Olaylar
 1853 - Sinop Baskını: Kırım Savaşının önemli çarpışmalarından biri olan baskında Rus Karadeniz donanması, Sinop'ta Osmanlı donanmasına ağır bir darbe indirdi.
 1872 - Dünya futbol tarihinin ilk millî maçı Glasgow'da oynandı (İskoçya-0 İngiltere-0)
 1909 - Osmanlı tarihiyle ilgili bilimsel çalışmalar yapmak amacıyla Tarihi Osmani Encümeni kuruldu.
 1919 - Fransa'daki seçimlerde kadınlara ilk kez oy hakkı tanındı.
 1925 - Tekke ve zaviyelerin kapatılmasına ilişkin kanun kabul edildi.
 1925 - Selahiyetsiz sarık ve ruhani kıyafet taşıyanların cezalandırılmasına ilişkin kanun çıktı.
 1925 - TBMM kürsüsünün arkasındaki duvara Hakimiyet Milletindir yazısı asıldı.
 1930 - Paris'teki bir film şirketinin düzenlediği uluslararası ses yarışmasının Türkiye bölümü, Cumhuriyet gazetesince gerçekleştirildi. Yarışmaya katılan 38 kişiden Hudadat Şakir Hanım, 20 Jüri üyesinden 16'sının oyuyla Türkiye Ses Kraliçesi seçildi.
 1931 - İktisadi Buhran Vergisi Kanunu kabul edildi.
 1939 - Macar Devrimi'nin önderi Bela Kun, Ukrayna'da kurşuna dizildi.
 1939 - II. Dünya Savaşı'da Kızıl Ordu (SSCB) birlikleri Finlandiya'ya saldırdı.
 1948 - Almanya Komünist Partisi, Berlin'in Sovyetler Birliği'ne ait bölümünde şehir hükûmeti oluşturdu.
 1952 - ABD'nin çift projektör kullanılan ilk 3-Boyutlu renkli filmi Bwana Devil ABD'de ilk kez gösterildi.
 1954 - ABD ilk hidrojen bombasını Eniwetok Adası'nda patlattı.
 1958 - Fransız Ekvatoral Afrikası içinde yer alan, Çad, Orta Kongo (şimdiki Kongo Cumhuriyeti), Gabon, Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Eylül 1958'de yapılan referandumda, Fransız Topluluğu içinde özerk olmak yönünde oy kullanmaları sonucunda federasyon dağıldı. Geçici Orta Afrika Cumhuriyetleri Birliği'ni oluşturan bu ülkeler, Ağustos 1960'ta bağımsız oldular.
 1959 - Alfred Hitchcock'un başyapıtı Sapık çekilmeye başlandı.
 1961 - Birleşmiş Milletler'in genel sekreterliğine Birmanya'lı (diğer adlarıyla Myanmar veya Burma) eğitimci U Thant seçildi. U Thant, bu görevi 31 Aralık 1971 tarihine kadar sürdürdü.
 1966 - Barbados, Birleşik Krallık'tan bağımsızlığını ilan etti.
 1967 - Yemen Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (Güney Yemen) kuruldu. 22 Mayıs 1990'da Kuzey Yemen'le birleşerek Yemen Cumhuriyeti adını almıştır.
 1973 - Çukurova Üniversitesi kuruldu.
 1974 - Dicle Üniversitesi kuruldu.
 1974 - Etiyopya'da 3.2 milyon yıl önce yaşamış bir insanın iskeleti keşfedildi, buna Lucy (Australopithecus) adı verildi.
 1979 - Kurumlaşmış Irk Ayrımcılığı Suçunun Önlenmesi ve Cezalandırılması Uluslararası Sözleşmesi kabul edildi. Türkiye sözleşmeyi onaylamadı.
 1982 - Anadolu Üniversitesi kuruldu.
 1982 - Dünya'nın bugüne kadar en çok satan albümü, Michael Jackson imzalı Thriller yayınlandı.
 1988 - Tek tip elbise giyilmesine karşı cezaevlerinde yapılan açlık grevleri, beş cezaevinde anlaşmaya varılması üzerine sona erdi.
 1990 - Zonguldak'ta 43 bin maden işçisi greve başladı.
 1997 - Genel nüfus sayımı ve seçmen yazımı gerçekleştirildi. Türkiye'nin nüfusu 62 milyon 865 bin 574 olarak belirlendi.
 1999 - Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi PKK lideri Abdullah Öcalan için verilen idam cezasına ihtiyati tedbir kararı aldı. Mahkeme, Strazburg'daki yargılama sonuçlanana kadar infazın ertelenmesini istedi.
 2007 - İstanbul-Isparta seferini yapmakta olan, Atlasjet Havayolları'na ait 4203 sefer sayılı,MD-83 tipi yolcu uçağı, Isparta'nın Çukurören ve Kılıç köyleri arasında kalan Türbetepe mevkiinde düştü. Uçakta bulunan, 50 yolcu ve 7 mürettebattan kurtulan olmadı.

Doğumlar
 538 - Gregorius, Tours piskoposu olarak görev yapmış tarihçi ve hagiograf (ö. 594)
 1427 - IV. Kazimierz Jagiellon, Polonya Kralı (ö. 1492)
 1466 - Andre Dorya, Cenevizli Amiral (ö. 1560)
 1508 - Andrea Palladio, İtalyan mimar (ö. 1580)
 1667 - Jonathan Swift, İrlandalı yazar (ö. 1745)
 1670 - John Toland, İrlandalı akılcı filozof ve hicivci (ö. 1722)
 1699 - VI. Christian, 1730 ile 1746 yılları arasında Danimarka ve Norveç kralı (ö. 1746)
 1719 - Prensesi Augusta, Kral II. George'un oğlu ve varisi olan Galler Prensi Frederick'nin eşi ve Galler Prensesi (ö. 1772)
 1756 - Ernst Chladni, Alman fizikçi ve müzisyen (ö. 1827)
 1817 - Theodor Mommsen, Alman tarihçi ve Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1903)
 1825 - William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Fransız ressam (ö. 1905)
 1835 - Mark Twain, Amerikalı yazar (ö. 1910)
 1858 - Jagadish Chandra Bose, Bengladeşli fizikçi, biyolog, botanist, arkeolog aynı zamanda bilimkurgu yazarı (ö. 1937)
 1869 - Gustaf Dalén, Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahibi fizikçi İsveçli mucit (ö. 1937)
 1874
 Winston Churchill, Birleşik Krallık Başbakanı ve Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1965)
 Lucy Maud Montgomery, Kanadalı yazar (ö. 1942)
 1880 - Adam Czerniaków, Polonyalı mühendis ve senatör (ö. 1942)
 1885 - Albert Kesselring, Alman asker ve Nazi Almanyası'nda Luftwaffe mareşali (ö. 1960)
 1889 - Edgar Douglas Adrian, Britanyalı elektrofizyolog (ö. 1977)
 1896 - Ruth Gordon, Amerikalı aktris (ö. 1985)
 1907 - Jacques Barzun, Fransız kökenli Amerikalı fikir ve kültür tarihçisi (ö. 2012)
 1911 - Jorge Negrete, Meksikalı şarkıcı ve oyuncu (ö. 1953)
 1915 - Henry Taube, Kanada asıllı Amerikalı kimyager ve Nobel Kimya Ödülü sahibi (ö. 2005)
 1918 - Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., Amerikalı oyuncu (ö. 2014)
 1920 - Virginia Mayo, Amerikalı aktris (ö. 2005)
 1923 - Cho Namchul, profesyonel go oyuncusu (ö. 2006)
 1925 - Maryon Pittman Allen, Amerikalı kadın gazeteci, yazar ve siyasetçi (ö. 2018)
 1925 - William H. Gates Sr., Amerikalı emekli avukat ve filantropist
 1926 - Teresa Gisbert Carbonell, Bolivyalı mimar ve sanat tarihçisi (ö. 2018)
 1926 - Richard Crenna, Amerikalı aktör (ö. 2003)
 1927 - Robert Guillaume, Amerikan sahne ve televizyon oyuncu (ö. 2017)
 1929 - Doğan Babacan, Türk futbol hakemi (ö. 2018)
 1929 - Dick Clark, Amerikalı radyo ve televizyon yapımcısı (ö. 2012)
 1935 - Woody Allen, Amerikalı oyuncu, senarist, yazar ve müzisyen
 1936 - Abbie Hoffman, Amerikalı sosyal ve politik aktivist (ö. 1989)
 1937 - Dragoslav Šekularac, Sırp futbolcu ve futbol antrenörü (ö. 2019)
 1937 - Eduard Artemyev, Rus besteci ve senarist (ö. 2022)
 1937 - Ridley Scott, İngiliz yönetmen ve yapımcı
 1943 - Terrence Malick, Amerikalı Süryani yönetmen, senarist ve film yapımcısı
 1944 - George Graham, İskoç eski futbolcu ve teknik direktör
 1945 - Roger Glover, Gal kökenli Britanyalı bas gitarcı, klavyeci, şarkı yazarı ve plak yapımcısı
 1947 - Sergio Badilla Castillo, Şilili şair ve yazar
 1947 - David Mamet, Amerikalı makale, oyun ve senaryo yazarı, yönetmen
 1949 - Perran Kutman, Türk sanatçı
 1952 - Mandy Patinkin, Amerikalı oyuncu ve şarkıcı
 1954 - Roger Glover, İngiliz gitarist
 1955 - Billy Idol, İngiliz müzisyen
 1958 - Stacey Q, Amerikalı pop şarkıcısı ve oyuncu
 1960 - Gary Lineker, İngiliz futbolcu
 1965 - Aldair, Brezilyalı eski futbolcu
 1965 - Fumihito, Eski İmparator Akihito ve Eski İmparatoriçe Michiko'nun küçük oğlu
 1965 - Ben Stiller, Amerikalı komedyen ve aktör
 1966 - Mika Salo, Fin Formula 1 pilotu
 1968 - Laurent Jalabert, emekli Fransız yol bisikleti yarışçısı
 1969 - Marc Forster, İsviçreli yönetmen ve senarist
 1969 - Amy Ryan, Amerikalı sinema, tiyatro ve dizi oyuncusu
 1972 - Christophe Beck, Kanadalı televizyon ve film score'u bestecisi
 1973 - Jason Reso, Kanadalı Amerikan güreşçisi
 1973 - John Moyer, Amerikalı gitarist
 1975 - Mihrdad Minavend, İranlı futbolcu ve teknik direktör (ö. 2021)
 1975 - Adnan Gušo, Bosnalı futbolcu
 1975 - Mindy McCready, Amerikalı country müzik şarkıcısı (ö. 2013)
 1975 - Omar Milanetto, İtalyan futbolcu
 1976 - Murat Cemcir, Türk oyuncu ve komedyen
 1977 - Steven Aoki, Amerikalı elektro house müzisyeni
 1977 - Olivier Schoenfelder, Fransız buz patenci
 1978 - Tomáš Cigánek, Çek futbolcu
 1978 - Clay Aiken, Amerikalı şarkıcı
 1979 - Andres Nocioni, Arjantinli profesyonel eski basketbolcu
 1980 - Cem Adrian, Türk şarkıcı, söz yazarı, yapımcı ve yazar
 1982 - Elisha Cuthbert, Kanadalı oyuncu
 1983 - Engin Apaydın, Türk rallici
 1983 - Guillaume Gouix, Fransız oyuncu
 1984 - Nigel de Jong, Hollandalı futbolcu
 1984 - Alan Hutton, İskoç eski futbolcu
 1984 - Olga Rıpakova, Kazak atlet
 1984 - Francisco Sandaza, İspanyol futbolcu
 1985 - Kaley Cuoco, Amerikalı oyuncu
 1985 - Chrissy Teigen, Amerikalı model, televizyon sunucusu ve senarist
 1986 - Jordan Farmar, Amerikalı profesyonel basketbolcu
 1987 - Naomi Knight, Amerikalı profesyonel güreşçi, dansçı, şarkıcı ve model
 1988 - Phillip Hughes, Avustralyalı kriketçi (ö. 2014)
 1989 - Vladimír Weiss, Slovak futbolcu
 1990 - Magnus Carlsen, Norveçli satranç oyuncusu ve dünya şampiyonu
 1995 - Denis Myšák, Slovak kanocu

Ölümler
 1016 - Edmund, 23 Nisan ile 18 Ekim 1016 tarihleri arasında İngiltere Kralı (d. 989)
 1526 - Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, İtalyan condottieri (d.1498)
 1603 - William Gilbert, İngiliz hekim ve fizikçi (d. 1544)
 1647 - Bonaventura Cavalieri, İtalyan matematikçi ve cizvit din adamı (d. 1598)
 1718 - XII. Karl, 5 Nisan 1697 - 30 Kasım 1718 tarihleri arasında İsveç kralı (d. 1697)
 1719 - Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Japon samuray (d. 1659)
 1900 - Oscar Wilde, İrlandalı oyun yazarı (d. 1854)
 1921 - Hermann Schwarz, Alman matematikçi (d. 1843)
 1930 - Jones Ana, Amerikalı öğretmen, terzi ve aktivist (d. 1837)
 1935 - Fernando Pessoa, Portekizli şair (d. 1888)
 1939 - Béla Kun, Macar komünist politikacı (d. 1886)
 1945 - Mehmet Ali Ayni, Türk bürokrat (d. 1868)
 1953 - Francis Picabia, Fransız ressam, heykeltıraş, grafik sanatçısı ve yazar (d. 1879)
 1954 - Wilhelm Furtwängler, Alman orkestra şefi ve besteci (d. 1886)
 1980 - Orhan Eyüpoğlu, Türk siyasetçi (d. 1918)
 1982 - Günay Akarsu, Türk tiyatro eleştirmeni
 1985 - Marc Aryan, Ermeni asıllı Belçikalı şarkıcı (d. 1926)
 1988 - Abdulbasit Abdussamed, Mısırlı Hâfız ve Kur'an kâri'si (d. 1927)
 1989 - Ahmadou Ahidjo, 1960 ile 1982 yılları arasında görev yapmış ilk Kamerun Devlet Başkanı (d. 1924)
 1994 - Guy Debord, Fransız Marksist filozof, yazar ve sinemacı (d. 1931)
 1994 - Lionel Stander, Amerikalı radyo, sinema, tv, tiyatro ve dizi oyuncusu (d. 1908)
 2003 - Gertrude Ederle, Amerikalı yüzücü (d. 1905)
 2007 - Aydın Gün, Türk opera sanatçısı (d. 1917)
 2007 - Engin Arık, Türk bilim insanı ve fizikçi (d. 1948)
 2009 - Ahmet Uluçay, Türk yazar ve yönetmen (d. 1954)
 2009 - Mustafa Çakmak, Türk güreşçi (d. 1909)
 2012 - Inder Kumar Gujral, Hindistan Cumhuriyeti'nin 12. Başbakanı (d. 1919)
 2013 - Paul Walker, Amerikalı aktör (d. 1973)
 2013 - Jean Kent, İngiliz tiyatro ve sinema oyuncusu (d. 1921)
 2014 - Go Seigen, Japon Go oyuncusu (d. 1914)
 2015 - Fatma Mernissi, Faslı feminist yazar (d. 1940)
 2016 - Terence Beesley, İngiliz oyuncu ve yazar (d. 1957)
 2016 - Alfie Curtis, İngiliz oyuncu (d. 1930)
 2016 - Colin Groves, Avustralyalı biyoloji profesörü ve antropolog (d. 1942)
 2016 - Jim Nabors, Amerikalı oyuncu, komedyen ve şarkıcı (d. 1930)
 2016 - Vincent Scully, İngiliz asıllı Amerikalı sanat tarihçisi ve profesör (d. 1920)
 2016 - Erdal Tosun, Türk tiyatro ve sinemacı (d. 1963)
 2018 - George H. W. Bush, ABD'nin 41. Başkanı (d. 1924)
 2018 - Palden Gyatso, Tibetli Budist keşiş, aktivist ve yazar (d. 1933)
 2019 - Mariss Jansons, Sovyet-Rus orkestra şefi (d. 1943)
 2020 - İrina Antonova, Rus sanat tarihçisi ve müzeci (d. 1922)
 2020 - Betty Bobbitt, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri doğumlu Avustralyalı aktris, şarkıcı ve oyun yazarı (d. 1939)
 2020 - Hella Brock, Alman müzikolog, eğitimci ve yazar (d. 1919)
 2020 - Liliane Juchli, İsviçreli katolik rahibe, hemşire ve yazar (d. 1933)
 2020 - Frank Kramer, Hollandalı eski profesyonel futbolcu (d. 1947)
 2020 - Kiran Maheshwari, Hint kadın siyasetçi (d. 1961)
 2020 - Anne Sylvestre, Fransız şarkıcı ve söz yazarı (d. 1934)
 2022 - Jiang Zemin, Çinli siyasetçi ve devlet başkanı. (d. 1926)

Tatiller ve özel günler
 Dünya Kentlerde Hayat Günü
 Dünya Şoförler Günü

1130
30

30 Kasım


Zupčica (lat. Imperata), rod jednosupnica iz porodice travovki ili trava raširen pretežno po Americi. Najpoznatija vrsta valjkasta zupčica (I. cylindrica) raste danas po svim kontinentima, osim Australije i Južne Amerike, a ima je i u Hrvatskoj.

Postoji desetak priznatih vrsta

Vrste
 Imperata brasiliensis  Trin.
 Imperata brevifolia  Vasey
 Imperata cheesemanii Hack.
 Imperata condensata Steud.
 Imperata conferta  (J.Presl) Ohwi
 Imperata contracta (Kunth) Hitchc.
 Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
 Imperata flavida  S.M.Phillips & S.L.Chen
 Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P.Beauv.
 Imperata minutiflora 	Hack.
 Imperata parodii 	Acevedo
 Imperata tenuis  Hack.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Andropogoneae

Zupčica


Baix Empordà (; , Spanish: Bajo Ampurdán) is a comarca (county) in the Girona region, Catalonia, in Spain. It is one of the two comarques into which Empordà was divided in the comarcal division of 1936, the other one being Alt Empordà. It is popularly known as L'Empordanet ("the Little Empordà"). The capital is La Bisbal d'Empordà.

Geography

Extent
Baix Empordà is the southern portion of the historical region of Empordà. It includes the municipalities between the Montgrí Massif, just north of the river Ter, and the Aro valley, in the south. It measure some  from north to south, and  from east to west, with a total area of . It borders Alt Empordà to the north, Gironès and Selva to the west and the Mediterranean Sea to the east.

The Mediterranean coast of the Baix Empordia is part of the Costa Brava, and is a major tourist destination, including resorts such as Sant Feliu de Guíxols, s'Agaro, Platja d'Aro, Sant Antoni de Calonge, Palamós, La Fosca, Calella de Palafrugell, Llafranc, Tamariu, Fornells de Mar and l'Estartit.

The capital of Baix Empordia is La Bisbal d'Empordà, which is some  from the coast, but several of the comarcas coastal municipalities have significantly larger populations, most notably Palafrugell, Sant Feliu de Guíxols and Palamós. There are 37 municipalities within the comarca.

Municipalities

References

External links

Official comarcal web site (in Catalan)
Tourist comarcal web site
Miscellaneous related information on the web site of the Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan)

Comarques of the Province of Girona

Baix Empordà


Meni, semen veya er suyu, erkek üreme sisteminde ejakülasyon (boşalma) sırasında penisten çıkan, içerisinde erkek üreme hücresi olan spermleri bulunduran beyaz, yoğun ve hafif yapışkan bir sıvıdır.

Erkek memeliler tarafından üremek için üretilen spermleri içinde barındıran organik bir sıvıdır. Üreme sırasında kadın üreme hücresini döllemek üzere erkek cinsel organlarında üretilir. Cinsel birleşme sırasında meni sıvısı, ilgili adalelerin kasılması sonucunda ulaşılan orgazm ve devamında gelen boşalma ile birlikte vajinanın içine bırakılır.

Meni, içeriğinde yaklaşık 200 ila 500 milyon adet sperm barındırır. Ayrıca içeriğinde amino asit, sitrat, enzimler, flavin grubu, fruktoz, proteinler ve C vitamini de bulunur. Meninin kendine has yapışkan bir yapısı, rengi ve yoğunluğu vardır.

Çoğu insan menisi beyaz renklidir. Zaman zaman griye veya sarıya çalan renkte meni görülmesi de mümkündür; bu olağan bir durumdur. Ancak menide kan görülmesi veya meninin pembeye çalan renkte olması, hematospermia isimli tıbbi bir rahatsızlık işaretidir ve acilen doktor kontrolü gerektirmektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız

 Boşalma
 Sperm
 Kadınlarda boşalma
 Cinsel ilişki
 Orgazm

Kaynakça

Üreme biyolojisi

Meni


O odaliscă (din ) era o cameristă sau o slujnică într-un serai turcesc, aflată în special în serviciul soțiilor sau concubinelor sultanului otoman.

Etimologie

Cuvântul "odaliscă" este derivat din cuvântul francez odalisque care provine din turcesc odalık, cu sensul de "cameristă", de la oda, "cameră" sau "odaie". El poate fi transliterat, de asemenea, odahlic, odalisk și odaliq.

Joan DelPlato a descris schimbarea înțelesului termenului din limba turcă în limbile engleză și franceză:Termenul englez și francez odalisque (mai rar odalique) provine din cuvântul turcesc "oda", ce înseamnă "cameră"; astfel, o odaliscă însemna inițial o cameristă sau o slujitoare. În uzul occidental termenul a ajuns să se refere în mod specific la o concubină din harem. Prin secolul al XVIII-lea termenul de odaliscă făcea referire la genul artistic erotic în care o femeie orientală șede pe o parte pentru a fi privită de spectator.

Originea cuvântului odalık

O odalık nu era o concubină în harem, ci o servitoare, deși era posibil cândva ca ea să devină una. Ea era clasată în partea de jos a stratificării sociale a unui harem, neservindu-l pe stăpânul casei, ci, mai degrabă, pe concubinele și soțiile sale pe post de cameristă personală. Odalık erau de obicei sclave dăruite sultanului de către bărbații turci bogați. În general, o odalık nu era văzută niciodată de sultan, ci rămânea în schimb sub supravegherea directă a mamei sale, sultana Valide.

Dacă o odalık era de o frumusețe extraordinară sau avea talente excepționale de dansatoare sau cântăreață, ea putea fi pregătită ca o posibilă concubină. Dacă era aleasă, o odalık pregătită ca o doamnă de la curte trebuia să aibă relații sexuale cu sultanul și numai după un astfel de contact sexual i se putea schimba statutul, devenind de atunci încolo una dintre concubinele sultanului.

În contrast cu reprezentările europene nude ale femeilor din harem, ele purtau adesea robe androgine asemănătoare cu cele purtate de pajii din palat. Condițiile de trai din haremul otoman "semănau mai mult cu cele dintr-o mănăstire pentru fete tinere decât cu cele dintr-un bordel al imaginației europene".

Utilizare ulterioară a termenului în cultura occidentală

W. S. Gilbert se referă la "grația unei odalisce pe un divan" în cântecul "If You Want A Receipt For That Popular Mystery" al colonelului Calverley din opera Patience a lui Gilbert și Sullivan.

În uzul popular, cuvântul odaliscă se poate referi, de asemenea,  la o amantă sau concubină a unui bărbat bogat.

În cursul secolului al XIX-lea, odaliscele au devenit figuri fanteziste comune în mișcarea artistică cunoscută ca orientalism, apărând în multe picturi erotice din acea epocă.

Pe la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea, scriitori turci precum Melek Hanum foloseau cuvântul odaliscă cu referire la concubinele sclave atunci când scriau în limba engleză:
Dacă orice femeie are o sclavă destul de atrăgătoare, acest fapt devine în curând cunoscut. Domnii care doresc să cumpere o odaliscă sau o soție, fac oferte. Mulți turci, într-adevăr, preferă să ia o sclavă ca soție deoarece, în acest caz, nu este cazul să se teamă de tați, mame, cumnați și alte rude nedorite.

În 2011, Societatea de Drept din Columbia Britanică a efectuat o cercetare disciplinară împotriva unui avocat nenumit pentru că s-a referit la clientul unui alt avocat ca trăind cu o odaliscă. Societatea de Drept a considerat că folosirea acestui cuvânt, deși era o alegere extrem de proastă, nu reprezenta o abatere de la conduita profesională.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Jeffrey Eugenides (2013) Middlesex; pg 495 "... Stretched across the couch, a Pisceasn Odalisque..."
 The Imperial Harem by Leslie Pierce
 The Nature of the Early Ottoman State by Heath W Lowry

Legături externe

Sexualitate și societate

Odaliscă


An Pentaschistis pictigluma in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Pilg.. An Pentaschistis pictigluma in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pentaschistis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo harani ha karat-an.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 P. p. gracilis
 P. p. minor

Mga kasarigan

Pentaschistis

Pentaschistis pictigluma


කායික වෛද්‍යවේදයේදී සහ  මනෝ වෛද්‍යවේදයේදී;  සායනික වශයෙන් හඳුනාගන්නා  නමුත් හේතුව සොයා නොගත් රෝග ලක්ෂණ කිහිපයක එකතුවක් සහලක්ෂණයක් ලෙස  (හේතුව සොයාගන්නා තෙක්) හැඳින්වේ
උදා - හේතුව සොයාගැනීමට පෙර ඩවුන්ගේ සහලක්ෂණය නම්වූ රෝගය දැන් ට්‍රයිසොමි 21 ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.
ඇතැම් සහලක්ෂණ තත්ත්වයන් එක් හඳුනාගත් හේතුවක් නිසා විය හැකි අතර ඇතැම් සහලක්ෂණ තත්ත්වයන් එක් හඳුනාගත් හේතූන් කිහිපයක් නිසා ඇතිවිය හැක. උදාහරණ ලෙස නතුකරගත් ප්‍රතිශක්ති ඌනතා  සහලක්ෂණය  (AIDS) රෝගියාට ප්‍රතිශක්ති ඌනතා වෛරසය (HIV) ආසාදනය වීමෙන් ඇතිවන අතර පාකින්සන් සහලක්ෂණය හේතූන් කිහිපයක් නිසා ඇතිවේ.

පෙරදී සහලක්ෂණ සැලකූ බහුලව හමුවන රෝග

ජාන විකෘතිතා නිසා ඇතිවන
 ට්‍රයිසොමි 21 (ඩවුන්ස් සහලක්ෂණය)
 45 XO (ටර්නර්ස් සහලක්ෂණය)
 47, XXY (ක්ලයින්ෆෙල්ටර්  සහලක්ෂණය)

වෛරස ආසාදනය වීම නිසා ඇතිවන
AIDS රෝගය (නතුකරගත් ප්‍රතිශක්ති ඌනතා සහලක්ෂණය)
 සාස් රෝගය (උග්‍ර ශ්වසන රෝග සහලක්ෂණය / සාස්)
රේයිස් සහලක්ෂණය - Reye's syndrome (

වෙනත්  ආසාදනය වීම නිසා ඇතිවන
 ර්යැක්ටිව් ආතරයිටිස් (රයිටර්ස්  සහලක්ෂණය)
 ටොක්සික් ෂොක්  සහලක්ෂණය - Toxic shock syndrome  ()

වත්මන් සහලක්ෂණ
 කුෂින්ස්  සහලක්ෂණය
 ගිලන් බාරේ සහලක්ෂණය - Guillain–Barré syndrome
 කාර්පල් ටනල් සහලක්ෂණය - Carpal tunnel syndrome

සහලක්ෂණ

සහලක්‍ෂණය


آلة دالفيك الافتراضية  هي آلة افتراضية تستخدم لغة جافا على الأجهزة التي تعمل بنظم أندرويد مثل الهواتف الذكية.

ومن الميزات الأساسية لآلة دالفيك الافتراضية هي القدرة على تشغيل التطبيقات بكفاءة مع الاستفادة من الموارد المحدودة للأجهزة المحمولة، مما يتيح تشغيل تطبيقات الأندرويد بشكل أكثر سلاسة وفعالية من حيث استهلاك البطارية والذاكرة. وفي الإصدارات الحديثة من نظام أندرويد، تم استبدال آلة دالفيك الافتراضية بـ Android Runtime (ART) وهي بيئة تشغيلية جديدة تعمل بشكل أسرع وتستهلك أقل موارد النظام.

عوامل التي تؤثر علي آلة دالفيك الافتراضية

 حجم الذاكرة العشوائية (RAM): يعتبر حجم الذاكرة العشوائية المتاحة للتطبيق هو أحد العوامل الرئيسية التي تؤثر على أداء بيئة تشغيل دالفيك. حيث إن زيادة حجم الذاكرة العشوائية المتاحة يساعد على تحسين أداء التطبيق وتقليل عدد الأخطاء.
 سرعة المعالج (CPU): تعد سرعة المعالج أيضًا عاملاً هامًا في تحديد أداء بيئة تشغيل دالفيك. فعلى سبيل المثال، يمكن أن يؤدي استخدام معالج بسرعة أعلى إلى تحسين سرعة التطبيق وزيادة قدرته على معالجة البيانات بشكل أسرع.
 إعدادات النظام (System settings): قد يؤثر أيضًا إعدادات النظام على أداء بيئة تشغيل دالفيك، فمثلاً، إذا كان هناك العديد من التطبيقات الأخرى تعمل في الخلفية فقد يؤثر ذلك على أداء التطبيق الذي يعمل حالياً. ومن الجيد التحقق من إعدادات النظام وإغلاق أي تطبيق.
 الجهاز الفعلي: يعتمد أداء بيئة تشغيل دالفيك أيضًا على مواصفات الجهاز الفعلي الذي يستخدمه المستخدم. فبعض الأجهزة يمكن أن تكون أسرع وتتمتع بذاكرة أكبر، وبالتالي قد يكونوا أكثر قدرة على تشغيل تطبيقات دالفيك بشكل أفضل.
 إصدار نظام التشغيل (OS version): يمكن أن يؤثر إصدار نظام التشغيل Android على أداء بيئة تشغيل دالفيك. فبعض الإصدارات الأحدث قد توفر تحسينات أداء معينة، مثل تحسين الاستجابة والتحميل الأسرع للتطبيقات.

الترخيص وبراءات الاختراع
نُشرت آلة دالفيك بموجب شروط ترخيص Apache 2.0.

في 12 أغسطس 2010، رفعت شركة أوراكل (التي استحوذت على Sun Microsystems في أبريل 2009 وبالتالي تمتلك حقوق جافا)، دعوى قضائية ضد جوجل بسبب انتهاكها المزعوم لحقوق الطبع والنشر وبراءات الاختراع. زعمت شركة أوراكل أن جوجل في تطوير أندرويد، انتهكت عن قصد وبشكل مباشر ومتكرر الملكية الفكرية المتعلقة بجافا الخاصة بأوراكل. في مايو 2012، وجدت هيئة المحلفين في هذه القضية أن جوجل لم تنتهك براءات اختراع شركة أوراكل، وحكم قاضي المحاكمة بأن بنية Java APIs التي تستخدمها جوجل لا تخضع لحقوق الطبع والنشر. اتفق الطرفان على صفر دولار كتعويض قانوني عن 9 أسطر من الكود المنسوخ.

انظر أيضا
 الاتحاد المفتوح للهواتف
 أندرويد
 أندرويد رن تايم

المراجع

أندرويد (نظام تشغيل)
برمجيات متعددة المنصات

آلة دالفيك الافتراضية


نهر مالح كوده  بالفارسية (رودخانه شور گوده)، اسم لنهر في « اقليم گودة» تـتبع لـالبلدة المركزية (بالفارسية: بخش مركزي ) من توابع مدينة بستك وتقع في محافظة هرمزغان في جنوب إيران.

ويبدأ مساره من جبال كوده في محافظة هرمزغان، ثم يتجه شرقاً حتى المصب في البحر الخليج. ويمر مساره بمدن وقرى عديدة. والنهر هو مجرى مائي طبيعي واسع ذو ضفتيين يجرى فيه الماء العذب أو المالح، الناتج عن هطول الأمطار أو المياه النابعة من عيون الأرض أو من مسطحات مائية كالبحيرات.يحدث اشكال الأرض الجيولوجيه.

المصادر
 الكوخردى، محمد، بن يوسف، (كُوخِرد حَاضِرَة اِسلامِيةَ عَلي ضِفافِ نَهر مِهران) الطبعة الثالثة ،دبي: سنة 1997 للميلاد.
 محمدیان، كوخردى، محمد.  « شهرستان بستک وبخش کوخرد »  ج1. چاپ أول، دبی: سال انتشار 2005 میلادی. (فارسي)
 عباسی، قلی، مصطفی،  «بستک وجهانگیریه»، چاپ أول، تهران : ناشر: شرکت انتشارات جهان معاصر، سال 1372..
 سلامى، بستكى، أحمد.  (بستک در گذرگاه تاریخ)  ج2 چاپ أول، 1372 خورشيدى.
 بالود، محمد.  (فرهنگ عامه در منطقه بستک)  ناشر همسايه، چاپ زيتون، انتشار سال 1384 خورشیدی.
 بنى عباسيان، بستكى، محمد اعظم،  « تاريخ جهانگيريه»  چاپ تهران، سال 1339 خورشيدى.
 عباسی، قلی، مصطفی،  «بستک وجهانگیریه»، چاپ أول، تهران : ناشر: شرکت انتشارات جهان معاصر، سال 1372 خورشیدی.
 محمدیان، كوخردى، محمد،  (شهرستان بستک وبخش کوخرد) ، ج1. چاپ أول، دبی: سال انتشار 2005 میلادی.
 بالود، محمد.  (فرهنگ عامه در منطقه بستک)  ناشر همسايه، چاپ زيتون، انتشار سال 1384 خورشیدی.
 بنى عباسيان، بستكى، محمد اعظم،  « تاريخ جهانگيريه»  چاپ تهران، سال 1339 خورشيدى.
 بختيارى، سعيد،،  « اتواطلس إيران » ، " مؤسسه جغرافيايى وكارتگرافى گيتا شناسى، بهار 1384 خورشيدى

انظر أيضاً
  كوخرد حاضرة إسلامية على ضفاف نهر مهران

وصلات خارجية
 التقسيمات الإدارية  لمحافظة  هرمزغان

شور كوده
البلدة المركزية
مدن إيران

رودخانه شور كوده


Juniperus osteosperma er tegund af barrtré í einisætt. Upprunninn frá suðvestur Bandaríkjunum.

Tilvísanir

Einisætt

Juniperus osteosperma


Diese Liste gibt den Fortschreibungsstand vom 14. März 2018 wieder und enthält 31 Baudenkmäler.

Ensemble Marktplatz

Das Ensemble bildet den Kern der bereits 1109 mit Marktrecht genannten slawischen Rodungssiedlung, die im ersten Viertel des 14. Jahrhunderts als bischöflicher befestigter Markt Amtsmittelpunkt des siedlungsarmen Umlandes wurde. Die Anfang des 15. Jahrhunderts ausgebaute Marktbefestigung ist nach den Bränden von 1824, 1838 und 1840 überbaut worden, so dass heute die Bebauung der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts vorherrscht und einen Platzraum im Sinne des Biedermeiers bildet. Die meist zweigeschossigen, traufseitig gestellten Putzbauten mit Sandsteingliederungen und segmentbogigen Tordurchfahrten integrieren die im Kern dem 11. Jahrhundert entstammende Pfarrkirche und das stattliche Pfarrhaus aus der Zeit um 1750 in das langgestreckte Platzgefüge. Aktennummer: E-4-77-139-1.

Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Marktschorgast

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Grundmühle

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Ziegenburg

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Marktschorgast

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Marktschorgast
Baudenkmaler Marktschorgast

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Marktschorgast


Erledt ist der Name folgender Orte:

 Erledt (Gemeinde Diersbach), Ortschaft der Gemeinde Diersbach, Bezirk Schärding, Oberösterreich
 Erledt (Gemeinde Rainbach), Ortschaft der Gemeinde Rainbach im Innkreis, Bezirk Schärding, Oberösterreich
 Erledt (Gemeinde Waldkirchen), Ortschaft der Gemeinde Waldkirchen am Wesen, Bezirk Schärding, Oberösterreich

Erledt


Die Malaysia Open 1984 im Badminton fanden vom 11. bis zum 15. Juli 1984 in Ipoh, Malaysia statt.

Finalresultate

Referenzen
 Martin Knupp: Yonex Badminton Handbuch 1985, S. 152

World Badminton Grand Prix 1984
1984
Badmintonwettbewerb in Ipoh

Malaysia Open 1984


La rivière Gods est une rivière dans le Nord du Manitoba au Canada. Elle coule à partir du lac Gods jusqu'à la rivière Hayes qui se déserve dans la baie d'Hudson. La Nation crie de Manto Sipi est située à la source de la rivière Gods tandis que la Première Nation de Shamattawa se trouve à sa confluence avec la rivière Echoing.

Notes et références

Cours d'eau au Manitoba

Rivière Gods


The Athlone Institute of Technology (AIT; ) was an institute of technology, located in Athlone, Ireland. Established in 1970, the institute's campus was located on University Road.

A consortium between itself and the Limerick Institute of Technology was announced with the intention of forming a technological university. On 23 November 2020, the AIT-LIT Consortium announced that the joint Limerick-Athlone IT application for technological university (TU) status had been submitted for approval, which was granted in May 2021.

On 16 July 2021, the institute of technology was officially dissolved and succeeded by the Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, which began operations on 1 October 2021.

History
The Athlone Institute of Technology (AIT) was established by the Irish Government in 1970 as the Athlone Regional Technical College, under control of the local Vocational Education Committee. The college gained more autonomy with the enactment of the Regional Technical Colleges Act 1992. In late 1997, as with the other RTC's, it was renamed as the Athlone Institute of Technology (AIT). In 1999, AIT became a validation authority with the power to award HETAC degrees.

In 2000, Ciarán Ó Catháin was appointed as the institute's president. Dr. David Fenton and James Coyle were previous holders of the post, having been called director and principal. In 2001, a School of Humanities was opened. In 2010, then-president of Ireland Mary McAleese spoke at the fortieth anniversary of the college.

The AIT had a campus size of 44 acres, and new, purpose-built facilities that included the Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Studies building, built in 2003; the Nursing and Health Science building and the Midlands Innovation and Research Centre, built in 2005; as well as the Engineering and Informatics building and the Postgraduate Research Hub, built in 2010. RTÉ's Midlands studio and office have been located at the institute.

The institute had a memorandum of understanding with the Rio de Janeiro State University, one of the largest universities in the Brazilian city. It also had agreements with the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, one of the largest Brazilian private universities. The institute also founded agreements with two leading Beijing universities, the Capital University of Economics and Business and the Beijing Union University. The agreements were signed by the Chinese Ambassador to Ireland and university representatives. Other agreements existed between the institute and TVTC, in Saudi Arabia, and a memorandum of understanding existed with the Georgia Institute of Technology. Further agreements existed with the Bharati Vidyapeeth, one of the largest universities in India.

College of sanctuary
In 2017, AIT became the first designated college of sanctuary in Ireland.

AIT-LIT Consortium and dissolution
In 2018, the institute had investigated the possibility of becoming a university in its own right. A consortium between itself and the Limerick Institute of Technology was announced in October 2019 with the intention of forming a technological university. On 23 November 2020, the AIT-LIT Consortium announced that the joint Limerick-Athlone IT application for technological university (TU) status had been submitted for approval. Approval was announced in May 2021 by minister of Higher Education, Simon Harris.

On 16 July 2021, both itself and the Limerick Institute of Technology were officially dissolved through a signed order by the minister. The institute was succeeded by the Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, which began operations on 1 October 2021.

Facilities
 The Goldsmith Library, named after Oliver Goldsmith, novelist, playwright and poet
 McCormack Hall, performance venue named after John McCormack, tenor
 Northgate street, former site of art and design, to be converted in to a digital hub

AIT International Arena

An international athletics arena with an overall building floor area of 9,715 m2 was opened in early 2013. The arena can house 2,000 spectators and was constructed at a cost of €10 million.

Notable alumni

See also
 Education in the Republic of Ireland
 List of higher education institutions in the Republic of Ireland

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Athlone
Universities and colleges established in 1970
Institute of Technology, Athlone
Universities and colleges in the Republic of Ireland
Institutes of technology in the Republic of Ireland
1970 establishments in Ireland
Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest
Educational institutions disestablished in 2021
2021 disestablishments in Ireland

Athlone Institute of Technology


Clanadonia es una banda escocesa de música tradicional celta, basada principalmente en la cultura de pictos y celtas. Mantienen siempre un estilo tribal, que se puede ver por su indumentaria y propuesta en escena cuando están ante el público. Su música se restringe netamente al uso de gaitas y tambores, aunque ocasionalmente incluyen voces.
Desde su creación han publicado solo un disco llamado Keepin' it Tribal, lanzado en al año 2007. En octubre del año 2014 lanzaron su segundo disco: Keepin' it Tribal 2. Desde el 2018 el grupo está preparando un tercer disco.

Historia
Comenzaron como un grupo que hacía presentaciones de combates para programas de televisión y películas, y participaron en largometrajes como Braveheart, Gladiator, The New World y The Clan. Con el tiempo se han dedicado exclusivamente a sus presentaciones y a la grabación de sus discos.

Integrantes
 Tu-Bardh Wilson - bombo, bodhran, voz
 Brad McMillan - gaita, percusión
 Wayne Manning - batería, percusión
 Craig Brown - bombo, percusión
 Robbie MacFarlane - batería, bodhran, percusión, voz
 Davie King - batería, percusión
 Ali Smith - gaita, batería, percusión

Discografía
 Keepin' it Tribal (2007)
 Keepin' it Tribal 2 (2014)

Referencias

Músicos celtas

Clanadonia


An Pseudoraphis brunoniana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni William Griffiths, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Pilg.. An Pseudoraphis brunoniana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pseudoraphis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pseudoraphis

Pseudoraphis brunoniana


7892 Musamurahigashi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7892 Musamurahigashi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nyukasa de Masanori Hirasawa și Shohei Suzuki. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,20 ua, o excentricitate de 0,18 și o înclinație de 1,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1994
Centura de asteroizi

7892 Musamurahigashi


7160 Tokunaga este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7160 Tokunaga este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Palomar de Schelte J. Bus. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,47 ua, o excentricitate de 0,20 și o înclinație de 1,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1981
Centura de asteroizi

7160 Tokunaga


ايميليو ماركوس بالما  (مواليد في 7 يناير، 1978) هو أول شخص يولد في أنتاركتيكا. ولد في أقصى نقطة من جهة الجنوب. ولد بالتحديد في Fortín Sargento Cabral لوالدين من الأرجنتين في قاعدة ايسبيرانزا. و هو مسجل لدى كتاب غينيس للأرقام القياسية كالشخص الوحيد المعروف في التاريخ كأول من ولد على قارة ما. لكن هناك من يقول إنه ليس الأول؛ لأن سولفيج جاكوسبين ولد في 8 أكتوبر، 1913 في جورجيا الجنوبية و جزر ساندويتش الجنوبية، والتي يمكن اعتبارها في أنتاركتيكا.

مراجع

أرجنتينيون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من المقاطعة الأرجنتينية بالقارة القطبية الجنوبية
مواليد 1978

إيميليو بالما


بطولة أوروبا تحت-21 لكرة القدم 2011 سوف تكون المسابقة رقم 18 في تاريخ بطولة أوروبا تحت-21 لكرة القدم.البطولة النهائية سوف تستضاف من قبل الدنمارك بين 11 و25 يونيو. الترشح الندماركي أختير من اللجنة التنفيذية للويفا في 10 ديسمبر 2008 في نيون في سويسرا.

تصفيات البطولة سوف تجري مبارياتها ما بين مارس 2009 وأكتوبر 2010.

اختيار البلد المستضيف
اعترضت اللجنة المنظمة للبطولة في البداية بان المسابقة تضهد مترشحين أثنين فقط: الدنمارك وإسرائيل. العروض قدمت في 15 يونيو 2008. المنشئات تم تفتيشها ما بين يونيو وسبتمبر 2008،وأعطي تقريراً مفصلاً إلى اللجنة الوطنية لتنظيم البطولات في أكتوبر. اللجنة المنزمة ناقشت العروض المقدمة في 27 نوفمبر 2008 وأصدرت توصية إلى اللجنة التنفيذية الاتحاد الأوروبي، ليتقرر في 10 ديسمبر 2008 بان الدنمارك ستستضيف النهائيات.

التصفيات

قرعة مرحلة تصفيات بطولة أوروبا تحت-21 لكرة القدم 2011 أقيمت في آرهوس يوم 4 فبراير 2009. قرعة التصفيات حددت عشرة مجموعات، إثنتان منها بستة فرق والباقي بخمسة فرق. 52 منتخب إلتخق بالتصفيات المؤهلة لحجز مقعد من المقاعد السبعة التي تأهل لنهائيات الدنمارك. التوزيع للفرق التصفيات كانت مرتبة على أساس البطولة السابقة.

قائمة الفرق المتأهلة
الفرق الثمانية التالية تأهلت إلى بطولة أوروبا تحت-21 لكرة القدم 2011.

المواقع

جميع مواقع وملاعب البطولة سوف تعقد في يولاند، على ملاعب جاهزة ومبنية في آرهوس، آلبورغ، هيرنينغ وفيبورغ.

في 20 سبتمبر 2010 أعلن، بان إستاد آرهوس سيستضيف المباراة النهائية. ملعب فرثر آلبورغ سوف تلعب عليه المباراة الافتتاحية ومباراة الإقسائية للألعاب الأولمبية. الدور نصف النهائي سوف يلعب على ملعب هيرنينغ وستاد فيبورغ. كما أيضا، الدنمارك سوف تلعب كل مبارياتها على ملاعب آرهوس وآلبورغ.

التصنيف
قرعة المسابقة النهائية تأخذت مكانها في 9 نوفمبر 2010 في مؤتمر آلبورغ والمركز الثقافي في آلبورغ.

على غرار البطولات السابقة، مباريات كل مجموعة سوف تلعب على ملعبين فقط. أيضا، تم تقسيم المتاهلين إلى المسابقة في ثلاثة فئات مصنفة، على أساس معدل النقاط في المباراة الواحدة في مرحلة التصفيات، ، مع كل مجموعة يوجد فريق واحد من الوعاء 1 و2، وفريقين من وعاء 3. الدنمارك كمستضيفة وكانت المصنفة الأولى تلقائيا.

دور المجموعات
القرعة أخذت مكانها يوم 9 نوفمبر 2010 في آلبورغ في الدنمارك. الدور الأول سوف يشهد الفرق الثمانية يقسمون إلى مجموعتين من أربعة فرق.

المجموعة أ

المجموعة ب

دور خروج المغلوب

خارطة خروج المغلوب

نصف نهائي

مباراة الأولمبياد
لُعبت هذه المباراة لتحديد المتأهل الأوروبي في مسابقة كرة قدم الرجال في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2012. إنجلترا تأهلت كمستضيفة تحت (بريطانيا العظمى).

النهائي

مسجلي الأهداف

هدف 1
  ماكسيم سكافيش
  أندري فورونكوف
  بوريك دوتشكال
  شيردان شاقيري
  ماكسيم بيلي

الاعلام

البث

المصادر

وصلات خارجية
 uefa.com - بطولة أوروبا تحت-21 لكرة القدم
  موقع اتحاد الدنمارك عن المسابقة

أحداث يونيو 2011 الرياضية في أوروبا
بطولة أوروبا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
بطولة أوروبا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم 2011
كرة القدم الأوروبية في 2010–11
كرة القدم الدنماركية في 2010–11
كرة القدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2012 - تصفيات الرجال
كرة قدم للشباب في 2011
منافسات كرة قدم دولية استضافتها الدنمارك

بطولة أمم أوروبا تحت 21 سنة 2011


بابا فرحان هو مسلسل أطفال سعودي عرض في 13 جزء، وهو من تأليف خالد الحربي ومن إنتاج مؤسسة المكتب (هاني السعدي)، يعتبر مسلسل بابا فرحان من أشهر مسلسلات الأطفال في الخليج العربي، وكان لشخصيات بابا فرحان عدد كبير من المسرحيات التي تنقلت في جميع أنحاء مناطق المملكة.

كانت آخر أجزاء المسلسل سنة 2004م، بعد ذلك توقف المسلسل عن العرض، وبعد فترة من توقفه طالب الكثير من الجمهور بعودة المسلسل.

الممثلون
شارك في المسلسل بعض النجوم من أنحاء الوطن العربي ومنهم:
 صلاح عبد الله.
 ياسر جلال.
 عبير عيسى.
 نشوى مصطفى.
 داليا مصطفى.
 فهد غزولي.

مراجع

مسلسلات تلفزيونية سعودية بدأ عرضها في 1992

بابا فرحان (مسلسل)


اتحاد الأعمال الياباني  هو منظمة اقتصادية تأسست في مايو 2002 بدمج اتحاد المنظمات الاقتصادية واتحادات الموظفين في اليابان. يضم الاتحاد 1662 عضواً منها 1343 شركة و130 منظمة صناعية، و47 اتحاد اقتصادي محلي (بحسب إحصاءات 22 يونيو 2007).

وفقاً لموقع اتحاد الأعمال الياباني فإن مهمة اتحاد الأعمال الياباني تتمثل في تسريع تنمية اقتصاد اليابان والعالم من أجل تقوية العلاقات لخلق قيم مضافة لنقل الاقتصاد الياباني إلى اقتصاد مستدام ودفع عجلة القطاع الخاص عن طريق تشجيع الأفكار الفردية والمجتمعات الصغيرة.

مصادر

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي لاتحاد الأعمال الياباني باللغة الإنكليزية

اقتصاد اليابان
جمعيات أصحاب العمل
جمعيات مهنية مقرها في اليابان
منظمات أعمال مقرها في اليابان
منظمات أسست في 1946
منظمات مقرها في اليابان

اتحاد الأعمال الياباني


"Only One" é uma canção gravada pela cantora sul-coreana BoA para seu sétimo álbum de estúdio coreano homônimo de 2012. Escrita e composta pela própria BoA com arranjo adicional de Kim Yong-shin e Kim Tae-seong, a faixa pop e R&B foi lançada como o segundo single de Only One em 22 de julho de 2012, através da SM Entertainment, a fim de coincidir com o lançamento do álbum parental. Mais tarde, foi regravada em língua japonesa e lançada em 27 de fevereiro de 2013, através da Avex Trax, como seu 32º single japonês, antes de ser incluído em Who's Back? (2014), seu primeiro lançamento japonês em formato de álbum completo em mais de quatro anos.

Lançamento e promoção
Em 22 de julho de 2012, BoA lançou "Only One" como a faixa-título de seu sétimo álbum de estúdio coreano de mesmo nome. Em 7 de agosto de 2012, ela declarou em uma reunião de fãs que lançaria a versão japonesa de "Only One" no inverno de 2012-2013. Ela também anunciou que traduziria as letras da canção do coreano para o japonês, já que ela mesma havia escrito o original e compôs a faixa. A confirmação oficial ocorreu em 10 de dezembro de 2012, através da Avex, que anunciou que BoA lançaria um novo single japonês. Um mês depois, as capas das versões físicas em CD e CD+DVD foram reveladas oficialmente.

Como parte da promoção do single japonês, o website Only One Cocktail foi lançado em novembro de 2012, apresentando um código QR que levava a uma versão instrumental de "Only One". Cinco cafeterias em Tóquio passaram a vender cappuccino e coquetéis cobertos com o código QR comestível. Foi divulgado ainda que a partir de fevereiro de 2013, o público poderia ouvir "Only One" digitalizando o código QR que se localizava na superfície de suas bebidas, levando a versão completa em japonês da faixa com seus smartphones. O website também hospedou previsões astrológicas e um concurso.

Composição
"Only One" possui letras e composição de BoA, ela explicou o significado de suas letras, durante mensagem disponibilizada no website Only One Cocktail dizendo: "[...] Esta música é uma canção sobre separação, como se você estivesse visualizando cenas de separação com mais detalhes à medida que a letra progride. Acho que as pessoas que experimentaram esta separação apenas uma vez antes, certamente serão capazes de simpatizar com o conteúdo da letra e a canção é realmente fácil de lembrar, todos, por favor, ouçam repetidamente".

Vídeo musical
"Only One" recebeu dois vídeos musicais diferentes em seu lançamento coreano, o primeiro foi lançado em 22 de julho de 2012, e possui BoA apresentando a coreografia da faixa com a participação de dançarinos, enquanto sua segunda versão, foi lançada três dias depois e contém cenas de BoA em um café com seu interesse amoroso, interpretado pelo ator Yoo Ah-in.

Em 27 de fevereiro de 2013, foi lançado o vídeo musical da versão japonesa de "Only One", dirigido por Toshiyuki Suzuki, sua produção apresenta cenas de BoA dançando em um teatro.

Desempenho nas paradas musicais
"Only One" estreou em seu pico de número dois na Coreia do Sul pela Gaon Digital Chart, referente a semana de 22 a 26 de julho de 2012. Em suas respectivas tabelas componentes, a canção estreou no topo da Gaon Download Chart com 536,545 downloads digitais pagos e em número cinco pela Gaon Streaming Chart com 2,561,150 transmissões. Mais tarde, "Only One" se estabeleceu em número vinte pela parada mensal de julho de 2012 da Gaon Digital Chart e em número 33 pela sua respectiva parada anual, obtendo vendas digitais na Coreia do Sul de 2,057,478 cópias no ano de 2012.

Após o seu lançamento no Japão, "Only One" estreou em seu pico de número dez pela Oricon Singles Chart e permaneceu na parada por quatro semanas. Pela Billboard Japan, "Only One" estreou em número 47 na Japan Hot 100, na semana referente a 20 de fevereiro de 2013, mais tarde, atingiu seu pico de número oito na semana de 6 de março de 2013.

Posições semanais

Posições de fim de ano

Reconhecimento

Histórico de lançamento

Ligações externas

Canções gravadas por BoA
Singles de 2012
Canções de música pop
Canções de R&B contemporâneo
Canções de 2012
Singles lançados pela SM Entertainment
Canções em coreano
Singles lançados pela Avex Trax
Canções em japonês

Only One (canção)


Cayo Eusebio es el nombre que recibe una isla cubana que pertenece al archipiélago conocido como Sabana-Camagüey, en el subgrupo Sección Camagüey, en la provincia de del mismo nombre en el centro oriente de la isla de Cuba, y frente al océano Atlántico en las coordenadas geográficas  justo al norte de la Bahía la Gloria, al noreste de playa Guanaja, al sureste de Cayo Cucubao y al sur del Cayo Romano, 501 kilómetros al este de la capital del país la ciudad de La Habana.

Referencias

Véase también
 Geografía de Cuba
 Geografía de América

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de Localización

Archipiélagos e islas de Cuba

Cayo Eusebio


Holde este un film românesc din 1979 regizat de Slavomir Popovici.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1979 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1979

Holde


Contact se poate referi la:

Contact (album)
Contact (film)
Contact electric
Contact, Nevada, comunitate neîncorporată din SUA

Vezi și
Lentilă de contact
Sport de contact

Contact


Jaime Mario Drago Maturo, né le  à Lima au Pérou, est un footballeur péruvien. Il jouait au poste de milieu de terrain.

Son père et son frère aîné, Roberto Drago Burga et Roberto Drago Maturo respectivement, étaient eux aussi footballeurs.

Biographie

Carrière en club
Surnommé Diablo (« le diable »), Jaime Drago est formé au Lawn Tennis dès l'âge de 13 ans. Mais c'est au Deportivo Municipal qu'il fait ses débuts professionnels en 1976 à l'âge de 17 ans. Il y est vice-champion du Pérou en 1981 et dispute la Copa Libertadores l'année suivante (six matchs et un but).

En 1983, il rejoint l'Universitario de Deportes et devient le meilleur buteur du championnat 1984 (ex aequo avec Francisco Montero) avec 13 buts. Il sera sacré deux fois champion du Pérou avec l'Universitario en 1985 et 1987 et participe avec ce dernier club à deux éditions de la Copa Libertadores, en 1985 et 1986 (10 matchs joués en tout pour deux buts marqués).

Jaime Drago a l'occasion de s'expatrier d'abord en Équateur, au SD Aucas en 1987, puis au Venezuela, au Deportivo Italia, entre 1988 et 1989.

De retour au Pérou, il joue successivement pour le Deportivo San Agustín en 1990, le Sport Boys en 1991 et met fin à sa carrière au Meteor-Lawn Tennis en 1992.

Carrière en équipe nationale
Jaime Drago ne dispute qu'une seule rencontre avec l'équipe du Pérou, à l'occasion d'un match amical face au Mexique, le  à Monterrey (défaite 1-0).

Palmarès

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur international péruvien
Joueur du Deportivo Municipal
Joueur de l'Universitario de Deportes
Joueur du SD Aucas
Joueur du Deportivo Petare FC
Joueur de l'AD San Agustín
Joueur du Sport Boys
Naissance en janvier 1959
Naissance à Lima

Jaime Drago


دوناييفتسي (Дунаївці) هي مدينة في مقاطعة دوناييفتسي رايون إقليم خملنيتسكي أوبلاست في أوكرانيا. تقع المدينة على نهر تيرنافكا، على بعد 22 كم من محطة السكة الحديد دونايفتسي و 68 كم من خملنيتسكى. بلغ عدد السكان 16,223 في عام 2012. وبها محطة تقوية ومصاننع للآلات الكهربائية وتصنيع الزبدة.

مراجع

مدن أوكرانيا
مدن في مقاطعة خملنيتسكي
مواقع هولوكوست في أوكرانيا

دونايفتسي


Kasper Dolberg Rasmussen (Silkeborg, 6. listopada 1997.) danski je nogometaš koji igra na poziciji napadača. Trenutačno igra za Anderlecht i dansku nogometnu reprezentaciju.

Klupska karijera

Silkeborg IF
Dana 17. svibnja 2015. godine odigrao je svoju prvu seniorsku utakmicu za Silkeborg IF u gostima protiv Brøndbya IF, zamijenivši Adeolu Lanra Runsewea u 63. minuti. Silkeborg je tu utakmicu izgubio 0:2.

Ajax
Dana 5. siječnja 2015. čelnici Ajaxa najavili su dolazak tada 17-godišnjega Dolberga te potpis ugovora od ljeta 2015. do ljeta 2018. Dana 13. svibnja 2016. godine Dolberg je prihvatio produljenje ugovora do 2021. godine.

Dana 26. srpnja 2016. godine Dolberg je zabio svoj prvi europski pogodak u kvalifikacijskoj utakmici Lige prvaka protiv grčkog PAOK-a. Na kraju utakmice rezultat je bio 1:1. Prvu utakmicu u nizozemskoj ligi odigrao je dana 7. kolovoza 2016. godine u gostujućoj utakmici protiv Sparte iz Rotterdama, kao zamjena za Matea Cassierru. Ajax je pobijedio 1:3. Tjedan dana kasnije bio je u početnoj postavi protiv Rode JC te je zabio oba Ajaxova gola. Završilo je 2:2. Dana 29. rujna 2016. zabio je jedini pogodak u pobjedi od 1:0 protiv Standard Liègea u grupnoj fazi Europske lige. Dana 20. studenoga 2016. godine zabio je hat-trick u prvom poluvremenu protiv NEC-a. Ajax je pobijedio 5:0, a Dolberg je postao najmlađi strani igrač koji je zabio hat-trick za Ajax. Dana 9. ožujka 2017. Dolberg je zabio u porazu od 1:2 protiv Kopenhagena u prvoj utakmici osmine finala Europske lige. Sudjelovao je u finalu Europske lige u kojem je Ajax izgubio od Manchester Uniteda rezultatom 0:2. Izašao je u 62. minuti te ga je zamijenio David Neres.

Dana 22. listopada 2017. godine zabio je dvaput u pobjedi od 1:4 protiv rivala Feyenoorda. Dana 20. rujna 2017. godine zabio je hat-trick u prvoj fazi KNVB kupa u pobjedi od 1:5 protiv SVV Scheveningena. Dana 26. studenoga 2017. godine zabio je u pobjedi od 5:1 protiv Rode JC.

Nice
OGC Nice je 2019. godine platio 20,5 milijuna eura za Dolberga koji je potpisao ugovor dana 29. kolovoza iste godine. Svoj prvi pogodak za francuski klub zabio je dana 21. rujna 2019. u pobjedi od 2:1 protiv Dijona. Dana 2. veljače 2020. zabio je 2 gola u pobjedi od 2:1 protiv Lyona. U posljednjoj utakmici sezone (koja je obustavljena zbog pandemije koronavirusa) dana 7. ožujka 2020. Dolberg je zabio 2 gola u pobjedi od 2:1 protiv Monaca. Nice je na kraju obustavljene sezone završio na petom mjestu što mu je omogućilo prolaz u grupnu fazu Europske lige.

Dolberg je u sezoni 2020./21. prve zgoditke postigao protiv Strasbourga dana 29. kolovoza 2020. u pobjedi od 0:2. Nije postigao nijedan pogodak u grupnoj fazi Europske lige te je Nice završio na zadnjem mjestu sa samo jednom pobjedom i pet poraza. Dana 4. travnja 2021. zabio je dva pogotka u pobjedi od 1:2 protiv Nantesa.

Reprezentativna karijera
U studenome 2016. godine Dolberg je dobio poziv u seniorsku momčad za utakmice protiv Kazahstana i Češke. Prvi nastup za reprezentaciju imao je dana 11. studenoga 2016. godine u utakmici protiv Kazahstana koju je Danska dobila rezultatom 4:1. Dana 10. lipnja 2017., u pobjedi od 1:3 protiv Kazahstana, Dolberg je ušao u 68. minuti umjesto Yussufa Poulsena te zabio svoj prvi pogodak za reprezentaciju u 81. minuti.

U svibnju 2018. stavljen je na širi popis igrača za Svjetsko prvenstvo u Rusiji 2018. godine.

U svibnju 2021. stavljen je na popis igrača za Europsko prvenstvo 2020. U osmini finala protiv Walesa 26. lipnja 2021. zabio je 2 pogotka u visokoj pobjedi Danske 4:0.

Statistike

Klupska karijera
Ažurirano 8. travnja 2021.

Reprezentativna karijera
Ažurirano 8. travnja 2021.

Reprezentativni pogodci

Nagrade

Ekipne nagrade

Ajax
 Eredivisie: 2018./19.
 KNVB kup: 2018./19.
 Johan Cruijff Superkup: 2019.
 UEFA Europska liga – 2. mjesto: 2016./17.

Individualne nagrade
 Mladi danski nogometaš godine: 2016.
 Ajax – talent godine: 2017.
 Talent godine nizozemskoga nogometa: 2016./17.
 Nice – igrač sezone: 2019./20.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Kasper Dolberg na službenoj stranici Danskog nogometnog saveza

Danski nogometaši
Nogometaši Ajaxa
Nogometaši Anderlechta
Nogometaši Hoffenheima
Nogometaši OGC Nicea
Nogometaši Seville
Aktivni nogometaši

Kasper Dolberg


Occulonimbus edoequus, o alienígena de Nope, também conhecido como Jean Jacket, é um gigantesco animal alienígena fictício. O único membro conhecido desta espécie foi inicialmente identificado como uma nave alienígena, mas depois acabou sendo um animal metamorfo alienígena.

Etimologia
"Occulonimbus edoequus" se originou do latim e significa literalmente "como um cavalo com o olho de uma nuvem", mas melhor se traduz como "Nuvens escuras ocultas comedoras de garanhões".

Descrição e características
Em sua forma natural, o alienígena se assemelha a uma grande água-viva com um olho singular em formato quadrado, protegido por centenas de cílios protetores em forma de fita verde. Esses cílios balançam e ondulam em um padrão que atrai animais selvagens e humanos desavisados. Ele flutua no ar e se esconde nas nuvens. O animal emprega seus braços para transformar sua aparência em um OVNI convencional.

Digestão
O Occulonimbus edoequus é um animal carnívoro, sendo deste modo a carne um alimento fácil de digerir. Ele parece ser um especialista em cavalos. Também pode digerir humanos. A boca do O. edoequus se estende para engolir sua presa inteira.

Extraterrestres fictícios
Espécies fictícias

Occulonimbus edoequus


The Australian Shepherd is a breed of herding dog from the United States. The name of the breed is technically a misnomer, as it was developed in California in the 19th century, although it has its origins in Asturias, in the northwest of Spain; the breed was unknown in Australia at the time. It is claimed that Australian Shepherds descend from a variety of herding breeds, including collies imported, alongside sheep, from Australia and New Zealand; the breed reportedly took its name from this trade. Originally used solely as a herding dog, the Australian Shepherd has become one of the most popular companion dog breeds in North America.

History

The Australian Shepherd descends in part from pastoral dogs brought to herd Spanish flocks in North America as early as the 1500s. There is some speculation that these dogs included the Carea Leonés, a mountain sheepdog that can display the eye color and merle coat found in many contemporary Australian Shepherds. It is sometimes claimed that the Basque Shepherd Dog and the Pyrenean Sheepdog were also among the ancestors of the breed. The breed as it is known today developed in California in the 19th century, as a sheep herding dog for Californian shepherds. The Australian Shepherd is believed to have developed from a variety of herding dogs imported to California with sheep imports, including collies from Australia and New Zealand. It was from these ancestors that the breed took its name.

The Australian Shepherd spread from California throughout the Western United States where it became extremely popular with ranchers who valued the breed's sheep working qualities, as well as their ability to handle cattle and other livestock. A purely working breed for over a century, the Australian Shepherd was virtually unknown outside of the livestock industry until the mid-20th century when the breed was popularised by Jay Lister, a rodeo performer, at rodeos across the western states with his Australian Shepherds performing all manner of tricks. A breed club was soon formed to promote the breed, the Australian Shepherd Club of America, and kennel club recognition followed in 1979 when the breed was recognised by the United Kennel Club. The breed was subsequently recognised by the American Kennel Club in the 1990s and later the Fédération Cynologique International.

From the late-20th century the Australian Shepherd has increasingly been seen in conformation shows and it has become an extremely popular companion dog, in 2019 it was ranked by the American Kennel Club as the 15th most popular breed of dog in the United States.

Description

Appearance

The Australian Shepherd is a medium-sized, athletic breed; they typically stand between  and weigh between . The parent club, the Australian Shepherd Club of America's breed standard states dogs should stand between  and inches
between ; the standard does allow individual animals to exceed these limits slightly.

The Australian Shepherd has a moderately long and wavy double coat that has a dense undercoat and coarse topcoat; the coat is short on the face and well feathered on the rear of the legs. The breed is known for its unique colorations and variable coat patterns, it being said no two dogs sharing a coat. The breed standard allows for blue merle, red merle, solid black or solid red, with or without white markings and with or without tan points.

Examples of the breed can be born with long or naturally bobbed (short) tails; traditionally long tailed dogs had their tails docked, although some countries outside of the United States do not allow docking and so some long tailed and partial bob tails are allowed to be exhibited in those countries.

Temperament
The Australian Shepherd is described as intelligent, active, loyal, protective, playful, and adaptive. The modern breed is predominantly bred for pets; despite this, many retain a strong herding instinct and it is not uncommon for companion dogs of the breed to try to herd children or other pets. A very active breed, the Australian Shepherd is known to become destructive if it does not receive adequate exercise.

Health
Australian Shepherds are generally a healthy breed, but they can have several health problems. Vision problems are common, and epilepsy is also a concern. Australian Shepherds can develop hip problems. In merle-to-merle breeding, the puppies that have inherited two copies of the merle gene have an increased risk of being born blind or deaf.

Mortality

The median lifespans for breeds similar in size to Australian Shepherds are mostly between 11 and 13 years.

Results of a 1998 internet survey with a sample size of 614 Australian Shepherds indicated a median longevity around 12.5 years, but that longevity may be declining.

Morbidity
Based on a sample of 48 still-living dogs, the most common health concerns noted by owners were eye problems (red eye, epiphora, conjunctivitis, and cataracts).  Dermatological and respiratory problems also ranked high.

Collie eye anomaly (CEA) is rare in the breed, but it and cataracts are a concern in Aussies. Other conditions of note include iris coloboma, canine hip dysplasia, Pelger-Huet anomaly, hypothyroidism, and nasal solar dermatitis. Prior to breeding, the Aussie should be checked for hip and elbow dysplasia and DNA tests performed to show the dog to be free of the MDR1 mutation, cataract mutation, and CEA. Tests should also include those for thyroidism and clearances for other known eye diseases like colobomas, progressive retinal atrophy, and retinal folds.

Some Australian Shepherds (as well as Collies, German Shepherds, and many other herding dogs) are susceptible to a genetic mutation of the MDR1 gene. Dogs with the mutation can suffer toxicity from antiparasitics such as ivermectin in high doses, and other drugs.  A test is available to determine if a particular dog carries the mutated gene.

Hip dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is a heritable condition where the femur does not fit securely in the pelvic socket of the hip joint. This problem can exist with or without clinical signs, meaning some dogs feel pain in one or both rear legs.

Double merle

Double merle or homozygous merle occurs when the offspring of two merled parents inherit two copies of the dominant merle gene. The odds of this are 25% for each pup born from such a litter. Double merles often have excessive light or white areas and can have hearing and vision problems as a result of having two copies of the merle gene. Homozygous merles can be deaf or blind, or express iris colobomas, retinal detachment, cataracts, persistent pupillary membrane, a displacement of the lens, equatorial staphyloma, night blindness and microphthalmia. Audio impairment or deafness usually develops after the birth of a puppy with their ear canal still closed. The white color of double merles is produced due to the lack of melanocytes which provide high potassium levels in the endolymph surrounding the cochlea's hair cells. There is no surgery or treatment that can reduce the damage. Loss of hearing is directly linked to the amount of pigmentation cells a dog has. The same pigment that is lacking in the ear can also be lacking in the eyes, affecting its development. Although many believe that only dogs with blue eyes have eye problems, it is not correct. Due to the contrast between eye problems and blue eyes, eye conditions in blue-eyed dogs are much easier to spot.

Not all homozygous merles are affected, but most are, making the breeding of two merles a very touchy subject. Some breeders euthanize mostly white pups, while others may attempt to sell them as "rare" white Aussies without disclosing the potential for health defects. A large percentage of homozygous merles sold eventually end up in rescue and shelters, as the average family is ill-prepared to take on a deaf or blind pet. However, deaf or blind Australian shepherds can make wonderful pets given a home prepared for their special needs. They are an intelligent breed, which generally learn hand signals with ease.

The term "lethal white" originated from horses born with lethal white syndrome, and has since evolved to often describe dogs born with the double merle trait. This trait is found in many breeds, but most commonly found in Australian Shepherds. The name "lethal white" is a misnomer, as this genetic condition is not lethal to the dogs; it is often the breeder who is lethal to the pups by culling them immediately after birth. Many consider the term "lethal white" to be derogatory.

Activities
Like other herding breeds, these dogs excel at many dog sports, especially herding also known as stockdog, dog agility, dock diving/dock jumping, obedience, rally, tracking, disc, and flyball. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive instinct tests. Aussies that exhibit basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in ASCA stock dog trials or AKC herding events.

The dog has a stride in which its front and back legs cross over, making for an appearance of "on the edge" speed. The dogs instinctively use a "pounce" position to deal with cattle trying to kick them. They also have strong hips and legs, allowing for fast acceleration and high jumping, sometimes as high as 4 ft (1.3 m).

An Australian shepherd named Pockets is credited as being the oldest dog to earn a title in AKC history, having earned the Rally Novice title at the age of 15 years, 5 weeks.

See also
 Dogs portal
 List of dog breeds

References

Further reading

External links

Dog breeds originating in the United States
FCI breeds
Herding dogs
Dogs in the United States

Australian Shepherd


الجحيم هي رواية للكاتب الفرنسي هنري باربوس أصدرها عام 1918.

الحبكة الروائية
يعتبر كولن ولسن بطل رواية الجحيم لهنري باربوس مثلاً على اللامنتمي النموذجي في الأدب الحديث ، وتدور الرواية على أن هذا البطل يلجأ إلى غرفته في الفندق ليغلق بابها ويعيش ليراقب الآخرين من ثقب الباب، وتنطلق أفكاره بصورة غامضة عن حب قديم وما فيه من ملاذ جسدية، إلى الموت وهو أهم الأفكار أطلاقا، ويراقب من مكانه الغرفة التالية من ثقب في الجدار ليرى امرأة تتعرى فتلهب جسمه بسياط الشهوة. إنه يرى أكثر وأعمق مما يجب، وهو لا يرى إلا الفوضى.
والحق أن باربوس يريد أن يقنعنا بأن اللامنتمي إنسان لا يستطيع الحياة في عالم البورجوازيين المريح المنعزل أو قبول ما يراه ويلمسه في الواقع، لأن البورجوازي يرى العالم مكاناً منظماً تنظيماً جوهرياً وتمنعه دقائق حياته اليومية من الاهتمام بعنصر القلق المرعب الذي يحيط به. أما اللامنتمي فإنه لا يرى العالم معقولاً ولا منظماً، ويقذف بمعانيه الفوضوية في وجه دعة البرجوازي وهو يحس الكآبة العميقة ويشعر بأن الحقيقة يجب أن تقال مهما كلف الأمر، وإلا فلن يكون الإصلاح ممكناً.

انظر أيضا
 هنري باربوس

المراجع

خيانة زوجية في روايات
رمزية
روايات 1918
روايات إغرائية فرنسية
روايات إل جي بي تي في عقد 1900
روايات تجري أحداثها في باريس
روايات سحاقية
روايات فرنسية
روايات فرنسية في 1908

الجحيم (رواية)


The C class was a group of twenty-eight light cruisers of the Royal Navy, and were built in a sequence of seven groups known as the Caroline class (six ships), the Calliope class (two ships), the Cambrian class (four ships), the Centaur class (two ships), the Caledon class (four ships), the Ceres class (five ships) and the Carlisle class (five ships). They were built for the rough conditions of the North Sea, and proved to be rugged and capable vessels, despite being somewhat small and cramped.

The Caroline class

The Caroline class were all ordered in July and August 1913, as the first six of eight "light armoured cruisers" under the 1913 programme. The ships were launched in 1914 or 1915 and commissioned in 1915. They had an armament of two single 6 in aft, eight 4 in and two 6-pounder guns. Their anti-aircraft (A/A) weaponry consisted of four 3-pounder. Their aft 6 in guns were superfiring; the class had three funnels. During the First World War, the ships of the class underwent a variety of alterations, including the removal of the  guns in Caroline, Carysfort and Comus, being replaced by two extra  guns, while Cleopatra, Conquest and Cordelia retained one or two of the  guns, with two 2-pounder guns being added to some of the ships.

Ships
  was built by Cammell Laird and Company, Birkenhead. She was laid down on 28 January 1914, launched on 29 September 1914, and completed in December. She became a drill ship for the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in April 1924 and fulfilled that role in Alexandra Dock, Belfast until 31 March 2011, when she was decommissioned. In May 2013 the Heritage Lottery Fund announced an £845,600 grant to support her conversion to a museum.
  was built by Pembroke Dockyard. Laid down on 25 February 1914, she was launched on 14 November 1914, and completed in June 1915. She was sold for breaking up in August 1931.
  was built by Devonport Dockyard. Laid down on 26 February 1914, she was launched on 14 January 1915, and completed in June. She was sold for breaking up in June 1931.
  was built by Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson, Wallsend on Tyne. Laid down on 3 November 1913, she was launched on 16 December 1914, and completed in January 1915. She was sold for breaking up on 28 July 1934.
  was built by Chatham Dockyard. She was laid down on 3 March 1914, launched on 20 January 1915, and completed in June. She was sold for breaking up on 29 August 1930.
  was built by Pembroke Dockyard. She was laid down on 21 July 1913, launched on 23 February 1914, and completed in June. She was sold for breaking up 31 July 1923.

The Calliope class
The two ships of the Calliope sub-class - HMS Calliope and Champion - were the last pair of the eight "light armoured cruisers" to be ordered in July and August 1914 under the 1913 Programme. They both had geared turbines, the first Royal Navy cruisers to be so fitted. They also had increased belt armour; Champion had just two screws. They were commissioned in mid to late 1915, as modifications to the Caroline subclass with higher speeds, a more efficient boiler layout and a reduction in the number of funnels to two. The two ships had different machinery types for comparative purposes. Calliope and Champion underwent similar gun armament modifications to the Caroline subclass. They also had underwater tubes rather than the deck mounted weapons of the Caroline subclass and were given two twin deck mounted torpedo tubes during the war but these were later removed to reduce top weight.

Ships
 : Built by Chatham Dockyard, she was laid down on 1 January 1914, and launched on 17 December; she was completed in June 1915. She was sold for breaking up on 28 August 1931.
 : Built by R. & W. Hawthorn Leslie and Company, Hebburn on Tyne, she was laid on down 9 March 1914, launched on 29 May 1915, and completed in December 1915. She was sold for breaking up on 28 July 1934.

The Cambrian class
The Cambrian class were ordered in September 1914 under the 1914-15 Programme, and commissioned between 1915 and 1916. The ships had two funnels rather than the three of the Caroline subclass, following on from the developments in the Calliope subclass. The Cambrian subclass had similar armament to the previous sub-class, with their main armament being four  guns in single mounts. Their secondary armament consisted of eight  guns. They were later removed, with Canterbury and Champion retaining one single  gun. The rest of the ships used either two or three  guns.

Ships
 ; she was built by Pembroke Dockyard, having been laid down on 8 December 1914, she was launched on 3 March 1916, and completed in May. She was sold for breaking up on 28 July 1934.
 , built by John Brown and Company, Clydebank; she was laid down on 14 October 1914, and launched on 21 December 1915; she was completed in May 1916. She was sold for breaking up on 28 July 1934.
 ; she was built by Cammell Laird, having been laid down on 28 October 1914; she was launched on 28 July 1915, and completed in November. She was sold for breaking up on 30 July 1936.
 , was built by Cammell Laird; she was laid down on 25 January 1915, launched 12 September, and completed in January 1916. She was sold for breaking up on 8 June 1936.

The Centaur class

The Centaur subclass were ordered in December 1914, and built using materials originally intended for two scout cruisers to be built for Turkey. These vessels were launched and commissioned in 1916. The class also had geared turbines as well as four screws. They retained the two funnels introduced to the C class by the Cambrians. Their main armament was five 6 in guns in single mounts. Their  guns were mostly replaced in a similar fashion to the previous sub-classes, with smaller calibre weapons.

Ships
 ; she was built by Sir W.G. Armstrong-Whitworth & Co., Ltd., Walker on Tyne; she was laid down on 24 January 1915, launched on 6 January 1916, and completed in August 1916. She was sold for breaking up in February 1934.
 ; she was built by Armstrong-Whitworth having been laid down on 1 February 1915, launched on 1 April 1916, and completed in December. She was sold for breaking up in August 1935.

The Caledon class

The Caledon class were all ordered in December 1915 and commissioned in 1917. The ships retained the two funnels of the previous two sub-classes. Their propulsion was slightly different from the previous sub-classes. Their superstructure was also slightly altered. They had a main armament of five  guns and a secondary armament of two 3 in guns, as well as an AA armament of four 3 pounder guns. The surviving ships of the class saw World War II, undergoing a number of modifications along the way. Five Oerlikon 20 mm cannons were added to all ships. Caledon herself had a different armament, as she underwent an extensive rebuild to become an AA cruiser. She was armed with the effective  gun, of which she had twelve, two 40 mm Bofors and eight 20 mm Oerlikons.

Ships
  was built by Cammell Laird; she was laid down on 17 March 1916, launched on 25 November, and was completed in March 1917. She became an AA ship in December 1943; she was sold for breaking up on 22 January 1948.
  was built by Hawthorn Leslie; she was laid down on 7 February 1916, launched on 24 January 1917, and completed in June. She was sunk by the Italian submarine  south of Crete on 12 June 1940.
  was built by Vickers, Barrow in Furness; she was laid down March 1916, launched 25 November 1916, and completed in June 1917. She was sunk by a mine in the Baltic on 5 December 1918.
  was built by Scott's Shipuilding and Engineering Company in Greenock; she was laid down on 21 February 1916, launched 23 December, and was completed in June 1917. She became a base ship in April 1944, and was sold for breaking up in May 1946.

The Ceres class

The Ceres class were ordered in March and April 1916 and commissioned in 1917 and 1918. These ships were very "wet" forward, which was remedied in the subsequent Carlisle sub-class with the addition of a "trawler bow". Their main armament consisted of five  guns, while their secondary armament consisted of two  weapons, of which a further one was later added to Ceres herself. Four 3-pounder guns were also fitted.

Three ships underwent extensive rebuilds during the 1930s, becoming anti-aircraft (AA) cruisers, resulting in all previous armament being removed. The ships were Coventry, Curacoa and Curlew, with Curacoa being the last of the three to be rebuilt in 1939; the other two ships having been converted in 1935. Coventry and Curlew were given ten QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun for their AA role, disposed in single mounts one forward, three on each beam and three aft. Sixteen QF 2-pounder naval gun Mark VIII as two 8-barelled Mark VI mountings ("multiple pom-poms") were fitted aft (one removed by 1939). Torpedo tubes were removed, and two High-Angle HACS gun directors and a Pom-Pom director added. Curacoa received similar gun directors but a slightly different armament, being equipped with eight QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun in twin mountings replacing 6 inch guns number 1,3,4 and 5; and four QF 2-pounder naval gun Mark VIII as a 4-barelled Mark VII mounting ("multiple pom-pom") replacing 6 inch gun number 2 forward of the bridge. Later on in the Second World War, four 20 mm Oerlikons were added. Cardiff and Ceres were to have undergone the same conversion, but this was prevented by the outbreak of war.

Ships
  was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, in Govan; she was laid down on 22 July 1916, and launched on 12 April; she was completed in June 1917. She was sold for breaking up on 23 January 1946.
  built by John Brown; she was laid down on 11 July 1916, launched on 24 March 1917, and completed in June. She was sold for breaking up on 5 April 1946.
  was built by Swan Hunter; she was laid down on 4 August 1916, launched on 6 July 1917, and completed in February 1918. She became an AA ship in 1937; but was sunk by aircraft off Tobruk in the Mediterranean on 14 September 1942.
  was built by Pembroke Dockyard; she was laid down in July 1916, launched on 5 May 1917, and completed in February 1918. She became an AA ship in 1939; she was sunk in a collision with RMS Queen Mary north of Ireland on 2 October 1942.
  was built by Vickers; she was laid down on 21 August 1916, launched on 5 July 1917, and was completed in December 1917. She became an AA ship in 1938; but was sunk by aircraft in Ofotfjord, Norway, on 26 May 1940.

The Carlisle class

The Carlisle class were ordered in June and July 1917 under the War Emergency Programme, and commissioned between 1918 and 1922. They differed from the previous sub-class, with the addition of a "trawler bow" which raised the bow higher, as well as having no conning tower. They had an armament of five  guns in single mounts, while their secondary armament consisted of two  guns, four 3-pounders and two 2-pounder guns.

Ships
  was built by Cammell Laird, Birkenhead; she was laid down on 28 November 1917, launched on 19 November 1918, and completed on 23 September 1919. She became an AA ship in 1939; she was sunk by the Italian submarine Axum in the Mediterranean on 12 August 1942.
  was built by Vickers, Barrow in Furness; she was laid down on 18 October 1917, launched on 9 July 1918, and completed in August 1919. She became an AA ship in 1939; she was sunk by air attack during the evacuation of Crete on 1 June 1941.
  was built by Cammell Laird; she was laid down 23 February 1918, launched on 28 June 1919 and then towed to Pembroke Dockyard where she was completed in April 1922. She was sold for breaking up on 5 April 1946.
  (ex-Cawnpore), was built by the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan; she was laid down on 2 October 1917 and launched on 9 July 1918; she was completed in November 1918. She became an AA ship in 1939; she then became a base ship in 1944; she was sold for breaking up at Alexandria in 1948.
  was built by Fairfield; she was laid down on 8 December 1917, launched 18 December 1918, and completed in July 1919. She became an AA ship in 1943; she was sold for breaking up on 22 January 1948.

All ships of the class except Colombo and Capetown were converted into AA cruisers in 1939, although Capetown received six 20 mm guns and radar. The ships' main armament consisted of eight  guns in four twin turrets with varying numbers of 20 mm Oerlikons being added. Colombo was finally converted to an AA cruiser in 1942, with her armament consisting of eight  guns and six 20 mm Oerlikons. All the AA cruiser conversions followed a similar pattern to that of HMS Curacoa (D41).

First World War service
In March 1916, Cleopatra rammed and sank the German destroyer  while she covered a raid at Tondern. Ships of the C class were extensively involved later that year in the Battle of Jutland. In 1917, Centaur hit mines that blew her bow and stern off. Despite the extensive damage, Centaur survived and was repaired. The year also saw ships of the class involved in action at the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight.

In 1918, Cardiff had the honour of leading the  German High Seas Fleet to the River Forth, where the ships were held before being moved to various other ports.

No C-class ships were lost during the First World War; however, in December 1918, Cassandra hit a mine and subsequently sank.

Ships of the C class performed a variety of duties after World War I, including service on overseas stations. In 1919, Curacoa hit a mine that badly damaged her, but she survived and was repaired. The Caroline, Cambrian and Centaur classes were all scrapped or consigned to minor roles, such as training ships, by the 1930s.

Conversion
In the mid-1930s it was decided to modernize and refit the C class cruisers for anti-aircraft work. The aim was to convert all 13 cruisers of the late C (Caledon, Ceres and Carlisle) classes. The conversions between 1935 and 1936 of HMS Coventry and Curlew served as prototypes.

Coventry and Curlew first had all armament removed. This was replaced with 10 single mount 4 inch high angle (HA) guns and two eight-barreled 2-pounder "pom-pom" mounts. The previous gun directors were removed and replaced with two suitable for anti-aircraft gun control. To keep costs down, only limited structural work was carried out, but the masts were altered. In 1938, because of a shortage of this weapon, the aft pom-pom was removed and fitted on another ship, being replaced by two quadruple  Vickers machine gun mounts.

The modifications were considered successful and plans for the conversion of the other eleven ships were drawn up. However, these conversions were delayed;  the conversions of Cairo and Calcutta did not start until 1938. Instead of single 4 inch guns, they were to receive twin HA mounts, except that one mount was given over to a quadruple pom-pom. In mid-1939, Carlisle and Curacoa went in for their conversions, but the work ceased on the outbreak of war.

Second World War service
The Caledon, Ceres and Carlisle-class ships served in the Second World War, despite their age.

Calypso caught the German blockade-runner Konsul Hendrik Fisser in 1939. That same year, Caradoc intercepted the German tanker Emmy Friedrich, whose crew subsequently scuttled her. A number of ships took part in the Norwegian campaign in 1940.

The C class were also extensively used in the Mediterranean Sea; the first notable engagement by a ship of the class being Coventrys participation in the Battle of Cape Spartivento in 1940.

In 1941, Calcutta and Carlisle took part in the Battle of Cape Matapan, in which a number of Italian warships were sunk. C-class cruisers also took part in the campaign and evacuation of Crete, coming up against heavy German opposition from the air. In 1942, Carlisle took part in the Second Battle of Sirte, and Cairo in the Battle of Pantelleria.

Colombo and Caledon went in for their refits in 1942/43 – getting 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikons alongside the twin mounts.

In 1943, Carlisle was badly damaged by German aircraft, but did not sink. She became a base ship in Alexandria Harbour until 1945.

Capetown provided support to the Normandy Landings in 1944, bombarding German positions.

Six ships of the C class were lost during the war:
Curlew was sunk by German aircraft off Narvik during the Norwegian campaign on 26 May 1940;
Calypso was sunk by the Italian submarine  on 12 June 1940;
Calcutta was attacked and sunk by German aircraft during the evacuation of Crete on 1 June 1941;
Cairo was sunk on 12 August 1942 by the  during Operation Pedestal (the pivotal resupply of Malta);
Coventry was badly damaged by German aircraft while covering a raid on Tobruk on 14 September 1942, forcing the destroyer  to scuttle her; and
Curacoa was sunk after colliding with the ocean liner  on 2 October 1942.

The survivor
 remained the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve drill ship in Alexandra Dock, Belfast until 31 March 2011, when she was decommissioned. Despite ongoing alterations throughout her lifetime, many parts of the ship still date to when she was originally commissioned in 1914. In 2016 she was opened to the public as a museum ship.

See also
List of ship classes of the Second World War

Notes

References

External links

Allied light cruisers at Uboat.net
WWI British light cruisers

Cruiser classes
Ship classes of the Royal Navy

C-class cruiser


Der Konica Cup war eine internationale Meisterschaft im Badminton in Singapur. Im Februar 1987 wurde er erstmals ausgetragen und als Konica Cup – The Invitational Asian Badminton Championships bezeichnet. Zwei weitere Austragungen folgten bis 1989, ehe er von 1990 bis 1998 in Kombination mit den Singapur Open ausgetragen wurde.

Die Sieger

Einzelnachweise

Liste (Badminton)

Konica Cup


An Stipa richardsonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Friedrich Link. An Stipa richardsonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stipa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Stipa

Stipa richardsonii


චීන ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් විදුලිය () යනු මහජන චීන සමූහාණ්ඩුවේ රජයේ ගුවන්විදුලි නාලිකාවක් වේ.

චීනය

චීන ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් විදුලිය


Mioči su naseljeno mjesto u općini Kakanj, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 182

 Srbi - 122
 Muslimani - 57
 Jugoslaveni - 1
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 2

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 31

 Bošnjaci - 30
 Srbi - 1

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David Martin Hinchliffe (born 14 October 1948) is a British former Labour politician who was Member of Parliament for Wakefield from 1987 to 2005 when he stood down and was replaced by Mary Creagh.

Early life
He went to Lawefield Lane Primary School, then Cathedral School (now Cathedral Academy) on Thornes Road in Wakefield. After Wakefield Technical College, he went to Leeds Polytechnic (now Leeds Beckett University) where he gained a Certificate of Qualification in Social Work in 1971. He gained an MA in Social Work and Community Work from the University of Bradford in 1978. He was a social worker in Leeds from 1968 to 1979. He was a Social Work tutor for Kirklees Council from 1980 to 1987. He played Rugby League from the age of 8, going up through all the ranks to Open-Age rugby. He was playing hooker for Walnut Warriors of Wakefield, against Rossington from Doncaster, when he was concussed and after a couple of days in hospital he retired from playing, aged 29.

Parliamentary career
He was Chair of the Health Select Committee.

He was a founder and first secretary of the All-Party Parliamentary Rugby League Group in 1988.

Hinchliffe, along with the All-Party Group, campaigned against what he described as "one of the longest (and daftest) grievances in history" that meant anyone over the age of 18 associated with rugby league was banned forever from rugby union, himself included. With the Rugby League Group, he highlighted the lack of official recognition to rugby league in the form of Honours, was instrumental in the lifting of a ban on rugby league in the British armed forces in 1994 and helped the sport to expand beyond its heartlands more freely by exerting pressure on the Rugby Football Union to end its discrimination against even amateur league players.

In 1998 he led the enquiry by the Health Select Committee into "The Welfare of Former British Child Migrants" following the exposure of the scandal by Margaret Humphreys in her book "Empty Cradles". As a result of the report, in 2010 the UK Government issued an apology to all Child Migrants.

Personal life
He married Julia North on 17 July 1982. They have a son, Robert (born October 1985) and a daughter, Rebecca (born May 1988).

References

External links
Ask Aristotle
They Work For You

1948 births
Living people
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
Alumni of Leeds Beckett University
Alumni of the University of Bradford
Rugby league people in England
Politics of Wakefield
People educated at Wakefield Technical College

David Hinchliffe


Richard Knolles (vers 1545 - juillet 1610) est un historien et traducteur anglais, connu pour son récit historique de l'Empire ottoman, la première description majeure en anglais.

Biographie
Originaire du Northamptonshire, Knolles est né dans les années 1540, probablement à Cold Ashby. Il fait ses études au Lincoln College d'Oxford, où il obtient un BA en janvier 1565. Knolles devient alors Fellow du Lincoln College et y obtient sa maîtrise en juillet 1570. Quelque temps après 1571, il quitte Oxford pour devenir directeur d'un lycée à Sandwich, Kent, fondé par Sir Roger Manwood vers 1563 .

Après la mort de Manwood en 1592, son fils, Sir Peter, devient le patron professionnel et littéraire de Knolles et l'encourage à écrire .

Knolles meurt à Sandwich en juillet 1610 et est enterré dans l'église St Mary .

Œuvres
En 1603, Knolles publie son Histoire générale des Turcs, dont plusieurs éditions paraissent par la suite, parmi lesquelles l'édition de Paul Rycaut (1700). L'édition de Rycaut comprend son récit de son séjour à Constantinople en tant que secrétaire de l'ambassadeur d'Angleterre. Alors que le sujet des Turcs est très populaire à l'époque où Knolles écrit, avec environ 1 000 ouvrages sur les Turcs publiés en Europe entre 1501 et 1550 , l'histoire de Knolles est la première chronique des aspects militaires et politiques de l'Empire ottoman à écrire en anglais. Les histoires précédentes n'étaient disponibles qu'en latin et n'étaient donc pas largement diffusées.

Knolles publie également une traduction composite des Six livres de la République de Jean Bodin en 1606, sous le titre Les Six Bookes d'un Commonwealth. Il est basé à la fois sur les versions française et latine du texte de Bodin et est dédié à Sir Peter Manwood.

Il achève une traduction du latin de Britannia de William Camden, que l'on disait « très estimée » par Camden, mais qui n'est jamais publiée. Le manuscrit est conservé à la Bibliothèque Bodléienne d'Oxford .

Références

Liens externes

Étudiant de Lincoln College (Oxford)
Écrivain anglais du XVIIe siècle
Historien anglais
Décès en juillet 1610

Richard Knolles


Senad Jarović (født den 20. januar 1998) er en bosnisk fodboldspiller, der spiller som en angriber for SønderjyskE i den danske Superliga.

Han har også tysk statsborgerskab.

Klub karriere
Han fik sin professionelle debut i den slovenske PrvaLiga for NK Domžale den 28. februar 2016 i en kamp mod NK Krka og scorede i sin debut.

Den 10. februar 2019 underskrev Jarović en kontrakt med SønderjyskE i den danske Superliga indtil sommeren 2022.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 PrvaLiga profil
 Senad Jarović WorldFootball.net
 Senad Jarović på Soccerway

Fodboldspillere fra SønderjyskE
Angribere (fodbold)
Fodboldspillere fra Bosnien-Hercegovina
Pages with unreviewed translations

Senad Jarović


Urban economics is broadly the economic study of urban areas; as such, it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance. More specifically, it is a branch of microeconomics that studies the urban spatial structure and the location of households and firms .

Historically, much like economics generally, urban economics was influenced by multiple schools of thought, including original institutional economics and Marxist economics. These heterodox economic currents continue to be used  in contemporary political-economic analyses of cities. But, most urban economics today is neoclassical in orientation and centred largely around urban experiences in the Global North (Obeng-Odoom 2016:1-4). This dominant urban economics also influences mainstream media like The Economist (Obeng-Odoom 2023). Today, much urban economic analysis relies on a particular model of urban spatial structure, the monocentric city model pioneered in the 1960s by William Alonso, Richard Muth, and Edwin Mills. While most other forms of neoclassical economics do not account for spatial relationships between individuals and organizations, urban economics focuses on these spatial relationships to understand the economic motivations underlying the formation, functioning, and development of cities.

Since its formulation in 1964, Alonso's monocentric city model of a disc-shaped Central Business District (CBD) and the surrounding residential region has served as a starting point for urban economic analysis. Monocentricity has weakened over time because of changes in technology, particularly, faster and cheaper transportation (which makes it possible for commuters to live farther from their jobs in the CBD) and communications (which allow back-office operations to move out of the CBD).

Additionally, recent research has sought to explain the polycentricity described in Joel Garreau's Edge City. Several explanations for polycentric expansion have been proposed and summarized in models that account for factors such as utility gains from lower average land rents and increasing (or constant) returns due to economies of agglomeration .

Introduction
Urban economics is rooted in the location theories of von Thünen, Alonso, Christaller, and Lösch that began the process of spatial economic analysis . Economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources, and as all economic phenomena take place within a geographical space, urban economics focuses on the allocation of resources across space in relation to urban areas  . Other branches of economics ignore the spatial aspects of decision making but urban economics focuses not only on the location decisions of firms but also of cities themselves as cities themselves represent centers of economic activity .

Many spatial economic topics can be analyzed within either an urban or regional economics framework as some economic phenomena primarily affect localized urban areas while others are felt over much larger regional areas . Arthur O'Sullivan believes urban economics is divided into six related themes: market forces in the development of cities, land use within cities, urban transportation, urban problems and public policy, housing and public policy, and local government expenditures and taxes. .

Market forces in the development of cities
Market forces in the development of cities relate to how the location decision of firms and households causes the development of cities. The nature and behavior of markets depend somewhat on their locations therefore market performance partly depends on geography.. If a firm locates in a geographically isolated region, its market performance will be different than a firm located in a concentrated region. The location decisions of both firms and households create cities that differ in size and economic structure. When industries cluster, like in Silicon Valley in California, they create urban areas with dominant firms and distinct economies.

By looking at location decisions of firms and households, the urban economist is able to address why cities develop where they do, why some cities are large and others small, what causes economic growth and decline, and how local governments affect urban growth . Because urban economics is concerned with asking questions about the nature and workings of the economy of a city, models and techniques developed within the field are primarily designed to analyze phenomena that are confined within the limits of a single city .

Land use
Looking at land use within metropolitan areas, the urban economist seeks to analyze the spatial organization of activities within cities. In attempts to explain observed patterns of land use, the urban economist examines the intra-city location choices of firms and households. Considering the spatial organization of activities within cities, urban economics addresses questions in terms of what determines the price of land and why those prices vary across space, the economic forces that caused the spread of employment from the central core of cities outward, identifying land-use controls, such as zoning, and interpreting how such controls affect the urban economy .

Economic policy
Economic policy is often implemented at the urban level thus economic policy is often tied to urban policy . Urban problems and public policy tie into urban economics as the theme relates urban problems, such as poverty or crime, to economics by seeking to answer questions with economic guidance. For example, does the tendency for the poor to live close to one another make them even poorer? .

Transportation and economics
Urban transportation is a theme of urban economics because it affects land-use patterns as transportation affects the relative accessibility of different sites. Issues that tie urban transportation to urban economics include the deficit that most transit authorities have and efficiency questions about proposed transportation developments such as light-rail . Megaprojects such as this have been shown to be synonymous with unexpected costs and questionable benefits.

Housing and public policy
Housing and public policy relate to urban economics as housing is a unique type of commodity. Because housing is immobile, when a household chooses a dwelling, it is also choosing a location. Urban economists analyze the location choices of households in conjunction with the market effects of housing policies .
In analyzing housing policies, we make use of market structures e.g., perfect market structure. There are however problems encountered in making this analysis such as funding, uncertainty, space, etc.

Government expenditures and taxes
The final theme of local government expenditures and taxes relates to urban economics as it analyzes the efficiency of the fragmented local governments presiding in metropolitan areas .

See also

 Georgism
 Megaprojects
 MONU – magazine on urbanism
 New Urbanism
 Regional economics
 Regional science
 Rural economics
 Urban decay
 Urban ecology
 Urban geography
 Urban history
 Urban planning
 Urban sociology
 Urban studies
 Urban vitality

References

Literature

Obeng-Odoom, Franklin (2016). Reconstructing Urban Economics: Towards a Political Economy of the Built Environment.. Zed Books
Obeng-Odoom, Franklin (2023). "Urban Economics in the Global South: A Study of The Economist", Urban Challenge Journal, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 107 -118.

Further reading
Garreau, Joel. Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. 1992. Anchor. .
Kahn, Matthew. Green Cities: Urban Growth and the Environment. 2006. Brookings .
Obeng-Odoom, Franklin. Reconstructing Urban Economics: Towards a Political Economy of the Built Environment. 2016. Zed.
Stilwell, Frank. Understanding Cities & Regions: Spatial Political Economy. 1993 .

Urban planning
Regional science

Urban economics


Marinarea este procesul de îmbibare a alimentelor într-un sos condimentat, de multe ori acid, lichid înainte de preparare. Originea cuvântului se referă la utilizarea de saramură (aqua marina) în procesul de "murare", care a condus la tehnica de a adăuga aroma prin imersie în lichid. Lichidul în cauză, 'sosul', poate fi acid (realizat cu ingrediente, cum ar fi oțet, lămâie, suc sau vin) sau enzimatic (realizat cu ingrediente, cum ar fi ananas, papaya sau ghimbir). În plus față de aceste ingrediente, o marinată de multe ori conține uleiuri, ierburi și condimente în completarea aromei.

Acesta este de obicei folosit pentru a aroma alimente și pentru a frăgezi carnea. Procesul poate dura câteva secunde sau câteva zile. Diferite marinate sunt utilizate în diferite preparate. De exemplu, în bucătăria Indiană sosul se prepară de obicei cu un amestec de condimente.

Îmbibarea țesutului

În cărnuri, acidul determină țesutul să se desprindă prin îmbibare, care permite ca mai multă umiditate să fie absorbită și rezultată un produs final suculent; cu toate acestea, prea mult acid poate fi dăunător pentru produsul final. Un sos bun are un echilibru de acid, ulei și condimente.

De multe ori confundat cu marinarea este macerarea, o formă similară de preparare a produselor alimentare.

Referințe

Tehnici culinare
Bucătărie

Marinare


Ortahisar, Türkiye'nin Trabzon ilinin bir ilçesi. 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile Trabzon merkez ilçesinin kaldırılması sonucu ilçe olmuştur. Trabzon'nun en kalabalık nüfuslu ilçesidir. Ortahisar kırsalında 9 kasaba ve 38 köy bulunmaktaydı, kabul edilen kanun ile hepsi mahalle statüsüne geçiş yapmıştır.

Tarih
2021 yılının Nisan ayında Trabzon Büyükşehir Belediyesi'nin başlatmış olduğu kazı çalışmaları sonucunda Roma İmparatorluğu ve Bizans İmparatorluğu dönemine ait arkeolojik kalıntıların keşfedildiği duyuruldu. İlçenin Atatürk Meydanı'nda otopark yapımı için yapılan kazılar sonucunda Roma imparatoru olan Hadrianus dönemine ait hasır sütunlar ve surlar, 1460 yılında yapıldığı iddia edilen Bizans dönemine ait hendek duvarları keşfedildi. İlerleyen aylarda kazılar sırasında Roma dönemine ait çini, çanak, çömlek kalıntıları da keşfedildi. Trabzon Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından yapılan açıklamalara göre, kazı alanının açık hava müzesine dönüştürülmesi planlanmaktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
T.C. Ortahisar Kaymakamlığı
T.C. Ortahisar Belediyesi

Ortahisar


Leteći list (krilasti list; lat. Filicium), maleni rod vazdazelenog drveća i grmova iz porodice sapindovki. Od tri priznate vrste dvije su madagaskarski endemi, a treća vrsta, Filicium decipiens, raširena je kriz istočnu Afriku, Madagaskar, Indijski potkontinent i Šri Lanku

Rod Filicium pripada podtribusu Doratoxyleae, dio tribusa Dodonaeoideae.

Vrste
 Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites
 Filicium longifolium (H.Perrier) Capuron
 Filicium thouarsianum (DC.) Capuron

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Dodonaeoideae

Leteći list