Erasmus Hall High School was a four-year public high school located at 899–925 Flatbush Avenue between Church and Snyder Avenues in the Flatbush neighborhood of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It was founded in 1786 as Erasmus Hall Academy, a private institution of higher learning named for the scholar Desiderius Erasmus, known as Erasmus of Rotterdam, a Dutch Renaissance humanist and Catholic Christian theologian. The school was the first secondary school chartered by the New York State Regents. The clapboard-sided, Georgian-Federal-style building, constructed on land donated by the Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church, was turned over to the public school system in 1896.

Around the start of the 20th century, Brooklyn experienced a rapidly growing population, and the original small school was enlarged with the addition of several wings and the purchase of several nearby buildings. In 1904, the Board of Education began a new building campaign to meet the needs of the burgeoning student population. The Superintendent of School Buildings, architect C. B. J. Snyder, designed a series of buildings to be constructed as needed, around an open quadrangle, while continuing to use the old building in the center of the courtyard. The original Academy building, which still stands in the courtyard of the current school, served the students of Erasmus Hall in three different centuries. Now a designated New York City Landmark and listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the building is a museum exhibiting the school's history.

Due to poor academic scores, the city closed Erasmus Hall High School in 1994, turning the building into Erasmus Hall Educational Campus and using it as the location for five separate small schools.

History

Erasmus Hall Academy
Erasmus Hall Academy was founded as a private school by Reverend John H. Livingston and Senator John Vanderbilt in 1786 and became the first secondary school chartered by the New York State Board of Regents. Land was donated by the Flatbush Dutch Reformed Church for the building and contributions were collected for "an institution of higher learning," from leading citizens such as Aaron Burr, Alexander Hamilton, Peter Lefferts and Robert Livingston.

The wood-framed, clapboard-sided, Georgian and Federal style school building, two and one-half stories tall with hipped roof, was opened in 1787 with 26 students. Through the years, various wings were added to the academy building and later removed.

Erasmus Hall Academy began accepting female students in 1801, and in 1803 it incorporated the village school of Flatbush. The village evolved into a city, and started a public school system that competed with Erasmus for its student body. As a result, there was a steady decline in its enrollment until in 1896 enrollment was reduced to 150 boys and girls, up from the 105 boys who were registered in the school in 1795. The board of trustees decided to donate the academy to the public school system with the following resolution by the board of trustees:

That the Board of Trustees offer the grounds of the Academy to the Board of Education of the City of Brooklyn upon the following conditions, viz: In consideration of the gift of the land the Board of Education are to erect and maintain upon said land a High School Building of the same character and grade as other High School Buildings in the City of Brooklyn.

Erasmus Hall High School

Following the agreement with the Erasmus Hall Board of Trustees, the Board of Education of the City of Brooklyn requested proposals for a design for a new school building. Twenty architects responded with plans, several of which were published in contemporary architectural periodicals.

It soon became clear that none of these plans could be erected for less than a million dollars, and since that was considered too expensive, the project was dropped. The Brooklyn Board of Education did however, approve "temporary additions" to the school to accommodate the growing population and purchased additional property to allow more room to build a new school.

With the consolidation of the City of New York in 1898, the highly varied needs of schools in all the boroughs came under the purview of the New York City school board. This board had to cope with a sizable number of independently administered school districts, each with its own curricula, grade divisions, educational policies, and standards, and weld them all into a single, uniform educational system. At the same time, New York City was experiencing a huge influx of immigrants (increasing the school registers between 1900 and 1904 by 132,000 pupils), and the schools were expected to help Americanize these new students. New high schools were needed in all the boroughs and the Board of Education authorized large new buildings for Morris High School in the Bronx,  DeWitt Clinton High School in The Bronx,  Curtis High School in Staten Island,  Flushing High School in Queens, and Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn.

In the interim, however, before a new building for Erasmus Hall could be constructed, the Board of Education purchased more land along Bedford Avenue near the existing building, and established classrooms in the expansion buildings that were already on the lot. They also used classrooms in other schools, such as P.S. 977, and held half-day classes.

The modern high school was designed in the Collegiate Gothic style that Snyder used on many of his buildings.

On August 17, 1904, the New York City School Board's Committee on Buildings presented its plans for a new campus for Erasmus Hall High School. It was designed to be constructed around the existing, centrally-located buildings, so that classes could continue to be held there until the new buildings were ready. The plan called for a full quadrangle of buildings along the perimeter of the large lot. It was constructed during four periods: 1905-1906, 1909-1911, 1924-1925, and 1939-1940, with the two later buildings supervised by William H. Gompert and Eric Kebbon, respectively. Its buff brick facades have limestone and  terra cotta trim and feature central entrance towers with Oriel windows and crenellated parapets, Tudor-arched entrances, label moldings, and large window groupings. The style of Erasmus Hall evolved over the years so that the most recent buildings are simpler, with less ornamentation, but retain the general characteristics of the earlier ones, giving a sense of unity to the entire composition. The first buildings would be constructed along Flatbush Avenue, with others added over time, as the need became clear and funds became available.

Phase One
Snyder explained his plans for the first phase as follows:

... A careful study of the matter convinced me that after all it was a good thing for the future of the school that the present one could not be disturbed, for therein lay the suggestion for a design unique in high schools of the country... A quadrangle enclosed by buildings devoted to various departments of school work.

The buildings, therefore, have been designed as a screen across the end of the quadrangle, shutting out the noise and confusion of Flatbush Avenue traffic, the only entrance being through the large arch under the tower, which is placed on the axis of the longer dimension of the plot.

This, as designed, would be called a chapel were it part of a college, but if we may not aspire to this, yet I have thought that it might be known as 'the Hall.' As such the endeavor has been to design a harmonious, impressive room, in a style permeated with history and romance; a place which, of all others, will stand out clearly in the loving memory of the student in after years for his alma mater. Its walls, columns and arches should bear the trophies won in athletic and scholastic contests, there to be preserved and handed down as part of the glorious history of the school.He regretted that a gymnasium could not be included in the first part of the building, but he had "the expectation that a proper gymnasium building will be erected in the near future as one of the new group...". He also admitted that, at that time,

There have been no designs made for this elevation (Bedford Avenue), but the aim has been to have a central tower on the same axis as that on Flatbush Avenue, through the archway in the base of which will be afforded a view of the 'quad' with its greensward, trees, shrubs and vines. What the ultimate design of the various buildings going to make up the group may be, it is, of course, impossible to say, but in designing and planning that portion which you now see approaching completion, I have always intended that the whole should be a graphic illustration of the various phases of the so-called Gothic movement, from the Round Arch to the Flamboyant and on through its later transitional stage.

The Committee on Buildings described the first section, estimated to cost not more than $300,000, this way:

It consists of an entrance tower which will be the center of what will afterwards be the completed front on Flatbush avenue; to the left of the tower and connected therewith has been placed the building in the rear portion of which will be the auditorium, classrooms, library, etc. The building will be three and four stories in height.

The basement will contain the gymnasium, placed beneath the auditorium, lecture rooms, baths, toilet room, etc., the boiler or power room being placed beneath the driveway of the tower, one of the turrets of which is utilized for a smoke flue.

The first floor will contain the offices of the principal of the school, two classrooms and the auditorium.

The second story will contain a library  square with a gallery facing the second story of the tower, the balance of the floor being apportioned to the gallery of the auditorium, four classrooms, teacher's rooms, toilets, etc.

The third floor will contain four classrooms, demonstration room, balance room, chemical laboratory, and lecture room.

The fourth story, which is over a portion of the building, will contain four classrooms. The completed scheme of which this is only a part contemplates the erection of a building on the northerly side of the tower for additional classrooms and laboratories, etc., as may be needed in the future.

The cornerstone for the new building was laid in January 1905 and work was begun immediately, resulting in seating for an additional 600 students. The construction contract was initially supposed to run until October 1905, but revisions required by the school board for laboratories and classrooms necessitated changes in the electrical and sanitation plans and delayed the work. The building was opened to students in September 1906.

In 1906, the committee purchased a real estate lot that was 57' 10" X 138' 9" X 359' 3" X 7' 3" X 493' 6" "adjoining Erasmus Hall High School... to permit carrying out of the scheme for a building commanding a quadrangle, and will be built upon as soon as the school is in need of additional accommodations.

Phase Two

Although the first section of the new building brought the total students accommodated in 1906 to 1,750, by 1907 Erasmus Hall was again overcrowded, requiring the use of an annex at P.S. 42.

In his annual report, the Superintendent of Schools declared that,

The largest growth in high schools is found in Brooklyn. This growth arises not only from the natural increase in the number of pupils entering from the Brooklyn elementary schools, but also from the number of pupils entering from the Manhattan elementary schools ...The consequence is that the Brooklyn high schools are all crowded to excess.

Concerned citizens of the area wrote to the Board of Education emphasizing:

... the fact that the new building contains only twelve classrooms, accommodating only 420 pupils, whereas there are fifty-two classes, comprising 1,591 pupils, occupying classrooms in the old frame school building and cottages, all of which are utterly unfit for use.

The Superintendent's Annual Report for 1910 reported that 3,114 pupils were enrolled at Erasmus Hall High School and that they were accommodated in four different annex buildings in addition to the main one.

In 1909, the Board of Education approved Snyder's plans for the next section of the school. This group of three buildings, including one to the north of the tower facing Flatbush Avenue, and two extending east along the northern side of the lot, comprised 31 classrooms, laboratories, study hall, music, drawing, physics, lecture and shop rooms. When this Church Avenue addition opened in September 1911, there was room for 1,451 more students in the main school.

Phase Three

The ever-growing school population continued to present challenges to the school board. In his report of May 21, 1924 on construction and maintenance, the Superintendent of Schools discussed "the stupendous building program now being carried on by the Board of Education..." The reason for this situation was given as a backlog of not enough building over several years, as well as an increase in high school population in New York City from 20,948 students in 1904, to 109,370 in 1924. These large numbers were attributed to many factors, including the passage and enforcement of a compulsory education law and the appreciation by more parents of the advantages of higher education to their children. In April 1924, the Board of Education approved the Bedford Avenue addition to Erasmus Hall High School. Snyder had left his position with the Board of Education shortly before construction of this section, but an elevation drawing in the collection of the Art Commission, by C. B. J. Snyder shows the building essentially as built. William Gompert had been appointed in his place and supervised the construction. Although somewhat simpler than his earlier buildings, the Bedford building has a central tower with an arched passageway into the courtyard, on axis with the tower on Flatbush Avenue. The building contained many new classrooms, gymnasia and a large swimming pool along the courtyard and was opened on February 2, 1902.

A statue of Erasmus, cast from the 1622 original in Rotterdam by Hendrick de Keyser and donated by Richard Young, an alumnus of the school, was installed in the school's courtyard. Dedicated in 1931, the base is engraved with the words: Desiderius Erasmus, the maintainer and restorer of the sciences and polite literature, the greatest man of his century, the excellent citizen who, through his immortal writings, acquired an everlasting fame.

Phase Four

Lobbying began in 1929 for the construction of the final section, the building on the south side of the lot connecting the Bedford Avenue building with the auditorium near Flatbush Avenue. Money was not appropriated for this until 1937, and it was finally built in 1939–40. Under the supervision of the school system's then chief architect, Eric Kebbon, the five-story building was an even more simplified version of Snyder's earlier work. It contained many classrooms, art and homemaking rooms, a girls' gym and a large library, and could accommodate 1,566 additional pupils. The new section opened in September 1940. To construct this building, the original frame school house had to be moved and its several wings demolished. Work on the old structure was begun by the Works Progress Administration, but was halted due to the outbreak of World War II. After the war, the relocation and restoration of the old building was completed and it was used for administrative offices.

In 1987, in celebration of the school's bicentennial, limited archaeological excavations were conducted under the auspices of Brooklyn College. The archaeologists discovered that intact deposits from the 18th and 19th centuries associated with the development of the school are still in place.

Closure and current status

In 1994, after years of poor academic scores, the huge Erasmus Hall High School was divided internally into five smaller high schools, each concentrating on a different academic area. The five schools have separate administrations and faculties, and hold classes in different sections of the large building. However, they use the common lunchroom, gymnasium, library and auditorium at separate times during the day. This division created no changes on the exterior of the building.

As of 2010, separate high schools now operate on the Erasmus Hall Educational Campus:
 Academy for College Preparation and Career Exploration: A College Board School (K382)
 Academy of Hospitality and Tourism (K408)
 High School for Service & Learning at Erasmus (K539)
 High School for Youth and Community Development at Erasmus (K537)
 Science, Technology and Research Early College High School/Middle School at Erasmus (K543)

Restorations
In 2011, the columns that supported the building were found to have structural problems, and that year, the building received a restoration. A 2019 report states that "the building still needs more love but in 2017 Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams pledged $650,000 of the capital budget for exterior restoration".

Notable alumni

Erasmus Hall has had a number of famous and accomplished alumni (and some who are mistakenly believed to have attended, such as Barbara Stanwyck). Some of the better known, including (class year, or birth and death dates), are listed below.

Pre-20th century

 John M. Berrien (1793); Attorney General of the United States and Senator.
 George Hall; first mayor of Brooklyn.
 John W. Hunter (1824); New York State Senator, Congressman, and mayor of Brooklyn.
 Morris Smith Miller (1794); Congressman and First Judge of Oneida County.
 George M. Troup (1792); Governor of Georgia.

20th century

 Rebecca Alpert (born 1950), professor of Jewish American religious history who was one of the first congregational women rabbis
 Mary Anderson, silent film actress
 Irving Anker (1911–2000), educator and administrator
 Herbert Aptheker (1915–2003), Marxist historian, Communist and political activist
 Bob Arum, boxing promoter.
 David Attie, photographer, who later shot portraits of fellow Erasmus Hall alumnus Bobby Fischer
 Tony Balsamo (1931), Major League Baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs
 Joseph Barbera (1928); artist; cartoonist; co-founder of Hanna-Barbera.
 Sylvan Barnet (1926–2016), literary critic and Shakespearean scholar
 Jeff Barry (Joel Adelberg) (1955); songwriter/producer; Songwriters Hall of Fame member
 Louis Begley (born 1933), Polish-born American novelist
 Randy E. Bennett, educational researcher
 Barbara Berman (born 1938); represented New Jersey's 6th legislative district for a single term
 Karen Bernod, singer
 Miriam Bienstock (1923–2015), record company executive
 Morton Birnbaum (1926–2005), lawyer and physician
 Julius Blank (1925–2011), semiconductor pioneer
 Florence Bolan, U.S. Secret Service special agent
 Clara Bow, silent film actress
 Oscar Brand (1920–2016), Canadian-born American folk singer-songwriter and author
 Alvin Bronstein (1928–2015), lawyer, founder and Director Emeritus of the National Prison Project of the American Civil Liberties Union Foundation
 Carol Bruce, actress and singer
 Phillip Brutus, Florida politician
 Artie Butler, music arranger and songwriter
 Miriam Goldman Cedarbaum, Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
 Theodore Caplow (1920–2015); sociologist, author, founder of the Department of Sociology at the University of Virginia
 Jeff Chandler (Ira Grossel) (1935); actor
 Andrew Cheshire (1981); artist/musician
 Hy Cohen, Major League Baseball player
 Karl P. Cohen (1913–2012), physical chemist who became a mathematical physicist
 Steven M. Cohen (born 1950), sociologist
 Al Cohn, tenor saxophonist
 Betty Comden (1933); playwright; Broadway musical songwriter with Adolph Green.
 Jane Cowl (1902); actress, playwright (original name Grace Bailey).
 Billy Cunningham (1961); player and coach, Philadelphia '76ers basketball team.
 Jon Cypher (1949); actor (Hill Street Blues)
 George Dargo (1953), professor at New England Law Boston
 Al Davis (); Oakland Raiders owner, Pro Football Hall of Fame member.
 Clive Davis (1949); Grammy Award winning record producer; Chairman & CEO BMG North America; founder of Arista Records
 Neil Diamond, attended Erasmus from 1954 to 56; singer/songwriter.
 Will Downing (1981); singer
 Mort Drucker (born 1929), caricaturist and comics artist
 Norm Drucker, professional basketball official
 Donald Dubin (1933-2022) Founding member Microbiology Dept, Rutgers Medical School; research in antimicrobial resistance, RNA modification, and AIDS transmission.
 Genevieve Earle (1885–1956); first woman elected to the New York City Council, in 1937
 Bobby Fischer (dropped out in 1960); chess champion.
 Jim Florio (1964); former Governor of New Jersey.
 Joseph C. H. Flynn; lawyer, politician, and magistrate
 Robert Peter Gale (1962); physician, biomedical scientist and author
 Dave Getz (1957); drummer Big Brother and the Holding Company
 Theresa Goell, archaeologist
Jeffrey P. Gold, MD, cardiac surgeon and chancellor, University of Nebraska Medical Center
 Jonah Goldman, major league baseball player
 Deborah Grabien (c. 1971); novelist/essayist; musician and songwriter.
 Earl G. Graves (1952); publisher of Black Enterprise magazine
 Clement Greenberg (1909–1994), essayist
 William Lindsay Gresham (1909–1962), novelist and non-fiction author
 Arno Gruen, psychoanalyst, psychologist and writer
 Susan Hayward (Edythe Marrenner), (1935); Oscar-winning actress
 Mel Holder (1978), Grammy-nominated saxophonist/songwriter/author/pastor
 Eleanor Holm (1932); Olympic swimmer
 Mikhail Horowitz (born 1950), poet, parodist, satirist, social commentator, author and editor.
 Moe Howard (Moses Harry Horwitz), (dropped out after two months, 1915) member of the Three Stooges comedy team
 Waite Hoyt, Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher for the New York Yankees and long-time broadcaster for the Cincinnati Reds
 Stanley Edgar Hyman (); literary critic; husband of Shirley Jackson.
 Marty Ingels, comedian; husband of Shirley Jones.
 Ned Irish (1924); organizer of first Madison Square Garden basketball tournament (1934); founder of the New York Knicks; president, Madison Square Garden; member of the Basketball Hall of Fame.
 Brian Jackson; pianist, flautist and songwriter who wrote and performed with Gil Scott Heron and the Midnight Band throughout the 1970s
 Suzanne Kaaren (Sophie Kischnerman) (1912–2004); Actress.
 Roger Kahn (1945); sportswriter, author of several books including The Boys of Summer.
 Tom Kahn (1956); leader of the civil rights, social-democratic, and labor movements.
 Eric Kandel (1944); winner of Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology, 2000.
 Lainie Kazan (Lainie Levine), (1956); actress and singer
 Dorothy Kilgallen (1930); newspaper journalist, television game show panelist and talk radio personality
 Elaine de Kooning (1918–1989), Abstract Expressionist and Figurative Expressionist painter
 Bernie Kopell (1953); actor
 Harold Kushner (1951); rabbi and author.
 Arthur Laurents (1917–2011), playwright, stage director and screenwriter
 Daniel Lang, author and journalist
 Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee (1896-1966); well-known figure in the women's suffrage movement, first Chinese woman in the United States to earn a PhD in Economics, established the First Chinese Baptist Church and the Chinese Community Center
 Samuel LeFrak (1936); real estate developer.
 Larry Levan, DJ
 Ira N. Levine, author and professor of Chemistry at Brooklyn College
 Abraham Lilienfeld, epidemiologist and professor
 Sid Luckman (1935); football champion with the Chicago Bears; NFL quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame.
 Bernard Malamud (1932); author and educator; Pulitzer Prize for The Magic Barrel, 1958 and The Fixer, 1967
 Daniel Mann, attended in 1920s, transferred before graduating; film and television director.
 Kedar Massenburg (1981); former CEO/President of Motown Records
 Barbara McClintock (1919); winner of Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, 1983.
Joseph McGoldrick (1901–1978) - NYC Comptroller and NY State Residential Rent Control Commissioner, lawyer, and professor
 Aline MacMahon, actress
 Don McMahon, Major League Baseball player
 James Meissner (1914); World War I Flying Ace
 Stephanie Mills, (1975); actress/singer.
 Doug Moe, (1956); long time player and coach, ABA and NBA.
 Don Most (1970); actor
 Jay Neugeboren (born 1938), novelist, essayist, and short story writer
 Matthew Nimetz (born 1939), diplomat
 Bob Olin (); boxer and world light heavyweight champion
 William E. Paul (1936–2015), immunologist
 Lee Pockriss (1924–2011), songwriter
 Gilbert Price (1960); singer/actor. Protege of Langston Hughes.
 Marky Ramone (Marc Steven Bell), drummer of seminal New York punk band The Ramones
 Michael Rapaport, TV actor, attended Erasmus in the 1980s
 Eleanor Raskin (née Stein; born 1946), member of the Weatherman, adjunct instructor at Albany Law School
 Lynn Pressman Raymond (–2009), toy and game innovator who was president of the Pressman Toy Corporation
 Jerry Reinsdorf (1953); part-owner of the Chicago Bulls and Chicago White Sox.
 Wayne Rhoden, attended Erasmus in 1981; music producer, singer, songwriter, sound engineer and video editor/director professionally known as the artist Father Goose Music
 Mike Rosen (1960) Denver radio talk show host
 Robert Rosen (1970); author of the best-selling biography Nowhere Man: The Final Days of John Lennon.
 Alvin Roth (1948); college basketball player
 Arlene Rothlein, postmodern dancer/choreographer and actress
 Lewis Rowland, neurologist, president of the American Neurological Association and the American Academy of Neurology
 Sam Rutigliano, former NFL head coach.
 Arthur M. Sackler, MD (1931); pharmaceutical executive and art collector.
 David Salzman (1961); American television producer and businessman.
 Guy Sands-Pingot, (1974); U.S. Army brigadier general
 Harvey Schiller, sports executive.
 Sheldon Segal (), contraceptive developer.
 Alan Shulman (attended between 1928 and 1929); composer and cellist
 Beverly Sills (Belle Miriam Silverman), coloratura opera singer, attended Erasmus in the mid-1940s and transferred before graduating.
 Robert Silverberg (1952); novelist.
 Harold Snyder (1922–2008), businessperson who started Biocraft Laboratories
 Special Ed (Edward Archer), rapper who mentions Erasmus Hall on his album Youngest in Charge.
 Melodee M. Spevack (1970); actress, writer, anime voice performer
 Mickey Spillane (Frank Morrison Spillane) (1936); author of detective and mystery fiction.
 Bern Nadette Stanis (Bernadette Stanislaus) (1972); actress
 Barbra Streisand (Barbara Joan Streisand) (1959); actress, singer, director, producer.
 Simon H. Stertzer, professor emeritus at Stanford University, cardiologist; performed the first coronary angioplasty in the United States
 Charles ("Chuck") Suber (1937); publisher of DownBeat Magazine
 Paul Sylbert (1946), art director and set designer
 Richard Sylbert (1946) Academy Award-winning art director and set designer, twin brother of Paul
 Constance Talmadge Silent Movie Star.
 Norma Talmadge (1911); silent film actress.
 Verree Teasdale (1903–1987) actress of stage and screen.
 Adrianne Tolsch () comedian.
 Cheryl Toussaint (1970); athlete; Olympic gold medalist, 1972.
 D. Train (James Williams) (1980), singer/songwriter
 Kenny Vance, musician, who calls out Erasmus Hall in the first line of "Looking for an Echo"
 Eli Wallach, (1932); actor
 A. J. Weberman, (1959); inventor of the words "garbology" and "Dylanology"
 Sonny Werblin (1910–1991), entertainment industry executive and sports impresario, owner of the New York Jets, chairman of Madison Square Garden
 Mae West (Mary Jane West) (1911); actress, comedian, playwright.
 Anne Elizabeth Wilson writer, poet, editor; pet cemetery owner
 Marian Winters (), actress.
 Paula Wolfert (1955), award-winning cookbook author and Mediterranean cuisines specialist

21st century

 Christian Izien (2018); professional football safety for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 Matthew Jones (2018); college football offensive guard for the Ohio State Buckeyes
 Curtis Samuel (2013); professional football wide receiver for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League

See also

 List of New York City Landmarks
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Kings County, New York

You're missing several people on this list.

1) Donnie Most aka Ralph Mouth from Happy Days.
2) Jack Eagle, famous Vaudevillian and played Father Dominic on the Xerox Commercials.
3) Joel Dinnerstein - Professor of English at Tulane University, but famous for writing books on Jazz, Book on defining Cool and a coffee table book, with Blondie on Jazz.  (Note Joel is listed as class of 1974 but that is an error and should be listed as class of 1975.

Donnie Most "is" listed as Don Most 1970

References
Notes

Sources
 Landmarks Preservation Commission June 6, 2003
 Much of the information about the original school comes from the historical reviews compiled on significant anniversaries of the school for the three issues of The Chronicles of Erasmus Hall High School, 1906, 1906–1937, and 1937–1987 (New York: New York City Board of Education, 1906, 1937, 1987); National Register nomination form for Erasmus Hall Museum, prepared by Betty Ezequelle and Stephen Lash, 1973; and Marian Miller, "Erasmus Hall H.S. Boasts Proud History,'''" Kings Courier'' (5/31/1976),101, and New York City Guide, (New York: Octagon Books, 1970, reprint of 1939 Federal Writers Publication), 493–4.

External links

 Alumni website
 Alumni website (archive)
 Harriet Oxman Papers at the New-York Historical Society.
 Erasmus Hall Records at the New-York Historical Society.

School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City
Federal architecture in New York City
School buildings completed in 1787
Works Progress Administration in New York City
New York City Designated Landmarks in Brooklyn
Defunct high schools in Brooklyn
Flatbush, Brooklyn
1787 establishments in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Brooklyn
Public high schools in Brooklyn

Erasmus Hall High School


عين الكبيرة إحدى بلديات ولاية سطيف الجزائرية، يبعد مقر البلدية عن عاصمة الولاية سطيف، بنحو 27.7 كلم، وهي مقر دائرة بنفس الاسم. تحدها من الشمـال سرج الغول وبابور، من الشرق بلدية الدهامشة من الغرب بلدية عموشة من الجنوب اولاد عدوان وبني فـــودة تبلغ مساحتها 73 كلم مربع عدد سكانها 32 ألف نسمة تقريباً
(إحصاء سنة 2008). وهي مدينة تقع في منحدر جبلي

الشخصيات المرتبطة

بلعيد عبد السلام: رئيس الحكومة السابق، ووزير الاستشمار في فترة رئاسة بومدين من مواليد عين الكبيرة.

رؤساء البلدية
حسب قانون الانتخابات الجزائري يتم إجراء انتخابات شعبية كل 5 سنوات لانتخاب رئيس للبلدية

 2002 - 2007: رابح لقديم
 2007 - 2012 : عبد الوهاب بلغربي
 2012 - 2017 : رابح لقديم
 2017 - : عبد الوهاب بلغربي

روابط خارجية
 موقع المدينة

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في ولاية سطيف
بلديات ولاية سطيف
مستعمرات رومانية

عين الكبيرة (ولاية سطيف)


FK Slávia Kovačica (Slávia, Slavia, Slavija, srpski ФК Славија Ковачица) je nogometni klub iz Kovačice, općina Kovačica, Južnobanatski okrug, Vojvodina, Republika Srbija.
U sezoni 2017./18. klub se natječe u Drugoj južnobanatskoj ligi "Zapad" – skupina "Sjever", ligi šestog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Srbije.

O klubu
Klub je osnovan 1933. godine. Boje kluba su plava i bijela.

Uspjesi

Srbija
 PFL Pančevo
 prvak: 2014./15.

 Druga PFL Pančevo – Zapad
 prvak: 2008./09.

Pregled po sezonama

Poznati igrači

Poveznice
 Slovaci u Vojvodini
 srbijasport.net, FK Slavia Kovačica, profil kluba
 srbijasport.net, FK Slavia Kovačica, rezultati po sezonama
 fspp.rs, Fudbalski savez područja Pančevo, FK Slavia Kovačica
 transfermarkt.com, FK Slavija Kovačica, profil kluba
 fsgzrenjanin.com, Stare lige

Izvori

Slavia

FK Slávia Kovačica


Şamlar, Küçükçekmece - İstanbul ili Küçükçekmece ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Şamlar, Safranbolu - Karabük ili Safranbolu ilçesine bağlı köy
 Şamlar, Ovacık - Karabük ili Ovacık ilçesine bağlı köy
 Şamlar, Beyşehir - Konya ili Beyşehir ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Şamlar, Ereğli - Zonguldak ili  Ereğli ilçesine bağlı köy

Şamlar


طائرة رحلة رقم 599 التابعة لشركة (TWA) أو ما كان اسمها بذلك الوقت هو (Transcontinental and Western Air) من نوع فوكر F.10 Trimotor كانت في رحلة من مدينة كانساس ميسوري إلى لوس أنجلوس، سقطت بتاريخ 31 مارس 1931. ويبعد الحادث بعشرة أميال جنوب شلالات كتنوود بكانساس. وقد مات جميع الموجودين بالطائرة والبالغ عددهم 8.

ادعت الشركة بأن الرحلة 599 قد سقطت خلال أو بعد وقت قصير من عاصفة رعدية لاقتها. ولكن تسجيلات الأرصاد الجوية أظهرت بعدم وجود أي نشاط حملي ملحوظ بذلك الوقت. مما يؤكد فرضية أن سبب الحادث هو بنية الطائرة. فطائرات الفوكر مصنوعة من صفائح خشبية، وبتلك الحالة ستتسرب الرطوبة إلى الجزء الداخلي من الجناح مما يضعف الصمغ الذي يجمع أعضاء الهيكل (الدعامات الأساسية) والتي تمنع الجناح من الخلخلة خلال الطيران. إحدى الدعامات اختلت عن مكانها مما جعل الجناح يهتز بشدة خارجا عن السيطرة ويفلت من الطائرة.

بالرغم من الحادث سبب بمقتل شخص مشهور وهو مدرب كرة القدم لفريق جامعة نوتردام الأمريكية كنوت روكني Knute Rockne، إلا انه سبب بتغييرات هائلة بالشركة المالكة (TWA) وبفرع إدارة الطيران التابعة لوزارة التجارة والتي بسببها تم إنشاء وكالة الطيران الفدرالية. وقد جاهدت TWA لإزاحة هذا النوع من الفوكر من الخدمة. فكلفة ذلك مضافة إلى السمعة السيئة التي اكتسبتها الشركة بسبب موت روكني كاد أن يسبب بضياعها.

شدة الاهتمام الشعبي لأسباب الحادث اجبر وزارة التجارة على التخلي عن سياسة سرية حفظ نتائج التحقيقات المتعلقة بحوادث الطائرات. فمطالبات مصادر متعددة كان أيضا حافزا لتشكيل هيئة طيران مدنية مستقلة وقد شكلت عام 1940 بعد حادثة طيران قتل فيها السناتور الأمريكي برانسون كتينج مشددة مع شركات الطيران وتوفير صيانة المساعدات الملاحية وفك العديد من ترابط المصالح.

انظر أيضا

 قائمة حوادث الطائرات المدنية

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 Planecrashinfo.com's information sheet on Flight 599
 Kansas Photo Tour of the accident site, including the Flight 599 Memorial
 Centennial of Flight information on CAA investigation of Flight 599
 Reflections from the Dome, a good article about the crash

كانساس في 1931
أحداث مارس 1931
حوادث طائرات بسبب أخطاء التصميم أو التصنيع
حوادث طائرات بسبب فشل هيكلي أثناء الطيران
حوادث طائرات في كانساس
حوادث طيران في الولايات المتحدة
حوادث طيران في الولايات المتحدة في 1931
كوارث في كانساس
مقاطعة كيس (كانزاس)

تي دابليو إيه رحلة 599


Grof Luj I. od Bloisa (fra. Louis Ier de Blois) (1172. – 14. travnja 1205.) bio je francuski plemić, grof Bloisa u srednjem vijeku. Vladao je od 1191. do svoje smrti.

Njegov otac je bio grof Bloisa Teobald V. Dobri, sin grofa Šampanje Teobalda II. Lujeva majka je bila grofica Alisa, princeza Francuske, preko koje je Luj bio unuk kraljice Eleonore Akvitanske.

Lujeve sestre su bile grofice Margareta i Izabela.

1196. Luj je ukinuo kmetstvo na svojim imanjima.

Brak
Lujeva supruga je bila grofica Katarina od Clermont-en-Beauvaisisa; brakom je Luj postao grof Clermont-en-Beauvaisisa. Ovo su njihova djeca:
Rudolf
Ivana
Teobald VI. od Bloisa

Izvori

Grofovi Bloisa
Grofovi Clermont-en-Beauvaisisa
Križari

Luj I. od Bloisa


Santrinos Raphaël de son vrai nom Atassé El Pidio Hounou, né le  à Lomé, est un chanteur Rnb, auteur-compositeur-interprète togolais.

Biographie

Enfance et études
Atassé El Pidio Hounou naît le 4 mars 1996 à Lomé, la capitale du Togo. Santrinos est l'aîné d'une fratrie de 3 garçons. Son père est d'origine béninoise et  sa mère d'origine togolaise. Il fait ses études primaires à l'école Mawussi située à Bè Kpéhénou à Lomé. Il poursuit ses études secondaires aux collèges et lycées Père Augustin, Monde Universel, Item et St Joseph. Après l'obtention de son baccalauréat , il s'inscrit à l'Ecole Supérieure de commerce ESGIS où il obtient un diplôme de technicien supérieur (DTS) et un Brevet de technicien supérieur (BTS) en commerce international avant de choisir l'option marketing-communication pour sa licence. Son nom d'artiste  Santrinos signifie Sainte trinité et Raphaël est son nom de baptême.

Carrière musicale

Discographie
 2018 : Crois en moi (Album)
 2020 : Monica
 2021 : Coup de cœur (Album)
 2021 : Double seven
 2021 : Maladie d'amour
 2021 : Camarades
 2022 : Ma vie doit changer

Distinctions

Récompenses
 2022 : Meilleur artiste masculin de l'année par All Music Awards à la .
 2022 : « Camarades » Tube de l'année aux Heroes
 2021 :  Tube de l'année « Maladie d'amour » par All Music Awards à la 17 édition
 2021 : Meilleur artiste masculin de l'année par All Music Awards à la 17 édition
 2021 : Album de l'année « Coup de coeur » par All Music Awards à la 17 édition
 2021 : Tube de l'année aux Heroes « Maladie d'amour »
 2021 :  Tube de l'année aux Heroes « Agbeto Ft. Mic Flammez »

Notes et références

Liens externes

Chanteur togolais du XXIe siècle
Musicien togolais
Chanteur des années 2010
Chanteur des années 2020
Nom de scène
Naissance en mars 1996
Naissance à Lomé

Santrinos Raphaël


De Brouckère este o stație comună a metroului și premetroului din Bruxelles situată în centru orașului Bruxelles, comună din Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles a Belgiei.

Istoric
Stația De Brouckère a fost deschisă pe 17 decembrie 1969 ca punct terminus vestic al primei linii de premetrou, care lega centrul orașului de Gara Schuman din cartierul european. Denumirea prevăzută inițial pentru stație, Munt / Monnaie, a fost schimbată înainte de inaugurare în De Brouckère, în onoarea fostului om politic, ministru belgian și primar al orașului Bruxelles Charles de Brouckère.

După prelungirea tunelului premetroului, pe 20 septembrie 1976 a fost inaugurată prima linie de metrou veritabil, linia , care continua de la De Brouckère până la Tomberg și Beaulieu în estul orașului. În același an a fost deschisă și linia de premetrou dintre Lemonnier și Gara de Nord, linie care traversa și stația De Brouckère. Din acel moment, De Brouckère a devenit un punct de transfer intermodal între metrou, premetrou și mijloacele de transport public de la suprafață.

Caracteristici
Stația este situată sub Piața De Brouckère, în apropierea Teatrului Regal La Monnaie / De Munt, a Bulevardului Anspach și a străzii Rue Neuve / Nieuwstraat. Stația De Brouckère este deservită de liniile de metrou  și , precum și de liniile axei nord-sud a premetroului bruxellez, iar între peroanele acestor două mijloace de transport există un tunel pietonal care le conectează. Peroanele liniilor de metrou sunt situate sub capătul sudic al pieței De Brouckère, sub strada Rue de l'Evêque / Bisschopsstraat, în timp ce stația de premetrou este situată direct sub centrul pieței. Pentru a facilita circulația călătorilor între metrou și premetrou a fost instalat un trotuar rulant care face legătura între cele două părți ale stației. Stația de metrou este de asemenea conectată cu un centru comercial subteran de sub piața Place de la Monnaie / Muntplein.

La suprafață, De Brouckère este un nod de transport public pentru diferite autobuze, majoritatea având stația drept capăt sau început de traseu. Pe lângă autobuzele companiei bruxelleze MIVB-STIB, la De Brouckère opresc și câteva autobuze ale societății flamande de transport în comun De Lijn.

Pe pereții coridorului în care este amplasat trotuarul rulant, artistul Jan Vanriet a creat o succesiune de desene în care se îmbină mai multe teme. Lucrarea sa, intitulată La ville bouge au creux de ma main (în ), este alcătuită din panouri juxtapuse, montate pe pereți pe toată lungimea de 103 metri a culoarului. Desenele de pe panouri au diverse subiecte: primii pași pe Lună, Piața De  Brouckère, scaunele de la terase, elemente de semnalizare de la metrou, etc. Ideea acestei opere își are originea într-un poem de Benno  Barnard și într-un cântec de Jacques Brel care evocă Bruxelles-ul și Piața De Brouckère.

Legături

Linii de metrou ale STIB
  Gara Bruxelles-Vest - Stockel / Stokkel
  Erasme / Erasmus - Herrmann-Debroux

Linii de tramvai ale STIB în premetrou
  Esplanade - Churchill
  Gare du Nord / Noordstation - Parking Stalle
  Da Vinci - Drogenbos Château / Drogenbos Kasteel (doar seara, după ora 20:00)

Linii de autobuz ale STIB
  De Brouckère - Hof-ten-Berg
  De Brouckère - Vilvoorde
  De Brouckère - Péage
  De Brouckère - Delta
  Gara Centrală - Machtens (doar în direcția Machtens)
  De Brouckère - Heysel / Heizel

Linii de autobuz STIB Noctis
  Gara Centrală – Cimitirul Bruxelles
  Gara Centrală – Crainhem / Kraainem
  Gara Centrală – Muzeul Tramvaiului
  Gara Centrală – Wiener
  Gara Centrală – Herrmann-Debroux
  Gara Centrală – Fort-Jaco
  Gara Centrală – Gara Uccle-Calevoet / Ukkel-Kalevoet
  Gara Centrală – Stalle (P)
  Gara Centrală – Westland Shopping
  Gara Centrală - Gara Berchem
  Gara Centrală - Heysel / Heizel

Linii de autobuz ale De Lijn (doar în direcția Ninove)
 126 Brussel Noord - Ninove (linie expres)
 127 Brussel Noord - Dilbeek - Liedekerke - Ninove
 128 Brussel Noord - Dilbeek - Ninove

Locuri importante în proximitatea stației
 Teatrul Regal La Monnaie / De Munt;
 Rue Neuve / Nieuwstraat cu multitudinea de magazine și centrul comercial City 2;
 Teatrul național al Comunității francofone;
 Cinematograful Arenberg;
 Cinematograful UGC De Brouckère;
 Centrul cultural Les Riches-Claires;
 Bursa din Bruxelles;

Note

Vezi și
Premetroul din Bruxelles

Legături externe
Stația De Brouckère pe pagina oficială a MIVB-STIB

Galerie de imagini

Stații de metrou din Bruxelles
Stații de premetrou din Bruxelles

De Brouckère (stație de metrou din Bruxelles)


Biserica reformată din Șard este un ansamblu de monumente istorice aflat pe teritoriul satului Șard, comuna Ighiu. În Repertoriul Arheologic Național, monumentul apare cu codul 4963.04.

Ansamblul este format din următoarele monumente:
 Biserica reformată, fostă biserică evanghelică ()
 Zid de incintă, cu turn de poartă ()

Localitatea
Șard (în , în ) este un sat în comuna Ighiu din județul Alba, Transilvania, România. Prima mențiune documentară a localității datează din anul 1238. În 1295, localitatea a primit statutul juridic al sașilor din Sibiu, dar în secolul al XVI-lea a ieșit din comunitatea bisericii evanghelice.

Biserica
Biserica este o bazilică gotică ce a suferit transformări în secolul al XVIII-lea. Incinta are o formă ovală și păstrează ruina unui turn de poartă gotic, cu colțuri din piatră fățuită și ghidajele pentru hersă.

Note

Bibliografie
Asociația Mioritics cu suportul financiar al Deutsche Welterbe Stiftung:
După texte elaborate de: Vladimir Agrigoroaei, Valentin Sălăgeanu, Luiza Zamora, Laura Jiga Iliescu, Ana Maria Gruia.
După ilustrații executate de: Radu Oltean, Laurențiu Raicu, Florin Jude.
Gheorghe Anghel, Fortificații medievale din piatră, secolele XII-XVI, Cluj Napoca, 1986.
Juliana Fabritius-Dancu, Cetăți țărănești săsești din Transilvania, în Revista Transilvania, Sibiu, 19.
 Hermann Fabini. Universul cetăților bisericești din Transilvania. Sibiu: Editura Monumenta, 2009, 279 p.
Iambor Petre, Așezări fortificate din Transilvania (sec. IX-XIII), Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
Thomas Nägler, Așezarea sașilor în Transilvania, Editura Kriterion, București, 1992.
Adrian Andrei Rusu, Castelarea carpatica, Editura MEGA, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
George Oprescu, Bisericile, cetăți ale sașilor din Ardeal, Editura Academiei, București, 1956.
Țiplic Ioan-Marian, Organizarea defensivă a Transilvaniei în evul mediu (secolele X-XIV), Editura Militară, București, 2006.

Vezi și
 Șard, Alba

Imagini

Monumente istorice din județul Alba
Biserici reformate din România
Biserici din județul Alba
Biserici din secolul al XV-lea din România

Biserica reformată din Șard


مدرسة الإحياء والبعث اسم يطلق على الحركة الشعرية التي ظهرت في مصر في أوائل العصر الحديث، والتزم فيها الشعراء بنظم الشعر العربي على النهج الذي كان عليه في عصور ازدهاره، منذ العصر الجاهلي حتى العصر العباسي. ويعد رائد هذه المدرسة محمود سامي البارودي ومن أشهر شعراء هذا النهج: أحمد شوقي أمير الشعراء وحافظ إبراهيم شاعر النيل وأحمد محرم وعلي الجارم وغيرهم الكثير. والمقصود بهذا الاسم أنه كما تعود الروح لجسد ميت، فترد له الحياة بعد أن فارقته، فيبعث إلى الدنيا من جديد، كما هو الحال بالنسبة للشعر العربي، الذي استسلم إلى حالة من الجمود، أخذ على إثرها في الضعف والاضمحلال منذ سقوط بغداد سنة 1258 في أيدي التتار الذين قضوا على الخلافة العباسية وخربوا بغداد وهدموا دور العلم، وألقوا بألوف المخطوطات التي تضم الثقافة العربية وتحوي تراثها في النهر.

سمات المدرسة
حافظ شعراء هذه المدرسة على نهج الشعر العربي القديم في بناء القصيدة؛ فتقيدوا بالبحور الشعرية المعروفة، والتزموا القافية الواحدة في كل قصيدة. وتابعوا خطى الشعراء القدماء فيما نظموه من الأغراض الشعرية، فنظموا مثلهم في المديح والرثاء والغزل والوصف. كما جاروا في بعض قصائدهم طريقة الشعر العربي القديم في افتتاح القصيدة بالغزل التقليدي، والبكاء على الأطلال ثم ينتقلون إلى الأغراض التقليدية نفسها من مدح أو رثاء ونحوهما. كما أقدموا على استعمال الألفاظ على منوال القدماء فجاءت بعضها غريبة على عصرهم.

وعلى مستوى الألفاظ نسج شعراء مدرسة الإحياء على منوال القدماء في اختيار ألفاظهم، فجاءت فصيحة جزلة وتمسكوا بإحكام الصياغة، والأساليب البلاغية الشائعة في التراث الشعري القديم واقتبسوا من هذه الأساليب وضمنوها شعرهم، وحافظوا بذلك على الديباجة العربية الأصيلة، ورونق لفظها، وجرسها الموسيقي.

جاروا الشعر القديم – أيضاً – في تعدد الأغراض الشعرية في القصيدة الواحدة، فنجد فيها الغزل والوصف والمديح والحكمة أو نحو ذلك، وينتقلون من غرض إلى آخر كما كان يفعل الشاعر القديم.

وأقدم كثير منهم على مناظرة روائع الشعر العربي القديم، وقلدوها بقصائد مماثلة وزناً وقافية أو موضوعاً وكانت تسمى هذه بالمعارضة على نحو ما فعل شوقي في قصيدة نهج البردة التي عارض بها قصيدة البردة للإمام البوصيري.

وقد عارض كثير منهم روائع الشعر العربي القديم، وقلدوها بقصائد مماثلة وزناً وقافية أو موضوعاً، وأصبحت المعارضات ـ كما يقول أحد الباحثين ـ سمة من سمات العصر، بسبب كثرتها، حتى بدا إنتاج بعض الرواد، وكأنه في مجمله معارضة للشعر العربي القديم. على نحو ما ترى عند البارودي والكاظمي وشوقي وغيرهم، مع اختلاف أغراضهم في المعارضة؛ فقد تكون لترويض القول، واستكمال ثقافتهم الفنية والتمكن من الأداة التعبيرية، أو الاستفادة من معجم الأوائل الشعري، في المحاولات الأولى لنظم الشعر، وقد تكون معارضتهم فناً وإبداعاً لما تضمنته القصيدة التراثية من دلالة تاريخية أو حضارية، كالتي تضمنته بائية أبي تمام في فتح عمورية من ايحاءات تاريخية تعيدنا إلى عصر كانت للعرب فيه اليد العليا عسكرياً وسياسياً وثقافياً، فعارضها شوقي في قصيدته التي مطلعها:

الله أكبر كم في الفتح من عجب

يا خالد الترك جدِّد خالد العرب

بينما أكثر الشعراء من معارضة (البردة) لمناسبتها الروحية، ونجاح الشاعر في إعطاء الرسول عليه السلام صورة البطل المنقذ من ظروفهم القاسية التي يعيشونها، مع ما امتازت به من سهولة في اللفظ، وشمول في الرؤية، ودقة في التصوير. وقد يكون باعثهم على المعارضة هو التحدي والمنافسة الشعرية كما عند البارودي وشوقي

ورغم كل ما قدموه من تقليد وانتهاج لما هو قديم إلا أنهم استحدثوا أغراضاً شعرية جديدة لم تكن معروفة من قبل في الشعر العربي، كالشعر الوطني، والشعر الاجتماعي، والقصص المسرحي، ونظموا الشعر في المناسبات الوطنية والسياسية والاجتماعية. واعتمدوا في نظمهم على الأسلوب الخطابي الذي يلائم المحافل. وكان شعرهم في مجمله هادفاً، جاداً في معناه، تنتشر الحكمة والموعظة بين ثناياه.

شعراء مدرسة الإحياء والبعث
من أشهر شعراء مدرسة الإحياء: محمود سامي البارودي، وأحمد شوقي، وحافظ إبراهيم، وأحمد محرم، ومحمد عبد المطلب. ويتبع لهذه المدرسة كثير من الشعراء الذين اقتفوا أثر البارودي؛ بعودتهم إلى مناهل الشعر العربي والبعد عن تقليد الشعر العابث، فقد عادوا إلى اللغة العربية الصافية، والتعبير المشرق بأسلوب فصيح عما في عصرهم. فقد أخذ الشعر يعبر عن العصر الجديد، وينبع من أحاسيسهم، وبرز شعراء كثر مثل: (الزهاوي، ابن عثيمين، جبران خليل، مطران خليل، حافظ، شوقي، معروف الرصافي...) وهؤلاء استلهموا فكر الأمة وصراعها الفكري والحربي، وظهرت عندهم التجارب الشعرية الذاتية المتلبسة بالمشاعر الداخلية. واستلهموا أحداث العالم الإسلامي، وتحدثوا عن الخلافة. وأغلبهم يؤيدها. ولشوقي ومحمد عبد المطلب وحافظ شعر كثير ينادون بها. وفي المقابل كان من هؤلاء من يهجوها كالزهاوي.

انتقادات
أخذ عليهم اهتمامهم بالصياغة البيانية والإفراط فيها، دون عناية بالمضمون، أو اهتمام بصدق التجربة والتعبير عن تجاربهم النفسية، وذكر بعض النقاد أن شخصية الشاعر وطبعه ولون نظرته إلى الحياة والكون لا تتضح في شعره.

وقد كان رواد مدرسة الديوان أكبر المنتقدين لهذا النهج الشعري. وأفرد عباس العقاد في كتاب الديوان في الأدب والنقد مساحات كبيرة لانتقادات لاذعة لأشعار أحمد شوقي.

انظر أيضا
 محمود سامي البارودي
 أحمد شوقي
 سليمان البستاني
 مصطفى صادق الرافعي
 خليل مطران
 مدرسة الديوان

مراجع

معلومات

مدارس شعرية
مدرسة البعث والإحياء

مدرسة الإحياء والبعث


Kuglački klub gluhih osoba "Marjan" (KKGO "Marjan"; KKGO "Marjan" Split) je kuglački klub iz Splita, Splitsko-dalmatinska županija. Republika Hrvatska.
U sezoni 2019./20. klub se natjecao u "3. hrvatskoj kuglačkoj ligi - Jug", ligi četvrtog stupnja hrvatske kuglačke lige za muškarce.

 O klubu KKGO "Marjan"''' je osnovan 1998. godine kao kuglački klub za gluhe i nagluhe osobe pri "Splitskom Športskom savezu gluhih", te nastupa pretežno u natjecanjima za gluhe i nagluhe osobe.
Od sredine 2010.-ih klub se također ligaški natječe u "3. HKL - Jug" i "2. HKL - Jug"'', u kojoj je klubu iznimno dopušten i nastup igračicama.

Uspjesi

Ekipno

Pojedinačno

Pregled plasmana po sezonama

Poznati igrači

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Hrvatski športski savez gluhih
 Kuglački klub Marjan

Vanjske poveznice

 kuglanje.hr, KKGO Marjan
 sportilus.com, ŠPORTSKI KLUB ZA KUGLANJE MARJAN SPLIT
 sss.hr, Splitska savez športova, "Sportski godišnjaci"

Izvori

 poslovna.hr, Kuglački klub gluhih osoba Marjan
 bisnode.hr, Kuglački klub gluhih osoba "Marjan"
 fininfo.hr, KKGO "MARJAN"
 companywall.hr, Kuglački klub gluhih osoba "Marjan"
 infobiz.fina.hr, KKGO "MARJAN"

Marjan KKGO
Kuglanje u Splitu

Kuglački klub gluhih osoba Marjan Split


Gjon Mili (28 de novembro de 1904 - 14 de fevereiro de 1984) foi um fotógrafo albanês que desenvolveu sua carreira em Estados Unidos.

Sua infância passou-a em Romênia e com 19 anos transladou-se a Estados Unidos onde estudou Engenharia no Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts. Entre 1928 e 1938 esteve a trabalhar na Westinghouse Electric realizando investigações sobre iluminação.

Em 1937 conheceu a Harold Eugene Edgerton e mediante uma formação autodidacta dois anos depois decidiu dedicar-se de modo exclusivo à fotografia. Suas fotografias mais conhecidas são estudos de movimento, em muitos casos relacionadas com o emprego do estroboscopio e a fotografia de alta velocidade. A metade dos anos quarenta converteu-se em ayudante de Edward Weston.

Colaborou com a revista Life. Fez diferentes exposições de sua obra como a realizada no MOMA com o título Dancers in Movements (Bailarinos em movimento) em 1942 ou a realizada em Museu das Artes Decorativas de Paris em 1971 ou nos Encontros de Arlés de 1970.

Em 1949, a Life encarrega-lhe uma reportagem sobre Pablo Picasso. Um breve encontro, previsto em quinze minutos, alonga-se e destas sessão de fotos surgem os fisiogramas chamados "desenhos de luz" de Picasso, desenhando no ar com uma pequena fonte de luz, com a técnica conhecida como Light Painting.  O resultado fotográfico expôs-se a princípios dos anos 1950 no Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova York.

Em 1944 dirigiu a curta-metragem titulada Jammin' the Blues e seis anos depois outra titulada Improvisation que tratam sobre o jazz.

Referências

Ligações externas
 Breve biografia
 Jammin' The Blues

Naturais de Korçë
Fotojornalistas
Fotógrafos do século XX

Gjon Mili


Ulrich von Jungingen (1360 – 15 July 1410) was the 26th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1407 to 1410. His policy of confrontation with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland would spark the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War and lead to disaster for his Order, and his own death, at the Battle of Grunwald.

Life
A scion of the Swabian noble house of Jungingen, he was probably born at Hohenfels Castle near Stockach, as the ancestral seat at Jungingen had been devastated in 1311. Ulrich and his elder brother Konrad von Jungingen, as younger sons excluded from succession, took the vow of the Teutonic Knights and moved to the Order's State in Prussia. Ulrich resided in Schlochau (Człuchów) and was Komtur of Balga (1396–1404). His career profited from the patronage of his elder brother Konrad, who was elected Grand Master in 1393. After the Knights had expelled the Victual Brothers from Gotland in 1398, Ulrich distinguished himself in the negotiations for the possession of the island with Queen Margaret I of Denmark, as well as on diplomatic missions to Poland and to Lithuania in connection with the conclusion of the 1398 Treaty of Salynas concerning the Duchy of Samogitia.

In 1404 Ulrich was appointed the Order's Marshal (i.e. military leader) and Komtur of Königsberg. He had to deal with several Samogitian uprisings, which he fought both with strict suppression and bribery of the local nobles. Upon the sudden death of Grand Master Konrad von Jungingen in 1407, Ulrich on 26 June, was chosen for his succession.

Unlike his brother, Ulrich's diplomatic capability was limited. The situation in Samogitia remained tense, incited by Grand Duke Vytautas the Great, who intended to make use of the turmoils to regain the ceded lands. Furthermore, the new Grand Master had inherited the rising conflict with Vytautas' cousin King Jagiełło of Poland over Dobrzyń Land and the pawned Neumark region. The Polish ambassador Archbishop Mikołaj Kurowski declared, that any attack on Lithuania would inevitably entail an armed conflict with Poland. Despite the threat of a two-front war, Ulrich prepared for a preemptive strike. He forged an alliance with King Sigismund of Hungary, levied mercenaries in the Holy Roman Empire, and on 6 August 1409 declared war against Poland.

Though Ulrich received no help from his ally King Sigismund, who was stuck in the conflict with his cousin Jobst of Moravia over the election as King of the Romans, the Order's forces at first successfully campaigned Dobrzyń and Kuyavia and laid siege to Bydgoszcz. Sigismund's brother King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia arranged a temporary truce and mediated between the belligerents, though without result. On 2 July 1410, the Grand Master at the head of his army left Malbork Castle for the final battle against the united Polish and Lithuanian forces. Both sides met on 15 July between the villages of Grunwald (Grünfelde) and Stębark (Tannenberg). As noontide approached, none of the armies made a move, until Ulrich, according to the annals of Jan Długosz, had two swords delivered to King Jagiełło with the remark that he and Vytautas may live or die by them.

This act, seen as a bold provocation, sparked the Polish-Lithuanian attack, at first repulsed by the Knights but soon followed by a second strike by Jagiełło's forces. Battle luck changed, after Ulrich, sure of victory, decided to personally lead his remaining regiments against the Polish troops. He nearly got hold of the king, but at the same time lost oversight of the Order's military operations. After the allied Prussian forces of the Lizard Union under Nicholas von Renys broke away, the Grand Master had to face the superior numbers of the Polish-Lithuanian union. When the Lithuanians attacked him from the rear, Ulrich's troops were routed and he himself was killed in action. According to Polish chronicler Jan Długosz he was met and defeated by the Polish knight Mszczuj of Skrzynno. King Jagiełło arranged the transportation of his body to Malbork Castle before he began the Siege of Marienburg.

Legacy
Based on Długosz's description, later generations have imputed Ulrich von Jungingen with hot-bloodedness and arrogance. The painting Battle of Grunwald by Jan Matejko supposedly illustrates the moment when Ulrich, dressed in white with a black cross, trying to attack Grand Duke Vytautas, is killed by two Polish infantrymen, equipped with an executioner's axe and a replica of the Holy Lance reminiscent of the Congress of Gniezno. The tradition was resumed by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his 1900 novel The Knights of the Cross, originally modeled on the measures of the Russian occupants in Vistula Land, describing Ulrich as an impulsive and aggressive commander. The book was made into a film by Aleksander Ford in 1960. On the other hand, 19th century German historiography portrayed Ulrich as a man of chivalric virtues, who succumbed to the cunning of his enemies, as rendered by the author Ernst Wichert in his novel Heinrich von Plauen.

Ulrich's successor Heinrich von Plauen had a lady chapel erected on the former battlefield in 1413, which was probably destroyed by Lipka Tatar or Crimean Tatar forces campaigning in the region in 1656. In 1901 a glacial erratic (Jungingenstein), commemorating a "hero's death in the struggle for German spirit and German law", was set up at the behest of the German authorities in East Prussia. The stone is still in its place but has toppled over with the result that the inscription is no longer readable. A more recent second memorial stone nearby marks the place of Jungingen's death ("Miejsce śmierci Wielkiego Mistrza Ulricha von Jungingena"). The surrounding area is today the site of an annual historical reenactment.

Literature
 Maschke, Die Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens
 Maschke, Domus Hospitalis Theutonicorum
 Zimmerling, Der Deutsche Ritterorden
 Sonthofen, Der deutsche Orden
 Markov, Helmert: Schlachten der Weltgeschichte

References
 Friedrich Borchert: "Die Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen." In: Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung, 6 October 2001.

 Jučas, Mečislovas (2009). The Battle of Grünwald. Vilnius: National Museum Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania. ISBN 978-609-95074-5

External links
 Ulrich von Jungingen, Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens (um 1360 - 1410), Christoph Bitter
 Webpage of the town of Jungingen, with drawings of the brothers

1360 births
1410 deaths
People from Zollernalbkreis
Medieval German knights
Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order
German military personnel killed in action
People in the Battle of Grunwald
People from Człuchów
German Roman Catholics

Ulrich von Jungingen


تيسير خالد واسمه الحقيقي محمد سعادة أحمد محمود عوده (مواليد عام 1941 في قريوت، فلسطين)، سياسي فلسطيني، عضو اللجنة التنفيذية لمنظمة التحرير الفلسطينية عن الجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين، التي يشغل منصب عضو المكتب السياسي فيها منذ تأسيسها عام 1969.

حياته المهنية
انضم إلى صفوف الجبهة الديمقراطية منذ تأسيسها عام 1969. حصل على شهادة الماجستير في الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية من جامعة هايدلبرغ في ألمانيا.

انتخب عام 1991 عضواً في اللجنة التنفيذية لمنظمة التحرير الفلسطينية، ترأس المكتب الوطني للدفاع عن الأرض ومقاومة الاستيطان.
أصيب بجروح أثناء قيادته لمسيرة جماهيرية احتجاجاً على الاستيطان في عصيرة القبلية عام 1998، واعتقل من قبل قوات الاحتلال الإسرائيلي في مطلع 2003، وأفرج عنه في حزيران من نفس العام.

في 2005 رشح نفسه في الانتخابات الرئاسية الفلسطينية الثانية منذ عام 1996 كأحد المرشحين عن الاتجاه اليساري في المنظمة. والذي حصل على 3.35% من الأصوات.

مؤلفاته
 الأرض والعمل في تاريخ الحركة العمالية والنقابية الفلسطينية
 التراكم الرأسمالي في ظل خطط التنمية في الأردن
 الانتفاضة الفلسطينية 1987
 تطور القطاع الزراعي في الأردن في ظل خطط التنمية
 وكتابات أخرى صدرت في سلسلة مؤلفات للجبهة الديمقراطية صدرت عن دار التقدم
 سلسلة مقالات يمكن الوصول لها عن طريق المكتب الوطني للدفاع عن الأرض ومقاومة الاستيطان

انظر أيضا
 الجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين
 نايف حواتمة

مراجع

أسرى
أشخاص من قريوت
سياسيو الجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين
سياسيون فلسطينيون
مواليد 1941
أعضاء اللجنة التنفيذية لمنظمة التحرير الفلسطينية
أعضاء المجلس المركزي الفلسطيني

تيسير خالد


ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේගේ ජීවිත කථාව යොදාගෙන බොහොමයක් චිත්‍රපට ගොඩනැගුනි.  ප්‍රථමයෙන්ම එවැනි චිත්‍රපටයක් නිෂ්පාදනය වූයේ ප්‍රංශයේ 1987දීය.  එසේම එම වසරේදීම rloritz හිදී ක්‍රෙම් නගරයේ පසන් නළුව (passion play) අවුරැදු පතා වේදිකා ගත විය.  මෙය චිත්‍රපට ගත කරන ලද්දේ ඇමරිකානුවන් විසින් වන අතර ජර්මන් ජාතිකයන්ට එය ප්‍රදර්ශනය කරන ලදී.  එය ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලද්දේ විශේෂ ස්ථානයන් හිදී වන අතර අඛණ්ඩ චිත්‍රපටයක් ලෙස නොවේ.  නමුත් වෙන්වූ සිද්ධීන් lantern slides, දේශණ සහ ගීතිකා ගායනා සමඟ ප්‍රේෂණය වන කාලය මිනිත්තු 90 දක්වා දීර්ඝ කිරීමට විසුරුවා හරින ලදී.

1987දී Georges Melies විසින් ග්‍රීක තුර්කි යුද්ධය ඇසුරින් සිද්ධි චිත්‍රපට ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණය කරන ලදී.  එසේ නමුත් ඒවා වෙන්ව අලෙවි කරන ලදී.  එසේම ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලින් අඛණ්ඩව ප්‍රදර්ශණය වන බවට සැකයක් නොතිබුණි.  1898දී මේ හා සමාන ච්ත්‍රපට කිහිපයක් නිපදවූ නමුත් ඉන් එකක් වත් අඛණ්ඩව එක් දර්ශණ ඛණ්ඩයක සිට තවත් දර්ශණ ඛණ්ඩයකට ක්‍රියාත්මක වූයේ නැත.  බහු දර්ශණ ඛණ්ඩ ඇතුලත් ච්ත්‍රපට Georges Melies විසින් 1899දී වෙනත් අයෙකුට නිෂ්පාදනය කල චිත්‍රපට වලට නොදෙවෙනි ලෙස චිත්‍රපට නිපදවන ලදී.  නමුත් Affaire dreyfus සහ Cinderella චිත්‍රපට එක් දර්ශණ ඛණ්ඩයක සිට තවත් දර්ශණ ඛණ්ඩයකට රඟදැක්වීමක් නොමැති ලෙස සමන්විත වේ.  එසේම Cinderella ගෙන් ඉදිරියට යාමේදී, Melies විසින් සෑම දර්ශණ ඛණ්ඩයක් විසිරුවා හරින ලදී.  ඉන් රඟදැක්වීමේ අඛණ්ඩතාවයෙහි පෙනුම තවදුරටත් අඩු කිරීම අරමුණු විය.  ඉහත දැක්වූ චිත්‍රපට දෙකෙහි කුමක්ද සිදුවන්නේ කියා දැන ගැනීමට ප්‍රේක්ෂකයන්ට කලින් කථාව දැන සිටීම හෝ ඉදිරිපත් කරුවෙක් විසින් එය ඔවුන්හට පැවසීම සිදුකල යුතුවේ.

1985 සිට 1906 දක්වා - කථාන්දර චිත්‍රපට නිෂ්පාදනය


Paolo Schiavocampo (né le  à Palerme et mort le  à Milan) est un peintre et sculpteur italien qui a collaboré avec , musée en plein air composé d'une série de douze œuvres d'artistes contemporains situé le long des rives de la rivière Tusa, qui se jette dans la Mer Tyrrhénienne, près de Castel di Tusa, une frazione de la municipalité de Tusa, dans la ville métropolitaine de Messine, en Sicile.

Biographie

Élève de Giacomo Manzù, Paolo Schiavocampo étudie l'architecture à Rome et à Milan, puis l'histoire de l'art à Venise. Installé dans la capitale lombarde en 1948, il se rend en 1964 à New York où il collabore avec .

Certaines de ses œuvres ont été acquises par divers musées nationaux, et sont présentes dans diverses collections et musées publics en Italie et à l'étranger : Castello di Pavia, Pinacoteca di Macerata, Museo di Gibellina, Université d'État de Californie Los Angeles, Musée de Bochum, etc ...

Œuvres

 Figura, sculpture en terre cuite, Musée Fortunato Calleri, Catane.

Notes et références

Sources

Liens externes
  Biographie

Naissance en novembre 1924
Naissance à Palerme
Peintre italien du XXe siècle
Peintre italien du XXIe siècle
Sculpteur italien du XXe siècle
Sculpteur italien du XXIe siècle
Décès à 97 ans
Décès à Milan
Décès en janvier 2022

Paolo Schiavocampo


Die Maria-Hilf-Kapelle ist eine Kapelle der Barmherzigen Brüder von Maria-Hilf an der Peter-Friedhofen-Straße in Trier-Nord.

Eine weitere  befindet sich in Trier-West am Pulsberg, siehe unter Mariensäule (Trier).
Vom Westfriedhof führt ein Stationsweg dorthin. Die Kapelle ist renovierungsbedürftig.

Geschichte
Über hundert Jahre stand die 1814/15 erbaute Maria-Hilf-Kapelle als überregional bedeutende, volkstümliche Marienwallfahrtsstätte in Koblenz-Lützel oberhalb des linken Moselufers. Ihr Vorgängerbau war eine in der Zeit der französischen Besatzung nach 1794 zerstörte Kapelle, die später wieder aufgebaut wurde. 1845/1846 erhielt die Kapelle eine offene Vorhalle in neugotischen Formen. Auch Peter Friedhofen (1819–1860), der Gründer der Ordensgemeinschaft der Barmherzigen Brüder von Maria-Hilf, war einer ihren regelmäßigen Besucher; er habe immer, wenn er in Schwierigkeiten war, dort Zuflucht im Gebet gesucht. Von 1905 bis 1907 wurde eine neue, bis heute erhaltene Kapelle errichtet und das Gnadenbild dorthin übertragen. Die alte Kapelle geriet in Vergessenheit und drohte zu verfallen. Da die Barmherzigen Brüder um die Bedeutung der Kapelle für ihren Gründer wussten, erwarben sie den kleinen Bau und trugen ihn 1926 Stein für Stein ab, um ihn ein Jahr später in Trier, im Garten ihres (mittlerweile aus Koblenz dorthin verlegten) Mutterhauses, wieder aufzubauen. 1928 nahm die Kapelle auch das Grab des Ordensgründers auf und wurde so – spätestens seit dessen Seligsprechung im Jahr 1985 – zur zentralen Stätte der Peter-Friedhofen-Verehrung.

Um den Raum im Inneren der kleinen Kapelle zu vergrößern, erhielt zunächst die offene Vorhalle eine Verglasung, die später durch Betonglas ersetzt wurde. Da man nach der Seligsprechung Peter Friedhofens häufiger Gottesdienste in der Kapelle feiern wollte, ersetzte man die neugotische Vorhalle durch einen 1990 geweihten Erweiterungsbau, der sich an den Formen des alten Teils orientiert und sozusagen ein Kirchenschiff bildet, an das sich die alte Kapelle als Chor anschließt.

Beschreibung der Maria-Hilf-Kapelle

In ihrer heutigen Form besteht die Kapelle seit 1989/1990, als sie wegen des gestiegenen Raumbedarfs nach der Seligsprechung Peter Friedhofens am 23. Juni 1985 noch einmal grundlegend umgestaltet wurde. Nach Plänen des Trierer Architekten Karl Peter Böhr entstand ein aus den Proportionen der alten Kapelle entwickelter Neubau, der am 6. Mai 1990 eingeweiht wurde. Der neue Andachtsraum ist von einem dreibahnigen Kreuzgratgewölbe überspannt, dessen tief herabhängende Schlusssteine den Eindruck einer dreischiffigen Anlage erwecken. Als Aufleger dienen ihnen rechts und links des Chorbogens die alten gotisierenden Pfeiler von 1845/1846. Die Seitenwände sind vollständig in schlanke, verglaste Arkaden aufgelöst, wobei das Rundbogenmotiv der alten Kapelle aufgegriffen wurde. Auch die polygonalen Ecktürmchen und der vorhallenartige Windfang, an dem die beiden gusseisernen Säulen der alten Vorhalle wiederverwendet wurden, imitieren Elemente des älteren Baus.

Der alte Kapellenraum, der heute als Chor dient, wurde von Petra Schreyögg (Leutesdorf) in seiner ursprünglichen Farbigkeit wiederhergestellt. Dabei nehmen die Ornamente der vortretenden Wandpaneele Bezug auf das Marienpatrozinium: In stilistischen Formen des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts, die wiederum spätmittelalterliche Wandbespannungen aus Brokatstoffen nachahmen, erkennt man stilisierte Schwertlilien und Rosenknospen in einem System ovaler Lorbeerranken. Die Rose war spätestens seit dem 13. Jahrhundert das vielfältig ausgelegte, vor allem Unschuld, Reinheit und Vollkommenheit verkörpernde Mariensymbol schlechthin. Schwertlilien dagegen galten in der mittelalterlichen Blumensymbolik als Abbilder der sieben Schmerzen Mariens und standen somit in engem Zusammenhang mit der Verehrung der schmerzhaften Muttergottes. Die Vermauerung der unteren Apsishälfte wurde entfernt und das Gnadenbild frei auf einen hohen Sockel gestellt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine von Bruder Numerian gefertigte Kopie des Koblenzer Gnadenbildes, das sich heute in der Pfarrkirche St. Peter in Koblenz-Neuendorf befindet. Die 1928 gefertigten Hängelampen, die man zwischenzeitlich entfernt hatte, wurden wieder installiert.

Die Ikonografie des neuen Innenraumes ist ganz der Person und dem Werk Peter Friedhofens gewidmet: Die tragenden Konsolsteine des Gewölbes illustrieren in farbig gefassten, von Willi Hahn (Trier) geschaffenen Reliefs wichtige Stationen seines Lebens. In der linken vorderen Raumecke beginnend, zieht sich die Folge gegen den Uhrzeigersinn an den Wänden entlang: Peter Friedhofen als kleiner Junge vor einer Marienskulptur, die Schornsteinfegerlehre bei seinem Bruder, die Wanderschaft, die Unterstützung der Schwägerin und ihrer Kinder, der Bau des Klösterchens in Weitersburg, die Einkleidung, das frühe Klosterleben mit den ersten Brüdern, Krankenpflege, Tod und Seligsprechung. Als Gegenstücke zu diesen Konsolen sind die tief herabgezogenen, tragenden Schlusssteine des Gewölbes mit den vergoldeten Symbolen der vier Evangelisten besetzt. Die steilen Gewölbekappen wurden von Petra Schreyögg mit stilisierten Weinstöcken bemalt, die jeweils von den Konsolen bzw. den Schlusssteinen ausgehen. Als zentrales eucharistisches Symbol verweist der Weinstock auf Christus. Darüber hinaus erinnern sie an das Christuswort: "Ich bin der Weinstock, ihr seid die Reben. Wer in mir bleibt und in wem ich bleibe, der bringt reiche Frucht; denn getrennt von mir könnt ihr nichts vollbringen."

Die Gestaltung der Fenster durch Petra Schreiögg illustriert eine Aussage Peter Friedhofens über seine Gemeinschaft: Auf der linken Seite verdichten sich verschiedene Blautöne auf klarem Grund zu ungegenständlichen Formen, während rechts rot-gelbe Flammenstrukturen nach oben züngeln. Dies ist die genaue Umsetzung der Briefstelle: "[…] dieses Werk soll ein Werk geben, welches aus neuem Feuer und aus neuem Geist aufgerichtet werden soll."

Das Zentrum der heutigen Kapelle bildet die Grabanlage des Ordensgründers am Übergang zwischen neuem und altem Kapellenraum. Ihr Kernstück ist der bereits 1985 aus Anlass der Seligsprechung in Auftrag gegebene Altar von Ulrich Henn (Leudersdorf). Um den Peter-Friedhofen-Schrein in seinem Inneren zu zeigen, sind die vier Seiten des bronzenen Altarblocks durchbrochen gearbeitet. Ihre Dekoration besteht aus jeweils einem naturalistisch gestalteten Rosenkranz, der mit goldenen Blüten und fünf runden Medaillons besetzt ist. Diese zeigen an der Frontseite die Geheimnisse des schmerzhaften und an der Rückseite die des freudenreichen Rosenkranzes. Dabei stehen die Passionsszenen des schmerzhaften Rosenkranzes an der Frontseite des Altares, die in der Kreuzigung gipfeln, im Vordergrund und stellen so zusätzlich eine enge Beziehung zum eucharistischen Opfer her. Die Betonung Christi wird an der linken Seitenfläche durch fünf seiner Wunder weitergeführt: Links oben beginnend, erkennt man gegen den Uhrzeigersinn die wunderbare Brotvermehrung, die Hochzeit zu Kana, eine nicht näher bestimmbare Fußwaschung, die Erweckung des Lazarus und die Heilung eines Lahmen. Mit ihnen korrespondieren auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite die Werke der Barmherzigkeit: In gleicher Lesrichtung wird ein Hungernder gespeist, ein Dürstender getränkt, ein Nackter bekleidet, ein Gefangener besucht und ein Kranker gepflegt. Diese Gegenüberstellung thematisiert auch hier die tätige Nachfolge Christi durch die aktive Befolgung des Gebotes der Nächstenliebe und erinnert an das Wort Jesu: "Was ihr für einen meiner geringsten Brüder getan habt, das habt ihr mir getan."

Vor dem Altar, der erst aus Anlass der Umgestaltung 1990 von seinem ursprünglichen Standort im Zentrum der alten Kapelle unter den Chorbogen versetzt wurde, liegt die alte Koblenzer Grabplatte von 1926. Sie ist vor allem als Erinnerung an die alte Begräbnisstätte zu sehen, aus der die Gebeine des Seliggesprochenen "zur Ehre der Altäre" erhoben wurden. Oberhalb des Chorbogens wurde – in einer Achse mit der Grabplatte und dem Schrein – das Porträt des Ordensgründers angebracht. Die Inschrift lautet: "Seliger Bruder Peter Friedhofen * 25. 2. 1819 † 21.12.1860 – Gründer der Barmherzigen Brüder von Maria-Hilf – seliggesprochen 23. 6. 1985 durch Papst Johannes Paul II. – Ein Zeichen der Hoffnung für Arme und Kranke"

Weblinks

 Barmherzige Brüder von Maria-Hilf

Mariahilfkapelle
Barmherzige-Brüder-Kirche
Erbaut in den 1990er Jahren
Maria-Hilf-Kirche
Kapelle des Bistums Trier

Maria-Hilf-Kapelle (Trier)


Rainway est un service de streaming de jeux vidéo. Il permet aux utilisateurs de jouer à des jeux sur leur PC ayant Windows 10 et d'y jouer sur d'autres appareils via une connexion Internet. La version bêta initiale a été lancée le 20 janvier 2018. La version 1.0 du logiciel est sortie le 31 janvier 2019.

Compatibilité
Rainway est compatible avec les jeux achetés sur Steam, Origin, Battle.net, itch.io, GOG.com et Uplay. Le service peut fonctionner dans les navigateurs Web et sera également compatible avec les téléphones mobiles iOS et Android, ainsi que les consoles Xbox One.

Histoire
Rainway a été annoncé pour la première fois en mars 2017 par Andrew Sampson, avec une version bêta prévue pour le 5 mai. L'annonce a été faite sur le site officiel d'Ulterius, un autre service de streaming sur lequel Sampson a travaillé et qui utilisait des technologies similaires, mais se concentrait sur la fonctionnalité du bureau à distance plutôt que sur le streaming de jeux. Cependant, Rainway n'a attiré l'attention du public qu'en avril, lorsqu'à été annoncé qu'il serait compatible avec la Nintendo Switch. Lors de l'E3 2017, Rainway a annoncé que la version bêta de Rainway serait lancée le 25 novembre. La version bêta a ensuite été à nouveau reportée au 20 janvier 2018.

En août 2018, Rainway a clos son capital d'amorçage, après avoir levé 1,5 million de dollars avec GoAhead Ventures. Le logiciel a quitté la version bêta le 31 janvier 2019, avec la sortie de la version 1.0.

Plus tard en 2019, David Perry (ancien PDG de Gaikai ) et Jon Kimmich ont rejoint le comité consultatif de la société. Les investisseurs comprenaient Bullpen Capital, Madrona Venture Group, GoAhead Ventures et Bill Mooney. Une version bêta publique sur iOS est sortie le 9 septembre 2019.

Articles connexes
 Cloud Gaming

Notes et références

Liens externes

Logiciel pour Windows
Logiciel pour iOS
Jeu vidéo

Rainway


An Echinosepala uncinata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni William Fawcett, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Alec M. Pridgeon och Mark W. Chase. An Echinosepala uncinata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Echinosepala, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Echinosepala

Echinosepala uncinata


بدي شوف فيلم لبناني من إخراج وتأليف خليل جريح وجوانا حاجى توما وتدور القصة حول فرنسية تزور لبنان في صيف 2006 أثناء حرب لبنان 2006 و تلتلقي بربيع فيقومان برحلة للبحث عن جدة مروة .

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أفلام لبنانية
أفلام عن الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية
أفلام إنتاج 2008

بدي شوف (فيلم)


There are three different addressing schemes for display devices: direct, matrix, and raster.  The purpose of each scheme is to set (or maintain) the state of a pixel to either black/white or, more commonly, a grayscale level.

Direct addressing
A direct addressed display runs individual control signals to each pixel.  This allows the state, whether on/off or grayscale, to be set and maintained on each pixel.  For a screen size of m×n pixels, this scheme would require m×n control signals.  This is generally considered to be an inefficient use of I/O and physical space.

Matrix addressing
A matrix addressed display runs control signals only to the rows (lines) and columns of the display. (See also: Display matrix) For a screen size of m×n pixels, this scheme requires m+n control signals. To address all pixels of such a display in the shortest time, either entire rows or entire columns have to be addressed sequentially. As many images are shown on a 16:9 aspect ratio, the sequential addressing is typically done row-by-row (i. e. line-by-line). In this case, fewer rows than columns have to be refreshed periodically. Passive matrix addressing is used with the help of persistence of vision of the (usually human) eye so the cell need not be bistable. Persistence of vision is used in simpler, slower changing displays with relatively few picture elements such as clocks. In active matrix addressing, some sort of capacitor (external to the cell proper) is used to maintain the state of the cell. When the electro-optical property of cells itself is bistable, passive matrix addressing
without external capacitor can be implemented.

Raster addressing
A raster addressed display (e.g., a CRT) works by scanning across the entire display in sequence while modulating control signal to activate each pixel as it is scanned.  This display uses persistence of the pixel element (e.g., phosphor) to maintain the pixel state until the scan can visit that pixel again.  There are only three control signals required for this to work: a horizontal scan control signal, a vertical scan control signal, and an intensity control signal.  Timing between these signals is very important, else the image on the screen will show artifacts.

Display technology

Addressing scheme


John Freeman () este un scriitor și critic literar american. A fost redactor la revista literară Granta până în 2013, fost președinte al National Book Critics Circle, iar articolele sale au apărut în aproape 200 de publicații în limba engleză din întreaga lume, inclusiv The New York Times Book Review, Los Angeles Times, The Guardian și The Wall Street Journal.

Primii ani
John Freeman s-a născut în Cleveland, Ohio, a crescut în New York, Pennsylvania și California și a absolvit Swarthmore College în 1996.

Carieră
Prima carte a lui Freeman, The Tyranny of E-mail: The Four-Thousand Year Journey to Your Inbox, a fost publicată în 2009. (Ea a fost publicată în Australia sub titlul Shrinking the World: The 4,000-year story of how email came to rule our lives.) Cea de-a doua carte a lui Freeman, o colecție de interviuri cu mari scriitori contemporani intitulată How to Read a Novelist, a fost publicată în SUA în 2013 de editura Farrar, Straus și Giroux. (Ea a fost publicată inițial în Australia, în 2012.) Cartea conține profiluri ale unor scriitori precum Margaret Atwood, John Updike, Geoff Dyer, Toni Morrison, Haruki Murakami și alții. Potrivit unui interviu din 2013 de la Newsmax, Freeman a realizat profile mai multor autori de sex feminin (16 în total) în How to Read a Novelist și a început cartea în special cu Toni Morrison pentru că el crede că "cultură literară este adesea masculinizată. Dar mulți dintre profesorii noștri sunt femei. De multe ori, faptul că ești un cititor se datorează faptului că mama ta este o cititoare— a mea a fost cu siguranță".

În perioada de șase ani cât a fost membru în consiliul de administrație al National Book Critics Circle, Freeman a lansat o campanie de sensibilizare față de reducerea spațiului alocat cărților în presa națională și față de păstrarea secțiunilor de recenzii literare.

Freeman s-au alăturat revistei Granta în decembrie 2008, a devenit editor interimar în mai 2009, și a fost numit editor în octombrie 2009. În perioada cât a condus revista, a publicat scrieri ale lui Mary Gaitskill, Kenzaburō Ōe, Rana Dasgupta, Dinaw Mengestu, Peter Carey, Jeanette Winterson, Natsuo Kirino, Victor LaValle, Herta Müller, Daniel Alarcon, Wole Soyinka, Aleksandar Hemon, Salman Rushdie, Yiyun Li, Tony D 'Souza, Colum McCann, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong' o, George Saunders, Marie Darrieussecq, Joshua Ferris, Aminatta Forna, Jim Crace, Richard Russo, Kamila Shamsie, Mo Yan, A. L. Kennedy, Mohsin Hamid și Chimamanda Adichie. Printre scriitorii care au debutat în Granta în timpul mandatului său s-au aflat Chinelo Okparanta, Phil Klay, Claire Vaye Watkins și Maria Venegas.

Freeman a editat o serie de antologii de ficțiune, non-ficțiune și poezie intitulate Freeman's, publicate în parteneriat cu Grove/Atlantic și The New School. Prima antologie a apărut în octombrie 2015, iar noi antologii vor fi publicate de două ori pe an. Explicând viziunea sa pentru Freeman's, el a declarat: "Vreau să fie un spațiu editorial pe termen lung... Sper că va introduce noi scriitori și-i va face pe cei mari să facă altceva decât să scrie cărți lungi".

Viața personală
Freeman locuiește acum în New York City.

Scrieri

Cărți

Poezii disponibile online

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Radhika Jones, "Uncommon Readers - John Freeman and Nicole Aragi's combined library is the happy merging of bookishness as vocation and avocation", Book Forum, December/January 2008.
 Rosemary Sorensen, "An American in London", The Australian, 1 mai 2010.
 Conrad Walters, "Late mail on writing", The Age, 21 noiembrie 2009.
 Roy Robins, "An interview with John Freeman" , Granta, 8 iunie 2009.
 Jane Ciabattari, "3 Questions for Granta Editor John Freeman", Critical Mass (National Book Critics Circle), 12 octombrie 2009.
 John Freeman page at Simon & Schuster.
 "From Granta to 'Freeman's'", Washington Post, 1 iulie 2014.
 Clare Swanson, "Four Questions for John Freeman", Publishers Weekly, 6 august 2014.

Legături externe
 Granta
 National Book Critics Circle

Nașteri în 1974
Oameni în viață

John Freeman (autor)


La gare centrale de Stryï (en ) est une gare ferroviaire située dans la ville de Stryï de l'oblast de Lviv, en Ukraine. C'est un très important nœud ferroviaire.

Situation ferroviaire

La gare est exploitée par réseau ferré de Lviv, partie de Ukrzaliznytsia.

Histoire

Elle fait partie de la ligne Lviv-Stryï-Tchop créée en 1864 par l'empire d'Autriche. En 1870 une voie vers Dnistr est pensé, en 1873 les premiers trains vont vers Sambir. La même année une ligne est ouverte vers Lviv et en 1874 un dépôt de maintenance est ouvert.

Service des voyageurs

La première gare était en bois mais fut emportée par l'incendie de 1886 et fut remplacé par des bâtiments en pierre. Détruite par la Grande Guerre, elle fut reconstruite en brique mais emporté par la seconde guerre mondiale. En 1953 est élevé un bâtiment à deux étages.

Accueil

Intermodalité

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste de gares en Ukraine,
 Transport ferroviaire en Ukraine.

Liens externes

Gare dans l'oblast de Lviv
Gare mise en service en 1873

Gare de Stryï


A Ordem do Herói do Povo ou a Ordem do Herói Nacional foi uma medalha por bravura jugoslava, o segundo maior prémio militar e a terceira condecoração geral jugoslava. Foi atribuído a indivíduos, unidades militares, organizações políticas e outras que se distinguiram por extraordinários feitos heróicos durante a guerra e em tempo de paz. Os condecorados foram posteriormente conhecidos como Heróis do Povo da Jugoslávia ou Heróis Nacionais da Jugoslávia. A grande maioria foi concedida a guerrilheiros por acções durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial . Um total de 1322 condecorações foram concedidas na Jugoslávia, e 19 foram concedidos a estrangeiros.

Cidadãos estrangeiros condecorados
Fonte:

  Sergey Biryuzov (1964)
  Ivan Bulkin (1945)
  Reshit Çollaku (1945†, rescinded in 1948)
  Pavel Dmitrienko (1945)
  Enver Hoxha (1946, rescinded in 1948)
  Boris Kalinkin (1944)
  Ivan Konstantinov (1945)
  Semyon Kozak (1944)
  Vojo Kushi (1945†, rescinded in 1948)
  Luigi Longo (1980)
  Rodion Malinovsky (1964)
  Alexander Managadze (1945)
  Grigoriy Okhrimenko (1945)
  Alexander Shornikov (1944)
  Vladimir Sudets (1964)
  Ludvík Svoboda (1946)
  Fyodor Tolbukhin (1945)
  Vasiliy Ulisko (1945)
  Andrey Vitruk (1945)
  Pavel Yakimov (1944)
  Vladimir Zhdanov (1944)
  Michał Żymierski (1946)

Cidades Heroicas

Oito cidades receberam a Ordem do Herói do Povo (uma em cada República Socialista e Província Socialista), e receberam o título de "Cidade Heroína". As datas das condecorações são dadas entre parênteses.

  Belgrado (20 de outubro de 1974)
  Cetinje (7 de maio de 1975)
  Ljubljana (7 de maio de 1970)
  Novi Sad (7 de maio de 1975)
  Prilep (7 de maio de 1975)
  Priština (7 de maio de 1975)
  Drvar (17 de maio de 1974)
  Zagreb (7 de maio de 1975)

Organizações públicas e políticas
 Liga dos Jovens Comunistas da Jugoslávia (SKOJ)
 Comité distrital da SKOJ para Drvar
 União dos Veteranos da Guerra Popular de Libertação (SUBNOR)
 União dos veteranos de guerra espanhóis da Jugoslávia

Estatísticas

Um total de 1322 pessoas foram premiadas na Jugoslávia em 1981. A maioria dos condecorados eram homens (1231) e 91 eram mulheres. A maioria dos Heróis do Povo eram mineiros ou trabalhadores industriais (34%), 19% eram universitários e estudantes do ensino médio, 18% eram trabalhadores rurais e 13% eram especialistas de todos os tipos.

A maioria dos condecorados era muito jovem. Metade deles ingressou no Exército antes de completar 25 anos, e apenas 325 deles tinham mais de 30 anos. 42% dos Heróis que morreram na guerra tinham entre 16 e 26 anos, 38% tinham entre 27 e 34. Três Heróis tinham menos de 17 anos quando morreram. Milka Bosnić foi a mais jovem a receber a ordem, ela tinha apenas 15 anos quando foi morta durante a Operação Rösselsprung.

A maioria das condecorações foi concedida nos anos seguintes à Segunda Guerra Mundial, a maioria delas entre 1951 e 1953. Tito foi a única pessoa a ser premiada várias vezes, tendo sido premiado três vezes. Dos 955 destinatários que morreram na guerra, 77% foram mortos em combate, cerca de 15% foram executados ou morreram na prisão e cerca de 7% morreram de ferimentos. A maioria dos Heróis morreu em 1943 (cerca de 30%) e em 1942 (27,5%). Nove deles foram mortos após a guerra terminar oficialmente durante a luta com as forças inimigas que ainda restavam. 55 Heróis do Povo cometeram suicídio para escapar da prisão.

A maioria dos condecorados da Ordem nasceu na Croácia (21,9%), seguida da Bósnia e Herzegovina (20,6%), Montenegro (18,7%), Sérvia Central (15%) e Eslovénia (11,05%). A maioria dos que morreram durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial morreu na Bósnia e Herzegovina (32%). Em 1957 havia 410 Heróis do Povo vivos, em 1975 havia 367 e em 1981 havia 343 Heróis vivos.

Literatura

Ordens honoríficas da Iugoslávia
Iugoslávia na Segunda Guerra Mundial
República Socialista Federativa da Iugoslávia
Prêmios estabelecidos em 1943

Ordem do Herói do Povo


Cet article présente la liste des évènements de la The Walt Disney Company ayant eu lieu en 2022.

Événements

Janvier

Février

Mars

Avril
 , une cérémonie est donnée pour avoir atteint le point le plus élevé de la construction du Four Hudson Square, nouveau siège de la Walt Disney Company à New York
 ,la chaîne Star India est rebaptisée Disney Star
 , Tokyo Disney Resort a annoncé la fermeture de l'attraction Space Mountain pour rénovation en 2024, avec une réouverture sous une nouvelle version, un nouvel extérieur et de nouveaux effets visuels pour 2027.

Mai

Juin

Juillet

Août
 , le studio australien est rebaptisé Disney Studios Australia.

Septembre

Octobre

Novembre

Décembre

Notes et références

2022
Disney

2022 chez Disney


Mondonville ist der Name folgender Orte:
 Mondonville (Haute-Garonne), Gemeinde im Département Haute-Garonne, Frankreich
 Mondonville-Saint-Jean, Gemeinde im Département Eure-et-Loir, Frankreich

Mondonville ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville (1711–1772), französischer Violinist und Komponist
 Anne-Jeanne Cassanéa de Mondonville (1708–1780), französische Cembalistin

Mondonville


The flag of Wyoming consists of the silhouette of an American bison. The red symbolizes the Native Americans and the blood of pioneers who gave their lives. The white is a symbol of purity and uprightness. The blue is the color of the skies and distant mountains. It is also a symbol of fidelity, justice and virility. The bison represents the local fauna, while the seal on it suggests the custom of branding livestock.

History

In 1916 the Wyoming Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) ran a contest inviting the public to submit possible designs for a Wyoming flag. A prize of $20 (about $567 in 2023) was offered to the winner, and the DAR received a total of 37 entries. They chose a drawing by Verna Keays, a recent graduate of the Art Institute of Chicago. On January 31, 1917, Governor Robert D. Carey signed the state flag bill into law and the bison flag was officially adopted.

DAR regent Grace Raymond Hebard, a professor at the University of Wyoming, suffragist and scholar, contributed suggestions for changes after the design had been accepted. In Keays' original design, the one approved by Wyoming's legislature, the bison faces toward the fly, symbolizing its former freedom to roam the plains of Wyoming. Hebard thought that if the bison were to face toward the hoist, the design would be more balanced (animals generally face the hoist on flags, as they would the wind). In the end, all Wyoming flags from the first batch produced onward showed the bison facing the hoist, although this change was never officially adopted by the Wyoming legislature.

It is one of ten U.S. state flags to feature an eagle, alongside those of Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Utah.

References

External links

United States state flags
Flag
Bison in art
1917 establishments in Wyoming
Wyoming
Daughters of the American Revolution
Flags adopted through competition

Flag of Wyoming


Herculaneum ist ein Jazzensemble aus Chicago.

Geschichte
Die Mitglieder der Anfang der 2000er Jahre gegründeten Formation Herculaneum stammen aus der Jazzszene Chicagos, spielen aber auch in Indie-Rockbands der Stadt wie Cursive oder Icy Demons. Ihr gehörten in der Gründungsbesetzung als Quintett der Trompeter Patrick Newbery, Klarinettist David McDonnell, Bassist Greg Danek, Posaunist Nick Broste und der Schlagzeuger (teilweise auch Vibraphonist und Pianist) Dylan Ryan an, der das Ensemble leitet und fast alle Stücke komponiert. Die Frontline besteht (seit 2012) wieder aus drei Bläsern, nachdem zwischendurch auch zwei Holzbläser in der Gruppe spielten und weitere Klangfarben (Streicher, Gitarre) integriert waren; der Gruppensound ist perkussiv angelegt. Der kammermusikalische Stil des 2009 veröffentlichten dritten Albums nimmt Anleihen bei den Gruppen von Jimmy Giuffre in den 1950er Jahren.

Das Ensemble jammte auch mit Bands wie Wilco, TV on the Radio, Cursive und Broken Social Scene, außerdem mit den Free-Jazz-Musikern Daniel Carter und Paul Flaherty.

Diskografie
Herculaneum (2003)
Orange Blossom (482 Music, 2005)
 Herculaneum III (Clean Feed Records, 2007), mit David McDonnell, Nate Lepine, Nick Broste, Patrick Newbery, John Beard, Greg Danek, Dylan Ryan
Olives & Orchids (EF, 2010)
UCHŪ (2012)

Weblinks
Offizielle Website
Herculaneum bei MySpace

Einzelnachweise

Jazzband
US-amerikanische Band

Herculaneum (Band)


Ubertino de Casale (1259 – c. 1329) a fost un călugăr italian franciscan și unul dintre liderii (împreună cu Angelus Cleranus) al fracțiunii Spiritualilor, cea mai strictă ramură a Ordinului Franciscan, care, sub influența lui Gioacchino da Fiore, a dezvoltat diverse idei și atitudini radicale și milenariste.

Viața
Ubertino de Casale s-a născut în Casale Monferrato. El a fost mai întâi un discipol al lui Pierre de Jean Olivi (sau Petrus Johannis Olivi), apoi un lider al ramurii Spiritualilor. Ramura franciscană a așa zilșilor Spirituali au îmbrățișat sărăcia ca fiind obligatorie și au insistat pe o mai strictă interpretare a  Regulii Sfântului Francisc de Assisi. Spiritualii au contestat deciziile papilor Grigorie al IX-lea și Nicolae al III-lea, care ai favorizat o interpretare moderată a Regulii lui Francisc. De asemenea, ei l-au contestat și pe Papa Inocențiu al III-lea, care a dezaprobat învățăturilie lui Gioacchino da Fiore ca fiind la limita ereziei. Prin urmare, Ubertino de Casale a fost chemat în fața Papei Benedict XI și i-a fost interzis să predice la Perugia, și a fost exilat la mănăstirea Monte Alverna.

În timpul exilului său, Ubertino de Casale a scris Arbor Vitae Crucifixae Jesu Christi (Arborele vieții crucificate a lui Isus Cristos), unde a accentuat o interpretare literală a Regulii Sfântului Francisc de Assisi și sărăciei lui Cristos. În această carte, Ubertino îl identifică pe Papa Bonifaciu VIII, un alt adversar al Spiritualilor, și pe Papa Benedict XI, cu  prima și cu cea de-a doua fiară din Apocalipsă.

În 1307, el a fost ales preot și familiar al cardinalul Napoleone Orsini Frangipani, un fost un protector al Spiritualilor. În 1308, când Orsini a mers la Germania, Ubertino s-a mutat în Franța. În 1312-13, a fost chemat la Avignon împreună cu ceilalți lideri ai Spiritualilor pentru a răspunde înaintea papei la întrebările privitoare la conflictul dintre cele două fracțiuni franciscane. În timpul discuțiilor, el a atacat majoritatea moderată din ordinul său și a cerut mănăstiri și provincii separate pentru fracțiunea sa spiritualistă. Dar acest lucru a fost refuzat, iar pe de altă parte, întrebarea privitoare la  respectarea practică a sărăciei a fost stabilită de către celebra bulă papală  Exivi de paradiso, din 6 mai 1312, care parțial a fost realizată ca replică la polemicile iscate de scrierile lui Ubertino de Casale.

Ubertino a rămas cu Cardinalul Giacomo Colonna până 1317, când Papa Ioan al XXII-lea i-a permis să părăsească ordinul Franciscan și să se alăture abației benedictine de la Gembloux, din Eparhia de Liège. Deoarece Ubertino nu s-a oprit a se implica în conflicte în rândul Franciscanilor, el a fost excomunicat în anul 1318. În 1322, Ubertino a fost chemat înapoi la Avignon de către Papă să se pronunțe cu privire la o nouă controversă iscată între Dominicani și Franciscani privind sărăcia lui Isus Cristos și a Apostolilor. Ubertino a afirmat că Isus Cristos și Apostolii, deși au respins toate proprietățile privată și persoanale, au făcut totuși uz de bunuri și de bani pentru necesitățiă, pentru pomeni și ajutoare. Acest răspuns a fost bine primit de către Papa Ioan al XXII-lea.

Ubertino a rămas la Avignon, în serviciul Cardinalului Orsini, până în anul 1325, când a fost acuzat de erezie pentru că a apărat condamnat opiniile profesorului său Pierre de Jean Olivi. În timp ce Papa a poruncit generalului Franciscanilor de a-l aresta ca eretic, Ubertino de Casale s-a dus cel mai probabil în Germania, în Bavaria, pentru a căuta protecția Împăratului Ludovic al IV-lea al Sfântului Imperiu Roman-German, pe care, mai apoi, cel mai probabil l-a însoțit în drumul său spre Roma din anul 1328.

După acestea, Ubertino de Casale a dispărut total din istorie. Unii presupun că a părăsit și Ordinul Benedictin, pentru a se alătura Ordinului Cartusian. În secolul al XV-lea, Fraticelli l-au venerat ca sfânt și martir. Dante l-a menționat în Divina Comedie, ca un susținător al unei mai stricte Reguli a Sfântului Francisc de Assisi.

Referințe în cultura populară
Ubertino de Casale apare ca un personaj minor, dar totuși foarte important pentru desfășurarea narațiunii, în romanul istoric al lui Umberto Eco, Numele Trandafirului (1980), respectiv în adaptarea cinematografică a romanului, unde rolul lui Ubertio este jucat de William Hickey.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ubertino de Casale, Arbor vitae crucifixae Christi, (1485; retipărit la Torino: Bottega d Erasmo, 1961)
 Eugen Răchițeanu, Arta și estetica franciscană în secolele XIII-XIV. Explorări hermeneutice și comparative, Editura Fundației Academice AXIS, Iași, 2017.

Nașteri în 1259
Decese în 1329
Călugări italieni
Gioachimism

Ubertino de Casale


Le  est une exploitation vitivinicole qui produit du vin à Takahata, situé dans le district de Higashiokitama (préfecture de Yamagata), au nord du Japon.

Histoire
L'exploitation vitivinicole de Takahata a été fondée en septembre 1990 par Minamikyushu Coca-Cola Bottling Co., Ltd. en tant que filiale du groupe et financée à 100% par ce dernier, dans le but de produire et de vendre un vin local à base de raisins cultivés au sein de la préfecture de Yamagata. Le domaine accueille aussi les visites.

Situation et accès
 2700-1 Nukanome, Takahata-machi ōaza, district de Higashiokitama, préfecture de Yamagata, Japon.
Situé à environ 10 minutes à pied depuis la gare JR Takahata-eki.

Récompenses
 « Japan Winery Award » :
 « 2019 – Japan Winery Award – 2ème édition » : obtention de 5 étoiles.
 « 2020 – Japan Winery Award – 3ème édition » : obtention de 5 étoiles.
 « 2021 – Japan Winery Award – 4ème édition » : obtention de 5 étoiles.
 « Japan Wine Competition » :
 « 2019 – Japan Wine Competition – 17ème édition » : premier prix.
 « Takahata Winery – Barrique Chardonnay – Vieilli en fût de chêne » (blanc, variété européenne).
 « Decanter World Wine Awards » :
 « 2021 – Decanter World Wine Awards » : premier prix.
 « 2017 Takahata Majestic – L'ogre rouge » (rouge).

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 ワイン用ブドウ品種の一覧 - Liste des cépages utilisés pour le vin (en japonais)
 果実酒 - Jus de fruits alcoolisés (en japonais)
 日本ワインコンクール - Concours des vins japonais (en japonais)

Liens externes

Viticulture au Japon
Domaine viticole

Domaine Takahata


Partido Revolucionário Trabalhista Personalista (vietnamita: Cần lao Nhân vị Cách Mạng Ðảng ou Đảng Cần lao Nhân vị), muitas vezes chamado simplesmente de Partido Cần Lao, foi um partido político vietnamita, fundado no início de 1950 pelo Presidente da República do Vietname Ngô Đình Diệm e seu irmão Ngô Ðình Nhu. A doutrina do partido foi ostensivamente baseada na Teoria da Dignidade da Pessoa.

Revolucionário
Revolucionário


Fernán Silva Valdés (* 15. Oktober 1887 in Montevideo; † 9. Januar 1975 ebenda) war ein uruguayischer Schriftsteller.

Leben und Wirken
Manche Gedichte von Silva Valdés wurden in der Zeitschrift Apolo veröffentlicht. 1913 debütierte er mit dem Gedichtband Ánfora de barro, dem 1917 Humo de Incienso folgte. Mit Gedichtsammlungen wie Poemas nativos (1925), Intemperie (1930), Romances chúcaros (1933) und Romancero del sur (1939) profilierte er sich neben Pedro Leandro Ipuche als Begründer des Nativismo in Uruguay. Populär wurde er als Textautor für die Tangos Margarita Punzó und Adiós Argentina (Musik von Gerardo Matos Rodríguez), den kreolischen Walzer Nido deshecho (Musik von Guillermo Barbieri), die Cifra Querencia (Musik von Américo Chiriff), die Milonga En Blanco y Negro (Musik von Néstor Feria), Agua florida (Musik von Ramón Collazo) und Clavel del aire (Musik von Juan de Dios Filiberto).

Zudem war Silva Valdés ein bedeutender Bühnenautor. Sein von Eduardo Fabini komponiertes Ballett Mburucuyá wurde 1936 am Teatro Colón uraufgeführt. Eine Reihe seiner Theaterstücke wurde am Teatro Solis in Montevideo gespielt. 1966 erschien in der Reihe Colección Clásicos Uruguayos eine Gesamtausgabe seiner Werke. 1970 erhielt er den Gran Premio Nacional de Literatura.

Werke
Ánfora de barro, 1913
Humo de Incienso, 1917
Agua del tiempo, 1921
Poemas Nativos, 1925
Intemperie, 1930
Poesías y Leyendas para Niños, 1930
Los Romances Chúcaros, 1933
Leyendas, 1936
Mburucuyá, Ballett, 1936
Romancero del Sur, 1938
Ronda Catonga, 1941
Cuentos y Leyendas del Río de la Plata, 1941
Corralito, 1944
Leyendas Americanas, 1945
Cuentos del Uruguay, 1945
Santos Vega, "leyenda gaucha", 1952
Lenguaraz, 1955
Barrio Palermo, 1958

Quellen
Biografías y Vidas - Fernán Silva Valdés
Todo Tango - Fernán Silva Valdés
La Escuela Digital - Fernán Silva Valdés

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Lyrik
Drama
Uruguayische Literatur
Uruguayer
Geboren 1887
Gestorben 1975
Mann

Fernán Silva Valdés


Kunado-no-Kami (), alternately Kunato-no-Kami, Funado-no-Kami, Funato-no-Kami, or Chimata-no-Kami, are Japanese local gods connected chiefly with protection against disaster and malicious spirits.

The term "Kunado-no-Kami" and its variants are derived ultimately from  ku-na-do, meaning a place that is not to be entered, a taboo or sacred space. These kami are regarded as protecting the boundaries of a village and forestalling entry by malicious or harmful spirits and influences, thereby preventing disasters. A common origin myth connects them with the fundoshi cast aside by Izanagi upon his return from the underworld as recorded in the Kojiki.

In some cases the protection of these kami extends to roads and paths, in which capacity the variant name Chimata-no-Kami is particularly likely to be applied.

See also
 Mishaguji
 Yomotsu Hirasaka

References

Japanese gods
Shinto kami

Kunado-no-Kami