National Express East Anglia (NXEA) was a train operating company in England owned by National Express that operated the Greater Anglia franchise from April 2004 until February 2012. Originally trading as One, it was rebranded National Express East Anglia in February 2008. It provided local, suburban and express services from London Liverpool Street to destinations in Essex, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Norfolk in the East of England.

History

When the British Rail services operating out of London Liverpool Street were privatised in January 1997, they were divided up between three train operating companies, Anglia Railways, First Great Eastern and West Anglia Great Northern.

In December 2001, the Strategic Rail Authority announced it planned to combine all of the services operating out of London Liverpool Street into one Greater Anglia franchise.

In April 2003, the Strategic Rail Authority announced Arriva, GB Railways and National Express had been shortlisted to bid for the new franchise. In December 2003, the franchise was awarded to National Express with all the services operated by Anglia Railways and First Great Eastern along with those out of London Liverpool Street by West Anglia Great Northern, transferring to One on 1 April 2004. The franchise was to run until March 2011, with provision for a three-year extension if performance targets were met.

One
The area names from the former franchises were initially retained as sub-brands by the new franchise, One Anglia, One Great Eastern and One West Anglia, however other than Stansted Express all services were soon branded as just One, reflecting the union of the three smaller franchises into one single franchise. This led to passenger confusion as they were unable to establish if announcements were for the 07:20 One service, or the 07:21 service resulting in the company's name being omitted from announcements.

National Express East Anglia
In February 2008, as part of a group wide rebranding exercise, the franchise was redesignated again. This time it became National Express East Anglia.

In November 2009, the Department for Transport announced National Express would not be granted the three-year extension that it had met the criteria for, because of it defaulting on the National Express East Coast franchise.

Following a change of government at the 2010 General Election, the Department for Transport announced all refranchising would be put on hold while a review was conducted into the franchising process. As a result, National Express were granted an initial extension until October 2011, followed by another until February 2012.

After February 2012 the trains were run by Greater Anglia a subsidiary of Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

Services
In addition to its domestic services, the company was also a partner with Stena Line and Nederlandse Spoorwegen in the Dutchflyer service. Most of the London services use Liverpool Street as their terminus.

Former Anglia franchise
Intercity Great Eastern Main Line services to Chelmsford, Colchester, Ipswich and Norwich as well as local services in Suffolk and Norfolk
Bittern Line (Norwich - Cromer - Sheringham)
Breckland Line (Norwich - Ely (continuing to Cambridge)
East Suffolk Line (Ipswich - Lowestoft)
Ely to Peterborough Line (Ely - Peterborough)
Felixstowe Branch Line (Ipswich - Felixstowe)
Ipswich to Ely Line (Ipswich - Bury St Edmunds, continuing to Ely/Newmarket - Cambridge)
Wherry Lines (Norwich - Great Yarmouth / Lowestoft)

Former Great Eastern franchise
Great Eastern Main Line to Chelmsford, Colchester, Clacton-on-Sea and Ipswich
'Shenfield Metro' service Liverpool Street - Shenfield
Upminster Branch Line (Romford - Upminster)
Shenfield to Southend Line (Shenfield - Southend Victoria)
Crouch Valley Line (Shenfield–Wickford - Southminster)
Braintree Branch Line (Witham - )
Gainsborough Line (Marks Tey - Sudbury)
Sunshine Coast Line (Colchester - Colchester Town - Clacton-on-Sea and Walton-on-the Naze)
Mayflower Line (Manningtree - Harwich Town)

Former West Anglia Great Northern franchise
Lea Valley Lines (Liverpool Street to Chingford / Enfield / Cheshunt), also services on the Hertford East Branch Line
Local services from Liverpool Street - Stansted Airport
Stratford - Stansted Airport
West Anglia Main Line Liverpool Street - Harlow / Cambridge (and limited service to King's Lynn)

For eight weeks in summer 2004, Ipswich tunnel was closed with One running two Norwich to Liverpool Street services via Cambridge with Cotswold Rail Class 47s.

In December 2004 new services were introduced from Liverpool Street to Lowestoft (via East Suffolk Line or Norwich), Peterborough, Bury St Edmunds and Cambridge via Ipswich. However, in December 2010 these services become withdrawn.

The Liverpool Street to Harwich International Boat Trains used to be operated by Class 86s and Mark 2s, however EMUs took over the service.

Rolling stock
One inherited a fleet of Class 86, Mark 2 carriages, Driving Brake Standard Opens, Class 150, Class 153 and Class 170 Turbostar, Class 312, Class 315, Class 317, Class 321 and Class 360s from Anglia Railways, First Great Eastern and West Anglia Great Northern.

A franchise commitment was the replacement of the Class 86s and Mark 2 carriages with Class 90s and Mark 3 carriages that were being replaced by Virgin Trains with the Class 390 Pendolino. Initially the Mark 3s entered service in the same run-down condition in which they had left Virgin, before all were overhauled at Bombardier Transportation's Derby Litchurch Lane Works. The last Class 86s and Mark 2 carriages were withdrawn in late 2006.

In 2005, the Class 150s were exchanged with nine Class 156s from Central Trains. In 2009, National Express East Anglia received 17 Class 321s transferred from London Midland.

Another franchise commitment was the procurement of new stock for the Stansted Express service. This resulted in 30 four-carriage Class 379 Electrostars being ordered; the first entered service in March 2011.

A Class 47 was hired from Cotswold Rail for use on rescue duties and to haul the initial weekday and later Summer Saturday only services from Norwich to Great Yarmouth. After Cotswold ceased trading in 2009, Direct Rail Services Class 47s were hired. DB Schenker often provided Class 90s to cover for unavailability of One's fleet.

Fleet at start of franchise

Fleet at end of franchise

Diagrams
Class 315:

Class 321:
Class 360:
Class 379:

Performance
Infrastructure problems have affected performance. According to Network Rail, the main problems have been track-circuit failures, broken rails, track faults, points failures and overhead line equipment (OLE) failures. Network Rail, which is responsible for the infrastructure, intended to improve performance by work carried out during a planned closure of London Liverpool Street station over Christmas and New Year 2007/8. This allowed much of the outer London overhead line equipment to be replaced by modern, self-tensioning lines. The work was carried out, but overran at short notice by some 24 hours, causing ridicule in the national press.

Detailed figures (from the January edition of Modern Railways) of the miles covered per 5-minute delay for the year ending October 2009 showed that the most reliable trains in the fleet were again the Class 360 Desiros (mainly Clacton-on-Sea to London Liverpool Street), which achieved over 38,000 miles per five-minute delay. The 'workhorse' Class 321s by comparison returned some 21,500 miles per five-minute delay, while the 'Inter-City' Class 90 locomotive-hauled Norwich - Liverpool Street trains came in at some 14,000 miles per five-minute delay - this last figure being a 35% improvement on last year's 10,400. The Class 90 locomotives won the Silver Spanner award for InterCity rolling stock at the Annual National Rail Awards 2009.

Demise
In March 2011, the Department for Transport announced Abellio, Go-Ahead, and Stagecoach had been shortlisted to bid for the new Greater Anglia franchise. In October 2011, the new franchise was awarded to Abellio with the services operated by National Express East Anglia transferring to Greater Anglia on 5 February 2012.

References

External links

Company website

|-

Defunct train operating companies
Mobico Group
Railway companies established in 2004
Railway companies disestablished in 2012
Railway operators in London
2004 establishments in England
2012 disestablishments in England

National Express East Anglia


Gustavo Alessandri Valdés (Santiago, 30 de abril de 1929- Santiago, 18 de julio de 2017) fue un abogado y político chileno, miembro de Renovación Nacional (RN). Fue diputado en diferentes periodos, además de ser alcalde de las comunas de La Florida (1958-1961) y Santiago (1987-1989).

Primeros años
Miembro de la familia Alessandri, entre cuyos miembros hay dos presidentes de la República, destacados juristas, servidores públicos y académicos, nació del matrimonio conformado por Gustavo Alessandri Altamirano y Elena Valdés Freire. Era nieto del senador liberal José Pedro Alessandri Palma, sobrino nieto del Presidente Arturo Alessandri Palma y sobrino del Presidente Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez. Él era primo de Arturo Alessandri Besa, quien fuera Diputado, Senador y candidato Presidencial. Por familia materna, era bisnieto del Presidente don Ramón Freire. Se formó en el Instituto de Humanidades Luis Campino e ingresó a la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica de Chile. Era nieto también del fundador y primer alcalde de La Florida Vicente Valdés. En la época de estudiante universitario, específicamente entre 1948 y 1949, actuó como periodista en el proceso de Núremberg.

Más adelante, siguió ampliando sus conocimientos en la Escuela de Ciencias Políticas de París y en la Universidad de Salamanca, España, donde cursó la especialización de Derecho Constitucional Europeo Comparado.

Vida privada
Se casó con Verónica Balmaceda Aguero, bisnieta del Presidente de la República José Manuel Balmaceda con quien tuvo tres hijos, entre ellos a Gustavo Alessandri Balmaceda, diputado 1990-1994.

En segundas nupcias se casó con Constanza Vergara Vicuña (periodista exdirectora de las revistas Paula y ELLE), con quien también tuvo tres hijos, dos de los cuales integraron el Gabinete Presidencial del Presidente Sebastián Piñera durante el primer periodo presidencial. Por su lado materno desciende en linea directa del Presidente José Joaquín Prieto y del presidente de la Primera Junta de Gobierno don Mateo de Toro y Zambrano. Escribió el libro Buenas Maneras y Buenas Maneras para Ejecutivos, los cuales fueron éxito de ventas en los 90.

Su hijo Jorge Alessandri Vergara se desempeñó en el Gobierno de Sebastián Piñera como Subdirector de Programación de la Presidencia, y fue concejal de Santiago (2008-2012). En 2015 fue elegido Prosecretario Nacional de la Udi para el período 2015-2017. En noviembre de 2017 fue elegido diputado de la República para el período 2018-2022 y reelecto para el periodo 2022-2026 en representación del distrito 10 de Santiago.

En tanto que Felipe Alessandri Vergara, ejerció en el Gabinete Presidencial del Presidente Sebastián Piñera el cargo de Encargado Ciudadano de la Presidencia desde 2011 hasta el fin del Gobierno en 2014. Además, fue concejal de Santiago (2004-2008) y reelegido Concejal de Santiago por el periodo (2012-2016).En 2016 fue elegido Alcalde de Santiago, siendo la primera vez que un padre y luego su hijo ejercen este mismo cargo.

Su nieto Gustavo Alessandri Bascuñán, abogado de profesión, fue concejal de la comuna de Puente Alto entre 2012-16; y desde diciembre de 2016 asume como alcalde de la Municipalidad de Zapallar.

Actividad profesional
En el ámbito privado se dedicó a las actividades comerciales, industriales y agrícolas. Recién titulado de abogado, trabajó en la Empresa Importadora Wal Ltda., como subgerente.

Se desempeñó como director en diversas empresas, como el Banco Español, Fibrocemento Pudahuel, Tattersal, Importadora Watts, Banco del Pacífico, Compañía de Seguros La Santiago y Aeromar. Fue presidente de Industrias S.A y vicepresidente de Hoteles Unidos S.A. También fue fundador de la Compañía Chilena de Fósforos, donde ejerció como presidente del directorio. Fue además director de Santander Inversiones, Viña Tarapacá ex Zavala, y Viña Mar. Al momento de ser elegido diputado, renunció a todos estos directorios.

Entre otras actividades, aprobó el curso de piloto civil, en el Club Aéreo de Melipilla. Fue director de varias sociedades anónimas, y el 27 de abril de 2011 se integró al Directorio de la Compañía Chilena de Fósforos S.A.

Vida pública
Fue regidor y alcalde de La Florida. Fue elegido diputado por el tercer distrito De Santiago para los períodos 1961-1965, 1969-1973 y 1973-1977. Luego, antes del Golpe militar, fue elegido en tres ocasiones Diputado por el tercer distrito, una por el Partido Liberal y las otras dos por el Partido Nacional. En 1974, en pleno régimen militar, integró la Comisión Legislativa II y más tarde la Comisión de Leyes Orgánicas Constitucionales hasta su designación como alcalde capitalino.

En 1987 fue designado alcalde de la comuna de Santiago por el general Augusto Pinochet. Permaneció en el cargo hasta el 4 de enero de 1989.

Era fundador y militante del partido Renovación Nacional, desempeñándose en varios periodos como miembro de su Comisión Política y consejero general.

En 1997 fue elegido diputado nuevamente, en representación de su partido, por el Distrito N.°20 "Estación Central, Cerrillos y Maipú", período 1998 a 2002; integró la Comisión Permanente de Relaciones Exteriores; la de Asuntos Interparlamentarios e Integración Latinoamericana y la de Derechos Humanos, Nacionalidad y Ciudadanía.

Historial electoral

Listado de diputados 1961-1965

Elecciones parlamentarias de 1969
 Elecciones parlamentarias de 1969 para la 7ª Agrupación Departamental, Tercer Distrito Puente Alto y Pedro Aguirre Cerda.

Elecciones parlamentarias de 1973
 Elecciones parlamentarias de 1973 para el Tercer Distrito de Santiago, Puente Alto

Elecciones parlamentarias de 1993
 Elecciones parlamentarias de 1993 para el Distrito 40 (Longaví, Parral, Retiro, Cauquenes, Pelluhue y Chanco)

Elecciones parlamentarias de 1997
 Elecciones parlamentarias de 1997 para el Distrito 20 (Cerrillos, Estación Central y Maipú)

Elecciones parlamentarias de 2001
 Elecciones parlamentarias de 2001 para el Distrito 20 (Cerrillos, Estación Central y Maipú)

Notas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Gustavo
Familia Valdés (Chile)
Alumnado del Instituto de Humanidades Luis Campino
Alumnado de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Abogados de Chile
Diputados del XLIV Período Legislativo del Congreso Nacional de Chile
Diputados del XLVI Período Legislativo del Congreso Nacional de Chile
Diputados del XLVII Período Legislativo del Congreso Nacional de Chile
Diputados del L Período Legislativo del Congreso Nacional de Chile
Alcaldes de Santiago (comuna)
Alcaldes de La Florida (Chile)
Militantes del Partido Liberal (Chile)
Políticos del Partido Nacional (Chile)
Políticos de Renovación Nacional
Alumnado de la Universidad de Salamanca en el siglo XX
Nacidos en Santiago de Chile
Fallecidos en Santiago de Chile

Gustavo Alessandri Valdés


The +D (or Plus D) was a floppy disk and printer interface for the ZX Spectrum home computer, developed as a successor to Miles Gordon Technology's earlier product, the DISCiPLE. It was designed to be smaller, cheaper, simpler and thus more reliable.

It discarded a number of the less important features of the earlier product — the network and joystick ports, the inhibit button and the pass-through connector — and replaced its ancestor's plastic wedge-shaped design which fit under the Spectrum with a simple flat metal slab which protruded from the rear of the computer.

It provided only floppy disk and Centronics parallel interfaces, plus a non-maskable interrupt button. The +D's casing was simple folded steel, which was not only stronger than before but acted as a heatsink, improving reliability. Apart from the missing ports, though, it was software-compatible with the larger device.

The +D's DOS was named G+DOS, and was compatible with the DISCiPLE's DOS, GDOS. SAM DOS for MGT's SAM Coupé was backwards-compatible with GDOS and G+DOS. "The Complete +D Disassembly" by Rudy Biesma documents the "G+DOS system 2a" version.  An enhanced version called Beta DOS fixed bugs and added features.

In later years a complete new system called UNI-DOS was developed by SD Software for the DISCiPLE and +D interfaces.

The popularity of the DISCiPLE led to the formation of a user group and magazine, INDUG, which later became Format Publications. Usergroups like INDUG/Format in the UK or DISCiPLE-Nieuwsbrief in the Netherlands produced enhancements such as extended printer support.

The +D design was later licensed by Datel and it continued on sale for some years after MGT's demise.  Its design and chips have been released into the public domain and it still remains available commercially or even as a DIY project.

References

External links
 How to build a +D for yourself
 rwapsoftware.co.uk still offer the +D Disk Interface for sale

ZX Spectrum

+D


An Neobouteloua in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Neobouteloua in nahilalakip ha familia nga Poaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Neobouteloua

Neobouteloua


Abdul Kerim-paša (Solun, 1872. – Istanbul, 1923.), osmanski vojni zapovjednik s činom generala-potpukovnika i sudionik Tursko-talijanskog, Balkanskih i Prvog svjetskog rata, u kojem je zapovijedao osmanskim snagama na Kavkaskom i Solunskom bojištu.

Kao zapovjednik u Bitci kod Malazgirta 1915. odnio je u protunapadu pobjedu na ruskim snagama i vratio grad pod osmanski nadzor. Unatoč pobjedi, u protuudaru ruskog generala Nikolaja Judeniča Rusi su osvojili grad, no ubrzo je Kerim-paša brojčanom nadmlći povratio Malazgirt.

Judenič je uzvratio Kerim-paši porazivši ga u Bitci kod Kara Kiliša u sklopu Erzerumske ofenzive. Nakon toga je razriješen dužnosti, ali ne i umirovljen jer je između prosinca 1916. i svibnja 1917. zapovijedao X. korpusom na Solunskom bojištu kao ispomoć Bugarskoj i Njemačkoj. Kasnije je s ostacima korpusa zapovijedao u Mezopotamiji.

Nakon Mudroskog primirja vratio se u Istanbul, u kojem je do smrti bio članom i delegatom u vojnim vijećima i savjetima te članom Vojnog suda.

Životopisi, Grčka
Osmanski vojni zapovjednici u Prvom svjetskom ratu

Abdul Kerim-paša


Alemu Zinash (* 1983) ist eine äthiopische Marathonläuferin.

2002 wurde sie Dritte beim San-Sebastián-Marathon. 2004 folgte einem sechsten Platz beim Rom-Marathon ein Sieg beim Athen-Marathon. 2005 gewann sie den Treviso-Marathon, 2007 den Valencia-Marathon mit ihrer persönlichen Bestzeit von 2:39:08 h. 2008 wurde sie Fünfte in Valencia.

Weblinks

 Athletenporträt von Alemu Zinash bei der IAAF (englisch)
 Athletenporträt bei marathoninfo.free.fr

Marathonläufer (Äthiopien)
Äthiopier
Geboren 1983
Frau

Alemu Zinash


في نظرية الأوتار، هو عبارة عن نموذج في الفيزياء النظرية، كما أن البعد المضغوط compact dimension متكورة على نفسها كما أنها صغيرة جداً (طول بلانك). أي شيء يتحرك من خلال اتجاه هذا البعد سيعود إلى نقطته البداية وغالباً على الفور، والحقيقة بأن ذلك البعد هو أصغر من أصغر جسيم واصغر من طول امواج الضوء المرئية مما يعني بأنه لا يمكن ملاحظته بالوسائل التقليدية.

مراجع

نظرية الأوتار

بعد مضغوط


Samuel Latham Mitchell ( Hempstead,  Nueva York, 20 de agosto de 1764 - Nueva York, Nueva York, 7 de septiembre de 1831) fue un médico, naturalista y político  estadounidense.

Biografía

Nacido en  Hempstead,  Nueva York, en 1786 se doctoró en medicina en la Universidad de Edimburgo, Escocia. A su regreso a Estados Unidos, comenzó a trabajar como médico y completó los estudios de derecho.

Actividad política

Mitchill fue miembro de la Asamblea del estado de Nueva York en 1791 y más tarde en 1798. En 1801 fue elegido para formar parte de la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos como miembro del partido  Demócrata-Republicano. En noviembre de 1804 dejó el puesto que ocupaba y pasó al Senado en representación de Nueva York, permaneciendo en le cargo hasta noviembre de 1809. Al año siguiente regresó como miembro de la Cámara de Representantes hasta marzo de 1813.

En su actividad política mostró especial interés por la mejora de la marina americana. Como miembro de la Asamblea del estado de Nueva York logró financiación para los ensayos con barcos de vapor que Robert Fulton y Robert R. Livingston realizaron en aguas de Nueva York. Desde Washington se preocupó por temas tan variados como la calidad de la pólvora o la mejora de la salud de los marinos.

Durante la  guerra de 1812 formó parte de una comisión del  Departamento de Marina para el desarrollo y mejora de la armada y la defensa de las costas y puertos.

Actividad científica

Entre 1792 y 1801 fue profesor en el Columbia College, dependiente de la Universidad de Columbia, donde impartió clases de química, botánica e historia natural entre 1792 y 1801. En esta época impulsó la creación de The Medical Repository, la primera revista médica de Estados Unidos, de la que fue editor y en la que publicó numerosos artículos, tanto de medicina como de historia natural.

En 1795 expuso una teoría sobre el contagio de enfermedades que, aunque resultó errónea, le permitió descubrir las cualidades anestésicas del óxido nitroso cinco años antes de que las hiciese públicas Humphry Davy.

En 1796 estudió la geología de la cuenca del río Hudson y divulgó sus observaciones en el primer y segundo volumen de The Medical Repository en 1798 y 1799 bajo el título de Sketch of the Mineralogical History of the State of New York.

También desde el punto de vista geológico, Mitchill ofreció en 1815 una detallada explicación del terremoto de Nueva Madrid (Misuri) que se produjo el 16 de diciembre de 1811.

Después de una larga carrera política, en 1813 volvió a dar clases en el New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, dependiente de la Universidad de Columbia, del que había sido uno de sus fundadores.

Entre los múltiples estudios que realizó sobre historia natural destacan los dedicados a la botánica de América, recogidos en el discurso que pronunció en 1813 en la Sociedad Histórica de Nueva York y su texto Fishes of New York (1815), que incluía la descripción de 166 especies de peces de agua dulce y salada y se considera uno de las obras  ictiológicas más importantes de su época.

Fue miembro activo de numerosas sociedades científicas, algunas de las cuales ayudó a fundar. Entre 1797 y 1820 ocupó el cargo de secretario de la American Philosophical Society de Filadelfia y fue presidente de la Sociedad Mineralógica Americana. En 1814 fundó la New York Literary and Philosophical Society, y en 1817, el Lyceum of Natural History of New York (que más tarde se convertiría en la Academia de Ciencias de Nueva York). En 1821 presidió la New York State Medical Society, y en 1826 fundó el Rutgers Medical College en Nueva Jersey y fue su vicepresidente durante los cuatro años que perduró la institución.

Abreviatura

La abreviatura Mitchill se emplea para indicar a Samuel Latham Mitchill como autoridad en la descripción y taxonomía en zoología.

Referencias

Naturalistas de Estados Unidos
Ictiólogos de Estados Unidos
Miembros de la Academia de Ciencias de Baviera
Senadores de Estados Unidos por Nueva York
Miembros de la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos por Nueva York

Samuel Latham Mitchill


In stereochemistry, a stereocenter of a molecule is an atom (center), axis or plane that is the focus of stereoisomerism; that is, when having at least three different groups bound to the stereocenter, interchanging any two different groups creates a new stereoisomer. Stereocenters are also referred to as stereogenic centers.

A stereocenter is geometrically defined as a point (location) in a molecule; a stereocenter is usually but not always a specific atom, often carbon. Stereocenters can exist on chiral or achiral molecules; stereocenters can contain single bonds or double bonds. The number of hypothetical stereoisomers can be predicted by using 2n, with n being the number of tetrahedral stereocenters; however, exceptions such as meso compounds can reduce the prediction to below the expected 2n.

Chirality centers are a type of stereocenter with four different substituent groups; chirality centers are a specific subset of stereocenters because they can only have sp3 hybridization, meaning that they can only have single bonds.

Location
Stereocenters can exist on chiral or achiral molecules. They are defined as a location (point) within a molecule, rather than a particular atom, in which the interchanging of two groups creates a stereoisomer. A stereocenter can have either four different attachment groups, or three different attachment groups where one group is connected by a double bond. Since stereocenters can exist on achiral molecules, stereocenters can have either sp3 or sp2 hybridization.

Possible Number of Stereoisomers
Stereoisomers are compounds that are identical in composition and connectivity but have a different spatial arrangement of atoms around the central atom. A molecule having multiple stereocenters will produce many possible stereoisomers. In compounds whose stereoisomerism is due to tetrahedral (sp3) stereogenic centers, the total number of hypothetically possible stereoisomers will not exceed 2n, where n is the number of tetrahedral stereocenters. However, this is an upper bound because molecules with symmetry frequently have fewer stereoisomers.

The stereoisomers produced by the presence of multiple stereocenters can be defined as enantiomers (non-superposable mirror images) and diastereomers (non-superposable, non-identical, non-mirror image molecules). Enantiomers and diastereomers are produced due to differing stereochemical configurations of molecules containing the same composition and connectivity (bonding); the molecules must have multiple (two or more) stereocenters to be classified as enantiomers or diastereomers. Enantiomers and diastereomers will produce individual stereoisomers that contribute to the total number of possible stereoisomers.

However, the stereoisomers produced may also give a meso compound, which is an achiral compound that is superposable on its mirror image; the presence of a meso compound will reduce the number of possible stereoisomers. Since a meso compound is superposable on its mirror image, the two "stereoisomers" are actually identical. Resultantly, a meso compound will reduce the number of stereoisomers to below the hypothetical 2n amount due to symmetry.

Additionally, certain configurations may not exist due to steric reasons. Cyclic compounds with chiral centers may not exhibit chirality due to the presence of a two-fold rotation axis. Planar chirality may also provide for chirality without having an actual chiral center present.

Configuration
Configuration is defined as the arrangement of atoms around a stereocenter. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) system uses R and S designations to define the configuration of atoms about any stereocenter. A designation of R denotes a clockwise direction of substituent priority around the stereocenter, while a designation of S denotes a counter-clockwise direction of substituent priority.

Chirality Centers
A chirality center (chiral center) is a type of stereocenter. A chirality center is defined as an atom holding a set of four different ligands (atoms or groups of atoms) in a spatial arrangement which is non-superposable on its mirror image. Chirality centers must be sp3 hybridized, meaning that a chirality center can only have single bonds. In organic chemistry, a chirality center usually refers to a carbon, phosphorus, or sulfur atom, though it is also possible for other atoms to be chirality centers, especially in areas of organometallic and inorganic chemistry.

The concept of a chirality center generalizes the concept of an asymmetric carbon atom (a carbon atom bonded to four different entities) to a broader definition of any atom with four different attachment groups in which an interchanging of any two attachment groups gives rise to an enantiomer.

Stereogenic on Carbon
A carbon atom that is attached to four different substituent groups is called an asymmetric carbon atom or chiral carbon. Chiral carbons are the most common type of chirality center.

Stereogenic on Other Atoms
Chirality is not limited to carbon atoms, though carbon atoms are often centers of chirality due to their ubiquity in organic chemistry. Nitrogen and phosphorus atoms can also form bonds in a tetrahedral configuration. A nitrogen in an amine may be a stereocenter if all three groups attached are different because the electron pair of the amine functions as a fourth group. However, nitrogen inversion, a form of pyramidal inversion, causes racemization which means that both epimers at that nitrogen are present under normal circumstances. Racemization by nitrogen inversion may be restricted (such as quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cations), or slow, which allows the existence of chirality.

Metal atoms with tetrahedral or octahedral geometries may also be chiral due to having different ligands. For the octahedral case, several chiralities are possible. Having three ligands of two types, the ligands may be lined up along the meridian, giving the mer-isomer, or forming a face—the fac isomer. Having three bidentate ligands of only one type gives a propeller-type structure, with two different enantiomers denoted Λ and Δ.

Chirality and Stereocenters
As mentioned earlier, the requirement for an atom to be a chirality center is that the atom must be sp3 hybridized with four different attachments. Because of this, all chirality centers are stereocenters. However, only under some conditions is the reverse true. Recall that a point can be considered a sterocenter with a minimum of three attachment points; stereocenters can be either sp3 or sp2 hybridized, as long as the interchanging any two different groups creates a new stereoisomer. This means that although all chirality centers are stereocenters, not every stereocenter is a chirality center.

Stereocenters are important identifiers for chiral or achiral molecules. As a general rule, if a molecule has no stereocenters, it is considered achiral. If it has at least one stereocenter, the molecule has the potential for chirality. However, there are some exceptions like meso compounds that make molecules with multiple stereocenters considered achiral.

See also

 Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules for nomenclature
 Descriptor (chemistry)

References

Stereochemistry

Stereocenter


مي حريري (15 يناير 1968 -)، مغنية لبنانية.

عن حياتها
ولدت لعائلة من جنوب لبنان. أصدرت ثلاث ألبومات حتى الآن وهن «ح سهر عيونه»، «حسن»، و«كوكتيل»، وصورت ثمان أغاني لعل أكثرها نجاحا أغنية «تعالا نرقص سوا» التي صورتها في شاطئ بيروت. إضافة لعملها كمغنية فهي أيضًا تعمل كممثلة. وهي مطلقة من الفنان ملحم بركات.

ألبوماتها

ح سهر عيونه
صدر أول ألبوم لمي حريري عام 2004 بعنوان «ح سهر عيونه» يتضمن الأغاني الثمانية التالية:
 لما قلبي اختار
 ح سهر عيونه
 أما عليك كلام
 وغلاوتي عليك
 أنت أنا
 مع مين
 طمن بالي
 خبيني ياريت

حسن
ألبوم حسن ضم تسع أغنيات:
 حسن
 فلاحة
 يا بتاع الغرام
 حبيبي أنت
 لا تناموا
 حمامة بيضا
 عينك مني
 مع مين
 دنا

عمرى تاني
ألبوم عمرى تاني ضم ثماني أغنيات:
 عمرى تاني
 عشان الخير
 فاكر إيه
 تعالى نرقص
 أسبوع
 يا ماما شو هيدا
 ددى ددى
 شكر وعرفان

المراجع

 صفحة مي حريري في موقع ماي سبيس

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من جنوب لبنان
شيعة لبنانيون
فنانون من جبل عامل
مغنيات لبنانيات في القرن 21
ممثلات لبنانيات في القرن 21
مواليد 1387 هـ
مواليد 1968
مواليد 1972

مي حريري


An Isachne albomarginata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Pieter Jansen. An Isachne albomarginata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Isachne, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Isachne

Isachne albomarginata


AA035 අංකය දරණ පරන්තන් - කාච්චායි - මුලතිව් මාර්ගය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඇති, AA ශ්‍රේණියට අයත් මහා මාර්ගයකි. පරන්තන් සහ මුලතිව් යන නගර සම්බන්ධ කරමින්, මෙම මාර්ගය ඉදි කොට ඇත.

මාර්ගය තෙරවික්කුලම සහ පුදුකුඩිඉරුප්පු යන නගර හරහා ගමන් කරයි.

AA ශ්‍රේණියේ මාර්ග - ශ්‍රී ලංකා

AA035 මාර්ගය (ශ්‍රී ලංකාව)


Gailroth ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Schnelldorf im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Durch das Dorf fließt der Seebach (im Unterlauf Schleifgraben genannt), der ein linker Zufluss der Brettach ist. 0,75 km südwestlich liegt das Eichholz, 1 km nordöstlich das Finsterholz, das zur Schnelldorfer Hardt gehört, die Teil der Frankenhöhe ist.

Die Staatsstraße 2222/L 2222 führt nach Michelbach a.d.Lücke (0,9 km nordwestlich) bzw. zur Anschlussstelle 47 der A 6 (4 km südöstlich) bei Schnelldorf. Gemeindeverbindungsstraßen führen nach Schönbronn zur L 2247 (1,2 km westlich), nach Theuerbronn (1,7 km östlich) und nach Leitsweiler zur St 2247 (0,8 km nördlich).

Geschichte
1424 kaufte Götz von Berlichingen (nicht identisch mit dem bekannten Götz von Berlichingen mit der eisernen Hand) die Güter des Berner von Reisenberg in Gailroth. Im Jahre 1471 wurde erwähnt, dass Gailroth zur Pfarrei Michelbach gehörte. 1581 kam Gailroth bis auf vier hohenlohisch-bartensteinische Untertanen in den Besitz von Hans Georg von Berlichingen. 1601 verkaufte dieser seine Güter an Christoph von Crailsheim zu Walsdorf und dessen Sohn Veit Christoph von Crailsheim. Im Jahre 1631 bekam Graf Georg von Schwarzenberg die Güter des Veit Christoph von Crailsheim vom Kaiser Ferdinand II. verliehen. Während des Dreißigjährigen Krieges verödete der Ort bis auf zwei Anwesen.

Gailroth lag ursprünglich im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Feuchtwangen. Im Jahre 1732 bestand der Ort aus 15 Anwesen. Grundherren waren das Amt Michelbach der Grafschaft Schwarzenberg (11 Anwesen) und das Amt Schnelldorf der Grafschaft Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (4 Höfe). In der Folgezeit wurde Gailroth an das ansbachische Oberamt Crailsheim abgetreten. Es gab zu dieser Zeit 16 Untertansfamilien. Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Crailsheim.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Gailroth dem Steuerdistrikt Wettringen zugeordnet. Wenig später entstand die Ruralgemeinde Gailroth, zu der Leitsweiler, Theuerbronn und Ebethof gehörten. Sie war in Verwaltung und Gerichtsbarkeit dem Landgericht Rothenburg zugeordnet. Die Gemeinde hatte eine Gebietsfläche von 8,648 km². Im Zuge der Gebietsreform wurde Gailroth am 1. Juli 1972 nach Schnelldorf eingemeindet.

Bodendenkmäler
 Rothenburger Landhege

Einwohnerentwicklung
Gemeinde Gailroth

Ort Gailroth

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Peter und Paul (Wettringen) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach Kreuzerhöhung (Schillingsfürst) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Schnelldorf)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Ansbach)
Gemeindeauflösung 1972
Dorf

Gailroth


Soundex, İngilizce'deki keliemelerin teleffuz biçimlerine göre hazırlanmış bir fonetik algoritmadır. Bu algoritmanın hazırlanmasındaki temel amaç; teleffuzları benzeşen kelimelerin bu yolla aynı karakter katarına (string) dönüştürülmeleri ve bu yolla benzer kelimelerin -yazımlarında fark olsa bile- tespit edilmesidir. Bunun yanında Soundex algoritması, fonetik algoritmalardan en bilineni ve en sık kullanılanı olup, bazı çevreler tarafından -yanlış bir şekilde- fonetik algoritma terimiyle aynı anlamda kullanılamaktadır.

Soundex, Robert Russell ve Margaret Odell tarafından geliştirilmiş, U.S. Patenti 1,261,167  ve U.S. Patenti 1,435,663  ile patentlenmiştir. Ayrıca American Soundex ismiyle 1930'lu yıllarda 1890/1920 arası analiz için yapılan bir sayımda kullanılmıştır. Soundex kodlaması ise 1960'larda 'Communications of the ACM', 'Journal of the ACM of the Association for Computing Machinery' gibi bazı makalelere konu olması sebebiyle ünlenmiş ve özellikle 'Donald Knuth's magnum opus', 'The Art of Computer Programming' yazılarında nasıl bir şey olduğu anlatılmıştır.

Soundex kodu ilki bir harf, diğer üçü ise rakamlardan oluşan dört karakterli bir koddur; harf olarak kelimenin ilk harfi, sayı olarak da geri kalan harflerin belirli bir kurala göre numaralandırılmasıyla ortaya çıkan sonuç alınır. Benzer teleffuzlu sözcükler ise aynı numaralarla kodlanır; örneğin, benzer telaffuzlu B, F, P ve V harfleri 1 ile kodlanır. Sesli harfler kodlama işlemini etkiler, ancak bu sesli harf kelimenin başında bulunmuyorsa ortaya çıkan sonucu asla doğrudan etkilemez.

Tam algoritma aşağıdaki gibidir:
 Karakter katarının ilk harfini yakalayın.
 Eğer ilk harf "a, e, h, i, o, u, w, y" harflerinden herhangi biri değilse, bu harfleri metinden silin.
 Sırasıyla tüm harflere aşağıdaki numaralandırmayı yapın;
 b, f, p, v = 1
 c, g, j, k, q, s, x, z = 2
 d, t = 3
 l = 4
 m, n = 5
 r = 6
 Eğer numaralandırmada aynı numarayı almış iki ya da daha fazla harf yan yanaysa (ilk işlemden önce) ya da bu harflerin arasında h veya w harfi varsa (sadece Amerikan sayımında geçerli); aynı olanları atlayın.
 İlk dört karakteri sonuç olarak döndürün; eğer sonuç dört karakterden az çıkıyorsa, dört karakter tamamlanması için sonuna sıfırlar ekleyin. (örn. A22 → A220)

Ulusal Arşiv ve Kayıt Yönetiminin (The National Archives and Records Administration - NARA) US Hükûmeti için koyduğu bu resmi kurallar, hazırlanan standart Soundex algoritmaları için de kullanılmalıdır.

Algoritma kullanılırken; örneğin "Rubin"in kodu R150 iken, "Robert" ve "Rupert" isimleri aynı kodu döndürür; R163.

Farklı Soundex Algoritmaları
Ters (reverse) Soundex adlı farklı bir algoritmada ise, sayıların önüne getirilen harf en baştaki yerine en sondakidir.

The NYSIIS algoritması yine NYSIIS tarafından Soundex algoritmasının geliştirilmiş hâli olarak tanıtıldı. NYSIIS çoklu-karakter n-gram'ları desteğiyle gelir ve bilinen Soundex algoritmalarının aksine, sesli harflerin kelimede nerede bulunduğunu dikkate alarak kodlama yapar.

Celko Güçlendirilmeli Soundex algoritması ise Joe Celko tarafından onun "SQL For Smarties: Advanced SQL Programming" adlı kitabında tanıtılmıştır.

Lawrence Philips, aynı amaçla, Soundex algoritmasının eksiklerine bir cevap gibi hazırlanmış 'Metaphone' algoritmasını geliştirdi. Philips daha sonra Metaphone algoritmasını biraz daha geliştirerek 'Double-Metaphone' adını verdiği bir algoritma daha geliştirdi. Double-Metaphone algoritması, selefinden daha büyük bir kodlama kuralını sistemine ekleyerek Latin alfabesinde bulunmayan karakterleri de desteklemekle birlikte; bu algoritmayı kullananlar arasında İngilizce'deki farklı teleffuzları kullanabilecekler için birincil (primary) ve ikincil (secondary) kodlama sonuçlarını döndürmektedir.

Daitch-Mokotoff Soundex (D-M Soundex) algoritması, bir soy izleme uzmanı olan Gary Mokotoff tarafından geliştirildi ve daha sonraları Alman/Slav soyadlarıyla yapılan bazı karşılaştırmalarda ortaya çıkan sorunlar nedeniyle yine bir soy izleme uzmanı olan Randy Daitch tarafından güçlendirildi. Her ne kadar bazı yazarların hevesini kırsa da D-M Soundex algoritmasına bazı kaynaklarda "Yahudi Soundex'i - Jewish Soundex" ya da "Doğu Avrupa Soundex'i - Eastern European Soundex" ile referans verilebilmektedir. D-M Soundex algoritması, tek bir kelime için birbirinden bağımsız 32 sonuç verebilir. D-M Soundex sonuçları 100000 ile 999999 arasında her türlü sayı formatında olabilir.

Örnek Algoritmalar/Kullanım Şekilleri

Aşağıda Perl programlama dili için hazırlanmış bir fonksiyonu görebilirsiniz. Fonksiyon, kendisine verilen kelimenin Soundex kodunu döndürecektir. (Bunun yanında CPAN üzerindeki Text::Soundex modulünü de kullanabilirsiniz.)

 sub soundex {    # return soundex code
  my($useword) = $_[0];
  my($result) = "0000";
  my($idx,$prev,$perhaps,$thechar);

  $useword =~ tr/ //d;   # rid spaces
  $useword = lc($useword);   # lower-case for consistency
  if (length($useword) < 1) {
    return($result);
  }

  $result = substr($useword,0,1);   # first letter
  $prev = "0";
  $idx = 1;
  while ($idx <= length($useword)) {
    $perhaps = "0";
    $thechar = substr($useword,$idx - 1,1);
    if (index("bfpv",    $thechar) >= 0) { $perhaps = "1"; }
    if (index("cgjkqsxz",$thechar) >= 0) { $perhaps = "2"; }
    if (index("dt",      $thechar) >= 0) { $perhaps = "3"; }
    if (index("l",       $thechar) >= 0) { $perhaps = "4"; }
    if (index("mn",      $thechar) >= 0) { $perhaps = "5"; }
    if (index("r",       $thechar) >= 0) { $perhaps = "6"; }
    if ($perhaps != $prev && $perhaps != "0"
       && $idx != 1)  {   # avoid dups and ignore first
      $result .= $perhaps;
    }
    $prev = $perhaps;
    $idx++;
  } #endwhile

  $result .= "0000";   # pad with zeros to ensure min length
  $result = substr($result,0,4);  # only return first four
  return($result);
 }

...ve Soundex algoritması için PHP ile gelen bir fonksiyon  (PHP3'ten beri desteklenmektedir)

Ayrıca bakınız

 Metaphone
 Miracode

Dış bağlantılar
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090220092548/http://archives.gov/publications/general-info-leaflets/55.html
 Daitch-Mokotoff → http://www.avotaynu.com/soundex.html
 Daitch-Mokotoff → http://www.jewishgen.org/infofiles/soundex.html#DM
 Soundex, Metaphone ve Double Metaphone → http://jakarta.apache.org/commons  codec project
 Anlaşılır klasik Soundex algoritmaları (C, JavaScript, Perl ve VB dilleri için) → http://www.creativyst.com/Doc/Articles/SoundEx1/SoundEx1.htm
 FireBird üzerinde RDBMS → http://www.fbtalk.net/viewtopic.php?id=182
 Dedupe Projesi → http://dedupe.sourceforge.net
 Ruby üzerinde → https://web.archive.org/web/20080416220727/http://rubyforge.org/projects/text/
 Açık kaynak Java üzerinde → http://mfwallace.googlepages.com/soundex.html
 Python üzerinde → http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52213

Bilişimsel dilbilim
Karakter dizileri üzerine algoritmalar
Sesbilim
Örüntü eşleme

Soundex


François Ruph est tour à tour professeur en psychologie, photographe, artiste-peintre, éditeur et conférencier, résidant à Rouyn-Noranda en Abitibi-Témiscamingue au Québec, Canada. Il est reconnu pour son travail photographique sur l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, pour sa participation à la vie artistique de cette région et pour ses travaux universitaires en développement de la métacognition et de l'efficience cognitive chez les adultes et chez les étudiants à l'Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT).

Biographie
François Ruph est né le  à Toulouse, France . Avec une Licence-ès-Lettres, option psychologie, et un Certificat d'études supérieures en neuropsychologie de l'Université de Lyon,  sursitaire et dû pour le service militaire toujours obligatoire en 1969, il opte plutôt pour le service de la coopération. Il est recruté par le Cégep de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue à Rouyn-Noranda, au Québec pour y enseigner la psychologie. Il donne sa démission après trois ans pour se consacrer entièrement à sa vocation récente de photographe et d'artiste-peintre, en alternance avec des contrats en communications.

Passionné de voyages et d'aventures, de 1969 à 1973, il parcourt tout le continent nord-américain durant ses temps libres et ses vacances : l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, le Québec, la Gaspésie, les Rocheuses, Vancouver, le Yukon et l'Alaska, la Louisiane et la Floride. Il découvre toute la côte ouest des États-Unis en auto-stop et parcourt à pied le John Muir Trail dans les Sierras Nevadas. Alpiniste accompli, il retourne en Alaska en 1971 avec une équipe de cinq autres grimpeurs pour l'ascension du Rooster Comb dans le massif de Denali.

L'été 1972, il organise avec Paul Lemay, un canoéiste accompli de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, une descente de la rivière Harricana d'Amos à la Baie James jusqu'à Moosonee en Ontario. Cette expédition sera documentée en photos et en 16 mm. L'année suivante, il en sortira un film: Harricana 1972 qui sera largement diffusé en Europe.

En 1974, il parcourt la France comme cinéaste conférencier dans les circuits Jeune Découverte et Grand Reportage (1975) pour y présenter un spectacle audio-visuel sur le Québec (sélectionné par la Société des explorateurs français).

En 1975, il émigre définitivement au Québec et devient citoyen canadien en septembre 1977. Il doit retourner en France en janvier 1980 près d'un an pour s'occuper de son père malade. À son retour, il s'isole dans la maison-atelier qu'il a construite sur la propriété d'un ami dans un rang du village de Montbeillard, à une trentaine de kilomètres au sud de Rouyn-Noranda, pour se consacrer à la peinture.

En 1989, il fonde le Conseil des artistes en arts visuels de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, dont il assume la présidence les trois premières années. Le CAAVAT fondera à son tour L'Écart, le centre de diffusion et de production en art actuel établi sur la rue Murdoch à Rouyn-Noranda. En 1988-1989, Il organise le 1er Symposium de peinture en Abitibi-Témiscamingue au Centre d'exposition de Rouyn-Noranda.

Après quelques années de vie d'artiste, il retourne progressivement à l'enseignement universitaire en psychologie. Il développe à l'Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue sa propre expertise en développement de la métacognition et autorégulation cognitive et affective de l'apprentissage, et en développement de la créativité. Il prendra sa retraite en 2012. Il s'implique alors de 2013 à 2017 à la maison d'édition régionale, Les Éditions du Quartz et en 2018, il développe, en collaboration avec sa conjointe Louise Bédard et la complicité du personnel du Petit Théâtre du Vieux Noranda, un programme de conférences audiovisuelles sur des aventures ou des voyages inédits réalisés par des gens d'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, à raison de 4 représentations par année. Il en présente lui-même sur des sujets qui l'interpelle: LAfrique du Sud et la Namibie, le Tibet et le bouddhisme tibétain en collaboration avec Julia Morarin, la Route de la soie en Chine et la descente de l'Harricana avec Paul Lemay.

Formation

 1963, Baccalauréat en mathématiques à l'Académie de Lyon.
 1964, Certificat d'études littéraires générales modernes à l'Université de Lyon.
 1968, Licence ès-lettres (option psychologie) à l'Université de Lyon.
 1969, Certificat d'études supérieures en neuropsychologie à l'Université de Lyon.
 1995, Maîtrise en éducation (M.Ed.) à l'Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue.
 1999, Doctorat en andragogie (Ph.D.) à l'Université de Montréal.

Communications

Pendant les premières années de son arrivée dans sa région d'adoption, il occupe différents emplois et réalise des projets dans le secteur des communications.  En 1972, il réalise une vidéo noir et blanc d'une durée de 45 minutes intitulée;  Guérin, Témiscamingue qui présente le concept du Village Vacances Famille de cette petite municipalité du Témiscamingue. En 1973-1974, il est journaliste, chef de pupitre et reporter au service de l'information de Radio-Nord-CKRN à Rouyn-Noranda. Puis en 1975-1976, il est réalisateur d'émissions de radio pour le projet Multi-Média du ministère de l'Éducation du Québec à Rouyn-Noranda et en 1976, il est recherchiste pour trois émissions documentaires sur l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue à Radio-Québec.

Arts visuels

Expositions solos (sélection)
De 1972 à 1989, il expose régulièrement ses peintures dans différents lieux publics un peu partout dans sa région d'appartenance comme ailleurs au Québec.
 1978, Peintures grand format. Centre d'exposition à Rouyn-Noranda.
 1983, Fusains, aquarelles, pastels, acryliques, huiles (grands formats) et photographies. Centre d'exposition à Rouyn-Noranda.
 1986, Sacré blues, portraits et personnages (fusains, aquarelles, pastels, acryliques, huiles), Centre d'exposition, Val-d'Or; Centre d'exposition, Rouyn-Noranda; Centre d'art Rotary, La Sarre; Galerie du Centre socioculturel, Amos.
 1987, Sacré blues, Abstractions et Couleurs d'automne. Galerie des Ateliers APART du sculpteur Jean-Paul Garneau à Lévis.
 1988, Abstractions. Centre d'exposition, Val-d'Or; Centre d'exposition, Rouyn-Noranda.
 1989, Aquarelles inspirées de la flore abitibienne. Centre d'art Rotary, La Sarre.

Expositions de groupe

 1973, Exposition aux Jeux du Québec. Centre d'exposition à Rouyn-Noranda.
 1973, Salon des peintres lyonnais. Palais St-Pierre, Lyon (France).
 1981, Exposition des professeurs en arts plastiques, Nantes (France).
 1982, Artpossible, Centre d'exposition de Val-d'Or.
 1984, Première Biennale de peinture en Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Centre d'exposition à Rouyn-Noranda.
 1986, Deuxième Biennale de peinture en Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Centre d'exposition à Rouyn-Noranda.
 1988, Quatrième Biennale de dessin, peinture et estampe en Abitibi-Témiscamingue : le corps, lieu de l'art. Centre d'exposition à Rouyn-Noranda.
 1989, Premier Symposium de peinture en Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Centre d'exposition à Rouyn-Noranda.
 1988, Les créations d'ici…, 3e édition. Galerie du Centre socio-culturel à Amos.
 1989, Exposition permanente des artistes à la galerie Le Parvis de Jean-Pierre Lafrance, Saint-Hyacinthe.
 1989, Exposition d'été. Galerie Sang-Neuf Art à Palmarolle.
 1989, Deuxième Biennale de peinture canadienne, Montréal, Vieux-Port et Complexe Guy Favreau. Les artistes-peintres créateurs associés du Québec (APCAQ).
 1990, Exposition-vente Collection Loto-Québec. Centre d'Exposition de Val-d'Or.
 1990, 8e Biennale de peinture en Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Centre d'exposition à Rouyn-Noranda.
 1990-1991, Exposition L'arbre, local de la MRC de Rouyn-Noranda.
 1990, Exposition des œuvres du livre Abitibi-Témiscamingue en peinture. Tournée régionale.

Peintures en direct
De 1984 à 1990, il participe à une dizaine d'événements populaires appelés: Les peintures en direct qui sont une adaptation de la formule initiée par François Gourd aux Foufounes électriques à Montréal. D'une durée allant d'une soirée à une fin de semaine complète et elles se terminent par un encan des œuvres produites. Les profits de ces ventes vont à des œuvres caritatives.

Photographie

En 1973, il est photographe de presse pour les Jeux du Québec à Rouyn-Noranda.

De 1978 à 1979, avec le photographe Marc Lemieux, voyant la région de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue se transformer rapidement au détriment de son patrimoine bâti et de ses pionniers, ils entreprennent de fixer sur pellicule un monde social en transition. Pour ce projet intitulé Western Catholique et Klondike québécois, François Ruph et Marc Lemieux parcourent plus de 200 000 kilomètres et réalisent plus de 9 000 photographies documentaires sur l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Il s'associe alors avec Benoit-Beaudry Gourd, historien de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue intéressé à documenter la vie des premiers colons. Ensemble, ils fondent les Productions Abitibi-Témiscamingue inc. (PAT Inc). Ce projet est soutenu par l'ensemble des instances régionales et financé par le Gouvernement du Québec via le ministère des Communications. Durant le déroulement du projet, il a l'occasion de rencontrer et de se nouer d'amitié avec le photographe montréalais Gabor Szilasi, venu également explorer l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue.

De 1979 à1988, il réalise différents contrats de photographie pour les Productions Abitibi-Témiscamingue.

Il photographie notamment des sites patrimoniaux de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue pour le Conseil de la culture de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue pour la fabrication de cartes postales ou des images pour la confection de panneaux historiques du Jardin géologique de Rouyn-Noranda.

Des photos seront publiées dans plusieurs médias nationaux notamment dans la revue Québec Science, le journal La Presse, le magazine de TVA,  le National Post, et les revues Harrowsmith, Humus et Réseau, la revue de l' Université du Québec.

Il collabore avec des auteurs régionaux afin d'illustrer de ses photos plusieurs ouvrages:

 1992, L'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Contrastes, textes de Benoit-Beaudry Gourd, Productions Abitibi-Témiscamingue inc..
 1995, Histoire de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, sous la direction de Odette Vincent, Édition par Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 763 pages,  .
 1999, L'Abitibi centenaire : 1898-1998, textes de Denys Chabot, Société d'histoire et de généalogie de Val-d'Or.  .
 2001, Rouyn-Noranda: Quelle histoire...en photos!: 1926-2001, textes de Jocelyne Saucier, album souvenir du 75e de Rouyn-Noranda.
 2002, L'Abitibi minière, textes de Denys Chabot.  Société d'histoire et de généalogie de Val-d'Or. .
 Un séminariste et son péché, réalisation des photographies d'un photo-roman en 1977, création collective et textes de Jeanne-Mance Delisle, finalement publié aux Éditions du Quartz en 2013, .
 2016, Les Anicinabek, Du bois à l'asphalte, le déracinement des Algonquins du Québec, textes de Marie-Pierre Bousquet, Éditions du Quartz, 335 pages, .

Contrats photos et le cinéma

 1973. Harricana 72, film sur la descente en canot de la rivière Harricana, réalisation Philippe Letourneur et François Ruph, Film 16mm couleur. 27 min. Il sera présenté à la première chaîne de l'ORTF TF1 à l'émission Latitude 101 de François de la Grange et sélectionné pour être présenté au Forum de l'aventure en 1973.
 1978, Photographe de plateau, long métrage L'Hiver bleu d'André Blanchard.
 1984, Photographe de plateau, long métrage Visage Pâle de Claude Gagnon. Productions Yoshimura Gagnon.
 2019, Photos d'époque pour le documentaire Le dernier Nataq de Lisette Marcotte.

Enseignement de la photographie

 1977,  Professeur de photographie au Cégep de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue.
 2000-2007. Cours Lumière et espace, Photo numérique. Département de Création et nouveaux médias. Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue.

Expositions de photos (sélection)
Il a exposé dans plusieurs lieux au cours des ans. En 1981, avec une exposition de photographies sur l'histoire de la région à la Maison Dumulon à Rouyn-Noranda.  En 1983 et 1984, il expose au Cabaret de la dernière chance à Rouyn-Noranda. En 1984-1985, Photo-projections effectue une tournée régionale à la Galerie du Centre socioculturel d'Amos et au Centre d'art Rotary de La Sarre et au Cabaret de la dernière chance à Rouyn-Noranda.  En 1986, Couleurs d'automne, exposition de photographies couleur grand format est présentée au Centre d'exposition de Rouyn-Noranda, à la Salle Augustin Chénier de Ville-Marie et au Cabaret de la dernière chance à Rouyn-Noranda et en 1988 au Centre d'exposition de Val-d'Or.

En 1987, à la Maison de la culture Marie-Uguay de Montréal, il présente l'exposition Western Catholique et Klondike québécois. avec 50 tirages photographiques couleur 11x14 sur la région Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Cette exposition donne aussi lieu à un mois d'événements artistiques consacré à des artistes originaires de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue : L'épopée de Jo Last call par une troupe de théâtre de Val-d'Or, Suzanne Jacob (poésie), Jacques Michel (chanson), Nicole et André-Gilles Duchemin (duo voix et flûte), cinq musiciens virtuoses dont Rémi Boucher et trois films ayant pour sujet cette région du Québec dont, le premier long métrage de Richard Desjardins et Robert Monderie, Comme des chiens en pacage.

L'exposition Western Catholique et Klondike québécois sera aussi présentée au Centre d'exposition de Val-d'Or en 1988 et revisitée beaucoup plus tard, en 2018, à l'occasion du 25e anniversaire de L'Écart, lieu d'Art actuel à Rouyn-Noranda.

Collections nationales
En 2000, à la BAnQ à Rouyn-Noranda, il crée le Fonds François Ruph, où il dépose 5 823 diapositives documentaires sur l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue, couvrant la période de 1970 à 1985. Numérisées en 2012, elles sont accessibles en ligne. Un deuxième dépôt en 2017  de 1 500 photographies noir et blanc et couleurs sur la vie culturelle en Abitibi-Témiscamingue illustre les années 1979 à 1988. Finalement en 2020, il effectue un troisième dépôt de 4 254 photographies documentaires en format numérique prises en Abitibi-Témiscamingue entre 2001 et 2019.

Un Fonds François Ruph de 60 images est aussi ouvert auprès d'Archives Canada, le Réseau canadien d'information archivistique.

Il dépose aussi 232 images sur le site Le monde en images qui est un répertoire visant à répondre au besoin de médias libres de droits pour la fabrication de matériel didactique de qualité.

L'Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue de 1991 à 2009

Après 15 années de vie d'artiste, il retourne progressivement à l'enseignement universitaire en psychologie, chargé de cours (1986-1991), professeur suppléant au département des sciences du comportement (1991-1998), professeur agrégé et professeur titulaire (2005) au département des sciences de l'éducation (1998-2009) de l'Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue.

Il développe sa propre expertise en développement de la métacognition et autorégulation cognitive et affective de l'apprentissage, et en développement de la créativité. Il enseigne pendant dix ans au personnel de nombreuses institutions d'enseignement primaire, secondaire, collégial et universitaire du Québec, au Collège Mathieu de Gravelbourg en Saskatchewan (1999), au Nunavik, dans les communautés inuites d'Ivujivik et de Puvirnituq (2000-2001) et collabore à la formation de formateurs au Québec et en France avec le Centre de recherche, d'éducation et de formation en éducation cognitive (CRÉFEC) et l'Association des intervenants en éducation cognitive.(1992-2007).

La lourdeur de la charge fait en sorte qu'il délaisse la pratique des arts plastiques tout en maintenant celle de la photographie à l'occasion de ses nombreux déplacements et voyages professionnels au Québec et en France. Cependant, à partir de la session de l'automne 2000, il retourne à l'enseignement des arts visuels avec le baccalauréat en multimédia interactif nouvellement créé à l'UQAT par André Blanchard (Entraînement à la créativité et photographie numérique), tout en continuant d'assurer la direction de l'Unité de recherche en éducation cognitive (UREC).

Atelier en efficience cognitive et guide de réflexion sur les stratégies d'apprentissage à l'université
Entre 1992 et 1999, il conçoit, expérimente et développe un cours sur les stratégies d'apprentissage des étudiants sous la forme d'un atelier en efficience cognitive.  Une autre thèse menée auprès des étudiants de l'UQAT  en 2016, confirme les effets de l'atelier en efficience cognitive.

À la demande du service à la clientèle de l'UQAT, il rédige en 2002, un guide destiné aux étudiants en français, accessible également en ligne sur le site de l'UQAT, et pilote son adaptation en langue anglaise en 2006. Le guide est publié par les Presses universitaires du Québec (PUQ) en 2011 dans les deux langues. Le guide est distribué au Canada, en France, en Belgique, en Suisse, en Australie, en Suède et disponible en ligne.

Développement de programmes d'intervention en éducation des adultes à destination des formateurs et formatrices
En 1993, il développe le programme Métacognition et alphabétisation, destiné aux formatrices en alphabétisation du Témiscamingue pour le Service de l'éducation des adultes de la Commission scolaire Lac-Témiscamingue, appuyé par l'Association des parents d'enfants handicapés du Témiscamingue et l'Association des projets éducatifs de Témiscamingue-Sud . En 2000, il pilote la création de deux programmes destinés aux formateurs d'adultes, Apprendre à apprendre, en français et en anglais  et Apprends-moi à apprendre pour le Centre DÉBAT (Développement de l'éducation de base au travail) de Montréal .

Collaboration inter-universitaires

Durant ses quatre dernières années avant sa retraite en 2009, il collabore à trois projets du Fonds de développement académique du Réseau de l'Université du Québec (FODAR) en matière de pédagogie universitaire et jusqu'en 2012 aux travaux de la Société pour l'apprentissage à vie (SAVIE).

Les Éditions du Quartz
En 2013, il devient membre et siège au conseil d'administration et au comité exécutif des Éditions du Quartz, une maison d'édition généraliste coopérative située en Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Il est élu à la présidence en 2014 qu'il assume durant les trois années suivantes. Au cours de ces  années, il supervise ou assure la maîtrise d'œuvre de 9 titres notamment, l'adaptation grand public de la thèse doctorale en anthropologie de Marie-Pierre Bousquet sur la Nation Anicinabe, Les Anicinabek dont il assure la recherche iconographique, le photo-roman Un séminariste et son péché, de Jeanne-Mance Delisle, le roman autobiographique L'odeur de pierre, de Philippe Letourneur, La semeuse de perles (poésie) de Margot Lemire où il assume la direction littéraire et la photographie et le roman Coupable de d'Isabelle Vaillancourt où il assume la maquette de couverture.

Articles et publications
Abitibi-Témiscamingue en peinture: Abitibi-Témiscamingue in Painting, par Jacques de Roussan avec la collaboration de François Ruph, Éditeur: Pointe-Claire : Roussan, 1990, .
Métacognition et alphabétisation : recommandations générales aux formateurs et aux formatrices en alphabétisation en vue d'une pédagogie axée sur le développement des stratégies d'apprentissage et de résolution de problèmes et de la métacognition, François Ruph, Commission scolaire Lac-Témiscamingue, Service de l'éducation des adultes, 1991.
Les effets d'un programme particulier d'éducation cognitive, l'Atelier d'efficience cognitive, sur le changement des stratégies d'apprentissage d'étudiants universitaires, François Ruph, Thèse de doctorat (Ph.D.) en andragogie, Université de Montréal, 1999.
Apprendre à apprendre. Atelier d'éducation cognitive à l'usage des formateurs d'adultes pour la médiation des stratégies d'apprentissage, Louise Lemieux, Jean Lemay, Nathalie Sévigny et François Ruph, UREC-UQAT, 2000, 258 pages,
 Atelier d'efficience cognitive à l'UQAT, Site Réussite, Montréal : Réseau de l'Université du Québec, 2002.

 Les effets perçus d'un atelier d'efficience cognitive sur le changement de stratégies d'apprentissage d'étudiants universitaires, François Ruph et Mohamed Hrimech, Revue des sciences de l'éducation, 2001.
 Learning to learn. Cognitive education workshop for use by trainers of adults for learning strategies mediation, Louise Lemieux, Jean Lemay, Nathalie Sévigny et François Ruph, UREC-UQAT, 2006, 204 pages,  .
 Apprends-moi à apprendre. Atelier d'éducation cognitive à l'usage des formateurs et des intervenants œuvrant auprès des familles, Marie-Claude Gagné, Louise Lemieux et François Ruph, Montréal, Centre DÉBAT, 2006, 295 pages,.
 Une aide au développement de la métacognition. L'atelier d'efficience cognitive, François Ruph, revue Québec français, 2006.
 Formation et soutien à l'enseignement universitaire: Des constats et des exemples pour inspirer l'action, sous la direction de Louise Langevin, Chapitre 7, La pédagogie dans une petite université en région: Le cas de l'Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)                        par François Ruph et Hélène Bilodeau, (pp. 175-184), Éditeur, Presses de l'Université du Québec , 2007.
 Le questionnement et la réflexivité, Louise Villeneuve, Jeannette Leblanc, François Ruph et Louise Lemieux, Édition Accompagner des étudiants.  Bruxelles, De Boeck Supérieur, 2010.
 Guide de réflexion sur les stratégies d'apprentissage à l'université, François Ruph, Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2011, 80 pages,
 Guide to reflective thinking on University Learning Strategies, François Ruph, Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2011, 80 pages, .

Prix

 Prix 2000 de l'Association pour l'éducation permanente dans les universités du Canada (CAUCE-AEPUC).
 1989, Premier prix « aquarelle », Grand prix de peinture canadien, 2e Biennale, Montréal, Vieux-Port et Complexe Guy Favreau. Les artistes-peintres créateurs associés du Québec (APCAQ). Prix décerné par René Huyghe de l'Académie française, historien d'art, ex-directeur des collections de peinture au Musée du Louvre à Paris.

Liens externes

Notes et références

Photographe canadien du XXIe siècle
Université du Québec
Naissance à Toulouse
Photographe québécois
Photographe canadien du XXe siècle
Photographe social
Professeur québécois
Professeur à l'Université du Québec
Universitaire canadien du XXe siècle
Universitaire canadien du XXIe siècle
Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Professeur au cégep de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue

François Ruph


O asa-de-telha-pálido ou asa-de-telha-do-nordeste (Agelaioides fringillarius) é uma espécie de ave da família dos icterídeos endêmica do Brasil, ocorrendo em áreas de Caatinga e Cerrado. Foi descrito originalmente em 1824 por Johann Baptist von Spix no estado de Minas Gerais. Atualmente é colocado no gênero Agelaioides, mas tradicionalmente era colocado no gênero Molothrus. Anteriormente, era considerado coespecífico com o asa-de-telha-escuro (Agelaioides badius), com as espécies combinadas formam o grupo dos asas-de-telha.

Fauna endêmica do Brasil
Aves do Brasil
Aves da Caatinga
Aves descritas em 1824

Asa-de-telha-pálido


හුදෙකලා වූ ආර්ථික ජීවිතය සහ අධ්‍යාපනය

සාමාන්‍ය ජීවිතයේ බොහෝ අංශයන් තුලින් සමාන සහභාගීත්වයෙන් කළු ජාතිකයන් ඉවත් කිරිමට අමතරව සුදු ජාතිකයන් විසින් ආර්ථික කටයුතුවලදී කළු ජාතිකයන් ඉතා පහත් තත්වයක තබා ගන්නා ලදී. වසංගත වලින් විශාල විනාශයක් සිදු වීමෙන් පසු සහ 19 වෙනි ශත වර්ෂයේ අග භාගයේ ඇතිවූ මූල්‍ය දුෂ්කරතාවයන් හේතුවෙන් කළු ජාතික ගොවීන් කුලී වැඩකාරයන් ලෙස හෝ හවුල් අස්වැන්න එකතු කරන්නන් ලෙස දාසයන් සේ දකුණු ප්‍රදේශයන්හි වැඩ කළහ. රැකියාවල යොදවන්නන් සහ කම්කරු සංගම් සාමාන්‍ය වශයෙන් අප්‍රිකානු අමෙරිකන්වරු අඩු වැටුප් ගෙවන රැකියාවල හෝ ප්‍රියමනාප නොවන රැකියාවල යෙදවීම සීමා කළහ. හොඳ වැටුප් ගෙවන රැකියාවල හිඟය නිසා දුම්රිය නිදන මැදිරි වල සහ හෝටල්වල දොරටුපාල වැනි නොවැදගත් තනතුරු කළු ප්‍රජාව අතර නම්බුකාර රැකියාවල් විය.

ආර්ථික සමාජයේ බොහෝ ක්ෂේත්‍රවලින් අප්‍රිකා-අමෙරිකානුන් ඉවත් කළ ජිම් ක්‍රෝ ක්‍රමයෙහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් වූයේ එසේ වෙනසකට භාජනය කළ කොටස් අතර ප්‍රබල, ශක්තිමත් ආර්ථික සමාජයක් නිර්මාණය වීමයි. උතුර පුරාම කළු ජාතික පුවත් පත් ආරම්භ විය. මේ අතර රක්ෂණ ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ සහ අවමංගල්‍ය කටයුතු කෙරෙන ආයතන වල කලු ජාතික හිමි කරුවෝ ප්‍රමාණයටත් වඩා විශාල බලයක් ආර්ථික හා දේශපාලන නායකයින් වශයෙන් හිමි කර ගත්හ.

අධ්‍යාපනය, තම ජාතිය සම්බන්ධයෙන් ඉතා වැදගත් සහ දියුණුවේ ප්‍රධාන මාවතක් ලෙස සළකා බොහෝ දක්ෂතා ඇති කලු ජාතිකයින් ගරු කටයුතු රැකියාවක් ලෙස ඉහලින් සැළකුණු ගුරු වෘත්තියට ඇතුළත් වූහ. කලු ජාතිකයින් සඳහා දකුණේ වෙන් වූ පාසැල් වලට ප්‍රතිපාදන ලැබුනේ අඩුවෙනි. එමෙන්ම ගම්බද ප්‍රදේශවල පාසැල් ක්‍රියාත්මක වූයේ කෙටි කරන ලද කාල සීමාවන් තුලයි. වොෂින්ටනයේ මෙම වෙන් කිරිම පැවතියේ වුවද ඊට වෙනස් ව ෆෙඩරල් රජයේ සේවකයන් ලෙසට සුදු සහ කලු ජාතික ගුරුවරු දෙපාර්ශවයටම එකම වැටුප් තලයක් ගෙවන ලදි. උතුරේ විශිෂ්ඨ කලු ජාතික ගුරුවරු උසස් උපාධි ලබා ගෙන අනාගත නායකයින් පුහුණු කල චිකාගෝ, වොෂින්ටන් සහ නිව්යොර්ක් වැනි නගරවල විශිෂ්ට යයි සම්මත වූ විදුහල්වල ගුරු වෘත්තියෙහි යෙදුනාහ.

ඇත්ත වශයෙන්ම 19 වෙනි ශත වර්ෂයේදි කළු ජාතිකයන් ලබා ගත් ප්‍රධාන විජයග්‍රහණයන්ගෙන් එකක් වූයේ අධ්‍යාපනයයි. ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ රජයන්හි කළු ජාතිකයින් දකුණේ සෑම ජනපදයකම අධ්‍යාපන ආයතන පවත්වාගෙන යාමේදි සහයෝගය දී තිබුනි.
දුෂ්කරතාවයන් තිබුනේ වුවද අධ්‍යාපන නිදහස සඳහා අති විශාල උනන්දුවක් සහ කැපවීමක් තිබුණු බැවින් 1900 පමණ වන විට අප්‍රිකා අමෙරිකන් ප්‍රජාව විසින් අප්‍රිකා අමෙරිකානු ගුරුවරු 30000 ක් පුහුණු කර දකුණේ සේවයට යොදවන ලදී.
ඊට අමතරව කලු ජාතික ජනගහණයෙන් වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් සාක්ෂරතාවය ලබා ගත්හ. සියලුම ගුරුවරුන්ට සම්පූර්ණ අවුරුදු 4 ක උසස් අධ්‍යාපන ආයතන උපාධි ඒ කාලයේ නොතිබුනි. එහෙත් උතුරේ සහ දකුණේ මුලු ප්‍රදේශයේම නව ප්‍රජාවට සේවය කිරීමට සාමාන්‍ය පාසැල්වල තිබුණු කෙටි කාල සීමාවන් ගුරුවරුන් පුහුණු කිරීමේ ක්‍රමයේ කොටස් විය. ළමයින් සහ වැඩිහිටියන් බොහෝ ප්‍රමාණයක් මෙම අප්‍රිකා-අමෙරිකානු ගුරුවරුන් විසින් අධ්‍යාපන කටයුතු සඳහා යොමු කරවීම ආරම්භ කර තිබුණි.

අප්‍රිකානු - අමෙරිකන් ගුරුවරුන්ට ඉගැන්වීමට මෙන්ම වෙනත් වෘත්තිමය පන්ති නිර්මාණය කිරීමට උතුරු සන්ධානයන් සාමාන්‍ය පාසැල් වලට සහ උසස් අධ්‍යාපන ආයතන වලට මුදල් ප්‍රතිපාදන සපයමින් උදව් කර තිබුණි. අප්‍රිකන්-අමෙරිකානුන් අධ්‍යාපන කටයුතු සඳහා මෙම ඓතිහාසික කළු උසස් අධ්‍යාපන ආයතන හා විශ්ව විද්‍යාල කරා පැමිණියහ. ශත වර්ෂය ආරම්භ වීමෙන් පසු කළු මිනිසුන් සහ ගැහැණුන් ඔවුන්ගේම අභිවෘද්ධිය පිණිස සමාන අදහස් වලින් යුක්ත සමාජයක් සහ ස්ත්‍රී පක්ෂයේ යහපත සඳහා කැපවුණු සමාජයක් ආරම්භ කිරීමට කටයුතු යෙදුවේ ජීවිතාන්තය දක්වා සේවයක් සහ සහයෝගිතාවය සඳහා වැඩ පිළිවෙලවල් ජාලයක් නිර්මාණය කිරීමේ අදහසිනි.

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement_%281896-1954%29#Segregated_economic_life_and_education

ඇමෙරිකානු සිවිල් අයිතිවාසිකම් ව්‍යපාරය-හුදෙකලා වූ ආර්ථික ජීවිතය සහ අධ්‍යාපනය


Područna nogometna liga Rijeka – Prvi razred, također i kao Prvi razred Područne nogometne lige Rijeke; Područna liga Rijeka – 1. razred; Područna liga Rijeka (Prvi razred) je bila liga petog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1973./74.
Sudjelovalo je 12 klubova, a prvak je bio "Borac" iz Bakra.

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Riječko-pulska zona 1973./74.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Oskar Valenčić, Slavko Gržinić: Zlatni pir Nogometnog kluba "Klana" : [1931-1981], Rijeka, 1981., UDK: 796.332::061.2(497.13 Klana)"1931/1981", str. 144
 Niko Cvjetković: "SD "Borac" Bakar : 1920-1990.", Bakar, 1990., UDK:796(497.13 Bakar)"1920/1990", str. 242-248
 kvarnerski.com, RIJEČKI NOGOMET 1970.-1982. (SPORT jučer&danas – 3), objavljeno 22. rujna 2013., pristupljeno 25. prosinca 2019.
 kvarnerski.com, SAMO NA KVARNERSKOM: NOGOMET RIJEKE i OKOLICE dio 1. (1945-1991), objavljeno 25. srpnja 2013., pristupljeno 25. prosinca 2019.

1973-74 1
Rijeka-1
1973-74 Rijeka

Područna nogometna liga Rijeka – 1. razred 1973./74.


UFO 2: Flying —a veces conocido simplemente como UFO 2 o Flying— es el segundo álbum de estudio de la banda británica de hard rock y heavy metal UFO, publicado en 1971 por Beacon Records. Además, es la última producción con el guitarrista Mick Bolton, que tras la gira promocional se retira de la agrupación.

El disco solo cuenta con cinco canciones de las cuales «Star Storm» y «Flying» son las más largas que la banda ha escrito en toda su historia. Como dato, este último tema termina con un backmasking del poema «Gunga Din» del escritor Rudyard Kipling.

Lista de canciones
Todas las canciones escritas por UFO.

Músicos
 Phil Mogg: voz
 Mick Bolton: guitarra eléctrica
 Pete Way: bajo
 Andy Parker: batería

Referencias

Álbumes de UFO
Álbumes de 1971
Álbumes de hard rock
Álbumes en inglés

UFO 2: Flying


العولة يطلق هذا المصطلح على كل مخزون غذائي من أصل نباتي، سواء بخزنه خاما كالحبوب أو التمر، أو بتحويله إلى مواد نصف جاهزة للاستهلاك.
 ففي شمال البلاد التونسية يقع تخزين الحبوب أو تحويلها كأن يقع تحويل القمح إلى دقيق أو كسكسي أو محمص أو بسيسة أو غيرها. أما الشعير فيرحى في شكل خشن وتصنع منه الشربة.
 وفي الوطن القبلي، يقع تحويل الفلفل إلى مسحوق أو إلى هريسة، بينما في الجنوب يصنع منه الهروس.
 وفي الساحل التونسي يقع التعويل من الزيتون المخلل وزيت الزيتون والصابون... وكذلك في منطقة صفاقس بالإضافة إلى التعويل من اللوز لصنع الحلويات...
 وفي الجنوب : كان سكان الواحات بنفزاوة والجريد يقومون بتخزين التمور أو بعض منتوجات الواحة من شعير أو المشماش المجفف المسمى الفرماس. وفي منطقة جبل مطماطة يقع تخزين التمور أو الشعير أو التين المجفف المسمى الغربوز.

وتشترك كل مناطق البلاد التونسية تقريبا في إعداد البهارات من تابل وكروياء ورأس حانوت.

وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن هذه العادات الغذائية قد تراجعت في العقود الأخيرة أمام استعمال الثلاجة وتوفر المواد الغذائية في المحلات التجارية المختلفة وخروج المرأة إلى العمل.
وتنظم مدينة برج العامري مهرجاناً دوري اسمه المهرجان المحلي « للعولة » ببرج العامري.

المراجع

تراث شعبي تونسي
مطبخ تونسي

عولة


Hans Fabian Wullenweber (født 24. maj) er en dansk filminstruktør, manuskriptforfatter og filmproducent.

Wullenweber er uddannet fra Den Danske Filmskole i 1997. Hans første spillefilm var "Klatretøsen "(2002), der udover at blive en stor kommerciel succes indbragte ham en Robert for bedste børne- og familiefilm. I 2004 blev filmen genindspillet i Hollywood med titlen " Catch That Kid" med Kristen Stewart (Twilight) i hovedrollen.

Han har senere instrueret spillefilm som art-house dramaet "Tvilling" (2003), den psykologiske gyser "Cecilie " (2007), ungdoms musicalen "Bora Bora " (2011) samt dramakomedien " NInna " (2019). Ved siden af de 5 spillefilm har Wullenweber instrueret 9 afsnit af tv-serien "Forbrydelsen", 2 afsnit af " Livagterne " samt konceptueret og instrueret 47 afsnit af de senere års største danske tv-serie succes TV 2´s " Badehotellet " (2013-2020).

Eksterne henvisninger

Filminstruktører fra Danmark
Personer fra Roskilde

Hans Fabian Wullenweber


An Pycreus curvibracteatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Ethirajalu Govindarajalu, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni P.Singh och Vijendra Singh. An Pycreus curvibracteatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pycreus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pycreus

Pycreus curvibracteatus


Silvia Șerbescu (n. 27 ianuarie 1903 – d. 22 aprilie 1965) a fost o pianistă română. A fost printre primii pianiști clasici importanți produși de școala română de pian; interpretările date de ea compozițiilor lui Rahmaninov, Prokofiev și Debussy sunt memorabile. A fost și un distins pedagog al pianului, profesor la Conservatorul din București (1948–1965).

Biografie

Silvia Șerbescu s-a născut într-o familie de intelectuali. Tatăl ei, Gheorghe Chelaru, era profesor de latină, greacă și română la Liceul Gheorghe Lazăr din București. Era, de asemenea, preceptor al principelui Nicolae și al principesei Maria, copiii regelui Ferdinand și ai reginei Maria. Mama ei, Eliza Bunescu, era fiica lui Ioan Bunescu și nepoata lui Gheorghe Ionescu, ambii compozitori de muzică corală.

A început studiile muzicale la Academia Regală de Muzică, devenită mai târziu Conservatorul de Muzică, din București: pian cu Constanța Erbiceanu, armonie și contrapunct cu Dumitru Georgescu-Kiriac și Alfonso Castaldi. Simultan, a obținut licența în matematică la Universitatea din București. În continuare, a studiat la École normale de musique din Paris, cu Lazare Lévy și Alfred Cortot, obținând o licence de concert cu distincție.

Debutul în București, cu Concertul pentru pian Nr. 1 de Liszt (1928), urmat de un recital un an mai târziu, a fost perceput ca senzațional. George Breazul scria: "... Silvia Șerbescu pășește în viața muzicală românească, răspunzând superlativ aspirațiilor noastre muzicale." Constanța Erbiceanu considera arta Silviei Șerbescu drept "sinteză a gândirii masculine și a sensibilității feminine." Mâinile mari și expresive ale Silviei, asemănătoare cu ale Clarei Schumann, ar putea fi explicația anatomică a "caracterului monumental al interpretărilor ei, a senzației de spațiu, de orizonturi larg deschise", a menționat muzicologul Iosif Sava când a încercat să-i caracterizeze stilul pianistic. În plus, o implicare autentică, existențială, în interpretare ar putea explica impresia puternică pe care ea o făcea asupra publicului.

Silvia Șerbescu a dat concerte și recitaluri în Cehoslovacia, Finlanda, Franța, Italia, Iugoslavia, Polonia, Suedia, Uniunea Sovietică, Turcia, colaborând cu dirijori renumiți ca Nikolai Anosov, Ernest Ansermet, Paavo Berglund, Sergiu Comissiona, Aleksandr Gauk, George Georgescu, Václav Neumann, Ionel Perlea, Constantin Silvestri și mulți alții. În anii 1955–1957 a fost numită solistă a Filarmonicii "George Enescu" din București, cu care a concertat în Cehoslovacia și Uniunea Sovietică.

Un punct culminant în cariera Silviei Șerbescu a fost seria de recitaluri din 1962 în care a interpretat cele două caiete cu 24 de Preludii de Debussy, cu ocazia centenarului nașterii compozitorului. A colaborat și cu George Enescu, al cărui autograf pe programul recitalului lor din 29 decembrie 1942 este dedicat "Partenerei mele atât de remarcabile din această seară, admirație și respect".

Începând din 1948 până la decesul ei în 1965 a fost profesor de pian la Conservatorul din București. Mulți dintre elevii săi, ca Sanda Bobescu, Mihai Brediceanu, Lavinia Coman, Constantin Ionescu-Vovu, Theodor Paraschivescu, Liana Șerbescu, Georgeta Ștefănescu-Barnea, Alexander Șumski, Sever Tipei și alții au avut cariere semnificative. Pentru calitățile ei muzicale și umane, Iosif Sava a numit-o "unul dintre cei mai iubiți profesori". Un bust al Silviei Șerbescu, sculptat de Gheorghe D. Anghel, se află în sala principală a Conservatorului.

Silvia Șerbescu a fost căsătorită cu inginerul Florian Șerbescu; fiica lor, Liana Margareta, este de asemenea pianistă. Silvia Șerbescu a decedat în București, la 22 aprilie 1965.

Repertoriu

Repertoriul Silviei Șerbescu cuprindea compoziții de Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Liszt, Debussy, Ravel, Busoni, Respighi, Enescu, De Falla, Albeniz și, cu mențiune specială, Rahmaninov și Prokofiev. Ea a interpretat în premieră în România Rapsodie pe o temă de Paganini de Rahmaninov, Fantezie indiană de Busoni, Nopți în grădinile Spaniei de De Falla, Toccata pentru pian și orchestră de Respighi, Concertele pentru pian Nr. 2 și Nr. 3 de Prokofiev și Concertul pentru pian pentru mâna stângă de Ravel. A fost printre primii pianiști care au interpretat foarte dificila Sonată Op. 24 Nr. 1 în fa diez minor de George Enescu.

Înregistrări

Numai câteva din înregistrările făcute de Silvia Șerbescu au supraviețuit.
 Prokofiev: Concert pentru pian și orchestră Nr. 3 în do major, Orchestra simfonică a Uniunii Sovietice, dirijor Nikolai Anosov. Electrecord, București, 1956 (ECD 22).
 Silvia Șerbescu: Recital: Muzică spaniolă. Electrecord, București, 1967 (ECC 866).
 Silvia Șerbescu: Recital: Albeniz, Debussy, Rahmaninov, Prokofiev. Casa Radio, București, 2004 (CD).
 Debussy 150. Casa Radio, București, 2012 (CD).
 Silvia și Liana Șerbescu: Bach și Respighi. Electrecord, București, 2014 (EDC 1108-1109).

Premii și distincții

 Premiile Dini Poenaru-Căplescu și Paul Ciuntu (1924)
 Ordinul Meritul Cultural (1943)
 Premiul de Stat al Republicii Populare Române (1955)
 Artist emerit (1955)

Referințe

Bibliografie

 Lavinia Coman: Rememorare – Silvia Șerbescu – 50 de ani de posteritate, Revista MUZICA, Nr. 3–4, 2015 (accesat la 4 mai 2017).
 Viorel Cosma: Muzicieni români - Lexicon, Editura Muzicală a Uniunii Compozitorilor, București, 1970.
 Viorel Cosma: Muzicieni din România - Lexicon, Vol. I, Editura Muzicală, București, 1989.
 Viorel Cosma: Muzicieni din România - Lexicon, Vol. IV, Editura Muzicală, București, 2001.
 Iosif Sava și Florian Șerbescu: Silvia Șerbescu: ghid biografic, Editura Muzicală, București, 1976.

Lectură suplimentară

 Liliana Alexandrescu: Ontmoetingen voorbij de tijd – Silvia Șerbescu (1903-1965) op CD, Roemenië Bulletin, Oct. 2005, pp. 41-43.
 Romeo Alexandrescu: Spicuiri critice din trecut, Editura Muzicală a Uniunii Compozitorilor, București, 1970, pp. 193-194.
 Theodor Bălan: Însemnări. Silvia Șerbescu, în Muzica, 10/1965, p. 33.
Emanoil Ciomac: Pagini de cronică muzicală 1939-1958, vol. II, Editura Muzicală, București, 1980, pp. 8, 141, 223-224, 251-252.
 Lavinia Coman: Silvia Șerbescu – unsere erste Pianistin, în Constanța Erbiceanu. O viață dăruită pianului, Editura Meronia, București, 2005, pp. 141–167.
 Lavinia Coman: Silvia Șerbescu – un model pedagogic, în Mari interpreți, mari pedagogi, mari compozitori, U.N.M.B., București, 2008.
 Octavian Lazăr Cosma: Simfonicele Radiodifuziunii Române, Casa Radio, București, 1999, pp. 55, 70, 92, 110, 120, 155, 177, 214, 245, 258, 608, 619, 625, 634, 642, 650, 674, 675, 678, 691, 692, 698, 701, 707, 710.
 Octavian Lazăr Cosma: Filarmonica din București în reflectorul cronicii muzicale, Editura  Muzicală, București, 2003.
 Octavian Lazăr Cosma: Universitatea Națională de Muzică din București la 140 de ani, Editura U.N.M.B., București, 2010-2014, vol. 3, p. 4.
 Viorel Cosma: Filarmonica "George Enescu" din București (1868-1968), București, 1968, pp. 76, 155, 162, 165, 172, 177, 180, 182, 185, 187, 193, 206, 209, 213, 214, 216, 218, 224, 228, 231, 235, 238, 240, 243, 245, 248, 252, 255, 264, 285.
 Alexandru Dumitrescu: Silvia Șerbescu – pianist și pedagog, în Personalități marcante ale vieții muzicale românești, U.N.M.B., București, 2013.
 Angela Fogg: Silvia Serbescu plays Albeniz, Debussy, Rachmaninov and Prokofiev, în Piano Journal nr. 84, 2007, p. 39.
 Alfred Hoffman: Repere Muzicale, Editura Muzicală a Uniunii Compozitorilor, București, 1974, p. 452.
 Catherine Imbert: L'École Roumaine de Piano, Piano, nr. 9, 1995–96, pp. 107, 108, 111.
 Constantin Ionescu-Vovu: Silvia Șerbescu – modestia in fața artei, în Iosif Sava: Teritorii Muzicale Românesti, Editura Eminescu, București, 1980, pp. 72-79.
 Christo Lelie: Interview met Liana Șerbescu, EPTA Bulletin, martie 2015, pp. 11-28.
 Romulus Orchis: 1922-1942, Douăzeci de ani de activitate muzicală – in lumina programelor "Filarmonicei", București, 1942, pp. 28, 40, 46, 51, 58, 68, 72, 76, 90, 100. Conservatorul "Ciprian Porumbescu" 1864-1964, Editura Muzicală a Uniunii Compozitorilor din R.P.R., București, 1964, pp. 165-166.
 Liliana Rădulescu: Permanențe ale pianisticii românești, în Școala muzicală românească – 140 de ani de împliniri, U.N.M.B., București, 2004.
 Liliana Rădulescu: Evocări, Melos, București, iunie 2005, pp. 26-27.
 Lavinia Tomulescu: Profesoara noastră, în Muzica 10/1965, pp. 37-38.

Legături externe

 Silvia Șerbescu la Radio România Muzical (accesat la 4 octombrie 2016).

Nașteri în 1903
Decese în 1965
Pianiste din România
Profesori români de pian
Pianiști clasici
Laureați ai Premiului de Stat
Artiști emeriți ai Republicii Populare Romîne și ai Republicii Socialiste România
Decorați cu Ordinul Meritul Cultural

Silvia Șerbescu


The Bank of America Corporate Center is an 871 ft (265 m) skyscraper in Uptown Charlotte, North Carolina.  Designed by Argentine architect César Pelli and HKS Architects, and best known as the headquarters of the namesake Bank of America, it has been the tallest building in North Carolina since its 1992 construction, and is the 56th tallest building in the United States as well as the 174th-tallest building in the world.

Sometimes locally referred to as the "Taj McColl" after former Bank of America CEO Hugh McColl, who was responsible for the tower's construction, on a clear day the tower is visible to the naked eye from  away.

Amenities

Ben Long Frescoes
Located in the Corporate Center's lobby are three frescoes that measure  each and are the largest secular fresco in the United States. Created by North Carolinian artist Ben Long and a team of nine artists, the frescoes were completed in approximately four months in 1992. The three frescoes are a triptych, three related works, which was inspired by Shingon. The first panel Making/Building, on left, depiction of the construction of the Corporate Center. A row of workers holding golden spades appear at the bottom, while at the top is another worker, a leader, holds a spade as he gazes into the distance towards a figure asleep on the hill. The second panel Chaos/Creativity, at center, depicts a jostling crowd of figures of various occupations, while a circle of six nude figures spin above the crowd, creating a contrast. The third panel Planning/Knowledge, on right, is a portrait of a young boy, geometric shapes, a pyramid, people in the lower-left corner in a discussion, a dancing girl, and a figure sitting by a burning tree.

Blumenthal Performing Arts Center

Connected to the Corporate Center, along East 5th Street, the Blumenthal Performing Arts Center contains three performance halls: Belk Theater, Booth Playhouse, and Stage Door Theater.

Founders Hall

Connected to the Corporate Center, Founders Hall is a large vaulted atrium that features red-brown marble floors and a water fountain. Ringed around it are two levels of retail and restaurants, which are part of the Overstreet Mall, and is connected by skybridges to neighboring Bank of America Center, One South at The Plaza, and Truist Center.

History

Announcement
On Wednesday, December 10, 1986, North Carolina National Bank announced that it would construct what would become the Corporate Center. Jointly developed with Charter Properties, the project was initially announced as a 50 story tower to be constructed with a 350-room hotel and what would become the North Carolina Blumenthal Performing Arts Center. The initial design for the 50 story tower was created by Charlotte-based Odell Associates. Its design featured a circular tower complete with a Greek cross lying flat on top to pay homage to the intersection of Trade and Tryon.

Additionally, its construction resulted in the demolition of an entire city block bound by North Tryon, East Trade, North College and East 5th Streets. The most notable buildings lost in its construction were the Belk department store, constructed in 1908, along East Trade and the Efird's department store, constructed in 1922, on North Tryon.

Design competition

On Monday, July 20, 1987, NCNB announced Lincoln Property as a general partner for the project. With the development team set, the process of hiring an architect of the project commenced in August 1987.

The architectural firms that competed for the job included:
 I.M. Pei of New York City
 Skidmore, Owings and Merrill of Chicago
 Cesar Pelli & Associates of New Haven, Connecticut
 HKS Architects of Dallas
 John Burgee Architects of New York City
 WZMH Group of Dallas
 Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates of New York City

On Friday, September 25, 1987, the Cesar Pelli design was announced by NCNB Chairman Hugh McColl as being selected for the project. Additionally at the press conference it was revealed that the tower would be between 55-60 stories tall, sheathed in granite and be officially named the NCNB Corporate Center.

After winning the contract, its design was unveiled eight months later to the public on Tuesday, June 14, 1988. The final design was the 60 floor tower seen today. It features a  granite base along North Tryon Street followed by a facade of rosy beige granite and silver glass rising complete with curved sides. The tower gradually tapers through a series of six setbacks at the 13th, 44th and 53rd floors on the corners and at the 47th, 56th and 60th floors on the face as it reaches the tip of its crown  above Tryon Street.

Construction

On Tuesday, January 3, 1989, demolition commenced on the block where the tower would eventually rise. The demolition work would take just over seven months to complete before excavation could commence. Site preparation would continue from August through November. During the excavation for the foundation, contractors found threads and flakes of gold embedded within pieces of granite removed from the site. The discovery was not unexpected as Charlotte was the center of America's first gold rush during the 1830s.

On November 19, 1989, the initial concrete pour was completed signaling the beginning of actual construction.
The mat foundation consists of a thick slab containing  of concrete and 150 tons of reinforcing steel at the center of the tower. The foundation reaches  below Tryon Street at its deepest point with the tower being supported by 36 concrete and steel piers. These piers are able to withstand the 150,000 pounds of pressure per square foot placed upon them by the 300 million pound structure.

After only a couple of months, construction was temporarily halted after Hurricane Hugo slammed Charlotte with  winds causing some damage on-site on Friday, September 22, 1989.

By November 1990, the tower had reached its 30th floor and as a result had risen to being the 5th tallest within Charlotte. On Wednesday, March 20, 1991, the tower officially became both Charlotte's and North Carolina's tallest when it reached a height of  at its 47th floor to surpass the  tall One First Union Center. The tower was officially topped-out on Wednesday, October 2, 1991 with the final concrete pour completed. From this point, the  tall crown was installed with its completion coming in December bringing the tower to its final  height.

By January 1992, the tower had since been renamed the NationsBank Corporate Center to reflect the bank's name change from NCNB to NationsBank in summer 1991. On May 1, the first tenants moved into the tower with its inaugural crown lighting taking place on May 9.

Completed in July 1992, its official dedication ceremony took place on Saturday, October 17, 1992. The celebrations that day included live entertainment, rappellers from Fort Bragg's 16th Military Police Brigade rappelling the height of the tower and a fireworks show.

Post-opening

Since its completion, the Bank of America Corporate Center has been the world headquarters for what is now Bank of America.  NationsBank bought BankAmerica Corporation in 1998, changed its name to Bank of America and sold BankAmerica's headquarters at 555 California Street, then the Bank of America Center, in San Francisco.  Moore & Van Allen and Ernst & Young are also tenants in the tower.

The Bank of America Corporate Center's crown shaped spire is the focal point of the building and it makes it stand out architecturally.  Its spire does not reflect from the outside like the Chrysler Building or any others; it shines from within and instead of stainless steel there is glass illuminated by floodlights, making it stand out from the many  world skyscrapers.  Bank of America began shining the top of the crown shaped spire from white to blue in honor of the Carolina Panthers who were NFC champions in the 2003–2004 NFL season. In 2017 it was announced LEDs had been installed in the spire.

On July 20, 2005 Ken Lewis, then CEO and Mr. Cyprian White of the Credit Bureau of the Bank of America, announced the construction of a brand new 150 key Ritz-Carlton and LEED certified 40 story office retail complex located adjacent to the Bank of America Corporate Center.

FAA controversy
On May 15, 1989, a ruling by the Federal Aviation Administration stated that the tower's height would potentially jeopardize some flights taking off and landing at Charlotte-Douglas International Airport. The ruling came even though Charlotte's dominant airline, USAir, and airport officials had determined that the tower was not a hazard.  A June 12 appeal filed with the regional FAA office in Atlanta upheld the original ruling resulting in the case being appealed to Washington. Although the FAA could not force NCNB to halt construction of the tower, its "declaration of hazard to air navigation" could have potentially cost the city millions in federal airport grants as well as impeding the ability of NCNB to secure insurance for the tower upon its completion.

By December 1989, the issue was resolved when the FAA ruled that slight changes in air-traffic procedures around the building would resolve the hazard posed by the  tower.  With the influence of both U.S. representative Alex McMillan and Senator Ernest Hollings, the reversal of the original ruling was made after further review by the FAA. Since its construction, there has not been an incident involving an aircraft and the tower.

See also
List of Skyscrapers
World's tallest structures
List of tallest buildings by U.S. state
List of tallest buildings in Charlotte
List of tallest buildings in North Carolina

References

External links

Bank of America Corporate Center on Emporis.com

Office buildings completed in 1992
Bank of America buildings
Skyscraper office buildings in Charlotte, North Carolina
César Pelli buildings
Bank buildings in North Carolina
1992 establishments in North Carolina
Skyscrapers in Charlotte, North Carolina
Uptown Charlotte
Bank company headquarters in the United States

Bank of America Corporate Center


An Puya chilensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Juan Ignacio Molina. An Puya chilensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Puya, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Puya

Puya chilensis


Crkva sv. Nikole je pravoslavni hram u Starom Baru, Crna Gora. Pripada Mitropoliji crnogorsko-primorskoj Srpske pravoslavne crkve. Džamija Selimija se nalazi u blizini crkve.

Povijest
Barska okolica 1877. godine nigdje nije imala pravoslavne crkve. Crkva svetog Nikole u Starom Baru je po nekim podatcima podignuta 1863. godine, a možda i po oslobođenju Bara od Turaka 1878. godine. U njoj je Duchess Jutta od Mecklenburga-Strelitz iz luteranizma prešla u pravoslavlje dobivši ime Milica. Nakon toga je 27. srpnja 1899. usljedila udaja na Cetinju za Danila Petrovića, sina kneza Nikole. Crkva je oltarom okrenuta ka istoku. Građena je od kamenih blokova, iako se u oltarskom dijelu izvana vidi da je na početku građena od drugog materijala. Crkva je djelomično freskopisana. Starije freske su u gornjem dijelu crkve (vremenom propale), a dolje su na stupovima novije freske (isto) slabijeg kvaliteta i male umjetničke vrijednosti. U crkvenoj porti (dvorištu) je nekada bilo groblje, po starom kršćanskom običaju da se mrtvi pokapaju oko crkava, gdje čekaju uskrsnuće mrtvih, a danas se više tu nitko ne pokapa.

Izvori

Nikola, Stari Bar
Nikola
Stari Bar

Pravoslavna crkva sv. Nikole u Starom Baru


Pampaphoneus ("matador de la Pampa") es un género de dinocéfalos que vivió en el período Pérmico medio (Guadalupiense) en lo que ahora es Sudamérica. Sus restos fósiles se han encontrado en la formación Rio do Rasto en el estado de Río Grande del Sur, Brasil. Se conoce por el holotipo, un cráneo bien conservado de unos 35 centímetros de longitud, con la mandíbula. La especie tipo es Pampaphoneus biccai y el nombre específico honra a José Bicca, propietario del terreno donde se halló el holotipo.

A continuación un cladograma mostrando la ubicación filogenética de Pampaphoneus según Cisneros et al. (2012):

Referencias

Dinocephalia
Sinápsidos del Pérmico
Sinápsidos de América del Sur

Pampaphoneus


Zheng Feifei, née le  à Handan (Hebei), est une haltérophile handisport chinoise concourant en +86 kg. Après deux médailles d'argent mondiales (2017, 2019), elle remporte le titre paralympique en 2021.

Carrière
Elle est née avec une dislocation de la hanche.

Lors des Jeux de 2020, Zheng remporte la médaille d'argent derrière la Nigériane Folashade Oluwafemiayo. Aux Mondiaux en décembre, elle soulève 133 kg pour obtenir l'argent une nouvelle fois derrière la Nigériane Oluwafemiayo. Elle avait déjà obtenu le même métal aux Mondiaux 2017 à Mexico.

Références

Liens externes

Haltérophile chinoise
Médaillée d'argent paralympique chinoise
Haltérophile (femme) aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020
Naissance en juin 1996
Naissance à Handan

Zheng Feifei


Eurovision: Europe Shine A Light bit će televizijski program uživo koji je organizirala Europska radiodifuzijska unija koji će producirati nizozemske članice organizacije AVROTROS, NOS i NPO. Ovaj televizjski program zamijenit će Eurosong 2020. koji se trebao održati u Rotterdamu no otkazan je zbog Pandemije koronavirusa 2019./20.

Emisija će se uživo emitirati iz grada Hilversuma, Nizozemska, 16. svibnja 2020., a očekuje se da će trajati otprilike dva sata.

Ovo će biti četvrti put da EBU organizira posebnu emisiju u Eurovizijskom formatu, nakon emisija za 25., 50. i 60. godišnjicu.

Format
Tijekom emisije, svih 41 pjesama koje su odabrane za sudjelovanje na Pjesmi Eurovizije 2020. sudjelovat će u ne natjecateljskom formatu. Sudionici iz prošlosti će također biti pozvani na sudjelovanje. Umjetnici će zajedno izvesti "Love Shine a Light" iz svojih matičnih zemalja. Bit će prikazani i isječci eurovizijskih fanova koji pjevaju uz "What's Another Year" Johnnyja Logana, koji je pobijedio na Pjesmi Eurovizije 1980. u Haagu

Lokacija održavanja

Za više informacija o gradu domaćinu, pogledajte Hilversum.

1. travnja 2020. grad Hilversum odabran je kao lokacija održavanja emisije, a Studio 21 u Medijskom Parku Hilversum odabran je kao studio u kojem će se snimati emisija. Ovo će biti drugi puta kako će Hilversum biti domaćin nekog događanja kojeg održava EBU, prethodno je tamo održana Pjesma Eurovizije 1958.

Voditelji

Kroz emisiju će nas voditi nesuđeni voditelji Eurosonga 2020. Chantal Janzen, Edsilia Rombley i Jan Smit, dok će za online''' sadržaj biti zadužena nizozemska youtuberica NikkieTutorials.

Znamenitosti
Njemačka televizijska kuća NDR izvjestila je da će nekolicina znamenitosti u Europi biti osvijetljeni u sklopu segmenta emisije pod nazivom Europe Shine a Landmark''. Sljedeće znamenitosti bit će osvijetljene:

 - Litavsko nacionalno kazalište opere i baleta u Vilniusu

Prijenos emisije i komentatori
Emisija će početi u subotu 16. svibnja u 21 sat a sljedeće države će prenositi emisiju uživo:

Izvori

Pjesma Eurovizije

Eurovision: Europe Shine A Light


عبد الله البري وعبد الله البحري، مسلسل كويتي للأطفال من بطولة الفنان عبد الرحمن العقل أنتج وعرض بعام 1994، عن قصة مقتبسه من قصص ألف ليلة وليلة، كتبها زهير الدجيلي وأخرجها كنعان حمد.

القصة
تدور القصة حول «عبد الله» الذي يعمل صيادًا للسمك كي يعول أسرته خصوصًا بعد وفاه والده، وفي إحدى المرات وأثناء قيامه بالصيد تقوم شبكته باصطياد شخص يعلمه بعد ذلك إن اسمه «عبد الله» أيضًا وهو من سكان تحت البحار ويقرران أن يسميان أنفسهما «بعبد الله البري» و«عبد الله البحري»، وأتفقا على أن يقوم «البحري» بإعطاء «البري» لؤلؤ نظير قيام «البري» بتزويده بفواكة وهو ما ينقص سكان البحار، ويؤدي ذلك إلى أن يتغير الحالة المادية «لعبد الله البري» ويفتح عليه أطماع بعض الأشرار بالقرية ويحاولون أن يكشفوا سر اللؤلؤ وذلك لرغبتهم بالاستيلاء عليه. تمرض والده «عبد الله البري» ويعجز الأطباء عن علاجها إلا أن «عبد الله البحري» يخبره بأن علاجها متوفر في عالم البحار، ويقرران أن يذهبان برحلة في البحار من أجل احضار الدواء، ويمران خلال رحلة البحث عن الدواء بعدد من المغامرات حتى يصلان إلى الدواء.

الفنانين المشاركين
 عبد الرحمن العقل .. في دور عبد الله البري.
 علي جمعة .. في دور عبد الله البحري.
 باسمة حمادة. في دور غزلان.
 أحمد جوهر. في دور أبو داوود
 حمد ناصر. في دور أبو ناصر
 محمد حسن. في دور الوكيل أبو عقاب
 علي سلطان. في دور الأشعل
 لطيفة المجرن. في دور ام عبد الله البري
 محمد العجيمي في دور براك
 مشاعل شداد. في دور هنادي
 منى شداد. في دور زوريه
 هيا الشعيبي. في دور العجوز الشريرة
 رشا مصطفى. في دور الأميرة موج البحر
 خليل زينل في دور عمران
 شايع الشايع في دور ضبعان
 هاني مطر في دور ناصر

المراجع

مسلسلات تلفزيونية كويتية بدأ عرضها في 1994
مسلسلات رمضان 1414 هـ

عبد الله البري وعبد الله البحري (مسلسل)


Newchurch es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Folkestone and Hythe, en el condado de Kent (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Newchurch tiene una superficie de 15,8 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Newchurch tenía 314 habitantes (51,91% varones, 48,09% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 19,87 hab/km². El 20,7% eran menores de 16 años, el 75,16% tenían entre 16 y 74 y el 4,14% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 38,27 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 20,88% estaban solteros, el 65,06% casados y el 14,06% divorciados o viudos.

El 96,82% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 0,96% de la población, mientras que el 2,23% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Según su grupo étnico, el 98,72% eran blancos y el 1,28% mestizos. El cristianismo era profesado por el 71,97%, mientras que el 20,38% no eran religiosos y el 7,64% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

155 habitantes eran económicamente activos, 147 de ellos (94,84%) empleados y 8 (5,16%) desempleados. Había 117 hogares con residentes, 5 vacíos y 3 eran alojamientos vacacionales o segundas residencias.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Kent
Parroquias civiles de Kent

Newchurch (Kent)