit, gözlenen formların çeşitliliğine katkıda bulunan birkaç eşleştirme türü sergiler. Lifli, taneli, lamelli veya kompakt olarak ortaya çıkabilir. Lifli, çiçek açan bir form lublinit olarak bilinir. Yarılma genellikle eşkenar dörtgen forma paralel olarak üç yöndedir. Kırılması konkoiddir, ancak elde edilmesi zordur.

Skalenohedral yüzler kiral olup ayna görüntüsü simetrisi ile çiftler halinde gelir; bunların büyümesi, L- ve D-amino asitler gibi kiral biyomoleküllerle etkileşimden etkilenebilir. Rhombohedral yüzler achiral.

Sertlik
Tanımlayıcı bir Mohs sertliği 3, özgül ağırlığı 2.71'dir ve parlaklığı kristalize çeşitlerde vitrözdür. Renk beyazdır veya hiç yoktur, ancak mineral safsızlıklarla dolu olduğunda gri, kırmızı, turuncu, sarı, yeşil, mavi, mor, kahverengi veya hatta siyah tonları oluşabilir.

Optik
Kalsit opak saydamdır ve bazen fosforesans veya floresan gösterebilir. İzlanda spar adlı şeffaf bir çeşitlilik optik amaçlar için kullanılır. Akut skalenohedral kristallere bazen "dogtooth spar", rhombohedral form bazen "nailhead spar" olarak adlandırılır. Karakteristik çift kırılımlı optik davranışı gösteren kalsit fotoğrafı.

Tek kalsit kristalleri çift kırılma (çift kırılma) adı verilen optik bir özellik gösterir. Bu güçlü çift kırılma, açık bir kalsit parçasından görülen nesnelerin iki katına çıkmasına neden olur. Birefringent etki (kalsit kullanarak) ilk olarak 1669 yılında Danimarkalı bilim adamı Rasmus Bartholin tarafından tanımlanmıştır. 90590 nm dalga boyunda, sırasıyla 1.658 ve 1.486 sıradan ve olağanüstü kırılma indekslerine sahiptir. 190 ve 1700 nm arasında sıradan kırılma indisi yaklaşık 1.9 ile 1.5 arasında değişirken, olağanüstü kırılma endeksi 1.6 ile 1.4 arasında değişmektedir.

Kimyasal
Kalsit, çoğu karbonat gibi, çoğu asit formuyla çözülür. Kalsit, su sıcaklığı, pH ve çözünmüş iyon konsantrasyonları gibi çeşitli faktörlere bağlı olarak yeraltı suyu ile çözülebilir veya yeraltı suyu ile çöktürülebilir. Kalsit soğuk suda oldukça çözünmez olmasına rağmen, asitlik kalsitin çözünmesine ve karbondioksit gazının salınmasına neden olabilir. Ortam karbondioksit, asitliği nedeniyle, kalsit üzerinde hafif bir çözünürleştirici etkiye sahiptir. Kalsit, sıcaklık arttıkça suda daha az çözünür hale geldiği retrograd çözünürlük adı verilen alışılmadık bir özellik sergiler. Yağışlar için koşullar uygun olduğunda, kalsit mevcut kaya tanelerini bir araya getiren mineral kaplamalar oluşturur veya kırıkları doldurabilir. Koşullar çözünme için uygun olduğunda, kalsitin uzaklaştırılması kayanın gözenekliliğini ve geçirgenliğini önemli ölçüde artırabilir ve uzun bir süre devam ederse mağara oluşumuna neden olabilir. Peyzaj ölçeğinde, kalsiyum karbonat bakımından zengin kayaçların sürekli çözünmesi, mağara sistemlerinin genişlemesine ve nihayetinde çökmesine yol açarak çeşitli karst topoğrafyalarına yol açabilir.

Kullanım ve uygulamalar
Eski Mısırlılar, yakın ilişki nedeniyle adı kaymaktaşı terimine katkıda bulunan tanrıça Bast'la ilişkilendirerek birçok kalsit taşıdılar. Diğer birçok kültür, materyali benzer oyma nesneler ve uygulamalar için kullanmıştır.

Yüksek dereceli optik kalsit, 2.Dünya Savaşı'nda, özellikle bomba nişanları ve uçaksavar silahlarında silah nişangahları için kullanıldı. Ayrıca, görünmezlik pelerini için kalsitin kullanılması için deneyler yapılmıştır.

Mikrobiyolojik olarak çökeltilmiş kalsit, toprak ıslahı, toprak stabilizasyonu ve beton onarımı gibi çok çeşitli uygulamalara sahiptir.

80 kg'lık bir Carrara mermerinden elde edilen kalsit, and18O ve calib13C kalibrasyonunda kütle spektrometrisinde IAEA-603 izotopik standardı olarak kullanılır.

Doğal oluşum
Kalsit, çoğunlukla ölü deniz organizmalarının kabuklarından oluşan, özellikle kalker olan tortul kayaçların ortak bir bileşenidir. Tortul kayaçların yaklaşık% 10'u kireçtaşıdır. Metamorfik mermerin birincil mineralidir. Aynı zamanda bir damar minerali olarak kaplıcalardan birikenlerde de görülür; sarkıt ve dikitler olarak mağaralarda; ve karbonatitler, kimberlitler gibi volkanik veya mantodan türetilen kayalarda veya nadiren peridotitlerde bulunur.

Kalsit genellikle deniz organizmalarının kabuklarının birincil bileşenidir, örneğin, plankton (kokolitler ve planktik foraminifera gibi), kırmızı alglerin sert kısımları, bazı süngerler, brachiopodlar, ekinodermler, bazı serpulidler, çoğu bryozoa ve kabukların parçaları bazı çift kabuklu (istiridye ve rudistler gibi). Kalsit, yukarıda belirtildiği gibi New Mexico'nun karlı nehir mağarasında, mikroorganizmaların doğal oluşumlarla kredilendirildiği muhteşem formda bulunur. Çeyrek milyar yıl önce soyu tükenmiş olan trilobitlerin, lensleri oluşturmak için berrak kalsit kristalleri kullanan benzersiz bileşik gözleri vardı.

En büyük belgelenmiş tek kalsit kristali İzlanda kaynaklı, 7 × 7 × 2 m ve 6 × 6 × 3 m ölçülerinde ve yaklaşık 250 ton ağırlığındadır.

Oluşum süreçleri
Kalsit oluşumu, klasik teras çıkıntısı kıvrılma modelinden bir Ostwald olgunlaşma işlemi yoluyla veya nanokristallerin toplanması yoluyla yetersiz sıralı öncü fazların (amorf kalsiyum karbonat, ACC) kristalleşmesine kadar çeşitli yollarla ilerleyebilir. ACC'nin kristalizasyonu iki aşamada gerçekleşebilir: birincisi, ACC nanopartikülleri hızla kurutulur ve tek tek vaterit parçacıkları oluşturmak için kristalleşir. İkinci olarak, vaterit kalsitin yüzey alanı tarafından kontrol edilen reaksiyon oranı ile bir çözünme ve yeniden çökeltme mekanizması vasıtasıyla kalsite dönüşür. Reaksiyonun ikinci aşaması yaklaşık 10 kat daha yavaştır. Bununla birlikte, kalsitin kristalleşmesinin başlangıç pH'ına ve çözeltide Mg mevcudiyetine bağlı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.Karıştırma sırasında nötr bir başlangıç pH değeri, ACC'nin kalsite doğrudan dönüşümünü destekler. Aksine, ACC, temel bir başlangıç pH'ı ile başlayan bir çözelti içinde oluştuğunda, kalsite dönüşüm, küresel bir büyüme mekanizması yoluyla oluşan metastabil vaterit yoluyla gerçekleşir.İkinci aşamada bu vaterit, yüzey kontrollü bir çözünme ve yeniden kristalleştirme mekanizması vasıtasıyla kalsite dönüşür. Mg, hem ACC'nin stabilitesi hem de kristalin CaCO3'e dönüşümü üzerinde dikkate değer bir etkiye sahiptir, bu da doğrudan iyondan kalsit oluşumuna neden olur, çünkü bu iyon vaterit yapısını dengesizleştirir. Kalsit, metanın oksitlendiği ve sülfatın kalsit ve piritin çökelmesine yol açtığı metanın sülfata bağlı anaerobik oksidasyonu sırasında olduğu gibi mikroorganizmaların aktivitesine yanıt olarak yüzeyde oluşabilir. üretilen bikarbonat ve sülfür. Bu süreçler, 13C izotopunda son derece tükenmiş olan kalsitlerin spesifik karbon izotop bileşimi ile mil PDB başına −125 kadar (δ13C) izlenebilir.

Dünya tarihinde yeri
Deniz suyunda birincil inorganik kalsiyum karbonat çökeltisinin günümüzde aragonit ve yüksek magnezyum kalsit (hmc) yerine düşük magnezyum kalsit (lmc) olduğu Dünya tarihinde kalsit denizleri vardı. Kalsit denizleri, Ordovisiyen ve Jurassic'te en belirgin olan Phanerozoik üzerinde aragonit denizleriyle değişiyordu. Soylar, mineralize olduklarında okyanusta hangi kalsiyum karbonat biçiminin uygun olduğunu kullanmak için evrimleşti ve bu mineralojiyi evrimsel tarihlerinin geri kalanı boyunca korudu. Bu kalsit deniz koşulları için petrografik kanıtlar kalsitik ooidler, lmc çimentolar, sert zeminler ve hızlı erken deniz tabanı aragonit çözünmesinden oluşur. Deniz canlılarının kalsiyum karbonat kabukları ile evrimi kalsit ve aragonit deniz döngüsünden etkilenmiş olabilir. Kalsit, önemli bir biyolojik reaksiyonu, formose reaksiyonunu katalize ettiği gösterilen ve yaşamın kökeninde rol almış olabilen minerallerden biridir. Kiral yüzeylerinin (bkz. Form) aspartik asit molekülleri ile etkileşimi kiralitede hafif bir sapmaya neden olur; bu canlı hücrelerdeki homokiralitenin kaynağı için olası bir mekanizmadır.

Kaynakça

 Dana, James Dwight; Klein, Cornelis ve Hurlbut, Cornelius Searle (1985) Mineraloji El Kitabı, Wiley, s. 329, ISBN  0-471-80580-7 .
 Anthony, John W .; Bideaux, Richard A .; Bladh, Kenneth W .; Nichols, Monte C., ed. (2003). "Kalsit" (PDF). Mineraloji El Kitabı. V (Boratlar, Karbonatlar, Sülfatlar). Chantilly, VA, ABD: Amerika Mineraloji Derneği. ISBN 978-0962209741.
 "Kalsit". mindat.org. Erişim tarihi: 4 Mayıs 2018
 Barthelmy, Dave. "Kalsit Mineral Verileri". webmineral.com. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2018
 Yoshioka S .; Kitano Y. (1985). "Aragonitin ısıtma yoluyla kalsite dönüşümü". Jeokimyasal Dergisi. 19 (4): 24–249. doi : 10.2343 / geochemj.19.245
 Alabaster ve traverten hakkında daha fazla bilgi, jeologlar, arkeologlar ve taş ticareti tarafından aynı terimlerin farklı kullanımını açıklayan kısa rehber. Oxford Üniversitesi Doğa Tarihi Müzesi, 2012
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite#Use_and_applications
 Elert, Glenn. "Kırılma". Fizik Hiper Metin Kitabı .
 "IAEA-603, Kalsit". Çevre ve Ticaret için Referans Ürünler. Uluslararası Atom Enerjisi Ajansı. Erişim tarihi: 27 Şubat 2017 .
 Angier, Natalie (3 Mart 2014). "Trilobitler Dünyayı Yönettiğinde". New York Times. Erişim tarihi: 10 Mart 2014

Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan kimyasal maddeler
Kalsiyum mineralleri
Karbonat mineralleri
Kireç taşı
Saydam malzemeler
Toprak bilimi

Mağara mineralleri

Kalsit


Slovenské Ďarmoty este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Veľký Krtíš din regiunea Banská Bystrica. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 553 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu Balassagyarmat, Koláre, Chrastince, Lesenice, Opatovská Nová Ves și .

Localitatea este înfrățită cu Casavatore și Balassagyarmat.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Slovenské Ďarmoty


Johann Egger ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Johann Baptist Egger (1868–1925), österreichischer Philologe
 Johann Georg Egger (1804–1866), österreichischer Mediziner und Entomologe
 Johann Konstantin Egger (Hans Egger; 1908–1989), Schweizer Maler, siehe Hansegger

Johann Egger


سوق واقف هو مسلسل كويتي من إنتاج مسرح السلام.

سوق واقف
«سوق واقف» دراما كوميدية جديدة بنظر منتجي العمل، وستعالج أهم وأبرز القضايا الاجتماعية التي تشكل ظواهر واضحة في المجتمع، وهي خلطة موجهة للأسرة بأكملها، حيث تعزز القيم الإنسانية والدينية، كما أن تدعو إلى التمسك بالعادات والتقاليد والتراث الجميل والقيم الاصيلة والهوية الخاصة بمجتمعنا، وسيقدمها أبطال العمل بصورة كوميدية مبسطة لتصل لقلوب المشاهدين بسهولة وسيعرض في شهر رمضان القادم.فكرة المسلسل تدعو إلى التمسك بالعادات والتقاليد والتراث الجميل والقيم الاصيلة والهوية الخاصة بمجتمعنا، وسيقدمها أبطال العمل بصورة كوميدية مبسطة لتصل لقلوب المشاهدين بسهولة.

وهو عمل اجتماعي ذو كوميديا خفيفه سيعالج أهم وأبرز القضايا الاجتماعية التي تشكل ظواهر واضحة في المجتمع، وهي خلطة موجهة للأسرة بأكملها، حيث تعزز القيم الإنسانية والدينية، كما أن فكرة المسلسل

المرشحون للبطولة
غانم الصالح، إبراهيم الصلال، جاسم النبهان،
انتصار الشراح، لطيفه المجرن، فخريه خميس، هبه الدري، خالد البريكي، مشعل الشايع، أحمد العونان، خالد السعدون.

مسلسلات تلفزيونية كويتية بدأ عرضها في 2009
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كوميدية كويتية

سوق واقف (مسلسل)