Allen Richard Toussaint (; January 14, 1938 – November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter, arranger, and record producer. He was an influential figure in New Orleans rhythm and blues from the 1950s to the end of the century, described as "one of popular music's great backroom figures." Many musicians recorded Toussaint's compositions. He was a producer for hundreds of recordings: the best known are "Right Place, Wrong Time", by longtime friend Dr. John, and "Lady Marmalade" by Labelle.

Biography

Early life and career
The youngest of three children, Toussaint was born in 1938 in New Orleans and grew up in a shotgun house in the Gert Town neighborhood, where his mother, Naomi Neville (whose name he later adopted pseudonymously for some of his works), welcomed and fed all manner of musicians as they practiced and recorded with her son. His father, Clarence, worked on the railway and played trumpet. Allen Toussaint learned piano as a child and took informal music lessons from an elderly neighbor, Ernest Pinn. In his teens he played in a band, the Flamingos, with the guitarist Snooks Eaglin, before dropping out of school. A significant early influence on Toussaint was the syncopated "second-line" piano style of Professor Longhair. Toussaint was raised Catholic.

After a lucky break at age 17, in which he stood in for Huey "Piano" Smith at a performance with Earl King's band in Prichard, Alabama, Toussaint was introduced to a group of local musicians led by Dave Bartholomew, who performed regularly at the Dew Drop Inn, a nightclub on Lasalle Street in Uptown New Orleans. His first recording was in 1957 as a stand-in for Fats Domino on Domino's record "I Want You to Know", on which Toussaint played piano and Domino overdubbed his vocals. His first success as a producer came in 1957 with Lee Allen's "Walking with Mr. Lee". He began performing regularly in Bartholomew's band, and he recorded with Fats Domino, Smiley Lewis, Lee Allen and other leading New Orleans performers.

After being spotted as a sideman by the A&R man Danny Kessler, he initially recorded for RCA Records as Al Tousan. In early 1958 he recorded an album of instrumentals, The Wild Sound of New Orleans, with a band including Alvin "Red" Tyler (baritone sax), either Nat Perrilliat or Lee Allen (tenor sax), either Justin Adams or Roy Montrell (guitar), Frank Fields (bass), and Charles "Hungry" Williams (drums). The recordings included Toussaint and Tyler's composition "Java", which first charted for Floyd Cramer in 1962 and became a number 4 pop hit for Al Hirt (also on RCA) in 1964. Toussaint recorded and co-wrote songs with Allen Orange in the early 1960s.

Success in the 1960s

Minit and Instant Records

In 1960, Joe Banashak, of Minit Records and later Instant Records, hired Toussaint as an A&R man and record producer. He did freelance work for other labels, such as Fury. Toussaint played piano, wrote, arranged and produced a string of hits in the early and mid-1960s for New Orleans R&B artists such as Ernie K-Doe, Chris Kenner, Irma Thomas (including "It's Raining"), Art and Aaron Neville, The Showmen, and Lee Dorsey, whose first hit "Ya Ya" he produced in 1961.

The early to mid-1960s are regarded as Toussaint's most creatively successful period. Notable examples of his work are Jessie Hill's "Ooh Poo Pah Doo" (written by Hill and arranged and produced by Toussaint), Ernie K-Doe's "Mother-in-Law", and Chris Kenner's "I Like It Like That". A two-sided 1962 hit by Benny Spellman comprised "Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)" (covered by The O'Jays, Ringo Starr, and Alex Chilton) and the simple but effective "Fortune Teller" (covered by various 1960s rock groups, including The Rolling Stones, The Nashville Teens, The Who, The Hollies, The Throb, and The Searchers founder Tony Jackson). "Ruler of My Heart", written under his pseudonym Naomi Neville, first recorded by Irma Thomas for the Minit label in 1963, was adapted by Otis Redding under the title "Pain in My Heart" later that year, prompting Toussaint to file a lawsuit against Redding and his record company, Stax (the claim was settled out of court, with Stax agreeing to credit Naomi Neville as the songwriter). Redding's version of the song was also recorded by The Rolling Stones on their second album and was in the Grateful Dead's early repertoire. In 1964, "A Certain Girl" (originally by Ernie K-Doe) was the B-side of the first single release by The Yardbirds. The song was released again in 1980 by Warren Zevon, as the single from the album Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School; it reached 57 on Billboard's Hot 100. Mary Weiss, former lead singer of The Shangri-Las, released it as "A Certain Guy" in 2007. Linda Ronstadt released a jazzy version of "Ruler of my Heart" in 1998 on We Ran.

Toussaint credited about twenty songs to his parents, Clarence and Naomi, sometimes using the pseudonym "Naomi Neville". These include "Fortune Teller", first recorded by Benny Spellman in 1961, "Pain In My Heart," first a hit for Otis Redding in 1963, and "Work, Work, Work", recorded by The Artwoods in 1966. Alison Krauss and Robert Plant covered "Fortune Teller" on their 2007 album Raising Sand.

Sansu: Soul and early New Orleans funk

Toussaint was drafted into the United States Army in 1963 but continued to record when on leave. After his discharge in 1965, he joined forces with Marshall Sehorn to form Sansu Enterprises, which included a record label, Sansu, variously known as Tou-Sea, Deesu, or Kansu, and recorded Lee Dorsey, Chris Kenner, Betty Harris, and others. Dorsey had hits with several of Toussaint's songs, including "Ride Your Pony" (1965), "Working in the Coal Mine" (1966), and "Holy Cow" (1966). The core players of the rhythm section used on many of the Sansu recordings from the mid- to late 1960s, Art Neville and the Sounds, consisted of Art Neville on keyboards, Leo Nocentelli on guitar, George Porter Jr on bass, and Zigaboo Modeliste on drums. They later became known as The Meters. Their backing can be heard in songs such as Dorsey's "Ride Your Pony" and "Working in the Coal Mine", sometimes augmented by horns, which were usually arranged by Toussaint. The Toussaint-produced records of these years backed by the members of the Meters, with their increasing use of syncopation and electric instrumentation, built on the influences of Professor Longhair and others before them, but updated these strands, effectively paving the way for the development of a modern New Orleans funk sound.

1970s to 1990s

Toussaint continued to produce The Meters when they began releasing records under their own name in 1969. As part of a process begun at Sansu and reaching fruition in the 1970s, he developed a funkier sound, writing and producing for a host of artists, such as Dr. John (backed by the Meters, on the 1973 album In the Right Place, which contained the hit "Right Place, Wrong Time") and an album by The Wild Tchoupitoulas, a New Orleans Mardi Gras Indians tribe led by "Big Chief Jolly" (George Landry) (backed by the Meters and several of his nephews, including Art and Cyril Neville of the Meters and their brothers Charles and Aaron, who later performed and recorded as The Neville Brothers).

In the 1970s, Toussaint began to work with artists from beyond New Orleans artists, such as B. J. Thomas, Robert Palmer, Willy DeVille, Sandy Denny, Elkie Brooks, Solomon Burke, Scottish soul singer Frankie Miller (High Life), and southern rocker Mylon LeFevre. He arranged horn music for The Band's albums Cahoots (1971) and Rock of Ages (1972), as well as for the documentary film The Last Waltz (1978). Boz Scaggs recorded Toussaint's "What Do You Want the Girl to Do?" on his 1976 album Silk Degrees, which reached number 2 on the U.S. pop albums chart. The song was also recorded by Bonnie Raitt for her 1975 album Home Plate and by Geoff Muldaur (1976), Lowell George (1979), Vince Gill (1993), and Elvis Costello (2005). In 1976 he collaborated with John Mayall on the album Notice to Appear.

In 1973 Toussaint and Sehorn created the Sea-Saint recording studio in the Gentilly section of eastern New Orleans. Toussaint began recording under his own name, contributing vocals as well as piano. His solo career peaked in the mid-1970s with the albums From a Whisper to a Scream and Southern Nights. During this time he teamed with Labelle and produced their acclaimed 1975 album Nightbirds, which contained the number one hit "Lady Marmalade". The same year, Toussaint collaborated with Paul McCartney and Wings for their hit album Venus and Mars and played on the song "Rock Show". In 1973, his "Yes We Can Can" was covered by The Pointer Sisters for their self-titled debut album; released as a single, it became both a pop and R&B hit and served as the group's introduction to popular culture. Two years later, Glen Campbell covered Toussaint's "Southern Nights" and carried the song to number one on the pop, country, and adult contemporary charts. Toussaint's song "I'll Take A Melody" figured permanently in the repertoire of the Jerry Garcia Band.

In 1987, he was the musical director of an off-Broadway show, Staggerlee, with a score composed of songs from his catalog, which ran for 150 performances. Like many of his contemporaries, Toussaint found that interest in his compositions was rekindled when his work began to be sampled by hip hop artists in the 1980s and 1990s.

2000s

Most of Toussaint's possessions, including his home and recording studio, Sea-Saint Studios, were lost during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. He initially sought shelter at the Astor Crowne Plaza Hotel on Canal Street. Following the hurricane, whose aftermath left most of the city flooded, he left New Orleans for Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and for several years settled in New York City. His first television appearance after the hurricane was on the September 7, 2005, episode of the Late Show with David Letterman, sitting in with Paul Shaffer and his CBS Orchestra. Toussaint performed regularly at Joe's Pub in New York City through 2009. He eventually returned to New Orleans and lived there for the rest of his life.

Toussaint is interviewed on screen, served as a musical director, led his band and appears in performance footage in the 2005 documentary film Make It Funky!, which presents a history of New Orleans music and its influence on rhythm and blues, rock and roll, funk and jazz. In the film, he performed a medley of his compositions "Fortune Teller", "Working in the Coal Mine" and "A Certain Girl". He also performed "Tipitina" in a piano duo with Jon Cleary, and accompanied Irma Thomas on "Old Records", Lloyd Price on "Lawdy Miss Clawdy", and Bonnie Raitt on "What is Success".

The River in Reverse, Toussaint's collaborative album with Elvis Costello, was released on May 29, 2006, in the UK on Verve Records by Universal Classics and Jazz UCJ. It was recorded in Hollywood and at the Piety Street Studio in the Bywater, as the first major studio session to take place after Hurricane Katrina. In 2007, Toussaint performed a duet with Paul McCartney of a song by New Orleans musician and resident Fats Domino, "I Want to Walk You Home", as their contribution to Goin' Home: A Tribute to Fats Domino on Vanguard.

In 2008, Toussaint's song "Sweet Touch of Love" was used in a deodorant commercial for the Axe (Lynx) brand. The commercial won a Gold Lion at the 2008 Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival. In February 2008, Toussaint appeared on Le Show, the Harry Shearer show broadcast on KCRW. He appeared in London in August 2008, where he performed at the Roundhouse. In October 2008 he performed at Festival New Orleans at The O2 alongside acts such as Dr. John and Buckwheat Zydeco. Sponsored by Quint Davis of the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival and Philip Anschutz, the event was intended to promote New Orleans music and culture and to revive the once lucrative tourist trade that had been almost completely lost following the flooding that came with Hurricane Katrina. After his second performance at the festival, Toussaint appeared alongside Louisiana Lieutenant Governor Mitch Landrieu.

Toussaint performed instrumentals from his album The Bright Mississippi and many of his older songs for a taping of the PBS series Austin City Limits, which aired on January 9, 2015. In December 2009, he was featured on Elvis Costello's Spectacle program on the Sundance Channel, singing "A Certain Girl". Toussaint appeared on Eric Clapton's 2010 album, Clapton, in two Fats Waller covers, "My Very Good Friend the Milkman" and "When Somebody Thinks You're Wonderful".

His late-blooming career as a performer began when he accepted an offer to play a regular Sunday brunch session at an East Village pub. Interviewed in 2014 by The Guardians Richard Williams, Toussaint said, "I never thought of myself as a performer.... My comfort zone is behind the scenes." In 2013 he collaborated on a ballet with the choreographer Twyla Tharp. Toussaint was a musical mentor to Swedish-born New Orleans songwriter and performer Theresa Andersson. Toussaint's two marriages ended in divorce.

Death
Toussaint died in the early hours of November 10, 2015, in Madrid, Spain, while on tour. Following a concert at the Teatro Lara on Calle Corredera Baja de San Pablo, he had a heart attack at his hotel and was pronounced dead on his arrival at the hospital. He was 77. He had been due to perform a sold-out concert at the EFG London Jazz Festival at The Barbican on November 15 with his band and Theo Croker. He was also scheduled to play with Paul Simon at a benefit concert in New Orleans on December 8. His final recording, American Tunes, titled after the Paul Simon song, which he sings on the album, was released by Nonesuch Records on June 10, 2016.

He was survived by his three children, Clarence (better known as Reginald), Naomi, and Alison, and several grandchildren. His children had managed his career in his last years.

Writing in The New York Times, Ben Sisario quoted Quint Davis, producer of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival: "In the pantheon of New Orleans music people, from Jelly Roll Morton to Mahalia Jackson to Fats—that's the place where Allen Toussaint is..." Paul Simon said, "We were friends and colleagues for almost 40 years.... We played together at the New Orleans jazz festival. We played the benefits for Katrina relief. We were about to perform together on December 8. I was just beginning to think about it; now I'll have to think about his memorial. I am so sad."

The Daily Telegraph described Toussaint as "a master of New Orleans soul and R&B, and one of America's most successful songwriters and producers," adding that "self-effacing Toussaint played a crucial role in countless classic songs popularised by other artists." He had written so many songs, over more than five decades, that he admitted to forgetting quite a few.

Partial discography

The Wild Sound of New Orleans (1958)
Toussaint (1971,  From a Whisper to a Scream)
Life, Love and Faith (1972)
Southern Nights (1975)
Motion (1978)
I Love a Carnival Ball, Mr Mardi Gras Starring Allen Toussaint (1987)
Connected (1996)
A New Orleans Christmas (1997)
Allen Toussaint's Jazzity Project: Going Places (2004)
The Bright Mississippi (2009)
American Tunes (2016)

Awards and honors

Toussaint was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998, the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2009, the Songwriter's Hall of Fame, and the Blues Hall of Fame in 2011. In 2013 he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama. In 2016, he posthumously won the Pinetop Perkins Piano Player title at the Blues Music Awards. In January 2022, the New Orleans City Council voted unanimously to rename one of the city's thoroughfares, Robert E. Lee Boulevard, to Allen Toussaint Boulevard in his honor.

References

External links

Allen Toussaint profile, NPR.org; accessed October 5, 2014.
[ Allen Toussaint profile], allmusic.com; accessed October 5, 2014.
Allen Toussaint NYNO Records profile, nynorecords.com; accessed October 5, 2014.
Allen Toussaint speaks about songwriting and creating music NAMM Oral History Interview (2015)
A Conversation with Allen Toussaint (interviewer: Larry Appelbaum), November 1, 2007; from The Library of Congress (Video, Captions, Transcript)

1938 births
2015 deaths
Rhythm and blues musicians from New Orleans
African-American pianists
American people of French descent
American jazz pianists
Record producers from Louisiana
American soul musicians
Bell Records artists
Nonesuch Records artists
Reprise Records artists
Songwriters from Louisiana
American rhythm and blues keyboardists
American blues pianists
American male pianists
United States National Medal of Arts recipients
20th-century American pianists
21st-century American pianists
Jazz musicians from New Orleans
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
African-American songwriters
20th-century African-American musicians
21st-century African-American musicians
American male songwriters

Allen Toussaint


An Mormolyca vanillosma in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Eric Alston Christenson, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Julian Mark Hugh Shaw. An Mormolyca vanillosma in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mormolyca, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mormolyca

Mormolyca vanillosma


Edmund Davie Fulton (-) est un juge et un homme politique canadien de la Colombie-Britannique. Il est député fédéral progressiste-conservateur de la circonscription britanno-colombienne de Kamloops de 1945 à 1963 et de 1965 à 1968.

Biographie
Né à Kamloops en Colombie-Britannique, Fulton est le fils de , député fédéral et provincial, et de Winnifred M. Davie, elle-même fille de Alexander Edmund Batson Davie, premier ministre de la Colombie-Britannique de 1887 à 1889. Il est le cadet d'une famille de 4 enfants et récipiendaire d'une bourse Rhodes.

Durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il sert comme commandant dans les Forces armées canadiennes dans la compagnie Platoon et commander avec The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada. Ensuite comme vice-assistant de l'adjudant-général avec le 1re Division du Canada d'infanterie durant des campagnes en Italie et dans le nord-ouest de l'Europe. Son frère, John Moose Fulton se distingue dans l'Aviation royale canadienne, mais est portée disparue en 1942. En 1944, l'aéroport de Kamloops est renommé Fulton Field.

Politique
Rappelé de la guerre par le parti conservateur, il remporte l'élection fédérale de 1945 dans Kamloops.

En 1949, il introduit un projet de loi visant à criminaliser la publication, la distribution et la vente de bandes dessinées policières en raison du meurtre de deux adolescents au Yukon pour lequel il blâmait l'influence de ces comics que les meurtriers avaient lu.

Candidat lors de la , mais termine troisième derrière John Diefenbaker et Donald Fleming.

Lorsque Diefenbaker amène les Progressiste-conservateur au pouvoir en 1957, Fulton est nommé ministre de la Justice. En tant que ministre, il participe aux négociations concernant le rapatriement de la Constitution du Canada et au développement de la formule Fulton-Favreau. En 1962, il devient ministre des Travaux publics. Son cousin, , occupe le poste de secrétaire parlementaire du ministre des Pêches durant cette période.

Il démissionne du cabinet en 1963, quand il décide de prendre la direction du Parti conservateur de la Colombie-Britannique. Cependant, ses efforts pour relancer les tories sont un échec et il décide de revenir en politique fédérale à la faveur des élections de 1965.

Candidat lors de la , mais il termine à nouveau troisième derrière Robert Stanfield et Dufferin Roblin.

Défait lors des élections de 1968 dans Kamloops—Cariboo, il quitte la politique est retourne à la pratique du droit. En 1973, il devient juge à la Cour suprême de la Colombie-Britannique. Il y siège jusqu'en 1981. De 1986 à 1992, il sert comme commissaire de la Commission mixte internationale.

En 1992, il est fait officier de l'Ordre du Canada et meurt à Vancouver le .

Le fonds d'archives E. Davie Fulton est disponible à la Bibliothèque et Archives Canada.

Résultats électoraux

Références
The Hon. Edmund Davie Fulton, P.C., Q.C., O.C., M.P. - Chambre des communes du Canada

Naissance en mars 1916
Naissance à Kamloops
Officier de l'Ordre du Canada
Député fédéral canadien provenant de la Colombie-Britannique
Député du Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada
Chef du Parti conservateur de la Colombie-Britannique
Juge de Colombie-Britannique
Décès en mai 2000
Décès à Vancouver
Décès à 84 ans

Davie Fulton


Julian Patrick Barnes (Leicester, 19. siječnja 1946.), engleski pisac, leksikograf i književni kritičar. Širu popularnost stječe romanom "Flaubertova papiga" (1984.). Za roman Slutnja kraja" (2011.) dobiva nagradu Booker.

Životopis
Diplomirao je filologiju na Oxfordu 1968. Nekoliko godina surađuje kao leksikograf na glasovitom oksfordskom rječniku engleskog jezika (Oxford English Dictionary). Tijekom 1970-ih piše književne kritike i oglede, radeći istovremeno na seriji humornih detektivskih romana koje objavljuje pod pseudonimom Dan Kavanagh. To su "Duffy" (1980.), "Grad muljatora" (1981.), "Cipelarenje" (1985.) i "Otići dovraga" (1987.). Njihov junak je biseksualni londonski privatni detektiv, bivši policajac.

U isto vrijeme objavljuje i pod vlastitim imenom. "U podzemlju" (1980.) je roman o odrastanju, sa zamjetnom autorovom simpatijom prema frankofonoj kulturi. "Prije nego me upoznala" (1982.) tematizira bračnu ljubomoru. Najpoznatiji i najčitaniji mu je roman "Flaubertova papiga" (1984.), kombinacija biografije, prijepovijedanja, eseja i leksikografije. Tema romana "Dikobraz" (1992.) su događanja u Istočnoj Europi nakon pada komunizma. U zbirci novela "Preko La Manchea" (1996.) obrađuje francuske teme.

Nagradu Booker dobiva za roman "Slutnja kraja", u kojem istražuje zaborav i starenje služeći se nepouzdanim pripovjedačem. Za istu je nagradu još triput ulazio u uži izbor, s romanima "Flaubertova papiga", "Engleska, Engleska" (1998.) i "Arthur i George" (2005.). "Engleska, Engleska" se na satiričan način bavi engleskim nacionalnim mitovima, dok je "Arthur i George" povijesni roman u kojem je jedan od likova oblikovan po književniku Arthuru Conanu Doyleu. Među zapaženijim romanima mu je i "Šum vremena" (2016.). Obrađuje epizodu iz života skladatelja Dimitrija Šostakoviča.

Djela (nepotpun popis)

Pod pseudonimom Dan Kavanagh
"Duffy", 1980., roman
"Grad muljatora" (Fiddle City, 1981.), roman
"Cipelarenje" (Putting the Boot In, 1985.), roman
"Otići dovraga" (Going to the Dogs, 1987.), roman

Pod vlastitim imenom
"U podzemlju" (Metroland, 1980.), roman o odrastanju
"Prije nego me upoznala" (Before she met me, 1982.), roman
"Flaubertova papiga" (Flaubert's Parrot, 1984.), roman
"Povijest svijeta u 10 i 1/2 poglavlja" (A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters, 1989.), roman
"Pretresanje" (Talking It Over, 1991.), roman
"Dikobraz" (The Porcupine, 1992.), roman
"Preko La Manchea" (Cross Channel, 1996.), zbirka novela
"Engleska, Engleska" (England, England, 1998.), roman
"Ljubav, itd." (Love, etc., 2000.), roman, nastavak romana "Pretresanje"
"Arthur i George" (Arthur & George, 2005.), povijesni roman
"Nema razloga za strah" (Nothing to Be Frightened Of, 2008.), memoarski zapisi
"Slutnja kraja" (The Sense of an Ending, 2011.), roman
"Šum vremena" (The Noise of Time, 2016.), roman

Izvori

Britanska književnost

Julian Barnes


O Campeonato Africano de Hóquei em Patins é a principal competição de Hóquei em Patins ao nível de Países a realizar em África vai na segunda edição. É organizado pela World Skate Africa – Rink Hockey.

Ficará também marcado pela 1ª Edição do Campeonato Africano de Hóquei em Patins Sub-20, que decorrerá em paralelo ao Campeonato Africano Sénior.

Inicialmente marcado para as datas entre 28 e 30 de Setembro de 2022  e remarcado para as datas de 07 a 11 de Dezembro de 2022, decorrerá no Cairo, Egipto, integrando as festividades dos Jogos Africanos de Patinagem a decorrer em Lagos (Nigéria), entre 24 a 30 de Agosto de 2023.

Países participantes
A segunda edição do Campeonato Africano de hóquei em patins, a disputar-se de 21 de Agosto a 26 de Agosto de 2023, no Cairo, Egipto.

Estão inscritas nas duas provas as selecções de Angola, Egipto, Moçambique e África do Sul.

 não vai ao Africano.

Apuramento
O triunfo dos Seniores Masculinos angolanos garante a presença no próximo Campeonato do Mundo 2024, que só tinha uma vaga para equipas africanas. Angola, 6ª em San Juan, juntar-se-á a Espanha, Portugal, Itália e França (os quatro mais bem classificados do Europeu) e a três selecções Pan-Americanas, ainda por apurar.

Nessa edição dos World Skate Games, o Egipto conquistou o direito a disputar a Taça Intercontinental (uma espécie de segunda divisão) depois de ter sido 3º na Taça Challenger ("terceira divisão"), 19º na geral, em 2022.

Seniores

Apuramento de campeão

Sub-19

Apuramento de campeão

Sítios Angolanos
 Federação Angolana de Hóquei Patins
 Jornal de angola
 Angola Press com atualidade do Hóquei Patins neste País
 /Noticias de angola
 Sapo Desporto
 Jornal dos Desportos

Sítios Moçambicanos
 Federação Moçambicana de Patinagem
  Jornal de Notícias de Moçambique com actualidade do Hóquei Patins neste País
 O Pais
 Sapo Desporto

Internacional

 Hoqueipt
 world skate
 rinkhockey.net
 HóqueiPatins.pt
 ZeroZero
 Plurisports

Competições de hóquei sobre patins

Campeonato Africano de Hóquei em Patins de 2022


النيابة العامة في دبي هي جهة حكومية تابعة لإمارة دبي تم تشكيلها كدائرة مستقلة لتحقيق العدالة القضائية فيما يخص الحق العام للإمارة. تختص برفع الدعاوي الجزائية و مباشرتها. هي جزء من الهيئة القضائية حيث تتولى سلطتي التحقيق و الاتهام و إحالة المتهم إلى المحاكم المختصة إذا ما ثبت تورطه في الجريمة ، كما تشرف النيابة العامة على مراحل سير القضية في المحاكم الجزائية.

مسؤولياتها

من مسؤوليتها:

 تتولى النيابة العامة أمور الانابات القضائية بشان تسليم المجرمين و متابعتهم وفقاً للاتفاقيات الدولية بالتعاون مع الشرطةالجنائية الدولية حتى لا يتمكن المجرم من الفرار بجريمته من دولة إلى دولة أخرى و الذي يعتبر انتهاكا خطيراً لحق الدولة في العقاب.
 تختص النيابة المدنية بتمثيل حكومة دبي و دوائرها المحلية و مؤسساتها و هيئاتها العامة أمام القضاء المدني في جميع مراحل التقاضي سواء برفع الدعاوي المدنية على الغير أو الدفاع عن الدوائر المحلية و الهيئات و المؤسسات إذا رفعت دعاوى ضدها أمام المحاكم المدنية و قد أنشئت النيابة المدنية عام 1992 تحت مسمى نيابة الأموال الشخصية و بناء على القانون رقم 6 لسنة 2004 و الصادر بشأن مؤسسة الأوقاف و شؤون القصر كما تم فصل مهام متابعة النيابة المدنية لأموال القصر و المحجور عليهم و المفقودين و الغائبين لتتولى مباشرة الرقابة على أموال القصر و مباشرة النظارة القانونية على الأوقاف ورعايتها و استثمارها أمام المحاكم المختصة.

المراجع

حكومة دبي

النيابة العامة (دبي)


Binicilik, kısaca ata binme becerisidir. Binicilik; atı kullanma sanatı olup atı tam yerinde, sakin, zamanında, güven içinde ve olabildiğince işe uygun kuvvet sarf ettirerek kullanma becerisidir. Biniciliğin tarihi çok eski zamanlara kadar uzanır.

Binicilik sporunun ilk izlerine, tarihte ilk Türk devleti olarak bilinen ve Çin'de yaşamış olan Chou "Çu" sülalesinin hâkimiyeti döneminde rastlanmaktadır. Türk asıllı imparator Hiao'dan (MÖ 900) söz eden kronikler, kendisinin mükemmel bir at ustası (binici) olduğunu yazmaktadırlar. Ata ilk binen kavim Türklerdir ve atlar ilk kez Türkler tarafından evcilleştirilmiştir.

Binicilik tarihine damgasını vuranlalardan en önemlileri, savaşlarda önemli rol oynayan, süvari denen atlı askerlerdir. İlk süvari birliklerini MÖ 2600'de Çinlilerin kurdukları bilinmektedir. Çinliler ata binmeyi MÖ 3. yüzyılda Hunlardan öğrenmişlerdir. Ancak binicilikte asıl gelişme, 5. yüzyılda eyerin bulunmasından sonra gerçekleşmiştir. Daha önceleri çıplak atın sırtına binilir ya da atın sırtına bir kilim ve battaniye atılarak oturulurdu.

Günümüzde askeri amaçlı binicilik gerilerken, spor amaçlı binicilik önem kazanmıştır. Binicilikte başlıca iki biçim vardır: İngiliz biniciliği ve Batı biniciliği. İngiliz biniciliği spor amacıyla yapılan biniciliktir. Batı biniciliği ise Amerika kıtalarında kovboy denen sığır çobanlarına özgü biniciliktir. Kovboylar, uzun üzengili ağır eyerler kullanır ve bacakları düz duracak biçimde ata binerler. İngiliz biniciliği ise, binicinin güvenliğini, binicinin atı denetimini ve atın rahatlığını dikkate alan bir anlayışa dayanır.

Çocukların ata binmeyi öğrenmelerinin en iyi yolu, genellikle boylarına uygun midilliler ile sağlanır.

At
At; bilimsel adı Equus Caballus'tur. Çok eski çağlardan beri insanoğlu ile beraber yaşayan atın geçmişi günümüzden yaklaşık 55 milyon yıl öncesine dayanır. En eski şekli ile atın insanoğlundan 50 milyon yıl önce var olduğu kabul edilir. Erkek ata aygır, dişi ata kısrak, yavrusuna tay, kastre edilene iğdiş, başıboş dolaşana hergele ya da yılkı denir. Yük işinde kullanılan atlara beygir adı verilir .

Atların bölümleri üç başlık altında incelenebilir. Bunlar: Baş, gövde ve bacaklardır. Baş bölgesinde tepe, alın, burun, ağız ve dudaklar bulunur. Gövde bölgesinde; boyun, cidağı, sırt, bel, sağrı, karın ve kalçalar bulunur. Bacaklar ön ve arka bacaklar olarak ikiye ayrılır. Ön bacaklarda omuzlar, pazu, kestaneler, topuklar, bukağılık ve tırnak bulunur. Arka bacaklarda ise, uyluklar, baldırlar, hanep, incik, topuk ve tırnak bulunur.

Don; atın vücut, yele ve kuyruğundaki tüy ve kılların rengine denir. Don, tay büyümesini tamamlayıncaya kadar değişebilir. Ancak büyüme çağının sonunda tüylerinin rengi gerçek donu oluşturur ve yaşlılık çağına kadar devam edebilir. Atların alın ve yüzlerindeki nişanelere akıtma, ayaklarındakilere ise seki adı verilir. Donlar bir renkli, iki renkli, üç renkli ve müzdeviç olarak dörde ayrılır. Bir renkli donlar: al, yağız, beyaz ve izabel'dir. Iki renkli donlar: doru, kula, boz ve kır olarak dörde ayrılır. Üç renkli donlar ise; ahreç, kızıl kır ve üveyik kır'dır. Müzdeviç donlar; hayvanın üzerinde başlı başına iki donun bölümler şeklinde bulunası ile olur ve bu donlardan birisi genellikle beyazdır .

Donatım; Binicilik sporunda at ve binici tarafından kullanılan teçhizat ve malzemelerdir. At donatımındaki temel teçhizat ve malzemeler:

Başlık; atın sevk ve idaresi için kullanılan temel donatımdır. Kullanım maksatlarına göre birçok çeşidi bulunan başlığın ana parçaları; tepe kayışı, yanak kayışı, burunsallık, çene altı kayışı, alınsallık, boğaz altı kayışı, dizgin, ağızlık demiri (Gem, kantarma vb.) ve yanak lastikleridir.

Eyer; binicinin ata oturması için deri, tahta ve demirden yapılmış teçhizata eyer denir. Eyerin altına konulan eyer altı olarak adlandırılan örtü vardır. Parçaları; ön hane, orta hane, arka hane, üst tepindirik, alt tepindirik, çeki kayışları, kolan, üzengi kayışları ve üzengilerdir (Temurlenk, 1996, s.151-208). Binicilik branşlarına göre eyer çeşitleri mevcuttur.

Mevsimsel olarak kullanılan at örtüleri, profesyonel yarışlarda kullanılan getr olarak adlandırılan ayak koruyucuları ve at nakliyesinde kullanılan ayak ve kuyruk koruyucuları gibi işleve göre atlar için tasarlanmış sonsuz renk ve çeşitlerde malzemeler mevcuttur.

Binici donatımındaki malzemeler: Koruyucu başlık (Tog), binici çizmesi (botla beraber çeps denen koruyucular da tercihe bağlı olarak kullanılabilir), binici pantolonu, binici ceketi, gömlek, kravat, binici eldiveni, mahmuz ve kamçı bulunur .

Tımar; solunum organı olan derinin, normal beden ısısını koruması ve vücutta biriken toz, kir, kepek ve çamur vb. zararlı cisimlerin dışarı atılması için yapılan temizlik çalışmasıdır. Aynı zamanda binici ve at arasındaki ilişkinin gelişmesine yardımcı olur.

Manej; binicilerin ve atların binicilik eğitimini yaptıkları, yarışmaların düzenlendiği, kapalı ve açık olarak inşa edilebileceği gibi, zeminde kum, çim veya çeltik (pirinç kabuğu) kullanılan genellikle dikdörtgen şeklindeki alandır. Ölçüleri 20X40 metre veya 20X60 metre olabilir.

Ahır veya Hara; atların çalışma dışında yerleştirildikleri ve korundukları 4 tarafı kapalı yerdir. Ahırların tasarımları atların kullanım alanlarına göre değişmektedir. Üretim haralarında genelde aygırlar 4m'ye 4m genişliğindeki bölmelerde ve hamile veya taylı kısraklar bölmesiz, içerisinde suluk bulunan açık alanlarda muhafaza edilir. Binicilik kulüplerinde ise 4 yanı kapalı bölmeli ahırlar mevcuttur. At bakılan tesislerin ahır veya hara sistemleri  işletmecilerine göre farklılıklar göstermektedir.

Padok; atların doğasında olan 'otlama' isteklerini karşıladıkları yeşil açık alanlardır. Atlar sürü hayvanları ve otçul oldukları için otlamak doğalarında vardır. Atların hem otladıkları hem de rahat ve ferah vakit geçirdikleri alanlar olan padoklar; yer sıkıntısı olan ahır ve tesislerde toprak veya kum zemin olarak bölümlendirilmiştir veya çoğunlukla tesislerde bulunmamaktadır.

Uyarı ve Yardım; binicinin ata isteklerini bildirdiği tesirlerin hepsine birden denir. Temel yardımlar; baldır, ağırlık ve dizgin yardımıdır. Yardımcı uyarı ve yardımlar ise mahmuz, kamçı ve sestir . Yürüyüş kararları; atın belirli bir tempo ile yürürken adımlarının ve sıçramalarının eşit uzunluk ve eşit zamanda atılmasıdır. Atın doğal olarak üç yürüyüş şekli vardır. Adeta; dört zamanlı bir yürüyüş şekli olup, atın her ayağını farklı zamanlarda atmasıyla yaptığı en yavaş yürüyüş şeklidir. Süratli; iki zamanlı bir yürüyüş şeklidir ve at çapraz ayaklarını aynı zamanda atar. Dörtnal ise üç zamanlı ve en hızlı yürüyüş şeklidir .

Biniciliğin tarihi

Günümüzden 4 bin yıl önce Orta Asya'daki Türklerin atı binek hayvanı olarak kullandıkları bilinmektedir. Ata sağlam oturmanın ve üzenginin önemini ise ilk olarak Kafkas kökenli İskitler kavramışlardır. At sırtında savaşan ve avlanan en eski topluluk olarak Hititler tarihe geçmiştir. Ksenophon'un "Hippike" adlı kitabı, binicilik konusunda yazılan ilk kitaptır. Bugün de kullandığımız yöntemlerle atın zor kullanmadan eğitilebileceğini ilk ileri süren kişi, "Ecolé de Cavalerie" adlı kitabın yazarı François Robichon de la Guérinière'dir.

Türkler, Orta Asya'da göçebe olarak yaşadıkları eski çağlarda iyi biniciydiler. Eski Türklerin çöğen(polo), cirit gibi at sırtında oynanan oyunlarda usta oldukları bilinmektedir. Ama yerleşik yaşama geçildikçe ve Osmanlı döneminde, özellikle kentlerde binicilik önemini yitirmiş ve askeri amaçlarla sınırlı kalmıştır. 1913'te Sipahi Ocağı'nın kurulmasıyla biniciliğe yeniden önem verilmeye başlanmıştır. Özellikle cumhuriyet döneminde binicilik sivillerin de ilgi gösterdiği bir spor haline gelmiştir. Türk biniciler uluslararası yarışmalara ilk kez 1931'de katılmış ve Yüzbaşı Cevat Mustafa bireysel sıralamada üçüncülük elde etmiştir. Ertesi yıl Teğmen Saim Polatkan Nice konkurhipiklerinde "Kısmet" adlı atıyla ikinci olmuştur. Türk biniciler arasında uluslararası karşılaşmada ilk altın madalyayı 1934'te Viyana konkurhipiklerinde Teğmen Cevat Gürkan almıştır. Uluslararası karşılaşmalarda adını duyuran ilk Türk kadın binici Hayal Gönenli'dir ve 1971 yılında Balkan şampiyonasında gümüş madalya kazanmıştır. Sonraki tarihlerde, özellikle Balkan ülkeleri arasından yapılan karşılaşmalarda pek çok Türk binici madalya almıştır.

Binicilik branşları
Günümüzde binicilik branşları Uluslararası Binicilik Federasyonu'na (FEI)  bağlı olan Engel Atlama, At Terbiyesi ve Engelli At Terbiyesi, 3 Günlük Yarışma, Atlı Dayanıklılık, Voltij (Atlı Jimnastik), Atlı Arabacılık ve Engelli Atlı Arabacılık ve Dizginleme olarak kategorilendirilmiştir. Bu branşların dışında branş olarak disipline edilmemiş, kültürel sporlar arasında Polo, Varil Yarışları, Horseball, Atlı Okçuluk gibi at üzerinde yapılan gösteri veya yarış amaçlı sporlar mevcuttur.

Binicilik branşları, düz koşudan farklı olmakla beraber daha fazla kural ve talimatlar içermektedir.

Ata binme ve attan inme

Ata, atın sol tarafından binilip sol taraftan inilir. Atın hareketsiz kalmasını sağlamak için dizgin sol elde sıkı ve gergin tutulur. Binici, sol omzu atın sol tarafına gelecek biçimde, sırtı atın kuyruk tarafına gelecek şekilde durur. Sol eli ile dizgini ve kamçıyı tutar, iki elini de atın ensesine koyar. Sol ayağını üzengiye geçirir ve ayağıyla bastırarak üzengiyi kolanın altına doğru iter. Sonra ata doğru döner ve eyerin ortasını ya da öte yandaki kenarını tutarak hafifçe sıçrar. Sağ bacağını atın üzerinden aşırarak yavaşça eyere oturur. Sağ ayağını da üzengiye geçirerek rahat bir oturuş sağlar ve dizginleri denetimi altına alır. Ata binmenin temeli dengeli bir biçimde sıçramaya ve sağ ayağını atın üzerinden seri biçimde aşırmaya dayanır.

Attan değişik biçimlerde inilebilir. Binici genellikle atı durduktan sonra, dizginleri ve varsa kamçıyı sol eline alır. Ayaklarını üzengilerden çıkarır ve öne doğru hafifçe eğilerek sol elini atın boynuna, sağ elini eyerin ön bölümüne dayar. Sağ bacağını atın sırtından sol tarafına aşırarak yere atlar. Binici yavaşça parmak uçları üzerine ve atın biraz açığına inmelidir. Daha sonra dizginler sağ ele alınır ve at kısa mesafeden tutulur. Attan inmeden önce dikkat edilecek en önemli nokta, her iki ayağın da üzengilerden çıkarılmış olmasıdır.

Binicilikte duruşlar

Pek çok binicilik stili ve bu stillerin kendilerine özgü duruşları vardır. Fakat dünya çapında kullanılan ortak kurallar bulunmaktadır.

Binicilikte ata yapılan doğal yardımlar sırasıyla, dizgin, baldır ve ağırlıktır. Bu ana unsurların dışında ses, kamçı ve mahmuz gibi ek araçlar da kullanılır. Atın sırtında duruş çok önemlidir ve biniciliğin temelini oluşturur. Binicinin eyerin üstünde, başı ve vücudu dik biçimde oturması gerekir. Eyerin en derin kısmına yerleşmek önemlidir.

Üzengi binicinin atın sırtında güvenle durmasına ve dengesini sağlamasına yardımcı olur. Ayaklar üzengide yaklaşık 45° açıyla dışarıya dönük olmalı, topuklar ayak ucundan biraz aşağıda ve dizler eyere değecek biçimde durmalıdır.

Dizginler sol elde ya da her iki elde ayrı ayrı tutulur. Dizginler ne gevşek ne de gergin olmalıdır. Gevşek tutulduğunda atın denetimi zorlaşır. Dizginleri germek de atın rahat olmasını engeller.

Acemi biniciler ayağının tümünü üzengiye yerleştirir ve böylece kendilerini daha güvende hissederler. Oysa usta biniciler yalnızca ayağın tarak kemiği hizasından üzengiye basarlar. Bu biniş biniciye daha iyi bir denetim olanağı verir ve baldırlar ile topukların etkili bir biçimde kullanılabilmesini sağlar. Ayrıca üzengiyi ayağın tamamına sokmak, tehlikeli bir zamanda, mesela düşerken üzenginin ayakta kalarak binicinin sürüklenebilmesine neden olur.

Atın yürüyüş biçimleri

Atların değişik yürüyüş biçimleri vardır. Atın bazı yürüyüş biçimleri doğuştan gelir. Bazı yürüyüş biçimleri de ata sonradan öğretilebilir. Her atın üç doğal yürüyüşü vardır. Bunlar adeta, süratli ve dörtnal olarak adlandırılır. Ayrıca atlar sonradan da yürüyüş biçimleri edinebilirler. Rahvan binicilik, eşkin gibi yürüyüş biçimleri atların sonradan edindiği yürüyüşlerdir.

Doğal yürüyüş biçimlerinin en yavaşı adetadır. Bu yürüyüş, acemi binicilerin kendilerini en rahat hissettiği biçimdir. Adeta yürüyüş biçiminde at önce bir yanındaki, sonra da öbür yanındaki ayaklarını ileri atar. Yürüyüş boyunca ayakları yere çok yakın kalır. Süratli, atın biraz daha hızlı bir yürüyüş biçimidir. Bu yürüyüş biçiminde atın çaprazındaki bacaklar birlikte hareket eder. Süratlide at binicisini sıçratır ve bundan dolayı binici ayaklarını üzengiye basarak eyer üzerinden kendini hafifçe kaldırmalıdır. Ya da adi süratli denilen yürüyüş biçimi için binici, eyere hiç kalkmadan oturacak ve baldırları ile atı sıkıştıracaktır. Dörtnal, atın doğal yürüyüşünün en hızlısıdır. At, dörtnalda önce arka ayaklardan birini ileri atar, ikinci adımda öbür arka ayakla birlikte ona çapraz ön ayağını, üçüncü adımda da öteki ön ayağını ileri atar. Bu noktada atın bütün ayakları yerden kesilir. At ilk attığı ön ayağını yere bastıktan sonra bütün bu hareketleri tekrarlar.

At, dizginler hafifçe çekilerek, topuklar aşağıya basılarak ve geri yaslanarak durdurulur. Eğer gerek duyulursa yumuşak bir sesle 'Ohoo' denilir.

Olimpiyatlar'da binicilik

At terbiyesi:
Bireysel
Takım

Engel Atlama:
Bireysel
Takım
3 Günlük Yarışma (Concours Complet):
Bireysel
Takım

Ayrıca bakınız
 Yaşayan At Müzesi
 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda binicilik
 Fransız Geleneğinde Binicilik
 Türkiye Binicilik Federasyonu
 Uluslararası Binicilik Federasyonu
 Akdeniz Oyunları'nda binicilik
 Atlarda davranış
 Atlı okçuluk
 Cirit
 Çevgan
 At yarışı

Notlar

Binicilik sporları
Bireysel sporlar
Yaz Olimpiyatları sporları

Binicilik


Marguerite Ghy-Lemm (née Marguerite Pauline Augustine Lemaire le  à Fontenoy-le-Château et morte le  à Paris ) est une artiste peintre française.

Jeunesse
Marguerite Lemaire grandit à Fontenoy-le-Château où son père est brasseur. Elle est l'aînée d'une fratrie de trois enfants.

En 1910, elle épouse Hans Ekegardh, lui aussi artiste peintre, natif de Kristianstad  en Suède.

Carrière
Marguerite Lemaire n'a suivi aucune école d'art et peint en toute liberté. Par sa peinture, elle restitue la vie mondaine de l'entre-deux-guerres, les plages des stations balnéaires, les maisons de couture... Autodidacte, elle n'a subi l'influence d'aucune école et a peint avec beaucoup de liberté.

Ghy-Lemm participe entre autres aux expositions du Salon d'Automne 1920, du Salon des Tuileries et du Salon des Indépendants . Elle expose à la Galerie Druet, la Galerie Henry, Bernheim-Jeune, Codette Weill. Avec son mari, elle expose aussi à Stockholm en 1922. Elle collabore comme illustratrice à des magazines suédois.

En 1924, le tableau qu'elle présente au Salon d'automne est jugé scandaleux et est retiré de l'exposition ; il représentait un peintre nu devant son chevalet. En 1925, elle expose à la Galerie Barbazanges avec d'autres femmes peintres dont Marie Laurencin, Fernande Barrey, Chériane, Marguerite Crissay, Hermine David, Suzanne Duchamp, Irène Lagut, Marie Laurencin, Hélène Perdriat, Valentine Prax.

Dix œuvres de Ghy-Lemm sont conservées  au Nationalmuseum de Stockholm.

Sources bibliographiques
 Pierre Sanchez, Dictionnaire du Salon des Tuileries (1923-1962) - Répertoire des artistes et listes de, Tome I et II, p. , éd. Échelle de Jacob,
 Pierre Sanchez, Dictionnaire du Salon d'automne (1903-1945), t.2., p. 591, éd. Échelle de Jacob,2006,
  Martin Wolpert, Jeffrey Winter, Modern Figurative Paintings: The Paris Connection, p. 127, ed. Schiffer Pubishing, 2033,
 René Édouard-Joseph, Supplément au dictionnaire biographique des artistes contemporains, éd. Art édition, p. 73, 1936 ·
 La Rampe, revue des théâtres, Ghy-Lemm, n°200, 12 novembre 1921, p. 18.

Références

Peintre français du XXe siècle
Peintre française
Personnalité liée au département des Vosges
Personnalité liée à la Lorraine
Naissance en février 1888
Naissance à Fontenoy-le-Château
Décès en février 1962
Décès dans le 19e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 74 ans

Marguerite Ghy-Lemm


Lorraine est une ville américaine située dans le comté d'Ellsworth, au Kansas. Selon le recensement de 2020, sa population est de .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Ville au Kansas
Comté d'Ellsworth

Lorraine (Kansas)


Amayé-sur-Orne (, literally Amayé on Orne) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of northwestern France.  Its inhabitants are known as Amayéens or Amayéennes

Geography
Amayé-sur-Orne is located approximately 10 km south-west of Caen and 5 km east of Évrecy. It can be accessed by road D212 from Vieux in the north which continues south to Thury-Harcourt and by road D41 from Evrecy in the west which continues to Clinchamps-sur-Orne in the east.  Closely located to the town are a number of hamlets including: Saint-Lambert, La Butte, Le Pont du Coudray, and Les Godets.  These villages form a single conurbation with the village.  The rest of the commune is entirely farmland.

The eastern border of the commune is formed by the Orne river. A stream, flows through the village and down to the Orne and another stream flowing to the Orne forms the southern boundary of the commune. The Guigne stream forms the northern border of the commune and also flows to the Orne.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Amayé-sur-Orne

Twinning

Amayé-sur-Orne has twinning associations with:
 Johannesberg (Germany) since 1991.

Population

Sites and Monuments

The Ifs Cemetery is a listed site (SC 9 January 1933)
The Butte de l'Orne'' is another World Heritage Site (SC 9 January 1933)
A Lavoir (Public laundry)
The Chateau de la Butte (19th century)
The Chateau de Vaux (18th century)
The Bell Tower Attic of the Church of Notre Dame''' hosts breeding colonies of large bats and is a registered Site of Community Importance (SIC)

Gallery

See also
 Communes of the Calvados department

References

External links
Amayé-sur-Orne on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Amayé-sur-Orne on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Calvados (department)

Amayé-sur-Orne


Halldór Kristján Friðriksson, né le  à  et mort le  à Reykjavík, est un professeur et homme politique islandais.

Biographie

Professeur de sciences naturelles et de latin à Reykjavík de 1848 à 1895, membre du Parlement, il est surtout connu pour apparaître comme personnage dans le chapitre IX du roman de Jules Verne Voyage au centre de la Terre lorsque le professeur Lidenbrock le rencontre.

Publications

On lui doit plusieurs études :
 1846 : Islandsk læsebog
 1847 : Sagan af Birni Hítdoelakappa
 1848 : Sagan af Þórði Hreðu
 1850 : Bandamanna saga
 1854 : Stafrófskver handa börnum
 1859 : Íslenzkar rjettritunarreglur
 1861 : Íslenzk málmyndalýsíng, Gefin út af hinu Islenzka bókmentafèlagi
 1864 : Skýring hinna almennu málfraeðislegu hugmynda
 1901 : Donsk Malfroaedi

Notes et références

Liens externes

Professeur
Personnalité politique islandaise
Naissance en novembre 1819
Décès en mars 1902
Décès à Reykjavik
Décès à 82 ans

Halldór Kristján Friðriksson


Lobbies er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Asta Meldal Lynge efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Offentligt og privat rum, såvel som interiør og eksteriør flyder sammen i Asta Meldal Lynges studie af lobbyen som arkitektonisk (og perceptuelt) fænomen. Lobbyen er et "mellemrum" og et transitsted, der er defineret netop ved sin flygtighed og fravær af en egen identitet. Og på baggrund af optagelser fra London og New York undersøger Meldal Lynge oplevelsen af moderne bymiljøer set gennem en kameralinse. Lobbyernes transparente overflader og uendelige spejlinger skaber en svimlende erfaring af det urbane byrum i et slags tidsligt loop, hvor nuet reproduceres i det uendelige. Man er aldrig helt sikker på om noget af det man ser er reelt eller blot en spejling - et slags urbant fata morgana - i en film, der undersøger menneskets færden i modernistiske bylandskaber af glas, stål og beton.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2012

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Lobbies


Bronagh Waugh (Coleraine, Irlanda del Norte; 6 de octubre de 1982) es una actriz británica, más conocida por haber interpretado a Cheryl Brady en la serie Hollyoaks.

Biografía
En septiembre de 2018 casó con su novio Richard Peacock. En marzo de 2021 la pareja anunció que estaban esperando a su primer bebé juntos. El 5 de mayo de 2021 nació su primer hijo, un varón.

Carrera
En 2008 interpretó a Cheryl en el spin-off de la serie conocida como Hollyoaks: Later. El 24 de noviembre de 2009, se unió al elenco de la exitosa serie británica Hollyoaks, donde interpretó a Cheryl Brady hasta el 22 de marzo de 2013.

En 2013 se unió al elenco de la serie The Fall, donde interpreta a la enfermera neonatal Sally-Ann Spector.

Filmografía

Series de televisión

Películas

Premios y nominaciones

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Digital Spy :: Celebrity News :: Bronagh Waugh
 MailOnline | Bronagh Waugh | News
 Bronagh Waugh on TV.com

Actores de cine de Irlanda del Norte
Actores de televisión de Irlanda del Norte

Bronagh Waugh


Long Range Acoustic Device (forkortet LRAD) er et akustisk system udviklet til brug af det amerikanske militær. Det kan benyttes som en højtaler til at forstærke en stemme eller det kan udsende en tone med et kraftigt lydtryk der kan være smertefuldt at blive udsat for.

Eksempler på brug
LRAD blev udviklet på bestilling af det amerikanske forsvarsministerium som et ikke-dødeligt våben og udviklet af LRAD Corporation (på tidspunktet American Technology Corporation). LRAD blev benyttet som et akustisk våben allerede under Irakkrigen. Havnen i Basra benyttedes den desuden til at give højtalermeddelelser til skibe.

Krydstogtskibet Seabourn Spirit benyttede under et somalisk piratangreb i Adenbugten den 5. november 2005 en LRAD.

I USA var den første registrerede brug af en LRAD under opløsningen af en ulovlig demonstation i forbindelse med G20-topmødet i Pittsburgh 2009.

Tekniske detaljer

En LRAD benytter frekvensområdet 2100-3100 Hertz med et maksimalt lydniveau på cirka 150 dB. På grund af det høje lydtryk kan systemets toner høres på en afstand på mindst en kilometer og stemmemeddelelser er forståelige på mindst 500 meters afstand. Når LRAD benyttes som et våben udsender det en skinger tone, som er yderst smertestimulerende på tæt hold. Systemet har en udstrålingsvinkel på 15-30 grader i en bestemt retning og kan ifølge producenten eksempelvis benyttes til effektivt at sprede menneskemængder.

Små kugleformede punktkilde akustiske enheder følger afstandskvadratloven som angiver et tab på 6 decibel per fordobling af afstanden til kilden udelukkende baseret på den geometriske spredning. Store højtalere (eller større antenner) såsom en LRAD har et interferensmønster i nærfeltet som producerer et peak 6 dB højere end udgangseffekten på systemet og daler til normalen hvor lydtrykket stort set er nul. Desto større højtaler og frekvens, desto længere er det effektive nærfelt. Nærfeltet for dette system er cirka 8 meter.

En anden anvendelse indenfor skibsfart er eksempelvis som et advarselssystem til offshoreinstallationer såsom eksempelvis boreplatforme eller vindmølleparker som er i kraftig udbredelse i danske og udlandske farvande.

Se også
 Active Denial System

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 heise.de: Sound-Laser, 22. september 2005
 spiegel.de:Piratenabwehr – Die wirkungslosen Hightech-Waffen der Reeder, 19. december 2008

Våben

Long Range Acoustic Device


Iraca puede hacer referencia a:

 Iraca, un nombre primitivo de las sabanas al sur de la ciénaga y Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, en Colombia.
 Iraca, Confederación indígena precolombina del altiplano cundiboyacense, en Colombia.
 Iraca, el nombre primitivo del valle de Sogamoso, en Colombia.
 Iraca, el nombre general de las hierbas en la primitiva lengua cueva.
 Iraca, nombre de una palma tropical americana, cuyas hojas se emplean en la fabricación de sombreros. También se denomina toquilla.

Iraca (desambiguación)


فيروس الإنفلونزا أ H7N7 هو أحد أنماط فيروس الإنفلونزا أ، وهو قادر على التسبب بالإنفلونزا لدى البشر والطيور والخنازير والخيول، كما تسبب بالعدوى لدى الفئران تحت دراسة مخبرية. وللفيروس قابلية للتسبب بجائحة وذلك لقدرته على إصابة عدد مختلف من الحيوانات بالعدوى. وهناك نوعان من الفيروس: شديد العدوى ومنخفض العدوى.

سبب الفيروس بإصابة 89 شخص بالإنفلونزا في هولندا بعد انتشار فاشية بين مزارع الدواجن، مسببة حالة وفاة واحدة بين المصابين. وقامت الحكومة الهولندية بأخذ عينات من 500 شخص وتحليلها لمستضدات الفيروس ووجد أن أكثر من نصف العينات كانت مصابة بالفيروس ولم تظهر لهم أعراض. ويدل هذا على قدرة الفيروس على الانتشار بين الناس وليس محدد بمن لهم انتصال مباشر بالدواجن. كما أن بعض الدراسات تشير إلى أن أكثر من 1000 شخص أصيب بالفيروس خلال الفاشية

كما وجد الفيروس في بعض الدواجن في هولندا في أغسطس من عام 2006. وكإجراء احترازي قامت السلطات بقتل 25,000 دجاجة.

و في يونيو 2008 تم عزل الفيروس H7N7 شديد العدوى في إنجلترا في مزارع إنتاج البيض. ويعتقد أن الفيروس نتج من تحور فيروس منخفض العدوى. وتميزت هذه الفاشية بمعدل وفيات مرتفع وانخفاض إنتاج البيض في الأسبوعين الذين سبقى موت الدجاج.

المراجع

أنماط فرعية من فيروس الإنفلونزا A
فيروسات

فيروس الإنفلونزا أ H7N7


Chłopcy z Placu Broni este o trupă de muzică rock poloneză formată în Cracovia, în martie 1987, de către Bogdan Łyszkiewicz, Wojciech Namaczyński, Waldemar Raźny, Jacek Królik și Jarosław Sokoła.

Componență

Componența trupei din 2015
Dariusz Litwińczuk – voce, chitară
Franz Dreadhunter – chitară bas
Wojciech Namaczyński – baterie
Piotr Czerwiński – chitară
Adam Drzewiecki – clape
Artur Malik – baterie
Jacek Królik – chitară

Componența trupei între anii 1987–2000
Bogdan Łyszkiewicz – voce, chitară, pian
Franz Dreadhunter – chitară bas
Wojciech Namaczyński – baterie
Waldemar Raźny – chitară bas
Jacek Królik – chitară
Jarosław Kisiński – chitară
Jacek Dyląg – chitară
Piotr Kruk – chitară
Mateusz Masior – baterie
Andrzej Bańka – chitară
Artur Malik – baterie
Marcin Chmielewski – harmonica
Olaf Pietrzak – cimpoi
Jarosław Miszczyk – clape
Robert Świątek – chitară bas

Discografie

Albume de studio

Legături externe
  Chłopcy z Placu Broni, Archiwum Polskiego Rocka (pol.)

Chłopcy z Placu Broni
Formații rock poloneze

Chłopcy z Placu Broni


بطولة مدريد المفتوحة للماسترز  وهي بطولة كرة مضرب سنوية تقام في العاصمة الأسبانية مدريد للاعبي كرة المضرب المحترفين من الرجال. هذه البطولة هي الثامنة في دورات الأساتذة أو بطولات الماسترز، وتلعب المباريات في ملعب مدريد أرينا المغلق والذي يسع لحوالي الـ 15.000 متفرج، وهو من فئة الملاعب الصلبة، وأما عن قيمة الجوائز المالية فتبلغ 2,450,000 $، الجدير بالذكر، أنه في نهائي سنة 2007 حدثت بعض المشاكل في الأنبوب المائي الذي يسقي الزرع الذي على جنبات الملعب، وتم على إثر ذلك إيقاف المباراة لما يزيد على العشرة دقائق، وهو الأمر الذي أحرج منظمي البطولة.

و قد تم تحويل البطولة لمدريد سنة 2002 بعد أن كانت في مدينة شتوتغارت الألمانية، وبطولة شتوتغارت كانت إحدى بطولات الأساتذة منذ سنة 1996. وكانت في سنة 1995 في مدينة أيسن الألمانية، وقبل ذلك في ستوكهولم السويدية منذ 1990 إلى 1994.

أرقام قياسية

فردي الرجال
 الأكثر حصولاً على الألقاب: 4
  بوريس بيكر (1990، 1991، 1994، 1996)
  رفائيل نادال (2005، 2010، 2013، 2014)
 الأكثر وصولاً للنهائي: 6
  رفائيل نادال (2005، 2009، 2010، 2011، 2013، 2014)
 الأكثر حصولاً على الألقاب على التوالي: 2
  بوريس بيكر (1990-91)
  رفائيل نادال (2013-14)

زوجي الرجال
 الأكثر حصولاً على الألقاب: 5
  بوب براين  مايك براين (2006، 2007، 2010، 2011، 2013)
  دانييل نيستور (2002، 2004، 2005، 2009، 2014)
 الأكثر حصولاً على الألقاب على التوالي: 3
  تود وودبريدج  مارك وودفورد (1992-94)

فردي السيدات
 الأكثر حصولاً على الألقاب: 2
  سيرينا ويليامز (2012، 2013)
 الأكثر وصولاً للنهائي: 2
  فيكتوريا أزارينكا (2011, 2012)
  سيرينا ويليامز (2012، 2013)
  ماريا شارابوفا (2013، 2014)

زوجي السيدات
 الأكثر حصولاً على الألقاب: 2
  ساره إيراني  روبيرتا فينسي (2012, 2014)

نتائج البطولات

فردي الرجال

زوجي الرجال

فردي السيدات

زوجي السيدات

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي للبطولة
 معلومات عن البطولة

أحداث رياضية دورية أسست في 1990
بطولات كرة المضرب على الأرضية الصلبة
بطولات كرة مضرب في إسبانيا
بطولات كرة مضرب في مدريد
بطولات كرة مضرب في ملاعب داخلية
تأسيسات سنة 1990 في إسبانيا
دورات الماسترز
دورات الماسترز 1000 نقطة
رابطة محترفات كرة المضرب
أحداث كرة مضرب ألغيت بسبب جائحة فيروس كورونا

مدريد للماسترز


O furacão Carrabelle de 1899 causou danos significativos na República Dominicana e no Panhandle da Flórida. O segundo ciclone tropical e segundo furacão da temporada de furacões no Atlântico de 1899, a tempestade foi observada pela primeira vez ao sul da República Dominicana em 28 de julho de 1899. Pouco tempo depois, atingiu a província de Azua, República Dominicana com uma intensidade equivalente a uma furacão de categoria 1 na atual escala de ventos de furacões Saffir-Simpson. No início de 29 de julho, o sistema enfraqueceu para uma tempestade tropical, pouco antes de emergir no Oceano Atlântico. Em seguida, moveu-se para oeste-noroeste e permaneceu na mesma intensidade pelas próximos 24 horas. A tempestade atingiu a costa perto de Islamorada, Flórida, em 30 de julho. Em seguida, roçou o sudoeste da Flórida antes de emergir no Golfo do México. A tempestade começou a se intensificar novamente em 31 de julho e se tornou um furacão mais tarde naquele dia. No início de 1 de agosto, atingiu o pico com ventos de , várias horas antes de atingir a costa perto de Apalachicola, Flórida, com a mesma intensidade. A tempestade enfraqueceu rapidamente para o interior e se dissipou sobre o Alabama em 2 de agosto.

Na República Dominicana, três grandes escunas naufragaram em São Domingos; apenas um membro da tripulação dos três navios sobreviveu. Danos "grandes" foram relatados ao longo das seções costeiras do país, enquanto a perda do serviço telegráfico afetou a maioria das áreas do interior. Na Flórida, os danos na cidade de Carrabelle foram extensos, onde restavam apenas nove casas. As perdas na cidade atingiram aproximadamente $ 100.000 (1899 USD). Pelo menos 57 navios de transporte foram destruídos; os danos desses navios totalizaram coletivamente cerca de $ 375.000. Além disso, 13 navios de madeira foram encalhados. Muitos barcos no porto e no cais de Lanark naufragaram; grande parte das lojas e pavilhões da cidade foram danificados. As cidades de Curtis Mill e McIntyre foram completamente destruídas, enquanto a cidade turística de São Teresa sofreu danos significativos. Ao todo, sete mortes foram confirmadas na Flórida e as perdas no estado chegaram a pelo menos US$ 1 milhão.

História meteorológica

Um "furacão violento" foi observado pela primeira vez perto da costa sul de Hispaniola às 1200 UTC em 27 de julho. Nas seis horas seguintes, a tempestade atingiu a província de Azua, na República Dominicana, com ventos de  – equivalente a um furacão de categoria 1 na escala de vento do furacão Saffir-Simpson dos dias modernos. No início de 28 de julho, enfraqueceu para uma tempestade tropical enquanto se movia para noroeste ao longo do norte do Haiti. Algumas horas depois, a tempestade emergiu no Atlântico perto Porto-da-Paz. O sistema manteve a intensidade por mais de 24 horas enquanto se movia para noroeste e paralelamente à costa norte de Cuba. À 1000 UTC em 30 de julho, a tempestade atingiu a costa em Islamorada, Flórida, em Upper Matecumbe Key, com ventos de . Ele enfraqueceu ligeiramente e então se moveu para o mar ou atingiu a parte continental do Condado de Monroe, Flórida. no início de 31 de julho, a tempestade começou a se fortalecer novamente ao entrar no Golfo do México oriental.

HURDAT – o banco de dados de furacões do Atlântico Norte – indicou que o sistema se intensificou em um furacão às 1200 UTC em 31 de julho. Aprofundamento adicional ocorreu, com a tempestade se tornando um furacão de categoria 2 no início de 1 de agosto. Mais tarde naquele dia, o furacão atingiu a costa entre Carrabelle e Eastpoint, Flórida, com ventos de . Relatórios em terra firme indicam que a tempestade era pequena, abrangendo um diâmetro de apenas . às 18:00 UTC em 1 de agosto – cerca de uma hora depois de se mover para o interior – uma estação meteorológica mediu a pressão barométrica mínima da tempestade de . No início de 2 de agosto, enfraqueceu para uma tempestade tropical e depois para uma depressão tropical várias horas depois. Pouco depois, ele se dissipou no sul do Alabama.

Impacto

Notícias indicam que um furacão "violento" atingiu a República Dominicana em 28 de julho. Três grandes escunas naufragaram em Santo Domingo; apenas um membro da tripulação dos três navios sobreviveu. Danos "grandes" foram relatados ao longo das seções costeiras do país, enquanto a perda do serviço telegráfico afetou a maior parte das áreas do interior.

Devido às condições meteorológicas "algo ameaçadoras" em 30 e 31 de julho, avisos foram emitidos para estações em toda a Flórida, alertando sobre o potencial de ventos fortes. Como resultado, 40 navios, escunas costeiras e esponjas permaneceram no porto de Cedar Key. De acordo com o expositor em Cedar Key, "eles [os navios e marinheiros] teriam navegado e alguns teriam se perdido" se não tivessem recebido avisos.

Na época da tempestade, foi descrito como "o ciclone mais desastroso que já visitou esta seção da Flórida". Perdas da tempestade na Flórida atingiram pelo menos US$ 1 milhão. A cidade de Carrabelle foi devastada, pois restavam apenas nove casas na cidade. Segundo o prefeito, cerca de 200 famílias ficaram desabrigadas. O New York Times afirmou que "Carrabelle foi literalmente apagado do mapa." As perdas na cidade chegaram a aproximadamente $ 100.000. Uma fatalidade ocorreu em Carrabelle quando uma casa desabou sobre uma mulher; Muitas outras pessoas na área sofreram ferimentos. Pelo menos 57 navios de transporte foram destruídos, incluindo 14 barcas, 40 pequenos barcos, e 3 barcos piloto. As perdas para esses navios totalizaram coletivamente cerca de $ 375.000. Em Chattahoochee, então conhecido como River Junction, uma reunião em massa de cidadãos foi realizada em 4 de agosto para arrecadar dinheiro para as vítimas da tempestade em Carrabelle.

Além disso, 13 navios de madeira foram encalhados. Uma seção de 48 km parte da da Ferrovia de Carrabelle, Tallahassee e Georgia foi arrastada. Um trem de passageiros capotou com o vento mais de 100 metros da pista, ferindo muitos passageiros. Muitos barcos no porto e no cais de Lanark naufragaram. O resort de verão local de Lanark Inn foi lançado no Golfo do México. Grande parte das lojas e pavilhões da cidade foram danificados. Em McIntyre, praticamente toda a cidade foi destruída, exceto por apenas duas caldeiras de moinho. A cidade de Curtis Mill foi completamente destruída. Além disso, a cidade turística de São Teresa sofreu danos significativos. Um total de quinze navios foram destruídos ou encalhados na Ilha Dog, incluindo o Benjamin C. Cromwell e o James A. Garfield. Pelo menos 15 pessoas foram dadas como desaparecidas. Seis mortes por afogamento foram confirmadas em associação com esta tempestade.

Ver também

 Furacão David
 Furacão Erin (1995)
 Furacão Isaac (2012)

Notas

Referências

Ligações externas

 Livros de Jose' Fernandez Partagas
 Revisão Mensal do Clima

Temporada de furacões no oceano Atlântico de 1899
Furacões no oceano Atlântico de categoria 2
Furacões na Flórida
Desastres naturais em 1899

Furacão Carrabelle de 1899


A dockworker (also called a longshoreman, stevedore, or docker) is a waterfront manual laborer who is involved in loading and unloading ships.

After the shipping container revolution of the 1960s, the number of dockworkers required declined by over 90%.

Etymology
The word stevedore () originated in Portugal or Spain, and entered the English language through its use by sailors. It started as a phonetic spelling of estivador (Portuguese) or estibador (Spanish), meaning a man who loads ships and stows cargo, which was the original meaning of stevedore (though there is a secondary meaning of "a man who stuffs" in Spanish); compare Latin stīpāre meaning to stuff, as in to fill with stuffing. In Ancient and modern Greek, the verb στοιβάζω (stevazo) means pile up. In the United Kingdom, people who load and unload ships are usually called dockers; in Australia, they are called stevedores, dockworkers or wharfies; and, in the United States and Canada, the term longshoreman, derived from man-along-the-shore, is used. Before the extensive use of container ships and shore-based handling machinery in the United States, longshoremen referred exclusively to the dockworkers, while stevedores, in a separate trade union, worked on the ships, operating ship's cranes and moving cargo. In Canada, the term stevedore has also been used, for example, in the name of the Western Stevedoring Company, Ltd., based in Vancouver, British Columbia, in the 1950s.

Loading and unloading ships

Loading and unloading ships requires knowledge of the operation of loading equipment, the proper techniques for lifting and stowing cargo, and correct handling of hazardous materials. In addition, workers must be physically strong and able to follow orders attentively. To unload a ship successfully, many longshoremen are needed. There is only a limited amount of time that a ship can be at a port, so their work must be completed quickly.

In earlier days before the introduction of containerization, men who loaded and unloaded ships had to tie down cargoes with rope. A type of stopper knot is called the stevedore knot. The method of securely tying up parcels of goods is called stevedore lashing or stevedore knotting. While loading a general cargo vessel, they use dunnage, which are pieces of wood (or nowadays sometimes strong inflatable dunnage bags) set down to keep the cargo out of any water that might be lying in the hold or are placed as shims between cargo crates for load securing.

Today, the vast majority of non-bulk cargo is transported in intermodal containers. The containers arrive at a port by truck, rail, or another ship and are stacked in the port's storage area. When the ship that will be transporting them arrives, the containers that it is offloading are unloaded by a crane. The containers either leave the port by truck or rail or are put in the storage area until they are put on another ship. Once the ship is offloaded, the containers it is leaving with are brought to the dock by truck. A crane lifts the containers from the trucks onto the ship. As the containers pile up on the ship, the workers connect them to the ship and to the other already-placed containers. The jobs involved include the crane operators, the workers who connect the containers to the ship and each other, the truck drivers that transport the containers from the dock and storage area, the workers who track the containers in the storage area as they are loaded and unloaded, as well as various supervisors. Those workers at the port who handle and move the containers are likely to be considered stevedores or longshoremen.

Before containerization, freight was often handled with a longshoreman's hook, a tool which became emblematic of the profession (mostly on the west coast of the United States and Canada).

Traditionally, stevedores had no fixed job, but would arrive at the docks in the morning seeking employment for the day. London dockers called this practice standing on the stones, while in the United States it was referred to as shaping up or assembling for the shape-up, or "catching the breaks". In Britain, due to changes in employment laws, such jobs have either become permanent or have been converted to temporary jobs.

Dock workers have been a prominent part of the modern labor movement.

By country

Australia

In Australia, the informal term "wharfie" (from wharf laborer) and the formal "waterside worker" include the variety of occupations covered in other countries by words like longshoreman or stevedore. The term "stevedore" is also sometimes used, as in the company name Patrick Stevedores. The term "docker" is also used, as in the Federated Ship Painters and Dockers Union; and is the mascot of the Fremantle Dockers in the Australian Football League.

The Maritime Union of Australia has coverage of these workers and fought a substantial industrial battle in the 1998 Australian waterfront dispute to prevent the contracting out of work to non-union workers.

In 1943, dockworkers in Melbourne and Sydney were deliberately exposed to mustard gas while unloading the ship Idomeneus. Many suffered death and permanent disability—all as a result of military secrecy.

Japan
Several dockworkers' unions exist in Japan. Agreements between two bodies, the National Federation of Dockworkers Unions of Japan and the Japan Harbor Transportation Association, govern the working conditions for dockworkers. In 1982, Japanese dockworkers refused to work with fruit treated with ethylene dibromide (EDB).

New Zealand
New Zealand usage is very similar to the Australian version; "waterside workers" are also known as "wharfies." The 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, involving New Zealand dockworkers, was the largest and most bitter industrial dispute in the country's history.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the definition of a stevedore varies from port to port. In some ports, only the highly skilled master of a loading gang is referred to as a "stevedore". "Docker" is the usual general term used in the UK for a worker who loads or unloads ships and performs various other jobs required at a seaport.

In some ports, a stevedore is a person who decides where cargo is stowed on a ship, for safe stowage and even balance of a ship. It is not a hands-on role.

It was once known to refer those working on a ship—loading or unloading the cargo—as stevedores, while those working on the quayside were called dockers.

In the ports along the Thames, stevedores load, whilst dockers unload (according to Michael Budge, ex docker, Tilbury and Dave Penn, ex docker, Tilbury, 1978–2018).

United States

In present-day American waterfront usage, a longshoreman is usually a person or a company who manages the operation of loading or unloading a ship. In the early 19th century, the word was usually applied to black laborers or slaves who loaded and unloaded bales of cotton and other freight on and off riverboats. In Two Years Before the Mast (1840), the author Richard Henry Dana Jr. describes the steeving of a merchant sailing ship in 1834. This was the process of taking a mostly-full hold and cramming in more material. In this case, the hold was filled with hides from the California hide trade up to four feet below the deckhead (equivalent of 'ceiling'). "Books" composed of 25–50 cattle skins folded into a bundle were prepared, and a small opening created in the middle of one of the existing stacks. Then the book was shoved in by use of a pair of thick strong pieces of wood called steeves. The steeves had one end shaped as a wedge which was placed into the middle of a book to shove it into the stack. The other ends were pushed on through block and tackle attached to the hull and overhead beams and hauled on by sailors.

Typically one ethnic group dominated the longshoreman market in a port, usually the Irish Catholics, as seen in the 1954 film about New York On the Waterfront.  In New Orleans there was competition between the Irish and the blacks.

In the Port of Baltimore, Polish Americans dominated.  In the 1930s, about 80% of Baltimore's longshoremen were Polish or of Polish descent. The port of Baltimore had an international reputation of fast cargo handling credited to the well-organized gang system that was nearly free of corruption, wildcat strikes, and repeated work stoppages of its other East coast counterparts. The New York Anti-Crime Commission and the Waterfront Commission looked upon the Baltimore system as the ideal one for all ports. The hiring of longshoremen in Baltimore by the gang system dates back to 1913 when the ILA was first formed. The Polish longshoremen began setting up the system by selecting the most skilled men to lead them. This newly formed gang would usually work for the same company, which would give priority to the gang. During the times where there was no work within the particular company, the gang would work elsewhere, or even divide to aid other groups in their work, which would speed up the work and make it more efficient. In an environment as dangerous as a busy waterfront, Baltimore's gangs always operated together as a unit, because the experience let them know what each member would be doing at any given time, making a waterfront a much safer place. At the beginning of the Second World War, Polish predominance in the Port of Baltimore significantly diminished, as many Poles were drafted.

It is common to use the terms "stevedore" and "longshoreman" interchangeably. The U.S. Congress has done so in the Ship Mortgage Act, 46 app. U.S.C. section 31301(5)(C) which designates both "crew wages" and "stevedore wages" as preferred maritime liens. The statute intended to give the wages of the seamen and longshoremen the same level of protection. Sometimes the word "stevedore" is used to mean "the man who loads and unloads a ship" as the British "docker".

Today, a stevedore typically owns the equipment used in the loading or discharge operation and hires longshoremen who load and unload cargo under the direction of a stevedore superintendent. This type of work along the East Coast waterfront was characteristic of ports like New York, Boston, and Philadelphia.

Today, a commercial stevedoring company also may contract with a terminal owner to manage all terminal operations. Many large container ship operators have established in-house stevedoring operations to handle cargo at their own terminals and to provide stevedoring services to other container carriers.

One union within the AFL–CIO represent longshoremen: the International Longshoremen's Association, which represents longshoremen on the East Coast, on the Great Lakes and connected waterways and along the Gulf of Mexico. The International Longshore and Warehouse Union, which represents longshoremen along the West Coast, Hawaii and Alaska, was formerly affiliated with the AFL–CIO but disaffiliated in 2013.

Famous former dockworkers

Former stevedores and longshoremen include:
 Crispus Attucks – American Patriot
 Frithjof Bergmann – philosopher
 Jaguaré Bezerra de Vasconcelos – Brazilian football goalkeeper
 Mestre Bimba – founder of the Regional style of Capoeira
 Ronald Bird – English cricketer
 Jerry Colonna – Movie actor/comedian
 Terry Bollea – Better known as professional wrestler Hulk Hogan
 Murray Bookchin – American libertarian socialist, founder of social ecology
 Harry Bridges – founder of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU)
 James Braddock – heavyweight boxing champion from 1935 to 1937
 Joey Coyle – basis for the movie Money for Nothing
 Jack Dash – British dock workers trade union leader
 Francois Faber – road racing cyclist, Tour de France winner
 Chief Dan George – Native American actor
 Danny Greene – American mobster
 Eric Hoffer – author and philosopher
 James J. Hill – railroad industrialist and financier
 Brian Jacques – author of the Redwall book series
 Vladimir Kokkinaki –  the most famous test pilot in the Soviet Union
 Mauno Koivisto – President of Finland from 1982 to 1994
 Artie Lange – comedian/radio personality, The Howard Stern Show
 Tom Mann – British trade unionist and organizer of the London Dock Strike of 1889
 Charles Manson – convicted murderer, worked as a longshoreman from 1954 to 1956.
 Peter MacKay – Canadian former government minister and conservative party leader (a stevedore for two summers while a teenager)
 Frank McCourt – Irish-American author
 Daniel Patrick Moynihan – sociologist, ambassador to the United Nations and to India, U.S. Senator from New York
 Don Muraco – former professional wrestler, most famous as "Magnificent Muraco"
 Michael "Ozzie" Myers – U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
 Bruce Nelson – labor historian, author of Workers on the Waterfront
 Bartolomeo Pagano – Italian actor
 Charles Plymell – poet
 Benito Quinquela Martín – painter from Buenos Aires, Argentina. His works reflect the work at the docks in La Boca, a portuary district of Buenos Aires.
 Joe Rollino – boxer and strongman
 Glenn Theodore Seaborg – 1951 Nobel Prize winner, member of The Manhattan Project
 Hubert Selby Jr. – Writer, Last Exit To Brooklyn
 Mark E. Smith – singer/songwriter of the British band The Fall
 Stan Weir – blue-collar intellectual and sociologist, founder of Singlejack Press
 Isaac Woodard – African-American victim of a notorious racist attack
 J. S. Woodsworth – a founder of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, the forerunner of the New Democratic Party of Canada
 Howard Zinn – historian, playwright, and activist

In popular culture
 Poet Ella Wheeler Wilcox recited her poem "The Stevedores" (which includes the lyric: "Here's to the Army stevedores, lusty and virile and strong ... ") while visiting a camp of 9,000 stevedores in France during World War I.
In 1949, reporter Malcolm Johnson was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for a 24-part investigative series titled Crime on the Waterfront, published in the New York Sun.
The material from Malcolm Johnson's investigative series was fictionalized and used as a basis for the influential film On the Waterfront (1954), starring Marlon Brando as a longshoreman, and the working conditions on the docks figure significantly in the film's plot.  On the Waterfront was a critical and commercial success that received twelve Academy Award nominations, and won eight including Best Picture, Best Actor for Brando, Best Supporting Actress for Eva Marie Saint, and Best Director for Elia Kazan. The American Film Institute ranked it the 8th-greatest American movie of all time in 1997 and 19th in 2007.
Playwright Arthur Miller was involved in the early stages of the development of On the Waterfront; his play A View from the Bridge (1955) also deals with the troubled life of a longshoreman.
In season 2 of the HBO series The Wire, which first aired in 2003, the Stevedore Union and its members working in Baltimore, particularly Frank Sobotka, figure prominently in the second season's story.
 The American film Kill the Irishman (2011) features Ray Stevenson as Danny Greene, head of the Longshoreman's Union.
 The tenth book of the webcomic Schlock Mercenary, titled The Longshoreman of the Apocalypse, features a robotic dockworker as a central character.

See also

1913 Sligo Dock strike
Admiralty law
Battle of Ballantyne Pier (Canada)
Dockers Union (disambiguation)
Dunnage
Federated Ship Painters and Dockers Union
History of Squamish and Tsleil-Waututh longshoremen, 1863–1963
International Longshore and Warehouse Union (United States)
Liverpool dockers' strike (1995–98) (UK)
Mersey Docks and Harbour Company
Mudlark
National Union of Dock Labourers
Scottish Union of Dock Labourers
Teamster
Weeks Marine

References

Further reading

 Callebert, Ralph (2017). On Durban's Docks: Zulu Workers, Rural Households, Global Labor. University of Rochester Press.

External links

 "The Irish on the Docks of Portland" by Michael Connolly

Marine occupations
Spanish words and phrases
Polish-American culture in Baltimore
Portuguese words and phrases

Dockworker


Mebrure Gönenç (1900, İstanbul – 6 Aralık 1981, Ankara). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk kadın milletvekillerinden.

Amerikan Koleji'nden mezun oldu. 1935 yılında yapılan seçimlerde Afyonkarahisar'dan meclise girdi. Öğretmen ve iki çocuk annesiydi. Fransızca ve İngilizce bilmekteydi.

Kaynakça

1900 doğumlular
1981 yılında ölenler
TBMM 5. dönem Afyonkarahisar milletvekilleri
TBMM 6. dönem Afyonkarahisar milletvekilleri
TBMM 7. dönem Afyonkarahisar milletvekilleri
Türk öğretmenler
İstanbul doğumlu siyasetçiler
Türk kadın milletvekilleri

Mebrure Gönenç


Alibey, aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

Yerleşim yerleri
 Alibey, Adıyaman - Adıyaman ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Alibey, Kızılcahamam - Ankara ili Kızılcahamam ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Alibey, Susurluk - Balıkesir ili Susurluk ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Alibey, İnegöl - Bursa ili İnegöl ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Alibey, Ilgaz - Çankırı ili Ilgaz ilçesine bağlı köy
 Alibey, Osmancık - Çorum ili Osmancık ilçesine bağlı köy
 Alibey, Bismil - Diyarbakır ili Bismil ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Alibey, Silvan - Diyarbakır ili Silvan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Alibey, Meriç - Edirne ili Meriç ilçesine bağlı köy
 Alibey, Bulancak - Giresun ili Bulancak ilçesine bağlı köy
 Alibey, Altıntaş - Kütahya ili Altıntaş ilçesine bağlı köy
 Alibey, Derik - Mardin ili Derik ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Diğer
 Alibey Adası - Balıkesir ili Ayvalık ilçesinde ada
 Alibey Barajı - İstanbul'da Alibey Deresi üzerinde inşa edilmiş baraj

Alibey


خوان مانويل أورتيز  (مواليد 1 مارس 1982 في غواردما ديل سيجورا - إسبانيا) لاعب كرة قدم إسباني يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى ألمرية الإسباني منذ 2007 في مركز المهاجم .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسكتلندا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في قبرص
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون إسبان مغتربون في إسكتلندا
رياضيون إسبان مغتربون في قبرص
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
لاعبو الدوري الإسكتلندي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري القبرصي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو أتلتيكو مدريد
لاعبو أتلتيكو مدريد ب
لاعبو أوساسونا
لاعبو بوليديبورتيفو إيخيدو
لاعبو رينجرز
لاعبو فالينسيانا
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسكتلندا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في قبرص
لاعبو كرة قدم من مقاطعة أليكانتي
لاعبو مراكز متعددة كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبو نادي ألميريا
لاعبو نادي أيك لارنك
لاعبو نادي إيركوليس
لاعبو نادي غرناطة
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1982
مواليد في غواردما ديل سيجورا

خوان مانويل أورتيز


Shikarpur (en bengalí:  ) es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de Jalpaiguri, estado de Bengala Occidental.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 15  a 98 km de la capital estatal, Calcuta, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 22 520 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bengala Occidental

Shikarpur (Jalpaiguri)


Die Ceraphronidae sind eine Familie der Hautflügler mit weltweiter Verbreitung. Es sind gut 300 Arten bekannt, die sich auf 15 Gattungen verteilen.

Merkmale
Es handelt sich um kleine Tiere von weniger als einem bis maximal etwa fünf Millimeter Körperlänge. Sie sind meist schwarz gefärbt, es kommen aber auch braune, orangebraune und gelbliche Färbungen vor (oft am Hinterleib). Die Antennen besitzen ein stark verlängertes Basalglied, die übrige Antenne sitzt daran mit einem deutlichen Winkel an ("gekniete" Antennen). Die Geißel ist meist recht kurz und oft zur Spitze etwas keulig verdickt, sie kann aber auch lang und fadenförmig sein. Die Zahl der Segmente kann sich je nach Gattung unterscheiden, wobei die Männchen immer ein Segment mehr besitzen als die Weibchen. Häufig sind es zehn bzw. elf Segmente. Die Antennen sitzen etwas oberhalb des Clypeus etwa in Höhe der Augenunterrands, also relativ tief, an. Größte Mundwerkzeuge sind die zweispitzigen Mandibeln.

Die Tiere können geflügelt, kurzflügelig (brachypter) oder flügellos sein. Oft ist die Flügelausbildung innerhalb einer Art variabel, wobei häufiger die Weibchen flügellos sind. Die Flügel sind immer klar mit einem schmalen Flügelmal (Pterostigma) im Vorderflügel, sie sind dicht mit kleinen Härchen (Mikrotricha) besetzt. Die Flügeladerung ist stark reduziert. Im Vorderflügel ist nur eine Ader erkennbar (als Costa oder verschmolzene Costa/Subcosta oder als verschmolzene Costa und Radius interpretiert), die als Randader bis zum Flügelmal verläuft, aber von diesem durch eine kleine Unterbrechung getrennt ist. In der Regel sitzt daran zur Spitze hin eine kleine, hakenförmige Verlängerung an (entweder als Radius oder als Querader R-RS interpretiert). Das Flügelmal ist schmal und unauffällig. Der kleine Hinterflügel weist in der Regel überhaupt keine Aderung auf.

Kennzeichnend für die Familie ist die Zahl der Sporne (starke, dornförmige Spitzen) an den Tibien (Schienen). Dabei sitzen an den Vordertibien zwei, an den Mitteltibien ein und an den Hintertibien wieder zwei Sporne. Die Arten der Überfamilie Ceraphronoidea sind die einzigen Taillenwespenarten mit zwei Spornen an den Vordertibien. Die Sporne sind kammförmig eingeschnitten (pektinat). Am Rumpf fällt außerdem das stark verkürzte Pronotum auf. Am mittleren Segment (Mesonotum) sitzen, im Gegensatz zur verwandten Familie Megaspilidae, keine auffallenden, paarigen Kiellinien (als Notaulices oder Parapsiden bezeichnet) (Ausnahme: Ceraphron abnormis). Am Hinterleib sitzt als auffallende Sonderbildung ein Drüsenfeld unbekannter Funktion an der Oberseite verschiedener Hinterleibssegmente (in der Regel am Tergit 6), das als "Waterstons Organ" bezeichnet wird. Der Hinterleib ist in der Regel relativ kurz und an den Seiten gerundet, das erste freie Segment ist das längste. Der Legebohrer der Weibchen ist meist von mäßiger Länge und in Ruhestellung im Hinterleib verborgen.

Lebensweise
Alle Ceraphronidae sind als Larven Parasitoide anderer Insektenarten. Sehr viele Arten sind dabei obligate Parasitoide anderer Hautflügler, die selbst Parasitoide sind, das heißt, sie sind Hyperparasitoide. Befallen werden immer Arten in Hüllen oder Umhüllungen, die aber nicht sehr massiv sein dürfen. Die Larve der Ceraphronidae lebt frei auf ihrem Wirt (Ektoparasitoid), der in der Regel erst im letzten Larvenstadium oder beim Verpuppen mit einem Ei belegt wird. Gut untersucht und auch ökonomisch von Bedeutung ist die Gattung Aphanogmus. Sie parasitiert an Schlupfwespenlarven der Gattung Aphidius (Familie Brackwespen, Unterfamilie Aphidiinae), die selbst wiederum in Blattläusen parasitieren. Die Aphidius-Larve frisst im letzten Stadium die Blattlaus vollkommen aus, deren Exoskelett als leere Hülle ("Blattlausmumie") den verpuppenden Parasitoiden umgibt. In diesem Stadium legt das Aphanogmus-Weibchen sein Ei durch die Blattlausmumie hindurch auf den Parasitoiden. Dabei werden gegebenenfalls auch bereits von einem Hyperparasiten belegte Tiere belegt, so dass die Tiere dann Hyperparasiten zweiter Ordnung sind, dies ist aber nicht die Regel. Die Aphanogmus-Larve durchläuft drei Larvenstadien und verpuppt sich in der Blattlausmumie neben den Überresten ihres Wirts. Da die Ceraphronide einen Parasitoiden parasitiert, der wiederum eine Blattlaus befällt, die möglicherweise als Schädling ökonomisch bedeutsam ist, vermindert sie wie alle Hyperparasiten die Wirksamkeit der biologischen Schädlingsbekämpfung.

Andere Ceraphronidenarten sind primäre Parasitoide. So treten einige Arten (darunter auch andere Vertreter von Aphanogmus) als Parasitoide von Gallmücken (Cecidomyiidae) auf, die sie innerhalb ihrer Gallen mit einem Ei belegen.

Systematik
Die Ceraphronidae sind eine der beiden Familien der Überfamilie Ceraphronoidea. Ihr Schwestergruppen-Verhältnis mit der zweiten Familie Megaspilidae gilt als gut abgesichert. Die Ceraphronoidea werden traditionell in eine große und schlecht definierte Verwandtschaftsgruppe der Hautflügler eingeordnet, die als Proctotrupomorpha bezeichnet wird. Diese kleinen, untereinander oft sehr ähnlichen Tiere sind schlecht erforscht; man nimmt an, dass mehr als neun Zehntel der tatsächlich existierenden Arten noch unbeschrieben sind. Sie werden oft informell als "Mikrohymenopteren" zusammengefasst. Neben der Platzierung in den Proctotrupomorpha, möglicherweise als Schwestergruppe der Platygastoidea, wird auch eine Stellung innerhalb der Evaniomorpha (Hungerwespenartige) erwogen.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Lubomir Masner (1993): Superfamily Ceraphronoidea. In: H. Goulet & J. T. Huber (eds): Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Publication (Ottawa): S. 566–567. ISBN 9993997331
 G. R. Broad, L. Livermore: Checklist of british and irish hymenoptera - ceraphronoidea. In: Biodiversity data journal. Nummer 2, 2014, S. e1167, , PMID 25197240, .

Weblinks

Taillenwespen
Apocrita

Ceraphronidae


Lando Calrissian Yıldız Savaşları kurgu evreninde hayali karakter. Kronolojik sıraya göre 5. (İmparator) ve 6.(Jedi'ın Dönüşü)  9.(Skywalkerın dönüşü)bölümlerde yer alır. Lando karakterini canlandıran Billy Dee Williams'dır
Lando Calrissian Han Solo'nun bir arkadaşıdır. Bespin öncesi kaçakçılık yapan eski bir kumarbazdır. Millenium Falcon un Han Solo'dan önceki sahibidir. daha sonraları Bespin gezegeninde Bulut Şehri'nin ve Tibanna gazı işletmesinin yöneticisi olmuştur. Arkadaşı Solo'yu İmparator'a satmak zorunda kalmıştır. Ödül avcısı Boba Fett, Han Solo'yu karbon dondurucuyla dondurur ve Jabba the Hutt'a teslim eder. Lando onu Jabba the Hutt'un evinden kurtarmak için Luke Chewbacca ve prenses Leia ile birlikte kurtarmaya gitmiştir. Cumhuriyet direniş ordusuna General rütbesiyle katılmıştır.

Yıldız Savaşları karakterleri
Kurgusal iş insanları
Erkek film karakterleri
Dünya dışı süper kahramanlar

Lando Calrissian


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Sebechleby enthält die 97 nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Sebechleby im Okres Krupina.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

!
Sebechleby


{{Infobox musical artist
| name                = Twin Atlantic
| image               = Sam McTrusty Twin Atlantic 2012 Viper Room.jpg
| caption             = Sam McTrusty (cantante, guitarra) en The Viper Room', 2012
| background          = group_or_band
| origin              = Glasgow, Escocia
| instrument          =
| genre               = Rock Alternativo, Pop punk, Rock progresivo, Power pop
| occupation          =
| years_active        = 2007 – presente
| label               = Red Bull Records
| associated_acts     =
| website                 = free.twinatlantic.com
| current_members     = Sam McTrustyBarry McKennaRoss McNaeCraig Kneale
}}

Twin Atlantic es una banda de rock alternativo de Glasgow, Escocia. Está formada por Sam McTrusty (cantante, guitarra), Barry McKenna (guitarra, voz, violonchelo, piano), Ross McNae (bajo, piano, voz) y Craig Kneale (batería, voz).

 Historia

 Formación, A Guidance From Colour (2007 - 2008)
Twin Atlantic se creó en febrero de 2007. Todos los miembros habían tocado anteriormente en otras bandas locales más pequeñas. En 2007, consiguieron una gran reputación, tanto local como nacionalmente. Tocaron como teloneros de Circa Survive y mewithoutyou antes de grabar su EP debut, A Guidance From Colour, que lo hicieron en el estudio Long Wave en Cardiff, con el productor Romesh Dodangoda (Funeral For A Friend, Kids In Glass Houses, The Blackout). Lo sacaron el 14 de enero de 2008, y el primer sencillo fue Audience & Audio, que salió el 24 de diciembre de 2007.

Consiguieron mucho apoyo de Kerrang!, lo que les permitió ser teloneros de grandes bandas como Biffy Clyro, y fueron escogidos personalmente por Jimmy Chamberlin para telonear a Smashing Pumpkins en el SECC de Glasgow a principios de febrero de 2008. En los meses siguientes, también fueron teloneros de grupos americanos como The Matches, Blink-182, Finch y Say Anything en sus respectivas giras por Reino Unido.

A mediados de 2008, Twin Atlantic actuaron en muchos festivales en Escocia, incluyendo T in the Park, Belladrum Festival, RockNess, Live at Loch Lomond y Connect Music Festival.

La banda firmó un contrato con King Tut's Recordings, lo que permitió que What Is Light, Where Is Laughter? se lanzara el 29 de septiembre de 2008. También hicieron una gira conjunta con The Xcerts por Escocia, y su primera gira en solitario por Reino Unido.

El cuarteto de Glasgow también fueron teloneros principales de The Subways durante su gira europea en octubre y noviembre de 2008.

La banda terminó el año 2008 con una gira por Reino Unido, que concluyó con un concierto con las entradas agotadas en el Classic Grand de Glasgow el 6 de diciembre de 2008.

 Vivarium (2009 - 2010)
En marzo de 2009, Twin Atlantic se juntaron con el productor Gil Norton, que trabajaba para Red Bull Records, y con el que grabaron su mini-álbum debut, Vivarium. Lanzaron el sencillo Lightspeed el 29 de julio de 2009, y se podía descargar gratuitamente desde su página web, junto a una versión acústica de dicha canción. El siguiente sencillo fue You're Turning Into John Wayne, que salió el 7 de septiembre de 2009, una semana antes que el mini-álbum.

El 7 de marzo de 2009, dieron un concierto en Queen Margaret Union (QMU), Glasgow, del que se agotaron las entradas.

La banda estuvo de gira durante 2009 y 2010. Actuaron en festivales como Download Festival, Guilfest, T in the Park, Sonisphere y Belladrum Festival durante el verano de 2009, y también fueron teloneros de Taking Back Sunday durante su gira por Reino Unido e Irlanda en julio de 2009. A esto le siguió una gira completa por Reino Unido en septiembre de 2009 y luego una gira por Estados Unidos con The Fall of Troy and Envy On The Coast en marzo y abril de 2010. En junio de 2010, Twin Atlantic fueron teloneros de The Gaslight Anthem en su mini-gira por Reino Unido y el 7 de agosto de 2010 actuaron en el Hevy Music Festival.

Twin Atlantic actuó en el festival Belsonic de Belfast, del que se agotaron las entradas, el 28 de agosto de 2010, como teloneros de Biffy Clyro.

El 21 de octubre de 2010, la banda anunció, por medio de su página en Facebook, que serían teloneros de My Chemical Romance durante sus próximos conciertos en Reino Unido.

 Free (2010 - presente)
Twin Atlantic terminaron de grabar su nuevo disco, Free, y salió a la venta el 29 de abril de 2011 en Irlanda y el 2 de mayo de 2011 en Reino Unido. El primer sencillo del disco fue Edit Me, que se lanzó el 14 de febrero de 2011.

En enero de 2011 fueron teloneros de Angels & Airwaves por Europa continental.

En febrero de 2011 dieron varios conciertos por Reino Unido.

En marzo de 2011 tocaron en el festival South By Southwest (SXSW) en Austin, Texas. El segundo sencillo, Free, se pasó por primera vez en BBC Radio 1, en el programa de Zane Lowe el 10 de marzo de 2011.

En abril de 2011, tocaron en el festival Groezrock, en Bélgica.

En mayo de 2011 hicieron una gira por Reino Unido, coincidiendo con el lanzamiento de Free. También hicieron una gira por Europa.

El tercer sencillo fue Time For You To Stand Up, lanzado el 11 de julio de 2011, con Cherry Slut y Babylonian Throwdown como canciones adicionales.

Durante el verano de 2011, tocaron en varios festivales, tanto por Reino Unido como por Europa, tales como Hurricane Festival, Southside Festival, T In The Park, 2000 Trees Festival, Tramlines Festival, Relentless Boardmasters Festival, Highfield Festival, los Festivales de Reading Y Leeds y el Reeperbahnfestival.

El 26 de septiembre de 2011, se lanzó otro sencillo, Make A Beast Of Myself, que incluía otra canción extra, Your Amazing Lying, Lion, Lie In.

En noviembre de 2011, hicieron una gira por América del Norte como teloneros de AWOLNATION, junto a Middle Class Rut. A finales de noviembre, hicieron una gira por Reino Unido e Irlanda, The Free-ze Tour'', en la que la mayoría de los conciertos estaban con las entradas agotadas.

En diciembre de 2011, fueron portada de la revista Kerrang!, siendo esta la primera vez que salían en la portada de una revista.

Durante enero de 2012, realizaron una pequeña gira por Alemania y Países Bajos. Actualmente se encuentran como teloneros de You Me At Six y The Swellers junto a We Are The Ocean por Estados Unidos.

Integrantes
 Sam McTrusty – cantante, guitarra rítmica
 Barry McKenna – guitarra principal, violonchelo, teclado, voz
 Ross McNae – bajo, teclado, voz
 Craig Kneale – batería, percusión, voz

Discografía

Discos de estudio

EP

Sencillos

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial

Grupos de rock de Escocia
Grupos de música formados en 2007

Twin Atlantic


O mercado de ativos digitais, criptomoedas (do inglês "cryptocurrency" ou "digital asset") em Portugal destaca-se pelo enquadramento legal e fiscal favorável.

Fiscalidade
Os rendimentos obtidos com a compra e venda de criptomoedas em Portugal não são tributáveis e não existe obrigatoriedade de declarar montantes detidos.

Esta situação é, por um lado, considerada muito favorável para o desenvolvimento do setor em Portugal e para a atração de residentes, por outro lado, alguns grupos manifestam-se contra essa situação, levando o Ministério das Finanças (Portugal) a solicitar à Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira uma avaliação para preparar a alteração de legislação necessária para que os ativos virtuais deixem de ter o tratamento fiscal equivalente a outras moedas.

Destacar que a ausência de taxação sobre compra e venda de criptomoedas em Portugal aplica-se a todos os residentes fiscais e não apenas aos beneficiários de regimes especiais, como os Visto gold.

Licenças
Portugal é um dos países onde a actividade com criptomoedas é regulada. Desde 18 de agosto 2017, com a publicação da Lei n.º 83/2017, que a responsabilidade de supervisionar as actividades com ativos digitais cabe ao Banco de Portugal no âmbito da prevenção do branqueamento de capitais e do financiamento do terrorismo (BCFT).

Em 23 de Abril de 2021 o Banco de Portugal iniciou a actividade de licenciamento de actividades com criptomoedas, ao regulamentar o processo de registo das entidades que exercem atividades com ativos digitais, nomeadamente:
- Serviços de troca entre ativos virtuais e moedas fiduciárias
- Serviços de transferência de ativos virtuais
- Serviços de guarda ou guarda e administração de ativos virtuais
As primeiras licenças foram atribuídas em Maio de 2021, a duas empresas portuguesas: Criptoloja, Mind the Coin. No ano seguinte foram atribuídas mais três licenças para: Luso Ativos, Utrust e Bison Ativos Digitais.

Polémicas
A empresa espanhola Bitbase abriu uma loja física para compra e vendas de criptomoedas em Lisboa, tendo sido levada a fechar após intervenção do Banco de Portugal.

Ligações externas
 "Registo de entidades que exercem atividades com ativos virtuais" - Banco de Portugal
 "processo de registo das entidades que exerçam atividades com ativos virtuais" - Banco de Portugal

Criptomoedas

Criptomoedas em Portugal