STS-37, the thirty-ninth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the eighth flight of the Space Shuttle Atlantis, was a six-day mission with the primary objective of launching the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), the second of the Great Observatories program which included the visible-spectrum Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) and the infrared Spitzer Space Telescope. The mission also featured two spacewalks, the first since 1985.

Crew

Spacewalks
  Ross and Apt  – EVA 1
 EVA 1 Start: April 7, 1991
 EVA 1 End: April 7, 1991
 Duration: 4 hours, 32 minutes

   Ross and Apt  – EVA 2
 EVA 2 Start: April 8, 1991
 EVA 2 End: April 8, 1991
 Duration: 5 hours, 57 minutes

Crew seating arrangements

Preparations and launch

The STS-37 mission was successfully launched from launch pad 39B at 9:22:44 a.m. EST on April 5, 1991, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Resumption of the countdown after the T-9-minute hold was delayed about 4 minutes 45 seconds because of two possible weather-condition violations of the launch commit criteria (LCC). The first concerned the cloud ceiling being  less than the minimum of  for a return-to-launch-site (RTLS) abort, and the second concerned the possible weather-condition (wind) effects on blast propagation. Both conditions were found acceptable and the launch countdown proceeded to a satisfactory launch to an inclination of 28.45°. Launch weight: .

Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
The primary payload, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), was deployed on flight day 3. CGRO's high-gain antenna failed to deploy on command; it was finally freed and manually deployed by Ross and Apt during an unscheduled contingency spacewalk, the first since April 1985. The following day, the two astronauts performed the first scheduled spacewalk since November 1985 to test means for astronauts to move themselves and equipment about while maintaining the then-planned Space Station Freedom. CGRO science instruments were Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL), Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) and Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE). CGRO was the second of NASA's four Great Observatories. The Hubble Space Telescope, deployed during Mission STS-31 in April 1990, was the first. CGRO was launched on a two-year mission to search for the high-energy celestial gamma ray emissions, which cannot penetrate Earth's atmosphere. At about , CGRO was the heaviest satellite to be deployed into low Earth orbit from the Shuttle. It was also designed to be the first satellite that could be refueled in orbit by Shuttle crews. Five months after deployment, NASA renamed the satellite the Arthur Holly Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, or Compton Observatory, after the Nobel Prize-winning physicist who did important work in gamma-ray astronomy.

Spacewalks

The first U.S. extravehicular activity (EVA) or spacewalk since 1985 was performed by Mission Specialists Ross and Apt after six failed attempts to deploy the satellite's high-gain antenna. Repeated commands by ground controllers at the Payload Operations Control Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, and maneuvering of Atlantis and its Remote Manipulator System (Canadarm) robot arm, as well as CGRO's antenna dish, were to no avail in dislodging the boom. Ross and Apt were prepared for such a contingency, and Ross freed the antenna boom within 17 minutes after beginning the spacewalk. It was the first unscheduled contingency EVA since STS-51-D in April 1985. Deployment occurred about 18:35 EST, approximately 4 hours after it was scheduled.

The following day, on April 8, 1991, Ross and Apt made the first scheduled EVA since Mission STS-61-B in November 1985. The spacewalk was to test methods of moving crew members and equipment around the future Space Station Freedom. One of the experiments was to evaluate manual, mechanical and electrical power methods of moving carts around the outside of large structures in space. Although all three methods worked, the astronauts reported that propelling the cart manually or hand-over-hand worked best. With both EVAs, Ross and Apt logged 10 hours and 29 minutes walking in space during STS-37. Crew members also reported success with secondary experiments.

During the second EVA, a stainless steel palm restraint bar punctured the pressure bladder of Apt's right glove. However, the astronaut's hand and silk comfort glove partially sealed the hole, resulting in no detectable depressurization. In fact, the puncture was not noticed until postflight examination.

Additional payloads and experiments
Secondary payloads included Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA), which involved scheduled six-hour spacewalk by astronauts Ross and Apt (see above); Ascent Particle Monitor (APM); Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX II); Protein Crystal Growth (PCG); Bioserve/Instrumentation Technology Associates Materials Dispersion Apparatus (BIMDA); Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME Ill); and Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) experiment. Among the other payloads flown was the first flight of the Bioserve/Instrumentation Technology Associates Materials Dispersion Apparatus (BIMDA) to explore the commercial potential of experiments in the biomedical, manufacturing processes and fluid sciences fields, and the Protein Crystal Growth experiment, which has flown eight times before in various forms. Astronaut Pilot Kenneth D. Cameron was the primary operator of the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX), although all five crew members participated as amateur radio operators. It was arguably the first time that the astronauts received fast scan amateur television video from the ham radio club station (W5RRR) at Johnson Space Center (JSC).

During the spaceflight, the crew was additionally able to photograph the Kuwaiti oil fires on April 7, 1991, as the Gulf War was ongoing during the spaceflight.

Landing

On April 11, 1991, at 06:55:29 PDT, Runway 33, Edwards Air Force Base, California. Rollout distance: . Rollout time: 56 seconds. Landing originally scheduled for April 10, 1991, but delayed one day due to weather conditions at Edwards and Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Orbiter returned to KSC on April 18, 1991. Landing weight: .

Due to an incorrect call on winds aloft, Atlantis landed 623 feet (190 metres) short of the lakebed runway's threshold marking. This did not present a problem, since the orbiter landed on the dry lake bed of Edwards, and a problem was not obvious to most viewers. Had the landing been attempted at the Kennedy Space Center, the result would have been a touchdown on the paved underrun preceding the runway and would have been much more obvious. Landing speed was 168 KEAS, 13 knots faster than the slowest landing of the Shuttle program, STS-28's 155 KEAS.

Mission insignia
The three stars on the top and seven stars on the bottom of the insignia symbolize the flight's numerical designation in the Space Transportation System's mission sequence. The stars also represented the Amateur Radio term "73" or "Best regards", consistent with the fact that the entire crew had become licensed and operated the SAREX-II experiment while on orbit.

Wake-up calls
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Project Gemini, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.

See also

 List of human spaceflights
 List of Space Shuttle missions
 Outline of space science
 Space Shuttle

References

External links

 NASA mission summary
 STS-37 Video Highlights

Space Shuttle missions
Edwards Air Force Base
Spacecraft launched in 1991

STS-37


පේගැටැදියක් යනු ගොඩනැගිල්ලකැ හෝ ව්‍යුහයකැ හෝ මහල් අතර මිනිසුන් දරායන සල-පියගැට පෙළෙකි. එය පියගැටවලැ මතුපිට තිරස් වැ තබා ගන්නා පීලි යුගලක් මත පැදෙන, පීලි මත තනි තනි වැ ඈඳි පියගැට සහිත බමවනයෙන් දිවෙන දාමයකින් යුතුයි.

යොමු හා සටහන්

Articles containing video clips

පේගැටැදිය


Yukarıışıklar, Antalya ilinin Manavgat ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 85 km, Manavgat ilçesine 15 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Manavgat'ın mahalleleri

Yukarıışıklar, Manavgat


An Hierochloe mexicana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Albert Spear Hitchcock. An Hierochloe mexicana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hierochloe, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hierochloe

Hierochloe mexicana


Proba de schi fond, 50 km start în masă masculin de la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018 de la Pyeongchang, Coreea de Sud a avut loc pe 24 februarie 2018 la Alpensia Cross-Country Skiing Centre.

Program
Orele sunt orele Coreei de Sud (ora României + 7 ore).

Rezultate
Cursa a început la ora 14:00.

Referințe

Schi fond la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018

Schi fond la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018 - 50 km start în masă (masculin)


Ujes (en gallego: Uxes) es una estación ferroviaria situada en el municipio español de Arteijo en la provincia de La Coruña, comunidad autónoma de Galicia. Cuenta con servicios de media distancia operados por Renfe.

Situación ferroviaria
La estación se encuentra en el punto kilométrico 444,818 de la línea férrea que une Zamora con La Coruña a 112 metros de altitud, entre las estaciones de La Coruña y de Cerceda-Meirama

Servicios ferroviarios
Renfe presta servicios de Media Distancia gracias sus trenes MD en los trayectos:

 Vigo ↔ La Coruña-San Cristóbal.
 Santiago de Compostela ↔ La Coruña-San Cristóbal.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Media Distancia Galicia en la web de Renfe.

Ujes
Ujes
Ujes
Estaciones de ferrocarril inauguradas en 1943
Estaciones ferroviarias de España en los años 1940
Estaciones de ferrocarril de Galicia inauguradas en el siglo XX
Arquitectura de España de 1943

Estación de Ujes


Pennalithus est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Phrurolithidae.

Distribution
Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Asie de l'Est et en Asie du Nord.

Liste des espèces
Selon  :
 Pennalithus liaoning Mu & Zhang, 2023
 Pennalithus micans Mu & Zhang, 2023
 Pennalithus palgongensis (Seo, 1988)
 Pennalithus pennatus (Yaginuma, 1967)
 Pennalithus splendidus (Song & Zheng, 1992)
 Pennalithus suguroi Kamura, 2021

Systématique et taxinomie
Ce genre a été décrit par Kamura en 2021 dans les Phrurolithidae.

Publication originale
 Kamura, 2021 : « Three new genera of the family Phrurolithidae (Araneae) from East Asia. » Acta Arachnologica, , ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Phrurolithidae
Genre d'araignées (nom scientifique)

Pennalithus


Danske børn bygger skole for græske børn er en dansk udviklingsbistandsfilm fra 1952.

Handling
På opfordring fra UNESCO foranstalter Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke en indsamling blandt danske skolebørn, som skal bruges til at bygge en skole i Grækenland. Skolen bliver opført af unge frivillige fra Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke.
Indsamlingen blev senere inspiration til Unescos Kuponplan.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1952


Diese Liste der Michigan State Historic Sites im Houghton County nennt alle als Michigan State Historic Site eingestuften historischen Stätten im Oscoda County im US-Bundesstaat Michigan. Die mit † markierten Stätten sind gleichzeitig im National Register of Historic Places eingetragen.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Denkmäler im National Register of Historic Places im Oscoda County

Weblinks
 Historic Sites Online – Oscoda County. Michigan State Housing Developmental Authority.

Belege

!
Oscoda County

Liste der Michigan State Historic Sites im Oscoda County


Levi's Novi Marof bio je pogon za proizvodnje jeans odjeće u Novom Marofu pokrenut 1983. godine u sklopu poslovnog sustava Varteks d.d. iz Varaždina. Poslovao je prema licenciji američke kompanije Levi Strauss &. Co., a nastao je kao reakcija na odlazak građana Jugoslavije u Trst po traperice. Pokretač i prvi direktor Levi's Novi Marof bio je Vladimir Marić, a 1990. godine naslijedio ga je poznati hrvatski gospodarstvenik i športski djelatnik Anđelko Herjavec.

Licenciju za proizvodnju jeans odjeće marke "Levis", Varteks je izgubio 2007. godine, a 2013. godine izgubio je i pravo na distrubuciju proizvoda Levi Strauss &. Co.

Nastanak i povijest novomarofskog Levi's do 2001. godine opisana je u knjizi "Đelac – hazarder u smokingu", biografiji drugog direktora novomarofskog Levi's Anđelka Herjavca.

Izvori

Novi Marof
Hrvatske tvrtke

Levi's Novi Marof


Zinselhof ist ein Gemeindeteil des Marktes Dentlein am Forst im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Nördlich des Weilers befindet sich der Fichtelberg. Im Süden fließt ein Seitenarm des Leitenbachs, der ein linker Zufluss der Sulzach ist. Die Kreisstraße AN 52 führt an Kleinohrenbronn vorbei nach Dentlein (1,2 km nordwestlich) bzw. nach Großohrenbronn (0,6 km südöstlich).

Geschichte
Zinselhof lag im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Feuchtwangen. 1732 bestand der Ort aus einem Hof mit doppelter Mannschaft. Grundherr war das Stiftsverwalteramt Feuchtwangen. Von 1797 bis 1808 gehörte der Ort zum Justiz- und Kammeramt Feuchtwangen.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Zinselhof dem Steuerdistrikt und der Ruralgemeinde Dentlein zugeordnet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Ursula (Dentlein am Forst) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Raphael (Großohrenbronn) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Dentlein am Forst)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Weiler in Mittelfranken

Zinselhof


The pursuit of Nazi collaborators refers to the post-World War II pursuit and apprehension of individuals who were not citizens of the Third Reich at the outbreak of World War II but collaborated with the Nazi regime during the war. Hence, this article does not cover former members of the NSDAP and their fates after the war.

Background
There were a number of motives for the apprehension of suspected collaborators.  The main motives were: revenge for those murdered, especially those murdered on ethnic grounds in the Holocaust (principally among Jews, Poles, and Russians); a desire after the war to see those responsible face justice, and be categorised as criminals by a court of law (See Nuremberg Trials); a means of ensuring that criminal acts done were brought to light and placed on the official record, with evidence, so that they could never be disproven (some of the acts being so unthinkable that denial was plausible); widespread sense that genocide of whole communities and cultures on such a scale was intolerable and must not be left unprosecuted even despite the inadequacy of existing laws; and fear that a "Nazi underground" of some kind existed, such as the mythical ODESSA, which could allow the enemy to somehow regroup for their proclaimed Fourth Reich.

Means of pursuit
The pursuit took many forms, both individual and organised. Several organisations and individuals (famous Nazi hunters) pursued ex-Nazis or Nazi collaborators who allegedly engaged in war crimes or crimes against humanity. Individuals reported seeing someone they recognised, now living under a false identity. Specific individuals were named and sought by groups or governments for their crimes during the war.

Others were subject to after-war spontaneous retaliation in occupied countries, which in some areas led to "witch hunts" for those suspected of having been collaborators, in which vigilantism and summary justice were common. After a first period of spontaneous pursuit, provisional governments took the matter into their own hands and brought suspected criminals to court. The Nuremberg Trial in Germany judged only the highest German Nazi authorities, and each country prosecuted and sentenced their own collaborationists. Pierre Laval in France was judged and sentenced to death, while Philippe Pétain was also sentenced to death, but Charles de Gaulle later commuted that to a life sentence. Governments investigated and interrogated people suspected of collaboration, for example the U.S. DOJ Office of Special Investigations.

Nazi support and escape organisations were infiltrated; the most famous was the ODESSA network, its various "ratlines" and those believed to have aided and abetted them. However, many suspected war criminals were also given amnesty, and some reached high positions in post-war administrations (e.g. Maurice Papon, who became Police Prefect of Paris in charge during the Algerian War (1954–62); he was blamed for the 1961 Paris massacre). Others were never even tried, such as Robert de Foy who resumed his position as head of the Belgian State Security Service 1945–1958.

Pursuit in specific countries

Argentina
In early October 1999, Nazi hunter Efraim Zuroff tracked Ustasha Dinko Šakić, the former commandant of Jasenovac concentration camp (nicknamed the "Auschwitz of the Balkans"). Šakić had lived in Argentina for more than 50 years. He was extradited to Croatia and sentenced by a Zagreb court to 20 years' imprisonment for his crimes.

Australia
Latvia applied to Australia to extradite Konrāds Kalējs, allegedly a senior officer in the pro-Nazi Arajs Commando, but he died on 8 November 2001 before he could be extradited. Kalējs migrated to Australia in 1950 and took citizenship. Hungary applied for the extradition of Charles Zentai from Australia. He was accused of the murder of Peter Balazs, an 18-year-old Jewish man, in Budapest in November 1944, while serving in the Hungarian Army.

Belgium
Belgium imprisoned Belgian nationals who had collaborated with the Nazis and executed some. One Belgian to be sentenced to execution was Pierre Daye; however, he was one of the first Nazi collaborators to escape Europe, and unusually by plane. He fled to Argentina with the help of Charles Lescat, also collaborator of Je suis partout. Once in Argentina he attended a meeting organised by Juan Perón in the Casa Rosada during which a network (colloquially called ratlines) was created, to organise the escape of collaborators and former Nazis. On 17 June 1947, Belgium requested his extradition from Argentina; however, the Argentine Government ignored this request. Now secure in his freedom, Pierre Daye resumed his writing activities, becoming the editor of an official Perónist review.

Henri de Man was one of the leading Belgian socialist theoreticians of his period, who collaborated with Nazi Germany during World War II. After the liberation of Belgium, he crossed the border to Switzerland. He was convicted in absentia of treason after the war. He died 20 June 1953, together with his wife, in a collision with a train in Murten, Switzerland.

Albert Luykx fled to the Republic of Ireland in 1948 and became an Irish citizen in 1954.

Czechoslovakia
Actions against Nazi collaborators in Czechoslovakia, real or alleged, had two significant forms, by judiciary or by mob action. Immediately after the liberation of Czechoslovakia by Soviet and American armies, in an atmosphere of chaos, wild chases began. Individual acts of revenge, mob violence, and simply criminal acts motivated by the possibility to rob or loot targets, occurred. In some places were conducted, by organised groups of self-styled partisans, violence which resembled what is today known as ethnic cleansing. In most places this stopped when the provisional Czech government and local authorities took power. Other forms included legal action, undertaken by the state administration, after the war, until the regular Czech parliament was established. President Beneš ruled by issuing decrees, which were later ratified by parliament.

By decree 5/1945, property of untrustworthy persons was put under national administration. Untrustworthy were considered German and Hungarian nationals, and people who were active in destruction of the Czechoslovak state and its democratic government, supported Nazi occupation by any means, or were members of organisations considered fascist or collaborator. By the same decree, property of people of German and Hungarian nationality, who could prove they were anti-Nazi, could be returned to them.

By decree 12/1945 Sb., farm property of German and Hungarian nationals or citizens was confiscated, unless they could prove active resistance against Nazism. Property of traitors, and enemies of the republic was confiscated, regardless of nationality or citizenship. By decree 16/1945 Sb., special tribunals were started. These people's courts had right to sentence to long term imprisonment, life sentence or death. Prosecutions varied from verbal support to those who had committed crimes against humanity, no prosecution was based on ethnicity. By 33/1945 Sb. people of German and Hungarian nationality or ethnicity lost their Czechoslovakian citizenship. However, they had right to apply for renewal.

Most problematic was the law 115/1946, concerning resistance to the Nazi regime, which shifted limit of immunity to the year 1946, effectively amnestying all crimes, acts of individual revenge and atrocities against Germans and Hungarians long after the war.

People who lost Czechoslovakian citizenship and failed to apply or did not get it were transferred to Germany, many through the transfer camp established at Terezín, near the Theresienstadt concentration camp.

Estonia
In the Estonian war crimes trials of 1961 and 1962, several collaborators were sentenced for participation in the Estonian holocaust. Many of the accused escaped punishment by escaping into exile or by suicide. The infamous Karl Linnas, who had been sentenced to death in absentia, was finally deported by the United States in 1987, and died in a prison hospital shortly after.

France

After the liberation, France was briefly swept by a wave of executions of suspected collaborators. At least some of the women suspected of having romantic liaisons with Germans were publicly humiliated by having their heads shaved. Those who had engaged in the black market were also stigmatised as "war profiteers" (profiteurs de guerre). However, the Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF, 1944–46) quickly reestablished order and brought collaborators before the courts. Many of the convicted were later granted amnesty under the Fourth Republic (1946–1954), while some prominent civil servants, such as Maurice Papon, escaped prosecution altogether and succeeded in holding important positions even under Charles de Gaulle and the Fifth Republic (1958 and afterward).

Three periods have been identified:
The first phase (épuration sauvage) consisted of popular convictions, summary executions, and the shaving of women's heads. Estimates by police prefects made in 1948 and 1952 were that as many as six thousand executions occurred before the liberation of France, and four thousand thereafter. The second phase, épuration légale (legal purge), began on 26 and 27 June 1944 with Charles de Gaulle's ordinances on the judgment of collaborators by the commissions d'épuration; the commissions sentenced approximately 120,000 persons. Charles Maurras, the leader of the royalist Action française, was, for example, sentenced to life imprisonment on 25 January 1945. The third phase was more lenient towards collaborators; the trials of Philippe Pétain and the writer Louis-Ferdinand Céline are examples of actions taken during this phase.

Between 1944 and 1951, official courts in France sentenced 6,763 people to death (3,910 in absentia) for treason and other offences, and 791 executions were actually carried out. More common was "national degradation," a loss of face and civil rights, which was meted out to 49,723 people.

Philippe Pétain, the former head of Vichy France, was charged with treason in July 1945. He was convicted and sentenced to death by firing squad, but Charles de Gaulle commuted the sentence to life imprisonment. Pierre Laval was however, executed after his trial. Most convicted people were given amnesty a few years later. In the police, collaborators often resumed official responsibilities. For example, Maurice Papon, who would be convicted in the 1990s for his role in the Vichy collaborationist government, was in the position of giving orders for the Paris massacre of 1961 as the head of the Parisian police.

The French members of the Waffen-SS Charlemagne Division who survived the war were regarded as traitors. Some of the more prominent officers were executed, while the rank-and-file were given prison terms; some of them were given the option of serving time in Indochina (1946–54) with the Foreign Legion instead of prison.

Many war criminals were judged only in the 1980s, including Paul Touvier, Klaus Barbie, Maurice Papon and his deputy Jean Leguay. The last two were both convicted for their roles in the July 1942 Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv, or Vel' d'Hiv Roundup. Famous Nazi hunters Serge and Beate Klarsfeld spent decades trying to bring them to justice. A fair number of collaborationists joined the OAS terrorist movement during the Algerian War (1954–62). Jacques de Bernonville escaped to Quebec, then Brazil. Jacques Ploncard d'Assac became a counselor of Salazar in Portugal.

Reliable statistics of the death toll do not exist. At the low end, one estimate is that approximately 10,500 were executed, before and after liberation. "The courts of Justice pronounced about 6,760 death sentences, 3,910 in absentia and 2,853 in the presence of the accused. Of these 2,853, 73 percent were commuted by de Gaulle, and 767 carried out. In addition, about 770 executions were ordered by the military tribunals. Thus the total number of people executed before and after the Liberation was approximately 10,500, including those killed in the épuration sauvage", notably including members and leaders of the milices. US forces put the number of "summary executions" following liberation at 80,000. The French Minister of the Interior at the time, March 1945, reported that the number executed was 105,000.

Greece

Greece was under the control of the Third Reich from 1941 to 1944. After the liberation, the country followed a controversial period of denazification. Many collaborators and especially former leaders of the Nazi-held puppet regime in Athens were sentenced to death. General Georgios Tsolakoglou, the first collaborationist prime minister, was tried by the Greek Special Collaborators Court in 1945 and sentenced to death, but his penalty, like most death sentences, was commuted to life imprisonment. The second collaborationist leader, Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, who had fled to Germany after the Wehrmacht's withdrawal, was caught by the US military and was condemned to life imprisonment. In 1951, he was given parole and thus died outside prison. Ioannis Rallis, the third collaborationist prime minister, was tried on a treason charge; the court sentenced him to life imprisonment. However, several lower and middle figures that had collaborated with the Germans, especially members of the Security Battalions and the gendarmerie, were soon released and reinstated in their posts; in the developing Greek Civil War, their anti-Communist credentials were more important than their collaboration. Indeed, in many cases the same people who had collaborated with the Germans and staffed the post-war security establishment persecuted leftist former Resistance members.

Furthermore, during 1945, a Special Court on Collaborators in Ioannina condemned, in absentia, 1,930 Cham collaborators of the Axis to death (decision no. 344/1945). The next year the same court condemned an additional 179. However, the war crimes remained unpunished since the criminals had already fled abroad.

Israel

Israel enacted the Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law on 1 August 1950. Between 1950 and 1961, this law was used to prosecute around 40 Jewish Holocaust kapo murderers proven to have been Nazi collaborators.  In 1988 John Demjanjuk was sentenced to death too, but the guilty verdict was later overturned by the Supreme Court on 29 July 1993.

On 23 February 1965, Latvian aviator and Nazi collaborator Herberts Cukurs was assassinated by the Mossad, the Israeli foreign intelligence service, after being lured to Uruguay under the pretense of starting an aviation business.

Norway

Vidkun Quisling, the war time Norwegian "Minister President", and, among others, Nasjonal Samling leaders Albert Viljam Hagelin and Ragnar Skancke, were convicted and executed by firing squad. A total of 45 people were sentenced to death and 37 were executed (25 Norwegians and 12 Germans). Both at the time and later these sentences were the subject of some debate, since the decision to reintroduce capital punishment to the Norwegian legal system for the post war trials was based on clauses in military law. Capital punishment in the Criminal Code had been abolished in 1904. The decision was made by the exiled Norwegian government in London in 1944, later to be debated three times in the Parliament during the trials, and to be confirmed by the Supreme Court. Another five Norwegian-Nazi collaborators were executed in Poland for crimes committed against Poles in Norway.

Poland
In occupied Poland the status of Volksdeutsche had many privileges but one big disadvantage: Volksdeutsche were conscripted into the German Army. The Volksliste had 4 categories. No. 1 and No. 2 were considered ethnic Germans, while No. 3 and No. 4 were ethnic Poles that signed the Volksliste. No. 1 and No. 2 in the Polish areas re-annexed by Germany numbered ~1,000,000 and No. 3 and No. 4 ~1,700,000. In the General Government there were ~120,000 Volksdeutsche.

After the war, Volksdeutsche of Polish origins were treated by Poles with special contempt, and also considered traitors according to Polish law. German citizens that remained on territory of Poland became as a group personae non gratae. They had a choice of applying for Polish citizenship or being expelled to Germany. The property that belonged to Germans, German companies and German states, was confiscated by the Polish state along with many other properties in Communist Poland.

German owners, as explicitly stated by the law, were not eligible for any compensation. Those who decided to apply became subject to a verification process. At the beginning of the process, many acts of violence against Volksdeutsche took place. However, soon the verification of Volksdeutsche became controlled by the juridical process and was completed in a more controlled manner.

Soviet Union

Russian and other Soviet members of the Russian Liberation Army and the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia such as Andrey Vlasov were pursued, tried, and were either sent to Gulag prison camps or executed.

Many Soviet Prisoners of War were seen to have collaborated with the Nazis, even if they had done no more than been captured by the Wehrmacht, and spent the war in a camp. Many such unfortunate Soviet citizens were persecuted upon their repatriation to the Soviet Union. In general, after a short trial, if they were not executed, Nazi collaborators were imprisoned in Gulag forced labour camps.

The Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished and Volga Germans were banished from their settlements on the Volga River with many being deported to Kazakhstan or Siberia.

United Kingdom

At the end of the war a number of individuals were tried by the British government for high treason. These included members of the Waffen-SS British Free Corps and William Joyce, better known as Lord Haw-Haw. As agreed at the Yalta Conference, the British handed back many Soviet citizens to the Soviet authorities for trial. Some of these were collaborators who had served in the pro-Nazi Russian Liberation Army. A controversy would emerge several year later, because some of those handed over were White Russians and Cossacks who had never been Soviet citizens, and who were subsequently murdered by the Soviet authorities. Yugoslavs were handed over to Josip Broz Tito's forces, with many being imprisoned while some killed as a result.

Viktors Arājs, who was the leader of the eponymous commando unit which helped the Nazis murder the Jews of Latvia and Belarus, had been captured in the British zone of occupied Germany after the war, and was released in 1949 after spending several years in a prisoner-of-war camp, the British being ignorant to his true identity. He remained at large until 1979 when the West German government put him on trial. One of Arajs's deputies, Harijs Svikeris, settled in Britain after the war and in the 1990s was thought to be a strong candidate to be prosecuted under the War Crimes Act, but he died before being prosecuted.

In 1961 Ain-Ervin Mere was put on trial for leadership in the murder of 5,000 foreign Jews in Estonia, but his request for extradition by the British government, claiming that the Soviet government, who were conducted the trials, had insufficient evidence. On 1 April 1999, Anthony Sawoniuk was sentenced to life in prison after being found guilty of murdering 18 Jews in Britain's first Nazi war crimes trial. Sawoniuk had led "search-and-kill" police squads to hunt down Jews trying to escape after nearly 3,000 were massacred at Domachevo in Nazi-occupied Belarus during September 1942. He died in prison on 7 November 2005 at the age of 84.

Yugoslavia
The reprisals for collaboration with the Nazis were particularly harsh in Yugoslavia, because collaborators were also on the losing side of a de facto civil war fought on the Yugoslav territory during World War II. The Communists executed many Ustashe, as well as their collaborators, particularly in the Bleiburg death marches.

After the war, the UDBA, Yugoslavia's secret police, was sent overseas to find and eliminate several former Ustashe who fled the country, including the leader of the Ustashe and their pro-Nazi government, Ante Pavelić. They conducted a successful assassination of Vjekoslav Luburić and others, and the extradition of Zdenko Blažeković, Andrija Artuković, and others.

See also
 Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II
 Denazification
 Deschênes Commission
 Expulsion of Germans after World War II
 Jacob Luitjens
 List of SS personnel

References and notes

Bibliography
 Martin Mauthner. Otto Abetz and His Paris Acolytes: French Writers Who Flirted with Fascism, 1930–1945. (Sussex Academic Press, 2016).

External links
 BBC: UK Life for war criminal Anthony Sawoniuk

Aftermath of World War II

Political and cultural purges
Politics of World War II

Pursuit of Nazi collaborators


Fædrelandsvennen, Norveç'in, Kristiansand şehrinde bulunan gazetedir. Ülkenin en güneyini (Aust-Agder ve Vest-Agder) kapsayan gazete özellikle Mandal ve Lillesand'ın arasındaki alana odaklanmıştır.

Gazetenin şu anki şef editörü Finn Holmer-Hoven'dir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmî site

Norveç gazeteleri
Norveççe gazeteler

Fædrelandsvennen


La Bien-aimée (Titre de travail :	Douce Alsace) est un film muet français réalisé par Maurice Le Forestier, sorti en 1912.

Il s'agit d'une adaptation du roman La Bien-aimée de Jules Mary, publié par E. Dentu éditeur en 1885.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre : La Bien-aimée
 Titre de travail : Douce Alsace
 Réalisation : Maurice Le Forestier
 Scénario : d'après le roman La Bien-aimée de Jules Mary
 Photographie : Pierre Trimbach
 Montage :
 Producteur :
 Société de production : Société cinématographique des auteurs et gens de lettres (S.C.A.G.L)
 Société de distribution :  Pathé Frères
 Pays d'origine :
 Métrage :  mètres dont 720 en couleurs
 Langue : film muet avec les intertitres en français
 Format : Couleurs et Noir et blanc — 35 mm — 1,33:1 — Muet
 Genre : Film dramatique
 Durée : 27 minutes 40
 Dates de sortie :
  :

Distribution
 Stacia Napierkowska : Lisbeth
 Jean Angelo
 Armand Numès
 Georges Saillard

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Ciné-Journal n° 216 du 12 octobre 1912
 Bulletin Pathé n° 37
 Henri Bousquet, Catalogue Pathé des années 1896 à 1914, Bures-sur-Yvette, Éditions Henri Bousquet, 1994-2004

Articles connexes
 Liste de films français sortis en 1912

Liens externes

 La Bien-aimée sur le site de la Fondation Jérôme Seydoux-Pathé

Film français sorti en 1912
Court métrage français
Film dramatique français
Film réalisé par Maurice Le Forestier
Adaptation d'un roman français au cinéma
Film en français
Film muet français
Film partiellement en noir et blanc
Film colorisé
Film distribué par Pathé
Mai 1912

La Bien-aimée


An Poa pearsonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Raymond Reeder. An Poa pearsonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Poa

Poa pearsonii


Gabriel Francis Marshall Thomson (born 27 October 1986) is an English former actor, best known for his role as Michael Harper in the British situation comedy series My Family.

Career
Thomson began his acting career at the age of four, performing in plays with a company called the Goliards while his family holidayed in Devon. At the age of five, he gave his first TV performance in an advert for Frosties which he later said he'd "rather forget." In 1995, he appeared in a television version of The Bible: Joseph. He followed this up with a small role in another television mini-series called Painted Lady.

It was in 1999 that Thomson secured his first major acting role, playing Young Pip in a BBC adaption of Great Expectations. It was through his role on Painted Lady that he was cast in Great Expectations, as the casting director of Painted Lady thought he would be perfect as Pip. The same year, Thomson made his big screen debut as Pinocchio in The New Adventures of Pinocchio.

From 2000 until 2011, Thomson played Michael Harper in the British BBC sitcom My Family, starring alongside Robert Lindsay, Zoë Wanamaker, Daniela Denby-Ashe and Kris Marshall. He is the only one out of the Harper children to have appeared in every series as Daniela Denby-Ashe left the series in 2002, later returning in 2004 and Kris Marshall left the series in 2005. He is also remembered for acting alongside Jude Law, Rachel Weisz and Ed Harris in the 2001 film Enemy at the Gates as Soviet spy Sasha Filippov.

He was at one time rumoured to play Harry Potter in the series of films based on the popular books by J.K. Rowling; however, just days later Warner Brothers announced that the part was to be portrayed by Daniel Radcliffe.

Thomson portrayed Lysander in A Midsummer Night's Dream and Claudio in Much Ado About Nothing with the British Shakespeare Company on their 2009 tour of the UK, the Republic of Ireland, Norway and the Czech Republic.

Also starred in the British film 13Hrs. In 2010, Gabriel joined the cast of GB Theatre Company, playing Orlando in As You Like It and Dr Caius in The Merry Wives of Windsor. The tour included the Republic of Ireland, Norway, the Czech Republic and the UK.

Gabriel also starred in the film, The Lost Choices, released by Metrodome in the UK on 14 September 2015.

On 20 August 2015, Thomson had announced on his Facebook page that he was leaving acting to return to university, and on 15 September the Daily Mirror reported that he was to attend King's College in London for three years to study for a degree in philosophy, with the aim of becoming a human rights lawyer.

Personal life
Thomson attended Elliott School in Putney.

Filmography

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
English male film actors
English male television actors
Male actors from London
Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
English male stage actors
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors

Gabriel Thomson


Earl of Northesk is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1662 for John Carnegie, who notably served as Sheriff of Forfarshire. He was given the subsidiary title of Lord Rosehill and Eglismauldie (or Inglismaldie) at the same time. Carnegie had already been created Earl of Ethie and Lord Lour in 1647 but relinquished those titles in exchange for the 1662 creations. For the purposes of precedence and seniority, the earldom of Northesk is treated as having been created in 1647, the date of the creation of the earldom of Ethie.

Lord Northesk's great-grandson, the fourth Earl, sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer from 1708 to 1715. His younger son, the sixth Earl, was an admiral in the Royal Navy. He was succeeded by his son, the seventh Earl. He was also an admiral in the navy and was third in command at the Battle of Trafalgar. Lord Northesk was also a Scottish representative peer between 1796 and 1807 and 1830 and 1831. His grandson, the ninth Earl, was a Scottish representative peer from 1885 to 1891. He was succeeded by his son, the tenth Earl, who served as a Scottish representative peer from 1900 to 1921. His son, the eleventh Earl, was a Scottish representative peer from 1959 to 1963, when all Scottish peers were given an automatic seat in the House of Lords.

The eleventh Earl was succeeded by his first cousin, the twelfth Earl. He was the son of the Hon. Douglas Carnegie, second son of the ninth Earl. The fourteenth Earl was one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that were allowed to remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, and sat on the Conservative benches. When he died without surviving male issue in 2010, the line of the third Earl failed, and the titles passed to his eighth cousin once removed, the fifteenth Earl, who is a writer and a descendant of the second Earl.

David Carnegie, 1st Earl of Southesk, was the elder brother of the first Earl. Another member of the Carnegie/Carnegy family was Elizabeth Carnegy, Baroness Carnegy of Lour. She was a descendant of the Hon. Patrick Carnegie of Lour, third son of the second Earl of Northesk, and a great-great-granddaughter of Major-General Alexander Carnegie (1793–1862) through his first son, making her a third cousin of the fifteenth Earl.

The earldom is named after the River North Esk in Angus. The family seat was Ethie Castle, near Arbroath, Scotland.

Earl of Northesk (1647/1662)
John Carnegie, 1st Earl of Northesk (c. 1580 – 1667)
David Carnegie, 2nd Earl of Northesk (b. 1627 – 1679)
David Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Northesk (1643–1688)
David Carnegie, 4th Earl of Northesk (1675–1729)
David Carnegie, 5th Earl of Northesk (1701–1741)
George Carnegie, 6th Earl of Northesk (1716–1792)
David Carnegie, Lord Rosehill (1749–1788)
William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk (1756–1831)
George Carnegie, Lord Rosehill (1791–1807)
William Hopetoun Carnegie, 8th Earl of Northesk (1794–1878)
George John Carnegie, 9th Earl of Northesk (1843–1891)
David John Carnegie, 10th Earl of Northesk (1865–1921)
David Ludovic George Hopetoun Carnegie, 11th Earl of Northesk (1901–1963)
John Douglas Carnegie, 12th Earl of Northesk (1895–1975)
Robert Andrew Carnegie, 13th Earl of Northesk (1926–1994)
David John MacRae Carnegie, 14th Earl of Northesk (1954–2010)
Alexander Carnegie, Lord Rosehill (1980–2001)
Patrick Charles Carnegy, 15th Earl of Northesk (born 1940)

The heir presumptive is the present holder's brother, Colin David Carnegy (born 1942).
The heir presumptive's heir apparent is his son, Charles Alexander Carnegy (born 1975).
The heir presumptive's heir apparent's heir apparent is Patrick James Frederick Alexander Carnegy (born 2014).

Family tree

Male-line family tree

See also
Earl of Southesk
Carnegie (disambiguation)

Notes

References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

External links
Earl of Northesk Open Rights Group

People associated with Angus, Scotland
Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland
Noble titles created in 1662
Noble titles created in 1647

Earl of Northesk


was a town located in Yatsuka District, Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,541 and a density of 118.05 persons per km2. The total area was 55.41 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Mihonoseki, along with the towns of Kashima, Shimane, Shinji, Tamayu and Yatsuka, and the village of Yakumo (all from Yatsuka District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsue.

Dissolved municipalities of Shimane Prefecture
Matsue, Shimane

Mihonoseki, Shimane


Michelle Anne O'Byrne (born 6 March 1968) is Australian politician for the Australian Labor Party. She was elected in the 2006 state election to the Tasmanian House of Assembly in the division of Bass. Prior to her election to state parliament she was a member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1998 to 2004, representing the Division of Bass. Until the defeat of the Labor government in the 2014 state election, she served in the Tasmanian cabinet as Minister for Health, Children and Sport & Recreation. She served in cabinet with her brother David O'Byrne, one of a very few pairs of siblings to have served in cabinet together anywhere in the world.

O'Byrne was born in Launceston, Tasmania, a grand-niece of a former Labor senator and President of the Senate, Justin O'Byrne.  She graduated from the University of Tasmania in 1992, with a Bachelor of Arts in General Studies. She was an organiser for the Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Union, and electorate officer to Senator Kerry O'Brien before entering politics. She won the federal seat of Bass in 1998, and again in 2001, but was defeated by her Liberal opponent Michael Ferguson in the 2004 election. Many put this down to concern about loss of forestry jobs under Labor's environment policy, which had the potential to adversely affect O'Byrne's electorate.

After more than a year out of politics, O'Byrne ran as a Labor candidate in the 2006 state election and was easily elected for the state seat of Bass, which covers the same territory as the federal seat. She topped the poll in the five-member electorate, receiving 23.3% of first preferences, helping ensure that Bass was the only seat to record a swing to Labor.

Prior to the 2010 election, O'Byrne was Minister for Environment, Parks, Heritage and the Arts, Minister for Tourism and Minister for Sport and Recreation in the Bartlett government.

References

1968 births
Living people
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Tasmania
Labor Left politicians
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Bass
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Women members of the Australian House of Representatives
Australian trade unionists
University of Tasmania alumni
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
20th-century Australian politicians
Women members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
20th-century Australian women politicians
Women deputy opposition leaders

Michelle O'Byrne


Iguaçu Nationalpark ligger i delstaten Paraná i det sydvestlige Brasilien. Parken grænser i syd til Iguaçufloden. Lige syd for floden, på den argentinske side, ligger Iguazú Nationalpark.

Nationalparken blev grundlagt i 1939 og omfatter i dag 1.700 km². 1986 blev Iguaçu nationalpark klassificeret som UNESCO verdensarv.

I omgivelserne omkring Parque Nacional do Iguaçu vokser hovedsagelig stedsegrøn løvskov.  Klimaet i området er fugtigt og subtropisk .  Årsmiddeltemperaturen i området er 20 °C. Den varmeste måned er februar, når middeltemperaturen er 23 °C, og den koldeste er juli, med 14 °C. Gennemsnitlig årsnedbør er 2.666 millimeter. Den regnfuldeste måned er juni, med i gennemsnit 399 mm nedbør , og den tørreste er august, med 76 mm nedbør.

Kilder og henvisninger

 Iguaçu National Park på whc.unesco.org

Verdensarvsområder i Brasilien
Nationalparker i Brasilien
Paraná
Grænseoverskridende beskyttede områder

Iguaçu Nationalpark


Pajtovići su naseljeno mjesto u općini Vareš, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 35

 Srbi - 35

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 1

 Srbi - 1

Izvori

Naselja u Zeničko-dobojskoj županiji
Vareš

Pajtovići


Majo i manolo su nazivi za stanovnike predgrađa Madrida koji su se u 18. i 19. stoljeću isticali svojom pompoznom odjećom, arogantnim stavom i ležernim načinom govora. Odgovarajući oblici u ženskom rodu su maja i manola. Nazivi potječu iz saineta španjolskog dramatičara Ramóna de la Cruza.

Povijest
Majo (izg. màho, IPA: ) i manolo, te oblici u ženskom rodu maja (izg. màha) i manola, izvedenice su španjolskog imena Manuel. Odgovarajuća množina u španjolskom jeziku je majos i majas.

Ramón de la Cruz je napisao oko 300 djela. Značajna grupa su sainete, parodije na neoklasicističke francuske tragedije. Zasnovane su na svakodnevici madridske ulice. U njima manolo i majo predstavljaju stanovnike predgrađa Madrida koji su se izdvajali po svom stilu odjevanja i manirama.

Kasnije se pojam majo proširio na čitavu Španjolsku. Predstavlja pripadnika niže klase koji svojim odjevanjem, manirama i načinom govora iskazuje prezir prema tadašnjim uobičajenim društvenim normama, odnosno prema eliti koja je bila pod francuskim utjecajem.

Majo je uobičajeno predstavljen kao nadmena osoba koja s visine gleda sve oko sebe. U pompoznoj odjeći, s dugim plaštom i nezaobilaznom cigarom gordo šeće ulicama.

Njihove žene, maje, također su se isticale iz gomile svojim ponašanjem i dostojanstvom. Lik maje koji je nastao u Andaluziji postao je kvintesencija Španjolke.

Odjeća
Muška odjeća se sastoji od sljedećih elemenata: šešir širokog oboda, kratki kaputić ("figaro"), kratki šareni prsluk, uske ukrašene hlače do ispod koljena, široki pojas ispod koga je skriven nož, dokoljenice, te cipele ukrašene kopčama.

Ženska inačica sastoji se visokog vela na kosi, jakne sa širokim reverima, bez korzeta, lepršave suknje ispod koje je podvezicom učvršćen nož.

Utjecaj
Razuzdani život maja, njihovi temperamentni međusobni sukobi, pjesme i plesovi uz tamburin, kastanjete i gitaru bili su neodoljvo privlačni visokom društvu. Tako se krajem 18. stoljeća javlja izraz mahizam (majismo) koji označava aristokratsku naklonost prema odjeći i običajima manola i maja obaju spolova. Mahizam se nalazi u brojnim djelima 19. stoljeća, od kojih je operom Carmen Georges Bizet najistaknutiji predstavnik.

Osim što se proširio na sve slojeve društva, majo i maja česta su tema u slikarstvu. Nizom slika na temu maja i manola, među kojima su istaknute Gola maja (La maja desnuda, ) i Odjevena maja (La maja vestida, ), na kojima je maja predstavljena u punoj veličini, Francisco Goya je najzaslužniji za popularizaciju likova.

Galerija

Inspiriran Goyinim slikama, Enrique Granados napisao je niz skladbi na temu maja, među kojima je i njegovo remek-djelo Goyescas, s podnaslovom Los majos enamorados (Zaljubljeni maji).

Izvori
 maja, natuknica na Hrvatskom jezičnom portalu, hjp.znanje.hr
 Ramón de la Cruz Cano y Olmedilla, natuknica na Hrvatskoj enciklopediji, www.enciklopedija.hr
 sainete, natuknica na Hrvatskom jezičnom portalu, hjp.znanje.hr
 Nekoliko značenja riječi "majo", Spanish Word of the Day: 'Majo', The Local, www.thelocal.es  (pristupljeno: 16. travnja 2020.)
 Mey-Yen Moriuchi, recenzija knjige Framing Majismo: Art and Royal Identity in Eighteenth-Century Spain Tare Zanardi, College Art Association, caareviews.org  (pristupljeno: 16. travnja 2020.)
 Knjiga "Ljubavni običaji u Španjolskoj u 18. stoljeću", Carmen Martín Gaite (prijevod Maria G. Tomsich): Love Customs in Eighteenth-Century Spain, Berkeley: University of California Press 1991., publishing.cdlib.org  (pristupljeno: 16. travnja 2020.)

Vanjske poveznice

Povijest Španjolske
Kultura

Majo


كشك قد تشير إلى:

 عبد الحميد كشك رجل دين مصري.
 كشك أكلة مصرية.
 كشك مكان صغير على الشارع لبيع المواد الاستهلاكية الرخيصة مثل الصحف والمجلات والولاعات وخرائط الشوارع والسجائر والحلويات.

كشك (توضيح)


Pădurea pierdută este un film românesc din 1971 regizat de Andrei Blaier. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Ilarion Ciobanu, Cornel Patrichi, Leni Pințea-Homeag, Adriana Ionescu.

Prezentare

În 1943, într-un sat de pescari români de pe Dunăre, frații Pavel și Simion concurează pentru dragostea Liei în timp ce războiul se dezlănțuie.

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 1.641.583 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1971 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1971
Filme regizate de Andrei Blaier
Filme dramatice românești

Pădurea pierdută


Ranco se poate referi la:

 Ranco, Lombardia, comună în Provincia Varese, Italia
 El Ranco, provincie din regiunea Los Ríos, Chile
 Lago Ranco, târg și comună din provincia Ranco, regiunea Los Ríos, Chile

Ranco


Lautner puede hacer referencia a los siguientes artículos:

  John (Edward) Lautner, arquitecto estadounidense; o
 Taylor (Daniel) Lautner, actor estadounidense.

Lautner


Ceará foi um navio do tipo tênder operado pela Marinha do Brasil. A embarcação foi construída nos estaleiros da Fiat-Sant Giorgio, em La Spezia, Itália. Foi comissionado na armada em 28 de abril de 1917.

Na Marinha do Brasil, operou como navio de suporte às embarcações da Flotilha de Submarinos, fornecendo reparos, manutenção, torpedos, energia elétrica, ar comprimido, combustível, água doce e destilada, sobressalentes e alojamento para as tripulações. A baixa foi registrada em 25 de março de 1946.

Navios de 1915
Navios construídos em La Spezia
Navios auxiliares da Marinha do Brasil

Ceará (tênder de submersíveis)


المصلى المرواني هو معلم من معالم المسجد الأقصى تحت ساحات المسجد الأقصى المبارك الجنوبية الشرقية، ويتحد حائطاه الجنوبي والشرقي مع حائطي المسجد الأقصى المبارك، وهما كذلك حائطا سور البلدة القديمة في مدينة (القدس.

عرف هذا الجزء من المسجد الأقصى المبارك قديما بالتسوية الشرقية، إذ بناه الأمويون أصلا كتسوية معمارية لهضبة بيت المقدس الأصلية المنحدرة جهة الجنوب حتى يتسنى البناء فوق قسمها الجنوبي الأقرب إلى القبلة على أرضية مستوية وأساسات متينة ترتفع لمستوى القسم الشمالي. ويرجح أن يكون قد بنى قبل الجامع القِبْلي، لهذا السبب، وأنه استخدم للصلاة ريثما يتم بناء هذا الجامع.

يضم المصلى 16 رواقا حجريا قائما على دعامات حجرية قوية، ويمتد على مساحة تبلغ نحو أربعة دونمات ونصف (الدونم = ألف متر مربع)، حيث يعد أكبر مساحة مسقوفة في المسجد الأقصى المبارك حاليا. ويمكن الوصول إليه من خلال سلم حجري يقع شمال شرق الجامع القِبْلي، أو من خلال بواباته الشمالية الضخمة المتعامدة على السور الشرقي للمسجد الأقصى المبارك، والتي تم الكشف عنها مؤخرا.

خلال فترة الاحتلال الصليبي للقدس، حوله المحتلون إلى إسطبل لخيولهم، ومخزنٍ للذخيرة، وأسموه «اسطبلات سليمان». ولا يزال بالإمكان رؤية الحلقات التي حفروها في أعمدة هذا المصلى العريق لربط خيولهم. وبعد تحرير بيت المقدس، أعاد صلاح الدين الأيوبي () تطهيره وإغلاقه.

وظل المصلى المرواني مغلقا لسنوات طويلة، نظرا لاتساع ساحات الأقصى العلويّة، وقلة عدد شادّي الرحال إلى المسجد المبارك. ثم أعادت مؤسسة الأقصى لإعمار المقدسات ولجنة التراث الإسلامي ببيت المقدس تأهيله، وفتحه للصلاة، في نوفمبر 1996م -1417هـ، وذلك بهدف حمايته من مخطط كان يهدف إلى تمكين اليهود من الصلاة فيه، ومن ثم الاستيلاء عليه، حيث أقاموا درجا يقود إليه عبر الباب الثلاثي المغلق في الجدار الجنوبي للمسجد الأقصى المبارك.

واعتبر هذا العمل أضخم مشروع عمراني في المسجد الأقصى المبارك منذ مئات السنين. وجاء نجاح المسلمين في فتح بوابتين عملاقتين من بوابات المصلى المرواني الشمالية الضخمة في مايو 2000م، وبناء درَجٍ كبير داخل الأقصى يقود إلى هذه البوابات، في فترة زمنية وجيزة، سبباً في إثارة حفيظة سلطات الاحتلال الصهيوني التي كانت تخطط للسيطرة على المكان. وفي 28-9– 2000م، اقتحم أرئيل شارون، زعيم المعارضة الصهيونية آنذاك، المسجد الأقصى المبارك، ، وحاول الوصول إلى المصلّى المرواني مدنسا باحات المسجد الأقصى، الأمر الذي أدّى إلى اندلاع انتفاضة الأقصى المباركة في اليوم التالي.

وتعاني كثير من أعمدة المصلى المرواني وجدرانه، خاصة في رواقه الأخير الملاصق للجدار الشرقي للمسجد الأقصى المبارك، وكذلك سقفه، من تصدعات خطيرة تهدده بالانهيار نتيجة تراكم ترسبات من الأوساخ والأتربة بسبب تسرب الرطوبة، مما يتطلب ترميما عاجلا يحظره المحتلون في إطار حصارهم المتواصل للمسجد الأقصى المبارك الأسير منذ 1967م.

المصادر:

1- http://www.foraqsa.com/CONTENT/daleel/html/21.htm

مراجع

الحرم القدسي الشريف
الهيكل الثاني
سلاح الفرسان
سليمان
عمارة أموية
فرسان الهيكل
مبان ومنشآت اكتملت في القرن 1 ق م
مساجد القدس
مملكة بيت المقدس
هيرودس الأول
منشآت عسكرية أسست في القرن 11

المصلى المرواني


Blepharidophyllaceae, porodica jetrenjarki, dio reda Jungermanniales. Postoje dva priznata roda

Rodovi
 Blepharidophyllum Ångstr.
 Clandarium (Grolle) R.M. Schust.

Izvori

Jungermanniineae

Blepharidophyllaceae


ෆොක්ස් ස්පෝර්ට්ස් නිව්ස් යනු ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාවට අයත්, කේබල් හා සැටලයිට් තාක්ෂණයන්ගෙන් මුදාහරින රූපවාහිනී ක්‍රීඩා ප්‍රවෘත්ති නාලිකාවකි. නාලිකාවේ හිමිකාරීත්වය ෆොක්ස් ස්පෝර්ට්ස් ප්‍රයිවට් ලිමිටඩ් සතු වන අතර, ෆොක්ස් ස්පෝර්ට්ස් නිව්ස් නාලිකාව, ෆොක්ස් ස්පෝර්ට්ස් (Fox Sports) නාලිකාවේ සහෝදර නාලිකාවද වෙයි .

ඉතිහාසය
ෆොක්ස් ස්පෝර්ට්ස් නිව්ස් නාලිකාව ආරම්භ කරන ලද්දේ 2006 ඔක්තෝම්බර් 1 වැනි දිනයි. මුල්ම කාලයේදී නාලිකාව තුල පැය 6 ක්, එක්සත් රාජධානියේ ස්කයි ස්පෝර්ට්ස් නිව්ස් නාලිකාව සජීවීව විකාශය කරන ලදී.

2013 මාර්තු 5 වන දිනදී, ෆොක්ස් ස්පෝර්ට්ස් නව මූලස්ථානයක් නිව් සවුත් වේල්ස්, Artarmon හී විවෘත කරන ලදී. එදිනම ෆොක්ස් ස්පෝර්ට්ස් නිව්ස් නාලිකාවේ ලාංඡනයද වෙනස් කොට නව මුහුණුවරකින් හඳුන්වාදෙන ලදී.

මේවාද බලන්න
 ජාත්‍යන්තර ප්‍රවෘත්ති නාලිකා

මූලාශ්‍ර

ෆොක්ස් ස්පෝර්ට්ස් නිව්ස් (ඕස්ට්‍රේලියා)


An Machaerina teretifolia in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Robert Brown, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Tetsuo Michael Koyama. An Machaerina teretifolia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Machaerina, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Machaerina

Machaerina teretifolia


Den firbenede Sherlock Holmes er en dansk stumfilm fra 1918 med instruktion og manuskript af Lau Lauritzen Sr..

Handling

Medvirkende
 Rasmus Christiansen - Nokke, privatdetektiv
 Louis Melander - Ammonisechowski
 Peter Jørgensen - Den tibetanske gesandt

Eksterne henvisninger

Film instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr.
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1918
Sherlock Holmes

Den firbenede Sherlock Holmes


Sørvágur es una localidad y un municipio de las Islas Feroe (Dinamarca). El municipio incluye la mitad occidental de la isla de Vágar, así como la isla Mykines, y un total de cuatro localidades, que suman en su conjunto 1126 habitantes. La capital municipal, el pueblo de Sørvágur, concentra a la mayor población, con 1015 habitantes en 2011.

Etimología

Sørvágur se compone de dos raíces: sør, de origen incierto, y vágur, "bahía" en feroés. En danés, el nombre se traduce como Sørvåg, que significa literalmente "bahía del sur". Sin embargo, esta traducción no es aceptada como correcta en lo general, ya que suður es la palabra feroesa para "sur". Hay una leyenda que dice que el primer habitante del lugar era un hombre llamado Sørli, y de él deriva el nombre actual del pueblo. Otra explicación es que la palabra sør provenga del nórdico antiguo seyr, que significa "arena", por lo que Sørvágur tendría la misma etimología que Sandavágur. Al poseer Sørvágur una playa relativamente grande, algunos creen que la última teoría es la correcta, si bien no hay ninguna fuente histórica que avale que el pueblo se llamó primero Seyrvágur. En la primera mitad del , pretendiendo regresar a los orígenes, los lugareños empezaron a nombrar al pueblo como Seyrvágur, pero tal costumbre terminó por extinguirse.

Historia
Investigaciones arqueológicas han resultado en hallazgos de viviendas que datan del año 1000, con lo que Sørvágur es uno de los pueblos más antiguos de las Feroe. Con todo, el pueblo no es mencionado en el primer documento de las islas, la Saga de los Feroeses, del , sino hasta el , en la Hundabrævið.

La actual iglesia data de 1886.

En 1915 se fundó el municipio de Sørvágur, que en ese entonces sólo incluía el pueblo homónimo. En 2005 su territorio se agrandó con la fusión de los municipios vecinos de Bøur (que incluía Bøur y Gásadalur) y Mykines (que consistía de la isla homónima y el único poblado de ésta), convirtiéndose en uno de los mayores municipios del archipiélago.

Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, ingenieros del ejército británico se establecieron en Sørvágur, modernizaron el puerto y crearon una base aérea que sería el antecedente del actual aeropuerto.

La primera fábrica de procesamiento de pescado de las Feroe fue construida en Sørvágur en 1952.

Geografía

El pueblo de Sørvágur se localiza en el occidente de la isla de Vagar, en la cabeza del fiordo de Sørvágsfjørður. Se asienta en un pequeño valle por donde fluyen los ríos Stórá y Kirkjuá. Cerca del pueblo hay otro pequeño río llamado Hanusará. Al estar protegido por las montañas que rodean al fiordo, el lugar es un buen puerto natural.

Los lagos Fjallavatn (al norte) y Leitisvatn (al sur) son compartidos con el vecino municipio de Vágar.

Demografía
El municipio de Sørvágur tiene en 2011 una población estimada de 1126 personas. La capital municipal concentra el 90 % de la población, con 1015 habitantes. Hay otras tres localidades muy pequeñas: Bøur y Gásadalur, con 74 y 21 habitantes, respectivamente, y  Mykines, en la isla del mismo nombre, con 16.

Infraestructura

Dentro del término municipal de Sørvágur, a tan sólo 1,9 km de distancia del pueblo, se encuentra el aeropuerto de Vágar, el único aeropuerto de las Islas Feroe.

Sørvágur cuenta además con una carretera que corre a lo largo de la rivera norte del fiordo. Esta carretera llega a Bøur y termina en Gásadalur. Por el oriente del pueblo parte otra carretera, llamada Sørvágsvegur, que llega al aeropuerto y a los pueblos del municipio vecino, y eventualmente hasta Tórshavn.

Del puerto de Sørvágur parte periódicamente un transbordador hacia la isla de Mykines.

Política
Las últimas elecciones municipales se celebraron el 11 de noviembre de 2008 y el nuevo gobierno entró en funciones el 1 de enero de 2009. El alcalde de Sørvágur es Sune Jacobsen, que pertenece al Partido Unionista.

Referencias

Municipios de las Islas Feroe

Sørvágur


Las lenguas pérmicas son una de las dos ramas del grupo finopérmico de las lenguas urálicas. Se hablan al pie de los montes Urales, en Rusia occidental.

Clasificación
Las lenguas pérmicas se dividen en dos grandes grupos:
 Komi, grupo muy heterogéneo que puede considerarse formado por varias lenguas:
 Komi-permio (Komi-Permyak)
 Komi-yodzio (Yodzyak, Komi-Jazva)
 Komi-ziriano (Komi, Komi-Zyrian, Zyrian)
 Udmurto (Votyak)

Descripción lingüística

Fonología
El inventario fonológico del proto-pérmico se ha reconstruido como:

Este inventario consonántico se ha conservado casi sin cambios en las modernas lenguas pérmicas. Aunque en komi se han fusionado la  original junto con  y se han producido el cambio  →  o  en muchos dialectos. Mientras que en udmurto a principio de palabra se ha dado el cambio  → .  se conservado solo en los dialectos udmurtos, habiendo pasado en el resto de variedades a  (junto a vocales posteriores), a  (junto a vocales centrales) y a  junto a vocales anteriores.

En las modernas lenguas pérmicas, pueden aparecer también las consonantes  en préstamos léxicos del ruso recientes.

La consonante  era poco frecuente y solo aparecía a principio de palabra o tras  inicial, generalmente se remonta a la diptongación de una vocal posterior cerrada. Una palabra anómala es el término para el numeral "seis", , que en komi es la única palabra nativa con un grupo consonántico inicial.

Tanto el komi estándar y udumurto estándar tienen un sistema de siete vocales . Aunque estos fonemas no se corresponden directamente en palabras relacionadas, para dar cuenta de las correspondencias el proto-pérmico requiere de vocales adicionales, en algunas propuestas se requirirían hasta 15 fonemas vocálicos en total. La reconstrucción del sistema vocálcio del proto-pérmico y su desarrollo a partir del proto-urálico tradicionalmente ha sido considerado un problema difícil, para el que existen varias propuestas diferentes. Existe acuerdo general en la existencia de dos series de vocales cerradas, una de las cuales da lugar a los modernos fonemas  en udmurto y komi estándar. La otra serie habría dado lugar en udmurto a   y en komi-ziriano a  (que  komi-yozio se corresponden con las vocales largas ). No existe acuerdo general sobre qué diferenciaría a las dos series de vocales cerradas, para algunos autores sería la cantidad vocálica (), para otros la laxitud () y para otros la abertura ().

Morfofonología
Las raíces nominales en lenguas pérmicas tienden a ser monosílabas e invariables con la forma canónica (C)VC. Las raíces de tipo CV, como en udmurto ву /vu/ o en komi ва /va/ "water", y las raíces de tipo (C)VCC, como en udmurto урт /urt/ o en komi орт /ort/ "soul", también son posibles. En udmurto, existe un número mayor de raíces bisílabas, la mayoría de la forma (C)VCɨ.

En las raíces nominales con grupos consonánticos finales, la segunda consonante se manifiesta solo cuando va seguida de una vocal en formas flexivas o derivativas:
{| class="wikitable IPA" border="1"
|-
! Grupo !! Se acorta a !! Ejemplo
|-
| -nm- || -n || сьин /sʲin/ "ojo"
|-
| -pt- || -p ||
|-
| -kt- || -k || кык /kɨk/ "2"
|-
| -sk- || -s || мус /mus/ "hígado"
|-
| -ʃk- || -ʃ || мыш /mɨʃ/ "espalda"
|}

El udumurto presenta una alternancia similar para un número de grupos de la forma consonante sonora+/m/, mientras que en komi-ziriano aparecen grupos de la forma consonante sonora+/j/.

La raíz verbal para "venir": udmurto лыкты- /lɨktɨ-/, komi локты- /loktɨ-/ también muestra la alternancia entre una /k/ simple por ejemplo en el imperativo (en udmurto esto solo se da en algunos dialectos).

Comparación léxica
Los numerales en diferentes lenguas pérmicas son:
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;
|-
! GLOSA
! Komi-permi !! Komi-ziriano !! Udmurto !! PROTO-PÉRMICO
|-
| '1' || ɤtik || etʲk~ɵtʲi || odig || *ɵtik < *ɵk-ti
|-
| '2' || kɯk || kɨk || kɨk || *kɨk
|-
| '3' || kuim || kujim || kuinʲ || *kujim
|-
| '4' || nʲolʲ || nʲolʲi || nʲɨlʲ || *nʲɨlʲ-
|-
| '5' || vit || vit || vitʲ || *vit-
|-
| '6' || kvatʲ || kvajt || kuɑtʲ || *kwatʲ
|-
| '7' || sʲizʲim || sʲizʲim || sʲizʲɨm || *sʲizʲɨm
|-
| '8' || kɯkjamɯs || kɵkjamɨs || tʲɑmɨs || *kɨk-jamɨs
|-
| '9' || ɤkmɯs || ɵkmɨs || ukmɨs || *ɵk-mɨs
|-
| '10' || das || das || dɑs || (*das)
|}
El morfema das es un préstamo del protoindoeuropeo *deḱm 'diez'.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 S. K. Belykh. Swadesh list for Permic languages

Lenguas de Rusia

Lenguas pérmicas


Pojava sumporovodika je česta pogreška koja se proizvođačima vina događa u procesu vinifikacije. Najčešće se to zbiva u proizvodnji bijelih vina. Razlog pojave sumporovodika je nekorištenje selekcioniranih kvasaca, nedodavanje hrane za kvasac i neprozračivanje mošta tijekom vrenja. Mala je mogućnost pojave sumporovodika ispune li se ta tri uvjeta.

Izvori

Enologija

Pojava sumporovodika (vinarstvo)


Volkswagen Touareg (pronunție germană: ) este un SUV midsize de lux produs de constructorul auto Volkswagen din 2002 la Fabrica Volkswagen Bratislava. Autovehiculul a fost numit după locuitorii tuaregi nomazi, locuitori ai interiorului deșertului Sahara din Africa de Nord.

Legături externe

Volkswagen Touareg US site

Touareg

Volkswagen Touareg


Asta Nielsen kan henvise til:

 Asta Nielsen (1881-1972) – dansk skuespillerinde
 Asta Nielsen (dokumentarfilm fra 1967) – dansk portrætfilm fra 1967 instrueret af Henrik Stangerup og efter manuskript af Asta Nielsen
 Asta Nielsen (dokumentarfilm fra 1968) – dansk portrætfilm fra 1968 instrueret af Asta Nielsen efter eget manuskript

Asta Nielsen (flertydig)


Odum est une ville américaine située dans le Comté de Wayne, en Géorgie. Selon le recensement de 2020, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Town en Géorgie (États-Unis)
Comté de Wayne (Géorgie)

Odum (Géorgie)


A colonização austríaca das Ilhas Nicobar (    , renomeado para Ilhas Theresia [ Theresia-Inseln ]) envolveu uma série de três tentativas separadas da Monarquia dos Habsburgos, e mais tarde do Império Austríaco, de colonizar e colonizar as Ilhas Nicobar. Apenas o primeiro deles, lançado em 1778, teve sucesso. A segunda tentativa foi cancelada, e a terceira, em 1886, foi abandonada devido à colonização anterior pelos britânicos em 1868. As ilhas Nicobar já haviam sido colonizadas pelos dinamarqueses em 1756 ; os dinamarqueses abandonaram as ilhas após vários surtos de malária, mas continuaram a reivindicar formalmente as ilhas até 1848.

Colonização anterior pelos dinamarqueses
As ilhas Nicobar foram oficialmente colonizadas pelos dinamarqueses em 1º de janeiro de 1756. A Dinamarca possuía um importante porto na Índia, Tranquebar, e decidiu colonizar as ilhas, alegando falta de resistência nativa, facilidade de acesso e proximidade com Tranquebar. Em dezembro de 1756, os dinamarqueses deram às ilhas o nome de ilhas Frederick's  (em ), após o então rei da Dinamarca, Frederico V.

Poucos meses depois da colonização, a ilha de Nancowry foi colonizada e a colônia contraiu malária pela primeira vez. A doença tropical transmitida por mosquitos se espalhou de ilha para ilha até que finalmente atingiu os colonos dinamarqueses com tanta força que os colonos restantes, incluindo o chefe da colônia, navegaram de volta para Tranquebar em março de 1760. Outra expedição foi feita em 1768, mas em menos de 9 anos aquela colônia também havia desaparecido.

Antecedentes da colonização austríaca
As origens da colonização austríaca das ilhas Nicobar remontam aos apelos feitos por William Bolts tanto à imperatriz Maria Theresa quanto ao imperador José II. Bolts havia atuado anteriormente na Companhia Britânica das Índias Orientais, mas foi condenado por comércio de ópio e demitido. Em 1774, ele viajou para Viena para convencer os austríacos sem experiência colonial da viabilidade do comércio entre Trieste e o Extremo Oriente. Bolts foi bem recebido pela corte austríaca e recebeu um alvará de dez anos, permitindo-lhe comercializar através dos portos austríacos do Adriático para a Pérsia, Índia, China e África.

Bolts, que então estava na corte do Nawab de Mysore, ordenou que Joseph und Theresia navegasse para os Nicobares. Em junho de 1778, o navio atracou na ilha de Nancowry e, em 12 de julho, os nativos nicobarenses assinaram um documento que cedeu todas as vinte e quatro ilhas à Áustria. A bandeira austríaca foi então hasteada em uma colina próxima, e 6 homens, com escravos, gado e armas, foram deixados para trás para iniciar a nova colônia austríaca.

Em 1781, os colonos reclamaram da falta de água potável e comida, mas Viena não deu atenção e deixou seu posto avançado entregue ao seu destino. Os colonos conseguiram sucesso até Gottfried Stahl, seu líder, morrer em 1783; os colonos restantes decidiram abandonar as ilhas em 1785. Além da morte de Stahl, os dinamarqueses decidiram enviar um navio de guerra de Tranquebar na tentativa de remover à força os austríacos de Nancowry.

Expedição Novara de 1858

Motivado pelo desejo de explorar, o arquiduque Ferdinand Maximilian da Áustria em 1857 enviou a fragata SMS Novara em uma viagem de circunavegação científica ao redor do globo. A bordo estava uma equipe de pesquisadores da Academia Austríaca de Ciências, que também recebeu a tarefa adicional de procurar possíveis locais para uma colônia penal.

Em fevereiro de 1858, Novara chegou à ilha de Car Nicobar, a ilha mais ao norte da cadeia. A equipe austríaca navegou ao redor das ilhas de Nancowry e Kamorta, mas não tentou ocupá-las. O líder do grupo, o etnólogo Karl von Scherzer, incentivou a equipe a explorar a ilha em busca de artefatos. Os pesquisadores adquiriram mais de 400 artefatos nativos de Nancowry e Kamorta, após os quais Von Scherzer começou a promover a ideia de recolonização; o governo austríaco decidiu contra isso.

Se a ideia de von Scherzer tivesse sido aceita pelo governo austríaco, a colonização provavelmente não teria sido contestada. Os dinamarqueses removeram todos os assentamentos das ilhas Nicobar e renunciaram à soberania sobre eles em 1848, e a colonização britânica estava 10 anos no futuro.

Expedição Aurora
Em 1886, a corveta austríaca SMS Aurora ancorou no porto de Nancowry antes de continuar sua viagem ao Extremo Oriente. Os austríacos perceberam então que os britânicos já haviam colonizado as ilhas. Em 1868, os britânicos compraram oficialmente os direitos de todas as vinte e quatro ilhas Nicobar do governo dinamarquês. Não havia mais planos para a recolonização austríaca.

Ver também

 Índia dinamarquesa
 Empresa Dinamarquesa das Índias Orientais
 História Colonial Austríaca
 Monarquia dos Habsburgos

Colonização europeia na Ásia
Estados e territórios fundados em 1778
Século XVII na Áustria

Colonização austríaca das ilhas Nicobar


El 32.º Regimiento de Instrucción Aérea (32. Flieger-Ausbildungs-Regiment) fue una unidad militar de la Luftwaffe de la Alemania nazi.

Historia
Formado el 1 de abril de 1939 en Uetersen desde el 32.º Batallón de Reemplazo Aéreo con:

Stab.
I Batallón de Instrucción desde el 32.º Batallón de Reemplazo Aéreo.
Escuela Elemental de Vuelo (Escuela/32.º Regimiento de Instrucción Aérea) desde la Escuela Mixta Experimental Superior Oldenburg.

El II Batallón de Instrucción fue formada en 1940, mientras la Escuela/32.º Regimiento de Instrucción Aérea deja el regimiento el 1 de octubre de 1941 y se convirtió en 32.º Escuela Mixta Experimental Superior. Trasladado a Pardubitz en noviembre de 1939, Rochefort en octubre de 1941, Angers en 1944 y en Nancy en agosto de 1944. El 16 de agosto de 1942 es redesignado como el 32.º Regimiento Aéreo.

Comandantes
Coronel Herbert Sonnenburg - (1 de abril de 1939 - 1 de abril de 1940)
Mayor general Gotthardt Kapuste - (1 de abril de 1940 - 31 de octubre de 1944)

Orden de Batalla
1939 – 1940: Stab, I. (1-5), 6., 7., Escuela.
1941 – 1942: Stab, I. (1-5), 7., II. (8-12).

Véase también

Referencias

WW2 - 32. Flieger-Ausbildungs-Regiment

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)
Unidades militares alemanas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Regimientos de Instrucción Aérea

32.º Regimiento de Instrucción Aérea


Die Nooteboom Trailers B.V. ist ein niederländischer Hersteller von LKW-Aufliegern.

Unternehmensstruktur
Die Nooteboom-Gruppe besteht aus drei Tochtergesellschaften: Nooteboom Trailers B.V., Nooteboom Global Trailer Center B.V. und Nooteboom Trailer Service B.V.

Geschichte
2006 wurden die Unternehmen Kennis und Floor übernommen. 2007 fertigte Nooteboom 2500 Einheiten, die sich in fünf Produktgruppen aufteilten. Die Kennis Trailers B.V. stellte Steinauflieger für Bauwirtschaft her und vertrieb sie und die Floor Trailers B.V. war für Nischenmärkte im Bereich traditioneller Auflieger und Anhänger zuständig.
Die 2006 durch die Unternehmenskäufe übernommenen Marken Floor und Kennis wurde 2010 an den in Ommen ansässigen Wettbewerber Pacton verkauft.

Einzelnachweise

Nutzfahrzeughersteller
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Niederlande)
Unternehmen (Gelderland)
Wijchen

Nooteboom (Unternehmen)


Mai Kyokawa (født 28. december 1993) er en japansk fodboldspiller. Hun har tidligere spillet for Japans kvindefodboldlandshold.

Japans fodboldlandshold

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra Japan

Mai Kyokawa


මොසැම්බික් හී විනාශ වී ගිය  ' ද ග්රෑන්ඩ් හෝටලය '

 සංචාරක කර්මාන්තයේ හිනි පෙත්තේ සිටි අප්රිකානු රාජ්‍යයක් වූ මොසැම්බික් හී 1955 වසරේදී ඉදිවූ මෙම හෝටලය එකල අප්රිකාවේ පිහිටි සුඛෝපභෝගි හෝටල් අතුරින් එකක් බවට පත්විය. කාමර 122කින් සමන්විත වූ එහි සිනමා හලක් මත්පැන් හලක් ආපනශාලා අලවිසැල් මෙන්ම විශාල ප්‍මානයේ නාන තටාකයක් ද විය. එහෙත් 1970 වසරේ මොසැම්බික් හී ඇතිවූ සිවිල් යුධ ගැටුම් හේතුවෙන් මෙම හෝටලයේ කටයුතු ඇණ සිටියේය. ඉන්පසු මෙම හෝටලය යුධ හමුදා කඳවුරක් හා දේශපාලන සිරකරුවන් රදවන කඳවුරක්  බවට පත්විය. අවසානයේ එහි සම්පත් කොල්ලකෑමත් යුද්ධය අවසානයේ තවත් පිරිසක් එහි නවාතැන් ගැනීම නිසා අද (2016) වනතුරුම මෙය නැවත ගොඩනැගීමට නොහැකිව තිබේ. අදත් මෙහි 500 ආසන්න පිරිසක් පරම්පරා 3ක් පුරා ජීවත් වේ.


Der Highway 91A in British Columbia, Kanada, ist lediglich 7 km lang. Er führt als Zubringer aus New Westminster zum Highway 91 nach Richmond. Bis zum Bau des westlichen Teils von Highway 91 führte dieser über die Route von Highway 91 nach New Westminster. Die Route quert den nördlichen Arm des Fraser Rivers über die Queensborough Bridge.

Einzelnachweise

91
Verkehr (Metro Vancouver)
British Columbia Highway 091a

British Columbia Highway 91A


Masahiro Ishikawa (født 23. maj 1990) er en japansk tidligere professionel fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Tokushima Vortis og Grulla Morioka.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Masahiro Ishikawa


Gheorghe Glodeanu (n. 9 decembrie 1957, Carei) este un critic și istoric literar român.

Biografie
S-a născut în familia mecanicului de locomotivă Gheorghe Glodeanu și al soției sale, funcționara Olga-Florica (n. Filip). A urmat școala generală (1964-1972) și liceul (1972-1976), apoi Facultatea de Filologie a Universității Babeș-Bolyai din Cluj-Napoca, secția română-franceză (1977-1981). În anul 1996 a obținut titlul de doctor în filologie al Universității din Cluj cu teza Poetica romanului românesc interbelic. O posibilă tipologie a romanului, elaborată sub coordonarea științifică a prof. Ion Vlad. După absolvirea facultății a lucrat ca profesor de limba și literatura română la Liceul industrial nr. 5 din Satu Mare (1981-1990) și inspector de limba și literatura română la Inspectoratul Școlar al jud. Satu Mare (1991-1992), după care a devenit cadru didactic la Facultatea de Litere a Universității de Nord din Baia Mare. A fost mai întâi lector (1992-1997), apoi conferențiar (1997-2001) și în cele din urmă profesor universitar (din 2001), devenind ulterior șeful Catedrei de limba și literatura română (1999-2003) și decan al facultății (2012-2016).

A debutat în 1981 în revista Tribuna cu eseul "Metamorfozele timpului" și a colaborat la revistele literare Steaua, Familia, România literară, Contemporanul, Luceafărul, Viața Românească, Poesis etc. A fost unul dintre fondatorii revistelor Poesis (1990), Pleiade (Satu Mare) și Archeus (Baia Mare). A fondat în 2003 revista Nord literar din Baia Mare, devenind directorul ei. A debutat editorial cu vol. de eseuri Fantasticul în proza lui Mircea Eliade (1993), publicând apoi mai multe volume de critică literară dedicate operei lui Mircea Eliade, Mihai Eminescu, Liviu Rebreanu, Mateiu I. Caragiale, Max Blecher și Anton Holban. A colaborat, de asemenea, la volumele colective "La țigănci" de Mircea Eliade în cinci interpretări (2001), Portret de grup cu Laurențiu Ulici (2002) și N. Steinhardt. Prin alții în postumitate (2002). A îngrijit ediții din Urmuz, Liviu Rebreanu etc.

Premii
Gheorghe Glodeanu a fost distins cu Premiul pentru critică acordat de revista Tribuna (1986), premiul pentru debut - critică la Salonul Național de Carte și Publicistică (Cluj, 1994), Premiul pentru eseu critică la Târgul de toamnă al editurilor băimărene (1997), premiul "Cartea anului" la secțiunea critică literară - eseu, Baia Mare (1998), premiul "Frontiera Poesis" pentru critică literară (Satu Mare, 1999), premiul pentru critică literară - eseu la manifestarea "Cărțile anului" (Baia Mare, 1999), Premiul pentru critică și istorie literară al Filialei din Cluj a Uniunii Scriitorilor (2002) pentru vol. Liviu Rebreanu. Ipostaze ale discursului epic, Premiul "Autorul anului" 2005 (Galele APLER, Câmpina, 2-4 noiembrie 2006) pentru vol. Măștile lui Proteu. Ipostaze și configurații ale romanului românesc,  Premiul "Liviu Petrescu" al filialei din Cluj a Uniunii Scriitorilor din România (2006) pentru vol. Max Blecher și noua estetică a romanului românesc interbelic, Premiul Mircea Zaciu al Filialei din Cluj a Uniunii Scriitorilor (2012) pentru vol. Narcis și oglinda fermecată: Metamorfozele jurnalului intim în literatura română, Premiul Adrian Marino pentru Cartea anului în categoria critică și istorie literară al Filialei din Cluj a Uniunii Scriitorilor (2015) pentru vol. Orientări în proza fantastică românească.

Opera
 Fantasticul în opera lui Mircea Eliade, Editura Gutinul, Baia Mare, 1993, cuvânt înainte de Mircea Handoca;
 Eseuri, Editura Umbria, Baia Mare, 1996;
 Mircea Eliade. Poetica fantasticului și morfologia romanului existențial, Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, București, 1997, col. "Akademos";
 Poetica romanului românesc interbelic. O posibila tipologie a romanului, Editura Libra, București, 1998, prezentare de Ion Vlad;
 Dimensiuni ale romanului contemporan, Editura Gutinul, Baia Mare, 1998;
 Incursiuni în literatura diasporei și a disidenței, Editura Libra, București, 1999;
 Avatarurile prozei lui Eminescu, Editura Libra, București, 2000;
 Coordonate ale imaginarului în opera lui Mircea Eliade, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 2001, col. "Discobolul" (ed. a II-a, 2006);
 Liviu Rebreanu. Ipostaze ale discursului epic, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 2001, col. "Discobolul";
 "Noaptea de Sânziene" de Mircea Eliade, antologie comentată, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 2002, col. "Dacia educațional";
 Poetica misterului în opera lui Mateiu I. Caragiale, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 2003, col. "Discobolul";
 Poezie și poetică, Editura Fundației Culturale Libra, București, 2004;
 Măștile lui Proteu. Ipostaze și configurații ale romanului românesc, Editura Fundației Culturale Libra, București, 2005;
 Max Blecher și noua estetică a romanului românesc interbelic, Editura Limes, Cluj-Napoca, 2005;
 Fascinația ficțiunii. Incursiuni în literatura interbelică și contemporană, Fundația Culturală Libra, București, 2006;
 Anton Holban sau "transcrierea" biografiei în operă, Editura Limes, Cluj-Napoca, 2006;
 Romanul. Aventura spirituală a unei forme literare proteice, Editura Fundației Culturale Libra, București, 2007;
 Narcis și oglinda fermecată: Metamorfozele jurnalului intim în literatura română, Editura TipoMoldova, Iași, 2012;
 Orientări în proza fantastică românească, Editura TipoMoldova, Iași, 2014;
 Patru prozatori de avangardă. Cuatro escritores de vanguardia, Editura PIM, Colecția "Bibliotheca Universalis", Iași, 2016;
 Patru prozatori de avangardă. Four Avant-Garde Writers, traducere în limba engleză de Monica Manolachi, Editura PIM, Iași, 2017, Colecția "Biblioteca Universalis", "Aula Magna";
 Scriitori, cărți, muze. Ipostaze ale discursului amoros în literatura română, Editura TipoMoldova, Iași, 2017.

Note

Bibliografie
 Aurel Sasu, Dicționar biografic al literaturii române A-L, vol. I, Ed. Paralela 45, București, 2004, pp. 664-665.

Nașteri în 1957
Critici literari români
Istorici literari români

Gheorghe Glodeanu