Robert Gazizov ( ; født 25. september 1939 i Ufa i Republikken Basjkortostan, Sovjetunionen) er en russisk komponist og lærer,  der er blevet amerikansk statsborger.

Gazizov studerede komposition på Kazan University of Arts og Bashkir Institute of Arts. Han har skrevet 3 symfonier, orkesterværker, koncerter, kammermusik, scenemusik, popmusik og jazzværker etc. Underviste ligeledes i komposition på forskellige skoler og konservatorier i Ufa.

Gazizov var ligeledes formand for komponistforeningen i Ufa, og var direktør for Russian Dramatic Theatre i Ufa.

Udvalgte værker

 Symfoni nr. 1 (1980) - for orkester
 Symfoni nr. 2 (1987) - for orkester
 Symfoni nr. 3 (1994) - for orkester
 Klaverkoncert (1988-1989) - for klaver og orkester
 Violinkoncert (1987) - for violin og orkester
 Symfonisk digtning "Til minde om helte" (1985) - for orkester

Kilde
 Om Robert Gazizov på www.musicweb-international.com

Personer fra Ufa
Komponister fra Rusland
Lærere

Robert Gazizov


لويس دي أرقويو  كان رئيسا لريال مدريد من 1926 إلى 1930.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص لم تذكر تاريخ الوفاة
أشخاص من مدريد
أصحاب أعمال إسبان
أصحاب أعمال إسبان في القرن 20
أصحاب أعمال في القرن 20
أصحاب أعمال من مدريد
دبلوماسيون إسبان
دي أرقويو, لويس
مصرفيون إسبان
مواليد 1899
وفيات 1975

لويس دي أرقويو


ක්‍රමලේඛන භාෂාව යනු විශේෂයෙන් පරිගණකය වැනි යන්ත්‍රයක හැසිරීම පාලනය කිරීමට යොදා ගනු ලබන කෘත්‍රිම භාෂාවකි. ක්‍රමලේඛන භාෂාව පිළිවෙලින් ඒවායේ ව්‍යුහය හා අර්ථය විස්තර කරන ව්‍යාකරණ හා අර්ථ විචාර හා රීති මගින් අර්ථකථනය කෙරෙයි. බහුතර ක්‍රමලේඛන භ‍ාෂාවලට ඒවායේ ව්‍යාකරණ හා අර්ථ විචාරවල විශේෂ ලි‍වීමේ ආකාර ඇත. සමහර ඒවා නිලවශයෙන් ක්‍රියාවට නැංවීමක් මගින් පමණක් අර්ථ දක්වයි.

ක්‍රමලේඛන භාෂාව භාවිතා කරනුයේ තොරතුරු සංවිධානය හා මෙහෙයවීම යන කටයුත්තට පහසුකම් සැලසීමට මෙන්ම, අතිශයින් නිරවද්‍ය ලෙස  ඇල්ගෝරිතම ප්‍රකාශ කිරීමටය. ඇතැම් ක්‍රමලේකයන්  පවතින සියලු ඇල්ගෝරිතම් ප්‍රකාශ කළ හැකි භාෂා බවට ක්‍රමලේඛන භාෂා සීමා කරයි. සමහර විට "පරිගණක භාෂාව" යන වදන වඩාත් සීමාසහිත කෘත්‍රීම භාෂා සදහා භාවිතා කරයි.

දහස් ගණන් වෙනස් ක්‍රමලේඛන භාෂා නිර්මාණය කර තිබෙන අතර නව භාෂා සෑම වසරකම නිර්මාණය කෙරෙයි.

පරිගණක භාෂා
පරිගණක විද්‍යාව

ක්‍රමලේඛන භාෂාව


En ægte Brian er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1997 med instruktion og manuskript af Carsten Fromberg.

Handling
Brian bor på Østerbro i København. Han ryger fede, drikker bajere og laver småbræk, men ønsker sig et liv i en treværelses lejlighed med kone, barn og fast arbejde. Filmen er et pågående og solidarisk portræt af et ungt menneske. En stor del af filmen er optaget af Brian selv og hans venner. Filmen følger Brian fra han er 16 til han er 18 år.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1997

En ægte Brian


(, " script") is the last widely used form of , the historical form of German handwriting that evolved alongside German blackletter (most notably ) typefaces. Graphic artist Ludwig Sütterlin was commissioned by the Prussian Ministry of Science, Art and Culture () to create a modern handwriting script in 1911. His handwriting scheme gradually replaced the older cursive scripts that had developed in the 16th century at the same time that letters in books had developed into Fraktur. The name  is nowadays often used to refer to several similar varieties of old German handwriting, but Sütterlin's own script was taught only from 1915 to 1941 in all German schools.

History
The ministry had asked for "modern" handwriting scripts to be used in offices and to be taught in school. Sütterlin created two scripts in parallel with the two typefaces that were in use (see Antiqua–Fraktur dispute). The  scripts were introduced in Prussia in 1915, and from the 1920s onwards, it began to replace the relatively similar old German handwriting () in schools. In 1935, the  style officially became the only German script taught in schools.

The Nazi Party banned all "broken" blackletter typefaces in 1941, which were seen as chaotic, including , and replaced them with Latin-type letters like Antiqua. However, many German-speakers who had been brought up with that writing system continued to use it well into the postwar period.

 continued to be taught in some German schools until the 1970s but no longer as the primary script.

Characteristics
 is based on older German handwriting, which is a handwriting form of the Blackletter scripts such as  or , the German print scripts which were used during the same time.

It includes the long s (ſ), as well as several standard ligatures such as  (f-f),  (ſ-t),  (s-t), and ß (ſ-z or ſ-s).

Because of their distinctiveness,  letters can be used on the blackboard for certain mathematical symbols that are represented by  letters in print. The lower-case d in  and  is used in proofreading for  ("let it be deleted").

The Sütterlin lower-case 'e' contains two vertical bars close together, in which the origin of the umlaut diacritic (¨) from a small 'e' written above the modified vowel can be seen.

Overview of the letters

(There are two lower case letters "s". The second one is used at the end of a syllable.)

A a
B b
C c
D d
E e
F f
G g
H h
I i
J j
K k
L l
M m
N n
O o
P p
Q q
R r
S ſ s
ß
T t
U u
V v
W w
X x
Y y
Z z
Ä ä
Ö ö
Ü ü

Examples

See also
 Antiqua–Fraktur dispute
 Blackletter
  (letter ß)

  handwriting

Notes

References

External links

 The  script at Omniglot
 German language page about  — with history of German cursive handwriting and Sütterlin
 Learn , a lesson, with sample texts
 Page where text typed is shown in

Blackletter
Penmanship
Western calligraphy
German orthography

Sütterlin


Deuterostomia, Bilateria altâlemine bağlı bir hayvan altâlemidir.

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

Bilateria

Deuterostomia


Peter Baldwin (* 11. Januar 1931 in Winnetka, Illinois; † 19. November 2017 in Pebble Beach, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Schauspieler und Fernsehregisseur.

Leben
Baldwin arbeitete für eine kurze Zeit als Fotomodell, bevor er 1952 einen Schauspielvertrag bei der Paramount erhielt und seine jugendliche, gutaussehende, sportliche Erscheinung in meist positiven Rollen der 1950er Jahre zur Geltung bringen konnte, und sich gleichzeitig als verlässlicher Schauspieler etablierte. Roberto Rossellini holte ihn 1960 für Es war Nacht in Rom nach Italien, wo er bis 1972 eine bescheidene, aber stetige Karriere fortsetzte.

1964 betätigte sich Baldwin erstmals als Regisseur beim US-Fernsehen. In der Folge verlegte er sich von der Schauspielerei zusehends auf seine Arbeit als vielbeschäftigter Fernsehregisseur auf, der bis in die 2000er-Jahre zahllose Episoden für rund 100 Serien drehte. Er war vor allem für Sitcoms wie The Andy Griffith Show, Happy Days, Familienbande, Alf, Wunderbare Jahre, Full House und Sabrina – Total Verhext! tätig. Ab und zu war er auch als Regieassistent für Kinofilme (wie bei Vittorio De Sicas Siebenmal lockt das Weib) tätig.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fernsehregisseur
Filmschauspieler
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1931
Gestorben 2017
Mann

Peter Baldwin (Regisseur)


Et conditional-access module (CA modul) er en elektronisk enhed, normalt inkluderende indgang til et smart card, som kan dekryptere indhold på et digitalt TV eller en tv-modtagerboks.

Det kan for eksempel bruges hvis et lejlighedskompleks har et sløjfeanlæg til TV-signal-fremføring, hvor en og samme ledning sender samme krypterede signal rundt til mange lejligheder. De enkelte lejligheder har så CA-moduler/chipkort som kan dekryptere de kanaler som den enkelte lejlighed har betalt for.

Standardformatet for et CA-modul er et PC card, som kræver et smart card for at kunne autentificere sig; dog findes der også CA-moduler med informationen fra smart card'et indbygget.

Fjernsynsteknologi
Kryptografi
Modularitet

Conditional-access module


Fritz "Fred" Spannuth (* 5. März 1921 in München) ist ein deutscher Jazzmusiker (Tenorsaxophon, Klarinette).

Leben und Wirken
Spannuth spielte in den 1940er Jahren in der Band von Freddie Brocksieper. In den 1950er und 1960er Jahren war er eines der prominentesten Mitglieder des Orchesters von Max Greger. Dort machte er sich nach Wölfer einen guten Namen als ausdrucksstarker Solist. Er nahm Schallplatten unter eigenem Namen, aber auch mit Brocksieper, Greger und 1980 mit dem Munich Jazz Ensemble auf.

Diskographische Hinweise
 Mr. Clarinet (1969)

Lexikalische Einträge
 Jürgen Wölfer: Jazz in Deutschland. Das Lexikon. Alle Musiker und Plattenfirmen von 1920 bis heute. Hannibal, Höfen 2008, ISBN 978-3-85445-274-4.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Jazz-Saxophonist
Jazz-Klarinettist
Musiker (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1921
Mann

Fred Spannuth


Cursa este un film românesc din 1975 regizat de Mircea Daneliuc. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Mircea Albulescu, Tora Vasilescu, Constantin Diplan.

Rezumat

Savu și Panait, șoferi la o întreprindere de utilaje grele, au misiunea de a transporta o piesă-gigant, peste munți, la o exploatare minieră. Pe drum, cei doi o întâlnesc pe tânăra Maria, care are aceeași destinație cu scopul de a-și reîntâlni iubitul miner. Furată de bani și acte, Maria își continuă drumul alături de Savu și de Panait. Amândoi bărbații se vor îndrăgosti de ea.

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Mircea Albulescu — Anghel Savu, șoferul trailerului
 Tora Vasilescu — Maria, o tânără luată ca pasager de șoferii de trailer
 Constantin Diplan — Ion Panait, șoferul trailerului
 Paul Lavric — George, vecinul care s-a mutat în casa lui Savu
 Olga Bucătaru — soția minerului Marin Cadariu
 Adrian Simionescu — nea Fane, șoferul mașinii antemergătoare a trailerului
 Angela Costache — nașa lui George
 Teofil Căliman — nașul lui George
 Constanța Comănoiu — Sabina, soția lui George
 Aristide Teică — Vili, responsabilul bufetului din Ariad
 Constantin Dinulescu — directorul uzinei metalurgice
 Valentin Plătăreanu — Vasile Neagu, economist la întreprinderea minieră din Abirinți, fost coleg de armată cu Panait
 Ion Jugureanu
 Boris Gavlițchi
 Constantin Măru — derbedeul care se bate cu Savu
 Virgil Leahu
 Ion Micu
 Anca Macovei
 Constantin Bîrliba
 Ruxandra Sireteanu — cameramana echipei TVR
 Mihai Marta
 Ion Popa
 Traian Dănceanu
 Francisc Kovaci
 Mircea Daneliuc — reporterul TVR

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1975 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1975
Filme regizate de Mircea Daneliuc
Filme dramatice românești

Cursa (film din 1975)


مهرجان القرين الثقافي هو مهرجان ثقافي، اجتماعي . اقيم لأول مرة في دولة الكويت في الفترة ما بين 23 نوفمبر - 22 ديسمبر 1994 ، بناء على رغبة الشيخ جابر الأحمد الصباح بهدف بحث سبل النهوض بالحركة الفنية والثقافية على أرض الكويت. لتشمل قطاعات الفن والمسرح والفنون التشكيلية والثقافة بشكل عام.

و سمي المهرجان بمهرجان القرين بسبب أسباب تاريخية. فالقرين في الأصل هي أحد أسماء الكويت القديمة، و أيضا تكرميا لأبطال لملحمة القرين التي جسدت المقاومة الشعبية ضد بعض الغزاة على دولة الكويت .

المصدر

ثقافة كويتية
مهرجانات ثقافية في الكويت
مهرجانات فنية في الكويت
مواقع جذب سياحي في الكويت

مهرجان القرين الثقافي


ඉච්ඡාව යනු යම් දෙයක් කෙරෙහි ඇති කැමැත්තයි. ඉච්ඡා-භංගත්වය යනු එම කැමැත්ත ඉටු නොවීමයි.

වදන
ඉච්ඡාව යන වදන සිංහලයට පැමිණ ඇත්තේ ඉච්ඡ යන පාළි වදනින් වේ.

ඉච්ඡා භංගත්වය

ඉච්ඡාව


An Rhynchospora torresiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Nathaniel Lord Britton ngan Paul Carpenter Standley. An Rhynchospora torresiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhynchospora, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhynchospora

Rhynchospora torresiana


هذه قائمة بالأفلام المصرية لسنة 1980 مرتبة أبجديا.

1980
 الأخرس
 الأقوياء
 الباطنية
 البنات عايزه ايه
 امرأة بلا قيد
 انتبهوا أيها السادة
 أذكياء لكن أغبياء
 حبيبي دائما
 سأعود بلا دموع
 شعبان تحت الصفر
 ضربة شمس
 عصر الحب
 غاوي مشاكل
 قصر في الهواء
 لست شيطانا ولا ملاكا
 ليلة بكى فيها القمر

مصر في 1980
قوائم أفلام حسب البلد أو اللغة 1980
8
قوائم أفلام مصرية حسب السنة

قائمة الأفلام المصرية سنة 1980


Vladimír Caldr (* 26. November 1958 in Písek, Tschechoslowakei) ist ein ehemaliger tschechischer Eishockeyspieler und jetziger -trainer.

Karriere
Vladimír Caldr begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler beim TJ Motor České Budějovice, für dessen Seniorenmannschaft er von 1975 bis 1986 in der 1. Liga, der höchsten tschechoslowakischen Spielklasse, aktiv war. Anschließend spielte er ein Jahr lang für den Ligarivalen ASD Dukla Jihlava, ehe er von 1987 bis 1989 erneut für den TJ Motor České Budějovice auflief. Von 1989 bis 1991 stand der Verteidiger bei den Amstel Tijgers Amsterdam in der niederländischen Eredivisie unter Vertrag. In der Saison 1992/93 lief er zunächst für den HC Stadion Hradec Králové in der 1. ČNHL, der zweithöchsten tschechoslowakischen Spielklasse, auf, ehe er im weiteren Saisonverlauf in Deutschland für den ERC Ingolstadt aus der viertklassigen Eishockey-Regionalliga auf dem Eis stand.

In der Saison 1993/94 war Caldr sowohl als Spieler, als auch als Assistenztrainer für seinen Stammverein HC České Budějovice in der nach Teilung der Tschechoslowakei neu gegründeten tschechischen Extraliga tätig. Zudem kam er zu mehreren Einsätzen für den HC Tábor in der zweiten tschechischen Spielklasse. Zur Saison 1994/95 wechselte der Olympiateilnehmer von 1984 komplett in den Betreuerstab von České Budějovice, ehe er von 1995 bis 1998 als Cheftrainer für die Mannschaft verantwortlich war. Zur Saison 1999/2000 übernahm er zusammen mit Jiří Kalous das Amt als Cheftrainer beim Extraliga-Teilnehmer HC Slavia Prag. Als der Klub nach zehn Spieltagen nur auf dem elften Tabellenplatz stand, wurden beide jedoch bereits wieder entlassen.

International
Für die Tschechoslowakei nahm Caldr im Juniorenbereich an den U20-Junioren-Weltmeisterschaften 1977 und 1978 teil. Im Seniorenbereich stand er im Aufgebot seines Landes bei den Weltmeisterschaften 1983 und 1986 sowie bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1984 in Sarajevo und 1984 beim Canada Cup. Bei der WM 1983 und den Olympischen Winterspielen 1984 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft jeweils die Silbermedaille.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1977 Bronzemedaille bei der Junioren-Weltmeisterschaft
 1983 Silbermedaille bei der Weltmeisterschaft
 1984 Silbermedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Eishockeynationalspieler (Tschechoslowakei)
Eishockeyspieler (HC České Budějovice)
Eishockeyspieler (Mountfield HK)
Eishockeyspieler (HC Dukla Jihlava)
Eishockeyspieler (ERC Ingolstadt)
Eishockeyspieler (Amstel Tijgers Amsterdam)
Eishockeytrainer (HC Slavia Prag)
Eishockeytrainer (HC České Budějovice)
Olympiateilnehmer (Tschechoslowakei)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1984
Universiadeteilnehmer (Tschechoslowakei)
Teilnehmer der Winter-Universiade 1983
Sieger bei den World University Games (Eishockey)
Tschechoslowake
Tscheche
Geboren 1958
Mann

Vladimír Caldr


Hacıveliler, Muğla ilinin Yatağan ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Coğrafya

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 YerelNet

Yatağan'ın mahalleleri

Hacıveliler, Yatağan


Peter Crowther ()  un jurnalist britanic, autor de povestiri scurte, romancier, editor, publicist și antologist. Este fondatorul PS Publishing (împreună cu Simon Conway). A editat o serie de antologii cu tematică științifico-fantastică care au fost publicate de DAW books.  Este editorul Postscripts, o antologie înființată în 2004 și care din 2012 a publicat seria Exotic Gothic.

Biografie

Bibliografie

Romane de sine-stătătoare
 Escardy Gap (1996) (cu James Lovegrove)
 Fugue on a G-String (1998)
 Gandalph Cohen and the Land at the End of the Working Day (1999)
 The Hand That Feeds (1999)
 After Happily Ever (2000)
 "By Wizard Oak" (2011)

Serii

Forever Twilight

 Darkness, Darkness (Forever Twilight: Book One) (2002) extinsă în mod semnificativ în "Darkness Falling, Forever Twilight": Book 1 (Angry robot, 2011)
 Windows of the Soul (Forever Twilight: Book Two) (2009)

Colecții de povestiri de Crowther
 The Longest Single Note and Other Strange Compositions (1999)
 Lonesome Roads (1999)
 Cold Comforts (2001) (CDRom)
 Songs of Leaving (2004)
 The Spaces Between the Lines (2007)
 The Land at the End of the Working Day (2008)
 "Jewels in the Dust" (2013)

Povestiri
 Blue Christmas (1991)
 Constant Companion (1992)
 The Visitor (1992)
 Fallen Angel (1993)
 Rustle (1993)
 Morning Terrors (1994)
 All We Know of Heaven (1995)
 Bindlestiff (1995)
 A Breeze from a Distant Shore (1995)
 Conundrums to Guess (1995)
 Home Comforts (1995)
 The Invasion (1995)
 Too Short a Death (1995)
 The Bachelor (1996)
 The Fairy Trap (1996)
 Halfway House (1996)
 Surface Tension (1996)
 A Worse Place than Hell (1996)
 "Boxing Day" (1997)
 The Killing of Davis-Davis (1997)
 The Last Vampire (1997)
 Palindromic (1997)
 Safe Arrival (1997)
 Three Plays a Quarter (1997)
 Tomorrow Eyes (1997)
 The Unbetrayable Reply (1997)
 Elmer (1998)
 Front-Page McGuffin and the Greatest Story Never Told (1998)
 "The Musician of Bremen, GA" (1998)
 Some Burial Place, Vast and Dry (1998)
 Cat On an Old School Roof (1999)
 The Hand that Feeds (1999) (cu James Lovegrove)
 Late Night Pick-up (1999)
 Old Delicious Burdens (1999)
 Setting Free the Daughters of Earth (1999)
 Shatsi (1999)
 "Circling the Drain" (2000)
 Dream a Little Dream for Me... (2000)
 Songs of Leaving (2000)
 Bernard Boyce Bennington And the American Dream (2001)
 "Things I Didn't Know My Father Knew" (2001)
 "Breathing in Faces" (2002)
 "Jewels in the Dust" (2004"
 "The Doorway in Stephenson's Store" (2005)
 "Thoughtful Breaths" (2006)

Antologii editate de Crowther
 Narrow Houses (1992)
 Touch Wood (1993)
 Blue Motel (1994)
 Heaven Sent (1995)
 Tombs (1996)
 Dante's Disciples (1997)
 Destination Unknown (1997)
 Tales in Time (1997)
 Tales in Space (1998)
 Moon Shots (1999)
 Foursight (1999)
 Taps and Sighs (1999)
 Futures (2000)
 Mars Probes (2002)
 Infinities (2002)
 Cities (2003)
 Constellations (2005)
 Forbidden Planets (2006)
 We Think, Therefore We Are (2009)

Premii
 British Fantasy Society :  Cea mi bună colecție (2000) : Lonesome Roads

Ecranizări
 În serialul TV "Fear Itself", un episod din sezonul 1 (Eater) se bazează pe povestirea cu același nume. Aceeași poveste a fost adaptată anterior ca un episod al seriei britanice de groază de antologie "Urban Gothic".

Referințe culturale
 Peter Crowther este menționat în romanul lui Alan Hollinghurst din 2005, The Line of Beauty, chiar în primele rânduri.

Note

Legături externe

Biography from the World Horror Convention
Biography and Bibliography at Fantastic Fiction
Peter Crowther at Scifipedia
PS Publishing

Vezi și
 Listă de editori de literatură științifico-fantastică

Nașteri în 1949
Scriitori englezi
Romancieri englezi
Editori de science-fiction
Jurnaliști englezi
Englezi în viață
Scriitori englezi de literatură științifico-fantastică
Scenariști britanici

Peter Crowther


Miguasha National Park () er et beskyttet område nær Carleton-sur-Mer på Gaspéhalvøen i Québec, Canada. Nationalparken blev oprettet af Québecs regering i 1985 og udpeget til UNESCO-verdensarv i 1999 for sin rigdom af fossiler, der dokumenterer en afgørende periode i evolutionen på Jorden.

Stedet kendes også under en række andre navne: Miguasha Fossil Site, Bay of Escuminac Fossil Site, Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation og Hugh-Miller Cliffs. I forbindelse med fossile fund kaldes det desuden 'Scaumenac Bay' eller 'Scaumenac Bay P.Q.'

Geografi
Nationalparken strækker sig over en 2 km lang smal strækning langs kysten ud mod det sted, hvor Restigouche-floden løber ud i Chaleur-bugten, i alt knap én kvadratkilometer. Denne kyststrækning er præget af klipper, hvor de mange fossiler er fundet.

Geologi
Klippeskrænterne ved kysten består af lag fra sen devon i form af sedimentære bjergarter. Disse bjergarter er på skift sandsten og lerskifer, der er 350-375 millioner år gamle. I nutiden præges området især af birke-, poppel- og fyrreskove.

Palæontologisk betydning
Der er fundet en lang række fossiler i området, og heraf er nogle fiske, fauna- og sporefossiler både ældgamle og sjældne. Blandt disse er Spermasposita, der menes at være den ældste dækfrøede planteslægt i verden.

Miguasha National Park betragtes som verdens største palæontologiske fossilsamling fra devon-perioden, kendt som 'Fiskenes alder'. Fem af de seks vigtigste fossile fiskegrupper fra denne periode (for omkring 370 millioner år siden) er fundet her. En stor mængde af de bedst bevarede fossiler af Sarcopterygii, stamfar til tetrapoderne (som menes at være de første firbenede, luft-indåndende landhvirveldyr), er fundet her.

Nyere historie
Fossilerne blev første gang fundet i Miguasha i 1842 af geologen og lægen Abraham Gesner. Han fandt en række forskellige fossiler, men fundene vakte i første omgang ikke større opmærksomhed. I 1879 gik Wheelock Ells i Gesners fodspor uden at kende til denne, og som Gesner fandt han en række fossiler på stedet. Denne gang blev fundene kendt i en større kreds, og der er siden foretaget en lang række palæontologiske undersøgelser på stedet.

I 1985 opkøbte Québecs regering et stort område på stedet og gjorde det til nationalpark (i Quebec er dette betegnelsen for en provinspark). Til dato er der identificeret og kategoriseret over 5000 fossiler fra Miguasha. Nationalparken blev i 1999 udnævnt til UNESCO-verdensarvsområde.

Museum
I parken findes et museum, hvor der er udstillinger om fossiler og palæontologisk arbejde i parken. Museets samling består af over 9000 genstande.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Parc national de Miguasha, Sépaq
 UNESCO World Heritage Centre - Miguasha National Park på unesco.org

Québec
Verdensarvsområder i Canada

Miguasha National Park


Mariano Rumor (d. 16 Haziran 1915 - ö. 22 Ocak 1990) İtalyan politikacı, Hristiyan Demokrasi'nin liderlerinden ve 1968 - 1970 ile 1972 - 1974 tarihleri arasında İtalya başbakanı.

Padova Üniversitesi'ni bitirdikten sonra öğretmenliğe başladı. II. Dünya Savaşı'nda topçu subayıydı. 1943'te partizanlara katılarak faşistlere ve Alman birliklerine karşı çarpıştı. 1945'te Hristiyan Demokrat Parti'ye girdi. Ertesi yıl yeni İtalya anayasasını hazırlamak üzere oluşturulan kurucu meclise, 1948'de de parlamentoya seçildi.

Alcide De Gasperi ve Giuseppe Pella hükûmetleri dönemindeki tarım müsteşarlığından sonra 1954'te Hristiyan Demokrat Parti'nin başkan yardımcılığına getirildi. 1959-63 arasında Antonio Segni, Fernando Tambroni ve Amintore Fanfani hükûmetleri döneminde tarım bakanlığı görevinde bulundu. İtalya'da tarımın geliştirilmesine yönelik "yeşil plan"ın hazırlanmasında görev aldı. Giovanni Leone'nin hükûmetinde beş ay içişleri bakanlığını yürüttü (1963-64). Bu arada partinin genel sekreteri, daha sonra da siyasal işlerden sorumlu sekreteri oldu. İlk kez 1968'de Hristiyan Demokratlardan oluşan bir hükûmette, daha sonra da merkez-sol partilerle kurulan koalisyon hükûmetlerinde başbakanlığı üstlendi. 1968-74 arasında beş değişik hükûmette başbakanlık yapan Rumor, 1974-76 arasında da dışişleri bakanlığı görevinde bulundu.

Kaynakça

1915 doğumlular
1990 yılında ölenler
İtalya başbakanları
İtalya içişleri bakanları
İtalya tarım bakanları
İtalyan Hristiyanlar
Avrupa Parlamentosu İtalyan üyeleri
İtalya başbakanlık devlet sekreterleri
Avrupa Parlamentosu komisyon başkanları

Mariano Rumor


Kartalaç bir börek çeşididir. Tandır denen ekmek pişirilen yerlerde biraz kalın olarak pişirilen yufka ile yapılır. Arasına maydanoz ile karıştırılmış çökelek peyniri konur. Soba ya da başka bir yerde pişirilir.

Türk mutfağındaki börekler
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan sayfalar

Kartalaç


Asteria bezeichnet

In der griechischen Mythologie:
 Asteria (Tochter des Koios), eine Tochter des Titanen Koios und der Phoibe
 Asteria (Tochter des Alkyoneus), eine Tochter des Giganten Alkyoneus, die sich nach dem Tode des Vaters ins Meer stürzte
 Asteria (Tochter des Danaos), eine Tochter des Danaos und der Hamadryade
 Asteria (Tochter des Kronos), Mutter des Argonauten Idmon
 Asteria (Tochter des Hydeas), mit Bellerophontes Mutter des Hydissos
 Asteria (Tochter des Deioneus), Gemahlin des Phokos
 eine Amazone, von Herakles getötet
 eine Begleiterin des Theseus bei dessen Rückkehr aus Kreta
 eine Hesperide

Weiters:
 einen Asteroiden, siehe (658) Asteria
 eine Pop-Punk-Band, siehe Asteria (Band)
 ein Weltraumteleskop, siehe ASTERIA (Weltraumteleskop)

Asteria


Las diacilglicerol cinasas tipo 2 () son enzimas que catalizan la conversión de diacilglicerol (DAG) a ácido fosfatídico (PA) utilizando ATP como fuente de fosfato.

 1,2-diacilglicerol + ATP  1,2-diacilglicerol-3-fosfato + ADP

Los genes de las diacilglicerol cinasas tipo 2 presentes en el ser humano son: DGKD, DGKH y DGKK. Este tipo de diacilglicerol cinasas se caracteriza por la presencia de un dominio homólogo a la pleckstrina.

DGKD

La DGKD puede funcionar como molécula señalizadora. En el ser humano se conocen dos isoformas de esta isozima: isoforma 1 e isoforma 2. La isoforma 2 puede que participe en el crecimiento de la célula, en la tumorigénesis y en la endocitosis dependiente de la clatrina. La enzima es parcialmente inhibida por la fosfatidilserina. Las dos isoformas son capaces de formar estructuras homo- y hetero-oligoméricas (como mínimo tetrámeros). La isoforma 2 interacciona con AP2A2. La isoforma 2 se localiza en el citoplasma y la isoforma 1 se localiza en la membrana periférica. La isoforma 2 se expresa en muchos tejidos incluidos los tumorales. La isoforma 1 se expresa en los ovarios, bazo y algunas células derivadas de tumores.

DGKH

En el ser humano se conocen tres isoformas de la DGKH: isoforma 1, isoforma 2 e isoforma 3. La isoforma 1 forma homo-oligómeros a través de un dominio SAM. La isoforma 1 también es capaz de formar hetero-oligómeros con las isoformas de la DGKD que contengan un dominio SAM. La oligomerización de la isoforma 1 inhibe su actividad catalítica.

Se localiza en el citoplasma, pero se translocaliza desde el citoplasma a los endosomas en respuesta a los estímulos de estrés. La isoforma 2 se relocaliza rápidamente al citoplasma una vez se han eliminado los estímulos de estrés, mientras que la isoforma 1 exhibe una asociación endosomal sostenida. La isoforma 2 se expresa en muchos tejidos. La isoforma 1 se expresa solamente en los testículos, riñones y colon.

DGKK

La DGKK es inhibida por el agua oxigenada. No forma homo-oligómeros. Se localiza en el citoplasma y en la membrana. Es expresada en los testículos y en menor medida en la placenta.

Referencias

Diacilglicerol cinasas
EC 2.7.1

Diacilglicerol cinasa tipo 2


Olaylar
 Avrupa Hun Devleti kuruldu.

Doğumlar
 I. Alarik, Vizigot kralı (ö. 410)
 İskenderiyeli Hypatia, Yunan filozof, matematikçi ve astronom (ö. 415)

Ölümler

370


Salomé est un film américain réalisé par Al Pacino, et sorti en 2013.

Il s'agit de l'adaptation de la pièce d'Oscar Wilde sur Salomé.

Synopsis
L'histoire biblique de Salomé, une jeune fille qui accepte d'exécuter la "danse des sept voiles" en échange de la tête de Jean-Baptiste sur un plateau d'argent.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Salomé
 Réalisation : Al Pacino
 Scénario : Oscar Wilde
 Production : Benni Atoori, Tod Blatt, Robert Ekblom, Michael Feifer, Robert Fox, Andrea Grano, Nader Hassen, George Ann Mason, Barry Navidi, Amy Nederlander, Reza Rashidian, Daryl Roth, Joyce San Pedro et Sakiko Yamada
 Société de production : Stonelock Pictures, Barry Navidi Productions
 Photographie : Benoît Delhomme
 Montage : Pasquale Buba, David Leonard, Jeremy Weiss

 Musique : Aldo Shllaku
 Pays d'origine : Etats-Unis
 Genre : Drame, Historique
 Langue : anglais
 Durée : 1h 21min
 Dates de sortie :
 Etats-Unis : 10 août 2013 (Los Angeles, Californie)
 Royaume-Uni : 21 septembre 2014
 Irlande : 21 septembre 2014

Distribution
 Jessica Chastain : La princesse Salomé
 Al Pacino : Le roi Hérode
 Kevin Anderson : Jean le Baptiste
 Philip Rhys Claudhary : Le jeune Syrien
 Ralph Guzzo : Chef juif Nazaréen
 Roxanne Hart : La princesse Hérodiade
 Steve Roman : Cappadocien
 Joe Roseto : Narraboth, le jeune Syrien capitaine de la garde
 Jack Stehlin : Chef juif Nazaréen

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti  en 2013
Film dramatique américain
Film historique américain
Adaptation de la Bible au cinéma

Salomé (film, 2013)


Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that princes, popes, and other wealthy and influential people have provided to artists such as musicians, painters, and sculptors. It can also refer to the right of bestowing offices or church benefices, the business given to a store by a regular customer, and the guardianship of saints. The word patron derives from the Latin  ('patron'), one who gives benefits to his clients (see patronage in ancient Rome).

In some countries the term is used to describe political patronage or patronal politics, which is the use of state resources to reward individuals for their electoral support. Some patronage systems are legal, as in the Canadian tradition of the prime minister to appoint senators and the heads of a number of commissions and agencies; in many cases, these appointments go to people who have supported the political party of the prime minister. As well, the term may refer to a type of corruption or favoritism in which a party in power rewards groups, families, or ethnicities for their electoral support using illegal gifts or fraudulently awarded appointments or government contracts. The opposite of this structure, where all individuals advance based on their personal traits and abilities, is meritocracy.

In many Latin American countries, patronage developed as a means of population control, concentrating economic and political power in a small minority which held privileges that the majority of the population did not. In this system, the  holds authority and influence over a less powerful person, whom he protects by granting favors in exchange for loyalty and allegiance. With roots in feudalism, the system was designed to maintain an inexpensive, subservient labor force, which could be utilized to limit production costs and allow wealth and its privileges to be monopolized by a small elite. Long after slavery, and other forms of bondage like the  and  systems were abolished, patronage was used to maintain rigid class structures. With the rise of a labor class, traditional patronage changed in the 20th century to allow some participation in power structures, but many systems still favor a small powerful elite, who distribute economic and political favors in exchange for benefits to the lower classes.

Arts
From the ancient world onward, patronage of the arts was important in art history. It is known in greatest detail in reference to medieval and Renaissance Europe, though patronage can also be traced in feudal Japan, the traditional Southeast Asian kingdoms, and elsewhere—art patronage tended to arise wherever a royal or imperial system and an aristocracy dominated a society and controlled a significant share of resources. Samuel Johnson defined a patron as "one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help".

Rulers, nobles, and very wealthy people used patronage of the arts to endorse their political ambitions, social positions, and prestige. That is, patrons operated as sponsors. Many languages have terms for patrons (such as the English "mecenate") that are derived from the name of Gaius Maecenas, generous friend and adviser to the Roman Emperor Augustus. Some patrons, such as the Medici family of Florence, used artistic patronage to "cleanse" wealth that was perceived as ill-gotten through usury. Art patronage was especially important in the creation of religious art. The Roman Catholic Church and later Protestant groups sponsored art and architecture, as seen in churches, cathedrals, painting, sculpture and handicrafts.

While sponsorship of artists and the commissioning of artwork is the best-known aspect of the patronage system, other disciplines also benefited from patronage, including those who studied natural philosophy (pre-modern science), musicians, writers, philosophers, alchemists, astrologers, and other scholars. Artists as diverse and important as Chrétien de Troyes, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson all sought and enjoyed the support of noble or ecclesiastical patrons. Figures as late as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven also participated in the system to some degree; it was only with the rise of bourgeois and capitalist social forms in the middle 19th century that European culture moved away from its patronage system to the more publicly supported system of museums, theaters, mass audiences and mass consumption that is familiar in the contemporary world.

This kind of system continues across many fields of the arts. Though the nature of the sponsors has changed—from churches to charitable foundations, and from aristocrats to plutocrats—the term patronage has a more neutral connotation than in politics. It may simply refer to direct support (often financial) of an artist, for example by grants. In the latter part of the 20th century, the academic sub-discipline of patronage studies began to evolve, in recognition of the important and often neglected role that the phenomenon of patronage had played in the cultural life of previous centuries.

Charity
Charitable and other non-profit making organizations often seek one or more influential figureheads to act as patrons. The relationship often does not involve money. As well as conferring credibility, these people can use their contacts and charisma to assist the organization to raise funds or to affect government policy. The British royal family are especially prolific in this respect, devoting a large proportion of their time to a wide range of causes.

Commercial
Sometimes consumers support smaller or local businesses or corporations out of loyalty even if less expensive options exist. Their regular custom is referred to as 'patronage'. Patronage may entitle members of a cooperative to a share of the surplus or profit generated by the co-op, called a patronage refund. This refund is a form of dividend.

Ecclesiastical

Anglican
See main articles Advowson and Parish
In the Church of England, patronage is the commonly used term for the right to present a candidate to a benefice.

Catholic

Patronage of Our Lady
The liturgical feast of the Patronage of Our Lady was first permitted by decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites on 6 May 1679, for all the ecclesiastical provinces of Spain, in memory of the victories obtained over the Saracens, heretics and other enemies from the sixth century to the reign of Philip IV of Spain. Pope Benedict XII ordered it to be kept in the Papal States on the third Sunday of November. To other places it is granted, on request, for some Sunday in November, to be designated by the ordinary. In many places, the feast of the Patronage is held with an additional Marian title of Queen of All Saints, of Mercy, Mother of Graces. The Office is taken entirely from the Common of the Blessed Virgin, and the Mass is the "Salve sancta parens".

Presbyterian
The Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711, (in force until 1874) resulted in multiple secessions from the Church of Scotland, including the secession of 1733, which led to the formation of the Associate Presbytery, the secession of 1761, which led to the formation of the Relief Church, and the Disruption of 1843, which led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland.

Journalism
While most news companies, particularly in North America are funded through advertising revenue, secondary funding sources include audience members and philanthropists who donate to for-profit and non-profit organizations.

Politics
Political leaders have at their disposal a great deal of patronage, in the sense that they make decisions on the appointment of officials inside and outside government (for example on quangos in the UK). Patronage is therefore a recognized power of the executive branch. In most countries, the executive has the right to make many appointments, some of which may be lucrative (see also sinecures). In some democracies, high-level appointments are reviewed or approved by the legislature (as in the advice and consent of the United States Senate); in other countries, such as those using the Westminster system, this is not the case. Other types of political patronage may violate the laws or ethics codes, such as when political leaders engage in nepotism (hiring family members) and cronyism such as fraudulently awarding non-competitive government contracts to friends or relatives or pressuring the public service to hire an unqualified family member or friend.

Philippines
Political patronage, also known as "padrino system", has been the source of many controversies and corruption. It has been an open secret that one cannot join the political arena of the Philippines without mastery of the padrino system. From the lowest barangay official to the President of the Republic, it is expected that one gains political debts and dispenses political favor to advance one's career or gain influence, if not wealth.

Russia
After Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin's retirement from politics in March 1923 following a stroke, a power struggle began between Soviet Premier Alexei Rykov, Pravda editor Nikolai Bukharin, Profintern leader Mikhail Tomsky, Red Army founder Leon Trotsky, former Premier Lev Kamenev, Comintern leader Grigory Zinoviev, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin. Stalin used patronage to appoint many Stalinist delegates (such as Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Grigory Ordzhonikidze, and Mikhail Kalinin) to the Party Politburo and Sovnarkom in order to sway the votes in his favour, making Stalin the effective leader of the country by 1929.

South Africa
In 2012, the African National Congress (ANC) mayor of Beaufort West in the Western Cape Province wrote a letter that openly and illegally solicited funds from the Construction Education and Training Authority for the ANC's 2016 election campaign. This episode, amongst many others including instances revolving around President Jacob Zuma, revealed how the African National Congress as ruling political party utilized patronage to reward supporters and strengthen the leading faction of the party's control over governmental institutions.

United States

In the United States during the Gilded Age, patronage became a controversial issue. Tammany boss William M. Tweed was an American politician who ran what is considered now to have been one of the most corrupt political machines in the country's history. Tweed and his corrupt associates ruled for a brief time with absolute power over the city and state of New York. At the height of his influence, Tweed was the third-largest landowner in New York City, a director of the Erie Railway, the Tenth National Bank, and the New-York Printing Company, as well as proprietor of the Metropolitan Hotel. At times he was a member of the United States House of Representatives, the New York City Board of Advisors, and the New York State Senate. In 1873, Tweed was convicted for diverting between $40 million and $200 million of public monies.

Six months after James Garfield became president in 1881, Charles J. Guiteau, a disappointed office-seeker, assassinated him. To prevent further political violence and to assuage public outrage, Congress passed the Pendleton Act in 1883, which set up the Civil Service Commission. Henceforth, applicants for most federal government jobs would have to pass an examination. Federal politicians' influence over bureaucratic appointments waned, and patronage declined as a national political issue.

Beginning in 1969, a Supreme Court case in Chicago, Michael L. Shakman v. Democratic Organization of Cook County, occurred involving political patronage and its constitutionality. Shakman claimed that much of the patronage going on in Chicago politics was unlawful on the grounds of the first and fourteenth amendments. Through a series of legal battles and negotiations, the two parties agreed upon The Shakman Decrees. Under these decrees, it was declared that the employment status of most public employees could not be affected positively or negatively based on political allegiance, with exceptions for politically inclined positions. The case is still in negotiation today, as there are points yet to be decided.

Political patronage is not always considered corrupt. In the United States, the U.S. Constitution provides the president with the power to appoint individuals to government positions. The president also may appoint personal advisers without congressional approval. Not surprisingly, these individuals tend to be supporters of the president. Similarly, at the state and local levels, governors and mayors retain appointments powers. Some scholars have argued that patronage may be used for laudable purposes, such as the "recognition" of minority communities through the appointment of their members to a high-profile position. Bearfield has argued that patronage be used for four general purposes: create or strengthen a political organization; achieve democratic or egalitarian goals; bridge political divisions and create coalitions, and to alter the existing patronage system.

Venezuela

Boliburguesía is a term that was coined by journalist Juan Carlos Zapata in order to "define the oligarchy that has developed under the protection of the Chavez government". During Hugo Chávez's tenure, he seized thousands of properties and businesses while also reducing the footprint of foreign companies. Venezuela's economy was then largely state-run and was operated by military officers that had their business and government affairs connected. Senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, Harold Trinkunas, stated that involving the military in business was "a danger", with Trinkunas explaining that the Venezuelan military "has the greatest ability to coerce people, into business like they have". According to Bloomberg Business, "[b]y showering contracts on former military officials and pro-government business executives, Chavez put a new face on the system of patronage".

Science
There are historical examples where the noble classes financed scientific pursuits.

Many Barmakids were patrons of the sciences, which greatly helped the propagation of Indian science and scholarship from the neighboring Academy of Gundishapur into the Arabic world. They patronized scholars such as Jabir ibn Hayyan and Jabril ibn Bukhtishu. They are also credited with the establishment of the first paper mill in Baghdad. The power of the Barmakids in those times is reflected in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights; the vizier Ja'far appears in several stories, as well as a tale that gave rise to the expression "Barmecide feast".

Sports
In the same manner as commercial patronage, those who attend a sporting event may be referred to as patrons, though the usage in much of the world is now considered archaic—with some notable exceptions. Those who attend the Masters Tournament, one of the four major championships of professional golf, are still traditionally referred to as "patrons," largely at the insistence of the Augusta National Golf Club. This insistence is occasionally made fun of by sportswriters and other media. In polo, a "patron" is a person who puts together a team by hiring one or more professionals. The rest of the team may be amateurs, often including the patron themself.

Also, people who attend hurling or Gaelic football games organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association are referred to as patrons.

See also
 Angel investor
 Benefactor (law)
 Civil service reform (disambiguation)
 Community-supported agriculture
 Corporate social responsibility
 Patreon
 Premiere
 Sinecure

References

Further reading

  This is the reference for the Canon law section.

External links

Philanthropy
Political terminology
The arts

Patronage


Ihor Ihorovych Kostenko (; 31 de dezembro de 1991 – 20 de fevereiro de 2014) foi um jornalista, estudante, ativista e editor da Wikipédia morto durante o Euromaidan.

Biografia

Kostenko nasceu em Zubrets, no Oblast de Ternopil. Ele foi criado por seus avós, pois seus pais trabalhavam principalmente em São Petersburgo. Quando criança, ele frequentou São Josaphat Buchatskiy, uma escola paroquial católica ucraniana em Buchach. Ele tinha uma irmã, Inna.

Kostenko recebeu seu diploma de bacharel em 2013 e foi um estudante de pós-graduação do primeiro ano em geografia na Universidade de Lviv, na Ucrânia Ocidental. Sua tese foi o desenvolvimento da indústria do turismo em Buchach. HeEle também trabalhou como jornalista para a edição online do site de esportes Sportanalitika (Sport Analytics).

Ele também foi um colaborador regular da Wikipédia em ucraniano sob o apelido Ig2000, criando mais de 280 artigos sobre aviação, economia, futebol e outros assuntos. O artigo de Kostenko sobre o destruidor soviético Nezamozhnik foi reconhecido com a classificação de "artigo bom".

Morte

Kostenko foi a Kiev em 18 de fevereiro para participar das manifestações Euromaidan, o movimento pró-ocidental que eclodiu depois que o governo da Ucrânia se recusou a ratificar sua decisão anterior de aderir à União Europeia.  Ele se juntou a outros amigos de Lviv na construção de barricadas para proteger os manifestantes. O confronto entre manifestantes e policiais se agravou na madrugada de 19 de fevereiro, e franco-atiradores começaram a atirar nos manifestantes.

Em 20 de fevereiro de 2014, o corpo de Kostenko foi encontrado na rua, perto do Palácio de Outubro. Ele tinha ferimentos de bala na cabeça e no coração, e várias fraturas nas pernas.

No dia seguinte à sua morte, um amigo de Kostenko, Yuriy Muryn, lembrou-se de suas últimas conversas com Kostenko. "Ele acabou de me ligar ontem e eu não o ouvi tocar. Eu o chamei de volta hoje e ele não atendeu. Eu simplesmente não consigo entender", disse Muryn. "E durante os primeiros motins em Hrushevskoho, ele me enviou o número de telefone de sua namorada, dizendo: 'Diga-lhe que a amo, se algo acontecer'. Pensei que ele estava brincando, mas quando os tumultos eclodiram novamente, ele perguntou: 'Você se lembra do meu pedido?""

Em 22 de fevereiro, uma procissão de centenas de pessoas seguiu seu carro funerário levando Kostenko de Kiev a Lviv para seu funeral. Mais de quinhentos enlutados realizaram uma vigília à luz de velas em Ternopil. Kostenko e outras seis vítimas do Euromaidan foram lamentadas em 23 de fevereiro na Natividade da Virgem Maria em Lviv.

Legado
Em 21 de novembro de 2014, juntamente com os outros ativistas mortos durante o Euromaidan, Kostenko recebeu postumamente o título de "Herói da Ucrânia", o maior prêmio nacional que um cidadão ucraniano pode ganhar.

Kostenko também foi nomeado o Wikimedista do Ano em 2014. O fundador da Wikipedia Jimmy Wales anunciou o prêmio durante a Wikimania em agosto daquele ano em Londres.  Wales entregou o prêmio à irmã de Kostenko, Inna, no mês seguinte, em Kiev.

A revista do Ministério da Educação e Ciência da Ucrânia nomeou Kostenko postumamente como "Estudante do Ano". O auditório da Universidade de Lviv foi renomeado para "Auditório Memorial Ihor Kostenko" em sua homenagem.

Ver também
 Prisão de Mark Bernstein

Ligações externas

 "Wikipedian of the Year" Awarded in Kyiv
 Reportagem sobre os funerais de Kostenko e Vasyl Moisei
 Perfil de Kostenko no Memorial "Heavenly Hundred"

Assassinados em 2014
Ativistas da Ucrânia
Jornalistas assassinados
Jornalistas da Ucrânia

Ihor Kostenko


දාර්ශනික කියමන්

1. පල්ලියට යන සියල්ල ශාන්තුවරයන් නොවේ..
2. රෝමයේ සිටින විට රෝමානුවෙකු ලෙස හැසිරෙන්න..
3. සතුට හා ප්‍රීතිය උරුම වන්නේ සැපතේදී හිස උදුම්මා නොගන්නා වූත් දුකෙහිදී වඩා කම්පා නොවන්නා පුද්ගලයන් හටය..
4. මුරකරුවා සිටින තෙක් නොසිට, තමාම තම ආරක්ෂාව සලසා ගන්නා අය ජීවිතේ වගකීම ඉටු කර ගනී...
5. මා දන්නා එකම දෙයනම් මා කිසිවක් නොදන්නා බවයි.

කියමන්


Dunton is the name of more than one place.

In the United Kingdom:

Dunton, Bedfordshire
Dunton, Buckinghamshire
Dunton, Norfolk
Dunton Bassett, Leicestershire
Dunton Green, Kent
Dunton, Essex
Dunton Wayletts, Essex
Dunton Technical Centre, Essex

See also

Danton (name)

Dunton


Fiyort, denizin buzul vadilerini basması sonucunda oluşan ve çoğunlukla iç kesimlere kadar sokulan; ince, uzun, genellikle çok derin ve kenarları çok dik körfez.  Fiyortlar; genellikle Norveç, Grönland, Alaska gibi kuzey ülkelerinde görülen ilginç bir kıyı tipidir. Norveç'teki Sognefjord' un derinliği 1.234m, Şili'deki Messier kanalının derinliği ise 1.270m'dir. Bu fiyortlardan özellikle Norveç'tekiler dünyanın en güzel görünümlerini oluştururlar. Suya gömülü bu vadiler bu kadar derin olması, buzul kökenli olmalarıyla açıklanır. Bu vadilerde oluşan çok iri, kalın ve ağır buzulların, okyanus sularına karışmadan önce vadi tabanını deniz düzeyinin altına inecek kadar aşındırdığı sanılmaktadır. Buzullar eridikten sonra bu vadileri deniz suyu kaplamıştır. Fiyortların orta ve üst kesimleri denize açılan kesimlerinden genellikle daha sarptır. Bu durum, buzulların kaynaklarına yakın bölgelerde daha hızlı hareket etmesinden ve bu nedenle aşındırma etkisinin daha fazla olmasından ileri gelir. Fiyortları eşik bölgeleri sığdır bu nedenle de çoğunun dibinde, durgun su ve hidrojen sülfür içeren siyah çamur bulunur.

Buzul aşındırması U biçiminde vadileri oluşturduğundan fiyortlar çoğunlukla bu biçimdedir. U'nun alt kesimi su altında kaldığından, fiyortların duvarları su kıyısından dikey olarak yüzlerce metre yükseğe çıkabilir ve kıyı yakınlarında da su derinliği birkaç yüz metreyi bulabilir. Dünyanın en büyük çavlanlarından bazıları, bu tür fiyortların üstünden dökülen küçük akarsularca oluşturulur. Fiyortların genellikle kıvrımlı kanalları ve bazen de keskin köşeleri vardır. Tabanı buzul döküntüleriyle kaplı olan vadi çoğu durumda içerilerdeki dağlara kadar uzanır. Vadinin tepesinde bazen küçük bir buzul kalıntısı bulunur. Özgün vadiyi oluşturmuş olan akarsu, buzun ortadan kalmasından sonra çoğunlukla üst vadinin tabanında yeniden ortaya çıkar ve fiyordun ağzında bir delta yaratmaya başlar. Ancak asıl fiyordun sarp kıyılarında, pek eğimli yamaçlarında, tarım yapılamaz. Topraklar verimli olmadığı gibi iklim de elverişli değildir; vejetasyon dönemi kısa sürer. Ayrıca gemiler için doğal barınak işlevine sahip fiyordlar genellikle gemiciliğin, balıkçılığın gelişmesi açısından da önemlidir. Norveç ekonomisinde deniz teciminin, balıkçılığın bir numara yer tutmasında fiyordların birinci derecede önemi bulunmaktadır.

Galeri

Kaynakça

Fiyort


تسو تسى (左慈) هي شخصية أسطورية من فترة الممالك الثلاث من الصين. سنوات من الولادة والوفاة غير معروفة، ومن المعتقد أنه كان موجودا قبل انهيار أسرة هان.

مراجع

أشخاص من آنهوي
سير بطولية وأسطوريات شعبية
مئويون رجال
مئويون صينيون
وفيات 280

تسو تسى


In mathematics, in particular in homotopy theory within algebraic topology, the homotopy lifting property (also known as an instance of the right lifting property or the covering homotopy axiom) is a technical condition on a continuous function from a topological space E to another one, B. It is designed to support the picture of E "above" B by allowing a homotopy taking place in B to be moved "upstairs" to E.

For example, a covering map has a property of unique local lifting of paths to a given sheet; the uniqueness is because the fibers of a covering map are discrete spaces. The homotopy lifting property will hold in many situations, such as the projection in a vector bundle, fiber bundle or fibration, where there need be no unique way of lifting.

Formal definition
Assume all maps are continuous functions between topological spaces. Given a map , and a space , one says that  has the homotopy lifting property, or that  has the homotopy lifting property with respect to , if:

for any homotopy , and
for any map  lifting  (i.e., so that ),

there exists a homotopy  lifting  (i.e., so that ) which also satisfies .

The following diagram depicts this situation:

The outer square (without the dotted arrow) commutes if and only if the hypotheses of the lifting property are true. A lifting  corresponds to a dotted arrow making the diagram commute. This diagram is dual to that of the homotopy extension property; this duality is loosely referred to as Eckmann–Hilton duality.

If the map  satisfies the homotopy lifting property with respect to all spaces , then  is called a fibration, or one sometimes simply says that  has the homotopy lifting property.

A weaker notion of fibration is Serre fibration, for which homotopy lifting is only required for all CW complexes .

Generalization: homotopy lifting extension property
There is a common generalization of the homotopy lifting property and the homotopy extension property.  Given a pair of spaces , for simplicity we denote .  Given additionally a map , one says that  has the homotopy lifting extension property if:
 For any homotopy , and
 For any lifting  of , there exists a homotopy  which covers  (i.e., such that ) and extends  (i.e., such that ).

The homotopy lifting property of  is obtained by taking , so that  above is simply .

The homotopy extension property of  is obtained by taking  to be a constant map, so that  is irrelevant in that every map to E is trivially the lift of a constant map to the image point of .

See also
 Covering space
 Fibration

Notes

References

 .
 Jean-Pierre Marquis (2006) "A path to Epistemology of Mathematics: Homotopy theory", pages 239 to 260 in The Architecture of Modern Mathematics, J. Ferreiros & J.J. Gray, editors, Oxford University Press

External links

Homotopy theory
Algebraic topology

Homotopy lifting property


Die Kaukasische Wieseneidechse  (Darevskia praticola) ist eine Eidechsenart, die im Kaukasus, Dagestan, Georgien, dem nördlichen Armenien, dem nördlichen und südöstlichen Aserbaidschan und dem nordwestlichen Iran vorkommt. In Europa besiedelt sie den Nordosten Serbiens, den Süden Rumäniens, das östliche Bulgarien, das nordöstliche Griechenland, den europäischen Teil der Türkei und die südrussische Region Krasnodar.

Merkmale
Die Kaukasische Wieseneidechse erreicht eine Länge von 14 bis 16 cm. Fünf bis sechs Zentimeter davon sind die reine Körperlänge, der Schwanz ist noch mal 1,5- bis 2-mal so lang. Sie ist auf der Rückenseite bräunlich gefärbt und mit einem breiten, hellbraunen bis rotbraunen Mittelband gemustert, das an den Rändern von schwarzen Flecken gesäumt wird. Entlang der Flanken erstrecken sich dunkelbraune, unten hell gesäumte Bänder. Der Bauch ist weißlich, gelb oder grünlich und ungefleckt. Ihre Beine sind kurz. Die Rückenschuppen sind groß und gekielt und werden zur Seite hin kleiner und schmaler. Die Schuppen des Halsband sind gezähnt.

Lebensweise
Die Kaukasische Wieseneidechse kommt im Flachland, bis in Höhen von 800 Metern vor. Sie lebt in feuchten und schattigen Laubwäldern und verkrauteten, feuchten Wiesen. Dabei bewohnt sie vor allem den Erdboden, kann jedoch auch gut klettern und ist tagaktiv. Im Frühjahr legt das Weibchen drei bis sechs Eier.

Unterarten
 Darevskia praticola hungarica (, 1930)
 Darevskia praticola hyrcanica  ,  & , 2011
 Darevskia praticola loriensis , , , ,  & , 2013
 Darevskia praticola praticola (, 1834)

Die ehemalige Unterart Darevskia praticola pontica ( & , 1919) wird als eigene Art eingestuft.

Literatur
 Axel Kwet: Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10237-8.

Weblinks

Echte Eidechsen

Kaukasische Wieseneidechse


Wakonda (Wakanda), Wakonda je velika stvaralačka moć plemena Osage, Omaha i Ponca. Wakonda je apstraktna, sveprisutna kreativna sila koja nikada nije personificirana u tradicionalnim siouanskim legendama, a zapravo nije ni imala rod prije uvođenja engleskog jezika sa svojim rodno specifičnim zamjenicama.

Izvori

Indijanska mitologija (bogovi stvaratelji)
Omaha
Osage
Ponca

Wakonda


An Aristida stipitata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel. An Aristida stipitata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aristida, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Namibia.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 A. s. graciliflora
 A. s. ramifera
 A. s. robusta
 A. s. spicata

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Aristida

Aristida stipitata


Kaštel i ljetnikovac Cambi (Cambio) u mjestu Kambelovcu, Obala kralja Tomislava, Grad Kaštela, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Godine 1478. splitski knez Andrija Grigorio dodjeljuje braći Jerolimu i Antonu Cambi jednu hrid u moru na prostoru Dilata na kojoj će moći osnovati i sagraditi kuću za sklonište težaka. Braća su prema toj odluci sagradili kulu kružne tlocrtne osnove i most prema kopnu. Godine 1566. Frane Cambi nasuo je prostor sjeverno i istočno od kule i utvrdio ga obrambenim zidom s kulama na sjeverozapadu i jugoistoku. Kula je sačuvala svoj izvorni izgled. Sastoji se od prizemlja, tri kata i mašikula na četvrtom katu. Oko kule se formirao sklop kuća obitelji Cambi. Na istočnom pročelju današnje trokatnice vidljiva je lastavica nekadašnje kuće te bogata renesansna balustrada.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-3016 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "vojne i obrambene građevine".

Vidi
kaštel Cambio

Izvori

Zaštićene vojne i obrambene građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Građevine u Kaštel Kambelovcu
Utvrde u Hrvatskoj

Kaštel i ljetnikovac Cambi u Kaštel Kambelovcu


The University of New Haven (UNH) is a private university in West Haven, Connecticut. Between its main campus in West Haven and its graduate school campus in Orange, Connecticut, the university grounds cover about 122 acres of land. The university also operates a satellite campus in Prato, Italy. The university is a member of the Northeast-10 Conference and its mascot is a charger, a medieval war horse.

History
The University of New Haven was founded in 1920 as the New Haven YMCA Junior College, a division of Northeastern University, which shared buildings, laboratories, and faculty members at Yale University, for nearly 40 years.

Milestones
1920 – New Haven YMCA Junior College was founded as a branch of Northeastern University.
1923 – First associate degrees awarded
1926 – Received state charter as "New Haven College"
1948 – Received accreditation by the New England Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools
1958 – Received authorization to offer Bachelor of Science degrees in business and engineering
1960 – Moved to West Haven to the site of a former county orphanage, Ellis C. Maxcy Hall
1965 – Constructed Student Center
1966 – Received accreditation for baccalaureate programs
1968 – Constructed engineering building
1969 – Opened graduate school program, constructed first residence hall
1970 – Renamed "University of New Haven"
1971 – Added athletic complex
1974 – Constructed Marvin K. Peterson Library
1975 – Purchased Harugari Hall
1985 – Acquired Arbeiter Maenner Chor
1991 – Constructed new building for admissions
1995 – Relocation of Southeastern Branch to Mitchell College in New London
2012 – Opened the satellite campus in Prato, Italy
2013 – Purchased the Orange Campus
2014 – Annexed the Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts
2018 – Introduced plans for the "Building for Success" campaign including addition of Bergami Center of Science, Technology, and Innovation to campus, upgrades to Dodds Hall, and renovations to residence hall and athletic facilities.
2018 – Announced discontinuation of degree-granting academic offerings at Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts
2019 – Announced that inaugural comprehensive campaign, the Charger Challenge, exceeded its original goal of $100 million, and reset goal at $120 million.
2020 – Opened the Bergami Center for Science, Technology, and Innovation and celebrated 100 years of being an educational institution.

Academics
The University of New Haven has nearly 100 undergraduate programs and 50 graduate programs. Around 33% of students are enrolled in arts and sciences, 21% in business, 12% in engineering, and 34% in criminal justice and forensic sciences.

The University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education (formerly the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education of the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, Inc.), and has been since 1948.

The University of New Haven is featured in the Princeton Review's 2024 "Best 389 Colleges" guidebook, the 8th year in a row the university was included in the Princeton Review's annual ratings of the nation's top colleges and universities.

In the 2023 U.S. News & World Report rankings, the University of New Haven was tied for 58th in the regional universities (north) category.

In 2015, the University of New Haven's College of Business received accreditation from AACSB International, and in 2020 that accreditation was renewed through the 2024-2025 academic year.

Campus
The University of New Haven currently houses 48 campus buildings, including the Henry C. Lee Institute of Forensic Science – and the newest building, the Bergami Center for Science, Technology, and Innovation. This includes 14 on- and off-campus, university-sponsored residence halls.

Henry C. Lee Institute of Forensic Science

The Henry C. Lee Institute of Forensic Science opened on the campus of the University of New Haven in the fall of 1998. Henry C. Lee has been a member of the UNH faculty since 1975. The institute was dedicated on October 15, 2010, and consists of a crime scene center, crisis management center, museum, laboratories, classrooms, a 104-seat lecture hall, and Lee's office.

The institute is also known for holding multiple lectures and classes throughout the year, all of which are taught by practitioners with forensic experience. Popular and often recurring topics include crime-scene and evidence photography, death and homicide investigation, advanced blood stain and pattern analysis, and many others. It has specialties in interdisciplinary research, training, testing, consulting, and education in forensic science, and is able to accomplish this by housing six centers of excellence:

the National Cold Case Center
the Learning Center
the Forensic and Emergency Crisis Management Command Center
an Advanced Technology Center
the National Crime Scene Training Center
a Research and Training Center

Athletics

The New Haven Chargers, the university's intercollegiate athletic teams, compete in NCAA Division II. The Chargers' 20 athletics teams, 8 for men and 12 for women, compete as members of the Northeast-10 Conference. New Haven has been a member of the NE-10 since 2008.

In 2022-23, athletic highlights included 140 combined wins across the 20 varsity sports, 37 All-Conference honorees, 18 All-Region athletes, four major conference awards, three All-Americans, seven Academic All-Conference honorees, two Sport Excellence winners, and more than 320 student-athletes named to the NE10 Academic Honor Roll following the fall semester.

Varsity teams

Men's sports (8)
Baseball
Basketball
Cross country
Football
Soccer
Track and field (indoor and outdoor)
Golf
Women's sports (12)
Basketball
Cross country
Field Hockey
Lacrosse
Soccer
Softball
Tennis
Track and field (indoor and outdoor)
Volleyball
Rugby
Golf

Club sports
Nineteen club sports are recognized at the University of New Haven. Club sports are recreation or athletics student-led organizations that compete with other universities and colleges. Each club is a University of New Haven-recognized student organization and member of a regional or national governing association. Participation and individual dues vary by club.

Baseball (Men's)
Ice Hockey (Women's and Men's)
Lacrosse (Women's and Men's)
Rugby (Women's and Men's)
Ultimate Frisbee (CoRec)
Field Hockey (CoRec)
Tennis (CoRec)
Soccer (Women's and Men's)
Wrestling (CoRec)
Volleyball (Women's and Men's)

E-Sports (Co-ed)
Gymnastics (Co-Ed)
Swimming (Co-Ed)
Softball (Women's)

Intramurals sports
Intramural Sports are organized sports leagues, one-day tournaments, special events, and online programs, which provide participants the opportunity to compete against and engage with their fellow students and university community. The University of New Haven offers 20+ team and individual sport programs throughout the academic year.

Student organizations
University of New Haven had 199 clubs and organizations as of September 2023.

Greek life
There are several recognized and unrecognized fraternities and sororities at the university.

Student government
The University of New Haven has two student-run governing bodies: the Undergraduate Student Government Association (USGA), and the Graduate Student Council (GSC). Student organizations offices are located on the top floor of Bartels Hall, the university's student center.

Student newspaper
The Charger Bulletin is the official, student-run newspaper at the University of New Haven since 1938. It is published weekly in a quarter-folded tabloid format. Both undergraduate and graduate students write for the paper. The Bulletin comes out weekly on Wednesdays while classes are in session. The paper version of the Bulletin is distributed for free throughout the campus of UNH, and is also published online.

Marching band
The University of New Haven Chargers Marching Band (UNHMB) is one of the fastest-growing collegiate marching bands in the country, starting in 2009 with only 20 members and now marching close to 300.

Radio station

The university's noncommercial radio station, WNHU-FM, first signed onto the air at 16:00 EDT on July 4, 1973. The WNHU studios moved to its current home on Ruden Street into the Lois Evalyn Bergami Broadcast Media Center in 2015. Its location on Ruden Street includes a production space for live and recorded programming, a server room, staff offices, and a student lounge. WNHU is managed by a 10-person student leadership team. Positions include station manager, promotions director, Aircheck director, WNHU program director, director of fundraising, program/music director, and productions director.  The University of New Haven's communications department started to work with the radio station for students to have access to the station. The station operates as a laboratory for student learning, and as a source of culturally diverse programming for the communities served.
WNHU is broadcast on 88.7 FM; it is considered the best college radio station in Connecticut according to the New Haven Advocate, which has awarded the station "Best College Radio Station" for over six consecutive years.

WNHU is known for eclectic programming, with shows ranging from new music, rock, gospel, funk, and talk shows to specialty formats such as polka and Irish music. Unlike many college or community radio stations where DJs change frequently, some WNHU personalities have hosted shows for years, many of whom are UNH alumni.

Bucknall Theater
Bucknall Theater was named in honor of William L. Bucknall, Jr. who has a passion for theatre and regularly attends shows at the University of New Haven and in New York and London. The theater has about two productions a semester as well as holding several functions for the university throughout the academic year. The space also doubles as a learning space for many of the classes pertaining to the Arts Department, more specifically theatre minors. It is used as a lecture hall and is equipped with pull-out desks on each of the 250 seats.

Black Student Union
On April 22, 2023, the BSU celebrated its 50th anniversary during the annual Sankofa Ball held during the university's Black and Latino Alumni Weekend.

Notable alumni
The University of New Haven has about 64,000 alumni. Among its notable alumni are:

Ameera al-Taweel, Saudi Arabian royalty
Patrick Arnold, steroid chemistry
Steve Bedrosian, (baseball), won the National League Cy Young Award on 1987
Harry Boatswain (football)
Dorinda Keenan Borer (politician)
Jamaal Bowman (politician)
Kenton Clarke (CEO, Computer Consulting Associates International Inc.)
Thomas H. Collins, former admiral of the United States Coast Guard
Joel S. Douglas (patent agent) pioneered the first alternate-site glucose meter
Cameron Drew (baseball)
Vivian Davis Figures (politician)
Lubbie Harper Jr., associate justice, Connecticut Supreme Court
Darren M. Haynes, sportscaster for CBS affiliate WUSA9 in Washington, DC
Wayne Johnsen (boxing)
Viren Kapadia (CEO)
Dean Lombardi (former NHL general manager of Los Angeles Kings)
James McCaffrey (actor)
Miles McPherson (football)
Nitza Morán (born 1970), member of the Senate of Puerto Rico
Selim Noujaim (politician)
Anthony Ornato
Rob Palmer (TV commentator/sports anchor)
John M. Picard (former mayor of West Haven, Connecticut)
Michael J. Rubio (politician)
Erick Russell (politician) Connecticut State Treasurer
L. Timothy Ryan (master chef)
Adrian Serioux (soccer)
Tony Sparano (NFL coach)
Roberto Taylor (soccer)
Merryl Tengesdal, first and only Black woman to fly the United States Air Force's U-2 spy plane
Dave Wallace (baseball)

Faculty and staff
The student-to-faculty ratio is roughly 16:1, with an average class size of 20 students. The university has nearly 510 staff members and 278 full-time faculty members in addition to part-time and adjunct professors. Of full-time faculty, 84.9% hold the highest degree in their field.

Notable professors
Henry C. Lee (retired, former professor of forensic science) – Worked on famous cases such as the JonBenét Ramsey murder, the Helle Crafts woodchipper murder, the O. J. Simpson and Laci Peterson cases, the post-9/11 forensic investigation, the Beltway sniper shootings, and the reinvestigation of the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Nikodem Popławski (professor of physics) is most widely noted for the hypothesis that every black hole could be a doorway to another universe and that the universe was formed within a black hole, which itself exists in a larger universe. Popławski has also appeared in an episode of the TV show Through the Wormhole titled "Are There Parallel Universes?" and in an episode of the Discovery Channel show Curiosity titled "Is There a Parallel Universe?", which were hosted by Morgan Freeman and aired in 2011. He was named by Forbes magazine in 2015 as one of five scientists in the world most likely to become the next Albert Einstein. As of 2020, Dr Nikodem Poplawski has published his groundbreaking work on black holes and the multiverse in the journal Foundations of Physics.
Horatio Strother (assistant professor of history) is the author of the authoritative book on the Underground Railroad in Connecticut.

References

External links

 New Haven Athletics website
 The Charger Bulletin – student newspaper

University of New Haven
University of New Haven
Universities and colleges established in 1920
Universities and colleges in New Haven County, Connecticut
Buildings and structures in West Haven, Connecticut
1920 establishments in Connecticut
Universities and colleges founded by the YMCA

University of New Haven


Napoleon Alphonseau Chagnon (27 August 1938 – 21 September 2019) was an American cultural anthropologist, professor of sociocultural anthropology at the University of Missouri in Columbia and member of the National Academy of Sciences. Chagnon was known for his long-term ethnographic field work among the Yanomamö, a society of indigenous tribal Amazonians, in which he used an evolutionary approach to understand social behavior in terms of genetic relatedness. His work centered on the analysis of violence among tribal peoples, and, using socio-biological analyses, he advanced the argument that violence among the Yanomami is fueled by an evolutionary process in which successful warriors have more offspring. His 1967 ethnography Yanomamö: The Fierce People became a bestseller and is frequently assigned in introductory anthropology courses.

Admirers described him as a pioneer of scientific anthropology. Chagnon was called the "most controversial anthropologist" in the United States in a New York Times Magazine profile preceding the publication of Chagnon's most recent book, Noble Savages: My Life Among Two Dangerous Tribes—the Yanomamö and the Anthropologists, a memoir.

Early life and education
Chagnon was born in Port Austin, Michigan, and was the second of twelve children. After enrolling at the Michigan College of Mining and Technology in 1957, he transferred to the University of Michigan after his first year and there received a bachelor's degree in 1961, an M.A. in 1963, and a PhD in 1966 under the tutelage of Leslie White. Based on seventeen months of fieldwork begun in 1964, Chagnon's thesis examined the relationship between kinship and the social organization of Yanomamö villages.

Career
Chagnon was best known for his long-term ethnographic field work among the Yanomamö, indigenous Amazonians who live in the border area between Venezuela and Brazil. Working primarily in the headwaters of the upper Siapa and upper Mavaca Rivers in Venezuela, he conducted fieldwork from the mid-1960s until the latter half of the 1990s. According to Chagnon, when he arrived he realised that the theories he had been taught during his training had shortcomings, because contrary to what they predicted, raiding and fighting, often over women, was endemic. His habit of constantly asking them questions earned Chagnon the Yanomamö nickname "pesky bee." A major focus of his research was the collection of genealogies of the residents of the villages that he visited, and from these he would analyze patterns of relatedness, marriage patterns, cooperation, and settlement pattern histories. The degree of kinship was seen by Chagnon as important for the forming of alliances in social interactions, including conflict.

Chagnon's methods of analysis are widely seen as having been influenced by sociobiology. As Chagnon described it, Yanomamö society produced fierceness, because that behavior furthered male reproductive success. The genealogies showed that men who killed had more wives and children than men who did not kill. At the level of the villages, the war-like populations expanded at the expense of their neighbors. Chagnon's positing of a link between reproductive success and violence cast doubt on the sociocultural perspective that cultures are constructed from human experience. An enduring controversy over Chagnon's work has been described as a microcosm of the conflict between biological and sociocultural anthropology.

Chagnon's ethnography, Yanomamö: The Fierce People, was published in 1968 and ran to several editions, selling nearly a million copies,. It is commonly used as a text in university-level introductory anthropology classes, making it one of the bestselling anthropological texts of all time. Chagnon was also a pioneer in the field of visual anthropology. He collaborated with ethnographic filmmaker Tim Asch and produced a series of more than twenty ethnographic films documenting Yanomamö life. The ethnographic film The Ax Fight, showing a fight among two Yanomami groups and analyzing it as it relates to kinship networks, is considered a classic in ethnographic film making.

In 2012 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Marshall Sahlins, who was a major critic of Chagnon, resigned from the academy, citing Chagnon's induction as one of the reasons he quit.

On 21 September 2019, Chagnon died at the age of 81.

Controversies

Darkness in El Dorado
In 2000, Patrick Tierney, in his book Darkness in El Dorado, accused Chagnon and his colleague James V. Neel of unethical behavior, such as, among other things, manipulating data, and of exacerbating a measles epidemic among the Yanomamö people.

Most of the allegations made in Darkness in El Dorado were publicly rejected by the Provost's office of the University of Michigan in November 2000. For example, the interviews upon which the book was based all came from members of the Salesians of Don Bosco, a congregation of the Catholic Church, which Chagnon had criticized and angered.

The American Anthropological Association convened a task force in February 2001 to investigate some of the allegations made in Tierney's book. Their report, which was issued by the AAA in May 2002, held that Chagnon had both represented the Yanomamö in harmful ways and failed in some instances to obtain proper consent from both the government and the groups he studied. However, the Task Force stated that there was no support to the claim that Chagnon and Neel began a measles epidemic. In June 2005, however, the AAA voted over two-to-one to rescind the acceptance of the 2002 report.

Alice Dreger, an historian of medicine and science, concluded after a year's research that Tierney's claims were false and the American Anthropological Association was complicit and irresponsible in helping spread these falsehoods and not protecting "scholars from baseless and sensationalistic charges".

The controversy is covered in the 2005 book Yanomami: The Fierce Controversy and What We Can Learn from It by anthropologist Robert Borofsky.

Anthropological critiques of his work
Chagnon's work with the Yanomamö was widely criticized by other anthropologists. Anthropologists critiqued both aspects of his research methods as well as the theoretical approach, and the interpretations and conclusions he drew from his data. Most controversial was his claim that Yanomamö society is particularly violent, and his claim that this feature of their culture is grounded in biological differences that are the result of natural selection.

The anthropologist Brian Ferguson argued that Yanomamö culture is not particularly violent, and that the violence that does exist is largely a result of socio-political reconfigurations of their society under the influence of colonization. Bruce Albert rejected the statistical basis for his claims that more violent Yanomamö men have more children. Others questioned the ethics inherent in painting an ethnic group as violent savages, pointing out that Chagnon's depiction of the Yanomamö as such breaks with anthropology's traditional ethics of trying to describe foreign societies sympathetically, and argued that his depictions resulted in increased hostility and racism against the Yanomamö by settlers and colonists in the area. Emily Eakin countered that Albert "cannot demonstrate a direct connection between Chagnon's writings and the government's Indian policy" and that the idea that scientists should suppress unflattering information about their subjects is troubling and supports the idea that nonviolence is a prerequisite for protecting the Yanomamö.

The anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, one of Chagnon's graduate teachers, criticized Chagnon's methods, pointing out that Chagnon acknowledged engaging in behavior that was disagreeable to his informants by not participating in food-sharing obligations. Sahlins claimed that Chagnon's trade of steel weaponry for blood samples and genealogical information amounted to "participant-instigation" which encouraged economic competition and violence. Lastly, Sahlins argued that Chagnon's publications, which contend that violent Yanomamö men are conferred with reproductive advantages, made false assumptions in designating killers and omit other variables that explain reproductive success. In 2013, Sahlins resigned from the National Academy of Sciences, in part in protest of Chagnon's election to the body. Other researchers of the Yanomamö such as Brian Ferguson argued that Chagnon himself contributed to escalating violence among the Yanomamö by offering machetes, axes, and shotguns to selected groups to elicit their cooperation. Chagnon said that it was instead local Salesian priests who were supplying guns to the Yanomamö, who then used them to kill each other.

In his autobiography, Chagnon stated that most criticisms of his work were based on a postmodern and antiscientific ideology that arose within anthropology, in which careful study of isolated tribes was replaced in many cases by explicit political advocacy that denied less pleasant aspects of the Yanomamö culture, such as warfare, domestic violence, and infanticide. Chagnon stated that much of his work has undermined the idea of the 'Noble savage' – a romanticized stereotype of indigenous people living in synchrony with nature and uncorrupted by modern civilization. Chagnon also stated that his beliefs about sociobiology and kin selection were misinterpreted and misunderstood, similarly because of a rejection of scientific and biological explanations for culture within anthropology.

As a result of the controversy and the alleged unethical practices with the Yanomami, Chagnon was officially barred from studying the Yanomami and from reentering their country in Venezuela.

Written works

Books

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 .
 .
 .

Book chapters

Journal articles

Film
Chagnon worked with ethnographic filmmaker Tim Asch to produce at least forty films on Yanomamo culture, including The Feast (1969), Magical Death (1973) and The Ax Fight (1975). These films, especially The Ax Fight, are widely used in anthropological and visual culture curriculum and are considered to be among the most important ethnographic films ever produced.

See also
 Visual anthropology
 The Trap (television documentary series); Chagnon features in The Trap, a BBC documentary.

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Brockmann, John. "Edge Special Event feat. Napoleon Chagnon", Edge.org, 6 June 2013.
 Grossman, Andrew. "Napoleon Chagnon's Waterloo", The Dartmouth Review, 30 October 2000.
 Wallace, Scott. "Napoleon in Exile", National Geographic Adventure Magazine, April 2002.

1938 births
2019 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
American anthropologists
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
University of Missouri faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

Napoleon Chagnon


Aura Carmen Răducu () este un om politic român, fost Ministrul Fondurilor Europene în Guvernul Cioloș între 17 noiembrie 2015 - 25 aprilie 2016.

Biografie
Aura Carmen Răducu este expert în finanțe europene și internaționale la Banca Europeană pentru Reconstrucție și Dezvoltare.

La 25 aprilie 2016, ea a demisionat din funcția de ministru la cererea premierului Dacian Cioloș, care a considerat că Răducu nu a reușit să îndeplinească "obiectivele pe termen scurt".

Note

Vezi și
 Guvernul Dacian Cioloș
 Listă de femei miniștri române

Nașteri în 1956
Nașteri pe 9 martie
Miniștri români
Politiciene române din secolul al XXI-lea
Politicieni români în viață
Absolvenți ai Universității Politehnica din București
Guvernul Cioloș

Aura Carmen Răducu


11-11-11  es una película de terror sobrenatural de 2011 escrita y dirigida por Darren Lynn Bousman. La película está ambientada a las 11:11 horas del día 11  de noviembre (undécimo mes del año) y se refiere a una entidad de otro mundo que ingresa al reino terrenal a través de la puerta 11 del Cielo. La película se estrenó en 17 cines a nivel nacional el 11 de noviembre de 2011. Fue distribuida por Epic Pictures Group en Norteamérica, aunque la mayoría de sus ingresos se generaron a partir de proyecciones en el extranjero.

Sinopsis
Un escritor llamado Joseph Crone (Timothy Gibs) ha sufrido la desgracia de perder a su mujer e hijo en un incendio.  Tras este terrible suceso, Joseph tiene terribles pesadillas, asiste a terapia y ha perdido la fe en Dios. Sin embargo, su padre, que habría sido en su momento sacerdote, está muriendo. Su hermano Samuel Crone (Michael Landes) le llama para que pase unos días junto a su padre y aprovechar para pasar unos días juntos y rescatar el tiempo perdido. Joseph viaja hasta España, pero allí sucederán fenómenos inexplicables relacionados al 11/11.

Reparto

Equipo

Véase también
 The Number 23
 2012

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Películas de terror de España
Películas de terror de Estados Unidos
Películas de terror sobrenatural de Estados Unidos
Cine de suspenso de los años 2010
Cine de terror de los años 2010
Películas independientes de los años 2010
Películas independientes de Estados Unidos
Películas rodadas en Barcelona
Películas sobre el Diablo

11-11-11


Deighvolf (asthenosphere) er seigfljótandi lag möttuls rétt undir skorpu jarðar.

Heimildir =

Stjörnufræði

Deighvolf


Louis Bertagna (1920-2006), psychiatre français
 Silvia Bertagna (1986-), skieuse italienne

Patronyme italien
Patronyme français

Bertagna