القوة المحركة المغناطيسية  في الدائرة المغناطيسية مكافئة للقوة المحركة الكهربية في الدوائر الكهربية أو (فرق الجهد) تجاوزاً. والقوة المحركة المغناطيسية هي شدة المجال المغناطيسي في لفة من الأسلاك، ويعتمد هذا كمية التيار الكهربي المار في هذه اللفات وتزداد القوة المحركة المغناطيسية وبالتالي تزداد كمية الفيض المغناطيسي الجاري في الدائرة بازدياد شدة التيار الكهربي المار في اللفات، كذلك كلما زاد عدد اللفات زادت القوة المحركة وزاد تركيز خطوط القوة.

تعطى قوانين القوة المحركة المغناطيسية رياضيا كالتالي :

حسب قانون أمبير :

M هي القوة المحركة ووحدتها أمبير-لفة و H هي شدة المجال المغناطيسي أمبير لكل متر

لحساب قيمة القوة المتحصلة جراء مرور تيار كهربي I في عدد من اللفات N.

و تعطى علاقته بالفيض المغناطيسي الناشئ عنه كالتالي

حيث R هي الممانعة المغناطيسية.

مراجع

كميات فيزيائية
مغناطيسية

قوة محركة مغناطيسية


Chinah – China aus der Nähe erleben (Eigenschreibung: CHINAH) ist ein chinesisches Kulturjahr in Deutschland, das 2012 aus Anlass des 40-jährigen Jubiläums der Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen zwischen der Volksrepublik China und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland stattfand und mit einem Abschlusskonzert am 13. Januar 2013 ausklang. Es ist das erste seiner Art in Deutschland.

Die Eröffnungswoche fand in Berlin vom 30. Januar bis zum 5. Februar 2012 statt und wurde durch ein Konzert mit dem chinesischen Dirigenten Yu Long, den chinesischen Philharmonikern und dem Beijinger Ensemble der Peking-Oper eröffnet. Des Weiteren standen Klavier-Solokonzerte, Konzerte der chinesischen volkstümlichen Musik und Weltmusik, Aufführungen der Kunqu-Oper, Vorträge der chinesischen klassischen Literatur und Kulturdialoge auf dem Programm des Kulturjahres.

Die Schirmherrschaft über den Veranstaltungszyklus hatten der Bundespräsident Christian Wulff und der chinesische Staatspräsident Hu Jintao gemeinsam übernommen. In den deutschen Medien gab es ein vorwiegend negativ eingefärbtes Presseecho aufgrund ideologischer Vorbehalte gegenüber der Volksrepublik und ihrer kommunistischen Führung. Das Kulturjahr ist die chinesische Antwort auf die dreijährige Veranstaltungsreihe "Deutschland und China – Gemeinsam in Bewegung", die in China stattfand. Insgesamt werden mehr als 500 Veranstaltungen mit rund 1.500 chinesischen Künstlern über das ganze Jahr verteilt stattfinden.

Im Jahr 2009 waren die bilateralen Grundlagen für die Kooperation durch Staatsministerin Cornelia Pieper auf ministerieller Ebene gelegt worden.

Weblinks
 Seite mit Veranstaltungshinweisen
 Dialogreihe anlässlich des chinesischen Kulturjahres 2012

Einzelnachweise

Chinesisch-deutsche Beziehungen
Veranstaltung in Deutschland

Chinah


Lenquête ARC3 (pour ) est un modèle d'enquête développé pour analyser les actes et les victimations d'infraction sexuelle sur les campus étudiants aux États-Unis. L'ARC3 permet de mesurer la fréquence des agressions sexuelles et recueille aussi des données sur les auteurs de ces agressions.

Historique

Aux États-Unis, les agressions sexuelles à l'université sont courantes. Des estimations montrent qu'environ 15 à 20 % des étudiantes signalent des faits des viol ou de tentative de viol pendant leur passage à l'université et que plus de 50 % des étudiantes ont subi une variante de sollicitations sexuelles importunes. Les rescapées des violences sexuelles sont davantage exposées aux risques de développer de l'anxiété, des dépressions, des troubles de stress post-traumatiques, des abus de psychotropes et d'autres problèmes de santé ; en outre, leurs performances universitaires peuvent s'en ressentir. Par ailleurs, d'après le rapport sur les agressions sexuelles de l, les répercussions peuvent aussi conduire la victime à une baisse de ses progrès scolaires, à l'incapacité de gérer la charge de travail dans son cursus, à l'érosion de ses aptitudes à participer à la communauté étudiante ; les victimes risquent même de rater des cours, de décrocher ou de déménager.

Les étudiants américains peuvent se prévaloir du Titre IX des Education Amendments of 1972 pour assigner en justice les universités qui se montrent . Le Titre IX peut servir d'appui pour le financement d'initiatives de prévention contre les agressions sexuelles dans les campus. En raison de diverses enquêtes fédérales, de nombreuses universités ont recouru à des sondages ou des applications, souvent très onéreux, dépensant .

Initiative de la Maison-Blanche : It's on Us

Comme les violences sexuelles à l'université inspirent un intérêt croissant, la Maison-Blanche présente le  le lancement de la campagne It's on Us, pour aborder le problème de ces agressions.

C'est dans ce cadre qu'est développé ACR3 : un instrument pour mieux mesurer les comportements sexuels abusifs à l'université. Ce modèle vise aussi à éliminer toute motivation commerciale dans les sondages sur les campus, car beaucoup de prestations de cet ordre proposées aux établissements étaient très onéreuses. La chercheuse  a été la cheville ouvrière de cette initiative.

Un groupe de chercheurs sur les agressions sexuelles et de professionnels des affaires étudiantes ont développé cet instrument dans le cadre de la White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault. Les établissements d'enseignement supérieur peuvent l'utiliser gratuitement. Le modèle peut s'appliquer aux étudiants en maîtrise comme à ceux en licence.

Notes et références

Violences sexuelles
Enquête statistique

ARC3 Survey


Olga Kucherenko (Volgogrado, 5 de noviembre de 1985) es una atleta rusa especialista en salto de longitud, más conocida por ganar la medalla de bronce en el Campeonato Europeo de Atletismo en Pista Cubierta de 2009 de Turín, la medalla de bronce en el Campeonato Europeo de atletismo de 2010 en Barcelona y la medalla de plata en el Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2011 realizado en Daegu.

Trayectoria
En el año 2008 Olga Kucherenko participó en el mundial indoor de Valencia quedando en la 10.ª posición de la calificación general. En el año 2009, se convirtió en campeona nacional indoor y por lo tanto obtuvo el derecho a ir al campeonato europeo de pista cubierta de Turín en el que quedó en 3ª posición con un salto de 6.82; este mismo año al aire libre logró la 3ª posición en la campeonato nacional en Cheboksary y la 5ª posición en el mundial de Berlín con un salto de 6.77.

En 2010 logró su mejor marca personal en Sochi con 7.13 metros (+2,0). Si bien es cierto llegó al campeonato europeo de Barcelona con la mejor marca mundial del año, logra la 3ª posición con un salto de 6.84 (+2,2).
En 2011 acabó en la segunda posición del campeonato nacional en Cheboksary con 6.86 (0,0) y la misma posición en el mundial con 6.77 (0,0). En 2012 en tanto, mejoró su mejor marca personal hasta los 6.91 logrados en la Governor´s cup en Krasnodar.

Marcas personales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Russian athletics profile for Olga Kucherenko.

Atletas de Rusia
Personas de Volgogrado
Saltadores de longitud
Rusas del siglo XXI
Deportistas femeninas de Rusia
Atletas femeninas

Olga Kucherenko


Carry On at Your Convenience is a 1971 British comedy film, the 22nd release in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958–1992), and was the first box office failure of the series. This failure has been attributed to the film's attempt at exploring the political themes of the trade union movement, crucially portraying the union activists as idle, pedantic buffoons which, apparently, alienated the traditional working-class audience of the series. The film, known as Carry On Round the Bend outside the United Kingdom, did not return full production costs until 1976 after several international and television sales. The film features regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Hattie Jacques and Bernard Bresslaw. It features Kenneth Cope in the first of his two Carry On appearances. The film was followed by Carry On Matron in 1972.

Plot
In bathroom ceramics factory W.C. Boggs & Son, the traditionalist owner W.C. Boggs (Kenneth Williams) is having no end of trouble. Bolshy and lazy union representative Vic Spanner (Kenneth Cope) continually stirs up trouble in the works, to the irritation of his co-workers and management. He calls a strike for almost any minor incident – or because he wants time off to attend a local football match. Sid Plummer (Sid James) is the site foreman bridging the gap between workers and management, shrewdly keeping the place going amid the unrest.

Prissy floral-shirt-wearing product designer Charles Coote (Charles Hawtrey) has included a bidet in his latest range of designs, but W.C. objects to the manufacture of such "dubious" items. W.C. will not change his stance even after his son, Lewis Boggs (Richard O'Callaghan), secures a large overseas order for the bidets. It is a deal that could save the struggling firm, which W.C. has to admit is in debt to the banks.

Vic's dim stooge Bernie Hulke (Bernard Bresslaw) provides bumbling assistance in both his union machinations and his attempts to woo Sid's daughter, factory canteen worker Myrtle (Jacki Piper). She is torn between Vic and Lewis Boggs, who is something of a playboy but insists he loves her.

Sid's wife is Beattie (Hattie Jacques), a lazy housewife who does little but fuss over her pet budgie, Joey, which refuses to talk despite her intense efforts. Their neighbour is Sid's brassy and lascivious co-worker Chloe Moore (Joan Sims). Chloe contends with the endless strikes and with her crude husband, travelling salesman Fred (Bill Maynard), who neglects her and leaves her dissatisfied. Chloe and Sid enjoy a flirtatious relationship and are sorely tempted to stray. Unusually for Sid James, his character is a faithful husband, albeit a cheeky and borderline-lecherous one.

Sid and Beattie find that Joey can correctly predict winners of horseraces – he tweets when the horse's name is read out. Sid bets on Joey's tips and achieves several large wins – including a vital £1,000 loaned to W.C. when the banks refuse a bridging loan – before Benny (Davy Kaye), Sid's bookie, fed up with having made these payouts, refuses to accept further bets from him.

The strikers finally return to work, but it is only to attend the annual works outing, a coach trip to Brighton. A good time is had by all with barriers coming down between workers and management, thanks largely to that great social lubricant, alcohol. W.C. becomes intoxicated and spends the day – and, it appears, the night – with his faithful, adoring secretary, Miss Hortense Withering (Patsy Rowlands). Lewis Boggs manages to win Myrtle from Vic Spanner, giving his rival a beating, and the couple elope. After arriving home late after the outing and with Fred away, Chloe invites Sid in for a cup of tea. They fight their desires and ultimately decide not to have the tea, fearing that neighbours might see Sid enter Chloe's home and get the wrong idea.

At the picket lines the next day, Vic gets his comeuppance – partly at the hands of his mother (Renée Houston), who spanks him in public – and the workers and management all pull together to produce the big order to save the firm.

Cast
Sid James as Sid Plummer
Kenneth Williams as WC Boggs
Charles Hawtrey as Charles Coote
Hattie Jacques as Beattie Plummer
Joan Sims as Chloe Moore
Bernard Bresslaw as Bernie Hulke
Kenneth Cope as Vic Spanner
Jacki Piper as Myrtle Plummer
Richard O'Callaghan as Lewis Boggs
Patsy Rowlands as Hortense Withering
Davy Kaye as Benny
Bill Maynard as Fred Moore
Renée Houston as Agatha Spanner
Marianne Stone as Maud
Margaret Nolan as Popsy
Geoffrey Hughes as Willie
Hugh Futcher as Ernie
Simon Cain as Barman
Amelia Bayntun as Mrs Spragg
Leon Greene as Chef
Harry Towb as Film doctor
Shirley Stelfox as Bunny waitress
Peter Burton as Hotel manager
Julian Holloway as Roger
Anouska Hempel as New canteen girl

Crew
Screenplay – Talbot Rothwell
Music – Eric Rogers
Production Manager – Jack Swinburne
Art Director – Lionel Couch
Editor – Alfred Roome
Director of Photography – Ernest Steward
Camera Operator – James Bawden
Make-up – Geoffrey Rodway
Continuity – Rita Davidson
Assistant Director – David Bracknell
Sound Recordists – Danny Daniel & Ken Barker
Hairdresser – Stella Rivers
Costume Designer – Courtenay Elliott
Set Dresser – Peter Howitt
Assistant Art Director – William Alexander
Dubbing Editor – Brian Holland
Titles – GSE Ltd
Processor – Rank Film Laboratories
Toilets – Royal Doulton Sanitary Potteries
Assistant Editor – Jack Gardner
Producer – Peter Rogers
Director – Gerald Thomas

Filming and locations
Filming dates – 22 March – 7 May 1971

Interiors:
 Pinewood Studios, Buckinghamshire

Exteriors:
 Brighton Palace Pier. The West Pier in Brighton was used two years later for Carry On Girls.
 Brighton – Clarges Hotel. The same location was also used in Carry On Girls.
 Pinewood Studios. The studio's wood storage area was used as the exterior of W.C. Boggs' factory.
 Pinewood Green, Pinewood Estate. The Plummers' house and the Moores' house.
 The Red Lion, Shreding Green, Buckinghamshire
 Kings Head, Albourne, West Sussex
 Cricketers Inn
 Royal Naval Arms
 The Seagull
 The Trout Inn
 The Man In Space
 Odeon Cinema, Uxbridge, Middlesex (demolished in September 1984)
 Heatherden Hall, Pinewood Studios
 Black Park Country Park, Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire

Production notes
After Sid James's character was criticised for leering at some girls in Carry On Henry (1971), here his character was changed to the put-upon family man similar to the character he portrayed in the TV sitcom Bless This House. In the next film Carry On Matron (1972), his character was preoccupied with thieving, but made odd suggestive comments to nurses (including one played by Jacki Piper, who played his daughter in this film). James's girl-chasing persona was fully reinstated for subsequent films.

See also
Prague Philharmonic, Gavin Sutherland conducting. The carry on album: music from the films : London, England : ASV, p1999. LCCN 00300982

References

Bibliography

External links

Carry On At Your Convenience at The Whippit Inn
Carry On at Your Convenience at BFI Screenonline

1971 films
At Your Convenience
Films set in Brighton
Films set in factories
Films directed by Gerald Thomas
1971 comedy films
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Films produced by Peter Rogers
Films with screenplays by Talbot Rothwell
1970s English-language films
1970s British films
Films scored by Eric Rogers (composer)

Carry On at Your Convenience


Backstreet Boys (skraćeno BSB ) američka su vokalna skupina osnovana u Orlandu na Floridi 1993. godine. Skupinu čine Nick Carter, Howie Dorough, AJ McLean, Brian Littrell i Kevin Richardson .

Grupa se međunarodno proslavila debitantskim albumom Backstreet Boys 1996. godine. Sljedeće godine izdali su svoj drugi album Backstreet's Back. Do superzvijezdi su se popeli svojim trećim studijskim albumom Millennium (1999.) i pratećim albumom Black & Blue (2000.).

Nakon dvogodišnje stanke, okupili su se i izdali povratnički album Never Gone (2005.). Nakon zaključenja turneje Never Gone 2006. godine, Kevin Richardson je napustio grupu. Grupa je nakon toga izdala dva albuma kao kvartet: Unbreakable (2007) i This Is Us (2009).

2012. grupa je objavila da im se Richardson trajno pridružio. 2013. godine proslavili su 20. godišnjicu i izdali svoj prvi nezavisni album In a World Like This. Njihov album DNA iz 2019. godine dosegao je prvo mjesto Bilboard ljestvice. Time su postali prvi boy bend koji je u tri uzastopna desetljeća bio na vrhu Bilboardove američke ljestvice albuma.

Izvori

Američki glazbeni sastavi

Backstreet Boys


Azambuja  belediyesi, Portekiz'in Alentejo bölgesine bağlı Lezíria do Tejo altbölgesinin belediyelerinden biridir.

Bucaklar
Belediyede 9 bucak (Por.: freguesia) yer almaktadır.

 Alcoentre
 Aveiras de Baixo
 Aveiras de Cima
 Azambuja
 Maçussa
 Manique do Intendente
 Vale do Paraíso
 Vila Nova da Rainha
 Vila Nova de São Pedro

Lezíria do Tejo'nun belediyeleri

Azambuja


The Outsiders is a coming-of-age novel by S.E. Hinton published in 1967 by Viking Press. Hinton started writing the novel when she was 15 and wrote the bulk of it when she was 16 and a junior in high school. Hinton was 18 when the book was published. The book details the conflict between two rival gangs divided by their socioeconomic status: the working-class "Greasers" and the upper-class "Socs" (pronounced —short for Socials). The story is told in first-person perspective by teenage protagonist Ponyboy Curtis. The story in the book takes place in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1965, but this is never explicitly stated in the book.

A film adaptation was produced in 1983 by Francis Ford Coppola, and a short-lived television series appeared in 1990, picking up where the movie left off. A dramatic stage adaptation was written by Christopher Sergel and published in 1990. A stage musical adaptation with a libretto by Adam Rapp and songs by Jamestown Revival is currently in the works as of 2022.

Plot

Ponyboy Curtis, a fourteen-year-old boy who is a member of a "gang of greasers", is leaving a movie theater when he is jumped by "Socs", the greasers' rival gang. Several greasers, including Ponyboy's two older brothers—the paternal Darry and the popular Sodapop—come to his rescue. The next night, Ponyboy and two greaser friends, the hardened Dally and the quiet Johnny, meet Cherry and Marcia, a pair of Soc girls, at a drive-in movie theater. Cherry scorns Dally's rude advances, but Ponyboy speaks civilly with Cherry, emotionally connecting with a Soc for the first time in his life.

Afterward, Ponyboy, Johnny, and their wisecracking friend Two-Bit begin to walk Cherry and Marcia home, when they are stopped by Cherry's boyfriend Bob, who badly beat up Johnny a few months back. Bob and the greasers exchange taunts, but Cherry prevents a fight by willingly leaving with Bob. Ponyboy gets home at two in the morning, enraging Darry until he suddenly slaps Ponyboy. Pony runs out the door and meets up with Johnny, expressing his anger at Darry's increasing coldness in the wake of his parents' recent deaths in a car crash.

Running away from home, Ponyboy and Johnny wander into a park, where Bob and four other Socs surround them. After some heated talk, Ponyboy spits at the Socs, prompting them to attempt to drown him in a nearby fountain, but Johnny stabs Bob, killing him and dispersing the rest. Terrified as to what to do next, Ponyboy and Johnny rush to find Dally, who gives them money and a loaded gun, directing them to hide in an abandoned church in Windrixville. During their stay there, Pony cuts and dyes his hair as a disguise, reads Gone with the Wind to Johnny, and, upon viewing a beautiful sunrise, recites the poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" by Robert Frost.

Days later, Dally comes to check on them, revealing that violence between the greasers and Socs has escalated since Bob's death into all-out city-wide warfare, with Cherry acting out of guilt as a spy for the greasers. Johnny decides to turn himself in and Dally agrees to take the boys back home. As they attempt to leave, they notice the church has caught fire and several local schoolchildren have become trapped inside. The greasers run inside the burning church to save the children, but Ponyboy is rendered unconscious by the fumes. At the hospital he discovers that he and Dally are not badly injured, but a piece of the church roof fell on Johnny and broke his back. Sodapop and Darry come to the hospital; Darry breaks down and cries. Ponyboy then realizes that Darry cares about him, and is only hard on him because he loves him and cares about his future.

The following morning the newspapers declare Pony and Johnny heroes, but Johnny will be charged with manslaughter for Bob's death. Two-Bit tells them that the greaser–Soc rivalry is to be settled in a final rumble. Ponyboy and Two-Bit are approached by a Soc named Randy, Bob's best friend, who expresses remorse for his involvement in the gang war, lacks confidence about the rumble ending the feud, and says he will not participate.

Later, Ponyboy visits Johnny at the hospital, where he is in critical condition. On their way home, Pony spots Cherry and they talk. Cherry says she is unwilling to visit Johnny in the hospital because he killed her boyfriend. Pony calls her a traitor, but after she explains herself they end on good terms. After escaping the hospital, Dally shows up just in time for the rumble. The greasers win the fight. Afterward, Pony and Dally hurry back to the hospital to see Johnny, but he dies moments later and a maniacal Dally runs out of the room. Pony returns home that night feeling confused and disoriented. Dally calls the house to say that he has robbed a store and is running from the police. The greasers find Dally deliberately pointing an unloaded gun at the police, causing them to shoot and kill him. Overwhelmed, Ponyboy faints and is sick in bed for many days due to the resulting concussion from the rumble. When the hearing finally comes, the judge frees Ponyboy from responsibility for Bob's death and allows Pony to remain at home with Darry and Soda.

Ponyboy returns to school, but his grades drop. Although he is failing English, his teacher, Mr. Syme, says he will pass him if he writes a decent theme. In the copy of Gone with the Wind that Johnny gave him before dying, Ponyboy finds a letter from Johnny describing how he will die proudly after saving the kids from the fire. Johnny also urges Ponyboy to "stay gold". Ponyboy decides to write his English assignment about the recent events, and begins his essay with the opening line of the novel: "When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house, I had only two things on my mind: Paul Newman and a ride home".

Major characters

Greasers
Ponyboy Curtis: The narrator and the youngest Curtis brother, Ponyboy is 14 years old, and gets good grades and runs track. He's the most sensitive of the greasers (besides Johnny), and enjoys reading books.
Sodapop "Soda" Curtis: The middle Curtis brother, 16 years old, a popular high school dropout who works at a gas station. He's often described as being attractive and comedic, the reason for his popularity.
Darrel "Darry" Curtis: The oldest Curtis brother, 20 years old, who has been caring for his brothers since their parents died in a car crash. He is the unofficial leader of the gang.
Johnny Cade: Ponyboy's best friend. 16 years old, who is extremely quiet and lives with his alcoholic, neglectful, and abusive parents
Dallas "Dally" Winston: A 17-year-old juvenile delinquent, he is the roughest and most volatile of the greasers, but cares more about Johnny than he does anyone else. He lived on the streets of New York City for three years. Carries an unloaded gun.
Keith "Two-Bit" Mathews: A wise-cracking kleptomaniac.
Steve Randle: Sodapop's best friend since grade school.
Timothy "Tim" Shepard: Leader of another greaser gang: an organized downtown one. He is also a friend of Dally's.
Curly Shepard: Tim Shepard's younger brother, mentioned as a friend of Ponyboy's.
Sandy: Sodapop's disloyal girlfriend, who eventually leaves him.

Socs
 Sherri "Cherry" Valance: Attends the same high school as Ponyboy. Bob's girlfriend.
 Robert "Bob" Sheldon: Considered the leader of the Socs. Cherry's boyfriend who is stabbed and killed by Johnny.
 Randy Adderson: Bob's best friend and Marcia's boyfriend.
 Marcia: Cherry's best friend and Randy's girlfriend.
Paul Holden: Darry's old friend from high school.
 David: A member of the Socs who tries to drown Ponyboy in the fountain.

Other characters
 Jerry Wood: The schoolteacher responsible for the children who were in the seemingly abandoned church.
 Mr. Syme: Ponyboy's English teacher who assigns him a theme to write that becomes the story of the novel itself.

Controversy
The Outsiders was a controversial book at the time of its publication; it is still currently challenged and debated. It was ranked #38 on the American Library Association's Top 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–1999. This book has been banned from some schools and libraries because of the portrayal of gang violence, underage smoking and drinking, strong language/slang, and family dysfunction. However, in many U.S. schools, the book is part of the English curriculum at the middle- or high-school level.

Critical reception
On November 5, 2019, the BBC News listed The Outsiders on its list of the 100 most influential novels.

Legacy
Ponyboy Curtis appears in Hinton's later novel That Was Then, This Is Now (1971).

The 1983 film adaptation was directed by Francis Ford Coppola, since its release it retains a fanbase. The film is notable for casting young actors before their rise to fame, which includes C. Thomas Howell, Ralph Macchio, Matt Dillon, Patrick Swayze, Rob Lowe, Emilio Estevez, Tom Cruise, and Diane Lane.

A television series based on the characters of the novel and film aired in 1990. It consists of a different cast playing the same characters. It picks up right after the events of the film's ending and lasted only one season.

In Rockstar Games' 2006 video game Bully, The Greasers and the Preppies/Preps, are based on The Outsiders.

A stage musical based on both the novel and film has been in the works as of 2022 and is expected to hold its world premiere at La Jolla Playhouse in February/March 2023. The production will be directed by Danya Taymor from a libretto by Adam Rapp, with songs by Jamestown Revival and music supervision, arrangements, and orchestrations by Justin Levine.

Museum and film locations
The Outsiders House Museum opened in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on August 9, 2019. In 2009, hip-hop artist Danny Boy O'Connor discovered the house that was used  for the Curtis Brothers' home. Moving forward O'Connor kept the thought of buying it, which he eventually did in 2016. O'Connor said he bought it sight unseen and when he first went inside that it was falling apart. With the help of friends, the Oklahoma Film and Music Office, the City Council, local business and individuals who volunteered the restoration started. After raising funds the house went through extensive renovations to restore it and maintain its authenticity from the film. A GoFundMe was set up for additional funds, notable donors include Jack White who donated $30,000 and Billy Idol. Also to raise funds, screenings of the film were organized that actor C. Thomas Howell attended. Also in 2016, the street signs on the corner were changed to "The Outsiders way" and "The Curtis Brothers Lane". Since its opening, the museum now contains a collection of The Outsiders memorabilia. Aside from Howell, between its restoration and opening, other stars of the films visited this includes Rob Lowe, Ralph Macchio, and Matt Dillon. For his efforts on preserving a cultural landmark O'Connor received a key to the city of Tulsa.

In 2022, in Sperry, Oklahoma, the group Upward Sperry restored the now un-operational DX gas station seen in the film. The group's president Gary Coulson said, "It's really growing. I almost hate to say, but it's almost like a cult following. They stream through here - what that does is get people here." With O'Connor they are planning to revitalize Outsiders nostalgia in Sperry.

References

Bibliography

External links
 S.E. Hinton's Website
The Enduring Fascination of S.E. Hinton's The Outsiders, Pacific Standard, April 26, 2017.
 "'The Outsiders': 40 Years Later"  By Dale Peck The New York Times September 23, 2007

1967 American novels
1967 debut novels
American bildungsromans
American novels adapted into films
American novels adapted into plays
American young adult novels
Fiction set in 1965
Culture of Tulsa, Oklahoma
BILBY Award-winning works
Viking Press books
Novels set in Tulsa, Oklahoma
First-person narrative novels

The Outsiders (novel)


Chinatown is a common name for an urban enclave with large numbers of Chinese people and/or businesses within a non-Chinese society.

Chinatown may also refer to:

Places
 List of Chinatowns, specific Chinatowns around the world
 Chinatown, Binondo
 Chinatown, Boston
 Chinatown, Brooklyn
 Chinatown, California (disambiguation)
 Chinatown, Chicago
 Chinatown, Cleveland (disambiguation)
 Chinatown, Darwin
 Chinatown, Flushing
 Chinatown, Glasgow
 Chinatown, Honiara
 Chinatown, Honolulu
 Chinatown, Houston
 Chinatown, Johannesburg (disambiguation)
 Chinatown, Kolkata
 Chinatown, Lae
 Chinatown, Los Angeles
 Chinatown, Manhattan
 Chinatown, Milan
 Chinatown, Montreal
 Chinatown, Mumbai
 Chinatown, Newark, New Jersey
 Chinatown, Philadelphia
 Chinatown (Pittsburgh)
 Chinatown, Portland (disambiguation)
 Chinatown, Queens
 Chinatown, San Francisco (disambiguation)
 Chinatown–International District, Seattle
 Chinatown, Singapore
 Chinatown, South Dakota
 Chinatown, Washington, D.C.
 Chinatown, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community (not a Chinatown)

Arts, entertainment, and media

Films
 China Town (1962 film), an Indian Hindi film
 Chinatown (1974 film), an American film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway
 36 China Town, a 2006 Indian Hindi film
 China Town (2011 film), an Indian Malayalam film
 Chinatown, My Chinatown (film), a 1929 animated short film which was presented by Max Fleischer and directed by Dave Fleischer
 Captured in Chinatown, a 1935 American film directed by Elmer Clifton

Games
 Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars, a 2009 video game

Music

Artists
 Chinatown (band), a Francophone pop band from Montreal, Canada

Albums
 Chinatown (The Be Good Tanyas album), 2003
 Chinatown (Thin Lizzy album), released in 1980

Songs
 "Chinatown, My Chinatown", a 1910 song, performed by Louis Armstrong and others, considered a standard of Dixieland music
 "Chinatown" (The Move song), 1971
 "Chinatown" (Liam Gallagher song), 2017
 "Chinatown" (Bleachers song), 2020
 "Chinatown", a song by Mykki Blanco from the 2012 album Mykki Blanco & the Mutant Angels
 "Chinatown", a song by Destroyer from the 2011 album Kaputt
 "Chinatown", a song by The Doobie Brothers from the 1977 album Livin' on the Fault Line
 "Chinatown", a song by The Felice Brothers from the 2014 album Favorite Waitress
 "Chinatown", a song by The Greg Kihn Band from the 1978 album Next of Kihn
 "Chinatown", a song by Joe Jackson from the 1982 album Night and Day
 "Chinatown", a song by Jets to Brazil from the 1998 album Orange Rhyming Dictionary
 "Chinatown", a song by Luna from the 1995 album Penthouse
 "Chinatown", a song by The Reivers from the 1991 album Pop Beloved
 "Chinatown", a song by Thin Lizzy from the 1980 album Chinatown
 "Chinatown", a song by Toto from the 2015 album Toto XIV
 "Chinatown", a song by Judie Tzuke from the 1980 album Sports Car
 "China Town", a song by Van Halen from the 2012 album A Different Kind of Truth
 "Chinatown", a song by Wild Nothing from the 2010 album Gemini
 "Chinatown", a song by John Zorn from the 1990 album Naked City

Television
 "Chinatown" (Entourage), a 2005 episode of the TV series Entourage
 "Chinatown" (Space Ghost Coast to Coast), a television episode

Transportation
 Chinatown station (disambiguation), various stations containing the name Chinatown

Other
 Angel of Chinatown, nickname of Rose Livingston, an American suffragette
 , a residential community in Taiwan, Republic of China.

Chinatown (disambiguation)


DIN 6912 er en DIN-Standard for en cylinder skrue.

Kilde
http://bolte.dk/din-6912-indv-6-kant-lav-ch/
DIN-standarder

DIN 6912


Der Mäuseberg ist ein  hoher Berg des Stölzinger Gebirges im Osthessischen Bergland. Er liegt bei Waldkappel im hessischen Werra-Meißner-Kreis in Deutschland.

Geographie

Lage
Der Mäuseberg erhebt sich im Nordostteil Nordhessens im Fulda-Werra-Bergland, einem Teil des Osthessischen Berglands. Sein Gipfel liegt 1,4 km südsüdöstlich der Kernstadt von Waldkappel und zwischen dessen dörflichen Stadtteilen Bischhausen im Ostnordosten, Kirchhosbach im Südosten, Rechtebach im Südsüdwesten und Friemen im Südwesten.

Westnordwestlich des Bergs mündet der Rechtebach in den Schemmerbach, der im nordnordwestlich gelegenen Waldkappel in die Wehre fließt. In letzteres Fließgewässer wiederum mündet der östlich verlaufende Hosbach. Über den Gipfel verläuft der Premiumwanderweg Waldkappeler Berge P17, etwas östlich vorbei am Gipfel führt der Frau-Holle-Pfad.

Auf dem Mäuseberg liegen Teile des Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Gebiets Werra- und Wehretal (FFH-Nr. 4825-302; 244,8191 km²).

Naturräumliche Zuordnung
Der Mäuseberg gehört in der naturräumlichen Haupteinheitengruppe Osthessisches Bergland (Nr. 35), in der Haupteinheit Fulda-Werra-Bergland (357) und in der Untereinheit Sontra-Bergland (357.9) zum Naturraum Hosbach-Sontra-Bergland (357.90). Seine Landschaft fällt in der Untereinheit Sontraer Hügelland (357.3) in den Naturraum Schemmerbachgrund (357.32) im Westen und in der Untereinheit Witzenhausen-Altmorschener Talung (357.5) in den Naturraum Waldkappeler Wehretal (357.54) im Norden ab.

Pionierturm

Auf dem Gipfel des bewaldeten Mäusebergs steht der Pionierturm, ein 1965 erbauter und 19 m hoher Aussichtsturm aus Stahlfachwerk mit 90 Stufen.

Der Turm bietet von seiner auf rund 18 m Höhe liegenden Plattform vor allem Aussicht nach Westen und Norden, wohingegen Bäume den Blick nach Osten und besonders Süden einschränken. Zu sehen sind unter anderem der Schemmerngrund des Stölzinger Gebirges, der Eisberg () als höchster Berg dieses Gebirges, der Hirschberg () im Kaufunger Wald und das Bergmassiv Hoher Meißner ().

Einzelnachweise

Berg im Werra-Meißner-Kreis
Geographie (Waldkappel)

Mäuseberg (Stölzinger Gebirge)


Agrilus parizotae é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Baudon, 1968.

Referências

parizotae

Agrilus parizotae


Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, Ltd (VSEL) was a shipbuilding company based at Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria in northwest England that built warships, civilian ships, submarines and armaments. The company was historically the Naval Construction Works of Vickers Armstrongs and has a heritage of building large naval warships and armaments. Through a complicated history the company's shipbuilding division is now BAE Systems Submarine Solutions and the armaments division is now part of BAE Systems Land & Armaments.

History

The company was founded in 1871 by James Ramsden as the Iron Shipbuilding Company, but its name was soon changed to Barrow Shipbuilding Company.

In 1897, Vickers & Sons bought the Barrow Shipbuilding Company and its subsidiary the Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company, becoming Vickers, Sons and Maxim, Limited. The shipyard at Barrow became the Naval Construction & Armaments Company. In 1911 the company was renamed Vickers Ltd, and in 1927 became Vickers Armstrongs Ltd after a merger with Armstrong Whitworth, whose shipyard at High Walker on the River Tyne became the "Naval Yard".

In 1955 the name of the shipbuilding division changed to Vickers Armstrongs Shipbuilders, Ltd and changed again in 1968 to Vickers Limited Shipbuilding Group.

The shipbuilding group was nationalised under the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act in 1977 and subsumed into British Shipbuilders.

The ex-Vickers yard at Barrow was the first shipyard of the British Shipbuilders group to return to the private sector. It was sold in March 1986 to an employee-led company, VSEL Consortium, which also included its Birkenhead-based subsidiary, Cammell Laird. The company was floated on the London Stock Exchange in December 1986.

In 1988, a mistake by senior management and changing shipbuilding methods meant that the Vickers shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness accidentally welded part of  (a nuclear submarine) in an upside-down position.

In 1994 VSEL was subject to two takeover proposals, one from GEC and another from British Aerospace (BAe). VSEL was willing to participate in a merger with a larger company to reduce its exposure to cycles in warship production, particularly following the "Options for Change" defence review after the end of the Cold War. Both bids were referred to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC) which issued its conclusions and advice to government in May 1995. BAe's bid was approved, while the MMC concluded (with two of 6 members dissenting) that GEC's bid was likely to "operate against the public interest". However it was GEC's bid that was approved and accepted by VSEL, since Secretary of State Michael Heseltine did not accept the MMC's recommendation and allowed the bid to proceed.

Following GEC's purchase VSEL became Marconi Marine (VSEL), part of the company's GEC-Marconi division. With the merger of British Aerospace and GEC's defence business – Marconi Electronic Systems – VSEL passed to the resulting company, BAE Systems as part of BAE Systems Marine. In 2003 it became an independent division known as BAE Systems Submarines after BAE systems split its ship and submarine building operations. This was renamed BAE Systems Submarine Solutions in January 2007.

Ships built by VSEL

See also
Port of Barrow
Vickerstown

References

Companies established in 1871
Defence companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United Kingdom
General Electric Company
History of Barrow-in-Furness
Science and technology in Cumbria
British Shipbuilders

Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering


Özgür irade veya erkin irade, kişinin eylemlerini, arzu, niyet ve amaçlarına göre kontrol altında tutabilme ve belirleme gücüdür. Kişinin belli eylem ya da eylemleri gerçekleştirmede sergilediği kararlılık; belli bir durum karşısında, gerçekleştirilecek olan eylemi, herhangi bir dış zorlama ya da zorunluluk olmaksızın, kararlaştırma ve uygulama gücü; eyleme neden olan eylemi başlatabilen yetidir. İnsanın liberteryen mânâda bir erkin iradeye sahip olup olmadığı hâlen bir tartışma konusudur.

irade
Felsefi kavramlar
İlahiyat
Felsefe problemleri

Özgür irade


Sveučilište Georgetown je privatno istraživačko sveučilište u američkom glavnom gradu Washingtonu.

Povijest
Osnovano je 1789. godine i najstarija je katolička i isusovačka ustanova visokog obrazovanja u SAD. Osnovao ga je John Carroll, prvi katolički biskup u SAD. Time je napokon materijalizirao trud koji se ulagao od naseljavanje u provinciju Maryland 1634. radi uspostave mjesnog rimokatoličkog koledža, a suočeni s vjerskim progonom. Do 1814. ustanova se zvala Koledž Georgetown (Georgetown College). Od 1805. isusovci sudjeluju u upravi koledža i ta se obljetnica obilježava, ali bez obzira na to isusovci i crkvene vlasti uvijek su neovisno upravljale sveučilištem. Sveučilište je prošireno poslije američkog građanskog rata pod vodstvom isusovca Patricka Francisa Healyja, koji je tako poznat kao "drugi utemeljitelj". To mu je pošlo za rukom, unatoč tome što je bio rođen kao rob: premda je bio od oca američkog Irca, mati je bila američka crnkinja. Po zakonu o ropstvu po načelu partus sequitur ventrum djeca su stjecala majčin status te je kao mulat bio rob. Time je 1874. postao prvi predsjednik Sveučilišta Georgetown odnosno bilo kojeg prevladavajuće bjelačkog koledža.

Položaj
Smješten je u povijesnu četvrt Georgetown. Glavni kampus sveučilišta poznat je po glavnoj zgradi Healy Hallu, nacionalnom povijesnom spomeniku SAD, koji se zove po drugom osnivatelju Patricku Francisu Healyju. Škola prava sveučilišta Georgetown (Georgetown University Law Center, "Georgetown Law") nalazi se na Capitol Hill. Pomoćni kampusi ovog sveučilišta su u Italiji, Turskoj i Kataru. Moto sveučilišta je Utraque Unum .

Vanjske poveznice

 Službena stranica
 Georgetown Athletics

Georgetown
Isusovačko školstvo
Washington, D.C.

Sveučilište Georgetown


An Triglochin palustre in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné. An Triglochin palustre in nahilalakip ha genus nga Triglochin, ngan familia nga Potamogetonaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Triglochin

sv:Kärrsälting

Triglochin palustre


Island deltog ved vinter-PL 2018 i Pyeongchang, Sydkorea i perioden 9.-18. marts 2018.

Medaljer

Referencer

2018
Lande ved vinter-PL 2018

Island ved vinter-PL 2018


Pierre Firmin Pucheu (Beaumont-sur-Oise, 27 de junio de 1899 – Argel, 20 de marzo de 1944) fue un industrial y político francés. Fue ministro del Interior del régimen de Vichy de julio de 1941 a abril de 1942.

Primeros años
Hijo de un sastre del suroeste de Francia, Pucheu obtuvo una beca de la École Normale Supérieure en Paris, donde coincidió con Robert Brasillach y con Jean-Paul Sartre. En un inicio, pretendió seguir convertirse en escritor, pero quedó prendado del capitalismo en París y se decidió a entrar en el mundo de los negocios. Terminó inmerso en la industria del acero y llegó a encabezar uno de los mayores monopolios, el Cartel d'Acier.

Al principio, mostró poco interés en la política, su interés fue despertado por la crisis del 6 de febrero de 1934 y se asoció a la Croix-de-Feu y, luego, al Partido Popular Francés de Jacques Doriot, antes de separarse del último grupo en 1938 debido a los vínculos financieros de Doriot con la Alemania nazi y la Italia fascista.

Vichy
Tras la ocupación, su figura política surgió, pues fue presionado por los aliados industriales a cargo de Le Temps, que aseguraron que le concedieran el cargo de ministro de Producción Industrial en 1941, antes de ser promovido a ministro del Interior más tarde ese mismo año. En este cargo, se hizo conocido por su mano dura. Así, varios militantes comunistas arrestados fueron guillotinados como rehenes en represalia por la ejecución de un militar alemán en el metro de París, el 21 de agosto de 1941.

También formó la Police aux Questions Juives en 1941 y se hizo cargo personalmente de la organización. También fue responsable por el establecimiento de la fuerza policial anticomunista, el Servicio Antimasónico para las Sociedades Secretas y los Amicales de France, que sirvieron como el brazo de propaganda de Vichy.

Según Joseph Barthélemy, Pucheu, que tenía un odio violento a los comunistas y a los judíos, era un nazi convencido. No obstante, Pucheu quería modelar la economía de Francia a la de la Alemania nazi, antes que estar totalmente convencido de los méritos de la ocupación y, por ello, los alemanes pidieron su reemplazo en abril de 1942. Como parte de un movimiento intelectual conocido como los jeunes cyclists, Pucheu rápidamente aceptó que Alemania era el líder de Europa, pero esperaba que la renovación económica aseguraría que Francia se convirtiera en una de las potencias secundarias líderes en este nuevo orden. En el gobierno, Pucheu ha sido caracterizado como un tecnócrata que ayudó a asegurar que el régimen de Vichy fuera capaz de tomar las funciones administrativas de un gobierno.

Últimos años
Despojado de su cargo, Pucheu abandonó Francia en 1943 y se asentó en Argelia francesa, que permaneció bajo control de Vichy; sin embargo, después que las fuerzas de Francia Libre capturaron la región, Pucheu empezó a moverse alrededor de África del Norte hasta que fue arrestado en Casablanca y llevado a juicio. El año siguiente, Charles de Gaulle se aseguró que Pucheau enfrentara la pena de muerte para desmotivar el colaboracionismo en Francia. Fue el primero de las personalidades colaboracionistas en ser fusilado directamente bajo la jurisdicción de De Gaulle.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Curtis, M. (2004). Verdict on Vichy. Londres: Phoenix Press,
 Littlejohn, David (1972). The Patriotic Traitors: A History of Collaboration in German-Occupied Europe, 1940-45. Londres: William Heinemann Ltd., ISBN 043442725X
 Webster, Paul (2001) Petain's Crime: The Complete Story of French Collaboration in the Holocaust. Ivan R. Dee, ISBN 1566632498

Alumnado de la École Normale Supérieure
Empresarios de Francia
Ministros del Interior de Francia
Fascistas de Francia
Colaboradores franceses con la Alemania nazi
Colaboradores nazis ejecutados
Ejecutados de Francia
Políticos ejecutados
Ejecutados por fusilamiento
Nacidos en Beaumont-sur-Oise

Pierre Pucheu


Die Route nationale 671, kurz N 671 oder RN 671, war eine französische Nationalstraße, die zwischen einer Kreuzung mit der ehemaligen Nationalstraße 136 östlich von Bordeaux und Sauveterre-de-Guyenne verlief. Ihre Länge betrug 34 Kilometer.

Weblinks
 Route nationale française 671 auf WikiSara (französisch)

671

Route nationale 671


Menora şu anlamlara gelebilir:
Şamdan:
Menora (Tapınak)
Menora (Hanuka)
Nesset Menora
Kafar HaOranim

Menora


En teoría de conjuntos, una rama de las matemáticas, el principio de reflexión dice que es posible encontrar conjuntos que representen la clase de todos los conjuntos. Existen varias formas diferentes del principio de reflexión según se determine con exactitud el significado de «representar». La forma débil del principio de reflexión lo constituyen los axiomas de Zermelo-Fraenkel, mientras que formas más fuertes pueden resultar en axiomas nuevos y muy poderosos para la teoría de conjuntos.

El concepto de «principio de reflexión» proviene del hecho de que las propiedades del universo de todos los conjuntos se «reflejan» en un subgrupo más pequeño.

Motivación para el principio de reflexión
Una versión ingenua del principio dice que «para cualquier propiedad del universo de conjuntos podemos encontrar un subconjunto con la misma propiedad», lo que lleva inmediatamente a una contradicción:

el universo de conjuntos contiene a todos los conjuntos, pero no existe un subconjunto con la propiedad de contener a todos los conjuntos. Para obtener una versión útil y sin contradicciones del principio de reflexión debemos ser más cuidadosos acerca del significado de propiedad, y cuáles propiedades permitimos.

Para encontrar un enunciado sin contradicciones podemos argumentar informalmente como sigue: supongamos que tenemos una colección «A» de métodos para formar conjuntos (por ejemplo, considerando superconjuntos, subconjuntos, el axioma de reemplazo, etc...). Podemos imaginar que tenemos todos los conjuntos obtenidos mediante la aplicación repetida de estos métodos, que englobamos en una clase «V», la que puede considerarse como modelo de alguna teoría de conjuntos. Ahora podemos introducir los siguientes principios para formar subconjuntos: «la colección de todos los subconjuntos obtenidos de otro mediante aplicación repetida de todos los métodos que existen en la colección «A», es también un subconjunto». Si permitimos este nuevo principio para formar conjuntos, podemos superar «V», y considerar la clase «W» de todos los conjuntos derivados de operaciones «A». En otras palabras, el universo «W» contiene un conjunto «V» que refleja a «W» en cuanto ha sido generado mediante todos los métodos «A».

Podemos usar este argumento informal en dos formas: podemos tratar de formalizarlo en las teoría de Zermelo-Fraenkel, y haciéndolo, obtendremos algunos teoremas llamados teoremas de reflexión.

Alternativamente podemos usarlo para motivar la introducción de nuevos axiomas en la teoría de conjuntos.

El principio de reflexión como teorema de ZFC
Tratando de formalizar la argumentación de la sección anterior para el principio de reflexión dentro de los axiomas de Zermelo-Fraenkel, se vuelve necesario agregar algunas condiciones a la colección de propiedades «A» (por ejemplo, «A» debe ser finita). De esta manera se generan varios teoremas de reflexión de ZFC fuertemente relacionados, todos los cuales establecen que podemos encontrar un conjunto que será al menos modelo de ZFC.

Una forma del principio de reflexión dentro de ZFC establece que «para cualquier conjunto finito de axiomas de ZFC podemos encontrar un modelo que implícitamente satisfaga tales axiomas». (en particular esto prueba que ZFC no es axiomatizable en forma finita, porque si se probara la existencia de un modelo de sí mismo y, por tanto, que demostrara su propia consistencia, tal posibilidad contravendría el segundo teorema incompleto de Gödel), esta versión de teorema de reflexión está muy relacionada con el teorema de Löwenheim-Skolem.

Otra versión del principio de reflexión dice que para cualquier número finito de fórmulas de ZFC podemos encontrar un conjunto Vα en el universo de von Neumann tal que todas las fórmulas en el conjunto constituyen un absoluto lógico para Vα (lo que significa muy burdamente que verifican en Vα si y solo si lo hacen en el universo de todos los conjuntos). Así se establece que el conjunto Vα refleja el universo de todos los conjuntos, al menos en lo que concierne al número finito de fórmulas dadas.

Para cualquier número natural n, puede probarse desde ZFC un principio de reflexión que dice que dado un ordinal α, existe un ordinal β>α tal que Vβ satisface todas las instancias de primer orden de la teoría de conjuntos que son verdaderas para V, y contienen menos que n cuantificadores.

Principios de reflexión como nuevos axiomas
Bernays usó un principio de reflexión como axioma para una versión de la teoría de conjuntos (no la Gödel-Bernays, que es una teoría más débil). Grosso modo decía que si «A» es una clase con alguna propiedad, entonces puede hallarse un conjunto transitivo u tal que A∩u tenga la misma propiedad cuando se lo considere un subconjunto del universo u. Este es un axioma bastante poderoso, que implica la existencia de varios de los grandes cardinales más pequeños, tales como los cardinales inaccesibles. (En términos generales, la clase de todos los ordinales en ZFC es un cardinal inaccesible, además del hecho de que no es un conjunto, y el principio de reflexión puede entonces utilizarse para mostrar que hay un subconjunto con la misma propiedad. En otras palabras, un cardinal inaccesible.) La consistencia del principio de reflexión de Bernay queda implícita por la existencia de un cardinal mensurable.

Existen muchos principios de reflexión más, que están fuertemente relacionados con los varios axiomas para grandes cardinales. Para al menos cada axioma de gran cardinal conocido hay un principio de reflexión que lo implica, e inversamente, hasta los más poderosos principios conocidos de reflexión están implícitos por axiomas de gran cardinal.

Si V es un modelo de ZFC y su clase de ordinales es regular, por ejemplo no hay subclase cofinita de bajo orden, entonces hay una clase cerrada e ilimitada de ordinales C tal que para todo αεC la función identificadora de Vα a V es una inclusión elemental.

Referencias

Teoría de conjuntos

Principio de reflexión


Barry Jenkins (19. studenog 1979.) je američki filmski redatelj i scenarist najpoznatiji po filmovima Medicine for Melancholy (iz 2008. godine) i Moonlight (iz 2016. godine). Potonji film pobrao je hvalospjeve filmske kritike i osvojio na desetke priznanja uključujući i prestižnu nagradu Oscar u kategorijama najboljeg filma i adaptiranog scenarija (kategorija u kojoj je sam Jenkins kući odnio svoju prvu zlatnu statuicu koju je podijelio s ko-scenaristom Tarellom Alvinom McCraneyjem).

Rani život
Jenkins je rođen u Liberty Cityju (Miami, država Florida) kao najmlađe od četvero djece. Njegov je otac umro kad je imao 12 godina, a još se ranije odvojio od majke koja nije vjerovala da je Jenkins njegov biološki sin. Tijekom djetinjstva Jenkinsa je odgojila druga žena u prenapučenom stanu. Pohađao je srednju školu Northwestern u Miamiju gdje je igrao u lokalnoj ekipi američkog nogometa. Kasnije je studirao i diplomirao na floridskom državnom sveučilištu u Tallahasseeju.

Karijera
Jenkinsov prvi dugometražni film bio je Medicine for Melancholy, niskobudžetni nezavisni uradak koji se u kino distribuciji nalazio 2008. godine, a u kojem su glavne uloge ostvarili Wyatt Cenac i Tracey Heggins. Kritika je uradak dobro prihvatila. Nakon uspjeha s prvijencem, Jenkins je za kompaniju Focus Features napisao ep o "Stevieju Wonderu i putovanju kroz vrijeme" te adaptaciju romana Jamesa Baldwina naziva If Beale Street Could Talk, ali niti jedan projekt nije završio u fazi produkcije. Kasnije je radio kao stolar te bio jedan od osnivača marketinške agencije naziva "Strike Anywhere". Godine 2011. napisao je i režirao kratki znanstveno-fantastični film Remigratioin. Jenkins je bio jedan od scenarista HBO-ove serije The Leftovers, ali o radu na toj seriji kratko je komentirao: "Nisam se baš ubijao od posla".

Jenkins je 2016. godine režirao i skupa s Tarellom Alvinom McCraneyjem napisao dramu Moonlight, svoj prvi dugometražni film nakon osam godina. Snimljen je u Miamiju, a svjetsku je premijeru imao na filmskom festivalu u Tellurideu u rujnu iste godine te pobrao hvalospjeve filmske kritike. A. O. Scott je za New York Times napisao: "Moonlight počiva na dostojanstvu, ljepoti i nevjerojatnoj ranjivosti Afroamerikanaca te na egzistencijalnoj i fizičkoj važnosti crnih života". Časopis Variety je istaknuo: "Jenkinskov važan portret mladosti južne Floride prikazuje jednog lika u tri različita razdoblja njegovog života te nudi bogati uvid u moderan život Afroamerikanaca". David Sims je za The Atlantic napisao: "Poput svih velikih filmova, Moonlight je istovremeno specifičan i očarujuć. To je priča o identitetu - inteligentna i vrlo zahtjevna". Film je osvojio brojna priznanja uključujući Zlatni globus za najbolji film (drama) i Oscara za najbolji film. Jenkins i McCraney su također osvojili Oscara u kategoriji najboljeg adaptiranog scenarija, a sam film imao je sveukupno osam nominacija za tu prestižnu nagradu, uključujući i onu u kategoriji najboljeg redatelja.

Godine 2017. Jenkins je režirao petu epizodu Netflixove serije Dear White People. Njegovi nadolazeći projekti uključuju seriju The Underdog Railroad snimljenu prema istoimenom romanu Colsona Whiteheada, scenarij temeljen na životu Claresse Shields i filmsku adaptaciju romana Jamesa Baldwina naziva If Beale Street Could Talk. Upravo je za potonji za koji je scenarij Jenkins napisao u Berlinu 2013. (iste godine kad je napisao i scenarij za film Moonlight) produkcija krenula u listopadu 2017. godine, a radit će ga kompanije Annapurna Pictures, Pastel i Plan B.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Američki filmski redatelji
Američki filmski scenaristi
Dobitnici Oscara za najbolji adaptirani scenarij

Barry Jenkins


Fra hjertet til hånden er en dansk portrætfilm fra 1994, der er instrueret af Tómas Gislason efter manuskript af Tómas Gislason.

Handling
"Jeg har mine børn i Danmark, og jeg bor på Haïti". Med disse enkle ord indleder digteren, journalisten, cykelsportens kyndige poet og frem for alt filminstruktøren, Jørgen Leth sin film - eller rettere sagt filmen om sig selv. For en gangs skyld er Jørgen Leth ikke bag kameraet, men foran som hovedperson. Den poetiske, reflekterende iagttager bliver selv iagttaget, mens han fortæller om sit liv, sin kunst, sin drivkraft og sine dæmoner. Jørgen Leth følges under sit frivillige eksil i Port-au-Prince, som kommentator til Tour de France og som verdensborger med kun sin kuffert som hjem. Der vises klip fra flere af hans film, og portrættet af ham tegner billedet af en meget enkel og dybt kompliceret kunstner og et søgende både roligt og rastløst menneske.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Portrætfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1994
Novellefilm

Fra hjertet til hånden


Fezzan ( ,  ; ; ; ) is the southwestern region of modern Libya. It is largely desert, but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara Desert. The term originally applied to the land beyond the coastal strip of Africa proconsularis, including the Nafusa and extending west of modern Libya over Ouargla and Illizi. As these Berber areas came to be associated with the regions of Tripoli, Cirta or Algiers, the name was increasingly applied to the arid areas south of Tripolitania.

After the 1934 formation of Libya, the Fezzan province was designated as one of the three primary provinces of the country, alongside Tripolitania province to the north and Cyrenaica province to the northeast.

Etymology
In Berber languages, Fezzan (or ifezzan) means "rough rocks". Fezzan could also be a derivation from the region's Greek name Phasania or Phazania, which may mean "the country of the pheasants".

Geography

Fezzan is crossed in the north by the ash-Shati Valley (Wadi Al Shatii) and  in the west by the Wadi Irawan. These two areas, along with portions of the Tibesti Mountains crossing the Chadian border and a sprinkling of remote oases and border posts, are the only parts of the Fezzan able to support settled populations. The large dune seas known as ergs of the Idehan Ubari and the Idehan Murzuq cover much of the remaining land of Fezzan.

History

From the 5th century BCE to the 5th century CE, Fezzan was home to the Garamantes, who operated the Trans-Saharan trade routes successively between Carthage and the Roman Empire in North Africa and Sahelian states of west and central Africa.

The Roman generals Septimus Flaccus in 19 BCE and Suetonius Paulinus in 50 CE led small-scale military expeditions into the northern reaches of the Sahara, and the Roman explorer Julius Maternus traveled there in early 1st century CE. Paulinus reached Fezzan and went further south.

With the end of the Roman Empire and the following commercial crisis, Fezzan began to lose importance. The population was greatly reduced due to the desertification process of the Sahara during the early Middle Ages.

During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Fezzan became a part of the Kanem Empire in which Kanem-Bornu extended as far as Zella, Libya. Wars against the Kanem–Bornu Empire in the early sixteenth century led to the founding of the Awlad Muhammad dynasty, with Murzuk becoming the capital of Fezzan. Around 1565 it was ruled by Muhammad ibn al-Muntasir.

The Ottoman rulers of North Africa asserted their control over the region in the 17th century. In the reign of Abdulhamid II (1876–1909) Fezzan was used as a place of political exile for Young Turks because it was the most remote province from Istanbul.

Beginning in 1911, Fezzan was occupied by Italy. However, Italy's control of the region was precarious until at least 1923, with the rise of Benito Mussolini. The Italians were resisted in their early attempts at conquest by tribal Arab adherents to the militant Sanusiya Sufi religious order. The Tuareg clans of the region were only pacified by European expansion shortly before the Second World War, and some of them collaborated with the Italian Army in the North African Campaign.

Free French troops occupied Murzuk, a chief town of Fezzan, on 16 January 1943, and proceeded to administer Fezzan with a staff stationed in Sabha, forming the Military Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames.

French administration was largely exercised through Fezzan notables of the family of Sayf Al Nasr. Disquieting to the tribes in western Fezzan was the administrative attachment of Ghat, and its surrounding area, to French-ruled Algeria. However, when the French military control ceased in 1951, all of Fezzan became part of the Kingdom of Libya.

Fezzan was a stronghold for Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi through much of the 2011 Libyan Civil War, though starting in July, anti-Gaddafi forces began to gain ground, taking control of the region's largest city of Sabha in mid-to-late September.

The LF country code (.lf) was reserved "on behalf" of Libya Fezzan (for an "indeterminate period of time") by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

There are oil wells in Fezzan capable of 400,000 barrels per day, but oil companies fly in staff from northern Libya. The local tribes are not getting any money from the oil trade, and so have turned to smuggling migrants from other parts of Africa, which is feeding the European migrant crisis and is a $1 billion per year industry.

See also
List of colonial heads of Fezzan
Postage stamps and postal history of Fezzan and Ghadames
List of French possessions and colonies
Germa Museum
Fezzan-Ghadames (French Administration)
Fazzan Basin

References

External links

 Map from Google showing a large area of Fezzan and its important cities.
 Worldstatesmen.org's History and list of rulers of Fezzan.
 Hostkingdom.net's History and list of rulers of Fezzan.
 Lexiorient.com's article on Fezzan.

Italian Libya

Fezzan


Rienau ist ein Teil des Ortsteils  Auenheim-Rienau der Stadt Werra-Suhl-Tal im Wartburgkreis in Thüringen.

Lage
Rienau befindet sich südöstlich von Berka/Werra an der Landesstraße 1022. Die geographische Höhe des Ortes beträgt .

Geschichte
Am 17. Juli 1231 wurde Rienau erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Die Erwähnung wird auch im Klosterverzeichnis Frauensee bestätigt. Die Herren Fritz und Herrman von Heringen-Rienau hatten das Lehen inne. Dann übernahmen es die Henneberger. Mit dem Amt Frauensee kam es nach der Reformation an die Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel und 1816 an das Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach. Ab dem 18. Jahrhundert gehörte es den Herren von Herda.

Rienau gehörte ab 1950 zur Gemeinde Auenheim-Rienau, die 1974 nach Horschlitt, 1994 mit diesem nach Berka/Werra sowie 2019 mit diesem nach Werra-Suhl-Tal eingemeindet wurde.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Wartburgkreis
Geographie (Werra-Suhl-Tal)
Ersterwähnung 1231
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Wartburgkreis)
Gemeindeauflösung 1950

Rienau


This is a list of monitors of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom.

Key

Humber-class

The Humber-class monitors were three river monitors under construction for the Brazilian Navy in Britain in 1913, all three were taken over by the Royal Navy shortly before the outbreak of the First World War and were commissioned as small monitors, seeing extensive service during the war.

Abercrombie-class

The ''Abercrombie-class monitors  came about when Bethlehem Steel in the United States, the contracted supplier of the main armament for the Greek battleship  being built in Germany, instead offered to sell the four 14"/45 caliber gun twin gun turrets to the Royal Navy on 3 November 1914, the ships were laid down and launched within six months, seeing service throughout the war.

Lord Clive-class

The Lord Clive-class monitors, sometimes referred to as the General Wolfe-class, were built to meet the need for more shore bombardment ships, using twin  gun turrets taken from decommissioned Majestic-class pre-dreadnought battleships.  Three of the ships, HMS General Wolfe, Lord Clive and Prince Eugene, were converted to take the BL 18 inch Mk I naval gun that had originally been allocated to .

Marshal Ney-class

The Marshal Ney-class monitors were built to use the two modern 15-inch turrets made available by the redesign of  and  as battlecruisers.

Gorgon-class

The Gorgon-class monitors were originally built as coastal defence ships for the Royal Norwegian Navy, but requisitioned for British use.

M15-class

The M15-class monitors were fourteen ships ordered in March 1915, as part of the War Emergency Programme of ship construction, mounting 9.2 inch Mk VI gun turrets removed from the  and the Mk X turrets held in stock for the  and s.

M29-class

The M29-class monitors were five ships ordered in March 1915, as part of the War Emergency Programme of ship construction.

Erebus-class

The Erebus-class monitors were two ships mounting a single twin BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun turret. They saw active service in World War I off the Belgian coast, were placed in reserve between the wars then served in World War II, with Terror being lost in 1941 and Erebus surviving to be scrapped in 1946.

Roberts-class

The Roberts''-class monitors were two ships mounting a single twin BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun turret built during the Second World War, featuring shallow draught for operating inshore, broad beam to give stability and a high observation platform to observe fall of shot.

References

Monitors

Royal Navy monitors
Royal Navy monitors

List of monitors of the Royal Navy


Libor Kozák (n. 30 mai 1989) este un fotbalist profesionist ceh care joacă pe postul de atacant pentru Sparta Praga din Prima Ligă din Cehia și pentru echipa națională a Cehiei.

Clubul de carieră

SFC Opava
Kozák și-a început cariera în 2001 la clubul ceh Slezský FC Opava, jucând mai întâi pentru echipele de tineret ale Opavei înainte de a fi promovat în prima echipă în 2007. Considerat a fi un jucător promițător, Kozák a fost un marcator prolific în a Doua Divizie a Cehiei cu Opava. În octombrie 2007, a marcat primul său hat-trick, într-o victorie cu 5-1 a lui Opava cu FC Zenit Čáslav din a doua divizie.

În ianuarie 2008, Kozák a dat probe pentru clubul englez Portsmouth din Premier League, însă nu a semnat niciun contract cu acesta. La sfârșitul sezonului, Lazio i-a făcut o ofertă pe care a acceptat-o.

Lazio
Kozák a ajuns la Lazio în iulie 2008, semnat un contract pe cinci ani, cu știri conform cărora președintele clubului Lazio, Claudio Lotito, a plătit o sumă de transfer de 1,2 milioane de euro.

Kozák și-a făcut debutul în Serie A pe 2 mai 2009, în locul lui Mauro Zárate în minutul 84 împotriva lui Inter pe San Siro. Lazio a pierdut meciul cu 0-2.

După un sezon la Lazio, clubul l-a împrumutat la Brescia în sezonul 2009-2010 de Serie B, pentru a căpăta experiență și timp de joc. La 26 septembrie 2009, Kozák a marcat primul gol în Italia împotriva lui Grosseto.

La sfârșitul perioadei de împrumut, s-a întors la Lazio. A marcat primul său gol pentru Biancocelesti pe 18 septembrie 2010, care sa dovedit a fi golul câștigător împotriva Fiorentinei. La 16 ianuarie 2011, el a marcat golul decisiv împotriva lui Sampdoria. A marcat al treilea și al patrulea gol pentru Lazio două săptămâni mai târziu, din nou într-un meci împotriva Fiorentinei. După ce a marcat patru goluri în nouă etape pentru Lazio, toate în ianuarie, Michal Bílek, selecționerul Cehiei, a sugerat că Kozak va fi convocat la echipa națională și a anunțat că va fi prezent pe Stadio Olimpico pentru a urmări meciul cu AS Bari.

În sezonul 2012-2013, Kozák, sub comanda antrenorului Vladimir Petkovic, a avut parte de un sezon oscilant, nereușind să marcheze în 19 meciuri de Serie, dar a terminat ca golgheter în  Europa League cu 8 goluri. A marcat primul său hat-trick pentru club împotriva lui VfB Stuttgart la Roma, la 14 martie 2013, ajutându-și echipa să ajungă în sferturi cu scorul la general de 5-1.

Aston Villa
La 2 septembrie 2013 Kozák a semnat un contract pe patru ani cu echipa engleză Aston Villa pentru 6,5 milioane €, primind tricoul cu numărul 27. La 14 septembrie 2013, el și-a făcut debutul la Aston Villa pe Villa Park, într-o înfrângere cu 2-1 cu Newcastle United. La 21 septembrie 2013, a marcat primul său gol pentru Villa, la dor câteva secunde după ce l-a înlocuit pe Christian Benteke, împotriva lui Norwich City, gol care s-a dovedit a fi cel al victoriei cu 1-0. La 9 noiembrie 2013, a marcat cel de-al doilea gol pentru Villa, într-o victorie cu 2-0 împotriva lui Cardiff City. La 4 decembrie 2013, a marcat al doilea gol într-o victorie cu 3-2 cu Southampton. La 21 decembrie 2013, a marcat singurul gol al lui Villa într-o înfrângere cu 2-1 cu Stoke City, de pe stadionul Britannia.

La 2 ianuarie 2014, Villa a anunțat faptul că Kozak a suferit o accidentare la piciorul drept în urma unei coliziuni la antrenamente cu coechipierul Ciaran Clark, lipsind pentru tot restul sezonului 2013-2014. Complicațiile și reaccidentările l-au făcut să rateze tot sezonul 2014-2015. În cele din urmă, și-a revenit la 15 luni după accidentare în martie 2015, într-un meci al echipei sub 21 de ani împotriva lui Wolverhampton Wanderers. El a revenit în prima echipă în iulie 2015 într-o înfrângere cu 3-1 înainte de începutul sezonului cu Fulham, în care a marcat pentru prima dată din decembrie 2013. În februarie 2017, când contractul lui Kozak expira la sfârșitul sezonului, Aston Villa a anunțat că jucătorul va rata restul sezonului fiind supus unei intervenții chirurgicale la gleznă.

Aston Villa nu i-a mai prelungit contractul lui Kozák la sfârșitul sezonului 2016-2017.

Bari
La 30 august 2017, Kozak a ajuns la echipa de Serie B Bari.

Livorno
La 16 iulie 2018, Kozák a semnat cu Livorno.

Sparta
La 28 mai 2019, Kozák a semnat cu Sparta Praga.

Cariera la națională
Kozák a jucat pentru echipa sub 21 de ani a Cehiei, reprezentându-și echipa la Campionatul European de Fotbal la 21 de ani UEFA 2011.

Kozák a fost pentru prima dată convocat la echipă națională a Cehiei pe 15 martie 2011, când antrenorul Michal Bílek l-a inclus în echipă pentru meciurile cu Spania și Liechtenstein, însă nu a jucat în niciun minut.

Referințe

Fotbaliști internaționali cehi
Fotbaliști ai Premier League
Fotbaliști ai Aston Villa FC
Fotbaliști ai lui Lazio Roma
Atacanți
Fotbaliști cehi
Oameni în viață
Nașteri în 1989

Libor Kozák


55815 Melindakim este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
55815 Melindakim este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Siding Spring de Duncan I. Steel. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,38 ua, o excentricitate de 0,23 și o înclinație de 24,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 55001-56000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1994
Centura de asteroizi

55815 Melindakim


Illeismus () ist eine latinisierende Wortbildung des Englischen ohne direktes Vorbild im Lateinischen, gebildet aus dem lateinischen Pronomen ille ("jener", vulgärlat. auch "er") und dem Nominalsuffix -ism (lat. -ismus), und bezeichnet heute gewöhnlich das Sprechen von sich selbst in der dritten Person, indem das Personalpronomen der 1. Person Singular durch ein Personalpronomen der 3. Person Singular oder durch ein Nomen ausgetauscht wird. Kinder vor dem zweiten Geburtstag können sich noch nicht als eigenständige Person wahrnehmen, daher reden Eltern oft in der dritten Person mit ihnen und sagen z. B. "Komm mal zu Papa" anstelle von "Komm mal zu mir".

Der Begriff wird sowohl für die gelegentliche, als auch für die habituelle oder (wie in Caesars De bello Gallico) gattungsbedingt systematische Verwendung dieser Redeweise verwendet. Zuweilen wird er auch in einer weiteren, unbestimmt quantifizierenden Bedeutung als "exzessiver" Gebrauch des Personalpronomens der 3. Person Singular definiert, wobei dann auch der referentielle Bezug auf den Sprecher selbst nicht immer als notwendiges definitorisches Merkmal angesehen wird.

Beispiele
 Mutter: "Wer will Schokolade?" – Miriam: "Mimi Kokolade!"
 "Der Verfasser dieser Zeilen ist sich bewusst …"
 "Als sie aber beieinander waren in Galiläa, sprach Jesus zu ihnen: Der Menschensohn wird überantwortet werden in die Hände der Menschen" (Mt 17,22)
 "Cäsar führte seine Truppen auf den nächsten Hügel und stellte sie in Schlachtordnung auf" (Caesar, De bello Gallico, I, xxii, 3)

Wortgeschichte
Das Wort illeism ist zuerst Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts belegt bei Samuel Taylor Coleridge, und zwar als eine Kontrastbildung zu egotism (von lat. ego 'ich') und Analogiebildung zu tuism (von lat. tu 'du'). Es steht im Zusammenhang mit seiner Befürwortung eines nicht prahlerischen, sondern ehrlichen egotism, der sich ohne Umschweife zu seiner Meinung bekennt. Dem gegenübergestellt werden illeism und tuism als zwei Varianten einer "exzessiven", nur vorgeblich bescheidenen, in Wahrheit von Eigensucht getriebenen Vermeidung des Pronomens "ich", bei der die eigene Meinung nicht als eigene vertreten, sondern eine andere Person (im illeism als "er"-Aussage, im tuism als "du"-Aussage) als deren Vertreter mit lobender Zustimmung angeführt wird, um indirekt die eigene Vorzüglichkeit zu inszenieren. In einer etwas anderen Bedeutung erscheint illeism bei Coleridge in Zusammenhang mit einer von ihm abgelehnten Art der Kritik, bei der für eine allgemein akzeptierte Meinung nicht die Allgemeinheit selbst, sondern ein einzelner, in seinem Denken sonst gewöhnlich herausragender Vertreter dieser Meinung kritisiert wird: in diesem Fall tritt das Pronomen "er" nicht an die Stelle von "ich" für das Subjekt der Aussage, sondern an die Stelle von "man" für deren Objekt. Im einen wie im anderen Fall ist illeism im Verständnis von Coleridge nicht das Sprechen über sich selbst als wäre man ein anderer, sondern das Sprechen über eine tatsächlich andere Person als Strategie indirekten Eigenlobs oder indirekter Kritik. Letzteres bildet dann auch den nicht immer transparenten Verständnishintergrund für jüngere Worterklärungen, die illeism als exzessiven Gebrauch des Pronomens der 3. Person Singular, aber nicht notwendig mit referentiellem Bezug auf den Sprecher selbst definieren.

Illeism blieb im weiteren 19. Jahrhundert ein nur sporadisch gebrauchter Ausdruck ohne festgelegte Bedeutung, und so auch in den ersten drei Vierteln des 20. Jahrhunderts, in denen er teils bereits in der heute üblichen engeren oder weiteren Bedeutung, teils auch in einer ganz anderen Bedeutung definiert wurde, die nur noch mit dem 'exzessiven' Gebrauch des Pronomens he eine gemeinsame Schnittmenge bildet, nämlich für die redundante Verdoppelung eines nominalen Subjekts durch Hinzufügung eines Personalpronomens (Tom he went to the bank).

Größere Verbreitung fand er erst im Gefolge eines Aufsatzes zu William Shakespeare von S. Viswanathan (1967), der dort illeism auch noch weiter differenzierte, indem er pronominalen illeism als "illeism proper" und nominalen illeism als "illeism with a difference" unterschied. Während diese terminologische Binnendifferenzierung sich als sprachliche Prägung nicht durchgesetzt hat, konnte sich illeism seither in der englischsprachigen Shakespeareforschung als fachsprachlicher Terminus etablieren, und von hier aus hat er auch in anderen Bereichen der englischsprachigen Geisteswissenschaften eine gewisse Verbreitung erlangt.

In anderssprachigen Fachliteraturen wurde er bisher nicht adaptiert, durch die Popularisierung im Internet und in der englischsprachigen Wikipedia wurde er jedoch auch im deutschsprachigen Internet in der Form 'Illeismus' bekannt.

In der Literatur

Klassische Literatur, wie zum Beispiel die  von Julius Caesar oder Anabasis von Xenophon berichten von Kriegen, die der Autor führte. Sie benutzen Illeismen, um einen Anschein der Sachlichkeit und Unparteiischkeit vorzutäuschen, was Rechtfertigungen auch für fragwürdige Handlungen der Kriegsherren einschließt. Auf diese Weise werden persönliche Sichtweisen als scheinbar objektive Fakten dargestellt.

Der Illeismus kann auch eingesetzt werden, um zumindest für eine Weile zu verbergen, dass der Erzähler einer Handlung und eine der Hauptfiguren die gleiche Person sind. Zum Beispiel in einer seiner Geschichten ist Arsène Lupin der Erzähler, aber er verheimlicht seine Identität. Das Erzählen in der dritten Person suggeriert einen außenstehenden Beobachter. Ähnlich ist es, wenn ein Autor sich selbst als Figur in eine Erzählung einbringt, die in der dritten Person geschrieben ist, wie Charlie Kaufman im Film Adaptation oder Douglas Coupland in JPod. Clive Cussler hat in seinen Romanen beginnend mit  praktisch eine Regel daraus gemacht. Es gibt auch Romane, in denen Illeismen verwendet worden sein könnten, auch wenn das nicht ausdrücklich so sein mag, so wie bei dem Reisenden in Die Zeitmaschine () von H. G. Wells, von dem oft angenommen wird, er sei Wells selber, so wie in dem Film Flucht in die Zukunft ( von 1979) dargestellt.

Illeismus kann auch als künstlerisches Mittel eingesetzt werden, um das Gefühl einer außerkörperlichen Erfahrung zu vermitteln. Außerhalb des eigenen Körpers sein und die Dinge passieren sehen, stellt sich hier als psychologisches Abgeschnittensein dar, ein Ergebnis eines Traumas, wie körperlicher oder sexueller Missbrauch in der Kindheit, von psychotischen Episoden oder von Erlebnissen oder Taten, die sich nicht mit dem inneren, seelischen Selbstbild des Betroffenen in Einklang bringen lassen.

Häufig sprechen in der Science-Fiction auch Roboter, Computer und künstliche Lebensformen über sich selbst in der dritten Person. Sie sagen zum Beispiel: "Diese Einheit ist defekt" oder "Nummer Fünf lebt" (im Film Nummer 5 lebt!), um anzudeuten, dass diese Geschöpfe nicht wirklich ihrer selbst bewusst sind oder auch, dass sie ihr Bewusstsein von ihrer physischen Erscheinung getrennt sehen.

Illeismus ist auch ein Mittel, um Idiotie darzustellen, so wie bei der Figur Mongo in Blazing Saddles mit Aussagen wie "Mongo mag Süßigkeiten" und "Mongo nur Bauer im Schachspiel des Lebens."

Amtssprache

Angelika Szekely stellte 1917 einen formalen Antrag zur Eröffnung eines Promotionsverfahrens an der Universität Graz. In einem solchen Antrag entsprach es der Form, von sich in der Dritten Person zu sprechen. Dementsprechend formulierte sie Die Unterzeichnete bittet um die Zulassung zu den strengen Prüfungen. Sie ist geboren, sie immatrikulierte sich, sie legte die Prüfungen ab. Als Unterschrift ergab sich daraus die Formulierung Zeichnet sich ergebenst.

In der Politik
Der ehemalige österreichische Politiker Stefan Petzner ist bekannt dafür, häufig Illeismen zu verwenden.

Siehe auch
 Pluralis majestatis

Anmerkungen

Rhetorik

Illeismus


An Satyrium erectum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Olof Swartz. An Satyrium erectum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Satyrium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Satyrium (Orchidaceae)

Satyrium erectum


Sobrenatural, con el subtítulo All of them Witches en inglés, es una película mexicana de suspenso y terror de 1996 dirigida por Daniel Gruener. Basada en el libreto de Gabriel González Meléndez, cuenta con las actuaciones de Susana Zabaleta, Ricardo Blume, Alejandro Tommasi y Delia Casanova. En 1996, esta película fue ganadora del premio Ariel y de la Diosa de Plata. Al año siguiente ganó el Premio del Festival de Cine de Colombia a la mejor fotografía. El subtítulo en inglés coincide con el de un libro de brujería que apareció en 1968 en la película El bebé de Rosemary.

Influencias e intertextualidad
A lo largo de la película afloran varias referencias explícitas a otras obras del género de horror:

 La película El bebé de Rosemary, basada en la novela de Ira Levin, donde la protagonista es víctima de su paranoia al pensar que su bebé ha sido ofrecido al Diablo por su esposo y por sus vecinos.
 La novela corta de horror El horla, del escritor francés Guy de Maupassant, donde el protagonista se siente asediado por una presencia sobrenatural.

Sinopsis
Después de que Dolores (Zabaleta) escucha un asesinato, su marido Andrés (Tommasi) intenta disipar sus temores acerca de la actividad de pandillas en el edificio donde viven. Sin embargo, después de que Andrés se queda dormido, Dolores lo escucha murmurando el nombre de la vecina asesinada. Otra vecina, una bruja, Madame Endor (Casanova), advierte a Dolores que está en peligro, y sus preocupaciones las confirma su psiquiatra. Dolores comienza a creer que los acontecimientos inquietantes que suceden a su alrededor son obra del Diablo.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Dólares para una ganga, texto íntegro como parte de la recopilación Bajo el signo de Alpha: Antología de ciencia ficción y fantasía mexicana.

Películas ganadoras del premio Ariel a la mejor película
Películas de 1996

Sobrenatural (película)


Caferağa Camii, İstanbul Kadıköy'de Moda Caddesi'nin başındaki duvarları kâgir, çatısı ahşap, minaresi çimento sıvalı bir camidir. Darüssaade Ağa'sı Cafer Ağa tarafından yaptırılmıştır. 1900 yılında Vakıflar tarafından yenilenmiştir. Cafer Ağa'nın mezarı caminin haziresindedir.

Kadıköy'deki camiler

Caferağa Camii


John Hoyer Updike (d. 18 Mart 1932, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Pensilvanya - ö. 27 Ocak 2009, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Massachusetts) Amerikalı roman ve öykü yazarı, şair, sanat ve edebiyat eleştirmeni.

Updike, Protestan dindar, orta sınıf kasaba Amerika'sını anlattığı kitaplarıyla iki defa Pulitzer ödülünü kazandı. Eserlerinde genel olarak tekrarlanan temalar seks, inanç, ölüm ve ilişkiler olarak özetlenebilir.

Yapıtları 1950'lerden itibaren The New Yorker dergisinde yayınlandı. Toplamda 21 roman, 18 kısa hikâye kitabı, 12 şiir kitabı, 4 çocuk kitabı yazdı. Ayrıca diğer türlerde 12 eser verdi.

1 Şubat 2009 tarihinde akciğer kanserinden ölmüştür.

Dış bağlantılar

 The John Updike Society
 John Updike koleksiyonu, Houghton Kütüphanesi, Harvard Üniversitesi

1932 doğumlular
2009 yılında ölenler
20. yüzyıl Amerikalı roman yazarları
21. yüzyıl Amerikalı roman yazarları
20. yüzyıl Amerikalı şairleri
21. yüzyıl Amerikalı şairleri
Kurgu dalında Pulitzer Ödülü sahipleri
Harvard Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
American Academy of Arts and Letters üyeleri
Hollanda asıllı Amerikalılar
Amerikalı çocuk kitabı yazarları
Amerikalı Hristiyanlar
Hristiyan yazarlar
Akciğer kanserinden ölenler
O. Henry Ödülü alan yazarlar
Pulitzer Ödülünü iki defa alan yazarlar
Protestan yazarlar

John Updike


Friedrich Hermann Heinrich "Fritz" Kraatz (* 4. Februar 1906 in Davos; † 15. Januar 1992) war ein Schweizer Eishockeyspieler und -funktionär.

Karriere
Fritz Kraatz nahm für die Schweizer Nationalmannschaft an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1928 in St. Moritz teil, bei denen er mit seiner Mannschaft die Bronzemedaille gewann. Er selbst kam im Turnierverlauf in vier Spielen zum Einsatz. Zudem stand er im Aufgebot seines Landes bei den Europameisterschaften 1925 und 1926 sowie bei der Weltmeisterschaft 1930. Bei der EM 1925 und der WM 1930 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft jeweils die Bronze-, bei der EM 1926 die Goldmedaille.

Auf Klubebene spielte Kraatz von 1921 bis 1933 beim HC Davos in der Schweiz. Mit dem HCD gewann er sieben Meistertitel (1926, 1927, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932 und 1933) und errang zwei Siege am Spengler Cup (1927 und 1933).

Von 1947 bis 1948 und von 1951 bis 1954 war Kraatz Präsident der Internationalen Eishockey-Föderation IIHF.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1925 Bronzemedaille bei der Europameisterschaft
 1926 Goldmedaille bei der Europameisterschaft
 1928 Bronzemedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen
 1930 Bronzemedaille bei der Weltmeisterschaft

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Schweiz)
Olympiateilnehmer (Schweiz)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1928
Eishockeyfunktionär (Schweiz)
Europameister (Eishockey)
Schweizer Meister (Eishockey)
Schweizer
Geboren 1906
Gestorben 1992
Mann

Fritz Kraatz


El Congreso General de Huancayo de 1839 fue el cuarto Congreso Constituyente de la historia republicana peruana, que se instaló el 15 de agosto de 1839 y cuya principal labor fue discutir una nueva carta magna, que fue la Constitución de 1839, promulgada el 10 de noviembre de 1839. Ratificó también como presidente provisorio de la República al mariscal Agustín Gamarra, que estaba en el poder desde 1838. Estuvo en funciones hasta el 29 de noviembre de 1839. En julio de 1840 se volvió a reunir en Lima, por última vez, como Congreso Ordinario.

Antecedentes

Tras la batalla de Yungay y la caída de la Confederación Perú-Boliviana, a principios de 1839, se dio pase en el Perú al llamado período de la Restauración, llamado así pues el estado peruano volvió tal como había estado constituido antes de 1836. El grupo de peruanos que bajo el mando del mariscal Gamarra habían luchado contra los «confederados» (en alianza con los chilenos), tomó el mando del país. Se denominaron «restauradores». Gamarra se propuso inmediatamente reorganizar el gobierno y fortalecer al estado. En el aspecto legislativo y constitucional optó por la recurrida fórmula de convocar a un Congreso cuya misión fundamental sería promulgar una nueva Constitución.

Convocatoria e instalación

El 22 de mayo de 1839 Gamarra convocó a un Congreso General, el cual se reunió en Huancayo (sierra central peruana), por estar todavía la capital  (Lima) ocupada por las tropas chilenas. Las Juntas preparatorias se iniciaron el 5 de agosto. El Congreso se inauguró el 15 de agosto, con la presencia de Gamarra y sus ministros Ramón Castilla y Benito Laso, y bajo la presidencia de Manuel Bartolomé Ferreyros.

La primera medida de este Congreso fue ratificar a Gamarra como Presidente Provisorio de la República, aprobando sus actos administrativos desde que se invistió en el mando en 1838. Asimismo, le concedió los títulos de Restaurador del Perú y Generalísimo de las fuerzas del mar y tierra. Declaró, luego, enemigo capital del Perú a Santa Cruz y puso fuera de la ley a Orbegoso. Dictó también medidas represivas para los colaboradores de Santa Cruz. En contraparte, otorgó diversos honores y premios a los auxiliares chilenos, a los peruanos vencedores en Yungay y a todos los que habían apoyado la causa restauradora.

En el plano constituyente, el Congreso declaró insubsistente la Constitución de 1834 por ley del 22 de agosto de 1839, arguyendo, entre otras razones, que tal carta no proveía el remedio adecuado ante los actos de traición del presidente, ni el modo de sostener la independencia del país frente a las amenazas foráneas, aludiendo así a los hechos políticos anteriores al establecimiento de la Confederación (el presidente traidor aludido era Luis José de Orbegoso, quien autorizó la invasión boliviana de 1835). Luego puso como única base para la nueva Constitución «la forma de gobierno popular representativo consolidado en la unidad, responsable y alternativo, delegando su ejercicio en los Poderes Legislativo, Ejecutivo y Judicial». Enseguida, pasó a discutir la nueva carta constitucional. Sus principales redactores fueron el coronel Bernardo Soffia y el sacerdote Higinio Madalengoitia. Otros congresistas destacados fueron Agustín Guillermo Charún y Pío Vicente Rosell, además del ya mencionado Manuel Bartolomé Ferreyros.

Espíritu autoritario

Usando la expresión de Basadre, este Congreso tuvo un «espíritu autoritario». La Constitución que elaboró fue la primera de tipo conservador, si se descuenta la Constitución Vitalicia de 1826, que en la práctica apenas rigió. Frente a las constituciones liberales anteriores (1823, 1828 y 1834) que consagraban todas las libertades del ciudadano y debilitaban al Poder Ejecutivo subordinándolo al Legislativo, la Constitución de 1839 fue un robustecimiento de la autoridad del Presidente de la República. Creían los legisladores de Huancayo que los principios conservadores se adecuaban a la realidad del país, y culpaban de los desórdenes vividos hasta entonces a la influencia del liberalismo en la política nacional.

El Congreso aprobó la Constitución el 10 de noviembre de 1839, que fue promulgada el mismo día por el presidente Gamarra. Los congresistas finalizaban así su labor constituyente: apenas tres meses les tomó para dar una nueva Constitución al país, lo que contrastaba con las dilatadas asambleas legislativas que dieron origen a las constituciones liberales de 1823, 1828 y 1834.

Leyes electorales

Las últimas medidas que tomó este Congreso fue dar dos leyes sobre las elecciones presidenciales:
 La ley del 26 de noviembre de 1839, que ordenaba efectuar, sin demora, la elección del Presidente Constitucional de la República por los Colegios Electorales; y
 La Ley Electoral del 29 de noviembre de ese mismo año, que reglamentaba las elecciones a realizarse.

Se buscaba así legalizar el mandato provisorio de Gamarra, quien, naturalmente, sería candidato presidencial en funciones. Enseguida, el Congreso dio por concluida sus labores.

La elección popular se realizó en enero de 1840. Los candidatos a la presidencia fueron, además de Gamarra, los generales Juan Crisóstomo Torrico y Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente. La Constituyente, transformada en Congreso ordinario, se volvió a reunir en Lima del 7 al 11 de junio de 1840. Verificados los escrutinios, resultó Gamarra ganador de manera abrumadora, al obtener 2542 votos de los 3928 sufragados en los Colegios Electorales de 58 provincias. Gamarra asumió como Presidente Constitucional el 10 de julio de 1840. Su mandato fue efímero, pues murió al año siguiente en la batalla de Ingavi, cuando intentaba anexar Bolivia al Perú.

La mediocridad de los legisladores

Se ha criticado la mediocridad de los legisladores de Huancayo, que hicieron de dicha asamblea un opaco y anodino cuerpo, sin contrastes ni apasionamientos ideológicos. El notable polígrafo José de la Riva Agüero y Osma, que décadas después revisó los archivos del Congreso huancaíno, no pudo contener su desolación ante el deplorable nivel de los políticos de entonces:

Presidentes

La Constitución conservadora de 1839

La Constitución de Huancayo fue a un robustecimiento de la autoridad del Ejecutivo, en desmedro del Legislativo. Aumentó el mandato presidencial a 6 años, impuso un exagerado centralismo administrativo y suprimió las municipalidades. Impuso como requisito para ser Presidente, ministro y senador tener más de 40 años, y para diputado 30 años, aumentándose así las edades estipuladas en las anteriores Constituciones, lo que fue considerado como una medida hostil a la juventud. Tomando en cuenta el antecedente de la Confederación, estableció que la nación no podía celebrar pactos de unión con otros países.

Rigió hasta 1855, es decir, tuvo 14 años de vigencia. Fue, en su momento, la Constitución de mayor vigencia en el Perú, pues si revisamos las anteriores constituciones (las de 1823, 1826, 1828 y 1834), resalta el hecho que todas tuvieron cortísima vida; incluso las dos primeras, en la práctica, nunca rigieron o solo lo hicieron nominalmente por unos meses.

Véase también
 Historia del constitucionalismo peruano

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Basadre, Jorge: Historia de la República del Perú. 1822 - 1933, Octava Edición, corregida y aumentada. Tomo 2.  Editada por el Diario "La República" de Lima y la Universidad "Ricardo Palma". Impreso en Santiago de Chile, 1998.
 Chirinos Soto, Enrique: Historia de la República (1821-1930). Tomo I. Lima, AFA Editores Importadores S.A., 1985.
 García Belaunde, Domingo: Las Constituciones del Perú. Segunda edición, Lima, 2005.
 Tauro del Pino, Alberto: Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Perú. Tercera Edición. Tomo 5, CHO/CUZ. Lima, PEISA, 2001. ISBN 9972-40-154-1
 Riva Agüero y Osma, José de la: Paisajes Peruanos. Empresa Editora El Comercio. Biblioteca Peruanos Imprescindibles, tomo  11. Lima, 2005. ISBN 9972-205-91-6
 Vargas Ugarte, Rubén: Historia General del Perú. Sexto Tomo. Tercera Edición. Editor Carlos Milla Batres. Lima, Perú, 1981. ISBN 84-499-4818-5

1839
Perú en 1839
Política en 1839

Congreso General de Huancayo (1839)


Eric Marcus (Nueva York, 12 de noviembre de 1958) es un ensayista estadounidense. Sus trabajos se centran sobre todo en temas LGBT, pero también trata otros temas como el suicidio y el pesimismo, en este último caso inspirado por su abuela.

Biografía
Creció en Kew Gardens, un barrio de Queens, y tiene una hermana mayor y un hermano menor. Se graduó en 1980 en el Vassar College, donde se especializó en urbanismo. En 1984 finalizó su maestría en el Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism y en octubre de 2003 consiguió su maestría en «desarrollo de bienes raíces» en la Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. Entre un título y otro fue director de grabación de la emisión CBS Morning News y más tarde de Good Morning America en ABC.

Vive con su compañero en Manhattan.

Obra
El libro Breaking the Surface («Rompiendo la superficie»), una autobiografía escrita junto con el deportista olímpico Greg Louganis, estuvo cinco semanas en la lista de los libros más vendidos del New York Times y consiguió llegar al número uno.

Con el libro Making History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights 1945-1990 («Haciendo historia: la lucha por los derechos iguales para gais y lesbianas 1945-1990»), en el que se basó en entrevistas a testigos oculares, consiguió ganar en 1993 el Israel Fishman Non-Fiction Award de la American Library Association. La obra fue adaptada al teatro por Matthew Crehan Higgins y estrenada en 2005 en el Buffalo United Artists/Main Street Cabaret de Búfalo (Nueva York).

 Pessimisms: Famous (and not so famous) Observations, Quotations, Thoughts, and Ruminations on What to Expect When You're Expecting the Worst (CDS Books, 2003)
 Making Gay History The Half-Century Fight for Lesbian & Gay Equal Rights (HarperCollins, 2002)
 What If Someone I Know Is Gay? Answers to Questions About Gay & Lesbian People (Penguin Putnam--Price, Stern, Sloan, 2000)
 Together Forever: Gay & Lesbian Couples Share Their Secrets for Lasting Happiness (Anchor, 1998, 1999)
 Icebreaker: The Autobiography of U.S. Figure Skating Champion Rudy Galindo (Pocket Books, 1997)
 Why Suicide? Answers to 200 of the Most Frequently Asked Questions About Suicide (HarperSanFrancisco, 1996)
 Breaking the Surface (Random House, 1995; Plume, 1996)
 Is It A Choice? Answers to 300 of the Most Frequently Asked Questions About Gay & Lesbian People (HarperSF, 1993,1999, 2005)
 Expect the Worst (You Won't Be Disappointed) (HarperSF, 1992)
 Making History The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights, 1945 to 1990 (HarperCollins, 1992)
 The Male Couple's Guide Finding a Man, Making a Home, Building a Life (HarperCollins, 1988, 1992, 1999)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Ensayistas de Estados Unidos
Historiadores de temas LGBT
Escritores gais
Homosexuales de Estados Unidos
Alumnado de la Universidad de Columbia
Personas de Nueva York (estado)
Alumnado del Vassar College

Eric Marcus


Rigor mortis veya ölüm sertliği, kaslardaki biyokimyasal bir değişiklikten kaynaklanan ve ölünün uzuvlarını katılaştıran bir ölüm belirtisidir. Bu olgu, oda sıcaklığındaki bir insanda ölümden 3-4 saat sonra görülmeye başlar, 12 saat sonra doruk noktasına ulaşır ve 36 saat sonra ortadan kalkar. (Belirtilen süreler sıcaklığa bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterebilir.)

Rigor mortis'in biyokimyasal nedeni, kas dokusundaki temel enerji kaynağı ATP'nin tükenmesi ve kas fibrillerinin gevşeme için gerekli olan enerjilerini temin edememeleridir. Miyozin adlı motor proteinlerin baş kısımları, kasılma esnasında bağlandıkları aktin adlı ipliksi proteinlerden ayrılabilmek için ATP'ye ihtiyaç duyarlar. Ölümden 3-4 saat sonra dış solunumun durmasıyla kas dokusunun miyoglobinlerindeki oksijen ve dolayısıyla da hücrelerin ATP stoğu tükendiği için, miyozinler aktomiyozin kompleksinde kenetli kalır. Bu nedenle, kasılmış durumdaki kaslar gevşeyemez ve belirli bir süre bu şekilde (kasılı) kalırlar.

Oksijenden yoksun kas hücrelerinde (fermentasyon ürünü) laktik asit ve (karbondioksit moleküllerinin su molekülleriyle birleşmesi sonucu oluşan) karbonik asit birikmeye başlar. Zamanla bu asitlerin etkisiyle hücre pH'ı 5,5'lere kadar düşünce lizozomlardaki hidrolitik enzimler hücre sitosolüne salınır ve kas proteinlerini parçalarlar. Sonuç olarak, aktomiyozin kompleksi yıkılır ve kaslar gevşer (doku yeniden yumuşar). Bu olaya da "Rigor gevşemesi" adı verilir.

Etlerin tüketimi ve saklanması
Rigor mortis hayvanlarda da görülür. Bu nedenle de kesilen hayvanların etleri 15 °C'nin altındaki sıcaklıklarda saklanacaksa, dolaba konmadan evvel (dana eti için) 6-12 saat bekletilerek etlerin Rigor Mortis'i (sertleşme safhasını) tamamlamaları sağlanmalıdır. Aksi takdirde, etler dolaptan çıkarıldığında Rigor mortis'e devam edecek, iyice sertleşerek aşırı katı bir hal alacaktır.

Öte yandan, etlerin sıcaklığı 15 °C'nin altına düşürülmeden etler tüketilecekse, rigor gevşemesi yani etlerin yeniden yumuşaması için yenmeden önce 24-36 saat bekletilmeleri gerekmektedır.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.extension.umn.edu
 meat.tamu.edu

Ölüm belirtileri
Tıp terimleri

Rigor mortis


Un zoolito (del griego «ζωον» zoon, 'animal', y λίθος lithos, 'piedra') es un artefacto arqueológico elaborado en piedra con forma de animal.
Están estrechamente relacionados con los ornitolitos y antropolitos. Los hallazgos más notables se encuentran en Sudamérica, fundamentalmente en Brasil, donde se hallaron zoolitos con forma de pez. También se los halla en Uruguay, donde se destacan las tabletas shamánicas zoomórficas encontradas en San Luis, Valizas, Cabo Polonio y Tacuarí; por sus similitudes con otras piezas de la "tradición sambaquí" del sudeste del Brasil se considera que, en vez de haber sido realizada por indígenas del Uruguay, probablemente se trate de un producto de un intercambio cultural.

Se puede suponer que estos objetos servían como morteros para la mezcla de alucinógenos con fines ceremoniales. Esta pieza denota una sociedad sofisticada, y es muy escasa, por lo que no son infrecuentes las falsificaciones.

Referencias

Arqueología de Uruguay
Restos arqueológicos
Arte del Neolítico

Zoolito


An Mormolyca fuchii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John T. Atwood. An Mormolyca fuchii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mormolyca, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Bolivia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mormolyca

Mormolyca fuchii


Deutsche Bank AG (Njemačka banka), njemačka je bankarska i novčarska tvrtka sa sjedištem u Frankfurtu. S više od 100.000 zaposlenih koji djeluju u 70 država svijeta ubraja se među najveće europske banke, a prema ostvarenoj dobiti je među 20 najvećih u svijetu.

Osnovana je u Berlinu 1870. za vanjsku trgovinu. Među osnivačima su bil članovi više banaka iz Pruske. Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata otvarala je podružnice u nmarionteskim državama Trećeg Reicha i odobrila kredit za gradnju Auschwitza. Nakon rata, zapadnonjemačke vlasti podijelile su 1948. banku u 10 područnih banaka, koje su 1952. spojene u tri veće banke. Pet godina kasnije, ponovno su spojene u današnju banku.

Od listopada 2001., banka trguje na Njujorškoj burzi. U kriznoj 2008. Deutsche Bank prvi je puta u pet desetljeća prijavila ukupni gubitak, iako je primla milijarde dolara "financijskih injekcija" od američkog AIG-a. U pretkriznom vremenu banka je bila više puta optužena za špijunažu, 2015. morala je platiti 258 milijuna dolara kazne ta trgovanje s Burmom, Libijom, Sudanom, Iranom i Sirijom, kojima je SAD nametnuo sankcije.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 www.db.com Službene međumrežne stranice

Banke
Njemačke tvrtke
Bankarstvo u Njemačkoj

Deutsche Bank


نهر أولت "Olt" من أهم أنهار رومانيا وإحدى روافد نهر الدانوب من جبال الكارابات الشرقية ويمر بالعديد من المدن والمقاطعات الرومانية. يبلغ طوله 615 كم ويشكل في مساره 30 بحيرة.

معرض صور

مراجع

أولت (نهر)
أنهار مقاطعة أولت
أنهار مقاطعة تيلورمان
أنهار مقاطعة سيبيو
أنهار مقاطعة كوفاسنا
أنهار مقاطعة هارغيتا
جغرافيا أوروبا
جغرافيا رومانيا
أنهار مقاطعة براسوف
أنهار مقاطعة فالسيا

أولت (نهر)