The palm warbler (Setophaga palmarum) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.

Description
Measurements:

 Length:
 Weight:
 Wingspan:

Taxonomy

The species comprises two distinct subspecies that may merit specific status.

"Yellow palm warbler" or "eastern palm warbler" (S. p. hypochrysea) of the eastern third of the breeding range has brownish-olive upper parts and thoroughly yellow underparts with bold rufous breast and flank streaking. It migrates later in the fall than its western counterpart.

"Brown palm warbler" or "western palm warbler" (S. p. palmarum) inhabits the remaining western two-thirds of the breeding range. It has much less yellow below, with less colorful streaking, and cold grayish-brown upper parts.

Distribution
Palm warblers breed in open coniferous bogs and edge east of the Continental Divide, across Canada and the northeastern United States.

These birds migrate to the southeastern United States, the Yucatán Peninsula, islands of the Caribbean, and eastern Nicaragua south to Panama to winter. They are one of the earlier migrants to return to their breeding grounds in the spring, often completing their migration almost two months before most other warblers. Unlike most Setophaga species, the palm warbler's winter range includes much of the Atlantic coast of North America, extending as far north as southern Nova Scotia. Every year since 1900 the palm warbler has been observed during Christmas Bird Count activities in Massachusetts, and consistently since 1958 in Nova Scotia. For the interval 1966–2015 the palm warbler population increased throughout much of its northernmost breeding range.

The palm warbler has been recorded as a vagrant to Iceland.

Behavior

Palm warbler nests take the form of an open cup, usually situated on or near the ground in an open area.

Palm warblers forage on the ground much more than other warblers, sometimes flying to catch insects. These birds mainly eat insects and berries. Their constant tail bobbing is an identifying characteristic. Kirtland's, prairie, and palm warblers are the only Setophaga species that incessantly bob their tails.

The song of this bird is a monotonous buzzy trill. The call is a sharp chek.

Gallery

References

External links

Palm warbler - Dendroica palmarum - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
Palm warbler species account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
Stamps (for British Virgin Islands) at bird-stamps.org

palm warbler
Birds of Canada
Native birds of the Northeastern United States
Birds of the Caribbean
Birds of the Dominican Republic
Birds of Central America
palm warbler
palm warbler

Palm warbler


Hibernia Express est un câble sous-marin conçu par l'entreprise Hibernia Networks, qui relie le Canada, l'Irlande et le Royaume-Uni. Hibernia Express appartient aujourd'hui à l'opérateur GTT Communications, qui a racheté Hibernia Networks. Avec un temps de latence de 58,95 ms, il s'agit à ce jour du câble à fibre optique le plus rapide entre Londres d'une part et le centre de données NY4 de Secaucus (New Jersey) de l'autre.

Le câble a été mis en service le 15 septembre 2015. Hibernia Express s'étend sur 4 600 km, entre ses différentes extrémités à Halifax en Nouvelle-Écosse, Brean au Royaume-Uni et Cork en Irlande. Il est composé de 6 paires de fibres, avec une capacité théorique de 53 Tbit/s.

Développement
Pendant la conception du câble, Hibernia Networks avait l'intention de recourir à Huawei pour le fabriquer. Face aux craintes des clients potentiels du câble, qui pensaient que la sécurité de leurs données ne serait pas assurée avec un tel sous-traitant, et aux protestations du gouvernement américain en matière de cybersécurité, Huawei a finalement été écarté. Le contrat a ainsi été confié à TE Subcom, une filiale de TE Connectivity.

Utilisation
Hibernia Express est, au moment de sa mise en service, plus rapide de 5 millisecondes par rapport aux autres réseaux concurrents reliant les centres financiers américains à la City de Londres. Pour cette raison, le câble est essentiellement utilisé dans le cadre d'activités de trading haute fréquence, afin d'exploiter des écarts de prix minimes entre des produits financiers identiques, mais échangés en Europe d'une part, et aux Etats-Unis de l'autre. Compte-tenu des gains potentiels pouvant être retirés de cette stratégie, l'accès à Hibernia Express se fait moyennant un abonnement de 333 333 dollars par mois, soit environ 3,5 millions d'euros par an.

Articles connexes

 Liste des câbles de communication sous-marins
 Câble de communication transatlantique
 Hibernia Atlantic

Sources et renvois

Câble sous-marin de l'océan Atlantique

Hibernia Express


Defecația (din  = curățire, purificare, de la defaecare = a curăți) este un act reflex motor voluntar, extrem de complex, la nivelul regiunii terminale sigmoidorectale a colonului distal care are ca rezultat eliminarea rectală prin anus a materiilor fecale. Acest act este coordonat de centri medulari și controlat cortical.

La adulți, defecația apare în mod regulat de 1-3 ori pe zi și în mod voluntar; defecația poate fi inhibată dacă circumstanțele sociale nu permit realizarea ei. La sugari, controlul voluntar al sfincterului extern lipsește, defecația apărând automat ca un răspuns reflex la prezența fecalelor în rect.

Rectul are un aparat sfincterian propriu format din sfincterul anal intern și sfincterul anal extern (striat) cu o inervație complexă, prin care se reglează, pe de o parte, continența fecală (reținerea scaunelor și a gazelor intestinale, chiar și în condiții deosebite - diaree, efort fizic, lipsa toaletei) și pe de alta, evacuarea materiilor fecale din rect, prin actul defecației.

Sfincterul anal intern, involuntar, este un mușchi neted, dispus circular în peretele intern al anusului; el este inervat  de fibre parasimpatice (nervii splanhnici pelvini) cu originea în măduva sacrală S2-S4 (centrul sacral parasimpatic al defecației) care relaxează sfincterul anal intern și de fibre simpatice (nervii hipogastrici) ce își au originea în măduva lombară L2-L4 (centru inhibitor lombar al defecației) și determină contracția sfincterului intern.

Sfincterul anal extern, voluntar, este format din fibre musculare striate, care înconjoară sfincterul intern și se extinde distal de acesta, fiind sub control nervos somatic și, prin urmare, se află sub control voluntar, conștient; inervația lui este dată de nervii rectali inferiori, ramuri din nervul rușinos (pudendal), format de fibre din ramurile anterioare S2-S4 ale nervilor spinali sacrați; relaxarea sfincterului anal extern permite expulsia materiilor fecale.

Mecanismul defecației

Defecația la sugari

Igiena defecației

Tulburări de defecație
Vezi și fecalom.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan Haulică. Fiziologie umană. Ed. a 3-a, revizuită și adăugită. București: Editura Medicală, 2007.
 I. Baciu. Fiziologie. Ediția a II-a revizuită. Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, București, 1977
 I. C. Voiculescu, I. C. Petricu. Anatomia și fiziologia omului. Editura Medicală, București, 1971
 Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. Tratat de fiziologie a omului. Ed. a 11-a. Editura Medicala Callisto, București, 2007
 Arthur C. Guyton. Fiziologie (Fiziologia umană și mecanismele bolilor). Editura Medicală Amaltea, București, 1997.
  Chapitre 5. Rectum-Canal anal. Les fondamentaux de la pathologie digestive. CDU-HGE - Editions Elesevier-Masson. 2014
 S. Gallas, A.-M. Leroi. Physiologie de la défécation. Pelvi-Périnéologie (2010) 5:166-170
 Meunier Patrickts. "Physiologie de la continence fécale et de la défécation: manométrie ano-rectale chez l'adulte." Proctologie. Paris: ESTEM/AUPELF (1996): 115-140.
 François Haffner. Guide de l'incontinence anale. Association nationale spina bifida et handicaps associes (A.S.B.H.). 2006
 Patrice David. Interet d'un bilan diagnostique complet chez les patients présentant une dyschésie ano-rectale: résultats des examens morphologiques et fonctionnels et suivi à un an. Thèse pour obtenir le grade de Docteur en Médecine. Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy 1. 16 septembre 2009
 Bouzayd Mounia. Manometrie ano-rectale chez l'enfant (Apropos de 98 cas). These pour l'obtention du Doctorat en Medecine. Universite Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah. 2012

Legături externe
 D. Soudan. Physiologie de la continence et de la defecation. Proktos.com
 Defecation. Encyclopædia Britannica

Digestie
Excreție

Defecație


was a town located in Higashiazai District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. In Sengoku period, Azai clan based here and Battle of Anegawa broke out.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 13,055 and a density of 149.90 persons per km2. The total area was 87.09 km2.

On February 13, 2006, Azai, along with the town of Biwa (also from Higashiazai District), was merged into the expanded city of Nagahama.

Sister town
 Wentworth, New South Wales, Australia

Dissolved municipalities of Shiga Prefecture
Nagahama, Shiga

Azai, Shiga


7597 Shigemi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7597 Shigemi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Kiyosato de Satoru Ōtomo. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,94 ua, o excentricitate de 0,06 și o înclinație de 3,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1993
Centura de asteroizi

7597 Shigemi


شِرِيشِيرَة قرية تقع بمعتمدية حفوز بولاية القيروان في الوسط التونسي، على الطريق الوطنية رقم 12، شرق مدينة حفوز. ترقيمها البريدي هو 3130.

قرى ولاية القيروان

شريشيرة


Renault Zoé er en elbil fra den franske bilfabrikant renault lanceret i 2012.

Zoe
Biler introduceret i 2012
Elbiler

Renault Zoé


La campagne du Somaliland, également appelée guerre anglo-somalienne ou guerre des derviches, est une série d'expéditions militaires s'étant déroulée entre 1900 et 1920 dans le Somaliland moderne. Les Britanniques sont aidés dans leurs offensives par les Éthiopiens et les Italiens. Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale (1914-1918), Hassan reçoit un soutien symbolique pendant un certain temps, de l'empereur Iyasu V d'Éthiopiens, il reçoit également une lettre de soutien des Ottomans bien qu'elle sera interceptée par des agents italiens à Aden. Le conflit s'achève lorsque les Britanniques bombardent par voie aérienne la capitale des derviches de Taleh en février 1920.

Contexte

Somaliland britannique

Bien que faisant théoriquement partie de l'Empire ottoman, le Yémen et le sahil (y compris Zeila) passèrent progressivement sous le contrôle de Muhammad Ali, souverain d'Égypte, entre 1821 et 1841. Après le retrait des Égyptiens de la côte yéménite en 1841, Haj Ali Shermerki, un marchand somalien prospère et ambitieux, leur acheta les droits exécutifs sur Zeila. Le poste de gouverneur de Shermerki eut un effet instantané sur la ville, car il manœuvra pour monopoliser autant que possible le commerce régional, avec ses vues aussi loin que Harar et l'Ogaden. Shermerki fut ensuite remplacé comme gouverneur de Zeila par Abu Bakr Pacha, un homme d'État local Afar.

En 1874-1875, les Égyptiens obtiennent un firman des Ottomans par lequel ils acquièrent des revendications sur la ville. Dans le même temps, les Égyptiens reçoivent la reconnaissance britannique de leur juridiction nominale aussi loin à l'est que le cap Guardafui. Dans la pratique, cependant, l'Égypte avait peu d'autorité sur l'intérieur et leur période de règne sur la côte fut brève, ne durant que quelques années (1870-1884).

Le protectorat du Somalie britannique est ensuite établi à la fin des années 1880 après la signature d'une série de traités de protection par les autorités somaliennes, accordant aux Britanniques l'accès à leurs territoires sur la côte nord-ouest. Parmi les signataires somaliens figurent les Gadabuursi (1884), Habar Awal (1884 et 1886), et Warsangali.

Lorsque la garnison égyptienne de Harar est finalement évacuée en 1885, Zeila est prise dans la compétition entre les Français basés à Tadjourah et les Britanniques pour le contrôle du littoral stratégique du golfe d'Aden. À la fin de 1885, les deux puissances sont au bord de la confrontation armée, mais suivent le chemin de la négociation. Le  février 1888, ils signent une convention définissant la frontière entre le Somaliland français et le Somaliland britannique.

Somalie italienne

Le sultanat de Majeerteen dans la partie nord-est des territoires somaliens est établi au milieu du XVIII siècle et prend de l'importance au siècle suivant, sous le règne de l'ingénieux Boqor (roi) .

Fin décembre 1888, , le fondateur et premier dirigeant du sultanat d'Hobyo, demande la protection italienne, un traité à cet effet sera signé en février 1889, faisant d'Hobyo un protectorat italien. En avril, l'oncle et rival de Yusuf, Boqor Osman, demande un protectorat aux Italiens et l'obtient. Boqor Osman et le sultan Kenadid avaient tous deux conclu les traités de protectorat pour faire avancer leurs propres objectifs expansionnistes, le sultan Kenadid cherchant à utiliser le soutien de l'Italie dans sa lutte de pouvoir en cours avec Boqor Osman sur le sultanat de Majeerteen, ainsi que dans un conflit séparé avec le sultan de Zanzibar sur une zone au nord de Warsheikh. En signant les accords, les dirigeants espéraient également exploiter les objectifs rivaux des puissances impériales européennes afin d'assurer plus efficacement le maintien de l'indépendance de leurs territoires. Les termes de chaque traité précisaient que l'Italie devait éviter toute ingérence dans les administrations respectives des sultanats.

En échange d'armes italiennes et d'une subvention annuelle, les sultans concèdent un minimum de surveillance et de concessions économiques. Les Italiens acceptent également d'envoyer quelques ambassadeurs pour promouvoir à la fois les intérêts des sultanats et leurs propres intérêts. Les nouveaux protectorats sont ensuite gérés par  à travers une société à charte. Un protocole frontalier anglo-italien est signé plus tard le 5 mai 1894, suivi d'un accord en 1906 entre le cavalier Pestalozza et le général Swaine reconnaissant que la ville de Buraan relevait de l'administration du sultanat de Majeerteen.

Campagnes

1900–02
La première campagne offensive fut menée par le Haroun (siège des derviches) contre le campement éthiopien de Jijiga en mars 1900. Le général éthiopien Gerazmatch Bante aurait repoussé l'attaque et infligé de lourdes pertes aux derviches, bien que le vice-consul britannique à Harar ait affirmé que les Éthiopiens (par peur) avaient armé des enfants avec des fusils pour gonfler la taille de leurs forces. Le Haroun prirent le contrôle de l'Ogaden et attaquèrent les clans non-derviches Qadariyya pour leurs chameaux et leurs armes.

En 1901, les Britanniques se joignent aux Éthiopiens et attaquent les Derviches avec une force de 17 000 hommes. Le Haroun est conduit à travers la frontière dans le sultanat de Majeerteen, incorporé dans le protectorat italien. Les Éthiopiens échouent à s'emparer de l'ouest de l'Ogaden et les Britanniques sont finalement contraints de battre en retraite, n'ayant atteint aucun de leurs objectifs. Dans cette campagne, .

Le lieutenant-colonel  du  bataillon (Afrique centrale), des King's African Rifles, reçoit la Croix de Victoria pour son action à Erego, le 6 octobre 1902.

Février-juin 1903

Les Britanniques deviennent convaincus qu'une assistance italienne est nécessaire, mais les souvenirs de la désastreuse bataille d'Adowa inhibent toute ferveur pour une action dans la Corne de l'Afrique. En 1903, le ministère italien des Affaires étrangères autorise les Britanniques à débarquer des forces à Hobyo (Obbia). Un commandant de la marine italienne au large d'Hobyo craignait .

La relation entre le sultanat d'Hobyo et l'Italie se détériore lorsque le sultan Kenadid refuse la proposition des Italiens d'autoriser les troupes britanniques à débarquer dans son sultanat afin qu'elles puissent ensuite poursuivre leur bataille contre les forces derviches de Diiriye Guure. Considéré comme trop menaçant par les Italiens, Kenadid est d'abord exilé dans le protectorat d'Aden sous contrôle britannique, puis en Érythrée italienne, tout comme son fils Ali Yusuf, l'héritier présomptif de son trône. En mai, le ministère britannique des Affaires étrangères s'est rendu compte de l'erreur et a fait nommer le fils de Kenadid régent, juste à temps pour prévenir une attaque à Mudug par l'armée du sultan.

L'expédition se solde par un échec peu de temps après. Le Haroun anéantit un détachement britannique près de Gumburru, tandis qu'un autre (opérant à Daratoleh) est forcé de retourner à la base. Pour avoir tenté de sauver un collègue officier pendant le retrait des combats, trois officiers John Gough, George Rolland, William George Walker reçoivent la Croix de Victoria. Avec 1 200 à 1 500 fusils, 4 000 poneys et quelques lanciers, il occupa la vallée de Nugaal depuis Halin dans le protectorat britannique à Ilig (ou Illig) sur la côte tenue par l'Italie. La principale force britannique près de Galad (Galadi), sous le commandement du général William Manning, se retira vers le nord le long de la ligne Bohotleh - Burao - Sheekh. Cette  avait déjà été violée par le Haroun lorsqu'ils ont envahi le Nugal. Fin juin, le retrait était complet.

Janvier-mai 1904

Après l'échec de l'offensive du général Manning, le général Charles Egerton se voit confier une riposte. Après de longs préparatifs, il réunit son armée de campagne à Bacaadweeyn (Badwein) le 9 janvier 1904 et battit le Haroun à Jidballi le lendemain. Les Britanniques et leurs alliés d'Hobyo harcèlent le Haroun tout au long de leur retraite et perdent un nombre important de chameaux et de bétail tout au long du mois de février.

Début mars, la deuxième phase des opérations débutent. Les Éthiopiens avancent jusqu'à Gerlogubi mais rebroussent chemin début avril. La marine italienne bombarde Ilig en hiver, sans effet. Le 16 avril, trois navires de la East Indies Station sous le commandement du contre-amiral  quittent Berbera en prévoyant de capturer Ilig en coopération avec une avance terrestre. L'attaque d'Ilig a lieu le 21 avril. Un détachement de la Royal Naval, renforcé par trois compagnies du Royal Hampshire Regiment, prend d'assaut et s'empare des forts d'Illig, les canons des navires soutenant l'attaque. Les Britanniques perdent 3 hommes et 11 autres sont blessés. Les Derviches comptent 58 tués et 14 blessés. Le détachement naval reste à terre pendant quatre jours, assisté d'un détachement naval italien déployé le 22 avril. Le contrôle d'Ilig est finalement cédé à Ali Yusuf. Après avoir vaincu ses forces sur le terrain et forcé sa retraite, les Britanniques  ; le Haroun ne répondit pas.

1920

Après la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, les troupes britanniques ont de nouveau porté leur attention sur les troubles au Somaliland britannique. Les derviches avaient déjà vaincu les forces britanniques lors de la bataille de Dul Madoba en 1913. Quatre expéditions britanniques ultérieures contre Diiriye Guure et ses soldats avaient également échoué.

En 1920, les forces britanniques lancent une dernière campagne contre les Dervishes de Diiriye Guure. Bien que la majorité des combats eut lieu en janvier de l'année, les troupes britanniques avaient commencé les préparatifs de l'assaut dès novembre 1919. Les forces britanniques étaient dirigées par la Royal Air Force et la composante terrestre comprenait le Somaliland Camel Corps. Après trois semaines de bataille, les Derviches ont finalement été vaincus, mettant un terme effectif à leur résistance de 20 ans.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Histoire militaire du Royaume-Uni
 Histoire militaire de l'Italie
 Histoire de la Somalie
 Corne de l'Afrique

Lectures complémentaires
 Clifford, E. H. M. (1936). "The British Somaliland–Ethiopia Boundary." The Geographical Journal 87 (4): 289–302.
 Cunliffe-Owen, Frederick. (1905). "The Somaliland Operations: June, 1903, to May, 1904." Royal United Service Institution Journal 49 (1): 169–83.
 Galbraith, John S. (1970). "Italy, the British East Africa Company, and the Benadir Coast, 1888–1893." The Journal of Modern History 42 (4): 549–63.
 Gray, Randal. (1970). "Bombing the 'Mad Mullah' – 1920." Royal United Service Institution Journal 25 (4): 41–47.
 Hess, Robert L. (1964). "The 'Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia." The Journal of African History 5 (3): 415–33.
 Lane, Paul G. (June 2020). "The capture of the forts at Illig from the Mad Mullah, 21 April 1904." Orders & Medals Research Society Journal 59 (2): 152–156.
 Latham Brown, D. J. (1956). "The Ethiopia–Somaliland Frontier Dispute." The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 5 (2): 245–64.
 Ravenstein, E. G. (1894). "The Recent Territorial Arrangements in Africa." The Geographical Journal 4 (1): 54–58.

Bibliographie

Guerre impliquant le Royaume-Uni
Résistance à la colonisation britannique
Anticolonialisme en Afrique
Guerre impliquant l'Italie
Somaliland

Campagne du Somaliland


La estación de Saint-Louis-les Aygalades es una estación ferroviaria francesa de la línea París - Marsella, situada en la aglomeración de Marsella, a 6 kilómetros de la estación principal de Marsella-Saint-Charles. Por ella transitan únicamente trenes regionales.

Situación ferroviaria
La estación se sitúa en el PK 855,435 de la línea férrea París-Marsella.

Historia
Si bien el tramo de la línea en el que se sitúa la estación fue abierto el 15 de enero de 1848, no existe fecha exacta de la inauguración de la misma.

La estación
La estación se compone de dos andenes laterales y de dos vías. Aunque conserva su edificio para viajeros, se configura como un apeadero dado que no hay personal de la SNCF atendiendo la parada. Sí dispone de máquinas expendedoras de billetes.

Servicios ferroviarios

Regionales
Un gran número de TER PACA transitan por la estación cubriendo los siguientes trazados:

 Línea Miramas - Marsella.

Enlaces externos

Estaciones de ferrocarril de Francia inauguradas en los años 1840
Estaciones de ferrocarril inauguradas en 1848
Francia en 1848
Estaciones de la línea París-Lyon a Marsella-Saint-Charles
Estaciones de ferrocarril del departamento de Bocas del Ródano

Estación de Saint-Louis-les Aygalades


الرعاية الصحية الأولية  وتختصر "PHC" من مفاهيم السياسة الصحية التي ظهرت بعد إعلان مؤتمر ألما-آتا في الاتحاد السوفيتي (السابق).

تعريف
 .

الخدمات الصحية الأساسية

 توعية المواطنين وإرشادهم صحياً
 ووضع الحلول المناسبة للسيطرة والقضاء على المشاكل الصحية
 والإصحاح الأساسي للبيئة وبالأخص توفر الماء الصالح للشرب
 وضمان التغذية الجيدة
 وتقديم خدمات الأمومة والطفولة
 التطعيم والتحصين ضد الأمراض المعدية خاصة أمراض الأطفال الستة
 ومكافحة الأمراض السارية (المعدية والمتوطنة) والسيطرة على انتشارها
 وكذلك علاج الأمراض الشائعة في المجتمع
 وإجراء العمليات الجراحية الأساسية
 توفير الأدوية الأساسية.

اهمية الرعاية الصحية الأولية
تشكل الرعاية الصحية الأولية تشكل محور رعاية الصحة العامة على المستوى الدولي؛ فقد أثبت تقرير أعدته منظمة الصحة العالمية أن أهم عشرة أخطار صحية على المستوى العالمي تشمل ما يلي:
 نقص الوزن
 وزيادة الوزن
 وعدم صلاحية المياه للشرب
 ونقص الحديد
 وفوضى الجنس
 وانتشار الخمور
 والتدخين

الأدوية الأساسية
نصف سكان العالم لا يصلون إلى أدوية ضرورية للعلاج لأسباب
 الفقر
 عدم توفر الدواء
 سوء الإدارة
 سوء الاستعمال
 عدم توازن التسويق الدوائي وفقد نزاهته.

مستويات الرعاية الصحية

غالباً ما تقدم خدمات الرعاية الصحية على ثلاث مستويات:
 مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية التي يجب أن تنتشر في كل مجتمع محلي ولو كان صغيراً
 ثم مستشفيات الضواحي (النواحي) ومراكز التوليد في مختلف المناطق
 ثم المستشفيات التخصصية المركزية في المدن الرئيسية.

إعلان ألما-آتا
صدر عن المؤتمر الدولي للرعاية الصحية الأولية في عام 1978، وكانت لهجة الإعلان قوية وصريحة جاء فيها:

وحدد الإعلان هدفاً صحياً لعام 2000 تتعاون عليه الحكومات والمنظمات للوصول إلى حياة بشرية منتجة اقتصادياً واجتماعياً ، واعتبر إعلانُ المؤتمر أنَّ الرعايةَ الصحية الأولية هي مفتاحُ تحقيق هذا الهدف الصحي، الذي اعتبر جزءً من التنمية المطلوبة لتحقيق العدل الاجتماعي ، والرعاية الصحية الأولية مفهوم يربط بين النظام الصحي والتنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، ويشكل أول اتصال للناس بالرعاية الصحية، فتصل الخدمات الصحية إليهم قريباً من أماكن سكنهم وعملهم ، وركز الإعلان على تضافر جهود مختلف القطاعات؛ وبالأخص الزراعة، والتربية الحيوانية، والغذاء، والصناعة، والتعليم، والإسكان، والاتصالات، وغيرها، لأنه بدون التنسيق الجيد بينها لا يمكن تحقيق الأهداف الصحية، وأكد على ضرورة مشاركة الجميع أفراداً ومنظمات وحكومات، والاعتماد على الذات للاستفادة من كافة المصادر المحلية والوطنية، ودعم الرعاية الصحية الأولية عبر نظم إحالة متكاملة وفاعلة ومتعاونة، مع إعطاء الأولوية للمحتاجين، واعتبر أن فريق العمل الصحي يشمل الكلَّ أطباء، وممرضين، وفنيين، وممارسي طب شعبي مؤهلين للاستجابة الكافية لحاجات المجتمع الصحية.
وطالب الحكومات كافة بنظم صحية وطنية شاملة، تشمل سياسات واستراتيجيات وخطط وطنية لإطلاق واستمرار خدمات الرعاية الصحية الأولية . . واستنهاض الإرادة السياسية والاستعمال الحكيم للموارد المتوفرة، ودعم التعاون الدولي في هذا الاتجاه، وبالأخص لتقديم الدعم الفني إلى الدول النامية لمساعدتها في تطبيق الرعاية الصحية الأولية، وأكد إعلان ألما–آتا واجب الجميع من دول ومنظمات وأفراد في تبني الرعاية الصحية الأولية على المستوى الوطني والعالمي.

أهداف الألفية
في عام 1977 قررت منظمة الصحة العالمية أنه يجب تحقيق الصحة للجميع بحلول عام2000.
وفي عام1981 تم تحديد أهداف مرحلية
1-توفير التغذية الجيدة للجميع بحلول1986
2-توفير مياة الشرب النقية ولإصحاح البيئي بحلول1990
3-تحصين كل الأطفال ضد الأمراض الشائعة بحلول1990. ويضاف إليها ما يستجد بعد ذلك.

أهداف الرعاية الصحية الأولية
تم تحديد عناصر ثمانية للرعاية الصحية الأولية
1-التوعية والتثقيف الصحي

2-الإصحاح البيئي وتوفير مياة الشرب

3-توفير التغذية الجيدة

4-خدمات أمومة وطفولة متكاملة

5-تحصين الأطفال ضد الأمراض الشائعة

6-مكافحة الأمراض المتوطنة

7-علاج الأمراض الشائعة

8-توفير العقاقير (الأدوية) الأساسية

شروط تقديم الرعاية الأولية
وهذه العناصر يجب تقديمها طبقا للأسس الأتية
1-عدالة التوزيع

2-التقنية المناسبة

3-التنسيق مع الجهات ذات العلاقة بالرعاية من الجهاز الصحي وخارجة

4-مشاركة المجتمع

تصريح مديرة منظمة الصحة العالمية
في عام2008 كتبت الدكتورة/مارجريت تشان المديرة بمنظمة الصحة العالمية تنعي إعلان ألما –آتا.

الدول الكبرى حققت لمواطنيها الصحة بطرقها الخاصة. ومع انهيار المنظومة الاشتراكية لم تعد تلك الدول تهتم إلا بالجائحات المتفشية التي تهدد صحة مواطنيها مثل الإدز وسارس وإنفلوانزا الطيور وغيرها.

مصادر

انظر أيضاً
 رعاية صحية
 نظام رعاية صحية
 نقطة الرعاية السريرية
 إدارة مستشفيات
 إدارة المرض
 قطاع الرعاية الصحية
 الرعاية الذاتية
 تفاوت الرعاية الصحية
 رعاية مزمنة
 البيئة الاستشفائية
 مركز أوميو لأبحاث الصحة العالمية

روابط خارجية
 Declaration of Alma-Ata.
 WHO European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.
 Primary Health Care.

أنواع مرافق الرعاية الصحية
تفاوت اجتماعي
رعاية أولية
سياسة دوائية
علاج

رعاية صحية أولية


Aileen McLeod (* 24. August 1971 in East Kilbride) ist eine schottische Politikerin (Scottish National Party). McLeod ist ehemalige Abgeordnete des Schottischen Parlaments (2011–2016) sowie ehemalige schottische Ministerin für Umwelt, Klimawandel und Landreformen (2014–2016). Ab der Europawahl 2019 bis zum 31. Januar 2020 war sie Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments als Teil der Fraktion Die Grünen/EFA.

Leben

Jugend und Ausbildung
Aileen McLeod wurde am 24. August 1971 in East Kilbride geboren, wo sie auch die Claremont High School besuchte. Nach ihrer Schulausbildung studierte McLeod an der Universität Edinburgh. Anschließend promovierte sie an der Universität von Central Lancashire.

Politik
McLeod arbeitete zwischen 2001 und 2004 für das Informationszentrum des schottischen Parlaments. Anschließend war sie für den Europaabgeordneten Alyn Smith in Brüssel tätig und ab 2009 für den SNP-Abgeordneten im Schottischen Parlament, Michael Russell.

Bei den schottischen Parlamentswahlen 2011 kandidierte McLeod erstmals für die SNP. In ihrem Wahlkreis Galloway and West Dumfries konnte sie sich jedoch nicht gegen den Konservativen Alex Fergusson durchsetzen und verpasste damit das Direktmandat. Da McLeod jedoch auch auf der Regionalwahlliste der SNP für die Wahlregion South Scotland gesetzt war, erhielt sie infolge des Wahlergebnisses eines der vier Listenmandate der SNP in dieser Wahlregion und zog erstmals in das schottische Parlament ein.

Am 21. November 2014 wurde McLeod ins Kabinett der Ersten Ministerin Nicola Sturgeon berufen und übernahm das Ressort für Umwelt, Klimawandel und Landreformen, das als Junior Minister dem Cabinet Secretary für Ländliche Angelegenheiten, Ernährung und Umwelt zugeordnet war. Sie folgte Paul Wheelhouse, der im Zuge einer Kabinettsumbildung ein anderes Amt übernahm. In ihrer Funktion als Umweltministerin nahm McLeod unter anderem an der UN-Klimakonferenz 2015 in Paris teil.

2016 kandidierte McLeod erneut bei den Wahlen für das schottische Parlament im Wahlkreis Galloway and West Dumfries. Sie verpasste jedoch das Direktmandat um 1.514 Stimmen an Finlay Carson und zog nicht ins Parlament ein. Ihre Nachfolgerin im Amt, das im zweiten Kabinett Sturgeon auf Cabinet Secretary hochgestuft wurde, war Roseanna Cunningham.

2019 nominierte ihre Partei sie für die Europawahl 2019 auf den dritten Listenplatz der Partei im britischen Europawahlkreis Schottland. Die SNP holte mit 37,8 Prozent der Stimmen drei Mandate im Wahlkreis, eines für McLeod. Sie trat, wie alle SNP-Abgeordneten, der Fraktion Die Grünen/EFA bei, der nicht nur Parteien der Europäischen Grünen Partei, sondern auch der regionalistischen Europäischen Freien Allianz angehören. Zu letzterer gehört auch die Scottish National Party. Für ihre Fraktion war McLeod Mitglied im Ausschuss für Umweltfragen, öffentliche Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit sowie im Ausschuss für konstitutionelle Fragen. Im Rahmen des Austritts des Vereinigten Königreichs aus der Europäischen Union verließ McLeod das Europäische Parlament zum 31. Januar 2020.

Privat
McLeod lebt mit ihrem Ehemann in Lanark.

Weblinks
 Informationen auf den Seiten des Schottischen Parlaments
 Informationen der SNP

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments für das Vereinigte Königreich
Abgeordneter im Schottischen Parlament
Mitglied der Scottish National Party
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Schotte
Brite
Geboren 1971
Frau

Aileen McLeod


Fundația (Stichting) Centrul de Studiu al Textilelor (CST), Leiden, Țările de Jos, este un institut de cercetare independent activ în domeniul materialelor textile și a îmbrăcămintei. Se află pe strada Hogewoerd 164 în Leiden și include un spațiu de expoziție, spații pentru depozitare, o sală de lectură și alte spații de lucru. Directorul curent al CST (din noiembrie 2010) este Dr. Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood, un istoric al vestimentației și materialului textil.

Istorie
TRC a fost inființată în anul 1991, ca o Stichting (fundație; organizație non-profit). De atunci a fost implicată în multe aspecte legate de studiul academic de textile și vestimentație, mai ales cele din Orientul Apropiat.

În 1997 TRC început construirea unei colecții de textile și vestimentație. Până la sfârșitul anului 2010 colecția a crescut la peste 6.500 de textile, articole de îmbrăcăminte și accesorii din întreaga lume. Cele mai multe dintre articolele vestimentare provin din Orientul Apropiat și țări islamice: în special Afganistan, Egipt, Iran, Oman și Arabia Saudită. Include, de asemenea, o mare colecție de vestimentație regională neerlandeză. Multe dintre articolele de îmbrăcăminte au fost obținute prin muncă de teren de către personalul și studenți ai CST, în timp ce altele au fost achiziționate sau oferite ca donații.

Până în august 2009, CST a fost găzduit de Muzeul Național de Etnologie, Leiden, dar de atunci s-a mutat în noul sediu, în centrul orașului Leiden. Acum organizează o serie de expoziții, conferințe, ateliere de lucru și cursuri de formare pentru studenți și alte persoane care sunt interesate. Expoziții recente au inclus: "Broderie din Lumea Arabă" (2009-2010) și "Afganistanul Bine Îmbrăcat" (deschiderea a avut loc în noiembrie 2010).

Vestimentația Orientului Mijlociu rămâne un punct important al CST. Voalurile din colecția CST, de exemplu, au fost folosite pentru o expoziție la Muzeul Național de Etnologie, Leiden (1996) și pentru diverse publicații, inclusiv "Acoperind Luna: O Introducere în Voalurile de Față ale Orientului Mijlociu" (2008) (Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood și Willem Vogelsang; Leuven: Peeters, 2008).

Referințe
J.B. Eicher și M.E. Roach-Higgins, "Definition and classification of dress: Implications for analyses of gender roles," în R. Barnes și J. B. Eicher (eds), Dress and Gender. Making and Meaning in Cultural Contexts, New York, St. Martin's Press, 1992, pp. 9–28.

Surse
C. Fluck și G. M. Vogelsang-Eastwood, Riding Costume in Egypt: Origin and Appearance, Leiden, Brill, 2004.

R. van de Velde-Lagendijk și G. M. Vogelsang-Eastwood, Kanten mutsen uit Nederland/Dutch Lace Caps, Rotterdam și Gronsveld, Barjesteh, 2007 (în limbile neerlandeză și engleză).

G. M. Vogelsang-Eastwood, De Kleren van de farao, Amsterdam, De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1994 (catalog de expoziție, Muzeul Național de Antichități, Leiden, Țările de Jos. Acest catalog a apărut de asemenea în daneză și germană).

G. M. Vogelsang-Eastood, For Modesty's Sake, Rotterdam, Barjesteh și Meeuwes, 1996 (catalog de expoziție; Muzeul Național de Etnologie, Leiden, Țările de Jos; Ediție neerlandeză: Sluiers Ontsluierd).

G. M. Vogelsang-Eastwood, Tutankhamuns Dulap, Rotterdam, Barjesteh și Meeuwes, 1999 (cartea însoțește o expoziție internațională cu același nume).

G. M. Vogelsang-Eastwood și L. Barjesteh, An Introduction to Qajar Era Dress, Rotterdam, Barjesteh, 2002.

Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood și Willem Vogelsang, Covering the Moon: An Introduction to Middle Eastern Face Veils, Leuven, Peeters, 2008.

Link-uri externe: general
 Textile Centrul de Cercetare-ul oficial. Preluat 19-03-2016
 Barjesteh Editori, Rotterdam și Gronsveld, Olanda.  Preluat pe 18-11-2010
 Peeters Editori, Leuven, Belgia. Preluat pe 18-11-2010
 Textilmuseet, Boras, Suedia.    Preluat pe 18-11-2010

Industria textilă
Țările de Jos

Centrul De Studiu al Textilelor, Leiden


Una banda independiente es un fenómeno popular, cultural y musical de Panamá, que es una variante de banda de música conformada por egresados de las escuelas públicas desde mediados del . Tienen como antecedente directo las dianas en el paradigma de mezclar lo marcial con lo popular.

En estas bandas se mezclan la seriedad y rigidez de los toques marciales con ritmos de música popular y folclórica, presentan una mezcla coreográfica provenientes de las bandas marciales con movimientos corporales propios del folclore panameño, salsa, reggae y reguetón.

Origen
Se originó en el deseo que tenían los egresados de las bandas de guerra y música de las escuelas y colegios panameños que querían seguir homenajeando a la patria en los desfiles de conmemoración de la independencia de Panamá de España y la separación de Panamá de Colombia y demás efemérides del mes de noviembre.

La pionera en el concepto de bandas independientes fue "El Hogar", creada en 1953 por el profesor Armando Sánchez. Aunque desfilaron bajo el nombre de "Escuela El Hogar" . La prohibición del Ministerio de Educación con respecto a que personas que no estaban en las escuelas no podían ser miembros de bandas de colegios, hizo que en 1979 se separaran y salieran con el estandarte "Patria", con 300 miembros.

En 1989, estando Panamá en pleno bloqueo económico impuesto por los Estados Unidos, producto de las crisis política con el general Manuel Antonio Noriega las efemérides patrias fueron suspendidas, pero esto no fue obstáculo para que desfilara en La Chorrera, la primera banda independiente de la provincia de Colón.

Estilo
Debido a que Panamá estuvo por varios años bajo un régimen militar, las marchas en un principio eran de carácter marcial; tras la restauración de la democracia en 1990, se empezó a manifestar un cambio en la música, donde se incluyó variados temas de música latina nacional y extranjera, que la hacen única en su clase.

Para marchar, llevan el compás en los pies al estilo militar y las coreografías las hacen más alegres, incluyendo movimientos de caderas, hombros, brazos y cabeza propios de la salsa, reggae, reguetón y el folclore panameño.

Respecto a los músicos de tambores y cajas usualmente le colocan cuerdas en los macetines y baquetas para poder hacer piruetas con las manos mientras tocan.

Los músicos que tocan el bombo usualmente se lo colocan en el cuello, utilizando correa especiales para realizar piruetas con este instrumento de gran tamaño, que va desde lanzarlo al aire, bailar con él o darle vueltas alrededor de su cuello.

Organización
Se estima que en el país existen 47 bandas independientes que están Organizadas en la Federación Nacional de Bandas Independientes que está estructurada en tres zonas: Panamá Centro, San Miguelito, Colón y área Oeste y la zona del interior de la República.

Difusión en el extranjero
Su difusión es amplia en Centroamérica y en Estados Unidos, especialmente en Nueva York, donde se encuentra una colonia panameña considerable que desfila todos los 3 de noviembre en conmemoración a la separación de Panamá de Colombia con el formato de las bandas independientes.

Las bandas independientes panameñas como fenómeno cultural y popular ha llegado a influenciar el estilo de ejecución de las bandas musicales del vecino país Costa Rica, en la que producto del intercambio migratorio entre ambos países los músicos costarricenses adoptaron el formato completo de los patrones Panameños, para crear sus propias bandas independientes.

Este fenómeno es comprobado con la creación de la banda independiente El Imperio de Costa Rica, que tiene como fecha de fundación el 2001, cuya finalidad es la de resaltar la cultura entre las dos naciones vecinas. Esto se ve reflejado en su escudo que resalta la unión de los dos países por medio un instrumento tradicional en las bandas costarricenses como lo es la Lira, y el Clarín en las bandas independientes panameñas, así como también por medio de ambas banderas.

En sus presentaciones más destacadas les acompañan jóvenes panameños que viajan desde la provincia de Chiriquí, provenientes de David y Bugaba, Bocas del Toro, ciudad Panamá y de Colón.

Entre el repertorio musical de la banda podemos encontrar música popular de ambos países, marchas, canciones populares folclóricas de Panamá, pues los ritmos panameños son ensamblados con talento ejecutado por costarricense.

Referencias

Música de Panamá

Banda independiente


An Cryptocoryne longicauda in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Odoardo Beccari ngan Adolf Engler. An Cryptocoryne longicauda in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cryptocoryne, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cryptocoryne

Cryptocoryne longicauda


Cork Institute of Technology (CIT; ) was an institute of technology, located in Cork, Ireland. Upon its dissolution, the institute had 17,000 students studying in art, business, engineering, music, drama and science disciplines. The institute had been named as Institute of Technology of the Year in The Sunday Times University Guide for Ireland on numerous occasions. On 1 January 2021, the institute merged with the Institute of Technology, Tralee to become the Munster Technological University, Ireland's second technological university.

Cork Institute of Technology consisted of two constituent faculties and three constituent colleges. The constituent faculties were Engineering and Science, and Business and Humanities. The constituent colleges were the CIT Crawford College of Art and Design, the CIT Cork School of Music and the National Maritime College of Ireland. Faculties were made up of Schools which in turn comprise two or more academic departments.

As of May 2020, CIT had 1,465 staff members of whom 862 were academic staff.

History
Cork Institute of Technology, and its predecessor Cork RTC, developed from earlier institutions such as the Royal Cork Institution which existed from 1807 until 1861, and the Crawford Municipal Technical Institute which was founded in 1912, which trained students in Science and Engineering. In 1930 the City of Cork Vocational Education Committee was set up. Cork Regional Technical College was established in 1974 and the Crawford Institute was merged with the new Cork RTC in 1976.

Following enactment of the Regional Technical Colleges Act 1992, it incorporated the Cork School of Music and the Crawford College of Art and Design on 1 January 1993. In late 1997 it was renamed from Regional Technical College, Cork, to Cork Institute of Technology.

James P. (Jim) Roche who was head of Crawford, became the first principal of Cork RTC. Dr. Patrick Kelleher became principal of the RTC in 1988, and the director of Cork IT until 2004. In 2007 the title of the head of the institute changed from "Director" to "President". Dr. Brendan J. Murphy was director/president from 2004 until retiring in 2017. He was succeeded by Dr. Barry O'Connor.

In March 2008, it was announced that CIT was applying for university status.

Staff
The institute's 2020 staff complement was 1,465, 862 being academic staff. The academic staff consisted of 473 permanent whole-time, 156 pro-rata part-time and 233 hourly-paid part-time members. The non-academic staff was composed of technical support, library, administrative and services staff. The non-academic staff members broke down as follows: 131 management, clerical, administrative and library; 177 student services, including examination invigilators; 82 technicians; 67 research staff; and 96 support staff including caretakers, attendants and cleaners.

Research
Research was a core dimension of CIT activity. This is underlined by the fact that, after Dublin Institute of Technology, CIT has the most extensive delegated authority to award PhDs. In collaboration with a wide range of organisations including Higher Education Institutions, Industry, State and Voluntary Bodies, CIT is involved in research that contributes to supporting:
 Regional and National Industry.
 The National and EU knowledge economy and Innovation Base.
 Enhanced quality of life within Irish society.
 Quality research postgraduate education at Masters and PhD level.
 Quality undergraduate and taught postgraduate teaching and learning.

The main Institute research activity was primarily, though not exclusively, organised around three Strategic Research Clusters that reflect the CIT current dominant strategic research strengths and critical mass. There are also new and emerging areas of research and a number of long established centres that engage in research and consultancy. Across the Institute faculties and constituent colleges, academic staff research interests range across Engineering, Science, Business and Humanities, Music and Art. The CIT Research mission is to continue to build on niche strengths and to develop sustainable and productive research, innovation, technology transfer and postgraduate education across all its faculties.

CIT hosted the 2011 Collaborative European Research Conference at its Blackrock Castle Observatory.

NIMBUS Centre
On 17 January 2010, CIT took possession of the new NIMBUS Centre for Embedded Systems Research and, on 16 March 2010, 65 researchers and students relocated from diverse locations in CIT to the NIMBUS building.

Funded through the HEA Programme for Research in Third Level Institutions (PRTLI) in 2007, NIMBUS was the first building nationally to be completed in the 4th cycle of PRTLI funding and reflects collaboration and project management by the CIT Development Office, the architects RKD, building contractors Walls and the team of researchers for whom the building was designed.

A research centre at the NIMBUS Centre is adjacent to and attached to the Rubicon Centre and its extension. The NIMBUS Centre provides space for up to 80 researchers, including facilities for undergraduate project students, visiting postgraduate students and researchers from other institutions and dedicated industry visitor workstations, where company researchers can work in collaboration with NIMBUS staff and use NIMBUS research facilities. A large area of the ground floor is given over to an open-plan laboratory space.

Academic alliances
CIT holds a partnership with the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences (h_da), Germany. CIT's BA in Multimedia offers a joint accreditation from CIT and h_da.

CIT offer a number of degree courses in conjunction with University College Cork, including their BSc in Architecture and BSc in Biomedical Science.

The CIT Blackrock Castle Observatory runs a programme in partnership with the Chabot Space & Science Center in Oakland, California.

CIT has also established various industrial alliances, particularly with Dell EMC and VMware, both of which have a business presence in Cork. The college also maintains close ties with Cisco Systems and the Cisco Networking Academy. CIT is itself both an official VMware and Cisco academy, as well as a Microsoft, Novell and ITIL academy.

Incubation and innovation programmes

Rubicon Centre
The Rubicon Centre is a business incubation centre and is located on campus at CIT. Home to over 40 knowledge-based start-up companies, the centre is jointly financed by CIT & Enterprise Ireland. Clients based at the Rubicon are at different stages of development, from concept stage to completing their first customer orders. In 2007, a second incubation facility was opened to accommodate the demand for on-campus incubation space. An extension to the existing building was due to be operational by June 2010.

The centre's role as an incubator is to assist the formation and growth of early stage, knowledge intensive businesses, by providing physical space, in-house management support, access to advice and support from Institute resources.

Genesis Programme
The Genesis Enterprise Programme is based at CIT's Rubicon Centre, offering participants the opportunity to avail of a 12-month rapid incubation programme that aims to support and accelerate graduate entrepreneurs in developing their business from a very early stage. It has been in operation since 1998. The programme supports entrepreneurs (for "knowledge based" fields "with export potential" such as Food, Information Technology, Biotech, Telecommunications, Renewable Energy, Medical Device and Automotive) in the South West region. It is supported by the Department of Education and Science, with participant support from Enterprise Ireland.

The programme is a full-time programme for graduates and is supported by University College Cork, Enterprise Ireland, Cork's County and City Enterprise Boards, Údarás Na Gaeltachta, and Cork BIC.

Innovation prize
Run in association with the Cork Enterprise Board, the 'CIT Prize for Innovation' awards those whose inventions and business ideas are judged "most creative, novel, innovative, and likely to succeed in the marketplace". The prize is open to all departments and entrants may use a project that form part of their coursework for the year. Entrants must be full-time or part-time students (including postgraduate students) at CIT during the current academic year. The awards are accompanied by a series of cash prizes, and in 2010 a prize fund of €10,000 was allocated.

Main campus

The main campus of some eighty acres is situated in Bishopstown, in the western suburbs of Cork city. It is equipped with theatres, lecture rooms, laboratories, drawing studios, a library, computer suites, open access computing centre and research units. Recreational facilities for students include a running track, tennis courts, all-weather pitch, a gymnasium and grass playing pitches. A new indoor swimming pool is located immediately adjacent to the institute. The campus holds a mixture of concrete panelled buildings and extensive modern brick architecture.

CIT's main campus has won awards for its architectural design and aesthetics.

Constituents
CIT has a number of constituent colleges and facilities.  These are located off its main campus, and include the CIT Cork School of Music, CIT Crawford College of Art and Design, National Maritime College of Ireland and CIT Blackrock Castle Observatory.

CIT Cork School of Music

The CIT Cork School of Music is located in the centre of Cork City. The college was founded in 1878 and became a school of Cork Institute of Technology in 1993. The school operates primarily from a five-floor purpose-built conservatory which was built on the site of an earlier premises. It opened on Union Quay in 2007 and was designed by Murray O'Laoire and Buro Happold.

With over three thousand enrolments, CIT Cork School of Music offers conservatory music and drama courses, from pre-school kindermusic classes, part-time instrumental, vocal and drama lessons, life-long-learning classes and performance ensembles to its full-time degree courses at bachelors, masters and doctoral level. Four hundred third-level students study on the four-year BMus, BA in Popular Music, BA in Musical Theatre, and BA in Theatre & Drama Studies; Masters in Performance and Music Technology; and PhD programmes.

Cork School of Music's Union Quay building hosts sixty Steinway pianos. The acoustics were provided by Applied Acoustic Design. The building incorporates three performance spaces, the Curtis Auditorium, Stack "Black Box" Theatre and the main Atrium which also functions as an art gallery. The building has a recording suite, six lecture theatres, the Fleischmann Library, two audio labs, an I.T. lab, over 50 teaching and practice studios, 5 medium-sized classrooms, 5 full sized classrooms each acoustically isolated to also act as practice rooms. Under the same roof is the Off-Quay restaurant, and a common room for full-time students with large open plan areas on all floors.

The school also has two harpsichords constructed in 2007 by the harpsichord-maker Michael Johnson, as well as housing the 1999 Michael Johnson instrument owned by Cork County Council.

CIT Crawford College of Art and Design

The CIT Crawford College of Art & Design is a constituent college of Cork Institute of Technology. The CIT Crawford College offers full-time courses to bachelor's degree, Masters and Higher Diploma levels, all validated by CIT and the Higher Education and Training Awards Council (HETAC).

The college is sited in its own campus in Sharman Crawford Street, approximately four miles from the main CIT campus in Bishopstown. The Crawford College of Art & Design is located near the primary art centres and schools in Cork.

CIT's Department of Fine Art and the Department of Art & Design Education are based at the Sharman Crawford Street campus, offering programmes in Fine Art, Ceramics and Art Education. CIT's Department of Media Communications became part of the Crawford College in January 2010. However, both the Department of Media Communications and the Department of Art Therapy are based at the college's Bishopstown campus.

Facilities at the Sharman Crawford Street campus include studios with personal work spaces for all students, and well-equipped workshops including ceramics, metal and wood fabrication, stone carving, foundry, photography, film and video, digital media, etching, lithography, silk screen and relief printmaking, textiles and stained glass. The library houses over 12,000 volumes, 45 periodicals and newspapers, and over 30,000 slides.

The CIT Crawford College of Art and Design has its origins in the Cork School of Design of 1850, which was associated with the Royal Cork Institution. The building that originally housed the college was built in 1724 as Cork's Custom House. In 1979 the college was transferred to its current location on Sharman Crawford Street, near Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral. The Crawford College of Art and Design has close ties to the Crawford Art Gallery, which is located in the college's former building. The Crawford Art Gallery houses John Butt's View of Cork, which was painted circa 1755, and shows the influence of Dutch trade on the early architecture of Cork.

Irish landscape painter James Brennan (RHA) was headmaster of the school from 1860 to 1889. It was he who influenced William Horatio Crawford, from the famous brewing family, to invest in the School, leading to the 1884 extension and subsequent renaming of the school to the Crawford Municipal School of Art. Under the Institutes of Technology Act 2006, the Crawford College of Art and Design became a designated school of the Cork Institute of Technology.

Principals of Crawford includes James Brenan, William Mulligan, Hugh Charde (1919-1937), John F. King, Jim Barry, Teddy Murphy and Jim Roche who was appointed in 1968, and went on to be the first principal of Cork RTC.

National Maritime College of Ireland
The National Maritime College of Ireland (NMCI) is a joint project between the Cork Institute of Technology and the Irish Naval Service.The joint delivery of programmes with the Defence Forces in Leadership, Management, Engineering and Computing up to and including Masters level. It is located in Ringaskiddy, County Cork, Ireland. The college provides a range of maritime qualifications, including at academic degree level, and its facilities can accommodate 750 students.

The college cost approximately €50 million when opened in October 2004 and was one of the first public private partnership type projects in education in the Republic of Ireland.

The college facilities include systems for training deck department personnel, including several bridge simulators, such as a 360-degree model and a 270-degree model. Workshops are provided for ropework and other deck associated skills, and simulators are provided for GMDSS training and cargo work. Engine department trainees avail of a fully functional engine room, which includes diesel engines, oil purifiers, air compressors, sewage treatment plant, fresh water generators and other equipment found on board oceangoing vessels. An engine room simulator is used to train personnel in watchkeeping, teamwork and process management. Common facilities include the survival training pool, helicopter dunker, lifeboats and firefighting training facility. Machine workshops are utilised to train engineers in turning, milling, grinding, welding and the use of hand tools for fabrication. There is a marine library on site, but with limited access.

In September 2006, King Harald and Queen Sonja of Norway visited the NMCI, while on a state visit to Ireland, to promote maritime links between Cork and Oslo.

CIT Blackrock Castle Observatory

Blackrock Castle was originally built on the River Lee in 1582 by the citizens of Cork as a watch tower and fort, assuring trade ships of a safe haven, the Elizabethan government of the era ordering a round tower constructed to protect against marauding pirates and other invaders. Following a charter by James I in 1608, Blackrock Castle was handed over to the City of Cork. In 1722 the old tower was destroyed by fire and was rebuilt with an octagonal room topped with a cupola. The castle was used at this time as the Corporation banquet hall. In 1827 the castle was again destroyed by fire, before being rebuilt a year later, three additional storeys and out-buildings being added at that time. In 2002 the castle underwent an extensive refurbishment programme, and in August 2007, Blackrock Castle was re-opened to the public as the CIT Blackrock Castle Observatory.

Cosmos at the Castle is an interactive astronomy exhibit that takes place at the observatory, featuring four cinema sized screens that share information with visitors on the Big Bang, the evolution of life on Earth, and the existence of extraterrestrial life in the Universe.

The observatory also houses a team of astronomical researchers and scientists from CIT, most of which are engaged in the development of new technologies designed for searching for planets around distant stars, a project known as the Planet Search Programme. Most of the researchers come from the Astronomy and Instrumentation Group, based within the Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation at CIT.

The observatory features a rooftop 16" Meade reflector telescope. A monthly remote astronomy schools project is run at the observatory. The project is entitled Web of Stars, and is run in conjunction with the Chabot Space & Science Center in Oakland, California.

CIT is the Irish partner in the Comenius funded European Union Hands on Universe project. This project trains teachers to use real astronomy data in the classroom to support the teaching of science and mathematics.

The castle hosted the 2011 Collaborative European Research Conference. In May 2011, a partnership between CIT and the National Space Centre was announced. The partnership saw the 32-metre satellite dish at Elfordstown Earthstation in Midleton, Co Cork, start a new life as a Deep Space Radio Telescope. The Deep Space Radio Telescope will be capable of detecting a host of cosmic phenomena. The dish was originally constructed in 1984 to take transatlantic telephone calls from Europe to the US, and was retired from use in the mid-1990s when the underground transatlantic cables were laid.

Sport
The college has several full-size pitches, some of which are floodlit, catering to field sports, including Gaelic games, soccer and Gaelic games. The college's primary hurling and Gaelic football pitch, located on campus, offers its own stadium. CIT's athletics track is now one of the finest in the country, and also enjoys its own purpose-built stadium. In addition to its 9 playing pitches, two stadia and international standard athletics track, CIT also boasts on campus all-weather astroturf pitches, tennis courts and a sports hall. CIT offers students free membership to its small gym and weights room. LeisureWorld, one of Cork's fitness and health facilities, is adjacent the campus, and offers special membership rates to CIT students and staff.

CIT's sports grounds play host to competitions throughout the year, including schools matches in Gaelic football, hurling, soccer and rugby. In the past, CIT has hosted the Avonmore Milk Munster Youth's Cup Rugby semi-finals, Simcox, Coirn Uí Mhuirí and various other competitions. The college's facilities also cater to the training needs of various local and inter-county teams, including the Cork Ladies Football teams from underage to senior level, Cork Senior and Minor Camogies and the Cork Minor and Under-21 Hurlers. CIT is also the home ground for the Cork Admirals Flag Football games.

In 2009 CIT won the Sigerson Cup, the premier Gaelic football competition in Ireland for the first time, beating Dublin Institute of Technology by 5 points in the final. CIT enjoys a local rivalry with University College Cork.

Other sports offered by the college include martial arts such as aikido, judo, karate, kickboxing and taekwondo. In addition to Gaelic games, soccer and rugby, CIT has teams involved in field sports such as flag football and hockey. Canoeing, rowing, sailing, sub aqua, surfing, and swimming make up the college's range of water sports, while many students also participate and compete in indoor sports such as aerobics, badminton, basketball, boxing, gymnastics, trampoling, pool, racquetball, table tennis and volleyball. Various other sports played at CIT include athletics, cycling, equestrian, golf, motorsport, mountaineering, rock-climbing, mountain biking, orienteering and tennis.

CIT annually awards sports bursaries to a wide range of sports for both senior and first-year students.

CIT's Sports Office oversees the college's sporting participation and facilities. The Office facilitates students and their clubs and is responsible for the management and upkeep of all sports facilities in the institute.

Munster Technological University

In May 2020, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced the formal approval of Munster Technological university, to begin operations in January 2021.

The proposal had been building for 3 years. The University would offer a multi-campus institution spanning across Cork and Kerry, creating a second University in the region, and third in the province of Munster. A formal application for T.U. status was lodged in February 2019.

In May 2019, academic staff of C.I.T. and I.T. Tralee rejected the merger, and an international advisory panel visited the campuses.

Controversies

Sexual harassment claims
A Freedom of Information request revealed in December 2020 that Cork IT spent €55,560.79 on legal fees after sexual harassment claims during each academic year between September 2015 and the middle of 2019. Another case, which had recently arisen, was not included in the total.

Notable alumni
 Alice Maher, artist
 John Burke, artist and member of Aosdana, studied at Crawford School of Art and also taught there
 Claire Keville, an Irish concertina and harpsichord player
 Vivienne Roche, sculptor and critic, Crawford School of Art (1970-1974)
 Brian Smyth, figurative painter
 Gary O'Donovan, Olympic rower
Michael Quane, sculptor, attended Crawford School of Art
 Talos, musician, attended Cork School of Music (1982–87)

See also
 Education in Cork
 Education in the Republic of Ireland
 Third-level education in the Republic of Ireland

References

External links
 Official website

Munster Technological University
Institutes of technology in the Republic of Ireland
Education in Cork (city)
1973 establishments in Ireland
Organisations based in Cork (city)
Art schools in Ireland
2021 disestablishments in Ireland
Educational institutions disestablished in 2021
Universities and colleges established in 1973

Cork Institute of Technology


Leyow ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Christine Leyow (* 1971), jamaikanische Badmintonspielerin
 Maria Leyow (* um 1960), jamaikanische Badmintonspielerin
 Paul Leyow (* um 1970), jamaikanischer Badmintonspieler
 Terry Leyow (* 1966), jamaikanische Badmintonspielerin

Leyow


Paul Borchert ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Paul Borchert (Bildhauer) (1868–1930), deutscher Bildhauer
 Paul Borchert (Politiker) (1874–nach 1933), deutscher Manager und Politiker (Reichspartei des deutschen Mittelstandes)

Paul Borchert


El Loro Ravachol ("El loro más famoso del mundo") vivió en Pontevedra, España, entre 1891 y 1913. Era el animal de compañía del farmacéutico Perfecto Feijoo. A lo largo de su vida se convirtió en un símbolo de la ciudad por su carisma y simpatía. Tras su muerte, la población pontevedresa le dedicó una calurosa despedida con una multitudinaria asistencia. El entierro del loro Ravachol se conmemora todos los años en los carnavales de la ciudad de Pontevedra.

El propietario
El farmacéutico pontevedrés Perfecto Feijoo se licenció en la Universidad de Santiago, y desde 1880 regentaba la botica de la plaza del santuario de la Iglesia de la Peregrina en la esquina con la calle Oliva. Don Perfecto fue un pionero en el campo de la música tradicional; tocaba la gaita y fue fundador del primer coro folklórico de Galicia en 1880. De carácter ameno y cercano, reunía en su farmacia a la flor y nata de la sociedad pontevedresa. Personalidades de la política, las artes y las ciencias acudían a su botica participando en las más animadas tertulias. Sin duda se trata una de las personalidades más carismáticas de la Galicia de la época.

Orígenes
En 1702 la flota española aliada con la francesa intenta desembarcar en la Ría de Vigo las mercancías traídas de América. Los barcos son atacados por la flota anglo-holandesa dando lugar a la famosa Batalla de Rande. Entre las mercancías del nuevo continente había un cargamento de aves exóticas. Del hundimiento de los buques logran sobrevivir un gran número de papagayos que se expandieron por las cercanías y fueron recogiendo los paisanos. El estudioso Fray Martin Sarmiento nos relata la existencia de un papagayo expuesto en una jaula frente a la casa del concejo (ayuntamiento). El profesor Filgueira Valverde (Adral) nos recuerda la posibilidad de que Ravachol fuera descendiente directo de aquellos "papagayos de la flota".

Se desconoce la fecha de nacimiento del loro Ravachol pero se sabe que es en 1891 cuando un profesor de música amigo de D. Perfecto le regala tan exótico animal. Se trata de Martín Fayes, quien ostentaba el cargo de director de la banda militar del regimiento de infantería de Guillarei-Tui, muy próximo a la frontera con Portugal. De dicho regimiento llega un joven loro que estaría en Pontevedra 22 años.

Llegada a Pontevedra
La adaptación del loro a su nuevo hogar le llevó cierto tiempo, si bien una vez que mostró su temperamento, sorprendió a propios y extraños. "Pronto exteriorizó su carácter alborotador e irreverente que llevaba dentro". Su habilidad para la palabra se funde con un vocabulario vulgar y cuartelero que deja sorprendidos a vecinos y visitantes. La jaula del loro según la época del año y la hora del día se sitúa en la botica, en la rebotica o en el exterior de la farmacia junto a un banco de piedra. Era este último lugar donde el loro se encontraba más a gusto disfrutando del bullicio de los transeúntes.

El nombre
No existe constancia de que el loro tuviera un nombre determinado durante sus primeros meses en Pontevedra, pero antes de que se cumpliera un año de su llegada a la ciudad, todos los vecinos lo conocían con el nombre de un famoso revolucionario francés, François Claudius Koënigstein, conocido como Ravachol, un anarquista que además de alborotador se ganó la fama de temido terrorista por unos atentados realizados con dinamita. Tras su detención, en 1892 es ejecutado en la guillotina. La noticia ocupó titulares de prensa en todo el mundo.

Es el propio don Perfecto el que bautiza al loro con el nombre de Ravachol, dadas sus muestras de rebeldía y carácter alborotador.

Carisma
Sin duda el temperamento del loro fue de lo más peculiar, su verborrea y facilidad de palabra lo convierten en un singular atractivo. Pronto se gana el cariño popular y hasta la farmacia se acercan vecinos de todos los lugares para observar con asombro sus habilidades. Muchos clientes obsequian al loro con algún caramelo, los que no lo hacían solían recibir un buen rapapolvo.

La vida del simpático animal estuvo marcada por un gran número de anécdotas relacionadas con su facilidad de palabra y especial sarcasmo. Lo más sorprendente es que a su fluidez en el lenguaje iba unida una supuesta inteligencia que le permitía mantener pequeñas conversaciones. Además identificaba algunas situaciones para aplicar sus frases, casi siempre en gallego, que pronto se hicieron populares y fueron utilizadas en el lenguaje diario de los pontevedreses. Don Perfecto trató de corregir su mal comportamiento verbal y la frase amenazante "se collo a vara". Esta frase el loro la hizo propia para dirigirse a los que se metían con él. Cuando algún paisano se acercaba y hacía que le daba un caramelo "Vaite de aí, lambón". Si nadie atendía la botica y entraba algún cliente gritaba: "Don Perfeuto, parroquia" o también "Xente na tenda". Si el cliente tenía mal aspecto gritaba "aquí non se fía". Para cuando entraba un sacerdote imitaba a un cuervo. También tenía fama su forma de hacer plegarias y cantos durante la misa en el cercano santuario de la Peregrina, causando malestar en los religiosos, a los que llamaba "bárbaros".
El loro Ravachol se despachó bien a gusto con varios personajes de la época. Recibieron sus insultos intelectuales y poderosos políticos. Al propio presidente del gobierno Eugenio Montero Ríos y a la escritora Emilia Pardo Bazán les dedicó insultos que acarrearían buena condena en la época.
Una muestra de su sorprendente capacidad es que en ocasiones gritaba "Don Perfeuto, a despachar" y cuando se acercaba el farmacéutico le decía "engañeiche".
En los carnavales de 1900 se le concede un papel en una obra de teatro, ya que sus habilidades para la conversación convencen al director. Aunque a la hora de la verdad demuestra su extravagancia, actuando de manera indisciplinada y poniendo verdes a todos los actores.

Entierro antiguo
El 26 de enero de 1913 fallece el loro. Se dice que la causa de su muerte fue un empacho de bizcochos mojados en vino. La prensa recoge la noticia con gran estupor dejando a la sociedad pontevedresa sumida en el más profundo desconsuelo. Reseñan los periódicos que Ravachol gozaba en toda Galicia de una "notable nombradía". La sociedad pontevedresa se envuelve de una triste sensación de dolor y se organiza para despedir al referente más emblemático de la ciudad.
El cadáver es embalsamado y expuesto en la farmacia que se abarrota por las muestras de dolor de los pontevedreses. A don Perfecto le llegan telegramas de toda la geografía española.

La farmacia se queda pequeña y es la Sociedad de Artesanos la que instala, con más solemnidad, una capilla ardiente. Además de la ciudadanía acuden todas las autoridades civiles y militares, la noticia ha conmovido a la ciudad y comarca. Fijan la fecha del entierro para el día 5 de febrero, miércoles de Ceniza. La Sociedad de Artesanos organiza los actos fúnebres. Se publica un bando donde solicitan la asistencia al entierro "disfrazado cada uno a su manera y portando un farol fúnebre"
. Encabeza la comitiva una docena de jinetes, y se compone de bandas de música, comparsas, carrozas y miles de paisanos que en luctuoso desfile se dirigen al Circo-Teatro de la Alameda.
Ante un graderío abarrotado se celebra una fúnebre despedida denominada "Velada Infausta". Ilustres pontevedreses participan de estos actos que despiden al muy querido loro Ravachol.
Los restos mortales del animal son enterrados en la finca que D. Perfecto poseía en Mourente. Son los íntimos tertulianos de la botica, los que dan el último adiós al loro que durante más de veinte años mantuvo a la sociedad pontevedresa pendiente de sus extravagancias.

Entierro moderno
En el año 1985, un grupo de animados pontevedreses junto a la comisión municipal de fiestas, deciden recrear el velatorio y entierro del loro Ravachol en el carnaval de la ciudad. Destacamos la participación de Bibiana Araújo, Pepe Shiva y Xosé Brea. El éxito de esa primera recreación fue de tal dimensión que en pocos años el entierro se convirtió en uno de los actos más populares de los carnavales españoles. La celebración cierra la semana del animadisímo carnaval pontevedrés. Es habitual que Ravachol aparezca el lunes con un disfraz que cambia cada año según la actualidad. En un principio el entierro se celebraba en viernes, pero ha sido trasladado al sábado o domingo para facilitar la participación de los miles de asistentes llegados de todos los lugares.

Relevancia
Son innumerables las muestras de reconocimiento a esta figura del carnaval pontevedrés. Ha sido objeto de reportajes televisivos, crónicas periodísticas, estudios históricos e inspiración literaria. Asimismo cuenta con su propia saeta, su propia rumba, sus tanguillos y coplas murgueras, su pin y su diferente merchandising. Como colofón decir que el loro Ravachol disfruta de un monumento alusivo en el preciso lugar donde transcurrieron sus pintorescas hazañas. Precisamente allí se recronstruye la botica y se recrean las famosas tertulias.

Coplilla murguera:
Si quieres ir a la moda
Yo tengo la solución
Te pinchas un muñequito
y ya pareces un señor
Ponte un Curro,
ponte un Cobi,
y también un Pelegrín
que hasta el loro Ravachol
tiene ya su propio pin.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Museo de Pontevedra
 Vidavedra -César Abal-
 Diario de Pontevedra -Manuel Jabois-
 La Voz de Galicia -María Conde y Serxio Barral-

Aves famosas
Pontevedra
Galicia
Loros en la cultura
Escultura urbana en Pontevedra

Loro Ravachol


الحياة الجديدة صحيفة يومية سياسية شاملة تصدر في فلسطين. ومقرها الرئيسي مدينة رام الله، أسسها نبيل عمرو وحافظ البرغوثي عام 1995 الذي ترأس تحريرها حتى عام 2012. وهي تعتبر لسان حال السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية. يرأس تحريرها حاليًّا محمود أبو الهيجاء، وكان قد سبقه على رئاسة تحريرها يحيى يخلف وعارف حجاوي.

الجوائز:
حازت الصحيفة على المرتبة الثانية في جائزة أفضل مقال صحفي حول عروبة مدينة القدس، والتي نظمته جامعة الدول العربية في مسابقة التميز الإعلامي (2018- 2019) في دورتها الرابعة عن مقال "القدس حين تروي" للكاتب محمود أبو الهيجاء.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 جريدة القدس
 جريدة الايام

وصلة

موقع الحياة الجديدة

تأسيسات سنة 1995 في فلسطين
سياسة فلسطين
صحف باللغة العربية
صحف فلسطينية
صحف يومية
منشورات أسست في 1995
وسائل الإعلام في رام الله
صحف أسست في 1995

صحيفة الحياة الجديدة


Edward John China (født 9. maj 1971) er en engelsk tv-vært, mekaniker, motorspecialist og opfinder, der er bedst kendt som vært og mekaniker i Discovery Channels tv-program Wheeler Dealers. Han har også optrådt i den gamle udgave af Top Gear, Auto Trader, Scrapheap Challenge og Fifth Gear. Siden 2018 har han lavet sin egen YouTube-serie kaldet Edd China's Garage Revival.

China er direktør for to virksomheder; Grease Junkie (hjemmesiden der sælger Wheeler Dealers og Grease Junkie merchandise), og Cummfy Banana Ltd, der er et butik, hvor han sælger og styrer sine bil-kreationer og hans verdensrekordforsøg. China har Guinnessrekorden for hurtigst skur, toilet, seng, mælkevogn og største motoriserede indkøbsvogn.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Edd China's Facebook Page
 Grease Junkie Website
 Edd's Twitter account
 Wheeler Dealers Official Website
 Edd's YouTube channel
 Cummfy Banana Website

Personer fra England
Mekanikere

Edd China


Die Evangelische Kirche ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Kirchengebäude am Kirchplatz in Lotte, einer Gemeinde im Kreis Steinfurt in Nordrhein-Westfalen.

Geschichte und Architektur
Das Kirchspiel wurde 1312 von Otto von Tecklenburg gegründet. Von der 1315 vollendeten Kirche ist noch die Turmhalle erhalten. An diese wurde der spätgotische Saal angefügt. Die Saalkirche mit drei Jochen ist von einem mächtigen, verschieferten Giebelreiter bekrönt, dieser wurde 1644 aufgesetzt. Der Innenraum wurde 1909 neu gestaltet, seit dieser Zeit dient die Turmhalle als Chor. Der Putzbau ist in der Westwand durch Fünfpassfenster, ansonsten durch Spitzbogenfenster gegliedert. In den Seitenwänden der niedrigen Chorhalle mit Domikalgewölbe befinden sich rundbogige Nischen. In das Langhaus wurde ein sechsteiliges, im östlichen Joch ein vierteiliges, gebustes Rippengewölbe eingezogen. Die Schlusssteine sind mit Reliefdarstellungen verziert. Die Empore mit Holzintarsien wurde nach 1909 eingebaut.

Ausstattung
 Das barocke Orgelgehäuse ist mit 1684 bezeichnet, es wurde 1807 verändert.
 Die dreistöckige flämische Leuchterkrone aus Messing ist mit 1777 bezeichnet.
 Die Glocke wurde 1782 von Wilhelm Anton Rincker gegossen.
 Im Chorraum steht ein als achteckige Säule gefertigter Taufstein, er wurde 2004 angeschafft.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio, unter wissenschaftlicher Leitung von Ursula Quednau: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Nordrhein-Westfalen II Westfalen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin/München 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2

Weblinks

 Geschichte und Fotos, abgerufen am 8. Mai 2012

Baudenkmal in Lotte (Westfalen)
Lotte
Erbaut in den 1310er Jahren
Lotte
Lotte
Lotte
Bauwerk in Lotte (Westfalen)
Lotte
Lotte

Evangelische Kirche Lotte


Hans Mischler (* 20. November 1911 in Schwarzenburg; Gemeinde Wahlern; † 5. Dezember 1988 in Bern) war ein Schweizer Politiker (SP).

Mischler gehörte von 1950 bis 1972 dem Grossen Rat des Kantons Bern an, den er  1970/71 präsidierte. Von 1964 bis 1970 wirkte er in der bernischen Staatswirtschaftskommission. Von 1958 bis 1974 war er Präsident des Gewerkschaftsbundes Bern, und von 1961 bis 1981 Verwaltungsrat von Coop Bern.

Weblinks

Grossrat (Bern)
SP-Mitglied (Schweiz)
Schweizer
Geboren 1911
Gestorben 1988
Mann

Hans Mischler


Green Hell é um jogo eletrônico de sobrevivência desenvolvido e publicado pela Creepy Jar. O jogo se passa na floresta amazônica.

Jogabilidade
O jogo é em perspectiva de primeira pessoa no modo para um jogador ou no modo multijogador cooperativo. É um simulador em mundo aberto em que o jogador deve garantir sua sobrevivência coletando matérias-primas e alimentos, bem como criando objetos e cabines. O jogador começa em um acampamento na selva solitário, sem qualquer contexto adicional. O ambiente do jogo muda dinamicamente e influencia o estado físico e psicológico do personagem, por exemplo, na forma de alucinações. Além disso, o jogador deve estar atento a uma alimentação balanceada, o que é explicado por um smartwatch. O jogador deve dormir o suficiente e manter sua saúde, por exemplo, evitando o contato com animais peçonhentos ou alimentos desagradáveis e evitar ferimentos. Para restaurar a saúde, o jogador pode fazer remédios e curativos. Uma bússola e GPS servem como auxiliares de navegação.

No modo opcional de história, o jogador segue uma história que gira em torno da busca pela esposa desaparecida.

Uma prequela do lançamento original, intitulada Spirits of Amazonia Part 1, foi lançada em 28 de janeiro de 2021. Spirits of Amazonia Part 2 lançado em 22 de junho de 2021. Ambos oferecem jogabilidade individual e cooperativa.

História
A história gira em torno do antropólogo e pesquisador da floresta tropical Jake Higgins, que acorda na selva às margens do Rio Amazonas. Ele tenta se familiarizar com os arredores para garantir sua sobrevivência e encontrar sua esposa Mia, que desapareceu depois de fazer uma viagem solo para uma aldeia tribal próxima. Ela é linguista e quer fazer o primeiro contato com o povo indígena Yabahuca. A história é contada em perspectiva primeira pessoa por Jake, que percebe que sua esposa está em perigo. Sua única conexão com ela é por meio de um rádio.

Recepção

O título foi bem recebido pela crítica. No Metacritic, ele possui um índice de aprovação de 78/100, com base em 13 avaliações. Em 24 de junho de 2020, Creepy Jar anunciou que o jogo vendeu mais de 1 milhão de cópias.

Indicações
O jogo foi nomeado para o Central & Eastern European Game Awards 2019 nas categorias Melhor Jogo e Melhor Design.

Ligações externas

Jogos para Xbox One
Jogos para Windows
Jogos eletrônicos desenvolvidos na Polônia
Jogos eletrônicos de sobrevivência
Jogos para PlayStation 4
Jogos para Nintendo Switch
Jogos eletrônicos multijogador e um jogador
Jogos eletrônicos com acesso antecipado
Jogos eletrônicos de 2019
Jogos eletrônicos ambientados na América do Sul
Jogos eletrônicos ambientados em florestas

Green Hell (jogo eletrônico)


Bintou Dembélé, connue sous le pseudonyme de Bintou Zébala, est une femme politique malienne née en 1959 à Zébala. Elle est militante du parti Solidarité africaine pour la démocratie et l'indépendance (Sadi).

Elle est élue députée à l'Assemblée nationale dans le cercle de Bougouni aux élections législatives maliennes de 2020. L'Assemblée nationale est dissoute le 19 août 2020 après un coup d'État.

Références

Député malien
Femme politique malienne
Naissance en 1959
Naissance dans la région de Sikasso
Personnalité de solidarité africaine pour la démocratie et l'indépendance

Bintou Dembélé (femme politique)


Ludovik Manin
 (Lodovico Giovanni Manin; Mleci, 23. lipnja 1726. – Mleci, 24. listopada 1802.). bio je 120. i posljednji dužd Mletačke Republike. Dužnost je obnašao od 9. ožujka 1789. do 12. svibnja 1797. godine. Investitura je bila 10. ožujka 1789. godine. Na dužnosti je naslijedio Paola Reniera, a nakon njega nije više bilo duždeva.

Rodio se od roditelja Lodovica Alvisea Manina i Marije di Pietro Basadonna, pranećakinje kardinala Pietra Basadonne. Iz vrlo bogate obitelji Manin toskanskog podrijetla, koja je preselila u Furlaniju tijekom 14. stoljeća, i ušla je u mletački patricijat stoljeće i pol prije (1651.), ne po zaslugama, nego zahvaljujući kupovinom od 130.000 dukata, namijenjenih financiraju Kandijskog rata. Zahvaljujući brakovima s utjecajnim kućama, uspjeli su si osigurati visoki društveni položaj, radi zadovoljenja političkih ambicija svojih članova. Ludovikova supruga bila je Elisabetta iz bogate utjecajne kuće Grimani.

Umro je 24. listopada 1802. godine. Grob mu je u crkvi Bosonogih (Scalzi).

Izvori

Mletački duždevi

Ludovik Manin


Seyyid Hâşim Bey, Osmanlı hukukçu ve siyasetçi.

Hayatı

Ailesi
Seyyid Haşim Bey, 17 Mayıs 1882 günü Humus'ta doğmuştur. Babası, Beylerbeyi'nde bulunan Bedevi Dergahı'nın şeyhi Seyyid Said Efendi, annesi ise Zeynep Hanım'dır. Seyyid Said Efendi, İmam Zeynel Abidin soyundan gelmektedir. Seyyid Haşim Bey'in Nesib, Eşref, Mahmud Ratib, Cafer ve Abdülmuttalib isimli beş erkek, Suad ve Seniha isimli iki kız kardeşi vardır. Ağabeyi Nesib Bey, Darülfünun Hukuk Fakültesi'nin Hukuk-ı Medeniye, hem de Süleymaniye Medresesi'nin usul-i Fıkıh dersleri müderrisidir, babasının ölümünden sonra şeyhlik makamına oturmuştur ayrıca Dârü'l-Hikmeti'l-İslâmiye üyesidir. Ağabeyi Eşref Bey, Osmanlının son devirlerinde kaymakamlık, mülkiye müfettişliği ve mutasarrıflık; Cumhuriyet döneminde valilik görevleri yapmıştır, Kurtuluş Savaşı'daki hizmetleri nedeni ile TBMM tarafından Beyaz Şeritli İstiklâl Madalyası ile taltif edilmiştir. Ağabeyi Mahmud Ratib Bey, Nesib Bey'in ölümünden sonra, dergahın son postnişini olmuştur.

Eğitimi
İbtidaiye ve Rüştiye'de aldığı eğitimin ardından 1904 yılında Mekteb-i Sultani'den mezun olmuştur. 1909 yılında Mekteb-i Hukuk'tan mezun olmuştur. Açılan imtihanda başarı göstererek, tahsilini tamamlamak maksadıyla, Adliye Nezâreti tarafından 1909'da Paris'e gönderilmiştir. Eğitim hayatını üç yıl kadar süren Paris Hukuk Fakültesi'ndeki bu son evre ile 1912-1913 yıllarında tamamlamıştır.

Siyasi hayatı
Seyyid Haşim Bey Paris'te talebe iken Meclis-i Mebusan II.(4) döneminde İttihad ve Terakki'den Hama mebusu seçilmiştir. 8 Haziran 1912 günü yapılan oturumda Paris'teki sınavlarından dolayı Temmuz ayının sonuna kadar izinli sayılması uygun bulundu. Meclisin son birleşim tarihi ise 5 Ağustos 1912 idi. Bu birleşimde alınan kararla Meclis tatil edilmiştir. Seyyid Haşim Bey, 19 Ağustos 1913 tarihinde Şûrâ-yı Devlet üyeliğine atanmıştır. Bu arada ilk olarak Mekteb-i Mülkiye'de, sonrasında Hukuk Fakültesi'nde Usul-i Muhâkemât-ı Hukûkiye dersleri vermiştir. Hukuk Fakültesi'nde, ölümüne kadar devam edeceği muallimlik görevine Hukuk-ı İdare dersi de eklenmiştir. 1 Aralık 1914'te Umur-u Mahalliyye-i Vilâyat Müdüriyeti'ne (Mahalli İdareler Müdürlüğü) atanması nedeniyle istifa eden Atıf Bey'in yerine III.(5) döneminde Burdur mebusu seçilmiştir. Böylelikle iki yıldan fazla süren Şûrâ-yı Devlet üyeliği sona ermiştir.

Ölümü
7 Ekim 1917 tarihinde tedavi gördüğü kanser nedeniyle Zürih'te ölmüştür. Öldüğünde henüz 35 yaşındaydı.

Kaynakça

1882 doğumlular
Humus doğumlular
1917 yılında ölenler
Zürih'te ölenler
Kanserden ölenler
Galatasaray Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Şûrâ-yı Devlet üyeleri
1912 Nisan-Ağustos Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı Hama üyeleri
1914-1918 Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı Burdur üyeleri
Resim aranan siyasetçiler

Seyyid Haşim Bey


An Aristida sciuroides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Karel Domin. An Aristida sciuroides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aristida, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Queensland. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aristida

Aristida sciuroides


Uttarpara (en bengalí: উত্তরপাড়া ) es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de Hugli, estado de Bengala Occidental.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 8  a 14 km de la capital estatal, Calcuta, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 207 081 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bengala Occidental

Uttarpara


An Sagittaria montevidensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Adelbert von Chamisso ngan Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal. An Sagittaria montevidensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sagittaria, ngan familia nga Alismataceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 S. m. calycina
 S. m. montevidensis
 S. m. spongiosa

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Sagittaria

Sagittaria montevidensis


De her dage er det andet studiealbum af den danske sangerinde og sangskriver Marie Key. Det blev udgivet i 2012 og modtog fem ud af seks stjerner i musikmagasinet GAFFA.

Spor
 "Landet" - 3:28
 "Ryg Mod Ryg" - 2:54
 "Crowd" - 3:57
 "Festens Bedste Gæst" - 2:53
 "Uden Forsvar" - 2:55
 "Uopnåelig" - 3:53
 "Let Som En Fjer" - 3:24
 "Skagen" - 1:26
 "Et Aftalt Spil" - 3:59
 "På Farten" - 3:51
 "De Her Dage" - 3:24

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 De her dage på Discogs

Album fra 2012
Popalbum fra Danmark

De her dage


Jean Ilie (n. ? - d. ?) a fost un comunist român, primar al Bucureștiului în perioada iulie 1952 - martie 1953.
Jean Ilie a fost deputat în Marea Adunare Națională în sesiunea 1952 -1957, ales în București, circumscripția electorală Tudor Vladimirescu.

Referințe

Nașteri cu dată necunoscută
Decese cu dată necunoscută
Primari ai Bucureștiului
Politicieni români din secolul al XX-lea
Comuniști români
Membri ai Partidului Comunist Român
Deputați români în Marea Adunare Națională

Jean Ilie


In computer data storage, data striping is the technique of segmenting logically sequential data, such as a file, so that consecutive segments are stored on different physical storage devices.

Striping is useful when a processing device requests data more quickly than a single storage device can provide it. By spreading segments across multiple devices which can be accessed concurrently, total data throughput is increased. It is also a useful method for balancing I/O load across an array of disks. Striping is used across disk drives in redundant array of independent disks (RAID) storage, network interface controllers, disk arrays, different computers in clustered file systems and grid-oriented storage, and RAM in some systems.

Method
One method of striping is done by interleaving sequential segments on storage devices in a round-robin fashion from the beginning of the data sequence. This works well for streaming data, but subsequent random accesses will require knowledge of which device contains the data.  If the data is stored such that the physical address of each data segment is assigned a one-to-one mapping to a particular device,  the device to access each segment requested can be calculated from the address without knowing the offset of the data within the full sequence.

Other methods might be employed in which sequential segments are not stored on sequential devices. Such non-sequential interleaving can have benefits in some error correction schemes.

Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of striping include performance and throughput. Sequential time interleaving of data accesses allows the lesser data access throughput of each storage devices to be cumulatively multiplied by the number of storage devices employed. Increased throughput allows the data processing device to continue its work without interruption, and thereby finish its procedures more quickly. This is manifested in improved performance of the data processing.

Because different segments of data are kept on different storage devices, the failure of one device causes the corruption of the full data sequence. In effect, the failure rate of the array of storage devices is equal to the sum of the failure rate of each storage device. This disadvantage of striping can be overcome by the storage of redundant information, such as parity, for the purpose of error correction. In such a system, the disadvantage is overcome at the cost of requiring extra storage.

Terminology
The segments of sequential data written to or read from a disk before the operation continues on the next disk are usually called chunks, strides or stripe units, while their logical groups forming single striped operations are called strips or stripes.  The amount of data in one chunk (stripe unit), often denominated in bytes, is variously referred to as the chunk size, stride size, stripe size, stripe depth or stripe length.  The number of data disks in the array is sometimes called the stripe width, but it may also refer to the amount of data within a stripe.

The amount of data in one stride multiplied by the number of data disks in the array (i.e., stripe depth times stripe width, which in the geometrical analogy would yield an area) is sometimes called the stripe size or stripe width.  Wide striping occurs when chunks of data are spread across multiple arrays, possibly all the drives in the system. Narrow striping occurs when the chunks of data are spread across the drives in a single array.

Applications
Data striping is used in some databases, such as Sybase, and in certain RAID devices under software or hardware control, such as IBM's 9394 RAMAC Array subsystem. File systems of clusters also use striping. Oracle Automatic Storage Management allows ASM files to be either coarse or fine striped.

 RAID
 In some RAID configurations, such as RAID 0, failure of a single member drive of the RAID array causes all stored data to be lost. In other RAID configurations, such as a RAID 5 that contains distributed parity and provides redundancy, if one member drive fails the data can be restored using the other drives in the array.

 LVM2
 Data striping can also be achieved with Linux's Logical Volume Management (LVM). The LVM system allows for the adjustment of coarseness of the striping pattern. LVM tools will allow implementation of data striping in conjunction with mirroring. LVM offers the added benefit of read and write caching on NVM Express for slow spinning storage. LVM has other advantages that are not directly related to data striping (like snapshots, dynamic resizing, etc).

 Btrfs and ZFS
 Have RAID like features but with the security of chunk integrity to detect bad blocks, and the added flexibility of adding arbitrary numbers of extra drives. They also have other advantages that are not directly related to data striping (copy on write, etc).

See also

 Partition alignment
 Link aggregation

References

Data partitioning
RAID
Balancing technology

Data striping


Kuzeybatı Kafkas dilleri ya da Abhaz-Adige dilleri, Kafkasya'ya özgü bir dil ailesidir ve asıl olarak Kafkasya'nın kuzeybatı bölümünde ve dünyanın birçok ülkesine dağılmış diaspora ülkelerinde konuşulur. Kuzey Kafkas dillerini oluşturan iki gruptan biridir. Kafkasya'ya özgü iki dil ailesi daha bulunmaktadır ve bunlar Kuzeydoğu Kafkas dilleri ve Güney Kafkas dilleridir. Bu üç dil ailesi arasında kanıtlanmış bir köken bağı bulunmamaktadır.

Kuzeybatı Kafkas dilleri içinde Abazaca, Abhazca, Adigece, Kabardeyce ve şu an ölü dil statüsünde olan Ubıhça yer alır. Bu dillerin özelliklerinden biri, çok sayıda ünsüze karşın az sayıda ünlü içermesidir.

Sınıflandırma
Kuzeybatı Kafkas dilleri esasen üç kola ayrılır:
Abhaz-Abaza
Abhazca
Abazaca
Ubıh
Ubıhça
Çerkes
Adigece (Batı Çerkesçesi)
Kabardeyce (Doğu Çerkesçesi)

Kaynakça

Kuzeybatı Kafkas dilleri


ඇපල් සිරි යනු ඇපල් අය් ෆෝනයත් සමග ලැබෙන කෘතිම බුද්ධිය සහිත වැඩසටහනකි
අයි ඔඑස් 11 හිදි මෙය පෙර පැවතියාට වඩා වැඩි දියුනුවක් ලබාගෙන ඇති අතර එහි කටහඬ මිනිස් කටහඬට බෙහෙවින් සමානවන ලෙස නිර්මාණය කර ඇත

අයි ෆෝන් සිරි