Fighting is an established tradition in North American ice hockey, with a long history that involves many levels of amateur and professional play and includes some notable individual fights. Fights may be fought by enforcers, or "goons" ()—players whose role is to fight and intimidate—on a given team, and are governed by a system of unwritten rules that players, coaches, officials, and the media refer to as "the code". Some fights are spontaneous, while others are premeditated by the participants. While officials tolerate fighting during hockey games, they impose a variety of penalties on players who engage in fights.

Unique among North American professional team sports, the National Hockey League (NHL) and most minor professional leagues in North America do not eject players outright for fighting (although they may do so for more flagrant violations as part of a fight) but major European and collegiate hockey leagues do, and multi-game suspensions may be added on top of the ejection. Therefore, the vast majority of fights occur in the NHL and other North American professional leagues.

Physical play in hockey, consisting of allowed techniques such as checking and prohibited techniques such as elbowing, high-sticking, and cross-checking, is linked to fighting. Although often a target of criticism, it is a considerable draw for the sport, and some fans attend games primarily to see fights. Those who defend fighting in hockey say that it helps deter other types of rough play, allows teams to protect their star players, and creates a sense of solidarity among teammates. The debate over allowing fighting in ice hockey games is ongoing. Despite its potentially negative consequences, such as heavier enforcers (or "heavyweights") knocking each other out, administrators at the professional level have no plans to eliminate fighting from the game, as most players consider it essential. Most fans and players oppose eliminating fights from professional hockey games, but considerable opposition to fighting exists, and efforts to eliminate it continue.

History
Fighting has been a part of ice hockey since the sport's rise in popularity in 19th century Canada. There are a number of theories behind the integration of fighting into the game; the most common is that the relative lack of rules in the early history of hockey encouraged physical intimidation and control. Other theories include the poverty and high crime rates of local Canada in the 19th century. There was also an influence from working-class lacrosse players, who transitioned to ice hockey when lacrosse adopted an amateur-only policy in Canada, and who were accustomed to a violently aggressive form of play. The implementation of some features, such as the blue lines in 1918, actually encouraged fighting due to the increased level of physical play. Creation of the blue lines allowed forward passing, but only in the neutral zone. Therefore, puck handlers played at close quarters and were subject to a great deal of physical play. The emergence of enforcers, who protected the puck handlers and fought when necessary, followed shortly thereafter.

In 1922, the NHL introduced Rule 56, which formally regulated fighting, or "fisticuffs" as it was called in the official NHL rulebook. Rather than ejecting players from the game, as was the practice in amateur and collegiate hockey, players would be given a five-minute major penalty. Rule 56 and its language also filtered down to the minor professional and junior leagues in North America. Promoters such as Tex Rickard of Madison Square Garden, who also promoted boxing events, saw financial opportunities in hockey fights and devised marketing campaigns around the rivalries between various team enforcers.

In the current NHL rulebook, the archaic reference to "fisticuffs" has been removed; fighting is now governed under Rule 46 in the NHL rulebook. Referees are given considerable latitude in determining what exactly constitutes a fight and what penalties are applicable to the participants. Significant modifications from the original rule involve penalties which can be assessed to a fight participant deemed to have instigated the fight and additional penalties resulting from instigating a fight while wearing a face-shield.

Although fighting was rarer from the 1920s through the 1960s, it was often brutal in nature; author Ross Bernstein said of the game's early years that it "was probably more like rugby on skates than it was modern hockey." Star players were also known to fight for themselves during the Original Six era, when fewer teams existed than in later years. However, as the NHL's expansion in the late 1960s created more roster spots and spread star players more widely throughout the league, enforcers (who usually possess limited overall skill sets) became more common. Multiple fights during the era received significant media attention. In an NHL preseason game between the Boston Bruins and St. Louis Blues in 1969, Bruins defenceman Ted Green and Blues left wing Wayne Maki engaged in a bloody stick-swinging fight. The fight, initiated by Maki, resulted in Green sustaining a skull fracture. In 1978, World Hockey Association Birmingham Bulls enforcer Dave Hanson, known for his 11-year professional career, fought Hall of Famer Bobby Hull and in the process got Hull's wig caught in his knuckles. The incident landed Hanson in the news, and irate Winnipeg fans attempted to assault him on his way out of the arena.  Hanson appeared in the 1977 movie Slap Shot, a comedy about hockey violence.

The rise of the "Broad Street Bullies" in the 1973–74 and 1974–75 Philadelphia Flyers served as an example for future NHL enforcers. The average number of fights per game rose above 1.0 during the 1980s, peaking at 1.17 in 1983–84. That season, a bench-clearing brawl broke out at the end of the second period of a second-round playoff matchup between the Quebec Nordiques and the Montreal Canadiens. A second bench-clearing brawl erupted before the third period began, provoked by the announcement of penalties; a total of 252 penalty minutes were incurred and 11 players were ejected. This game is commonly referred to as the Good Friday Massacre.

North American competitive amateur leagues serve as a training ground and emulate the practices and conduct of professional leagues. Around age 12 players begin to be chosen for size and toughness, play becomes rough, and less-violent players drop out in large numbers. 34% of Toronto amateur skaters aged 12–21 reported being in at least one fist-fight during the 1975–76 season with the likelihood of fighting increasing with player age and competitive level. Coaches of the time trained players to fight in self-defence or against players who commit flagrant fouls. Players did not consider fist-fights to be , reserving this term for acts which were more likely to cause injury. Among professional players, those who refused to fight were seen as untrustworthy and a challenge to team morale and such players could gain a reputation for being easily intimidated. Those who fought excessively were seen as displaying a lack of judgement and "game sense".

Many NHL teams signed enforcers to protect and fight for smaller offensive stars. Fights in the 1990s included the Brawl in Hockeytown in 1997, in which the Colorado Avalanche and Detroit Red Wings engaged in nine fights, including bouts between Darren McCarty and Claude Lemieux and goaltenders Patrick Roy and Mike Vernon. The following year, a game between the Avalanche and Red Wings involved a fight between goaltenders Chris Osgood and Roy after which they received minor, major, and game misconduct penalties. In 2004, a Philadelphia Flyers – Ottawa Senators game resulted in five consecutive brawls in the closing minutes of the game, including fights between many players who are not known as enforcers and a fight between Flyers goaltender Robert Esche and Senators goaltender Patrick Lalime. The game ended with an NHL record 419 penalty minutes, and an NHL record 20 players were ejected, leaving five players on the team benches. The officials took 90 minutes to sort out the penalties that each team had received.
{| cellpadding="1" border="0" style="float: right; margin: 0em 0em 1em 1em; width: 175px; border: 1px #bbbbbb solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 85%;"
|- align="center" bgcolor=#CDC0B0
! colspan="2" | Hockey fights per NHL season
|- align="center" bgcolor=#EEDFCC
| Season        || # of fights
|- align="center" bgcolor=#FFFFFF
| 2014–15 || 391
|- align="center" bgcolor=#FFFFFF
| 2013–14 || 469
|- align="center" bgcolor=#FFFFFF
| 2012–13 || 347*
|- align="center" bgcolor=#FFFFFF
| 2011–12 || 546
|- align="center" bgcolor=#FFFFFF
| 2010–11 || 645
|- align="center" bgcolor=#FFFFFF
| 2009–10 || 714
|- align="center" bgcolor=#FFFFFF
| 2008–09 || 734
|- align="center" bgcolor=#FFFFFF
| colspan="2" align="center" | Source:*Lockout shortened year|}
By 2009–10, the number of fights in the NHL declined to .58 per game. A further decrease in the frequency of fighting happened over the next five seasons. The 2014–15 season had 0.32 fights per game, as teams placed a greater emphasis on skating ability and fewer young players became enforcers.

Rules and penalties

Rules of the NHL, the North American junior leagues, and other North American professional minor leagues punish fighting with a five-minute major penalty. What separates these leagues from other major North American sports leagues is that they do not eject players simply for participating in a fight. However, fighting is frequently punishable by ejection in European leagues and in Olympic competition.

The rulebooks of the NHL and other professional leagues contain specific rules for fighting. These rules state that at the initiation of a fight, both players must definitely drop their sticks so as not to use them as a weapon. Players must also "drop" or shake off their protective gloves to fight bare-knuckled, as the hard leather and plastic of hockey gloves would increase the effect of landed blows. Players should not remove their own helmet before engaging in a fight due to risk of head injury or else both of the opposing players get an extra two penalty minutes. Players must also heed a referee warning to end a fight once the opponents have been separated. Failure to adhere to any of these rules results in an immediate game misconduct penalty and the possibility of fines and suspension from future games. In the NHL, when a player is fined, his lost pay goes towards the NHL emergency assistance fund. A fined coach's lost pay goes to the NHL Foundation.

North American professional leagues

In the NHL, American Hockey League (AHL), ECHL, Southern Professional Hockey League, and other notable minor leagues, officials punish combatants with five-minute major penalties for fighting (hence the phrase "five for fighting"). A player is automatically ejected and suspended if the player tries to leave the bench to join a fight, or for using weapons of any kind (such as using a skate to kick an opponent, using a stick to hit an opponent, wrapping tape around one's hands, or spitting), as they can cause serious injury. A player who receives two instigator penalties or participates in three fights in a single game is also ejected automatically. Furthermore, his coach can be suspended up to ten games for allowing players to leave the bench to join a fight.

A player who commits three major penalties (including fighting) during a game is automatically ejected, suspended, and fined. A player ejected for three major penalties in a game, or for use of weapons, cannot be replaced for five minutes. In 2003, the ECHL added an ejection, fine, and suspension of an additional game for any player charged as an instigator of a fight during the final five minutes of the third period or any overtime. The NHL and AHL adopted the rule in 2005–06, and the NHL includes a fine against the ejected player's head coach.  In 2014, the AHL added a major penalty counter.  A player who commits ten major penalties for fighting is suspended one game, and will be suspended one game on each such penalty for his 11th to 13th, and two games for his 14th and further penalties.  If the opposing fighter is also charged with an instigator penalty, the fighting major will not count towards suspension.

In 2023, the ECHL toughened the game misconduct penalty leading to ejection.  The ejection penalty will now be assessed for two fighting majors in the same game, unless another player in the fight commits an instigator penalty or if the fight occurs during or shortly after a face-off.

Collegiate, European, and Olympic

In Division I and Division III National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) hockey, the fighters are given a Game Disqualification, which is an ejection from the game and a suspension for as many games as the player has accrued Game Disqualifications during the course of a season. For example, if a player engages in a fight having already received a Game Disqualification earlier in the season, he is ejected from that game and suspended for his team's next two games. This automatic suspension has made fighting in college hockey relatively rare.

Fighting is strictly prohibited in European professional hockey leagues and in Olympic ice hockey. The international rules (by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)) specify in rule 141 – Fighting the following penalties (among others):
 Match penalty (the player is ejected from the game and another player serves 5 minutes in addition to any other penalties imposed in the penalty box) for a player who starts fisticuffs.
 Minor penalty (2 minutes) for a player who retaliates with a blow or attempted blow.
 Game misconduct penalty (ejection from the game) in addition to any other penalties for any player who is the first to intervene in fisticuffs which are already in progress.
 Double minor penalty (4 minutes), major penalty and game misconduct penalty (5 minutes and ejection from the game), or match penalty (at the discretion of the referee) for a player who continues fisticuffs after being told by officials to stop.
 Misconduct penalty (10 minutes; second misconduct penalty in one game means automatic ejection) for a player who intentionally takes off his gloves in fisticuffs.

Despite the bans, there have been fights in European leagues. In 2001, a game between the Nottingham Panthers and the Sheffield Steelers in the British Superleague saw "some of the worst scenes of violence seen at a British ice hockey rink". When Sheffield enforcer Dennis Vial crosschecked Nottingham forward Greg Hadden, Panthers enforcer Barry Nieckar subsequently fought with Vial, which eventually escalated into a 36-man bench-clearing brawl. Referee Moray Hanson sent both teams to their locker rooms and delayed the game for 45 minutes while tempers cooled and the officials sorted out the penalties. Eight players and both coaches were ejected, and a British record total of 404 penalty minutes were incurred during the second period. The league handed out 30 games in suspensions to four players and Steelers' coach Mike Blaisdell and a total of £8,400 in fines. Russia's Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) had a bench-clearing brawl between Vityaz Chekhov and Avangard Omsk in 2010. Officials were forced to abandon the game as there were only four players left. Thirty-three players and both teams' coaches were ejected, and a world record total of 707 penalty minutes were incurred during the game. The KHL imposed fines totaling 5.7 million rubles ($191,000), suspended seven players, and counted the game as a 5–0 defeat for both teams, with no points being awarded.

The Punch-up in Piestany was a notable instance of fighting in international play. A 1987 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships game between Canada and the Soviet Union was the scene of a bench-clearing brawl that lasted 20 minutes and prompted officials to turn off the arena lights in an attempt to stop it, forcing the IIHF to declare the game null and void. The fighting was particularly dangerous as fighting was a surprise and a custom unknown to the Soviet players, some of whom escalated the fighting beyond what was considered acceptable in North America. Both teams were ejected from the tournament, costing Canada an assured medal, and the Soviet team was barred from the end-of-tournament dinner.

Enforcers

The role of "enforcer" on a hockey team is unofficial. Enforcers occasionally play regular shifts like other players, but their primary role is deterring opposing players from rough play. Coaches often send enforcers out when opposing enforcers are on the ice or any time when it is necessary to check excessively physical play by the opposing team. Enforcers, particularly those with questionable playing skills, can be colloquially referred to as goons (a term also occasionally used for a related position, the pest, who may not fight but will agitate an opponent with rough play and goad the opponent into a fight).

Causes
There are many reasons for fights during a hockey game. Some reasons are related to game play, such as retaliation, momentum-building, intimidation, deterrence, attempting to draw "reaction penalties", and protecting star players. There are also some personal reasons such as retribution for past incidents, bad blood between players, and simple job security for enforcers. Fights often start in response to an opponent's rough play. A North American study of 1975–1983 (the period of peak fighting) found that players used fist-fights to either "stick up for oneself" and save face from attempts at intimidation, or to act in self-defence from actual or perceived dirty tricks.

Game-related reasons
Of the many reasons for fighting, the foremost is retaliation. When players engage in play that members of the opposing team consider unscrupulous, a fight can ensue. The fight may be between the assailant and the victim, between the assailant and an enforcer from the victim's team, or between opposing enforcers. Fights that occur for retaliation purposes can be in immediate response to an on-ice incident, to incidents from earlier in the game, or to actions from past games. Enforcers who intend to start a fight have to consider their timing due to the Instigator rule. For example, putting the opposing team on a power play due to penalties incurred from fighting is less advisable when the game is close.

Enforcers sometimes start fights to build game momentum and provide a psychological advantage over the opposing team. These fights usually involve two enforcers, but may involve any player who is agitating the opposition. This type of fight raises morale on the team of the player who wins, and often excites the home crowd. For that reason, it can also be a gamble to start a fight for momentum; if an enforcer loses the fight, the momentum can swing the wrong way.

Intimidation is an important element of a hockey game and some enforcers start fights just to intimidate opposing players in hopes that they will refrain from agitating skilled players. For example, in the late 1950s, Gordie Howe helped establish himself as an enforcer by defeating Lou Fontinato, a notable tough guy who tallied over 1,200 penalty minutes in his career. Fontinato suffered a broken nose from the fight. After that incident, Howe got a lot more space on the ice and was able to score many goals over the span of his career because he intimidated other players. Conversely, games in European professional leagues are known to be less violent than North American games because fighting is discouraged in Europe by ejection and heavy fines. Since the penalties for fighting are so severe, the enforcers are less able to intimidate opposing players with fighting and said players take more liberties on the ice.

For teams that face each other frequently, players may fight just to send the message to the opposing players that they will be the target of agitation or aggression in future games. Teams that are losing by a considerable margin often start these fights near the end of the game when they have nothing to lose. Enforcers may start fights with more skilled players to draw what is called a "reaction penalty", an undisciplined reaction to aggressive play on the part of the enforcer. This practice is also known to be difficult due to the Instigator rule.

Another reason is the protection of star skaters and defenceless goalies. Fighting within the game can also send a message to players and coaches from other teams that cheap shots, dirty plays, and targeting specific players will not be tolerated and there will be consequences involved. Fighting can provide retribution for a team's player getting targeted or injured. Overall, fighting is sometimes seen as a beneficial policing that the game needs to keep players in line. Over the history of hockey, many enforcers have been signed simply to protect players like Wayne Gretzky, who was protected by Dave Semenko, Marty McSorley, and others, and Brett Hull, who was protected by Kelly Chase and others. Many believe that without players protecting each other, referees would affect the game play by having to call more penalties, and the league would have to suspend players for longer periods.

Personal reasons
Many young enforcers need to establish their role early in their career to avoid losing their jobs. Due to the farm systems that most professional hockey leagues use, enforcers who get a chance to play at the level above their current one (for example, an AHL player getting a chance to play in an NHL game) need to show other players, coaches, and fans that they are worthy of the enforcer role on the team. Players and coaches enjoy being with enforcers who fight for their teams, not for themselves.

There are also times when players and even entire teams carry on personal rivalries that have little to do with individual games; fights frequently occur for no other reason. A rivalry that produced many fights was between the Detroit Red Wings and the Colorado Avalanche during the 1990s.

Effect on game
Statistics indicate that fights are detrimental to teams' play, or have inconsequential benefits. Since the 1979–80 season, teams in the bottom three of fighting-related major penalties have finished at the top of the regular-season standings 10 times and have won the Stanley Cup 11 times, while teams in the top three have won the regular season and Stanley Cup only twice each. One statistical analysis calculated that winning a fight benefited a team by about  of a win in the standings. Two others showed that fights increase scoring, but do so evenly for both teams so do not significantly affect wins.

Efforts to ban fighting

The Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine announced in Position Statement in 1988 that "Fighting does cause injuries, which range from fractures of the hands and face to lacerations and eye injuries. At present, it is an endemic and ritualized blot on the reputation of the North American game."

Criticism often arises after single acts of violence committed during fights. For example, on March 21, 2007, Colton Orr of the New York Rangers fought with Todd Fedoruk of the Philadelphia Flyers and ended up knocking Fedoruk unconscious. Fedoruk already had titanium plates in his face from a fight earlier in the season with Derek Boogaard. The resulting media coverage of the incident renewed calls for a fighting ban. Some players acknowledge that there is no harm in discussing the issue; however, most players and administrators continue to insist that fighting stay as a permanent element of organized ice hockey. Some league administrators, such as former NHL senior vice-president and director of hockey operations Colin Campbell, have been circulating the idea of banning fighting in response to incidents such as the Fedoruk–Orr fight.

Sports journalists have articulated the idea with increasing frequency that fighting adds nothing to the sport and should be banned. Among the reasons they cite are that it is unsportsmanlike, is a "knee-jerk" reaction that detracts from the skillful aspects of the game, and that it is simply a waste of time. The Journal of Sport and Social Issues''' Ryan T. Lewinson and Oscar E. Palma believe that fighting shows a lack of discipline on the part of participants, as well as a lack of fairness in certain cases, including when fighters have a size disparity. However, supporters of fighting say it provides a means of security for players, that fighting is a tool players use to keep opposing players in check; essentially allowing players to police which hits and dirty plays are unacceptable.

Various politicians and hockey figures have expressed opposition to fighting. In 2012, David Johnston, the Governor General of Canada, said that fighting should not be part of the sport. IIHF president René Fasel has protested against fighting, deeming it "Neanderthal behavior". Wayne Gretzky, considered by many to be the greatest hockey player of all time, has often spoken out against fighting.

NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman, at a 2007 press conference broadcast on CBC Sports, said, "Fighting has always had a role in the game ... from a player safety standpoint, what happens in fighting is something we need to look at just as we need to look at hits to the head. But we're not looking to have a debate on whether fighting is good or bad or should be part of the game."

Community members often become involved in the debate over banning fighting. In December 2006, a school board trustee in London, Ontario, attended a London Knights game and was shocked by the fighting and by the crowd's positive reaction to it. This experience led him to organize an ongoing effort to ban fighting in the Ontario Hockey League, where the Knights compete, by attempting to gain the support of other school boards and by writing letters to OHL administrators. On the advice of its Medical Health Officer, the Middlesex-London Health board has supported recommendations to ban fighting across amateur hockey and to increase disciplinary measures to ensure deterrence.

The first known death directly related to a hockey fight occurred when Don Sanderson of the Whitby Dunlops, a top-tier senior amateur team in Ontario's Major League Hockey, died in January 2009, a month after sustaining a head injury during a fight: Sanderson's helmet came off during the fight, and when he fell to the ice, he hit his head. His death renewed calls to ban fighting among critics. In reaction, the league has stated that they are reviewing the players' use of helmets.

Fighters such as Bob Probert and Boogaard have been posthumously diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a degenerative disease of the brain caused by repeated brain trauma. While the NHL took steps to limit head trauma from blindslide hits, it was criticized for doing nothing to reduce fighting, which consists of repeated deliberate blows to the head. It is unknown whether Boogaard's death was mainly attributed from his repeated head trauma from fighting and hits or from a possible addiction to painkillers while simultaneously abusing alcohol. His brain has been sent to Boston University for further testing.

Rules in-game to discourage fighting

Since the 1970s, three rules have curtailed the number and scope of fights in the NHL. In 1971, the league created the "Third Man In" rule which attempts to eliminate the bench-clearing brawl by providing for the ejection of the first player who joins a fight already in progress, unless a match penalty is being assessed to a player already engaged in that fight. Another rule automatically suspends the first player from each team that leaves the bench to join a fight when it is not their shift. In 1992, the "Instigator" rule, which adds an additional two-minute minor penalty to the player who starts a fight, was introduced.

Beginning in the 2016–17 season, the American Hockey League imposed a fighting major counter, similar to the National Basketball Association's unsportsmanlike technical foul counter and soccer's accumulated cards. A player who collects ten major penalties for fighting during the season will be suspended one game, and will be suspended one game for each fighting major for the next three penalties (the 11th, 12th, and 13th fighting majors).  A player is suspended two games for his 14th and subsequent major penalty for fighting. If one player involved in the fight is charged with an instigator penalty, the opponent will not have the fighting major count towards suspension. The ECHL added the rule in 2019–20.

Beginning in the 2023-24 season, the ECHL reduced the number of fighting majors that can result in an ejection from three to two, with exceptions for opponents being docked as instigators, and added automatic game misconduct penalties for fights that occur just before or after the puck is dropped.

Etiquette

There are several informal rules governing fighting in ice hockey that players rarely discuss but take quite seriously. The most important aspect of this etiquette is that opposing enforcers must agree to a fight, usually via a verbal or physical exchange on the ice. This agreement helps both players avoid being given an instigator penalty, and helps keep unwilling participants out of fights.

Enforcers typically only fight each other, with only the occasional spontaneous fight breaking out between one or two opponents who do not usually fight. There is a high degree of respect among enforcers as well; they will respect a rival who declines a fight because he is playing with injuries, a frequent occurrence, because enforcers consider winning a fight with an injured opponent to be an empty victory. This is also known as granting a "free pass". Enforcer Darren McCarty described fighters as being divided into "heavyweights" and "light heavyweights", and said that players in the latter category "end up dancing with some guys who could end (their) career with a single punch."

Long-standing rivalries result in numerous rematches, especially if one of the enforcers has to decline an invitation to fight during a given game. This is one of the reasons that enforcers may fight at the beginning of a game, when nothing obvious has happened to agitate the opponents. On the other hand, it is bad etiquette to try to initiate a fight with an enforcer who is near the end of his shift, since the more rested player will have an obvious advantage.

Another important aspect of etiquette is simply fighting fairly and cleanly. Fairness is maintained by not wearing equipment that could injure the opposing fighter, such as face shields, gloves, or masks,  and not assaulting referees or linesmen. Finally, whatever the outcome of the fight, etiquette dictates that players who choose to fight win and lose those fights gracefully. Otherwise, they risk losing the respect of their teammates and fans.

Sportsmanship is also an important aspect when it comes to fights. While an enforcer may start a fight in response to foul play, it is generally not acceptable to start a fight to retaliate against an opponent who scored fairly.

Tactics

Fighting tactics are governed by several actual rules and enforcers will also adopt informal tactics particular to their style and personality. One tactic adopted by players is known as "going for it", in which the player puts his head down and just throws as many punches as he can, as fast as he can. In the process, that player takes as many punches as he delivers, although some of them are to the hard forehead. Fighters usually must keep one hand on their opponent's jersey since the ice surface makes maintaining balance very difficult. For this reason, the majority of a hockey fight consists of the players holding on with one hand and punching with the other.

Other examples include Gordie Howe's tactic of holding the sweater of his opponent right around the armpit of his preferred punching arm so as to impede his movement. Probert, of the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Blackhawks, was known to allow his opponents to punch until they showed signs of tiring, at which time he would take over and usually dominate the fight. Some consider long-time Buffalo Sabres enforcer Rob Ray to be the reason that hockey jerseys are now equipped with tie-down straps ("fight straps") that prevent their removal; he would always remove his jersey during fights so his opponents would have nothing to grab on to. This is commonly referred to as the "Rob Ray Rule".

Officials' role

Throughout a game, the referee and linesmen have a role in preventing fights through the way they are managing the game—calling penalties, breaking up scuffles before they escalate, etc. Despite an official's best efforts, though, fights do occur and once they do, the referee and linesmen have a certain set of responsibilities to follow in order to safely break up the fight. None of these responsibilities are written in the NHL's rule book, but often are guided by "common sense", according to officials.

In a single fight situation the linesmen will communicate with each other as to which player they will take during the fight, clear out any sticks, gloves, or other equipment that has been dropped and wait for a safe time to enter the fight, which they will do together.  If both players are still standing while the linesmen enter, the linesmen will approach from each side (never from behind), bring their arms over the combatants' arms and wrap them around, pushing downwards and breaking the players apart. If the players have fallen, the linesmen will approach from the side (never over the skates), getting in between the two players. One linesman will use his body to shield the player on the bottom from the other player while his partner will remove the top player from the fight. Most linesmen will allow a fight to run its course for their own safety, but will enter a fight regardless if one player has gained a significant advantage over his opponent. Once the players have been broken up, the linesmen then escort the players off the ice. During this time the referee will keep other players from entering the fight by sending them to a neutral area on the ice and then watching the fight and assessing any other penalties that occur.

In a multiple fight situation the linesmen will normally break up fights together, one fight at a time using the same procedures for a single fight. The linesmen will communicate with each other which fight to break up. In a multiple fight situation the referee will stand in an area of the ice where he/she can have a full view of all the players and will write down—on a pad of paper commonly known as a "riot pad"—the numbers of the players that are involved in the fights, watching for situations that warrant additional penalties, such as players removing opponents' helmets, players participating in a second fight, players leaving a bench to participate in a fight, or third players into a fight. The referee will not normally break up a fight unless the linesmen need assistance, or a fight is occurring where a player has gained a significant advantage over the other player, leading to concerns of significant injury.

See also
 Gordie Howe hat trick

Footnotes

References

 .

Aggression
Ice hockey penalties
Violence in ice hockey
Banned sports tactics

Fighting in ice hockey


Un idiot la Paris (titlul original: în ) este un film de comedie francez, realizat în 1967 de regizorul Serge Korber, după romanul omonim a scriitorului  René Fallet, protagoniști fiind actorii Dany Carrel, Jean Lefebvre, Bernard Blier și Robert Dalban.

Conținut

Distribuție

 Dany Carrel – Juliette, zisă "La Fleur" ("Floarea°)
 Jean Lefebvre – Goubi, "prostu' satului"
 Bernard Blier – Léon Dessertine, șeful carmangeriei, numit "Regele cărnii"
 Robert Dalban – Patouilloux, primarul din Jaligny
 Bernadette Lafont – la Berthe Patouilloux, fiica primarului
 Paul Préboist – gardianul din parcul public
 Yves Robert – Marcel Pitou, evadatul
 André Pousse – Marcel, șoferul de taxi
 Jean Carmet – Ernest Grafouillères, transportorul de legume
 Fernand Berset – Jules Grafouillères, fratele lui Ernest
 Albert Rémy – Rabichon, birtaș
 Pierre Richard – un agent de poliție
 Micheline Luccioni – Lucienne, o prostituată
 Philippe Avron – François Flutiaux, studentul care vinde cărți
 Lucien Raimbourg – tata Catolle, patronul lui Goubi
 Jeanne Pérez – mama Catolle
 Paul Le Person – Jean-Marie Laprune, un sătean
 Hubert de Lapparent – comisarul Pingeon
 Serge Korber – trecătorul cu ochelari de soare / băiatul de la cafenea
 Dominique Zardi – un trecător
 René Fallet – militarul cu ochelari / le curé de Jaligny
Robert Castel – un agent de poliție
 Jean-Claude Massoulier – un inspector
 Claude Evrard – un inspector
 Marc Arian – falsul orb
 André Badin – Grafouillères, măcelarul din hală
 Louis Bugette – gardianul din hală
 André Dalibert – un agent de poliție
 Serge Martina – îndrăgostitul de pe bancă
 Roger Riffard – un locuitor din Jaligny
 Gilbert Servien – Dudule, patronul bistroului
 Jean Minisini – un uriaș din hală

Melodii din film
 Melodia de deschidere a filmului Les coeurs tendres, este scrisă și interpretată de Jacques Brel.

Referințe

Vezi și
 Listă de filme străine până în 1989

Legături externe

Filme din 1967
Filme de comedie
Filme în limba franceză
Filme regizate de Serge Korber

Un idiot la Paris


«Ruleta» es una canción de la cantante mexicana Danna Paola, fue lanzada como primer sencillo de su álbum de estudio homónimo el 28 de febrero de 2012 a través de Universal Music México. Fue escrita por Paty Cantu y Angela Dávalos, y se grabó en 2011.

Video musical

El video musical fue grabado en Guadalajara, Jalisco, en el parque de diversiones, Selva Mágica, en enero de 2012. Danna Paola fue acompañada por más de 30 bailarines en la filmación del video. El video fue estrenado por primera vez en la transmisión que se realizó vía hangout en Google Plus el 14 de marzo, en su cuenta de VEVO.

Referencias

Canciones de 2012
Sencillos de Danna Paola
Sencillos de 2012

Ruleta (canción de Danna Paola)


O Riacho das Pedras foi uma comunidade quilombola tradicional da cidade brasileira de Rio de Contas, localizada ao sul da Chapada Diamantina, região central do estado da Bahia, inundada pela construção do açude Brumado.

Com a perda das terras onde por séculos ocupavam, seus moradores se dispersaram para as cidades vizinhas e da região, ou para as comunidades quilombolas de Barra e Bananal, também elas afetadas pelas águas da barragem que alagaram suas terras cultiváveis. A construção da barragem, em 1983, atingiu em cheio Riacho das Pedras. Na região os chamados "arraiais dos pretos" possuíam raízes, costumes e identidades distintas umas das outras, mas passaram a ser tratadas como uma só.

Na época da conclusão da represa as indenizações só atenderam aos que apresentaram título da terra, e atenderam somente às benfeitorias existentes (casas, engenhos, currais, etc), sem ressarcir o imóvel propriamente dito. Após negociações, o DNOCS admitiu estender as reparações, que entretanto não haviam ocorrido até 2006.

Histórico, contexto e diáspora
Enquanto o Brasil vivenciava o período final da ditadura militar de 1964, a decisão de construção da barragem ocorreu sem qualquer consulta aos moradores, e veio como uma imposição que contava com o aparato de repressão contra qualquer tipo de oposição. Assim, as decisões eram meramente arbitrárias e verticais. No depoimento de um dos moradores:"Acreditava-se no governo e o governo foi o primeiro a liquidar o povo, a liquidar um povo sem satisfação nenhuma, a única satisfação que algumas pessoas diziam era: vocês têm que sair, senão, vocês vão virar comida de peixe".

Com a dispersão forçada das famílias, e sem recursos para se realocarem, algumas famílias mudaram-se para o povoado de Barro Branco, mas com a seca do riacho que ali existe, muitos foram novamente obrigados a se deslocar. Outros se mudaram para Barra do Brumado ou para o quilombo do Bananal que, apesar de ocuparem locais próximos e culturas similares, não configuram a mesma comunidade; grande parte foi objeto de assentamento no chamado "bairro do Pirulito", na sede de Rio de Contas: lugar afastado meio quilômetro do centro histórico e branco do lugar onde continuaram a sofrer preconceito.

Reconhecimento tardio
No final de 1999 os moradores remanescentes das três comunidades obtiveram o título de domínio de seu território, expedido pelo Instituto de Terras da Bahia e pela Fundação Cultural Palmares, reconhecendo a titularidade sobre as terras que ocupavam. O próprio DNOCS reconhecera em relatório, naquele ano, sobre sua dívida para com os quilombolas de Rio de Contas, chegando nele a registrar: "Privados de suas terras, sem recursos financeiros e assistência, os quilombos negros de Barra, Bananal e Riacho das Pedras dificilmente serão mantidos."

Foram a quinta comunidade quilombola, dentre as 724 então identificadas no país, a receber pela Fundação Cultural Palmares (e o Instituto de Terras da Bahia) o título definitivo de propriedade das terras que tradicionalmente ocupavam, em 23 de novembro de 1999. Tiveram, então, atestados  hectares, para as setenta e quatro famílias que ali viviam.

O título das terras, atribuído à coletividade e com cláusula que proíbe a venda das mesmas, foi entregue numa solenidade com a presença do então governador do estado, César Borges, e ocorreu em nome da Associação de Desenvolvimento Rural de Barra do Brumado. Riacho das Pedras era uma das vinte e nove comunidades oficialmente reconhecidas como remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil, à época.

Já os antigos moradores do Riacho das Pedras continuavam, até 2016, sem receber as indenizações que lhes eram devidas.

Sobrevivência identitária
Apesar de dispersos, os descendentes vêm aos poucos conquistando sua identidade. Algumas manifestações culturais ancestrais ainda resistem no Barro Branco, enquanto a história do alagamento de sua comunidade segue esquecida na cidade, onde as comunidades de Barra e Bananal são tratadas muitas vezes como algo "exótico" e turístico.

Ligações externas
SAKAMOTO, Leonardo. O Quilombo Resiste, in Revista Problemas Brasileiros, nº 342, nov/ dez 2000 (arquivo)
Remanescentes de quilombos ainda esperam pela terra, no Folha de S. Paulo

Rio de Contas (Bahia)
Riacho das Pedras
Extinções no Brasil em 1983
Chapada Diamantina

Quilombo Riacho das Pedras


Knut Gunnar Björnstrand (n. Estocolmo, 13 de noviembre de 1909 - f. Estocolmo, 26 de mayo de 1986) fue un actor sueco nacido con el apellido Johanson.

Trayectoria

Gunnar siempre quiso ser actor al igual que su padre, Oscar Johanson. Antes de empezar a actuar, trabajó como aprendiz de panadero en un salón de belleza. En 1933 se fue a estudiar en la Escuela de actuación del Teatro Real (Dramaten), coincidiendo allí con Ingrid Bergman, Hasso Signe y Lillie Björnstrand, mujer que se convertiría en su esposa hasta el momento de su muerte. De ella salió su nombre artístico. Tuvieron una hija, Veronica Björnstrand, que trabajó en cine y TV.

Después de su graduación, ingresó, junto con Lillie, en la Agencia Sueca de Teatro en Vaasa, donde vivieron en difíciles circunstancias. Ambos regresaron a Suecia después de dos años en Finlandia. Gunnar tardó varios años en establecerse como actor, por lo que tuvieron problemas económicos.

Consiguió su primer papel importante en 1943, en la película Noche en el puerto. Durante los años de la Segunda Guerra Mundial colaboró con Ingmar Bergman, en 1946. La primera película que hicieron juntos fue Llueve sobre nuestro amor. Pronto se convirtió en un actor fijo en las películas del genio sueco con títulos como; Noche de circo, Como en un espejo (1961) y Los comulgantes (1963), también de Bergman. Al rodar esta última,  debido a su salud vacilante y a que el pastor protagonista le parecía muy antipático, no se sintió nada cómodo; pero rodó a los tres años una película como Persona (1966) y luego tuvo un gran papel en La vergüenza (1968)

Tras los años 1960 rodó menos películas, en parte por su trombosis de 1970, Pero logró recuperarse e hizo Cara a cara (1976) y El rito (1969), Sonata de otoño (1977), todas ellas de Ingmar Bergman. Asimismo, hizo varios papeles en obras de televisión. También participó en algunas películas en el extranjero, incluyendo el papel principal en la película italiana Isola; allí fue contactado por Fellini para un papel, pero finalmente se negó debido a las dificultades del idioma. También protagonizó series cómicas para la radio, como El sombrero de bombín y un paragua.

Gunnar hizo su último papel en el film más evocador de Bergman Fanny y Alexander, en 1982. Padecía ya Alzheimer, lo que le impedían memorizar bien las líneas. A pesar de que previamente había hecho un gran papel en el teatro, con voluntad de hierro se aseguró de volver una vez entrenado a fondo.

Björnstrand mostró durante su larga carrera muestra una amplitud sin precedentes, cuando hizo todo tipo de papeles, desde la comedia ligera —por la que empezó con gran habilidad— hasta el drama más complejo, y logró unas interpretaciones originales de cada guion, como lo revela toda su trayectoria con Bergman, con personajes muy complejos.

Björnstrand fue activo políticamente y participó en las protestas contra la guerra de Vietnam.

Filmografía parcial
 Noche en el puerto (Natt i hamn, 1943), dir. Hampe Faustman
Tortura o Tormento (Hets, 1944), dir. Alf Sjöberg
Llueve sobre nuestro amor (1946), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Música en la oscuridad (1947), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Noche en mi futuro (1948)
Noche de circo (1950), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Tres mujeres (1952), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Una lección de amor (1953), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Sueños (1955), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Sonrisas de una noche de verano (1955), dir. Ingmar Bergman
El séptimo sello (1957), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Night Light (1957), dir. Lars-Eric Kjellgren
Fresas salvajes (1957), dir. Ingmar Bergman
El rostro (1958), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Miss April (1958)
El ojo del diablo (1960), dir. Ingmar Bergman
El jardín del placer (1961), dir. Alf Kjellin
 Como en un espejo (1961), dir. Ingmar Bergman
 Los comulgantes (1963), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Loving Couples (1964)
Persona (1966), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Mi hermana, mi amor (1966)
Hagbard and Signe (1967)
The Girls (1968)
La vergüenza (1968), dir. Ingmar Bergman
El rito (1969), dir. Ingmar Bergman
 Violenza al sole (1969)
Cara a cara (1976), dir. Ingmar Bergman
Sonata de otoño (1978), , dir. Ingmar Bergman
 Avskedet (1982)
Fanny y Alexander (1982), dir. Ingmar Bergman
 Farmor och vår herre (TV)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Gunnar Björnstrand page at Bergmanorama

Actores de cine de Suecia
Nacidos en Estocolmo
Fallecidos en Estocolmo

Gunnar Björnstrand


Les Neckeraceae sont une famille de mousses de l'ordre des Hypnales.

Répartition
La famille comprend plus de sept cents espèces réparties dans le monde entier.

Description
Ce sont des mousses de tailles très diverses, vertes, jaunâtres ou brunâtres, brillantes ou ternes. Les tiges sont rampantes ou forment un stipe perpendiculaire au substrat ; les branches secondaires se placent régulièrement le long de la tige ou seulement distalement. Les paraphylles sont absents ou présents, peu nombreux ou nombreux, simples ou ramifiés ; les pseudoparaphylles sont filamenteux à foliacés. Les rhizoïdes sont présents uniquement sur la tige primaire ou à l'extrémité des branches qui touchent le substrat. Les feuilles primaires, comme les feuilles secondaires de la tige et des branches, présentent des formes très diverses selon les genres.

Les membres de cette famille ont une condition sexuelle synoïque, autoïque ou dioïque. Le fruit est une capsule érigée, subérectée ou horizontale, immergée ou exsérée ; le péristome est double (simple chez le genre Neomacounia) ; l'exostome possède une surface externe lisse ou striée, papillaire à l'extrémité distale ; la membrane basale de l'endostome est basse ou haute, à segments linéaires à lancéolés, lisses à papillaires, perforés le long de la quille par des fentes étroites, les cils absents ou au nombre de un à trois, souvent coniques. Le calice est cucullaire, nu ou poilu. Les spores sont papillaires à finement papillaires.

Systématique
Le nom scientifique de ce taxon est Neckeraceae, choisi en 1856 par le botaniste alsacien Guillaume Philippe Schimper. Neckera Hedw. est le genre type.

Neckeraceae a pour synonymes :
 Homaliaceae Schimp.
 Leptodontaceae Schimp.
 Thamniaceae Mönk.
 Thamnioideae M. Fleisch.
 Thamnobryaceae Margad. & During
 Thamnobryaceae W.R. Buck & Vitt

Liste des genres
Selon la  :

Selon  :

Notes et références

Liens externes

Famille de plantes (nom scientifique)
Bryophyte (nom scientifique)

Neckeraceae


Markuška este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Rožňava din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 154 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Hanková.

Istoric
Localitatea Markuška este atestată documentar din 1311.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Markuška


An Notylia rhombilabia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Charles Schweinfurth. An Notylia rhombilabia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Notylia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Notylia

Notylia rhombilabia


Georges Truffaut (né à Pontoise le , mort à Maintenon le ) est un peintre français.

Biographie

Élève au lycée de Chartres, il obtient son baccalauréat en 1874 et entre immédiatement dans l'atelier du peintre William Bouguereau. Inscrit à l'École des Beaux-Arts à Paris en 1877, il rejoint l'année suivante l'atelier d'Henri Lehmann. En 1879, il obtient un premier prix d'atelier, et une mention au concours Troyon. Il se porte candidat au Prix de Rome en 1880 et obtient un « premier second grand prix » avec La Reconnaissance d'Ulysse et de Télémaque (Concepcion, pinacothèque de l'Université).

Déjà malade de la tuberculose en 1880, il se rend à Alger et y expose trois tableaux. De plus en plus atteint par la maladie, il est rapatrié par sa famille à Maintenon et y meurt en 1882, dans les bras de son père. Deux de ses tableaux, Le Père Louis et À la fin de la séance, sont présentés après sa mort au Salon de 1882. Cinq grands tableaux décoratifs de Truffaut sont aussi présentés à l'Exposition des Arts décoratifs de la même année. Les articles publiés dans la presse au lendemain de sa mort y voient un émule et possible rival de Jules Bastien-Lepage.

Liste des œuvres

 La Reconnaissance d'Ulysse et de Télémaque, 1880, Concepción (Chili), Pinacoteca Universidad.

Sources

Liens externes

Peintre français du XIXe siècle
Naissance en janvier 1857
Naissance à Pontoise
Décès en avril 1882
Décès à 25 ans

Georges Truffaut (1857-1882)


A toupeira-europeia (Talpa europaea) é uma espécie de mamífero da família Talpidae, nativa da região europeia desde França até à Rússia europeia.

Descrição
A toupeira-europeia mede entre 113 e 159 mm de comprimento e pesa entre 72 e 128 g. São geralmente animais solitários e vivem cerca de 3 anos. A sua alimentação é sobretudo composta de minhocas.

Talpidae

Toupeira-europeia


NGC 6038 est une vaste galaxie spirale relativement éloignée et située dans la constellation de la Couronne boréale. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 6038 a été découverte par l'astronome germano-britannique William Herschel en .

La classe de luminosité de NGC 6038 est III.

À ce jour, 25 mesures non basées sur le décalage vers le rouge (redshift) donnent une distance de , ce qui est à l'intérieur des valeurs de la distance de Hubble.

Supernova
La supernova SN1999cc a été découverte dans NGC 6038 le  l'astronome Michael Schwartz des observatoires Tenagra. Cette supernova était de type Ia.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 6038 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

6038
Constellation de la Couronne boréale
Galaxie spirale
Galaxie découverte en 1787
Objet céleste découvert par William Herschel

NGC 6038


Bayağı sarıasma (Oriolus oriolus), sarıasmagiller (Oriolidae) familyasından pembe gagalı, sarı renkli, ötücü bir kuş türü.

Özellikleri
Erkeği göz alıcı derecede sarı ve kanatları siyah renkli, gagası pembedir. Dişisi erkeğine benzer ancak gagaya yakın siyahlıktan yoksundur ve göğsü siyah noktalıdır. birçoğunun renkleri daha yeşil, kuyruksokumları sarı, kanatları koyu renk ve alt tarafları açık renktir. Genç erkekler dişilerine çok benzerler ama bir tek gagalarından ayırt edilirler: gagaları pembedir.

Yaşam alanı
İlkbaharda Türkiye'ye gelip sonbaharda Afrika'ya döner. Ormanlarda, bahçe ve parklarda yapraklarını döken yaşlı ağaç tepelerinde yaygın olarak bulunur. Uçuşu derin kanat vuruşları ile hızlıdır. Sesi gür ve flütümsüdür ve kısa perde değişiklikleri içerir: 'ii-lo-vi' ya da 'viiidl-o'; ötüşü ise pes ve serttir: 'şaaak'.

Üreme

Bitki liflerinden  ördüğü yuvasını ağaçların çatallı dallarının arasına kurar. 3-4 yumurta yumurtlar. Kuluçka süresi 14-15 gün kadardır. Bu devrede erkek dişisini yuvada besler.

Beslenme

Tırtıl ve meyve ile beslenir. Kiraz, üzüm ve incir temel besinleridir. Ayrıca dut, kavak, incir ve üzüm ağaçlarında da görebilirsiniz

Dış bağlantılar

 Golden Oriole videos|Sarı asma videoları

Asgari endişe altındaki hayvanlar
Sarıasmagiller
Avrupa kuşları
Türkiye'deki kuşlar
Afrika kuşları
Göçmen kuşlar
1758'de tanımlanan kuşlar
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Bayağı sarıasma


كبريتيد الزئبق الثنائي مركب كيميائي سام جدا  له الصيغة (HgS) ، ويكون على شكلين ألفا وبيتا.
 الشكل ألفا α-HgS وهو ذو لون أحمر قرمزي وهو الشكل الذي يوجد به الزئبق غالباً في الطبيعة.
 الشكل بيتا β-HgS وهو ذو لون أسود، وهو الذي ينشأ عند الكشف عن الزئبق بترسيبه على شكل كبريتيد.
 وينسب اكتشافه لأبو الكيمياء العالم جابر بن حيان

الخواص
 انحلالية كلي الشكلين من مركب كبريتيد الزئبق الثنائي ضعيفة جداً في الماء.
HgS ⇌ Hg 2+ + S 2- ...KL = 10-54
 لا يتفاعل مع الأحماض والقواعد، إلا أنه يتفكك بتفاعله مع الماء الملكي.

الوفرة الطبيعية والتحضير
يوجد مركب كبريتيد الزئبق الثنائي في الطبيعة في معدن الزنجفر Cinnabar.

يحضر مركب كبريتيد الزئبق الثنائي مخبرياً من تمرير غاز كبريتيد الهيدروجين في محاليل الزئبق، حيث يترسب الشكل بيتا أسود اللون.

الاستخدامات
 كان يستعمل سابقاً كخضاب للون الأحمر على شكل مسحوق الزنجفر.
 يستخدم في تحضير مركبات الزئبق الأخرى.

انظر أيضا

زنجفر.

المصادر

 Taschenbuch chemische Substanzen, Willmes, Verlag Harri Deutsch, ISBN 3-8171-1662-4

كبريتيدات
مركبات الزئبق
مواد شبه موصلة

كبريتيد الزئبق الثنائي


Garfield est une ville américaine située dans le Comté de Douglas, dans le Minnesota. Selon le recensement de 2020, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Ville au Minnesota
Comté de Douglas (Minnesota)

Garfield (Minnesota)


David Baker ist der Name folgender Personen:

* David Baker (Musiker) (1931–2016), US-amerikanischer Jazzmusiker
 David Baker (Komponist), US-amerikanischer Pianist und Broadwaykomponist
 David Baker, US-amerikanischer Sänger, Mitbegründer von Mercury Rev
 David Baker (Biochemiker) (* 1962), US-amerikanischer Biochemiker
 David Baker (Radsportler) (* 1965), britischer Mountainbikefahrer
 David Baker (Pokerspieler, 1972) (Original David Baker; * 1972), US-amerikanischer Pokerspieler
 David Baker (Schauspieler), Schauspieler
 David Baker (Snookerspieler), britischer Snookerspieler
 David Baker (Pokerspieler, 1986) (Bakes; * 1986), US-amerikanischer Pokerspieler
 David Baker-Gabb, neuseeländischer Ornithologe
 David Aaron Baker (* 1963), US-amerikanischer Schauspieler
 David J. Baker (1792–1869), US-amerikanischer Jurist und Politiker

David Baker


Bishop Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Bishop Township (Illinois)
 Bishop Township (Oklahoma)

Bishop Township


Las cascadas de Uzud (; ) son unas cascadas o caída de agua ubicadas en la parte central de Marruecos, consideradas  las más altas y bellas del país. Localizadas en el  pequeño pueblo de Tanaghmeilt, en el Atlas Medio, en la provincia de Azilal, a unos 120 kilómetros de Beni Melal y a 150 kilómetros de Marrakech, son una importante atracción turística. Nacen del uadi Tissakht y tienen una altura aproximada de unos 110 metros.

Ouzoud es una palabra bereber que significa «oliva» y que hace referencia a los cercanos olivos que sombrean el camino por el que se accede a la parte inferior de las cascadas. En la cima de las cascadas hay una docena de antiguos molinos pequeños que todavía están en uso. También se puede seguir un camino estrecho y difícil que conduce a la carretera de Beni Melal mientras se descienden las gargantas del wadi el-Abid por un cañón en el  que a veces no se distingue la parte inferior, con cerca de 600 metros de desnivel. Las cascadas de Ouzoud son desde hace poco accesibles desde la pequeña ciudad de Aït Attab (a una distancia de aproximadamente 25 kilómetros) llegando desde  Beni Melal o Marrakech por el pueblo azucarero de Ouled Ayyad (provincia de Fquih Ben Salah).

Es el sitio más visitado de la región.  En los alrededores se encuentran valles verdes, molinos, huertos y un circuito magnífico de las ya mencionadas gargantas del río El Abid (en árabe, «río Esclavos»).  Muchas asociaciones locales y nacionales lideran proyectos para proteger y preservar el sitio.

Véase también

 Anexo:Cascadas por altura

Notas

Enlaces externos

Ouzoud
Provincia de Azilal

Cascadas de Uzud


Sælfangst på Isen i Mørketiden er en film instrueret af Jette Bang.

Handling
Hundeslæde på is. Fangeren stager jagthullet op med en stang med jerndup. Sæl trækkes op i net. Hjemmeliv i vinterhytte. Spæklampe. Skindrude. Sæl parteres indenførs. Ulo slibes.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1938
Film om Grønland
Dokumentariske optagelser
Hundeslæde

Sælfangst på Isen i Mørketiden


අර්.එන්.ඒ යනු නියුක්ලෙයික අම්ලයකි එබැවින් කාබන්,හයිඩ්‍රජන්,ඔක්සිජන්,නයිට්‍රජන් හා පොස්පරස් ඇත එසෙම අර්.එන්.ඒ යනු බහු අවයවික මහා අණුවකි.මුලික තනුම් ඒකකය වන්නෙරයිබොනියුක්ලියොටයිඩයයි.

රයිබොනියුක්ලික් අම්ලය (), හෝ RNA, යනු ජීවය පවත්වා ගැනීමට අත්‍යාවශ්‍ය මූලික අණුවකි.  RNA නියුක්ලික් අම්ල ගනයට වැටෙන අතර නිමවී ඇත්තේ DNA මෙන් නියුක්ලියෝටයිඩ දාම  වලිනි. ජෛව බහුඅවයවකයක් ලෙසද හැඳින්විය හැක. DNA අණුවේ අඩංගු තොරතුරු ප්‍රකාශනය (gene expression) වන්නේ DNA කොටසක් පිටපත් කරමින් නිපදවෙන RNA අණුව මගින්ය. ජාන පරිවර්තන (translation) ක්‍රියාවලිය මගින් බොහෝ RNA  ආශ්‍රයෙන් ඊට සම්පූර්ණයෙන් වෙනස් තවත් බහුඅවයවිකයක් වන ප්‍රෝටීන නිපදවේ. ප්‍රෝටීන නිපදවීමේදී සංඝටකයක් ලෙස RNA යොදා ගැනෙන්නේ නැත. එහිදී RNA යොදාගැනෙන්නේ ප්‍රෝටීනයේ සංඝටක වන ඇමයිනෝ අම්ල අනුපිලිවෙල නිර්ණය කිරීමට පමණි. මේ අනුව RNA අණුව DNA සහ ප්‍රෝටීනය අතර අතර-මැදි අණුවක් ලෙස ක්‍රියා කරයි.  ප්‍රෝටීන නිශ්පාදනයේදී ජෛව සෛලයක් තුල උපයෝගී කරගන්නා RNA අණු, දූත RNA (messenger RNA) ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.

RNA අනුවේ කශේරුකාව නිමවී ඇත්තේ DNA අණුවට වඩා මඳක් වෙනස් වූ සීනි අණුවක් වන රයිබෝස් වලිනි (DNA වල කශේරුව ඩිඔක්සිරයිබෝස් වලින් නිමවී ඇත).

මූලික RNA අණු ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වය අනුව තුන් වර්ගයකට බෙදා දැක්විය හැක.
 දූත RNA  (mRNA)
 පැවරුම් RNA (tRNA)
 රයිබසෝම RNA (rRNA)

දුත,/පණිවිඩකාරක RNA (m-RNA)

සෛල තුල වඩාත් අඩුවේන් පවතින RNA අණු ආකාරයයි.ඒව සමස්තයේන්  5% පමණවේ.මේව කෘත්‍ය (සංස්ලේෂණය) ඉටු කිරීමේන් පසු වහා බිද වැටේ.මේවා රේඛිය දාම ස්වරුපයේන් පවතින අතර අඩංගු නියුක්ලියෝටයිඩ ප්‍රමාණය මත m-RNA වේනස් වේ. න්‍යෂ්ටිකාව තුල නිපදවේ

මේවාත් බලන්න

 ඩී.එන්.ඒ.

ජීව විද්‍යාව
ආර්.එන්.ඒ.

ආර්.එන්.ඒ.


Ludwig Pflum (* 16. Mai 1928) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Der Angreifer spielte zunächst für den FC Oberensingen und die Stuttgarter Kickers, wie auch sein Bruder Alexander Pflum, von denen er 1949 zum SSV Reutlingen 05 wechselte. In seiner ersten Saison bei den Reutlingern wurde Ludwig Pflum mit dem SSV Staffelmeister in der Gruppe Süd der Oberliga Südwest sowie nach einer Endspielniederlage in der südwestdeutschen Meisterschaftsendrunde gegen den 1. FC Kaiserslautern südwestdeutscher Vizemeister. Pflum war bei der 0:1-Niederlage im Achtelfinale der Endrunde um die deutsche Meisterschaft 1950 für den SSV gegen Preußen Dellbrück über 120 Minuten im Einsatz. Nach einem Verbandswechsel der Reutlinger in die Oberliga Süd stieg er in der Saison 1950/51 mit dem SSV in die II. Division ab.

Weblinks
 Ludwig Pflum bei kickersarchiv.de

Fußballspieler (SSV Reutlingen 05)
Fußballspieler (Stuttgarter Kickers)
Deutscher
Geboren 1928
Mann

Ludwig Pflum


Schelto van Heemstra, Baron Heemstra (født 14. november 1807 i Groningen, død 20. december 1864 i Martensdyk (hollandsk: Maartensdijk)) var en nederlandsk politiker. Han var premierminister fra 1861 til 1862.

Liv og gerning
Van Heemstra blev født i Groningen, søn af politikeren Willem Hendrik van Heemstra og Johanna Balthazarina van Idsinga. Van Heemstra gik på gymnasiet i Franeker og studerede jura i Groningen. Efter en kort periode som advokat i Leeuwarden blev han udpeget i 1830 som Grietman (omtrent sognerådsformand) for Doniawerstal. Han deltog i tiårskampagnen (Tiendaagse Veldtocht) i 1831. Han blev Grietman i Oostdongeradeel i 1840 og i 1844 indtrådte han i Tweede Kamer (andetkammeret) i Haag på vegne af provinsen Friesland. I den stilling var han en del af en gruppe ledet af Johan Rudolph Thorbecke kaldet "Nimandsgruppen", som foreslog ændringer af den nederlandske forfatning. Selv om forslaget blev afvist i 1845, førte det til forfatningsreformen fra 1848.

Van Heemstra var kongens kommissær for Utrecht fra 1850 til 1858 og for Zeeland fra 1858 til 1860.

I marts 1861 blev Van Heemstra udnævnt til indenrigsminister i Van Hall-Van Heemstra-kabinettet. Som minister var han - sammen med Van Hall - ansvarlig for indførelsen af lovgivningen om opførelse af statsbaner. Efter Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelts fratræden i november 1861 blev han formand for Ministerrådet (Ministerraad), et embede nu kendt som premierminister. Hans forslag til statsbudgettet blev afvist af parlamentet i december samme år, hvilket førte til kabinettets fald og dets formelle fratrædelse i februar 1862. I 1862 fik han tildelt æresbetegnelsen som premierminister.

Hæder
Van Heemstra blev tildelt Den Nederlandske Løves Orden og Egekrone-ordenen.

Familie
Han var gift med Henriëtte Hildegonde de Waal i juni 1833 med hvem han havde seks børn. De Waal døde i maj 1857. I maj 1858 giftede han sig med Marianna A.J. Storij van Blokland.

Noter

Politikere fra Nederlandene
Personer fra Groningen

Schelto van Heemstra


عرض الشرائح أو عرض الفيلم الشفاف ، أو الديابوراما  هي عملية عرض لمجموعة من الصور المختارة وذلك لأغراض فنية أو تعليمية، حيث يقوم العارض باستعمال جهاز إسقاط الشرائح أو غيرها من الوسائل التي تساعد على عرض الصور. وتتم العملية باستعمال برنامج حاسوبي كالباوربوينت لعرض الصور الثابتة أما للفيديو فاستعمال برامج سمعية بصرية يمكن أن يفي بالغرض.

مراجع

تقنيات التصوير
علم الحاسوب

عرض شرائح


Star City may refer to:

Places

Canada
Rural Municipality of Star City No. 428, Saskatchewan
Star City, Saskatchewan
Star City,  the original proposed name of Sewall, British Columbia

Russia
Star City, Russia
Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center located in Star City, Russia which is also referred to as "Star City"

United States
Star City, Arkansas
Star City, Illinois
Star City, Indiana
Lafayette, Indiana or Star City
Presque Isle, Maine or Star City
Star City, Michigan
Lincoln, Nebraska or Star City
Star City, Nevada
Miamisburg, Ohio or Ohio's Star City
Roanoke, Virginia
Star City, West Virginia

Other uses
Star City (amusement park), a theme park in Pasay, Philippines
Star City (shopping mall), a shopping complex in Seoul, South Korea
Star City, Birmingham, an entertainment complex in Birmingham, United Kingdom
Star City (comics),  a fictional city in DC comic books
The Star, Sydney or Star City Casino, a casino in Sydney, Australia
"Star City 2046", an episode of Legends of Tomorrow
"Star City 2040", an episode of Arrow

See also
"City of Stars", a song from the 2016 film La La Land
Roanoke, Virginia or Star City of the South

Star City


බැවේරියාවේ එලිසබෙත් අමාලී යුජිනී ආදිපාදවරිය  (24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898) was Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary from her marriage to Emperor Franz Joseph I on 24 April 1854 until her assassination in 1898.

Elisabeth was born into the royal Bavarian House of Wittelsbach. Nicknamed Sisi (also Sissi), she enjoyed an informal upbringing before marrying Emperor Franz Joseph I at the age of sixteen. The marriage thrust her into the much more formal Habsburg court life, for which she was unprepared and which she found uncongenial. Early in the marriage, she was at odds with her mother-in-law, Archduchess Sophie, who took over the rearing of Elisabeth's daughters, one of whom, Sophie, died in infancy. The birth of a son to the imperial couple, Crown Prince Rudolf, improved Elisabeth's standing at court, but her health suffered under the strain.  As a result, she would often visit Hungary for its more relaxed environment. She came to develop a deep kinship with Hungary and helped to bring about the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867.

The death of Elisabeth's only son and his mistress Mary Vetsera in a murder–suicide at his hunting lodge at Mayerling in 1889 was a blow from which the Empress never recovered. She withdrew from court duties and travelled widely, unaccompanied by her family. In 1890, she had the palace Achilleion built on the Greek island of Corfu. The palace featured an elaborate mythological motif and served as a refuge, which Elisabeth visited often. She was obsessively concerned with maintaining her youthful figure and beauty. In 1897, her sister, Sophie, died in an accidental fire at the Bazar de la Charité charity event in Paris. While travelling in Geneva in 1898, Elisabeth was mortally wounded by an Italian anarchist named Luigi Lucheni. Her tenure of 44 years was the longest of any Austrian empress.

References

Bibliography
 Nicole Avril: L'impératrice, Paris, 1993 ()
 Jennifer Bowers Bahney: Stealing Sisi's Star: How a master thief nearly got away with Austria's most famous jewel, (McFarland & Co., 2015 ()
Philippe Collas: Louis II de Bavière et Elisabeth d'Autriche, âmes sœurs, Éditions du Rocher, Paris/Monaco 2001 ()

 : Diaries (Tagebuchblätter, several editions in Modern Greek, German, French) ()
 Count Corti: Elizabeth, Empress of Austria (Thornton Butterworth: 1936) ()
 Barry Denenburg: The Royal Diaries: Elisabeth, The Princess Bride ()
 Stefan Haderer: Im Schatten Homers. Kaiserin Elisabeth in Griechenland. (NeoPubli: 2021) ()
 Stefan Haderer: Under the Spell of a Myth: Empress Sisi in Greece (KDP Publishing: 2022) ()
 Stefan Haderer: "Where an Empress used to lodge: Imperial Residences of Empress Elisabeth of Austria", Royalty Digest Quarterly, Vol. 01/2009, Rosvall Royal Books, Falköping 2009 () (44 pp.).
 Stefan Haderer: 'Empress Elisabeth's Final Odyssey", European Royal History Journal, Issue 64, Vol. 11.4, August 2008, Eurohistory, Arturo Beéche, East Richmond Heights, Calif.
 Brigitte Hamann: The Reluctant Empress: A Biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (Knopf: 1986) () (410pp.).
 Brigitte Hamann: Sissi, Elisabeth, Empress of Austria (Taschen America: 1997) () (short, illustrated).
 Ann Nibbs: The Elusive Empress (Youwriteon.com: 2008) () (372pp).
 Maura E. Hametz and Heidi Schlipphacke: 'Sissi's World: The Empress Elisabeth in Memory and Myth' (Bloomsbury: 2018) () (408 pp.).
 Matt Pavelich: Our Savage (Shoemaker & Hoard: 2004) () (270 pp.).
 Matteo Tuveri: "Elizabeth of Austria: A Beauvoirian perspective", Simone de Beauvoir Studies, Volume 24, 2007–2008, Published by the Simone de Beauvoir Society (California)
 Matteo Tuveri: Sissi: Myth and history, Journal Eco delle Dolomiti, Pinzolo (TN), Italy.
 Matteo Tuveri: Sissi becomes Lissy, L'Unione Sarda, 6 gennaio 2009, p. 40, Cagliari
 Matteo Tuveri: Specchi ad angoli obliqui. Diario poetico di Elisabetta d'Austria, Aracne, Rome, 2006 ()
 Matteo Tuveri: Tabularium. Considerazioni su Elisabetta d'Austria, Aracne, Rome, 2007 ()

External links

 Empress Elisabeth – Sisi
 Web site of the Italian biographer Matteo Tuveri: www.matteotuveri.it
 Sisi Museum of Vienna
 YouTube: Inner visit to Sisi Museum in Hofburg Palace, Vienna (min. 3:30)
 Empress Elisabeth at Tripod.com
 Sissi: myth and history – by Matteo Tuveri
 Elisabeth as a Young Mother and Wife
 The Empress was Assassinated
 What Happened to the Young Elisabeth at the Wedding night?
 The Land of Queen Elisabeth – The Royal Palace of Gödöllő

|-

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1837 births
1898 deaths
1898 murders in Europe
19th-century Austrian people
Assassinated royalty
Assassinated Austrian people
Austrian empresses
Austrian people murdered abroad
Austrian Roman Catholics
Austrian people of German descent
Austrian expatriates in Hungary
Bohemian queens consort
Burials at the Imperial Crypt
Deaths by stabbing in Switzerland
Duchesses in Bavaria
Female murder victims
German Roman Catholics
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
House of Wittelsbach
Hungarian queens consort
Lombardic queens consort
Murdered royalty
Nobility from Munich
People murdered in Switzerland
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St John
1898 murders in Switzerland

ඔස්ට්‍රියාවේ එලිසබෙත් අධිරාජිනිය


El XXIX Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilia se celebró en Milán (Italia) entre el 26 y el 28 de octubre de 1951 bajo la organización de la Federación Internacional de Halterofilia (IWF) y la Federación Italiana de Halterofilia.

En el evento participaron 62 halterófilos de 14 federaciones nacionales afiliadas a la IWF.

Medallistas

Medallero

Enlaces externos
Resultados en la pág. web Lift Up .

1951
Halterofilia en 1951

Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilia de 1951


Quinn Norton (født 1973) er en amerikansk journalist, fotograf og blogger, der dækker hackerkulturen, Anonymous, Occupy-bevægelsen, immaterialret og ophavsrets-emner og internettet. Hun har skrevet for Wired News, The Guardian, Maximum PC, og O'Reilly Media-publikationer som Make.

Norton skriver for tiden klummen Notes on a Strange World.

Norton har ved flere teknologikonferencer talt om kropsforandring, almindeligvis under overskriften "Body Hacking", lige som hun på New York University har afholdt kurset "Laboratory of the Self". Hun fik en magnet implanteret i sin ringfinger, hvad der lod hende føle magnetfelter. Magneten er senere fjernet igen.

Norton har beskrevet at man ved at skrive og eksekvere et computerprogram, der kunne skabe enhver mulig melodi, hvorved man teoretisk kunne hævde ophavsret til al musik.

Privatliv
Norton har været gift med Danny O'Brien.

Norton kom gennem tre år sammen med Aaron Swartz. Af artikler i The Atlantic og The New Yorker fremgår det, at anklagemyndigheden lagde pres på hende for at få hende til at give information eller vidneudsagn, der kunne bruges mod Swartz, men at hun benægtede at have viden, der kunne støtte anklagerne mod Swartz.

Noter

Eksterne links

 Personal blog
 Quinn Norton's articles for Medium
 Appearances on C-SPAN

Fotografer fra USA
Personer fra Los Angeles

Quinn Norton


Drengene på kanten er en dansk dokumentar- og reportageserie på ti afsnit fra 2016, der følger unge mænd mellem 18 og 25 år på Lolland gennem fire måneder. Anders Thomsen, der er redaktør på DR, udtaler om serien, at den "giver et sjældent indblik i, hvad der optager nogle af de unge, som ikke følger den lige vej gennem skolen, gymnasiet og de højere læreanstalter i storbyerne".

Serien blev sendt på DR3 med premiere den 3. oktober 2016. Sidste afsnit blev sendt den 7. november 2016. 1. sæson indeholdte seks almindelige afsnit samt et ekstraafsnit med Inger Støjberg.

Anden sæson, der var på fire afsnit, havde premiere den 20. august 2017.

Referencer

DR-programmer

Drengene på kanten


Rachel Adler (nascida Ruthelyn Rubin; 2 de julho de 1943 ) é professora de Pensamento Judaico Moderno e Judaísmo e Gênero no Hebrew Union College, no campus de Los Angeles.

Adler foi uma das primeiras teólogas a integrar as perspectivas e preocupações feministas nos textos judaicos e na renovação da lei e da ética judaicas. Sua abordagem de Deus é levinasiana e sua abordagem de gênero é construtivista .

Vida

Em 1971, enquanto se identificava como judia ortodoxa (embora anteriormente e mais tarde se identificasse como judia reformista ), publicou um artigo intitulado " O judeu que não estava lá: Halachá e a mulher judia ", na revista Davka ; segundo a historiadora Paula Hyman, este artigo foi pioneiro na análise do status das mulheres judias que utilizam o feminismo.

Em 1972, ela publicou um artigo intitulado " Tum'ah and Toharah: Ends and Beginnings ". Neste artigo, ela argumentou que a imersão ritual de uma niddah (uma mulher menstruada) em um micvê não "oprime ou denigre as mulheres". Em vez disso, ela argumentou, tal imersão constituía uma reencenação ritual de "morte e ressurreição" que, na verdade, era  "igualmente acessível a homens e mulheres". No entanto, ela finalmente renunciou a essa posição. Em seu ensaio " In Your Blood, Live: Re-visions of a Theology of Purity ", publicado em Tikkun em 1993, ela escreveu "pureza e impureza não constituem um ciclo pelo qual todos os membros da sociedade passam, como argumentei em meu ensaio [1972}. Em vez disso, impureza e pureza definem um sistema de classes em que as pessoas mais impuras são as mulheres."

Em 1983, ela publicou um ensaio no Moment intitulado "I've Had Nothing Yet, So I Can't Take More", no qual criticava a tradição rabínica de fazer das mulheres "um foco do sagrado em vez de participantes ativos em seus processos, " e declarou que ser uma mulher judia "é muito parecido com ser Alice na festa do chá do Chapeleiro. Não participamos na elaboração das regras, nem estávamos lá no início da festa."

Adler recebeu um PhD em Religião pela University of Southern California em 1997; sua tese de doutorado foi intitulada "Justiça e paz se beijaram: uma teologia feminista do judaísmo". Ela é autora de muitos artigos que apareceram em Blackwell's Companion to Feminist Philosophy, Beginning Anew: A Woman's Companion to the High Holy Days, Contemporary Jewish Religious Thought, Lifecycles, The Jewish Condition e On Being a Jewish Feminist.

Originalmente uma judia reformista, mas convertendo-se ao judaísmo ortodoxo na adolescência, Adler fez seu último lar espiritual no movimento reformista . Em 13 de maio de 2012, ela foi ordenada rabina pelo Seminário Reformista Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion em Los Angeles.

Em 2013, Adler se tornou a primeira pessoa a ocupar a cátedra Rabi David Ellenson em Pensamento Religioso Judaico no Hebrew Union College .

Ela foi premiada com o Prêmio do Livro da Fundação Tuttleman de 2000 do Gratz College e o Prêmio do Livro Judaico Nacional de Pensamento Judaico de 1999 pelo Conselho do Livro Judaico por seu livro Engendering Judaism: An Inclusive Theology and Ethics ; esta foi a primeira vez que o Prêmio Nacional do Livro Judaico para o Pensamento Judaico foi concedido a uma teóloga. Entre as contribuições do livro para o pensamento judaico estava a criação de um novo ritual, brit ahuvim, para substituir a cerimônia tradicional de casamento erusin, que Adler considerava não estar de acordo com os ideais feministas de igualdade entre os sexos.

 feminismo judaico
 Reforma do judaísmo
 O papel das mulheres no judaísmo

Referências

Nascidos em 1943
Alunos da Universidade do Sul da Califórnia
Feministas dos Estados Unidos
Pessoas vivas
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Rachel Adler


Filip Vukičević (Šibenik, 26. rujna 1988.), bivši je hrvatski košarkaš, igrač GKK Šibenika.

Karijera
Karijeru je započeo u mlađim uzrastima KK Šibenika, a 2012. godine prešao je u seniore kluba. Ubrzo je postao kapetanom seniorskog tima. Zbog problema s leđima, prekinuo je košarkašku karijeru sredinom 2016. godine. Trenutačno je športski direktor GKK Šibenika.

Uspjesi
 GKK Šibenik
 A-2 liga 2012./13. - prvaci
 A1 liga 2016./17. – 3. mjestopobjednik regularnog dijela

Izvori

Životopisi, Šibenik
Košarkaši GKK Šibenika

Filip Vukičević


La estación de Buire-sur-l'Ancre es una estación ferroviaria francesa, de la línea férrea París-Lille, situada en la comuna de Buire-sur-l'Ancre, en el departamento de Somme. Por ella transitan únicamente trenes regionales que unen Amiens con el norte de Francia.

Situación ferroviaria
La estación se encuentra en el punto kilométrico 148,983 de la línea férrea París-Lille.

Historia
Fue inaugurada en la segunda mitad del  por parte de la Compañía de Ferrocarriles del Norte. En 1937, la estación pasó a ser explotada por la SNCF.

La estación
La estación se compone de dos andenes laterales y de dos vías.

Servicios ferroviarios

Regionales
 Línea Amiens - Lille.
 Línea Amiens - Albert.

Enlaces externos

Estaciones de ferrocarril de Francia inauguradas en el siglo XIX
Estaciones de la línea París-Norte a Lille
Estaciones de ferrocarril del departamento de Somme

Estación de Buire-sur-l'Ancre


උතුරු වියට්නාම  ජාතිකයෝ 1958–1959 කාලය තුලදී ලාඕසය ආක්‍රමණය කළහ .

සොවානා ෆෝමා ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කළේ, මැතිවරණය පැවැත්වීම හා සමගම,  ජිනීවාහිදී එය එකඟවූ දේශපාලනමය පොරොන්දු රාජකීය ලාඕ රජය  විසින් ඉටු කර ඇතිබවත්, ජාත්‍යන්තර පාලක කොමිසම (ICC) දින නියමයක් නොමැතිව කල් තැබූ බවත්ය.

උතුරු වියට්නාමය විසින් ලාඕසය ආක්‍රමණය කිරීම


Atilla Yayla (d. 3 Mart 1957, Kırşehir), Türk siyaset bilimci, akademisyen ve köşe yazarı. Liberal Düşünce Topluluğu kurucuları ve eski başkanlarındandır.

Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi'nden lisans (1979), yüksek lisans (1982), doktora derecesi aldı (1986). Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi'nde öğretim üyeliği yaptı. Profesör Yayla Gazi Üniversitesinde uzun yıllar öğretim üyesi sıfatıyla bulunmuştur. (2000-2008) TDV, LDT, TSİD, MontPelerin cemiyeti gibi kurumlarda üyelikleri vardır. Liberal Düşünce Topluluğu kurucularındandır ve uzun süre başkanlığını yürütmüştür. Yorktown Internet University ve Center for New Europe üyesidir. Birleşik Krallık'ta (Buckingham Üniversitesi'nde) ve ABD'de birkaç defa farklı üniversitelerde ziyaretçi öğretim üyesi olarak bulunmuştur. Yeni Şafak ve Zaman gazetelerinde yazıları yayınlanmıştır. Atilla Yayla, Sinan Çetin'le birlikte Plato Film Okulu'nu meslek yüksek okuluna dönüştürerek, Gazi Üniversitesi öğretim üyeliğine son vermiştir. Plato Meslek Yüksekokulu Müdürlük görevini de yürütmüştür. Yayla, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölüm başkanlığı ve Öğretim Üyeliği yaptığı İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesinden ayrılmış ve bir süre Haliç Üniversitesinde öğretim görevlisi olarak çalışmıştır. Halen İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi bölümünde görev yapmaktadır.

23 Temmuz 2013-31 Ekim 2015 arasında Yeni Şafak gazetesinde köşe yazarlığı yaptı. Kasım 2016'dan beri Yeni Yüzyıl gazetesinin başyazarı olarak köşe yazılarına devam etmektedir.

Eserleri
 Terörizm Üzerine (1990, Ankara)
 Liberalizm (1992, Turan Kitabevi, Ankara; 1998, ikinci baskı, Liberte Yayınları, Ankara, 2003; Platofilm Yayınları (Sinan Çetin), İstanbul)
 Liberal Bakışlar (1993, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara)
 Sosyal ve Siyasal Teori (derleyen) (1994, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara)
 Kanun ve Düzen (F.A. Hayek'ten çeviri) (1994, İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları)
 Refah Partisi Üzerine (Melih Yürüşen ile birlikte) (1996, Türkçe ve Almanca)
 Siyasi Partiler Araştırması (Melih Yürüşen ile birlikte) (1996, Türkçe ve Almanca)
 Siyaset Teorisine Giriş (1998, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara)
 Devletçi Zihniyet ve Piyasa Ekonomisi (2000, Liberte Yayınları, Ankara)
 Demokrasiyi Koruma Kılavuzu (2001, Liberte Yayınları, Ankara)
 Piyasa Medeniyeti - Siyasi Düşünce Sözlüğü (2004, 2005, Liberte Yayınları, Ankara)
 İslam, Civil Society and Market Economy (derleyen) (1999, İngilizce, Liberte Yayınları, Ankara)
 Özgürlük Yolu: Hayek'in Sosyal ve İktisadi Felsefesi (2000, Liberte Yayınları, Ankara)
 İki Cumhuriyetin Kavgası (2008, Liberte Yayınları, Ankara)
 İktisat ve Hayat (2008, Liberte Yayınları, Ankara)
 Liberallik Demokratlık Tartışması (Etyen Mahçupyan ile birlikte) (2008, Liberte Yayınları, Ankara)

Dış bağlantılar
 Köşe Yazıları - Hür Fikirler
 Atilla Yayla ve Liberalizm
 Atilla Yayla: "Allah Bizi Kapitalizmden Uzak Düşürmesin" | Politik Akademi

Kaynakça

1957 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Kırşehir doğumlular
Türk liberaller
Resim aranan kişiler

Atilla Yayla


البصلة أو الدَّوْفَصَة  ساق نباتية متحورة تنمو تحت الأرض ويخزن فيها النبات غذاءه وبها تنتقل حياته من جيل إلى آخر.

تعد البصلة أسلوباً من أساليب التكاثر اللاجنسي لدى بعض أنواع النبات مثل أبصال الزينة والبصل والثوم والزنبق والتوليب والنرجس.

مراجع

أجزاء النبات
أزهار
تخزين طاقة
تسميات علم النبات
تكاثر النبات
علم تشكل النبات
نباتات الحدائق

بصلة


An Platanthera canbyi in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Oakes Ames, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carlyle August Luer. An Platanthera canbyi in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platanthera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Platanthera

Platanthera canbyi


Carl Marvin "Red" Meinhold (West Hazleton, Pensilvania, - Reading, Pensilvania, ) fue un jugador de baloncesto estadounidense que disputó dos temporadas en la BAA, y otras dos en la ABL. Con 1,88 metros de estatura, jugaba en la posición de escolta.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Jugó durante dos temporadas con los Blackbirds de la Universidad de Long Island.

Profesional
En  comenzó su carrera profesional con los Baltimore Bullets, donde jugó una temporada en la cual se proclamaron campeones de la BAA tras derrotar en las Finales a los Philadelphia Warriors por 4-2. Meinhold promedió 5,3 puntos por partido.

La temporada 1948-49 la inició con los Chicago Stags, pero mediada la misma fue traspasado a los Providence Steamrollers, donde acabó promediando 6,3 puntos y 1,1 asistencias por partido.

En 1949 fichó por los Scranton Miners de la ABL, con los que se proclamó campeón de liga esa misma temporada, siendo uno de los jugadores más destacados, promediando 9,7 puntos por partido. Jugó una temporada más en el equipo antes de retirarse definitivamente.

Estadísticas en la BAA

Temporada regular

Playoffs

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Ficha de Carl Meinhold en ultimatenba.com

Baloncestistas de Pensilvania
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de los Long Island Blackbirds
Baloncestistas de los Baltimore Bullets (original)
Baloncestistas de los Chicago Stags
Baloncestistas de los Providence Steamrollers
Baloncestistas de los Scranton Miners

Carl Meinhold


Miguel Alberto Restuccia (fallecido el 20 de junio de 2006 en Montevideo, Uruguay) fue el presidente del Club Nacional de Football que ejerció más años consecutivos en ese cargo: durante 12 años, desde 1968 hasta 1979.

Presidencia de Nacional
Restuccia no tenía experiencia previa como dirigente, al ganar las elecciones en 1967, y cuando se hizo cargo de la institución, la situación no era la mejor: por esos días Nacional estaba debilitado política y deportivamente, en lo que influía la presencia de Washington Cataldi al frente de Peñarol. Por si fuera poco, el club estaba inmerso en una situación económica muy complicada.

A pesar de todo esto, Restuccia se propuso formar un equipo de estrellas con el propósito de ser campeones de América y del mundo. Impulsó la idea de realizar un sistema de sorteos que permitió que ingresara mucho dinero al club, llamado «La Gran Jugada».

Esta recuperación permitió formar un gran equipo, con el cual Nacional conquistó su primer Copa Libertadores de América, y sus primeras Copas Intercontinental, Interamericana; además de cuatro campeonatos uruguayos en los años 1969, 1970, 1971 y 1972 (obtendría además uno más durante su mandato en 1977). Durante esa era, se logra mantener una racha de 16 clásicos consecutivos invictos contra el rival tradicional, desde 1971 hasta 1974. Además, concreta la compra de la actual concentración de «Los Céspedes» donde realiza importantes obras para mejorarla.

Posteriormente, Nacional sufrió un fuerte declive deportivo e institucional. Restuccia debió luchar contra la estructura de poder montada por la dictadura cívico-militar, lo que le valió duros enfrentamientos con dirigentes de otros clubes y del propio Nacional, árbitros, integrantes de la Confederación Sudamericana y varios periodistas (Víctor Hugo Morales fue uno de sus principales detractores).

Durante la dictadura, en el año 1979, Restuccia fue procesado varios meses con prisión junto con otros compañeros dirigentes, envueltos en un caso de estafa, pero la justicia posteriormente decretó el sobreseimiento de todos los delitos imputados a él y sus colegas.

Referencias

Presidentes del Club Nacional de Football
Ítalo-uruguayos

Miguel Restuccia


This is a List of notable Hindi language poets:

A
 Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana (1556–1627), composer, poet, and produced books on astrology
 Amir Khusrow (1253–1325), musician, scholar and poet
 Asad Zaidi (born 1954), poet, editor, publisher, translator
 Ashok Chakradhar (born 1951), author and poet
 Atal Bihari Vajpai (1924–2018), author, poet and orator

B
 Banarsidas (1586–1643), poet, businessman
 Bihari (1595–1663), poet, author
 Bhikhari Das (1721–?), poet
 Bharatendu Harishchandra (1850–1885), novelist, poet, playwright
 Bhawani Prasad Mishra (1913–1985), poet and author

C
 Choudhari Mulkiram (1910–1954) poet, philosopher and writer

D
 Dharmveer Bharti (1926–1997), poet, author, playwright and a social thinker
 Dushyant Kumar (1933–1975), poet of modern Hindustani

G
 Gafil Swami (born 1953), poet and journalist
 Geet Chaturvedi (born 1977), poet, short story author and journalist
 Gopal Singh Nepali (1911–1963), poet of Hindi literature and lyricist of Bollywood
 Gopal Prasad Vyas (1915–2005), poet, known for his humorous poems
 Gopaldas Neeraj (born 1924), poet and author
 Gulab Khandelwal (born 1924), poetry including some in Urdu and English
 Gulzar (born 1934), poet, lyricist, film director

H
 Harivansh Rai Bachchan (1907–2003), poet of Chhayavaad literary movement (romantic upsurge)
 Hemant Shesh (born 1952), writer, poet and civil servant
 Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu (1502–1552), Braj Bhasha poet-sant and bhakti religious leader

I
 Indra Bahadur Khare (1922–1953), Chhayavaad writer and poet

J
 Jagdish Gupt (1924–2001), Chhayavaad literary movement poet
 Jaishankar Prasad (1889–1937), novelist, playwright, poet
 Javed Akhtar (born 1945), poet, lyricist and scriptwriter
 Jwalamukhi (1938–2008), poet, novelist, writer and political activist
 Jyotsna Milan (1941–2014), poet, novelist, short story writer and editor

K
 Kabir (1440–1518), mystic poet and saint of India
 Kailash Vajpeyi (1936–2015)
 Kavi Bhushan (1613–1712), poet and scholar
 Kaka Hathrasi (1906–1995), satirist and humorist poet
 Kedarnath Agarwal (1911–2000), Hindi language poet and littérateur
 Kedarnath Singh (1934–2018), poet, critic and essayist
 Keshavdas (1555–1617), Sanskrit scholar and Hindi poet
 Kripalu Maharaj (1922–2013), spiritual master (Jagadguru) and a poet-saint
 Krishan Kumar Sharma "Rasik" (born 1983), Hindi, Punjabi, English and Urdu poet and writer
 Kumar Vishwas (born 1970), poet and professor
 Kunwar Bechain (1942–2021), professor and poet
 Kunwar Narayan (1927–2017), poet

L
 Laxminarayan Payodhi (born 1957), poet and researcher

M
 Mahadevi Varma (1906–1987), poet, freedom fighter, woman's activist and educationist
 Maithili Sharan Gupt (1886–1964), poet, politician, dramatist, translator
 Makhanlal Chaturvedi (1889–1968), Indian poet, writer, essayist, playwright and a journalist
 Meera (1498–1547), mystic singer and composer of Bhajans
 Mohan Rana (born 1964), poet
 Murari Lal Sharma Neeras (born 1936), poet and educator

N
 Nagarjun (1911–1998), poet, writer, essayist, novelist
 Naresh Mehta, poet and playwright
 Narottam Das (1550–1605), the writer of 'Sudama Charitra' and contemporary of Tulsidas
 Nathuram SharmaShankar (1859–1932), Hindi poet
 Nawal Kishore Dhawal (1911–1964), writer, poet, proof reader, editor, critic, journalist and author

O
 Om Prakash Aditya (1936–2009), poet

P

 Pawan Karan (born 1964), poet, writer, editor, journalist, columnist, social and political analyst
 Phoolchand Gupta (born 1958), poet, writer and translator
 Prabha Kiran Jain, poet and writer
 Prabha Thakur, poet, writer, composer and Indian politician
 Prasoon Joshi, advertiser, lyricist, and poet

R
 Rambhadracharya (born 1950), religious leader and educationist.
 Ramdhari Singh Dinkar (1908–1974), poet, essayist and academic
 Ram Ratan Bhatnagar (born 1914), scholar, professor, writer and critic of poetry and literature
 Rustam Singh (born 1955), poet, philosopher, translator and editor
 Ravindra Prabhat (born 1969), writer, poet, editor, critic, journalist and author

S
 Sachchidananda Vatsyayan (1911–1987), poet, writer, novelist, journalist, traveler
 Shivmangal Singh Suman (1915–2002), poet and academician
 Shail Chaturvedi (1936–2007), poet, humorist, lyricist, actor
 Shankardas Kesarilal Shailendra (1923–1966), poet, lyricist; known for his poetry used in Hindi cinema

 Sri Lal Sukla, author, writer
 Subhadra Kumari Chauhan (1904–1948), poet known for her emotionally charged songs
 Sudama Panday 'Dhoomil' (1936–1975), poet known for his revolutionary writings and protest-poetry
 Surdas (1467–1583), composer and devotional poet
 Sūdan (1700–1753), poet
 Sumitranandan Pant (1900–1975), Chhayavaad poetry, verse plays and essays
 Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' (1899–1961), poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer
 Suryakumar Pandey (born 1954), poet, writer

T
 Tara Singh, poet
 Teji Grover (born 1955), poet, fiction writer, translator and painter
 Tulsidas (1497/1532–1623), poet-saint, reformer and philosopher

U
 Uday Prakash (born 1952), scholar, poet, journalist, translator and short story writer

V
 Vishnu Khare (1940–2018), Hindi journalist, translator and poet
 Vrind (1643–1723), Braj bhasha poet

See also
List of Hindi-language authors
List of Indian poets
List of Indian writers

References

Lists of poets by language

Hindi poets
Poets

List of Hindi poets


Vertraute Fremde (jap. , Haruka na Machi e, dt. "in die entfernte Stadt") ist ein 1998 erschienener Manga von Jirō Taniguchi.

Handlung
Die Hauptfigur Hiroshi Nakahara landet durch Zufall auf einer Reise in seiner Geburtsstadt Kurayoshi, die er schon seit Langem nicht mehr besucht hat. Er besucht den Friedhof, am Grab seiner Mutter fällt er in einen Trancezustand, aus dem er als 14-jähriger Junge wieder erwacht. Als zweite Chance lebt er sein Leben als Jugendlicher erneut, jedoch mit der Erfahrung und dem Wissen eines erwachsenen Mannes. Ein wichtiges Ziel wird es für ihn, herauszufinden, warum sein Vater die scheinbar glückliche Familie plötzlich und ohne Erklärung verließ.

Veröffentlichungen
Auf Japanisch erschien der Manga bereits 1998 im Magazin Big Comic des Verlags Shogakukan; in deutscher Sprache jedoch erst 2008 im Carlsen Verlag. Der Manga diente als Vorlage für den Kinofilm Vertraute Fremde des Regisseurs Sam Garbarski aus dem Jahr 2010.

Kritiken

Auszeichnungen
Für den Manga erhielt Taniguchi 1998 den Preis für Exzellenz in der Kategorie Manga beim Japan Media Arts Festival und 2003 den Preis für das beste Szenario des Festival International de la Bande Dessinée d'Angoulême. 2008 folgte der deutsche Max-und-Moritz-Preis und Comic.de wählte Vertraute Fremde 2007 zum Comic des Jahres.

Weblinks
 Informationen auf der Website des Carlsen Verlags

Einzelnachweise

Manga (Werk)

Vertraute Fremde (Manga)


No islamismo xiita, Taqiya ou Taqiyya ( , literalmente "prudência, medo")  é uma dissimulação preventiva ou negação da crença e prática religiosa em razão de perseguição sofrida.

Um termo relacionado é Kitmān (lit. "ação de cobrir, dissimulação"), que tem um sentido  mais específico de dissimulação por silêncio ou omissão.

Esta prática é enfatizada no islamismo xiita, pelo qual os adeptos podem ocultar sua religião quando sob ameaça de perseguição ou compulsão. A prática é rejeitada no islamismo sunita. Existem dois elementos principais do conceito: evitar a divulgação da associação com os Imames ao fazê-lo pode expor a comunidade a perigos ou danos, e manter os ensinamentos esotéricos dos Imames escondidos daqueles que não estão preparados para recebê-los.

Taqiyya foi inicialmente  realizado sob coação por alguns dos companheiros de Maomé. Mais tarde, tornou-se particularmente importante para os xiitas devido à sua experiência como minoria religiosa perseguida. De acordo com a doutrina xiita, a taqiyya é permitida em situações em que há perigo esmagador de perda de vida ou propriedade e onde nenhum perigo para a religião ocorreria. Taqiyya também foi politicamente justificada particularmente entre os doze xiitas, a fim de manter a unidade entre os muçulmanos e a fraternidade entre os clérigos xiitas.

Yarden Mariuma, sociólogo da Universidade de Columbia, escreve: "Taqiyya é um termo jurídico  e islâmico cujo significado é mutável w se refere a quando um muçulmano é permitido, sob a lei da Sharia, a mentir. Um conceito cujo significado variou significativamente entre as seitas islâmicas, estudiosos, países e regimes políticos, é, no entanto, um dos termos-chave usados pelos recentes polemistas anti-muçulmanos."

Referências

Conceitos islâmicos
Controvérsias religiosas do islão
Palavras, frases e expressões em árabe
Islão
Perseguição religiosa

Taqiya (Islamismo)


Seedorf er en kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Lauenburgische Seen under Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg. Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg ligger i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Seedorf ligger ca. syv kilometer nord for Zarrentin am Schaalsee og ti kilometer øst for Mölln.
I kommunen ligger ud over Seedorf, landsbyerne Groß Zecher og Zuckerhut. Kommunen ligger vest for søerne Seedorfer Küchensee og Priestersee, og ved Groß Zecher ligger den ud til Schaalsee.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg

Seedorf (Lauenburg)


දොස්තර හොඳ හිත, ටයිටස් තොටවත්ත මහතා විසින් නිෂ්පාදනය කළ කාටුන් වැඩසටහනකි.

සිංහල හඬ කැවූ කාටූන්

දොස්තර හොඳ හිත


Timothy Warren Anglin (August 31, 1822 – May 4, 1896) was a Canadian politician and Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada.

Born in Clonakilty, County Cork, Ireland, Anglin emigrated at the age of 26 as part of the exodus caused by the Great Famine. Following a sectarian riot in New Brunswick between members of the Orange Order and Catholics, Anglin appealed for moderation and unity. This led him to take up the editorship of a new newspaper, The Freeman, in 1849, which made him an influential voice in the colony. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1861, and became an opponent of Canadian Confederation and of the government of Samuel Leonard Tilley which he helped defeat in 1865. Tilley returned to power the next year, however, with the defeat of the Anti-Confederation Party in the election. Anglin lost his own seat.

New Brunswick entered Confederation as a province in 1867 and Anglin won a seat in the new House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Gloucester in the country's first general election.

When the Liberals came to power in the 1874 election, the new Prime Minister of Canada, Alexander Mackenzie, nominated Anglin as Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada.

Anglin's term as Speaker was controversial. The Speaker is expected to act in a non-partisan manner and be above politics, but Anglin used his rulings as Speaker as opportunities to enter into partisan debate. Even more troubling to the opposition was that he retained his position as editor of a partisan newspaper during his term as Speaker, and used his position to write editorials berating the Opposition. Especially controversial was that his newspaper was given government printing contracts. Anglin was accused of violating the Independence of Parliament Act for accepting government printing contracts, and was censured by the House of Commons Committee on Privilege in 1877. Anglin was forced to resign as Speaker and as an MP, but was re-elected to the House of Commons in the by-election that was held to fill his seat. He was successfully renominated by Mackenzie to the position of Speaker.

Anglin's period as Speaker ended with the 1878 election that defeated the Liberal government. He remained in the House of Commons until he lost his seat in the 1882 election. Following his defeat, Anglin moved to Toronto and became editor of the Toronto Tribune. In the 1887 election, he was defeated in his bid to win a seat from the Ontario riding of Simcoe North.

Three of Anglin's nine children were notably successful; Francis Alexander Anglin was Chief Justice of Canada from 1924 to 1933, Arthur Whyte Anglin was a successful lawyer in private practice, and Mary Margaret Anglin became the first internationally renowned Canadian stage actress.

Electoral record
Simcoe North

References

External links

1822 births
1896 deaths
19th-century Irish people
Canadian male journalists
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation New Brunswick
Journalists from New Brunswick
Politicians from County Cork
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from New Brunswick
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Speakers of the House of Commons of Canada
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick

Timothy Anglin


Manglehorn, američka filmska drama iz 2014. godine.

Sažetak
Bravaru je prije nekoliko godina jedna žena slomila srce. Otad se osamio i povučeni bravar provodi dane skrbeći za svoju mačku. Utjehu je našao u poslu i žalu za davno izgubljenom ljubavi. Jednog je dana upoznao dobrodušnu blagajnicu u banci Dawn. Zainteresirala se za ekscentričnog osamljenika. Rodila se nada da bi ga mogla potaknuti otvoriti školjku u koju se zatvorio.

Američki filmovi 2010-ih

Manglehorn (2014.)


An Dendrobium pseudostriatellum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jeffrey James Wood ngan P.O'byrne. An Dendrobium pseudostriatellum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dendrobium

Dendrobium pseudostriatellum


Theodor Wilhelm Danzel henviser til:

 Theodor Wilhelm Danzel (filosof) (1818–1850) – tysk filosof og litteraturhistoriker
 Theodor Wilhelm Danzel (jurist) (1854–1902) – tysk jurist og politiker
 Theodor Wilhelm Danzel (etnolog) (1886–1954) – tysk etnolog

Theodor Wilhelm Danzel


Peter Gow (-) est un homme politique canadien de l'Ontario. Il est député provincial libéral de la circonscription ontarienne de Wellington-Sud de 1867 à 1876.

Biographie
Né à Johnstone en Écosse, Gow s'installe à Brockville dans le Canada-Ouest et ensuite à Guelph où il construit un moulin sur la .

Politique
Conseiller municipal de Guelph dès 1857, il occupe le poste de maire de 1866 à 1867. Élu député de Wellington-Sud en 1867, il est réélu par acclamation en 1871 et 1875 devant l'absence d'opposition conservatrice. Devenant Secrétaire provincial et Registraire en décembre 1871, c'est durant cette période que le gouvernement Mowat décide d'établie la  à Guelph .

Démissionnant pour raison de santé en 1876, il devient sheriff du comté de Wellington jusqu'à son décès à Guelph en 1886 en Ontario.

Résultats électoraux

Références
Peter Gow - Assemblée législative de l'Ontario

Naissance en novembre 1818
Député du Parti libéral de l'Ontario
Maire de Guelph
Décès en février 1886
Décès à Guelph
Décès à 67 ans

Peter Gow (homme politique)