El término neurotropismo puede hacer referencia a una atracción, hoy demostrada, entre dos fragmentos nerviosos. Esto origina que un nervio seccionado tienda a dirigirse hacia otro conducto nervioso. Se cree que la causa de esta afinidad se debe a la presencia de quimiotaxis, la cual se produce cuando ciertas células se ven atraídas por ciertos factores químicos, siendo en este caso el NGF (Nerve Growth factor = Factor de crecimiento nervioso) uno de los que más participarían en el proceso. En el caso del neurotropismo parece que esta quimiotaxis provoca no sólo afinidad de una célula nerviosa por otra también nerviosa, sino por otra del mismo tipo. Así una célula nerviosa sensitiva es atraída por otra también sensitiva, y lo mismo ocurre con una célula nerviosa motora.

Otra acepción de neurotropismo hace referencia a la afinidad y habilidad de invadir y vivir en tejido nervioso. Este es el caso de virus como el Herpes simplex, Virus japonés de encefalitis, del Sarampión, Varicela zoster, HIV-1 y HIV-2,  Virus Junín, Virus A de gripe aviar, de la Rabia, Coronavirus, Enterovirus 71, Virus adeno-asociado (un tipo de parvovirus), y otros. También es el caso de tumores o cánceres como el Melanoma desmoplásico (un tipo raro y agresivo de cáncer de piel), Cáncer de páncreas, Carcinoma de células escamosas (es el segundo cáncer de la piel más común después del carcinoma basocelular), todas las formas de Carcinoma adenoide quístico y otros. El neurotropismo aumenta la posibilidad de recurrencia o recidiva posquirúrgica local, ya que las células tumorales pueden diseminarse a lo largo de los troncos nerviosos a considerable distancia de la masa tumoral principal.

Referencias

 Smithers BM, McLeod GR and Little JH (1990). Desmoplastic, neural transforming and neurotropic melanoma: a review of 45 cases. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 60(12):967–972.
 Carlson JA, Dickersin GR, Sober AJ and Barnhill R (1995). Desmoplastic neurotropic melanoma. A clinicopathologic analysis of 28 cases. Cancer 75(2):478–494.
 McCarthy SW, Crotty KA and Scolyer RA (2006). Desmoplastic melanoma and desmoplastic neurotropic melanoma. In: World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. Pathology and Genetics of Skin Tumours, LeBoit PE, Burg G, Weedon D and Sarasian A (eds), IARC Press, Lyon, France, 76–78.
 Baer SC, Schultz D, Synnestvedt M and Elder DE (1995). Desmoplasia and neurotropism. Prognostic variables in patients with stage I melanoma. Cancer 76(11):2242–2247.
 Dumontier C, Froissart MT, Dauzac C, Monet J, Sautet A. Tratamiento y rehabilitación de las lesiones de los nervios periféricos. Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale. – E – 26-465-A-10.
 http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary
 http://eusalud.uninet.edu/apuntes/tema_27_anexo.pdf

Sistema nervioso

Neurotropismo


Manuel Carrasco Tubío (n. 1971) es un conocido pianista y compositor gaditano español.

Galardones

En su carrera ha recibido diversos galardones, como la Zipa de Oro en 1987, Premio Carmen Ibáñez del XIV Concurso Nacional de Jóvenes Pianistas (1994) o el primer premio en el Concurso Internacional de Piano en Lyon, 1995.

Proyectos
Actualmente se encuentra grabando su nuevo trabajo con la violinista Natasha Korsakova

Obras

En 2015 se estrena su disco 'Sinfonía Ecuestre', grabado con la Royal Philharmonic Orchestra de Londres para el espectáculo de la Real Escuela Andaluza del Arte Ecuestre.

Polémica por fraude
En 2017 fue detenido por supuesto fraude a la SGAE. En concreto se le acusa de acordar la emisión en horario de baja audiencia de obras registradas a nombres de personas de su confianza que no eran más que variaciones de obras clásicas y que reportaron millones de euros en derechos de autor

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Los caballos de la Real Escuela bailarán al son de la música de Manolo Carrasco

Pianistas de música clásica de España
Músicos clásicos del siglo XX de España
Músicos clásicos del siglo XXI de España
Nacidos en Cádiz

Manuel Carrasco (pianista)


Thiago Hernández Alves (* 22. Mai 1982 in São José do Rio Preto) ist ein ehemaliger brasilianischer Tennisspieler.

Leben und Karriere
Alves ist vor allem auf der ATP Challenger Tour erfolgreich. Im Einzel gewann er bislang sieben Titel, im Doppel drei. Sein Debüt auf der ATP World Tour gab er 2001 in Costa do Sauípe, schied jedoch in der 1. Runde aus. Den ersten Sieg auf World-Tour-Niveau errang er erst im Jahr 2006, als er Tomas Behrend in der Auftaktrunde in Newport in zwei Sätzen bezwang.
Bei Grand-Slam-Turnieren gelang ihm mehrfach der Einzug in die zweite Runde.

In der Weltrangliste waren seine beste Positionen Rang 88 im Einzel zum 13. Juli 2009 und Rang 151 im Doppel zum 30. Oktober 2006.

Im Jahr 2008 wurde er erstmals und auch bisher zum einzigen Mal für die brasilianische Davis-Cup-Mannschaft nominiert. Dabei kam er in zwei Einzelbegegnungen des Weltgruppen-Relegationsspiels gegen Kroatien zum Einsatz, verlor jedoch beide Spiele. Brasilien verlor das Spiel mit 1:4.

Thiago Alves spielte sein letztes Turnier im Oktober 2013 in São José do Rio Preto und wird seit Oktober 2014 nicht mehr in den Weltranglisten geführt.

Erfolge

Einzel

Turniersiege

Doppel

Turniersiege

Weblinks

Davis-Cup-Spieler (Brasilien)
Person (São José do Rio Preto)
Brasilianer
Geboren 1982
Mann

Thiago Alves


මෝඩ ගඩොල් () යනු ගඩොල් විශේෂයකි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ආශ්‍රිත
 ගඩොල්
 බිස්කට් ගල්
 ඉංජිනේරු ගල්

ගොඩනැගිලි ද්‍රව්‍ය

මෝඩ ගඩොල්


Vancomicina este un antibiotic din clasa glicopeptidelor, fiind utilizat în tratamentul unor infecții bacteriene. Printre acestea se numără: endocardite, infecții ale oaselor (osteomielite), pneumonie și infecții ale țesuturilor moi, inclusiv cele cauzate de MRSA. Căile de administrare disponibile sunt intravenoasă și orală.

Se află pe lista medicamentelor esențiale ale Organizației Mondiale a Sănătății.

Utilizări medicale
Vancomicina este indicată în tratamentul unor infecții bacteriene severe cauzate de bacterii Gram-pozitive, care nu răspund la tratamentul cu alte antibiotice.

În ultimii ani, ca urmare a apariției unor tulpini de enterococi vancomocino-rezistenți, Centrul pentru Prevenirea și Controlul Bolilor (SUA) a restrâns utilizarea vancomicinei pentru următoarele cazuri:
 Tratamentul infecțiilor severe cauzate de microorganisme rezistente la peniciline, inclusiv stafilococ auriu meticilino-rezistent, sau la pacienții cu alergie severă la peniciline;
 Tratamentul colitei pseudomembranoase datorate infectării cu Clostridium difficile, când aceasta nu răspunde la metronidazol;
 Profilaxia endocarditelor, la pacienții cu risc ridicat și cu hipersensibilitate la peniciline;
 Profilaxia chirurgicală în procedee de implantare a protezelor, în instituțiile medicale cu risc mare de infectare cu MRSA sau MRSE
 Tratamentul endoftalmitei, injectabil. În acest caz, utilizarea ca preventiv nu este recomandat datorită riscului mare apariție a unor reacții adverse severe.

Spectrul de activitate
Vancomicina este un antibiotic de rezervă, utilizat în tratamentul stărilor septice localizate la nivelul tractului respirator, cutanat și osos, cauzate de bacterii Gram-pozitive. Concentrațiile minime inhibitorii pentru câteva specii patogene de interes pentru tratament sunt:
 S. aureus: 0,25 μg/ml până la 4,0 μg/ml
 S. aureus (meticilino-rezistent sau MRSA): 1 μg/ml până la 138 μg/ml
 S. epidermidis: ≤ 0,12 μg/ml până la 6,25 μg/ml

Reacții adverse
Printre reacțiile adverse se numără reacțiile alergice și inflamația și durerea la locul administrării (pentru forma de administrare parenterală).

Note

Vezi și
 Oritavancină
 Telavancină
 Teicoplanină

Antibiotice glicopeptidice
Medicamente esențiale listate de OMS

Vancomicină


Jeremy Demester, né le  à Digne (France), est un artiste franco-béninois d'origine tzigane exerçant entre la France et le Bénin. Son travail porte sur les traditions orales de la culture tzigane, sur les cultes vaudous d'Afrique de l'Ouest, et sur le rôle du corps et de l'intuition dans la peinture.

Il est représenté par la galerie Max Hetzler (Berlin, Londres, Paris) depuis .

Biographie
Demester est élevé dans une famille franco-tzigane. Il étudie la peinture à l'École Supérieure d'Art des Rocailles de Biarritz entre 2009 et 2012, puis à l'École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Art de Paris entre 2012 et 2014. Diplômé en 2014 avec les félicitations du jury, il reçoit le prix des Amis des Beaux-Arts la même année  et participe à l'exposition collective Les Voyageurs au Palais des Beaux-Arts.

Marqué par l'oralité et le nomadisme de la communauté tzigane dont il est issu, Demester s'intéresse aux thèmes du voyage du corps et de l'esprit, ainsi qu'au thème de l'identité, dans une grande variété de cultures et de traditions. En 2015, son premier séjour au Bénin à l'occasion d'une résidence à la Fondation Zinsou donne lieu à une série de peintures dansées réalisées collectivement. Par la suite, Demester retourne plusieurs fois en Afrique de l'Ouest pour étudier les rituels vaudous. Il installe un atelier permanent à Ouidah, centre du culte des Revenants, en 2018. Après avoir réalisé des œuvres pour des cérémonies et participé plusieurs années de suite à la Fête nationale du vaudou qui se tient en janvier, il est investi du statut de dignitaire dans un couvent de la ville. Il trouve dans la culture vaudou du Bénin une voie alternative pour approfondir, en tant que peintre, sa connaissance de la nature et du monde des esprits.

Durant la même période, l'artiste s'est également investi dans des fonctions variées. En 2017, il rend hommage à l'artiste Raymond Hains en tant que commissaire de l'exposition You know nothing Raymond à la galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin. En 2018, dans le cadre de l'exposition Peindre la nuit au Centre Pompidou Metz et de la Nocturne #2 La Nuit sacrée, il est invité à mettre en scène le ballet Courage pour le Centre Chorégraphique National - Ballet de Lorraine.

En 2019, avec son épouse Marie-Sophie Eiché-Demester, il crée l'association Atoké, une Association à but non lucratif qui a pour but de venir en aide aux enfants de l'orphelinat Saint-Dominique situé dans le village d'Azowlissé dans la région de l'Ouémé au Bénin. Atoké aide ces enfants à grandir dignement en leur assurant l'accès à l'éducation, la santé, la nourriture et l'assistance juridique. L'association offre aussi une bourse de cantine aux enfants les plus défavorisés d'écoles primaires de la région, pour leur assurer un repas gratuit, chaud et équilibré, par jour.

Présentation de l'œuvre
La peinture de Jeremy Demester explore les modalités du processus créatif en rejetant l'individualisme artistique moderne. Ses premières expositions sont créées avec une entité collective que l'artiste surnomme "la Demestria", composée des amis qui l'entourent, des scientifiques qu'il consulte, des enfants avec lesquels il travaille lors d'ateliers ou encore d'artisans avec lesquels il collabore.

Cette mise en valeur de la communauté est également présente dans des toiles consacrées à l'histoire familiale du peintre. Les titres de ses paysages et de la série des Ciels font référence à des récits intimes auxquels Demester donne une dimension de tradition orale, en accordant notamment de l'importance aux noms tziganes de ses proches. À travers ces toiles, le peintre donne une incarnation formelle à une culture du voyage par définition mouvante, invoquant sa connexion à la nature et aux éléments, ainsi que son ouverture aux cultures les plus lointaines. Demester a ainsi travaillé, par exemple, sur les traditions tziganes, les peintures de guerre amérindiennes, les mutations des mythes gréco-romains, la culture populaire américaine ou encore les rituels vaudous d'Afrique de l'Ouest.

La culture vaudou et sa dimension protéiforme tient une place particulièrement importante dans son œuvre, en tant qu'elle est un point de rencontre pour des individus aux convictions religieuses et politiques variées au Bénin, mais aussi parce qu'elle a elle-même voyagé, connaissant des mutations telles que le Voodoo haïtien ou le Buriyan brésilien.

Parallèlement à ses recherches sur la nature et les éléments, le peintre développe une réflexion sur les propriétés physico-chimique de la matière et des couleurs. Considérant le tableau comme une entité vivante, il expérimente avec des pigments secs et des huiles naturelles, mais aussi avec des peintures industrielles. Sa série des Vins d'Anjou, peinte sur panneaux d'aluminium, tente de reproduire les teintes changeantes du sang lorsqu'il est encore dans nos veines, avant que le contact avec l'air et l'oxydation lui donnent sa couleur rouge. L'inscription de cette couleur dans la matière permet au peintre de rester à la frontière entre la figuration et l'abstraction, une position qui libère l'artiste et qui lui permet de proposer de nouveaux chemins pour l'histoire de la peinture.

Dans ses dernières séries, Demester cherche à approfondir la relation entre instinct et protocole qui se joue au moment de créer une œuvre d'art. Ses tableaux sont peints sans modèle, depuis un espace mental que l'artiste surnomme "le temple" ; les formes y surgissent grâce à une tension entre le tumulte du monde sensuel et l'ordre du monde des idées, qu'il appelle respectivement "la monstra" et "l'astra". Pour mener à bien sa recherche, l'artiste cherche à délivrer son œuvre, qui doit être un point de contact entre des forces cognitives antagonistes, du dilemme entre savoir et sagesse.

Prix et distinctions

 Prix Aurige Finance des Amis des Beaux-Arts de Paris, 2014
 Prix des Félicités des Beaux-Arts de Paris, 2015
 Prix des partenaires du Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole, 2016

Expositions personnelles

 XXI, Perrotin, Dubai, 2023
 Ram Muay, Galerie Max Hetzler, Londres, 2023
 Djemy, Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin, 2022
 Gros-Câlin, Musée de la Fondation Zinsou, Ouidah, 2021
 OUIDAH, Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin, 2020
 FTW, Galerie Max Hetzler, Paris, 2019
 Jeremy Demester, Stiftung zur Förderung zeitgenössischer Kunst in Weidingen, Weidingen, 2018
 I Lifted My Hand To Wave The Sun, Château Malromé, Saint-André-du-Bois, 2018
 Fire Walk With Me, Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin, 2017
 Jeremy Demester, Galerie Max Hetzler, Paris, 2016
 33 Engravings for Benji's Revenge, Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole, Saint-Étienne, 2016
 L'Invité du Belvédère, Palais de l'École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, 2016
 Original Zeke, Musée de la Fondation Zinsou, Ouidah, 2015

Collections publiques

 Fondation Zinsou, Ouidah, Bénin
 Musée d'Art moderne d'Istanbul, Istanbul, Turquie
 Rennie Museum, Vancouver, Canada
 Musée d'Art Moderne et Contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole, Saint-Étienne, France

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Site web : http://www.jeremydemester.com/

Peintre figuratif
Peintre français du XXIe siècle
Peintre abstrait
Personnalité rom
Élève de l'École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts
Élève de l'École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts au XXIe siècle

Jeremy Demester


An Arisaema macrospathum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni George Bentham. An Arisaema macrospathum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Arisaema, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Arisaema

Arisaema macrospathum


المفاعل الثابت منخفض الطاقة الأول (بالإنجليزية: Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One) هو مفاعل نووي صغير في أمريكا، وتعرض في 3 يناير 1961 للانصهار وحدوث انفجار بخاري قتل ثلاثة عاملين. يُسمى عادةً إس إل-1 (SL-1) من باب اختصار الاسم الكامل.
كان السبب في الحادث انتزاع عمود ضبط وسطي من أعمدة امتصاص النيوترونات، وهي عملية غير مسموح بها. كان هذا الحادث هو الحادث الوحيد في مفاعل نووي في الولايات المتحدة تسبب في موت ثلاثة من العاملين على الفور. .
نشأ من الحادث نحو 80 كوري من اليود المشع نظير اليود 131
 واعتبرت حتسبت على أنها غير خطيرة نطرا لبعد المفاعل في الصحراء عن السكان في شرق أيداهو. كما انتشرت كمية 1100 كوري (تعادل 41 تيرا بيكريل) مشعة من منتجات الانشطار في الجو.
يقع المفاعل في مختبر إيداهو الوطني في محطة التجريب، وهي تبعد عن إيداهو نحو 40 ميل. وكان جزء
من المشاريع النووية للقوات الحربية ويعتبر أنه مفاعل صغير ذو قدرة صغيرة ALPR. وكان مبنيا لإمداد قاعدة حربية بعيدة بالطاقة الكهربائية والماء الساخن، مثل قاعدة رادار في القصب الشمالي أو قواعد الإنذار العسكري المبكر.
كان التصميم لمفاعل يعمل بطاقة 3 مليون واط (طاقة حرارية) ولكن أجريت عليه تجارب ليصل إنتاجه إلى 7و4 ميجا واط من الطاقة، وأجريت تلك التجارب قبل الحادث بعدة أشهر. كانت قدرة التشغيل 200 كيلوواط من الكهرباء و 400 كيلوواط حرارة لتدفئة المباني.

وصلت قدرة المفاعل أثناء الحادث إلى نحو 20 مليار واط خلال 4 مللي ثانية في قلب المفاعل مما جعله ينفجر منتجا كمية هائلة من البخار شديد السخونة.

التصميم
قام الجيش الأمريكي خلال عامي 1954 و 1955 بتقدير احتياجاته من مفاعلات نووية يمكن تشغيلها في مناطق نائية في المنطقة القطبية الشمالية. وكانت تلك المفاعلات بغرض استبدال مولدات تعمل بالديزل لتزويد المنشآت بالكهرباء وتدفئة محطات الرادار التابعة للجيش.

وقامت هيئة الجيش المشؤولة عن المفاعلات بكتابة تقرير توجيهات بالنسبة للمشروع من وجهة التصميم والبناء واختبار المفاعل الاختباري، (مشروع مفاعل أرجون منخفض الطاقة ALPR) ووكلت به مختبر أرجون الوطني للقيام به.

ومن المتطلبات التي طلبتها الهيئة العسكرية:

 إمكان نقل المعدات بالطائرة،
 أستخدام أجهزة متداولة ومعتادة،
 منشأت قليلة في الموقع،
 بساطة التصميم واستدامة المنشآت والأجهزة،
 أمداد الوقود النووي لتشغيل المفاعل كل 3 سنوات.

وبني المفاعل الاختباري في الموقع NRTS من يوليو 1957 حتى يوليو 1958 . وكان تشغيله في 24 أكتوبر 1958 . وكانت قدرته 3 ميجاوات (قدرة حرارية). وكان المفاعل من نوع مفاعل الماء المغلي ويعمل بـ يورانيوم مخصب إلى درجة 93% يورانيوم-235 وكان الماء يستخدم كمبرد للمفاعل ومهديء. واستخدم علماء المختبر الوطني خبرتهم من «تجارب بوراكس» لتصميم المفاعل. وكان نظام دائرة الماء تعمل بضغط 300 psi ، فكان الماء يتخلل لوحات الوقود النووي التي كانت عبارة عن سبيكة يورانيوم-ألمونيوم.

وسُلم المفاعل إلى الجيش الأمريكي في ديسمبر 1958 بعد اختبارات كثيرة، وتولى قسم هندسة الطاقة مهام التشغيل في فبراير 1959. وتولى «كادر» خاص من الجيش الأمريكي مهام التدريب على تشغيل المفاعل.

كانت معظم أجزاء المفاعل في مبنى أسطواني من الفولاذ قطره 39 قدم وارتفاعه 48 قدم. وكان معظم الفولاذ ذو سمك 6 مليمتر ويسمى ARA-602 . وكان الدخول إلى المبنى عن طريق باب معتاد يؤدي إلى حجرة أولية ARA-603 تؤدي إلى مبنى الألات. كما كان يوجد باب للطوارئء. ولم يكن خزان المفاعل الذي يحوي الوقود النووي وماء التبريد مصنوعا لتحمل الضغوط العالية التي تتحملها المفاعلات الكبيرة التي تبنى في مناطق مأهولة بالسكان. ولكن المبنى كان قادرا على احتواء معظم التسريبات المشعة التي قد تتسرب خلال حادث بسيط أثناء النشغيل.

وكان قلب المفاعل مصمما على أن يحوي 59 وحدة وقود صغيرة ووحدة مصدر نيوترونات و 9 من قضبان التحكم التي تمتص النيوترونات الزائدة. إلا أن المفاعل المستخدم كان به 40 وحدة وقود صغيرة و5 من قضبان التحكم التي كانت في شكل (+) في مقطعها. منها القضيب رقم 9 في الوسط و 4 قضبان حوله (وهي القضبان بأرقام 1، 3، 5، 7)، وجميعهم غاطسون في وحدات الوقود وماء التبريد.

كانت قضبان التحكم مصنوعة من الكادميوم سمك 60 مليمتر محفوطا في غطاء من الألمونيوم سمك 80 مليمتر. كانوا بعرض 14 بوصة وطول الواحد منهم 32 بوصة. وكانت الـ 40 وحدة وقود، تتكون الواحدة منها من 9 من ألواح الوقود. كان اللوح منها سمك 120 مليمتر ويحتوي على شريحة 50 مليمتر من سبيكة اليورانيوم والألمونيوم، ومغطاة أيضا بغطاء ألمونيوم X-8001 بسمك 35 مليمتر.
سمك الماء بين لوحات الوقود كان 310 مليمتر. وكان الوقود الأولى عاليا التخصيب بنسبة 93% يورانيوم-235 ويشمل كمية كاملة قدرها 31 رطل من اليورانيوم-235

استخدمت 40 وحدة وقود في قلب المفاعل بدلا من 59 وحدة وقود؛ فكان حجم الوقود صغيرا، جعل العاملين يستغنون عن قضبان التحكم المحيطة بقضيم التحكم الوسطي. فكان على قضيب التحكم الوحيد هذا أهمية كبيرة.

الحادث وتبعاته

في 21 ديسمبر 1960 كان المفاعل قد أغلق لإجراء عمليات صيانة، ومعايرة الأجهزة، واصلاح الأجهزة المساعدة، وتركيب 44 من المحسات والأسلاك لقياس فيض النيوترونات في قلب المفاعل. وكانت الأسلاك مصنوعة من الألمونيوم ومغطاة بسبيكة من الألمونيوم والكوبلت.

وفي 3 يناير 1961 كان المفاعل يتم اعداده للتشغيل بعد إغلاقة فترة 11 يوم بعد احتفالات بالعيد. وكانت عمليات الصيانة تتطلب أن يُرفع قضيب التحكم مسافة عدة بوصات من خارج مصفوف الوقود النووي من أجل تركيب جهاز تحريكه. وفي الساعة التاسعة ودقيقة تم إزاحة قضيب التحكم ولكن لمسافة أطول من المقرر مما جعل الوقود النووي يصل إلى حالة حرجة في التو والحال. وخلال 4 مللي ثانية نشأت حرارة كبيرة ناتجة من انطلاق طاقة المفاعل المفاجئة جعلت الماء حول الوقود النووي تتحول فجأة إلى بخار انفجاري. احدث البخار الشديد الضغط موجة ضغطية ضد قمة خزان المفاعل تطايرت بسببها الماء والبخار من أعلى الخزان. وبينت فحوصات تمت بعد ذلك أن كل خزان المفاعل بأكملة (وهو يحوي قلب المفاعل) ووزنه 26.000 رطل قد قفز من مكانه من وقع الانفجار وارتفع نحو 9 أقدام، كما اصطدم جهاز تحريك قضيب التحكم بسقف مبنى المفاعل، قبل إن يعود ويستقر على أرضيته من جديد. .

الماء الساخن والبخار المنتشر بشدة أصاب اثنين من العاملين فحرقهم وشلهم تماما على الفور وأصاب آخرين بإصابات شديدة. وكان اندفاع السداد العلوي للخزان سببا في موت العامل الثالث حيث نطره السداد بالكامل إلى سقف المبنى.

واتضح بعد ذلك أن أحد الثلاثة العاملين - وهم من الخبراء العسكريين - قد قام بإزاحة قضيب التحكم أكثر من اللازم مما أدى إلى وقوع الحادث.

مباديء المفاعل والأحداث
عدة عوامل تؤثر على معدل إنتاج الطاقة من مفاعل نووي وهي متعلقة بتغيرات في وضع قضيب التحكم. وأما الأجزاء الأخرى من التصميم فهي تتحكم في سرعة انتقال الحرارة من الوقود النووي إلى ماء التبريد.

المفاعل النووي المتسلسل يكون عظيم الإيجابية عند الوصول إلى الحالة الحرجة في الوقود النووي؛ وعلى الأخص عندما يزداد عدد النيوترونات الناتجة من كل انشطار. ففي مفاعل نووي يجب التحكم في عدد تلك النيوترونات الزائدة طالما كان المفاعل في الحالة الحرجة. وأحسن طريقة للتحكم في عدد النيوترونات هو بواسطة قضبان التحكم التي تمتص النيوترونات الزائدة. وتوجد طرق أخرى للتحكم وهي تتضمن حجم وشكل قلب المفاعل (الوقود النووي)، ووجود مواد عاكسة للنيوترونات حول قلب المفاعل (فهي تعمل على رد نيوترونات كانت في سبيلها لمغادرة قلب المفاعل وتعكسها لتعود إلى قلب المفاعل لزيادة التفاعل). إن تغييرات في مقدار امتصاص النيوترونات أو انعكاسها يغير شديدا فيض النبيوترونات في قلب المفاعل، وبالتالي يحدث تغييرا شديدا في قوة التفاعل.

أحد عوامل التشغيل في مفاعل الماء الخفيف وتؤخذ في الحسبان عند التصميم أن يكون للمفاعل مهديء درجة حرارته سلبية ومعامل إنتاجه فقاقيع.(لأن بخار ماء التبريد له كثافة منخفضة فتحدث تجمعات من الفقاقيع تسمى بالنسبة لمفاعل نووي "voids" أي «فراغات»؛ أي تكون بمثابة فراغات في قلب المفاعل لا تقوم بتهدئة سريان التفاعل.) عندما تكون التفاعلية النووية للمفاعل سلبية فهذا معناه أن الماء الذي يعمل كمهديء (لسرعة النيوترونات) سيسخن ويتمدد، وتبتعد جزيئات الماء عن بعضها البعض (فالماء يتمدد بالحرارة وربما يغلي) وتقل تهدئة النيوترونات من أجل استمرار عمليات الانشطار. بسبب تلك الآلية فإن معظم مفاعلات الماء الخفيف ستخفض من نفسها معدل حدوث الانشطارات كنتيجة لارتفاع درجة حرارة المهديء. فإدا نتجت حرارة كافية لغليان الماء في قلب المفاعل النووي فإن عدد الانشطارات في الوقود النووي تنخفض أيضا بدورها حيث تكثر فقاقيع البخار في ماء التبريد والتهدئة. هذا هو تفسير أن يكون المهديء له معامل سلبي بالنسبة لتنظيم معدل الانشطارات.

ولكن إذا زادت الطاقة الناتجة من التفاعل المتسلسل سريعا، فإن الماء سيحتاج إلى فترة زمنية أطول لالتقاط تلك الطاقة الناشئة فجأة في الوقود النووي، فلا وقت لتنشأ تلك الفقاقيع التي تهديء من سير التفاعل. في تلك الحالة تزداد شدة التفاعل بقوة عظيمة من دون حدوث أي حالة سلبية لكبح زمامه (مثل تكون فقاقيع من ماء يغلي). فيسخن الوقود النووي بطريقة مجنونة، مما يجعله ينصهر وتتبخر المعادن في قلب المفاعل، ويحدث تمدد فظيع وسريع، ويرتفع الضغط، وتختل أجهزة قلب المفاعل مما يؤدي إلى تدمير المفاعل، كما حدث في حالة المفاعل إس إل-1.

الأحداث بعد انطلاق طاقة المفاعل

لم يتواجد أحد من الناس الغرباء في موقع المفاعل، وكان به العاملون فقط. ولم يتوقف التفاعل الذي جرى في المفاعل إلا بسبب محدودية التصميم والمباديء الأساسية في فيزياء الماء الساخن وانصهار الوقود النووي، التي عملت على فصل الوقود عن الماء المهديء.
تلك العوامل هي التي أدت في النهاية ذاتيا في إيقاف التفاعل.

محسات الإشعاع المنصوبة فوق المفاعل قامت بتشغيل صفارات الإنذار في الساعة 9 ودقيقة، وهو وقت حدوث الحادث. أسرع رجال المطافيء ووصلوا إلى مكان الحادث خلال 9 دقائق، لأنهم كانوا يعتقدون أن الإنذار وقع بطريق الخطأ.

دخل رجال المطافيء مبنى المفاعل ولاحظوا أضواء الإنذار تنذر بارتفاع الإشعاع. وقفزت مؤشرات عدداتهم فجأة إلى ما هو أعلى من القراءة العظمى للعداد، وحدث ذلك وهم يصعدون السلم داخل المفاعل، فارتدّوا في الحال إلى الخارج.

وفي الساعة 9:17  وصل المسؤول عن الوقاية وفيزياء الصحة مع فريقه. وقاموا مع رجال المطافيء بلبس ملابس الوقاية ووضعوا أقنعة ترشيح الهواء على وجوههم لإبعاد قدر الإمكان فرصة تعرضهم للتلوث الأشعاعي، واقتربوا من السلم المؤدي إلى المفاعل. وكانت قراءة أجهزتهم للأشعاع تشير إلى 25 رونتغن (وحدة) في الساعة (25 R/hr) وهم على السلم، فارتدوا راجعين.

وبعد عدة دقائق أخرى وصل فريق من الوقاية بأجهزة قراءة الإشعاع تستطيع قياس 500 رونتغن / الساعة، ولبسوا ملابسا يمكنها حجب أشعة غاما إلى حد ما عن أجسامهم . وصعد مسؤول الوقاية ومعه أثنين من رجال المطافيء السلم، ورأوا الدمار الحادث في صالة المفاعل . وعندما وجدوا أن العداد يشير إلى أقصى درجة فيه فرجعوا مسرعين لكي لا يتعرضوا أكثر للإشعاع.

نحو الساعة 10:30  وصل المشرف على الموقع وهو من قسم مهندسي الاحتراق العسكريين ورئيس قسم الوقاية من الإشعاع. ودخلا مبنى المفاعل في الساعة 10:45 ووجدا أثنين من العاملين غارقين في المياه وهما يإنون من آلامهم . وجاء 5 رجال انقاذ بسرا ئر محمولة، على أن يدخلوا لمدة دقيقة واحدة لإنقاذ المصابين، ولكن أحد المصابين مات في الساعة 10:50 بسبب أصابته في رأسه . وكانت ملابسة قد تلوثت بالإشعاع، وكانت شدة الأشعاع الصادرة منه 500 رونتغن (وحدة)/الساعة.

ثم اكتشاف العامل الثالث نحو الساعة 10:38 وكان معلقا في السقف. قاموا بإنقاذ من أمكن إنقاذه من مصابين آخرين وبدأ العمل لحمايتهم .
العامل الثالث أكتشف مؤخرا لأنه كان معلقا في السقف فوق خزان المفاعل ولم يكن سهلا رؤياه.

وفي ليلة 4 يناير وصل 10 من المتطوعين ودبروا خطة لاسترجاع العامل الثالث المعلق. وفي يوم 9 يناير دخل كل اثنين منهم لمدة تعرض للإشعاع لا تزيد عن 65 ثانية، مستخدمين عمدانا طويلة مثبت عليها مخالب لسحب واسترجاع العامل الثالث من ملابسه مع استخدام رافعة.

وقد بينت قياسات الذهب المشع 198Au من ساعة العامل المتوفي وقياس النحاس المشع copper-64 المأخوذ من ولاعة سجائره أن المفاعل قد وصل بالفعل إلى الحالة الحرجة، فان كميات النيوترونات التي نشأت خلال الحادث عملت على تحول الذهب والنحاس إلى ذهب مشع ونحاس مشع.

وتم دفن الموتى في صناديق من الرصاص وغطيت بالخرسانة ودفنت في مدفن تغطيه الخرسانة . وبعض أجزاء أجسامهم تم دفنها في صحراء إيداهو كنفايات مشعة. وأما الخبير العسكري «ريتشارد ليروي» فقد تم دفنه في المقبرة 31 في مقبرة أرلينغتون الوطنية.

اقرأ أيضا
 مفاعل نووي
 انشطار نووي
 مفاعل الماء الخفيف
 تفاعلية نووية

مراجع

أيداهو في 1961
أخطاء هندسية
بنية تحتية للطاقة اكتملت في 1958
حوادث نووية في الولايات المتحدة
كوارث 1961
كوارث في الولايات المتحدة 1961
كوارث في أيداهو
مبان ومنشآت في مقاطعة بوتي (أيداهو)
محطات طاقة سابقة في أيداهو
محطات طاقة نووية سابقة في الولايات المتحدة
محطات طاقة نووية في أيداهو
مناطق ملوثة بالإشعاع
مواقع استجابة بيئية شاملة في أيداهو

مفاعل ثابت 1


Svijet

Književna djela

 Knulp Hermanna Hessea
 Preobrazba Franza Kafke

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

 Nobelova nagrada za književnost:

Rođenja

 10. lipnja – Saul Bellow, američki književnik († 2005.)

Smrti

 6. travnja – Musa Ćazim Ćatić, bošnjački književnik (* 1878.)

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

 10. ožujka – Joža Horvat, hrvatski književnik, pripovjedač i putopisac († 2012.)

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Književnost u 1915.


Kaito Kubo (født 5. november 1993) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kaito Kubo


الكردينال هو طائر يعيش في الشمال من الكرة الأرضية وخاصة في أمريكا الشمالية ويعتبر من الطيور المهاجرة. طائر الكاردينال متعدد الألوان وهو من الطيور صغيرة الحجم له منقار قصير حاد بهيأة مخروطية ذو لون أحمر ثقيل ويحيط وجهه باللون الأسود وأجنحة أطول من جسده عموما يصل طولها من 25 إلى 31 سم دائرية الشكل ذات تسعة ريشات قوائم بها بعض الريش الخشن المنتصب، يملك ساق طويلة.
يتراوح حجمه بين 21 إلى 23 سم وعادة ما يكون طوله 8.75 بوصة تقريبا.
يمكن تمييز أنثى طائر الكاردينال عن الذكر عن طريق اللون الأحمر اللامع مع وجود بعض الريش باللون الأسود الممتد عند العينين إلى أعلى الصدر لدى الذكر دونا عن الأنثى، أما الانثى فتتميز باللون الرمادي أو البني الباهت وذيل وأجنحة حمراء اللون.
يمتلك طائر الكاردينال صوت جميل يتكون من مجموعة من الصفارات الواضحة حيث تكون طبقة الصوت في أول واخر الصفير ذات نغمة بطيئة، كذلك تغرد أنثى الكاردينال لتعطي إشارة للذكر بموعد تقديم الطعام للعش فيساهم الزوجان في عبارات الاغنية وقد تطيل الأنثى الغناء أكثر ويكون لها أغلب العبارات دونا عن الذكر.
يتغذى الطائر على مجموعة متنوعة من الأطعمة وتتضمن البراعم وأوراق التوت والزهور والفواكه والحشرات وبذور الحشائش والحبوب والديدان وبذور دوار الشمس والزبيب والتفاح والخبز والدخن.
تبني أنثى الكاردينال عشها ذو الشكل المقعر على الأشجار حيث تضع 2 إلى 6 بيضات مختلفة الألوان ولكن تتميز عادة باللون الكريمي المنقط باللون البني بين فترة تتراوح بين 11 إلى 13 يوم ويواصل بعد ذلك الذكر حضانة البيض لمدة 12 يوم ويقوم كلا الوالدين بإطعام الصغار وتبني الأنثى العش الآخر استعدادا للحضنة التالية وربما يكون للكاردينال أربع فقسات خلال الفترة بين شهري أبريل وأغسطس من كل عام، كما يقوم الذكر بالدفاع عن منطقة تزاوجه أو نفوذه ضد الذكور الأخرى لدرجة انه إذا رأى انعكاسه في أي سطح عاكس كالزجاج أو الماء فانه يظل يتقاتل معه لعدة ساعات.
يتشابه طائر الكاردينال الشمالي مع نظيره طائر الكاردينال أصفر المنقار.

مراجع

طيور الأمريكيتين
طيور كردينال

كردينال (طائر)


Ryan Walsh (født 18. maj 1986 i Rochdale, Greater Manchester i England) er en britisk professionel bokser. Hans største kamp i karrieren var da han boksede om Europamesterskabet mod danske Dennis Ceylan den 15. oktober 2016 i Frederikshavn, hvor han tabte på en split decision. Han har været indehaver af den britiske fjervægttitel siden 2015 og har tidligere været indehave af den britiske super-bantamvægttitel siden 2011.

Professionelle karriere
Opvokset i Rochdale og bosat i Cromer, Norfolk, havde Walsh sin professionelle debut den 2. februar 2008 med en første omgangs knockout af Riaz Durgahed. I april 2011 havde han vundet sin første 12 kampe og den 21. oktober scorede han en enstemmig afgørelse (UD) over Liam Richards og vandt den britiske super-bantamvægttitel.

I oktober 2013, udfordrede Walsh Lee Selby om den britiske og Commonwealth fjervægts-titlen. Kampen gik ale 12 omgange med Selby som vinder af en klar enstemmig afgørelse, hvilket tilegnede Walsh sit første nederlag. 2 år senere, den 26. september 2015, mødte Walsh Samir Mouneimne for den daværende ledige britiske fjervægts-titel. Kampen gik tiden ud hvor Walsh scorede en split decision og blev britisk mester.

Walsh skulle have bokset sit første titelforsvar i januar 2016 mod Ryan Doyle, men mødte i stedet den ubesejrede Darren Traynor, hvor han stoppede udfordreren på teknisk knockout i 5. omgang.
Den 15. oktober 2016 boksede han om europamesterskabet mod danske Dennis Ceylan i Frederikshavn som han tabte på en split decision.

Ryan's tvillingebror Liam og storebror Michael er også professionelle boksere og i 2015 blev Ryan og Liam de første tvillinger til at have de britiske titler på samme tid.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Boksere fra England
Personer fra Rochdale

Ryan Walsh


An Platylepis rufa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Charles Frappier, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Schltr.. An Platylepis rufa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platylepis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha R�union. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Platylepis

Platylepis rufa


El curutié jaspeado (Cranioleuca gutturata), también denominado curutié de pecho punteado, chamicero punteado (en Colombia), colaespina jaspeada (en Ecuador), cola-espina jaspeado (en Perú) o güitío pechipunteado (en Venezuela), es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Furnariidae perteneciente al numeroso género Cranioleuca, colocada por varios autores en el género Thripophaga. Es nativa de la cuenca amazónica en América del Sur.

Distribución y hábitat
Se distribuye ampliamente desde el sureste de Colombia (al sur desde el oeste de Caquetá) hacia el este por el sur de Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar), y desde el noreste de Surinam y norte de la Guayana francesa, y hacia el sur por el este de Ecuador, este de Perú, Amazonia brasileña (oeste de Amazonas al este hasta Amapá y al sur hasta Acre y centro norte de Pará) hasta el norte de Bolivia (al sur hasta Cochabamba).

Esta especie es considerada poco común en su hábitat natural: el sotobosque y el estrato medio de selvas húmedas tropicales y sus bordes, tanto en terra firme como en las riberas, localmente hasta los 1100 metros de altitud.

Descripción

Mide entre 13 y 15 cm de longitud y pesa entre 13 y 17 g. Sus partes superiores son de color pardo oliváceo, con el píleo castaño; los hombros, las alas y la cola de color castaño rojizo ferruginoso y listas superciliares blanquecinas. Su barbilla es amarillenta y el resto de sus partes inferiores son blanquecinas salpicadas con pequeñas motas oscuras. Es la única Cranioleuca con partes inferiores jaspeadas.  Su pico es recto, puntiagudo y grisáceo.

Sistemática

Descripción original
La especie C. gutturata fue descrita por primera vez por los naturalistas franceses d'Orbigny y Frédéric de Lafresnaye en 1838 bajo el nombre científico Anabates gutturatus; la localidad tipo es: «Yuracares (probablemente Cochabamba), Bolivia».

Etimología
El nombre genérico femenino «Cranioleuca» se compone de las palabras del griego «κρανιον kranion»: cráneo, cabeza, y «λευκος leukos»: blanco, en referencia a la corona blanca de la especie tipo: Cranioleuca albiceps; y el nombre de la especie «gutturata», proviene de latín moderno «gutturatus»: relativo a la garganta.

Taxonomía
Los datos filogenéticos recientes indican que la presente especie está embutida dentro del género Thripophaga; con esta base, las clasificaciones Aves del Mundo (HBW) y Birdlife International (BLI) la trasladaron con el nombre Thripophaga gutturata.

La subespecie propuesta C. gutturata peruviana (, 1919) (del este de Perú) fue descrita como siendo más oscura por arriba, más pálida y menos ocrácea por abajo, con el jaspeado del pecho más grosero, la barbilla de amarillo más pálido y lista superciliar menos pronunciada, pero los autores subsiguientes consideraron que representaban apenas variaciones individuales. Estudios más profundos también deberían garantizar la resurrección del taxón C. gutturata hyposticta (, 1859) para las poblaciones del noroeste de la Amazonia. Claramente, es necesario un re-análisis de las variaciones geográficas a lo largo de la zona de distribución. Tentativamente, es tratada como monotípica.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Videos, fotos y sonidos de Cranioleuca gutturata en eBird.
 Sonidos y mapa de distribución de Cranioleuca gutturata en xeno-canto.
 Fotos y sonidos de  Cranioleuca gutturata en Wikiaves.

gutturata
Aves de América del Sur
Taxones descritos por Alcide d'Orbigny
Taxones descritos por Frédéric de Lafresnaye
Animales descritos en 1838

Cranioleuca gutturata


Kabala ( veya 'yazışma') veya Kabbalah, Yahudi mistisizminde ezoterik bir disiplin, düşünce okulu veya kurallar bütünüdür. Yahudilik'te üyelerine מְקוּבָּל [Kabaliste Mequbbāl] denir. Kabala'nın tanımı, onu takip edenlerin geleneğine ve amaçlarına göre değişiklik gösterir. Kabala, Yahudiliğin ilk yıllarına kadar uzanır; öyle ki, Hristiyanlığı kuran ilk Yahudilerden, Hristiyanlığa da geçmiştir (Hristiyan Kabala). Yahudilik içindeki mistik dinî yorumların temelini oluşturur. Yahudi Kabalalar, değişmeyen, sonsuz ve ebedi Tanrı'ları Yehova'nın gizemi Ein Sof'u (אֵין סוֹף; anlamı "Sonsuz") ve ölümlü, sonu olan Evren'in arasındaki ilişkiyi felsefî bir şekilde araştıran bir dizi ezoterik Yahudi öğretileridir.

Etimoloji
Kabala (קַבָּלָה), "alma, kabul etme" anlamına gelen "qibbel" kökünden gelir. Kelime Türkçeye muhtelif şekillerde transkrip edilebilir: Kabala, Kaballah, Kabalah, gibi.

Geçmiş

Kabala kaynakları
İnanışa göre, dört bin yıl önce Sefer Yetira'yı (Yaratılış Kitabı) yazan İbrahim ile başlayarak, Kabala hakkında birçok kitap yazılmıştır. Bir sonraki önemli kitap, MS 2. yüzyılda yazılmış olan Zohar kitabı'dır. Zohar'ı, ünlü 16. yüzyıl kabalisti Isaac Luria (Ha'ARI)'nin çalışmaları takip eder. Ve yirminci yüzyılda Kabalist 'ın çalışmaları ortaya çıkmıştır.

Aşlag'ın yazıları diğer Kabalistik kaynaklar gibi, üst dünyaların yapısını ve nasıl alçaldıklarını, evrenimizin ve onun içindeki her şeyin nasıl var olduğunu betimlerler. Yehuda Aşlag'ın "Talmud Eser Sefirot" (On Sefirot Çalışması) adlı ders kitabı, sorular, cevaplar, tekrar materyalleri ve açıklamalar içeren bir çalışma yardımcısı olarak tasarlanmıştır. Bu kitabın manevi âlemdeki evreni yöneten kanunları ve güçleri betimleyen, üst dünyaların fiziği olduğuna ve öğrencileri aşamalı olarak dönüştürdüğüne inanılır. Çünkü kişi manevi dünyayı nasıl deneyimleyeceğini ararken, kendisini ders kitabında yazan manevi kanunlara aşamalı olarak adapte eder.

Kabala öğretisi

Kabala öğretisi, herhangi soyut bir şey ile uğraşmaz, sadece insanın nasıl yaratıldığı ve daha yüksek varoluş seviyelerinde nasıl faaliyette bulunduğu ile uğraşır.

Kabala bilgeliğin manevi dünyaya çalışmak için bir araç olduğuna inanılır. Dünyamızı keşfetmek için, fizik, kimya, biyoloji gibi bilimleri kullanırız. Bu bilimler beş duyumuzla algıladığımız fiziksel dünyaya çalışır. İçinde yaşadığımız dünyayı bütünüyle anlamak için, duyularımızın algılayamadığı gizli alemi keşfedebilecek bir araştırma aracına ihtiyacımız vardır.

Kabala bilgeliğine göre realite iki güç veya nitelikten oluşur: alma arzusu ve ihsan etme (vermek) arzusu. İhsan etme arzusu vermek istediği için bir alma arzusu yaratır, bu nedenle daha yaygın biçimde kullanılan adı 'Yaratan'dır. Bu yüzden inanca göre tüm yaratılış bu alma arzusunun tezahür(görünüm)leridir. Kabala sadece yaratılışın tasarımını öğretmez, aynı zamanda realitenin her şeye gücü yeten ve her şeyi bilen başlangıçtaki tasarlayanı gibi, nasıl tasarlayanlar olunabileceğini öğretir.

Ayrıca bakınız
Kabalacılık

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Otantik Kabala kaynakları: Kabala Eğitim ve Araştırma Enstitüsü

Dinî mitoslar

Kabala


Martín Sánchez ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Martín Sánchez (Fußballspieler), argentinischer Fußballspieler
 Martín Sánchez (Boxer) (1979–2005), mexikanischer Boxer
 Martín Ruipérez Sánchez (1923–2015), spanischer Gräzist und Sprachwissenschaftler

Martín Sánchez ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Javier Martín Sánchez (* 1975), andorranischer Fußballspieler

Martín Sánchez


Drumul expres M0 este o centură de ocolire în jurul Budapestei, capitala Ungariei. Centura leagă autostrăzile M1, M7, M6, M5, M4, M3 și M2, și se conectează la Autostrada M11. Întreaga lungime planificată a centurii este de aproximativ 108 km. În 2013, 78 de kilometri din cei 108 planificați au fost finalizați.

Intersecții, ieșiri și zone de odihnă

Referințe

Legături externe
Fotografii a podurilor din Budapesta

Autostrăzi din Ungaria

Drumul expres M0 (Ungaria)


Der Lord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act ist ein US-Gesetz, das 2010 von der Obama-Regierung mit dem Ziel initiiert wurde, den Anführer der Lord's Resistance Army, Joseph Kony, zu töten oder gefangen zu nehmen und seine Truppen zu zerschlagen.

Präsident Obama sagte dazu

Im Oktober 2011 verkündete Obama, dass er 100 Militärberater nach Uganda, Südsudan, die Zentralafrikanische Republik und die Demokratische Republik Kongo schicken werde, um den regionalen Streitkräften bei der "Beseitigung Joseph Konys vom Schlachtfeld" zu unterstützen. Allerdings wurden die Soldaten nicht bevollmächtigt, Waffengewalt anzuwenden.

Resonanz
Menschenrechtler berichteten, dass sowohl die ugandische Armee, als auch die ehemalige Sudan People's Liberation Army, die den Hauptteil der heutigen Streitkräfte des Südsudan bilden, Kindersoldaten unterhielten. Einige kritisierten, dass die Vereinigten Staaten so indirekt Länder unterstützen, denen die Beschäftigung von Kindersoldaten vorgeworfen werden.

Jo Becker, Kinderrechts-Anwalt von Human Rights Watch, sagte dazu:

Darüber hinaus wird den Regierungstruppen aus Uganda und seinen Nachbarländern ebenso Menschenrechtsverletzungen, wie Angriffe gegen Zivilisten, den Einsatz von Kindersoldaten und Plünderungen von Häusern und Geschäften vorgeworfen. Auf der anderen Seite, so begrüßte Human Rights Watch Executive Director Kenneth Roth die Bemühungen der USA, "Kriegsverbrecher in Afrika" vor Gericht zu bringen und ergänzte:

Einige Beobachter vermuten, die Unterstützung Ugandas könnte ein Ausgleich für die Hilfe der ugandischen Armee in Somalia sein.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Lord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act of 2009 Gesetzestext auf "THOMAS at the Library of Congress"

Rechtsquelle (Vereinigte Staaten)
Politik 2010
Beziehungen zwischen Uganda und den Vereinigten Staaten
Rechtsquelle (21. Jahrhundert)

Lord’s Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act


Olaylar
 1539 - I. Süleyman'ın kızı Mihrimah Sultan, Kubbe Veziri Rüstem Paşa ile evlendi. Düğün 26 Kasım 1539 gününe dek sürdü.
 1889 - Washington, 42. eyalet olarak ABD'ye katıldı.
 1914 - Osmanlı Devleti, I. Dünya Savaşı'nda İtilaf Devletleri'ne savaş ilan etti.
 1918 - Alman İmparatorluğu ile İtilaf Devletleri'nin ateşkes imzalamasıyla, I. Dünya Savaşı sona erdi.
 1918 - Polonya'nın Bağımsızlık Günü; Polonya toprakları 123 yıl sonra tekrar bir araya geldi.
 1923 - Münih'te, "Birahane Darbesi" başarısızlığa uğrayan Adolf Hitler tutuklandı.
 1926 - ABD'de ülkeyi boydan boya kateden, şarkılara bile konu olmuş ünlü karayolu U.S. Route 66 açıldı.
 1938 - TBMM, İsmet İnönü'yü oy birliğiyle Cumhurbaşkanı seçti.
 1940 - İngiliz Donanması'na bağlı uçaklar, Taranto limanındaki İtalyan Donanması'na saldırdı.
 1947 - Türkiye, Uluslararası Para Fonu'na (IMF) üye oldu.
 1951 - Juan Peron yeniden Arjantin Devlet Başkanı seçildi.
 1959 - Akis Dergisi yazarları Kurtul Altuğ ve Doğan Avcıoğlu, İran Şahı Rıza Pehlevi'ye yayın yoluyla hakaret etmekten 3 ay on beşer gün hapse mahkûm oldular.
 1965 - Afrika'daki son Birleşik Krallık sömürgesi Rodezya, bağımsızlığını ilan etti.
 1966 - NASA, Gemini 12 uzay aracını fırlattı.
 1970 - İnsanlığa Karşı Savaş Suçlarının Zamanaşımına Uğramazlığı Avrupa Sözleşmesi yürürlüğe girdi. Türkiye bu sözleşmeyi onaylamadı.
 1973 - İsrail ile Mısır ateşkes imzaladı.
 1975 - Angola Halk Cumhuriyeti kuruldu. Angola, Portekiz'in sömürgesiydi.
 1976 - Türkiye ile Sovyetler Birliği arasında 10 yıl süreyle elektrik alışverişini düzenleyen anlaşma imzalandı.
 1987 - Van Gogh'un "İrisler" tablosu, New York'ta 53,9 milyon dolara satıldı.
 1996 - Millî Piyango İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü, şans oyunu Sayısal Lotoyu başlattı.
 2001 - Türkiye Komünist Partisi, Yalçın Küçük ve Metin Çulhaoğlu tarafından kuruldu.

Doğumlar
 1050 - IV. Heinrich, Almanya Kralı 1056 yılından sonra ve Kutsal Roma İmparatoru 1084 yılından 1105 yılına kadar (ö. 1106)
 1154 - I. Sancho, 6 Aralık 1185 ile 26 Mart 1211 tarihleri arasında hüküm süren Portekiz kralı (ö. 1211)
 1220 - Alphonse de Poitiers, Poitiers ve Toulouse kontu (ö. 1271)
 1474 - Bartolomé de las Casas, Dominikan rahibi, piskopos ve uluslararası hukuk ve insan hakları normlarının ilk savunucularından biri (ö. 1556)
 1493 - Paracelsus, İsviçreli hekim, simyager, botanikçi ve astrolog (ö. 1541)
 1512 - Marcin Krome, Polonyalı haritacı, diplomat ve tarihçi (ö. 1589)
 1599 - Maria Eleonora, İsveç kraliçesi (ö. 1655)
 1653 - Carlo Ruzzini, Venedikli devlet adamı ve diplomat (ö. 1735)
 1743 - Carl Peter Thunberg, İsveçli doğa bilimci (ö. 1828)
 1748 - IV. Carlos, İspanya Kralı (ö. 1819)
 1815 - Anne Lynch Botta, Amerikalı şair, yazar ve öğretmen (ö. 1891)
 1818 - Abdüllatif Suphi Paşa, Osmanlı devlet adamı, yazar (ö. 1886)
 1821 - Dostoyevski, Rus yazar (ö. 1881)
 1855 - Stevan Sremac, Sırp realist ve komedi yazarı (ö. 1906)
 1863 - Paul Signac, Fransız neo-empresyonist ressam (ö. 1935)
 1864 - Alfred Hermann Fried, Avusturyalı Yahudi pasifist, yayıncı, gazeteci Nobel Barış Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1921)
 1869 - III. Vittorio Emanuele, 1900-1946 arasında İtalya kralı (ö. 1947)
 1875 - Vesto Slipher, Amerikalı astronom (ö. 1969)
 1882 - VI. Gustaf Adolf, İsveç Kralı (ö. 1973)
 1885 - George S. Patton, Amerikalı asker (ö. 1945)
 1888 - Ebul Kelam Azad, Hint Müslüman bilgin ve Hint bağımsızlık hareketinin üst düzey siyasi lideri (ö. 1958)
 1897 - Sıddık Sami Onar, Türk hukukçu (ö. 1972)
 1898 - René Clair, Fransız yönetmen ve senarist (ö. 1981)
 1901 - Magda Goebbels, Joseph Goebbels'in eşi (ö. 1945)
 1911 - Roberto Matta, Şilili ressam (ö. 2002)
 1914 - Howard Fast, Amerikalı yazar (ö. 2003)
 1918 - Stubby Kaye, Amerikalı komedyen, oyuncu ve seslendirme sanatçısı (ö. 1997)
 1922 - Kurt Vonnegut Jr., Amerikalı humanist yazar (ö. 2007)
 1925 - John Guillermin, İngiliz film yönetmeni (ö. 2015)
 1925 - June Whitfield, İngiliz tiyatro, sinema ve dizi oyuncusu (ö. 2018)
 1925 - Jonathan Winters, Amerikalı yazar (ö. 2013)
 1926 - Noah Gordon, Amerikalı yazar
 1926 - Maria Teresa de Filippis, İtalyan otomobil yarışçısı (ö. 2016)
 1928 - Ernestine Anderson, Amerikalı jazz ve blues şarkıcısı (ö. 2016)
 1928 - Carlos Fuentes Macías, Meksikalı yazar (ö. 2012)
 1929 - Altan Erbulak Türk karikatürist, oyuncu ve gazeteci (ö. 1988)
 1929 - Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Alman yazar, şair, çevirmen ve editör (ö.2022)
 1930 - Mildred Dresselhaus, Amerikalı fizik ve elektrik elektronik mühendisliği alanlarında profesör (ö. 2017)
 1935 - Oliver Batali Albino, Güney Sudanlı politikacı (ö. 2020)
 1935 - Bibi Andersson, İsveçli aktris (ö. 2019)
 1937 - Alicia Ostriker, Amerikalı feminist şair
 1938 - Nancy Coover Andreasen, Amerikalı nörobilimci
 1944 - Kemal Sunal, Türk sinema ve tiyatro oyuncusu (ö. 2000)
 1945 - Daniel Ortega, Nikaragua Devlet Başkanı ve Sandinista Ulusal Kurtuluş Cephesi lideri
 1948 - Vincent Schiavelli, Amerikalı oyuncu (ö. 2005)
 1951 - Kim Peek, Amerikalı savant (ö. 2009)
 1951 - Fuzzy Zoeller, Amerikalı golfçü
 1955 - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Bhutanlı hükûmdar
 1957 - Hasan Küçükakyüz, Türk asker ve Türk Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanı
 1960 - Stanley Tucci, Amerikalı oyuncu, senarist, yapımcı ve yönetmen
 1962 - Demi Moore, Amerikalı sinema oyuncusu
 1963 - Billy Gunn, Amerikalı profesyonel güreşçi
 1964 - Margarete Bagshaw, Amerikalı sanatçı (ö. 2015)
 1964 - Calista Flockhart, ABD asıllı oyuncu ve tiyatro sanatçısı
 1965 - Max Mutchnick, Amerikalı televizyon yapımcısı
 1966 - Benedicta Boccoli, İtalyan oyuncu ve yönetmen
 1966 - Vince Colosimo, İtalyan asıllı Avustralyalı oyuncu
 1967 - Frank John Hughes, Amerikalı film ve televizyon oyuncusu
 1971 - İpek Tuzcuoğlu, Türk sinema ve dizi oyuncusu
 1972 - Adam Beach, Kanadalı oyuncu
 1973 - Şevval Sam, Türk şarkıcı ve oyuncu
 1973 - Jason White, Amerikalı müzisyen
 1974 - Leonardo DiCaprio, Amerikalı sinema oyuncusu ve Oscar ödülü sahibi
 1974 - Static Major, Amerikalı rapçi, şarkıcı ve şarkı sözü yazarı (ö. 2008)
 1977 - Maniche, Portekizli millî futbolcu ve teknik direktör
 1977 - Andrea Roche, İrlandalı manken
 1978 - Lüdmila Radçenko, Rus aktris ve ressam
 1981 - Didem Özkavukçu, Türk sinema, tiyatro ve dizi oyuncusu
 1981 - Sarp Apak, Türk oyuncu
 1983 - Philipp Lahm, Alman futbolcu
 1983 - Arouna Koné, Fildişi Sahilli futbolcu
 1984 - Kennedy Mweene, Zambiyalı futbolcu
 1984 - Birkir Már Sævarsson, İzlandalı millî futbolcu
 1988 - David Depetris, Slovak futbolcu
 1988 - Mikako Komatsu, Japon seslendirme sanatçısı ve şarkıcı
 1988 - Kyle Naughton, İngiliz futbolcu
 1988 - Jordan Yéyé, Fransız futbolcu
 1990 - Tom Dumoulin, Hollandalı yol bisikleti yarışçısı
 1990 - Georginio Wijnaldum, Hollandalı futbolcu
 1993 - Jamaal Lascelles, İngiliz futbolcu
 1994 - Eleanor Simmonds, Britanyalı paralimpik yüzücü

Ölümler

 683 - I. Yezîd, Emevîlerin ikinci halifesi (d. 646)
 865 - Petronas, Bizans generali ve önde gelen aristokratı
 1028 - VIII. Konstantinos, 1025-1028 yılları arasında ise tek başına tahtta kalan Bizans imparatoru (d. 960)
 1189 - II. Guglielmo, 1166 ile 1189 yılları arası Sicilya Kralı (d. 1153)
 1855 - Søren Kierkegaard, Danimarkalı filozof ve teolog (d. 1813)
 1887 - Adolph Fischer, Alman anarşist ve işçi birliği aktivisti (d. 1858)
 1908 - Paul Horn, Alman filolog (d. 1863)
 1918 - Victor Adler, Avusturyalı sosyalist (d. 1852)
 1919 - Pavel Çistyakov, Rus ressam ve sanat öğretmeni (d. 1832)
 1938 - Mary Mallon, Amerikalı ilk sağlıklı tifo mikrobu konakçısı (d. 1869)
 1940 - Muhittin Akyüz, Türk asker, diplomat ve siyasetçi (d. 1870)
 1944 - Münir Ertegün, Türk diplomat ve Türkiye'nin Washington, DC Büyükelçisi (d. 1883)
 1945 - Jerome Kern, Amerikalı müzikal tiyatro ve popüler müzik bestecisi (d. 1885)
 1950 - Alexandros Diomedes, Yunanistan başbakanı (d. 1875)
 1961 - Behiç Erkin, Türk asker, siyasetçi ve diplomat (d. 1876)
 1973 - Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finlandiyalı kimyager (d. 1895)
 1975 - Mina Witkojc, Alman yazar (d. 1893)
 1976 - Alexander Calder, Amerikalı heykeltıraş ve ressam (d. 1898)
 1979 - Dimitri Tiomkin, Ukrayna asıllı besteci ve En İyi Özgün Müzik Akademi Ödülü sahibi (d. 1894)
 1986 - Fahri Erdinç, Türk edebiyatçı ve şair (d. 1917)
 1987 - Mustafa Adil Özder, Türk folklor araştırmacısı, yazar ve şair (d. 1907)
 1990 - Sadi Irmak, Türk tıp doktoru, siyasetçi ve Başbakan (d. 1904)
 1990 - Yannis Ritsos, Yunan şair (d. 1909)
 1997 - Özcan Başkan, Türk akademisyen, dil bilimci ve yazar (d. 1929)
 2004 - Yaser Arafat, Filistin lideri ve Nobel Barış Ödülü sahibi (d. 1929)
 2005 - Mustafa Akkad, Suriye asıllı Amerikalı yönetmen (d. 1930)
 2005 - Peter F. Drucker, Avusturyalı yönetim bilimci, yazar ve sanatçı (d. 1909)
 2006 - Anicée Alvina, Fransız oyuncu (d. 1953)
 2007 - Delbert Mann, Amerikalı yönetmen (d. 1920)
 2007 - Ziya Ramoğlu, Türk karikatürist, ressam ve fotoğrafçı (d. 1932)
 2008 - Mustafa Şekip Birgöl, Türk asker ve İstiklal Savaşı'nın yaşayan son gazisi (d. 1903)
 2009 - Hikmet Şahin, Türk İş insanı, siyasetçi ve eski Bursa Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı (d. 1950)
 2010 - Mehmet Gülcegün, Türk siyasetçi (d. 1947)
 2011 - İstemi Betil, Türk sinema, tiyatro, TV dizileri oyuncusu ve seslendirme sanatçısı (d. 1943)
 2012 - Kemal Ermetin, Türk yayımcı ve yazar (d. 1956)
 2013 - Atilla Karaosmanoğlu, Türk siyasetçi (d. 1932)
 2014 - Carol Ann Susi, Amerikalı aktris (d. 1952)
 2014 - Vügar Haşimov, Azeri satranç oyuncusu (d. 1986)
 2016 - Ilse Aichinger, Avusturyalı yazar (d. 1921)
 2016 - Victor Bailey, Amerikalı bas gitarist ve müzisyen (d. 1960)
 2016 - Türkî bin Abdülaziz el-Suud, Suudi Arabistanlı Kraliyet ailesi üyesi prens ve iş insanı (d. 1932)
 2016 - Robert Vaughn, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1932)
 2018 - Olga Harmony, Meksikalı oyun yazarı ve eğitimci (d. 1928)
 2018 - Wayne Maunder, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1937)
 2018 - Douglas Rain, Kanadalı oyuncu ve seslendirme sanatçısı (d. 1928)
 2019 - Bad Azz, Rap şarkıcısı, oyuncu ve müzisyen (d. 1975)
 2019 - Winston Lackin, Surinamlı siyasetçi (d. 1954)
 2019 - James Le Mesurier, Eski İngiliz istihbaratçı asker ve sivil toplum görevlisi aktivist (d. 1971)
 2019 - Mümtaz Soysal, Türk akademisyen ve siyasetçi (d. 1929)
 2019 - Edward Zacca, Jamaikalı yüksek hâkim ve siyasetçi (d. 1931)
 2020 - Mongameli Bobani, Güney Afrikalı siyasetçi ve hukukçu (d. 1968)
 2020 - Carlos Campos, Şilili eski millî futbolcu (d. 1937)
 2020 - Justin Cronin, Amerikalı siyasetçi (d. 1980)
 2020 - Halife bin Selman el-Halife, Bahreyn kraliyet ailesi üyesi ve siyasetçi (d. 1935)
 2020 - Giuliana Chenal-Minuzzo, İtalyan kadın kayakçı (d. 1931)
 2020 - Michel Mongeau, Kanadalı aktör ve radyocu (d. 1946)
 2021 - F.W. de Klerk, Güney Afrikalı politikacı ve Nobel Barış Ödülü sahibi (d. 1936)
 2021 - Glen de Vries, Amerikalı iş adamı (d. 1972)
 2021 - Aga Mikolaj, Polonyalı opera sanatçısı (d. 1971)
 2022 - John Aniston, Yunan asıllı Amerikalı aktör (d. 1933)
 2022 - Ian Campbell, İskoç kökenli Şilili ragbi birliği futbolcusu (d. 1928)
 2022 - Gallagher, Amerikalı komedyen ve oyuncu (d. 1946)
 2022 - Siddhaanth Vir Surryavanshi, Hintli bir televizyon oyuncusuydu (d. 1975)
 2022 - Sven-Bertil Taube, İsveçli şarkıcı ve aktör (d. 1934)

Tatiller ve özel günler
 Polonya Bağımsızlık Günü
 Anma Günü

1111
11

11 Kasım


Sri Lanka Planning Service (SLPS)විශාල පෙළ

1. Backgroundවිශාල පෙළ

Sri Lanka Planning Service was established in 1985 by the Government of Sri Lanka as an All Island Service. The major goal of the establishment of the planning service is to form a professional service in the country which is specialized in policy formulation, planning, and implementation of development programs, to accelerate Sri Lanka's economic growth and social progress.

2. Major responsibilities[1]විශාල පෙළ

The major responsibilities of the officers of the Sri Lanka Planning Service are the formulation of strategies and their implementation, planning and implementation, operation and evaluation of policies/plans/ programs/projects, required for the socio-economic development of the country.

3. Method of Recruitment[2]විශාල පෙළ

3.1 Open Recruitment
  3.1.1 Recruitment Grade: Sri Lanka Planning Service – Grade III
  3.1.2 Qualifications
    Possession of a degree with first class or second class obtained from a University recognized by the University Grants Commission
                                                                    OR
    Possession of a degree from a university recognized by the University Grants Commission or postgraduate Diploma with course duration of
    not less than one year awarded by a University recognized by the University Grants Commission or a Training Institute established by a
    Parliamentary Act.

3.2 Limited Recruitment
  3.2.1 Recruitment Grade: Sri Lanka Planning Service - Grade III
  3.2.2. Qualifications
    Possession of a degree from a university recognized by the University Grants Commission
                                                                    AND
    Should have completed not less than five years of uninterrupted, permanent and satisfactory period of service in a permanent post in
    Government or Local Government Service which carries a salary scale of MN-1-2006(A) or above

4. The Cadreවිශාල පෙළ

     Special Grade - 69
     Grade I       - 195
     Grade II      - 14
     Grade III     - 670
[3]

 Sri Lanka Planning Service Minute
 Sri Lanka Planning Service Minute
 http://www.pubad.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=159&Itemid=285&lang=en

Sri Lanka Planning Service


Frank E. Peretti (Lethbridge, Alberta, Kanada, 13. siječnja 1951.) suvremeni je američki pisac romana kršćanske tematike.

Do 2012. njegove su knjige diljem svijeta prodane u više od 15 milijuna primjeraka.
Njegove su najpoznatije knjige This Present Darkness (1986.) i Piercing the Darkness (1989.). Potonja je na hrvatski prevedena kao Prodor u svijet tame i objavljena 1998. Perettijeva radio-drama Tilly koju je kasnije uobličio u roman o temi pobačaja, prevedena je 1997. na hrvatski pod naslovom Tončica.

Izvori

Američki književnici

Frank E. Peretti


Wolfmother este o trupă rock din Erskineville, o suburbie a orașului Sydney, Australia. Muzica lor este adesea descrisă ca Stoner rock. Stilul este legat de trupe ca Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, AC/DC, Aerosmith, Deep Purple si Black Crowes.

Discografie

Albume

Singles

Music video
 Mind's Eye (2005)
 White Unicorn (2006)
 Dimension (2006)
 Woman (2006)
 Love Train (2006)
 Joker and the Thief (2006)
 Please Experience Wolfmother Live (Live-DVD, 2007)
 New Moon Rising (2009)
 White Feather (2009)
 Far Away (2010)
 Victorious (2016)

Trivia
In ultimele cinci filme ale regizorului  Todd Phillips, este de auzit un cântec de-al trupei Wolfmother.

 Dimension (2006)
 Joker & The Thief (2009)
 New Moon Rising (2010)
 Love Train (2011)
 Apple Tree (2013)

Note

Legături externe

Offizielle Website (engleză)

Formații stoner rock
Formații australiene
Câștigătorii premiilor Grammy

Wolfmother


Chettle House est un manoir de campagne classé Grade I avec une architecture de style Queen Anne à Chettle, North Dorset, Angleterre, à environ  au nord-est de la ville de Blandford Forum.

Histoire

Il est construit en 1710 pour , selon les plans de l'architecte   par William et Francis Smith de Warwick .

Le manoir est acheté par le banquier William Castleman en 1846, qui, avec son fils avocat Charles Castleman, construit le premier chemin de fer dans le Dorset en 1845-1847 (le Southampton and Dorchester Railway, connu sous le nom de "Castleman's Corkscrew" en raison de son itinéraire sinueux) . À cette époque, la maison "était une ruine utilisée pour stocker le grain, sans sols, plafonds ou cheminées", selon un rapport de 2019 . Lors des rénovations, la famille modifie une partie de l'aménagement intérieur; avec l'abaissement des ailes nord et sud .

Pevsner l'appelle "la prunelle parmi les maisons du Dorset du début du , et même exceptionnelle à l'échelle nationale en tant que spécimen du baroque anglais" .

En 1946, Esther Bourke hérite de la propriété  et la convertit en une série d'appartements . En 2010, la propriété appartient toujours à la famille Bourke, qui est également propriétaire de longue date de toute la communauté dans une forme de « féodalisme bienveillant ».

En mai 2015, le manoir est mis en vente à un prix indicatif de 3,95 millions de livres sterling, et bientôt vendu, "réputé pour plus de 50% au-dessus du prix indicatif", et est décrit par Country Life comme "sans doute, la vente de maison de campagne de 2015" .

À la fin de 2020, les propriétaires, Tom et Rosamond Sweet-Escott, reçoivent un prix du Georgian Group l'année précédente pour la restauration qu'ils ont achevée, sous la direction de Hugh Petter .

Références

Liens externes

Architecture baroque en Angleterre
Monument classé de Grade I dans le Dorset

Chettle House


Bağımsızlık savaşı, bir milletin ve toplumun, nüfusu tarafından erkince yönetilebilme ve  egemenlik haklarını kazanmak için himayesi altında oldukları bir millet veya bir devlete karşı başlatılan mücadele.

Tarihte birçok kurtuluş/bağımsızlık savaşı vardır. En çok bilinenleri sıralamak gerekirse:

 Türkiye
 Azerbaycan
 Brezilya
 Angola
 Bangladeş
 Cezayir
 Estonya
 Endonezya
 Finlandiya
 Hırvatistan
 Kolombiya
 Küba
 Litvanya
 Romanya
 Yunanistan
 ABD
 Çerkesya
 Abhazya
 Güney Amerika

Bağımsızlık savaşı


Ascari Cars Ltd., merkezi İngiltere'nin Banbury şehrinde bulunan bir Otomobil üreticisi. İsmini ilk kez iki kere Formula 1 şamiyonu olan Alberto Ascari'den(1918-1955)almıştır. Ascari Araba üretmenin yanı sıra Race Resort Ascari adlı bir yarış pisti işletmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar

 Ascari İngilizce sitesi

Otomobil üreticileri
İngiltere merkezli otomotiv şirketleri
Otomobil markaları

Ascari


Jimmy Robertson (Bexhill-on-Sea, 3 de maio de 1986) é um jogador inglês de snooker. É jogador profissional de snooker desde 2002, e de forma contínua, desde 2009.

Em outubro de 2018, Robertson conquistou seu primeiro título em evento pontuável para o ranking mundial no Masters Europeu () em Lommel, na Bélgica, derrotando o compatriota Joe Perry por 9–6 na final, apesar de até então nunca ter passado das quartas de final de uma prova do ranking.

Finais na carreira

Ver também
 European Masters

Jogadores de snooker da Inglaterra

Jimmy Robertson (jogador de snooker)


The following is a list of subcamps of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp established by Nazi Germany. The main camp, with around 50 barracks for slave-labour prisoners, was located  from Berlin, and operated between 1938 and April 22, 1945. During World War II the prisoners included Germans, Poles, Soviet POWs, Roma, and later Jews. It is estimated that the number of victims of Sachsenhausen was 30,00035,000. Dozens of subcamps of Sachsenhausen existed directly in the capital city, serving individual business operators and factories.

Sub-camps
 Bad Saarow
 Beerfelde in Steinhöfel
 Berlin Arado-Werke (Preußen/Berlin, Arado-Werke/Flugzeugwerke)
 Berlin-Hakenfelde (Preußen/Berlin, Luftfahrtgerätewerk/Siemens), 1,000 women
 Berlin-Halensee (Preußen/Berlin, DEMAG)
 Berlin-Haselhorst Siemensstadt (Preußen/Berlin, Siemens/Schuckertwerke AG), 700 women
 Berlin-Haselhorst Siemensstadt (Preußen/Berlin, Siemens/Schuckertwerke AG), 1,400 men
 Berlin Kastanienallee (Preußen/Berlin, Waffen-SS), 150 men
 Berlin-Köpenick (Preußen/Berlin, Kabelwerk Oberspree der AEG), 1,200 women
 Berlin-Köpenick (Preußen/Berlin, Kabelwerk Oberspree der AEG), men
 Berlin-Lichtenrade (Preußen/Berlin, Luftschutzbauten / Feuerlöschteichen), men
 Berlin-Lichterfelde (Preußen/Berlin, Reichssicherheitshauptamt), 1,500 men
 Berlin-Mariendorf (Preußen/Berlin, Maschinenbau-Henschel), 650 women
 Berlin-Marienfelde
 Berlin-Moabit
 Berlin-Moabit (Friedrich-Krause-Ufer)
 Berlin-Müggelheim
 Berlin-Neukölln
 Berlin-Niederschöneweide
 Berlin-Reinickendorf
 Berlin-Spandau
 Berlin-Südende
 Berlin-Tegel
 Berlin-Tegel
 Berlin-Wilmersdorf
 Berlin-Wilmersdorf (Kommandoamt der Waffen-SS)
 Berlin-Zehlendorf
 Berlin-Zehlendorf
 Bernau bei Berlin
 Biesenthal
 Börnicke in Nauen
 Brandenburg an der Havel
 Brüx
 Döberitz in Dallgow-Döberitz
 Drögen-Niendorf

 Falkenhagen in Falkensee
 Fürstenwalde
 Fasterweide (?)
 Genshagen in Ludwigsfelde
 Glau in Trebbin
 Groß Rosen (initially a subcamp, became its own camp in 1941)
 Hohenlychen in Lychen
 Karlsruhe in Plattenburg
 Kleinmachnow
 Königs Wusterhausen
 Kolpin
 Küstrin
 Lieberose
 Lübben

 Müggelheim in Berlin
 Neubrandenburg
 Neudamm
 KZ Neuengamme (initially a subcamp, became its own camp in 1940)
 Oranienburg (early camp, replaced by KZ Sachsenhausen; re-established in 1943)
 Pölitz
 Prettin
 Rathenow
 Riga
 Schönwalde-Glien
 Schwarzheide
 Senftenberg
 Storkow
 Stuttgart
 Syrets (near Babi Yar, Kyiv; intended to be a subcamp)
 Tettenborn
 Treuenbrietzen (was a subcamp of Ravensbrück until 1944)

 Usedom (Peenemünde, V-2 rocket production plant)
 Werder
 Wewelsburg (initially a subcamp, became its own camp in 1941, then became a subcamp of Buchenwald in 1943)
 Wittenberg
Construction labor commandos that detained Poles
 Baubrigade 1
 Baubrigade 8
 Baubrigade 9
 Baubrigade 10
 Baubrigade 12
 Baubrigade I
 Baubrigade II
 Baubrigade V
 Baubrigade XIII

See also
 List of Nazi-German concentration camps
 Subcamp (SS)

References

Sachsenhausen

Subcamps of Nazi concentration camps

List of subcamps of Sachsenhausen


Bubba the Love Sponge Clem (born Todd Alan Clem, April 23, 1966) is an American radio personality who hosts The Bubba the Love Sponge Show on the radio station WWBA in Tampa, Florida, and the subscription service Bubba Army Radio. He can also be heard on Florida Man Radio.

Early life
Todd Alan Clem was born on April 23, 1966, in Warsaw, Indiana. His father was a factory worker and his mother, Jane Edmond, a schoolbus driver and Warsaw city department head; he has a sister, Tara. Clem's parents divorced when he was young. In 1984, Clem graduated from Warsaw Community High School. He attended Indiana State University in Terre Haute, Indiana, with a plan to go into dentistry, but his best friend Larry Plummer told him he was better suited to a radio career, and he dropped out in his second year. Clem had a position at the campus radio station WISU, but before he became a full-time disc jockey, he worked at a van conversion shop, where he laid down carpets. He coached football at his former high school.

Career

1986–1992: Early career
In 1986, Clem worked as a bouncer and driver at Jubilation nightclub, where he picked up radio DJ "Scary" Kerry Gray, of whom he was a fan, and took him to the club. Once there, Clem noticed people gravitating toward Gray. Gray gave Clem an on-air shift as an April Fool's Day joke on April 1, 1986, at WPFR-FM in Terre Haute as Rockin' Bubba Clem, a name someone else had suggested. Clem became Gray's intern, making studio visits, answering phone calls, and sitting in on the show. He accepted a position hosting weekends soon after, and began a part-time midday shift starting on Christmas Day in 1986. He became the station's managing director. At a fraternity party, Gray called Clem a "love sponge" after witnessing the female attention Clem received.

After WPFR, Clem had a stint at WGRD-FM in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He was fired on December 21, 1988, after a 13-year-old girl called into his show and Clem made sexual remarks about her. In 1989, Clem landed a spot at KTFM in San Antonio, Texas, where he was encouraged to trademark his air name and borrowed $5,000 from his parents to file a federal trademark for "Bubba the Love Sponge". He worked evenings at WBBM-FM in Chicago, followed by a stint at WIOQ in Philadelphia from March to June 1990. The station let him go as management thought his style was not what they were looking for. Clem took legal action, and received $75,000 from WIOQ.

Clem worked nights at WXXL in Orlando, Florida, where he averaged 53,000 regular listeners. He left the station in May 1991. In August 1991, he returned to Chicago on WYZT as the morning host, but the position lasted under three months before management rebranded the station. Clem then moved to WLUM-FM in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

1992–1996: WFLZ-FM Tampa
In September 1992, Clem started work from 7 to 11 p.m. at WFLZ-FM in Tampa, Florida, where his show gained popularity, particularly among teenagers. His first major contract signed during this time was worth $100,000 a year. Clem and WFLZ host Tom Steele were temporarily suspended to settle legal issues from their ongoing on-air feud.

Clem became involved in various business ventures. In December 1994, he invested $50,000 to open Sponges, an alcohol-free nightclub for teenagers in Largo, Florida. He opened a second Sponges in Spring Hill in 1995. He performed with his rap band Boyz Wit Da Bass there. Clem was involved in an endorsement deal with an Isuzu car dealership, the Bubba the Love Sponge Limousines service, a personalized paging service called the Air Bubba Beeping Network, and a premium-rate telephone line. In June 1995, Clem released an adult-oriented home video, Let Your Chia Run Wild, described as a "private collection of events documenting a lifestyle that some can only dream of" and featuring some nudity. Clem regretted his decision to release it, and WFLZ requested Clem cease its distribution. In April 1996, he opened Bubba's Beach Club, a dance club and nightspot in Ybor City. In September 1996, Clem quit WFLZ.

1996–2004: WXTB Tampa
Clem decided to remain in Tampa, partly because he had other business ventures there. He started a morning show at WXTB in December 1996, and continued to host a pre-recorded show that was syndicated in six other cities, including Cincinnati, Toledo, Columbus, Louisville, Atlanta, and Jacksonville.

In June 1997, Jacor Communications was fined $4,000 for airing Clem's discussions of having sex with a lesbian couple on February 25. In October 1998, Citicasters, WXTB's owner, was fined $23,000 for various broadcasts, including one from May 1997 that included one of the crew describing their enema experience. This was followed by a $4,000 fine for a June 12, 1997, show that had a woman masturbating over the phone, and a $7,000 fine in 1999 for a May 28, 1998, segment that involved a caller ordering a sex doll.

By mid-1999, Clem had received four Billboard Personality of the Year awards. He was earning six figures and owned two nightclubs, one of them Planet Bubba in Spring Hill. His radio show crew included Mike "Cowhead" Calta, Mike "Manson" Waters, Whitey Pippen, Scotty the Body, Matt "Spiceboy" Loyd, Anita Wadd and Ned. In November 2000, Clem was a candidate to succeed the Pinellas County sheriff.

In January 2001, Clem's show entered national syndication on stations in Jacksonville, Orlando, Hartford, West Palm Beach, Ft. Myers, Wichita, Kansas, Shreveport, and Macon, Georgia.

In February 2002, Clem was faced with animal cruelty charges following the February 27, 2001, broadcast, which featured the Bubba's Road Kill Barbecue. The show involved the on-air castration and killing of a feral hog a hunter had captured in the station's parking lot, and sound effects of hogs feeding were broadcast to have listeners believe it was being harassed and aggravated. The hog was cooked and eaten by the crowd present. Clem, his executive producer Brent Hatley, and two others present were charged with felony animal cruelty. A jury acquitted them in March.

In January 2004, the FCC issued a $755,000 fine to Clear Channel Communications for objectionable comments from July 19, 2001. The fine consisted of the maximum $27,500 fine for each of the 26 stations that aired the segments, plus $40,000 for record-keeping violations. The segment involved sexual discussions among the cartoon characters Alvin and the Chipmunks, George Jetson, and Scooby-Doo, among others. Clem was fired on February 23. At the time he had the number one show in the Tampa area in the 18–54-year-old male demographic.

2004–2010: Hiatus and Sirius Satellite Radio
In July 2004, Clem announced he would run for Pinellas County sheriff again.

In September 2005, Howard Stern announced the hiring of Clem to host weekday afternoons on Howard 101, his second channel on Sirius Satellite Radio, a subscription-based satellite radio service exempt from FCC regulations. The show launched on January 9, 2006.

In 2008, Clem began to host two shows a day, which lasted one year. He and his crew aired an FCC-compliant show on WHPT in the morning, followed by the uncensored program on Sirius in the afternoon. In 2009, Sirius opted for just FM replays during the week and one live uncensored show on Friday afternoons. In December 2010, Clem did not renew his contract with Sirius, moving to RadioIO, an Internet radio service of which his agent Thomas Bean was CEO.

2008–2019: Return to terrestrial radio
Clem began broadcasting a live morning show from Tampa radio station WHPT 102.5 "The Bone" on January 8, 2008, which was simulcast on the Jacksonville radio station WFYV-FM 104.5 "Rock 105". During the second quarter of 2008, Bubba's show received a number one rating in the Tampa market; in 2015, the show's ratings came under investigation for possible Nielsen Ratings tampering. In December 2016 his show was canceled on his local Tampa station, WBRN.

In July 2019, it was announced that JVC Broadcasting would acquire WORL 660 AM in Greater Orlando (and its FM translator) for $900,000. As previous owner Salem is retaining rights to the WORL call letters; the WDYZ (AM) calls from a sister station were swapped to WORL. JVC announced that it planned to launch a new hot talk format on the station, Florida Man Radio, featuring Bubba the Love Sponge in the morning. Programming is also heard on a 250-watt FM translator, W288CJ at 105.5 FM.

2011–present: Bubba Army Radio

Clem announced on January 3, 2011, he would have an internet show on RadioIO and feature several programming features throughout the day starting on January 10, 2011. In August 2013 an audiotape was released on YouTube of Clem voicing a commercial for Vermont Teddy Bear. In the commercial Clem makes racist remarks; he denied being racist, saying, "I never said the word in that manner, ever." He believed the audio was leaked from "someone who had access to [his] world" and that audio bits were taken from recordings when he worked at Clear Channel. Clem's company, Bubba Radio Network, ordered the removal of the video from YouTube. It is now hosted on TMZ.

On February 13, 2017, WWBA became the new flagship station of Bubba the Love Sponge Show after WBRN dropped the show. The show also airs live on Twitch and on sister station WHBO.

In July 2019, co-host Mike "Manson" Waters, who also did the voice of Ned, left the show.

On August 23, 2019, Janessa Brazil joined the show as the new co-host. She left for family reasons on December 13, 2019.

At the start of 2020, Seth Kushner joined The Bubba The Love Sponge Show as a daily co-host, while 'Babyface' Brian Motroni, aka "Coronavirus Virus survivor", Dan Diaco, Jay Diaco and Steve Diaco make regular appearances throughout the week. Longtime contributor Lummox also makes daily appearances.

In February 2021, co-host Seth Kushner left the show.

Other ventures

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
On January 3, 2010, Bubba announced on his Twitter account that he had signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a backstage interviewer. He made his debut the following day on the special live, three-hour Monday night edition of TNA Impact!, participating in four short backstage segments.

On January 16, 2010, Clem tweeted about the 2010 Haiti earthquake, saying he had tired of hearing about relief efforts for the people of Haiti, writing, "Fuck Haiti", and calling the ensuing deaths of Haitians a "cleanse." He later apologized, but TNA management nonetheless temporarily removed him from the air.

On January 19, 2010, Clem claimed that he had been blindsided and physically assaulted by Awesome Kong while backstage for the taping of TNA Impact! the previous day. According to all three, the altercation was because of Clem's tweets about Haiti. On February 25, news broke that Awesome Kong had filed a lawsuit against Clem for an alleged threatening phone call. On The Cowhead Show, Clem confronted Kong.

Clem returned to TNA television as the personal interviewer of wrestling stable The Band, in late March, only to be fired from the company on April 30, 2010, as a result of the Cowhead Show incident.

Motorsports
In 2011, Clem and an investor group bought the 3/8 dirt oval Ocala Speedway, which they renamed Bubba Raceway Park.

Legal issues

Lawsuits
In October 2006, Clem was sued by pornographic film actress Hope Miller, known professionally as Brooke Skye. She alleged that while performing on a radio program together with porn actress Melissa Harrington, Harrington penetrated her with an oversized sex toy against her will at Clem's urging. In 2007, a judge turned down a request by Clem's attorneys to dismiss the lawsuit, indicating that there was enough evidence that Miller had a legitimate claim. The case was eventually voluntarily dismissed with prejudice.

In 2007, Clem was sued for defamation by competitor disc jockey Todd Schnitt over on-air remarks Clem made about Schnitt's family. A court ruled in Clem's favor, and Schnitt vowed to appeal. In March 2013, after 13 hours of negotiations, Clem settled with Schnitt.

In October 2015, Nielsen sued Clem for $1 million over allegations of tampering with the ratings system by offering to pay several Nielsen panelists to manipulate the ratings by saying they listened to his show more than they did. Clem admitted to paying one person to manipulate the ratings, but Nielsen claimed he influenced several. Clem's lawyer filed a motion asking that Nielsen's lawsuit be dismissed, but it was denied by a judge. After years of trial delays, Clem and Nielsen settled out of court on July 6, 2018.

Hulk Hogan sex tape

In early 2012, it was reported that Clem had secretly filmed his wife Heather Clem and Hulk Hogan having sex in his bedroom. On October 4, 2012, Gawker released a short clip of the video. In the clip, Clem can be heard saying that the couple can "do their thing" and he will be in his office. At the end of the video, Clem can be heard telling Heather, "If we ever need to retire, here is our ticket". Hogan filed a lawsuit against the Clems for invading his privacy on October 15, 2012. Clem settled the suit on October 29, 2012. Following the settlement, Clem publicly apologized to Hogan. Hogan sued Gawker Media for publishing the tape, and a jury of six awarded Hogan more than $140 million in March 2016. Gawker announced it would appeal as it was "disappointed" that the jury was unable to hear Clem's testimony, but ultimately settled with Hogan for $31 million in November 2016.

Personal life
In October 1998, Clem legally changed his name to Bubba the Love Sponge Clem. That year, he lost 148 pounds, going from 488 to 340. Clem does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs.

Clem has been married twice; his first marriage lasted 91 days. He said "things got sticky" after he wanted to make it in radio and had to develop in different cities and his wife preferred to stay in Terre Haute. In January 2007, Clem married Heather Cole at the First Baptist Church of St. Petersburg, Florida. Hulk Hogan was Clem's best man. The couple agreed to separate in March 2011, and Clem filed for divorce that September. Clem has a son from a previous relationship; Hogan is his godfather.

In 2012, Clem started a four-year relationship with Nicole L'Ange. In February 2017, she requested an order of protection against Clem, claiming he had abused her "emotionally and physically". Clem denied the allegations, and the case was settled out of court that March.

In June 2017, Clem put his St. Petersburg home up for sale.

References

1966 births
Living people
American radio personalities
Indiana State University alumni
Obscenity controversies
People acquitted of crimes
People from Warsaw, Indiana
Professional wrestling managers and valets
Professional wrestling announcers
Shock jocks

Bubba the Love Sponge


Pierre Werner (29 December 1913 – 24 June 2002) was a Luxembourgish politician in the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) who was the 18th Prime Minister from 1959 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1984.

Training and early activities

Pierre Werner was born in Saint-André-lez-Lille, Nord, France to parents from Luxembourg. He studied at the Cours Supérieurs de Luxembourg (a forerunner to the University of Luxembourg) from 1933 to 1934 and continued his higher education at the Law Faculty of the University of Paris and the École libre des sciences politiques from 1934 to 1937. In 1938, he completed a PhD in Law in Luxembourg. He was involved in several student organisations, becoming chairman of the Association of Catholic Students from 1935 to 1937 and vice-president of the Pax Romana movement (The International Movement for Intellectual and Cultural Affairs) in 1937.

In 1938 he became a lawyer in Luxembourg City, before becoming a banker instead. During the Nazi occupation of Luxembourg (1940–1945) Werner gave clandestine support to the resistance against the occupation forces. After World War II he became the Controller of the banking system in his country. He attended the Bretton Woods conference which set up the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Government
Werner was appointed as Finance Minister of Luxembourg in 1953, and was 19th and 21st Prime Minister from 1959 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1984. He also served as Minister for Culture.

As head of government, he governed in coalition with the Democratic Party (1959–1964), then the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (1964–1969), then the DP again (1969–1974). Werner and the CSV went into opposition for the first time since World War II from 1974 to 1979. When he returned to power, his last government was another coalition with the DP (1979–1984).

Werner was instrumental in solving the "empty chair" crisis provoked in 1965 by President Charles de Gaulle who, dissatisfied with the orientations of European integration at that time, had decided France would suspend its participation in meetings with other Member States; Werner persuaded France to resume its seat, thus re-enabling the decision-making process. In 1970, Werner was given the mandate by the heads of State or government to draft, with a group of experts, a blueprint for an economic and monetary union within the EEC. His report advocated gradual reforms, the irreversible fixing of exchange rates, and the introduction of a single currency within a decade. As it happened, the plan was not implemented at the time, due to internal political disagreements, and the oil crisis; however the "Werner Plan" was later revived and extended by Jacques Delors. Its principles were enshrined in the Treaty of Maastricht, paving the way for the single European currency, i.e. the euro.

As Prime Minister, Werner, a Christian Democrat, undertook the diversification of the national economy, hard hit by a major Europe-wide crisis in the steel industry, by attracting new industrial investments, as well as financial services to the Grand Duchy. He placed Luxembourg on the map of global satellite communications. He is remembered for having used "tripartite" social mediation (industry, labour and government) to overcome the severe steel crisis which lasted from 1979 to 1984.  He placed the process of European integration at the centre of the policy of his country. With friends such as Joseph Bech, Jean Monnet and Robert Schuman, Werner was a determined advocate of European integration. During his terms in office, he negotiated the relocation of several European institutions to Luxembourg.

The Pierre Werner Institute (Institut Pierre Werner, IPW) was created in Luxembourg in 2003 at the behest of the Foreign Ministers of France, Germany and Luxembourg (at the time, respectively Dominique de Villepin, Joschka Fischer and Lydie Polfer), the project having been fostered by Erna Hennicot-Schoepges, then Minister for Culture, Universities and Research in Luxembourg. IPW organises seminars and conferences aimed at promoting better understanding among the three founding countries, but also more widely throughout Europe.

Werner, a sponsor of culture and especially music, actively promoted the restoration of Luxembourg's heritage (e.g. Vianden Castle). A fan of cricket since living in London, the United Kingdom, in 1930, Werner was Honorary President of the Optimists Cricket Club, which he promoted during, between, and after his premierships. In his honour, Luxembourg's main cricket ground, the Pierre Werner Cricket Ground in Walferdange, is named after him.

Pierre Werner died on 24 June 2002, in Luxembourg City.

Political responsibilities

Pierre Werner served as 'President of the Government' (Prime Minister) from 1959 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1984.On each occasion this post was combined with several ministerial portfolios :

 1954–1959: Minister of Finance and Minister of the Armed Forces;
 1959–1964: President of the Government and Minister of Finance;
 1964–1967: President of the Government, Minister for the Treasury, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Minister for Justice;
 1967–1969: President of the Government, Minister for the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service;
 1969–1974: President of the Government, Minister for Finance;
 1979–1984: President of the Government.

Werner was a member of parliament and leader of the CSV from 1974 to 1979. During this period he was the leader of the parliamentary opposition. In 1979 the CSV won the parliamentary elections in Luxembourg.
At this time, Werner was also elected to the European Parliament but he chose not to sit as an MEP, to serve as President of the Government.

Other activities

After withdrawing from politics in 1984, Pierre Werner continued to assume some official duties and pursue cultural activities.
From 1985 to 1987, he was Chairman of the Governing Board of the Compagnie luxembourgeoise de télédiffusion (CLT, Radio Luxembourg). Werner placed Luxembourg on the map of global satellite communications.
From 1989 to 1996, he was Chairman of the board directors of the Société européenne des satellites, becoming Honorary chairman in 1996. During this last term of office, he had laid the ground for the establishment of this company. He worked hard both within Luxembourg  and abroad to realise his vision for a medium-power satellite in Luxembourg, enabling his country to become a forerunner in global satellite telecommunications.

Pierre Werner was also a member of the National Ethics Committee of Luxembourg.

See also
 List of prime ministers of Luxembourg
 Werner-Schaus Ministry I
 Werner-Cravatte Ministry
 Werner-Schaus Ministry II
 Werner-Thorn Ministry
 Werner-Flesch Ministry
 East-West United Bank
 Institut Monétaire Luxembourgeois

Notes and references

External links

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1913 births
2002 deaths
Politicians from Nord (French department)
Luxembourgian Roman Catholics
Christian Social People's Party politicians
Ministers for Defence of Luxembourg
Ministers for Finances of Luxembourg
Ministers for Justice of Luxembourg
Prime Ministers of Luxembourg
Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg
Sciences Po alumni
Bretton Woods Conference delegates
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

Pierre Werner


Rōnin (浪人, "flakkari" eða "ferðalangur") var samúræi án herra eða meistara á feudal tímabilinu (1185–1868) í Japan. Samúræi varð meistaralaus við andlát herra síns eða eftir að missi hylli eða forréttindi meistara síns. Í nútímalegri japönsku er hugtakið stundum notað til að lýsa launamanni sem er atvinnulaus eða fólk sem hafa klárað menntaskóla sem hefur ekki enn fengið inngöngu í háskóla.

Merking
Orðið rōnin bókstaflega þýðir "öldu manneskja". Það er málvenjubundið tjáning fyrir "flakkari" eða "ferðalangur", einhver sem á ekki heimili. það tilvitnaði í bændaánauð sem hafði flúði land meistara síns. Það varð síðan notað um Samúræa sem var meistaralaus (þar af leiðandi kemur hugtakið "öldu manneskja" sem sýnir þann sem er félagslega rekinn).

Tilvísanir

Sjá einnig
 Samúræi
 Ninja

Japanskir stríðsmenn

Rōnin


Aumühle er en kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Hohe Elbgeest under Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
I kommunen ligger ud over Aumühle landsbyerne Aumühle, Billenkamp og Friedrichsruh. Den ligger omkring 20 kilometer øst for Hamburg i Sachsenwald, der er det største skovområde i Slesvig-Holsten, og er rekreationsområde for Metropolregion Hamburg.

I Friedrichsruh, hvor Otto von Bismarck levede fra 1871 til hans død i 1898 er der nu et Bismarck-Museum med skrifter, porcelæn, gaver og beretninger om Bismarck og hans epoke. I nærheden af Museet ligger hans mausoleum.

Tysklands sidste rigspræsident og sidste storadmiral Karl Dönitz boede siden 1956 i Aumühle, og døde der i december 1980. Han er begravet på byens Waldfriedhof.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg

Aumühle


Liesl Löwinger, auch Lisl Löwinger; eigentlich Elisabeth Meinhard (* 11. Jänner 1918 in Graz, Steiermark; † 15. Oktober 1980 in Wien) war eine österreichische Volksschauspielerin und Komödiantin.

Leben
Elisabeth Meinhard hatte sich am Grazer Konservatorium ausbilden lassen und war über die Eheschließung mit dem Volksschauspieler Paul Löwinger 1938 zu der von ihm geleiteten, familieneigenen Theaterbühne gestoßen. Von kompakter Erscheinung, wurde Liesl Löwinger im Fach der 'drastischen Komikerin' eingesetzt. Auf der Bühne wie in Film- und Fernsehproduktionen verkörperte sie handfeste, bodenständige Frauen aus dem Volke mit stark älpischem Einschlag.

Ihre Charaktere hießen Mirzl, Zenzi, Kathi, Leni und Mitzi und sorgten mit ihrer derben Erscheinung und Handlungsweise regelmäßig für die Lacher. Nach zwei Jahrzehnten Tätigkeit vor der Kamera zog sich Liesl Löwinger 1970 ins Privatleben zurück und kümmerte sich fortan um ihre Familie. Aus der Ehe mit Paul Löwinger stammenden die Kinder Sissy, Guggi und Paul jun.

Filmografie
 1950: Der keusche Adam
 1951: Valentins Sündenfall
 1957: Lachendes Wien
 1960: Das Dorf ohne Moral
 1961: Das Mädchen mit dem Zucker
 1961: Autofahrer unterwegs
 1963: Ehestreik
 1966: Das Liab am Almsee
 1966: Alles in Ordnung
 1966: 00Sex am Wolfgangsee
 1967: Angelika schafft Ordnung
 1967: Der Heiratsgegner
 1968: Wenn der Hahn kräht
 1968: Der richtige Irrtum
 1969: Die Töchter Josefs
 1969: Der Schützenkönig
 1969: Liebe durch die Hintertür
 1969: St. Pauli in St. Peter
 1970: Die späte Heirat
 1970: Der Ehestreik

Weblinks

Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Österreicher
Geboren 1918
Gestorben 1980
Frau

Liesl Löwinger


Esenler, İstanbul'un 39 ilçesinden biridir. Kuzeydoğuda Sultangazi, doğuda Gaziosmanpaşa, Bayrampaşa ve Zeytinburnu, batıda Bağcılar ve Başakşehir, güneyde Güngören ilçeleriyle sınırdır. Esenler, 17 mahalleden oluşmaktadır ve yüzölçümü toplam 5.227 hektardır. Metris Cezaevi bu ilçede bulunmaktadır. Esenler bugünkü sınırlarına 2009 yılında Eski Habipler Mahallesini Sultangazi'ye vererek ulaşmıştır.

Esenler, çevresindeki ilçelerden farklı olarak, sanayi merkezi olmaktan çok bir yerleşim merkezi özelliğindedir. Esenler'i Davutpaşa yoluna bağlayan Ayazma yolu üzerindeki su kontrol kuyuları, şimdi Belediye oto garajı olarak kullanılan Üçyüzlü, Ayazma Çeşmesi, Su Terazisi ve garaj içinde yıkık vaziyette olan Kilise güzel bir mimari örnek olarak karşımıza çıkar. Esenler Merkez Camisi'nin karşısındaki Kilise kalıntısı restore edilerek günümüzde Dijital Kütüphane olarak hizmet vermektedir.

İstanbul surlarının yıkılmasından sonra bu bölge toprakları askeri bakımdan önem kazanmıştır. İlçe tarihinin İstanbul Tarihi içinde mütalaa edilmesi gerekir. İlçe tarihi eser bakımından zengin sayılmaz. Bizans ve Osmanlı dönemine ait çeşme, su kemeri, su terazisi ve sebil günümüze ulaşan tarihi yapılardır. Bu eserlerin de kitabeleri tahrip edildiği için yapım tarihleri hakkında bilgi vermek mümkün değildir. Bunlar: Avas kemeri, Atışalanı Çeşmesi, Atışalanı Sebili, Menderes Çeşmesi (Litros Ayazması), Yavuz Selim Çeşmesi ve Nene Hatun Çeşmesi.

Tarihçe
Bölge, Bizanslılardan kalma bir yerleşim alanıdır. Bu bölgenin en eski ahalisi Litros ve Avas adlarıyla kurulan köylerde yaşayan Rumlardır. Bu devirde ahali tarafından Aretai yani Faziletler Tepesi olarak da bilinirdi. Esenler veya Atışalanı Köyleri eski tarihlerde Bizans'ın şaşaalı devirlerinde İstanbul'un Türkler tarafından fethine kadar Bizans köyleri olup, Bizans İmparatorluğu'na türlü tarım ürünleri yetiştirerek ekonomik katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Osmanlı döneminde Mahmutbey nahiyesi içerisinde birer Rum yerleşim yeri olan Litros ve Avas köylerinin etnik yapısı, Lozan Antlaşması'yla değişmiştir. Cumhuriyet döneminde Rum kökenli halkın Yunanistan'a göç etmesiyle boşalan köylere, Doğu Makedonya'dan gelen mübadele göçmenlerini Türkler iskan ettirilmiştir. Uzun yıllar mübadele köyü konumunda kalan Litros ve Avas isimlerini 1930'lu yıllara kadar korumuştur. 1937-1940 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen değişiklikle Litros-Esenler, Avas-Atışalanı olarak Türkçeleştirilmiştir.

Belediye olma süreci
Esenler ahalisi 1969'da belediye teşkilatı kurulması için başvuru yapmıştır. İstanbul İl Genel Meclisi, 23 Ocak 1969'da belediye kurulmasına bir engel olmadığına karar vermiştir. Böylece Esenler, bir belde belediyesi statüsü almıştır. Ertesi yıl yapılan seçimlerde Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi adayı Şaban Hoşmen yarıştan çekilmiş, onun yerine MTTB Yönetim Kurulu üyeliği yapmış Nadir Bayır aday gösterilmiştir. Adalet Partisi'nin adayıysa Hüseyin Gürses'ti. Seçimi, Nadir Bayır %51.68 oy oranıyla kazanmıştır. Daha sonra 1973'te Nadir Bayır, Cumhuriyetçi Güven Partisi'ne geçmiş ve CHP adayı Çetin Aksoy ile oyların bölünmesi sonucu Adalet Partisi'nden Mustafa Yumak belediye başkanı seçilmiştir. 1977'de yine CHP'den Çetin Aksoy belediye başkanlığı görevini yürütmüştür. 1980 askeri müdahalesinin ardından belediye lağvedilmiştir. Bundan sonra Bakırköy Belediyesi'ne bağlı şube müdürleri tarafından idare edilmiştir. 1992'de önce Güngören'e dahil edilmiş, ardından da 1994'te müstakil bir ilçe olarak belediye statüsüne tekrar kavuşmuştur.

Kültür

Atışalanı Su Kemeri
Avasköy Kemeri olarak da bilinen ve Esenler'de bulunan su kemerleri oldukça dikkat çekici tarihi yansıtmaktadır. Kitabelerinin şu anda tahrip olduğu bilinen bu su kemerlerinin hangi tarihte yapıldığı bilinmemektedir. Ama eldeki verilere bakılırsa, Mimar Sinan tarafından zamanında yer alan susuzluğu gidermek amacıyla yapıldığı düşünülmektedir.

Hünkar Kasrı
Osmanlı dönemine ait olan bu kasır önemli tarihi yapılardan biridir. Otağ-ı Hümayun olarak bilinmektedir. Osmanlı mimarisini yakından görebileceğiniz Hünkar Kasrı Esenler'de görülmesi gereken önemli yerlerden biridir. İç ve dış mimarisi de oldukça dikkat çekici olmaktadır.

Davutpaşa Kışlası
İstanbul'u ise Edirne'ye bağlayan otoyolun üzerinde bulunan Davutpaşa Kışlası dikkat çekici tarihi mekanlardan biri olmaktadır. Davutpaşa Kışlası Cumhuriyet Döneminde de 1999 yılına kadar kışla olarak kullanılmıştır. Çeşitli zamanlarda onarım gören bina günümüze sağlam olarak ulaşmıştır. Davutpaşa Kışlası görülmesi gereken yerlerdendir. Kışlanın hemen karşısında bulunan Davutpaşa Fırını II. Abdülhamit tarafından yaptırılmıştır.

Litros Aya Yorgi Kilisesi
19. yüzyılın başında kurulmuştur. Kalıntıları restorasyonla Adnan Büyükdeniz Dijital Kütüphanesi olarak 2010 yılında kullanıma açılmıştır.

Politika

Nüfus

Mahalleler
Esenler, 17 mahalleden oluşmaktadır:

 Birlik mahallesi
 Çiftehavuzlar mahallesi
 Davutpaşa mahallesi
 Fatih mahallesi
 Fevzi Çakmak mahallesi
 Havaalanı mahallesi
 Kazım Karabekir mahallesi
 Kemer mahallesi
 Menderes mahallesi
 Mimar Sinan mahallesi
 Namık Kemal mahallesi
 Nine hatun mahallesi
 Oruç reis mahallesi
 Tuna mahallesi
 Turgut reis mahallesi
 Yavuz Selim mahallesi
 15 Temmuz mahallesi

Ulaşım

Otoyol 3, ilçe için önemli bir karayolu ulaşımı sağlamaktadır. Toplu taşıma hizmeti sağlayan otobüs hatlarının çoğu bu otoyolu kullanmaktadır.

Spor ve Eğitim
Erokspor'un 2017'de Esenler'e taşınması ve Esenler Erokspor adını alması, ilçenin 2. Lig'de temsil edilmesini sağlamıştır. Takım, maçlarını Kemer mahallesinde bulunan Esenler Stadında oynamaktadır. Bunun yanında Atışalanıspor, Esenler Kent Yıldızspor, Esenler Tokatspor, Esenler Turgutreis Gençlikspor, Esenlerspor, İstanbul Sivasspor, Öz Yavuzselimspor ve Üçyüzlüspor gibi amatör futbol kulüpleri de bulunmaktadır. İlçede üç büyüklerin spor okulları da vardır.

Galeri

Esenler otogarından görüntüler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Esenler Belediyesi
 Esenler Kaymakamlığı

Esenler


Dolmabahçe Saray Tiyatrosu, Abdülmecit'in Dolmabahçe Sarayı yakınında, bugünkü İnönü stadyumu yanında Bayıldım yokuşuna çıkan yolun köşesinde 1859 yılında yaptırdığı tiyatro binası. Üç sıra üzerine otuzdan fazla locası vardır; üç yüz kişi alabilecek genişlikte İtalyan üslubunda bir yapıydı. Abdülaziz tahta çıkınca bütçe kısıntısı nedeniyle kapatıldı, daha sonra da yandı.

Osmanlı tiyatroları
Tiyatro
Türkiye'deki tiyatrolar taslakları

Dolmabahçe Saray Tiyatrosu


Volli Station (Volli holdeplass) er en tidligere jernbanestation på Bergensbanen, der ligger ved Voll gård i Raundalen i Voss kommune i Norge. Mens den var i drift bestod den af et spor og en kort perron af træ med et læskur.

Stationen blev oprettet som trinbræt 15. maj 1936. Oprindeligt hed den Voll, men stavemåden blev ændret til Volli i januar 1938. Indtil betjeningen med persontog ophørte 9. december 2012, blev stationen betjent af lokaltog mellem Bergen og Myrdal.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Bergensbanen
Jernbanestationer i Norge uden persontrafik
Etableret i 1936
Jernbanestationer i Hordaland

Volli Station


Viktor Nikolaïevitch Knouchevitski, né le  à Petrovsk, dans la province de Saratov (Empire russe) et mort en  à Moscou (Union soviétique), est un chef d'orchestre et compositeur de variété soviétique.

Biographie
Viktor Knouchevitski naît dans la province de Saratov dans la famille de Nikolaï Nikolaïevitch Knouchevitski, avocat qui jouait aussi du violon et de l'alto, et qui, depuis 1918, dirige et enseigne la musique à la première école de musique pour enfants ouverte à son initiative à Petrovsk. Il est ainsi le premier professeur de musique pour ses enfants, la fille aînée Nina (1904-1985) et ses deux fils, Viktor et Sviatoslav. La mère des futurs artistes connaît également bien la musique et chante dans la chorale locale.

À l'école, Victor étudie le violon et la théorie de la composition, et, à l'âge de 12 ans, il acquiert une expérience pratique de la performance, jouant dans des orchestres de salon et de danse dans des restaurants et également avant des séances dans un cinéma local. En 1921, il entre au Conservatoire de Saratov et en sort diplômé dans les classes de violon de B.S. Bogatyrev et de composition de L.M. Rudolf (1925). Puis il est transféré à la Faculté de théorie et de composition du Collège de musique de Moscou A. N. Scriabine, où il poursuit ses activités d'interprétation. Il joue dans le groupe d'altos des Persimfans et, maîtrisant seul le saxophone ténor, se produit dans des ensembles de jazz au cabaret Neryday et au cinéma Tsentralny. Il est diplômé d'une école technique dans la classe de composition de S. N. Vassilenko et A. V. Alexandrov (1928).

À Moscou, le compositeur a vécu rue Narodnogo Opoltchenia. Il meurt en 1972 et est enterré au cimetière Kouzminskoïe.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Victor Knushevitsky, Biographie et répertoire
 Décennie d'après-guerre du jazz (extraits du livre de A. N. Batashev sur le site muzmen.ru)

Chef d'orchestre russe
Chef d'orchestre soviétique
Naissance en janvier 1906
Naissance dans le gouvernement de Saratov
Décès à Moscou
Décès en 1972
Décès en RSFS de Russie

Viktor Knouchevitski


O DreamHack Open Cluj-Napoca 2015, ou simplesmente Cluj-Napoca 2015, foi o sétimo Campeonato Major de Counter-Strike: Global Offensive que ocorreu de 28 de outubro a 1 de novembro de 2015 na Sala Polivalentă em Cluj-Napoca, Romênia. O torneio foi organizado pela DreamHack e patrocinado pela Valve, e possuiu uma premiação total de US$ 250.000.

Oito times foram para a fase eliminatória. Fnatic, G2 Esports, Luminosity Gaming, Natus Vincere, Ninjas in Pyjamas, Team EnVyUs, Team SoloMid e Virtus.pro – todos classificados como Lendas do último Major – foram mais uma vez Lendas, pois nenhum time classificado como Desafiador ocupou seus lugares. A Team EnVyUs foi a vencedora do evento, derrotando a Natus Vincere na final por um placar de 2 a 0.

Formato
As oito melhores equipes do ESL One Cologne 2015, chamadas de "Lendas", receberam convites diretos para Cluj-Napoca. Este foi o primeiro Major a preencher as outras oito vagas de Major de um único classificatório de Major, em vez de vários classificatórios regionais. Para o ciclo Cluj-Napoca, as eliminatórias regionais enviaram equipes para o DreamHack Open Stockholm 2015, onde enfrentaram as oito últimas equipes do Cologne 2015. As oito melhores equipes do DreamHack Open Stockholm 2015 avançaram para o Major como os "Desafiadoras".

As equipes foram divididas em quatro grupos, e todas as partidas do grupo foram à melhor de uma, com exceção da partida decisiva. O cabeça de chave jogaria com o quarto pote em cada grupo e o segundo e o terceiro pote jogariam um contra o outro. O vencedor dessas duas partidas se enfrentaria para determinar qual time passaria para a fase eliminatória, enquanto os perdedores da primeira rodada também jogariam. O perdedor da partida inferior foi então eliminado do torneio. Com um time avançado e um eliminado, os dois times restantes jogariam uma partida de eliminação à melhor de três para a segunda vaga na eliminatória. Este formato é conhecido como o formato GSL, nomeado para o Global StarCraft II League.

A chave da eliminatória consistia em oito times, dois de cada grupo. Todas essas partidas foram em melhor de três, eliminação única. As equipes avançaram na chave até que um vencedor final fosse decidido.

Mapas

 Cache
 Cobblestone
 Dust II
 Inferno
 Mirage
 Overpass
 Train

Equipes
Classificadas como Lendas

 Fnatic
 Team EnVyUs
 Team SoloMid
 Virtus.pro
 G2 Esports
 Ninjas in Pyjamas
 Luminosity Gaming
 Natus Vincere

Classificadas como Desafiadoras

 Counter Logic Gaming
 Mousesports
 Cloud9
 Team Dignitas
 Flipsid3 Tactics
 Team Liquid
 Vexed Gaming
 Titan

Fases de grupos

Grupo A

Grupo B

Grupo C

Grupo D

Eliminatórias
Com oito equipes restantes, a fase final do Major é uma chave de eliminação única, com todas as partidas jogadas em mapas à melhor de três.

Esquema

Competições de Counter-Strike: Global Offensive

DreamHack Open Cluj-Napoca 2015