Aidia, biljni rod iz porodice Rubiaceae raširen u Aziji, Africi, zapadnom Pacifiku i Australiji. Postoji 56 priznatih vrsta, uglavnom manjeg drveća i jednog epifita.

Vrste

 Aidia abeidii S.E.Dawson & Gereau
 Aidia acuminata (Blume) K.M.Wong
 Aidia acutipetala Ridsdale
 Aidia auriculata (Wall.) Ridsdale
 Aidia bakeri (Merr.) Ridsdale
 Aidia beccariana (Baill.) Ridsdale
 Aidia borneensis Ridsdale
 Aidia bracteata Ridsdale
 Aidia brisipensis Ridsdale
 Aidia canthioides (Champ. ex Benth.) Masam.
 Aidia chantonea Tirveng.
 Aidia cochinchinensis Lour.
 Aidia congesta (Schltr. & K.Krause) Ridsdale
 Aidia corymbosa (Blume) K.M.Wong
 Aidia cowleyi Puttock
 Aidia crassifolia S.E.Dawson & Gereau
 Aidia densiflora (Wall.) Masam.
 Aidia dilleniacea (Baill.) Ridsdale
 Aidia endertii Ridsdale
 Aidia foveata Ridsdale
 Aidia gardneri (Thwaites) Tirveng.
 Aidia genipiflora (DC.) Dandy
 Aidia glabra (Valeton) Ridsdale
 Aidia gyropetala A.J.Ford & Halford
 Aidia halleri Ridsdale
 Aidia henryi (E.Pritz.) T.Yamaz.
 Aidia heterophylla Ridsdale
 Aidia impressinervis (King & Gamble) Ridsdale
 Aidia jambosoides (Valeton) Ridsdale
 Aidia kinabaluensis Ridsdale
 Aidia lancifolia K.M.Wong
 Aidia longiflora Ridsdale
 Aidia magnifolia Ridsdale
 Aidia micrantha (K.Schum.) Bullock ex F.White
 Aidia moluccana Ridsdale
 Aidia ochroleuca (K.Schum.) E.M.A.Petit
 Aidia oxyodonta (Drake) T.Yamaz.
 Aidia paiei Ridsdale
 Aidia parvifolia (King & Gamble) K.M.Wong
 Aidia polystachya (Valeton) Ridsdale
 Aidia pseudospicata Ridsdale
 Aidia pulcherrima (Merr.) Ridsdale
 Aidia pycnantha (Drake) Tirveng.
 Aidia quintasii (K.Schum.) G.Taylor
 Aidia racemosa (Cav.) Tirveng.
 Aidia rhacodosepala (K.Schum.) E.M.A.Petit
 Aidia rubens (Hiern) G.Taylor
 Aidia salicifolia (H.L.Li) T.Yamaz.
 Aidia solomonensis Ridsdale
 Aidia tomentosa (Blume) Ridsdale
 Aidia vieillardii (Baill.) Ridsdale
 Aidia vitiensis (Seem.) Puttock
 Aidia wattii G.Taylor
 Aidia waugia Ridsdale
 Aidia yunnanensis (Hutch.) T.Yamaz.
 Aidia zippeliana (Scheff.) Ridsdale

Izvori

Gardenieae

Aidia


Elza, Carnaval & Samba é o décimo segundo álbum de estúdio da cantora e compositora brasileira Elza Soares, lançado em 1967 pela Odeon, com produção musical de Lyrio Panicali.

Antecedentes
Em 1967 e 1969, Elza Soares se dedicou a várias parcerias com Miltinho e Wilson das Neves. Durante o período, o único registro seu totalmente solo é Elza, Carnaval & Samba. Ainda pela Odeon, ela continuaria a sua carreira com novos álbuns até 1973.

Gravação
O projeto Elza, Carnaval & Samba foi produzido pelo maestro Lyrio Panicali e com direção artística de Milton Miranda. O repertório traz sambas-enredo e músicas com temática carnavalesca, escritas por nomes como Noel Rosa, Raul Sampaio, Sebastião Mota, Silas de Oliveira e outros.

Lançamento e legado
Elza, Carnaval & Samba foi lançado em 1969 pela Odeon em vinil. O projeto teve, como destaques, os sambas-enredo "Bahia de todos os deuses" e "Heróis da liberdade".

Em 2002, o álbum foi lançado pela primeira vez em CD a partir da série Odeon - 100 Anos de Música no Brasil, organizada por Charles Gavin. No ano seguinte, o álbum foi incluído na caixa de coleção Negra, com reedição de Marcelo Fróes, com a inclusão de 3 faixas bônus, singles avulsos da época.

Faixas
A seguir lista-se as faixas de Elza, Carnaval & Samba:
Lado A
"Bahia de Todos os Deuses"
"Quero Morrer no Carnaval"
"Não Me Diga Adeus"
"Eu Chorarei Amanhã"
"De Lanterna na Mão"
"Fechei a Porta"
Lado B
"Heróis da Liberdade"
"Rosa Maria"
"Eu Agora Sou Feliz"
"Que Samba Bom"
"Falam De Mim"
"Se É Pecado Sambar

Álbuns de 1967
Álbuns de Elza Soares
Álbuns em língua portuguesa

Elza, Carnaval & Samba


Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (fæddur 25. september árið 1955 í Lippstadt, Þýskalandi) er fyrrverandi knattspyrnumaður. Hann lék í mörg ár fyrir þýska landsliðið. Rummenigge spilaði á HM 1978, HM 1982 og HM 1986. Hann var í lykilhlutverki fyrir bæði félagið sem hann spilaði lengst með Bayern München og Þýskaland.

Heimildir
https://web.archive.org/web/2019*/https://static.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=44587/index.html
https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=01000000958
https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/16418

Rummenigge, Karl-Heinz
Fólk fætt árið 1955

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge


O Zwartkops Raceway é um autódromo localizado em Pretória, na África do Sul, o circuito foi inaugurado em 1961 e possui um traçado de 2.400 km.

Ligações Externas

 Página oficial

Autódromos da África do Sul

Zwartkops Raceway


A Diocese Chikmagalur (Latim:Dioecesis Chikmagalurensis) é uma diocese localizada no município de Chikmagalur, no estado de Carnataca, pertencente a Arquidiocese de Bangalore na Índia. Foi fundada em 16 de novembro de 1963 pelo Papa Paulo VI. Com uma população católica de 39.675 habitantes, sendo 1,4% da população total, possui 42 paróquias com dados de 2018.

História

Em 16 de novembro de 1963 o Papa Paulo VI cria a Diocese de Chikmagalur através da Diocese de Mysore. Em 1988 a Diocese de Chikmagalur e a Arquidiocese de Bangalore perdem território para a formação da Diocese de Shimoga.

Lista de bispos
A seguir uma lista de bispos desde a criação da diocese em 1963.

Ligações externas

Chikmagalur
Chikmagalur

Diocese de Chikmagalur


حولا هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء مرجعيون في محافظة النبطية، تقع جنوب نهر الليطاني بمحاذاة الحدود الجنوبية للبنان وترتفع حوالي 900 مترا عن سطح البحر.

حولا خلال حرب ال 1948
خلال الحرب العربية الإسرائيلية عام 1948 في تشرين الأول جرت أول مجزرة إسرائيلية في لبنان وذلك عندما دخل عناصر من الجيش الإسرائيلي باللباس العربي، فاعتقد السكان حينذاك أنهم المقاومين فتجمعوا لتحيتهم، لكنهم كانوا مخطئين، عندها قام المتسللون بإعدام ما يزيد عن 80 مواطن من القرية.

في التاريخ

عرفت قرية حولا سابقاً باسم «أطرا» وهو اسم غير واضح معناه أو أصله، لكن فيما بعد أخذت اسمها الحالي ويقال أن البلدة كانت أصلاً على تلة الطيري (تلة خراب جنوبي البلدة) ولكن بعد أن حدث زلزال قوي نقلت البلدة إلى الموقع الذي يعرف بعريض النمل وقد سمي بهذا الاسم بعد أن هاجم البلدة أعداد هائلة من النمل الذي يعرف بالنمل الفارسي والذي فتك بالمحاصيل وقد ارتأى الأهالي تحويلها إلى مكانها الحالي حيث أصبحت تعرف بقرية حولا، وهذا الرأي راجح على غيره كون آثارهم واضحة في ذلك المكان من المسجد إلى الآبار إلى الجبانة والعديد من الحجار المربعة الكبيرة التي كانت يومها أركان منازلهم وقد قام أهالي البلدة بنقل الحجارة من تلة الطيري على الجمال والحمير لبناء منازلهم الجديدة. وابان الاحتلال الإسرائيلي قام خبراء الآثار الصهاينة بنقل عدة آثار من القرية أوّلها الشواهد التي كانت حول الشجرة التي تعرف بشجرة الحجة والتي تقول الرواية الشعبية أنّها الشجرة التي جلس تحتها نبيّ الله أيوب عليه السلام وألقى الحجة على أبنائه بأن لا يعبدوا من بعده إلّا الله وقد كانت تلك الشواهد بعدد نبي الله أيوب وأبنائه ومحفور عليها كتابات قديمة تناقل عبر الأجيال أنّها أسماء أبناء النبي يعقوب (ع) وقد شهد هذه الحادثة العديد من أهالي القرية ممن ما زال أبناؤهم على قيد الحياة. والحادثة الثانية هي حادثة الحفر والتنقيب عن الآثار التي شابها تكتم كبير وحراسة عسكرية مشدّدة إلى حين انتهاء العمل ونقل الآثار إلى داخل الكيان وهذه الحادثة حصلت بعد حادثة سلب آثار المدينة الفينيقة التي اكتشفت في بلدة يارون والتي تعود للحقبة الهللينية.

المساحة والموقع
تبلغ مساحة حولا حوالي 16 كلم مربع وتبعد عن العاصمة بيروت 110 كلم وعن مركز القضاء مرجعيون 20 كلم، يحدها من جهة الشرق قرية هونين والأراضي الفلسطينية المحتلة ومن جهة الشمال قريتي مركبا وطلوسة ومن جهة الغرب قريتي مجدل سلم وشقراء أما من جهة الجنوب فتحدها قرية ميس الجبل.

من علمائها
 الشيخ محمد بن سليمان جواد بن الشيخ حسن آل سليمان: أديب وشاعر درس على السيد علي محمود الأمين في شقرا، ولم يتابع دراسته، توفي في شبابه واصل اجداده من الساحل وانتقلوا إلى قرية حولا في جبل هونين.
 السيد ابن نجم الدين الاطراوي العاملي (نسبة للاسم القديم للبلدة وهو اطرا أو إطراء) وهو من علماء القرن الثامن الهجري ومن تلامذة الشهيد الأول محمد بن جمال الدين مكي العاملي وللعلامة الاطراوي كتاب في الفقه يعرف بمسائل الاطراوي ويعرف أيضاً بمسائل ابن نجم الدين.
 الشيخ نجم الدين بن عبد الإمام بن الشيخ شمس الدين والشيخ نجم الدين هو أحد تلامذة الشهيد الثاني صاحب الروضة البهية وما زال أعقابه في البلدة حتى يومنا الحاضر ويعرفون بآل عبد الإمام يتفرعون إلى عدة عائلات منها مصطفى ويونس وأيوب...

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي للبلدة
 http://www.jerusalemites.org/crimes/massacres/11.htm
 موقع بلدة حولا الاخباري

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة النبطية
تجمعات شيعية في لبنان
قرى جبل عامل
قضاء مرجعيون
أماكن مأهولة في قضاء مرجعيون

حولا


කාලය මැනීමේදී යුගාරම්භය ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන්නේ යම් කාලය මැනීමේ ක්‍රමවේදයක ආරම්භය ලෙස තෝරාගත් අවස්ථාවයි.

විවිධ දිනදසුන් ක්‍රමවේදවල යුගාරම්භ

ආගමික
 ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ ක්‍රමය :  ජේසුස් වහන්සේගේ උපත හෝ පිළිසිඳීම සිදුවූවා යැයි සාම්ප්‍රදායිකව පිළිගැනෙන වසර යුගාරම්භ වසර වේ.
 බුද්ධ වර්ෂ ක්‍රමය : බුදුන් වහන්සේගේ පරිනිර්වාණය සිදුවූවා යැයි සාම්ප්‍රදායිකව පිළිගැනෙන දිනය යුගාරම්භ දිනය වේ.

ජාතික හෝ දේශපාලනික
 ශාලිවාහන ශක වර්ෂ ක්‍රමය : ගෝතමපුත්‍ර සත්කර්ණී රජ විසින් ශකයන් පරාජය කල පසු මුලින්ම හිරු මීන රාශියෙන් මේශ රාශියට සංක්‍රමණය වූ අවස්ථාව යුගාරම්භ අවස්ථාවවේ.

වෙනත්

තාරකාවේදයේ යුගාරම්භ

පරිගණක ක්‍ෂේත්‍රයේ යුගාරම්භ

දින දසුන්
යුගාරම්භ

යුගාරම්භය


José Ayarzagüena Sanz (1952 - 2011) fue un herpetólogo español. Dirigió la Estación biológica de El Frío, Venezuela, y además trabajó para la Fundación Amigos del Coto de Doñana. Se doctoró por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en 1982 versando su tesis sobre la ecología del caimán de anteojos (Caiman crocodilus) o baba en los Llanos de Apure (Venezuela). Trabajo en los estados Amacuro y Apure, donde dedicó gran parte de su vida a la educación, colaborando y construyendo bases éticas y morales en todo aquel que lo rodeaba, incluso creó escuelas informales, sin fines de lucro para los trabajadores y residentes en Boca de Macareo (Delta Amacuro); donde se les enseñaba a leer, y actividades básicas para laborar.

Algunas publicaciones

Libros
 . 2008. Hato El Frío: el corazón de los llanos : en homenaje al legado ecológico de Iván Darío Maldonado (28.1.1913-8.9.2007). Editor C.A. Invega, 192 pp.

 . 1995. Situación actual de las poblaciones de Baba (Caiman crocodilus) sometidas a aprovechamiento comercial en los llanos venezolanos. N.º 5 de Publicaciones de la Asociación de Amigos de Doñana. Editor Asociación Amigos de Doñana, 71 pp.

 . 1992. Los centrolenidos de la Guayana venezolana. N.º 1 de Publicaciones de la Asociación de Amigos de Doñana. 48 pp.

 -----------------------------. 1983. Ecología del caiman de anteojos o baba (Caiman crocodilus Linnaeus) en los Llanos de Apure (Venezuela). Volumen 10, N.º 3 de Doñana: Acta vertebrata. Editor Estación Biológica de Doñaña, 136 pp.

 -----------------------------, . 1981. Los garceros del llano. Cuadernos Lagoven: Hombre y su ambiente. Editor Dto. de Relaciones Públicas de Lagoven Filial de Petróleos de Venezuela, 43 pp.

Epónimos
 Anomaloglossus ayarzaguenai (La Marca, 1997)
 Osteocephalus ayarzaguenai Gorzula & Señaris, 1997
 Typhlophis ayarzaguenai Señaris, 1998

Taxones descriptos

Zoólogos de Venezuela
Taxónomos de Venezuela
Profesores de Venezuela
Herpetólogos de Venezuela
Zoólogos de España del siglo XX
Escritores de España del siglo XX
Escritores en español del siglo XX
Escritores en inglés del siglo XX
Nacidos en Madrid
Fallecidos en Madrid

José Ayarzagüena


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 4 Ocak – Johann Friedrich Agricola, Alman besteci (ö. 1774)
 Ocak 13 – Richard Hurd, İngiliz yazar (ö. 1808)
 Ocak 27 – Samuel Foote, English dramatist and actor (ö. 1777)
 Ocak 30 – Charles De Geer, İsveçli sanayici ve böcekbilimci (ö. 1778)
 Şubat 8 – Sakuramachi, Japon imparatoru (ö. 1750)
 Mart 9 – Philip Yorke, İngiliz siyasetçi (ö. 1790)
 Mart 13 – Charles Bonnet, İsveçli doğabilimci ve yazar (ö. 1793)
 Mart 22 – Nicolas-Henri Jardin, Fransız mimar (ö. 1799)
 23 Nisan – Vilna Gaon, Litvan haham (ö. 1797)
 Mayıs 11 – Baron Münchhausen, Alman subay ve maceracı (ö. 1797)
 Mayıs 15 – Maximilian Hell, Slovak astronom (ö. 1792)
 Haziran 18 – Gilbert White, İngiliz doğabilimci ve din adamı(ö. 1793)
 Ağustos 8 – Carl Fredrik Pechlin, İsveçli siyasetçi (d. 1796)
 Ağustos 12 – Konrad Ekhof, Alman oyuncu (ö. 1778)
 Ağustos 18 – Laurence Shirley, English murderer (ö. 1760)
 Ağustos 30 – Samuel Whitbread, İngiliz siyasetçi (ö. 1796)
 Ekim 3 – Johann Peter Uz, Alman şair (ö. 1796)
 Ekim 4 – Giovanni Battista Piranesi, İtalyan sanatçı (ö. 1778)
 Ekim 8 – Jonathan Mayhew, Amerikalı bakan (ö. 1766)
 Ekim 19 – John Woolman, Amerikalı kölelik karşıtı din adamı (ö. 1772)
 Kasım 1 – Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, Fransız amiral (ö. 1791)
 Kasım 16 – Carlo Antonio Campioni, Fransa doğumlu besteci (ö. 1788)
 Aralık 14 – Justus Möser, Alman devlet adamı (ö. 1794)
 Aralık 26 – Gian Francesco Albani, İtalyan Katolik kardinal (ö. 1803)
 Aralık 31 – Charles Edward Stuart, İngiliz devlet adamı (ö. 1788)

Doğum günü ve ayı bilinmeyenler

 Denis Çiçerin - Çiçerin ailesi mensubu Rus korgeneral, Sibirya Krallığı valisi. (ö. 1785)

Ölümler
 Ocak – Francis Daniel Pastorius, Germanstown, Pennsylvania'nın kurucusu (d. 1651)
 31 Ocak – Thomas Grey, English privy councilor (d. 1645)
 27 Şubat – Samuel Parris, Prusyalı bakan (d. 1653)
 1 Nisan – Joseph Dudley, Sömürge valisi (d. 1647)
 21 Nisan – Antoine Hamilton, Fransız yazar (d. 1646)
 27 Haziran – Guillaume Amfrye de Chaulieu, Fransız şair (d. 1639)
 3 Ağustos
 Anthonie Heinsius, Hollandalı devlet adamı (d. 1641)
 Anne Finch, İngiliz şair (d. 1661)
 9 Ağustos – Simon Ockley, İngiliz doğu bilimci(d. 1678)
 17 Ağustos – Anne Lefèvre, Fransız bilim insanı (d. 1654)
 3 Eylül – Henri de Massue, Fransız asker ve diplomat (d. 1648)
 10 Eylül – Antoine Coysevox, Fransız heykeltıraş (d. 1640)
 17 Kasım – John Rackham, İngiliz korsan, Calico Jack olarak bilinir
 20 Kasım – Peder Tordenskjold, Norveçli kahraman (d. 1691)
 tarihi bilinmeyen – Shahzada Assadullah Khan Abdali, İran'ın Herat valisi (d. 1687)

1720


Hringþokan, einnig kölluð Messier 57 (skst. M57), er hringlaga gasþoka í stjörnumerkinu Hörpunni.

Gasþoka

Hringþokan


Kozana (Türkçesi Kozan, Yunancası Κοζάνη Kozani, Ulahçası Cojani), Yunanistan'ın Batı Makedonya bölgesinde, aynı adı taşıyan ilin (nomos) idarî merkezi olan şehirdir. 2001 nüfusu 47.500'dir.

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde Balkanların önemli merkezlerinden biriydi. Epir bölgesi ile Selanik arasındaki yol güzergâhı üzerinde bulunması nedeniyle 17. yüzyıl ve 18. yüzyılda Orta Avrupa ülkeleri ile hayli gelişmiş ticari ilişkiler kurmuş olup, bu dönemden kalma gözalıcı eserleri barındırmaktadır. Bunların başlıcaları 1664 tarihli Aya Nikola Kilisesi ve saat kulesi (Mamatsios), 1668 tarihli Rum Mektebi ve kütüphanesi gelmektedir.

Bugün de İyon Denizi sahilini Türkiye sınırına bağlayan Via Egnatia otoyolu Kozan'dan geçmektedir.

İklim

Kaynakça

Yunanistan'daki şehirler

Kozana


Eric Balfour  () este un actor american și cântăreț.

Filmografie

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1977
Actori americani

Eric Balfour


Sergio Verdinelli (n. Buenos Aires; 12 de diciembre de 1976) es un músico, baterista y docente argentino, orientado al jazz y al rock, que se desempeñó en las bandas de Fito Páez, Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas y Luis Alberto Spinetta.

Biografía
Nació el 12 de diciembre de 1976 y comenzó sus estudios de batería a los 10 años. En su adolescencia tuvo como maestro a Pepi Taveira y más tarde se formó en armonía y composición con Ernesto Jodos, Mono Fontana y Enrique Norris, entre otros. A lo largo de su carrera ha participado en proyectos musicales muy variados, pasando por el rock, el jazz y el folklore argentino.

Desde el 2002 lidera su propio proyecto musical acompañado por diversos músicos entre los que se encuentran Ernesto Jodos, Patricio Carposi, Mariano Otero, Juan Pablo Arredondo y Rodrigo Domínguez. Lleva grabados dos discos: Primo (Buri, 2005) y Sicomoro (Buri, 2009).

Desde 2004 en adelante fue integrante del grupo de Luis Alberto Spinetta. Acompañó a Fito Páez durante 3 años y fue parte de los Illia Kuryaki entre los años 1991 a 1995 y 1997 a 2000.  Trabaja actualmente en distintos proyectos con Pepi Taveira, Rodrigo Domínguez, Juan Cruz de Urquiza, Ernesto Jodos, Mariano Otero, Luis Natch, Hernán Merlo, Ramiro Flores, Hernán Jacinto, Diego Urbano, Patricio Carpossi y Richard Nant entre otros.
En la última edición del Festival Buenos Aires Jazz, en diciembre de 2009, acompañó al destacado guitarrista Steve Cárdenas.
También participó de variados proyectos musicales junto a músicos como Emmanuel Horvilleur, Dante Spinetta, Guillermo Klein, Enrique Norris, Juan Carlos Baglietto, Marcelo Outfraind, Hernán Jacinto, Mariana Baraj. Fue parte del último trabajo del contrabajista Hernán Merlo "Consin", editado por el prestigioso sello español Fresh Sound.

Como docente se desempeña desde el año 2006 como Jefe de Cátedra en la Carrera de Tecnicatura de Jazz en el Conservatorio de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires "Manuel de Falla". También formó parte de la Escuela de Música Contemporánea de Buenos Aires.
En diciembre de 2005 recibió el Premio "Clarín" elegido como "Artista Revelación de Jazz". Desde el año 2007 es honrado con el Endorseer de Baterías Grestch y desde el año 2000 con el de los platillos Istanbul.

Discografía

Con Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas
 Fabrico cuero (1991)
 Horno para calentar los mares (1993)
 Versus (1997)
 Leche (1999)

Con Luis Alberto Spinetta
 Pan, 2006 (integrando la banda de Luis Alberto Spinetta)
 Un mañana, 2008 (integrando la banda de Luis Alberto Spinetta)
 Spinetta y las Bandas Eternas, 2009 (integrando la banda de Luis Alberto Spinetta)

Premios
 2005: Premio Clarín como "Artista Revelación de Jazz".
 2009: Premios Carlos Gardel al mejor álbum del año y al mejor álbum de rock por Un mañana.
 2009: Nominado Grammy Latino en la categoría "Mejor Álbum de Rock Vocal", por Un mañana.

Véase también
 Orígenes del rock argentino
 Rock argentino

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Porteños
Bateristas de rock de Argentina
Bateristas
Músicos de rock de Argentina

Sergio Verdinelli


El Río Machángara es un río de Ecuador. Corre a lo largo de la ciudad de Cuenca y es uno de los cuatro ríos que la atraviesan.

El río nace al norte del Parque nacional Cajas de la laguna Machángaracocha en los páramos de las parroquias rurales Checa y Chiquintad del cantón Cuenca, y pasa por la parte norte de la ciudad.

El río se une al noreste de Cuenca con el río Tomebamba, cerca de la urbanización Valle de los ríos y se convierte en el río Cuenca, afluente del río Paute. El agua del Machángara luego de pasar por otros ríos llega hasta el río Amazonas y luego al océano Atlántico.

Véase también
 Río Tomebamba.
 Río Yanuncay.
 Río Tarqui.
 Río Cuenca.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
  GEOnet Names Server
 Water Resources Assessment of Ecuador
 Cajas National Park Cuenca-Ecuador - Los cuatro ríos de Cuenca

Machangara
Provincia de Azuay
Cuenca (Ecuador)

Río Machángara


est un homme politique japonais membre du parti Kōmeitō, élu a la Chambre des représentants à la Diète (le parlement national).

Biographie
Né à Sakai, il grandit dans la préfecture de Saitama. Diplômé de l'Université de Kyoto, il travaille comme médecin pendant dix ans. En 1993, il est élu pour la première fois à la Chambre des Représentants.

Idées et réalisations politiques
Fukushima a fait voter une loi aidant les familles de mères célibataires. Alors qu'il est membre du parlement, il s'occupe d'idées et de sujets liés à sa profession de médecin: transplantation de moelle osseuse, lutte contre les allergies causées par des produits chimique dans de nouveaux immeubles ("sick building" syndrome), encourager l'usage de techniques de fertilisation artificielle, ainsi que des mesures de protection de l'enfance et de couverture des dépenses médicales pour les bas salaires.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Membre de la chambre des représentants du Japon
Étudiant de l'université de Kyoto
Naissance en janvier 1958
Naissance à Sakai

Yutaka Fukushima


An Aegilops speltoides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ignaz Friedrich Tausch. An Aegilops speltoides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aegilops, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Nag-uusahan nga subspecies: A. s. ligustica.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Aegilops

Aegilops speltoides


O toirão-barrado (nome científico: Turnix suscitator) é uma ave da família Turnicidae. É residente numa área que se estende desde a Índia através da Ásia tropical até ao sul da China, à Indonésia e às Filipinas.

Turnix

Toirão-barrado


.st São Tomé ve Príncipe için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır. (CcTLD)

São Tomé ve Príncipe
İnternet ülke alan kodları
1997 tanıtımları

.st


Henri François Adolphe Bauër (* 17. März 1851 in Paris; † 21. Oktober 1915 ebenda), der im literarischen Leben ausschließlich die Namensform Henry Bauër benutzte, war ein französischer Journalist. Als 19-Jähriger kämpfte er für die Pariser Commune, unter anderem als Offizier der Truppen der Commune in der Blutigen Maiwoche, und wurde nach der Niederschlagung des Aufstands für insgesamt sieben Jahre nach Neukaledonien verbannt. Nach seiner Rückkehr erreichte er eine einflussreiche Position als Theaterkritiker und Journalist in der Pariser Zeitung L'Écho de Paris. Er setzte sich dort massiv für die neuere Literatur ein, insbesondere für den Naturalismus. Unter anderem unterstützte er Émile Zola sowohl in seinen literarischen Ambitionen als auch in der Dreyfus-Affäre und gehörte zu den wenigen Befürwortern von Alfred Jarrys Drama König Ubu.

Leben

Herkunft und Jugend
Bauër entstammte einer Liebesbeziehung zwischen Alexandre Dumas dem Älteren und Anna Bauër, einer deutschen Jüdin aus Baden, der Frau des in Paris lebenden österreichischen Handelsvertreters Karl-Anton Bauer (der sich in Frankreich mit dem Trema-ë schrieb). Das uneheliche Kind wuchs allein bei der Mutter auf, nachdem Antoine Bauër nach Australien ausgewandert war. Anna Bauër erwies sich als erfolgreiche Geschäftsfrau und konnte ihren Sohn zeitlebens finanziell unterstützen.

Henry Bauër besuchte das Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris und immatrikulierte sich danach für ein Studium der Rechte und der Medizin, das er jedoch nicht zielstrebig betrieb. Er bewegte sich in der Bohème des Quartier Latin, las Proudhon und schloss sich zunehmend revolutionären Kreisen an. Im Zusammenhang mit der Organisation von oder Teilnahme an öffentlichen Veranstaltungen kam er mehrmals mit der Justiz des Zweiten Kaiserreichs in Konflikt. So wurden gegen ihn im Lauf des Jahres 1870 insgesamt mehrere Monate Gefängnis wegen verschiedener politischer Aktivitäten verhängt (Aufruhr, Veranstaltung öffentlicher Versammlungen ohne Genehmigung, Majestätsbeleidigung usw.), doch wurde Bauër am Tag der Ausrufung der Republik, dem 4. September 1870, von einer demonstrierenden Menge befreit.

Nach der Kriegserklärung Frankreichs an Deutschland vom 19. Juli 1870 hatte sich Bauër freiwillig zum Kriegsdienst gemeldet. Noch bevor seine Einberufung erfolgte, schloss er sich der Garde nationale an.

Kämpfer für die Commune

Nach seiner Beteiligung an den Demonstrationen des 31. Oktober 1870 wurde Bauër erneut verhaftet. Im Gefängnis teilte er eine Zelle mit Gustave Flourens, einer späteren Führungspersönlichkeit der Pariser Commune, die ihn stark beeindruckte, wie er in seinen Memoiren berichtet. Einheiten der Nationalgarde befreiten ihn in der Nacht vom 21. auf den 22. Januar 1871. Er begann nun für verschiedene revolutionäre Zeitungen zu schreiben, insbesondere den von Jules Vallès herausgegebenen Cri du Peuple. Für diese Beiträge wählte er als Unterschrift die Namensform "Henry Bauër", die er zeitlebens beibehalten hat. In seinen Artikeln kritisierte der Neunzehnjährige die Kapitulation der französischen Streitkräfte und nahm Partei für die Kräfte der Arbeiterklasse, so in dem Beitrag Les jeunes (deutsch: Die Jungen) vom 23. Februar 1871:

"Bei all dieser Schande und all diesen Renegaten ist nur eine Partei treu auf ihrem Kampfposten geblieben: Das ist die Partei der Arbeiter, das ist die Partei der Enterbten, das ist die Partei der Zukunft. Sie muss die unsere sein, für uns, die wir zwanzig Jahre zählen."

Zur Zeit der Revolution der Pariser Commune vom 18. März 1871 war Bauër Hauptmann ("Capitaine") der Nationalgarde im Generalstab von Émile Eudes, am 10. Mai wurde er zum Major der sechsten Légion fédérée der Commune ernannt, am 22. Mai zum Chef des Generalstabs von Dominique Régère. Als Offizier beteiligte er sich an den verlustreichen Barrikadenkämpfen der Semaine sanglante ("Blutwoche"), insbesondere im Quartier Montparnasse.

Nach der Niederschlagung der Commune floh Bauër aus der Hauptstadt. Am 21. Juni 1871 wurde er Joinville-le-Pont aufgegriffen und in die Orangerie von Versailles gebracht, wo die gefangenen Communards festgehalten wurden. Man stellte ihn vor ein Kriegsgericht, das ihn am 25. September aufgrund der bei ihm vorgefundenen Offizierspatente zu Verbannung verurteilte. Ein Berufungsverfahren und ein Gnadengesuch seiner Mutter blieben erfolglos. Am 1. Mai 1872 wurde Bauër zusammen mit 300 weiteren Communards auf ein Schiff nach Neukaledonien verbracht, den Ort seiner Verbannung.

In der Strafkolonie
Nach fünfmonatiger Reise, zum Teil in einer Strafzelle bei Wasser und Brot, weil er die Ausführung eines Befehls verweigert hatte, traf Bauër in Nouméa ein und musste sich auf der Halbinsel Ducos ansiedeln, wo die französische Strafkolonie lag. Über die Entbehrungen auf Neukaledonien berichtete er regelmäßig in Briefen an seine Mutter, die ebenfalls in Verdacht geraten war, die Commune unterstützt zu haben, und deswegen aus Frankreich ausgewiesen wurde. Sie lebte in den folgenden Jahren in Genf und Lausanne und schickte ihrem Sohn immer wieder Geld für seinen Lebensunterhalt.

Auf Neukaledonien lernte Bauër zahlreiche führende Communards kennen. Vor allem mit Louise Michel verband ihn bald eine enge Freundschaft, die zu einem lebenslangen Briefwechsel führte. Bauër schrieb Berichte für französische Zeitungen über das neukaledonische Bagno und organisierte, häufig in Zusammenarbeit mit Louise Michel, zahlreiche Kulturveranstaltungen, unter anderem einen Abend mit kanakischer Musik. Zudem verfasste er ein Drama: La révanche de Gaëtan, das 1879 gedruckt wurde.

Trotz Bauërs Bitten, sich dies zu ersparen, schiffte sich Anna Bauër nach Neukaledonien ein, um ihn zu besuchen. Sie traf Anfang 1875 in Nouméa ein, mietete sich ein Haus und verbrachte dort 15 Monate, bis sie vom Gouverneur der Strafkolonie ausgewiesen wurde.

Am 12. Juli 1876 stellte Bauër ein Gnadengesuch an den Präsidenten der französischen Republik Patrice de Mac-Mahon, das jedoch im März 1877 abgewiesen wurde. Nach dem Rücktritt Mac-Mahons im Januar 1879 beschloss die französische Nationalversammlung eine Teilamnestie für Taten im Zusammenhang mit der Commune, auf der Liste der Amnestierten fehlte Bauërs Name jedoch. Anna Bauër setzte nun sämtliche Hebel in Bewegung. Im April 1879 bat sie in einem Brief an den neuen französischen Präsidenten Jules Grévy erneut um die Begnadigung ihres Sohns und fügte Empfehlungsschreiben von Jules Favre, Lockroy (dem Sohn des älteren Lockroy) und Victor Hugo bei. Diesmal war sie erfolgreich. Am 19. Juli 1879 bestieg Bauër das Schiff nach Frankreich, wo er im Oktober eintraf.

Der streitbare Theaterkritiker

Am 24. März 1880 heiratete der gerade 29 Jahre alte gewordene Bauër, sehr gegen den Willen seiner Mutter, die 13 Jahre jüngere Pauline Lemariée. Zu den Trauzeugen zählte Louis Blanc. In den Flitterwochen besuchte das junge Paar die Bayreuther Festspiele – Bauër schwärmte zeitlebens für Richard Wagners Musiktheater, was sich auch in seiner journalistischen Tätigkeit widerspiegelte. 1882 wurde das erste Kind der Bauërs geboren, Charles; 1888 der zweite Sohn Gérard. 1884 starb Anna Bauër.

1880 begann Bauër auch wieder als Journalist zu arbeiten. Zunächst schrieb er für Le Réveil, zu dessen Mitarbeitern unter anderem Paul Verlaine gehörte. Dort wurde Alphonse Daudet auf ihn aufmerksam und bestimmte ihn zu seinem Nachfolger als Theaterkritiker. Das Blatt ging bald ein, aber 1884 unternahm der Verleger des Réveil Valentin Simond einen neuen, erfolgreicheren Versuch mit größeren Geldmitteln: die Tageszeitung L'Écho de Paris. Dort blieb Bauër bis 1898. Er gehörte in dieser Zeit zu den einflussreichsten Theaterkritikern Frankreichs. Regelmäßig veröffentlichte er eine Kolumne auf der Titelseite des Blattes; er behielt sich alle wichtigen Premierenkritiken der Pariser Theater vor; zweimal wöchentlich schrieb er eine "Chronik" des literarischen Lebens in Paris.

Vor allem das junge naturalistische Theater lag ihm am Herzen. Bauër trat vehement für das Théâtre Libre von André Antoine und das Théâtre de l'Œuvre von Lugné-Poë ein, verhalf Autoren wie Octave Mirbeau zum Durchbruch, ergriff die Partei von Émile Zola in den Auseinandersetzungen um seine literarischen Texte, aber auch in der Dreyfus-Affäre und trug in seiner Position als Kritiker viel dazu bei, die von ihm sogenannten "hommes du nord" (Menschen des Nordens) wie Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg und Lew Tolstoi in Frankreich einzuführen. Doch er unterstützte auch andere junge Künstler, die nicht dem Naturalismus zugerechnet werden können. So verteidigte Bauër Oscar Wilde und seine Salome gegen heftige Angriffe, die sich auf die Dekadenz des Werks und die Homosexualität des Dichters richteten. Beim Theaterskandal um Alfred Jarrys König Ubu stellte er sich als einziger namhafter Kritiker auf die Seite Jarrys.

Eine besondere Vorliebe hatte Bauër für die Schauspielerin Sarah Bernhardt, deren Leistungen er in vielen enthusiastischen Artikeln rühmte. Es kam auch zu einer leidenschaftlichen Affäre zwischen den beiden, die sieben Jahre angedauert haben soll.

Während seiner Tätigkeit beim Écho veröffentlichte Bauër zudem eine Reihe von Büchern. Nicht sehr erfolgreich waren der Roman Une comédienne (1889) und die Novellensammlung De la vie et du rêve (1896), während der stark autobiografisch getönte Roman Mémoires d'un jeune homme auch im Ausland Beachtung fand (Marcel Cerf berichtet sogar von einer Übersetzung ins Norwegische).

Im Laufe seiner Kritikerkarriere brachte es Bauër zu einem beträchtlichen Einkommen. So bewohnte seine Familie ein Haus in Le Vésinet, er konnte sich ein weiteres Haus in der Bretagne leisten und zudem eine über zwei Stockwerke verteilte Wohnung in Paris. Da er jedoch großzügig Geld ausgab, sowohl zur Förderung von Theaterprojekten als auch privat, war er nach dem Ende seiner Tätigkeit beim Écho finanziell nicht gut gestellt.

Späte Jahre
Bereits Bauërs Parteinahme für Zola und Dreyfus hatte nicht mit der politischen Linie des Écho harmoniert, das tendenziell eher konservativ ausgerichtet war. Die Spannungen verstärkten sich noch mit den Auseinandersetzungen um den König Ubu. Daher verließ Bauër schließlich 1898 das Blatt und schrieb nunmehr Theaterkritiken, freilich mit deutlich geringerer Reichweite, für La Petite République, eine sozialistische Zeitung. Gelegentlich schrieb er weiterhin in einflussreichen Blättern, so trat er unter anderem 1902 in Le Figaro vehement für Claude Debussys Oper Pelléas et Mélisande ein.

Eine Sammlung seiner "Chroniken" für das Écho erschien 1899 unter dem Titel Idée et Réalité. Zudem versuchte sich Bauër als Autor von Komödien. Sa maîtresse (1900 geschrieben, 1903 gedruckt) wurde immerhin am Théâtre du Vaudeville aufgeführt, erlebte aber nur zwölf Vorstellungen. Chez les Bourgeois (gedruckt 1909) wurde kaum beachtet.

1915 erkrankte Bauër und reiste nach Évian-les-Bains an den Genfersee, um sich dort zu erholen. Sein Zustand verschlechterte sich aber schnell, so dass sein Sohn Gérard ihn nach Paris ins Krankenhaus brachte. Dort starb er am 21. Oktober 1915 mit 64 Jahren. Die Zeremonie fand auf dem Père Lachaise statt, die Asche des Feuerbestatteten wurde zunächst in die Familiengruft nach Chatou gebracht und 1963 auf Veranlassung von Gérard Bauër auf den Friedhof von Charonne überführt, wo seitdem ein Grabstein an Henry Bauër erinnert.

Persönlichkeit und Werk
Bauër wird in der zeitgenössischen Literatur als "beau géant" (schöner Riese) beschrieben: ein über 1 Meter 80 großer, beleibter Mann mit einer mächtigen, früh ergrauten Haarmähne und kräftiger Gesichtsfarbe, der mit zunehmendem Alter seinem biologischen Vater Alexandre Dumas immer ähnlicher gesehen haben soll. Er galt als aufbrausend, polemisch, aber sehr wohlwollend gegenüber allen jungen Künstlern, die irgendwie ein "neues Profil" zeigten. Zudem wird berichtet, dass er keinem Streit, keinem Duell, aber auch keiner Liebschaft aus dem Wege ging.

Der Einfluss von Bauër in der Pariser Kulturszene wird als beträchtlich beschrieben; in einem zeitgenössischen Bericht heißt es, er sei der Exponent der fortschrittlichen Theaterkritik gewesen und der große Gegenspieler der traditionalistischen Kritiker, besonders von Francisque Sarcey und Jules Lemaître. Jeder, der mehr als einmal eine wichtige Generalprobe besucht habe, kenne seine auffällige Erscheinung aus der Loge des ersten Rangs. Sein Wort sei insbesondere bei den Künstlern Gesetz gewesen. Diesen Einfluss setzte er auch großzügig ein, unter anderem, um das Theaterprogramm zu beeinflussen (etwa im Théâtre libre) oder um von ihm bevorzugten Schauspielerinnen Rollen zu verschaffen.

In seinem Werk gilt mithin als bedeutendster Teil seine journalistische Tätigkeit, während seine Versuche im poetischen Schreiben als idealistisch, aber thesenhaft galten und wenig erfolgreich waren. Als Journalist trat er in seinen "Chroniken" und Theaterkritiken vehement für die Gleichstellung der Frau, gegen die Diskriminierung von Homosexuellen und Juden und für Abrüstung und Pazifismus ein.

Werke
 La revanche du Gaëtan. Nouméa 1879, Locamus
 Une comédienne. Scènes de la vie de théâtre. Paris 1889, Charpentier. Online bei Gallica
 Mémoires d'un jeune homme. Paris 1895, Charpentier. Online bei Gallica
 De la vie et du rêve. Paris 1896, H. Simonis Empis
 Idée et réalité. Paris 1899, H. Simonis Empis. Online bei Gallica
 Sa maîtresse. Comédie en 4 actes. Paris 1903, Stock
 Chez les Bourgeois. Comédie en 4 actes. Paris 1909, Stock

Zu beachten ist, dass die internationale Normdatei VIAF unter der entsprechenden ID-Nummer mehrere Personen verschmilzt: neben Henri Bauër den Verfasser einer Practical History of the Violin (New York 1911), Heinrich Bauer (1854–1915), und den Herausgeber einer Komposition von Johann Simon Mayr, Heinrich Bauer (1922–1987).

Literatur
 Marcel Cerf: Le Mousquetaire de la Plume. La vie d'un grand critique dramatique: Henry Bauër, fils naturel d'Alexandre Dumas, 1851–1915. Académie d'Histoire, Paris 1975
 Angelo Mariani: Album Mariani. Portraits, biographies, autographes. Band 3. 1897 – mit Biografie (erste Seite, zweite Seite) und Porträt und Autograph Bauërs (Radierung von Fernand Desmoulin)
 Eugène Tardieu: Henri Bauer. Nachruf in L'Écho de Paris, 22. Oktober 1915, S. 2
 Ungezeichneter Nachruf in Le Figaro, 22. Oktober 1915, S. 3

Weblinks

 Notice de personne in der Französischen Nationalbibliothek

Einzelnachweise

Journalist (Frankreich)
Theaterkritiker
Pariser Kommune
Franzose
Geboren 1851
Gestorben 1915
Mann

Henry Bauër


Das Schloss Villers-sur-Lesse () liegt im Ortsteil Villers-sur-Lesse der belgischen Gemeinde Rochefort in der wallonischen Provinz Namur.

Geschichte
Das Schloss von Villers-sur-Lesse wurde 1316 zum ersten Mal urkundlich erwähnt. Ursprünglich gehörte das Land um Villers den Herren von Celles. Durch die Heirat von Catherine de Celles mit Itel-Frederic von Merode im Jahr 1637, kam der Besitz an die Grafen von Merode, Herren über Ossogne-lez-Havelange. Schließlich fiel das Anwesen an den Vetter, den Marquis de Merode-Deinze, und wurde vor 1733, an Gideon Desandrouin verkauft.

Gideon Desandrouin war ein wohlhabender Geschäftsmann in den frühen Anfängen der Industrialisierung der Glas-, Kohle- und Metallindustrie in der Region von Charleroi. Er besaß bereits andere Adelssitze, so zum Beispiel die Burg Lodelinsart, Haus Heppignies und Haus Lombois. Der deutsche Kaiser machte ihn 1733, kurz vor seinem Tod in seinem Anwesen von Lodelinsart, zum Vicomte.

Nach dem Tod seines Vaters, erbte Jean-Jacques Desandrouin das Gut. Er heiratete zuerst Marie-Charlotte de Houelle de Pommeray  in zweiter Ehe dann Jourdaine Le Tirant de Villers, die Tochter des Marquis Louis de Villers.

1857 wurde das Schloss von einem Brand teilweise verwüstet. Ein Flügel blieb zerstört, und nur der rechte Flügel wurde neu aufgebaut. 1892 kaufte der belgische König Leopold II. das Anwesen mit 37 Hektar Grundbesitz, teilweise mit seltenen Bäumen bepflanzt, von den Grafen Ferdinand und Felix von Cunchy und vereinte es mit seinem über 1640 Hektar umfassenden Grundbesitz der Domaine Ardennes ganz in der Nähe. Das königliche Sommerschloss liegt auf einer Anhöhe in Sichtweite entfernt. Leopold wollte Villers-sur-Lesse zur Sommerresidenz für die künftigen Herzöge von Brabant zu machen. Seit 1903 gehört das Schloss zum Royal Trust.

Einzelnachweise

Villerssurlesse
Rochefort (Belgien)
Villerssurlesse

Schloss Villers-sur-Lesse


Andrei Bolocan () este un prezentator de televiziune moldovean și umorist stand-up.

Biografie
A absolvit Liceul Mircea Eliade, după care a urmat cursuri la Academia de Studii Economice a Moldovei, o facultate de filozofie în Germania și încă o universitate în România, fără a absolvi vreo universitate. Și-a început cariera în radio, apoi din 2010 a continuat activitatea la televiziunea Jurnal TV. Este cunoscut datorită show-urilor de televiziune "Sare și Piper", "Ministerul Adevărului", dar și alte proiecte media. A mai prezentat și emisiunea "Deșteptarea", tot la Jurnal TV.

În prezent este realizator, producător și prezentator al emisiunii "Lumina", difuzate inițial doar pe internet, iar ulterior, din septembrie 2017, și pe canalul TV8. Din 2018, la același canal, prezintă, împreună cu Nata Albot, emisiunea "Internetu' Grăiește".

Viață personală
Este căsătorit cu Nata Albot, împreună cu care are patru copii.

Referințe

Legături externe
  (pagina publică)
  (profilul public)

Interviuri
 Andrei Bolocan: Am înțeles că poți să iubești, și după asta să te trezești și să nu mai iubești. What a twist!
 Andrei Bolocan , martie 2011, Nr. 83, VIP Magazin

Nașteri în 1987
Nașteri pe 17 iulie
Prezentatori de televiziune din Republica Moldova
Moldoveni în viață
Români în viață
Oameni din Chișinău
Absolvenți ai Academiei de Studii Economice a Moldovei

Andrei Bolocan


Dişliler ya da dişli çarklar, tork ve hız iletmek veya dönüştürmek üzere başka uyumlu dişli çark parçasıyla birbirine geçen kesilmiş dişlere veya bazı durumlarda sonradan eklenmiş dişlere sahip dairesel bir makine elemanıdır. Dişlilerin çalışmasındaki temel prensip kaldıraçların temel prensibine benzemektedir. Dişli çarklar, bir güç kaynağının hızını, torkunu ve yönünü değiştirebilmektedir. Farklı boyutlardaki dişliler, dişli oranı sayesinde torku etkileyerek mekanik bir avantaj yaratabilmektedir ve bu yüzden de bir basit makine olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Birbirine geçen iki dişlinin dairesel hızları ve torkları, çap ölçüleriyle orantılı olarak farklılık göstermektedir. Birbirine geçen iki dişlinin tüm dişlerinin yapısı birbiriyle aynıdır.

Beraber çalışan iki veya daha fazla birbirine geçen dişlilere dişli takımı veya şanzıman (transmisyon) denir. Şanzımandaki dişliler, çapraz kayışlı kasnak sistemindeki tekerlere benzemektedir. Ayrıca dişlilerin dairesel hareket yerine düz bir hat üzerinde hareket sağladığı türü de bulunmaktadır ve bunlara kremayer dişli denmektedir.

Dişli çarkların bir avantajı, dişlerin kaymayı önlemesidir.

Tarih
Dişlilerin bilinen en eski örnekleri Çin'de bulunmuştur ve MÖ 4. yüzyıldan kalmadır. Bu örnek şu anda Çin'in Henan Bölgesi Luoyang Müzesi'nde sergilenmektedir. Avrupa'da bulunan en eski dişliler ise, astronomik konumları hesaplamaya yarayan Antikythera Düzeneği'nin içinde bulunmuştur. Üretim tarihinin MÖ 100 ila 150 yılları arasında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Dişliler MS 50 yılının Roma Mısırı'nda İskenderiyeli Heron'un çalışmalarında da görülmektedir fakat kökenleri MÖ 3. yüzyıldaki Ptolemaios Krallığı'ndaki İskenderiye Kütüphanesi'nin iç mekaniğine kadar izlenebilmektedir ve Yunan matematikçi Arşimet (MÖ 287-212) tarafından büyük ölçüde geliştirilmiştir.

Formülü
n2.r2=n1.r1
n = dişlinin devir sayısı
r = dişlinin yarıçapı

örneğin; 4.10=20.n2

40=20n2

n2 = 2 bulunur.

 Profil ölçülerinin belirlenmesinde modül, dp, cp, zincir, triger gibi formlardan yararlanılır. Modül, dp ve cp formlarında bu amaca ek olarak profil açısı bulunur. Profil açısı düz, 15°, 20°, 30° veya 14°30' gibi.

Ayrıca bakınız
Krank mili
Mekanik
Şanzıman

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Makine elemanları

Dişli çark


John Endecott (also spelled Endicott; before 1600 – 15 March 1664/1665), regarded as one of the Fathers of New England, was the longest-serving governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which became the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He served a total of 16 years, including most of the last 15 years of his life. When not serving as governor, he was involved in other elected and appointed positions from 1628 to 1665 except for the single year of 1634.

Endecott was a zealous and somewhat hotheaded Puritan, with Separatist attitudes toward the Anglican Church. This sometimes put him at odds with Nonconformist views that were dominant among the colony's early leaders, which became apparent when he gave shelter to the vocally Separatist Roger Williams. Endecott also argued that women should dress modestly and that men should keep their hair short, and issued judicial decisions banishing individuals who held religious views that did not accord well with those of the Puritans. He notoriously defaced the English flag because he saw St George's Cross as a symbol of the papacy, and had four Quakers put to death for returning to the colony after their banishment. An expedition he led in 1636 is considered the opening offensive in the Pequot War, which practically destroyed the Pequot tribe as an entity.

Endecott used some of his properties to propagate fruit trees; a pear tree he planted still lives in Danvers, Massachusetts. He also engaged in one of the earliest attempts to develop a mining industry in the colonies when copper ore was found on his land. His name is found on a rock in Lake Winnipesaukee, carved by surveyors sent to identify the Massachusetts colony's northern border in 1652. Places and institutions are named for him, and (like many early colonists) he has several notable descendants.

Life

Little is known of Endecott's origins. 19th century biographers believed he hailed from Dorchester, Dorset, due to his significant later association with people from that area. In the early 20th century, historian Roper Lethbridge proposed that Endecott was born circa 1588 in or near Chagford in Devon. In the 16th century the prominent Endecott family, together with the Whiddons, Knapmans and Lethbridges, owned most of the mines around the stannary town of Chagford, which might—if he is indeed from this family—explain his interest in developing copper mining. (Based on this evidence, Chagford now has a house from the period named in Endecott's honour.)

However, more recent research by the New England Historic Genealogical Society has identified problems with Lethbridge's claims, which they dispute. According to their research, Endecott may have been born in or near Chagford, but there is no firm evidence for this, nor is there evidence that identifies his parents.  They conclude, based on available evidence, that he was probably born no later than 1600. A John Endecott was active in Devon early in the 17th century, but there is no firm evidence connecting him to this Endecott.

Very little is known of Endecott's life before his association with colonisation efforts in the 1620s. He was known to Sir Edward Coke, and may have come to know Roger Williams through this connection. He was highly literate, and spoke French. Some early colonial documents refer to him as "Captain Endecott", indicating some military experience, and other records suggest he had some medical training.

Settlement in the New World
In March 1627/28, Endecott was one of seven signatories to a land grant given to "The New England Company for a Plantation in Massachusetts" (or the New England Company) by the Earl of Warwick on behalf of the Plymouth Council for New England; the council was at the time the umbrella organisation overseeing English colonisation efforts in North America between 40 and 48 degrees latitude.

Endecott was chosen to lead the first expedition, and sailed for the New World aboard the Abigail with fifty or so "planters and servants" on 20 June 1628. The settlement they organized was first called Naumkeag, after the local Indian tribe, but was eventually renamed Salem in 1629. The area was already occupied by settlers of the failed Dorchester Company, some of whose backers also participated in the New England Company. This group of earlier settlers, led by Roger Conant, had migrated from a settlement on Cape Ann (near present-day Gloucester, Massachusetts) after it was abandoned. Endecott was not formally named governor of the new colony until it was issued a royal charter in 1629. At that time, he was appointed governor by the Company's council in London, and Matthew Craddock was named the Company's governor in London.

Endecott's responsibility was to establish the colony and to prepare it for the arrival of additional settlers. The winters of 1629 and 1630 were difficult compared to those in England, and he called on the Plymouth Colony for medical assistance. His wife, who had been ill on the voyage over, died that winter. Other difficulties he encountered included early signs of religious friction among the colony's settlers (dividing between Nonconformists and Separatists), and poor relations with Thomas Morton, whose failed Wessagusset Colony and libertine practices (which included a maypole and dancing) were anathema to the conservative Puritanism practiced by most settlers in the Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies. Early in his term as governor he visited the abandoned site of Morton's colony and had the maypole taken down. When one group of early settlers wanted to establish a church independent of that established by the colonial leadership, he had their leaders summarily sent back to England.

Early 1630s
Endecott's first tenure as governor came to an end in 1630, with the arrival of John Winthrop and the colonial charter. The company had reorganised itself, relocating its seat to the colony itself, with Winthrop as its sole governor. After seeing the conditions at Salem, Winthrop decided to relocate the colony's seat at the mouth of the Charles River, where he founded what is now the city of Boston. Endecott, who was chosen as one of the governor's Assistants (a precursor to the later notion of a Governor's Council), chose to remain in Salem, where he was one of its leading citizens for the rest of his life, serving in roles as town councilor and militia leader, in addition to statewide roles as militia leader, magistrate, deputy governor, and governor. He established a plantation called "Orchard" in Salem Village (now known as Danvers), where he cultivated seedlings of fruit trees. One particular pear tree, brought over as a sapling on one of the early settlement convoys, still lives and bears fruit; it is known as the Endicott Pear Tree.

In the early 1630s the religious conflict between the Nonconformists and the Separatists was the primary source of political disagreement in the colony, and it was embodied by the churches established in Boston and Salem. The Salem church adhered to Separatist teachings, which sought a complete break with the Church of England, while Nonconformist teachings, which were held by Winthrop and most of the colonial leadership in Boston, sought to reform the Anglican church from within.

The arrival in Boston in 1631 of Roger Williams, an avowed Separatist, heightened this conflict. Authorities there banished him, and he first went to Salem, where, due to Endecott's intervention, he was offered a position as a teacher in the local church. When word of this reached Boston, Endecott was criticised for supporting Williams, who was banished from the colony. Williams went to Plymouth, but returned to Salem a few years later, becoming the church's unofficial pastor following the death of Samuel Skelton in 1634. Boston authorities called for his arrest after he made what they viewed as treasonous and heretical statements; he fled, eventually establishing Providence, Rhode Island.

During this time Endecott argued that women should be veiled in church, and controversially defaced the local militia's flag, because it bore St George's Cross, which Williams claimed was a symbol of the papacy. This action is celebrated in Nathaniel Hawthorne's story, "Endicott and the Red Cross", where the writer presents the "tension between Endecott as a symbol of religious intolerance and as emblem of heroic resistance to foreign domination of New England." Endecott did this at a time when the Privy Council of King Charles I was examining affairs in Massachusetts, and the colonial administration was concerned that a strong response was needed to prevent the loss of the colonial charter. Endecott was censured for the rashness of his action (and not for the act itself), and deprived of holding any offices for one year; 1635 was the only year in which he held no office. The committee managing the colonial militia voted that year to stop using the English flag as its standard.

Following the incident, and the refusal of the colonial assembly to grant Salem additional land on the Marblehead Neck because of Williams' presence in Salem, the Salem church circulated a letter to other churches in the colony, calling the legislative act a heinous sin. Although the authorship of the letter is uncertain, Endecott defended the letter when summoned to Boston, and was consequently jailed for a day; after "he came and acknowledged his fault, he was discharged."

Pequot War

In 1636 the boat of Massachusetts trader John Oldham was seen anchored off Block Island, swarming with Indians. The Indians fled at the approach of the investigating colonists, and Oldham's body was found below the main deck. The attackers were at the time believed to be from tribes affiliated with the Narragansetts, but Narragansett leaders claimed that those responsible had fled to the protection of the Pequots. At the time the Pequots were aggressively expansionist in their dealings with the surrounding native tribes (including the Narragansett), but had generally kept the peace with the English colonists of present-day southern New England. The accusation of the Narraganssetts angered Massachusetts authorities (then under governor Henry Vane), who were already upset that the Pequots had earlier failed to turn over men implicated in killing another trader on the Connecticut River. This second perceived affront produced calls in Massachusetts for action against the Pequots. In August 1636 Governor Vane placed Endecott at the head of a 90-man force to extract justice from the Pequots.

Endecott's instructions were to go to Block Island, where he was to kill all of the Indian men and take captive the women and children. He was then to go to the Pequots on the mainland, where he was to make three demands: first, that the killers of Oldham and the other trader be surrendered; second, that a payment of one thousand fathoms of wampum be made; and third, that some Pequot children be delivered to serve as hostages.

Endecott executed these instructions with zeal. Although most of the Indians on Block Island only briefly opposed the English landing there, he spent two days destroying their villages, crops and canoes; most of the Indians on the island successfully eluded English searches for them. English reports claimed as many as 14 Indians were killed, but the Narragansetts only reported one fatality. Endecott then sailed for Saybrook, an English settlement at the mouth of the Connecticut River. Lion Gardiner, the leader there, angrily informed Endecott when he learned of the mission's goals, "You come hither to raise these wasps around my ears, and then you will take wing and flee away."

After some discussion and delays due to bad weather, Gardiner and a company of his men agreed to accompany the Massachusetts force to raid the Pequot harvest stores. When they arrived at the Pequot village near the mouth of the Thames River, they returned the friendly greetings of the inhabitants with stony silence. Eventually a Pequot sachem rowed out to meet them; the English delivered their demands, threatening war if they did not receive satisfaction. When the sachem left to discuss the matter in the village, Endecott gave a promise to await his return; however, shortly after the sachem left, he began landing his fully armed men on shore. The sachem rushed back, claiming the senior tribal leaders were away on Long Island; Endecott responded that this was a lie, and ordered an attack on the village. Most of the villagers got away, and once again the expedition's activity was reduced to destroying the village and seizing its crop stores; Gardiner reported that "[t]he Bay-men killed not a man." After completing this work, Endecott and the Massachusetts men boarded their boats to return to Boston, leaving Gardiner and his men to finish the removal of the crops. The Pequots regrouped and launched an attack on Gardiner's party whose armor protected them from the arrowfire, but their escape was nevertheless difficult.

Historian Alfred Cave describes Endecott's actions as a "heavy-handed provocation of an Indian war." All of the surrounding colonies protested the action, complaining that the lives of their citizens were placed in jeopardy by the raid. Since the Pequots had previously been relatively peaceful with the English, Endecott's raid had the effect Gardiner predicted and feared. Communities on the Connecticut River were attacked in April 1637, and Gardiner was virtually besieged in Saybrook by Pequot forces. Endecott had no further role in the war, which ended with the destruction of the Pequots as a tribe; their land was divided up by the colonies and their Indian allies in the 1638 Treaty of Hartford, and the surviving tribespeople were distributed among their neighbors. One captive, an enslaved Pequot boy, was sold to Endecott in 1637.

Later terms as governor
Endecott was elected deputy governor in 1641 and in this role was one of the signatories to the Massachusetts Body of Liberties, which enumerated a number of individual rights available to all colonists, and presaged the United States Bill of Rights. The next few years were quiet, although rumors of war with the Indians led to the formation in 1643 of the New England Confederation, designed to facilitate united action by the New England colonies against common external threats as well as internal matters such as dealing with escaped slaves and fugitives from justice.

In 1643, Governor Winthrop became embroiled in a controversy over the propriety of taking sides in a power struggle going on in neighbouring French Acadia. Endecott pointed out that he should have let the French fight amongst themselves without English involvement, as this would weaken them both. The 1644 governor's election became a referendum on Winthrop's policy; Endecott was elected governor, with Winthrop as his deputy. During his one-year term he oversaw the division of the colony into four counties: Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex, and Norfolk. The ascent of the Salem-based Endecott also prompted an attempt by other Salem residents to have the colonial capital relocated there; the attempt was rejected by the governor's council of assistants.

Fallout from the English Civil War (begun in 1642) also permeated Boston during Endecott's tenure. Two ships, one with a Royalist captain, the other with a Parliamentarian captain, arrived in Boston, and the Parliamentarian sought to seize the Royalist ship. After much deliberation, Endecott's councils essentially adopted support of the Parliamentarian position, reserving the right to declare independence if the Parliament "should hereafter be a malignant spirit." The Parliamentarian was permitted to seize the Royalist vessel, and the colony also began seizing Royalist vessels that came into port.

Thomas Dudley was elected governor in 1645, with Winthrop as his deputy. Endecott, as a consolation, was given command of the colonial militia, reporting to the governor. He was also once again made a governor's assistant, and was chosen to represent the colony to the confederation in 1646. The threat of Indian conflicts in neighbouring colonies prompted the colony to raise its defensive profile, in which Endecott played a leading role. Winthrop was reelected governor in 1646; after his death in 1649, Endecott succeeded him as governor. By annual re-elections Endecott served nearly continuously until his death in 1664/5; for two periods (1650–1651 and 1654–1655) he was deputy governor.

In 1639 Endecott had been granted several hundred acres of land north of Salem, in what is now Boxford and Topsfield. The tract was not formally laid out until 1659, but as early as 1651 Endecott was granted an additional "three hundred acres of land to tend the furtherance of a copper works" that was adjacent to his land. Endecott hired Richard Leader, an early settler who had done pioneering work at an iron works in nearby Lynn, but the efforts to develop the site for copper processing failed.

A persistent shortage of coinage in all of the colonies prompted Massachusetts to establish a mint on 27 May 1652, and begin production of coins from its silver reserves. This act solved a practical problem, but the colony had no authority to do so from the crown. Although this did not become an issue while Endecott was governor, it eventually became a source of controversy with the crown, and the mint had apparently ceased operations around 1682.

The colony's boundaries expanded somewhat during Endecott's tenure, mainly in the 1650s. In addition to formally claiming present-day Stonington, Connecticut as spoils from the Pequot War, Endecott sought to establish the colony's northern boundary. In 1652 he sent a commission with surveyors to locate the most northerly point on the Merrimack River, since the colonial grant defined its northern border as  north of that river. These surveyors were led by Indian guides to the outlet of Lake Winnipesaukee which was claimed by the guides to be the source of the Merrimack. At that location, the party incised an inscription on a rock that survives, and is now located in a small New Hampshire state park. When this survey line was extended eastward, the boundary was determined to fall on the coast at Casco Bay, and the colony thus claimed most of what is now southern Maine and New Hampshire.

Religious intolerance

One written statement made early in his tenure in May 1649 showed Endecott's dislike of a fashionable trend toward long hair: "Forasmuch as the wearing of long haire after the manner of Ruffians and barbarous Indians, hath begun to invade new England contrary to the rule of gods word ... Wee the Magistrates who have subscribed [signed] this paper ... doe declare and manifest our dislike and detestation against the wearing of such long haire." In 1651 he presided over a legal case in which three people were accused of being Baptists, a practice that had been banned in the colony in 1644. In convicting John Clarke and sentencing him to either pay a fine or be whipped, Endecott, according to Clarke's account of the exchange, told Clarke that he "deserved death, and said he would not have such trash brought into his jurisdiction." Clarke refused to pay the fine; it was paid by friends against his wishes, and he returned to Rhode Island. Of the three men convicted, only Obadiah Holmes was whipped; John Crandall, out on bond, returned to Rhode Island with Clarke.

When Oliver Cromwell consolidated his control over England in the early 1650s, he began a crackdown on religious communities that dissented from his religious views. This notably included Baptists and Quakers, and these groups began their own migration to the North American colonies to escape persecution. Those that first arrived in Boston in 1656 were promptly deported by Endecott's deputy, Richard Bellingham, while Endecott was in Salem. More Quakers arrived while Endecott was resident in Boston, and he had them imprisoned pending trial and deportation. He met several times with the Quaker Mary Prince, after receiving an "outrageous letter" from her. The meetings were apparently fruitless, and she and the other Quakers were deported. Following these acts, the members of the New England Confederation all adopted measures for the prompt removal of Quakers from their jurisdictions.

The measures adopted were insufficient to prevent the influx of these perceived undesirables, so harsher measures were enacted. Repeat offenders were to be punished by having ears cut off, and, on the third offense, to have the tongue "bored through with a hot iron". By 1658 the punishment for the third offense had been raised to death, "except they do then and there plainly and publicly renounce their said cursed opinions and devilish tenets." In October 1658 the death penalty was enacted for the second offense in Massachusetts. One year later, three Quakers were arrested and sentenced to death under this law. Two of them, Marmaduke Stephenson and William Robinson, were hanged, while the third, Mary Dyer, received a reprieve at the last minute. Dyer returned to the colony in 1660, and, under questioning by Endecott and the other magistrates, refused to either recant her beliefs or agree to permanent banishment from the colony. She was hanged on 1 June 1660; she, Stephenson, Robinson, and William Leddra (hanged in 1661) are now known as the Boston martyrs. The severity of these acts was recognized by the colonists as problematic, and the laws were changed so that execution was the penalty for the fifth offense. (The poor treatment of Quakers and other religious dissenters would be cited as one of the reasons for revocation of the colonial charter in 1684.)

Endecott's role in the treatment of the Quakers was immortalized by John Greenleaf Whittier in his poem "The Ballad of Cassandra Southwick," named for another Quaker who suffered persecution along with husband Lawrence and at least three of her six children, daughter Provided and sons Daniel and Josiah, while Endecott was governor. Whittier characterized Endecott as "dark and haughty", and exhibiting "bitter hate and scorn" for the Quaker. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow recreated the trial of Wenlock Christison in "John Endicott", one of three dramatic poems in a collection called New England Tragedies. Christison was the last Quaker Endecott sentenced to death for returning to Massachusetts after having been banished. He was not executed, however, because the law was changed shortly after his sentencing. Author Nathaniel Hawthorne described Endecott in "The Gentle Boy", whose title character is the six-year-old son of William and Mary Dyer, as "a man of narrow mind and imperfect education, and his uncompromising bigotry was made hot and mischievous by violent and hasty passions; he exerted his influence indecorously and unjustifiably to compass the death of the enthusiasts [i.e., the Quakers]; and his whole contact, in respect to them, was marked by brutal cruelty."

Even though the Puritan colonists of New England were supportive of Oliver Cromwell's reign in England, they were not always receptive to Cromwell's suggestions.  In response to a proposal by Cromwell that New Englanders migrate to Ireland to increase its Protestant population, the Massachusetts assembly drafted a polite response, signed by Endecott, indicating that its people were happy where they were.

English Restoration

In July 1660 word arrived in Boston that Charles II had been restored to the English throne. This was an immediate cause for concern in all of the colonies that had supported Cromwell, since their charters might be revoked. In Boston it created a more difficult problem for Edward Whalley and William Goffe, two of the "regicide" commissioners who had voted to execute Charles I. Although Charles promised in the 1660 Declaration of Breda that all were pardoned except by act of Parliament, the Indemnity and Oblivion Act of 1660 singled out all of the regicides for punishment. Whalley and Goffe moved freely about the Boston area for some time, and Endecott refused to order their arrest until word arrived of the passage of the Indemnity Act. Endecott then issued a warrant for their arrest on 8 March 1661. It is unknown whether Whalley and Goffe had advance warning of the warrant, but they fled, apparently to the New Haven area.

Endecott's warrant was followed by an order issued by King Charles in March and received by Endecott in May 1661 containing a direct order to apprehend the two fugitives and ship them back to England. Endecott dutifully obeyed, but he appointed two recently arrived Royalists to track them down. Somewhat predictably, their search came up empty, and Whalley and Goffe thus escaped. Biographer Lawrence Mayo suggests Endecott would have appointed different men for the search had he been serious about catching them.

Opponents to the rule of the Puritans in Massachusetts were vocal in airing their complaints to the new king. Among their complaints was the fact that Charles' ascension to power had not been formally announced; this only took place in 1661 after Endecott received a chastising order from the king. This prompted the assembly to draft another of several laudatory letters it addressed to the king, congratulating him on his rise to power. The mint was claimed to be a bald-faced attempt to devalue good English currency, some colonists complained that the expansion of the colony's borders in 1652 was little more than a land grab, while others put forward claims of administrative malfeasance with respect to funds provided by the crown for the Christianization of Indians, and the Quakers catalogued a long list of grievances. Believing that it was best to ignore the accusations, Endecott and other members of the old guard opposed sending representatives to London to argue against these charges.  Supporters of the idea raised funds in a private subscription, and sent a commission to London.

The colonial mission, led by future governor Simon Bradstreet and pastor John Norton, was successful, and King Charles announced that he would renew the colonial charter, provided the colony allowed the Church of England to practice there. The Endecott administration dragged its feet on implementation, and after months of inaction, the king sent a commission headed by Samuel Maverick, one of the colony's most vocal critics, to investigate. Endecott had advance warning of what the commission was to investigate, and took steps to address in form, if not in substance, some of the expected actions. Charles insisted that all religious dissenters be freed, which Endecott had done long before Maverick's arrival, but he did so by deporting them. Upon the commissioners' arrival, the assembly took up the matter of allowing Church of England activity in the colony. They passed a law deliberately using the king's language, allowing anyone "orthodox in religion" to practice in the colony; however, they also defined such orthodoxy as consisting of views that were acceptable to local ministers. This effectively negated the law, because there were probably no ministers in the colony who would agree that Anglicans satisfied their idea of orthodoxy.

Last years
In 1655 the Massachusetts assembly passed a law requiring its governor to live closer to Boston; this was probably done in response to Endecott's sixth consecutive election as governor. Endecott was consequently obliged to acquire a residence in Boston; although he returned to Salem frequently, Boston became his home for the rest of his life. Endecott died in Boston on 15 March 1664/5. Although early accounts claim he was buried at Boston's King's Chapel, later evidence has identified his burial site as tomb 189 in the Granary Burying Ground.

Family

Before he came to the colonies in 1628, Endecott was married to his first wife, Anne Gourer, who was a cousin of Governor Matthew Craddock. After her death in New England, he was married in 1630 to a woman whose last name was Gibson, and by 1640 he was married to Elizabeth, the daughter of Philobert Cogan of Somersetshire. It is uncertain whether these represent two different wives, or a single wife whose name was Elizabeth (Cogan) Gibson. Due to this uncertainty concerning his wives, it is not known who the mother of his two sons was.  There is only firm evidence that he was already married to Elizabeth in 1640, and the records that survive for the 1630s, when his sons were born, do not otherwise identify his wife by name. Endecott's last wife, Elizabeth, was a sister-in-law of the colonial financier and magistrate Roger Ludlow.  Endecott's two known children were John Endecott and Dr. Zerubabbel Endecott, neither of whom, seemingly to his disappointment, followed him into public service. There is also evidence that Endecott fathered another child in his early years in England; in about 1635 he arranged funds and instructions for the care of a minor also named John Endecott.

Despite his high position, Endecott was never particularly affluent. According to his will, several large tracts of land, including the Orchard estate in Salem and one quarter of Block Island, were distributed to his wife and sons; however, it was also noted that some of his books were sold to pay debts. One unexpected legacy left behind by Endecott was the uncertain boundaries of the Orchard estate.  Several generations later, his descendants were involved in litigation concerning disputed occupancy of part of the estate.

Endecott's descendants include Massachusetts governor Endicott Peabody and United States Secretary of War William Crowninshield Endicott. His descendants donated family records dating as far back as the colonial era to the Massachusetts Historical Society.

In 1930, the Massachusetts tercentenary was marked by the issuance of a medal bearing Endecott's likeness; it was designed by Laura Gardin Fraser. Endicott College in Beverly, Massachusetts (once a part of Salem) is named for him.

Namesakes
In 1831, the brig Governor Endicott, of Salem, H. H. Jenks, master, was engaged in the pepper trade on the coast of Sumatra when she had occasion to help free Friendship, also of Salem, Charles Endicott, master, from Malay pirates. He and some of his officers had gone ashore to negotiate for pepper in the town of Quallah Battoo when pirates took over the ship, murdered some of her crew and looted the cargo. Captain Endicott obtained aid from Governor Endicott and the ship James Monroe, of New York, J. Porter, master, to rescue his ship from her captors and return her to Salem, where he arrived 16 July 1831.

Notes

References

Further reading
  Endecott biography, pp. 385–386.

External links

|-

|-

|-

16th-century births
1665 deaths
American Puritans
American slave owners
Burials at Granary Burying Ground
Colonial governors of Massachusetts
Date of birth unknown
English emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony
Lieutenant Governors of colonial Massachusetts
People from colonial Boston
People from Salem, Massachusetts
Pequot War

John Endecott


Mors dag kan henvise til:

 Mors dag – mærkedag
 Mors dag (film fra 2005) – dansk kortfilm fra 2005 instrueret af May el-Toukhy
 Mors dag (film fra 2012) – dansk kortfilm fra 2012 instrueret af Jonas Kvist Jensen

Mors dag (flertydig)


الشاعر الليبي الكبير جلغاف بوشعراية المبروك ام شيبة من قبيلة الفواخر الليبية. ولد بمدينة سلوق عام 1882م وعاش بها وثما اعتقل من قيبل قوات الاحتلال الإيطالي حيث كان في معتقل سلوق الشهير مع آلاف الليبيون. أجبر على تكسير الصخور لمصلحة المحتل وتوفي لحسن الحظ في زمن الاستقلال عام 1957م.

تمتاز أشعارة بأنها قصصية حيث تحكي عن ظروف التي كان يمر بها هو والليبيون بشكل عام ومن أشهر قصائده ( يابا لغرب , قياطين سلوق , محابيس في نقطة سلوق ).

شعراء شعبيون ليبيون
مواليد 1882
وفيات 1957

جلغاف بوشعراية


Paul Gustav Rudolf Bosselt (født 29. juni 1871 i Perleberg, død 2. januar 1938 i Berlin) var en tysk billedhugger og
medaljør.

Bosselt virkede først som ciselør, uddannedes videre ved kunstindustriskolen i Frankfurt a. M. og 1897—99 i Paris (Académie Julian). Han blev lærer ved Düsseldorfs kunstindustriskole og var 1911—24 direktør for Magdeburgs. Han har især vundet berømmelse ved sin småplastik, medaljer og plaketter og har sin kunst repræsenteret i mange tyske museer m. v. Bosselt skrev 1908 Die Kunst der Medaille.

Kilder

Billedhuggere fra Tyskland
Medaljører
Tyskere i 1800-tallet
Tyskere i 1900-tallet
Deltagere ved olympiske kunstkonkurrencer

Rudolf Bosselt


West Mercia Police (), formerly the West Mercia Constabulary, is the territorial police force responsible for policing the counties of Herefordshire, Shropshire (including Telford and Wrekin) and Worcestershire in England. The force area covers  making it the fourth largest police area in England and Wales. The resident population of the area is 1.19 million Its name comes from the ancient kingdom of Mercia.

The force represents a diverse range of policing environments from densely populated urban areas on the edge of Birmingham as well as Telford, Shrewsbury, and Worcester, to sparsely populated rural areas, such as Herefordshire, which remains an important part of the force's responsibility.

As of September 2017, the force has a workforce of 2,017 police officers, 223 police community support officers, 1541 police staff and 388 members of the special constabulary.

The force has its headquarters in the historical manor house and grounds of Hindlip Hall on the outskirts of Worcester. Its badge combines the heraldry of Worcestershire, Herefordshire and Shropshire.

History

The force was formed on 1 October 1967, by the merger of the Worcestershire Constabulary, Herefordshire Constabulary, Shropshire Constabulary and Worcester City Police. It lost territory to West Midlands Police when that was constituted on 1 April 1974. It changed its name from "West Mercia Constabulary" to "West Mercia Police" on 5 May 2009.

Merger plans
In November 2005, the government announced major reforms of policing in England and Wales, including the possibility of mergers. Under final proposals made by the Home Secretary on 6 February 2006, it would merge with Staffordshire Police, Warwickshire Constabulary and West Midlands Police to form a single strategic force for the West Midlands region. The proposals were unpopular with many of the local authorities in the West Mercia area, but was criticised especially strongly by West Mercia Constabulary itself, especially as at the time it was rated the best force in the country. When John Reid became Home Secretary in 2006, he put all merger plans on hold. Subsequent governments have not made any indication of re-introducing such plans.

Chief constables
 1967–1975: Sir John Willison
 1975–1981: Alex Rennie
 1981–1985: Bob Cozens
 1985–1991: Anthony Mullett
 1991–1999: David Cecil Blakey
 1999–2003: Peter Hampson
 2003–2011: Paul West
 2011–2016: David Shaw
 2016–2021 : Anthony Bangham
2021–present : Pippa Mills

Organisation

West Mercia Police is overseen by an elected West Mercia Police and Crime Commissioner, which replaced the West Mercia Police Authority in 2012.

The force is organised into five Local Policing Units (LPAs), which are alphabetically coded (C, D, E, F, G) by geographical areas. Operating across three counties, West Mercia Police maintains many stations, with each LPA having an HQ Police station. The LPAs are further divided into 82 Safer Neighbourhood Teams (SNT).

PEEL inspection
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) conducts a periodic police effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy (PEEL) inspection of each police service's performance. In its latest PEEL inspection report (2022), West Mercia Police was rated as follows:

Volunteer police cadets scheme
A volunteer cadet scheme had existed in the Telford division since the early 1990s and in September 2013, the scheme was expanded force-wide, creating a new detachment of police cadets in each Territorial Policing Unit area. Each detachment is headquartered in the respective TPU HQ, except the South Worcestershire detachment, which is based at Tudor Grange Academy.

In 2010, the Telford Cadets Detachment was awarded The Queen's Award for Voluntary Service.

According to West Mercia Police's website, "The scheme is aimed at young people who wish to engage in a program that offers them an opportunity to gain a practical understanding of policing, develop their spirit of adventure and good citizenship, while supporting their local policing priorities through volunteering, working with partner agencies and positive participation in their communities."

A new intake of approximately 15 new cadets per detachment occurs annually. New recruits must be aged 16 or over and have finished secondary education. Young people can remain as cadets for up to two years. Cadets can then consider joining the force at age 18, becoming a cadet leader in their detachment, or leaving the scheme altogether.

Each detachment is led by several cadet leaders who are police officers, PCSOs and police volunteers from the force.

Alliances
West Mercia was a partner, alongside three other forces, in the Central Motorway Police Group (CMPG). On 8 April 2018, West Mercia withdrew from the CMPG, with the 25 West Mercia police officers attached to the group returning to the in-force roads policing service.

In 2013, West Mercia Police and Warwickshire Police formed an alliance, sharing certain administrative functions in order to save both forces money. In October 2018, West Mercia announced its intention to withdraw from the alliance.

Controversies
A 2022 inquiry into the Telford child sexual exploitation scandal – in which all those who were convicted were British Pakistanis – found that "in some cases the decisions of West Mercia Police officers about whether or not to investigate a particular piece of intelligence or complaint were influenced by assumptions about race. Whether because of ideas of difficulties investigating what was seen as a closed and hostile community, because of fear of complaint, or because of concern about the impact an investigation might have had on racial tensions, I cannot determine".

See also
List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
Road Policing Unit
Police cadets in the United Kingdom

Bibliography
 Policing Shropshire 1836–1967 by Douglas J. Elliott. Contains black and white plates, including illustration of badges as a frontispiece.

References

External links

 West Mercia Police at HMICFRS

Government agencies established in 1967
Organisations based in Worcestershire
Police forces of England
1967 establishments in England

West Mercia Police


Chronologie de l'économie
Années 1350 - Années 1360 - Années 1370

Événements
 1359-1389 : la Grande-principauté de Moscou commence à battre monnaie sous le règne de Dimitri Donskoï.
 1360 : ordonnance de Compiègne sur l'impôt et la monnaie en France. Création d'une monnaie stable, le Franc à cheval et d'institutions pour instaurer un système d'impôts réguliers.

Notes et références

+1360

Chronologie des faits économiques et sociaux dans les années 1360


Mike Edwards, né le  à Cincinnati en Ohio, est un joueur américain de football américain qui évolue au poste de safety. Il joue pour la franchise des Buccaneers de Tampa Bay dans la National Football League (NFL).

Biographie

Carrière universitaire
Étudiant à l'université du Kentucky, il a joué pour l'équipe des Wildcats de 2015 à 2018.

Carrière professionnelle
Il est sélectionné au troisième tour,  rang au total, par les Buccaneers de Tampa Bay lors de la draft 2019 de la NFL. Le , il signe un contrat de 4 ans et d'un montant de 3,34 millions de dollars avec les Buccaneers.

Lors de la semaine 3 contre les Broncos de Denver, Edwards enregistre sa première interception en carrière, lancé par Brett Rypien tard dans le quatrième quart-temps pour sécuriser la victoire 28 à 10 des Buccaneers.

Le , il est suspendu trois matchs pour avoir violé les protocoles de la Covid-19 de la NFL, plus spécifiquement pour avoir falsifié les informations sur son statut vaccinal.

Statistiques

|-
| 2019 || Buccaneers de Tampa Bay || 15 || 45 || 33 || 12 || 1 || - || - || 6 || - || 0 || 0
|-
| 2020 || Buccaneers de Tampa Bay || 16 || 11 || 6 || 5 || 0 || 2 || 67 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 2021 || Buccaneers de Tampa Bay || 14 || 43 || 31 || 12 || 0 || 3 || 46 || 7 || 2 || 1 || 0

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1996
Naissance dans le comté de Hamilton (Ohio)
Joueur américain de football américain
Safety
Joueur de football américain des Wildcats du Kentucky
Choix de draft des Buccaneers de Tampa Bay
Joueur des Buccaneers de Tampa Bay
Joueur vainqueur du Super Bowl

Mike Edwards


Donald Trumps indrejseforbud har flere betydninger:

 Executive Order 13769 - Et præsidentielt dekret fra januar 2017. Blev blokeret af domstolene.
 Executive Order 13780 - Et præsidentielt dekret fra marts 2017 til erstatning af ovenstående.

Donald Trumps indrejseforbud


An Encyclia atrorubens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Robert Allen Rolfe, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Schltr.. An Encyclia atrorubens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Encyclia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Encyclia

Encyclia atrorubens


Floorballligaen 2001-2002 var den 10. sæson af den bedste danske herrerække i floorball, og blev styret af Dansk Floorball Union. Ligaen bestod af en øst og en vest række. De 4 bedste hold gik til slutspil. Aalborg Flyers var for første gang ikke at finde i den bedste række, dermed var de første DM vindere ude af den bedste række.

Vestrækken måtte efter et par sæsoner med 10 hold, se sig bestående af 9 hold.

Østrækken var igen på 10 hold.

Slutspillet blev afviklet som bedst af to kampe, hvor den samlede målscorer var afgørende hvis begge hold havde en sejr.

Grundspil

Stilling vest

Kampe vest

Stilling øst

Kampe øst

Topscorer Grundspil

Vest

Øst

Slutspil

Kvartfinaler

Semifinaler

Finale

Topscorer slutspil

Floorball-Ligaen

Floorballligaen 2001-02


Malo gospodarstvo, djelatnosti što ih pravne i fizičke osobe (trgovačka društva, obrtnici, slobodna zanimanja, zadruge) samostalno i trajno obavljaju radi ostvarivanja dobiti, odnosno dohotka na tržištu. Zakonom o poticanju razvoja maloga gospodarstva definicija maloga gospodarstva u Hrvatskoj usklađena je s europskim normama. Mala gospodarstva godišnje prosječno imaju manje od 250 zaposlenika, neovisni su u poslovanju te ostvaruju ukupni godišnji promet do 60 mil. kuna ili imaju zbroj bilance (ako su obveznici poreza na dobit), odnosno dugotrajnu imovinu (ako su obveznici poreza na dohodak) u vrijednosti do 30 mil. kuna.

Zakon razlikuje mikrogospodarstva, mala i srednja mala gospodarstva. Iskustvo razvijenih eur. zemalja pokazuje da je malo gospodarstvo pokretač razvoja cjelokupnoga gospodarstva i pokretač novih radnih mjesta. Prema podatcima Hrvatske gospodarske komore u Istarskoj je županiji 2003. poslovalo 4267 trgovačkih društava, od toga su 4110 (96%) bila mala gospodarstva. Broj malih i srednjih trgovačkih društava Istarske županije čini 7,1% ukupnoga broja malih i srednjih tvrtki u Hrvatskoj. Najraširenije djelatnosti su trgovina, poslovanje nekretninama, iznajmljivanje i poslovne usluge te prerađivačka industrija.

Poslovanje

Malo gospodarstvo


Bülent Üstün (1974, İstanbul), Kötü Kedi Şerafettin karakteriyle tanınan karikatürist.

Bülent Üstün, 1974 yılında İstanbul'da doğdu. Bekir Sami Dedeoğlu İlkokulu'nu bitiren Üstün, daha sonra Gaziosmanpaşa İmam Hatip Lisesi'nin orta bölümünden mezun oldu. Ardından, aynı semtteki Plevne Lisesi'ne devam etti. İlk karikatürü on iki yaşında yayınlandı. Amatör işleri bir süre Çarşaf Mizah Dergisi'nde yayınlandıktan sonra 1989 yılında, yeni kurulan Hıbır dergisinde profesyonel olarak çalışmaya başladı. Kısa süre Ertuğrul Akbay'ın Gırgır'ında çalıştıktan sonra artık HBR Maymun olan Hıbır'a geri döndü. Birkaç yıl sonra L-Manyak dergisinde Kötü Kedi Şerafettini çizmeye başladı. L-Manyak'tan ayrılan ekiple birlikte Lombak dergisine geçti. Aynı zamanda, aynı grubun Kemik ve Penguen dergilerinde de çalıştı. 2006'da Lombak'tan ayrılarak bir grup arkadaşıyla birlikte Fermuar Dergisini çıkarttı. Fermuar 2008'de kapandıktan sonra Uykusuz Dergisinde çizmeye başladı.

Eserleri
Bülent Üstün, HBR Maymun'da çizdiği bant tip Tonguç ve karikatür köşesi Kabız Kuğu ile adını duyurduysa da asıl L-Manyak çizgi roman dergisinde çizdiği Kötü Kedi Şerafettin karakteriyle büyük bir popülerlik kazandı. Çocukluğunun geçtiği mahalle ortamı ile yaşadığı Cihangir semtindeki entelektüel yaşantıyı birleştirdiği öyküleriyle ve enerjik çizgi tarzıyla döneminin pek çok genç karikatürist ve çizgiromancısını etkiledi. Kötü Kedi Şerafettin dışında L-Manyak Kerizleri, Homo Sapiens Öyküleri, Kuduz Doktor Hektor gibi çizgi romanlar ve tiplemeler de çizdi. Memo Tembelçizer için L-Manyak Şehitleri, Bahadır Boysal için Taze Kaşar ve Kenan Yarar için Hilal çizgi romanlarının bazı bölümlerinin senaryolarını yazdı. Penguen dergisinde kendisi gibi karikatürist olan ağabeyi Cengiz Üstün'le birlikte Üstün Brothers isimli karikatür köşesini çizdi.  Uykusuz'da  Gittin Gideli Bebek isimli köşeyi halen çizmektedir. Uzunca bir süredir Kötü Kedi Şerafettin'in uzun metrajlı animasyon filmi için çalışmıktadır. Uzun süredir üzerinde çalıştığı Kötü Kedi Şerafettin filmi 5 Şubat 2016 da vizyona girmiştir.

Ayrıca 2016 !f İstanbul Uluslararası Bağımsız Filmler Festivali'nde gösterilen belgesel film Kedide yer almıştır.

Kitapları
Kabız Kuğu (1996 - 4M Yayıncılık)
Kötü Kedi Şerafettin (1997 - Komik Şeyler Yayıncılık)
Kötü Kedi Şerafettin -2 (1999 - Komik Şeyler Yayıncılık)
Kötü Kedi Şerafettin -3 (2002 - Komik Şeyler Yayıncılık)
Kötü Kedi Şerafettin -4 (2003 - Komik Şeyler Yayıncılık)
Kötü Kedi Şerafettin -5 (2011 - Mürekkep Yayıncılık)
Gittin Gideli Bebek-(2014 - Mürekkep Yayıncılık)

Sinema filmi

Kötü Kedi Şerafettin, yönetmenliğini Mehmet Kurtuluş ve Ayşe Ünal'ın üstlendiği Türk yapımı sinema filmidir. 5 Şubat 2016 tarihinde vizyona girmiştir.

Çalıştığı Mizah Dergileri
 Hıbır
 Gırgır
 HBR Maymun
 L-Manyak
 Lombak
 Kemik
 Penguen
 Fermuar
 Uykusuz
 Hortlak

Kaynakça

1974 doğumlular
Türk karikatüristler
Türk çizgi romancılar
Yaşayan insanlar

Bülent Üstün


An Holcoglossum calcicola in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni André Schuiteman ngan P.Bonnet. An Holcoglossum calcicola in nahilalakip ha genus nga Holcoglossum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Laos. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Holcoglossum

Holcoglossum calcicola


Agrilus rokuyai é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Kurosawa, 1976.

Referências

rokuyai

Agrilus rokuyai


An Syngonanthus upembaensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kimp.. An Syngonanthus upembaensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Syngonanthus, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Zaire. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Syngonanthus

Syngonanthus upembaensis


Rudolf Kolbe (* 2. Dezember 1873 in Waldheim; † 9. Mai 1947 in Dresden; vollständiger Name: Emil Rudolf Kolbe) war ein deutscher Architekt und Kunstgewerbler, der hauptsächlich in Dresden und der umgebenden Region arbeitete und außer mehreren zu ihrer Zeit viel beachteten evangelischen Kirchen in erster Linie bürgerliche und großbürgerliche Wohnhäuser baute.

Familie
Rudolf Kolbe wurde 1873 als Sohn eines Anstreicher- und Tapezierermeisters geboren, der sich in seiner Freizeit auch als Landschaftsmaler betätigte. Zu den fünf Geschwistern Rudolf Kolbes, die alle ebenfalls eine künstlerische Begabung zum Beruf machten, gehörte der bekannte Bildhauer Georg.

Rudolf Kolbe heiratete im Jahr 1900 Helene geb. Pahlitzsch (1875–1955). Sie hatten drei gemeinsame Kinder, darunter den Architekten Joachim Kolbe (1904–1991), der zwischen 1932 und 1936 im Büro seines Vaters mitarbeitete.

Eine Werkmonografie zu Kolbe wurde 2010 durch seine Enkelin Andrea Büsing-Kolbe und deren Ehemann Hermann Büsing veröffentlicht.

Ausbildung und erste Berufsjahre
Rudolf Kolbe besuchte zunächst die Bürgerschule (Volksschule) in seiner Heimatstadt und von 1888 bis 1893 die Städtische Gewerbeschule und die (staatliche) Baugewerkschule Dresden. Anschließend fand er eine erste Anstellung im renommierten Dresdner Architekturbüro Schilling & Graebner, wo er zwei Jahre blieb. 1895 wurde er als Schüler an der Dresdner Kunstakademie aufgenommen. Dort vervollständigte er seine künstlerische Ausbildung im Meisteratelier von Paul Wallot. Von 1898 bis 1901 war Kolbe beim Königlich Sächsischen Hofbauamt in Dresden angestellt. In dieser Zeit beteiligte er sich schon an verschiedenen Architekturwettbewerben und erhielt "für seine hervorragenden künstlerischen Leistungen" ein "Anerkennungs-Diplom" der I. Deutschen Bauausstellung Dresden 1900.

Werk
Nachdem Rudolf Kolbe bereits um 1900 außerhalb seiner Tätigkeit für das Hofbauamt erste Projekte gemeinsam mit dem befreundeten Architekten Oskar Menzel verfolgt hatte, machte er sich im Jahr 1901 offiziell in Dresden selbständig. Außer einigen bürgerlichen Einfamilienhäusern im Dresdner Vorort Loschwitz, bei denen er die bewegte Topografie des Baugeländes geschickt ausnutzte, entstanden auch verschiedene Wettbewerbsentwürfe, mit denen er Aufmerksamkeit erregte. 1906 wurde er von der Stadt Dresden mit einem Reisestipendium aus den Mitteln der Gottfried-Semper-Stiftung ausgezeichnet, das er für Studienreisen nach Italien und Ägypten nutzte.

Wohl spätestens 1906 wurde Kolbe als Mitglied in den Bund Deutscher Architekten (BDA) berufen. 1908 wurden er und sein Freund und früherer Büropartner Oskar Menzel in die Dresdner Künstlervereinigung "Die Zunft" aufgenommen. Spätestens 1912 wurde er auch Mitglied im Deutschen Werkbund. Im gleichen Jahr schlug Kolbe ein Angebot von Wilhelm Kreis aus, als Lehrer an der seit 1908 von Kreis geleiteten Kunstgewerbeschule Düsseldorf zu arbeiten, da er privat und beruflich fest in Dresden verwurzelt war. In diesen Jahren entwarf er nach ersten kleineren Sakralbauten auch ein größeres Kirchen-Projekt für die 1914 begonnene, erst in den 1920er Jahren vollendete Heilandskirche in Dresden-Cotta.

Während Kolbe kaum Aufträge für kommunale oder staatliche Bauten akquirieren konnte, baute er viele bürgerliche Wohnhäuser für wohlhabende Bauherren und konnte auch mit Entwürfen für Brunnen, Denkmäler und Grabmale Erfolge erzielen. Wegen dieser Erfolge wurde er im Ersten Weltkrieg vom Militärdienst freigestellt und arbeitete 1917/1918 als künstlerischer Beirat der III. Armee und in der Zivilverwaltung der besetzten französischen Gebiete. Er entwarf verschiedene Soldatenfriedhöfe in Frankreich und Kriegerehrungen in Sachsen, die in den frühen 1920er Jahren verwirklicht wurden.

Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg arbeitete Rudolf Kolbe – den Zeitumständen entsprechend – zunehmend auch im Bereich des Wohnungs- und Siedlungsbaus, bekanntestes Beispiel sind die nach einem erfolgreichen Wettbewerbsentwurf 1928–1930 errichteten Häuserzeilen an der Nord-, Ost- und Südseite des Marktplatzes in der Gartenstadt Hellerau.

Ab Mitte der 1930er Jahre bekam Rudolf Kolbe nur noch wenige Aufträge, bis es 1938 zur Kontingentierung der Baustoffe kam, so dass viele Bauten nicht ausgeführt werden konnten. Da er als Kirchenarchitekt einen guten Ruf hatte, wurde er in dieser Zeit wenigstens mit Renovierungen und Sanierungen an kirchlichen Bauten überall in Sachsen betraut, wie z. B. am Freiberger Dom, im ganzen immerhin 30 Aufträge. Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs konnte er letzte Erfolge verbuchen, denn bei seiner Beteiligung am Wettbewerb zu Ehrenmalen für die Massengräber in Zeithain bei Riesa erhielt er den 1. Preis und sein Entwurf eines Ehrenmals für die Luftkriegsopfer auf dem Johannisfriedhof in Dresden-Tolkewitz wurde in den Hauptzügen ausgeführt.

Bauten und Entwürfe

Wohnbau

Zwischen 1900 und 1936 entstanden 37 Einfamilienhäuser nach Kolbes Entwürfen, hauptsächlich in Dresden-Loschwitz und Dresden-Wachwitz, von denen viele unter Denkmalschutz stehen. Den Anfang dieser Werkgruppe markieren verschiedene Wohnhäuser an der Hermann-Vogel-Straße in Loschwitz, die noch in der Phase von Kolbes Zusammenarbeit mit Oskar Menzel entstanden sind.
 1900–1901: eigenes Wohnhaus in Dresden-Loschwitz, Hermann-Vogel-Straße 4 (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1901: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Loschwitz, Malerstraße 8
 1901: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Niederpoyritz, Staffelsteinstraße 29
 1902: Villa in Dresden-Loschwitz, Sierksstraße 31
 1902: Villa "Bergfrieden" in Dresden-Loschwitz, Hermann-Vogel-Straße 8 (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1903: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Niederpoyritz, Staffelsteinstraße 33
 1903: Landhaus Beust in Dresden-Loschwitz, Malerstraße 16 (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1903: Villa "Margarita" in Dresden-Loschwitz, Steglichstraße 11
 1904: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Loschwitz, Ludwig-Richter-Straße 4
 1906–1909: Villa "Goldregen" in Dresden-Loschwitz, Steglichstraße 9b (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1907: Villa "Malve" in Dresden-Loschwitz, Steglichstraße 9 (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1907: Villa "Anemone" in Dresden-Loschwitz, Sonnenleite 1
 1908: Villa in Dresden-Loschwitz, 2. Steinweg 2
 1908: Villa "Wiesenschlösschen" in Dresden-Pillnitz, Wilheln-Wolf-Straße 9
 1908: Villa "Marienfels" in Kriebstein, Flur Schönfeld
 1908–1909: "Villa Rosenhügel" in Dresden-Loschwitz, Sonnenleite 3 (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1909–1910: Villa "Iris" in Dresden-Loschwitz, Sonnenleite 7 (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1909–1910: Villa in Dresden-Loschwitz, Sonnenleite 12
 um 1910: Villa in Dresden-Wachwitz, Wachwitzer Bergstraße 3
 1910: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Wachwitz, Wachwitzer Bergstraße 10–12
 1910–1911: Landhaus Kruse in Dresden-Weißer Hirsch, Collenbuschstraße 18 (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1911: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Loschwitz, Krügerstraße 80
 1912: Villa in Dresden-Loschwitz, Preußstraße 10 (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1912: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Loschwitz, Ludwig-Richter-Straße 12
 1912: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Wachwitz, Wachwitzer Bergstraße 14
 1914: Villa in Dresden-Wachwitz, Wachwitzer Bergstraße 8
 1915: Waldhaus Fröhne in Hartha
 1919–1928: Siedlungsbauten für den Spar- und Bauverein in Radeberg, Schillerstraße, Lessingstraße (mit Veränderungen erhalten)
 1921–1922: Villa für den Fabrikanten Carl Schmieder in Dresden-Strehlen, Winterbergstraße 2 (mit Gartenanlage unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1926: Villa in Dresden-Loschwitz, Veilchenweg 27
 1927: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Loschwitz, Hermann-Vogel-Straße 10
 1928–1930: Marktplatzbebauung in der Gartenstadt Hellerau (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )
 1931: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Loschwitz, Ludwig-Richter-Straße 16
 1931: Wohnhaus in Lohmen, Stolpener Str. 5
 1934: Wohnhaus in Großröhrsdorf, Melanchthonstraße 22
 1935: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Bühlau, Oybiner Straße 5
 1936: Wohnhaus in Dresden-Loschwitz, Robert-Diez-Straße 10b
 1936: Wohnhaus für Marie Gräfin von Schmettow in Dresden-Weißer Hirsch, Lahmannring 5b (unter Denkmalschutz, ID-Nr. )

Kirchengebäude

 1908: Kirche in Graupa
 1908: Parentationshalle in Tharandt Friedhof, Wilsdruffer Straße
 1914–1928: Heilandskirche in Dresden-Cotta
 1924–1926: Lutherkirche in Ellefeld
 1935–1936: Hoffnungskirche in Dresden-Löbtau

Brunnen, Denkmäler, Kriegerehrungen, Grabmale
 1909: Ludowieg-Brunnen in (Hamburg-) Harburg (Elbe), im Stadtpark (als Denkmal für den 1908 verstorbenen Oberbürgermeister Julius Ludowieg; Standort bis 1929 an der Buxtehuder Straße)
 1913: Bismarckturm in Dresden-Cossebaude
 1913: Entwurf für einen Schmuckplatz in Hartha als Wettin-Platz (heute: Stadtpark)
 1916: Jakobsbrunnen auf dem Friedhof in Waldheim (zusammen mit Georg Kolbe)
 1922: Kriegerehrung in Demitz-Thumitz
 1946: Ehrenanlage für Luftkriegsopfer auf dem Johannisfriedhof in Dresden-Tolkewitz

Schriften
 Gedanken zu den Bauten der Heilandskirche in Dresden-Cotta. In: Georg Laube: Denkschrift zur Weihe der Kirche und der kirchlichen Bauten der ev.-luth. Heilandskirchgemeinde in Vorstadt Dresden-Cotta am Himmelfahrtstage, den 26. Mai 1927. Dr. Güntzsche Stiftung, Dresden 1927.

Literatur

 Ulrich Hübner et al.: Symbol und Wahrhaftigkeit. Reformbaukunst in Dresden. Verlag der Kunst Dresden Ingwert Paulsen jun., Husum 2005, ISBN 3-86530-068-5.
 Andrea Büsing-Kolbe, Hermann Büsing: Harmonie von Bau und Landschaft. Der Architekt Rudolf Kolbe. (Herausgegeben vom Ortsverein Loschwitz-Wachwitz e.V.) Elbhang-Kurier-Verlag, Dresden 2010, 188 S., ISBN 978-3-936240-17-7.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Architekt (Dresden)
Kirchenbaumeister
Mitglied des Deutschen Werkbundes
Mitglied des Bundes Deutscher Architektinnen und Architekten
Deutscher
Geboren 1873
Gestorben 1947
Mann

Rudolf Kolbe


Marc Dacier ist eine zwischen 1958 und 1967 erschienene frankobelgische Comicserie.

Handlung
Marc Dacier möchte Reporter einer renommierten Zeitung werden. Der Chefredakteur gibt ihm trotz seiner Jugend die Gelegenheit dazu. Die Reportagen führen ihn direkt in große Abenteuer rund um den Erdball.

Hintergrund
Jean-Michel Charlier schrieb die Texte, die Eddy Paape zeichnerisch umsetzte. Die Serie erschien zwischen 1958 und 1967 in Spirou. Zwei verschiedene Verlage brachten die Alben heraus. Es folgte eine Neuauflage und eine Gesamtausgabe.
Beginnend im September 2023 erscheint eine deutsche Ausgabe beim All Verlag.

Geschichten
 Aventures autour du monde (1958–1959)
 À la poursuite du soleil (1959)
 Au-delà du Pacifique (1959–1960)
 Les Secrets de la mer de Corail (1960)
 Le Péril guette sous la mer (1960–1961)
 Les Sept cités de Cibola (1961–1962)
 La Main noire (1962–1963)
 L'Abominable homme des Andes (1963)
 L'Empire du soleil (1963–1964)
 Les Négriers du ciel (1964)
 Chasse à l'homme (1964–1965)
 L'Or du vent d'est (1965–1966)
 Le Train fantôme (1967)

Weblinks
 Marc Dacier auf bdtheque.com (französisch)

Einzelnachweise

Frankobelgischer Comic (Werk)
Frankobelgische Comicfigur

Marc Dacier


est une reine de la , « Fille du roi » (sȝ.t-nỉsw.t), « Épouse du roi » (ḥm.t-nỉsw.t)  et « Mère du roi » (mwt-nỉsw.t) .

Notes et références

Index égyptologique
Reine de l'Égypte antique
XIIe dynastie égyptienne

Néférou III


An Capillipedium kwashotense in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Bunzo Hayata, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Chien Chang Hsu. An Capillipedium kwashotense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Capillipedium, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Taiwan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Capillipedium

Capillipedium kwashotense