دار الزمن، مسلسل تلفزيوني كويتي من 30 حلقة كتبته الفنانة سعاد عبد الله والكاتبة وهج. وقام بإنتاجة شركة الصدف ومؤسسة التوليب.

بطولة : سعاد عبد الله، مريم الصالح، إبراهيم الصلال، علي المفيدي ،محمد جابر، سعاد علي، أحمد الهزيم، وجنات الرهبيني، شهد، عبد الله الطراروة

تدور أحداث مسلسل «دار الزمن» في إطار كوميدي حول دار مسنين توفر جميع أنواع الخدمات لكل الملتحقين بالدار، وهي دار مختلطة، بقسم خاص للرجال وآخر للنساء، ولكن يلتقون في غرفة الطعام والجلوس وغيرها.

وعند تواجدهم نتعرف على الأسباب التي أوصلتهم للالتحاق بالدار، وذلك من خلال قضايا اجتماعية بقالب إنساني ساخر

مصادر

مسلسلات تلفزيونية كويتية بدأ عرضها في 2008

دار الزمن (مسلسل)


Áhrifavaldur er persóna sem hefur öðlast eða þróað frægð sína og vinsældir í gegnum internetið. Uppgangur samfélagsmiðla hefur gert fólki kleift að auka útbreiðslu sína til alþjóðlegra áhorfenda. Í dag er vinsæla áhrifavalda að finna á samfélagsmiðlum eins og Instagram, Twitch, YouTube, Snapchat, Twitter, Facebook og TikTok. Vinsældir áhrifavalda eru að jafnaði metnar í fjölda fylgjenda, þ.e. einstaklinga sem fylgjast með eða horfa á efni frá viðkomandi áhrifavaldi.

Saga
Orðið áhrifavaldur er ekki nýtt orð í íslensku. Elsta dæmið um orðið úr blöðum og tímaritum á stafræna safninu Tímarit.is er frá árinu 1930 og fjölgar dæmum eftir því sem líður á 20. öldina. Orðið merkir 'sá eða það sem hefur áhrif'. Á síðasta áratug hefur orðið áhrifavaldur fengið viðbótarmerkingu í íslensku og merkir einstakling sem auglýsir vörur og þjónustu fyrirtækja á samfélagsmiðlum, oftast gegn greiðslu eða annarri umbun.

Greiðslur og markaðssetning
Fyrirtæki kunna að eiga í samstarfi við áhrifavalda um að koma vöru sinni eða þjónustu á framfæri við fylgjendur þeirra en samfélagsmiðlar eru í auknum mæli notaðir til stafrænnar markaðssetningar. Þannig geta áhrifavaldar fengið borgað fyrir vinnu sína, en endurgreiðslur vegna samstarfs geta verið með peningum, en kunna einnig að felast í verðmætum af öðrum toga, s.s. vörum, afnotum af bifreið, góðum afsláttarkjörum eða inneign í verslun.

Íslenskir áhrifavaldar
Meðal þekktra íslenskra áhrifavalda má nefna eftirfarandi:

 Aron Már Ólafsson (Aron Mola)
 Bergsveinn Ólafsson (Beggi Ólafs)
 Binni Glee
 Birgitta Líf Björnsdóttir
 Edda Falak
 Frosti Logason (Harmageddon)
 Garðar Viðarsson (Gæji)
 Guðrún Veiga Guðmundsdóttir (gveiga85)
 Hjálmar Örn Jóhansson
 Snorri Rafnsson (Vargurinn)
 Sólrún Diego
 Sunneva Einarsdóttir
 Tinna Björk Kristinsdóttir (TinnaBK

Tilvísanir

Áhrifavaldur


Íslam í Slóvakíu. Árið 2010 var fjöldi múslima í Slóvakíu 6.000 , sem eru innan við 0,1% íbúa landsins.
Slóvakía er eina aðildarríkið í Evrópusambandinu án mosku. Árið 2000 blossaði upp ágreiningur um byggingu íslamskrar miðstöðvar í Bratislava: Borgarstjóri höfuðborgarinnar neitaði slíkum tilraunum Slóvakíu íslamska Waqfs-stofnunarinnar.

Þann 30. nóvember 2016 samþykkti Slóvakía lög til að koma í veg fyrir að íslam öðlist opinbera stöðu sem trúarbragða í landinu.

Tengt efni
 Íslam
 Íslam í Evrópu
 Íslam á Íslandi
 Evrabía

Tilvísanir

Íslam í Evrópu

Íslam í Slóvakíu


تيمقطن أو تامكتن بلدية بولاية أدرار الجزائرية تقع شرق مدينة رقان. تحتوي على 17 حي هم حي المنصور.المرقب.الزوية.بلاد المهدي.قصبة الجنة.أَخَنُّوسْ.أولاد الحاج.اولف الكبير. بلادالحسين.زاوية مولاي هيبة.اينر.تِمقطن.قَوْقَوْ.بلاد مولاي رشيد.قصبة السيد.عين بلبال.مطروين. تيمقطن تابعة إداريا لدائرة اولف.

المصادر

تيمقتن

تيمقتن


Dans le silence, je sens rouler la terre es una película del año 2010.

Sinopsis
En 1939, el fin de la Guerra Civil española obligó a miles de hombres, mujeres y niños a huir de la España franquista. La administración francesa en Argelia abrió campos para acogerlos. Setenta años después, un joven argelino investiga lo que ocurrió. A pesar de la falta de archivos, los rastros de estos campos han sobrevivido al olvido colectivo y siguen apareciendo en la Argelia actual.

Referencias

Películas documentales sobre refugiados


Tref, rock sastav iz Osijeka, Hrvatska. Za povijest zabavne glazbe u Osijeku važni su kao supergrupa. Formirana je od strane članova raznih, već postojećih osječkih grupa.

Ime
Ime benda odabrao je gitarist Slobodan Danče Ivanović. Predložio je da se nazovu po novoj modnoj liniji Tref tekstilne industrije Slavonija, nadajući se da će toj liniji koja je imala tad veliku medijsku kampanju dobro doći i glazbena promocija preko benda. Planiralo se tako napraviti osnovu po kojoj bi od poduzeća Slavonija zatražili neku financijsku donaciju, u kojoj bi poduzeće kao protuuslugu dobilo reklamiranja njihove kolekcije preko imena benda i bili su spremni napraviti reklamni audio spot za modnu liniju. Od tako dobivenih novaca bi bend kupio opremu. Članovi benda su se složili sa zamisli, no u poduzeću Slavoniji nisu tako razmišljali i bend nije dobio novce. Ali, ime za bend se već pročulo po gradu te je ostalo i ujedno je poslije bila i besplatna reklama kolekciji Tref.

Povijest
Pokretač sastava je Slobodan "Danče" Ivanović. 1974. godine vokalist Dragutin Matošević otišao je iz osječkog sastava Walta u Tref, tražeći mogućnost za ozbiljniji autorski rad, s obzirom na to da su prijašnji osječki sastavi u kojima je svirao bili svirali obrade. Ostali članovi su glazbeno iskustvo stekli u više poznatih pop sastava, od kojih su najistaknutija bili The Milky Way (Ivanović) i Had. Odmah kad je osnovana, osječki pop glazbenici prozvali su ju supergrupom. Uslijedili su uspješni nastupi u Osijeku i drugim mjestima koji su potvrdili dobra očekivanja. Glazbeni su je novinari smatrali obećavajućom pojavom, koja je već nakon nekoliko mjeseci postojanja bila na najboljem putu da se uvrsti među najbolje u državi. Zbog glazbenih neslaganja, Matošević je napustio Tref. Zamijenio ga je Borislav Šuha. U sastavu su još poslije svirali i Miroslav Juretić, Damir Rošker i Boro Vidović - Mali King. Tref je svirao po raznim osječkim plesnjacima. Prvi su angažman imali u najvećem okupljalištu mladih Osječana željnih druženja i dobre glazbe, "Studentskom restoranu". 1977. bili su jedna od predgrupa na osječkoj promociji albuma Timea Dade Topića. Fonoteka Radio Osijeka ima šest sačuvanih Trefovih radijskih snimki. To su pjesme "Ne mogu da sanjam", "Balada o pankeru", "Hej, kad", "Violina", "Marica", "Vitar piri". Osječki jazz glazbenik Vjekoslav Miling je za Walt i Tref rekao da su mu bili glazbeni uzori i poticaj da sam počne svirati.

Članovi
Članovi sastava:
 Slobodan Ivanović - Danče, solo gitara i vokal
 Ivica Matković - Makika Retvalački, bubnjevi i vokal
 Zlatko Vukasović - Keči(ga), bas gitara i vokal
 Dragutin Matošević - solo pjevač

Poslije su u sastavu bili:
 Borislav Šuha, solo pjevač
 Miroslav Juretić
 Damir Rošker, klavijature
 Boro Vidović - Mali King, vokal

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Facebook Tref - Marica rock 1976-77
Facebook Tref

Hrvatski rock-sastavi
Osječki glazbeni sastavi

Tref (glazbeni sastav)


La XIV edición del Festival de Eurovisión de Jóvenes Músicos se celebró en el Rathausplatz de Viena (Austria)el 9 de mayo de 2008.. La semifinal se celebró entre el domingo 4 de mayo y el lunes 5 de mayo de 2008 en el Theater an der Wien de Viena.

De los 16 países participantes, 7 consiguieron clasificarse para la gran final. Los finalistas estuvieron acompañados por la Vienna Symphonic Orchestra], bajo la dirección de Alexandar Markovic.

Dionysios Grammenos, el representante de Grecia, se convirtió en el ganador de esta edición con su interpretación del IV Concerto pour Clarinette et Orchestre by Jean Françaix.

Países Participantes

Semifinal

Final

Enlaces externos

 Página web oficial

Predecesor y sucesor

Referencias

Festival de Eurovisión de Jóvenes Músicos
Festivales de música de 2008
Austria en 2008
Cultura de Viena

Festival de Eurovisión de Jóvenes Músicos 2008


Dercylus es un  género de coleópteros adéfagos perteneciente a la familia Carabidae.

Especies
Comprende las siguientes especies:

 Dercylus alternans Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus anthracinus (Dejean, 1831)
 Dercylus ater Laporte De Castelnau, 1832
 Dercylus batesi Chaudoir, 1861
 Dercylus bolivianus Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus buckleyi Chaudoir In Oberthur, 1883
 Dercylus catenatus Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus chaudoiri Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus convexus Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus crenatus Schaum, 1860
 Dercylus gautardi Chaudoir, 1869
 Dercylus gibbosus Laferte-Senectere, 1851
 Dercylus heynei Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus infernus Laferte-Senectere, 1851
 Dercylus italoi Moret, 1999
 Dercylus licinoides (Perty, 1830)
 Dercylus mexicanus Bates, 1891
 Dercylus ohausi Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus opacus Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus punctatostriatus Chaudoir, 1869
 Dercylus puritanus Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus steinbachi Kuntzen, 1912
 Dercylus tenebricosus Moret & Bousquet, 1995

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Dercylus en ION

Dercylini

Dercylus


"Mary's Boy Child", også kendt som "Mary's Little Boy Child", er en amerikansk calypsojulesang skrevet af Jester Hairston i 1956 og oprindeligt indspillet af Harry Belafonte samme år.

Baggrund
Hairston skrev oprindeligt en calypso-sang til en fødselsdagsfest, hvor der skulle komme mange vestindere. Sangen kaldte han "He Pone and Chocolate Tea" ("pone" er en slags majsbrød). Da han senere af korlederen Walter Schumann blev bedt om at skrive en julesang til sit kor, kom Hairston i tanke om rytmen fra fødselsdagssangen og skrev nu en ny tekst til melodien.

Harry Belafonte hørte koret synge sangen og bad om lov til at indspille den. Det skete i 1956 med henblik på udgivelsen af et kommende album, An Evening with Belafonte (1957). Sangen blev også udsendt som single og nåede førstepladsen på den britiske hitliste i november 1957. Singlen var den første, der solgte mere end en million eksemplarer i Storbritannien - den har per 2017 solgt 1,18 millioner eksemplarer. I 1962 kom sangen også med på en genudgivelse af Belafontes album To Wish You a Merry Christmas.

Andre versioner
Sangen er indspillet af mange andre kunstnere. Den mest kendte udgave er uden tvivl disco-gruppen Boney M's version fra 1978, hvor de udgav den i et medley med "Oh My Lord". Denne udgave nåede også førstepladsen på den britiske hitliste og er en af de mest solgte julesange nogensinde i Storbritannien med 1,87 millioner eksemplarer i 2017.

 Mahalia Jackson (1956, som "Mary's Little Boy Child")
 Nina & Frederik (1957)
 Jim Reeves (1963)
 Andy Williams (1965) på albummet Merry Christmas og (1997) på We Need a Little Christmas
 Rolf Harris (1970)
 Boney M (1978, som "Mary's Boy Child – Oh My Lord")
 John Denver (1990) på albummet Christmas Like a Lullaby
 Tom Jones (1993) på David Fosters album The Christmas Album
 Carola (1999) på albummet Jul i Betlehem
 The Three Degrees (2001) på albummet The Three Degrees Christmas Collection

Desuden er sangen oversat til en række sprog og blandt andet indspillet af:
 Kikki Danielsson (1987 som "Det hände sig för länge sen") på albummet Min barndoms jular
 Tommy Körberg (1989 som "Himlens hämlighet") på albummet Julen är här
 Tarja Turunen (som "Marian poika")

Referencer

Sange fra 1956
Julesange

Mary's Boy Child


فرانسيسكو ميغليوري  (17 أبريل 1988 في أريتسو) لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى مونز البلجيكي في مركز الظهير الأيسر .

المسيرة الرياضية
بدأ ميغليوري مسيرته الرياضية ناشئا في نادي نيس كافيغليا ثم انتقل إلى نادي ليون سنة 2004 قضى فيه 4 مواسم حيث شارك بصفة أساسية مع الفريق الرديف في دوري الهواة . في صيف 2008 خضع لفترة تجربة في نادي مونز البلجيكي مما دعا إدارة النادي للتعاقد معه .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون إيطاليون مغتربون في بلجيكا
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في بلجيكا
رياضيون فرنسيون من أصل إيطالي
رياضيون من أريتسو
فرنسيون من أصل إيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي للمحترفين
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
لاعبو جنوى
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إيطاليون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم من أريتسو
لاعبو كرة قدم من توسكانا
لاعبو نادي سبيزيا
لاعبو نادي كريمونيسي
لاعبو نادي مونز
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1988
مواليد في أريتسو

فرانسيسكو ميغليوري


An Poa incrassata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Donald Petrie. An Poa incrassata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Poa

Poa incrassata


Príncipe Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah bin Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud (árabe: فيصل بن فرحان آل سعود, DMG Faiṣal b. Farḥān Āl Saʿūd; nascido em 1 de novembro de 1974 em Frankfurt am Main) é um diplomata e político da Arábia Saudita e membro da Casa de Saud. O príncipe Faisal é o atual embaixador saudita na Alemanha desde 27 de março de 2019. Ele também atua como ministro das Relações Exteriores da Arábia Saudita desde 23 de outubro de 2019, quando foi nomeado para esse cargo por um decreto real emitido pelo rei Salman. O príncipe Faisal nasceu em Frankfurt, na Alemanha Ocidental e passou parte de sua infância e juventude naquele país, razão pela qual fala alemão fluentemente, segundo a mídia alemã.

Início da vida e carreira política
O príncipe Faisal é membro da família real saudita. Filho do príncipe Farhan bin Abdullah Al Saud, ele nasceu em 1º de novembro de 1974 na Alemanha Ocidental e foi educado nos Estados Unidos.  Ele atuou como consultor na Embaixada da Arábia Saudita nos EUA de 2017 a 2019. Faisal ocupou altos cargos em empresas sauditas e internacionais, principalmente no setor aeroespacial e de armas. Ele era, pelo menos até sua nomeação como embaixador na Alemanha, diretor da empresa de armas Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI). Ele então trabalhou para o embaixador saudita nos Estados Unidos.

Como especialista na indústria de defesa, ele também presidiu uma joint venture EUA-Saudita com a empresa aeroespacial Boeing. O príncipe Faisal também atuou como conselheiro da Corte Real da Arábia Saudita.

Em novembro de 2017, a Arábia Saudita retirou seu então embaixador na Alemanha, Khalid bin Bandar bin Sultan Al Saud, em protesto a uma declaração feita por Sigmar Gabriel, então ministro das Relações Exteriores da Alemanha. Gabriel havia claramente criticado a influência ativa do reino na constelação do poder político no Líbano. Após quase um ano de crise diplomática e vacância do cargo de embaixador, a Arábia Saudita enviou seu embaixador de volta a Berlim, mas ele foi substituído por Faisal bin Farhan em 27 de março de 2019. Os dissidentes sauditas que vivem na Alemanha não ficaram satisfeitos com a nomeação de Faisal. O dissidente Khalid bin Farhan al-Saud, parente distante do novo embaixador, temia que o diplomata também pudesse pressionar representantes da oposição. Ele disse à Deutsche Welle que não descarta que Faisal bin Farhan tenha sido enviado à Alemanha para perseguir dissidentes sauditas que vivem no país. Faisal tem um bom relacionamento com o poderoso príncipe herdeiro do reino, Mohammed bin Salman.

Em 23 de outubro de 2019, foi nomeado Ministro das Relações Exteriores da Arábia Saudita.

Em 19 de agosto de 2020, o ministro das Relações Exteriores Faisal disse que o acordo de paz entre Israel e os Emirados Árabes Unidos pode ser visto como positivo, mas a Arábia Saudita não normalizaria as relações até que a paz fosse assinada com os palestinos, esperançosamente no âmbito da Iniciativa de Paz Árabe.

A Arábia Saudita pretende agendar uma quinta rodada de negociações diretas com o rival Irã, apesar da "falta de progresso substancial" nas rodadas anteriores, disse o ministro das Relações Exteriores do reino na Conferência de Segurança de Munique no sábado, 19 de fevereiro de 2022.

Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1974
Diplomatas da Arábia Saudita
Políticos da Arábia Saudita

Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud


Agrilus nitidus é uma espécie de inseto coleóptero polífago pertencente à família dos buprestídeos. É um dos representantes do gênero Agrilus.

Foi descrita formalmente pela primeira vez em meados de 1898, pelo entomólogo especialista em buprestídeos Charles Kerremans. Em um estudo filogenético molecular de revisão do grupo de espécies Agrilus occipitalis, realizado pelo entomólogo Eduard Jendek em 2013, a espécie seria ressucitada, não sendo, atualmente, considerada um sinônimo.

Referências

nitidus

Agrilus nitidus


تبعد زمورة حوالي ثلاثين كم عن البرج، عاصمة ولاية البرج. وزمورة تعتبر أقدم من الولاية ذاتها لانها تأسست قبل حوالي 700 سنة

ومن احيائها حي بوعزيزالعتيق وذراع حليمة والسويقة وبونصرو بولحاف والدهسة والغيل(تالاوزرو) وهناك اثار في منطقة الغيل (تالاوزرو) وفيها سجن منذ العهد الفرنسي الذي يسمى الكوليج.

مواضيع ذات صلة
 دوائر ولاية برج بوعريريج

مراجع

دوائر الجزائر
دوائر ولاية برج بوعريريج

دائرة برج زمورة


مقاطعة قرجيطة أو كَرُونِيَة أو لا كورونيا (بالإسبانية:La Coruña) هي مقاطعة إسبانية تقع في شمال غرب الدولة، تقع ضمن حدود منطقة جليقية. عاصمتها هي مدينة لا كورونيا، تنقسم المقاطعة إلى 94 بلدية.

الجغرافيا
تقع مقاطعة لا كورونيا في شمال غرب إسبانيا تحدها من الشمال المحيط الأطلسي، ومن الجنوب مقاطعة بونتيفيدرا، ومن الشرق مقاطعة لُك، ومن الغرب المحيط الأطلسي. تبلغ مساحة مقاطعة لا كورونيا 7.950 كم².

المناخ
يتميز مقاطعة لا كورونيا بمناخ محيطي، بدرجات الحرارة معتدلة وسقوط الأمطار الغزيرة والمستمرة طيلة السنة.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان مقاطعة لا كورونيا 1.145.488 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

فيما يلي قائمة أكبر البلديات من حيث عدد السكان:
 قرجيطة 246.028 نسمة
 شنت ياقب 95.207 نسمة
 فيرول 72.963 نسمة
 نارون 38.910 نسمة
 أوليروس 34.133 نسمة
 كاربايو 31.303 نسمة
 أرتيتشو 30.482 نسمة
 كويريدو 29.207 نسمة
 أميس 28.852 نسمة
 ريفيرا 27.699	نسمة

أعلام
 مانول كورنس

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لمقاطعة لا كورونيا
  الموقع الرسمي لإدارة السياحة في غاليسيا

قرجيطة (مقاطعة)


Sol Música es un canal español de televisión por internet dedicado a la música, producido por AMC Networks International Southern Europe, que comenzó sus emisiones en la televisión convencional a primeros de julio de 1997 y cerró el 13 de abril de 2023 a las 6:00 AM para ser sustituido por ¡Buen Viaje! en las plataformas de pago. Actualmente emite en Orange TV y Jazztel TV. (Dial 175)

Historia

Inicio de emisiones
Al comienzo de sus emisiones, el canal emitía música internacional, española y portuguesa, que fue cambiado cuando se separaron, dirigidos específicamente a los jóvenes de cada país. Sol Música Portugal dejó de emitir en enero de 2005 (siendo sustituido por The Biography Channel), quedando solo en emisión en exclusiva la versión española.

Diferentes rumbos del canal
Cerró sus emisiones el 13 de abril de 2023 a las 6:00 AM siendo su último videoclip del canal en las plataformas de pago "La ley" de Índigo para ser sustituido por el canal ¡Buen Viaje!, aunque, desde el 23 de marzo de 2023, se convirtió en un canal totalmente gratuito a través de su canal de YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter y a través de la web, en donde continúan sus emisiones aunque estas fueron interrumpidas el 1 de mayo de 2023 durante algunas horas pero fueron reaundadas rápidamente, el 29 de mayo de 2023 sus emisiones fueron interrumpidas ya no volvió de momento.

Primera época de pago
Hace varios años que el canal esta enfocado mayormente en ser una ventana para dar a conocer a los artistas de carácter poco comerciales y con estilos dentro de sus programas Top Sol, Sol Latino, Sol Indie y Sol Urban, así como el programa de entrevistas "A Solas". A su vez, Sol Música zztel TV.gunos contenido de música comercial, pero en mucha menor medida que otros canales musicales.

Streaming en redes sociales

Cuando el canal pasó a solo emitir por redes sociales, éste se convirtió en un bucle de entrevistas que había realizado el canal anteriormente.

Disponibilidad

España
El 28 de octubre de 2016 el canal abandonó el dial de Movistar+ por decisión de la propia plataforma.

El 2 de julio de 2019, Vodafone TV incorporó a su oferta la señal en alta definición del canal.

El 27 de marzo de 2020, Orange TV incorporó en el díal 74 la señal en alta definición de Sol Música.

El 14 de octubre de 2021, el canal volvió a incorporarse a Movistar+ en el dial 110, cinco años después de su retirada de la plataforma.

A partir del 23 de marzo de 2023, el canal pasó a estar disponible en YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter y a través de la web.

A partir del 12 de julio de 2023, el canal pasó a emitir en Samsung TV Plus.

El 22 de agosto de ese mismo año, vuelve al dial de Orange TV y jazztel TV

Logotipos

Véase también
¡Buen Viaje!
 Teuve
 AMC Networks International Southern Europe
 AMC
 Blaze
 Dark
 Crimen + Investigación
 Canal de Historia
 Canal Hollywood
 Canal Cocina
 Canal Panda
 Cinematk
 Decasa
 Odisea
 Panda Biggs
 Somos
 XTRM

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Canales de televisión por suscripción de España
Canales de televisión musicales
AMC Networks International Southern Europe

Sol Música


est un giallo italien réalisé par Alberto De Martino et sorti en 1971.

Synopsis
Un sénateur de l'état du Nouveau-Mexique (États-Unis) est assassiné devant sa maison. La police arrête un homme « aux yeux de glace » soupçonné du meurtre. Un journaliste italien interroge une effeuilleuse qui prétend avoir été une témoin directe du meurtre, mais il aperçoit avec le temps des incohérences dans sa déposition et commence à penser que la police s'est trompé de coupable.

Fiche technique
 Titre original italien :  ( « L'homme aux yeux de glace »)
 Réalisation : Alberto De Martino
 Scénario : Massimo De Rita, Adriano Bolzoni, ,
 Photographie : Gábor Pogány
 Montage :
 Musique : I Marc 4,
 Décors :
 Costumes : Osanna Guardini
 Maquillage : Vittoria Silvi
 Production : F.T. Gay, Giovanni Badessi
 Société de production : Cinegai
 Pays de production :
 Langue de tournage : italien
 Format : Couleur - 2,35:1 - Son mono - 35 mm
 Durée : 95 minutes ()
 Genre : Giallo
 Dates de sortie :
 Italie :

Distribution
 Antonio Sabàto : Eddie Mills
 Barbara Bouchet : Ann Saxe
 Victor Buono : John Hammond
 Keenan Wynn : Harry Davis, l'éditeur
 Faith Domergue :
 Corrado Gaipa : Isaac Thetman
 Nello Pazzafini : L'homme dans l'ascenseur (non crédité)
 Giovanni Petrucci
 Giuseppe Pollini (sous le nom de « Joe Pollini »)
 Bill Stevens
 James Smith
 Phil Mead
 Kurt Diamond

Production
Le film a été tourné à Albuquerque, Nouveau-Mexique aux États-Unis.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film italien sorti en 1971
Film réalisé par Alberto De Martino
Film scénarisé par Massimo De Rita
Film en italien
Giallo
Film policier italien
Film tourné à Albuquerque
Film se déroulant au Nouveau-Mexique

L'uomo dagli occhi di ghiaccio


Rugulopteryx okamurae é uma espécie de algas multicelulares pertencente ao género Rugulopteryx da família Dictyotaceae, originária das costas do Extremo Oriente (Japão, leste da China e Coreia), mas com tendência a tornar-se espécie invasora quando atinge águas temperadas.

Descrição
R. okamurae é uma espécie de alga castanha originária do Oceano Pacífico com distribuição natural nas costas do Japão, China e Coreia, sendo uma das quatro espécies conhecidas do género Rugulopteryx. No habitat natural vive a profundidades compreendidas entre 0,5 e 5 metros, alcançando ocasionalmente os 15 metros em águas muito transparentes. O epíteto específico homenageia o botânico e ficólogo japonês Kintaro Okamura (1867-1935).

O talo é castanho-amarelado quando os espécimes são jovens, escurecendo com o envelhecimento até ficar castanho escuro. Morfologicamente o talo é bifurcado (dicotómico), ou seja o talo ramifica-se no topo em dois ramos iguais. Os talos são erectos, crescendo preferencialmente sobre substrato duro nos fundos da zona eufótica, atingindo uma altura de cerca de 15 centímetros no leste da Ásia e um pouco menos no Mediterrâneo (apenas 5 centímetros no Étang de Thau). Estão descritas duas formas de crescimento, uma forma densamente ramificada e uma forma escassamente ramificada. A [[célula apical] lenticular é proeminente, com cerca de 55 μm de comprimento e uma largura de 85 μm. O talo apresenta três camadas celulares, com uma medula (medula), envolvida por duas camada de córtex. A medula é de camada única no centro, mas com progressivamente múltiplas camadas em direção aos bordos, de modo que o talo é mais espesso no bordo do que na seção intermédia. Cada estrutura cortical consiste em duas a três camadas de células. Da base do talo emanam fibras rastejantes que crescem de forma a desenvolver novo talos através de propagação vegetativa. A estrutura da alga é ancorada ao substrato por meio de rizóides filamentosos. Para além da multiplicação por fibras rastejantes, espécimes adventícios também podem ser formados no bordo dos talos vegetativos, formando por crescimento talos normais que se destacam e formam rizóides quando em contacto com o susbtrato.

Os esporângios da geração assexuada são formados em ambas as superfícies do talo achatado. Cada esporângio é uma estrutura esférica no extremo de uma haste curta formada por duas células, sem camada de involucral (são esporângios nus). Cada esporângio produz, alternativamente, um único esporo ou quatro esporos idênticos. Os gametófitos femininos da geração sexuada formam soros com 3 a 35 oogónios cada, os masculinos apresentam de 30 a 100 anterídios cada.

Ocorrência no Mediterrâneo e Atlântico
Fora do seu habitat natural Rugulopteryx okamurae foi encontrado pela primeira vez no Mar Mediterrâneo na primavera de 2002 na laguna conhecida por Étang de Thau, na costa mediterrânea ocidental do sul da França.  O Étang de Thau também é conhecido há muito tempo como ponto de introdução para outras criaturas marinhas do Pacífico, sendo que estas espécies terão provavelmente chegado como consequência de contaminação através de ostras procedentes do Japão (Crassostrea gigas) para aquicultura. Como o padrão de ramificação bifurcada característico (o mesmo, por exemplo, da espécie nativa Dictyota dichotoma) ocorre apenas em espécies do Pacífico, rapidamente ficou claro que deveria ser uma espécie introduzida. Naquela laguna, a alga cresce em fundo rochoso até uma profundidade de cerca de dois metros de abril a setembro. Como inicialmente ocorria apenas propagação vegetativa, a filiação à espécie foi determinada geneticamente.

A espécie espalhou-se rapidamente pelo Mediterrâneo Ocidental desde que apareceu pela primeira vez. Por volta de 2015, a espécie atingiu o Estreito de Gibraltar e, portanto, o Atlântico. Embora aparentemente só se possa espalhar vegetativamente nesta região e, portanto, não complete o seu ciclo de vida, a espécie tende a formar densas populações, que podem dominar por completo o habitat. Acresce que a espécie está bem protegida contra o ataque por herbívoros de pastoreio por um repelente químico, o diterpeno conhecido por dilkamural. Na reserva marinha do Jbel Musa, ao largo da costa africana do Estreito de Gibraltar, num só ano, a espécie tornou-se o colonizador dominante, às vezes cobrindo até 96% do fundo em profundidades de até 30 metros. Como resultado, as espécies de corais ameaçadas que costumavam ser comuns aqui (com exceção de uma espécie) diminuíram significativamente.

Em 2019 a espécie foi detetada na ilha de São Miguel, nos Açores, tendo já atingido as costas das ilhas do Grupo Central daquele arquipélago, onde age como infestante, com sério prejuízo para o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas da zona entremarés das ilhas. Forma grandes massas que se desprendem do fundo por ação da forte ondulação ali predominante, enclhando nas reentrâncias da costa onde o seu apodrecimento gera intenso mau cheiro.

A espécie está na Lista Negra de Espácies Invasoras da União Europeia desde 2022, o que implica a adoção de medidas obrigatórias de controlo e gestão da espécie. Trazer e retirar, transportar, manter, multiplicar e libertar são, portanto, proibidos.

Biologia e ciclo de cida
A espécie foi descrita pela primeira vez no Japão, ocorrendo nas águas costeiras asiáticas do noroeste do Pacífico. Na sua região de distribuição natural no leste asiático, especialmente nas costas da Península Coreana, Rugulopteryx okamurae é uma espécie comum na região da plataforma subtidal, a profundidades de  0,5 a 5 metros, ocorrendo ocasionalmente até aos 15 metros de profundidade. A espécie tem desenvolvimento máximo no verão, sendo que no inverno geralmente estão presentes apenas os filamentos rastejando aderentes ao substrato, dos quais brotam novos talos na primavera, ao mesmo tempo (a partir de maio) que os talos jovens se desenvolvem a partir da germinação de esporos. Os esporófitos são produzidos de junho a outubro, com máximo em setembro.

Taxonomia e sistemática
O nome da espécie foi introduzido como Dilophus okamurai em 1950 pelo naturalista e algalogista norte-americano Elmer Yale Dawson, sendo o epíteto específico posteriormente corrigido para okamurae. Dawson homenageou o ficologista japonês Kintaro Okamura (1867–1935), que ilustrou e descreveu a espécie sob o nome de Dictyota marginata na sua obra Iconografia das algas japonesas. O nome de Okamura é um homónimo mais jovem e, portanto, um nome ilegítimo, pelo que um nome substituto teve que ser encontrado. Pesquisas filogenómicas recentes, nas quais a relação entre espécies é examinada comparando sequências de DNA homólogas, revelaram posteriormente que a divisão da família Dictyotaceae em géneros teria que ser revista. Em consequência, Il-Ki Hwang e colegas colocaram a espécie no género Rugulopteryx em 2009, solução que foi amplamente aceite.

Posteriormente,o género Rugulopteryx foi reorganizado por Olivier de Clerck e Eric Coppejans em 2006 para incluir algumas espécies dos antigos géneros Dictyota e Dilophus. Na sua presente circunscrição taxonómica, o género Rugulopteryx tem descritas quatro espécies:
 Rugulopteryx marginata (J.Agardh) De Clerck & Coppejans C
 Rugulopteryx okamurae (E.Y.Dawson) I.K.Hwang, W.J.Lee & H.S.Kim C
 Rugulopteryx radicans (Harvey) De Clerck & Coppejans C
 Rugulopteryx suhrii (Kützing) De Clerck & Coppejans C

Referências

Ligações externas

Rugulopteryx okamurae. M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2021. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. www.algaebase.org, abgerufen am 21. Juni 2021.
Jörn Selling: Rugulopteryx okamurae, oder wie Ökosysteme kippen. Artikel, www.firmm.org, 23. August 2019
Soraya Fernandez: Rugulopteryx okamurae: The Invasive Seaweed from Asia. Artikel, www.reachextra.com, abgerufen am 21. Juni 2021.

Phaeophyceae
Algas castanhas
Espécies invasoras em Portugal

Rugulopterix okamurae


Blood Lust (littéralement ) est le deuxième album studio des Uncle Acid and the Deadbeats, publié en 2011 par Killer Candy Records, et plus tard par Rise Above Records.

Contexte et production
Kevin Starrs, membre d'Uncle Acid and the Deadbeats, a d'abord publié les chansons sur Myspace et YouTube où il eut des fans qui ont demandé la publication d'un album. Pour leur premier album, Volume 1, ils ont créé des copies CD-ROM de l'album et avec l'argent gagné pour ces sorties, le groupe a investi dans l'enregistrement de Blood Lust avec un meilleur équipement d'enregistrement. L'album a été enregistré dans le garage d'un ami de Starrs. Starrs a mentionné que le groupe . À la fin de l'enregistrement de cet album, les membres restants étaient seulement le batteur Itamar Rubinger et Starrs.

Publication
Comme pour l'album Vol. 1, Blood Lust est initialement sorti sous forme d'un album CD-R tiré à environ 100 exemplaires. Blood Lust a été réédité par Rise Above Records en 2011 en vinyle. L'album a été publié par Metal Blade Records le 20 novembre 2012.

Critique
Le critique d'AllMusic, Eduardo Rivadavia, s'est montré positif dans son évaluation de l'album, déclarant que .

Liste des titres

Composition du groupe

 Dean Millar : basse
 Itamar Rubinger : batterie
 Yotam Rubinger : guitare et chant
 Kevin Starrs : guitare solo, orgue, chant

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Blood Lust sur Discogs.

Album musical sorti en 2011

Blood Lust


Cette liste recense les législations de différents pays concernant le viol conjugal.

Généralités

De nombreux pays ont inscrit le viol conjugal dans le droit pénal. Au fil de l'histoire et jusque dans les années 1970, la plupart des États accordent à l'époux le droit d'avoir des rapports sexuels avec son épouse chaque fois qu'il le souhaite, dans le cadre du contrat de mariage. Toutefois, au  et surtout dans les années 1970, des groupes militant pour les droits des femmes démarrent le  et revendiquent le droit à disposer librement de leurs corps, y compris dans le mariage. Ces droits étant de plus en plus largement reconnus, le viol conjugal est progressivement inscrit dans le droit pénal : en 2019, 150 pays l'ont criminalisé. Dans certains cas, le viol conjugal est expressément criminalisé  dans d'autres cas, la législation n'établit pas de distinction selon que le viol est perpétré par le conjoint ou par une autre personne. Dans quelques pays, c'est la jurisprudence qui conduit à criminaliser le viol conjugal. En revanche, dans plusieurs États, la notion même de viol conjugal n'existe pas. Toutefois, dans quelques-uns des pays où le viol conjugal n'est pas réprimé en soi, comme en Malaisie, un époux peut être condamné s'il commet des violences contre son épouse en cherchant un rapport sexuel avec elle.

Législations

Notes et références

Viol

Législation sur le viol conjugal dans le monde


Barranquitas (, ) is a small mountain town and municipality located in the Cordillera Central region of Puerto Rico, south of Corozal and Naranjito; north of Coamo and Aibonito; west of Comerío and Cidra; and east of Orocovis. Barranquitas is spread over 6 barrios and Barranquitas Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Barranquitas is about one hour by winding roads from San Juan, the capital. It is nestled amid hills and mountains, and nearby, between Barranquitas and Aibonito, is the San Cristóbal Canyon; one of the deepest canyons in the West Indies. For years, the overlook was used as a municipal garbage; in the last decade, the refuse was removed and the site restored.

History

Barranquitas's local Taino Cacique was called Orocobix.

The town was founded in 1803 by Antonio Aponte Ramos.
Early in the 20th century, Barranquitas residents, known as Barranquiteños, had a short but legendary territory war with residents of the city of Comerío.

In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Barranquitas was 8,103.

Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017, triggered numerous landslides in Barranquitas with its significant amount of rainfall and its nearly category 5 winds. Many residents did not receive help for weeks after the hurricane made landfall as entry into the municipality was hampered by downed trees and telephone poles, landslides, and highways that had split in two.

In Barranquitas, up to 1000 homes, and its highways were destroyed by landslides. Forty days after the hurricane, none of Barranquitas' 29,000 residents had their electrical power restored. Barranquitas' agriculture industry was decimated with one farmer saying he'd lost his five thousand plantain trees,  apio, and other minor crops.

Scenes around Barranquitas after Hurricane María:

Geography
Barranquitas is a landlocked municipality in the middle of the Cordillera Central of Puerto Rico, the main mountain range that crosses the island from west to east. It is bordered by the municipalities of Corozal, Naranjito, Coamo, Aibonito, Orocovis, and Comerío. Barranquitas has a surface area of 34 square miles (88.4 km2).

The terrain is mostly mountainous. Some of the peaks found in the municipality are La Torrecilla and Farallón. Barranquitas is also the site of the San Cristóbal Canyon and Las Bocas Canyon.

Water features
Rivers of Barranquitas include the Río de Barranquitas, Río Grande de Manatí, Piñonas, Río Hondo, and Río Usabón.

There are 14 bridges in Barranquitas.

Barrios

Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Barranquitas is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a small barrio referred to as , near the center of the municipality.

 Barrancas
Barranquitas barrio-pueblo
 Cañabón
 Helechal
 Honduras
 Palo Hincado
 Quebrada Grande
 Quebradillas

Sectors
Barrios (which are like minor civil divisions) and subbarrios, in turn, are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.

Special Communities

 (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion.  A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Barranquitas: El Amparo neighborhood, Cañabón barrio, La Vega neighborhood, Calle Abajo (Calle Melitón Pérez), La Loma, La Torre, Los Pinos, Quebrada Grande barrio, and Tres Caminos.

Energy consortium
An Energy Consortium was signed in late February of 2019, by Villalba, Orocovis, Morovis, Ciales and Barranquitas municipalities. The consortium is the first of its kind on the commonwealth and intends to have these municipalities work together, to safeguard their communities, in the event of a catastrophe, by creating resilient, and efficient energy networks with backups.

Tourism

Landmarks
Barranquitas is the burial place of two prominent Puerto Rican politicians; Luis Muñoz Rivera (who was born in the town) and his son, Governor Luis Muñoz Marín (who was born in San Juan). This has made Barranquitas a popular tourist attraction among Puerto Ricans. The birthplace of Muñoz Rivera has been converted into a museum. The mausoleum of the Muñoz Rivera family is a place of interest. Among those buried there are Muñoz Rivera and his son and daughter-in-law, Luis Muñoz Marín, and his second wife Inés Mendoza de Muñoz.

Other known places of interest in Barranquitas are the San Cristóbal Canyon, Las Bocas Canyon, and the ruins of Hacienda Margarita. El Cortijo Castle is an old, historical structure, which is currently a museum. Camp Morton () is a popular spot for activities and retreats.

To stimulate local tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico, the Puerto Rico Tourism Company launched the Voy Turistiendo (I'm Touring) campaign in 2021. The campaign featured a passport book with a page for each municipality. The  Barranquitas passport page lists , , , and the , as places of interest.

Culture

Festivals and events

Barranquitas celebrates its patron saint festival in June. The  is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.

Other festivals and events celebrated in Barranquitas include:
 Apio Festival or  – April/May
 National Crafts Fair of Barranquitas – July and has been celebrated for over 50 years
 Viva Mi Calle Festival – November
 Lighting of Christmas Tree – December

Sports
Barranquitas doesn't have professional sports teams, but there are some amateur sports teams based in the city. The most popular amateur sport is baseball. The team of Barranquitas is known as the "Proceres" (is an adjective for an important person in history) due to the fact that the town has been the birthplace for many historical figures. The other popular sport is volleyball.

Economy

Agriculture

Some of the crops grown in Barranquitas include plantain, coffee, lemon, ají dulce, yam, and other fruits and vegetables. The main crop in Barranquitas is the apio. The apio is a root vegetable (from the legume Apios tuberosa / Apios Americana), and it is eaten like potatoes (not to be confused with celeriac).

Industry
Footwear and clothing is manufactured in Barranquitas.

Demographics

In 2020, the population of Barranquitas was 28,983 with 99.9% self-identifying as Hispanic or Latino, the highest of all Puerto Rico's municipalities.

Many of the Puerto Ricans born in the town are known to have light-colored eyes and have strong European features. Some also have a mestizo look. The Taíno and European immigrants intermarried and created what is called mestizo. The reason for this was the migration of many Taíno Indians during the Spanish colonization. Taínos often fled to the mountainous region to escape slavery. Many Spanish and other European immigrants moved to this region and settled as coffee growers.

Government

All municipalities in Puerto Rico are administered by a mayor, elected every four years. The current mayor of Barranquitas is Elliot Colon Blanco, of the New Progressive Party (PNP). He was elected at the 2018 primaries and the re-elected on General Elections of 2020.

The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district VI, which is represented by two senators.

Symbols
The  has an official flag and coat of arms.

Flag
The flag of the municipality consists of three horizontal stripes; white on the upper edge representing the silver enamel of the town's shield, green in the center representing the vegetation and yellow on the lower edge representing the gold enamel of the ravines of the San Cristóbal Canyon.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Barranquitas has silver, a canyon, two ravines, gold slopes, a tree, gold leaves, a bell and a crown. The ravines are reminders of the San Cristóbal Canyon, located in the territorial boundary of Barranquitas and Aibonito, a neighboring municipality. The yagrumo trees are characteristic of the high mountainous areas of Puerto Rico and symbolize the elevation of Barranquitas.

Education
The Interamerican University of Puerto Rico has a campus in Barranquitas.

All public schools in Puerto Rico are administered by the Puerto Rico Department of Education. The schools located in Barranquitas are the following:
Many of the schools in Barranquitas educate children on agriculture and cultivating crops.

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
History of Puerto Rico

References

Further reading

External links
 Puerto Rico Government Directory

Barranquitas, Puerto Rico
Municipalities of Puerto Rico
Energy in Puerto Rico

Barranquitas, Puerto Rico


In industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its inception through the engineering, design and manufacture, as well as the service and disposal of manufactured products. PLM integrates people, data, processes, and business systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterprises.

History
The inspiration for the burgeoning business process now known as PLM came from American Motors Corporation (AMC). The automaker was looking for a way to speed up its product development process to compete better against its larger competitors in 1985, according to François Castaing, Vice President for Product Engineering and Development. AMC focused its R&D efforts on extending the product lifecycle of its flagship products, particularly Jeeps, because it lacked the "massive budgets of General Motors, Ford, and foreign competitors." After introducing its compact Jeep Cherokee (XJ), the vehicle that launched the modern sport utility vehicle (SUV) market, AMC began development of a new model, that later came out as the Jeep Grand Cherokee. The first part in its quest for faster product development was computer-aided design (CAD) software system that made engineers more productive. The second part of this effort was the new communication system that allowed conflicts to be resolved faster, as well as reducing costly engineering changes because all drawings and documents were in a central database. The product data management was so effective that after AMC was purchased by Chrysler, the system was expanded throughout the enterprise connecting everyone involved in designing and building products. While an early adopter of PLM technology, Chrysler was able to become the auto industry's lowest-cost producer, recording development costs that were half of the industry average by the mid-1990s.

Forms
PLM systems help organizations in coping with the increasing complexity and engineering challenges of developing new products for the global competitive markets.

Product lifecycle management (PLM) should be distinguished from 'product life-cycle management (marketing)' (PLCM). PLM describes the engineering aspect of a product, from managing descriptions and properties of a product through its development and useful life; whereas, PLCM refers to the commercial management of the life of a product in the business market with respect to costs and sales measures.

Product lifecycle management can be considered one of the four cornerstones of a manufacturing corporation's information technology structure. All companies need to manage communications and information with their customers (CRM-customer relationship management), their suppliers and fulfillment (SCM-supply chain management), their resources within the enterprise (ERP-enterprise resource planning) and their product planning and development (PLM).

One form of PLM is called people-centric PLM. While traditional PLM tools have been deployed only on the release or during the release phase, people-centric PLM targets the design phase.

As of 2009, ICT development (EU-funded PROMISE project 2004–2008) has allowed PLM to extend beyond traditional PLM and integrate sensor data and real-time 'lifecycle event data' into PLM, as well as allowing this information to be made available to different players in the total lifecycle of an individual product (closing the information loop). This has resulted in the extension of PLM into closed-loop lifecycle management (CL2M).

Benefits
Documented benefits of product lifecycle management include:
 Reduced time to market
 Increase full-price sales
 Improved product quality and reliability
 Reduced prototyping costs
 More accurate and timely requests for quote generation
 Ability to quickly identify potential sales opportunities and revenue contributions
 Savings through the re-use of original data
 A framework for product optimization
 Reduced waste
 Savings through the complete integration of engineering workflows
 Documentation that can assist in proving compliance for RoHS or Title 21 CFR Part 11
 Ability to provide contract manufacturers with access to a centralized product record
 Seasonal fluctuation management
 Improved forecasting to reduce material costs
 Maximize supply chain collaboration

Overview of product lifecycle management
Within PLM there are five primary areas;
 Systems engineering (SE) is focused on meeting all requirements, primarily meeting customer needs, and coordinating the systems design process by involving all relevant disciplines. An important aspect of lifecycle management is a subset within Systems Engineering called Reliability Engineering.
 Product and portfolio management2 (PPM) are focused on managing resource allocation, tracking progress, planning for new product development projects that are in process (or in a holding status). Portfolio management is a tool that assists management in tracking progress on new products and making trade-off decisions when allocating scarce resources.
 Product design (CAx) is the process of creating a new product to be sold by a business to its customers.
 Manufacturing process management (MPM) is a collection of technologies and methods used to define how products are to be manufactured.
 Product data management (PDM) is focused on capturing and maintaining information on products and/or services through their development and useful life. Change management is an important part of PDM/PLM.

Note: While application software is not required for PLM processes, the business complexity and rate of change requires organizations to execute as rapidly as possible.

Introduction to development process
The core of PLM (product lifecycle management) is the creation and central management of all product data and the technology used to access this information and knowledge. PLM as a discipline emerged from tools such as CAD, CAM and PDM, but can be viewed as the integration of these tools with methods, people and the processes through all stages of a product's life. It is not just about software technology but is also a business strategy.

For simplicity, the stages described are shown in a traditional sequential engineering workflow.
The exact order of events and tasks will vary according to the product and industry in question but the main processes are:
Conceive
Specification
Concept design
Design
Detailed design
Validation and analysis (simulation)
Tool design
Realise
Plan manufacturing
Manufacture
Build/Assemble
Test (quality control)
Service
Sell and deliver
Use
Maintain and support
Dispose

The major key point events are:
Order
Idea
Kickoff
Design freeze
Launch

The reality is however more complex, people and departments cannot perform their tasks in isolation and one activity cannot simply finish, and the next activity start. Design is an iterative process, often designs need to be modified due to manufacturing constraints or conflicting requirements. Whether a customer order fits into the timeline depends on the industry type and whether the products are, for example, built to order, engineered to order, or assembled to order.

Phases of product lifecycle and corresponding technologies

Many software solutions have been developed to organize and integrate the different phases of a product's lifecycle. PLM should not be seen as a single software product but as a collection of software tools and working methods integrated together to address either single stages of the lifecycle or connect different tasks or manage the whole process. Some software providers cover the whole PLM range while others have a single niche application. Some applications can span many fields of PLM with different modules within the same data model. An overview of the fields within PLM is covered here. The simple classifications do not always fit exactly; many areas overlap and many software products cover more than one area or do not fit easily into one category. It should also not be forgotten that one of the main goals of PLM is to collect knowledge that can be reused for other projects and to coordinate the simultaneous concurrent development of many products. It is about business processes, people, and methods as much as software application solutions. Although PLM is mainly associated with engineering tasks it also involves marketing activities such as product portfolio management (PPM), particularly with regard to new product development (NPD). There are several life-cycle models in each industry to consider, but most are rather similar. What follows below is one possible life-cycle model; while it emphasizes hardware-oriented products, similar phases would describe any form of product or service, including non-technical or software-based products:

Phase 1: Conceive

Imagine, specify, plan, innovate
The first stage is the definition of the product requirements based on customer, company, market, and regulatory bodies' viewpoints. From this specification, the product's major technical parameters can be defined. In parallel, the initial concept design work is performed defining the aesthetics of the product together with its main functional aspects. Many different media are used for these processes, from pencil and paper to clay models to 3D CAID computer-aided industrial design software.

In some concepts, the investment of resources into research or analysis-of-options may be included in the conception phase – e.g. bringing the technology to a level of maturity sufficient to move to the next phase. However, life-cycle engineering is iterative. It is always possible that something does not work well in any phase enough to back up into a prior phase – perhaps all the way back to conception or research. There are many examples to draw from.

The new product development process phase collects and evaluates both market and technical risks by measuring KPI and scoring model.

Phase 2: Design

Describe, define, develop, test, analyze and validate
This is where the detailed design and development of the product's form starts, progressing to prototype testing, from pilot release to full product launch. It can also involve redesign and ramp for improvement to existing products as well as planned obsolescence.
The main tool used for design and development is CAD. This can be simple 2D drawing/drafting or 3D parametric feature-based solid/surface modeling. Such software includes technology such as Hybrid Modeling, Reverse Engineering, KBE (knowledge-based engineering), NDT (Nondestructive testing), and Assembly construction.

This step covers many engineering disciplines including mechanical, electrical, electronic, software (embedded), and domain-specific, such as architectural, aerospace, automotive, … Along with the actual creation of geometry, there is the analysis of the components and product assemblies. Simulation, validation, and optimization tasks are carried out using CAE (computer-aided engineering) software either integrated into the CAD package or stand-alone. These are used to perform tasks such as Stress analysis, FEA (finite element analysis); kinematics; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); and mechanical event simulation (MES). CAQ (computer-aided quality) is used for tasks such as Dimensional tolerance (engineering) analysis. Another task performed at this stage is the sourcing of bought-out components, possibly with the aid of procurement systems.

Phase 3: Realize

Manufacture, make, build, procure, produce, sell and deliver
Once the design of the product's components is complete, the method of manufacturing is defined. This includes CAD tasks such as tool design; including the creation of CNC machining instructions for the product's parts as well as the creation of specific tools to manufacture those parts, using integrated or separate CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) software. This will also involve analysis tools for process simulation of operations such as casting, molding, and die-press forming.

Once the manufacturing method has been identified, CPM comes into play. This involves CAPE (computer-aided production engineering) or CAP/CAPP (computer-aided production planning) tools for carrying out factory, plant and facility layout, and production simulation e.g. press-line simulation, industrial ergonomics, as well as tool selection management.

After components are manufactured, their geometrical form and size can be checked against the original CAD data with the use of computer-aided inspection equipment and software. Parallel to the engineering tasks, sales product configuration, and marketing documentation work takes place. This could include transferring engineering data (geometry and part list data) to a web-based sales configurator and other desktop publishing systems.

Phase 4: Service

Use, operate, maintain, support, sustain, phase-out, retire, recycle and disposal
Another phase of the lifecycle involves managing "in-service" information. This can include providing customers and service engineers with the support and information required for repair and maintenance, as well as waste management or recycling. This can involve the use of tools such as Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul Management (MRO) software.

An effective service consideration begins during and even prior to product design as an integral part of product lifecycle management. Service Lifecycle Management (SLM) has critical touchpoints at all phases of the product lifecycle that must be considered. Connecting and enriching a common digital thread will provide enhanced visibility across functions, improve data quality, and minimize costly delays and rework.

There is an end-of-life to every product. Whether it be the disposal or destruction of material objects or information, this needs to be carefully considered since it may be legislated and hence not free from ramifications.

Operational upgrades
During the operational phase, a product owner may discover components and consumables which have reached their individual end of life and for which there are Diminishing Manufacturing Sources or Material Shortages (DMSMS), or that the existing product can be enhanced for a wider or emerging user market easier or at less cost than a full redesign. This modernization approach often extends the product lifecycle and delays end-of-life disposal.

All phases: product lifecycle

Communicate, manage and collaborate
None of the above phases should be considered as isolated. In reality, a project does not run sequentially or separated from other product development projects, with information flowing between different people and systems. A major part of PLM is the coordination and management of product definition data. This includes managing engineering changes and release status of components; configuration product variations; document management; planning project resources as well as timescale and risk assessment.

For these tasks data of a graphical, textual, and meta nature – such as product bills of materials (BOMs) – needs to be managed. At the engineering departments level, this is the domain of Product Data Management (PDM) software, or at the corporate level Enterprise Data Management (EDM) software; such rigid level distinctions may not be consistently used, however, it is typical to see two or more data management systems within an organization. These systems may also be linked to other corporate systems such as SCM, CRM, and ERP. Associated with these systems are project management systems for project/program planning.

This central role is covered by numerous collaborative product development tools that run throughout the whole lifecycle and across organizations. This requires many technology tools in the areas of conferencing, data sharing, and data translation. This specialized field is referred to as product visualization which includes technologies such as DMU (digital mock-up), immersive virtual digital prototyping (virtual reality), and photo-realistic imaging.

User skills
The broad array of solutions that make up the tools used within a PLM solution-set (e.g., CAD, CAM, CAx...) were initially used by dedicated practitioners who invested time and effort to gain the required skills. Designers and engineers produced excellent results with CAD systems, manufacturing engineers became highly skilled CAM users, while analysts, administrators, and managers fully mastered their support technologies. However, achieving the full advantages of PLM requires the participation of many people of various skills from throughout an extended enterprise, each requiring the ability to access and operate on the inputs and output of other participants.

Despite the increased ease of use of PLM tools, cross-training all personnel on the entire PLM tool-set has not proven to be practical. Now, however, advances are being made to address ease of use for all participants within the PLM arena. One such advance is the availability of "role" specific user interfaces. Through tailorable user interfaces (UIs), the commands that are presented to users are appropriate to their function and expertise.

These techniques include:
 Concurrent engineering workflow
 Industrial design
 Bottom–up design
 Top–down design
 Both-ends-against-the-middle design
 Front-loading design workflow
 Design in context
 Modular design
 NPD new product development
 DFSS design for Six Sigma
 DFMA design for manufacture / assembly
 Digital simulation engineering
 Requirement-driven design
 Specification-managed validation
 Configuration management

Concurrent engineering workflow
Concurrent engineering (British English: simultaneous engineering) is a workflow that, instead of working sequentially through stages, carries out a number of tasks in parallel. For example: starting tool design as soon as the detailed design has started, and before the detailed designs of the product are finished; or starting on detailed design solid models before the concept design surfaces models are complete. Although this does not necessarily reduce the amount of manpower required for a project, as more changes are required due to incomplete and changing information, it does drastically reduce lead times and thus time to market.

Feature-based CAD systems have allowed simultaneous work on the 3D solid model and the 2D drawing by means of two separate files, with the drawing looking at the data in the model; when the model changes the drawing will associatively update. Some CAD packages also allow associative copying of geometry between files. This allows, for example, the copying of a part design into the files used by the tooling designer. The manufacturing engineer can then start work on tools before the final design freeze; when a design changes size or shape the tool geometry will then update.

Concurrent engineering also has the added benefit of providing better and more immediate communication between departments, reducing the chance of costly, late design changes. It adopts a problem-prevention method as compared to the problem-solving and re-designing method of traditional sequential engineering.

Bottom–up design
Bottom–up design (CAD-centric) occurs where the definition of 3D models of a product starts with the construction of individual components. These are then virtually brought together in sub-assemblies of more than one level until the full product is digitally defined. This is sometimes known as the "review structure" which shows what the product will look like. The BOM contains all of the physical (solid) components of a product from a CAD system; it may also (but not always) contain other 'bulk items' required for the final product but which (in spite of having definite physical mass and volume) are not usually associated with CAD geometry such as paint, glue, oil, adhesive tape, and other materials.

Bottom–up design tends to focus on the capabilities of available real-world physical technology, implementing those solutions to which this technology is most suited. When these bottom–up solutions have real-world value, bottom–up design can be much more efficient than top–down design. The risk of bottom–up design is that it very efficiently provides solutions to low-value problems. The focus of bottom–up design is "what can we most efficiently do with this technology?" rather than the focus of top–down which is "What is the most valuable thing to do?"

Top–down design
Top–down design is focused on high-level functional requirements, with relatively less focus on existing implementation technology. A top-level spec is repeatedly decomposed into lower-level structures and specifications until the physical implementation layer is reached. The risk of a top–down design is that it may not take advantage of more efficient applications of current physical technology, due to excessive layers of lower-level abstraction due to following an abstraction path that does not efficiently fit available components e.g. separately specifying sensing, processing, and wireless communications elements even though a suitable component that combines these may be available. The positive value of top–down design is that it preserves a focus on the optimum solution requirements.

A part-centric top–down design may eliminate some of the risks of top–down design. This starts with a layout model, often a simple 2D sketch defining basic sizes and some major defining parameters, which may include some Industrial design elements. Geometry from this is associatively copied down to the next level, which represents different subsystems of the product. The geometry in the sub-systems is then used to define more detail in the levels below. Depending on the complexity of the product, a number of levels of this assembly are created until the basic definition of components can be identified, such as position and principal dimensions. This information is then associatively copied to component files. In these files the components are detailed; this is where the classic bottom–up assembly starts.

The top–down assembly is sometimes known as a "control structure". If a single file is used to define the layout and parameters for the review structure it is often known as a skeleton file.

Defense engineering traditionally develops the product structure from the top down. The system engineering process prescribes a functional decomposition of requirements and then the physical allocation of product structure to the functions. This top down approach would normally have lower levels of the product structure developed from CAD data as a bottom–up structure or design.

Both-ends-against-the-middle design
Both-ends-against-the-middle (BEATM) design is a design process that endeavors to combine the best features of top–down design, and bottom–up design into one process. A BEATM design process flow may begin with an emergent technology that suggests solutions that may have value, or it may begin with a top–down view of an important problem that needs a solution. In either case, the key attribute of BEATM design methodology is to immediately focus on both ends of the design process flow: a top–down view of the solution requirements, and a bottom–up view of the available technology which may offer the promise of an efficient solution. The BEATM design process proceeds from both ends in search of an optimum merging somewhere between the top–down requirements, and bottom–up efficient implementation. In this fashion, BEATM has been shown to genuinely offer the best of both methodologies. Indeed, some of the best success stories from either top–down or bottom–up have been successful because of an intuitive, yet unconscious use of the BEATM methodology. When employed consciously, BEATM offers even more powerful advantages.

Front loading design and workflow
Front loading is taking top–down design to the next stage. The complete control structure and review structure, as well as downstream data such as drawings, tooling development, and CAM models, are constructed before the product has been defined or a project kick-off has been authorized. These assemblies of files constitute a template from which a family of products can be constructed. When the decision has been made to go with a new product, the parameters of the product are entered into the template model, and all the associated data is updated. Obviously, predefined associative models will not be able to predict all possibilities and will require additional work. The main principle is that a lot of the experimental/investigative work has already been completed. A lot of knowledge is built into these templates to be reused on new products. This does require additional resources "up front" but can drastically reduce the time between project kick-off and launch. Such methods do however require organizational changes, as considerable engineering efforts are moved into "offline" development departments. It can be seen as an analogy to creating a concept car to test new technology for future products, but in this case, the work is directly used for the next product generation.

Design in context
Individual components cannot be constructed in isolation. CAD and CAID models of components are created within the context of some or all of the other components within the product being developed. This is achieved using assembly modelling techniques. The geometry of other components can be seen and referenced within the CAD tool being used. The other referenced components may or may not have been created using the same CAD tool, with their geometry being translated from other collaborative product development (CPD) formats. Some assembly checking such as DMU is also carried out using product visualization software.

Product and process lifecycle management (PPLM)
Product and process lifecycle management (PPLM) is an alternate genre of PLM in which the process by which the product is made is just as important as the product itself. Typically, this is the life sciences and advanced specialty chemicals markets. The process behind the manufacture of a given compound is a key element of the regulatory filing for a new drug application. As such, PPLM seeks to manage information around the development of the process in a similar fashion that baseline PLM talks about managing information around the development of the product.

One variant of PPLM implementations are Process Development Execution Systems (PDES). They typically implement the whole development cycle of high-tech manufacturing technology developments, from initial conception, through development, and into manufacture. PDES integrates people with different backgrounds from potentially different legal entities, data, information and knowledge, and business processes.

Market size
After the Great Recession, PLM investments from 2010 onwards showed a higher growth rate than most general IT spending.

Total spending on PLM software and services was estimated in 2020 to be $26 billion a year, with an estimated compound annual growth rate of 7.2% from 2021 to 2028. This was expected to be driven by a demand for software solutions for management functions, such as change, cost, compliance, data, and governance management.

Pyramid of production systems

According to Malakooti (2013), there are five long-term objectives that should be considered in production systems:

 Cost: Which can be measured in terms of monetary units and usually consists of fixed and variable costs.
 Productivity: Which can be measured in terms of the number of products produced during a period of time.
 Quality: Which can be measured in terms of customer satisfaction levels for example.
 Flexibility: Which can be considered the ability of the system to produce a variety of products for example.
 Sustainability: Which can be measured in terms of ecological soundness i.e. biological and environmental impacts of a production system.

The relation between these five objects can be presented as a pyramid with its tip associated with the lowest Cost, highest Productivity, highest Quality, most Flexibility, and greatest Sustainability. The points inside of this pyramid are associated with different combinations of five criteria. The tip of the pyramid represents an ideal (but likely highly unfeasible) system whereas the base of the pyramid represents the worst system possible.

See also

 Application lifecycle management
 Building lifecycle management
 Cradle-to-cradle design
 Durable good
 Hype cycle
 ISO 10303 – Standard for the Exchange of Product model data
 Kondratiev wave
 Life cycle thinking
 Life-cycle assessment
 Product data record
 Product management
 Sustainable materials management
 System lifecycle
 Technology roadmap
 User-centered design

References

Further reading

External links

Brand management

Management cybernetics

Product lifecycle


Fıkıh (Arapça: فقه), anlayış, anlayış tarzı veya derinliği anlamına gelen kelime, terim olarak İslami kanunların teorik ve pratik uygulama (fetva) çalışmalarına verilen ismi ifade etmektedir.

Müslümanlar Allah tarafından indirildiğine ve Kur'an ve sünnette ortaya konulduğuna inandıkları şeriatı ulema tarafından kendilerine iletilen sorunlara getirmeye çalıştıkları cevaplar (Fetva) ve yapılan yorum çabaları (İctihad) genişletmişler, bu amaçla kaynakları, kural ve prensipleri tespit etmeye çalışmışlardır.

Fıkıhla ilgilenen kişiye fakih denir.

Etimoloji ve kavramlar
Fıkıh, Arapça kökenli bir sözcüktür. "Bir şeyin özünü ve inceliklerini kavramak" anlamındadır. Kur'an'da da bir bilimden çok "ince anlayış, keskin idrak ve konuşanın amacını anlamak" anlamlarında kullanılmıştır. "Fakih" ise "bir şeyi iyi bilen, iyi anlayan kimse" demektir. Çoğulu "fukaha"dır. Fakih kelimesinin İslam ilimlerindeki terim anlamı ise tarih içerisinde fıkıh kelimesinin değişen manası ile paralel olarak değişikliğe uğramıştır.

Fıkıhcılar insan davranışlarını kategorize ederek onlara Farz, vacip, sünnet, müstehap, mübah, mekruh, haram gibi etiketler vermişlerdir. Fıkıhta fetva dilinde sık kullanılan diğer terimler ise Zeyd (x kişisi), yecüzü (caizdir, uygundur), la yecüzü (caiz değildir, uygun değildir) gibi deyimlerdir.

Giriş
İslam'da Peygamber Muhammed sonrasında dini kuralların belirlenmesi ve şekillendirilmesi amacıyla yola çıkan ulemanın, günün şartları ve getirdiği yeni problemler karşısında Şeriat hükümlerinin ortaya çıkartılması veya bu konularda hüküm konulmamış ise yeni hükümlerin, konulmuş olan eski hükümlere kıyasla konulabilmesi gibi, ictihad (hüküm tesis etme) ve kurallar koyma çalışmaları yapılmıştır.

Tesis edilen hükümlerin delilleri ile birlikte bilinebilmesi ve aynı delillere dönük eleştiri ve yeni yorumlar yapılabilmesi, farklı anlayışların ve fıkıh mezheplerinin oluşumuna yol açmıştır. Müslümanlar arasında Şeriat'ın aksine fıkıh kutsallık içermez ve farklı ve birbirini kıyasıya eleştiren mezhepler (İslam dini fıkıh mezhepleri) değişik coğrafya ve topluluklar arasında yaygınlaşır.

Fıkıh üç ana kısma ayrılır: 1. Muamelat (İşlemler) ve 2. Ukubat (Yaptırımlar / Cezalar) ve 3. İbadat (ibadetler). Giderek yaygınlaşan "İslam Hukuku" ifadesi ile de aslında Fıkıh içerisindeki Muamelat ve Ukubat alanları kastedilmektedir. Günümüzde laik eğilimlerin artması ile Fıkıh özellikle ibadetlerle ilgili bir alan görünümü oluşturmaktadır.

Hukuk dalları
İbadat (ibadetler) alanı ayrı tutulduğunda İslam Hukuku iki ana dala ayrılır: Muamelat (İşlemler) ve Ukubat (Yaptırımlar / Cezalar).

İbadat (ibadetler) alanı Fıkıh içerisinde yer almakla birlikte hukukun ilgi alanı içerisine girmediği için ayrı bir kategori olarak değerlendirilir. Yani bu alanın hukuktan ayrılması eğilimi söz konusudur. Münakahat (nikah, aile hukuku) ise Osmanlı döneminde Mecelle ile birlikte eklenmiş ancak sınıflandırmada genel kabul görmemiştir.

Fıkıh usulü

Fıkıh usulü İslami kural ve kanunların teorik çalışmalar kısmını oluşturur. Bu kapsamda bir konu ile ilgili kaynakların neler olduğu veya olabileceği ile ilgili görüşlerin ortaya konması, değerlendirilmesi, ayet ve hadislerin konu ile ilgili açık bir hüküm ifade edip etmediğinin tartışılması, ayet ve hadislerin bağlam, kapsam, istisna, mutlakiyet vb. açılarından değerlendirilmesi, birbiri ile çelişen kaynakların uyumlulaştırılması veya hangisinin tercih edileceği gibi konularla ilgilenir.

Fıkhın 4 asli kaynağı vardır: Kur'an, Hadis, İcma, Kıyas. Bunların dışında fer'i denilen kaynakları vardır ki onlardan bazıları şunlardır: istihsân, istislah, İstishâb, örf, Şeriatü men kablena, Mesalih-i mürsele Seddi zerai. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda uygulandıktan ve bu imparatorluk dağıldıktan sonra oluşan İslam dinine mensup ülkelerde uygulanmaktadır.

İslam Hukuk Usulü (Yöntemi) ana kaynakalar (Kuran ve Sünnet) dışında özetle şu şekilde kullanılır:

1. İcma: Görüşleri toplamak, görüş birliğine varmak.

2. Kıyas: Benzer örnekleri karşılaştırma yoluyla sonuç çıkarma. Sorunu çözerken ona çok benzeyen önceki örnek olaylardan yararlanılır (Örnekseme).

Uygulamada İslam dünyasında özellikle ibadetler konusunda duruma özel birçok ifade genelleştirilerek yaygınlık ve devamlılık kazanmıştır. Bu durumun Kurban ibadeti ve hicap uygulaması gibi örnekleri bulunmaktadır. Bir başka örnek ise fıkıh tanımlarına göre açık ve tartışmasız olması gereken farz ve haram gibi kavramların içeriğinin mezheplere göre farklılıklar göstermesidir.

Tarihçe
İslamiyetin ilk devirlerinde islam dini ile ilgili bütün çalışma ve tartışmalar fıkıh disiplini altında yapılmaktaydı. Daha sonra fıkıh, Hicri 1. asırda (Miladi 7.- 8. yüzyıllar) sadece ameli yani eylemsel konulara has kılınan, İslam hukuku olarak ayrı bir ilim haline geldi. Fıkhın metodolojisi anlamına gelen Fıkıh Usûlü müctehidin (yani dinde hüküm verebilecek şahsın) şer'î hükümleri tafsili (açıklayıcı) delillerinden çıkarmasına yarayan kurallar bütünüdür. Fıkıh usûlü açısından elimize ulaşan ilk eser hicri 2. yüzyılda İmam Şafii'nin Er-Risale fil-Usul adlı eseridir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Şeriat
 Fıkıh usûlü
 İslam dini fıkıh mezhepleri

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 İSLÂM HUKUKUNUN DEĞERİ, Kemal Gözler, 2019

İslam hukuku
İslam hukuku terimleri
İslam ilahiyatı
İslam ilimleri
Arapçadan Türkçeye geçen sözcükler

Fıkıh


was a village located in Miyako District, Okinawa, Japan. It was home to the Ueno German Culture Village.

As of 2003, the village has an estimated population of 3,236 and a density of 170.5 persons per km². The total area was 18.98 km².

On October 1, 2005, Ueno, along with the city of Hirara, and the towns of Gusukube, Irabu and Shimoji (all from Miyako District), was merged to create the city of Miyakojima.

Dissolved municipalities of Okinawa Prefecture

Ueno, Okinawa


Butovskajalinjen (, ) er en af Moskvas metros linjer.

Butovskajalinjen er et eksperiment i anlæggelsen af hurtig transit i områder, hvor tunnelboring anses dyrt og upraktisk. Tidligere blev der gjort forsøg på at bygge linjer på jordoverfladen, men Filjovskajalinjen viste, at de barske russiske vintre og besættelsen af den store mængde af nyttige jord, gør sådanne projekter upraktiske. Imidlertid var der behov for hurtige transport forbindelser til de nye bydele i udkanten af byen, især dem uden for ringvejen MKAD. Da tunnelboring var for dyr, blev de nye metrolinjer planlagt til at være over jorden siden slutningen af 1980'ern af Moskva metros designbureau. Der blev således udviklet en række projekter, der skulle skabe hurtigtransport udover MKAD, hvor af Juzjnoje Butovo okrug blev det første.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Etableret i 2003

Butovskajalinjen


Ishikawa may refer to:

Concepts
Ishikawa diagram, cause-and-effect diagram, developed by Kaoru Ishikawa

Places
Ishikawa Prefecture, a prefecture in the Chūbu region on Honshū island, Japan
Ishikawa District, Ishikawa, a former district in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
Ishikawa District, Fukushima, a district in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
Ishikawa, Fukushima, town in Ishikawa District, Fukushima Prefecture
Ishikawa, Okinawa, a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
Ishikawa (restaurant), a Michelin 3-star sushi restaurant in Shinjuku, Tokyo Japan

People
Ishikawa (surname)
Ishikawa clan, a Japanese clan mainly active during the Sengoku Period

Ishikawa


Coucher de soleil est une sculpture d'Alain Girelli réalisée en 1983.

Historique

En 1983, Alain Girelli reçoit de la société Escota, la commandes d'une sculpture monumentale en bois imputrescible qu'il nomme Soleil couchant pour l'aire de Jas Pellicot de l'autoroute A8.

Notes et références

Sculpture française du XXe siècle

Coucher de soleil (sculpture)


5313 Nunes este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
5313 Nunes este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla de Henri Debehogne. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,22 ua, o excentricitate de 0,12 și o înclinație de 4,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 5001-6000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1982
Centura de asteroizi

5313 Nunes


ජිහාද්' යන අරාබි වචනයේ මුල් පද අක්ෂර වන්නේ ජ-හ-ද යන්නය. ප‍්‍රයත්නය, වෑයම, ආයාසය, උත්සාහය යන තේරුම් ගෙන දේ. ජිහාදයේ අනු ප‍්‍රභේද කිහිපයක් ඉස්ලාමීය විද්වතුන් විසින් විස්තර කොට ඇතත් බහුතරයේ මතය අනුව එහි ප‍්‍රභේද තුනක් ඇති බව පිළිගෙන ඇත.
 චෛතසිකයෙන් කරන්නාවූ ජිහාදය (චිත්ත පාරිශුද්ධිය උදෙසා අකුසලයට නැඹුරුවූ හැඟීම් සමඟ කරන්නාවූ චෛතිසික අරගලය.)
 ශරීරය හා වස්තුව උපයෝගි කරගෙන කරන්නාවූ ජිහායද. (සාමය හා යුක්තිය ස්ථාපිත කිරීම වැනි යහ අරමුණකින් කරන්නා වූ සටනකට සහභාගිවීම, තම ශරීරය වෙහෙසා අල්ලාහ්ගේ තෘප්තිය වෙනුවෙන් කටයුතු කිරීම, තම වස්තුව අල්ලාහ්ගේ මඟෙහි යහ විපාක අපේක්ෂාවෙන් වියදම් කිරීම. මෙහි සඳහන් සටන ජිහාදයක් බවට පත්වන්නේ ලිපියකින් තව තම මතයට පටහැනි අයෙකුට මරණ තර්ජන ඉදිරිපත්වීම නොවේ. එය ඉස්ලාමීය රාජ්‍යයක් හෝ ඉස්ලාමීය නායකයෙකුගේ හෝ මුලිකත්වයෙන් අයුක්තියර එරෙහිව සාමුහිකව කරන්නාවූ ක්‍රියාවකි.)
 දිව උපයෝගි කරගෙන කරන්නාවූ ජිහාදය. (සත්‍යය අන් අයට පැහැදිලි කරදීමට හා යහමඟට ජනයාව ආරාධනා කරන්නට කරන්නා වූ පැහැදිලි කිරීම් ආදිය.)

ජිහාඩ් වදනේ උපත සහ අර්ථය

ජිහාඩ් වදනේ භාවිතයන්

කුඩා හා විශාල ජිහාඩ් අතර වෙනස

ශේෂ්තටම ජිහාඩය

අධ්‍යාත්මික ජිහාඩය

විවිධ මුස්ලිම් කණ්ඩායම් විසින් ජිහාඩ් දකින අයුරු

අහමඩියා

කුරාණවාදීන්

සුන්නි

සුෆික්

අතීතය

මුල්කාලීන

මුස්ලිම් සහෝදරත්වය

සැඳහුම

උපුටා දැක්වීම

ජිහාඩ්

ජිහාද්


Mythimna albipuncta es una polilla de la familia Noctuidae. Se distribuye en toda Europa.

Tiene una envergadura de 30 a 35 mm. La longitud de las alas anteriores varía de 14 a 17 mm. La envergadura es de 36 a 44 mm.

El adulto se encuentra principalmente en agosto y septiembre, aunque existen registros de junio a octubre.

La larva se alimenta de varias gramíneas. La especie pasa el invierno como oruga.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

albipuncta
Lepidópteros de Europa
Insectos descritos en 1775
Taxones descritos por Michael Denis
Taxones descritos por Ignaz Schiffermüller

Mythimna albipuncta


Die Romanian International 2006 fanden in Timișoara vom 23. bis zum 26. März 2006 statt. Der Referee war Lajos Csanda aus Ungarn. Das Preisgeld betrug 5.000 US-Dollar. Es war die 8. Austragung dieser internationalen Meisterschaften von Rumänien im Badminton.

Austragungsort
 Complexul Sportiv Banu Sport, FC Ripensia Street 33

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks
 badminton.de

2006
Badminton 2006
Badmintonwettbewerb in Timișoara
EBU Circuit 2005/06

Romanian International 2006


Slick war eine Punk-Band aus Berlin. Ihr Stil war Punk und Grunge.

Geschichte
Arne Gesemann gründete 1980 das MC Vertriebslabel Chaos Record und dann in Berlin Trash City Records Berlin. Bis 1995 arbeitete er bei Vielklang und betreibt jetzt das Plattenlabel Noisolution.

Arne Gesemann spielte vorher bei The Thrilling Tortures, Ali Pohl spielte von 1985 bis 1992 bei Rattlesnake Man.

Ihre erste Single veröffentlichte die Band auf Trash City Records. Sie spielten zusammen ca. 300 Konzerte und waren mit The Bates, Chokebore und Spongehead auf Tour. Als Support spielten sie unter anderem für Turbonegro, Supersuckers und Dead Moon.

Diskografie

Alben
 1995: Slick (Subway Records)
 1997: Electric Bäbyländ (Subway Records)
 XXXX: Church of Holy

Singles und EP
 1993: Coron Overdrive (Trash City Records Berlin, TCR 08)
 1994: Meat (Jukkim Record - Finnland, JUMI-003)
 1997: Extrem Mix (Subway Records)

Sampler
 1993: Trashmash II - Suck (Trash City Records, TCR 09)
 1995: Bitte Lächeln - Goodbye (Dizzy Hornet Records, DHR 04)
 1995: Tomorrow's Pebbles Today! Box Set auf CD2 - Stay Away (Twang Records Berlin)

Soundtrack
 1993 zum Film Trouble "Hidden track" (Indigo)

Weblinks

Deutsche Band
Band (Berlin)
Deutschpunk-Band

Slick (Band)


An Dendrobium lacteum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Dendrobium lacteum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dendrobium

Dendrobium lacteum


Idrætshøjskolen Aarhus er en dansk folkehøjskole, beliggende ved Vejlby/Risskov Centret i Aarhus.

Historie
Idrætshøjskolen Aarhus blev grundlagt af Idrætsklubben Skovbakken i 1968, og den 1. oktober 1970 kunne man tage imod første elevhold, i bygninger tegnet af Friis og Moltke. Højskolen udbyder en verden af idræt, musik og kultur.

IHÅ udbyder lange kurser på 18 eller 22 uger og korte kurser á en uge i sommerferien - bl.a. Familiehøjskole og sommerhøjskole for voksne og unge med særlige behov.

IHÅ ligger tæt på strand, skov og hav, samt har rådighed over fantstiske faciliteter i form af haller, beachbaner, tennisbaner, kunstgræsbaner, svømmehal, fitnesslokale, dansesal og meget andet.

Idrætsfag: Fodbold, Fitness, Håndbold, Volley, Triatlon, Dans, TeamGym, Outdoor, Tennis, Surf, Badminton, Basketball.

Galleri

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Idrætshøjskolen Århus' officielle websted

Folkehøjskoler i Danmark
Idrætshøjskole
Etableret i 1970

Idrætshøjskolen Aarhus