الزاوية العابدية هي بلدة وبلدية في دائرة تقرت في ولاية تقرت في الجزائر. وفقًا لتعداد عام 2008 بلغ عدد سكانها 19993 نسمة، مقارنة بـ15381 في عام 1998، ويبلغ معدل النمو السكاني السنوي 2.7٪. تشكل الجزء الشمالي من منطقة تقرت الحضرية.

مراجع

بلديات ولاية تقرت

الزاوية العابدية


Kopli ist ein Dorf (estnisch küla) in der Landgemeinde Lüganuse (Luganuse vald). Es liegt im Kreis Ida-Viru (Ost-Wierland) im Nordosten Estlands.

Das Dorf hat 23 Einwohner (Stand 1. Januar 2012).

Weblinks
 Beschreibung (estnisch)

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Estland
Geographie (Lüganuse)

Kopli (Lüganuse)


Ambulantno liječenje, vrsta zdravstvene zaštite, uz bolničko liječenje, konzilijarnu zdravstvenu zaštitu i specijalistička zdravstvena zaštita. U obuhvat joj spadaju: ambulantno liječenje i dnevna bolnica.

Ambulantno liječenje mora pružiti uslugu male kirurgije, višednevnog ili ponavljajućeg liječenja prema unaprijed određenoj proceduri u pravilu u trajanju kraćem od 6 sati, te aplikacija ponavljajuće terapije kroz duže razdoblje. Primjeri: uklanjanje patoloških kožnih promjena, fizikalna terapija, mjesečna aplikacija lijekova s bolničke liste, upale rožnice, fototerapija i sl.

Dnevna bolnica mora pružiti uslugu jednodnevne kirurgije, liječenja kojem može prethoditi ili iz kojeg može proizići dijagnostika, a koje je u pravilu u trajanju dužem od 6 i kraćem od 24 sata). Primjeri su: hemodijaliza, kemoterapija, psihijatrijska dnevna bolnica, operacija katarakte, operacije hernije, operacija proširenih vena, karpalnog tunela, liječenje krvnim pripravcima i sl.

Liječnik specijalist u ambulatnom liječenju obvezan je nakon izvršenog pregleda odrediti sadržaj ambulantnog liječenja. Za sve dijagnostičke procedure koje indicira a sastavni su dio liječenja vezan uz uputnu dijagnozu, kao i za sve kontrolne preglede tijekom ambulantnog liječenja, dužan je izdati interne uputnice. Nakon završnog kontrolnog pregleda zaključuje ambulantno liječenje a daljnju skrb preuzima izabrani doktor primarne zdravstvene zaštite. U završnom nalazu bolnički liječnik izdaje izvješće o provedenom liječenju te preporuku o daljnjem algoritmu kontrola a kod uvođenja terapije koristi se generičkim nazivljem lijekova gdje god je to moguće. Hospitalizacijom prekinuto liječenje onkoloških, transplantiranih i dijaliziranih bolesnika temeljem uputnice D1 i D2 nastavlja se na uputnicu kojom je započeto liječenje. Liječenje u dnevnoj bolnici podrazumjeva potpunu skrb o osiguranoj osobi do završetka liječenja.

Izvori

Zdravstvo

Ambulantno liječenje


Paul Henry Ourry (1719-1783) est un officier de la Royal Navy et homme politique britannique qui siège à la Chambre des communes de 1763 à 1775.

Jeunesse
Ourry est le deuxième fils de Louis Ourry, huguenot de Blois et de sa femme Anne Louise Beauvais, fille de Louis Beauvais et est né le 3 octobre 1719 .

Carrière navale
Ourry rejoint la Royal Navy et est lieutenant en 1742 sur le  de 1742 à 1744 et participe à la bataille de Toulon. De 1746 à 1748, il sert sur le . Il épouse Charity Treby, fille de George Treby, ancien secrétaire à la guerre, le 26 août 1749 . De 1751 à 1752, il sert sur le  et de 1752 à 1756 sur le . Il est promu capitaine et commandant en 1756 et reçoit le commandement du brûlot , au mouillage à Port Mahon. La guerre avec la France éclate en mai 1756, alors qu'Ourry est en route pour Port Mahon pour prendre le commandement de son navire. Les Français saisissent Proserpine avant l'arrivée d'Ourry, et il est contraint de retourner en Angleterre et de demander au Navy Board un commandement alternatif .

Après quelques retards, Ourry est nommé commandant de la nouvelle frégate de sixième rang HMS Success|1740) à partir du début de 1757. Cependant, des problèmes familiaux l'obligent à demander un congé pour se rendre à Halifax, dans le West Yorkshire. La Marine est réticente à accéder à la demande, et Ourry n'obtient l'autorisation qu'après l'intervention de John Clevland, le secrétaire de l'Amirauté et un ami de la famille d'Ourry. Une demande ultérieure de congé supplémentaire est catégoriquement refusée avec l'avis de l'Amirauté que « son service est recherché et est si urgent que les Lords n'autoriseront aucune autre action pouvant occasionner un retard de quelques instants » .

En juin 1758, Ourry participe au débarquement dans la baie de Cancale. Il commande le  de 1759 à 1763 et participe à l'expédition contre Belle Île en juin 1761 et aux opérations en Martinique en février 1762. En 1763, il devient député mais reste en service pendant plusieurs années. De 1763 à 1767, il commande le . Ses trois dernier commandements sont le  entre 1770 et 1771, le  de 1771 à 1773 et également le  entre 1770 et 1772 .

Carrière politique
La famille Treby a une influence à Plympton Erle où son beau-frère George Hele Treby est député jusqu'à sa mort en 1763. Ourry est élu en tant que député de Plympton Erle lors d'une élection partielle le 25 novembre 1763 et réélu sans opposition en 1768 et 1774. Au Parlement, il soutient toutes les administrations mais ne semble pas avoir parlé à la Chambre. Il est nommé commissaire du chantier naval de Plymouth en janvier 1775 et quitte son siège .

Ourry meurt le 31 janvier 1783 . Son fils Paul Treby Ourry est également député de Plympton Erle. Sa fille Charity est mariée à Montagu Edmund Parker et sa fille Catherine à Sir William Molesworth,  baronnet .

Références

Liens externes

Officier de la Royal Navy
Décès en janvier 1783
Naissance en octobre 1719
Décès à 63 ans

Paul Henry Ourry


O Dia Mundial do Atum, é celebrado anualmente no dia 2 de Maio e foi implementado pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas em 2016. Pretende sensibilizar a comunidade internacional para a importância de conservar e proteger esta espécie, importante para várias economias nacionais e para a alimentação humana.

História
Celebrado anualmente no dia 2 de Maio, foi implementado pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas, no dia 7 de Dezembro de 2016, com a assinatura da Resolução 71/124, pelos países que assinaram o Acordo de Nauru. Este acordo, foi assinado com a intenção de promover cooperação entre os Estados na gestão da pesca.

Objectivos
O atum é um peixe importante para a alimentação humana, uma vez que é rico em omega-3, proteínas, minerais e vitamina B12. Isto fez com que fosse vitima do seu sucesso nutricional, pois a procura levou a que fosse pescado acima da sustentabilidade da espécie, colocando-a em risco.

Assim, esta data pretende sensibilizar a comunidade internacional para a importância de conservar e proteger o atum, não só por causa do seu valor nutricional mas também porque vários países dependem economicamente dele.

Ver também

 Dia Mundial dos Oceanos

Referências

Ligações Externas
 ONU | Resolução 71/124: Dia Mundial do Atum
 ONU | Site Oficial | Dia Mundial do Atum
Associação Portuguesa de Nutrição | Guia "Atum à Lupa"

Dias internacionais da Organização das Nações Unidas
Organização das Nações Unidas

Dia Mundial do Atum


Seul (, Seoul; başkent) veya resmî adıyla Özel Seul Şehri (, hanja: 서울特別市, Gözden Geçirilmiş Latinceleştirme: Seoul Teukbyeolsi), Güney Kore'nin başkenti ve en büyük şehridir. Dünyanın en kalabalık 13. şehri Seul'un şehir merkezinin nüfusu 10 milyonun üstündedir (2009). Dünyanın ikinci büyük metropolitan alanı olan Seul Ulusal Başkent Bölgesi, İncheon ve Gyeonggi'nin büyük bir kısmını kapsar ve 24,5 milyon nüfusu vardır. Güney Kore'nin nüfusunun yaklaşık yarısı bu bölgede yaşar.

Ülkenin kuzeybatısında, Han Nehri kıyısında, ırmağın ağzından 60 km içeride yer alır. Bir nehir limanı olarak taşıdığı önem nedeniyle 1394'te Kore'nin başkenti olmuş, kısa bir dönemin dışında (1399-1405) dışında bu konumunu 1948'e değin korumuştur. Ülkenin Kuzey ve Güney Kore olarak ikiye ayrılmasından (1948) sonra da Güney Kore'nin başkenti olan Seul, Kore dilinde başkent anlamına gelir. Resmi adının Yi hanedanı döneminde (1392-1910) Hansang, Japon yönetimi (1910-45) sırasında da Kyangsang olmasına karşın, her iki dönemde de halk arasında Seul adıyla anılmıştır. 1948'de Kore Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulmasından sonra resmen Seul adını almıştır. Seul metropolitan alanının yüzölçümü 605 km²'dir. Bu alanda UNESCO Dünya Mirasları'ndan üçü bulunmaktadır: Changdeokgung, Jongmyo Shrine ve Joseon Hanedanlığı'nın kraliyet mezarları.

Seul şehri 1988 yılında yaz olimpiyatlarını ve 2002 yılında da FIFA Dünya Kupası'nı ağırlamıştır. Dünya'daki ekonomik ve finansal merkezlerde ilk onun içerisinde yer alır ve Samsung, LG Grup, Hyundai ve Kia gibi önemli holdinglere ev sahipliği yapar.

Tarihçe
Adı kayıtlara ilk kez MÖ 1. yüzyılda geçen kent Üç Krallık döneminde (MÖ 57-MS 668) Koguryo, Baekje ve Silla krallıkları arasında sınır oluşturdu. 1394'te ülkeyi tek bir yönetim altında birleştirip Yi hanedanını kuran Yi Sang-gye tarafından başkent yapıldı. İki yıl sonra kentin çevresinde surlar inşa edildi. Daha sonraki yıllarda da kentte Kyangbok, Taksu ve Çangdak sarayları yaptırıldı. 1910'da Korenin Japonya'nın koruması altına girmesinden sonra adı Kyangsang olarak değiştirildi ve sınırlarında bazı değişiklikler yapıldı. Bu dönemde kentte geniş caddeler açıldı ve Batı tipi binalar inşa edildi. 1945'te Japon işgali sona erince doğrudan merkezi hükümete bağlanan kent, 1962'den sonra da başbakanlığa bağlandı. Kore Savaşı (1950-53) sırasında büyük hasar gören kent, savaştan sonra hızla büyüdü ve çevresinde Seongnam(Sangnam), Suwon(Suvan) ve Incheon(İnçan) gibi uydu kentler kuruldu.

Coğrafya

Seul, ülkenin kuzeybatısında yer almaktadır. Seul'un yüzölçümü 605,21 km² olup yaklaşık 15 km yarıçapa sahiptir ve Han Nehri ile iki bölgeye ayrılır. Bu nehir geçmişte mal taşıma ve gemicilik için kullanılmıştır ve nehrin bulunduğu bölge tarihte çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Han Nehri'nin ağzı Kuzey ve Güney Kore sınırında bulunduğundan günümüzde taşımacılık için kullanılamamaktadır.

Seul'un orta kesimi çevresi alçak tepelerle çevrili bir düzlükte yer alır. Kent merkezi bu düzlüğün aşağı kesimindedir.

İklim
Seul, Ilıman subtropikal iklim ile Nemli kıtasal iklim arasında bir iklime sahiptir. Yaz ve kış ayları arasındaki sıcaklık farkları çok yüksektir. Yazlar genelde sıcak ve nemli geçer ve haziran temmuz aylarında doğu asya musonları etkilidir. En sıcak ay olan Ağustos'ta ortalama sıcaklık 22 ile 29 °C arasında değişir. Kışlar genelde soğuktur ve yaza göre daha az nemlidir. Ortalama sıcaklık -6 ile 2 °C civarındadır ve yıllık yaklaşık 28 gün kar yağışı vardır. Yıllık ortalama yağış miktarı 1,370 mm'dir; en fazla yağış yaz aylarında düşer.

İdari bölümler
Seul idari olarak gu adı verilen 25 semte (구, 區) ayrılmaktadır. Semtlerin yüzölçümü 10 ile 47 km² arasında, nüfusu ise 140,000 ile 630,000 arasında değişir. Songpa en kalabalık semt olup Seocho ise yüzölçümü en büyük semttir. Her semt, dong (동, 洞) adı verilen mahallelere ayrılmaktadır. Seul tam 522 dongtan oluşmaktadır. Donglar 13.787 adet tong (통, 統) ve tonglar da 102,796 ban adı verilen küçük birimlere ayrılmıştır.

Demografi
New York'tan sekiz, Roma'dan beş kat daha yoğun nüfusu ile Seul OECD ülkeleri arasında en yoğun nüfusa sahip şehirdir. Seul nüfusunun çoğunu Koreliler oluşturur, aynı zamanda Japon ve Çinli azınlık gruplar da vardır. 2009 sayımına göre kentin nüfusu 10,464,051'dur.

Ekonomi

Seul Güney Kore'nin en önemli holdinglerine ev sahipliği yapması nedeniyle Kore ekonomisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Tüm Güney Kore'nin sadece %6'lık bir alanını kapsamasına rağmen ülkenin GSYİH'ının %21'ini üretmektedir.

Finans
Uluslarlarası birçok şirketin Kore'deki genel merkezleri Seul'da bulunmaktadır. Bunların arasında Citigroup, Deutsche Bank ve HSBC gibi birçok banka da yer almaktadır.

Alışveriş
Dongdaemun : Güney Kore'nin en büyük pazarı olan Dongdaemun Seul'de bulunur. Ülkenin karakteristik ürünlerinin de yer aldığı bu pazar turistler tarafından çok rağbet görür.

Myeongdong : Jung semtinin içinde yer alan bu bölgede yerli ve yabancı birçok markanın mağazaları bulunur.

Namdaemun : Myeongdong yakınlarında bulunan diğer bir pazar bölgesi.

Insadong : Kore'nin tarihi ve modern sanat eserlerinin sergilenip satıldığı merkez.

Yongsan Elektronik Pazarı : Asya'nın en büyük teknoloji pazarıdır.

Mimari

Günümüzde sarayların, devlet dairelerinin, şirketlerin genel merkezlerinin, otellerin ve pazarların bulunduğu Seul'un merkezi tarihte Joseon Hanedanlığı'na ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Tarihte en önemli cadde olan Jongno, çan caddesi anlamına gelir ve burada Bosingak denen ve içinde büyük bir çan bulunan yapı bulunur. Bu çan geçmişte saati belirtmek için günün belli saatlerinde kullanılırken günümüzde sadece yılbaşında saat on ikiyi vurduğu an 33 kez çalınıyor.

Kent merkezinde birbirlerini dik açıyla kesen düzgün caddeler, çevredeki tepelerde ise düzensiz toprak yollar yer alır. Hükûmet Binası'nın ve öteki resmi binaların Secongno boyunca sıralanmış olmasına karşın Ulusal Meclis Binası nehrin üzerindeki Yoido Adasındadır. İş merkezleri Çong-no (종로구), Myang-dong (명동) ve Ulci-ro (을지로) semtlerindedir. Kiremit damlı ahşap evler, günümüzde yerini yüksek modern binalara bırakmıştır. 1950'lerden bu yana nüfusu hızla artan Seul, dünyanın nüfus yoğunluğu en yüksek kentlerinden biridir.

Tarihi mimari

Seul tarihi ve kültürel birçok eseri içinde barındıran bir şehirdir. Buradaki birçok tarihi yapı Uzak Doğu'nun genelinde olduğu gibi ahşaptan yapılmadır. Fakat diğer ülkelerden farklı olarak Kore'deki ahşap yapılar çivi kullanılarak birbirine eklenmez. İç içe geçecek şekilde oyulan tahtalar bir lego gibi birbirinin üstüne yerleştirerek inşa edilir.

1925 yılında oluşan bir sel sonrasında şans eseri bulunan Amsa-Dong adlı antik kent, neolitik dönemden izler taşımaktadır ve bu antik kent Gangdong semtinde bulunur.
Joseon Hanedanlığı zamanında Seul'de 5 adet büyük saray inşa edilmiştir: Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, Deoksugung, Gyeongbokgung ve Gyeonghuigung. Bu sarayların hepsi günümüzde Jongno ve Jung semtlerinde bulunur. Aralarından Changdeokgung 1997 tarihinde UNESCO Dünya Mirasları listesine "Uzak Doğu saray mimarisinde göze çarpan bir örnek" olarak girdi. En büyükleri olan Gyeongbokgung sarayı şu anda tadilat halindedir. Bu sarayların yanı sıra İmparator Gojong'un babasının (Daewongun) oturduğu Unhyeongung kraliyet sarayı da oldukça bilinen bir yapıdır.

Seul şehri tarihte düşmanlardan korunmak için yapılan surlar ve kapılar ile çevriliydi. Zamanla yanan ya da çöken bu yapılardan günümüze dek dayananlarından en önemlileri Dongdaemun (Doğu Kapısı) ve Namdaemun (Güney kapısı)'dur. Namdaemun, Güney Kore'nin UNESCO Dünya Mirasları listesinde yer yapılarından bir diğeridir. 2008 yılının Ocak ayında 69 yaşındaki Chae Jong-gi'nin tiner ile ateşe vermesi sonucu tamamen yanan yapı şu anda inşa halindedir.

Modern mimari
Şehrin nüfus yoğunluğundan ötürü günümüzde Seul'un silüetini süsleyen birçok gökdelen bulunur. Bunlardan bazıları Korea Finance Building, N Seul Kulesi, Dünya Ticaret Merkezi, Seoul Star Tower, Jongno Kulesi ve yedi adet gökdelenden oluşan Tower Palace'dır. Bunların yanı sıra yeni gökdelen projeleri yapılmaktadır. Sangnam Dijital Medya semtinde yapılacak 640 metre uzunluğundaki iş merkezi ve 523 metre uzunluğundaki Lotte World 2 Tower bunlardan bazılarıdır.

Kültür

Müzeler
Seul'da dokuzu belediyeye ait olmak üzere 100 adet müze bulunmaktadır. Millî Kore Müzesi bunların içinde en karakteristik olanıdır. Açılış yılından (1945) bu yana yaklaşık 150.000 eser burada toplanmıştır. Gyeongbokgung sarayının yakınlarında bulunan Millî Halk Müzesi içinde bulunan eserlerle Kore halkının tarihini güzel bir şekilde yansıtır. Bukchon Hanok ve Namsangol Hanok gibi köylerde geleneksel Kore evlerinden (hanok) örnekler bulmak mümkündür. Belediye müzelerinden biri olan Savaş Müzesi, ziyaretçilere Kore savaşları ile ilgili birçok bilgi sunmaktadır.

Din

Seul'de önemli yere sahip birçok tapınak ve dini yer mevcuttur. Joseon Hanedanlığı'nın Konfüçyüsçülük felsefesini ulusal düşünce tarzı olarak benimsemesinden sonra burada birçok Konfüçyüs tapınağı inşa edilmiştir. Joseon Hanedanlığı kraliyet ailesinin soyundan gelenler günümüzde de bu tapınaklarda çeşitli merasimler düzenlerler. Jongmyo, Munmyo ve Dongmyo bu tapınaklardan bazılarıdır.

Budizm Joseon Hanedanlığı tarafından bastırılmaya çalışılmasına rağmen varlığını sürdürmeyi başarmıştır. Bu nedenle Seul'de Buda tapınakları da bulmak mümkündür (Jogyesa, Hwagyesa, Bongeunsa).

Myeongdong Katedrali bu semtin sembolü olmakla beraber Kore'de inşa edilen ilk Katolik kilisesidir. Seul'de birçok Protestan kilisesi de bulunur.

Yongsan semtinde bulunan Seul Merkezi Camii, Kore Savaşından sonra inşa edilen ilk ve tek camidir.

Parklar
İçinde N Seoul Tower'ın bulunduğu "Namsan Parkı" kentin güzel görüntüsünü seyrederek yürüyüş yapma imkânı sunar. "Seul Olimpik Parkı" 1988 Yaz Olimpiyatları için yapılmıştır ve Songpa bölgesinde yer alır. Şehrin içinden geçen nehirlerin kenarlarındaki yeşillik alanlar da parklar gibi eğlence ve dinlenme amaçlı kullanılır. Bunlardan Cheonggyecheon hem Koreliler hem turistler tarafından en çok bilinenidir.

Ulaşım
Seul ulaşım sisteminin temelleri Kore İmparatorluğu zamanına kadar dayanır; şehrin ilk tramvay hatları ve Seul'u Incheon'a bağlayan tren hattı bu dönemde yapılmıştır. Seul metrosu, dünyanın ağ olarak en geniş, istasyon sayısı olarak ikinci ulaşım sistemidir.

Kardeş şehirler
Seul 23 kardeş şehir'e sahiptir:

  Taipei, Çin Cumhuriyeti  (1968)
  Ankara, Türkiye (1971)
  Honolulu, ABD (1976)
  San Francisco, ABD (1976)
  São Paulo, Brezilya (1977)
  Bogota, Kolombiya (1982)
  Cakarta, Endonezya (1984)
  Tokyo, Japonya (1988)
  Moskova, Rusya (1991)
  New South Wales, Avustralya (1991)
  Paris, Fransa (1991)
  Meksiko, Meksika (1992)
  Pekin, Çin (1993)
  Ulan Batur, Moğolistan (1995)
  Hanoi, Vietnam (1996)
  Varşova, Polonya (1996)
  Kahire, Mısır (1997)
  Roma, İtalya (2000)
  Astana, Kazakistan (2004)
  Atina, Yunanistan (2006)
  Bangkok, Tayland (2006)
  Washington, ABD (2006)
  Taşkent, Özbekistan (2010)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Seul


A video game producer is the top person in charge of overseeing  development of a video game.

History
The earliest documented use of the term producer in games was by Trip Hawkins, who established the position when he founded Electronic Arts in 1982. Hawkins said in 1983:

Sierra On-Line's 1982 computer game Time Zone may be the first to list credits for "Producer" and "Executive Producer". As of late 1983 Electronic Arts had five producers: A product marketer and two others from Hawkins' former employer Apple ("good at working with engineering people"), one former IBM salesman and executive recruiter, and one product marketer from Automated Simulations; it popularized the use of the title in the industry. Hawkins' vision—influenced by his relationship with Jerry Moss—was that producers would manage artists and repertoire in the same way as in the music business, and Hawkins brought in record producers from A&M Records to help train those first producers. Activision made Brad Fregger their first producer in April 1983.

Although the term is an industry standard today, it was dismissed as "imitation Hollywood" by many game executives and press members at the time.  Over its entire history, the role of the video game producer has been defined in a wide range of ways by different companies and different teams, and there are a variety of positions within the industry referred to as producer.

There are relatively few superstars of game production that parallel those in film, in part because top producers are usually employed by publishers who choose to play down publicizing their contributions.  Unlike many of their counterparts in film or music, these producers do not run their own independent companies.

Types of producers
Most video and computer games are developed by third-party developers. In these cases, there may be external and internal producers. External producers may act as "executive producers" and are employed by the game's publisher.  Internal producers work for the developer itself and have more of a hands-on role. Some game developers may have no internal producers, however, and may rely solely on the publisher's producer.

For an internal producer, associate producers tend to specialize in an area of expertise depending on the team they are producing for and what skills they have a background in. These specializations include but are not limited to: programming, design, art, sound, and quality assurance. A normal producer is usually the project manager and is in charge of delivering the product to the publisher on time and on budget.  An executive producer will be managing all of the products in the company and making sure that the games are on track to meet their goals and stay within the company's goals and direction.

For an external producer, their job responsibilities may focus mainly on overseeing several projects being worked on by a number of developers.  While keeping updated on the progress of the games being developed externally, they inform the upper management of the publisher of the status of the pending projects and any problems they may be experiencing.  If a publisher's producer is overseeing a game being developed internally, their role is more akin to that of an internal producer and will generally only work on one game or a few small games.

As games have grown larger and more expensive, line producers have become part of some teams.  Based on filmmaking traditions, line producers focus on project scheduling and costing to ensure titles are completed on time and on budget.

Responsibilities
An internal producer is heavily involved in the development of, usually, a single game.  Responsibilities for this position vary from company to company, but in general, the person in this position has the following duties:
 Negotiating contracts, including licensing deals
 Acting as a liaison between the development staff and the upper stakeholders (publisher or executive staff)
 Developing and maintaining schedules and budgets
 Overseeing creative (art and design) and technical development (game programming) of the game
 Ensuring timely delivery of deliverables (such as milestones)
 Scheduling timely quality assurance (testing)
 Arranging for beta testing and focus groups, if applicable
 Arranging for localization
 Pitching game ideas to publishers

In short, the internal producer is ultimately responsible for timely delivery and final quality of the game.

For small games, the producer may interact directly with the programming and creative staff. For larger games, the producer will seek the assistance of the lead programmer, art lead, game designer and testing lead. While it is customary for the producer to meet with the entire development staff from time to time, for larger games, they will only meet with the leads on a regular basis to keep updated on the development status. In smaller studios, a producer may fill any slack in the production team by doing the odd job of writing the game manual or producing game assets.

For most games, the producer does not have a large role but does have some influence on the development of the video game design. While not a game designer, the producer has to weave the wishes of the publisher or upper management into the design. They usually seek the assistance of the game designer in this effort. So the final game design is a result the effort of the designer and some influence of the producer.

Compensation
In general, video game producers earn the third most out of game development positions, behind business (management) and programmers.
According to an annual survey of salaries in the industry, producers earn an average of USD$75,000 annually.  A video game producer with less than 3 years of experience makes, on average, around $55,000 annually. A video game producer with more than 6 years of experience makes, on average, over $125,000 annually. The salaries of a video game producer will vary depending on the region and the studio.

Education

Most video game producers complete a bachelor's degree program in game design, computer science, digital media or business. Popular computer programming languages for video game development include C, C++, Assembly, C# and Java. Some common courses are communications, mathematics, accounting, art, digital modeling and animation.

Employers typically require three plus years of experience, since a producer has to have gone through the development cycle several times to really understand how unpredictable the business is. The most common path to becoming a video game producer begins by first working as a game tester, then moving up the quality assurance ladder, and then eventually on to production. This is easier to accomplish if one stays with the same studio, reaping the benefits of having built relationships with the production department.

See also
 List of video game producers

References

External links
 Producer at Eurocom
 Justyn McLean - Game Boy at Mirror

 Video game producer
Video game development
Entertainment occupations

Video game producer


Ensembles

Ensemble Herbergenviertel
Das sozialgeschichtlich bedeutende Herbergenviertel entlang von Eggerstraße und Dingolfinger Straße liegt außerhalb des alten Marktortes und seiner ehemaligen Befestigung in der Niederung der Vils, in einem Bereich, wo ein alter namengebender Edelsitz der Eckher noch im 18. Jahrhundert existiert hatte. Hier wohnten vornehmlich Tagelöhner aber auch Handwerker, die in der Landwirtschaft wie im Marktort ihre Arbeit gefunden haben. Die unregelmäßig gruppierten Wohngebäude drängen sich im Westen dicht aneinander, nach Osten zu stehen sie aufgelockert. Die meist zweigeschossigen Häuser mit Flachsatteldächern dürften hauptsächlich von Ende 18. Jahrhundert / Anfang 19. Jahrhundert stammen. Vielfach lassen sie noch ihre Blockbauweise erkennen und dokumentieren so den für den Ort ursprünglichen Holzbau. Als typische Herbergen handelt es sich um Doppelhäuser. Bei den überwiegend horizontal besitzgeteilten Gebäuden bildet eine Außentreppe mit dem Schrot den Zugang zur oberen Wohneinheit und spiegelt somit besonders deutlich die rechtliche Situation. Dieser Siedlungstyp mit heute weitgehend verputzten Häusern, die jedoch noch viel Blockbausubstanz aufweisen, dürfte verbreitet gewesen sein, worauf auch die fast verlorenen Münchner Herbergenviertel verweisen. Er ist jedoch andernorts kaum mehr erhalten. Dadurch gehört das Herbergenviertel von Frontenhausen zu den herausragenden architektur- wie sozialgeschichtlich definierten historischen Wohnvierteln des Arbeiter- und Handwerkerstandes. Aktennummer: E-2-79-115-1

Ensemble Marienplatz

Die Geschichte der im 8./9. Jahrhundert an einem Übergang über die große Vils gegründeten Siedlung ist vornehmlich mit den Bischöfen von Regensburg als den Herzögen von Bayern verknüpft. 1226 war Frontenhausen an das Hochstift Regensburg gefallen, während die Grafschaftsrechte an die Herzöge von Bayern übergingen. Aber 1386 musste der Ort vom Bischof Johann von den Regensburgern an die Wittelsbacher verkauft werden; im selben Jahr erhielt der Ort das Marktrecht. Darauf verweist der Marienplatz als Marktplatz, der mit seinem seltenen quadratischen Grundriss Denkmal dieser Rechts- und Herrschaftsgeschichte geblieben ist. Von der zwischen 1418 und 1424 errichteten Marktbefestigung mit ehemals drei Toren, das letzte erst 1903 abgebrochen, haben sich keine das Ortsbild bestimmenden Spuren erhalten. Die Dreizahl der Tore und deren Namen verweisen auf die Verkehrslage an der rechts des Flusses verlaufenden Vilstalstraße, welche die Südtangente des Platzes bildet und eine Abzweigung nach Norden in Richtung Dingolfing entsendet, die am Nordosteck den Platz verlässt. Diese Dingolfinger Straße wie ihr Gegenstück am Nordwesteck, die Kirchgasse, hat nur eine geringe Durchlassbreite, was zur Geschlossenheit des Platzes beiträgt. Der Ort war vor allem 1536 und 1779 von Bränden heimgesucht, so dass von der ursprünglichen Holzbauweise im Markt selber nichts erhalten geblieben ist. Die bestehende Bebauung reicht teilweise noch in das 18. Jahrhundert zurück und ist meist zweigeschossig, wobei die älteren Gebäude giebelseitig zum Platz stehen. An der Westseite bilden Apotheke und Rathaus von 1737 mit ihrem gemeinsamen, traufseitigen Walmdach eine geschlossene Platzfassade aus; an der Nordseite wird die mit Schweifgiebelhäusern lebhaft gestaltete Front von der Pfarrkirche überragt. Diese Bebauung fungierte zugleich als Kirchhofbegrenzung. Die leicht erhöht dahinter liegende spätgotische Pfarrkirche gehört unübersehbar zum Platzbild. Die Verbindung von weltlichem Markt und christlicher Ortsgeschichte wird zudem durch die Mariensäule von 1874 dargestellt, die gerade auf dem Marktplatz, wenn auch in neuzeitlicher Aufstellung, an das Dogma der Unbefleckten Empfängnis von 1854 erinnert. Aktennummer: E-2-79-115-2

Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Frontenhausen

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Altenkirchen

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Bertensdorf

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Eiselsdorf

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Feldmühle

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Friedersdorf

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Georgenschwimmbach

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Loitersdorf

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Ödgarten

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Oed

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Rampoldstetten

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Rieglöd

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Schaufl

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Wachlkofen

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Wettersdorf

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Witzeldorf

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Ehemalige Baudenkmäler

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Frontenhausen

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Frontenhausen
Baudenkmaler Frontenhausen

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Frontenhausen


Mogamed Ibragimov (mak. Могамед Ибрагимов, aze. Məhəmməd İbrahimov) (Mahačkala, Rusija, 22. srpnja 1974.) je naturalizirani sjevernomakedonski hrvač azerskog podrijetla. Rođen je u dagestanskoj Mahačkali te ima avarske korijene.

Bio je svjetski viceprvak u hrvanju slobodnim stilom na prvenstvu održanom 1998. godine u Teheranu. Tijekom olimpijade u Sydneyju 2000. osvojio je brončanu medalju u kategoriji do 85 kg. Bila je to prva (a zasad i jedina) sjevernomakedonska olimpijska kolajna.

Trenirao ga je Ševalje Nusujev a nastupao je za hrvački klub Jaka Bučim iz Radoviša.

Karijera

OI 2000. Sydney

Vanjske poveznice
Sportski rezultati hrvača Ibragimova

Sjevernomakedonski športaši
Azerbajdžanski majstori borilačkih vještina
Hrvači

Mogamed Ibragimov


Sergiu Pavel Dan () a fost un critic literar, istoric literar, eseist și traducător român.

Biografie
S-a născut la Blaj, în familia prozatorului Pavel Dan (1907–1937) și al soției sale, Giorgina (n. Giurgiu), bibliografă la Biblioteca Centrală Universitară din Cluj. A absolvit Facultatea de Filologie a Universității din Cluj (1957), după care a lucrat ca profesor secundar la liceele "George Coșbuc", "Emil Racoviță" și Liceul nr. 14 din Cluj. A locuit o perioadă (prin 1961) într-o casă veche, proprietate de stat, de pe strada Ernst Thälmann nr. 16. În anul 1964 a obținut, prin concurs, postul de asistent universitar la Catedra de literatură română a Facultății de Filologie din Cluj. În 1972 a obținut titlul de doctor în filologie la Universitatea din Cluj cu teza Povestirea fantastică românească, elaborată sub conducerea științifică a profesorului Iosif Pervain.

A debutat publicistic în 1964 cu un articol despre Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică în revista Tribuna. A publicat articole, eseuri și studii în revistele Steaua, Echinox, Revue Roumaine, Vatra, Gazeta literară, Viața românească, Manuscriptum, Studia Universitatis «Babeș-Bolyai», Argeș, Cotidianul, România liberă, Tribuna Ardealului etc. Volumul său de debut, Proza fantastică românească (1975), era o amplificare a tezei de doctorat și a fost distins cu Premiul "Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu" al Academiei Române. Sergiu Pavel Dan a fost preocupat de antichitatea latină în volumele Spiritul Romei (1979) – o analiză a operei lui Titus Livius, Tacitus și Plinius cel Tânăr – și Visul lui Scipio (1983), iar mai apoi a publicat un volum de eseuri pe teme literare și politice intitulat Fiul Craiului și Spânul (1998). A editat și prefațat opere de Dem. Theodorescu (În cetatea idealului), Ion Minulescu (Cetiți-le noaptea) și Pavel Dan (Jurnal și Urcan bătrânul), a colaborat la Dicționar analitic de opere literare românești (coord. Ion Pop, 4 vol., 1998–2002) și a tradus romanul Woodstock sau Cavalerul: o poveste din anul 1651 al lui Walter Scott, publicat în 1993.

Și-a dedicat aproape întreaga viață promovării operei tatălui său, organizând și participând la manifedtări dedicate scriitorului Pavel Dan la Cluj, Turda, Blaj, Triteni, Bistrița, Beclean, Salva, Năsăud și Maieru. A elaborat, împreună cu Ion Buzași și Aurel Podaru, două volume dedicate acestuia: Amintiri despre Pavel Dan (Editura Limes, Cluj-Napoca, 2003) și Pavel Dan și Blajul (Editura Clubul Saeculum, Beclean, 2007). În toamna anului 2013, cu ocazia simpozionului "Opera lui Pavel Dan în liceu", organizat de Societatea Scriitorilor din Bistrița-Năsăud, Sergiu Pavel Dan a afirmat următoarele: "De includerea sau neincluderea unui autor în programele școlare, depind nemijlocit ritmul reeditărilor, amploarea tirajelor și, la urma urmelor, validarea acceptării sale ca una din valorile literare certe. Faptul e ilustrat edificator de saltul uriaș al audienței înregistrate de proza lui Ion Agârbiceanu (rămasă decenii în șir într-un anume con de umbră) odată cu preluarea sa de către manualele școlare. Or, Pavel Dan continuă să împărtășească, din păcate, soarta altor prozatori importanți ai epocii dintre cele două războaie. Ca și în cazul lui Gib Mihăescu, Cezar Petrescu sau Ionel Teodoreanu, despre creația sa nu li se oferă elevilor - așadar cercului larg de creatori potențiali de literatură – nici măcar cunoștințele necesare unui rezumativ capitol intitulat: «Alți scriitori ai perioadei interbelice».".

A fost membru al Uniunii Scriitorilor din România, Filiala Cluj. Publicistul Aurel Podaru, care i-a fost prieten, i-a făcut următorul portret: "Sergiu Pavel Dan a fost un om de o integritate morală ireproșabilă. A fost un om și un domn în adevăratul sens al cuvântului. Un domn de modă veche, aș mai adăuga. În corespondența noastră, ca să dau un singur exemplu, el folosea pixul sau stiloul și hârtia (ca și Ion Buzași, de altfel!), niciodată suportul electronic. Un tradiționalist convins și la acest capitol. Modest și discret. Cu simțul umorului. Ironic și autoironic. Un redutabil polemist.".

Sergiu Pavel Dan a decedat la 10 octombrie 2021, la vârsta de 85 de ani.

Activitatea științifică
Sergiu Pavel Dan este cunoscut în special ca urmare a studiului Proza fantastică românească (1975), distins cu premiul "Bogdan Petriceicu Hașdeu" al Academiei Române, care este considerat prima investigație amplă asupra literaturii fantastice românești și o monografie literară de referință. Autorul evidențiază prezența masivă a unor elemente fantastice, sub diverse forme, și clasifică motivele fantastice din literatura românească si universală, acceptate ulterior de alți specialiști în domeniu care l-au invitat pe autor să participe la coeditarea unei antologii de profil precum Roumanie phantastique, apărută în 1983, la Bruxelles.

Volumele Spiritul Romei (1979) și Visul lui Scipio (1983) cercetează modelele romane de gândire a istoriei, remarcându-se printr-o capacitate deosebită de esențializare a fenomenului istorico-literar și prin urmărirea acestei idei în beletristică la autori străini ca Dostoievski sau români ca Mircea Eliade, Anton Holban, Camil Petrescu ori I. L. Caragiale. Autorul s-a orientat apoi spre eseu, publicând volumul Fiul Craiului și Spânul (1998), în care a întreprins o incursiune captivantă în istoria romanului european și românesc, urmărind prezența unor motive literare de la Walter Scott la Marin Preda, condamnând tendințele literare didacticiste precum "iluminismul" Școlii Ardelene și "conservatorismul" sămănătorist ș.a. și făcând o pledoarie pentru reconsiderarea lui Cezar Petrescu. Volumul Povestirile în ramă (2001) cercetează structurile mentale care au determinat apariția povestirilor în ramă, analizând povestirile sadoveniene, povestirile din O mie și una de nopți, povestirile lui Giovanni Boccaccio, Geoffrey Chaucer, Jan Potocki și Wilhelm Hauff etc.

Următorul volum, Fetele fantasticului. Delimitări, clasificări și analize (2005), revine la problematica analizată de Sergiu Pavel Dan în primul său volum, operând o restructurare a categoriilor anterioare de fantastic. Autorul a reluat unele argumente și ipoteze, adâncind cercetarea și redefinind literatura fantastică astfel: Literatura cu acest nume țintește (…), spre a-și justifica existența, să postuleze, să certifice realitatea supranaturalului. Și o face cu atât mai insistent cu cât miracolele pe care le înfățișează nu sunt dintre cele arhicunoscute, anteacceptate, deci aparținătoare unor consacrate credințe și ritualuri religioase, mitologice, magico-inițiatice ori folclorice, ci nebănuite, inedite, deci «eretice» în raport cu căile bătătorite ale firescului".

Opera
 Proza fantastică românească, Ed. Minerva, București, 1975;
 Spiritul Romei. O privire comparativă asupra gândirii politice și faptei unui popor (Titus Livius, Cornelius Tacitus, Plinius cel Tânăr), Ed. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1979;
 Visul lui Scipio. Istoria Romei ca poveste filosofică, Ed. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1983;
 Fiul Craiului și Spânul: eseuri, Ed. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1998;
 Povestirile în ramă: ipostaze universale și românești ale unei structuri, Ed. Paralela 45, Cluj-Napoca, 2001 (ed. a II-a, 2003);
 Fețele fantasticului. Delimitări, clasificări și analize, 2005;
 Republică și uzurpare: un eseu istorico-politic, Ed. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 2007;
 Cărările diversiunii (semnal!), Ed. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 2009 (ed. a II-a, 2020);
 Răstimpul dezlănțuirilor politice: eseuri istorice, Ed. Ecou Transilvan, Cluj-Napoca, 2012;
 Învolburări și vremuieli politice, eseuri, Ed. Școala Ardeleană, Cluj-Napoca, 2015.

Antologii
 Roumanie fantastique, introducerea editorului (Le profil de la litterature fantastique roumaine), Bruxelles, 1983 (în colaborare cu A.B. Goorden).

Traduceri
 Walter Scott, Woodstock sau Cavalerul. O poveste din anul 1651, prefața traducătorului, Cluj-Napoca, 1993.

Galerie de imagini

Note

Bibliografie
 Aurel Sasu, Dicționar biografic al literaturii române, vol. I (A–L), Ed. Paralela 45, București, 2004, p. 452.

Nașteri în 1936
Nașteri pe 27 iunie
Decese în 2021
Decese pe 10 octombrie
Critici literari români
Istorici literari români
Eseiști români
Blăjeni
Români greco-catolici

Sergiu Pavel Dan


An Malaxis pubescens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze. An Malaxis pubescens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Malaxis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Malaxis

Malaxis pubescens


Gilvam Máximo (Rubiataba, 10 de Maio de 1969) é um político brasileiro, filiado ao Republicanos, eleito para o cargo de deputado federal pelo Distrito Federal.

Biografia
Gilvam Máximo começou sua carreira política sendo nomeado pelo então governador de Goiás: Marconi Perillo (PSDB) como Secretário Extraordinário para o Entorno de Brasília, onde ficou até 2014, onde se candidatou pela primeira vez, desta vez à Deputado Federal, onde não acabou se elegendo deputado federal atingindo a votação de 58.466 (2,07%).

Após a eleição de Ibaneis Rocha (MDB) como governador do Distrito Federal]] em 2018, foi nomeado Secretário de Ciência e Tecnologia do Distrito Federal, aonde ficou até Abril de 2022, quando foi exonarado para concorrer as eleições de 2022 para Deputado Federal, onde acabou se elegendo atingindo 20.923 votos.

Referências
Nascidos em 1969
Naturais de Rubiataba
Deputados federais do Brasil pelo Distrito Federal
Membros do Republicanos (partido político)

Gilvan Maximo


ව්‍යසනයක් යනු ස්වභාවික හෝ මිනිසා විසින්  ඇති කරන හෝ හදිසියේ සිදුවන  හෝ ක්‍රමයෙන් වර්ධනය වන හෝ හානිදායක සංසිද්ධියකි.මෙයින් බලපෑමට ලක්වන ජනතාවට ජිවිත හානි හෝ අනතුරු සිදුවන අතර  පරිසරයට හා දේපල වලටද   හානි  සිදු වේ.  මෙමගින් ඇති වන හානිය සාමන්‍යයෙන් පවතින මානව, භෞතික සහ මුල්‍ය  සම්පත් මගින්  කළමනාකරණය කල නොහැකි තරම් විශාල වේ.

ව්‍යසන වර්ගීකරණය

ස්වභාවික ව්‍යසන

  ගංවතුර
  නායයෑම
  සුළිසුලං
  ගිනිගැනීම
  ගොඩනැගිලි කඩාවැටිම්
 ? වල් අලි පහරදීම්
  ? නියඟය
  වසංගත
  භූමිකම්පා
  ගිනිකඳු පිපිරිම්
  මුහුද ගොඩගැලිම්
 මහා වසංගත

මිනිසා විසින් ඇති කල ව්‍යසන

  කැරලි කෝලාහල
  විෂවායු කාන්දුවිම්
  දුම්රිය අනතුරු
  හදිසි අනතුරු
  බෝම්බ පිපිරිම්
  යුද්ධය

ව්‍යසන කළමනාකරණයේ මුලික අංග

A) ව්‍යසන අවම කිරිම              ( Disaster Mitigation)

B) ව්‍යසන සදහා පෙර සූදානම    ( Disaster Preparedness)

C) ව්‍යසන ප්‍රතිචාරය                 ( Disaster Response)

C-a ) අනතුරු හැඟවිම හා ගලවා ගැනිම   (Warning & Evacuation)
C-b) හදිසි ප්‍රතිකාර හා අත්‍යවශ්‍ය සේවා   ( Early treatment & Essentials)
 C-c) පුනරුත්ථාපනය සහ යථාකරණය     (Rehabilitation & Normalization

ව්‍යසන

ව්‍යසන


Les chasseurs de l'Atlas sont des soldats d'élite appartenant aux commando de l'armée de terre marocaine.

Histoire
Les premiers troupes de montagne ont été créées en 1958 à Oukaïmden. La première unité de niveau d'un bataillon a vu le jour le 14 octobre 1970, sous le nom de Bataillon d'instruction des Hautes Montagnes à Kasba Tadla.

Mission
 Le combat en haute montagne
 Participation active aux opérations de secours et de sauvetage en haute montagne

Articles connexes
 Liste des unités de forces spéciales
 Forces armées royales (Maroc)

Référence

Forces armées du Maroc

Bataillon de chasseur de l'Atlas


Sammy Chapman ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Sammy Chapman (Fußballspieler, 1938) (1938–2019), nordirischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
 Sammy Chapman (Fußballspieler, 1946) (* 1946), englischer Fußballspieler

Sammy Chapman


San Pablo de Trois-Châteaux o San Pablo de Tricastin (Reims, Galia,  - Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, comienzos del s. V) fue un personaje legendario, del que se dice que fue obispo de Tricastin, villa a la que daría su nombre actual. Es venerado como santo por diversas confesiones cristianas.

Vida y leyenda

Sólo sabemos que un obispo llamado Pablo firma las actas del concilio de Valença de 374, con Emiliano. Se ha supuesto, a partir de aquí, y puede ser que por el hecho que la antigua Augusta Tricastinorum pasase a llamarse Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux, que habría sido obispo de esta diócesis, aunque la lista documentada de obispos no comienza hasta el .

Leyenda

A partir de esto, y de la existencia de una tumba atribuida a Pablo en la catedral de Tricastin, se elaboró una leyenda piadosa que explicaba su vida. Pablo era originario de Reims, procedente de una familia cristiana y ya de joven mostró mucha piedad. A los 18 años se casó con una joven noble, pero ambos acordaron mantenerse castos. Una invasión de bárbaros hizo que huyesen hacia el sur, ellos junto a la madre de Pablo, llegaron a Lyon y decidieron buscar un lugar solitario para hacer vida eremítica. Bajando por el Roine en dirección a Arlés y al llegar a Saint-Rémy, se instalaron en una montaña vecina.

Retirados, Pablo trabajaba como jornalero en una campo para obtener recursos. Un día, un grupo de habitants de Tricastin, que habían tenido una revelación y que le conocían porque su vida virtuosa había comenzado a ser conocida, le dijeron que venían a buscarlo para que fuese su obispo. Pensando que no era el indicado o que se burlaban, les dijo que aceptaría el cargo cuando la vara que tenía floreciera: al instante, la vara se cubrió de flores y hojas y, admirado, Pablo aceptó el nombramiento episcopal.

Su esposa se retiró a un convento de Arlés, donde murió santamente. Pablo fue a Tricastin y ocupó la sede, siendo ordenado también prevere y obispo. Su obispado fue bueno para la ciudad y sus habitantes. Participó en el concilio de Valença en 374. Gobernó la sede durante cuarenta años y murió al comenzar al .

Veneración
Sobre su supuesta tumba se levantó una basílica funeraria, hoy catedral de Trois Châteaux. Sus restos fueron destruidos durante las guerras de los hugonotes, en 1535.

Bibliografía
 Saint Paul, évêque de Trois-Châteaux.

Santos de Francia
Santos católicos
Santos de la Comunión anglicana
Santos de la Iglesia ortodoxa
Santos del siglo V
Santos legendarios
Obispos de Francia del siglo V
Antiguos romanos del siglo IV
Antiguos romanos del siglo V
Obispos santos de Francia
Santos cristianos de la Antigua Roma
Nacidos en Reims

Pablo de Trois-Châteaux


WHA (970 AM) is a non-commercial radio station, licensed since 1922 to the University of Wisconsin and located in Madison, Wisconsin. It serves as the flagship for the Wisconsin Public Radio talk-based "Ideas Network". WHA's programming is also broadcast by two low-powered FM translators, and by WERN FM's HD3 digital subchannel.  The station airs a schedule of news and talk programs from Wisconsin Public Radio, NPR, American Public Media, Public Radio International, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the BBC.

The same call letters are used by WHA-TV in Madison, the flagship station for PBS Wisconsin.

Broadcast frequencies

WHA transmits on 970 AM from a 258-foot tower at Silver Spring Farm within the University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum. It operates at 5,000 watts during the day. Although WHA's tower is relatively short by modern broadcasting standards, its transmitter power and Wisconsin's flat land (with near-perfect ground conductivity) gives it a daytime coverage area comparable to that of a full-power FM station. It decently covers much of south-central Wisconsin during the day, providing at least secondary coverage as far south at Rockford, Illinois and as far east as the Milwaukee suburbs.

The station must significantly reduce its power at night in order to protect Class A (clear-channel) CBW in Winnipeg at neighboring 990 kHz from interference. It drops down to 265 watts half an hour after sunset, then to 97 watts until an hour after sunset, when it must transmit at 51 watts for the remainder of the night. This results in severely limited coverage even within Madison itself, and renders it all but unlistenable outside the city. During the winter, early spring, late summer, and fall, it is allowed to ramp up to 434 watts pre-sunrise before beginning full-power operation at sunrise.

To increase its nighttime availability and audio clarity, WHA's programming is relayed by two FM translators, plus the HD digital subchannel of a third FM station. Translator W300BM, operating on 107.9 FM to provide coverage to downtown and eastern Madison, including the UW-Madison campus, was officially part of the license of Milwaukee Ideas Network station WHAD until 2009, when it was transferred to the WHA license. In early 2013, FM sister station WERN, flagship of WPR's News and Classical Network, added a WHA simulcast on its third HD subcarrier. At that time, translator W213CE, transmitting on 90.5 FM, and also licensed to Madison, was transferred to the license of WERN and began repeating WHA by way of WERN's HD3 signal. That translator had previously been part of the license of WHHI in Highland in Iowa County, and provides coverage to the western Madison region. WHAD's main signal covers portions of eastern Madison; WHAD is licensed to Delafield, a western suburb of Milwaukee, and its transmitter is located almost equidistant between Milwaukee and Madison.

W300BM's transmitter was moved to the WISC-TV/WMSN-TV/WHA-TV candelabra tower on Madison's west side in the fall 2018. While the translator's power was reduced from 250 to 170 watts, its higher antenna position on the tower allows it to cover all of Dane County. It can be heard as far as Baraboo and Portage with a good radio. This had the effect of reducing the number of radio preset assignment slots used in an average day commuting around Madison, especially for those without an HD Radio in their office, home and vehicle; according to WPR officials, it was now possible for an Ideas Network listener to "tune your radio to 107.9 and leave it." The W215AQ translator remains active from the same tower. The translators allow WHA to be heard clearly in some form across much of Madison's inner ring 24 hours a day. WHA is also relayed in the Janesville-Beloit area via translator W262DD on 100.3 FM.

History

Randall Davidson, while researching the history of WHA for his 2007 book, 9XM Talking, found that "a breathtaking amount of material has been preserved from the station's early decades."  However, "the research notes and personal papers of WHA founder Earle M. Terry are not available."  They were disposed of by his widow after his death.

Pre-World War I (9XM)
WHA was first licensed as a broadcasting station on January 13, 1922, to the Department of Physics at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. However, prior to this the university had extensive experience in radio experimentation and broadcasting, with the initial transmissions using Morse code, followed by pioneering audio broadcasts.

Radio (then known as wireless telegraphy) experimentation began at the university in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1914, Electrical Engineering department professor Edward Bennett constructed a spark gap transmitter, which was only capable of transmitting the dots-and-dashes of Morse code. The following year this equipment was transferred to physics professor Earle M. Terry, and Terry worked with a group of physics and engineering students to construct additional radio apparatus in the basement of Science Hall, including stringing an antenna between that building and the Mining and Metallurgy Laboratory.

In June 1915 the U.S. Department of Commerce, which regulated radio at the time, issued the university an experimental radio station license, with the call sign 9XM. 9XM was initially used for point-to-point communication with other stations. Additional activities included sending game reports for a Wisconsin-Ohio State basketball game on February 17, 1917, and, beginning the following April, a telegraphic news exchange with other universities.

Starting in 1914 radio stations located at the University of North Dakota, Nebraska Wesleyan University, and the University of Nebraska established radiotelegraphic broadcasts of weather forecasts on a regular schedule, as a service for local farmers. Beginning in 1915, Eric R. Miller, a former student of Professor Terry's who was the meteorologist in charge of the U.S Weather Bureau's Madison office, worked with Terry to make arrangements for 9XM to provide a similar service for the state of Wisconsin. On December 1, 1916, it was announced that 9XM would begin to transmit daily (except Sundays) weather forecasts, using Morse code. These transmissions were made at 11:00 a.m. Central Time on a wavelength of 1,700 meters (176 kHz), and were scheduled to immediately follow the time signals transmitted from 10:55 to 11:00 a.m. by NAA, the U.S. Navy station in Arlington, Virginia.

The use of Morse code somewhat limited the usability of these broadcasts, as it required farmers to learn how to translate the telegraphic dots-and-dashes. Vacuum tube transmitters, capable of audio transmissions, had recently been developed, and in early 1917 Terry began making test transmissions using the new technology. For one of these tests he hosted a gathering at his home to listen to a transmission of phonograph records, although at the time the guests were generally unimpressed with hearing music that could just as easily be played on a nearby record player. But because vacuum tube technology was still in the experimental stage, 9XM did not introduce regular audio broadcasts at this time.

World War I (wartime authorization)

With the entrance of the United States into World War I in April 1917, the U.S. government assumed control of the entire radio industry, and it became illegal for civilians to possess a working radio receiver. At the same time all civilian radio transmitters, including 9XM, were shut down, ending the radiotelegraphic weather reports for the duration of the war.

Although 9XM had been silenced, in May, at the recommendation of A. Hoyt Taylor, district communication superintendent at the Great Lakes Naval Station in Illinois, the university was permitted to reactivate radio operations, now under the supervision of the U.S. Navy. (During the war, the Navy issued new call signs to the stations under its control, but there is no information about what call signs were used by the university transmitters during this period.) Station facilities were relocated from Science Hall to Sterling Hall, where the studios remained until 1934.

The research that took place during the war was done in secret. After the war, it was revealed that university staff had tested radio communication with submarines, in addition to working with the Army Signal Corps to develop radiotelephones for aviation use. The university also provided radio technology training classes for Signal Corps recruits. Additionally, weather information was transmitted to ships operating on the Great Lakes.

Professor Terry continued work on developing vacuum-tube transmitters, and in March 1919 announced that audio transmissions had been successfully made from Madison to the Great Lakes station, using "a vacuum power tube which is said to be better than any commercial bulb".

Post World War I (9XM and WHA)

After World War I, the U.S. government relinquished its control of radio, and in October 1919 lifted the ban on civilian radio stations. In the fall of 1919, the university was authorized to operate a "War Department Training and Rehabilitation School" station with the call sign "WX3", and on February 11, 1920, received an Experimental station license that revived the 9XM call sign.

Work soon began to re-establish the daily weather forecast broadcasts. In January 1920, reports from both the Weather Bureau's Eric R. Miller and the university's physics department stated that the transmissions would soon restart, this time by radiotelephone. However, when the service was reintroduced in February, the forecasts were still being sent only in Morse code. During the university's summer break the weather forecast broadcasts were temporarily suspended, then restarted in September.

A key problem delaying the upgrade to audio transmissions was a lack of vacuum tubes. They were produced by the physics department, in a process that required glass-blowing skills. Finally, on January 3, 1921, the radiotelephone equipment was ready, and for the first time spoken word weather broadcasts were made. (Because telegraphic sounds can be heard for greater distances than spoken word, until 1923 the audio broadcasts were then repeated in Morse code.) Weekly Friday night musical concerts were introduced later that same month.

Initially there were no formal standards for stations providing a broadcast service, so there was no problem with 9XM broadcasting under an Experimental license. However, effective December 1, 1921, the Department of Commerce adopted regulations defining a broadcast service. The new regulations specified two transmitting wavelengths — 360 meters (833 kHz) for "entertainment", and 485 meters (619 kHz) for "market and weather reports" — and also required stations making broadcasts intended for the general public to hold a "Limited Commercial" license. Professor Terry filed an application for the new license, and on January 13, 1922, the university was issued its first broadcasting station authorization, with the randomly assigned call letters of WHA. In addition to the two broadcasting wavelengths, the station was authorized to use 410 meters (731 kHz) "for intercommunication between college stations".

For a few more years the university continued to renew the 9XM experimental license, which was used for conducting investigative work, until late 1926, when the license was permanently deleted. Wisconsin Public Radio commemorates 9XM in its fund-raising efforts, recognizing network donors who give more than $1,200 annually as members of the "9XM Leadership Circle".

As it struggled to establish itself, issues with funding, available staff, and technical problems limited WHA's schedule. The station suspended operations during the university's 1922 summer break, then, because of technical difficulties, was unable to restart regular broadcasting until January 8, 1923. After again suspending operations for the 1924 summer break, the station was formally deleted by the government on September 8, although it was relicensed, again with the call letters WHA, on October 14.

Although the Great Depression caused many college radio stations to go silent because of financial pressures, in 1930 the state of Wisconsin began providing both WHA and WLBL in Stevens Point with funding to further their educational offerings. In the fall of 1931, the Wisconsin School of the Air provided 10 weekly programs designed to supplement grade school curricula. Other programs addressed government, agricultural, and homemaker audiences.

In 1927, the Federal Radio Commission was created to regulate U.S. radio stations, and the new agency implemented a series of frequency reassignments. Effective April 26, 1929, WHA was assigned to transmit on 940 kHz, but was required to sign off at sundown.

In the summer of 1932, WHA relocated its transmitter a couple of miles (3 kilometers) south to its current site at Silver Spring Farm. This site had been used by the Wisconsin State Journal station, WISJ, but was no longer needed after that station merged operations with The Capital Times station, WIBA.

In 1934, WHA studios were relocated from Sterling Hall to Radio Hall, an 1880s vintage heating plant building. In 1972 the studios moved again, to Vilas Communication Hall.

In 1936, WHA installed a custom-built transmitter. In 1951, the station retired this transmitter and purchased a 5,000-watt Westinghouse transmitter. The custom-built transmitter had operated for over 52,000 hours.

On March 29, 1941, as part of the implementation of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement, WHA, along with the other stations on 940, moved to its current dial position of 970 kHz. However, it was still required to sign off at sundown. The lack of nighttime hours limited WHA's potential programming even after the creation of what is now Wisconsin Public Radio in 1948. With this in mind, when the state began building the network of FM stations that evolved into WPR, it opted to have Milwaukee-area station WHAD licensed to Delafield, halfway between Milwaukee and Madison, in order to provide nighttime service to part of Madison when WHA was required to sign off. WHA made several unsuccessful attempts over the years to be assigned to a clear-channel frequency, or at least to a better dial location that would have enabled it to remain on the air at night.

The Canadian series for children, The Friendly Giant, was created in 1953 on WHA. The show, starring Bob Homme, later moved to local sister station WHA-TV before making its way to Canadian television on the CBC Television network. The long-running dramatic radio series Earplay was created by WHA in the fall of 1971.

In December 1987, after almost 60 years of efforts to remain on the air after sundown, WHA was authorized to commence nighttime operations. However, it had to reduce its power to 51 watts at sundown. This effectively limits its coverage area to Madison itself and its closest-in suburbs in Dane County, and even in that area the station is barely listenable. The problem was first alleviated with low-power translators, then with HD Radio subcarriers after the turn of the millennium. In addition, a number of WHA's sister stations provide some coverage of the Madison area at night.

Pioneer broadcasting station status

Although WHA's license only dates from January 13, 1922, its broadcast history is commonly combined with the earlier audio broadcasts made by experimental station 9XM. A plaque installed in 1958 on the university's Madison campus credits "9XM-WHA" as "The Oldest Station in the Nation", stating that it began "broadcasting on a regular schedule in 1919". However, the 1919 starting date has been challenged. In 1960, a review carried in the Journal of Broadcasting, "Oldest Station in the Nation?", concluded that there is no evidence for regular audio broadcasts by 9XM prior to its inauguration of spoken word weather forecasts on January 3, 1921. A second article appearing in 1977 in the same journal, "Broadcasting's Oldest Stations: An Examination of Four Claimants" by Joseph E. Baudino and John M. Kittross came to the same conclusion, as did Randall Davidson's 2007 detailed station history, 9XM Talking. Moreover, on at least two occasions WHA's original station manager, Earle M. Terry, credited KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which began broadcasting as 8ZZ on November 2, 1920, as being the oldest surviving station. Other stations that make claims for being older than both 9XM/WHA and 8ZZ/KDKA include KCBS in San Francisco, California, which traces its history to a number of predecessor stations operated by Charles Herrold dating back to 1912; 8MK/WWJ in Detroit, Michigan, which began regular broadcasts in August 1920; WOC in Davenport, Iowa, which traces its origin to station 9BY, which began regular broadcasts around September 1920; and 9ZAF/KLZ in Denver, Colorado, with regular programs beginning in October 1920.

The University of Minnesota's WLB (now KUOM) received its first broadcasting license on the same day as WHA, January 13, 1922. Although at this time there was no differentiation between commercial and non-commercial stations, these were the first two broadcasting licenses issued to educational institutions. The licenses were not time-stamped, however WLB's serial number, Limited Commercial license #275, was one less than WHA's #276. Comparing audio broadcasts conducted by the two universities' experimental license predecessors, 9XM's January 3, 1921 inauguration of weather forecasts preceded, by a few months, the market broadcasts made by the University of Minnesota's 9XI, which began in the spring of 1921.

References

External links
 WHA (AM) Homepage

 A Chronology of AM Radio Broadcasting 1900–1960 Jeff Miller (editor)
 9XM Talking: The Early History of WHA Radio Portal Wisconsin.org Randall Davidson

 Beth E. Burrows papers at the University of Maryland libraries. Burrows is an experienced radio writer and producer, who worked at WHA-Radio from 1966 to 1977.

HA
Wisconsin Public Radio
Radio stations established in 1920
NPR member stations

WHA (AM)


Le HMS Nordkaparen était le cinquième bateau de la  de sous-marins de la marine royale suédoise.

Construction et carrière
Le navire a été commandé à Kockums Mekaniska Verkstads AB à Malmö et sa quille a été posée en 1959. Le navire a été lancé le  et mis en service le . Dans le cadre du voyage d'essai, le navire a reçu sa devise, qui se lit comme suit : «  » (« Il faut bien que les poissons nagent »).

Le , le Nordkaparen a failli entrer en collision avec un sous-marin étranger entre Utö et Huvudskär. Lors d'un test de vitesse, le Nordkaparen opérait avec l'un des hélicoptères de la marine pour la lutte anti-sous-marine. Celui-ci avait son hydrophone immergé dans l'eau. Juste au moment où le sous-marin était sur le point de commencer les essais, le Nordkaparen a été appelé par l'hélicoptère, qui se demandait s'il y avait deux sous-marins qui effectueraient des tests de vitesse. Le sous-marin a répondu qu'il était seul et a remonté à la surface pour des raisons de sécurité. Alors que le Nordkaparen crevait la surface de l'eau, un sous-marin est passé sous la quille du sous-marin suédois avec une marge de quelques décimètres. L'incident a été suivi d'une chasse sous-marine de deux semaines.

Le HMS Nordkaparen a été retiré du service en 1983 et de la liste des navires le . Le navire a été rénové et il est devenu un navire musée, exposé depuis 1993 à Maritiman, à Göteborg.

Galerie

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Liens externes
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Articles connexes
 Liste des sous-marins de la Suède

Sous-marin de la Marine royale suédoise
Sous-marin d'attaque conventionnel
Bateau lancé en 1961
Nom de bateau
Navire construit en Suède
Navire musée en Suède

HMS Nordkaparen (1961)


Otočac, grad u Ličko-senjskoj županiji, Hrvatska
 Otočac (Korčula), otok u Lastovskom kanalu, uz južnu obalu Korčule
 Otočac (Morinje), otočić kod Jadrtovca, u zaljevu Morinje

Otočac (razdvojba)


පංචාල (, ) යනු උතුරු ඉන්දියාවේ පුරාතන ප්‍රදේශයක් වන අතර, ගංගා සහ යමුනා නදිය අවට භූගෝලීය ප්‍රදේශය, විශේෂයෙන්ම උතුරු ගංගා නදී තැන්න, මෙයට අයත් වූයේ යැයි සැලකෙයි. මෙයට වර්තමානයෙහි අයත් වන්නේ  උත්තරකන්ද් සහ  උත්තර්  ප්‍රදේශ් යන ප්‍රාන්ත වෙති. පුරාතන අවධියෙහිදී, එනම් ක්‍රිපූයු 6වන සියවස පමණ කාලයේදී,  එය,   මහජනපද සොළොසකින් (දහසයකින්)  එකක් වූ පංචාල  නම්වූ රාජ්‍ය සන්ධානයකට නිජ බිම විය.

භූගෝලීය බිම් ප්‍රමාණය
කුරු රාජ්‍යයන්ට නැගෙනහිරින්, ඉහළ හිමාලය ප්‍රදේශය සහ ගංගා නදිය අතර ප්‍රදේශය පුරා පංචාල පැතිර පැවතිණි. වර්තමාන  බුඩාවුන්, ෆාරුක්කබාද් සහ  උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ්හී යාබද දිස්ත්‍රික්ක දළ වශයෙන් මෙයට අදාළ වෙති. මෙම රාජ්‍යය උත්තර-පංචාලය සහ දක්ෂිණ-පංචාලය ලෙසින් බෙදා තිබුණි. උතුරු පංචාලයේ අගනුවර වූයේ වර්තමාන බරෙයිලි දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ එයොන්ලා ටෙසිල්හී රාම්නගර් ගම්මානය අසල, අහිචාත්‍රා (අධිචාත්‍රා සහ චාත්‍රවතී ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වේ) වූ අතර දකුණු පංචාලයේ අගනුවර  ෆාරුක්කබාද් දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ  කම්පිල්යා හෝ  කම්පිල් විය. කන්‍යාකුබ්ජ හෝ කන්නාඋජ් නමැති ප්‍රසිද්ධ නගරය පංචාල රාජධානියේ පිහිටියේය.
ඉන්දියාව

පංචාල


Sophus header eller Fodboldspillere er et maleri af Harald Giersing fra 1917.

Værkets titel
Værket officielle titel er Fodboldspillere. Sofus header.

Tilblivelse
Forlægget til maleriet er pressefoto fra en landskamp mellem Danmark og Sverige i Ude og Hjemme 3. juni 1917, der bragte en serie af fotografier fra forskellige kampe. Fotoet, der danner grundlag for Sofus header, viser Sophus Nielsen i kamp med en svensk back og en målmand. 13. juni 1917 begyndte Giersing at male ud fra fotoserien. Det blev til en håndfuld malerier inspireret af fotoserien i Ude og Hjemme. Giersing overværede kampen.

Inspiration
Som inspirationskilder til maleriet har været nævnt Robert Delaunays Holdet fra Cardiff fra 1912/13 og en italiensk futurist formentlig Umberto Boccionis Dynamism of a Soccer Player fra 1913, men Lennart Gottlieb tilbageviser begge formodninger i bogen "Giersing: maler, kritiker, menneske".

Der er lighed mellem Holdet fra Cardiff og Sofus header: den springende spiller og bolden i luften skyldes nok, at begge har brugt et pressefoto som forlæg, der er valgt på grund af det dramatiske højdepunkt. Lennart Gottlieb mener, at der er kunstnerisk forbindelse mellem de to malerier. Delaunays billede hylder den moderne tid med med dens nyskabelser som flyvemasker, Eiffeltårnet og pariserhjul, medens i Giersings billede er dramaet og bevægelsen i fodboldspillet der er omdrejningspunktet og de maleriske udladninger.

Futuristerne anvendte serier af eksponeringer af noget i bevægelse som forlæg for deres malerier. Modsat arbejde Giersing med et foto, hvor dramaet er på sit højeste. Den bevægelsesmæssige sammenhæng, der er i Sofus header er ikke futuristisk.

Motiv
Motivet med fodboldspillere i malerkunst er ikke almindeligt, men i årene omkring 1913 var sport et populært motiv. Giersing malede sit første foldboldmaleri i 1911, afledt af Pierre Bonnards løse stil. Billedet er sandsynligvis også baseret på et pressefoto ligesom Sophus header.

i 1916 havde Henrik Nielsen udstillet Fodbold på Charlottenborg og Svend Rathsack udstillede en statuette 'Fodboldspiller. På samme udstilling viste Folmer Bonnén Folbold og Ludvig Find Tilskuere ved en fodboldkamp. I 1917 viste Den fries udstilling Boksning af Harald Hansen og Tennis af Jais Nielsen.

Udvalgte fodboldmalerier

Andre fodboldmalerier af Harald Giersing
 Fodboldspiller. Landskamp ca. 1911–1912, 124 x 93 cm

De følgende er lavet med fotoserien i Ude og Hjemme fra den 3. juni 1917 som forlæg
 Fodboldspillere, 1918, Compoboard, 59,5x73 cm. Vejle Museum
 Fodboldspillere, 1917, 79x93 cm
 ''Fodboldspillere, 1918, 35,5x44,5 cm

Modtagelse
Fodboldkyndige vil nok sige, hvorfor kæmper Sofus med en medspiller? da de har samme trøjer på. Det er en frihed kunstneren har taget. På fotografiet ser man tydeligt, at Sofus Krølben kæmper med en svensk back. Fodboldkyndige vil også sige: "hvorfor har Sofus ikke en rød landsholdtrøje på?"

Eksterne henvisninger
 Kunstindeks Danmark & Weilbachs kunstnerleksikon

Referencer

Malerier fra 1917
Malerier af Harald Giersing

Fodboldspillere. Sofus header


هورودنيا (Городня) هي مدينة في تشرنيهيف أوبلاست في أوكرانيا ،  تم بناء أول مصفاة لتكرير السكر في أوكرانيا في هذه المدينة.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 13281 نسمة، وتشتهر بإنتاج ألياف الكتان، والطوب، والمواد الغذائية، ومنتجات الألبان، والمنتجات الخشبية، ومعالجة أحجار «اللابرادوريت» الذي يعد من الأحجار الكريمة.

مراجع

مواقع هولوكوست في أوكرانيا
مدن أوكرانيا
غوبرنيه شيرنكوف
مدن مقاطعة تشرنيهيف

هورودنيا


(13052) Las Casas é um asteroide do cinturão principal.

Descrição
(13052) Las Casas é um asteroide do cinturão principal. Foi descoberto por Eric Walter Elst em 22 de setembro de 1990 no ESO. Possui uma órbita caracterizada por um semi-eixo maior de 2,64 UA, uma excentricidade de 0,036 e uma inclinação de 4,13° em relação à eclíptica. Foi nomeado em homenagem ao padre católico Bartolomé de las Casas (1474-1565).

Asteroides da cintura principal

(13052) Las Casas


Oussama Raoui (en ), né le , est un footballeur marocain évoluant au poste d'arrière droit au FUS Rabat.

Biographie

En club

En sélection

Maroc -17 ans
Il a honoré cinq sélections avec l'équipe du Maroc -17 ans entre 2018 et 2019, les deux premières sont des matchs amicaux contre l'Algérie le 20 août 2018 (victoire 5-2) et contre la Tunisie le 28 août 2018 (victoire 1-0). Il a ensuite disputé la CAN -17 ans 2019 où il a joué 3 matchs mais le Maroc va se faire éliminer dès la phase de poule avec aucune victoire (2 défaites contre le Cameroun et la Guinée et un nul contre le Sénégal).

Maroc -20 ans
Il a reçu 4 sélections avec l'équipe du Maroc -20 ans depuis 2020, la première est un match amical contre la Tunisie le  mars 2020 (défaite, 0-4). Il dispute par la suite la CAN -20 ans 2021 où il joue 2 matchs de poule sur 3 (nul 0-0 contre le Ghana et victoire 3-0 contre la Tanzanie). Il va aussi être titulaire lors du quart de finale contre la Tunisie mais le Maroc va se faire éliminer 0-0 et 1-4 aux tirs au but.

Le 7 octobre 2020, il est sélectionné avec l'équipe du Maroc -20 ans pour une double confrontation amicale contre la Mauritanie -20 ans au Complexe Mohammed VI à Salé.

Maroc -23 ans
En octobre 2021, il figure pour la première fois sur la liste du Maroc olympique concoctée par Hicham Dmii pour un stage de préparation au Centre sportif de Maâmora à Salé du 4 au 12 octobre.

Le 15 septembre 2022, il est convoqué par Hicham Dmii avec le Maroc olympique pour une double confrontation face au Sénégal olympique dans le cadre d'un stage de préparation pour les qualifications aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2024.

Maroc A'
Le 28 juillet 2022, il est convoqué par le sélectionneur Hicham Dmii pour un stage de préparation avec l'équipe du Maroc A', figurant sur une liste de 23 joueurs qui prendront part aux Jeux de la solidarité islamique en août 2022.

Statistiques

Palmarès
Oussama Raoui remporte en 2018 le tournoi UNAF grâce à trois victoires sur trois et se qualifie automatiquement à la Coupe d'Afrique des nations avec le Maroc -17 ans. Le Maroc est éliminé au premier tour de la CAN. En 2023, il atteint la finale de la Coupe d'Afrique des nations -23 ans.

 Maroc -17 ans

 Tournoi UNAF :
 Champion : 2018.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance au Maroc
Naissance en novembre 2002
Footballeur marocain
Joueur du FUS de Rabat

Oussama Raoui


Neil Emblen (17 de junio de 1971 en Bromley) es un exfutbolista inglés y actual entrenador.

Carrera

Su debut oficial fue en el año 1993, defiendo la camiseta del Millwall FC, donde jugó tan solo 12 partidos. En 1994 fue transferido al Wolverhampton, allí se afianzó rápidamente en el primer equipo disputando 89 partidos y convirtiendo 9 tantos. Abandonó el club en 1997 para tener un corto paso por el Crystal Palace, sin embargo, un año después volvería al Wolverhampton para quedarse allí hasta 2001, en este segundo período en el equipo de West Midlands afrontó 114 partidos, con 7 goles convertidos. Pero luego fue transferido al Norwich City donde, a pesar de ser nombrado capitán, su carrera comenzó a decaer, solo hizo 14 apariciones sin goles convertidos. Fue dado a préstamo al Walsall Football Club que luego haría la compra oficial de su pase en 2003. Su carrera resurgió, haciendo 7 goles en 75 partidos. En 2005, New Zealand Knights, en ese entonces, el club neozelandés de la A-League australiana lo contrató, pero el club se disolvió en 2007 dejando a Neil sin un equipo para jugar, finalmente el Waitakere United compró su pase, siendo este el equipo en el que se retiró en 2009 luego de ganar la edición 2009 del New Zealand Championship. Ese mismo año tomó la decisión de continuar su carrera como entrenador. Dirigió al Waitakere United, con el que consiguió el título de la ASB Premiership 2010/11 y 2011/12. Sin embargo, abandonó la actividad futbolística recién en 2012, ya que siguió jugando partidos oficiales para el Waitakere por la O-League. Ese mismo año comenzó a dirigir la selección neozelandesa sub-23 y se agregó al cuerpo técnico de los All Whites como asistente.

En 2014, tras el alejamiento de Ricki Herbert, fue seleccionado de manera interina para dirigir al seleccionado neozelandés en los amistosos que disputase en ese año. Dirigió solamente los encuentros ante  y , con un saldo de un empate y una derrota.

Clubes como futbolista

Clubes como entrenador

Palmarés

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Emblen como entrenador en transfermarkt
Emblen como jugador en transfermarkt

Futbolistas de Inglaterra
Futbolistas del Millwall Football Club
Futbolistas del Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club
Futbolistas del Crystal Palace Football Club
Futbolistas del Norwich City Football Club
Futbolistas del Walsall Football Club
Futbolistas del New Zealand Knights FC
Futbolistas del Waitakere United
Entrenadores de fútbol de Inglaterra
Entrenadores del Waitakere United
Entrenadores de la selección de fútbol de Nueva Zelanda

Neil Emblen


Universities in Greece form one part of constitutionally-recognized institutions with degree awarding powers. According to Greece's Constitution, higher education institutions (HEIs) include universities, polytechnics, some specialist HEIs, and formerly technological educational institutes (TEIs). In Greece, all universities are publicly owned and funded having state-accredited university title and authorization of university degree awarding powers at level 6 (first cycle qualification, bachelor's level) under the Bologna Process and the National Qualification Framework of Greece which is officially named Hellenic Qualification Framework (HQF; Greek: ).

The power to award Greek university degrees is regulated by law and it is an offence for an institution to award a Greece university degree if it is not public and state-owned. The State University System of Greece operates on the term system of two semesters per academic year, has the national curriculum (national education system) set forth by the Ministry of Education of Greece ().

Higher Education Institutions
Higher education institutions' (HEIs; Greek: ) undergraduate programmes in Greece are government funded and have free education without any payment of tuition fee. About one-fourth of postgraduate programmes are offered without tuition and 30% of students can be entitled to attend tuition-free postgraduate programmes after they are assessed on individual criteria. The Hellenic Qualification Framework (HQF) sets out the different levels of education qualifications and the requirements for each of these and is linked to the European Qualifications Framework (EQF), and thus to other qualifications frameworks across the European Union.
The regulated framework for Greece higher education qualifications, which is tied to the HQF, covers degree-levels qualifications of Greece degree-awarding bodies and is linked to the Qualifications Framework in the European Higher Education Area (QF-EHEA) established by the Bologna process where Greece is a full member since 1999. Joining to the Bologna process Greece began education reforms in order to get higher education meeting the common European Union standards. Now the process is implemented in all higher education institutions. The programmes of EHEA are set at three levels of study which are usually referred to as the three cycle system.

First (entry level), a four-year cycle of study at EQF level 6 to attain a bachelor's degree or its equivalent (Greek: ; transliterated to Ptychio in dhimotiki from 1976–present; or defunct ; Ptychion in polytonic, katharevousa up until 1976). A second cycle of study follows at EQF level 7 lasting one or two years to attain a master's degree (, also known as: δίπλωμα μεταπτυχιακών σπουδών (Δ.Μ.Σ.), 'diploma of postgraduate studies') or equivalent, which is distinguished from a postgraduate diploma, typically having 120 ECTS, as opposed to a full master's degree which usually has 180. The third cycle of study at EQF level 8, lasting three years, awards a doctoral degree () or equivalent.

Universities and Technical Universities
Universities () can grant one or more of bachelor's, master's, integrated master's and doctorate's degrees. The undergraduate programme of study for most disciplines is four years with awarded qualification in line with the Bologna process legal equivalent to a bachelor's degree, 240 ECTS, at level 6 of Greece's National Qualification Framework (NQF), European Qualifications Framework (EQF), or International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED).

Technical universities, also known as polytechnics (Greek: ), grant degrees at the integrated master's level (which is divided into a 3-year undergraduate degree qualification and a 2-year postgraduate one), master's, and doctorate level. In specific disciplines, only the undergraduate programme is five years with awarded qualification (Greek: , Latinised version: Diploma) that is legally equivalent to an integrated master's degree, which is often the standard route to chartered status for a regulated profession in Greece. The integrated master's degree is a specialized degree corresponding to a master-level degree which has integrated part of an undergraduate degree. It is also called an undergraduate master's degree, where instead of studying for two separate degrees, a student will study for a single, longer programme. A student can also be awarded the 3-year undergraduate qualification (180 ECTS), instead of pursuing the masters should he wishes to. The most common integrated master's is in engineering, for example a Dipl.-Eng or Dip.Arch.Eng/M.Arch, and also others along with some programmes in the fine arts.

In medical schools, six years of studying are required to earn a bachelor's degree.

In addition to earning an academic degree in specific disciplines only, state license is required to practice independently within the country of Greece, and some disciplines have further licensing requirements to bestow a recognized appellation (chartered accountant, attorney at law, doctor of medicine, etc.). Diploma is a prerequisite for registration as a chartered professional, so it is also known as professional degree. The use of specific professional titles for some professions is legally regulated. For a regulated profession, access to professional practice requires holding a particular specific degree (e.g. professional degree), taken special exams that are required to earn state practice credential such as it must pass the National Council Licensure Examination, a period of practical training under supervision similar to internship, and/or registration with a professional body.

International programmes
With the law 4692/2020, Part II, Chapter III, from Article 82 to Article 95, the Greek Higher Education Institoutions (HEIs) can provide first cycle programmes of studies in a language other than Greek.
Among the Greek universities offer English-taught full-time programmes with tuition are:
 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 4-year undergraduate programme in Archaeology, History, and Literature of Ancient Greece.
 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine 6-year undergraduate programme.
 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine 6-year undergraduate programme for foreign citizens.
 International Hellenic University, University Center of International Programmes of Studies (UCIPS), offers English-taught postgraduate programmes.
 University of Patras, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Philosophy 2-year postgraduate programme, master's degree, titled Greek and Chinese Civilizations: A Comparative Approach.
 University of Piraeus, School of Economics, Business and International Studies, Department of International and European Studies, postgraduate programme titled Μaster of Science (MSc) American Studies: Politics, Strategy and Economics.

University Rankings in Greece
An external evaluation of all Greek universities was conducted by the Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency (HQA).

The following universities rank in at least one of the four major global rankings:

Technological educational institutes
Technological educational institutes (TEIs; Greek: ) was a classification of Greek public HEIs (government subsidised) from 1983 to 2019, also called Technological Educational Institutes (TEIs) of Higher Education, Technological Institutes, Institutes of Technology, Technological Universities, and rarely Technical Colleges.

The undergraduate degree programmes, which by default included a one-time, 960 hours-long internship term known as practical training semester, consisted of four years and 240 ECTS-credits, previously a three and a half years (law 1404/24-11-1983, 1983–1995) and 210 ECTS, in line with the Bologna Process equivalent to a Level 6 ISCED bachelor's degree; the postgraduate degree programmes were one-and-a-half years full-time or three years part-time with 90 credits and awarded qualification equivalent to a master's degree, ISCED 7. All TEIs in Greece were reformed between 2013 and 2019 and their departments have been incorporated into existing Higher Education Institutions.

Former HEIs
HEIs are defunct due to either closure or merger. Such events include:

The progressive education reforms of the "ATHENA" reform plan restructured higher education from 2013 to 2019.

 University of Central Greece, abolished in June 2013 and absorbed into the University of Thessaly (UTH) and Panteion University
 University of Western Greece, abolished in June 2013 and absorbed into the University of Patras

Mergers of TEIs in 2018–2019:

 TEI of Thessaloniki, TEI of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace (TEI of Kavala), and TEI of Central Macedonia (TEI of Serres), merged with the International Hellenic University in 2019
 TEI of Athens and TEI of Piraeus, merged in 2018 to form the University of West Attica with three campuses in Aigaleo municipality in Athens
 TEI of Crete, abolished in May 2019, founding the new Hellenic Mediterranean University
 TEI of Central Greece, a merger of TEI of Chalkida and TEI of Lamia, abolished in 2019 and absorbed by the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, the Agricultural University of Athens, and the University of Thessaly
 TEI of Ionian Islands, merged with Ionian University in 2018
 TEI of Thessaly, abolished in 2019 and absorbed by the University of Thessaly
 TEI of Epirus, merged with the University of Ioannina in 2018
 TEI of Western Macedonia (TEI of Kozani), merged with the University of Western Macedonia in 2019
 TEI of Western Greece, a merger of two TEIs in Patras and Mesolonghi, merged with the University of Patras and the University of Peloponnese in 2019
 TEI of Peloponnese (TEI of Kalamata), merged with University of Peloponnese in 2019

Specialist HEIs

Hellenic Coast Guard Officers School
 Hellenic Police Officers School
 Hellenic Fire Service Officers School

Military HEIs offer 3 and 4-year undergraduate programs which lead to a bachelor's degree-level in military studies. The latter have been called Higher Military Education Institutions (ASEI; Greek: ): since 2010, they have offered studies for master's degree-level specialized diplomas and doctoral degrees. They conduct officer training for the Hellenic Armed Forces and have been considered national defense universities since 1961. Students at all Military Forces Academies are referred to as cadets and receive a monthly stipend during education. All cadets reside on campus and receive meals in dining halls. Cadets are not referred to as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors but instead fourth class, third class, second class, and first class cadets, respectively. All foreign cadets are commissioned into the military forces of their home countries. Upon graduation, all cadets become commissioned as second lieutenants, entry-level rank, and are employed in the Hellenic Armed Forces for a compulsory minimum term of duty service. Their graduates are eligible to reach flag officer ranks, albeit from Major onwards promotions are given on a personal merit basis for the completion of limited positions.

Hellenic Military Academy (Evelpidon Military Academy)
Hellenic Naval Academy (Hellenic Naval Cadets Academy)
Hellenic Air Force Academy (Icarus Air Force Academy)
 Military School of Officers Corps (also referred to as Military School of Combat Support Officers), with programs in Economy, Dentistry, Legal Advisors, Medical, Pharmacy, Psychology, Veterinary Medicine.

Alongside officers schools, 3-year undergraduate programs are also offered in the respective NCO schools for each of Greece's armed forces branch:

 Military Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥ) - graduates are commissioned as Sergeants (OR-6)
 Air Force Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥΑ) - graduates are commissioned as Airforce Sergeants (OR-6)
 Naval Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥΝ) - graduates are commissioned as Petty Officers (OR-6)

Despite their names (), their alumni actually advance to the senior officer rank of Antisyntagmatarchis/Antipterachos/Antiploiarchos (OF-4), a rank at which most commissioned officers of both levels (Officer and NCO school graduates) usually retire. Unlike their officer school counterparts, however, they can not attain a flag officer rank, something possible before WWII; among others, General Nikolaos Plastiras was a ΣΜΥ graduate.

NCO schools for the Police, Fire Service and Coast Guard have a differentiated approach:

 Hellenic Police Constable Academy (Σχολή Αστυφυλάκων) - highest attainable career rank: Second Lieutenant.
 Hellenic Fire Service Firemen Academy (Σχολή Πυροσβεστών) - graduates (Firemen) are able to join the officer corps following exams later during their careers.
 Hellenic Coastguard Seamen Academy (Σχολή Λιμενοφυλάκων) - highest attainable career rank: Second Lieutenant.

There are also specialised schools for officers, not accessible to civilians throughout the Panhellenic exams, such as the Hellenic National Defense College, the Hellenic National Security College and others.

Non-HEIs
In Greece, private colleges are not considered universities and are not recognized as HEIs or degree-awarding bodies by the Greek government. The Post-secondary Education Centres (Greek: ) accredited by the Ministry of Education to which the Private Colleges belong, also they can be called Post-secondary Colleges (non-tertiary), they are bodies of non-typical education () known as non-formal education bodies.
According to the State Constitution of Greece, "education at university level must be provided exclusively by institutions which are fully self-governed public law legal bodies".
This prohibits private companies from operating post-secondary education that provides studies at Level 6 and higher on the Greek Qualifications Framework. However, it does not prohibit colleges from collaborating in Greece with foreign universities to offer undergraduate and postgraduate programmes.

The Panhellenic Association of Recognised Colleges (Greek: ) is the representative body for the Greece located recognised private colleges. All the private colleges located in Greece are for-profit. Generally, any individual who wants to found a college in Greece must obtain a Higher Education Accreditation by the National (Hellenic) Authority for Higher Education (HAHE) and a license by the Ministry of Education, but has no obligation to become a participatory member of HCA.

The vast majority of colleges are offering programmes of study under franchise or validation agreements with universities established in other European Union countries, primarily in the UK, leading to degrees which are awarded directly by those universities. The monitoring of those agreements as well as of additional provisions for the operation of colleges is carried out by the Ministry of Education and confirmed by Parliament by a 2008 law. Amendments were passed in 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2014. They are also monitored by the respective educational authorities of the countries of the partnered universities, for example QAA and NARIC for a British university.

One example of a college which neither operating as a franchise nor was validated through arrangements in the UK was the University of Indianapolis – Athens Campus, which ceased operations in July 2014. By contrast, this college was wholly owned and operated by its home campus, and is therefore accredited by the same agency which accredits the home campus. Consequently, students of the University of Indianapolis could switch between campuses at any time.

Degrees, diplomas, certificates, and any other type of attestation awarded by universities in European Union and European Free Trade Association countries to students that have completed their studies in an accredited private college located in Greece, can be recognized as professionally equivalent "in terms of the professional (practice) rights only" (Greek: ) to higher education titles awarded in the formal Greek education system. Recognition of professional equivalence permits access to a specific economic activity that the title-holder can exercise on the same rules, rights, terms as holders of comparable titles of Greece HEIs education system.

Recognition of legally-recognized professional degree rights in Greece can only be granted by the Independent Department of Implementation of European Legislation (ATEEN; ) of the Ministry of Education (Υ.ΠΑΙ.Θ.), as of the 2005 Directive of the European Parliament and Council, implemented domestically by a presidential decree in 2010.

Higher Education qualifications obtained from abroad foreign countries are recognised by the Interdisciplinary Organisation of Recognition Academic Titles and Information (D.O.A.T.A.P.; Greek: ) supervised by the Ministry of Education (). The Hellenic National Academic Recognition and Information Center (Hellenic NARIC) is the official international name of DOATAP. In most cases, it can obtain a "statement of comparability" of a qualification (certificate of qualification equivalency information), stating how it compares to the qualifications delivered in Greece.

HAHE authority
The Hellenic Quality Assurance and Accreditation Agency for Higher Education (ADIP; Greek: ), established by law 3374/2005, keeps the competent bodies of the state and the HEIs informed on current international developments and relevant issues. The ADIP was reformed by law 4653/2020 to form the Hellenic (National) Authority for Higher Education (HAHE; Greek: ). At the end of each year, a Higher Education Quality Report is submitted to the Minister of Education. A "Quality Assurance Unit" (QAU) is established in every HEI in order to coordinate and support evaluation procedures. QAU meetings are chaired by the Vice-Rector or vice-president of Academic Affairs of the relevant HEI and representatives of the staff and students take part in the QAU.

The internal evaluation is carried out with the responsibility of each academic unit (faculty or department) in cooperation with the  Quality Assurance Unit. The academic units appoint Internal Evaluation Groups or Special Evaluation Groups (if undergraduate or postgraduate programmes are separately evaluated) and these groups compile the Internal Evaluation Report and submit it to the Quality Assurance Unit of the institution. The external evaluation process is repeated at longest every four years with the cooperation of HEIs and the HAHE. The evaluation is carried out by the External Evaluation Committee, which consists of five members from an HAHE register of independent experts.

See also

 List of colleges and universities by country
 List of universities and colleges in Cyprus
 List of research institutes in Greece
 Outline of academic disciplines
 State School (publicly funded)
 Academic grading in Greece
 Education in Greece
 Private university

References

Further reading

External links

 Ministry of Education

  Hellenic Authority for Higher Education (HAHE)
 Greek Research and Technology Network (GRNET)

Greece
Greece
Higher education in Greece
Univ
Univ

List of universities in Greece


Alfred Hettner (født 6. august 1859 i Dresden, død 31. august 1941 i Heidelberg) var en tysk geograf. Han var søn af Hermann Theodor Hettner.

Hettner studerede geografi, foretog 1882—1884 og 1888—1890 forskningsrejser i Sydamerika og blev 1894 ekstraordinær professor i geografi i Leipzig, hvorfra han 1897 kom til Tübingen og 1899 til Heidelberg. Han blev emeritus 1928. Hettner har skrevet en lang række geografiske arbejder, blandt hvilke hans håndbog Evropa (1907) vel er mest kendt. Siden 1895 udgav han Geographische Zeitschrift.

Kilder

Geografer fra Tyskland
Professorer fra Tyskland
Ansatte ved Leipzigs Universitet
Ansatte ved Tübingens Universitet
Ansatte ved Heidelbergs Universitet
Faglitterære forfattere fra Tyskland
Tysksprogede forfattere
Tyskere i 1800-tallet
Tyskere i 1900-tallet
Personer fra Dresden

Alfred Hettner


Faddeyevsky Yarımadası (Rusça: Полуостров Фаддеевский) coğrafî olarak iki ayrı ada olup, karanın denize yürümesi diye adlandırılan doğal olaylar ile yakın olan adaların birbirleriyle ile birleşmesi sonucu dünyanın en büyük elli adasından biri olmuşlardır. Yeni Sibirya Adaları olarak adlandırılan adalar grubunun bir üyesidir. Faddeyevski Adası'nın genel fizikî özelliği kumluk ve yer yer killi toprağı olmasıdır.

Yeni Sibirya Adaları
Rusya'daki yarımadalar
Yakutistan'daki yeryüzü şekilleri

Faddeyevski Yarımadası


Stor fregatfugl (Fregata minor) er en tropisk fregatfugl.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Atlanterhavets fugle
Det Indiske Oceans fugle
Fregatfugle
Stillehavets fugle

Stor fregatfugl