Six Feet Under is an American death metal band from Tampa, Florida, formed in 1993. The band consists of five members: founding vocalist Chris Barnes, guitarists Ray Suhy and Jack Owen, bassist Jeff Hughell and drummer Marco Pitruzzella. It was originally a side project formed by Barnes with guitarist Allen West of Obituary, but became a full-time commitment after Barnes was dismissed from Cannibal Corpse in 1995. Six Feet Under has released 13 albums, and is listed by Nielsen Soundscan as the fourth-best-selling death metal act in the U.S.

History

Formation, Haunted, and Warpath (1993–1997)
After Barnes and West joined forces, they recruited Terry Butler, who knew West from his involvement with Massacre, and Greg Gall, Terry Butler's brother-in-law. Six Feet Under first played in 1993 at clubs, performing mostly cover songs. The band began writing original material in the middle of 1994. Because Barnes was already signed to Metal Blade Records with Cannibal Corpse, Six Feet Under signed to this label and became a side project.

Their first album, Haunted, was released on September 1, 1995. Haunted was produced by Brian Slagel (who discovered Slayer) and Scott Burns (record producer) (who discovered Sepultura and worked with Napalm Death, and Deicide, among others). By this point, Chris Barnes had made Six Feet Under his main priority. In 1995, in the process of recording the album Vile, he parted ways with Cannibal Corpse and was replaced by Corpsegrinder.

Six Feet Under's next release was the Alive and Dead EP on October 29, 1996. A dual studio/live EP, it contains three studio recordings ("Insect", "Drowning", and a Judas Priest cover, "Grinder") and four tracks from Haunted performed live. The band released their second studio album, Warpath, on September 9, 1997, and would incorporate blends of death metal and death n roll. It would also be the last album to feature Allen West, who would depart shortly after the album's release.

Maximum Violence and Graveyard Classics (1998–2000)
In 1998, Allen West left to rejoin Obituary and was replaced by Steve Swanson. This is the only lineup change that the band had until January 2011. Combined with Barnes' departure from Cannibal Corpse, the arrival of Swanson helped turn Six Feet Under from a mere side-project to a band in its own right.

July 13, 1999 saw the release of Six Feet Under's third studio album, Maximum Violence.  The band also recorded a death-metal retooling of the Kiss song "War Machine", which would be featured on the album's tracklist. There were also covers of the Iron Maiden song "Wrathchild" and the Thin Lizzy song "Jailbreak."

During the summer of 2000, Six Feet Under participated in the Vans Warped Tour, a festival that, at the time, usually featured punk rock bands.

Further pursuing their interest in cover songs, Six Feet Under released an album entirely of covers, Graveyard Classics, on October 24, 2000. The songs were given death metal and death n roll makeovers in regards to the timbre of the vocals and instruments, but the original riffs and rhythms of the songs were left intact. Songs include Black Sabbath's "Sweet Leaf", Deep Purple's "Smoke on the Water", and Jimi Hendrix's "Purple Haze".

True Carnage and  Bringer of Blood (2001–2003)
The group's fourth studio album, True Carnage (August 7, 2001), was also their first recording to feature guest artists: Ice-T raps while Barnes roars on "One Bullet Left", and Karyn Crisis joins Barnes for "Sick and Twisted". True Carnage peaked on the Billboard Heatseeker's charts at number 18.

Six Feet Under undertook a lengthy bout of American tours, commencing in the summer of 2002, with supporters Skinless and Sworn Enemy. Their June 14 performance was recorded for a DVD and live album release, Double Dead Redux. September 2002 saw the band touring with Hatebreed. Around Christmas 2002, they participated in some European festivals with bands such as Kataklysm and Dying Fetus.

The band next released Bringer of Blood, on September 23, 2003. In addition to his trademark guttural vocals, Barnes also began using higher pitched pig squeal vocals on this release.

Graveyard Classics 2, 13, and A Decade in the Grave (2004–2006)
Graveyard Classics 2 came out on October 19, 2004. This cover album focused solely on the 1980 AC/DC album Back in Black. AllMusic reviewer Wade Kergan remarked that the death metal-makeover on these forefather songs "are equal parts menace and kitsch... Six Feet Under are obviously having a blast as they rip through them."

Six Feet Under released their sixth studio album on March 21, 2005, entitled 13. While writing the lyrics, Chris Barnes reportedly entered "a vision" from smoking large quantities of marijuana and meditating.

Metal Blade Records issued A Decade in the Grave on October 28, 2005, a five-disc box set. The first two discs are 'best-of' material, the third is a rarities collection, the fourth disc is from one of the band's first concerts back in 1995, and the final disc is a live DVD from 2005.

In November 2005, Chris Barnes joined the Finnish death metal band Torture Killer as lead vocalist for a side project. His new bandmates saw this as a huge compliment, having started out as a Six Feet Under and Obituary cover band. Barnes sung vocals on their 2006 studio album Swarm!

Commandment, Death Rituals, and Graveyard Classics 3 (2007–2010)
Six Feet Under toured for the majority of 2006 before hitting the studios to record their next album, Commandment, which was released on April 17, 2007. The album works within the band's formula. According to music critic Chad Bowar, the album has "catchy death metal songs... [that are] crushingly heavy, but also have a great groove to them."

Six Feet Under played Metalfest 2007 tour alongside openers Finntroll, Belphegor, and Nile, their most heavily promoted tour to date. A music video for "Doomsday" aired on MTV2's Headbangers Ball, starting on November 10 of that year.

On December 24, 2007, Six Feet Under announced on their website that they would go to the studio in early 2008 to record a new album. The album, titled Death Rituals, was released on Metal Blade Records on November 11, 2008, in the US, and November 17, 2008, in the UK.

As announced on January 31, 2008, Chris Barnes officially parted ways with Torture Killer, to be replaced by Juri Sallinen. Drummer Greg Gall was currently writing and recording material with a new band called Exitsect, along with guitarist Sam Williams (Denial Fiend, Down by Law), bassist Frank Watkins (Obituary, Gorgoroth), guitarist Joe Kiser (Murder-Suicide Pact, Slap Of Reality) and vocalist Paul Pavlovich (Assück).

Graveyard Classics 3 was released on January 19, 2010.

Undead, and Unborn (2011–2013)
In early 2011, Terry Butler left to join fellow death metal band Obituary. Drummer Greg Gall had also left.

In November 2011, Rob Arnold and Matt Devries posted statements saying they have departed from Chimaira to play in Six Feet Under full-time. However, in 2012, Matt Devries left the band to join Fear Factory, replacing longtime bassist Byron Stroud. The vacant position was subsequently filled by ex-Brain Drill 7-string bassist, Jeff Hughell.

The band's ninth studio album Undead was released on May 22, 2012. It was also announced on the same day that Rob Arnold would be replaced by Swedish guitarist Ola Englund of bands Feared and Scarpoint. The band says that Rob will remain a central writing partner and collaborator on future Six Feet Under releases.

The band released their tenth album Unborn on March 19, 2013.

According to a recent interview on March 21, 2013, Barnes is already writing material for the band's next album.

In 2013, guitarist Ola Englund and drummer Kevin Talley departed the band. Marco Pitruzzella took over on drums.

Crypt of the Devil and  Graveyard Classics IV: The Number of the Priest  (2014–2016)
On May 5, 2015, Six Feet Under released their eleventh studio album, Crypt of the Devil. On this release Chris Barnes incorporated Phil Hall, Josh Hall and Brandon Ellis from the band Cannabis Corpse for the studio line up.

In April 2015, Jeff Hughell left the Hatefest tour in Europe and Victor Brandt of Entombed filled in as a temporary bassist.

The band released their fourth cover album Graveyard Classics IV: The Number of the Priest on May 27, 2016, with Ray Suhy on guitar and bass and Josh Hall on drums, both from Cannabis Corpse, appearing on the album.

In 2016 longtime guitarist Steve Swanson left the band and was replaced by Cannabis Corpse member Ray Suhy.

Torment, Unburied, and Nightmares of the Decomposed (2017–present)
On January 10, 2017, the band announced their twelfth studio album, Torment, which was released by Metal Blade Records on February 24. The album marked the debut of drummer Marco Pitruzzella with the addition of Jeff Hughell who recorded guitar and bass for the album. Torment was received poorly by fans and critics alike, citing lazy songwriting and poor production. On February 28, former Cannibal Corpse and Deicide guitarist Jack Owen joined the band.

The band released a digital-only EP on July 6, 2018, titled Unburied, consisting of previously unreleased material from the recording sessions of their prior four albums. That same year, Chris announced that the band was writing material for their 13th album. The album title, Nightmares of the Decomposed, was revealed on April 21 and was released on October 2, 2020.

Members

Current members
Chris Barnes − vocals (1993−present)
Jeff Hughell − bass (2012−present), guitars (2016−2017)
Marco Pitruzzella − drums (2013−present)
Ray Suhy − guitars (2015−present)
Jack Owen − guitars (2017−present)

Former members
Terry Butler − bass (1993−2011)
Greg Gall − drums (1993−2011)
Allen West − guitars (1993–1998)
Steve Swanson − guitars (1998−2016)
Kevin Talley − drums (2011–2013)
Matt DeVries − bass (2011–2012)
Rob Arnold − guitars, bass (2011–2012)
Ola Englund − guitars (2012–2013)

Session members
Brandon Ellis − guitars (2014−2015)
Phil Hall − guitars (2014−2015)
Josh Hall − drums (2014−2015)

Live members
Victor Brandt − bass (2015)
Jeff Golden − bass (2016, 2019)

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums
 Haunted (1995)
 Warpath (1997)
 Maximum Violence (1999)
 True Carnage (2001)
 Bringer of Blood (2003)
 13 (2005)
 Commandment (2007)
 Death Rituals (2008)
 Undead (2012)
 Unborn (2013)
 Crypt of the Devil (2015)
 Torment (2017)
 Nightmares of the Decomposed (2020)

References

External links

Death metal musical groups from Florida
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical groups from Tampa, Florida
Metal Blade Records artists

Six Feet Under (band)


El Euphoria Tour es la séptima gira musical por el cantante español Enrique Iglesias. El tour fue creado para promocionar el noveno álbum de estudio, Euphoria. A partir de enero de 2011, Iglesias se presentará las Américas, Europa, Asia y Australia. El recorrido finaliza en noviembre de 2011. El tour clasificado 38º en Pollstar las "50 Principales gira mundial (de mitad de año)", ganando unos 20 millones de dólares.

Antecedentes
Iglesias mencionó la gira en una entrevista con ESPN, durante la Copa Mundial FIFA 2010. Iglesias se dirigió a una gira promocional de su álbum, actuando en varios festivales de música de los Estados Unidos, incluyendo: KFRC de Triple How Show, KMXV de Jam Jingle y Jingle Ball de 'KIIS-FM. La gira fue oficialmente anunciada en a través del sitio web de Iglesias, mostrando solo unas pocas fechas en Francia e Inglaterra. Se agregaron fechas adicionales en Norteamérica, pero la gira inicia oficialmente el 29 de enero de 2011 en Puerto Rico. Durante la gira, Iglesias fue invitado a ser juez en la versión de EE.UU. de The X Factor, sin embargo, fue incapaz de cambiar su calendario de gira para dar cabida a la feria.

Femme Fatale controversia
Después de completar la primera etapa de la gira, muchos medios de comunicación se rumorea Iglesias unirse a Britney Spears en una gira coprotagonizada en los Estados Unidos. Cuando Spears anunció oficialmente su gira en Good Morning America, afirmó Iglesias se reuniría con ella. Dentro de unas horas, la gestión de la cantante emitió un comunicado afirmando Iglesias no se unirá a Spears y continuará su gira en solitario. Aunque se explicó que "Strictly Business", muchos medios de comunicación especularon sobre por qué Iglesias abandonó la gira. Celebrity sitio de noticias TMZ.com especulado que el cantante no quería unirse a Spears, debido a las controversias que rodean su gira anterior. MTV News informó que Iglesias se retiró después de haber sido anunciado como acto de apertura de Spears. La revista Us Weekly siguió con "fuentes internas", afirmando que el acuerdo no fue completa e Iglesias no necesita de la promoción.

Iglesias llevó a Twitter para responder a todos los rumores. Él escribió:

El cantante más tarde comentaría su decisión de no unirse a Spears era porque se sentía que todo estaba "corriendo" y no estaba plenamente convencido en ese momento. Continuó diciendo que respeta a Spears como artista y la gira sea posible habría sido grande para él y para los fanes. Después de completar la etapa europea de su gira, Iglesias anunció una segunda parte norteamericana con Pitbull y Prince Royce. Conciertos en Europa, América del Sur y Australia se dieron a conocer también. Para introducir el tour, Iglesias dijo: "Estoy tan emocionada de salir en los estados, y esta vez con mi buen amigo Pitbull y Prince Royce. Va a ser un gran espectáculo y esperamos verlos a todos ustedes por ahí. Este viaje será una experiencia inolvidable!"

Actos de Apertura

 Jay Sean (Los Angeles, New York City) (Febrero 2011)
 Mohombi (Windsor, Montreal)
 Lemar (Reino Unido y Irlanda—Manga 1)
 Jim Bakkum (Países Bajos)
 Shy'm (Francia)

 Stan Van Samang (Bélgica)
 Anna Abreu (Finlandia)
 Sofia Nizharadze (Georgia)
 Eldrine (Georgia)
 Pitbull (Australia) (Norteamérica—Manga 2)
 Havana Brown (Australia)
 Prince Royce (Norteamérica—Manga 2)

Repertorio

Notas Adicionales
 "No me digas que no" y "I Like It" se realizaron con Wisin & Yandel y Pitbull, respectivamente, el 29 de enero de 2011 en Puerto Rico, en el inicio del Euphoria Tour y el 21 de octubre de 2011 en Miami.
 "¿Donde están corazón?" se llevó a cabo en lugar de "Experiencia Religiosa" en Nueva York, Miami y Atlantic City.
 "Dímelo" se llevó a cabo en lugar de "Do You Know? (The Ping Pong Song)" en países hispanohablantes.
 "Coming Home" se llevó a cabo en lugar de "Mi Ring Them Bells" en Dublín.
 "Lloro por ti" se llevó a cabo en lugar de "Can You Hear" en Dublín.
 "Solo En Ti" se llevó a cabo en lugar de "Can You Hear" en Inglaterra.
 En París, Iglesias realiza una breve interpretación de "Purple Rain".

Fechas del Tour

Shows cancelados y reprogramados

Recaudaciones

Respuesta de la crítica

Para su gira 2011, Iglesias ha recibido numerosos comentarios positivos de los críticos musicales y fanes. Los críticos aplaudieron a la cantante por su talento para el espectáculo en el escenario y su conexión con el público. Kristyn Lyncheski (The Setonian) alaba al cantante en su conexión con su público en el Madison Square Garden. Ella explica, además, "Iglesias parecía honrado de estar en el escenario en el MSG, el lugar que él dijo que consideraba el mayor lugar. En repetidas ocasiones le dijo al público:" No sabes lo bien que me siento". Iglesias dijo que estaba agradecido por los aficionados que se han sacrificado por él desde su debut en 1995." Basem Boshra (Montreal Gazette) escribe Iglesias rendimiento en el Bell Centre fue nada menos carismático. Y continúa: "Iglesias siempre me ha parecido que alguien que tiene un sentido del humor acerca de su sexo-símbolo de estatus, y que fue sin duda en la exhibición de anoche, sobre todo cuando se retiró a una joven al escenario para bailar... y un abrazo y un beso... ... y, cuando rescatada, para plantar firmemente sus manos en su trasero."

Como su gira progresó en el Reino Unido e Irlanda, las críticas continuaron constructiva. Andrew Johnston (The Belfast Telegraph) señala la capacidad de Iglesias para conducir a su público natural. Y añade: "Tonight (I'm Lovin 'You)", con 'amor' cambia a algo más grueso, y su entre-canción demandas de su audiencia a 'ensuciarse' hizo que fuera una más decidida-18 asunto." Gordon Barr (Evening Chronicle) tenía en alta estima el rendimiento de Iglesias en el Metro Radio Arena en comparación con sus anteriores espectáculos en Inglaterra. Además declara, "Era de la multitud en cuestión de minutos, y las bromas no cedió en todo, con dos Traceys ser recogido de la audiencia de algunos momentos memorables en el escenario con su propio héroe local." Por el mismo concierto, Aranda Rahbarkouhi (The Journal) comparten los mismos sentimientos que Johnston. Ella escribe: "Mirando a su alrededor, los gritos que venía desde el fondo de la arena. Enrique apareció en un pequeño escenario envuelto en los aficionados donde cantó "Hero" antes de volver al escenario principal de "Escape" antes de ceder a los cantos sin fin de más, la firma con un reprise de "Tonight"."

Para su concierto en el Arena de Mánchester la tarde Noticias, Dianne Bourne (City Life) dio el rendimiento cinco de cinco estrellas. Ella explica, "Y es una prueba más del atractivo de Enrique de que entre los aficionados que lances en el escenario es un maestro de cabellos plateados de matemáticas llamado Jeremy, que hilarante dueto en "No Me Digas Que No", atónita Manc ama de casa de Anna, que puede 't bastante creer que tiene Enrique en su regazo, y luego, por uno de los aspectos más destacados de la feria, temblando de 14 años de edad, Jenny de una oferta serenata de su mayor éxito, 'Hero' "Dave Simpson (The Guardian) pensaban de otro modo después de Bourne, dando el mismo concierto dos de las cinco estrellas. Él dice: "En un momento dado, los lances de 32 años miembros de edad avanzada público en el escenario, al parecer puramente para humillarlos. Un maestro de escuela de pelo gris que insiste en que no bebe es IMPLÍCITAS con ron, mientras que una mujer igual de incómodo se le dice : "Piensa en mí cuando estás teniendo sexo esta noche." Cuando Iglesias descubre que está sin su marido, le sugiere al maestro: "Fuck her".

Referencias

Giras musicales de Enrique Iglesias
Giras musicales de 2011
Giras musicales de 2012

Euphoria Tour


Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a synthetic, semicrystalline organic polymer resin, with the linear formula (CH2CHCN)n.  Almost all PAN resins are copolymers with acrylonitrile as the main monomer.  PAN is used to produce large variety of products including ultra filtration membranes, hollow fibers for reverse osmosis, fibers for textiles, and oxidized PAN fibers. PAN fibers are the chemical precursor of very high-quality carbon fiber.  PAN is first thermally oxidized in air at 230 °C to form an oxidized PAN fiber and then carbonized above 1000 °C in inert atmosphere to make carbon fibers found in a variety of both high-tech and common daily applications such as civil and military aircraft primary and secondary structures, missiles, solid propellant rocket motors, pressure vessels, fishing rods, tennis rackets and bicycle frames. It is a component repeat unit in several important copolymers, such as styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic.

History
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was first synthesized in 1930 by Hans Fikentscher and Claus Heuck in the Ludwigshafen works of the German chemical conglomerate IG Farben. However, as PAN is non-fusible, and did not dissolve in any of the industrial solvents being used at the time, further research into the material was halted. In 1931, Herbert Rein, head of polymer fiber chemistry at the Bitterfeld plant of IG Farben, obtained a sample of PAN while visiting the Ludwigshafen works. He found that pyridinium benzylchloride, an ionic liquid,  would dissolve PAN. He spun the first fibers based on PAN in 1938, using aqueous solutions of quaternary ammonium sodium thiocyanate and aluminum perchlorate for the production process and considered other solvents including DMF. However, commercial introduction was delayed due to the wartime stresses on infrastructure, inability to melt the polymer without degradation, and solvents to allow solution processing were not known yet.
The first mass production run of PAN fiber was in 1946 by American chemical conglomerate DuPont. The German intellectual property had been stolen in Operation Paperclip. The product, branded as Orlon, was based on a patent filed exactly seven days after a nearly identical German claim.  In the German Democratic Republic (GDR), industrial polyacrylonitrile fibre production was started in 1956 at the VEB Film- und Chemiefaserwerk Agfa Wolfen due to the preliminary work of the "Wolcrylon" collective (:de:Max Duch, Herbert Lehnert et al.). Prior to this, the preconditions for the production of the raw materials had been created at the Buna Werke Schkopau (Polyacrylonitrile) and Leuna works (Dimethylformamide). In the same year, the collective was awarded the GDR's National Prize II Class for Science and Technology for its achievements.

Physical properties
Although it is thermoplastic, polyacrylonitrile does not melt under normal conditions. It degrades before melting. It melts above 300 °C if the heating rates are 50 degrees per minute or above.

Glass transition temperature is around 95 °C and fusion temperature is at 322 °C. PAN is soluble in polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, ethylene and propylene carbonates, and in aqueous solutions of sodium thiocyanate, zinc chloride or nitric acid. Solubility parameters: 26.09 MPa1/2 (25 °C) are 25.6 to 31.5 J1/2 cm−3/2. Dielectric constants: 5.5 (1 kHz, 25 °C), 4.2 (1 MHz, 25 °C).Can behave as branched as well as linear polymer.

Synthesis
Most commercial methods for the synthesis of PAN are based on free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile. In most of the cases, 10% amounts of other vinyl comonomers are also used (1–10%) along with AN depending on the final application.  Comonomers include acrylic acid, acrylamide, allyl compounds, and sulfonated styrene. Anionic polymerization also can be used for synthesizing PAN. For textile applications, molecular weight in the range of 40,000 to 70,000 is used. For producing carbon fiber higher molecular weight is desired.

In the production of carbon fibers containing 600 tex (6k) PAN tow, the linear density of filaments is 0.12 tex and the filament diameter is 11.6 µm which produces a carbon fiber that has the filament strength of 417 kgf/mm2 and binder content of 38.6%. This data is demonstrated in the Indexes for Experimental Batches of PAN Precursor and Carbon Fibers Made from It table.

Applications
Homopolymers of polyacrylonitrile have been used as fibers in hot gas filtration systems, outdoor awnings, sails for yachts, and fiber-reinforced concrete. Copolymers containing polyacrylonitrile are often used as fibers to make knitted clothing like socks and sweaters, as well as outdoor products like tents and similar items. If the label of a piece of clothing says "acrylic", then it is made out of some copolymer of polyacrylonitrile.  It was made into the spun fiber at DuPont in 1942 and marketed under the name of Orlon. Acrylonitrile is commonly employed as a comonomer with styrene, e.g. acrylonitrile, styrene and acrylate plastics. Labelling of items of clothing with acrylic (see acrylic fiber) means the polymer consists of at least 85% acrylonitrile as the monomer. A typical comonomer is vinyl acetate, which can be solution-spun readily to obtain fibers that soften enough to allow penetration by dyes. The advantages of the use of these acrylics are that they are low-cost compared to natural fiber, they offer better sunlight resistance and have superior resistance to attack by moths.
Acrylics modified with halogen-containing comonomers are classified as modacrylics, which by definition contain more than PAN percentages between 35-85%. Incorporation of halogen groups increases the flame resistance of the fiber, which makes modacrylics suitable for the use in sleepwear, tents and blankets. Some mattresses also use them to meet the flame resistance requirements in North America. However, the disadvantage of these products is that they are costly and can shrink after drying.

PAN absorbs many metal ions and aids the application of absorption materials.  Polymers containing amidoxime groups can be used for the treatment of metals because of the polymers' complex-forming capabilities with metal ions.

PAN has properties involving low density, thermal stability, high strength and modulus of elasticity. These unique properties have made PAN an essential polymer in high tech.

Its high tensile strength and tensile modulus are established by fiber sizing, coatings, production processes, and PAN's fiber chemistry.  Its mechanical properties derived are important in composite structures for military and commercial aircraft.

Carbon fiber
Polyacrylonitrile is used as the precursor for 90% of carbon fiber production.  Approximately 20–25% of Boeing and Airbus wide-body airframes are carbon fibers. However, applications are limited by PAN's high price of around $15/lb.

Glassy carbon
Glassy carbon, a common electrode material in electrochemistry, is created by heat-treating blocks of polyacrylonitrile under pressure at 1000 to 3000 °C over a period of several days. The process removes non-carbon atoms and creates a conjugated double bond structure with excellent conductivity.

Oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber (OPF)
Oxidized PAN Fiber is used to produce inherently flame resistant (FR) fabrics.  Commonly when it is used in FR fabrics for protective apparel it is referred to as OPF (oxidized polyacrylonitrile fiber) and is a high-performance, cost-effective flame and heat resistance solution.  OPF can be considered one of the most FR fabrics commercially produced since it has an LOI (Limiting Oxygen Index) in the range of 45–55% which is one of the highest LOI ranges available as compared with other common FR fabrics which have lower LOI values (e.g. Nomex @ 28–30%, Kevlar @ 28–30%, Modacrylic @ 32–34%, PBI @ 41%, and FR-Viscose @ 28%); and OPF also demonstrates the lowest toxic gas generation upon burning as compared with other common fabrics (e.g. Nomex, FR Polyester, and Cotton).

Support polymer
Divinylbenzene-crosslinked polyacrylonitrile is a precursor to ion exchange resins. Hydrolysis converts the nitrile groups to carboxylic acids. Amberlite IRC86 is one commercial product.  These weakly acidic resins have high affinities for divalent metal ions like Ca2+ and Mg2+.

References

External links
 Polyacrylonitrile at Polymer Science Learning Center
 Polyacrylonitrile air filter Stanford engineers develop new air filter that could help Beijing residents breathe easily

Acrylate polymers
Copolymers
Synthetic resins
Synthetic fibers
Thermoplastics

Polyacrylonitrile


Wrottesley ist ein Einschlagkrater im Osten der Mondvorderseite, am südöstlichen Rand des Mare Fecunditatis, unmittelbar westlich des Kraters Petavius, dessen Rand er berührt.
Der Krater ist mäßig erodiert und weist ausgeprägte Terrassierungen sowie einen Zentralberg auf.

Der Krater wurde 1935 von der IAU nach dem britischen Astronomen John Wrottesley, 2. Baron Wrottesley, offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Wrottesley auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Wrottesley (Mondkrater)


Iskorjenjivanje malih boginja (eng: Smallpox eradication ; Smallpox vaccine) je bio program započet od Panameričke Zdravstvene Organizacije (PAHO) u polovini 20. stoljeća. Svjetska Zdravstvena Skupština (SZS) je proglasila događaj iskorjenjivanja malih boginja 8. svibnja 1980. iako je certifikacija predata 9. prosinca 1979. godine.

Pozadina
Cijepljenje protiv malih boginja je pokrenuto još od 1796. u ruralnoj Engleskoj, od dr. Edward Jenner. Jenner je uzeo gnoj iz ruke mliječne sluškinje s kravljom boginjom, ogrebao je u ruku 8-godišnjeg dječaka Jamesa Phippsa, a šest tjedana kasnije cijepio je dječaka s boginjama, nakon čega je primijetio da je ne hvataju boginje.

Uvođenje cjepiva u Novi svijet dogodilo se u Trinity u Newfoundlandu 1800. dr. John Clinch, dječački prijatelj i medicinski kolega Jennera. Već 1803. španjolska kruna organizirala je ekspediciju na Balmisu za prijevoz cjepiva španjolskim kolonijama u Americi i na Filipinima i tamo uspostavila programe masovnog cijepljenja. Kongres SAD-a usvojio je Zakon o cjepivima 1813. kako bi osigurao da sigurna američka javnost bude dostupno sigurnom cjepivu protiv malih boginja. Otprilike 1817. u Nizozemskoj Istočnoj Indiji postojao je vrlo čvrst sustav cijepljenja. U britanskoj Indiji pokrenut je program širenja cjepiva protiv malih boginja, putem indijskih cjepiva, pod nadzorom europskih dužnosnika. Unatoč tome, britanski napori u cijepljenju u Indiji, a posebno u Burmi, ometali su autohtonu sklonost cijepljenju i nepovjerenje u cijepljenje, usprkos strogim zakonodavstvima, poboljšanjima lokalne učinkovitosti cjepiva i konzervansa cjepiva te obrazovnim naporima. Do 1832. savezna vlada Sjedinjenih Država uspostavila je program cijepljenja protiv Indijaca protiv malih boginja. 1842. Velika Britanija je zabranila cijepljenje, kasnije prelazeći na obvezno cijepljenje. Britanska vlada uvela je obvezno cijepljenje protiv malih boginja aktom Parlamenta 1853. U Sjedinjenim Državama, od 1843. do 1855. godine, prvo je Massachusetts, a potom i ostale države zahtijevalo cijepljenje protiv malih boginja. Iako neki nisu voljeli ove mjere, nastavljeni su koordinirani napori protiv malih boginja, a bolest se nastavila smanjivati u bogatim zemljama. U sjevernoj Europi su brojne zemlje uklonile male boginje do 1900. godine, a do 1914. godine učestalost u većini industrijaliziranih zemalja pala je na razmjerno niske razine. Cijepljenje se nastavilo u industrijaliziranim zemljama, sve do sredine do kraja 1970.-ih kao zaštita od ponovnog uvođenja. Australija i Novi Zeland dvije su iznimne iznimke; niti je iskusila endemska boginja i nikad se nije cijepila cijelo, oslanjajući se na zaštitu udaljenosti i stroge karantene.

Iskorjenjivanje

Početkom 1950-ih u svijetu se procijenilo 50 milijuna slučajeva malih boginja svake godine. Da bi se iskorijenio boginje, svako izbijanje mora se zaustaviti od širenja izolacijom slučajeva i cijepljenjem svih koji žive u blizini. Taj je postupak poznat i kao "prstenasto cijepljenje". Ključ ove strategije bilo je praćenje slučajeva u zajednici (poznat kao nadzor) i zatvaranje. Početni problem s kojim se suočio tim SZO-a bio je neadekvatno prijavljivanje slučajeva velikih boginja, jer mnogi slučajevi nisu pripali nadležnima. Činjenica da su ljudi jedini rezervoar za infekciju velikih boginja i da prijevoznici ne postoje, igrala je značajnu ulogu u iskorjenjivanju malih boginja. SZO je uspostavio mrežu konzultanata koji su pomogli zemljama u uspostavljanju nadzora i mjera zaštite. Već ranije, donacije cjepiva osiguravale su prvenstveno Sovjetski Savez i Sjedinjene Države, ali do 1973. godine više od 80 posto cjepiva proizvedeno je u zemljama u razvoju. Sovjetski Savez osigurao je između 1958. i 1979. godinu i pol doze, kao i medicinsko osoblje.

Prva hemisfera (Zapadna Hemisfera) je započela kampanju iskorjenjivanja velikih boginja 1950. godine. Kampanja je bila uspješna u uklanjanju velikih boginja iz svih zemalja Amerike, osim Argentine, Brazila, Kolumbije i Ekvadora. 1958. profesor Viktor Zhdanov, zamjenik ministra zdravstva za SSSR, pozvao je Svjetsku zdravstvenu skupštinu na globalnu inicijativu za iskorjenjivanje malih boginja.

Općenito, napredak prema iskorjenjivanju bio je razočaravajući, posebno u Africi i na indijskom potkontinentu. Godine 1966. formiran je međunarodni tim, Jedinica za iskorjenjivanje velikih boginja pod vodstvom jednog Amerikanca, Donalda Hendersona. Godine 1967. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija pojačala je globalno iskorjenjivanje malih boginja doprinoseći 2,4 milijuna dolara godišnje te je usvojila novu metodu nadzora bolesti koju je promovirao češki epidemiolog Karel Raška.

Posljednja velika europska epidemija malih boginja bila je 1972. u Jugoslaviji, nakon što se hodočasnik s Kosova vratio s Bliskog Istoka, gdje je zarazio virus. Epidemija je zarazila 175 ljudi, uzrokujući 35 smrtnih slučajeva. Vlasti su proglasile vojni zakon, primijenile karantenu i poduzele široko ponovno cijepljenje stanovništva, angažirajući pomoć SZO-a. Za dva mjeseca epidemija je bila gotova. Prije toga, u svibnju do srpnja 1963. godine u Stockholmu u Švedskoj bila je epidemija malih boginja, koju je s Dalekog Istoka donio švedski pomorac; to su riješili karantenskim mjerama i cijepljenjem lokalnog stanovništva.

Krajem 1975. godine, boginja se zadržala samo na Afričkom rogu. Uvjeti su bili vrlo teški u Etiopiji i Somaliji, gdje je bilo malo cesta. Građanski rat, glad i izbjeglice zadaću su još više otežali. U tim se zemljama početkom i sredinom 1977. poduzimao intenzivan program nadzora i sprečavanja suzbijanja i cijepljenja, pod vodstvom australijskog mikrobiologa Franka Fennera. Kako se kampanja približila svom cilju, Fenner i njegov tim igrali su važnu ulogu u provjeri iskorjenjivanja. Posljednji prirodni slučaj autohtone boginje (Variola minor) dijagnosticiran je 26. listopada 1977. u Ali Maow Maalin, kuharici u Merci u Somaliji. Posljednji slučaj smrtonosne male boginje (Variola Major) otkriven je u listopadu 1975. kod trogodišnje bangladeške djevojke, Rahime Banu.

Na dan 8. svibnja 1980. godine proglašeno je totalno iskorjenjivanje velikih boginja, a prve dvije rečenice su glasile:

Uzimajući u obzir razvoj i rezultate globalnog programa iskorjenjivanja velikih boginja pokrenutom od strane SZO 1958. i intenziviranog od 1967. godine ... svečano izjavljuje da su svijet i njegovi narodi dobili slobodu od malih boginja, što je bila najrazornija bolest koja je u mnogim zemljama progutala epidemijski oblik. od najranijeg vremena ostavljajući smrt, sljepoću i oskvrnuće i koji su prije samo desetljeća rasprostranjeni u Africi, Aziji i Južnoj Americi.

Vidi još
Boginje
Cjepivo

Izvori

Cjepiva
Medicina
Farmacija

Iskorjenjivanje malih boginja


Pitts est une ville américaine située dans le comté de Wilcox, en Géorgie. Selon le recensement de 2020, sa population est de .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Municipalité en Géorgie (États-Unis)
Comté de Wilcox (Géorgie)

Pitts (Géorgie)


Yasunari Kawabata (11. júní 1899 – 16. apríl 1972) var japanskur rithöfundur sem hlaut Nóbelsverðlaunin í bókmenntum árið 1968.

Ævi og störf
Kawabata fæddist í Osaka, missti foreldra sína á unga aldri og ólst því upp hjá afa sínum og ömmu, sem einnig féllu frá áður en hann komst af unglingsaldri, auk þess sem eina systir hans dó þegar hann var ellefu ára. Kawabata taldi síðar að fjölskyldumissirinn hefði öðru fremur mótað sig sem rithöfnd. Eftir þessi áföll fluttist pilturinn til móðurfjölskyldu sinnar. Hann stundaði háskólanám í Tókýó og varð á þeim árum fyrir talsverðum áhrifum frá verkum Rabindranath Tagore, indverska Nóbelskáldsins.

Eftir útskrift sinnti Kawabata jöfnum höndum ritstörfum og blaðamennsku. Hann hlaut snemma athygli fyrir smásögur sínar og var orðinn þekkt nafn í japönskum bókmenntum vel fyrir þrítugt. Skáldsögur hans nutu þó mestra vinsælda. Snælandið (japanska: Yukiguni) sem birtist sem framhaldssaga á árunum 1935-37 er líklega kunnust þeirra, en auk hennar voru bækurnar Þúsund trönur (japanska: Senbadzuru) og Gamla höfuðborgin (japanska: Koto) nefndar sérstaklega í rökstuðningi sænsku Nóbelsnefndarinnar þegar hann fékk bókmenntaverðlaunin árið 1968.

Kawabata lést úr gaseitrun árið 1972 við dularfullar kringumstæður. Deilt er um hvort um slys hafi verið að ræða eða sjálfsmorð.

Kawabata, Yasunari
Handhafar bókmenntaverðlauna Nóbels

Yasunari Kawabata


Güney Macaristan topraklarında merkezi Kecskemét olan ildir. Yüzölçümü 8,445 km² olup, nüfusu ise 547,000 kadardır. Tisza ve Tuna Nehri bu ilin topraklarından geçer, Szelid ve Vadkert isimlerinde iki önemli gölü bulunur. II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra kurulmuş bir şehirdir.

Kasabaları

Köyleri

Macaristan'ın illeri

Bács-Kiskun


Levi Asher (or Marc Eliot Stein; 18 November 1961 in Queens, New York) is a New York-based writer, blogger and web developer responsible for Literary Kicks, one of the earliest popular literary websites and now the oldest continuously-running literary website on the Internet. Other works by Levi Asher include Queensboro Ballads, a series of stories and essays in the form of a 1960s folk-rock album, Coffeehouse: Writings From The Web, the first anthology of online writing, Notes From Underground, a digital movie version of the Dostoevsky novel, Action Poetry, a compilation of writings from Literary Kicks, The Summer of the Mets, a novel and Pacifism for the 21st Century, a website devoted to the philosophy of pacifism.

Having maintained Literary Kicks continuously since 1994 (with brief pauses in 2000 and 2004), Levi Asher is now recognized as a pioneer of the online literary scene and one of the earliest proto-bloggers. As a professional web developer (using the name Marc Eliot Stein), Asher has also built or collaborated on music websites for Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen and Pearl Jam, and has worked for seminal Silicon Alley companies like iVillage and Time Warner's Pathfinder.com. In 2009 Asher wrote for Literary Kicks a serialized memoir of the Internet industry from 1993 to 2003, focusing on his personal struggles, failures and successes during the crazy years of the dot-com stock bubble (1995 to 2000) and crash (2000 to 2003), as well as his own experience as part of the Internet's growing literary scene.

Asher was born in Flushing, Queens, the third child of Eli Stein, a graphic designer and cartoonist, and Lila Weisberger, a psychologist and poetry therapist. He grew up in Old Bethpage and Hauppauge, Long Island and attended the State University of New York at Albany, graduating in 1984 with degrees in Philosophy and Computer Science. He was married to Meg Wise-Lawrence from 1990 to 1999, and they raised three children, Elizabeth (adopted from Meg's first marriage), Daniel, and Abigail. He was married to Caryn D. Stein from 2008 to 2015.

Before working as a web developer, he worked as a C++ programmer at the JP Morgan bank on Wall Street in New York City. His first published story, Jeannie Might Know, a satire about his job at JP Morgan, appeared in the early online journal Intertext in 1993. He later explained in his memoir that he changed his name to Levi Asher to avoid being detected by co-workers. In 2016 he announced that he is abandoning the use of his pseudonym so that he can utilize both his technology/business background (as Marc Stein) and his literary background (as Levi Asher) on behalf of the new organization Pacifism for the 21st Century.

Asher has published four books under the Literary Kicks imprint, including Why Ayn Rand Is Wrong (and Why It Matters), which argues that Ayn Rand's ethical philosophy of Objectivism is built upon a flawed psychological foundation. He has also written articles for the Huffington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Quarterly Conversation, the Guardian and Jewcy.

Self-Published works
The Summer of the Mets
Action Poetry
Why Ayn Rand Is Wrong (and Why It Matters)
The Cards I'm Playing: Poker and Postmodern Literature
Chiaroscuro: Assorted Literary Essays

Editor
Coffeehouse Writings for the Web, Editor (Manning, 1997)
Beats In Time: A Literary Generation's Legacy, Editor

References

1961 births
Living people
American male bloggers
American bloggers
Jewish American writers
Jewish pacifists
American pacifists
Jewish bloggers
People from Flushing, Queens
Writers from Queens, New York
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
American satirists
American computer programmers
21st-century American Jews

Levi Asher


Ortakent Yahşi, Muğla ilinin Bodrum ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

8 Haziran 1996 tarihinde Ortakent ve Yahşi köylerinin birleşmesiyle belediye statüsü alarak beldeye dönüştü. 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile mahalle oldu.

Ortakent'in eski adı Müskebi veya yörede telaffuz edilen şekliyle Müsgebi 'dir.

Kaynakça

Bodrum'un mahalleleri

Ortakent Yahşi


Un marido ideal (An Ideal Husband en su título original) es una comedia teatral para cuatro actores del autor Oscar Wilde, estrenada el 3 de enero de 1895. A partir de ella se han producido varias adaptaciones cinematográficas:

 Un marido ideal (1935), dirigida en Alemania por Herbert Selpin y protagonizada por Brigitte Helm y Sybille Schmitz;
 Un marido ideal (1947), dirigida en el Reino Unido por Alexander Korda y protagonizada por Paulette Goddard y Michael Wilding;
 Un marido ideal (1947), dirigida en Argentina por Luis Bayón Herrera y protagonizada por Alicia Barrié, Yvonne Bastien y Susana Campos;
 Un marido ideal (1999), dirigida en el Reino Unido por Oliver Parker y protagonizada por Julianne Moore y Rupert Everett; y
 Un marido ideal (2000), dirigida en el Reino Unido por William P. Cartlidge y protagonizada por Sadie Frost y James Wilby.

Un marido ideal (desambiguación)


Notre-Dame de Paris é um musical franco/canadense que estreou em 16 de setembro de 1998 no Palais de Congrès, Paris. É baseado no romance Notre-Dame de Paris (O Corcunda de Notre-Dame) de 1830, do romancista francês Victor Hugo. A música foi composta por Riccardo Cocciante e a letra é de Luc Plamondon.

O diretor Gilles Maheu encenou o show em estilo de concerto, com os cantores principais no centro do palco, com dançarinos fornecendo emoção visual, mas não dramática. A orquestra e o coro foram pré-gravados.

O musical continua ativo, com novo elenco.

Desde sua estreia, o musical já foi apresentado na França, Bélgica, Canadá, China, Itália, Japão, Líbano, Luxemburgo, Polônia, Rússia, Cingapura, Coreia do Sul, Espanha, Suíça, Turquia, Reino Unido e Estados Unidos, e foi traduzido para oito idiomas (inglês, espanhol, italiano, russo, coreano, flamengo, polonês e cazaque). Uma versão mais curta em inglês foi apresentada em 2000 em Las Vegas (Estados Unidos) e uma produção londrina completa, também em inglês, durou dezessete meses. Diversas canções do musical, como "Vivre", "Belle" e "Le temps des cathédrales", foram lançadas como singles com grande sucesso nos países de língua francesa.

Notre-Dame de Paris, de acordo com o Guinness Book of Records, teve o primeiro ano de estreia de maior sucesso que qualquer outro musical.

A história se passa em Paris no ano de 1482. O poeta Gringoire, que ao longo da história atua não apenas como participante, mas também como uma espécie de comentarista, entra para preparar o cenário para a história; ele relata como o homem escreveu sua história na construção das catedrais (canção "Le temps des cathédrales").

Elenco original de Paris

 Hélène Ségara - Esmeralda
 Garou - Quasimodo
 Daniel Lavoie - Frollo
 Bruno Pelletier - Gringoire
 Patrick Fiori - Phoebus
 Sorte Mervil - Clopin
 Julie Zenatti - Fleur-de-Lys

Ligações externas
 Website oficial americano

Musicais de West End
Musicais de 1998

Notre-Dame de Paris (musical)


Les Actinomonadaceae sont une famille d'algues de l'embranchement des Ochrophyta  de la classe des Dictyochophyceae et de l'ordre des Pedinellales.

Systématique
La famille des Actinomonadaceae a été créée en 1881 par le biologiste britannique William Saville-Kent (1845-1908) sous le taxon Actinomonadidae.

Étymologie
Le nom vient du genre type Actinomonas, dérivé du grec , «  lancer des rayons », et , « seul, solitaire, isolé », littéralement « monade rayonnante », en référence aux pseudopodes rayonnés que l'organisme émet.

Description

Liste des genres
Selon  :
 Actinomonas Kent, 1881 - genre type
  Throndsen, 1971
 Cyrtophora Pascher, 1911 - ancien genre type des Cyrtophoraceae Pascher, 1911
 Helicopedinella Sekiguchi, Kawachi, Nakayama & Inouye, 2003
  Daugbjerg, 1996
 Palatinella Lauterborn, 1906
  S.M.Pedersen, P.L.Beech & H.A.Thomsen, 1986
 Pedinella Vysotskii, 1887 - ancien genre type des Pedinellaceae Pascher, 1910
  N.Carter, 1937
 Pteridomonas E.Penard, 1889

Publication originale
 .

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Référence Organismnames.com : Saville-Kent, 1880 consulté le=16 mai 2022.

Dictyochophyceae
Famille d'algues (nom scientifique)

Actinomonadaceae


بلدية صفراء , هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة بطليوس, التي تقع في منطقة إكستريمادورا, والتي تقع في غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 16.014 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007). بينما تبلغ مساحتها 62.6 كم. وبذلك تكون الكثافة السكانية 255.81 نسمة/كم2. تقع المدينة على ارتفاع 508 م عن سطح البحر.

توأمة
لصفراء (بطليوس) اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:
 رامبوييه
 إستريموز

أعلام
 خورخي كاماتشو
 دولثي تشاكون
 مانويل غارسيا
 برناردو دومينغيز
 روي لوبيز دي سيغورا

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي (بالإسبانية)

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في بطليوس
بلديات بطليوس

صفراء (بطليوس)


El Área Estadística Metropolitana de Dubuque, IN MSA, como la denomina la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, es un Área Estadística Metropolitana centrada en la ciudad de homónima, que solo abarca el condado de Dubuque en el estado de Iowa, Estados Unidos. Su población según el censo de 2010 es de 93.653 habitantes, convirtiéndola en la 353.º área metropolitana más poblada de los Estados Unidos.

Comunidades del área metropolitana
 Asbury
 Balltown
 Bankston
 Bernard
 Cascade
 Centralia
 Dubuque (ciudad principal)
 Durango
 Dyersville
 Epworth
 Farley
 Graf
 Holy Cross
 Luxemburg
 New Vienna
 Peosta
 Rickardsville
 Sageville
 Sherrill
 Worthington
 Zwingle

Véase también
 Anexo:Áreas metropolitanas de Estados Unidos
 Anexo:Áreas micropolitanas de Estados Unidos
 Anexo:Áreas Estadísticas Combinadas de Estados Unidos

Referencias

D

Área metropolitana de Dubuque


Poul Pedersen (født 16. maj 1925 i Racine, Wisconsin, USA - død 14. maj 2003) var en dansk filmfotograf.

Poul Pedersen kom 1. august 1944 til Nordisk Film som fotografassistent, og efter sin soldatertjeneste blev han igen tilknyttet Nordisk Film fra 1949 til 1960. I 1951 optog han sin første spillefilm Mød mig på Cassiopeia og fotograferede i 1955 den første danske spillefilm i farver Kispus. I 1960 forlod han filmen og startede som direktør for en sodavandsfabrik. Han blev æresmedlem af Dansk Filmfotograf Forbund i 2001.

Eksterne henvisninger

Filmfotografer fra Danmark

Poul Pedersen (filmfotograf)


Joe Brainard (* 11. März 1941 in Salem, Arkansas, USA; † 25. Mai 1994 New York City, Vereinigte Staaten) war ein US-amerikanischer Künstler und Autor, der zur New York School gezählt wird. Er verwendete zahlreiche verschiedene Medien und Ausdrucksmittel. Insbesondere beschritt er neue Wege, indem er Comics in seinen Kollaborationen mit anderen Künstlern der New York School als ein dichterisches Medium benutzte. Sein bekanntestes Werk sind seine Memoiren mit dem Titel "Ich erinnere mich", für welche Paul Auster ein Vorwort verfasste.

Leben
Brainard verbrachte seine Jugend in Tulsa in Oklahoma. Bereits in der Oberschule wurden er und Ron Padgett, Dick Gallup und Ted Berrigan Freunde, als sie die Literaturzeitschrift The White Dove Review gründeten, die in den Jahren 1959/60 fünfmal erschien. Brainard besuchte das Dayton Art Institute und traf später mit seinen früheren Mitstreitern in New York City zusammen.

Zu Brainards Freundeskreis in New York nach 1964 gehörten unter anderen Frank O'Hara, Kenneth Koch, Alex Katz, Edwin Denby, John Ashbery und viele mehr. Mit Kenward Elmslie verband ihn eine lebenslange Freundschaft, die auch durch Liebesaffären mit anderen Personen nicht dauerhaft getrübt wurde. Zu Beginn der 1980er Jahre suchte er Abstand von der Künstlerszene. Er starb 1994 an einer Lungenentzündung, die durch AIDS verursacht wurde.

Werk
Brainard hat sowohl die bildende Kunst als auch die Literatur beeinflusst. Seine Werke lassen sich keiner bestimmten Kunstrichtung zuordnen, auch wenn er viel im Umfeld der New Yorker School verkehrte. Er fertigte Assemblagen, Collagen, Zeichnungen und Gemälde an, dazu Illustrationen und Buchcover; außerdem Bühnenbilder und Entwürfe für Theaterkostüme.

Für sein literarisches Werk Ich erinnere mich hat Brainard fast 1500 Bruchstücke aus Kindheit und Kunst, zu Geschichte und Politik, Familie, Schule und Körper gesammelt. In der Erinnerung, die in seinem Buch mit immer derselben Einleitung "Ich erinnere mich..." arbeitet, gibt es keinen Halt, keine Würdigung von Besonderheiten und Bedeutung.

Veröffentlichungen
 mit Ron Padgett und Ted Berrigan: Some Things. C. Press, New York 1964.
 mit Kenward Elmslie: The Baby Book. Boke Press, 1965.
 mit Ted Berrigan und Ron Padgett: Bean Spasms. Poems and Prose. Kulchur Press, 1967.
 I Remember. Angel Hair, 1970. Es gab mehrere Aufl.; zuletzt Granary Books, New York 2005.
 In Deutsch, Übers. Uta Goridis: Ich erinnere mich. Walde + Graf, Zürich 2011, ISBN 978-3-03774-040-8.
 Bolinas Journal. Big Sky Books, Bolinas 1971.
 The Friendly Way. Siamese Banana, 1972.
 The Cigarette Book, Siamese Banana, 1972.
 I Remember More. Angel Hair, 1972.
 mit John Ashbery: The Vermont Notebook. 1975.
 29 mini-essays, Z-Press, Calais. ISBN 0-915990-14-8.
 mit Bill Berkson, James Schuyler und anderen: 1984 (Neunzehnhundertvierundachtzig). Umgezeichnet von Dieter Kerl. Übers. Harry Rowohlt. März, Berlin 1983 (Reprint Area, Erftstadt 2004). Großformat Ventil Verlag, Mainz 2002 ISBN 3930559943.
 Ten Imaginary Still Lifes, Boke Press 1995.
 Ron Padgett Hg.: The Collected Writings of Joe Brainard. Introd. Paul Auster. Library of America, New York 2012 ISBN 978-1-59853-149-7.

Literatur
 Joshua Kline: The White Dove Review: How a Group of Tulsa Teens Created a Literary Legend. This Land Press, 2010.
 Ron Padgett: Joe: A Memoir of Joe Brainard. Coffee House Press, Minneapolis, MN, USA 2004
 Constance M. Lewallen: Joe Brainard: A Retrospective. Granary Books, New York City 2001
 Edmund White: City Boy. Albino Verlag, Berlin 2015 (Seiten 283–287).

Weblinks
 Biografie und Bibliografie des Autors
 Was die Welt zu bieten hat, Der Standard, 5. August 2011

Einzelnachweise

Autor
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1941
Gestorben 1994
Mann

Joe Brainard


Lušnjak je nenaseljeni otočić uz zapadnu obalu otoka Molata. Od obale Molata je udaljen oko 230 metara.

Površina otoka je 8.156	m2, duljina obalne crte 363 m, a visina oko 5 metara.

Izvori

Sjevernodalmatinski otoci

Lušnjak


Teresio Maria Carlo Vittorio Ferrero della Marmora (Turim, 15 de outubro de 1757 - Turim, 30 de dezembro de 1831) foi um cardeal e bispo católico italiano.

Biografia
Ele nasceu em Turim em 15 de outubro de 1757, filho de Ignazio Ferrero, Marquês della Marmora, e Costanza Teresa Cristina San Martino do Marquês de Agliè, quarto de 11 filhos.

Ele obteve um doutorado em direito civil e direito canônico na universidade local em 1779 , foi nomeado bispo de Casale em 1796. Tornou-se bispo de Saluzzo em 1805.

O Papa Leão XII o elevou ao posto de cardeal no consistório de 27 de setembro de 1824.

Cavaleiro da Ordem Suprema da Santissima Annunziata, foi abade da abadia de Fruttuaria em San Benigno Canavese.

Apaixonado pela numismática, possuía uma boa coleção de medalhas e moedas dos vários senhorios piemonteses da Idade Média.

Ele morreu no palácio de sua abadia na noite de 30 de dezembro de 1831, aos 74 anos.

Cardeais da Itália
Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Leão XII


Bitka kod Tuzle je bila dvomjesečna bitka tijekom austrougarskog zaposjedanja Bosne i Hercegovine. Dio muslimana bio je za to da ako ne može ostati Osmansko Carstvo, neka dođe za vlast druga velesila. U narodu, ponajviše muslimanima, bila je i protivna struja koja je htjela i radila da stvari ostanu po starom i braniti domovinu od svakog napadača, koji bi pošao na Bosnu. Uz ovu struju pristali su mnogi muslimani. Austrijska carska vojska je napredovala u zaposjedanju BiH i naselja u Bosni redom su padala.

No, pojedini džepovi otpora su bili izuzetno ustrajni. Među zadnjima su ostali Tuzla i Zvornik. Tuzla je pala nakon duge borbe. Zvornik se bez oružja i bez otpora predao pet dana poslije zauzimanja Tuzle. Nakon intervencija III. i IV. zbora i žestokih okršaja na planini Majevici, Tuzla je zauzeta 22. rujna.

Dolazak austrougarske vojske
Austrougarske snage su došle pred Tuzlu. Na nju se 8. kolovoza 1878. zaputilo šest austrijskih bataljuna odnosno 5.000 pješaštva, jedan eskadron konjaništva, ukupno 130 konjanika i tri bitnice po osam topova.

Kod muslimana koji su se protivili zaposjedanju vođe su bili Hadži Hašimaga Mutevelić, muderis Tosun ef. Kifić, Salih Tučić Sahačija i još drugi od naoružana naroda ("ehalije"). Zadnji paša u Tuzli, Muhetin-paša, bio je interniran u svojoj kući. U Tuzlu su došli Kladnjaci na konjima nekoliko dana prije prve austrougarske navale i skinuli pašu, te mu odjenuli bosanske haljine mjesto njegove uniforme. Potom su se odmah vratili.

Previranja kod muslimana
Nekoliko dana zatim trajalo je muslimansko međuvlašće dok nije postavljen novi vođa. Došli su Zvorničani i s njima Alijaga Talirević koji je ondje stanovao. Naoružani muslimanski protivnici zaposjedanja na mjesto starješine postavili su Alijagu Talirevića. Naoružani zvorničani s naoružanim pukom iz Tuzle spremali su se za dočekati austro-ugarski napad. Mladež i žene su sklonili u tuzlansku okolicu pa su u kasabi ostali samo odrasli koji su se mogli boriti. Dio muslimana prikupljao je potpise za austro-ugarsku vlast. Muslimanske pristalice Austro-Ugarske su se morali skrivati pred pristašama otpora. Skrivali su se od naoružanih muslimanskih protivnika zaposjedanja te su se pred dolazak muftije Taslidžaka sklonili iz Tuzle, preobučeni u feredže. Jedan istaknuti protivnik se sklonio u Morančane kod katoličkih Hrvata gdje su ga krili fratri. Ipak je pronađen, odveden u svoju Dobrnu gdje je bio zatočen do austro-ugarske pobjede. Muftija Ganibegović sklonio se u Dolove kod Ibre Jahića.

Prve borbe
Prve čarke s carskim postrojbama bile su kod Planina, blizu kasnije postaje Bistarca, u četvrtak koncem srpnja. Tog su se dana carske snage utaborile na Bukinjima pred Donjom Tuzlom. Na drugoj strani Tuzlacima su u pomoć stigli Rogatičani i na Ravnoj Trešnji odmah stupili u borbu. U Tuzli su tog dana otvorili vojno skladište streljiva na Gradini koje su podijelili narodu za borbu.  Na području tuzlanskog kraja otporom lokalnih muslimana rukovodio je pljevaljski muftija Mehmed Vehbi Šemsekadić. 7. kolovoza 1878. stigao je u Tuzlu sa svojih 1.000 vojnika, a na zapadnim prilazima Tuzli pridružili su mu se branitelji iz Kladnja, Srebrenika, Lukavca i Zvornika.

Oko 10 sati 9. kolovoza počele su borbe za Tuzlu. Snage muslimanskih protivnika bile su 3000 ljudi. Pljevaljski muftija, Mehmed Vehbi Šemsekadić bio je glavni organizator obrane.

U petak se nastavila ogorčena borba. Pred podne istoga dana stiglo je oko dvjesta konjanika s muftijom Taslidžakom. Taslidžak je smjesta preuzeo zapovjedništvo nad svima borbenim postrojbama, a dotad borbeno neangažirane snage naoružanog naroda natjerao je priključiti se borcima i boriti skupa s drugima muslimanima, koji su sudjelovali u bitci. Muftija je nemilice bičem nagonio u borbu sve koji su se protivili borbi i koji su pokušali izmaći borbama. Muslimanski pučki otpor muftija Taslidžak organizirao je dalje tako što je na postavio četiri topa, po jedan na svaku točku: na Ilinčicu, na Papinac, gdje je poslije sagrađena bolnica, treći na Borić, a četvrti na Bukovčice. Preostalo streljivo iz skladišta na Gradini Taslidžak je dao skupiti i borcima podijeliti. U međuvremenu su austro-ugarske snage došle na Moluhe i Rasovac.

9. kolovoza je s one četiri pozicije muftija zapovijedio paljbu. Pješaštvo se spremno sukobilo s austro-ugarskom vojskom na Kozlovcu, Ravnoj Trešnji i Mosniku. Austro-ugarska vojska zaustavljena je žestokim otporom. Cijeli su petak vođene borbe, potrajale u noći i nastavljene sve do subotu u podne. Žilavi otpor lokalaca prisilio je austro-ugarske snage na uzmak. Žestoka paljba sa svih strana i pridošlo muslimansko seljaštvo iz okoline u pomoć muftiji i naoružanom muslimanskom građanstvu postiglo je efekt. Tako su već tog dana austro-ugarske snage zaustavljene su pred Tuzlom na Moluhama i Husinu, potučene i natjerane na povlačenje prema Gračanici.

Jutarnjih sati 10. kolovoza bile su odlučujuće borbe na Moluhama. S južne strane muslimanske snage bile su uspješnije, a na sjeveru bojišta dobre rezultate polučila je austro-ugarska vojska i i prodrla do Tušanjskog potoka. Na mjestu današnjeg stadiona Slobode vodila se glavna bitka. Bilo je mnogo mrtvih i teško ranjenih austrijskih vojnika ležalo po bojištu izmiješano s muslimanskim protivnicima zaposjedanja koji su poginuli jurišajući na položaje Szaparyjeve vojske. Zbog žestoke obrane, poslijepodne je austro-ugarska vojska prekinula napad. Tog su dana potom Tuzlaci popunjavali postrojbe protivnika zaposjedanja ondje gdje je bilo gubitaka. Austro-ugarske postrojbe imale su mnogo mrtvih na bojištu, koje je pokopao na Moluhama. Pokopani vojnici poslije su preneseni na Borić, gdje je i poslije bilo katoličko groblje, a dotad ga nije bilo na tom mjestu.

Muslimanski ustanici su Tuzlu zauzeli 13. kolovoza. Bočni položaj austro-ugarskih snaga bili su izloženi napadima muftijinih postrojbi s pravaca Tušanj - Moluhe i Mosnik - Miladije, pa se feldmaršal Szapary, zapovjednik austro-ugarskih snaga morao povući sve do Doboja. Taslidžak se upustio u progon austro-ugarskih snaga. Progonio ih je do Becelja blizu Trbuka i Šahin kamena. Szapary je uspio zaustaviti Šemsekadićeve napade kod Doboja i ondje su se ukopali. Na to su se i muslimanske snage ukopale i držale si položaj šest tjedana.

Stanje na okolnim ratištima nije bilo povoljno po muslimanske protivnike zaposjedanja. Carske snage napredovale su svugdje te su zauzele Sarajevo, Travnik, Rogaticu, Krajinu i druga mjesta, netom je zauzela i Brčko odakle se primicala ka Tuzli. Procjenjuje se da je oko 100.000 novih austro-ugarskih vojnika išlo na sve osamljeniju Tuzlu. Napredovali su k njoj s dvije strane: od Brčkog i Doboja. Zapovjedali su im generala Bienert i Szapary. Povoljni položaj postignut odbacivanjem bilo je riskantno držati, pa je muftija uvidjevši opasnost okruženja i odsijecanja, povukao se natrag ka Tuzli. Austro-ugarske snage prodrle su preko Brčkog i Bijeljine ka Tuzli, što je prisililo muslimanske snage na povlačenje. Tuzlu je Austro-Ugarska konačno zauzela 22. rujna 1878. godine

Majevica
Novu je obrambenu crtu pripremao na Majevici. Prema carskim snagama Taslidžak je poslao postrojbe Hadži Hašimage Mutevelića s naoružanim narodom, koji su motivirani neko vrijeme zadržali austro-ugarske snage. Muftija Taslidžak držao je obrambeni položaj na zapadnoj strani Tuzle. Žestoki se boj odvio na Majevici.

Pregrupiranje i okruženje
Došle su snage III. i IV. zbora u pomoć. Austro-ugarske snage sad su se mogle pregrupirati i poći u napad. Gračanicu je oslobodio 16. rujna, 19. rujna Lukavac.

Austro-Ugarske snage probile su s istočne strane. Prijetila je opasnost opkoljavanja, jer su u međuvremenu carske snage zauzele i Bijeljinu i Brčko i ostao je još samo Zvornik. Muslimanima se primicao i kraj Ramazana. Stoga je 23. rujna Taslidžak bio prisiljen povući se i poći ka Zvorniku. Kretao se duž Drine sa svojim Taslidžacima i nekim bosanskim vođama, među kojima su bili: Selim beg Šahinpašić iz Šapke, Alijaga Tahirević, Esad ef. Alikadić iz Zenice i još drugi. Muftija i društvo su bijeg nastavili dalje ka Osmanskom Carstvu, gdje su i ostali.

Pred ulazak
Austro-ugarske snage su se ulogorile pred Tuzlom i noćile pred ulazak. Dan poslije austro-ugarskoj vojsci dočekali su izaslanici iz Tuzle. Pred generala Szaparyja na zapadnoj strani izašli su Živko Crnogorčević, Hadži Ibriš i Hrvat Boško Štitić. Na istočnoj strani su pred generala Bienarta izašli Mustajbeg Azabagić, jedan Židov Toska zvani i "Gjorgjo kalajđija" ili Niko Petrić. U Tuzlu su ušle 22. rujna i na tuzlanskoj tvrđavi zavihorila se habsburška zastava.

Obračun s protivnicima
Nakon nekoliko dana, uslijedila je istraga. Bila je upravljena protiv naoružana naroda ("ehalije") i njihovih prvaka koji su se borili. Salih Salačija, najbliži suradnik pljevaljskog muftije Šemsekadića, strijeljan je pod Bukovčićima, zbog toga što je išao zvati u pomoć muftiju Taslidžaka radi otpora Austro-Ugarskoj. Pomilovanje je stiglo prekasno. Odmah su zatvoreni i Hadžije Hašim-aga Mutevelić i brat mu Hadži-Alijaga, pa Hadži-Mujaga Ćilimković i Hašim-aga Hadžiefendić.

Pet dana poslije Tuzle predao se Zvornik, bez oružja i otpora. Livno je oslobođeno 28. rujna, a Velika Kladuša 20. listopada.

Izvori

Hrvatska povijest (1790. – 1918.)
Bosna i Hercegovina pod Austro-Ugarskom
Hrvatski ratovi
Austro-Ugarska
Hrvatske novovjekovne bitke
Austrijska vojna povijest
Mađarska vojna povijest
Povijest Tuzle

Bitka kod Tuzle 1878.


Heriberto Quiñones González est un militant communiste et agent du Kominterm en Espagne exécuté par les franquistes le .

Il est l'époux d'Aurora Picornell dite la Pasionaria de Mallorca.

Biographie
On sait peu de choses de son lieu et de son nom de naissance. Certaines sources affirment qu'il est né en Bessarabie ou dans la région de Bucovine.

Le passeport qu'il détient à son arrivée en Espagne en 1930 porte le nom de Yefin Granowdiski. Son nom de Heriberto Quiñones lui a été donné par un fonctionnaire de l'état-civil de Gijón. Parlant espagnol et catalan, il n'a aucun mal à s'intégrer en Espagne où il rejoint le parti communiste de Valence.

Il se marie en 1932 avec la militante majorquine Aurora Picornell, fusillée le 5 janvier 1937 par les franquistes. Ils ont une fille, nommée Octubrina.

Il est fusillé le 2 octobre 1942 à Madrid, après avoir été torturé.

Références

Liens externes

Communiste espagnol
Personnalité politique espagnole du XXe siècle
Victime de la guerre d'Espagne
Décès en octobre 1942
Personne fusillée en Espagne
Mort fusillé par les nationalistes espagnols
Antifasciste espagnol
Torture en Espagne

Heriberto Quiñones


Firelight  é considerada a primeira obra ousada de Steven Spielberg, que realizou quando tinha 17 anos. Uma "superprodução" familiar anunciando o futuro do premiado diretor.

Sinopse
A história é sobre um grupo de cientistas – principalmente Tony Karcher (Robert Robyn) e Howard Richards (Lucky Lohr) – que investigam a presença de estranhas luzes coloridas no céu e o subsequente desaparecimento de pessoas, animais e objetos da cidade fictícia estadunidense de Freeport, Arizona. Entre os sequestrados pelos alienígenas estão um cachorro, uma unidade de soldados e uma jovem chamada Lisa (Nancy Spielberg), cujo sequestro causa um ataque cardíaco em sua mãe (Carolyn Owen). Spielberg mostra aqui a maturidade em sua adolescência, quando apresenta subtramas que são a discórdia conjugal entre Tony Karcher e sua esposa Debbie (Beth Weber), e a busca obsessiva de Richards para convencer a CIA de que a vida extraterrestre não existe. A reviravolta ocorre quando o Serviço Alienígena, representado por três sombras, revela seu propósito na Terra: sequestrar humanos e trazê-los para seu planeta para criar um zoológico humano.

Produção
Para conseguir fazer Firelight, Spielberg fez vários trabalhos preliminares e testes de câmera. As possibilidades criativas aumentaram quando ele conseguiu substituir a câmera cinematográfica da família por um dispositivo mais completo de 16 milímetros, que ganhou aos 15 anos em um concurso de cinema amador, o Canyon Film Festival, no Arizona. O problema surgiu quando ele percebeu o alto custo de desenvolver neste formato e trocou a máquina por um Bolex de 8 milímetros. Pouco tempo depois, conseguiu outro modelo mais sofisticado, capaz de gravar som em pista magnética embutida, com a qual era possível fazer novos truques, rebobinamento da fita impressa, dupla exposição, etc., o que contribuiu para melhorar sua criatividade.

Spielberg escreveu o enredo e o roteiro de seu filme, que foi produzido por seus pais, Arnold e Leah Spielberg. Sua irmã, Nancy, também desempenhou o papel de uma das meninas sequestradas. Spielberg reconhece que esse ensaio foi fortemente influenciado pelo filme britânico The Quatermass Xperiment (1955). Ele filmou por um ano, usando todos os finais de semana.

Pré-estreia
O filme foi exibido em 24 de março de 1964, no espaço comercial The Phoenix Little Theatre, em Phoenix, Arizona. Steven Spielberg conseguiu vender, por meio de publicidade de amigos e familiares, 500 ingressos por um dólar cada.

Mais tarde, quando procurava trabalho em Los Angeles (Califórnia), revelou os rolos de seu filme a um produtor, mas algumas semanas depois a produtora faliu e o produtor que ele conhecia desapareceu com seus rolos de filme. Este filme nos mostrou um Steven Spielberg diferente em termos de filmagem e direção, com um visual totalmente diferente do que conhecemos, por isso muitos pensam que é uma pena que muito desse material jovem tenha se perdido por completo. No entanto, Firelight se tornou a pedra angular do filme mundialmente conhecido e premiado, Close Encounters of the Third Kind.

Elenco
Grande parte do elenco do filme vem da Arcadia High School. A irmã de Spielberg também teve um pequeno papel.

Notas

Bibliografia

Filmes com estreia na direção
Filmes dirigidos por Steven Spielberg
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1964
Filmes de ficção científica dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de suspense dos Estados Unidos

Firelight


Marvin Camel (born December 24, 1951) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1974 to 1990. He was the first cruiserweight world champion, having held the WBC title in 1980 and the IBF title from 1983 to 1984.

Professional boxing career
Camel fought Mate Parlov in Yugoslavia to a draw in the first ever cruiserweight world title bout. In the rematch, in Las Vegas, Camel beat Mate Parlov for the vacant WBC world Cruiserweight title in 1980, losing the title in his first defense, to Carlos De León who replaced David Pearce. After losing in a rematch to De Leon, he became, in 1983, the IBF's first world champion, by beating Roddy McDonald who also replaced David Pearce after the BBBoC would not sanction the Cruiserweight division in the UK and thus becoming world Cruiserweight champion for the second time when he claimed that organization's title. He later lost the title to Lee Roy Murphy.

He lost his final bout in June 1990 against Eddie "Young Joe Louis" Taylor in Minneapolis. The 10-round decision left his lifetime mark at 45-13-5.

Camel's pro career took him from Ronan to 13 states and seven foreign nations on three continents.

"I've had a good life, as far as boxing is concerned, winning two world titles, losing world titles, seeing the world," Camel said in 2015. "Some things people only dream about having, I did it. I've been there. I've been to the top of the mountain. But I feel there's still something out there that I've got to have, and I don't know what it is."

He is the subject of a biography released in December 2014, titled 'Warrior in the Ring' by Brian D'Ambrosio. The book was nominated for the High Plains Book Award and several other awards.

In December 2014, D'Ambrosio and Camel attended the 52nd Annual World Boxing Convention.

Honors
In 2006 at the World Boxing Council's 44th annual convention WBC President José Sulaimán awarded Camel honorary champion status.

Professional boxing record

See also
List of cruiserweight boxing champions

References

External links

Marvin Camel - Montana Magazine
Marvin Camel - CBZ Profile

1951 births
Living people
20th-century Native Americans
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
Native American boxers
American male boxers
Boxers from Montana
People from Ronan, Montana
Light-heavyweight boxers
World cruiserweight boxing champions
World Boxing Council champions
International Boxing Federation champions

Marvin Camel


O Morane-Saulnier MS.230 foi o principal treinador básico para o "Armée de l'Air" francesa ao longo da década de 1930.

Quase todos os pilotos franceses que voavam para o "Armée de l'Air" no início da Segunda Guerra Mundial tiveram seu primeiro treinamento de voo nesta máquina. Era o equivalente do treinador Stearman no "United States Army Air Service" e do de Havilland Tiger Moth na "Royal Air Force" Britânica.

Projeto e desenvolvimento
O MS.230 foi projetado para atender aos requisitos do Ministério da Aeronáutica francês. O MS.230 era um monoplano de asa parasol de armação tubular metálica com cobertura de tecido por toda a extensão, exceto a área dianteira da fuselagem, que era revestida de metal. O instrutor e o aluno ocupavam dois cockpits em tandem. Tinha um trem de pouso fixo e largo que o tornava muito estável na decolagem e pouso. Como um monoplano, o MS.230 era diferente de outros treinadores da época, que eram principalmente biplanos.

Ele voou pela primeira vez em fevereiro de 1929 e provou ser uma máquina excelente e estável, muito fácil de voar. Serviu em escolas de voo militares em toda a França e foi exportado para as forças aéreas de vários outros países. Também se tornou uma aeronave popular para a aviação esportiva. Um exemplo ganhou a "Coupe Michelin Internationale" em 1929.

Exemplares do MS.230 sobreviveram por muitos anos após a guerra e se tornaram treinadores civis e aeronaves civis de aeroclubes. Um foi usado em 1967 para atuar como base de câmera para filmagens ar-ar de "Darling Lili" no "Baldonnel Aerodrome", na Irlanda. Exemplares são preservados em exposição em museus na Bélgica, República Tcheca, França, Espanha e Estados Unidos.

Na cultura popular
Um MS.230 foi usado no final do filme "The Blue Max" como o "novo monoplano" no qual o tenente Stachel é morto durante um voo de teste.

Variantes

Fonte: Donald, 1997
MS.229
Motor V8 Hispano-Suiza 8a, para a Força Aérea Suíça; dois construídos, um convertido para o motor radial Hispano-Suiza 9Qa em 1932.

MS.230
mais de 1.100 construídos; 20 comprados pela Romênia e 25 pela Grécia em 1931, Brasil e Bélgica compraram 9 cada um; foi o principal treinador do "Armee de l'Air" durante anos; operado por vários proprietários privados incluindo Lynn Garrison e Louis Dolfus; alguns usados para testes com slats e esquis do Handley Page; um equipado com o motor radial Lorraine 9Nb Algol Junior.

MS.231
seis construídos com o motor Lorraine 7Mb com 240 hp (179 kW) em 1930.

MS.232
versão experimental com motor a diesel Clerget 9Ca com 200 hp (149 kW) em 1930.

MS.233
equipado com motor Gnome-Rhône 5Ba ou Gnome-Rhône 5Bc de 230 hp (172 kW), seis construídos na França e dezesseis em Portugal sob licença.

MS.234
equipado com motor Hispano-Suiza 9Qa de 250 hp (186 kW), dois construídos, um para o embaixador dos EUA em Paris.

MS.234/2
convertido do avião de corrida MS.130 Coupe Michelin com motor Hispano 9Qb de 230 hp (172 kW) e nacele NACA, participou em 1931 da corrida aérea "Coupe Michelin Internationale", com um motor Hispano-Suiza 9Qa de 250 hp (86 kW). Equipado com um motor Hispano-Suiza 9Qa como MS.234 #2, voou na competição acrobática pilotado por Michael Detroyat até 1938.

MS.235
com motor Gnome-Rhône 7Kb de 300 hp (224 kW), um construído em 1930.

MS.235H
versão com dois flutuadores, primeiro voo em 1931.

MS.236
equipado com motor Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IVC de 215 hp (160 kW), 19 construídos sob licença pela SABCA para a Componente Aérea do Exército Belga, primeiro voo em julho de 1932.

MS.237
equipado com um motor Salmson 9Aba de 280 hp (209 kW), cinco construídos para usuários privados, introduzido em 1934.

Operadores

Componente Aérea do Exército Belga

Força Aérea Brasileira

Força Aérea Checoslovaca (como C23)

Exército do Ar e do Espaço
Marinha Nacional Francesa

Luftwaffe (pouca quantidade)

Força Aérea Grega

Força Aérea Portuguesa

Força Aérea Real Romena

Força Aérea da República Espanhola

Força Aérea Suíça

Corpo Aéreo do Exército dos Estados Unidos

Força Aérea Venezuelana

Bibliografia

Leitura adicional

Ligações externas

 A History of Greek Military Equipment (1821-today): Greek MS.230 ET2
 , vídeo

Aeronaves da Morane-Saulnier
Aviões produzidos na França
Aviões militares de instrução
Aeronaves acrobáticas
Aviões militares a pistão
Aviões monomotor
Aviões monoplanos

Morane-Saulnier MS.230


Splitterherz ist ein Fantasy- und Liebesroman für Jugendliche und der Debütroman der Heidelberger Autorin Bettina Belitz.

Daten

Splitterherz, erschienen 2010,  ist der erste Band einer Trilogie, deren zweiter Teil unter dem Titel Scherbenmond 2011 und der dritte Teil Dornenkuss 2012 erschienen ist. Die gesamte Trilogie erschien bei script5 des LOEWE Verlages. Splitterherz erschien auch als Hörbuch im Hörverlag, München 2010.

Inhalt

Die Geschichte spielt im Westerwald in einem Ort namens Kaulenfeld. Protagonistin ist die  17-jährige Elisabeth Sturm, kurz Ellie, die es von Köln in das Dörfchen Kaulenfeld verschlägt, wo  ihr Vater  einen Arbeitsplatz gefunden hat. Ellie ist unglücklich wegen des  Umzugs und möchte am liebsten wieder bei ihren alten Freunden in ihrer ehemaligen Kölner Schule sein. Auf der neuen Schule findet sie  kaum Freunde, ihre Sprechweise und ihre Kleidung missfallen ihren Klassenkameradinnen. Eines Tages lernt sie zufällig Colin Jeremiah Blackburn kennen, einen jungen Mann von 20 Jahren. Colin ist Karate-Sportler, wirkt  arrogant und unnahbar, ihn umgibt eine  dunkle, geheimnisvolle Aura und Ellie fühlt sich zu ihm hingezogen.

Es ereignen sich merkwürdige Dinge und  Ellie findet heraus, dass Colin  ein Cambion ist, d. h. ein Mensch, der aus einer Verbindung einer Frau mit einem Dämon entstanden ist, dass Colins Mutter Tessa eine Nachtmahrin ist, die sich des Kindes einer Menschenmutter bemächtigt hat.

Ausgabe

 Bettina Belitz: Splitterherz. Script 5, Bindlach 2010, ISBN 978-3-8390-0105-9.

Weblinks
Buchbesprechung

Einzelnachweise

Fantasyliteratur
Jugendliteratur
Literarisches Werk
Roman, Epik
Literatur (Deutsch)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)

Splitterherz


Emin Türk Eliçin, (d. 21 Mart 1906, Genezin (Özkonak),  Avanos, Nevşehir - ö. 16 Mart 1966), Türk öğretmen ve solcu yazar.

1927'de muallim mektebini bitirdi. Bir süre öğretmenlik yaptı fakat 1930'da yazıları yüzünden görevine son verildi. Almanya'da Siyasal Bilimler dalında eğitim gördü. 1937'de yurda dönünce Devlet Konservatuvarı'na öğretmen olarak girdi. Bazı çeviriler yaptı. Gazete ile dergilerde öyküler yayınladı.

Öğretmenliğine yeniden son verilince, Samsun'da çevirmen olarak çalıştı. Daha sonra yaşamını İstanbul'da çevirileriyle sürdürdü. Resimli Ay, Yeni Edebiyat, Fikirler, Yağmur ve Toprak, Yeni Ufuklar, Ataç, Eylem, Yeni Tanin ve Gerçek dergilerindeki yazılarıyla tanındı. Resimli Ay dergisindeki ilk yazısı "Köyümde Neler Gördüm" ve Yeni Edebiyat'ta yayınlanan "Irgat Hasan ile Bacısı Şefika" adlı öyküsü yüzünden açılan davalarda aklandı. Dünya Mizahından Seçmeler (1971) adlı bir çeviri yapıtı da vardır. 16 Mart 1966'da öldü.

Siyasi Görüşleri
Ölümünün ardından yayınlanan Kemalist Devrim İdeolojisi (1970)'nde yazar o döneme kadarki Kemalizm yorumlarına eleştiriler getirmiş, Klasik Kemalizmi eski düzenin devlet-kapıkulu sistemini yeniden yaratan bir burjuva sınıfını geliştirmekle suçlamış, Kemalizmin en zayıf okunun halkçılık olduğunu söylemiştir. "Şevketçilik" adıyla anarak Şevket Süreyya Aydemir'in şahsiyetine vurgu yaptığı Kadro ve Yön dergilerinin tutumunu da eleştirmiş, onları bir aydın sınıfının her şeyi başaracağına inanarak materyalist değil, idealist bir tutum içerisinde olmakla suçlamıştır. Ona göre yine Kemalist devrimin en büyük başarısızlıklarından biri bir demokratik devrimin en mutlak şartı olan toprak reformunun yapılamamış olmasıdır.

Eserleri

Kitapları
 Türk İnkılabı ya da Şark ve Garp (1940)
 Ansiklopedik Tarih Taraması - Yüzyıllar Boyu İleri Geri Kavgası (1967)
 Kemalist Devrim İdeolojisi (1970)
 Dünya Mizahından Seçmeler (1972)
 Kemalizm ve Türkiye (2004)

Çevirileri
 Yeşil Heinrich - Gottfried Keller (Çeviri 1947)
 Varoluşçuluk - Jean Paul Sartre (Çeviri 1962)
 Freud ve Öğretisi - Stefan Zweig (Çeviri 1965)
 Yahudi Sorunu - Jean Paul Sartre (Çeviri 1965)
 Demir Ökçe - Jack London (Çeviri 1966)
 Asya'nın Avrupa'ya Öğrettiği - Franz Altheim (Çeviri 1967)
 Ölümsüz Ülkeye Doğru: Amazon - Alfred Döblin (Çeviri 1968)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
Emin Türk Eliçin Kültür ve Sanat Vakfı ETEV

20. yüzyıl Türk hikâye yazarları
1906 doğumlular
Resimli Ay kişileri
1966 yılında ölenler
Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Avanos doğumlular
Türk çevirmenler
Türkçeye çeviri yapanlar

Emin Türk Eliçin