Goethe University Frankfurt () is a public research university located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It was founded in 1914 as a citizens' university, which means it was founded and funded by the wealthy and active liberal citizenry of Frankfurt. The original name in German was Universität Frankfurt am Main. In 1932, the university's name was extended in honour of one of the most famous native sons of Frankfurt, the poet, philosopher and writer/dramatist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The university currently has around 45,000 students, distributed across four major campuses within the city.

The university celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2014. The first female president of the university, Birgitta Wolff, was sworn into office in 2015, and was succeeded by Enrico Schleiff in 2021. 20 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university, including Max von Laue and Max Born. The university is also affiliated with 18 winners of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize.

Goethe University is part of the IT cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar. The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, the Goethe University Frankfurt and the Technische Universität Darmstadt together form the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU).

History

The historical roots of the university can be traced back as far as 1484, when a City Council Library was established with a bequest from the patrician Ludwig von Marburg. Merged with other collections, it was renamed City Library in 1668 and became the university library in 1914. Depending on the country, the date of foundation is recorded differently. According to Anglo-American calculations, the founding date of Goethe University would be 1484. In Germany, the date on which the right to award doctorates is granted is considered the founding year of a university.

The modern history of the University of Frankfurt can be dated to 28 September 1912, when the foundation contract for the "Königliche Universität zu Frankfurt am Main" (Royal University at Frankfurt on the Main) was signed at the Römer, Frankfurt's town hall. Royal permission for the university was granted on 10 June 1914, and the first enrollment of students began on 16 October 1914. Members of Frankfurt's Jewish community, including the Speyer family, Wilhelm Ralph Merton, and the industrialists Leo Gans and Arthur von Weinberg donated two thirds of the foundation capital of the  University of Frankfurt.

The university has been best known historically for its Institute for Social Research (founded 1924), the institutional home of the Frankfurt School, a preeminent 20th-century school of philosophy and social thought. Some of the well-known scholars associated with this school include Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Jürgen Habermas, as well as Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, and Walter Benjamin . Other well-known scholars at the University of Frankfurt include the sociologist Karl Mannheim, the philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer, the philosophers of religion Franz Rosenzweig, Martin Buber, and Paul Tillich, the psychologist Max Wertheimer, and the sociologist Norbert Elias .
The University of Frankfurt has at times been considered liberal, or left-leaning, and has had a reputation for Jewish and Marxist (or even Jewish-Marxist) scholarship . During the Nazi period, "almost one third of its academics and many of its students were dismissed for racial and/or political reasons—more than at any other German university" . The university also played a major part in the German student movement of 1968.

The university also has been influential in the natural sciences and medicine, with Nobel Prize winners including Max von Laue and Max Born, and breakthroughs such as the Stern–Gerlach experiment.

In recent years, the university has focused in particular on law, history, and economics, creating new institutes, such as the Institute for Law and Finance (ILF) and the Center for Financial Studies (CFS) . One of the university's ambitions is to become Germany's leading university for finance and economics, given the school's proximity to one of Europe's financial centers. In cooperation with Duke University's Fuqua School of Business, the Goethe Business School offers an MBA program. Goethe University has established an international award for research in financial economics, the Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics.

Organization

The university consists of 16 faculties. Ordered by their sorting number, these are:
 01. Rechtswissenschaft (Law)
 02. Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Economics and Business Administration)
 03. Gesellschaftswissenschaften (Social Sciences)
 04. Erziehungswissenschaften (Educational Sciences)
 05. Psychologie und Sportwissenschaften (Psychology and Sports Sciences)
 06. Evangelische Theologie (Protestant Theology)
 07. Katholische Theologie (Roman Catholic Theology)
 08. Philosophie und Geschichtswissenschaften (Philosophy and History)
 09. Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften (Faculty of Linguistics, Cultures, and Arts)
 10. Neuere Philologien (Modern Languages)
 11. Geowissenschaften/Geographie (Geosciences and Geography)
 12. Informatik und Mathematik (Computer Science and Mathematics)
 13. Physik (Physics)
 14. Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy)
 15. Biowissenschaften (Biological Sciences)
 16. Medizin (Medical Science)

In addition, there are several co-located research institutes of the Max Planck Society:
 Max Planck Institute of Biophysics
 Max Planck Institute for Brain Research
 Max Planck Institute for European Legal History

The university is involved in the  (hessian.AI).

Campuses

The university is located across four campuses in Frankfurt am Main:

 Campus Westend:
Headquarters of the university, also housing Social sciences, Pedagogy, Psychology, Theology, Philosophy, History, Philology, Archaeology, Law, Economics and Business Administration, Human geography

 Campus Bockenheim:
University library, Mathematics, Computer science, Art history, Fine Arts

 Campus Riedberg:
Pharmacy, Physics, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biology, Geosciences and Geography

 Campus Niederrad:
Medical science, dentistry, university hospital

 Campus Ginnheim:

Sports.

Campus Westend
"Campus Westend" of the university is dominated by the IG Farben Building by architect Hans Poelzig, an example of the modernist New Objectivity style. The style for the IG Farben Building was originally chosen as "a symbol for the scientific and mercantile German manpower, made out of iron and stone", as the IG Farben director at the time of construction, Baron von Schnitzler, stated in his opening speech in October 1930.

After the university took over the complex, new buildings were added to the campus. On 30 May 2008, the House of Finance relocated to a new building designed by the architects Kleihues+Kleihues, following the style of the IG Farben Building. The upper floors of the House of Finance building have several separate offices as well as shared office space for researchers and students. The ground floor is open to the public and welcomes visitors with a spacious, naturally lit foyer that leads to lecture halls, seminar rooms, and the information center, a 24-hour reference library. The ground floor also accommodates computer rooms and a café. The floors, walls and ceiling of the foyer are decorated with a grid design that is continued throughout the entire building. The flooring is inspired by Raphael's mural, The School of Athens.

Goethe Business School
The Goethe Business School is a graduate business school at the university, established in 2004, part of the House of Finance at the Westend Campus and the IKB building. it is a non-profit foundation under private law held by the university. The chairman of the board at Goethe Business School, Rolf E. Breuer, is former chairman of the supervisory board of Deutsche Bank . Goethe Business School has a partnership in Executive Education with the Indian School of Business (ISB) in Hyderabad .

The Deutsche Bank Prize
The Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics honors renowned researchers who have made influential contributions to the fields of finance and money and macroeconomics, and whose work has led to practical and policy-relevant results. It is awarded biannually, since 2005, by the Center for Financial Studies, in partnership with Goethe University Frankfurt. The award carries an endowment of €50,000, which is donated by the Stiftungsfonds Deutsche Bank im Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft.

Notable people

Alumni
 Theodor W. Adorno (1903–1969), double Ordinarius of philosophy and sociology and member of the Frankfurt School
 Max Horkheimer, member of the Frankfurt School
 Alex Karp, co-founder of Palantir Technologies and American billionaire
 Jürgen Habermas, sociologist and a philosopher
 Hans Bethe, theoretical physicist (Nobel Prize 1967)
 Max Born, theoretical physicist and mathematician (Nobel Prize 1954)
 Paul Ehrlich, Nobel Prize Winner 1908
 Walter Gerlach, theoretical physicist
 Walter Hallstein (1901–1982), first President of the European Commission
 Helmut Kiener, psychologist turned investment professional, founder of the ponzi scheme K1 fund
 Vladimir Košak, economist, lawyer, politician and diplomat
 Josef Mengele, officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz. Also known by the name "Angel of Death"
 Oskar Dirlewanger, officer, who served as the founder and commander of the infamous Nazi SS penal unit "Dirlewanger" during World War II
 Boudewijn Sirks, professor of the history of ancient law from 1997 to 2005, later Regius Professor of Civil Law at Oxford
 Walter Greiner, theoretical physicist in high energy physics
 Alfred Schmidt, philosopher and translator
 Horst Stöcker, theoretical physicist
 Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, chemist
 Luciano Rezzolla, theoretical astrophysicist
 Hannah Elfner, head of simulations at the Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research and professor of physics at the Goethe University Frankfurt
 Alexander T. Sack, neuroscientist and cognitive psychologist
 Helma Wennemers, German organic chemist and professor
 Nancy Faeser, German politician
 Nina Eisenhardt (born 1990), German politician
 Hans-Hermann Hoppe, German author and economist

Nobel laureates
 Paul Ehrlich: 1908 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
 Max von Laue: 1914 Nobel Prize for Physics
 Otto Loewi: 1914 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
 Paul Karrer: 1937 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
 Otto Stern: 1943 Nobel Prize for Physics
 Max Born: 1954 Nobel Prize for Physics
 Alexander Robertus Todd: 1957 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
 Karl Ziegler: 1963 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
 Hans Bethe: 1967 Nobel Prize for Physics
 Niels Kaj Jerne: 1984 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
 Gerd Binnig: 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics
 Jean-Marie Lehn: 1987 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
 Hartmut Michel: 1988 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
 Reinhard Selten: 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics
 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard: 1995 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
 Horst Ludwig Störmer: 1998 Nobel Prize for Physics
 Günter Blobel: 1999 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
 Peter Grünberg: 2007 Nobel Prize for Physics

Rankings

According to the QS World University Rankings for 2024, the university holds a global position of 302 and ranks 18th nationally. In the 2024 edition of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, it is positioned between 201 and 250 internationally, and 22 to 24 within the country. The university achieved its highest national ranking in the 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), where it was placed between 151 and 200 globally, and 6 to 9 nationally.

The New York Times: Among the World's 10 best universities by employer choice. Goethe University was ranked 10 out of 150 universities in 2012.

Points of interest
Botanischer Garten der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, a botanical garden
 IG Farben Building

See also

 Frankfurt University Library
 List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)

References

External links

University homepage
Verified University Twitter account (in German)
Official University Instagram account (in German)

Universities and colleges established in 1914
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1914 establishments in Germany
Universities and colleges in Frankfurt

Goethe University Frankfurt


Saddle River may refer to:

Saddle River (Alberta), a tributary of the Peace River in Alberta, Canada
Saddle River (Passaic River tributary), New Jersey, U.S.
Saddle River, New Jersey, a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, U.S.
Saddle River Township, a township in Bergen County, New Jersey
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey
Saddle River String Band, a bluegrass group from Prince Edward Island, Canada

See also

Saddle River


Xenia er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2016 instrueret af Iben Haahr Andersen.

Handling
Xenia bor på en nedlagt gård mellem Horbelev og Nykøbing Falster med sin schæferhund. Han er 70 år, tidligere vognmand og går i kvindetøj. Han har endelig fundet en balance mellem en stille tilværelse på landet og et tilfredsstillende arbejdsliv. Gennem de sidste 20 år har han arbejdet som glædespige både hjemme på gården og forskellige steder i København. Filmen giver en kærlig skildring af hans unikke vej mod lykken.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2016

Xenia (dokumentarfilm)


DeVorzon ist der Nachname folgender Personen:

 Barry De Vorzon (* 1934), US-amerikanischer Komponist, Songwriter, Sänger und Musikproduzent
 Michael DeVorzon (* 1971), US-amerikanischer Schauspieler und Filmproduzent

DeVorzon


Paul Grunebaum-Ballin ( à Francfort-sur-le-Main-  à Paris) est un haut fonctionnaire et historien français.

Biographie
De 1904 à 1911, il est membre du cabinet d'Aristide Briant, où il travaille notamment sur la loi de séparation des Églises et de l'État.

De 1911 à 1933, il est président du conseil de préfecture de la Seine, excepté pendant la Première Guerre mondiale où il assiste le général Maurice Sarrail au sein de l'armée française d'Orient.

Il devient conseiller d'État en 1933, puis conseiller de Léon Blum. Il travaille alors sur les lois sociales de 1936, et préside la cour supérieure d'arbitrage entre 1938 et 1939.

Au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il participe à une commission chargée de la nationalisation de l'électricité et du gaz.

Il meurt le . Il avait épousé Cécile Mayer (1882-1983).

Distinctions
 .

Bibliographie
 Bibliographie sur le site de la BNF

Notes et références

Liens externes

Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur promu en 1938
Conseiller d'État français
Naissance en mars 1871
Naissance à Francfort-sur-le-Main
Décès en février 1969
Décès dans le 4e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 97 ans

Paul Grunebaum-Ballin


Abrunheira ist eine Ortschaft und eine Gemeinde in der portugiesischen Region Centro.

Geschichte
Lokale Funde wie Fibeln und Keramikgegenstände belegen die vorgeschichtliche und römische Besiedlung. Die römische Vergangenheit belegen zudem Dokumente eines Grundstücktausches zwischen dem Kloster Seiça und den Kirchenoberen der Igreja de Santa Maria da Alcáçova von 1139, die den lateinischen Namen Rebelles römischen Ursprungs nennen. In den neu geordneten Verwaltungsrechten (Foral) durch König Manuel wurde Anfang des 16. Jh. dann schon der Ort Revelles genannt, mit 150 Einwohnern. Abrunheira selbst wird im Kataster von 1527 erstmals als Brunheiro geführt (siehe auch unter "Name"). Es war Sitz eines eigenen Kreises von 1836 bis 1844 und wurde dann dem Kreis Verride zugeordnet. Der gesamte Kreis kam mit dessen Auflösung 1853 zu Montemor-o-Velho.

Am 8. März 1928 wurde die bis dahin eigenständige Gemeinde Reveles aufgelöst und mit Abrunheira zusammengefasst.

Name
Die Bezeichnung Abrunheira stammt von Abrunho, dem portugiesischen Namen des Schlehdorns (lat.Prunus spinosa). Durch die Zeiten hat sich der Name stetig verändert, mit den historischen Varianten Brunhedo, Brunhido, Benuinhedo, Bruinheira, Bruinhedo und Brunheiro.

Verwaltung
Abrunheira ist Sitz einer gleichnamigen Gemeinde (Freguesia) im Landkreis (Concelho) von Montemor-o-Velho, im Distrikt Coimbra. Am  hatte die Gemeinde  Einwohner auf einer Fläche von  km².

Die Gemeinde besteht aus folgenden Ortschaften:
 Abrunheira
 Reveles
 Presalves
 Carril

Im Zuge der kommunalen Neuordnung Portugals nach den Kommunalwahlen am 29. September 2013 wurde die Gemeinde Abrunheira mit den Gemeinden Vila Nova da Barca und Verride zur neuen Gemeinde União das Freguesias de Abrunheira, Verride e Vila Nova da Barca zusammengeschlossen. Sitz der neuen Gemeinde wurde Abrunheira.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
Zu besichtigen sind die Kirche Capela de Santo António, die Hauptkirche Igreja Matriz, nach ihrer Schutzpatronin auch Igreja da Nossa Senhora da Graça (dt.: Kirche Unserer Lieben Frau der Anmut) und das barocke Herrenhaus Solar dos Ornelas/Nápoles aus dem 17. Jh. Die Kirche und das Herrenhaus stehen unter Denkmalschutz.

Gemeinwesen

Eine Gesundheitsstation des Kreiskrankenhauses ist hier eingerichtet, mit einer Apotheke in der Nachbarschaft. Es gibt eine Grundschule und eine Vorschule, eine öffentliche Bibliothek in der Casa do Povo, ein Kulturzentrum mit Musikschule in den Räumen der Musikkapelle, und ein Altenheim mit angegliederten Pflegediensten, von der Casa do Povo, in der auch Sporteinrichtungen untergebracht sind. Die Gemeinde unterhält zudem zwei offen zugängliche Ausflugsplätze.

Vereine

 In Abrunheira existiert die 1881 gegründete Musikkapelle mit angeschlossener Musikschule Filarmónica Instrução e Recreio de Abrunheira. Sie hat wiederholt Gastspiele in Deutschland und vielen anderen Ländern gegeben und 1999 ihre erste CD aufgenommen, der bis 2004 zwei weitere folgten.

 Der Kulturverein Grupo Recreativo Revelense wurde im Mai 1941 in Reveles gegründet und führt neben seinen vielfältigen kulturellen Aktivitäten auch einen öffentlich zugänglichen Internetzugang (NetBar) und bietet Computerlehrgänge an. Seine Sportschützenabteilung nimmt an landesweiten Turnieren teil.

 Im Veranstaltungs- und Versammlungssaal der 1961 gegründeten Casa do Povo de Abrunheira finden Veranstaltungen der Folklore, Musik und andere kulturelle Aktivitäten statt, etwa die jährliche Kunstausstellung "mostr´Arte" oder die eigene Theatergruppe ("Curral da Mula"). Die sozialen Einrichtungen umfassen mobile und eigene stationäre Altenpflege, Kinderbetreuung, Berufsfortbildung und Informationsveranstaltungen zu Themen der Gesundheit, Prävention u. a.

 Der 1984 gegründete lokalen Kulturförderkreis Mensagem ist vielfältig aktiv. So organisiert er eigene Theatervorstellungen, nimmt an Mittelaltermärkten in ganz Portugal teil, und arbeitet in sozialen Dingen eng mit der Caritas zusammen.

 Die Associação Desportiva de Caçadores da Região da Abrunheira ("Regionaler Jagd- und Sportverein von Abrunheira") ist eine Vereinigung von Jagdvereinigungen aus Verride, Ereira und Abrunheira, mit Sitz in Abrunheira, wo sie eigene Einrichtungen u. a. mit Schießplatz führen.

Feste
Die Festa de Corpo de Deus ("Fest des Leib Gottes") wird jährlich zu variablen Terminen in Abrunheira und Reveles gefeiert.
Am 3. Sonntag im August findet in Abrunheira die Festa de Nossa Senhora da Graça ("Fest unserer Lieben Frau der Danksagung") statt.
Die Festa de Nossa Senhora da Saúde ("Fest unserer Lieben Frau der Gesundheit") hat ihren Termin am 1. Sonntag im August in Reveles.
Dort wird auch am 2. Sonntag des Septembers die Festa de Nossa Senhora do Ó ("Fest unserer Lieben Frau von O") gefeiert.

Wirtschaft
Die lokale Genossenschaftsbank Caixa de Crédito Agrícola Mútuo, die Caixa de Crédito Agrícola Mútuo do Baixo Mondego, unterhält hier ihren Hauptsitz, der zugleich der einzige Bankschalter des Kreises außerhalb der Kreisstadt Montemor-o-Velho ist. Daneben existieren kleinere Unternehmen (Gastronomie, Apotheke, Steuerberatung, Bestattungen, Handel).

Verkehr

Der Bahnhof von Reveles ist ein Haltepunkt des Ramal de Alfarelos, einem Abschnitt der Eisenbahnstrecke, die von Coimbra über Alfarelos nach Figueira da Foz führt.

Über die Kreisstraße ist Abrunheira mit der 10 km entfernten Kreisstadt Montemor-o-Velho und ihrem Anschluss an die A14 angebunden. Nicht weit entfernt sind die Autobahnanschlüsse Marinha das Ondas (A17) und Condeixa-a-Nova (A1).

Literatur
 João Fonseca: Dicionário do Nome das Terras. 2. Auflage, Casa das Letras, Cruz Quebrada 2007, ISBN 978-972-46-1730-5.

Weblinks

 Offizielle Webseite der Gemeindeverwaltung, mit allen hier zu lesenden Daten
 Lageplan der Gemeinde im Kreis

Einzelnachweise

Montemor-o-Velho
Ehemaliges Município in Portugal

Abrunheira


is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by the manga artist Osamu Tezuka. Tezuka's childhood memory of his friends pronouncing  as dororo inspired the title of the series. Dororo was first serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday between August 1967 and July 1968, before being cancelled. The manga was then concluded in Akita Shoten's Bōken'ō magazine in 1969.

A 26-episode anime television series adaptation produced by Mushi Productions aired in 1969. The anime series bears the distinction of being the first entry in what is now known as the World Masterpiece Theater series (Calpis Comic Theater at the time). Dororo was also made into a live-action film in 2007. A 24-episode second anime television series adaptation by MAPPA and Tezuka Productions aired from January to June 2019.

Plot
Dororo revolves around a rōnin named  and young orphaned thief named  during the Sengoku period. The rōnin was born malformed, limbless and without facial features or internal organs. This was the result of his birth father daimyō Kagemitsu Daigō forging a pact with 48 sealed demons so that he might rule the land and increase its wealth and prosperity. In return, he promised the demons anything that they wanted which belonged to him. This enabled them to roam free and commit atrocities along the countryside.

After his mother Nui no Kata was forced to set him adrift on the river, lest he be killed by his father, the infant was subsequently found and raised by Jukai, a medicine man who used healing magic and alchemist methods to give the child prostheses crafted from the remains of children who had died in the war. The boy became nearly invincible against any mortal blow as a result of the prostheses and healing magic. Grafted into his left arm was a very special blade that a traveling storyteller presented to Jukai, believing it was fated to be within his possession given that ever since the boy had been discovered, the doctor had been visited by goblins. As revealed in a short tale about the blade's origin, the blade had been forged out of vengeance to kill goblins as well as other supernatural entities.

After the sensei was forced to send him on his way because he was attracting demons, the young man learned from a ghostly voice of the curse that had been set upon him at birth and that by killing the demons responsible he could reclaim the stolen pieces of his body and thus regain his humanity. Across his travels, he earned the name  among other names for his inhuman nature. On one such hunt of a demon, Hyakkimaru came across a young orphan thief named Dororo who thereafter travels by his side through the war-torn countryside. When Hyakkimaru met Dororo, he had already killed 15 demons.

Throughout their journey, Hyakkimaru killed six more demons, bringing the total to 21. Along the way, Hyakkimaru learns that Dororo was hiding a big secret. Dororo's father, Bandit Hibukuro, hid money he saved up on his raids on Bone Cape to later be distributed to the people squeezed dry by the samurai. Itachi, a bandit who betrayed Hibukuro and sided with the authorities, crippled Hibukuro. Hibukuro escaped with limping legs, along with his wife and young child. Hibukuro dies trying to let his remaining family escape. Fearing that she, too, will die, Ojiya had prayed to Buddha and, with her blood, drew the map that will lead him to Bone Cape. Three days later, she froze to death.

Itachi kidnapped Dororo and used the map on "his" back to lead them to Bone Cape. A mysterious boatman ferried them to the Cape but he had two demon sharks with him. One of the sharks ate half of Itachi's bandits while the other shark left with the boatman. However, Dororo and the remaining bandits managed to kill the shark. When the boatman and the second shark returned, Dororo was able to separate the boatman and the shark. Hyakkimaru arrived to stab the shark in one of its eyes, but It escaped. They held the boatman prisoner and then they landed on Bone Cape.

The boatman told the thirsty bandits of a spring not too far from their camp, and they went to drink, leaving Itachi, Dororo, the boatman and Hyakkimaru. Dororo later found their corpses and blood leading to the half-blind shark. Hyakkimaru killed the shark and the boatman, then recovered his real voice. Itachi went to search for the money but only found a letter from Hibukuro saying that he hid it somewhere else. The Magistrate arrived under the pretense of getting rid of the bandits but actually came for the treasure. Hyakkimaru, Dororo, and Itachi kill them, but Itachi was left for dead. Hyakkimaru and Dororo continued on their journey.

Sometime later Hyakkimaru learns that his father, Kagemitsu Daigo, was possessed by the 48 demons, and went to slay him. Things were going badly on the Daigo clan's land, and the citizens were forced to build a fort for him. The slaves were planning a rebellion, but one of the slaves told Kagemitsu of their plans, and he was prepared. His archers shot and killed many slaves and the remainder hid in a tunnel they had built under the fort.

Hyakkimaru left Dororo and ran into the fort. Dororo joined the slaves in their ambush, but Kagemitsu Daigo's soldiers caught Dororo. To prove his loyalty, Kagemitsu told Hyakkimaru to kill Dororo. Hyakkimaru acted as if he was about to kill Dororo but turned around and threw his sword into the dark stabbing the physical manifestation of the 48 demons, however, some of them managed to escape. The slaves charged through the tunnel and attacked Kagemitsu's soldiers. Kagemitsu, weak because of the slain demons, escaped with his wife Nui.

After he regained his eyes, Hyakkimaru figured out that Dororo is female, though Dororo rejects the notion and refers to himself as a boy despite Hyakkimaru's insistence to act more feminine. This is in part due to Dororo being raised as a boy by his parents in order to be tough. Hyakkimaru also wanted Dororo to fight with the farmers against those in power because Dororo's father was a farmer. Hyakkimaru gave his sword to Dororo, the one that he had desired throughout the series. Hyakkimaru planned to continue his journey alone, agreeing to meet Dororo again when Hyakkimaru's body was whole. They parted with Dororo crying at the doors. It was not until 20 years later that the last of the 48 demons was slain.

Characters
Characters and voice actors appearing in the anime and video game.

 (video game)
Hyakkimaru is a teenage rōnin during the Sengoku period and the eldest son of Lord Kagemitsu Daigo and Lady Nui no Kata. Due to a pact forged by his father with 48 demons, the unnamed baby was born malformed, limbless and without facial features or internal organs. The infant was set adrift in the river and was subsequently found and raised by Dr. Jukai who gave the mute child prostheses including special blades grafted into his hard-clay arms forged out of vengeance to kill supernatural entities and regain his true human body. The boy became nearly invincible as a result of the prostheses and nearly heightened senses as he regains each part of his body. During his travels, he earned the name "Hyakkimaru" among other names for his inhuman nature, such as "Dororo" whom he had given to the orphan "boy" he befriends and journeys with to fulfill his quest in rightfully becoming whole.

 (video game)
Dororo is an orphaned thief who joins Hyakkimaru in his travels and adventures. For the better part of the series the viewer is led to believe Dororo is a boy. In the original manga and 1969 anime adaptation, Hyakkimaru learns that Dororo is a girl; with the latter freaking-out if Hyakkimaru knows (in the 2019 anime it is revealed early on, though Hyakkimaru makes no note of it. Due to his soulsight, it is doubtful he knows what gender is). Raised by her parents as a boy, Ojiya was the only other female in her formative years and Dororo adopted the masculine speech pattern (rude and abrasive) and ambling stances of the bandits around her. Dororo's father, Hibukuro, was wounded by a samurai official (in the 2019 anime he is betrayed by his 2nd-in-command, Itachi) and later died. Dororo's mother, Ojiya, froze to death while fleeing in the snow (she dies of starvation in the 2019 anime), but before she died she drew a map on Dororo's back to locate money hidden by "his" brigand father at Bone Cape. This tattoo only appears when her back is warmed. She learns of it while in a bath. In the epilogue of the 2019 anime, she reunites with a fully human Hyakkimaru as a lovely young woman, wearing the same color scheme as her deceased mother.

 (video game)
Hyakkimaru's father and Samurai in the Muromachi period, Lord of Ishikawa and vassal to the governor of Kaga Province. Out of a lust for power, he forged a pact with 48 demons where each could obtain a piece of his newborn child's body. The 2019 anime tweaks his motives, where he made a pact with the 12 demons for the prosperity of his land out of desperation as it suffered from famines, epidemics, droughts and disasters, even if he retains his ambitious and cold characteristics.

 (video game)
 Younger brother of Hyakkimaru and the second son of Kagemitsu Daigo. Born after Hyakkimaru was abandoned. He dies in the same chapter he is introduced in the manga, but the 2019 anime expands his role and presents him as a young man who cares about his father's land. At first, he hates the sins committed to his older brother, but quickly finds out that the prosperity is reliant upon Hyakkimaru's suffering. In their first duel, Hyakkimaru escapes by slicing Tahomaru's right eye in a riposte; it is doubtful Hyakkimaru did this on purpose, as he was greatly outnumbered and trying to find cover. After this battle, Tahomaru grows increasingly unstable and trains relentlessly to accommodate his missing eye and changed depth perception.

 (video game)
A skilled doctor and surgeon who used healing magic and alchemical methods to create prostheses for the child who became Hyakkimaru. The 1969 anime renames him .

An unnamed blind travelling monk and a biwa hōshi (lute priest). He is an excellent swordsman who carries a sword inside his biwa. He is named Biwamaru and the narrator in the 2019 anime.

 (video game)
Hyakkimaru's first love, a beautiful young woman who took care of orphaned children by begging food from soldiers. In the manga and 1969 anime she died before the action starts and therefore is seen only in flashbacks, but in the 2019 anime she shows up in the present and meets Hyakkimaru shortly after he regains his hearing. She sings a lot and her voice is the only thing he can tolerate until he gets used to all the new noises. She gains food and money by prostituting herself to the two armies. Dororo finds this out by following her one night. She dies protecting the other children from a raid ordered by Kagemitsu. Kagemitsu's scouts find her going in and out of the rival camp and assume she is a spy. Hyakkimaru is unable to defend them because he was a returning from killing a demon.

A bandit and 2nd-in-command, who betrayed Dororo's father Hibukuro and sided with the authorities. He later kidnapped Dororo to get the map to find the money hidden by Hibukuro. He was about a day behind Ojiya and Dororo, when she the first died in a red lily field. He found her shallow grave and dug it up, to get to her back tattoo. He was eventually betrayed himself, used as bait by his lord, and accepts what Hibukuro always said: The nobles do not care about them. He and a few other samurai survive and return to a life of brigands, looking for Dororo and the treasure.

A puppy wearing a hat that travels with Hyakkimaru. Original to the 1969 anime. Makes a cameo appearance in the first episode of the 2019 anime.

Media

Manga
Dororo was first serialized in Weekly Shōnen Sunday between August 27, 1967, and July 22, 1968, before being cancelled. Parallel to the anime broadcast, the manga was then moved and concluded in Akita Shoten's Bōken Ō magazine from May to October 1969. Akita Shoten published the manga in four tankōbon volumes between August 12, 1971, and May 20, 1972. As part of its Osamu Tezuka Manga Complete Works edition, Kodansha compiled the manga into four volumes published between March 12 and June 12, 1981. Akita Shoten republished the manga in a three-volume deluxe edition between August 23 and October 18, 1990, and a new three-volume bunkobon edition under its Akita Bunko imprint on March 28, 1994. On November 11, 2009, Kodansha published the series in a two-volume edition.

In 2008, Vertical Inc. released an English translation of Dororo in three volumes, published between April 29 and August 26. In 2009, it won the Eisner Award in the "Best U.S. Edition of International Material—Japan" division. In 2012, Vertical republished the manga in a single volume edition on March 20.

On November 2, 2012, a manga crossover one-shot was published featuring Dororo and Dororon Enma-kun'''s Emma. In 2013, it was expanded into a full series.

From 2018 to 2020, a manga reinterpretation of Dororo, illustrated by Atsushi Kaneko, set in a futuristic, apocalyptic world with the main characters gender-swapped, titled Search and Destroy, was published by Micro Magazine's TezuComi. Its chapters were collected in three volumes.

A remake manga illustrated by Satoshi Shiki, titled , started in Akita Shoten's Champion Red on October 19, 2018.

Novels
A novel written by Masaki Tsuji and illustrated by Hideki Kitano was published by Asahi Sonorama in September 1978; it was later reprinted in January 2007. A three-volume series, written by Jinzō Toriumi, were published by  in 2001;  was released in July;  was released in September; and  was released in November. A two-volume novelization of the live-action film, written by , was released by The Asahi Shimbun on December 7, 2006.

Film

A live action film directed by Akihiko Shiota was released in 2007.

Anime

The first anime series, animated by Mushi Production, was broadcast on Fuji TV between April and September 1969 for 26 episodes. It was directed by Gisaburou Sugii, with music by Isao Tomita. Unlike the manga, the anime version has a conclusive ending. In 2008, Anime Sols began a crowd-funding project for official streaming of the show. Funding for the first half of the show reached its goal, and the funding continued for the second half. However, Anime Sols folded, and Discotek Media picked up the project and released it on DVD in 2016, including the show's color pilot in the set.

A 24-episode second anime television series adaptation by MAPPA and Tezuka Productions was announced in March 2018. The series aired from January 7 to June 24, 2019 through Amazon. The anime aired on Tokyo MX, BS11, and Jidaigeki Senmon Channel. Kazuhiro Furuhashi directed the series, with Yasuko Kobayashi handling series composition, Satoshi Iwataki handling character designs, and Yoshihiro Ike composing the music. Twin Engine produces the series. The first opening theme  is performed by Queen Bee, while the first ending theme  is performed by Amazarashi. The second opening  is performed by Asian Kung-Fu Generation and the second ending theme  is performed by Eve. On March 31, 2021, it was announced Sentai Filmworks has licensed the anime for home video release and will produce an English dub for the series.

Video game

Developer Sega made a Dororo-based video game for the PlayStation 2 console in 2004. It was released in the United States and Europe under the title Blood Will Tell. The game's artwork was done by renowned manga artist Hiroaki Samura. Dororo'' was not very successful commercially or critically, scoring a 69% average at GameRankings.

See also

List of Osamu Tezuka anime
List of Osamu Tezuka manga
Osamu Tezuka's Star System

References

External links
 Dororo at Tezuka Osamu @ World — Official site for Tezuka Osamu's works
 Official Dororo page at Vertical, Inc.

Action anime and manga
Dark fantasy anime and manga
Demons in anime and manga
Eisner Award winners
Fiction about curses
Historical fantasy anime and manga
Manga adapted into films
Osamu Tezuka manga
Shogakukan manga
Shōnen manga
Vertical (publisher) titles
Yōkai in anime and manga

Dororo


Michael Corbett Shannon (n. 7 august 1974) este un actor și muzician american. A devenit cunoscut pentru rolul său din filmul 8 Mile (2002), în care l-a jucat pe prietenul mamei personajului lui Eminem (Kim Basinger). În 2008 a fost nominalizat la Premiul Oscar pentru cel mai bun actor în rol secundar pentru interpretarea lui John Givings din Nonconformiștii.

Filmografie

Film

TV

Note

Legături externe

 Corporal (site oficial)

Nașteri în 1974
Nașteri pe 7 august
Actori americani

Michael Shannon


An Indocalamus hispidus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Hui Ru Zhao ngan Ya Ling Yang. An Indocalamus hispidus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Indocalamus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Indocalamus

Indocalamus hispidus


Das Kloster Zarnowitz ist ein ehemaliges Zisterzienser- und späteres Benediktiner-Nonnenkloster in Zarnowitz (poln. Żarnowiec) in der historischen Region Westpreußen.

Geschichte

Das Dorf Zarnowitz (heute polnisch Żarnowiec) östlich des Zarnowitzer Sees nordwestlich von Danzig war bereits zwischen 1215 und 1220 eine Eigentumsortschaft des Klosters Oliva gewesen. Der pomerellische Fürst Subislaus (auch Subislaw), ein Sohn von Sambor I., hatte es 1215  neben dem Dorf Rumna (später Rahmel)  und anderen Gütern dem Kloster geschenkt. Vor 1235 gründete das Kloster Oliva hier eine Filiale für Nonnen des Zisterzienserordens. Das geht aus einer von Herzog Swantopolk II. im Jahr 1235 ausgestellten Urkunde hervor, mit der er dem Kloster Oliva alle seine Güter bestätigte, darunter auch das Nonnenkloster in Sarnowitz.
Als Ausstattung wurde dem Nonnenkloster das Dorf Sarnowitz übereignet. Seit 1257 besaß das Nonnenkloster außerdem das im benachbarten Herzogtum Pommern, an der westlichen Seite des Zarnowitzer Sees gelegene Dorf Wierschutzin (Wierzchucino); es hatte es in Belgard von Swantopolk II. mit Zustimmung des Herzogs Ratibor von Pomerellen geschenkt bekommen. Swantopolk hatte das Dorf gleichzeitig von allen Zöllen für Personen, Sachen und Schiffe befreit und den Dorfbewohnern außerdem das Recht eingeräumt, in der Ostsee zu fischen. In den Urkunden des Klosters Oliva tauchen noch drei weitere Dörfer auf, die als "Dörfer der Nonnen" bezeichnet werden. Im Jahr 1276 bestätigt der pommerellische Herzog Mestwin II. dem Kloster Zarnowitz den Besitz des Dorfes Dirschau; 1277 bestätigt er dem Kloster den Besitz des Dorfes Zarnowitz und schenkt ihm außerdem das Dorf Odargau.

Einer mündlichen Überlieferung zufolge stellten sich die Nonnen und Mönche des Klosters 1433 wegen der Bedrohung durch Hussiten-Horden, die auf polnischer Seite gegen den Deutschordensstaat kämpften, unter den Schutz der Stadt Danzig. Im selben Jahr suchten auch die Mönche des Klosters Oliva, das ebenfalls von den Hussiten bedrängt wurde, Schutz in Danzig. Im Jahr 1486 war Abt Nikolaus vom Kloster Oliva der Vorsteher des Klosters Zarnowitz. Im Jahr 1440 starben elf Nonnen an der Pest. 1462 wurde das Kloster während der Schlacht bei Schwetzin zwischen den Deutschordensrittern und einer polnischen Heerschar in Mitleidenschaft gezogen.

1583 besaß das Nonnenkloster bereits sieben Dörfer, den Zarnowitzer See und Wiesen an der Ostsee. Bis 1590 blieb das Kloster unter der Aufsicht des Klosters Oliva. Während der Reformationszeit wurde das Kloster aufgelöst; Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts lebten im Kloster nur noch drei Nonnen.

Anschließend wurde das Kloster von Nonnen des Benediktinerordens in Kulm aufgekauft, in ein selbständiges Benediktiner-Nonnenkloster umgewandelt und mit neuem Leben erfüllt. In der Klosterschule erlernten junge Mädchen Handarbeiten, unter anderem auch die Stickerei-Kunst. Eine tatkräftige Äbtissin um das Jahr 1762 war Hedwig von Kalkstein, unter der das Klostergebäude erweitert wurde. Das Kloster galt als reich.

Im Rahmen des preußischen Kulturkampfs gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde das Kloster erneut geschlossen. Grund und Boden wurden von einem Treuhänder übernommen. Das Kloster mit seinen Wirtschaftsgebäuden wurde als landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb genutzt, ein Zustand, der bis 1945 anhielt. Bald darauf wurde das Kloster vom Benediktinerinnen-Orden neu gegründet. Das Inventar war erhalten geblieben.

Die Anfänge der Klosterkirche, die nur ein Schiff hat, gehen auf das 14. bis 15. Jahrhundert zurück. Umbauten wurden im 17. Jahrhundert und Renovierungen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert vorgenommen. Beim letzten Umbau, der 1898 stattfand, wurde der vorher vorhanden gewesene Barockhelm entfernt und durch ein einfaches Dach ersetzt. Beim Umbau von 1850 wurde der Chorraum für die Nonnen verkleinert.

Seit dem 17. Jahrhundert umgibt Kloster und Klosterkirche eine Klostermauer. Außerhalb der Klostermauern befindet sich ein zum Stift gehöriges Haus aus Stein aus dem Jahr 1409, das mehrfach umgebaut wurde und das verschiedenen Zwecken gedient hat.

Bis zum Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs grenzte das in Westpreußen gelegene Dorf und Kloster Zarnowitz mit seinen Gemarkungen in westlicher Richtung an den Landkreis Lauenburg der Provinz Pommern. Grenzfluss war die aus dem Zarnowitzer See heraus in nördlicher Richtung in die Ostsee fließende Piasnitz. Seit 1919 verlief hier die Westgrenze des Polnischen Korridors.

Baubestand
Von den Klostergebäuden ist ein Westflügel erhalten, der sich an die Nordseite der Kirche lehnt. Die Kirche aus der ersten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts ist ein großer und schmaler Bau. Die abgetreppten Strebepfeiler an der Südseite und die schmalen Fenster verweisen auf die Frühzeit der Bautätigkeit unter dem Deutschen Orden. An die Nordseite stößt der Klosterkreuzgang an. Beiderseits des Westtürmchens ist die Westgiebel mit schlichten Blenden und Zinnen verziert. Der Oberteil des Turms stammt aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.

Innenausstattung
Den Innenraum der Klosterkirche schmückt ein gotisches Sternengewölbe. Die Orgel von 1889 stammt aus Elbing. Die Kirche enthält Kunstgegenstände aus verschiedenen Epochen, darunter:
 eine  aus polychromem Holz geschnitzte Pietà  aus dem Jahr 1430
 eine gotische Skulptur aus dem Jahr 1415, die die hl. Katharina darstellt
 handgedruckte und teilweise von den Nonnen selbst handgeschriebene Messbücher aus dem 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert
 eine hölzerne Christus-Skulptur aus der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts
 sechs Barock-Altäre aus dem 17. bis 18. Jahrhundert
 eine Barock-Taufschüssel aus der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts
 eine Kanzel im Rokoko-Stil aus der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts
 eine Barock-Stele von 1719
 einen bebilderten Hochaltar von 1700 mit Silberbekleidungen, die von Danziger Goldschmieden gefertigt wurden
 zwei kunsthistorisch kostbare Seitenaltäre aus dem 17. Jahrhundert
In der Mitte des Kirchenschiffs befindet sich das Grab des Ordensritters Fritz Raveneck († 1462), der während der Schlacht bei Schwetzin fiel. und dessen Leichnam seine Krieger hierher brachten. Sein Grab schmückt ein Epitaph aus Marmor, das den Ritter in Lebensgröße zeigt. In der Kirche befindet sich außerdem eine Grabplatte des Grabes der Anna Gruduel († 1512) aus Putzig. Weitere Skulpturen aus dem 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert befinden sich im Kreuzgang des Klosters. Zahlreiche Messgewänder und Ornate aus dem 17. und 18. Jahrhundert sind erhalten geblieben; sie sind denjenigen vergleichbar, die man Anfang der 30er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts in einer Nische der Danziger Marienkirche eingemauert vorfand.

In der Schatzkammern des Klosters befindet sich eine versilberte und vergoldete Reliquienbüste der hl. Ursula aus dem zweiten Viertel des 15. Jahrhunderts.
In der Schatzkammer des Klosters werden Textilproben aufbewahrt, die die Mustervielfalt der in der Klosterschule gelehrten kaschubischen Stickerei-Kunst dokumentieren. Außerdem enthält die Schatzkammer Mess-Utensilien wie Kelche, ein kostbares Choralbuch aus dem Jahr 1458 und weitere prunkvolle Gesangbücher aus demselben Zeitraum.

Literatur
 Franz Winter: Die Zisterzienser des nordöstlichen Deutschlands. Band 2, Gotha 1871, S. 118 (Volltext).
  Hans Prutz: Geschichte des Kreises Neustadt in Westpreußen. Danzig 1872, S. 209–210.

Weblinks

 Uwe Kerntopf: Zarnowitz (Kreis Putzig, Westpreußen) (1998)

Einzelnachweise

Zarnowitz
Zarnowitz
Sakralbau in der Woiwodschaft Pommern
Christentum in der Woiwodschaft Pommern
Gmina Krokowa
Organisation (Woiwodschaft Pommern)
Sakralbau in Europa

Kloster Zarnowitz


O Da Grande Amigos New Generation Sports Club, ou simplesmente Da Grande é um clube de futebol com sede em Malé, Maldivas. A equipe compete no Campeonato Maldivo de Futebol.

História
O clube foi promovido para a Primeira Divisão em 2018, depois de ser o campeão da Segunda Divisão de 2018. Eles também venceram o Terceira Divisão em 2015.

Elenco 2019

Ver também
 Campeonato Maldivo de Futebol
 Copa das Maldivas
 Copa dos Presidentes (Maldivas)
 Supercopa das Maldivas
 Liga dos Campeões da AFC
 Copa dos Presidentes da AFC
 Copa da SAFF

Clubes de futebol das Maldivas


Marlene Nørgaard Carolus (født 11. juni 1967) er en dansk erhvervsleder, der har arbejdet i den finansielle sektor siden 1987 hos blandt andet Nordea, HSH Nordbank/Gudme Raaschou Bank A/S, Alfred Berg /ABN AMRO Bank. Marlene Nørgaard har senest været øverste globale chef for Danske Banks Private Banking og Private Wealth aktiviteter i Sverige, Norge, Finland, UK, Luxembourg og Danmark. Hun tiltrådte som administerende direktør i Mybanker den 1. januar 2019. Hun er erklæret egnet og hæderlig (fit & proper) efter Finanstilsynets krav til ledelsesmedlemmer i både Danmark og Schweiz.

I 2019 blev Marlene Nørgaard kåret til at være blandt de 100 mest indflydelsesrige kvinder i Danmark af Berlingske Tidende. Derudover blev hun i 2020 optaget i Kraks blå bog.

Karriere
Marlene Nørgaard Carolus har arbejdet for at tiltrække alternative segmenter til formuepleje og forvaltning, herunder især kvinder, unge og entreprenører. Nørgaard har været initiativtager til Danske Philanthropy og Silicon Valley-netværket DanskeWMx. Hun er derudover medlem af non profit CEO-netværket VL67.

Foruden sine danske bestyrelsesposter, indtrådte Marlene Nørgaard Carolus i 2020 som bestyrelsesmedlem i schweiziske SYZ Group og Banque SYZ.

Tillidsposter
 2021 – Bestyrelsesmedlem hos Bruun Rasmussen Kunstauktioner
 2020 - Bestyrelsesmedlem hos Banque SYZ
 2020 - Bestyrelsesmedlem hos SYZ Group
 2018 - Bestyrelsesmedlem hos ART2030
 2013 - Bestyrelsesmedlem hos Olga & Esper Boels Fond
 2006 - Bestyrelsesmedlem hos Scan Bee A/S
 2015 - 2018 Bestyrelsesmedlem hos Danske Bank International S.A.
 2006 - 2010 Bestyrelsesmedlem hos Pluss A/S
 2006 - 2008 Bestyrelsesmedlem hos Zealand Pharma A/S

Uddannelser
 Making Corporate Boards More Effective, Harvard Business School, Boston, 2018
 Board Leadership Master Class, Copenhagen Business School, 2018
 Executive Program: Exponential technologies that address the world's grand challenges, Singularity University, Silicon Valley 2014
 Executive MBA, Copenhagen Business School, 2010 - 2012

Kilder

Bankfolk fra Danmark
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog

Marlene Nørgaard Carolus


Die römisch-katholische Kirche St. Elisabeth ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Kirchengebäude in Gerthe, einem Stadtteil von Bochum in Nordrhein-Westfalen.

Geschichte und Architektur
Die monumentale neuromanische Baugruppe wurde von 1912 bis 1913 nach einem Entwurf von Johann Franz Klomp errichtet. Sie besteht aus einer von Nordost nach Südwest ausgerichteten Querhausbasilika, dem beherrschenden Turm und dem baulich im Südosten angeschlossenen Pfarrhaus. Die Gebäude wurden im Zweiten Weltkrieg beschädigt, die Schäden wurden bis 1952 beseitigt.

Der südwestliche gelegene Chor und die Nebenchöre schließen halbrund. Der Turm ist dem des Paderborner Domes nachgebildet, er steht im südlichen Winkel zwischen Chor und Querhaus, daran schließt das Pfarrhaus an. Alle Bauteile sind reich gegliedert und mit bruchrauem Ruhrsandstein verkleidet. Die Eingangsfassade im Nordosten ist besonders aufwändig durch Fensterreihen, Wandsäulen, Blendarkaden und Rundbogenfriese gegliedert. Im Tympanon des Hauptportals ist das Rosenwunder der hl. Elisabeth von Thüringen dargestellt, am Trumeau der hl. Erzengel Michael. Die Säulen des Portals werden von Löwen getragen. Die Nebenportale sind als übergiebelte Tore gestaltet. An die Westjoche der Seitenschiffe sind halbrunde Kapellenvorbauten angefügt.
Die erste Ausmalung von 1929 ist verloren.

Seit 2008 gehören die Kirche und die Gemeinde St. Elisabeth zur Katholischen Pfarrei Liebfrauen Bochum.

Ausstattung
Die Stücke stammen aus der Zeit um 1929:
 Das Abendmahl-Relief vom ehemaligen Hochaltar schuf der Bildhauer Georg Busch.
 Die Kreuzigungsgruppe (in neuer Aufstellung) war eine Schenkung des Direktors der benachbarten Zeche Lothringen, die schwere Bergschäden an der Kirche verursachte.
 An den Gestühlwangen sind Darstellungen zur Allerheiligenlitanei zu sehen.
 Das Geläut ist vierstimmig. Die drei großen Glocken c′, es′ und f′ wurden 1966 vom Bochumer Verein aus Gussstahl gefertigt. Die kleine Glocke g' ist eine Bronzeglocke und wurde 1925 in der Glockengießerei Otto in Bremen-Hemelingen gegossen.

Pfarrer der Gemeinde St. Elisabeth
 Wilhelm Sondermann
 Dechant Wilhelm Neuenzeit
 1968–1982: Augustinus Dekker
 1983–1997: Hans-Joachim Wiethoff
 1997–2006: Elmar Kirchner
 2007–2022: Ulrich Kosch

Literatur
 Klaus Kramer: Pfarrkirche St. Elisabeth, Bochum-Gerthe. In: Heinz Dohmen (Hrsg.): Abbild des Himmels. 1000 Jahre Kirchenbau im Bistum Essen. Verlag Hoppe und Werry, Mülheim an der Ruhr 1977, S. 194–196.
 Ursula Quednau (Red.): Dehio-Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Nordrhein-Westfalen II: Westfalen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / München 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2, S. 151.

Weblinks
 St. Elisabeth auf der Website der Katholischen Pfarrei Liebfrauen Bochum
 Geschichte und Fotos, abgerufen am 23. März 2012

Einzelnachweise

Bochum
Elisabeth
Elisabeth
Bochum
Bochum Gerthe
Bochum
Bochum
Bauwerk des Historismus in Bochum

St. Elisabeth (Gerthe)


Pentágono es una estación subterránea en la línea Amarilla y la línea Azul del Metro de Washington, administrada por la Autoridad de Tránsito del Área Metropolitana de Washington. La estación se encuentra localizada justo al lado de El Pentágono en Arlington en Virginia. La estación fue inaugurada el 1 de julio de 1977.

Conexiones
WMATA MetrobusArlington TransitDASHFairfax ConnectorLoudoun County CommuterOmniRide Commuter

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 WMATA: Pentagon Station
 StationMasters Online: Pentagon Station
 The Schumin Web Transit Center: Pentagon Station

Estaciones de Metro de Estados Unidos inauguradas en 1977
Transporte de Arlington
Estaciones de la línea Amarilla (Metro de Washington)
Estaciones de la línea Azul (Metro de Washington)

Pentágono (Metro de Washington)


Kosmos 2455, ruski vojni satelit za radioelektronsko izviđanje (ELINT) iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Lotos-S (Lotos-S1 No. 801 (1L)).

Lansiran je 20. studenoga 2009. godine u 10:44 s kozmodroma Pljesecka s mjesta 16/2. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Sojuz-U 11A511U. Orbita mu je 204 km u perigeju i 903 km u apogeju. Orbitne inklinacije je 67,16°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 36095. COSPARova oznaka je 2009-063-A. Zemlju obilazi u 95,72 minute.

Napaja se iz razmjestivih solarnih panela i baterija.

Iz misije je dio 11S510 vratio se u atmosferu.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
N2YO Satellite Database - Tehnical Details - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions (engl.)
Gunter's Space Page Lotos-S (14F138) (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2455


"ජීසස් ක්‍රයිස්ට් ඊස් රිස්න් ටුඩේ" යනු ක්‍රිස්තියානි  ගීතිකාවකි. 14 වන සියවසෙහි බොහීමියානු  ලතින් කැරොල් ගීතයක් ලෙසින් ලියැවුනු එහි නම වූයේ  ලෙසිනි.  එය පාස්කු ගීතිකාවක් වන අතර   ජේසුස් වහන්සේගේ  උත්ථානයට  අදාළ වෙමින් මතෙව් 28:6, ක්‍රියා 2:32, 1 පේදුරු 3:18 සහ එළිදරව්ව 1:17-18 පදනම් කොට රචනා කර ඇත.

ඉතිහාසය
"ජීසස් ක්‍රයිස්ට් ඊස් රිස්න් ටුඩේ", 14වන සියවසෙහිදී බොහීමියානු කැරොල් ගීතිකාවක් ලෙසින්,  පළමුව ලතින් භාෂාවෙන් ලියන ලද්දේ  "සුරේක්සිට් ක්‍රිස්තුස් හෝඩී" යන නම සහිතව, නොදන්නා රචකයෙක් විසින්,  මියුනික් සහ බ්‍රෙස්ලෝ නගරයන්හිදී   ලියැවුනු අත්පිටපත් ලෙසින් වෙයි. ලතින් භාෂාවෙන්, එහි පැදි එකොලහක් විය.

ආශ්‍රිත

ක්‍රිස්තියානි ගීතිකා
පාස්කු ගීත

ජීසස් ක්‍රයිස්ට් ඊස් රිස්න් ටුඩේ


In Japan, a  is a  salaried worker.  In Japanese popular culture, this is embodied by a white-collar worker who shows overriding loyalty and commitment to the corporation where he works.

Salarymen are expected to work long hours, to put in additional overtime, to participate in after-work leisure activities such as drinking, singing karaoke and visiting hostess bars with colleagues, and to value work over all else. The salaryman typically enters a company after graduating from college and stays with that corporation for the duration of his career.

Other popular notions surrounding salarymen include karōshi, or death from overwork. In conservative Japanese culture, becoming a salaryman is the expected career choice for young men and those who do not take this career path are regarded as living with a stigma and less prestige. On the other hand, the word salaryman is sometimes used with derogatory connotation for his total dependence on his employer and lack of individuality.

History
The word sararīman is often described as wasei-eigo, a Japanese formation from English loanwords, but it appears to instead be a straight borrowing from the English phrase "salaried man", which predates the Japanese term by nearly a century.  The Japanese term saw widespread use by 1930, even before government expansion and militarization drove the growth of white-collar employment. The term does not include all workers who receive a set salary, but only "white-collar workers in the large bureaucracy of a business firm or government office." The term includes those who work for government (e.g., bureaucrats) and major companies (e.g., those listed in Nikkei 225). Workers in the mizu shōbai (nightlife) and entertainment industries (including actors and singers) are not included even though their income may be salary based. Similarly, doctors, engineers, lawyers, accountants, musicians, artists, politicians, freelancers and corporate executives are also excluded.

A typical description of the salaryman is a male white-collar employee who typically earns his salary "based on individual abilities rather than on seniority." Salarymen are known for working long hours, sometimes over eighty hours per week. Often, because of his busy work schedule, the salaryman does not have time to raise a family and his work becomes a lifelong commitment. Companies typically hire the salarymen straight out of high school, and they are expected to stay with the company until retirement, around the time they reach the age between 55 and 60. As a reward for the demonstration of their loyalty, companies rarely fire the salarymen unless it is under special "dire" circumstances. There is also a belief that the "amount of time spent at the workplace correlates to the perceived efficiency of the employee." As a result of this intense work-driven lifestyle, salarymen may be more likely to suffer from mental or physical health problems, including heart failure or suicide.

Social image

The prevalence of salarymen in Japanese society has given birth to many depictions by both the Japanese and American media. Some films in Japan about salarymen include Mr. Salaryman, Japanese Salaryman NEO (based on the TV series), and a drama series entitled History of a Salaryman. There is a certain expectation among the middle and upper classes for Japanese people to become salarymen. For many young Japanese men, accepting anything less than becoming a salaryman and conforming to its ideal is considered a failure, not only of him, but of his parents.

The life of a salaryman revolves around work. The activities that he does outside of work typically involve his coworkers, which lessens the distance between him and work. Due to this expectation, there have been a variety of derogatory names given to salarymen:  (shachiku, literally "corporate livestock" in reference to wage slavery),  (kaisha no inu or "company's dog"), and  (kigyou senshi or "corporate soldier"), to ridicule salarymen.

Entertainment
Changing social circumstances have greatly diversified the life of the salaryman outside of work. Though the importance of social drinking has not declined, its image has changed over time from mass partying during the economic bubble to conservative consumption at home after the collapse of the economy during the 1990s. Mahjong was an immensely popular game among the 1960s generation of salarymen, who brought the game into company circles directly from high school and college groups. The 1970s generation saw a gradual decrease in the number of avid mahjong players, and by the 1980s, it became common to not show any interest at all.

Golf became widely popular during the economic bubble, when golf club passes became useful tools for currying favor with corporate executives. Many mid-level salarymen were pressured into taking up golf to participate in golfing events with their superiors. The collapse of the economic bubble led to the closing of many golf courses, and the ritual of playing golf with executives has become increasingly rare. However, some current salarymen may have golfing experience from their student days, and golf is still acknowledged as an expensive hobby for salarymen.

Karōshi

Extreme pressure on salarymen can lead to death by overwork, or karōshi. Salarymen feel intense pressure to fulfill their duty to support their family because of the gendered expectations placed on men. According to a Washington Post article, the Japanese government attempted for years to set a limit to the number of hours one can work, and the issue has been prevalent since the 1970s. In 2014, after 30 years of activism, Japan's parliament (the Japanese Diet) passed a law "promoting countermeasures against karōshi."

However, many Japanese still criticize the government and believe there should be laws and penalties for companies that violate work hour laws. Approximately 2000 applications are filed by the families of salarymen that die of karōshi. However, the death toll may be much higher, and "as many as 8000 of the 30,000 annual suicides each year are thought to be work-related," with "as many as 10,000 non-suicide karōshi deaths per year."

Karōshi, literally "overwork death," was first diagnosed as a "circulatory disease brought on by stress" in the late 1970s after the 1973 oil crisis, which took a toll on the post-war reconstruction of Japanese industry.  Since then, the number of deaths from overwork has increased, especially at larger and more prestigious companies. In 2002, Kenichi Uchino, a 30-year-old quality-control manager at Toyota, collapsed and died after working over 80 hours unpaid overtime for six months. After this incident, Toyota announced it would begin monitoring their workers' health and pay for all of their overtime hours.

See also
 Hansei
 Japanese blue collar workers
 Japanese management culture
 Japanese work environment
 Salaryman Kintarō
 Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
 Suicide in Japan

Women
 Kyariaūman, Japanese term for a career woman
 Office lady

General
 The Organization Man
 White-collar worker
 Work–life balance
 Wage slave

References

External links

"My Life in Corporate Japan"
A week in the life of a Tokyo salary man
Salarymen: On the Way to Extinction? by Kristin Wingate, Undergraduate Journal of Global Citizenship, vol. 1, no. 1, 2011

Japanese business terms
Society of Japan
Japanese vocabulary
Labor in Japan
Office work
Male stock characters in anime and manga
Wasei-eigo
Employment in Japan

Salaryman


Mario Alberto Brondo Ortiz, né à Mexico le , est un cinéaste et artiste mexicain et espagnol.

Biographie
Il étudie le cinéma au CUEC (Centre Universitaire d'Études Cinématographiques) de la UNAM (Université Nationale Autonome du Mexique). Il étudie également la psychologie et le théâtre.

En 2007, il s'installe à Lille, où il étudie l'art audiovisuel au Fresnoy, studio national des arts contemporains. Il y réalise plusieurs court-métrages et participe à plusieurs expositions artistiques.

Son travail est présenté dans des expositions et des festivals au Mexique et en Europe. Il partage l'espace d'exposition avec des créateurs comme David Lynch, Lars von Trier, Kimmo Alakunnas, Alighiero Boetti, Francis Alÿs, David Claerbout, Douglas Gordon, Gary Hill, Pierre Huyghe, Joan Jonas, Isaac Julien, William Kentridge, Paul McCarthy, Pipilotti Rist, Anri Salle.

Au cinéma, il produit de nombreux courts et moyens métrages, dont Essai sur la solitude et l'errance (avec l'actrice Julie Durand). Il réalise et produit des longs métrages au Mexique et au Sahara occidental.

De 2010 à 2020, il vit et travaille à Mexico, puis s'installe à Malinalco, au Mexique. En 2010, il réalise son premier long métrage documentaire, . En 2011 et 2012, il produit deux films de thèse pour les diplômés du CUEC. En 2014, il réalise son deuxième long métrage documentaire, , au Sahara occidental.

À partir de 2015, sa vision artistique et son travail ont pris une nouvelle ligne, cette fois beaucoup plus proche de l'art contemporain, s'éloignant du cinéma traditionnel et utilisant l'influence de son séjour et de son travail en Europe. Le changement se manifeste dès le début avec son incursion dans Cacopedia et d'autres projets audiovisuels.

À partir de 2016, il entreprend des études spécialisées dans des domaines qu'il commence à intégrer dans son travail, principalement dans les domaines de l'historiographie, du droit et de l'informatique.

En 2020, il entreprend le projet audiovisuel . Poussé par la crise de la pandémie, il décide d'en devenir le réalisateur, le cameraman et l'acteur.

En 2021, il acquiert la nationalité espagnole, en grande partie grâce au succès de ses études généalogiques.

Filmographie
 2004 : Triple funeral
 2005 :
 2005 :
 2005 :
 2006 :
 2006 : Habitantes
 2007 : Mexico City blues
 2008 : Mise en Abîme, ouverture
 2008 : Essai sur la solitude et l'errance
 2009 : White noise
 2010 : Tifosi in Italia
 2010 : Sopravivvere
 2010 : Vuoto per l´amore
 2010 :
 2011 : Firestarter
 2011 :
 2012 :
 2012 :
 2013 : Mind gap
 2014 :
 2014 :
 2014 :
 2015 :
 2015 :
 2016 :
 2017 : Exotism in Aussie
 2019 : Nessie in Loch Ness
 2019 :
 2020-2021 :

Publications
Romans : Soy lo que puede et Lollipop.

Expositions (sélection)

 Panorama 9-10; Commissaire d'exposition: Bernard Blistène.
 Panorama 11; Commissaire d'exposition: Régis Durand.
 Wunderkammer; Commissaire d'exposition: Nike Bätzner.
 NEW MUSEUM De New-York en 2013

Entreprises

 Pagomovil, 2011, cofondateur.
 HDSLR.MX, 2012, cofondateur.
 NooRun, 2013, cofondateur.
 Urbi Electric, Fondateur.
 Miracle est Venu, 2016, cofondateur.
 Klvrr Microempleos, 2017, Fondateur.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Personnalité de la franc-maçonnerie mexicaine
Réalisateur mexicain
Artiste mexicain
Cinéma mexicain
Personnalité mexicaine du XXIe siècle
Naissance à Mexico
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Mario Brondo


حامد ندا هو فنان مصري تشكيلي ولد يوم 19 من نوفمبر عام (1924) بشارع «التلول» بحي القلعة بالقاهرة وتوفي عام (1990). عاش طفولته في قصر يملكه جده «بالبغالة» (حي قديم بالقاهرة), مما أثر في مخيلته بعد ذلك.
توصف أعماله «بالسريالية الشعبية المصرية» لما تجمع من ذكريات وسحر وأساطير مرتبطة بالعالم الشعبي المصري.

من أبرز لوحاته
 داخل المقهى عام1948
 رقاد القط عام1948
 المتعبد والسحلية 1947
 القبقاب 1947
 الدراويش 1947
 العصافير 1948
 الحصان الأزرق 1958
 الجزيرة القائمة 1955
 الحزن والفرح 1955
 الفتاة والسمك 1955
 حديث المحبين 1955
 انشودة الصباح 1956
 الفجر 1958
 الليل والنهار 1960
 إفريقيا والاستعمار 1963
 صندوق الدنيا 1976
 الحصان والقمر 1974
 المبروك 1974
 الريف 1974
 المباراة 1975
 الحديث 1975
 أمونة 1975
 مسيرة التعمير
 خيول برية 81
 البلاج 81
 رقصة شعبية 81
 أسطورة شعبية 81
 الديك والقمر 82
 نعى حافظ إبراهيم لمصطفى كامل 83
 القاهرة 83
 في الليل لما خلى 83
 من الجمالية 83
 امرأة وقط 84

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
السيرة الذاتية الكاملة، موقع وزارة الثقافة المصرية

فنانون تشكيليون مصريون
مواليد 1343 هـ
مواليد 1924
وفيات 1990

حامد ندا


Nationalstraße 3 steht für:
 Nationalstraße 3 (Albanien)
 Nationalstraße 3 (Belgien)
 Nationalstraße 3 (Griechenland)
 Nationalstraße 3 (Japan)
 Nationalstraße 3 (Laos)
 Route nationale 3 in Frankreich
 National Route 3 in Südafrika
 Drum național 3 in Rumänien
 Route nationale 3 (Luxemburg)
 Route nationale 3 (Madagaskar)

Nationalstraße 3


Barbara Britton (26 de septiembre de 1919 – 17 de enero de 1980) fue una actriz cinematográfica y televisiva estadounidense.

Biografía
Nacida en Long Beach (California), Britton fue la primera actriz en encarnar a Laura Petrie en el programa piloto Head of the Family, el cual acabó siendo The Dick Van Dyke Show, interpretando entonces el papel Mary Tyler Moore. Britton firmó un contrato cinematográfico con Paramount Pictures en 1941, rodando sus dos primera películas ese mismo año, siendo la primera el western Secret of the Wasteland, con William Boyd, y la segunda Louisiana Purchase, con Bob Hope. Su primer trabajo en un film de importancia fue un pequeño papel en el film de 1942 interpretado por John Wayne Reap the Wild Wind.

En la década de 1940 rodó tres películas que fueron sus trabajos cinematográficos más destacados, dos de ellas junto a Randolph Scott. La primera, con Scott, fue Captain Kidd (1945). La segunda fue The Virginian (1946), junto a Joel McCrea, y la tercera, con Randolph Scott, Gunfighters (1947). En 1948 volvió a actuar con Randolph Scott en el western Albuquerque, y ese mismo año trabajó con Gene Autry en Loaded Pistols. En total, a lo largo de su carrera, Britton actuó en 26 filmes.

Britoon, a causa de un traumatismo sufrido durante el rodaje del film bélico de 1943 So Proudly We Hail!, buscó en 1944 la ayuda del médico y psicoanalista Dr. Eugene J. Czukor. Britton y el Dr. Czukor (22 años mayor que ella) se casaron al  poco tiempo, permaneciendo unidos hasta el fallecimiento de la actriz.

Britton protagonizó el show televisivo de los años cincuenta Mr. and Mrs. North, una producción de misterio que interpretaba junto a Richard Denning y Francis De Sales. La actriz fue también conocida por ser portavoz de los productos de la marca Revlon en las décadas de 1950 y 1960, actuando en su publicidad y en sus anuncios, entre ellos los espacios en directo televisados en The $64,000 Question. Uno de los últimos papeles de Britton tuvo lugar en la serie televisiva One Life to Live en 1979, un año antes de ocurrir su fallecimiento.

Durante muchos años Britton y su marido vivieron en Bethel (Connecticut), antes de mudarse a Woodbury (Connecticut). Su hija mayor, Christina Britton, se hizo actriz y cantante de opera, mientras que su hijo Ted actuó episódicamente en televisión. Se viudo, el Dr. Eugene Czukor, falleció en 1989, a los 92 años de edad.

Barbara Britton falleció en la ciudad de Nueva York en 1980 a causa de un cáncer de estómago. Tenía 60 años de edad.

Selección de su filmografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Long Beach (California)
Fallecidos en Nueva York
Actrices de televisión de Estados Unidos
Actrices de cine de Estados Unidos
Fallecidos por cáncer de estómago
Paseo de la Fama de Hollywood
Fallecidos por cáncer en Nueva York (estado)

Barbara Britton


Breaking the News este o pictură în ulei pe pânză realizată în 1887 de artistul australian John Longstaff. Prezintă interiorul unei căsuțe a unui miner pe câmpurile de aur victoriene, în care un bătrân anunță o femeie despre moartea soțului ei într-un accident minier. Femeia ține un copil în brațe și alți doi mineri apar în ușă, transportând corpul bărbatului pe o targă. În spatele lor se află, în depărtare, cadrul situat deasupra puțului minei. Breaking the News a ajuns întipărită în imaginația populară, iar până în anii 1890 a ajuns "să fie reprodusă în fiecare localitate minieră din Australia".

Pictată pe când Longstaff era încă student, aceasta l-a ajutat sa câștige prima bursă de călătorie la Școala de Artă a Galeriei Naționale din Victoria în 1887. The Argus a descris-o ca fiind "o prezentare vie și precisă a unui incident familiar din viața australiană". La doar o lună după ce tabloul a fost expus pentru prima oară la Melbourne, optzeci și unu mineri au pierit într-o explozie de gaze la mina Bulli din New South Wales. Dezastrul de la noua mină auriferă a Australasiei, cel mai grav dezastru minier australian, a avut loc la 12 decembrie 1882 la Creswick, la mai puțin de douăzeci de kilometri de orașul natal al lui Longstaff, Clunes. Potrivit biografului Nina Murdoch, amintirile din copilărie ale lui Longstaff despre un accident minier a fost inspirația directă pentru Breaking the News: "aflat la Clunes, urmând cortegiul de la intrarea în mină până la ușa casei, el auzise strigătul unei tinere soții la vederea celor care purtau targa".

Renumitul scriitor și poet australian Henry Lawson s-a declarat un "adorator" al lui Longstaff după ce a văzut Breaking the News și a discutat despre impactul sentimental și social al picturii într-un eseu din 1899 pentru The Buletin intitulat "Dacă aș putea să pictez" concluzionând ca ar fi mai mândru de un tablou ca Breaking the News decât de o sută de rafinate presupuse studii. În anul următor, co-fondatorul The Buletin, pe atunci proprietar al Breaking the News, JF Archibald, i-a comandat lui Longstaff să picteze un portret al lui Lawson. Archibald a admirat foarte mult portretul, determinându-l să creeze o fond pentru Premiul Archibald, cel mai prestigios premiu al Australiei pentru portretizări. Longstaff a câștigat premiul de cinci ori.

Breaking the News a fost inspirația pentru un film cu același nume din 1912. Regizat de W. J. Lincoln și turnat în apropierea orașului Melbourne, acesta descrie inundarea unei mine subterane și încercările îndrăznețe de a salva minerii. Filmul a fost un succes comercial și a primit recenzii favorabile de la critici. Acum este considerat un film pierdut.

Breaking the News a fost achiziționată de Galeria de artă din Australia de Vest în 1933.

Note

Pictura australiană
Picturi din 1887
Picturi realizate de John Longstaff

Breaking the News (pictură)


مسألة كاف 300  أو مسألة الباص 300 أو عملية الباص 300  إشارة إلى عملية اختطاف باص إسرائيلي قام بها فلسطينيون في عام 1984، وما تبعها من إعدام أعضاء الشاباك لاثنين من خاطفي الحافلة، عقب انتهاء حادثة أزمة الرهائن واعتقالهم.

بعد الحادث، أدلى أعضاء الشاباك بشهادة زور حول تورطهم في القضية. حجبت الرقابة العسكرية الإسرائيلية تغطية عملية الاختطاف في الأصل، ولكن مع ذلك، أدى نشر المعلومات المتعلقة بالقضية في الصحافة الأجنبية وفي نهاية المطاف في وسائل الإعلام الإسرائيلية، إلى ضجة عامة، دفعت الكثيرين في الجمهور الإسرائيلي إلى المطالبة بتحقيق حول ظروف مقتل الخاطفين. في عام 1985، بُرئ إسحاق مردخاي، جنرال كبير في الجيش الإسرائيلي، من تهم تتعلق بمقتل الخاطفين الأسرى. في وقت لاحق، اتضح أن أعضاء من جهاز الأمن الداخلي الإسرائيلي (الشاباك) قد ورطوا الجنرال، بينما أخفوا هوية من أعطى الأمر المباشر بقتل الأسرى. في عام 1986، أُجبر المدعي العام لإسرائيل، ، على الاستقالة بعد أن رفض إلغاء التحقيق في دور الشاباك في القضية. بعد ذلك بوقت قصير، استقال أفراهام شالوم، رئيس الشاباك، وحصل على عفو رئاسي كامل عن جرائم غير محددة، في حين عُفي عن العديد من المتورطين قبل توجيه التهم إليهم. في أعقاب الفضيحة، شُكلت لجنة لاندو للتحقيق في إجراءات الشاباك.

صرح أحد الجنود الذي أصبح عضو كنيست وهو إيهود ياتوم لصحيفة يديعون أحرونوت وذلك خلال مقابلة صحفية عام 1996 قائلا: (لقد هشمت جماجمهم بأمر من الرئيس أفراهام شالوم وإنني فخور بكل ما فعلت)، وكان يقصد صبحي ومجدي أبو جامع.

تفاصيل الحادث

أزمة رهائن حافلة ايجد 300
في يوم الخميس 12 أبريل 1984، وصل أربعة فدائيين فلسطينيين من الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين من قطاع غزة إلى أشدود حيث صعدوا، كركاب يدفعون، حافلة تابعة لشركة إيغد تعمل على خط للحافلات بين المدن رقم 300 والتي كانت في طريقها من تل أبيب إلى عسقلان وعلى متنها 41 راكبًا. اختطفها الفلسطينيون بعد وقت قصير من مغادرتها المحطة في الساعة 7:30 مساءً. خلال عملية الاستيلاء، أصيب أحد ركاب الحافلة بجروح خطيرة. وذكر الخاطفون أنهم كانوا مسلحين بالسكاكين حقيبة تحتوي على قذيفتين مضادتين للدبابات وهددوا بالتفجير. أجبر الخاطفون الحافلة على تغيير اتجاهها والسير باتجاه الحدود المصرية.

بعد وقت قصير من اختطاف الحافلة، أطلق الخاطفون سراح امرأة حامل من الحافلة جنوبي أشدود. توجهت فورًا إلى محطة وقود ومن هناك أبلغت السلطات عن عملية الاختطاف. والجهة المتجهة إليها. على الفور، بدأت قوات الاحتلال في مطاردة الحافلة، ونصب الحواجز على الطرق، وكانت الحافلة تسير بسرعة 120 كم / ساعة، فحطمت حاجزين بدائيين حتى أطلق الجنود الإسرائيليون النار على إطارات الحافلات ونجحوا في تعطيل الحافلة بالقرب من مخيم دير البلح الفلسطيني الواقع في قطاع غزة، على بعد 10 أميال فقط شمال للحدود المصرية. عندما توقفت الحافلة، تمكن بعض الركاب من الهروب من الحافلة عبر باب مفتوح.

في المواجهة التي أعقبت ذلك، بدأ أعضاء من وسائل الإعلام الإسرائيلية بالتجمع في مكان الحادث. وحضر أيضا كبار الضباط العسكريين والسياسيين. ومن بين هؤلاء رئيس الأركان موشيه ليفي، ووزير الدفاع موشيه أرينز، ومدير جهاز المخابرات الداخلية الإسرائيلي الشاباك، أفراهام شالوم. كُلف العميد اسحق مردخاي بعملية الإنقاذ.

وكانت مطالب الخاطفين هي إطلاق سراح 500 من أعضاء الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين المعتقلين لدى إسرائيل وإطلاق سراحهم إلى مصر. وذكر الخاطفون أنهم لن يترددوا في تفجير حقيبتهم المفخخة وقتل جميع ركاب الحافلة.

مع استمرار المفاوضات، خلص عملاء الشاباك في الموقع بسرعة إلى أن الخاطفين كانوا يتصرفون مثل الهواة، وذكر أحدهم لاحقًا أنه ، وأن الأربعة لا يشكلون أي خطر.

الاستحواذ
أُجريت بعض المفاوضات مع الخاطفين دون الوصول إلى حل في أول ليلة، وعند الفجر، حوالي الساعة 7:00 في صباح يوم 13 أبريل، اقتحم فريق من كوماندوس سايريت ماتكال بقيادة دورون كمبل الحافلة أثناء إطلاق النار على الخاطفين من خلال نوافذ السيارة. خلال عملية الاستيلاء هذه، تمكن الجنود من قتل اثنين من الخاطفين، وأسر الخاطفين الآخرين،  وإطلاق سراح جميع الرهائن باستثناء راكب واحد - وهي مجندة تبلغ من العمر 19 عامًا تدعى إيريت بورتوجيز، قُتلت بنيران قوات الجيش الإسرائيلي. خلال عملية الاستحواذ. وأصيب سبعة ركاب خلال العملية. في حين زعم الجانب الاسرائيلي مقتل الخاطفين الأربعة أثناء عملية تحرير الركاب. وقد كان بالإمكان إنقاذ المستوطنين الرهائن دون إعدام للخاطفين، حسب تحقيق الشرطة الإسرائيلية السري الخاص.

إعدام اثنين من الخاطفين الأسرى
قُبض على اثنين من الخاطفين أحياء، وقُيدا ونقلا إلى حقل قريب، حيث تعرضوا للضرب على أيدي الأشخاص الذين تجمعوا حولهما. اقترب كل من رئيس الشاباك أفراهام شالوم، ورئيس عمليات الشاباك ، من الرجال المقيدين. وقبل أن يغادر الموقع أمر شالوم ياتوم بإعدامهم.

ونتيجة لذلك، اصطحب ياتوم وعدد من أعضاء الشاباك الرجال إلى سيارة واقتادوهم إلى مكان منعزل، حيث تعرض الاثنان للضرب حتى الموت بالحجارة والقضبان الحديدية.

حجبت الرقابة العسكرية الإسرائيلية تغطية عملية الاختطاف في الأصل. نتيجة لذلك، زعمت التقارير الأولية المنشورة في إسرائيل وفي جميع أنحاء العالم أن جميع الخاطفين قتلوا أثناء الاستيلاء. ومع ذلك، بعد ثلاثة أيام، نقلت صحيفة حداشوت اليومية الإسرائيلية تقريرًا من صحيفة نيويورك تايمز، متجاوزًا بذلك ، الذي ذكر أن اثنين من الخاطفين أُسرا على قيد الحياة. بعد بضعة أيام، نشرت قناة حداشوت على صفحتها الأولى صورة التقطها ، حيث كان أحد الخاطفين محتجزًا على قيد الحياة وواعيًا تمامًا أثناء نزوله من الحافلة. أثار نشر الصورة ضجة عامة ونتيجة لذلك طالب العديد من الجمهور الإسرائيلي بالتحقيق في الظروف المحيطة بوفاة الخاطفين.

المسؤولية
ادعى بسام أبو شريف من الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين في دمشق أن منظمته هي المسؤولة عن الهجوم. وقال إن الخاطفين طالبوا بالإفراج عن 30 سجينا محتجزًا في سجن نفحا في إسرائيل. ونفت مصادر إسرائيلية هذه المزاعم متهمة فتح بالمسؤولية.

وقد صرح أحد الجنود الذي أصبح عضو كنيست وهو إيهود ياتوم الذين أحيل إلى التقاعد لصحيفة يديعون أحرونوت وذلك خلال مقابلة صحفية عام 1996 قائلا: (لقد هشمت جماجمهم بأمر من الرئيس أفراهام شالوم وإنني فخور بكل ما فعلت)، وكان يقصد صبحي ومجدي أبو جامع.

الأحداث اللاحقة ذات الصلة
جادل موشيه أرينز، الذي أجاز العملية، بعد الحادث بأنه على الرغم من وقوع إصابات بين الركاب، فإن العملية كانت . وقال: .

في الساعة 8:00 صباح اليوم التالي لعملية الاختطاف، بدأت قوات الجيش الإسرائيلي في نسف منازل عائلات الخاطفين الأربعة.

ما بعد الحادث

الاستفسار الأول
بعد أكثر من أسبوع بقليل من الاختطاف، قدم ديفيد شيبلر، مراسل صحيفة نيويورك تايمز في إسرائيل، تقريرًا يكشف أن صحيفة حداشوت اليومية لديها صورة التقطها أليكس ليفاك  لأحد الخاطفين وهو مقيد بالأصفاد. وقد تعرف صحفيوهم قد جيدًا على الرجل الموجود في الصورة على أنه مجدي أبو جمعة، البالغ من العمر 18 عامًا، وهو أحد القتلى الأربعة. أُعيد نشر القصة في جميع أنحاء العالم.

كسر  من حزب مبام القصة في إسرائيل يوم الأحد 22 أبريل. وفي خبر نشره الرقيب نقلوا عن  قولها إنه لا بديل عن تشكيل لجنة تحقيق في مقتل الخاطفين.

في 24 أبريل، استدعي ديفيد شيبلر إلى مكتب مدير المكتب الصحفي للحكومة، مردخاي دولينسكي، و. كان يُعتقد أن أوراق اعتماده الصحفية الإسرائيلية لم تُلغى فقط لأنه كان يغادر منصبه قريبًا على أي حال.

في 25 أبريل، نشرت صحيفة  (هذا العالم) الأسبوعية، التي ظهرت بمساحات فارغة في الأسبوع السابق، على صفحتها الأولى صورة غير واضحة لرجل يُقتاد بعيدًا. وكان رئيس تحرير المجلة، أوري أفنيري، قد تغلب على معارضة الرقابة بعد أن هدد بإحالة القضية إلى المحكمة العليا. وأكد يوسي كلاين رئيس تحرير حداشوت للمراسلين أن الرجل الذي في الصورة ليس مجدي أبو جمعة.

في 27 أبريل، أُمرت حداشوت بالتوقف عن النشر لمدة أربعة أيام. هذه العقوبة، التي لم تُطبق على مطبوعة يهودية لأكثر من خمسة عشر عامًا، كانت بسبب تقاريرهم أن وزير الدفاع أرينز قد شكل لجنة تحقيق برئاسة جنرال الاحتياط مئير زوريا. سُلمت هذه المعلومات إلى لجنة المحررين في الصحف الإسرائيلية الكبرى بشرط عدم نشر المعلومات. حداشوت، الذي يملكه ناشرو صحيفة "هآرتس"، لم يكن عضوا في هيئة التحرير.

سُلم تقرير زوريا سرا إلى لجنة الشؤون الخارجية والأمن بالبرلمان في 29 مايو. ولم يُعلن عن النتائج التي توصلت إليها، لكن قيل إنها . في الوقت نفسه، دحضت قناة حداشوت تصريح موشيه أرينز بأنه لم يكن في مكان الاختطاف بزعم أن مصورهم كان يقف بجانبه قبل وقت قصير من التقاط صورة مجدي أبو جمعة. كما أثيرت مخاوف بشأن مقابلة تلفزيونية أجراها أرينز بعد وقت قصير من الحدث عندما قال: . وكان رئيس أركان الجيش الإسرائيلي، رفائيل إيتان، قد أدلى بتصريح مماثل: .

المحاكمة
في عام 1985، حُوكم العميد يتسحاق مردخاي، الذي قاد اقتحام الحافلة، و11 آخرين بتهمة قتل السجينين. وقد اتُهموا بأنهم من بين مجموعة أكبر تقوم بضرب وركل السجناء حتى الموت. ووصف شهود عيان الجنرال وهو يضرب السجناء بمسدس. بُرئ من التهم، وأُسقطت التهم عن الآخرين. في ربيع عام 1986 التقى نائب رئيس الشاباك رؤوفين حزق واثنين من المسؤولين رافي مالكا وبيليج راداي رئيس الوزراء شمعون بيريز واتهموا رئيسهم، أفراهام شالوم، بإصدار أوامر القتل وتنسيق شهادات الشهود في القضية ضد الجنرال مردخاي. رفض بيريز التصرف بناء على هذه المعلومات وطُرد المسؤولين الثلاثة من الشاباك. ثم قدموا أدلة دفعت المدعي العام إسحاق زامير إلى بدء تحقيق جنائي ضد كبار مسؤولي الشاباك المتهمين بالتستر على عمليات القتل. عند سماع الأدلة، فتح زامير تحقيقًا للشرطة في أعمال الشاباك ولا سيما دور مديره. في مايو 1986 أجبر زامير على الاستقالة وسط اتهامات بازدراء الأمن القومي بعد رفضه إنهاء تحقيقاته. أُبلغ عن استقالته في وسائل الإعلام الدولية وتمكنت الصحف الإسرائيلية من تجاوز الرقيب العسكري بالكشف عن الشاباك. وقد انتشر على الملأ اتهام أبراهام شالوم بإصدار أوامر بقتل السجينين وتنظيم عملية تستر واسعة شملت توريط الجنرال مردخاي.

في حزيران / يونيو 1986، تولى قاضٍ غير معروف، ، منصب النائب العام، وأصدر الرئيس حاييم هرتسوغ عفواً شاملاً عن شالوم وأربعة ضباط آخرين من الشاباك. طُعن في هذا العفو في المحكمة العليا. خلال الاستئناف كُشف عن أوراق أكد فيها شالوم أن جميع أفعاله . ورط هذا رئيس الوزراء وقت القتل، إسحاق شامير.

في 6 آب/أغسطس 1986، أيدت المحكمة العليا قرار العفو، لكن النائب العام حريش وعد بفتح تحقيق.

آثار الحادث
لقد أضرت هذه القضية بشكل كبير بسمعة الشاباك وصورته العامة في إسرائيل. كما أدى إلى إعادة النظر في الرقابة في إسرائيل بعد أن تبين أن الرقباء ساهموا في التستر على القضية.

أجبرت القضية شالوم على الاستقالة بعد ذلك بعامين، في عام 1986. وفي رسالة إلى الرئيس آنذاك حاييم هرتسوغ، صرح فيها .

كجزء من التحقيق الشامل مع الشاباك خلال القضية، اكتشف أن الجهاز استخدم القوة الجسدية بشكل روتيني أثناء الاستجواب مما أدى إلى إنشاء لجنة لاندو للتحقيق في استجواب المنظمة وإجراءات أخرى.

وفقًا للصحفي الإسرائيلي جدعون ليفي، لم يُكرم الأشخاص الذين كشفوا الفضيحة مطلقًا، ومن قاموا بالتغطية على الحادث تسلموا وظائف مرموقة.

إيهود ياتوم
في عام 1996، أجرى ضابط الشاباك المتقاعد إيهود ياتوم مقابلة مع صحيفة يديعوت أحرونوت حيث نُقل عنه قوله:  بناء على أوامر من رئيس الشاباك أفراهام شالوم، و قال ياتوم إنه وضع الرجال على نقالات في شاحنة. .  من 2003 إلى 2006 كان ياتوم عضوًا في الكنيست.

في الثقافة الشعبية الإسرائيلية
أخرج  المسلسل القصير كاف 300 الذي عُرض عام 1997 على التلفزيون الإسرائيلي. ركز المسلسل على "الصراع القضائي بين المدعي العام الإسرائيلي ورئيس الشاباك بعد مقتل الشاباك الإرهابيين في الأسر". في عام 2011، أخرج جيدي ويتز فيلمًا وثائقيًا بعنوان ألف تيكاسيل أوتام، بُث على القناة العاشرة جلب الاهتمام العام. أُشير إلى الحادث أيضًا في الفيلم الوثائقي، الحارسون. أخرج روتم شامير فيلم إنقاذ باص 300   من بطولة دانيال غال في دور إيريت بورتيغلوز، من إنتاج مجموعة كيشت الإعلامية وبُث على القناة 12 في 5 مايو 2018.

الملاحظات

المراجع

روابط خارجية

 "تحت المجهر" يسلط الضوء على الشاباك الجزيرة

هجمات الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين
إسرائيل في 1984
الاختطاف
الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي
القتل خارج نطاق القضاء في آسيا
القتل خارج نطاق القضاء في إسرائيل
جرائم 1984 في إسرائيل
جرائم قتل في آسيا 1984
جرائم قتل في إسرائيل 1984
جرائم قتل في إسرائيل عقد 1980
حوادث إرهابية في آسيا في 1984
حوادث إرهابية في إسرائيل في عقد 1980
حوادث إرهابية في إسرائيل
شاباك
عمليات القوات الخاصة الإسرائيلية
عمليات مسلحة نفذها فلسطينيون
فضائح عسكرية
قتل خارج نطاق القضاء
هجمات مسلحة نفذتها المجموعات المقاتلة الفلسطينية ضد الحافلات

مسألة كاف 300


كاربوكوريون (Καρποχώριον) هي مدينة في كارديتسا في مقاطعة فوريا إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 898 نسمة.

المراجع

مدن اليونان

كاربوكوريون (كارديتسا)


An Heteropholis benoistii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Aimée Antoinette Camus. An Heteropholis benoistii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Heteropholis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Heteropholis

Heteropholis benoistii


Marion Butler (May 20, 1863June 3, 1938) was an American politician, farmer, and lawyer. He represented North Carolina in the United States Senate for one term, serving between 1895 and 1901. At the time, he was a leader of the North Carolina Populist Party, and also affiliated with the Democratic Party and the Republican Party at different points in his career. He was the older brother of George Edwin Butler.

Born in Sampson County, North Carolina, Butler took over his family's farm after graduating from the University of North Carolina. He became a leader of the Farmers' Alliance and won election to the North Carolina Senate as a member of the Democratic Party. During the 1892 election, he led a group of North Carolina Democrats opposed to Grover Cleveland into the Populist Party. As a leader of the Populists, Butler advocated "Fusion" with the Republican Party, and the Populists and Republicans together won control of the state legislature in the 1894 elections. The new legislature elected Butler to the United States Senate.

In the Senate, Butler advocated for Populist reforms like the institution of bimetallism and the nationalization of railroads. In the 1896 presidential election, Butler helped orchestrate a compromise with the national Democratic Party whereby both parties nominated William Jennings Bryan. Butler stood for re-election in 1900, but Democrats had regained control of the state legislature and he was defeated. After his defeat, Butler practiced law in Washington, D.C. He died in 1938 in Takoma Park, Maryland, a nearby suburb.

Early life

Butler was born in 1863 in rural Sampson County, North Carolina during the American Civil War. His parents were yeomen farmers. It is unknown if he attended any of the new public schools established after the war, but he was a graduate of the University of North Carolina. There he was a member of the Dialectic Society.  His planned to practice law, but his father's death required Butler to take responsibility for managing the family farm, rather than attending law school.

Farmers' Alliance and Populism

When the Farmers' Alliance movement spread from the Southwest into North Carolina in the late 1880s, Butler immediately joined the organization. It provided him a ladder of political opportunity that he climbed with impressive speed. As the son of yeoman farmers, Butler grew up in a strong agrarian tradition. Possessing the formal education and experiences from his years at the University of North Carolina, Butler stood out from his fellow farmers. By the age of 25, he was elected President of the local Farmers' Alliance and in 1893 was elected President of the National Farmer's Alliance.

Still a Democrat at this time, Butler was elected to the North Carolina Senate as an "Alliance Democrat" in 1890.  In 1891, at age 28, he was elected President of the State Farmers' Alliance.  Due to a general distaste for Democratic nominee Grover Cleveland, and the North Carolina Democratic Party's ruling that no voter could vote on a "split ticket", Butler led a mass exodus of Alliance members and followers from the Democratic party which had ruled the state since Reconstruction, to the Populist, or "People's Party" in 1892.

During his tenure with the Populists, Butler was an advocate of "Fusion", meaning outright cooperation with the North Carolina Republican Party as a means to achieve some of the more important goals of his party.  While some Populists disliked what they saw as a compromise made on some of their core beliefs, Butler saw short-term success. Together the Populists and Republicans polled a larger vote than the Democrats in the election of 1892; their Fusion candidates swept both houses of the legislature in the Election of 1894.

Senate career

In 1894, Butler was elected as United States Senator from North Carolina, serving alongside Senator Jeter C. Pritchard.  As a United States Senator, Butler continued to advocate for workable reforms from the Populist Party Platform, including the regulation or outright ownership by the United States Government of railroads and telegraphs, as well as for a silver-based currency system.

Butler obtained national prominence in the 1896 United States presidential election when he orchestrated a compromise between Democrats and Populists. Populists endorsed Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan on a ticket with Populist vice-presidential nominee Thomas E. Watson. This was another example of "fusion" under Butler. Ironically, this national Populist-Democrat cooperation coincided with the Populist-Republican cooperation in North Carolina.  After Bryan's loss, Butler continued to work for reform on the national stage which would benefit farmers, but this work would soon be cut short by the "white supremacy" campaigns of the Democratic Party in North Carolina.  Butler lost his bid for re-election in 1900, however he would remain the national chairman of the People's Party until 1904 when he would officially become a Republican. Butler joined the Progressive Republican Faction of the National Republican Party alongside notable individuals such as Theodore Roosevelt.

Post–Senate career

During his time as Senator, Butler received his law degree from the University of North Carolina, and after his electoral defeat in 1904, practiced law in Washington, D.C.

He had married Florence Faison of Sampson County on August 31, 1893, and they had five children: Pocahontas, Marion, Edward F., Florence F., and Wiley.  The former Senator died in Takoma Park, Maryland in 1938, and was buried at Saint Paul's Episcopal Church in Clinton, North Carolina.  A portrait of Marion Butler during his time in the U.S. Senate is included in the collection of the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies in their chambers on the campus of the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Legacy

Butler's legacy is surrounded by considerable debate among scholars of the era.  Progressive historians, who tend to look favorably on the goals of the Populist Movement in general have often discarded Butler's fusionism, silver-backed currency and emphasis on white supremacy as being "un-Populist".  In refuting this analysis, some historians point to Butler's immense popularity among Populist adherents, and to the fact that Butler held at different times the Presidency of the National Farmers' Alliance and was Chairman of the Populist Party itself.

Regardless of the classification of Butler's beliefs and actions, it is undisputed that his actions and rhetoric were extremely influential in the North Carolina and national Populist movement, especially after the death of Leonidas L. Polk, the movement's elder statesman, in 1892.

The Marion Butler Birthplace was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

References

William S. Powell, Dictionary of North Carolina Biography (1979)
James L. Hunt, Marion Butler and American Populism (2003)
James M. Beeby, Revolt of the Tar Heels: The North Carolina Populist Movement, 1890–1901 (2008)

Footnotes

External links

North Carolina Election of 1898
Addresses of Marion Butler, President, and Cyrus Thompson, Lecturer, to the North Carolina Farmers' State Alliance, at Greensboro, N.C., Aug. 8, 9, and 10, 1893, at its Seventh Annual Session.

1863 births
1938 deaths
People from Sampson County, North Carolina
American people of English descent
North Carolina Democrats
People's Party United States senators from North Carolina
North Carolina Republicans
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni

Marion Butler


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 Kindî, felsefe, tıp, matematik astronomi, ilahiyat, psikoloji, fizik, kimya ve müziğe kadar pek çok bilim dalında eser yazan Arap bilim insanı (ö. 873)

Ölümler
 Rābiʿatü-l-ʿAdeviyyetü-l-Kaysiyye, Basralı ünlü kadın sufi (d. 714 veya 718)

801


SAO 206462 es una estrella joven, rodeada de un disco circunestelar de gas y de brazos espirales claramente definidos. Está situada a 400 años luz de la Tierra en la constelación del Lobo (Lupus). La presencia de esos brazos espirales parece estar relacionada con la existencia de planetas dentro del disco de gas que rodea la estrella y que posee un diámetro doble que la órbita de Plutón.

Descubrimiento
El descubrimiento ha sido presentado en octubre de 2011 por Carol Grady, astrónoma de la compañía Eureka Scientific, que posee su sede en el Centro Goddard para Vuelos Espaciales, de la NASA, siendo el primero de esta clase que presenta un elevado grado de nitidez. Se realizó utilizando diversos telescopios espaciales (Hubble, FUSE, Spitzer) y basados en tierra (observatorio Gemini y el telescopio Subaru, situado en Hawái), dentro de un programa internacional de búsqueda de estrellas jóvenes y de estrellas con planetas. En él han colaborado un nutrido grupo de astrónomos de diferentes observatorios.

Enlaces externos
 Una estrella con brazos en forma de espiral. 31 de octubre de 2011. Ciencia@NASA.

Referencias

Estrellas
Constelación de Lupus
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos en 2011
Ciencia y tecnología de Estados Unidos del siglo XXI
Estados Unidos en 2011

SAO 206462


شارع المغيرة بن شعبة،  هو شارع يقع ضمن حي الملك فهد و حي المروج بمدينة الرياض بالسعودية. يبلغ طوله قرابة 2,2 كم، ويبدأ بتقاطعه مع شارع الأمير نايف بن عبد العزيز بحي الملك فهد وينتهي بتقاطعه مع شارع «الأمير تركي بن عبد العزيز (الثاني)» بـحي المروج.

يتقاطع شارع المغيرة بن شعبة مع طريق الإمام سعود بن عبد العزيز بن محمد الذي يفصل الطريق إلى قسمين.

معالم شارع المغيرة بن شعبة
 البنك السعودي للاستثمار.
 سوق الشمال للخضار والفواكه.

مراجع

شوارع في الرياض

شارع المغيرة بن شعبة


Cemal Madanoğlu (22 Mart 1907 – 28 Temmuz 1993) Türk asker. 27 Mayıs Darbesi'nin fiilî lideridir.

İlk yılları
Uşak ilinin Eşme ilçesi'nde 1907 tarihinde doğdu. İlkokulu (1913-1920) ve ortaokulu (1920-1923) İstanbul'da okudu. Babası Yüzellilikler listesinde yer alan Uşaklı Madanoğlu Mustafa'dır. İlkokulu Kartal'da Oğuz Alp Mektebi'nde okudu. Ortaokulu Kadıköy Sultanisi'nde okudu.

Askerî kariyeri
Kuleli Askerî Lisesini atlama ile bir yılda tamamladıktan sonra 1924'te Harp Okuluna kaydoldu. 1926'da piyade asteğmen olarak mezun olduktan sonra Piyade Okuluna devam etti. 1927'de Muğla'daki 1. Dağ Alay Komutanlığına verildi. 1930'de üsteğmen rütbesine yükseltilerek 1931'de Niğde'deki 12. Piyade Alayı'nda ve 1933'te Cizre'deki 7. Sınır Taburu'nda görevlendirildi. Jandarma sınıfına nakledilerek Urfa İl Jandarma Komutanlığı Mülhaklığına verildi. 1934'te Siirt'teki 10. Seyyar Jandarma Taburu'na verilerek yüzbaşı rütbesine terfi ettirildi. Burada Sason Harekâtı'na katıldı. 1936'da Kara Kuvvetlerine dönerek Siirt'te 1. Piyade Alayı Bölük Komutanı oldu. 1937'de 189. Piyade Alayı'na atandı. 1938'de Kurmay kıta stajı için 1. Topçu Alayı'na verildi. 1938'de girdiği Harp Akademisi'nden 1941'de mezun oldu.

Ardından Bergama'daki 205. Dağ Alayı Bölük Komutanlığına tayin edildi. 1941'de Binbaşı rütbesine terfi etti. 1942'de Genelkurmay Başkanlığı 1. Şubesine atandı ve ardından Terkos'taki 24. Tümen 1. Şube Müdürlüğüne getirildi. 1946'da Yarbay rütbesine terfi ettirilerek İstanbul Sıkıyönetim Komutanlığı 1. Şube Müdürü ve Üniversite Talim Alayı Tabur Komutanı oldu. 1947'de Kilyos'taki 82. Piyade Alayı Tabur Komutanı ve ardından 1. Zırhlı Tümen Kurmay Başkanı oldu. 1949'da İstanbul Hava Savunma Bölge Komutanlığı Kurmay Başkanlığı'na atandı. Aynı yıl İzmit'teki 6. Kolordu 3. Şube Müdürlüğüne atanıp Albay rütbesine terfi ettirildi. 1950'de 3. Yurt içi Bölge Komutanlığı Kurmay Başkanlığı, ardından Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı Harekât Başkanlığı Şube Müdürlüğüne getirildi.

1953'te Kore'deki Türk Tugayı Komutan Yardımcılığı'na atandı. 1954'te tuğgeneral rütbesine terfi etti ve Siirt'teki 12. Tümen Komutanlığına atandı. 1956'da Erzurum'daki 3. Ordu Kurmay Başkan Vekili oldu. 1957'de tümgeneral rütbesine terfi ederek Konya'daki 2. Ordu Kurmay Başkanı oldu. 15 Ocak 1958'de Etimesgut'taki Zırhlı Er Eğitim Tümeni, 22 Ekim 1958'de Elazığ'daki 10. Dağ Tümeni Komutanı oldu. 1 Ekim 1959'da Türk Kara Kuvvetleri Lojistik Başkanlığına getirildi.

27 Mayıs darbesi

27 Mayıs 1960 günü, Orgeneral Ragıp Gümüşpala'nın cunta lideri kendisinden daha kıdemsiz ise 3. Ordu ile Ankara'ya yürüyüp isyana son vereceğini bildirmesi üzerine, İzmir'de bulunan Cemal Gürsel'in Ankara'ya getirilmesine kadar, Millî Birlik Komitesi'nin fiilen başkanlığını yaptı. 26 Mayıs 1960 gecesi, Tümgeneral rütbesi ile cuntanın gerçek lideri olarak 27 Mayıs Darbesi'ni yönetti. Millî Birlik Komitesi Güvenlik Komisyonu'nda görev aldı. Komite üyeliği ile birlikte 30 Ağustos 1960'ta korgeneral rütbesine terfi ederek Ankara Sıkıyönetim Komutanlığını da üzerine aldı. Millî Birlik Komitesi üyeleri arasında çıkan ve bilhassa Cemal Gürsel ile kendisi arasında oluşan görüş ayrılığı yüzünden ve Silahlı Kuvvetler Birliği'nin kurulmasıyla ve onun sıkıyönetim komutanlığından çekilmesi istenmesi sonucu 6 Haziran 1961'de Komite üyeliği ile birlikte, Ankara Sıkıyönetim Komutanlığı vazifelerinden Korgeneral rütbesindeyken istifa ederek emekli oldu. 22 Şubat 1962 ayaklanması, 20 Mayıs 1963 ayaklanması ve 9 Mart 1971 darbe teşebbüsüne katılmakla  suçlandı.

Askerlik sonrası ve vefatı

1966'da Cumhurbaşkanı Cevdet Sunay tarafından kontenjan senatörü olarak atandı. Siyasi ortamın gerildiği bir dönemde 9 Mart 1971 Millî Demokratik Devrim darbesi beklentilerinin odağı haline geldi. Ancak 12 Mart 1971 Muhtırası sonrasında oluşan ortamda tutuklandı, Ankara ve İstanbul savcılıklarının yetkisizlik kararıyla serbest kaldı.

Anılarını, Cumhuriyet gazetesinde yayımlandı. Birinci bölümü Anılar adıyla kitap olarak basıldı (1982). Ocak 2019'da ise, Korgeneral Cemal Madanoğlu'nun Anıları isimi kitabında yazdığı tüm notlar ve çeşitli anıları yayımlanmaktadır.

Madanoğlu; Kenan Evren liderliğinde gerçekleştirilen 12 Eylül Darbesi'ni eleştirmektedir. 12 Eylül'ü nasıl değerlendiriyorsunuz sorusuna şu cevabı vermiştir: "CIA, 27 Mayıs'tan sonra gözlerini açtı. Bize sicil verir hale geldi. Amerikan müşavirleri gelir hakkımızda rapor tutardı. Evren, zaten bir hocazade. Bahsettiği ayetler, hadisler hep aileden aldıkları. Genel sağa kayma, ordu da vagon gibi gitti bu sağa kayışın arkasına takılıp."

28 Temmuz 1993 tarihinde İstanbul'da yaşamını yitirdi. Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'nda toprağa verildi.

Kaynakça

1907 doğumlular
Kuleli Askerî Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Kara Harp Okulunda öğrenim görenler
Türk Kara Kuvvetleri generalleri
Darbe girişiminde bulunanlar ve planlayanlar
Millî Birlik Komitesi üyeleri
TBMM Millî Birlik Komitesi üyesi Cumhuriyet Senatörleri
TBMM Cevdet Sunay tarafından seçilen Cumhuriyet Senatörleri
TBMM Cumhuriyet Senatosu Kontenjan Grubu Başkanları
1993 yılında ölenler
Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Piyade subaylar

Cemal Madanoğlu