Strapping Young Lad bio je kanadski ekstremni metal sastav koji je 1994. godine u Vancouveru osnovao Devin Townsend. Grupa je u početku bila samo jednočlani studijski projekt; Townsend je svirao većinu instrumenata na debitantskom albumu Heavy as a Really Heavy Thing iz 1995. godine. Do 1997. je godine skupini pridružio stalne članove; ova je postava, koju su činili Townsend na vokalima i gitari, Jed Simon na gitari, Byron Stroud na bas-gitari i Gene Hoglan na bubnjevima, trajala do raspada sastava.

Glazba Strapping Young Lada odlikuje se poliritmičnim gitarističkim rifovima i stilom bubnjanja, blast beatovima i produkcijom zvučnog zida. Glazbenim stilom skupine uglavnom je upravljao Townsend, čija su bitka s bipolarnim poremećajem i mračan smisao za humor snažno utjecali na njegovo skladanje pjesama. Townsend je također bio poznat po svojem ekscentričnom izgledu i ponašanju tijekom koncerata, što je uvelike pridonijelo intenzivnim nastupima skupine.

Grupa je dobila pohvale kritičara i rastuću skupinu obožavatelja u glazbenom podzemlju nakon što je objavila album  City 1997. godine. Nakon prestanka s radom od 1998. do 2002. godine sastav je objavio još tri albuma postižući svoj komercijalni vrhunac konačnim uratkom The New Black iz 2006. godine. Townsend je raspustio Strapping Young Lad u svibnju 2007. najavivši kako se odlučio povući iz javnog života i kako će istovremeno nastaviti snimati samostalne albume.

Povijest

Heavy as a Really Heavy Thing i City (1994. – 1998.)
Strapping Young Lad započeo je 1994. godine kao samostalni projekt kanadskog glazbenika Devina Townsenda. Nakon što je pjevao na albumu Sex & Religion Stevea Vaija iz 1993. godine i na popratnoj turneji za album iduće godine, Townsend je počeo vjerovati da se pretvorio u "glazbenu kurvu", potrošivši "prvih pet godina [svoje] karijere slušajući naredbe drugih ljudi". Dok je neko vrijeme svirao gitaru na turneji grupe The Wildhearts, Townsenda je nazvao predstavnik A&R odsjeka diskografske kuće Roadrunner Records, koji je izrazio interes za njegove demouratke i želio mu ponuditi ugovor. Ponudu je na koncu opozvao Roadrunnerov predsjednik, koji je smatrao da su Townsendove snimke "samo buka". Kasnije ga je odbila i Relativity Records, diskografska kuća koja je objavila Vaijev Sex & Religion, jer nije vidjela komercijalni potencijal u njegovoj glazbi. Diskografska kuća Century Media Records naknadno je kontaktirala s glazbenikom nudeći mu ugovor kako bi "joj snimio nekoliko ekstremnih albuma". Townsend je pristao na ponudu kuće obvezujući se time na objavljivanje ukupno pet albuma.

Nakon turneje s The Wildheartsom Townsend je počeo snimati i producirati svoj debitantski album, Heavy as a Really Heavy Thing, pod pseudonimom Strapping Young Lad. Prema Townsendovim riječima snimanje je trajalo "oko tjedan dana". Prihvativši The Wildheartsov anarhistički pristup, "istovremeno se usredotočivši na disonancu i na to da pretjeruje što više može", Townsend je pjevao na albumu i svirao većinu instrumenata (uz pomoć bubnjarskog stroja). Međutim, na nekim su pjesmama svirali lokalni studijski glazbenici, među kojima je bio i gitarist Jed Simon, budući punopravni član Strapping Young Lada.

Objavljen 4. travnja 1995., Heavy as a Really Heavy Thing nije bio popularan u metal krugovima. Album je bio prodan u samo 143 primjerka u prvih šest mjeseci objave, ali je dobio pozitivne recenzije heavy metal časopisa. Njegove su neobične glazbene ideje — spoj utjecaja death, thrash i industrial metala potaknule Andyja Stouta iz Metal Hammera da ga nazove "jednim od najuznemirujućih albuma koje ćete ikad čuti". Usprkos tome Townsend je u više navrata izrazio svoju nenaklonjenost uratku. Odbacio ga je u knjižici njegova reizdanja iz 2006. godine komentirajući kako sadrži samo dvije odlične pjesme. U intervjuima je usto izjavio da je loše produciran nazvavši ga "setom remiksanih demouradaka". Kad je Century Media reklamirala reizdanje Heavy as a Really Heavy Thinga kao "ponovno rođenje klasika koji se odupire svrstavanju u žanr", Townsend je taj potez nazvao "sranjem diskografske kuće".

Townsend je za drugi album okupio stalnu postavu: skupini su se pridružili gitarist Jed Simon, basist Byron Stroud i bubnjar Gene Hoglan. City je objavljen 11. veljače 1997. i dobio je vrlo visoke pohvale kritičara. Kerrang! je pohvalio žestinu albuma komentirajući da zvuči kao "guranje glave u bombarderovu mlaznicu", dok ga je Metal Hammer postavio na 13. mjesto svojeg popisa "Top 20 Albuma 1997. godine". Album je ubrzo dobio kultni status i prisvojio skupini posvećenu masu obožavatelja. City mnogi obožavatelji i kritičari smatraju najboljim uratkom sastava. Album se 2002. godine našao na 45. mjestu popisa "69 najboljih metal albuma svih vremena" časopisa Revolver te se 2005. godine pojavio i na Revolverovoj ljestvici "Albuma koje trebate imati". Pojavio se i na popisu "100 najvažnijih albuma iz devedestih" časopisa Terrorizer. Sam je Townsend izjavio da je City "pravi Strappingov album. To je najbolji od svih njih".

Grupa je 1997. godine krenula na svjetsku turneju kako bi podržala album, nastupajući u Europi, SAD-u i Australiji. Dana 30. svibnja 1998. nastupila je na festivalu Dynamo Open Air u Eindhovenu, Nizozemskoj, i sljedeći mjesec nastavila svoju turneju u Europi. U lipnju 1998. godine skupina je objavila No Sleep 'till Bedtime, koncertni album koji je sadržavao skladbe svirane u HiFi Bar and Ballroomu u Melbourneu, Australiji. Century Mediju izvorno nije zanimalo objavljivanje koncertnog albuma, ali ga je, oduševljena Townsendovom produkcijom, ipak pristala objaviti. Na kraju je godine skupina svirala u Japanu i Australiji.

Pauza u radu (1999. – 2002.)
Townsend je krajem 1998. pauzirao rad Strapping Young Lada kako bi se mogao usredotočiti na samostalnu karijeru i produkcijski posao. Već je bio objavio dva samostalna albuma, Ocean Machine: Biomech 1997. i Infinity 1998. godine te je bio producent na nekoliko albuma ostalih glazbenika. Townsend je komentirao kako su brojne prepirke s Century Mediom i njegova borba s bipolarnim poremećajem (zbog kojeg je otišao u psihijatrijsku bolnicu početkom 1998. godine) dovele do smanjenja aktivnosti Strapping Young Lada:
Što se dogodilo? Potpisao sam loš ugovor, ali je srećom bio neisključiv. Umorio sam se od Strappinga pa sam rekao 'Ne mogu ovo više raditi.' Tada sam poludio i otišao u bolnicu. Moj mi je odvjetnik rekao da sam bio pod stresom kad sam potpisao ugovor, pa ugovor nije imao legalnu moć. Tada sam samo rekao 'Jednostavno neću snimiti još jedan Strappingov album.' Na kraju sam rekao da je 'CM najgori izdavač ikad.' A oni su rekli da sam 'potpuni arogantni psihopat.'

Townsend je od 1999. do 2002. ostajao aktivan snimivši još dva samostalna albuma, Physicist iz 2000. godine i Terriju iz 2001. godine te je producirao albume grupama kao što su Zimmers Hole, Stuck Mojo i Soilwork. Iako je Strapping Young Lad službeno nakratko prekinuo rad, ipak je ponekad i nastupao, pojavivši se tako na turneji Foot In Mouth Tour 2001. godine s Fear Factoryjem. U to su vrijeme Townsendove kolege iz sastava također bile glazbeno aktivne; i Stroud i Hoglan snimali su s drugim skupinama, a sva trojica svirala su na Townsendovim samostalnim uradcima kao studijski glazbenici, ali i kao njegovi prateći glazbenici tijekom koncerata. Hoglan i Simon osnovali su početkom 2002. godine i sporedni projekt pod imenom Tenet s basistom Grip Inc.-a, Stuartom Carruthersom, i Interzoneovim pjevačem, Robom Urbinatijem.

Townsend je u prosincu 2001. godine, suprotno svojim prethodnim javnim priopćenjima, najavio da će novi album Strapping Young Lada biti objavljen 2002. godine. Istaknuo je da ne "nameće" svoje uratke obožavateljima kako bi postigao veću prodaju albuma komentirajući da njegov sastav — i njegov ugovor s Centuryjem — nikad nije bio unosan pothvat. Umjesto toga Townsenda je motivirao "kreativan bijes" koji su potaknuli napadi 11. rujna 2001. i koji je kasnije pojačan tijekom njegove turneje 2001. godine. Bio je to prvi put da je album Strapping Young Lada nastao zajedničkim skladanjem pjesama; skupina je napisala "otprilike polovicu" materijala na turneji Foot In Mouth Tour 2001. godine, a ostatak kod kuće nakon siječnja 2002. Nakon što je nastupio na šačici festivala 2002. godine, Strapping Young Lad ušao je u studio u rujnu iste godine kako bi snimio svoj treći album.

Strapping Young Lad i Alien (2003. – 2005.)
Istoimeni je album Strapping Young Lad objavljen 11. veljače 2003. i postao prvi album skupine koji se našao na ljestvicama našavši se na 97. mjestu Billboardove ljestvice Top Heatseekers. Glazbeni su kritičari uglavnom pozitivno recenzirali album. Nate Smith iz Rockzone.com-a nazvao ga je "solidnim dodatkom u Townsendov katalog", ali je komentirao da "nije trenutačan klasik"; Xander Hoose iz Chronicles of Chaosa nazvao ga je "dobrim albumom", ali je napomenuo da nije bolji od Cityja. Strapping Young Lad razlikovao se od Cityja po tome što se sastojao od manje industrijalnih elemenata i po tome što je sličniji death metalu; humor koji je prožimao prethodna dva albuma postao je umjereniji. Pjesma "Devour" kasnije se pojavila na albumu filmske glazbe za film Smrtonosna tama.

Grupa je većinu 2003. i 2004. godine provela na turneji, svirajući u SAD-u, Europi, Kanadi i Australiji. Iako je Townsend izjavio da bi Strapping Young Lad mogao biti posljednji album, sastav je ponovno potpisao ugovor s Century Media Worldwideom u ožujku 2004. i najavio planove za novi album. Strapping Young Lad 2. studenog 2004. objavio je DVD For Those Aboot to Rock: Live at the Commodore, koji je dokumentirao nastup sastava u Commodore Ballroomu u Vancouveru 16. siječnja 2004. godine. Među dodatnim materijalima na albumu bila su dva glazbena spota, "Relentless" i "Detox", kao i intervjui s članovima skupine.

Alien je objavljen 22. ožujka 2005. godine i u svojem je prvom tjednu objave prodan u 3.697 primjeraka. Našao se na 32. mjestu Billboardove ljestvice Top Heatseekers i 35. mjestu ljestvice Top Independent Albums. Kritičari su pohvalili Townsendovu inovativnost i dinamičnost pjesama u kojima se "melodija i razdor susreću na pola puta"; Adrien Begrand iz PopMattersa napisao je da je "Strapping Young Lad [ovim albumom] ponovno podigao ljestvicu", a Krista G. iz Blabbermouth.net-a nazvao ga je jednim od najboljih albuma te godine. Townsend i Hoglan bili su glavni skladatelji pjesama na albumu jer su Simon i Stroud bili zauzeti ostalim obvezama. Townsend je objasnio da eksperimentalna noise skladba "Info Dump" odražava uspaničeno stanje uma do kojeg je došlo nakon što je prestao uzimati lijekove. Snimanje Aliena bilo je dokumentirano i omogućeno za pregled na službenoj stranici Century Medije u veljači 2005. Također je bilo dostupno u inačici bonus DVD-a ograničenog prvog izdanja albuma.

"Love?" je jedini singl s albuma. Njegov je glazbeni spot, inspiriran kultnim horor filmom Zla smrt, režirao Joe Lynch. Videozapis je omogućio veću pažnju sastavu i pomogao skladbi "Love?" da postane jedna od njegovih najpoznatijih pjesama. Jed Simon priznao je kako je odlučio snimiti video za upravo ovu pjesmu jer je imala "najveći komercijalni potencijal".  "Love?" je izvorno bila jedna od dvije potvrđene pjesme za EP koji je trebao sadržavati četiri nove pjesme i četiri obrade. Iako je trebao biti objavljen 2003., EP je na koncu otkazan. Glazbeni spot snimljen je i za pjesmu "Zen"; sam se spot pojavio u filmu Samo pucaj iz 2007. godine.

Strapping Young Lad nastupao je kao glavni izvođač na turneji po SAD-u koja je trajala od travnja do svibnja 2005. godine, a onda je otišao na europsku turneju. Krajem lipnja ponovno je nastupao u SAD-u kao dio turneje Sounds of the Underground, a potom se pridružio Fear Factoryju na turneji Transgression Tour, koja se također održala u SAD-u. Tijekom turneje Byron Stroud, basist Fear Factoryja i Strapping Young Lada, svirao je s objema grupama na svakom koncertu. Sastav je zaključio godinu turnejom po Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu. Tijekom turneje započeo je skladati sljedeći album nastavivši s radom u siječnju 2006. godine i završivši album u svibnju. Isti je mjesec Townsend najavio kako će nakon završetka turneje "nakratko prestati sa snimanjem albuma" jer ga je iscrpilo to što ih je prethodnih deset godina neprestano snimao i producirao.

The New Black (2006.)

The New Black, peti i konačni studijski album Strapping Young Lada, objavljen je 11. srpnja 2006. godine. Century Media postavila je strog rok za njegovu objavu; trebao je biti gotov prije početka Ozzfesta te godine. Usprkos tome Townsend je izjavio da snimanje nije bilo požurivano i The New Black postao je kritički i komercijalno uspješan. Bio je melodičniji od svih prethodnih albuma skupine i na njemu se ponovo pojavio humor s debitantskog albuma. Nakon što je prodan u više od 4.000 primjeraka u prvom tjednu objave, The New Black našao se na 200. mjestu ljestvice Billboard 200, 15. mjestu ljestvice Top Independent Albums i 8. mjestu ljestvice Top Heatseekers. Cosmo Lee iz Stylus Magazinea opisao ga je "žestokim, lako pamtljivim i bez suvišnih pjesama", a Chad Bowar iz About.com-a također je napisao pozitivnu recenziju za album izjavljujući da je "ovo gust i žestok CD, ali da sadrži i neke pamtljive dionice".

Za jedini singl s albuma, "Wrong Side", krajem svibnja snimljen je glazbeni spot. U lipnju 2006. Strapping Young Lad krenuo je na kratku turneju po europskim festivalima nastupajući na Rock am Ringu i Rock im Parku u Njemačkoj te Download Festivalu u Engleskoj, nakon kojih su uslijedili koncerti na drugoj Ozzfestovoj pozornici, na kojima je skupina svirala pred najvećom publikom u svojoj karijeri.

Raspad (2006.)
Townsend je izjavio da je nakon Aliena već znao da neće htjeti nastaviti dalje sa Strapping Young Ladom i da je želio raspustiti projekt već nakon objave Cityja smatrajući da je projekt ispunio svoju svrhu. U intervjuu s časopisom Terrorizer u kolovozu 2006. godine Townsend je objasnio zašto je zaustavio rad skupine:
Čovječe, ja sam na kraju svega samo umoran, star, ćelav, debeo, mrzovoljan i dosadno mi je, znaš? Razmišljao sam ovako, napravit ću ovaj album, odradit ću ovaj glupi Ozzfest i ispričati hrpu glupih viceva ispred gomile ljudi na Downloadu, a onda ću odjebati na neko vrijeme. Što ovo postaje veće, to ja za nj manje marim i na kraju samo želim provesti neko vrijeme sa svojom obitelji. Ne želim pokvariti Strapping i sve ostale projekte tako što bih ih radio za novac. Strapping je bio veliki srednji prst i još uvijek jest, ali mislim da ne treba ići dalje od ovoga.
Iako je Hoglan u početku negirao da se skupina raspala izjavivši da će otići na turneju u ožujku 2007. godine, kasnije je potvrdio da je Strapping Young Lad "pauzirao svoj rad na neodređeno vrijeme" i da je moguće da se nikad više neće okupiti. Tijekom konferencije za novinare koja se održala u svibnju 2007. godine i kojom je podržavao novi samostalni album, Ziltoid the Omniscient, Townsend je najavio da se planira povući iz javnog života i da će prestati davati intervjue i odlaziti na turneje kako bi se mogao usredotočiti na svoju obitelj i snimati samostalne albume, ali i producirati glazbu drugih ljudi. Tim je činom Strapping Young Lad službeno raspušten. Townsend je u intervjuu s Metal Hammerom u svibnju 2007. godine raspravljao o svojim budućim projektima izjavivši da će "u budućnosti možda snimati glazbu koja će biti brutalna i žestoka poput Strappinga, samo što to neće biti Strapping".

Kao što je bio slučaj s remasteriranim Heavy as a Really Heavy Thingom iz 2006. godine, remasterirana inačica albuma City u počast njegove desete godišnjice objave bila je objavljena 7. lipnja 2007. godine i sadržavala je bonus skladbe, ali i prošireni tekst u knjižici albuma koji je napisao Townsend. Kompilacija najboljih hitova, 1994–2006 Chaos Years, bila je objavljena 31. ožujka 2008. i sadržavala je bonus DVD koncertnih nastupa, kao i sve glazbene spotove sastava.

Tijekom retrospektivnog koncerta The Retinal Circus tijekom listopada 2012. godine, Townsend je na pozornicu pozvao Jeda Simona s kojim je izveo dvije pjesme SYL-a, "Love?" i "Detox". Townsend je nakon toga komentirao da je to bio jednokratan nastup i da ne planira ponovo okupiti SYL ni svirati njegove pjesme na budućim nastupima. Na Twitteru je izjavio da više nije jednako povezan sa Strappingovom glazbom i da je navedenim nastupom zaključio odnos između sebe i Strappinga. Na podcastu Metal Hammera Townsend je komentirao da je i dalje vezan uz njegovu glazbu, ali da ga je SYL tjerao u ekstreme koji su ga kasnije izmučili. Na svojoj je web-stranici ponovio da je SYL bio projekt koji je na koncu počeo smatrati opasnim za svoje duševno i tjelesno zdravlje. Godine 2013. svirao je "Love?" na koncertima u Meksiku i Čileu kao "obradu", ali je kasnije požalio zbog te odluke izjavivši da "zbunjuje ljude".

Townsend je 2015. godine ipak svirao "Love?" tijekom svojih nastupa "An Evening with Devin Townsend" u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, dok je 2016. godine tijekom turneje s Devin Townsend Projectom ponekad svirao humorističnu akustičnu verziju skladbe "Detox".

Glazbeni stil
Glazba Strapping Young Lada spajala je žanrove poput industrial metala, thrash metala i black metala. Mnoge su njegove pjesme prikazivale Townsendov svestrani vokalni stil, koji se u jednoj pjesmi često mogao mijenjati iz vrištanja i growlanja u čiste vokale ili čak falseto. Prema Townsendovim je riječima skupina postojala kako bi mogao izraziti svoju "potrebu za ludovanjem", a njegova su dva glavna glazbena projekta, melodičniji The Devin Townsend Band i agresivan Strapping Young Lad, "trebali biti pozitivno i negativno". Kako bi postigao kaotičan i kakofoničan zvuk, sastav se koristio složenim taktovima, poliritmičnim skladanjem, blast beatovima, semplovima, klavijaturističkim efektima i gustom produkcijom. Townsend se tijekom snimanja, miksanja i produciranja pjesama grupe koristio najnovijom dostupnom tehnologijom, među kojima se izdvajaju Pro Tools, Steinberg Cubase i Logic Pro. Kao samozvani "obožavatelj višestrukog snimanja", stvorio je atmosferičan, slojevit "zvučni zid", koji je kasnije postao tipičan za produkcijski stil grupe (jedina je iznimka njezin istoimeni album na kojem nije bilo semplova ni različitih vokalnih slojeva). Townsendove su glazbene ideje i produkcijski stil često bili uspoređivani s Philom Spectorom i Frankom Zappom. Strapping Young Lad uglavnom nije izvodio gitarističke solističke dionice do albuma The New Black, na kojem je melodičnost bila istaknutija nego na prethodnim albumima.

Utjecaji
Velik je broj glazbenih žanrova inspirirao Strapping Young Lad, ali najviše heavy metal. Townsend je, između ostalog, kao svoje glazbene utjecaje naveo Judas Priest, Jane's Addiction, Zoviet France, Grotus i Franka Zappu, ali je nekoliko puta izrazio naklonost skupini Meshuggah, nazivajući ju "najboljim metal sastavom na svijetu". Na Simona i Strouda utjecale su klasične hard rock grupe kao što su AC/DC, Led Zeppelin i Kiss, ali i thrash i death metal sastavi poput Exodusa, Slayera i Morbid Angela, dok je na Hoglana utjecala široka lepeza glazbenika od Stevieja Wondera do progresivnih rock bubnjara kao što su Neil Peart, Terry Bozzio i Nick Mason. Townsend je komentirao da su ga, dok je skladao Heavy as a Really Heavy Thing, najviše inspirirali Napalm Death i Fear Factory, tijekom skladanja Cityja inspirirale su ga skupine poput Foetusa i White Noisea, a dok je snimao The New Black na njega su utjecali Meshuggah i "tradicionalniji metal" poput Metallice.

Tekstovi
Townsend je glavni autor pjesama u grupi. Iako su prva dva albuma bila uglavnom njegovo djelo, naknadni su albumi sadržavali nekolicinu "rifova, tekstualnih ideja i naziva pjesama" njegovih kolega.

Iako je glazba Strapping Young Lada brutalna, njegove pjesme sadrže tragove sarkastičnog humora i samoparodije. Townsendovi su tekstovi često govorili o ozbiljnim osobnim ili političkim problemima na morbidan, duhovit način. Usporedio je neozbiljnost skupine s "Weird Alom" Yankovicem. Townsend je u svojim tekstovima govorio o raznim stvarima uključujući rat, matematičke teoreme i filmove. Također se koristio tehnikom unakrsnih referenciranja, ponavljajući stihove iz vlastitih djela kao što je stariji Strapping Young Lad ili samostalni materijal.

Koncerti

Strapping Young Lad poznat je po energičnim nastupima, uglavnom zbog Townsendovog ekscentričnog izgleda i ponašanja. Adrian Begrand iz PopMattersa napisao je da "nitko na današnjoj metal sceni ne vlada pozornicom poput samozvanog Ćelavog Kučkinog Sina, Devina Townsenda" te je dodao da je Strapping Young Lad "jedan od najboljih koncertnih sastava". Townsend je bio poznat po svojem ponašanju na pozornici; integrirao je svoj ironičan smisao za humor u koncerte i često komunicirao s publikom. Upućivao bi joj komične, ali često i uvredljive komentare, organizirao bi moshanja te parodirao klišeje heavy metala, kao i sam žanr.

Humorističan pristup skupine također je vidljiv u skladbi "Far Beyond Metal", koja se često izvodila uživo od 1997. godine i koja parodira klasični heavy metal. Postala je vrlo popularna među obožavateljima, a njezin se tekst mijenjao sa skoro svakim nastupom. Iako je bila snimljena u koncertnoj inačici za koncertni album No Sleep 'till Bedtime i DVD For Those Aboot to Rock, studijska verzija nije bila snimljena sve do 2006. tijekom snimanja The New Blacka. Grupa se šalila i na račun svojeg kanadskog podrijetla, koristeći se "Blame Canadom", komičnom antikanadskom pjesmom iz filma  South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut kao uvodnom glazbom na mnogim koncertima tijekom 2003. i 2004. godine.

Neko je vrijeme Strapping Young Lad uživo svirao i Townsendov samostalni materijal. Godine 1998., nakon objave Infinityja, počeo je svirati skladbe Strapping Young Lada i Townsendove samostalne skladbe kao dva zasebna seta pjesama. Tek je 2003. godine, nakon objave Accelerated Evolutiona, Townsend osnovao novu skupinu, The Devin Townsend Band, koja je svirala isključivo njegove samostalne pjesme.

Članovi sastava

Vremenska crta

Diskografija
Studijski albumi
Heavy as a Really Heavy Thing (1995.)
City (1997.)
Strapping Young Lad (2003.)
Alien (2005.)
The New Black (2006.)

Izvori

Kanadski sastavi heavy metala
Sastavi thrash metala
Sastavi industrial metala

Strapping Young Lad


John Hadley (16 April 1682 – 14 February 1744) was an English mathematician, and laid claim to the invention of the octant, two years after Thomas Godfrey claimed the same.

Biography
He was born in Bloomsbury, London the eldest son of George Hadley of Osidge, East Barnet, Hertfordshire and his wife Katherine FitzJames. His younger brother George Hadley became a noted meteorologist.

In 1717 John became a member (and later vice-president) of the Royal Society of London. In 1729 he inherited his father's East Barnet estate.

He died in East Barnet in 1744 and is buried in the local churchyard with other members of his family. He had married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Hodges, FRS (former Attorney General of Barbados) and had one child, a son and heir John, born in 1738.

Work
In 1730 Hadley invented the reflecting octant, which could be used to measure the altitude of the sun or other celestial objects above the horizon at sea. A mobile arm carrying a mirror and pivoting on a graduated arc provides a reflected image of the celestial body overlapping the image of the horizon, which is observed directly. If the position of the object on the sky and the time of the observation are known, it is easy for the user to calculate his own latitude. The octant proved extremely valuable for navigation and displaced the use of other instruments such as the Davis quadrant. An American, Thomas Godfrey, independently invented the octant at approximately the same time.

Hadley also developed ways to make precision aspheric and parabolic objective mirrors for reflecting telescopes. In 1721 he showed the first parabolic Newtonian telescope to the Royal Society. This Newtonian, with a  primary mirror, compared favorably with the large aerial refracting telescopes of the day. He also made Gregorian telescopes with accurately shaped mirrors.

Honors
Mons Hadley and Rima Hadley on the Moon are named after him.
The Oasis Trust Academy in Ponders End in north London is called Oasis Academy Hadley in his honour.

See also
List of largest optical telescopes in the 18th century

References

Further reading

External links

 Biography from the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of St Andrews, Scotland

1682 births
1744 deaths
People from Chipping Barnet
18th-century British astronomers
18th-century British inventors
Fellows of the Royal Society
People from Bloomsbury
British scientific instrument makers

John Hadley


Yorkshire is a historic county in England.

Yorkshire may also refer to:
Yorkshire dialect

Place-names of England derived from the historic shire name
East Riding of Yorkshire, a traditional division of the British county and the name of a unitary authority in England since 1996
East Yorkshire (district), a local government district in England between 1974 and 1996
North Riding of Yorkshire, a traditional division of the British county and an administrative county in England between 1889 and 1974
North Yorkshire, a non-metropolitan county and (larger) ceremonial county in England since 1974
West Riding of Yorkshire, a traditional division of the British county and an administrative county in England between 1889 and 1974
South Yorkshire, a metropolitan county in England since 1974
West Yorkshire, a metropolitan county in England since 1974
Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency) (1290-1832)
Yorkshire and the Humber, government office region of England, created in 1994 as Yorkshire and Humberside
Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency), created in 1999

United States
Yorkshire (CDP), New York
Yorkshire (town), New York
York Shire (Province of New York)
Yorkshire, Ohio
Yorkshire, Virginia

Other uses
Yorkshire Building Society, a UK financial institution
Yorkshire County Cricket Club, a first class county cricket club
Yorkshire pudding, a traditional type of food in England
Yorkshire Square, a fermentation system for beer
ITV Yorkshire, a television company in England
Yorkshire Terrier, a breed of dog
Yorkshire Ripper, a British mass murderer
Yorkshire Tiger, a former bus company now known as Team Pennine

See also
 Yorkshire Cup (disambiguation)
Yorkshire Dales
Yorkshire Day
Yorkshire Wolds

Yorkshire (disambiguation)


La Copa Libertadores 2013, denominada por motivos comerciales Copa Bridgestone Libertadores 2013, fue la quincuagésima cuarta edición del torneo de clubes más importante de América del Sur, organizado por la Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol, en la que participaron equipos de once países: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela. El certamen tuvo un receso entre los de cuartos de final y las semifinales, debido a la realización de la Copa FIFA Confederaciones 2013 en Brasil.

El campeón fue Atlético Mineiro de Brasil, que alcanzó el primer título de su historia en la competición. Por ello, clasificó a la Copa Mundial de Clubes 2013, y disputó la Recopa Sudamericana 2014 ante Lanús de Argentina. Accedió, también, a la segunda fase de la Copa Libertadores 2014.

Formato

Un total de 12 equipos —los 2 últimos clasificados del país del campeón vigente, y el último clasificado de cada uno de los restantes países— disputaron la primera fase, en la cual se establecieron seis llaves. Cada una tuvo a su respectivo ganador, que accedió a la segunda fase, a la que ya se encontraban clasificados los restantes 26 equipos, constituyéndose así ocho grupos de 4 equipos. Los dos primeros de cada zona pasaron a las fases finales, disputadas bajo el sistema de eliminación directa y compuestas por los octavos de final, los cuartos de final, las semifinales y la final, en la que se declaró al campeón.

Equipos participantes

En cursiva los equipos debutantes en el torneo.

Distribución geográfica de los equipos
Distribución geográfica de las sedes de los equipos participantes:

Sorteo
El sorteo se realizó el 21 de diciembre de 2012 en el Centro de Convenciones de la Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol.

Bolilleros de la Primera fase

Bolilleros de la Segunda fase

Primera fase

Segunda fase
Los dos primeros equipos de cada grupo accedieron a los octavos de final. Los criterios de clasificación fueron los siguientes:
 Puntos obtenidos.
 Diferencia de goles.
 Mayor cantidad de goles marcados.
 Mayor cantidad de goles marcados como visitante.
 Sorteo.

Grupo 1

Grupo 2

Grupo 3

Grupo 4

Grupo 5

Grupo 6

Grupo 7

Grupo 8

Galería fotográfica

Fases finales
A partir de aquí, los dieciséis equipos clasificados disputaron una serie de eliminatorias a ida y vuelta, hasta consagrar al campeón.

Las fases finales estuvieron compuestas por cuatro etapas: octavos, cuartos, semifinales y final. A los fines de establecer las llaves de la primera etapa, los dieciséis equipos fueron ordenados en dos tablas, una con los clasificados como primeros (numerados del 1 al 8 de acuerdo con su desempeño en la segunda fase, determinada según los criterios de clasificación), y otra con aquellos clasificados como segundos (numerados del 9 al 16, con el mismo criterio), enfrentándose en octavos de final el 1 con el 16, el 2 con el 15, el 3 con el 14, y así sucesivamente. Durante todo el desarrollo de las fases finales, el equipo que ostentara menor número de orden que su rival de turno ejerció la localía en el partido de vuelta. En caso de que dos equipos de un mismo país alcanzaran la ronda de semifinales, se debía alterar, de ser necesario, el orden de las llaves para que ambos se enfrentaran en la mencionada instancia, a fin de evitar que puedan cruzarse en la final.

Tabla de primeros

Tabla de segundos

Cuadro de desarrollo

Nota: En cada llave, el equipo con el menor número de orden es el que definió la serie como local.

Octavos de final

Cuartos de final

Semifinales

Final

Ida

Vuelta

Estadísticas y Premios

Mejor Jugador

Goleadores

Asistentes

Equipo Ideal

Véase también
 Copa Mundial de Clubes de la FIFA 2013
 Copa Sudamericana 2013
 Recopa Sudamericana 2014

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Copa Libertadores 2013 en Conmebol.com
 Copa Libertadores en Twitter
 Copa Libertadores en Facebook
 Copa Libertadores en Bridgestonelibertadores.com
 Copa Libertadores en Pasión Libertadores.com
 Reglamento Copa Libertadores 2013

Copa Libertadores 2013
2013
Fútbol en 2013

Copa Libertadores 2013


Mokokchung (en hindi: मोकोकचुआंग जिला) es un distrito de la India en el estado de Nagaland. Código ISO: IN.NL.MK.

Comprende una superficie de 1 615 km².

El centro administrativo es la ciudad de Mokokchung.

Demografía
Según censo 2011 contaba con una población total de 193 171 habitantes, de los cuales 92 942 eran mujeres y 100 229 varones.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial.

Mokokchung

Distrito de Mokokchung


Inconfundível quarto álbum da carreira do cantor brasileiro Gustavo Mioto. Foi lançado no dia 20 de agosto de 2021 pela gravadora Universal Music e trouxe nove faixas inéditas.

O álbum estreou em 10.º lugar no Top 10 Global de estreias da semana da plataforma de streaming Spotify.

Gravação, produção e lançamento
O disco foi gravado no início do mês de junho de 2021, no Espaço das Américas, em São Paulo. O cenário trouxe uma grande estrutura de painéis de LED para a iluminação e vídeos que revelavam a letra e a melodia das canções executadas, além de diversos efeitos especiais.

O álbum completo foi disponibilizado em todas as plataformas de streaming no dia 20 de agosto de 2021 e as faixas "Não Parei de Sofrer", "Não Usa Ele Não" e "Restrição Sentimental" também ganharam vídeos promocionais, que foram disponibilizados no canal oficial do cantor no YouTube. A canção "Restrição Sentimental" conta com a participação de Marília Mendonça.

Lista de faixas

Álbuns de Gustavo Mioto
Álbuns de 2021
Álbuns de música sertaneja
Álbuns em língua portuguesa
Álbuns lançados pela Universal Music Brasil

Inconfundível


Nobuyuki Zaizen (født 19. oktober 1976) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Vegalta Sendai og Montedio Yamagata.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Nobuyuki Zaizen


Beldibi, Antalya ilinin Alanya ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 184 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Alanya'nın mahalleleri

Beldibi, Alanya


Oberle est un patronyme pouvant désigner:

Patronyme
Bruno Oberle (né en 1955), biologiste et environnementaliste suisse
 (1886-1955), joueur allemand de football olympique
 (1929-2010), homme politique américain du Wisconsin
 (1869-1943), actrice de scène américaine
Frank Oberle (père) (né en 1932), homme politique canadien en Colombie-Britannique
 (né en 1957), homme politique canadien en Alberta

Voir aussi

Homonymie de patronyme

Oberle


Cadoul este un film românesc din 2014 regizat de Dumitru Grosei. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Valeriu Andriuță.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2014 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2014
Filme dramatice românești

Cadoul (film din 2014)


Campionatul European de Minifotbal 2014 a fost cea de a cincea ediție a Campionatelor Europene de Minifotbal și a fost găzduită de Muntenegru în perioada 26-30 septembrie. La acest turneu au participat 24 echipe naționale, împărțite în patru grupe a câte patru echipe, din fiecare grupă echipele clasate pe primele două locuri merg în fazele eliminatorie, plus primele patru echipe clasate pe locul trei cu cel mai bun punctaj. Naționala de minifotbal a României s-a impus și în acest turneu, câștigând finala cu 1-0 în fața echipei naționale a Sloveniei, astfel România își asigură și cel de-al cincelea titlu de campioană europeană la minifotbal.

Faza Grupelor

În cazul în care două sau mai multe echipe sunt la egaliate de puncte după finalizarea meciurilor din grup, pentru a accede mai departe se aplică următoarele criterii de departajare:

 Rezultatul meciurilor jucate între echipele în cauză;
 Diferența de gol în toate meciurile din grupă;
 Un număr mai mare de goluri înscrise în toate meciurile din grupă;
 Numărul mai mare de victorii în toate meciurile din grupă;
 Poziția în sistemul de clasificare EMF;
 Dificultatea adversarilor (conform sistemului de clasificare a CEM);

Grupa A

|}

Grupa B

|}

Grupa C

|}

Grupa D

|}

Grupa E

|}

Grupa F

|}

Clasamentul echipelor clasate pe locul 3

Faza Eliminatorie

În fazele eliminatorie dacă un meci se termină la egalitate în timp regulamentar se trece direct la penalti, o repriză are 20 de minute.

Clasament final

|}

Vezi și
 Campionatul European de Minifotbal 2013
 Campionatul European de Minifotbal 2015

competiții fotbalistice

Campionatul European de Minifotbal 2014


A oitava temporada do Latin American Poker Tour foi disputada em 2015. Ao todo foram 6 etapas nesta temporada em diversos destinos do América Latina.

Programação

LAPT Bahamas
 LAPT BAHAMAS
 Cassino: Atlantis Paradise Island Resot Casino
 Buy-in: $3,000
 Duração: 7 de janeiro de 2015 (quarta-feira) a 9 de janeiro de 2015 (sexta-feira)
 Número de buy-ins:  736
 Premiação total: U$D 1.945.248
 Número de premiados: 111
 Mão vencedora: 9♠

LAPT Viña del Mar
 LAPT CHILE NATIONAL POKER CHAMPIONSHIP
 Cassino: Enjoy Viña del Mar Casino & Resort
 Buy-in: $2,500
 Duração: 6 de março de 2015 (sexta-feira) a 10 de março de 2015 (terça-feira)
 Número de buy-ins:  410
 Premiação total: U$D 904.460
 Número de premiados: 55
 Mão vencedora:  T♠

LAPT Panamá
 Cassino: Sortis Hotel Spa & Casino
 Buy-in: $2,500
 Data: 8 de maio de 2015 (sexta-feira) a 12 de maio de 2015 (terça-feira)
 Número de buy-ins:  422
 Premiação total: U$D 930,932
 Número de premiados: 63
 Mão vencedora: A♣ A♠

LAPT Lima
 Cassino: Atlantic City Casino
 Buy-in: $2,500
 Data: 10 de julho de 2015 (sexta-feira) a 14 de julho de 2015 (terça-feira)
 Número de buy-ins: 366
 Premiação total: U$D 807,396
 Número de premiados: 55
 Mão vencedora:  A♣ 4♣

LAPT Uruguay
 Cassino: Conrad Resort & Casino, Punta del Este
 Buy-in: $3,300
 Data: 18 de setembro de 2015 (sexta-feira) a 22 de setembro de 2015 (terça-feira)
 Número de buy-ins: 267
 Premiação total: U$D 776,970
 Número de premiados: 39
 Mão vencedora:   J♣

LAPT GRAND FINAL São Paulo
 Hotel: World Trade Center Sheraton São Paulo
 Buy-in: R$ 10.000,00 (US$ 2.590,00)
 Duração: 24 de novembro de 2015 (terça-feira) a 2 de dezembro de 2015 (quarta-feira)
 Número de buy-ins:  426
 Premiação total: U$D 974,171.00 (R$ 3.760.300,00)
 Número de premiados: 55
 Mão vencedora:

 Exchange rate 2/12/2015: U$S 1,00 = R$ 3,86

Latin American Poker Tour

Latin American Poker Tour (Temporada 8)


Mitry–Claye is a railway station near Paris, France. It is in the commune of Mitry-Mory, and also serves nearby Claye-Souilly. It is served by regional Transilien trains and the Paris RER trains, so is an important transit point.

See also
 List of stations of the Paris RER

External links

Railway stations in France opened in 1861
Railway stations in Seine-et-Marne
Réseau Express Régional stations

Mitry–Claye station


An Philodendron verrucosum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Louis Mathieu ngan Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Philodendron verrucosum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Philodendron, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Philodendron

Philodendron verrucosum


Kærlighedens Firkløver er en dansk stumfilm fra 1915, der er instrueret af Alfred Cohn efter manuskript af Rudolf Schwarzkopf og Richard Wurmfeld.

Handling

Medvirkende
 Henry Seemann - Aage Krag
 Johanne Fritz-Petersen - Else Juel
 Oscar Stribolt - Baron Browning
 Amanda Lund - Komtesse Toledo
 Frederik Jacobsen - Dixon, Krags hushovmester
 Maja Bjerre-Lind
 Henny Lauritzen
 Cajus Bruun
 Carl Lauritzen
 Betzy Kofoed
 Axel Boesen
 Ingeborg Olsen
 Oscar Nielsen
 Agnes Andersen

Eksterne henvisninger

Film instrueret af Alfred Cohn
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1915

Kærlighedens Firkløver


Svetište Gospe Olovske je marijansko svetište u gradiću Olovu u Bosni.

Olovo je gradić smješten 50 km sjeveroistočno od Sarajeva, na magistralnoj cesti što vodi od Sarajeva prema Tuzli. Tamo su još od srednjega vijeka poznata nalazišta olovne rude, po čemu je grad i dobio ime.

Prvotni franjevački samostan s crkvom osnovan je u 14. st. i on ide u red najstarijih samostana u Bosni. Nalazi se na popisu samostana fra Bartola Pizanskoga iz god. 1385/90. Prigodom osmanskoga osvojenja Bosne god. 1463, samostan i crkva su pošteđeni razaranja. Od sredine 17. st. katolici u pojačanoj mjeri iseljavaju u prekosavske krajeve. Samostan je zapao u velike dugove zbog raznih nameta i globa, tako da je oko 1670. bio privremeno napušten. Franjevci su za kratko prevladali krizu, ali se u vrijeme Bečkoga rata (1683-99) stanje veoma pogoršalo. Zbog iseljavanja i islamizacije gotovo je nestalo katoličkoga pučanstva u Olovu i okolici. God. 1687. svi su franjevci, osim gvardijana, napustili samostan, a 1700. definitivno su se preselili u Ilok. U noći 1. na 2. kolovoza 1704. god. samostan i crkva su zapaljeni. Za podmetanje požara počinitelj je, prema zapisima u kronici, naručen i nagrađen.

Olovska crkva nije bila velika (12,60x9,50 m). Njezini masivni zidovi bili su građeni od tesanog kamena. Iznutra je bila ožbukana i likovno dekorirana, o čemu svjedoči jedan ulomak zida pronađen u vrijeme austrougarske uprave u BiH, a koji se čuva u Zemaljskom muzeju u Sarajevu. Od stare olovske crkve očuvan je i ključ (također u Zemaljskom muzeju), koji je istodobno služio kao samokres, ako se trebalo braniti.

Samostan je bio vrlo bogat dragocjenostima, od kojih se u jednom popisu iz 17. st. spominju 4 plašta, 17 misnica, 11 patena, 14 kaleža itd. Zbog velikih nameta franjevci su se morali zadužiti, pa su iz tog razloga u zalog kod jednoga dubrovačkog vlastelina položili veći dio svojih dragocjenosti. Tim se predmetima, kao i mnogim drugim što su ih franjevci ponijeli kada su napuštali Olovo, zagubio svaki trag.

U Olovu su nakon 1704. god. preostale samo ruševine samostana i crkve. Brigu o ruševinama vodio je sutješki samostan, a od 1833. god. župa Vijaka, na čijem se području nalazi Olovo. Osamdesetih godina 19. st. ruševine je istražio arheolog Ćiro Truhelka.

Nakon velikog hodočašća od oko 5.000 vjernika god. 1866, sljedeće je godine podignuta drvena crkva. Ona se, međutim, 1913. srušila. God. 1923. pokrenuta je akcija za podizanje Gospina Svetišta. Izrada plana povjerena je arhitektu Karlu Pařiku (Paržiku). Radovima se pristupilo tek nakon nekoliko godina. U prvoj fazi 1930-32. god. crkva je izidana do krova i takva je ostala do 1936, kada je pokrivena. God. 1938. postavljen je kameni oltar s tabernakulom, izrađen po nacrtu K. Pařika. Portal je obložen bračkim mramorom 1961. god., što se najbolje ne uklapa u vanjski izgled crkve gdje dominira grubo tesani kamen. Osim što je tu odstupljeno od projekta, to je također učinjeno i kod izvedbe kora, a umjesto predviđene kupole izgrađen je drveni kružni svod. God. 1963-65. sanirani su temelji crkve.

Zdanje nije do kraja završeno. Od predviđenih četiriju kula, na uglovima crkve, izgrađene su dvije 1968-71. god. Jedna je posvećena fra Matiji Divkoviću (†1631), a u drugoj su posmrtni ostaci fra Ljudevita Zloušića (†1969) i njegova bista, koju je izradio K. Bošnjak. Također još nisu izvedeni toranj, bočni trijemovi uzduž crkve i trijemovi ispred crkve.

U olovskom svetištu nalaze se dvije Gospine slike. Jedna je iz 18. st. s natpisom S. Maria Plumbensis , koja je do 1920. bila kod franjevaca u Iloku, a kasnije na Petrićevcu i u Sarajevu, da bi 1964. bila prenesena u 0lovo. Drugu je sliku god. 1954. izradio Gabrijel Jurkić prema opisu negdašnje Olovske Gospe , koja je nestala.

Od drugih starijih predmeta najvrednija je kasnogotička srebrna kadionica iz 15. stoljeća. Ona je vjerojatno u 17. st. dospjela u franjevački samostan u Iloku, a ponovno je vraćena u Olovo 1935. god., nakon što je troškom svetišta u Olovu za Ilok nabavljena druga.

God. 1984. postavljene su postaje križnoga puta, koje je izradio slikar Slavko Šohaj, a dvije godine kasnije i vitraili od istoga slikara. Crkva je time obogaćena u estetsko-religioznom smislu. Ona je, k tomu, bila i ostala povijesni znak franjevačke i hrvatske prošlosti, ne samo u tom kraju nego i šire.

Nedaleko od Olova u Bakićima nalaze se ostaci srednjovjekovne crkve. Njezini su temelji istraženi i konzervirani.

God. 1972-73. izgrađen je, po projektu R. Mandića, stan za upravitelja svetišta i njegove pomoćnike.

Olovsko svetište Majke Božje spadalo je među najveća hodočasnička mjesta na Balkanskom poluotoku. Prema jednom zapisu iz 1679. godine, Gospi u Olovo hodočastili su katolici i inovjerci, osim iz Bosne, također i iz Bugarske, Srbije, Albanije i Hrvatske. I u današnje vrijeme olovsko je svetište privlačno hodočasničko mjesto. Mahom se hodočasti na svetkovinu Velike Gospe, sredinom mjeseca kolovoza, a i u drugim prilikama.

U svetištu se nedjeljom drži jedna misa, a druga u selu Oćevija, koje, kao i Olovo pripada župi Vijaka, ali ga pastorizira upravitelj olovskog svetišta. U tom cijelom području godine 1991. živjelo je oko 500 katolika, dok ih je u samom Olovu bilo tek nekoliko desetaka. Tijekom zadnjeg rata njihov broj se još smanjio: Iz Olova je prognano 60 od ukupno 85 duša, a iz Oćevije 508 od ukupno 530 stanovnika. Danas u Olovu živi 25 katolika, dok ih u filijali Oćevija ima 94.

U planu je izgradnja Hodočasničkog doma i uređenje okoliša svetišta za što je plan izradio arhitekta Rajko Mandić iz Sarajeva.

Izvori

Rimokatolička Crkva u Bosni i Hercegovini
Marijanska svetišta

Svetište Gospe Olovske


Saksiri Meesomsueb ( ; Système général royal de transcription du thaï : Saksiri Misomsuep) est un poète et écrivain thaïlandais, ainsi qu'un peintre et un dessinateur. Il est également connu sous le nom de plume Kittisak.

Biographie
Il fut élève de l'Académie des arts de Poh Chang et publia son premier recueil en 1983.

Saksiri Meesomsueb a remporté le prix des écrivains de l'Asie du Sud-Est en 1992 pour son recueil de poèmes, Cette main est blanche. En 2005, il a reçu le prix Silpathorn pour la littérature.

Il fit partie des 12 personnes nommées artistes nationaux pour l'année 2016 dans différents domaines par le ministère de la Culture de Thaïlande.

Références

Liens externes

Poète thaïlandais du XXe siècle
Poète thaïlandais du XXIe siècle
Naissance en août 1957
Naissance dans la province de Nakhon Sawan
Lauréat du prix des écrivains de l'Asie du Sud-Est
Artiste national de Thaïlande

Saksiri Meesomsueb


Nottingham Trent University (NTU) is a public research university in Nottingham, England. Its roots go back to 1843 with the establishment of the Nottingham Government School of Design, which still exists within the university today. It is the sixth largest university in the UK (out of ) with  students split over five different campuses in Nottingham. The university has most recently opened a new campus in London.

The annual income of the institution for 2021–22 was £393.5 million of which £9.1 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £385.5 million.

History

The university was formed by the amalgamation of several institutions of higher education. It originated from the Nottingham Government School of Design founded in 1843.

In 1945, the Nottingham and District Technical College was established. In 1958, Nottingham Regional College of Technology opened and in 1959, the Nottingham College of Education began at Clifton. In 1964, Nottingham Regional College was opened and in 1966, the original Nottingham College of Design was linked with the Regional College. Together they merged and the institution was upgraded to Polytechnic status in 1970 to become 'Trent Polytechnic'. In 1975 it amalgamated with Nottingham College of Education, and in 1988 the official name changed to 'Nottingham Polytechnic'.

Under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992, all polytechnics and some higher education colleges became eligible for full university status; at this point, the institution officially became 'Nottingham Trent University'.

In 2017, the university received the Times Higher Education 'University of the Year Award' and in 2018, the 'Modern University of the Year Award' from the Sunday Times. In 2019, The Guardian awarded the university its 'University of the Year' award. The university once again received the 'Modern University of the Year Award' from the Sunday Times in 2022.

Campuses
The university has six campuses: City, Clifton, Creative Quarter, Brackenhurst, Confetti London, and NTU in Mansfield.

City campus

Located just north of Nottingham City Centre, the City site is home to over 17,000 students from Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Law School, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment, School of Art & Design, School of Social Sciences and the Centre for Broadcasting & Journalism, which regenerated Newton and Arkwright, two of the university's largest and oldest owned buildings. On 18 May 2011, the two buildings were officially opened by Sir David Attenborough.

Boots Library
The Boots Library is the main library of the university. It is in the centre of the city site and supports the schools of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment, Art & Design, Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Law School and Social Sciences. It is a purpose-built building, completed in 1998 at a total cost of £13m ; with a refurbishment completed in summer 2013. It is set over four levels plus a further level dedicated to 24-hour computing facilities. There are branch libraries on the Clifton and Brackenhurst campuses serving the schools located there, and include additional Animal Planet digital facilities.

The Recent Advances in Manufacturing database (RAM) is published by the library and information department. It is a bibliographic indexing service providing information for manufacturing and related areas. Literature covered includes journals, magazines, books, videos, and conference proceedings with from 1990 to 2012.

Clifton campus

Home to over 9,000 students from the School of Arts and Humanities, School of Science and Technology and School of Education.  outside the city centre, the Clifton campus was a self-contained, greenfield site. It hosts an Anthony Nolan Trust Cord Blood Bank, and the John van Geest Cancer Research Centre. The Clifton campus has had investments from the Lee Westwood Sports Centre. Clifton campus is linked to the City site by a student bus service (number 4) operated by NCTX.

Brackenhurst campus

Home to over 1,000 students from the School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, the campus is located in the former Brackenhurst College which was dissolved in 1999 in favour of Nottingham Trent University.

Situated about  from the city centre in the Southwell area of Nottinghamshire, Brackenhurst campus is sited at the former Brackenhurst Hall, a countryside estate with woodland, a lake and landscaped gardens. Contrasting with the country house built in 1828 are facilities including the high-tech glasshouse and new Veterinary Nursing building. The Veterinary Nursing Centre was purpose-built in 2007 and was made a RCVS accredited Veterinary Nursing Centre.

Creative Quarter campus
The Creative Quarter campus, home to the Confetti Institute of Creative Technologies, is located a short walk east of the city centre on Convent Street. It is home to over 2000 students across its college and degree courses. The campus consists of the main Digital Media Hub on Convent Street, as well as Metronome (both a live music venue and a music studio complex) on Huntingdon Street, Confetti X (an Esports venue, also on Huntingdon Street), and Space 2 (a shared building that contains TV studios and related facilities) near Sneinton market. The institute, along with all its related businesses (collectively the Confetti Media Group), were bought by NTU in 2015.

Confetti London
Opened in September 2023, Confetti London is an extension of the Confetti Institute of Creative Technologies. It's located on Commercial Road in Whitechapel, London. It contains several music studios, a large social space, specialist teaching spaces, and a 600-capacity venue for live music, esports, and virtual production.

NTU in Mansfield

Nottingham Trent University (NTU) has collaborated with the West Nottinghamshire College University Centre to extend higher education provisions for Mansfield and Ashfield.

The £6.5 million University Centre was opened in 2016 to provide a range of programmes including full and foundation degrees and continue professional education. The University Centre is now known as NTU in Mansfield.

Organisation and administration

The university is composed of eight academic schools:

 School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences
 School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
 School of Art & Design
 School of Arts and Humanities
 Nottingham Business School
 Nottingham Law School
 School of Science and Technology
 School of Social Sciences

Plus NTU in Mansfield and the Confetti Institute of Creative Technologies.

Governance

Chancellors
In June 2008, Sir Michael Parkinson was named as the first Chancellor, responsible for a number of duties, including representing the university on special occasions and conferring degrees at graduation ceremonies (although he was absent from all the 2009 graduation ceremonies). The official installation as Chancellor of Nottingham Trent University took place in a special ceremony on Tuesday 11 November 2008, at the Royal Concert Hall, Nottingham.

 Sir Michael Parkinson (2008–2014)
 Kevin Cahill CBE (2014–2017)
 Sir John Peace

Vice-Chancellors
 Ray Cowell (1992–2003)
 Neil T Gorman (2003-2014)
 Edward Peck (2014–present)

Chairman of the board of Governors
 Neil Gaulden
 Sir John Peace (1999–2009)

Academic profile

Business and industry links

The university maintains close ties to over 6,000 businesses and 94% of students progress to full-time employment or further education within six months of graduating.
These companies include Microsoft, Toyota, Boots, Experian and Rolls-Royce.

Across NTU, there are a number of dedicated centres that provide a focus for expertise and business resources.

Since 2001, the university has helped 250 start up companies of which 70% have been successful.

In 2019, the university began offering qualifications in Artisan Food Production, in affiliation with The School of Artisan Food on the nearby Welbeck Estate.

Research
The university has a research arm with, in 2014, 90% of the university's research considered to be "world-leading" and "internationally excellent" or "internationally recognised".

In November 2015, the university was awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education, "the highest national honour for a UK University" based on numerous research projects. In November 2021, the university again received the award, based on numerous research projects.

Rankings and reputation

Nottingham Trent University is the sixth largest university in the UK with  students split over five different campuses in Nottingham. The university is set to open a new campus in London.

In 2008 The Guardian said Nottingham Trent University was "one of the top places in the country for graduate employment", with 94% of students progress to full-time employment or further education within six months of graduating.

It was ranked 600 globally by the QS World University Rankings in 2013.

In 2015, WhatUni ranked the university 12th in its 'Student Choice Awards'. In the same year, the Times Higher Education ranked the university as 31st out of 113 universities in the country for student experience. In November 2015, Nottingham Trent received the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education in the Science and Mathematics category, repeated in 2021 for projects involving digital imaging of architecture and heritage sites.

The university held a Gold rating in the UK Teaching Excellence Framework for June 2017.

Nottingham Trent University was awarded University of the Year in 2019 by The Guardian. It was ranked number 12 in the UK by The Guardian in 2020.

Nottingham Trent University achieved an Athena SWAN Bronze Award for good practices towards the advancement of gender equality in 2019.

Trent has also received a five-star rating on the QS World University Rankings for universities within the 801-1000 category.

Environmental profile

Sustainability
The university was named "the most environmentally friendly university in the country" by The Guardian, and in 2009 it was awarded the title of "the most environmentally friendly university in the UK", by The People & Planet Green League (the only independent ranking of British universities' environmental and ethical performance – published by the Times Higher Education); with 100% of the university's electricity generated by renewable sources since 2009.

Between 2009 and 2012, NTU received four First Class Awards from Green League, reflecting its commitment to carbon reduction and its efforts to become an environmentally aware higher education institution.

Aside from organising various 'green' activity clusters (e.g., The Carbon Elephant, The Wind Turbines Project, The UCycle Scheme), the university has also been formally awarded Fairtrade status. Fairtrade products are therefore available in all campus shops, catering outlets and the Students' Union. Also, Nottingham Trent University branded T-shirts and hoodies sold in the Student Union shops are made from Fairtrade cotton. Additionally, the university holds a yearly Fairtrade Fortnight Celebration, featuring a range of events and activities to raise awareness of the work of the Fairtrade Foundation and NTU's commitment to ensuring that farmers in some of the poorest areas of the world receive a fair price for their produce.

The university published a Sustainable Purchasing Policy in 2007, which was said to outline specific aims meant to embed sustainability into the institution's purchasing activities. NTU also acknowledged its responsibility to operate in an ethical manner and claims to take into account social, environmental and ethical considerations in all of its activities, including financial investment. The university's Treasury Management Policy included a separate section on Ethical Investment, which states that "investments shall only be made with institutions with a clear and transparent Ethical Investment Policy which reflect the university's ethical values".

Campus biodiversity

The university's conglomerated estate includes approximately 250 hectares of land, spread across its three campuses. These different land types, ranging from urban centres to farmland, are considered valuable ecological assets by the university, which is dedicated to conserving the biodiversity found on and around its grounds.

City Campus

Despite the intense density of buildings typical of any urban setting, the university has been making efforts to enhance biodiversity found within the site. Newton and Arkwright, the flagship buildings of NTU, house not only staff and students, but also two peregrine falcons, which are protected under Schedule One of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. In this sense, the university runs a collaborative project with the Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust; since 2002, the building has been regularly used by the peregrines, who nest on a specially arranged ledge near the top of the skyscraper. The nest site, which is being publicly broadcast on the Internet, has been successfully used to raise 16 chicks between 2008 and 2012.

Newton and Arkwright's common roof has varieties of sedum covering it. Bird species that can be found include blackbirds, song thrushes, wrens, robins and even rare black redstarts.

Clifton Campus

Located  south of Nottingham city centre, on the outskirts of Clifton Village, the area comprises 32 hectares of land in a relatively enclosed campus environment.

Biodiversity can be noticed around the campus, including a variety of species of birds, bats and insects. Habitats are also provided within areas such as The Grove, bounding the site to the north-east, comprising mature trees along the River Trent. The university's commitment to biodiversity across all of its estates includes constant investigating into exactly what creatures share the campus with humans and how the environment can be enhanced to encourage numbers to increase, and to entice new wildlife to the campus. Future plans to help enhance biodiversity and manage the landscape have been made publicly available by the university in 2012.

Brackenhurst Campus

Brackenhurst Campus comprises a 200-hectare scenic estate situated on the outskirts of Southwell, and is set around a former country house built in 1828.

Given its rural setting, a vast array of wildlife co-exists with staff and students; present are species and habitats such as the great crested newt, badger, European hare, ancient hedgerows, the Victorian Walled Garden (a listed Heritage site), and Sheepwalk's pond and Wildlife Hide (Wetland Conservation Area). Webcams on campus enable the monitoring of such species and habitats.

Student life

Students' Union
Nottingham Trent Students' Union (NTSU) provides student activities and events, a Student Advice Centre, leisure and retail services, democratic representation and night-time entertainment at all three NTU campuses.

RAG is NTSU's fundraising department, where volunteers plan events to raise funds for local, national and international charities, as chosen by the members.
The Student Magazine – Platform – is published online every month during the academic year, and is also available on campus in print form. It covers education, local and on-campus news, as well as arts, culture, sports and lifestyle. The magazine recently played host to the Student Publication Association's annual conference.
The Students' Union television station – Trent TV – broadcasts programmes online including coverage of Freshers Week and the annual NTSU Awards, student nights out in Nottingham and 'Trent TV News' – for which the station was awarded 'Best News Programme of 2011' by the National Student Television Association.
The Students' Union Radio Station – Fly Live – broadcasts everyday from 9am to 9pm on their website including daytime shows, specialist shows, entertainment, sport and news. Started by then SU president, Ben Morrison in 1996, they have since won multiple Student Radio Association awards and have had numerous nominations.

UKIP Controversy

In late 2014, some Nottingham Trent University UKIP students attempted to form an official society for their party. The Union's Societies Assembly voted to block the formation of this group in spite of similar Labour and Conservative societies already existing.

The situation rose to prominence in January 2015 when an article appeared on the website of Young Independence calling the ban "An affront to democracy" and this sentiment was echoed by UKIP's Margot Parker MEP in a statement a few days later. Various news outlets became interested in the story, including Sky News.

On 21 January 2015 the Union admitted that some members of the Societies Assembly made their decision based on personal political beliefs and therefore overturned the ban.

Sport
NTU sports scholars have competed in the summer and winter Olympic Games, the Commonwealth Games and world championships. NTU alumni include England Rugby player Nick Easter and GB Hockey players Crista Cullen and Alistair Wilson.

The 2010 world number one golfer and honorary graduate Lee Westwood opened the new Lee Westwood Sports Centre on the university's Clifton campus. The centre has sport and athlete support facilities, including sports halls, studios and fitness suites, and a nutrition training centre.

NTU is consistently ranked in the top 20% of institutions in the British Universities & Colleges Sport (BUCS) championships, in the 2014/2015 season the university achieved 17th place. The university competes in the Varsity Series against local rival, the University of Nottingham.

Rowing
Nottingham Trent University Rowing Club is affiliated to British Rowing (boat code NTU) and Trent Polytechnic's Rachel Hirst won the women's single sculls title at the 1986 British Rowing Championships.

Notable alumni

 Grace Keeling – English TikToker and host of the podcast Saving Grace.
 Richard Evershed – Professor of Biogeochemistry and Fellow of the Royal Society.
 Roger Carr – British businessman, current chairman of BAE Systems.
 Darryl Hunt - English musician and singer-songwriter, who was best known for playing bass guitar in The Pogues.
 Rayner Hoff – Public sculptor who rose to prominence in Australia.
 Nene Amegatcher – Active Justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana (2018–2023)
 Dame Laura Knight – First female artist to be made a Dame of the British Empire
 Paul K. Joyce - Music composer.
 Matt Berry – Actor, writer and comedian
 Patricia Noxolo – British geographer who is a professor at the University of Birmingham. She is the Chair of the Society for Caribbean Studies.
 Freda Love Smith – American musician, journalist, and non-fiction author. She was a lecturer at Northwestern University.
 Mohammed bin Jasim Alghatam – Bahraini politician. He was President of the University of Bahrain and Minister of Education of Bahrain.
 Karen A. Smith  – New Zealand management academic. She is a full professor at the Victoria University of Wellington.
 Libor Michálek – Czech economist, politician, and whistleblower.
 Mamoru Iriguchi – Japanese multimedia artist and theatre designer.
 Olav Bjortomt – Quiz setter for The Times and notable contestant
 Christopher Blanchett – BBC presenter and weather forecaster
 Chris Townsend CBE - KPMG Senior Partner and Head of KPMG's Infrastructure, Government, Defence and Healthcare (IGH) practice.
 Steve Trapmore MBE - Olympic gold medallist.
 Richard Hounslow - Slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1999 until his retirement in 2016.
 Hazel Blears – Labour Party MP for Salford (1997-2015), former Cabinet Minister and Chair of the Labour Party
 Crista Cullen MBE – Olympic gold medal-winning English field hockey player.
 Erold Naomab – Namibian academic. He is the vice-chancellor of the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST).
 Stewart Brown – English poet, university lecturer and scholar of African and Caribbean Literature
 Rizwan Hussain – Barrister and UK television presenter.
 Jack Saunders – British radio DJ and TV presenter. He is best known for presenting his shows on BBC Radio 1.
Paul Carr – writer, journalist and commentator.
 Ana Boulter – Actress, TV Presenter
 Ben Bradley – Conservative MP for Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, since 2017
 Graham Budgett – Artist and educator
 Daniel Byles – Guinness world record holding Ocean Rower and polar explorer, Conservative MP for North Warwickshire from 2010
 Vernon Coaker – Labour Party MP for Gedling, Nottingham, 1997–2019
 Stuart Trevor - Scottish-born fashion designer who founded the retail group AllSaints.
 Amy Voce – Award-winning Radio Breakfast Show presenter, currently on Virgin Radio.
 Hattie Naylor – English playwright.
 Graham Ibbeson – British artist and sculptor, known for the realistic figurative sculptures he has created for public commissions in the United Kingdom.
 Sean Cunningham – Flight Lieutenant
 Joe Coombs – canoe slalom athlete
 Shane Cullinan – composer
 Flight Lieutenant Sean Cunningham 1977–2011 – Red Arrows pilot
 Adrian Searle – chief art critic of The Guardian newspaper in Britain, and has been writing for the paper since 1996. Previously he was a painter.
 Alan Dapre – Children's Author, BBC Radio and Television Playwright: Brum, Boohbah
 George Daniels – Watchmaker
 Varun Dhawan – Bollywood actor
 Jane Smit – Former England Ladies Cricketer
 Liz Blackman – British Labour Party politician.
 Richard Evans – Graphic designer of album covers and music-related design
 Bob Mackenzie – British businessman.
 Matthew Offord – British Conservative Party politician.
 Dudley D. Watkins – Creator of Lord Snooty and Desperate Dan for the Beano and Dandy comics.
 Arthur Henry Knighton-Hammond – Artist
 Stephen Dixon – Sky News presenter
 Nick Easter –  Rugby Union player
 Nick Freeman – solicitor.
 Temi Balogun – Nigerian media personality and creator of the TV series Skinny Girl in Transit.
 Chris Harrison – British photographer
 Lucy Horobin – Sony Award nominated broadcaster with a career spanning 20 years in radio.
 Bobby Friction – DJ
 James Robert Ford – Contemporary conceptual artist.
 Neal Lawson – British political commentator and organiser.
 Jon McCarthy – Professional footballer.
 Nwabueze Nwokolo – Royal princess of Ngwaland and Nigerian United Kingdom based lawyer who is council member at Law Society of England and Wales.
 Ryan France – Professional footballer
 Rajdeep Goala – Indian politician
 Jonathan Glazer – Film and Video Director
 Dan Hardy – mixed martial artist, UFC Welterweight fighter
 Nigel Healey – Vice-Chancellor, Fiji National University
 Rachel Hirst – Olympic rower
 Lucy Orta – English contemporary visual artist.
 Steve Hogarth – Lead Singer of Marillion
 John Davies – British landscape photographer.
 Jack Scott – British meteorologist
 James Rowe – English football manager and former player.
 Anthony Howell – Professional footballer at Mansfield Town FC
 Felix Ibru – Nigerian architect
 Nick Waplington – British-American artist and photographer. He has critically acclaimed work displayed at the Tate Britain, Venice Biennale, and Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
 John Bowley – British architect and engineer.
 Lawrence Bright – British architect.
 Hedley John Price – English architect based in Nottingham.
 John Frederick Dodd – British architect based in Derbyshire.
 Gilbert Smith Doughty – British architect based in Nottingham and Matlock.
 Noel Denholm Davis – English artist, who worked chiefly as a portrait painter.
 Charles Doman – British sculptor based in Nottingham.
 Arthur Lowe – British painter and member of the Nottingham Society of Artists.
 Joseph Else – British sculptor based in Nottingham and associate member of the Royal Society of British Sculptors.
 Sheila Robinson – British artist and illustrator, one of the Great Bardfield Artists and member of staff at the Royal College of Art.
 Richard Evans – British graphic designer and author.
 Mary Gillick  – British sculptor and medallist, best known for her effigy of Elizabeth II used on coinage in the United Kingdom and elsewhere from 1953 to 1970.
 John Howitt – British architect based in Nottingham.
 Sidney Roberts Stevenson – English architect based in Nottingham.
 Joseph Warburton – English architect based in Nottinghamshire.
 Charles Nelson Holloway – British architect based in Nottingham.
 James Woodford  – English sculptor most famous for the statue of Robin Hood outside Nottingham Castle.
 Harold Knight  – English portrait, genre and landscape painter.
 Jonathan Huxley – Artist
 Ellie Harrison – British artist.
 Martyn Jones – Former Labour Party MP
 Tim Noble and Sue Webster – British artists who are associated with the post-YBA generation of artists.
 Alastair Wilson – GB and England hockey player.
 Alyn Smith – Scottish politician
 Rob Ryan – British visual artist who specialises in Papercutting and screen-printing.
 Samson Kambalu – Malawi-born artist, academic, and author. He is a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.
 Scout Niblett – English singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist.
 Lala Meredith-Vula – English and Albanian-Kosovian artist and photographer.
 Stephen Jones – English novelist and lo-fi musician.
 Paul Kaye (Dennis Pennis) – Actor, Comedian
 Paul Kenyon – BAFTA-winning journalist and author.
 Paul Lester – Businessman who is chairman of the FTSE 250 companies McCarthy & Stone, and Essentra.
 Neal Lawson – Political commentator
 Dai Roberts – British sculptor, print and installation artist
 Said Adrus – Ugandan-British artist.
 Barry North – retired senior Royal Air Force officer, who served as Deputy Commander (Personnel) at RAF Air Command.
 Adam Leventhal – Presenter at Sky Sports News
 Dave Lewis – CEO of Tesco PLC
 Matthew Spacie – India-based British entrepreneur, humanitarian, and a former international rugby player.
 Lynda Clark – author and creator of interactive fiction.
 Anne Marie Waters – Far-right politician and activist based in the UK.
 Jürgen Maier – British-Austrian businessman, and the former Chief Executive of Siemens UK.
 Jenny Tiramani – British costume, stage and production designer.
 Marc Spackman – Professional swimmer who had a successful International career spanning 10 years.
 Keith Piper – British artist, curator, critic and academic
 Ed Macfarlane – Singer, Friendly Fires
 Glenis Willmott – Retired British Labour Party politician who served as leader of the European Parliamentary Labour Party (EPLP).
 Arthur Spooner – British painter
 Mel Ramsden – British conceptual artist and member of the Art & Language artist group.
 Christian O'Connell – Broadcaster
 Mike Parry – Broadcaster
 Michael Driscoll – British economist. From 1996 to 2015, he was Vice-Chancellor of Middlesex University in London.
 Joyce Mbui – Kenyan lawyer
 Alex Rodman – Professional Footballer at Aldershot Town F.C.
 Donald Rodney – Artist
 Tim Stead MBE – British sculptor and furniture maker who worked primarily in wood.
 Mark Simmonds (former Member of Parliament) – former MP for Boston and Skegness
 Alan Simpson – MP for Nottingham South 1992–2010 (Students' Union President 1969–70)
 Six By Seven – Nottingham-based rock band
 Simon Starling – Turner Prize Winner, 2005
 Simon Taylor-Davis – Guitarist in the Klaxons
 Tom Kay - Rower and three times world championship gold medallist.
 Stephen Newton – British artist
 Iwan Thomas – BBC Radio 4 Brain of Britain, 2011
 David Pearson – British social care administrator
 Tom Sandberg  – Norwegian art photographer.
 David Tress – Anglo-Welsh Artist
 Roger Southam FRICS – British chartered surveyor and managing agent.
 Mark Crossley – Award-winning music and sports broadcaster.
 Keith Albarn – English artist
 Charlie Christina Martin – British racing car driver and transgender rights activist.
 Chuka Umunna – MP for Streatham (2010–19) and former Shadow Business Secretary.
 Glenis Willmott – Labour MEP for East Midlands
 Sonali Shah – BBC broadcaster
 Charlie O'Loughlin – Professional footballer
 Peter Liddle – British landscape artist and sculptor, known for his allegorical depictions of the British Isles.
 Richard Bacon – British broadcaster
 Sam Fell - Oscar and BAFTA nominated director of animated films, including Flushed Away.
 Paul Hart – British landscape photographer.
 Alistair Begg - Pastor
 Brendan Clarke-Smith – Politician
 Alex Ibru – Nigerian businessman, founder and publisher of The Guardian (Nigeria) newspaper, who was minister of internal affairs.
 Tony Galvin – Professional footballer
 Katie Byres – British track and field athlete
 Nicholas Buckland – English competitive ice dancer
 Andreas Schmidt - German artist
 Duncan Baker – British Conservative Party politician
 Penny Coomes – English competitive ice dancer
 John Richard Townsend – English painter and fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.
 Samson Kambalu – Malawi-born artist, academic and author who trained as a fine artist and ethnomusicologist at the University of Malawi's Chancellor College.
 Courtney Sweetman-Kirk – English footballer
 George Cooper – English professional footballer
 JoBeth Coleby-Davis – Bahamian Progressive Liberal Party politician and attorney who has been the Bahamian Minister of Housing and Transport since September 2021.
 Jon Burgerman – British artist
 Eddie Cooper – British actor.
 Malik Noor Saleem Khan – Pakistani politician
 Chris Lee Chun Kit – Malaysian politician.

See also
Armorial of UK universities
BioCity Nottingham
List of UK universities
Nottingham Conference Centre
Post-1992 universities

References

External links

Educational institutions established in 1992
1992 establishments in England
Education in Nottingham
Grade II listed buildings in Nottinghamshire
University Alliance
Universities UK

Nottingham Trent University


Evghenii Vitalievici Mironov () este un actor de teatru și film rus, artist al poporului din Rusia (2004), dublu laureat al premiului de Stat al Federației Ruse (1995, 2010).

Este directorul artistic al teatrului de stat al națiunilor din anul 2006.

Note

Vezi și
 Titanium (film)

Legături externe
 Sitel oficial
 Teatrul de stat al Națiunilor
 Evgheni Mironov pe site-ul "Cultura Saratovului"

Nașteri în 1966
Nașteri pe 29 noiembrie
Actori ruși
Ruși în viață

Evgheni Mironov


Panto may refer to:

 Pantomime, a genre of musical comedy stage production, developed in England and mostly performed during Christmas and New Year season
American pantomime, theatre entertainments in North America derived from the English entertainment genre of Pantomime
 Panto (surname)
 Pantograph (rail), an overhead current collector for a tram or electric train
 Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor
 Panto!, a 2012 ITV Christmas special

See also

 Big Brother Panto, a 2004–2005 series of the UK TV show Big Brother
 ITV Panto, a series of pantomimes originally broadcast on ITV in 1998, 2000, and 2002
Pantos (disambiguation)

Panto


Mary Eugenia Charles (rođ. 15. svibnja 1919., Pointe Michel, Dominika  6. rujna 2005., Fort-de-France, Martinik) bila je dominička političarka i predsjednica Vlade Dominike od 21. srpnja 1980. do 14. lipnja 1995. Prva je i jedina žena koja je postala predsjednica Vlade Dominike.

Njena politička karijera počela je u 1960-im godinama kada je vodila kampanju protiv cenzure u tisku. Pomogla je u osnivanju Dominičke stranke slobode i vodila ju od ranih 1970-ih do 1995. godine. Izabrana je za predstavnicu u Zastupničkom domu 1970. i vodila je oporbu od 1975. godine. Postala je predsjednica Vlade nakon što je Dominička stranka slobode pobijedila na izborima 1980. godine.

Izvori

Životopisi, Dominika
Političari nakon Drugog svjetskog rata
Političari nakon 1989.
Politika Dominike

Eugenia Charles


Die Saison 1962/63 der Amateuroberliga Niedersachsen war die 14. Saison der höchsten niedersächsischen Amateurliga im Fußball. Sie nahm damals die zweithöchste Ebene im deutschen Ligensystem ein. Meister wurden der VfL Wolfsburg. Neben den Wolfsburgern nahmen der VfL Oldenburg und Leu Braunschweig an der Qualifikation zur Regionalliga Nord teil, wo sich Oldenburg und Wolfsburg durchsetzen konnten.

Die Abstiegsplätze nahmen im Westen Rot-Weiß Damme und Victoria Oldenburg sowie im Osten Goslarer SC 08 und Borussia Hannover ein. Dafür stiegen aus der Amateurliga Niedersachsen die Amateure des SV Arminia Hannover, die Sportfreunde Lebenstedt in die Gruppe Ost und Wilhelmshaven 05 sowie Germania Papenburg in die Gruppe West auf. Der VfB Peine wechselte zur Saison 1963/64 in die Ostgruppe.

Durch die Einführung der Bundesliga wurde die Amateuroberliga Niedersachsen in der Saison 1963/64 nur noch drittklassig.

Tabellen

West

Entscheidungsspiele um Platz 14
Die punktgleichen Mannschaften aus Emden und Oldenburg mussten den zweiten Absteiger ausspielen. Der genaue Modus ist nicht bekannt.

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Nachdem zwei Spiele unentschieden ausgingen musste ein Entscheidungsspiel in Wilhelmshaven die Entscheidung bringen. Hier setzte sich Emden mit 3:0 durch und schickte die Oldenburger in die Amateurliga.

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Ost

Niedersachsenmeisterschaft

Die beiden Staffelsieger ermittelten in Hin- und Rückspiel den Niedersachsenmeister. Gespielt wurde am 20. und 27. April 1963. Der VfL Wolfsburg setzten sich dabei durch und sicherten sich die Niedersachsenmeisterschaft. Die Wolfsburger qualifizierten sich durch ihre Platzierung in der Qualifikation für die Regionalliga Nord noch für die deutsche Amateurmeisterschaft 1963.

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Qualifikation zur Qualifikationsrunde zur Regionalliga Nord

Die beiden Vizemeister ermittelten in Hin- und Rückspiel den dritten niedersächsischen Teilnehmer an der Qualifikation zur Regionalliga Nord. Da in der Staffel West die Amateure des VfL Osnabrück Vizemeister wurden und diese Mannschaft nicht an der Qualifikation zur Regionalliga teilnehmen durfte, rückte der Drittplatzierte Verein TuS Celle nach. Gespielt wurde am 28. April und 1. Mai 1963. Leu Braunschweig setzte sich dabei durch und nahm an der Aufstiegsrunde teil.

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Aufstiegsrunde zur Amateuroberliga
Die acht Meister der Amateurligen ermittelten im Ligasystem vier Aufsteiger in die Landesliga. Die beiden Gruppensieger und Gruppenzweiten stiegen auf.

Gruppe A

Gruppe B

Der TV Bohmte nahm als Teilnehmer der Amateurliga 8 an der Aufstiegsrunde teil, obwohl noch Entscheidungsspiele gegen die punktgleichen Mannschaften von Germania Papenburg und Alemannia Salzbergen auszutragen waren. Bohmte setzte sich zwar sportlich in der Aufstiegsrunde durch, jedoch gewann Germania Papenburg die Entscheidungsspielrunde in der Amateurliga 8. Der niedersächsische Verband erklärte daraufhin Germania Papenburg zum Aufsteiger, obwohl die Mannschaft nicht an der Aufstiegsrunde teilgenommen hat.

Literatur

Oberliga-Saison (Fußball, Niedersachsen)
Amateuroberliga Niedersachsen 1962 63

Amateuroberliga Niedersachsen 1962/63


Legătura covalentă coordinativă, de asemenea cunoscută și ca legătură de tip donor-acceptor' sau dipolară, este un tip de legătură covalentă dicentrică și dielectronică la care participă doi electroni de la același atom. Acest tip de interacțiune se obține în urma legării dintre ionii metalici și ligand în cazul complecșilor coordinativi, sau dintre alți atomi, cum este cazul ionului amoniu.

Formare
Legătura covalentă coordinativă se formează când donorul are o pereche de electroni neparticipanți, iar acceptorul are nevoie de doi electroni. Donorul este atomul de la care provine dubletul de legătură, iar acceptorul este cel care acceptă de la donor perechea, în vederea stabilirii covalenței. Pe baza acestei teorii se formează covalențele coordinative dintr-o serie de compuși.

În complecșii metalici din chimia organometalică, de tipul [M(H2O)n]x+, legătura dintre molecula de apă, care este ligandul, și cationul metalic este de tip covalent coordinativă.

Vezi și
 Legătură covalentă
 Complex (chimie)
 Aduct

Referințe

Legături chimice
Chimie coordinativă

Legătură covalentă coordinativă


Mehmet Cemil Uybadın (1880, İstanbul - 5 Temmuz 1957, İstanbul), Türk asker ve siyasetçi.

1901 yılında Kara Harp Okulu'ndan, 1905 yılında da Erkân-ı Harbiye'yi bitirerek kurmay yüzbaşı oldu. Trablusgarp Savaşı, Balkan Savaşları ve I. Dünya Savaşı'na katıldı. Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı'nda çeşitli görevlerde bulundu. Yarbay rütbesindeyken emekliye ayrıldı. II., III., IV., V., VI., VII. ve VIII. Dönem Tekirdağ milletvekili olarak TBMM'de bulundu. CHP genel sekreterliği (1924-1925) ve İçişleri Bakanlığı (1925-1927) yaptı.

Kaynakça

Türk yarbaylar
TBMM 2. dönem Tekirdağ milletvekilleri
TBMM 3. dönem Tekirdağ milletvekilleri
TBMM 4. dönem Tekirdağ milletvekilleri
TBMM 5. dönem Tekirdağ milletvekilleri
TBMM 6. dönem Tekirdağ milletvekilleri
TBMM 7. dönem Tekirdağ milletvekilleri
TBMM 8. dönem Tekirdağ milletvekilleri
1880 doğumlular
1957 yılında ölenler
İstanbul doğumlu siyasetçiler
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanları
Kırmızı şeritli İstiklâl Madalyası sahipleri
TBMM İçişleri Komisyonu
İstanbul'da ölenler
Mekteb-i Harbiye'de öğrenim görenler
Osmanlı karacı subayları
Trablusgarp Savaşı'nda Osmanlı askerleri
Balkan Savaşları'nda Osmanlı askerleri
I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Osmanlı askerleri
Kurtuluş Savaşı'ndaki Türk askerler
Mekteb-i Erkân-ı Harbiye'de öğrenim görenler
Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi genel sekreterleri
Piyade subaylar

Cemil Uybadın


Revolveraš (1956.) (The Gunslinger), film
Revolveraš (televizijska serija), iz 1961.
Revolveraš (The Gunslinger), film

The Gunslinger


Kale-i Sultaniye Antlaşması veya Çanakkale Antlaşması, Osmanlı-İngiliz Savaşı'nın sonucu olarak 5 Ocak 1809 tarihinde, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile Birleşik Krallık arasında imzalanmış bir barış antlaşmasıdır. Antlaşmaya Osmanlı tarafını temsilen nişancı Mehmet Emin Vahat Efendi, Birleşik Krallık tarafını temsilen Robert Adair imza koymuştur.

On iki maddeden oluşan bu antlaşmaya göre Birleşik Krallık'ın işgal etmiş olduğu Osmanlı toprakları Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na geri verilecekti. Osmanlı topraklarında bulunan Britanyalı tüccarların savaş sırasında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu tarafından el konulmuş olan malları sahiplerine iade edilecekti.

Antlaşmanın 4. maddesi, Eylül 1675'te Birleşik Krallık ile Osmanlı arasında imzalanmış olan ve daha önceki Britanya imtiyaz ve kapitülasyonlarının bir özeti niteliğinde olan antlaşmanın geçerli olduğunu bildiriyordu. Buna ek olarak, 5. maddede, Birleşik Krallık'ın da kendi sınırları içinde ticaret yapacak olan Osmanlı gemilerine ve tüccarlarına elverişli koşullar sağlayacağı belirtiliyordu. Altıncı maddede, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun belirlemiş olduğu gümrük haddinin, Britanyalı tüccarlarca kabul edileceği bildiriliyordu.

Yedinci, sekizinci ve dokuzuncu maddeler, diplomatik temsil konusunda düzenlemeler getiriyordu. Elçilere karşılıklı olarak saygı gösterilecek, Osmanlı Devleti kendi tebasının haklarını korumak için Malta dahil olmak üzere Birleşik Krallık yönetimindeki topraklarda şehbender (konsolos) görevlendirebilecekti. Büyük Britanya'nın Osmanlı topraklarındaki diplomatik temsilciliklerinde tercüman görevlendirilmesi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu tarafından verilecek berâtlarla mümkün olacaktı. Tüccar ve zanaatkârlara tercüman beratı verilmeyecekti. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu tebâsından kişiler Birleşik Krallık konsolosu olarak görevlendirilemeyecekti. Onuncu maddede, Osmanlı tebâsından kişilerin Birleşik Krallık himayesine alınamayacağı belirtiliyordu.

Antlaşmanın en önemli maddesi olan on birinci maddeyle, savaş gemilerinin Çanakkale ve İstanbul boğazlarından geçmelerinin önceki dönemlerde her zaman yasak olmuş olduğu hatırlatılıyor, bu eski kurala tüm devletlerin barış döneminde de uyması isteniyordu. Birleşik Krallık tarafı, bu kurala uyacağını belirtiyordu.

Son maddede antlaşmanın yürürlüğe giriş süreci düzenlendi.

Ayrıca bu antlaşmanın bazı gizli maddelerinde, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun Fransa'ya karşı savaşması halinde, Birleşik Krallık'ın Osmanlı'ya destek vereceği hükümleri bulunmaktaydı.

Kaynakça

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun barış antlaşmaları
Birleşik Krallık barış antlaşmaları
Birleşik Krallık-Türkiye ilişkileri
Çanakkale Boğazı tarihi

1809'da Birleşik Krallık

Kale-i Sultaniye Antlaşması


Âdî ispinoz ya da bayağı ispinoz (Fringilla coelebs), ispinozgiller (Fringillidae) familyasından ötücü bir kuş türü.

Özellikleri

Uzunlukları yaklaşık 15 cm, erkeklerin gaga üstü siyah, tepesi, ense ve boyun yanları mavimsi bozdur. Sırtı pas renginde, kuyruksokumu yeşil, kuyruğunun kenar tüyleri beyaz, kanatları siyah ve beyaz çizgilidir. Dişiler ve yavrular daha soluk, kahverengimsi boz renkleri ile ayırt edilir.

Yaşam şekli
Şakrak ve yüksek perdeden ötüşleriyle tanınan bu kuşlar ormanlarda, bahçe ve parklarda yaşar. Genellikle ağaç çatallarında kurdukları özenli yuvaları yosun likenle gizlenmiştir.

Dağılımı

Avrupa'da en yaygın görülen kuşlardan biridir. Afrika'nın kuzeyine ve Asya'nın orta kesimlerine kadar yayılmış olan bu tür, Türkiye'nin hemen her yerinde rastlanan yerli kuşlar arasındadır.

Ötüşü
Erkeklerin genellikle iki veya üç farklı tür ötüşleri vardır. Ötüşler bölgeden bölgeye farklılık gösterebilir.

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

İspinoz
Avrupa kuşları
Türkiye'deki kuşlar
Norveç'teki kuşlar
Afrika kuşları
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Bayağı ispinoz


Mary Miles Minter (born Juliet Reilly; April 25, 1902– August 4, 1984) was an American actress, and one of the leading ladies who established the early Hollywood  star system. She appeared in 53 silent films from 1912 to 1923.

In 1922, Minter was involved in a scandal surrounding the murder of director William Desmond Taylor, for whom she professed her love. Although gossip implicated her mother, former actress Charlotte Shelby, as the murderer, Minter's reputation was tarnished, and she gave up her film career in 1923.

Early life
Minter was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, the younger of two daughters born to J. Homer Reilly (1877–1958) and Lily Pearl Miles (later known as Broadway actress Charlotte Shelby; 1877–1957). Her sister was Margaret Reilly, who later became an actress using the name Margaret Shelby.

Career

Stage and film career

At the age of five, she accompanied her sister Margaret on an audition because no babysitter was available. She was noticed by the director and given her first part. She began her stage career and frequently was employed afterward, widely noted for both her talent and visual appeal. To avoid child labor laws while the 10-year-old was appearing in a play in Chicago in 1912, Charlotte Shelby obtained the birth certification of her older sister's deceased daughter from Louisiana, and Juliet became Mary Miles Minter.

In her screen debut, in which she was billed as Juliet Shelby, she appeared in the 1-reel short film The Nurse (1912). Her new stage name was applied, and Minter starred in the role as Viola Drayton, the fairy, in the 5-reel drama The Fairy and the Waif (1915).

Minter's career steadily grew after that. She specialized in playing demure young women. With her photogenic features, blue eyes, and blonde curls, she emulated and later rivaled Mary Pickford.

Her first movie for director William Desmond Taylor was Anne of Green Gables (1919). It was well-received, and Taylor actively promoted Minter. According to Minter, a romantic relationship developed between them.  However, Minter (who had grown up fatherless) said Taylor had reservations from the outset and later curtailed the romance, citing their 30-year age difference.  Other people who knew Taylor and Minter said he never reciprocated her feelings.

Scandal
On February 1, 1922, Taylor was murdered in his home, a two-story bungalow apartment on Alvarado Street, at the southeast corner of Alvarado and Maryland Street in the Westlake area of Los Angeles.

The ensuing scandal, following the Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle scandal of Labor Day weekend 1921, and Arbuckle's murder trial, was the subject of widespread media speculation and embellishment. Newspapers reported that coded love letters written by Minter had been found in his bungalow after his death (these were later shown to have been written three years earlier in 1919). Minter was at the height of her success, having starred in more than 50 films, and newspaper revelations of the 20-year-old star's association with the 49-year-old murdered director was cause for a sensational scandal.

There were several suspects (including her mother Charlotte Shelby) in the long investigation of Taylor's murder. In 1937, Minter publicly announced to the Los Angeles Examiner newspaper: "Now I demand that I either be prosecuted for the murder committed fifteen years ago, or exonerated completely. If the District Attorney has any evidence, he should prosecute. If not, then I should be exonerated... Shadows have been cast upon my reputation." Taylor's murder was never solved, but neither film actress Mabel Normand (who was the last person to see Taylor alive), nor Minter, were ever regarded as serious suspects in the murder by police investigators.

In a 1970 interview, during which she described Taylor as her "mate," Minter recalled going to view Taylor's body immediately after the murder. In shock, she demanded to be used for a blood transfusion to revive him, not believing he was dead until she touched his body in the morgue: "That deadly cold... convinced me as nothing else could have done. No life can return to this man." She broke down and sobbed: "They crucified Jesus. Now they've crucified... They've crucified my mate."

Later career and retirement
Minter made four more motion pictures for Paramount, with her last being The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1923). The studio did not renew her contract: she was 23-years old.
 She received many other offers but declined them all, saying she had never been happy as an actress.

Personal life

Minter was involved with James Kirkwood Sr. for a time in 1916 when she was 15 years old. Minter and Kirkwood "married" without benefit of clergy in the countryside near Santa Barbara. The relationship ended after Minter became pregnant by Kirkwood and underwent an abortion, which was paid for by her mother.

In late 1922, several months after Taylor's death, Minter became involved romantically for a time with then-news correspondent of Los Angeles and movie critic Louis Sherwin, who had at one time been married to actress Maude Fealy.

In 1925, Minter sued her mother for an accounting of the money Shelby had received for her during her screen career. The case was settled out of court, with the settlement being signed by Minter and Shelby at the American consulate in Paris, France, on January 24, 1927.

In 1934, a hearing took place in Los Angeles, in which Hilda Desey, the proprietor of a dress shop on Wilshire Blvd., claimed that Minter entered her shop and took a tweed dress valued at $55.00 by force. Minter countered in court by stating that she had helped finance Miss Desey's dress shop and that she took the dress as she was owed interest. The deputy district attorney declined to issue a complaint for either petty theft or malicious mischief, as it was decided that there was no evidence of malicious intent on the part of Minter.

In 1957, Minter and real estate developer Brandon O. Hildebrandt (1898–1965) were married. They remained married until Hildebrandt's death in 1965.

Later years
Minter commented she was content to live without her Hollywood career. She later reconciled with her mother and proclaimed her love for Taylor throughout her life. Minter's money had been invested in Los Angeles real estate, and she seems to have lived in relative comfort and prosperity. She later moved to a house in Santa Monica, California; her mother Charlotte Shelby died there in 1957.

In 1981, Minter was severely beaten in a burglary at her home in which more than $300,000 worth of antiques, china and jewelry were taken. A former live-in companion and three other people were charged with attempted murder and burglary. The police described her as a frail old woman, and people often were shocked to learn she had been a famous movie star.

Minter died in 1984 at age 82 from a stroke in Santa Monica. She was cremated, and her ashes were scattered at sea. For her contribution to movies, she has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1724 Vine Street in Hollywood.

Legacy
Much of Minter's work has been lost; of her 53 films, approximately a dozen are known to exist today. A print of her 1919 movie The Ghost of Rosy Taylor surfaced in New Zealand in the 1990s. Other known surviving movies include The Fairy and the Waif (1915), Youth's Endearing Charm (1916), A Dream or Two Ago (1916), The Innocence of Lizette (1916), The Eyes of Julia Deep (1918), Nurse Marjorie (1920), A Cumberland Romance (1920) and The Little Clown (1921).

Filmography

References

Sources

External links

 Mary-Miles-Minter.com

1902 births
1984 deaths
Actresses from Louisiana
American child actresses
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American silent film actresses
Actors from Shreveport, Louisiana
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from Santa Monica, California
Paramount Pictures contract players
20th-century American actresses

Mary Miles Minter


Hypsolebias faouri é uma espécie de peixe de água doce. Esta espécie é encontrada nas bacias do rio São Francisco e no norte do Brasil no rio Amazonas.

Descrição
O grupo de espécies Hypsolebias antenori compreende um clado monofilético de peixes anuais que ocorrem na região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil. A maioria das espécies desse grupo é encontrada na bacia do Rio São Francisco, mas há três espécies que habitam pequenas bacias costeiras. A espécie nova de "Hypsolebias faouri", é descrita de uma poça temporária localizada próximo ao Rio Preto, afluente do Rio São Francisco, e a espécie nova de Hypsolebias martinsi, é descrita de uma poça anual próxima ao Rio Icaraizinho, uma drenagem costeira. Dados moleculares corroboram o monofiletismo de "Hypsolebias" e de ambas as novas espécies.

Reprodução
A produção de novos indivíduos que contêm alguma porção de material genético herdado de um ou mais organismos parentais. A espécie tem a capacidade de criar um novo organismo combinando o material genético de dois gametas, que podem vir de dois organismos progenitores ou de um único organismo, no caso de hermafroditas autofecundantes.

Ligações externas

Rivulídeos

Hypsolebias faouri


Anousheh Ashouri est un homme d'affaires anglo-iranien détenu à la prison d'Evin en Iran entre 2017 et 2022. Il est libéré en même temps que Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe le 16 mars 2022.

Arrêté par les autorités iraniennes en août 2017, alors qu'il était dans le pays pour rendre visite à sa mère, il est condamné en août 2019 par la justice iranienne à 12 ans de prison : 10 ans pour avoir selon les autorités iraniennes "espionné pour le Mossad israélien" et deux ans pour "avoir acquis des richesses illégitimes".

Biographie
Anousheh Ashouri étudie  l'ingénierie mécanique et aéronautique au Royaume-Uni où il passe 10 ans à partir de 1972, après quoi il retourne en Iran pour prendre soin de son père malade. Il se réinstalle au Royaume-Uni en 2005 pour "étendre son activité à l'étranger".

Réactions à son emprisonnement
Des universitaires britanniques et la famille d'Ashoori ont déclaré que la détention d'Ashoori, et celle d'autres citoyens iraniens emprisonnés à la double nationalité, est liée à des différends diplomatiques entre l'Iran et le Royaume-Uni.

Voir aussi

 Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe
 Fariba Adelkhah

Notes et références

Emprisonnement et détention en Iran
Double nationalité
Relations entre l'Iran et le Royaume-Uni

Anousheh Ashouri


John Hawkes (født John Marvin Perkins, 11. september 1959) er en amerikansk skuespiller, kendt for sin skildring af sælgeren Sol Star på HBO-serien Deadwood, Dustin Powers i Eastbound & Down, meth-narkomanen Teardrop Dolly i Winter's Bone, for som han blev nomineret til en Oscar for bedste mandlige birolle, og sin Golden Globe og Screen Actors Guild Award-nominerede portræt af Mark O'Brien i The Sessions.

Filmografi
 The Peanut Butter Falcon (2019)

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra USA
Personer fra Minnesota
Amerikanere i 1900-tallet
Amerikanere i 2000-tallet
Oscar-nominerede skuespillere
Pseudonymer

John Hawkes


Tenstrike est une ville américaine située dans le Comté de Beltrami, dans le Minnesota. Selon le recensement de 2010, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Ville au Minnesota
Comté de Beltrami

Tenstrike (Minnesota)