is the third most common Japanese surname. Less common variants include , , , , , , ,  and .

Notable people with the surname Takahashi

 Aaron Takahashi, American actor
 , Japanese singer and actress
 , Japanese kickboxer
 , Japanese classical pianist
 , Japanese art historian
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese voice actress
 , Japanese badminton player
 , Japanese astronomer
 , Japanese badminton player
 Ayuo Takahashi (born 1960), Japanese-American musician
 , Japanese film director
 Belinda Takahashi, professor and creator of the Juno Baby product line
 Bo Takahashi (born 1997), Brazilian baseball player
 Bruna Takahashi (born 2000), Brazilian table tennis player
 , Japanese voice actress
 , Japanese politician
 , Japanese long-distance runner
 Chiyoko Takahashi (1912–1994), American lawyer
 , Japanese politician
 , Japanese footballer
 Daiji Takahashi (born 1977), Japanese mixed martial artist
 , Japanese figure skater
 , Japanese footballer
 Daisuke Takahashi (mathematician), Japanese mathematician
 , Japanese Nordic combined skier
 , Japanese racewalker
 Erina Takahashi, English ballerina
 , Japanese businessman
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese writer
 , Japanese professional wrestler
 , Japanese women's footballer
 , Japanese politician
 , Japanese billionaire real estate developer
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese actor
 Hideko Takahashi, Japanese illustrator
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese footballer and manager
 , Japanese cross-country skier
 , Japanese actress and model
 , Japanese singer-songwriter and composer
 , Japanese judoka
 , Japanese skeleton racer
 , Japanese actor, voice actor and singer
 , Japanese cross-country skier
 , better known as Ao Takahashi, Japanese voice actress
 , better known as Kaoru Shimamura, Japanese voice actress
 , Japanese artist
 , Japanese professional wrestler
 , Japanese architect
 , Japanese manga artist
 , Japanese table tennis player
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese video game producer and designer
 , Japanese judge
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese actress
 , Japanese singer
 , Imperial Japanese Navy admiral
 , Japanese drummer
 , Japanese botanist
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese actor
 Joseph Takahashi (born 1951), Japanese-American neurobiologist and geneticist
 , Japanese fashion designer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese Singer and K-Pop idol from Rocket Punch
 , Imperial Japanese Navy officer
 , Japanese speed skater
 , Japanese actress
 , Japanese synchronized swimmer
 , Japanese actress and singer
 , Japanese voice actress
 Kasumi Takahashi (born 1980), Japanese-Australian rhythmic gymnast
 , Japanese writer
 , Japanese golfer
 , Japanese singer and actor
 Katsuya Takahashi, conspirator in the Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway
 , Japanese rugby union player
 , Japanese voice actress
 , Japanese sledge hockey player
 , Japanese manga artist and game creator
 , Japanese writer
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese mixed martial artist
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese luger
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese actress
 , Japanese game designer and artist
 , Japanese manga artist
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese long-distance runner
 , Japanese basketball player
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese sailor
 , Japanese futsal player
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese male volleyball player
 , Japanese volleyball player
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese swimmer
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese cyclist
 , Japanese journalist
 , Japanese politician and Prime Minister of Japan
 , Japanese motorcycle racer
 , Japanese volleyball player
 , Japanese animator and character designer
 , Japanese singer
 , Japanese writer
 , Japanese photojournalist
 , Japanese drifting driver
 , Japanese pool player
 , Japanese motorcycle racer and racing driver
 Kuniyuki Takahashi, Japanese DJ and music producer
 , Japanese actress and model
 , Japanese voice actor
 Mamoru Takahashi (born 1956), Japanese golfer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese gymnast
 , Japanese model and actress
 , Japanese singer
 , Japanese actress and model
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese equestrian
 Masanori Takahashi, commonly known as Kitaro
 Masao Takahashi (born 1929), Canadian judoka
 , Japanese physician, ophthalmologist and stem cell researcher
 , Japanese cyclist
 , Japanese sailor
 Michael Takahashi (born 1974), Japanese-American basketball player
 , Japanese virologist
 , Japanese shogi player
 , Japanese volleyball player
 Migaku Takahashi, Japanese engineer
 , Japanese swimmer
 , Japanese voice actor and singer
 , Japanese voice actress and singer
 , Japanese singer, idol and actress
 , Japanese voice actress
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese volleyball player
 , Japanese pentathlete
 , Japanese physician
 , Japanese sprinter
 , Japanese politician
 , Japanese poet
 , Japanese animator and anime director
 , 8th-century Japanese poet
 Mutsumi Takahashi, Canadian journalist
 , Japanese poet and writer
 , Japanese professional wrestler
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese artist
 , Japanese long-distance runner
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese singer and voice actor
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese figure skater
 , Japanese screenwriter
 Nobuko Takahashi (ambassador) Ambassador to Denmark
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese murderer
 Phil Takahashi (born 1957), Canadian judoka
 , Japanese male volleyball player
 Ray Takahashi (born 1958), Canadian sport wrestler and judoka
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese voice actress and singer
 , Japanese actress and voice actress
 , Japanese rower
 , Japanese manga artist
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese musician and composer
 , Japanese entomologist
 , Japanese biathlete
 , Japanese anime director, screenwriter, and producer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese naval aviator
 , Japanese women's footballer
 Sakae Takahashi, (19192001), Japanese American politician
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese international law scholar
 , Imperial Japanese Navy admiral
 , Japanese volleyball player
 , Japanese badminton player
 Satoshi Takahashi (born 1968), Japanese karateka
 , Japanese ice hockey player
 , Japanese swimmer
 , Japanese swimmer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese samurai
 , Japanese manga artist
 , Japanese footballer and manager
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese religious leader
 , Japanese sport shooter
 , Japanese volleyball player
 , Japanese poet
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese table tennis player
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese artist
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese cross-country skier
 , Japanese middle-distance runner
 , Japanese ice dancer and coach
 , Japanese writer
 , Japanese academic and translator
 , Japanese anime director
 , Japanese footballer and manager
 , Japanese musician and record producer
 , Japanese motorcycle racer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese golfer
 , Japanese politician
 , Japanese writer for anime
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese wrestling referee and writer
 , Japanese video game conceptor
 , Japanese composer
 Tina Takahashi, Canadian judoka
 Tomoko Takahashi (born 1966), Japanese artist
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese pole vaulter
 , Japanese roboticist
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese computer network researcher and businessman
 , Japanese racing driver
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese water polo player
 , Japanese manga artist
 Wes Takahashi, American animator and visual effects supervisor
 , Japanese writer
 , Japanese wheel gymnastics acrobat
 Yasuko Takahashi, commonly known as Izumi Aki
 , Japanese theoretical physicist
 , Japanese manga artist
 , Japanese film and television director
 , Japanese singer
 , Japanese mixed martial artist and kickboxer
 , Japanese boxer
 , Japanese long jumper
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese manga artist
 , Japanese footballer
 , ring name of Kazuo Takahashi (born 1969), Japanese mixed martial artist
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese manga artist
 , Japanese rugby union player
 , Japanese singer-songwriter
 , Japanese actress and model
 , Japanese voice actor
 , Japanese painter
 , Japanese Paralympic athlete
 , Japanese classical pianist, composer, critic and writer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese professional wrestler
 , Japanese motorcycle racer
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese sport wrestler
 , Japanese musician
 , Japanese volleyball and beach volleyball player
 , Japanese triathlete
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese actress and singer
 , Japanese weightlifter
 , Japanese tennis player
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese engineer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese Magic: The Gathering player

Fictional characters

 Daichi Takahashi and Eriko Takahashi, from High School Girls
 Kenshi Takahashi, from the Mortal Kombat series
 Misaki Takahashi, from Junjo Romantica
 Mitsuko Takahashi, from Someday's Dreamers
 , a character in the tokusatsu television series Gosei Sentai Dairanger
 Tetsuya Takahashi, from Forbidden Dance
 Nanami Takahashi, from the manga We Were There
 Mr. Takahashi, from Curb Your Enthusiasm
 Takeda Takahashi, from Mortal Kombat X
 Takahashi from Fallout 4
 Keisuke Takahashi from Initial D
 Ryosuke Takahashi from Initial D
 Hoshino Takahashi from Blue Archive

References

Japanese-language surnames

Takahashi


Marisa Ombra, née le  à Asti et morte le  à Rome, est une résistante, écrivaine, féministe et membre du Parti communiste italien.

Biographie
Marisa Ombra est la fille du partisan Celestino Ombra. Elle se distingue par son activité militante antifasciste, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle rédige des tracts et participe au journal clandestin communiste d'Asti.

Après l'arrestation de son père, elle devient clandestine avec sa mère et sa sœur Pini. Durant l'hiver 1944-1945, elle assure les liaisons entre les groupes résistants dans la région de Langhe.

Marisa a été pendant une courte période secrétaire du Conseil de gouvernement de la République partisane du Haut-Montferrat, dans le bureau d'Agliano. Elle est chargée d'organiser une cellule du groupe de défense des femmes GDD. Le 2 décembre 1944, une intervention fasciste sur cinq divisions partisanes met fin à la république du Haut-Montferrat. Elle risque sa vie à plusieurs reprises durant ces années de clandestinité.

Après la guerre, Marisa devient salariée  du Parti communiste à Asti. Le parti communiste perd les élections aux législatives de 1948 dans la circonscription d'Asti. Marisa fonde l'Associazione Donne della Campagna qui organise des groupements d'émancipation dans une vingtaine de communes, action difficile dans cette région très catholique.

Marisa travaille ensuite à Turin et rencontre en 1956 un journaliste de L'Unita Giulio Goria, séparé de sa femme, dans des années où le divorce n'existait pas. Sa cohabitation avec Giulio Goria, qui devient en 2000 son époux, n'est pas tolérée par le parti qui décide de l'éloigner.

Ils viennent vivre à Rome. Elle est d'abord salariée par le groupe parlementaire communiste de la Chambre des députés, puis, en 1960 elle travaille à l'Unione Donne Italiane (UDI). En 1970, elle devient présidente de la coopérative "Libera Stampa", éditrice du hebdomadaire "Noi donne", où elle reste jusqu'à sa retraite en 1984.

À la retraite, elle rédige des livres et participe à la construction des archives de l'UDI. En 2006, elle reçoit le titre de Grand Officier de la République Italienne.

En 2009, elle s'implique dans l'Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia ANPI. Le 16 avril 2011, elle a été élue membre du Comité national de l'ANPI  et devient vice-présidente nationale de l'ANPI, poste qu'elle occupe jusqu'en 2016.

Livres
 "Non ci sembrava di avere paura..." Témoignage de Marisa et Pini Ombra in E. Bruzzone, G.A. Gianola, M. Renosio, "Giusti e solidali", Istituto per la storia della Resistenza e della Società contemporanea in Provincia di Asti. Alessandria, Edizioni dell'Orso, 1992.

 Donne Resistenza: una sconvolgente scoperta. In Contadini e partigiani. Atti del convegno storico (Asti, Nizza Monferrato, 14-16 dicembre 1984) Istituto per la Storia della Resistenza in Provincia di Asti. Edizioni dell'Orso. Alessandria, 1986
 Donne manifeste l'Udi attraverso i suoi manifesti 1944-2004, éditrice, Milano, Il Saggiatore, 2005.
 avec Tilde Capomazza, 8 marzo: una storia lunga un secolo, Roma, Iacobelli Editore, 2008.
 La bella politica. La Resistenza, "Noi donne", il femminismo, Préface de Anna Bravo, Torino, Edizioni SEB27, 2009.
 Libere Sempre. Una ragazza della Resistenza a una ragazza di oggi, Torino, Einaudi, 2012
 Il mio pensiero libero. In Donne della Repubblica, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2016

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Asti
Naissance en avril 1925
Décès en décembre 2019
Décès à Rome
Femme politique italienne
Personnalité du Parti communiste italien
Résistante italienne
Féministe italienne
Décès à 94 ans

Marisa Ombra


Teatrul amator de dramă "Branislav Nusic" din Teslic () este un teatru din orașul Teslic situat în Republika Srpska din Bosnia și Herțegovina, fiind un important punct turistic al acestuia.

Istoric
Teatrul de dramă "Branislav Nusic", înființat în data de 16 februarie 2008, este un teatru faimos pentru operele sale, al orașului Teslic. Teatrul a apărut ca o nevoie a orașului de a-și recăpăta identitatea culturală avută înaintea războiului civil din Iugoslavia, ce a avut urmări negative asupra instituțiilor culturale a orașului. Un grup de persoane importante al orașului Teslic (cunoscuți drept fondatorii culturii post-revoluționiste în Teslic) au vrut să readucă la viață cultura orașului Teslic și să adauge un plus de imagine asupra acestuia prin livrarea spectacolelor teatrale.

În timp ce "fondatorii" lucrau cu nerăbdare la finalizarea detaliilor ce țineau de buna funcționare a teatrului, 15 actori amatori aveau să participe la prima lor scenă de teatru, numită "Народни посланик" ("Ambasadorul"). Efortul depus a fost bine meritat. Sala teatrului era prea mică pentru a primi toți doritorii de a vedea o scenă de teatru întâmplându-se din în orașul lor. În același an, aceștia au organizat și prima caravană de teatru din orașul Laktasi, mulțumind publicul cu piese noi și cu o gală a premiilor de performanță.

În anul 2009, aceștia au înființat o secție pentru copii și tineret cuprinși între 7 și 14 ani ce aveau mai târziu a performa în cadrul unor festivale pe tot teritoriul Bosniei și Herțegovinei.

Teatrul în Teslic, ca identitate culturală
Deși apariția oficială a teatrului a fost înregistrată în anul 2008, Teslic era cunoscut pentru actorii săi de stradă cu mult înainte de războiul civil. Marko Mudornja, ce a trăit în Teslic între anii 1958 și 1990 era cunoscut pentru aparițiile sale pe stradă și pentru întreținerea amuzamentului teslicanilor. El reușise să unească persoane de toate vârstele și să le învețe arta teatrală într-un mod foarte ludic.

Directorul teatrului

Goran Bjelac

Referințe

, .

Legături externe
 Site-ul oficial al teatrului amator de dramă "Branislav Nusic" din Teslic

Teatre în Teslic
Teatre în Bosnia și Herțegovina
Teatrul amator de dramă

Teatrul amator de dramă „Branislav Nusic” din Teslic


Palamás, en , est un village du dème de Domokós, dans le district régional de Phthiotide, en Grèce-Centrale.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du village s'élève à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Village en Grèce-Centrale
Phthiotide

Palamás (Phthiotide)


Janet "Janty" Yates (* 1950) ist eine US-amerikanische Kostümbildnerin, die neben einem Oscar für das beste Kostümdesign einen Sierra Award der Las Vegas Film Critics Society gewann.

Leben
Janty Yates begann ihre Laufbahn als Kostümbildnerin in der Filmwirtschaft Hollywoods 1981 beim Film Am Anfang war das Feuer und wirkte bis heute an der Kostümausstattung von mehr als dreißig Filmen und Fernsehserien mit.

Bei der Oscarverleihung 2001 gewann sie den Oscar für das beste Kostümdesign für den Monumentalfilm Gladiator (2000) von Ridley Scott mit Russell Crowe, Joaquín Phoenix und Connie Nielsen. Außerdem gewann sie für die Kostüme in diesem Film den Sierra Award der Las Vegas Film Critics Society. Weiterhin erhielt sie hierfür 2001 Nominierungen für den Saturn Award, den British Academy Film Award für die besten Kostüme, den Preis der Phoenix Film Critics Society (PFCS Award) für das beste Kostümdesign und bei den Satellite Awards 2000 für den Golden Satellite Award für das beste Kostümdesign.

Für De-Lovely – Die Cole Porter Story (2004) von Irwin Winkler mit Kevin Kline, Ashley Judd und Jonathan Pryce bekam sie 2005 eine Nominierung für den Preis der Costume Designers Guild (CDG Award) für exzellentes Kostümdesign sowie bei den Satellite Awards 2004 für das beste Kostümdesign. Bei der Verleihung des Goya 2006 wurde sie für den ebenfalls von Ridley Scott mit Orlando Bloom, Eva Green und Jeremy Irons inszenierten Monumentalfilm Königreich der Himmel (2005) für den Goya für das beste Kostümdesign sowie bei den Satellite Awards 2005 für eine Satellite Award nominiert.

2011 war Janty Yates, die 2006 als Mitglied in die Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences berufen wurde, abermals für den Saturn Award für das beste Kostüm nominiert, und zwar für Robin Hood (2010) von Ridley Scott mit Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett und Mark Strong und erhielt zugleich bei den Satellite Awards 2010 eine Nominierung für den Satellite Award für das beste Kostümdesign.

Sie wirkte 2014 an der Kostümausstattung des von Ridley Scott mit Noomi Rapace, Charlize Theron und Patrick Wilson inszenierten Film Prometheus – Dunkle Zeichen mit, ebenso wie 2015 an Scotts Science-Fiction-Film Der Marsianer – Rettet Mark Watney.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1981: Am Anfang war das Feuer
 1990: Yellowthread Street (Fernsehserie)
 1990: The Comic Strip presents… (Fernsehserie)
 1996: Cold Lazarus (Fernsehserie)
 2000: Gladiator
 2001: Hannibal
 2005: Königreich der Himmel
 2007: American Gangster
 2010: Robin Hood
 2012: Prometheus – Dunkle Zeichen (Prometheus)
 2013: The Counselor
 2014: Exodus: Götter und Könige (Exodus: Gods and Kings)
 2015: Der Marsianer – Rettet Mark Watney (The Martian)
 2021: House of Gucci

Auszeichnungen
 2001: Oscar für das beste Kostümdesign
 2001: Sierra Award für die beste Kostüme

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Oscarpreisträger
Kostümbildner (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1950
Frau

Janty Yates


Ivan Ivanov pode referir-se a:
Ivan Ivanov (halterofilista)
Ivan Ivanov (triatleta)
Ivan Ivanov (matemático)
Ivan Vasilev Ivanov  (futebolista nascido em 1942)

Ivan Ivanov


Vincent Favre-Félix, né le  à Annecy en Haute-Savoie, est un chef cuisinier français, 1 étoile au Guide Michelin depuis 2021.

Biographie
Vincent Favre-Félix naît le 26 août 1977 à Annecy, et grandit au sein d'une famille de restaurateurs établis au Col de la Forclaz. Un enfant du pays élevé aux produits de la ferme, des œufs au Beaufort et à la Tome des Bauges. Passionné de sport, il se destine plutôt au métier de guide de haute montagne, auquel il se forme après le collège. Rugbyman confirmé, il a été capitaine de l'équipe junior d'Annecy, puis joueur en Elite nationale junior Reichel.

Avec une personnalité déjà bien affirmée, sur un coup de tête, il décide de quitter sa formation aux métiers de la montagne pour suivre la tradition familiale. Il s'inscrit au Centre de Formation des Apprentis de Groisy pour préparer un CAP cuisine, qu'il obtient en 1996, doublé d'un CAP pâtisserie chocolaterie en 1997.

Auberge du Père Bise à Talloires
Il commence comme apprenti cuisinier à l'Hôtel du Commerce à Thônes de 1994 à 1999, puis il rejoint de 1996 à 1998 en tant que chef de partie l'Auberge du Père Bise à Talloires, hôtel 4 étoiles, 2 étoiles au Guide Michelin.

Maison Verdier, maître confiseur chocolatier à Pau
Et puis l'amour du rugby et du chocolat l'emmèneront jusqu'à Pau, à la chocolaterie Verdier de 1998 à 2000. Le temps de collectionner quelques prix et médailles : Prix du Cordon Bleu à Intersuc Paris pour les « Coucougnettes » d'Henri IV. Prix du Vase de Cristal Intersuc Paris, élu meilleur bonbon de l'année, « Raisin macéré au Jurançon et enrobé de chocolat ».

Restaurant Le Chalet La Pricaz au col de la Forclaz
Retour aux sources en 2000 au Chalet La Pricaz, le bar restaurant familial. Situé au col de la Forclaz, dominant le lac d'Annecy, le lieu est réputé pour ses randonnées et ses départs de parapentes. Il y restera jusqu'en 2010, comme chef de cuisine et pâtisserie, puis cogérant.

Les distinctions s'enchaînent : 2003 Michelin régional, 2004 Michelin national, Guide Champérard, Guide du Fooding, Guide Gilles Puldoski et puis première page du New-York Times.

Maison de Marc Veyrat - Auberge de l'Eridan à Annecy-le-Vieux
En 2005, il rencontrera celui qui deviendra son mentor, Marc Veyrat, le chef 3 fois 3 étoiles au Guide Michelin et 2 fois 20/20 au Gault et Millau. Outre sa passion pour les herbes aromatiques, il lui apprendra à sublimer les produits simples. 4 années de formation intensive pendant lesquelles il continue à gérer son restaurant tout en travaillant chez Marc Veyrat pendant ses jours de fermeture. Pour lui, ce fut « la période la plus difficile de ma vie mais la plus belle ».

Puis de 2009 à 2012, il œuvre aux côtés de Marc Veyrat et s'implique dans différents projets. Consultant pour le restaurant l'Etoile Paris, le fast-food bio Marc Veyrat, ils ouvrent ensuite une brasserie de luxe L'Instant 55 à Poisy près d'Annecy, où il sera chef de cuisine.

Restaurant l'Auberge du Lac à Veyrier-du-Lac
De 2012 à 2019, retour sur les rives du lac d'Annecy. Alors chef de cuisine à l'Auberge du Lac, de nouvelles distinctions le consacre : Chef Eurotoque, disciple Escoffier - 12.5 Gault et Millau - 1 assiette et 2 fourchettes au Guide Michelin.

Restaurant Vincent Favre-Felix à Annecy-le-Vieux
En juin 2019, il ouvre sa « table créative » dans la Cour de l'Abbaye d'Annecy-le-Vieux. S'il a conservé son amour pour les herbes aromatiques et les produits simples et de terroir, sa cuisine s'affine et il ose des associations audacieuses. L'omble chevalier fumé au foin devient son plat signature. Il prône une cuisine gastronomique « décomplexée », à l'image de son restaurant. Un lieu simple et intimiste à la décoration contemporaine épurée, situé dans un jardin hors du temps.

Sa cuisine « créative et affirmée » est récompensée très peu de temps après l'ouverture de son restaurant éponyme par 1 étoile au Guide Michelin 2021.

Galerie

Références

Chef français étoilé Michelin
Naissance en août 1977
Naissance à Annecy

Vincent Favre-Félix


මොරපිටිය (Morapitiya), බස්නාහිර පළාතේ, කළුතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ, පාලින්ද නුවර ප්‍රාදේශීය බලසභාවේ පිහිටි කුඩා ගම්මානයකි.

මොරපිටිය


Entre 1899 et 1941, les projets du constructeur Renault reçoivent des codes à une, puis deux et enfin trois lettres. Certains projets n'ont pas été réalisés mais ont quand même reçu un code. De même, les modifications d'un véhicule peuvent amener l'entreprise à changer le code.

Pour les automobiles, la liste présente entre parenthèses le nom commercial du véhicule.

De 1899 à 1905

 Type A : voiture de tourisme
 Type B : voiture de tourisme
 Type C : voiture de tourisme
 Type D : voiture de tourisme
 Type E : voiture de sport
 Type F : utilitaire
 Type G : voiture de tourisme
 Type H : voiture de tourisme
 Type I : voiture de tourisme
 Type J : voiture de tourisme
 Type K : voiture de sport
 Type L : voiture de tourisme
 Type M : voiture de tourisme
 Type N : voiture de tourisme
 Type O : voiture de sport
 Type P : voiture de sport
 Type Q : voiture de tourisme
 Type R : voiture de tourisme
 Type S : voiture de tourisme
 Type T : voiture de tourisme
 Type U : voiture de tourisme
 Type V : voiture de tourisme (Renault 20/30CV)
 Type W : utilitaire
 Type X : voiture de tourisme
 Type Y : voiture de tourisme
 Type Z : voiture de tourisme

De 1905 à 1934

  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 14CV)
 Type AE : voiture de sport
 Type AF : voiture de sport
 Type AG (et AG1) : fiacre (Renault 9CV, modèle des taxis de la Marne)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 10CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 35/45CV)
 Type AJ : utilitaire
 Type AK : voiture de sport
  : voiture de tourisme
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 10CV)
  : voiture de tourisme
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 35CV)
 Type AQ : voiture de sport
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 50CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 20/30CV)
 Type AT : voiture de sport
 Type AX : voiture de tourisme
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12/16 CV)

 Type BC : camion léger
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 50/60CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 10CV)
 Type BM : voiture de tourisme (Renault 25CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 14CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 20CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12/16 CV)
Type CA : camion
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12/16 CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 14CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 20CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 35CV)
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 20CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 35CV)
Type CJ : camion
 Type CK : camion
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 11CV)
 Type DA : camion
 Type DB : camion
 Type DD : camion
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 14CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 11CV)
 Type DN : camion
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 22CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 22CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 45CV)
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
 Type DV : camion
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 20CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 15CV)
 Type EA : camionnette
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 22CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12CV)
 Type EG : tracteur d'artillerie lourd
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 20CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 20CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 9CV)
 Type EM : camion
 Type EN : camion
 Type EO : camion
 Type EP : camion
 Type EQ : camion
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 11CV/Renault 12CV)
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12CV)
 Type EX : camion
 Type FB : caterpillar porteur (porte-canons)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 9CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
 Type FF : camion
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 11CV/Renault 12CV)
 Type FN : camion
Type FP : caterpillar porteur (porte-canons)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
 Type FT : char d'assaut (dit modèle 1917 ou modèle 1918)
Type FU : camion porte-char
 Type FV : camion
Type FX : camion

 Type GJ : prototype de
  : tracteur agricole
 Type GQ : utilitaire
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 10CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
Type GZ : camion
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
  : tracteur agricole
 Type HK : utilitaire
  : tracteur agricole
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
 Type IA : utilitaire
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 10CV)
 Type IF : utilitaire
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 10CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 10CV)
 Type IJ : véhicule spécial chariot porteur
 Type IK : véhicule spécial
 Type IL : tracteur
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 10CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
  (et IR1 à 2) :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)

  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
 Type JF : locotracteur
 Type JJ : locotracteur
 Type JH : utilitaire
 Type JI : véhicule spécial benne basculate
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12CV)
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (taxi, Renault 10CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12CV)
 Type JU : tracteur
  (et JV1) :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
 Type JX : utilitaire
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)

Type KA : autorail (autorail Renault)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
Type KE : autorail (autorail Renault)
Type KF : autorail (autorail Renault)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12CV)
 Type KJ : voiture de tourisme (Renault 6CV)
 Type KL : locotracteur
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12/15CV)
 Type KS : messagerie omnibus
 Type KX : utilitaire
 Type KY : utilitaire
 Type KZ : voiture de tourisme (Renault 10CV, puis Renault Primaquatre et Renault Vivaquatre)
 Type LD : camion
 Type LH : tracteur
 Type LI : utilitaire
 Type LJ : tracteur
 Type LL : utilitaire
 Type LN : utilitaire
 Type LP : camion
Type LR : autorail (autorail Renault)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12CV)
 Type LU : autorail Renault SCEMIA RS4
 Type LV : autorail Renault SCEMIA RS3
 Type LX : autorail Renault SCEMIA RS2
 Type LY : autorail Renault SCEMIA RS1
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18/22CV)
 Type MA : utilitaire

  (et MC1) :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 12CV)
 Type MF : autocar léger
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18CV)
Type MH : voiture tout-terrain
 Type MM : camion
 Type MN : draisine
 Type MO : locotracteur
 Type MP : locotracteur
 Type MR : camion porte-char
 Type MT : voiture de tourisme (Renault 6CV)
 Type MU : utilitaire
 Type MV : camion sanitaire et autobus
 Type MX : utilitaire
 Type MY : utilitaire
 Type MZ : utilitaire
 Type NA : tracteur
 Type NB : autocar léger
 : char de combat
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 15CV)
 : autorail (autorail Renault)
 Type NG : auto-pompe
Type NK : autorail (autorail Renault)
 Type NL : autorail (autorail Renault)
  :  voiture de tourisme (Renault 40CV)
 Type NN : voiture de tourisme (Renault 6CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 15CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 15CV)
 Type NV : autorail Renault SCEMIA RS1
 Type NX : autorail Renault SCEMIA RS2
 Type NY : autorail Renault SCEMIA RS3
 Type NZ : autorail Renault SCEMIA RS4
 Type OA : utilitaire
 Type OC : arroseuse
 Type OJ : chariot porteur
 Type OR : chariot porteur
Type OS : fourgonnette
 Type OU : autobus
 Type OX : camion tous chemins
 Type PB : utilitaire
 Type PD : camion

  : tracteur agricole
Type PF : autorail (autorail Renault)
  (et PG-1 à 10) : voiture de tourisme (Renault 15CV, puis Renault Vivasix, Renault Vivastella et Renault Primastella)
 Type PH : autobus
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18/22CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 15CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 15CV)
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 15CV)
Type PN : autobus
  : tracteur agricole
Type PR : autobus léger et camionnette
Type PS : autorail (autorail Renault)
Type PY: autobus
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 18/24CV)

  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 15CV)
Type RH : locotracteur
 Type RI : autocar
Type RJ : autorail (autorail Renault)
  : tracteur agricole
 Type RL : autocar
 Type RM (et RM1 à 6) : voiture de tourisme (Renault Reinastella et Renault Reinasport)
 Type RU : autocar
 Type RX : autocar
 Type RY : voiture de tourisme (Renault Monasix et Renault Monastella)
 Type SE : utilitaire
 Type SF : camion
 Type SG : camion
 Type SH : camion porte-char
 Type SI : autocar
 Type SK : char à roues
 Type SM : draisine
  : voiture de tourisme (Renault 8CV)
 Type SR : utilitaire
 Type SU : autobus
 : camion
 : camion tracteur
 : camion
 Type TE : autorail (autorail Renault)

 Type TG (et TG1 à TG5) : voiture de tourisme (Renault Nervastella TG à TG-4, Renault Nervahuit TG-1 et Renault Nervasport TG-5)
 Type TH : autocar
Type TI : camion et autocar
 : camion
 Type TM : autobus et autocar
Type TN : autocar
 : camion
Type TS : camion
 : camion tracteur
 Type TY : projet de canon automoteur
 Type TZ : utilitaire

 Type UC : camion
 Type UD : camion

Type UE : chenillette de ravitaillement (adopté par l'Armée française sous le nom de , puis  pour la chenillette UE2)
 Type UI : véhicule spécial incendie
Type UK : remorque de la chenillette type UE (et type UKR, remorque du tracteur de ravitaillement type
 Type UM : autocar
Type UR : voiture tout-terrain blindée (transport de combattants  et reconnaissance )
Type UT : char de combat ()
Type UV : locotracteur
 Type UY : voiture de tourisme (Renault Monaquatre)
Type UZ : char de combat ()

 Type VE : chasseur de chars (prototype)
 Type VF : projet de tracteur de ravitaillement (dérivé de la chenillette UE, amélioré en ACD1)
 Type VG : autorail
 Type VH : autorail (anciens réseaux puis SNCF ZZR  2001 à 2336)
Type VI : tracteur agricole
 Type VJ : projet de remorque associée au type VF
Type VM : char léger rapide (adopté sous le nom d')
 Type VN : projet de canon automoteur chenillé
 Type VT : camion
Type VV : remorque porte-chenillette UE
Type VY : tracteur agricole
 Type VZ : prototype d'automitrailleuse de découverte
Les séries W... et X... n'ont pas été attribuées.
 : fourgonnette
 Type YE : remorque chenillée téléphonique
 : camion
 : camion tracteur
 Type YH : autorail (autorail Renault)
 : tracteur chenillé
 : tracteur chenillé
 : tracteur chenillé
Type YL : tracteur agricole
Type YN : voiture de tourisme (Renault Monaquatre)
 : fourgonnette
Type YR : char léger (adopté sous le nom d')
Type YS : blindé de commandement (dérivé de l'AMR 35)
 Type YU : utilitaire
 Type YZ : voiture de tourisme ()
 Type ZA : voiture de tourisme (Renault Vivastella)
 Type ZB : char léger rapide
 Type ZC : voiture de tourisme (Renault Nervasport)
 Type ZD : voiture de tourisme (Renault Nervastella et )
Type ZF : camion
Type ZI : camion et autocar
 : camionnette
Type ZM : char de combat (adopté sous le nom de )

Type ZO : autorail (État ZZ 24005 à 24010 puis SNCF ZZR 10301 à 10306)
 Type ZP : autocar et autorail (autorail Renault)
 Type ZR : voiture de tourisme (Renault Celtaquatre)
 Type ZS : voiture de tourisme (Renault Reinasport)
Type ZT : char léger rapide (adopté sous le nom d')
 Type ZU : utilitaire
 Type ZV : utilitaire
 : camionnette

De 1934 à 1941

 Type ABD : camion et autocar

  : camion
 : camion

 Type ABH : autorail (dont CFC X 200 et CFP ZZ 1 à ZZ 10)
 Type ABJ : autorail (anciens réseaux puis SNCF ZZR 3000 à 3500, et X 3600)
 Type ABL : autorail triple (autorail Renault)
 Type ABK : camion et autobus
 Type ABM : voiture de tourisme (Renault Nerva Grand Sport, Renault Nervastella et Renault Suprastella)
 Type ABV : autorail double (anciens réseaux puis SNCF ZZR 100 à 130)
 Type ABX : voiture de tourisme (Renault Viva Grand Sport)
Type ACB : autorail (autorail Renault)

Type ACD1 : tracteur de ravitaillement (adopté sous le nom de )
Type ACG1 : char de combat (adopté sous le nom d')
 : char de combat (projet du char G1 R)
 Type ACL : voiture de tourisme (Renault Primaquatre)
 Type ACM : voiture de tourisme ()
 Type ACN : voiture de tourisme (Renault Nervasport)
 Type ACR : voiture de tourisme (Renault Vivastella)
 Type ACS : voiture de tourisme (Renault Nervastella)
 Type ACX : voiture de tourisme (Renault Viva Grand Sport)
Type ACZ : fourgon radio militaire et utilitaire

 Type ADB : voiture de tourisme (Renault Vivastella)
 Type ADC : voiture de tourisme (Renault Celtaquatre et )
Type ADF : char léger de commandement (AMR 35)
 Type ADG : voiture de tourisme (Renault Vivaquatre)
 : camion léger
 : autocar
 Type ADK : camionnette
 Type ADL : voiture de tourisme (Renault Vivaquatre)
 : autobus
Type ADP : autorail (SNCF X 4960)
 : camion
Type ADS : utilitaire
 : camion léger
Type ADX : autorail (SNCF X 5100 et 5200)
 : fourgonnette

 Type AEB : voiture de tourisme et fourgonnette (Renault Juvaquatre)
 Type AEC : voiture de tourisme (Renault Celtaquatre)
Type AED : autorail (autorail Renault)
Type AEJ : camion et autocar
Type AEL : utilitaire
Type AEK : autorail (SNCF X 7000 et 7100)
 Type AEM : autocar
 Type AER : utilitaire
Type AET : autorail
Type AEV : utilitaire
 Type AEY : autocar
Type AFB : ambulance militaire légère
Type AFC : utilitaire
 Type AFH : utilitaire
 Type AFK : utilitaire
Type AFP : fourgonnette
Type AFR : fourgonnette
Type AFV : tracteur agricole
Type AFX : tracteur agricole
 : camionnette

 Type AGD : utilitaire
 Type AGF : utilitaire
 Type AGH : utilitaire
Type AGK : camion
 Type AGM : utilitaire
 Type AGN : utilitaire
 Type AGO : utilitaire
 Type AGP : utilitaire
 : camion
 : camion
 Type AGV : camion et autocar
 Type AGX : utilitaire
 Type AGZ : fourgonnette (Renault Juvaquatre)
 Type AHC : utilitaire
 Type AHD : utilitaire
 Type AHG : voiture de tourisme/fourgonnette (Renault Juvaquatre)
 Type AHL : utilitaire
Type AHN : camion
Type AHR : camion
Type AHS : camion
 Type AHT : utilitaire
Type AIB : camion citerne
 Type AJC : car
 Type AJD : utilitaire (Taxi Escoffier)
 Type BCH : voiture de tourisme colonial (Renault Vivastella Sahara)
 Type BCR : voiture de tourisme (Renault Celtaquatre)
 Type BCT : voiture de tourisme ()
 Type BCX : voiture de tourisme (Renault Viva Grand Sport)
 Type BCY : voiture de tourisme ()
 Type BDF : voiture de tourisme (Renault Primaquatre)
 Type BDH : voiture de tourisme (Renault Vivaquatre)
 Type BDJ : voiture de tourisme (Renault Novaquatre)
 Type BDP : voiture de tourisme (Renault Suprastella)
 Type BDR : voiture de tourisme (Renault Novaquatre)
 Type BDS : voiture de tourisme (Renault Primaquatre)
 Type BDV : voiture de tourisme (Renault Viva Grand Sport)
 Type BDZ : voiture de tourisme (Renault Vivastella)
 Type BFD : voiture de tourisme (Renault Juvaquatre eight)
 Type BFG : voiture de tourisme (Renault Primaquatre)
 Type BFH : voiture de tourisme (Renault Novaquatre)
 Type BFJ : voiture de tourisme (Renault Juvaquatre nine)
 Type BFK : voiture de tourisme (Renault Juvaquatre)
 Type BFP : voiture de tourisme (Renault Primaquatre Sport)
 Type DAB1 : prototype de tracteur d'infanterie
 Type DAC 1 : projet de char de combat de
 Type DAE (ou type UE 3) : prototype de chenillette de ravitaillement
 Type DAF 1 : projet de char monoplace
 Type DAJ 1 : projet de véhicule blindé de transport de troupes

Notes et références

Bibliographie

 .

 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Voir aussi

 Histoire de l'entreprise Renault

 Véhicules Renault
 Liste des véhicules de Renault Trucks
 Débuts de la mécanisation automobile des armées françaises

Renault, codes projets

Liste des codes projets Renault (1899-1941)


An Aglaonema chermsiriwattanae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni D.Sookchaloem. An Aglaonema chermsiriwattanae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aglaonema, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Aglaonema

Aglaonema chermsiriwattanae


An Luzula gigantea in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Nicaise Auguste Desvaux. An Luzula gigantea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Luzula, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Luzula

Luzula gigantea


An Ventricularia borneensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jeffrey James Wood. An Ventricularia borneensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ventricularia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ventricularia

Ventricularia borneensis


الفيروسات الباطنية هي عائلة من الفيروسات الاٍيجابية ذات الرنا أحادي السلسلة. تظم هذه العائلة جنس

فيروس باطني وهو جنس من الفيروسات يضم النوع : فيروس فطري عصوي الشكل

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 نطاق فيروسي فيروسات باطنية

عائلات فيروسية
علم الفطريات
فيروسات الحمض النووي الريبوزي
فيروسات إيجابية ذات الرنا أحادي السلسلة

فيروسات باطنية


As competições de Judô nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024 em Paris, na França, estão programados para acontecerem entre os dias 27 de julho a 3 de agosto no Grand Palais Éphémère no Champ de Mars. O número de judocas competindo em quatorze categorias de peso diferentes nesses Jogos foi gradualmente reduzido de 386 em Tóquio 2020 para 372, com uma distribuição igualitária entre homens e mulheres. Apesar das pequenas mudanças nos números dos atletas, o programa do judô para Paris 2024 permanece o mesmo das edições anteriores, já que a competição terá a quantidade igualitária de categorias de peso corporal feminino e masculino, com sete cada, além do retorno do torneio de equipe mistas pela segunda vez, evento introduzido três anos antes em Tóquio.

Formato da competição
O programa de judô apresenta um total de quatorze classes de peso corporal, sete femininos e masculinos. Regularmente começando no primeiro dia da competição, uma única categoria de peso masculino e feminino ocorrerá todos os dias antes do programa terminar com o torneio de equipes mistas (marcado para 3 de agosto).

Em cada categoria de peso, os atletas são classificados em uma chave de eliminação simples, um formato tradicional de mata-mata até a final. Os derrotados nas quartas de final permanecem na competição com um empate na repescagem que resultará na dupla de medalhistas de bronze.

O torneio por equipes mistas, introduzido na edição anterior, traz um elenco de seis judocas individuais com três categorias de peso por gênero, competindo contra outra equipe. Para vencer todas as partidas, o time deve somar quatro vitórias em seis rodadas.

Desde a edição anterior, várias mudanças de regras foram instituídas para fortalecer o programa de judô para Paris 2024 e as edições olímpicas subsequentes. Com base nas mudanças nas regras da IJF de 2016, o tempo de disputa masculino foi reduzido para um minuto, e a duração de um jogo passa a ser de quatro minutos, semelhante ao lado feminino. As pontuações waza-ari permanecem as memas desde Tóquio 2020, exigindo que um judoca imobilize seu oponente entre o limite de dez e vinte segundos, ou jogue o oponente com sucesso, mas não bem controlado, para ser premiado como ippon. De acordo com as regras fundamentais do judô, qualquer atleta pode vencer em um caminho tripartido: 1) lançar o oponente ao chão com certa eficiência, 2) segurar o oponente por 20 segundos e 3) forçar o oponente a um submissão por chave de braço ou estrangulamento. Originalmente, marcar um ippon encerra o jogo, mas os waza-aris agora são concedidos igualmente a um ippon na competição. Com esta mudança de regra, as penalidades não são mais registradas para encerrar a disputa.

Qualificação

A competição nestes Jogos contará com um total de 372 atletas oriundos de seus respectivos CONs; cada um poderia inscrever no máximo quatorze judocas, sete cada para homens e mulheres por categoria de peso corporal. O país sede, França, reserva uma vaga em todos os quatorze eventos individuais, enquanto quinze vagas têm direito aos CONs elegíveis interessados em ter seus judocas competindo em Paris 2024 com base no princípio da Universalidade.

Os demais judocas devem passar por um processo de classificação para garantir uma vaga em sua respectiva categoria de peso para os Jogos por meio do ranking mundial elaborado pela Federação Internacional de Judô (IJF). A janela de qualificação começou em 24 de junho de 2022 e terminará dois anos depois (23 de junho de 2024), com a lista final de elegibilidade publicada dois dias após o prazo.

Os 17 melhores judocas de cada categoria de peso do ranking mundial se classificarão diretamente para os Jogos, garantindo que o CON esteja sujeito ao limite de um único judoca por divisão. Se o CON inscrever mais de um único judoca classificado entre os 17 primeiros em uma categoria de peso designada ele deve decidir qual atleta obtém a vaga de cota.

Outras vagas continentais (13 masculinas e 12 femininas para a Europa, 12 de cada gênero para a África, 10 masculinas e 11 femininas para as Américas, 10 de cada gênero para a Ásia e 5 de cada gênero para a Oceania) também estão disponíveis. A Federação Internacional de Judô publica uma lista de todos os judocas de cada continente em todas as categorias de peso corporal baseadas em gênero para atribuir essas cotas de acordo com seus pontos no ranking mundial. Os judocas elegíveis com o maior número de pontos na lista de classificação garantirão uma cota continental para seu respectivo CON nos Jogos, independentemente de gênero e categoria de peso. Cada CON pode inscrever apenas um único judoca por meio das regras de qualificação continental para certificar que mais de cem CONs diferentes estão bem representados para Paris 2024.

O torneio de equipes mistas oferecerá cinco vagas por convite (uma para cada continente) para os CONs mais bem classificados que classificaram judocas em apenas cinco das seis classes de peso de equipes mistas. Entre esses CONs, o judoca mais bem classificado que disputar a classificação preencherá a cota restante para completar a equipe.

Calendário

Participação

Nações participantes
Segue as vagas por CON até fevereiro de 2023. O calendário de qualificação se encerra no dia 23 de Junho de 2024.

Resumo de medalhas

Quadro de medalhas

Medalhistas

 Masculino

 Feminino

 Eventos mistos

Veja também

 Judô nos Jogos Asiáticos de 2022
 Judô nos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2023

Futebol nos Jogos Olímpicos
Eventos dos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024
2024 no Judô


44 هـ هي سنة في التقويم الهجري امتدت مقابلةً في التقويم الميلادي بين سنتي 664 و665.

وفيات
 أبو موسى الأشعري
 أم حبيبة

انظر أيضًا
 أحداث ومواليد ووفيات وقعت في الفترة الأولى من سنة 44 هـ
 أحداث ومواليد ووفيات وقعت في الفترة الثانية من سنة 44 هـ

مراجع

تقويم هجري

44 هـ


Mammoth Mountain ist ein Vulkankomplex unweit von Mammoth Lakes im östlichen Kalifornien in den USA. Gleichzeitig ist es die Bezeichnung für das umfangreiche Skigebiet Mammoth Mountain Ski Area.

Lage
Es liegt auf der Ostseite des Sierra-Nevada-Gebirgszuges im Inyo National Forest. Das Skigebiet befindet sich auf der Nordseite von Mammoth Mountain. Es ist inmitten der vulkanischen Long Valley Caldera.

Beschreibung

Übernachtungsgäste bleiben normalerweise in der Stadt von Mammoth Lakes und gelegentlich auch in benachbarten Städten wie Bishop. Der Gipfel des Berges bietet Abfahrten und offene Buckelpisten.  Es gibt acht Skigebietparks.  Die 4 Hauptskihütten bieten Essen, Skipässe und Skiausrüstung. Es gibt zwei weitere Restaurants auf dem Berg.  Mammoth Mountain offeriert als einziger Ferienort in Nordamerika drei unterschiedlich große Halfpipes. Die Skisaison um Mammoth Mountain dauert im Durchschnitt von November bis Juni. Die Schneehöhe beträgt im Durchschnitt 10 Meter, der Rekord war eine Höhe von 16,8 Meter.

Geschichte

Dave McCoy, ein Hydrograph des Los Angeles Wasser und Energie Departments bemerkte als Mitglied des Eastern Sierra Ski Club in den 1930er Jahren, dass Mammoth Mountain in den ständigen Aufzeichnungen entschieden mehr Schnee aufwies als andere Berge der Umgebung. Der Eastern Sierra Ski Club besaß dort einen Übungslift, den McCoy 1941 kaufte.  Im Jahr 1953 verlieh der United States Forest Service McCoy eine Genehmigung, das Skigebiet zu betreiben. Er baute die Infrastruktur weiter aus und der erste Skilift wurde 1955 erbaut. 1966 folgten zwei Gondelbahnen nach dem System Bell/Wallmannsberger.

Daten
Mammoth hat mehr als 1.400 Hektar Skigebietsgelände, betreut durch 28 Lifte. und 3 Gondeln. Das Gebiet verfügt über 945 Meter Höhenunterschied von 3.370 Meter bis 2424 Meter. Über 150 Wanderwege und über 300 Sonnentage pro Jahr sind eine Attraktion für Wanderurlauber.

Film
Das Skigebiet diente als Kulisse für das fiktive "Angel Lake" im US-Fernsehfilm "Volcano - Berg in Flammen" von 1997 mit Dan Cortese und Cynthia Gibb in den Hauptrollen.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Kalifornien
Wintersportgebiet in den Vereinigten Staaten
Madera County
Mono County
Tourismus (Kalifornien)
Sport (Kalifornien)
Vulkangebiet
Vulkanismus in den Vereinigten Staaten
Geologie Amerikas

Mammoth Mountain


Adriana Barbosa, tornou-se uma das principais potências afro-brasileiras ao fundar a  Feira Preta , o maior evento de cultura negra da América Latina, que busca não só exaltar essa cultura, como também o empreendedorismo realizado por essa grande parcela da população.

Foi através de aprendizados familiares e da autoaceitação, que ela não só fundou a Feira Preta, como também, o PretaHub ,em 2019, um conjunto de seis iniciativas voltadas para o empoderamento da população preta no mercado de trabalho. Adriana foi indicada como um dos 51 negros com menos de 40 anos mais influentes do mundo (Most Influential People of African Descent, MIPAD), junto com Tais Araújo e Lázaro Ramos em 2017.  O MIPAD é um projeto global que apoia a Década Internacional dos Povos de Ascendência Africana (proclamada pela resolução 68/237 da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas e a ser observada de 2015 a 2024).

Vida Pessoal

Infância e juventude
Descendente de nigerianos, ganenses, togoleses, beninenses e indígenas, Adriana é um dos seis filhos de Ana Regina Barbosa e nasceu em São Paulo, no ano de 1978, em uma família matriarcal e de classe baixa.  Sua avó, Naidê Luiza, era empregada doméstica e sua bisavó, Maria Luiza, cozinhava salgados e marmitas para complementar a renda da família.  Com elas, Adriana aprendeu, por volta dos seus doze anos, o que chamou de "sevirologia", ou seja, trabalhar e empreender com o que for necessário para conseguir sobreviver.  Aprendeu também, informalmente, noções e estratégias de marketing ao ajudar sua bisavó, vendendo os quitutes e marmitex que ela cozinhava na vizinhança da Zona Sul de São Paulo.

Adriana, quando criança, fazia parte da única família negra no bairro em que morava na Saúde. Ao adentrar a juventude, o processo de autoidentificação como mulher preta foi doloroso. Por isso, no início dos anos 2000, passou a buscar locais nos quais se sentisse compreendida e em que pudesse aprender mais sobre sua própria cultura. Ela relatou que começou a se encontrar dentro do movimento através de diversas formas de entretenimento produzidas por negros, como filmes e músicas, e das reuniões da militância.
Em 2002, ela frequentava casas de música black na Vila Madalena e, junto com Deise, uma amiga que conheceu nestas baladas, começou a empreender em feiras de rua. Enquanto sua amiga vendia pastéis, ela gerenciava o Brechó da Troca, que consistia em araras de roupas e mesas onde os acessórios eram expostos. Em uma destas feiras, chamada Arraiá da Vila (Vila Madalena), ocorreu um arrastão criminoso, razão pela qual elas perderam muita mercadoria na qual haviam investido dinheiro. Quando voltavam para casa, a ideia de criar uma feira que refletisse a sua identidade e a riqueza da cultura negra surgiu. Foi assim que nasceu o conceito da Feira Preta.

Diferenciação entre profissional e pessoa

Após dois anos tocando a Feira Preta, Adriana se encontrou com dívidas e cogitou desistir do projeto. No entanto, uma oportunidade se apresentou. Ela recebeu um e-mail da ONG Artemisia, uma das mais importantes organizações a trazer a visão de negócios sociais de impacto para o Brasil. A ONG estava recrutando jovens empreendedores com uma visão de negócio social para ajudar a desenvolver suas ideias e dar um aporte financeiro de 40.000 reais para o vencedor. A Feira Preta se sobressaiu e ganhou o processo seletivo que durou dois anos.
Neste período, Adriana aprendeu a separar a vida pessoal da profissional.  Ela relatou entender a importância desta separação, pois desde a primeira edição do evento diversas marcas deixavam bem claro que não queriam se associar a um evento que levava o nome Feira Preta, pois, segundo essas empresas, eram levantadas questões de conflito racial. A não autoaceitação impactou por muito tempo as negociações que Adriana realizava. Posteriormente, ela desenvolveu um quadro depressivo derivado de seus traumas e de uma grande dívida adquirida por conta da Feira, precisando de tratamento médico através de terapia.

Carreira

Comunicação

Depois que Adriana deixou de trabalhar com sua bisavó, ela teve uma série de empregos na área de Comunicação. Começou, aos 16 anos, na área de promoção da rádio Gazeta, passou pela na Jovem Pan e, depois, trabalhou em produção de TV na gravadora Trama, até ficar desempregada em 2002.

Feira Preta

2002 - 1° Edição Feira Preta

Adriana e Deise idealizaram a Feira e começaram a buscar patrocínio para o evento. A Uniliver, na mesma época, lançou pela primeira vez um produto segmentado para o público negro, o sabonete Lux Pérola Negra. As duas amigas entraram em contato com a Unilever insistentemente até falarem com alguém que pudesse ajudá-las. Conseguiram, desta forma, um patrocínio de 3.500 reais.

A primeira edição da Feira (gratuita) foi um sucesso, com localidade na Praça Benedito Calixto, 40 expositores e um público de 5 mil pessoas. A estratégia de comunicação para esse primeiro evento foi a distribuição de flyers e o famoso marketing boca a boca.

2003 - 2° edição Feira Preta

Os moradores da região da Praça Benedito Calixto não aprovaram que o evento acontecesse ali e entregaram uma petição para a subprefeitura de Pinheiros, pedindo que houvesse uma mudança de local da Feira. Adriana tentou reagir a situação, mas não obteve sucesso e teve que procurar uma outra locação. Conseguiu, então, que a segunda edição do evento (gratuito) fosse realizada no estacionamento da Assembleia Legislativa de São Paulo.

A comunicação das datas e da programação foi transmitida pela TV Cultura e por uma rádio de circulação no interior de São Paulo e a segunda edição acabou também sendo um sucesso, com público de 14 mil pessoas.

2004 - 3° edição Feira Preta, 40 mil em dívidas

Por conta de uma chuva muito forte que afetou a última edição da feira, Adriana decidiu realizar o evento em um local coberto. O único que comportava o público esperado era a Academia Brasileira de Circo. Embora o número de pessoas pagantes que compareceram tenha sido 10.000, a equipe da Feira Preta saiu com uma dívida de 40.000 reais.

Nesse momento de dificuldade, Adriana recebeu um convite da ONG Artemisia para participar de um processo de estudo e autoconhecimento, cujo ganhador receberia uma quantia de 40 mil reais.

2013 - 2017 - Erros e Acertos

Adriana engravidou em 2013, tornando-se mãe de uma menina. Neste período, a Feira já era autossustentável, mas Adriana não tinha lucros próprios e realizava trabalhos de freelancer para se sustentar. Como sua filha agora era a prioridade, ela começou a trabalhar como Coordenadora de Investimento Social na Fundação Via Varejo, um lugar estável, no qual ocupou um ótimo cargo de liderança.

No entanto, ela contou que não se sentia realizada, por isso pediu demissão em 2016 e focou na edição de 15 anos da Feira Preta.

A edição anterior do evento teve um público de apenas 5 mil pessoas. A 15° edição, então, teve uma taxa de participação ainda menor, de 4 mil pessoas, e o abandono de dois patrocinadores. As consequências dessa queda de público na vida de Adriana foram duras: dívida de 200 mil reais, quadro depressivo, insônia, mudança de casa para um local menor e a retirada de sua filha da escola. Esse contexto seguiu até junho de 2017, quando ela começou a se "reerguer".

Ela passou a se conectar e conversar com diversas pessoas, escutando outros empreendedores. Em setembro do mesmo ano, ela foi reconhecida como um dos 51 negros com menos de 40 anos mais influentes do mundo pelo MIPAD. Porém, Adriana não tinha condições financeiras de viajar até Nova Iorque, onde aconteceu um jantar com todos os indicados e o ex-presidente Barack Obama. No entanto, Theo Van der Loo, CEO da Bayer, com quem Adriana já tinha contato, se ofereceu para pagar sua viagem e hospedagem.

Adriana relatou que, ao voltar de Nova Iorque, se sentiu revigorada. Começou, então, a redesenhar a Feira Preta com um time de cerca de 20 voluntários e com o apoio da prefeitura de São Paulo. Todo o esforço dedicado gerou frutos: a 16° edição, que aconteceu em 2017, reuniu mais de 25 mil pessoas, contando com participações de pessoas dos EUA e de Moçambique.

Lançamento do livro "Preta Potência"

No mesmo ano em que a Feira Preta completou vinte anos, 2021, e teve como tema "Existe um Futuro Preto", Adriana lançou seu primeiro livro pela editora HarperCollins: "Preta potência: Como a resistência e a ancestralidade me ajudaram a criar o maior evento de cultura negra da América Latina". A obra, que foi escrita por Adriana e mais três mulheres, retrata as lutas travadas diariamente ao longo dos séculos pelo povo negro brasileiro. A obra foi escrita a quatro mãos em um processo que durou cerca de um ano. Foi uma decisão realizar a escrita do livro em grupo, pois ele traz o conceito da coletividade das questões raciais e do empreendedorismo. E, assim, o livro traz os marcos conquistados pelos movimentos negros pela luta dos direitos civis e como a feira preta está inserida dentro deste contexto.

PretaHub

O PretaHub é uma plataforma que, de acordo com seu site, é "o resultado de dezoito anos de atividades do Instituto Feira Preta no trabalho de mapeamento, capacitação técnica e criativa, aceleradora e incubadora do empreendedorismo negro no Brasil". Foi criada em 2019, ganhando um espaço físico em 2020 chamado Casa PretaHub.

A Casa, que está localizada na região central da cidade de São Paulo, reúne salas de reunião, estúdios de gravação, livraria, galeria e outros serviços para ajudar gratuitamente empresas a criar e desenvolver produtos e serviços que valorizem a matriz africana.

Afrolab

Um dos pontos que sempre aparecia na organização da Feira Preta era o diferente nível de conhecimento que os expositores tinham sobre empreendedorismo. Então, a equipe da Feira, liderada por Adriana, criou o Afrolab, um programa cujo objetivo é ensinar aos empreendedores noções de negócio para que possam se desenvolver e aproveitar o máximo possível de seu trabalho e de eventos como a Feira Preta.

AfroHub

O AfroHub, que também é uma das iniciativas da PretaHub, tem como objetivo mostrar para empreendedores negros como utilizar de forma estratégica a internet e as redes sociais para o crescimento de seu negócio.

Fundo Éditodos

O ÉdiTodos é um fundo social utilizado para investimentos em programas já existentes e que impactam positivamente a vida de famílias de baixa renda. O fundo reúne doze entidades, entre ONGs, aceleradoras e empresas sociais, e é consequência de trabalhos realizados pela Força Tarefa de Finanças Sociais. Essa força tarefa é liderada pelo Instituto de Cidadania Empresarial (ICE), uma organização que fomenta essas iniciativas. As doações realizadas ao fundo são gerenciadas pela SITAWI Finanças do Bem, uma organização social de interesse público (OSCIP) que busca desenvolver soluções financeiras de impacto social.

Conversando a gente se aprende

A iniciativa promove diálogos que sensibilizam e promovem a diversidade da cultura racial em ambientes de trabalho como instituições privadas, públicas e marcas em geral. O objetivo é conseguir fazer com que as organizações e seus colaboradores entendam como utilizar da autoliderança, da corresponsabilidade, do diálogo e de ações práticas para construir um ambiente de trabalho que entenda, respeite e apoie questões raciais.

A iniciativa teve como parceira a Mandacaru Consultoria, produtora de eventos culturais e corporativos e já realizou essas conversas em empresas como Google, Netflix, Facebook e Bloomberg.

Festival Pretas Potências

O Festival Pretas Potências, segundo o site, nasceu para exaltar a força criativa e inovadora da comunidade negra.

A primeira edição do evento aconteceu no dia 13 de maio de 2018, em referência a abolição da escravidão. Essa data vem sendo ressignificada pelos movimentos negros como o dia da abolição inconclusa, pela falta de medidas que ajudassem a integração social das pessoas que foram escravizadas.

Prêmios e Indicações

Ligações Externas

@adrianapreta no Instagram

@adrianapretatt no Twitter

Empreendedores do Brasil
Escritoras do Brasil

Adriana Barbosa


Sprung ins Glück ist ein deutscher Fernsehfilm von Helmut Metzger aus dem Jahr 2012. Neben Sabrina White, Uschi Glas und Heiko Ruprecht spielen Oliver Bootz und Mariah K. Friedrich die Hauptrollen. Es ist der achte Film einer Filmreihe des ZDF mit Werken der britischen Bestsellerautorin Katie Fforde.

Der Film ist Bestandteil der ZDF-Sonntagsfilm-Herzkino-Reihe, in der unter anderem auch Filme von Rosamunde Pilcher, Inga Lindström, Nora Roberts, Lilly Schönauer und Utta Danella laufen. Diese Produktionen zeichnet aus, dass sie stets in besonders schönen Landschaften gedreht werden.

Handlung
Als auf seinem Gestüt Winley im Hudson Valley ein Virus grassiert, sucht George Foster seine Tochter Kay auf, um sie um Hilfe zu bitten. Kay ist Tierärztin und George ist davon überzeugt, dass sie die einzige ist, die ihm in seiner Lage noch helfen kann. Er hatte sein Gestüt erst vor kurzem um- und ausgebaut und dass nun niemand mehr seine Pferde auf seinem Gestüt lassen will, bringt ihn in große finanzielle Schwierigkeiten.

Kay hat das heimische Gestüt nicht mehr betreten, seit ihr damaliger Freund Eric West, als sie zum Studium in Amerika war, mit ihrer Stiefschwester Alison ein Verhältnis anfing und diese heiratete, als ein Kind unterwegs war. Kay zögert zwar, kommt dann aber der Bitte des Vaters doch nach. Von ihrer Stiefmutter Esther wird die junge Frau nicht gerade freundlich empfangen. Esther, deren Verhältnis zur Stieftochter schon immer schwierig war, befürchtet, dass die Ehe ihrer Tochter Alison durch Kay gefährdet werden könnte.

Als George Foster mit seinem Wagen unterwegs zu einem Banktermin ist, erleidet er einen Herzanfall und verstirbt. Bei der Testamentseröffnung erhebt Esther den Vorwurf, dass Kay am Tod des Vaters Schuld trage, da sie ihm das Herz durch ihr Weggehen gebrochen habe. Das Erbe geht zu je einem Drittel an Esther, Kay und Alison. Kay nimmt sich den Vorwurf ihrer Stiefmutter, mit der sie nie gut ausgekommen ist, sehr zu Herzen und entschließt sich, auch auf die Bitte von Alison hin, erst einmal zu bleiben, um die Viruserkrankung der Pferde in den Griff zu bekommen und zusammen mit Eric dafür zu sorgen, dass das Gestüt wieder gesund dasteht.

Kays ehemaliges Pferd Racer, das sofort isoliert worden war, soll mit Eric auf einem demnächst stattfindenden bedeutenden Vielseitigkeitsturnier eine hohe Siegprämie einlaufen, was dem finanziell angeschlagenem Gestüt sehr helfen würde. Aus diesem Grund ist noch von George Foster der ehemalige Springreiter Jake Garber als Trainer eingestellt worden. Zwischen ihm und Kay kommt es anfangs immer wieder zu Disputen. Als Eric einen Autounfall hat, muss Kay als Reiterin einspringen. Kurz vor dem Turnier erkrankt Racer jedoch. Als Kay herausbekommt, dass das Tier mit einer verbotenen Substanz gespritzt worden ist und eine Flasche des Mittels bei Jake Garbers Sachen findet, mag sie eigentlich nicht glauben, dass er seine Finger im Spiel hat. Zumal beide sich in der Nacht zuvor nähergekommen sind. Als sie den stolzen Mann mit ihrem Verdacht konfrontiert, meint er enttäuscht, er wäre sich sicher gewesen, dass sie ihn inzwischen besser kenne.

Kurz darauf kommt es zu einer klärenden Aussprache zwischen Kay und ihrer Stiefmutter Esther, die  zugibt, dass sie wegen ihrer und Alisons Anteilen mit Rupert Stone, der schon lange Interesse an dem Gestüt zeigt, in Verhandlungen stehe, ohne Alison allerdings davon informiert zu haben. Mit der Sabotage an Racer habe sie aber nichts zu tun. Sie entschuldigt sich dann auch für ihr Verhalten in der Vergangenheit und für die ungerechten Vorwürfe, die sie Kay gemacht habe.

Es stellt sich heraus, dass Stone Henry Butcher, einen Pferdepfleger der Fosters, dafür bezahlt hat, dass er Racers Start beim Turnier verhindern sollte. Kay kann dann doch noch starten und gewinnt mit Racer. Esther hat sich entschlossen ihren Hauptwohnsitz nach New York zu verlegen, auch um ihre Tochter Alison künftig selbstbestimmter mit Mann und Kind leben zu lassen. Kay und Jake werden ein Paar.

Rezeption

Veröffentlichung, Einschaltquote
Der Film Katie Fforde: Sprung ins Glück erlebte am 18. März 2012 im ZDF seine Premiere, mit einer sehr guten Einschaltquote von 6,18 Millionen Zuschauern (Marktanteil 16,6 %).

Sprung ins Glück ist zusammen mit zwei weiteren Filmen von Katie Fforde am 2. Januar 2015 von der Universum Film GmbH auf der Box Katie Fforde Collection 3 herausgegeben worden.

Kritik

Rainer Tittelbachs Kritik entbehrte nicht eines gewissen Sarkasmus. Er sprach davon, dass sich die Verfilmung "zwischen Märchen-Typologie und klassischer Melodram-Konstellation" bewege. "Die Leidenschaft [werde] von einem amerikanisch anmutenden Pragmatismus domestiziert. Die sehr klassische (auktoriale) Inszenierung wirk[e] zwar wenig lebendig, pass[e] aber zu den leicht gehemmten Figuren. Selbst Uschi Glas stör[e] kaum."

TV Spielfilm sprach von einer "TV-Schmonzette", die "leicht und locker nach Schema F gestrickt" sei. Für Humor und Spannung gab es jeweils einen von drei möglichen Punkten, der Daumen zeigte nach rechts.

Weblinks

 Katie Fforde: Sprung ins Glück bei zdf-enterprises.de

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2012
Deutscher Film
Fernsehfilm (ZDF)
Filmdrama
Literaturverfilmung
Sprung ins Glück

Katie Fforde: Sprung ins Glück


Royal Air Force Bishopscourt or more simply RAF Bishopscourt is a former Royal Air Force airfield, radar control and reporting station located on the south east coast of Northern Ireland, approximately  from Downpatrick, County Down, Northern Ireland and  from Belfast, Northern Ireland. A Marconi AMES Type 84 radar was located on the airfield and an AMES Type 80 radar was located at Killard Point, Ballyhornan (remote from the station itself). An AMES Type 93 mobile radar was also located on the airfield from 1989 until the station closed.

History

Airfield
The Class A bomber airfield opened in April 1943 with a main runway of  and two subsidiaries of .

Dwight D. Eisenhower landed at Bishopscourt in May 1944 while inspecting airfields.

The airfield reopened in March 1953 for training for the Korean War but closed again in April 1954.

A number of different units were based at the airfield:
 819 Naval Air Squadron
 No. 7 Air Observers School RAF between (17 May 1943 and 15 February 1944
 No. 12 Air Gunners School RAF between 1 August 1943 and 31 May 1945
 No. 7 (Observers) Advanced Flying Unit RAF between 15 February 1944 and 31 May 1945
 No. 7 Air Navigation School RAF between 31 May 1945 and 4 June 1947
 No. 2 Air Navigation School RAF between 4 June and 1 October 1947
 No. 3 Air Navigation School RAF between 3 March 1952 and 14 April 1954
 No. 671 Gliding School RAF between 22 January 1959 and September 1962
 No. 664 Volunteer Gliding School RAF between February 1987 and 31 October 1990

Radar station

RAF Bishops Court formed part of the UK Military Air Traffic Service, as one of four reporting stations it was to control its sector (North Atlantic) and was commanded by HQ Military Air Traffic Operations (MATO) at RAF Uxbridge and RAF Strike Command at High Wycombe.
The site was known as Ulster Radar and had both a military and civil role. In its civil role, the civilian personnel (using the military radar) controlled air traffic, primarily over the Atlantic to ensure correct height and separation.

The Irish Republican Army fired five mortar bombs at the radar site on 11 September 1992.

The responsibilities of the site were assumed by the air traffic control centre at Prestwick, Scotland, in October 1978. The radar equipment was soon removed from the site, however the RAF remained. In the early 1980s new bunkers were constructed and a mobile radar was installed. The decision to close the 577 acre (2.3 km2) site was taken in the late 1980s and it was put up for sale in the period 1991-1995.

Alexander Galt, the famous Scottish artist, was stationed here during the war. While there, he painted murals on the wall of the Officers' mess. The paintings are still visible.

Current use

Since the sale, the land surrounding the runway has been used for agriculture, while the land at one end of the site (including some of the airfield runways) has been used for motor sport being called Bishopscourt Racing Circuit.
Today at least one runway remains intact and is used by gliders, the married quarters are now civilian housing.

In 2003, it was reported that Bishopscourt was a contender for a Ryanair airfield in the south of Northern Ireland. While the site would require significant infrastructure improvement if this were to happen, the former RAF station would fit into the Ryanair business model (selecting airports some distance from a capital/major city with low landing fees and providing transport to that city.)

See also
 Linesman/Mediator
 List of former Royal Air Force stations

References

External links
 Unofficial Web site for Ulster Radar
 Bishopscourt Racing Circuit

Bishops Court
Buildings and structures in County Down
Military history of County Down

RAF Bishops Court


Chondrymeniaceae, porodica crvenih algi, dio reda Gigartinales. Postoji šest vrsta unutar tri roda, od kojih su dva nova roda opisana tek 2013 godine.

Chondrymenia lobata jedina je u svome rodu koji je porodici dao ime, a stanovnik je Jadrana (Dalmacija). Ostala dva novootkrivena roda žive u Pacifiku (Lord Howe,  atol Palmyra, otok Jarvis i drugdje).

Rodovi
 Chondrymenia Zanardini 1
 Crebradomus G.T.Kraft & G.W.Saunders 1
 Dissimularia G.T.Kraft & G.W.Saunders 4

Izvori

Gigartinales

Chondrymeniaceae


Vezirköprü ya da eski adıyla Kedegara (), Samsun ilinin bir ilçesi.

Vezirköprü, Samsun iline bağlı 2020 yılı verilerine göre nüfusu 94.360 olan bir ilçedir. Vezirköprü'nün Samsun'a uzaklığı 110 km'dir. İlçe kabaca 35° 48' - 35° 01' doğu boylamları ile 41° 00' - 41° 19' kuzey enlemleri arasında bulunmaktadır. İlçe, kuzeyden Samsun'un Alaçam ve Sinop'un Durağan, kuzeydoğuda Bafra, doğuda Havza, güneybatıda Çorum'un Osmancık ve batıda Sinop'un Saraydüzü ilçeleriyle çevrilidir.

Vezirköprü'nün diğer şehir merkezlerine ulaşım karayolu ile sağlanmaktadır.

Vezirköprü ilçesi, Orta Karadeniz bölümünde, Kuzey Anadolu Dağları'nın ikinci sırasının Aşağı Kızılırmak vadisi çevresine rastlayan kıyı ardı kesiminde yer almaktadır. Vezirköprü Türkiye'de en fazla köye sahip ilçe olup, Samsun'un en büyük beşinci ilçesidir. Samsun merkezden sonra Samsun ilindeki beşinci büyük nüfus yerleşimine sahiptir. Merkez nüfusu görece düşük olup, nüfusun çoğu kırsal kesimde toplanmıştır.

Tarihi
Vezirköprü'nün tarihi Hititler'e kadar uzanmaktadır. İlk şehir, Hititler tarafından şimdiki ilçe merkezinin 2,5 kilometre kadar uzağına kurulmuştur. Son yıllarda yapılan arkeolojik kazılar neticesinde Hititler'in kutsal kenti Nerikin Vezirköprü'de olduğu tahmin ediliyor. Oymaağaç köyündeli höyükte yapılan kazılarda Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde ilk defa çivi yazısı ile yazılmış tablet parçaları bulundu. Ayrıca bu tablet parçalarında Nerik ifadeli mühürlerin işlendiği fark edildi.

M.Ö. 1200 tarihinden itibaren yöre Frigya hâkimiyeti ve Paflagonya idaresine girdi. Daha sonra burası Büyük İskender tarafından ele geçirilmiştir.

Frigler'in akınları ile yıkılan şehir, Bizanslılar tarafından tamir ve ihya edildi. O zamanki adı Fezimon yahut Teakliodiopolis'''dir. İlçede Bizanslılar döneminden kalma sütün ve sütün başlıkları bulunmuştur. O dönemde çevredeki en zengin kent olduğu bu gün görülen büyük bina harabelerinden anlaşılmaktadır.

Selçuklular'ın Bizanslılar'la yaptığı savaşlarda Vezirköprü tekrar harabeye dönmüştür. Daha sonra Danişmendliler'in eline geçen ilçe Haçlı Seferleri nedeniyle inşa edilememiştir. Ancak Sultan Mesut 1160 yılında kasabayı Gadegara adıyla üçüncü kez yeniden kurmuştur.

Vezirköprü 1695 yıllarındaki Celâlî İsyanları sırasında sık sık baskına uğramış ve kasaba yağmalanıp yıkılmıştır. Bu nedenle insanlar kalelere sığınma ihtiyacı duymuş, Taşkale ve Toprakkale olmak üzere iki kale yapılmıştır. Şimdi bu kale yıkıntıları üzerinde kurulan semtler aynı adlarla anılmaktadır. Celâlî isyanlarından sonra Köprülü Mehmed Paşa ilçedeki yıkılmış yapıları tamir ettirmiş ve ayrıca yeni eserler de yaptırmıştır. İskelet olarak bugünkü durumu o zamandan kalmadır. İdarî bakımdan Anadolu Beylerbeyliği'ne bağlı Amasya Mutassarrıflığı içinde olan Vezirköprü; 1925 yılına kadar Amasya'ya bağlı bir ilçe iken 1925 yılında Samsun iline bağlandı. Mehmet Paşa, sadaret zamanında da ilçe Vezirköprüsü adını aldı. İlçenin günümüzdeki adı daha kısaltılmış olarak Vezirköprüdür.

1892'deki yönetsel bölümünde Canik Sancağı, Trabzon vilayetine bağlıydı. Bu dönemde Trabzon vilayetini merkez sancağı, Canik, Lazistan ve Gümüşhane sancakları oluşturuyordu.

Canik sancağının toplam sekiz kazası sırası ile şunlardı: Merkez, Bafra, Ünye, Fatsa, Terme ve Çarşamba. Ladik, Vezirköprü ve Havza bu dönemde Sivas vilayeti sınırları içerisinde idi. Canik Sancağı, 1896 ve 1903' teki yönetsel bölünmelerde de 1892'deki konumunu korudu.

 İklim
Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yer almasına rağmen, Kızılırmak vadisi boyunca Akdeniz iklimi özelliğini göstermektedir. Daha çok kışları soğuk geçip, yaz kuraklığı karakteristiktir.

Vezirköprü, iklim koşulları bakımından kıyı kuşağının nemli ılıman iklim tipi ile iç kesimlerin karasal iklim tipi arasında, geçiş kuşağının kendine özgü termik ve nemlilik özellikleriyle ayrılmakta; Kışları kıyıya göre daha soğuk (Ocak ayı ortalama sıcaklık. 2,5 C.), yazlarda daha sıcak geçmektedir. (Ağustos ayı sıc.ort. 22,3 C). Daha güneyde ve iç kesimde yer alan Merzifon yöresi iklim koşullarına yakınlık göstermektedir. Çevre yüksek alanlara gidildikçe sıcaklıkların azaldığı, düzenli don olaylarıyla kış mevsiminin etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Uzun yıllık ortalamalara göre yıllık yağış miktarı 500 mm'nin üzerinde bulunmakta (527 mm.), çevre yüksek kesimlerde yağış artışıyla birlikte kar şeklinde yağışların da etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Yıl içinde yağışların mevsimlere göre dağılışı belirgin bir ilkbahar maksimumu (% 35,5) göstermekte; yaz yağışları % 18,6 oranına erişmekte, artan buharlaşmalar sonucu yaz kuraklığı etkili olmaktadır.

 Turizm

Bölge tarih turizmi açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Osmanlı'da bir dönem sadrazamlık görevini sürdüren Köprülüler sülâlesinin yaptırdığı eserler, değerli ve önemlidir. Hititler'in kutsal şehri Nerik'e ait kalıntıların bölgede bulunmasından sonra bölge turizmi canlandı. İlçe merkezinde tarihi 1160 dayanan Arastalı Bedesten bulunmaktadır.

Bölgede bulunan Şahinkaya Kanyonu'nda kapsamlı festivaller düzenlenmiştir. Kanyon boyunca tekne gezintisi yapma imkanınız vardır. Kanyonun büyük bölümü, kültür ve turizm koruma ve gelişim bölgesi ilân edildi.

 Nüfus

 Kaynakça

 Bibliyografya
Arslan, A., N. İğci, B. Kıvrak, Geçmisten Günümüze Vezirköprü. Vezirköprü 2008.

Bekker-Nielsen, T. '350 years of research on Neoklaudiopolis (Vezirköprü)' Orbis Terrarum'' 11 (2012-13) 3-31.

Bekker-Nielsen, T., R. Czichon, C. Høgel, B. Kıvrak, J.M. Madsen, V. Sauer, S.L. Sørensen, K. Winther-Jacobsen, Neoklaudiopolis antik kenti (Vezirköprü, Samsun ili): tarihsel ve arkeolojik rehber. Istanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları 2015.

Dış bağlantılar
 Vezirköprü Tanıtım Sitesi
 Vezirköprü Kaymakamlığı resmi sitesi
 Vezirköprü tarihçesi
 Nerik (Almanca)
 sdu.dk/halys (İngilizce)

Vezirköprü


فيلم صهيل الجهات فيلم سينمائي سوري من إنتاج المؤسسة العامة للسينما في سوريا في العام 1993.

المصادر

أفلام سورية إنتاج سنة 1993

صهيل الجهات (فيلم)


Vladana Vučinić ( monténégrine : Владана Вучинић ; née le ), également connue sous le nom de Vladana, est une chanteuse et compositrice monténégrine. Elle représentera le Monténégro au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2022.

Biographie
Vladana a montré un intérêt pour la musique dès son plus jeune âge car son grand-père, Boris Nizamovski, était à la tête de l'Association des artistes de la scène de Macédoine du Nord et directeur de l'ensemble macédonien "Magnifico". Vladana a une éducation primaire et secondaire en musique, se concentrant sur la théorie musicale et le chant d'opéra. Elle est diplômée en journalisme de la Faculté d'État des sciences politiques du Monténégro.

En 2003, Vladana fait ses débuts à la télévision dans une émission nationale de karaoké et, la même année, sort un premier single qui a été joué au Festival méditerranéen de Budva. Le , Vučinić participe à Montevizija 2005 avec la chanson Samo moj nikad njen.  Elle se classe 18 et n'a donc pas réussi à se qualifier pour Evropesma-Europjesma 2005 qui s'est tenue le . L'année suivante, elle participe à Montevizija 2006 en duo avec Bojana Nenezić avec la chanson Željna. Placée 11 Vučinić et Nenezić ont avancé dans Evropesma-Europjesma 2006 où ils se sont classés 15 en finale. Plus tard cette année-là, Vučinić a interprété sa chanson Kapije od zlata au festival de musique Sunčane skale.

Vučinić a sorti son premier clip vidéo pour le single Kao miris kokosa, réalisé par Nikola Vukčević, qui est devenu à cette époque la vidéo la plus diffusée au Monténégro. En 2007, elle continue à travailler avec Vukčević et sort son deuxième clip vidéo, pour le single Poljubac kao doručak.

Fin 2009, Vućinić enregistre et sort son premier single en anglais, Bad girls need love too. Un an plus tard, en novembre 2010, un clip vidéo pour la chanson Sinner City sort en prélude à son premier album en anglais. Vučinić auto-publie son premier album intitulé Sinner City le .

Elle lance un magazine de mode en ligne appelé Chiwelook (Čiviluk) basé sur des éditoriaux avec des créateurs de mode du Monténégro. En tant que fondatrice et rédactrice en chef, elle contribue au magazine à travers des chroniques et des interviews sur la mode avec différentes personnalités de la musique, de la culture et de la politique.

Le , le diffuseur monténégrin RTCG annonce qu'elle est sélectionnée pour représenter le Monténégro au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2022 avec le titre Breathe interprétée en anglais.

Discographie

Albums studios

Singles

Références

Naissance en juillet 1986
Naissance à Podgorica
Chanteuse monténégrine
Participant au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2022
Participant au Concours Eurovision de la chanson pour le Monténégro

Vladana Vučinić


Ofsayt, FIFA, UEFA ve 210 Futbol federasyonu arasında 2022'de imzalanan protokole göre, oyuncunun ayağının defans çizgisinin önünde olduğu durum anlamına gelmektedir. Bu kavrama " Yeni Ofsayt Kuralı" veya "Arsene Wenger Kuralı" denmektedir. Yeni Ofsayt kuralının fikir babası Arsene Wenger'dir. Yeni kural ile birlikte ofsayt taktikleri rafa kalkmıştır. Böylece oyunun daha akıcı olması sağlanmıştır. Yeni kural ilk olarak 2021-2022 sezonunda deneme amaçlı İtalya ve İngiltere liglerinde uygulanmış ve 2022-2023 sezonunda ise İtalya, İngiltere, Türkiye, Fransa ve Almanya'da pilot uygulama başlamıştır. Yeni kurala göre verilen ilk ofsayt kararı ise 2021-2022 sezonu Premier League maçında Manchester City ile Tottenham arasında oynanan maçta Kevin de Bruyne'nin 57. Dakika'da Heung Min Son'a yaptığı faulun ardından yapılan itirazlar üzerine VAR incelemesi sonrasında verilmiştir

Sadece ofsayt pozisyonunda bulunmak bir ihlal değildir.

Oyuncu şu pozisyondayken ofsayttadır;
 Oyuncunun ayak topuğu defansın önündeyse

Oyuncu şu pozisyonlarda ise ofsayt değildir;
 Kendi yarı sahasındaysa,
 Sondan ikinci rakip oyuncuyla aynı hizadaysa
 Kale ile arasında oyuncu olmamasına rağmen topun arkasındaysa.
 Ofsayt pozisyonunda olmasına rağmen, top rakip oyuncuların herhangi birinin müdahalesi sonucu kendisine gelirse
 Oyuncunun ayak topuğu defansın önünde değilse

Ofsayt pozisyonundaki bir oyuncu, topun takım arkadaşına dokunduğu veya takım arkadaşının topla oynadığı anda hakemin kanaatine göre:
 Oyuna müdahale ederek,
 Rakibe müdahale ederek,
 Bulunduğu pozisyondan avantaj elde ederek aktif oyuna dâhil olursa ofsayt olarak cezalandırılır.
Şu şekillerde ofsayt olmaz:
 Taç atışı
 Köşe vuruşu
 Kale vuruşu

Kural İhlali Nedeniyle Verilen Ceza

 Hücum yapan takımın bir oyuncusu ofsayttaysa karşı takıma endirekt serbest vuruş verilir ve vuruş ofsaytın olduğu noktadan kullanılır.

Kaynakça

Futbol kuralları
Futbol terimleri

Ofsayt


An Tridens texanus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Sereno Watson, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni George Valentine Nash. An Tridens texanus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tridens, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tridens (Poaceae)

Tridens texanus


Austereo was an Australian mass media company based in Melbourne. It was founded in 1980 by Paul Thompson, and operated 16 radio stations in metropolitan and regional Australia under the Today Network and Triple M brands. In 2011, the company's majority shareholder Village Roadshow sold its shareholding to Southern Cross Media Group, which began trading as Southern Cross Austereo from 21 July.

History
The company was founded by broadcaster Paul Thompson, who upon the commencement of FM broadcasting in Australia acquired the first commercial radio licence for the metropolitan Adelaide area. SAFM commenced transmission in September 1980, with the Austereo Network established in 1986 following the company's acquisition of Fox FM Melbourne.

In 1988, Austereo acquired FM104.7 and 2CA in Canberra as well as 4BK Brisbane and 6IX Perth. The company then bid to convert the BK and IX stations to the FM band. In Brisbane, the company was successful, relaunching 4BK as B105 FM in February 1990; in Perth, the company was outbid by 6KY and 6PM, and consequently sold the station to Radio West. In May 1989, the company extended its reach into Sydney with the acquisition of 2Day FM.

In 1995, Austereo purchased the Triple M network from Hoyts Media, adding a further five radio stations to the company's portfolio. The existing Austereo stations were rebranded to the Today Network. Subsequently, rival cinema chain Village Roadshow acquired control of Austereo, with Thompson departing as CEO.

On 22 January 1996, Austereo purchased KOFM and NXFM in Newcastle from Radio Newcastle Pty Ltd. Austereo would go on to sell 50% of its stake in these stations to RG Capital.

In March 1997 Austereo's managing director, Mr Peter Harvie, announced the network would be entering a joint venture with ARN to effectively amalgamate FM104.7 and Mix 106 in Canberra. Under competition laws, Austereo was required to sell 2CA, with Harvie commenting the station would be 'disposed of immediately'. At the time, Harvie stated that the deal was peculiar to the Canberra market and the company had 'no intention' of implementing similar ventures in other capitals.

In September 1997 the ACCC ruled in favour of Austereo's acquisition Perth's highest rating radio stations of PMFM and 94.5FM from Jack Bendat, selling Triple M Perth to Southern Cross Broadcasting. The ACCC required that the new owners of Triple M change the call sign, with Austereo retaining the right to rebrand either of its new stations to Triple M. This finally occurred when the 92.9 FM frequency (originally PMFM) was rebranded to Triple M Perth in December 2020.

Village Roadshow partially floated the company on the Australian Securities Exchange in 2001 under the ticker symbol AEO, increasing its share in the company to 61.8% in 2004. In January 2011, industry publication Radioinfo reported Village Roadshow were "in discussions" to sell its majority shareholding in Austereo. On 31 January, Southern Cross Media Group announced it had offered to purchase Village Roadshow's 52.5% shareholding for $741 million. The bid was approved by the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission on 18 March and formally accepted by Village Roadshow later that month.

On 6 April, Austereo shareholders accepted the takeover bid, and on 27 July Southern Cross Media Group commenced trading as Southern Cross Austereo, merging the Today and Triple M radio networks with the group's regional radio stations.

Assets

Today Network

 2Day FM
 92.9
 B105
 Fox FM
 SAFM
 104.7 (joint-venture with Australian Radio Network)
 NXFM (joint-venture with Southern Cross Media Group)

Triple M

 Triple M Sydney
 Triple M Melbourne
 Triple M Brisbane
 Triple M Adelaide
 Mix 94.5
 KOFM (joint-venture with Southern Cross Media Group)
 Mix 106.3 (joint-venture with Australian Radio Network)

Digital radio
 Barry
 Radar
 The Main Stage

Former
 Choose the Hits (2009–2010)
 High Voltage Radio (2010)
 Radio Gaga (2010)
 I See Red Radio (2010)
 Caravan Radio (2010)
 U20 (2010)

See also
 Southern Cross Austereo

References

External links

Southern Cross Media Group
Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Mass media companies established in 1980
Mass media companies disestablished in 2011
Australian companies disestablished in 2011
Australian companies established in 1980

Austereo


Operacija Mare Nostrum, ponegdje i Operacija naše more, naziv je za jednogodišnju spasilačku operaciju Talijanske obalne straže i mornarice, koja je trajala između 13. listopada 2013. i 31. listopada 2014. godine.<ref>[http://vijesti.hrt.hr/260839/italija-okoncala-mare-nostrum-pocinje-triton Italija okončala "Mare Nostrum", počinje "Triton"] , Hrvatska radiotelevizija, vijesti.hrt.ht, 31. lstopada 2014. (pristupljeno 14. veljače 2017.)</ref> Operacija je provedena s ciljem spašavanja useljenika koji su se preko Sredozemnog mora tijekom Europske migracijske krize pokušali domoći Italije. U akciji je spašeno preko 150.000 useljenika s područja Sjeverne Afrike i Bliskog Istoka. Spašavanja useljenika provodilo se na morskom pojasu oko talijanskog otočića Lampeduse.

 Operacija
Talijansko ministarstvo obrane operaciju je nazvalo prema latinskom nazivu Sredozemnog mora (Mare nostrum'').

Spašavanje je predvodila Talijanska ratna mornarica u suradnji s članicama NATO-a i Europske unije te Talijanske obalne straže. Talijanska vlada operaciju e nazvala "hitnom operacijom spašavanja" te ju pokrenula nakon potonućima dvaju brodova kod Lampeduse i Malta u kojima je ukupno poginulo 400 brodova.

Cijela operacija spašavanja koštala je talijansku vladu 114 milijuna eura. Europska komisija sufinancirala je operaciju s 1,8 milijuna eura iz Fonda za proširenje granica Unije.

Talijanski ministar unutarnjih poslova Angelino Alfano objavio je 31. listopada 2014. službeni prekid operacije obrazloženjem kako je cilj operacije postignut. Njegova izjava bila je negativno popraćena u brojnim američkim i europskim medijima, dok su brojne udruge koje su se bavile pitanjem izbjeglica i useljenika u Europi takav potez ocijenile protivnom svim međunarodnim sporazumima. S druge strane, spomenute udruge i čelnici država koji su prozivali Italiju radi okončanja operacije, odbijali su sudjelovati u sufinanciranju cjelokupnog projekta, dok su istovremeno stalno ukazivali na moguća poboljšanja u njezinom izvođenju.

Operacija Triton uslijedila je kao nastavak Operacije Mare Nostrum, ali s prvotnim ciljem zaštite vanjskih granica Europske unije.

Poveznice
 Europska migracijska kriza 2015.

Izvori

Povijest Italije nakon Drugog svjetskog rata

Operacija Mare nostrum


Le sommet du G7 de 2022 a lieu du 26 au 28 juin 2022 dans l'hôtel de luxe Schloss Elmau, à Krün en Bavière, Allemagne (au même endroit que le sommet de 2015). Il réunit : les États-Unis, le Royaume-Uni, le Canada, la France, l'Allemagne, l'Italie et le Japon.

Composition

Représentants des pays membres
Le sommet 2022 est le premier pour le chancelier allemand Olaf Scholz et le premier ministre japonais Fumio Kishida.

Chefs d'État ou de gouvernement invités

Organisations internationales

Liens externes
 https://www.g7germany.de – Site internet officiel

2022
2022 en Allemagne
Politique en juin 2022

Sommet du G7 de 2022


José João Altafini, (d. 24 Temmuz 1938, Brezilya) Brezilya doğumlu İtalyan millî futbolcudur. Attığı 216 golle İtalyan 1. ligi Serie A'nın tüm zamanlarda en golcü 4. futbolcusudur.

Brezilya takımı Palmeiras'tan 1958 yılında Milan'a transfer olarak İtalya'daki futbol yaşantısına başladı. 1965 yılında Napoli'ye transfer olana kadar Milan'da başarı ile forma giydi ve iki şampiyonluk yaşadı. Milan'da attığı 160 gol rekoru uzun süre kırılamadı. 1965 yılında Napoli'ye transfer oldu.

1973'te Juventus'a transfer oldu. Bu takımda da 1973 ve 1975 yıllarında iki şampiyonluk yaşadı. Kariyerin son yıllarında İsviçre liglerinde oynadı.

Altafini, art arda iki farklı FIFA Dünya Kupası'nda farklı ülkelerin formasını giyen ender oyunculardandır. 1958'de Brezilya'da oynarken, 1962'de İtalya adına kupaya katılmıştır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1938 doğumlular
İtalyan futbolcular
Brezilyalı futbolcular
1958 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
1962 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
Brezilya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
İtalya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
FIFA Dünya Kupası kazanan futbolcular
Forvet futbolcular
AC Milan futbolcuları
İtalyan asıllı Brezilyalılar
Juventus FC futbolcuları
SSC Napoli futbolcuları
Serie A futbolcuları
SE Palmeiras futbolcuları
UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi'ni kazanan futbolcular
İtalya'daki Brezilyalı göçmenler

José Altafini


A dram shop (or dramshop) is a bar, tavern or similar commercial establishment where alcoholic beverages are sold. Traditionally, it is a shop where spirits were sold by the dram, a small unit of liquid.

Dram shop liability refers to the body of law governing the liability of taverns, liquor stores, and other commercial establishments that serve alcoholic beverages. Within the United States, laws that impose potential liability upon businesses that sell alcohol for injuries caused by their patrons are usually called dram shop laws or dram shop acts.

Generally, dram shop laws establish the liability of establishments arising out of the sale of alcohol to visibly intoxicated persons or minors who subsequently cause death or injury to third parties (those not having a relationship to the business that sold the alcohol) as a result of alcohol-related car crashes and other accidents.

The laws are intended to protect the general public from the hazards of serving alcohol to minors and intoxicated patrons. Groups such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) have advocated for the enforcement and enactment of dram shop laws across the United States as well as in the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. The earliest dram shop laws date from the 19th-century temperance movement.

United States
Serving alcohol to minors is illegal in all 50 states. Many states impose liability on bars for serving minors who subsequently injure themselves or others, to deter bars from serving alcohol to minors. Thus in states like Texas and New Jersey, minors can sue a drinking establishment for their own injuries sustained while intoxicated. In Texas, this also applies to a minor served alcohol at a residential property.  In other states, dram shop liability only extends to serving the "habitually intoxicated".

The majority of states allow for recovery when the defendant knew (or should have known) the customer was intoxicated. Some states have attempted to address this problem through more exacting tests. Many states impose liability on social hosts as well as commercial establishments. This related area of the law is known as social host liability.

Different states' dram shop acts also differ as to whether a person who becomes intoxicated and injures themselves has a cause of action against the establishment that served them. Some states, such as New Jersey, will allow such a cause of action but will instruct the jury to take the intoxicated person's own negligence into account. Other states, such as New York, will not allow a person who injures themselves to bring a lawsuit against the bar that served them, but if that person dies will allow such a person's children to sue the drinking establishment for loss of parental consortium.

Illinois
Under Illinois' dram shop law, plaintiffs can recover after demonstrating that:
alcohol was sold to the patron by the defendant;
damages were sustained by the plaintiff;
the sale of alcohol was the proximate cause of the intoxication; and
intoxication was at least one cause of the plaintiff's damages.

Proximate cause includes the requirement that the dram shop must have been able to foresee that its actions could cause injuries to third parties, but this is true for any establishment that serves (sells) alcohol. One Illinois court allowed a lawsuit against a company that dropped off self-serve barrels of beer at a union picnic.

Maryland
In the state of Maryland there is no dram shop statute.

Maryland only imposes social host liability on adults who knowingly and willfully provide alcohol to minors. Social host liability was recognized by the Maryland Court of Appeals on July 5, 2016, pursuant to ruling that adults should be responsible for the actions of the underage drinkers they host, because those under 21 aren't competent to handle the potentially dangerous effects of alcohol.

Massachusetts
In Massachusetts, the state's highest court has held that a bar could be sued where a patron exhibiting "drunk, loud and vulgar" behavior was determined to be "visibly intoxicated". In that case, the evidence showed that the intoxicated patron had been served six or more White Russians by a bar. The patron left the bar, arriving at another bar about fifteen minutes later "totally drunk", holding a White Russian. The next bar that he went to refused to serve him. Shortly thereafter, the intoxicated patron lost control of his car, drove on a sidewalk, and killed a pedestrian.

Missouri
Missouri's dram shop law requires proof that the party demonstrates "significantly uncoordinated physical action or significant physical dysfunction."

New York
To recover damages under the New York state dram shop law, a plaintiff must prove the following:
the plaintiff suffered injury or damages as the result of the actions of an intoxicated individual,
the defendant served alcohol to the intoxicated person who caused the damages or injury, and
the defendant, therefore contributed to the further intoxication of the individual.

Texas
In Texas, a patron must be so obviously intoxicated that he presents a clear danger to himself and others. Dram shops are able to protect themselves from any claims of liability provided they are able to prove that they require all their employees to attend a TABC-approved "seller training program" and that the employee accused of over-serving an intoxicated individual actually attended the program. If these criteria are met, then any plaintiff seeking to sue the dram shop must prove that the employer either directly or indirectly encouraged said employee to violate the Texas Dram Shop Act in order for there to be liability. This dram shop immunity is called "The Safe Harbor".

Effectiveness
A 1993 study from the National Bureau of Economic Research found some reduction in alcohol-related fatalities from the implementation of dram shop laws though it did not control for the special cases of Utah and Nevada, which may have distorted the results. A 2011 survey of eleven studies measuring dram shop acts against alcohol-related harms found strong evidence of the effectiveness of dram shop laws in reducing those harms.

References

External links
 "Blame It On The Bars"

Tort law
Alcohol law in the United States

Dram shop


Šime Storić (Čista Velika, 26. listopada 1943.), hrvatski prozaik, dramski pisac, pisac za djecu

Životopis
Rodio se je u Čisti Velikoj, 1943. godine. Osnovnu školu završio u Stankovcima, 1959., gimnaziju, prvi i drugi razred, u Šibeniku i, treći i četvrti razred, u Osijeku, Pedagošku akademiju, 1966., u Šibeniku, predmete matematiku i razrednu nastavu, te Filozofski fakultet, 1987., u Zagrebu, studij jugoslavenski jezici i književnosti. Cijeli radni vijek radio kao učitelj u više mjesta u Hrvatskoj, u mirovinu otišao 2007. Zadnje radno mjesto učitelj matematike u Osnovnij školi Vrbani u Zagrebu. Poslije umirovljenja živi u Zagrebu i u Čisti Velikoj.

U književnost je ušao zbirkom pripovijedaka Križ, Omiš, 1971. Objavljivao u dječjim časopisima: Modroj lasti, Smibu i Radosti, priče za djecu i zanimljivosti; potom u Večernjem listu, Vjesniku, Slobodnoj Dalmaciji, Hrvatskom slovu, Tomislavu, Velebitu i Republici, uglavnom prozu, priče. Za roman Poljubit ću je uskoro možda dobio je nagradu Mato Lovrak 2001. godine. 2001. godine dobio je 3. nagradu za dramsko djelo Marin Držić Mrtvac poginuti ne može . 2006. je dobio nagradu Anto Gardaš za djelo Mačka se uvijek dočeka na noge.

Izvori

Hrvatski dramatici
Hrvatski pisci za djecu
Životopisi, Zagreb

Šime Storić


ශ්‍රීරාම ජන්මභූමි තීර්ථ ක්‍ෂේත්‍රය යනු 2020 පෙබරවාරි මාසයේදී ඉන්දීය රජය විසින් අයෝධ්‍යාවේ රාම මන්දිරය ඉදිකිරීම සහ කළමනාකරණය සඳහා පිහිටුවන ලද භාරයකි. භාරය භාරකරුවන් 15 දෙනෙකුගෙන් සමන්විත වේ.

පසුබිම

මෙය, M Siddique (D) Three LRS v. Mahant Suresh Das et al යන නඩුවේ ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණයේ තීන්දුවෙන් පසුව සකස් කරන ලද්දකි. තීන්දුවෙන් මාස තුනක් ඇතුළත විහාරස්ථානයේ ඉදිකිරීම් අධීක්ෂණය සහ කළමනාකරණය කිරීම සඳහා භාරයක් පිහිටුවන ලෙස අධිකරණය මධ්‍යම රජයට නියෝග කළේය. අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය නරේන්ද්‍ර මෝදි 2020 පෙබරවාරි  වන දින ලෝක් සභාවේ භාරය පිහිටුවීම නිවේදනය කළේය.

මේ සම්බන්ධයෙන් වූ ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණ තීන්දුවෙන් පසුව 1993 අයෝධ්‍යාවේ ඇතැම් ප්‍රදේශ අත්පත් කර ගැනීමේ පනත යටතේ මතභේදයට තුඩු දී ඇති අක්කර 2.77 ක ඉඩම මෙන්ම අක්කර 67.703 ක ඉඩම භාරයට ප්‍රදානය කරන ලදී.

මධ්‍යම රජය භාරයේ සාමාජිකයන් 15 දෙනාගෙන් 12 දෙනා නම් කළේය. අයෝධ්‍යා නඩුවේ ශ්‍රී රාම් ලල්ලා විරාජ්මාන් වෙනුවෙන් පෙනී සිටි හිටපු නීතිපති කේසව පරාසරන් වැඩ බලන සභාපතිවරයා ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී.  2020 පෙබරවාරි 19 වන දින, භාරය එහි සෙසු සාමාජිකයින් නම් කර මහන්ත් නෘත්‍යගෝපාල් දාස් සභාපති ලෙස තෝරා ගන්නා ලදී.

වාස්තු විද්‍යා නිර්මාණ සේවා සඳහා 1992 දී සී. බි. සෝම්පුරා සමඟ ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ භාරකරුවන් ගිවිසුමක් අත්සන් කර තිබූ අතර අමතර ප්‍රතිපාදන සහිතව නැවත වලංගු කරන ලදී. 2020 නොවැම්බරයේදී භාරය විසින් ලාර්සන් ඒණ්ඩ් ටුබ්‍රෝ සැලසුම් සහ ඉදිකිරීම් කොන්ත්‍රාත්කරු ලෙසත් ටාටා පරාමර්ශදාත්‍රී ඉඤ්ජීනියර්ස් විහාරය ඉදිකිරීම සඳහා ව්‍යාපෘති කළමනාකරු උපදේශක ලෙසත් පත් කරන ලදී. 2020 පෙබරවාරි මාසයේදී, අක්කර 67 ක විහාර සංකීර්ණය සංවර්ධනය කිරීම සඳහා ටාටා පරාමර්ශදාත්‍රී ඉඤ්ජීනියර්ස් හා ඩිජාඊන් අසෝසිඒට්ස් ඉන්ක් සමඟ තවත් ගිවිසුම් අත්සන් කරන ලදී.

ශ්‍රීරාම ජන‍්මභූමි තීර්‍ථ ක්‍ෂේත්‍ර