is a character and the primary antagonist of Nintendo's The Legend of Zelda video game series and franchise, as well as the final boss in many Zelda titles. In his humanoid Gerudo form, he is known as  A massive and malevolent pig creature, Ganon first appeared in the original The Legend of Zelda game in 1986, while his alter ego, Ganondorf, was introduced in Ocarina of Time. He has since appeared in the majority of the games in the series in various forms. He is the archenemy of the protagonist Link and Princess Zelda of Hyrule and originally the leader of the Gerudo, a race of humanoid desert nomads before becoming the ruler of his demon army.

His specific motives vary from game to game, but most often involve capturing Princess Zelda and planning to conquer Hyrule and the world at large. To this end, he seeks the Triforce, an omnipotent artifact that grants any wish its bearer desires, and usually manipulates several other villains to realize his ambitions. In most games, he possesses the Triforce of Power, which gives him godlike strength, boundless mystical power, and invulnerability to all but the most powerful sacred weapons, such as the Master Sword.

As the main villain of the series, Ganon has also appeared in a variety of media, including an animated television series and manga. He appears in various spin-off games, such as Hyrule Warriors and Age of Calamity, and also appears in the Super Smash Bros. series. The character has been well received by critics and is one of the most recognizable villains in gaming. He has been praised for providing some of the most memorable boss battles and has been named as one of the greatest video game villains of all time.

Concept and creation
Ganon was conceived as the antagonist of The Legend of Zelda video game by Shigeru Miyamoto working alongside Takashi Tezuka.

Characterisation

Ganon has two basic forms that appear throughout the series: one is a gigantic pig-like form, and the other is his humanoid Gerudo form. In the original The Legend of Zelda, A Link to the Past, Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages, Four Swords Adventures, and A Link Between Worlds, he is depicted as a blue, bipedal pig wielding either a large sword or a trident. Ocarina of Time marks the first appearance of his humanoid form named Ganondorf, the physically imposing and armor-clad king of the Gerudo. For the development of Ocarina of Time, Ganon was designed by character designer Satoru Takizawa. He imagined Ganon as a "crooked and complex thief, who was basically an all-around abominable human being". However, script director Toru Osawa thought that Ganondorf should have "parts where he is rather good", comparing him to the character of Raoh in Fist of the North Star. With this idea in mind, Takizawa created a tentative model of Ganondorf based on actor Christopher Lambert, but the resulting designs were very different. Since Ganon had appeared earlier as a boar-like creature, Takizawa decided that Ganondorf should transform into such at the end of the game and wanted to consult Shigeru Miyamoto on this, but realised that he had no opinion on the matter. He decided on making Ganon a beast "with the feeling of a pig" to reference A Link to the Past.

Names
Ganon was originally known as "Hakkai" during development of the original The Legend of Zelda, in reference to a humanoid pig character known as Zhu Bajie (Cho Hakkai in Japanese) from the 16th century Chinese novel Journey to the West. The character was given the name "Ganondorf Dragmire" in the English version of the A Link to the Past instruction manual while his monster form's name was "Mandrag Ganon". In 2017, Nintendo reconfirmed that "Dragmire" is the character's surname on its official Zelda website.

Ganon was sometimes spelled inconsistently in earlier games. In the Japanese versions of the first three games, his name is anglicized as "Gannon". This spelling appears in two Western releases: the original The Legend of Zelda, and the non-canonical Zelda's Adventure.

Character design
Like all Gerudo, Ganondorf possesses olive dark skin, amber eyes, and red hair. Ganondorf is around  and was first drawn with a "sharp, birdlike nose" that is characteristic of the Gerudo and "strong, supple muscles".

In The Wind Waker, Ganondorf was designed as an older version of his Ocarina of Time incarnation. The artists depicted him as middle-aged and created drawings of him "with an Eastern flavor". His robe was decorated with patterns that were designed to be a twist on the mark of the Gerudo seen previously. Ganondorf's reappearance in Twilight Princess returned him to a similar age to his original appearance in Ocarina of Time. His design was created to look like a warrior, dressed in armour. He also transforms into Demonic Beast Ganon and this concept art was created with the caption "Pig Ganon".

Ganon evolved into other monstrous forms for his appearance in Breath of the Wild. He is presented as a primal evil force that is visible as a serpentine cloud circling around Hyrule Castle. His physical form Calamity Ganon is a grotesque monster that resembles a spider equipped with various weapons. His final form is Dark Beast Ganon, a giant boar similar to previous iterations. Artist Yuki Hamada explained that his enormous size was due to the team wanting the game to end in the vast open plain of Hyrule Field. In addition, the Blight Ganons that Link encounters in the Divine Beasts were designed with similar design features, such as his red hair, as the artist Takafumi Kiuchi wanted players to feel Ganon's presence at all times.

For the return of Ganondorf in Tears of the Kingdom the character's design was reassigned to Takizawa. The game's director, Hidemaro Fujibayashi said that he had given him the task of making him a "very cool, very awesome demon king" due to him being a crucial character within the series.

Portrayal

Ganon has been voiced by several voice actors. In the 1989 The Legend of Zelda animated television series and Captain N: The Game Master, he was voiced by Len Carlson. In the Zelda series and other spin-off games, the character has been voiced by several Japanese voice actors, including Takashi Nagasako in Ocarina of Time, The Wind Waker, Super Smash Bros. Melee and Ultimate; Hironori Miyata in Twilight Princess, Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U; and Taiten Kusunoki in Hyrule Warriors. In the English dub of Tears of the Kingdom, he is voiced by Matthew Mercer.

Characteristics
Ganon is the main antagonist in The Legend of Zelda series. He usually appears as the final boss at the end of each game. A recurring storyline in the series centres around the protagonist Link fighting to save Princess Zelda after she is captured by Ganon. Over the course of the series, Ganon has been depicted in various physical forms. His humanoid form known as Ganondorf is the king and only male member of the Gerudo, a race predominantly consisting of female warriors. His monstrous bestial form, Ganon, resembles a giant boar. In some games, either Ganon or Ganondorf appear as the final boss, whereas in others, he transforms between the two.

Throughout the series, Ganon has been characterised as the embodiment of evil and is placed in direct opposition to the protagonist Link and Princess Zelda across multiple generations in the fictional timeline. In Skyward Sword, he is implied to be the manifestation of the antagonist Demon King Demise's hatred following the character's defeat. The game was presented as the start of The Legend of Zelda fictional timeline and the origin of his endless battle with Link and Zelda. In Breath of the Wild, his Dark Beast Ganon form is described as "Hatred and Malice Incarnate".

The character's motivations typically centre around destroying Hyrule or placing himself in a position of power as ruler. His destructive influence is illustrated in Ocarina of Time, when Link awakens from a seven-year sleep to discover Hyrule transformed from a peaceful kingdom to a place of fear shrouded in darkness following Ganondorf's rise to power. In Breath of the Wild, his destructive power is so great, that he almost wipes out the entire civilisation of Hyrule in a cataclysm known as the Great Calamity.

In the fictional lore of the series, Ganon is the bearer of the Triforce of Power, one of three components that form a core symbol of the series, a divine relic called the Triforce. The three pieces of the Triforce represent the qualities of the three characters, with Ganon being the bearer of the Triforce of Power and Link and Zelda bearing the Triforce of Courage and Wisdom respectively. A recurring plot element in the series is Ganon's desire to obtain the completed Triforce, which offers limitless power to its bearer. This struggle for control of the Triforce has been a central aspect of several games, such as Ocarina of Time, and binds the three main characters in an eternal battle across the fictional Zelda timeline.

Powers and abilities
Ganon/Ganondorf is presented as a dangerous foe who is difficult to defeat. He is a formidable warrior and sorcerer, capable of dual-wielding large blades, such as great swords. He is typically only defeated by Link with the use of a legendary weapon like the Master Sword or Light Arrows. Due to his near-immortality and indestructible power, he often needs to be sealed away in another realm by magic to prevent him from causing more destruction. Like Link and Zelda, he is repeatedly reincarnated in subsequent games.

In addition to his combat skills, he also demonstrates various magical powers that originate in his use of dark magic. He can use various defensive measures in combat, such as creating magical barriers. In the original The Legend of Zelda game and A Link to the Past he is able to turn himself invisible. Ganondorf also has the ability of teleportation, giving him the advantage of sneaking behind his opponent in combat, a skill that he displays in Twilight Princess. In Ocarina of Time he has the ability to levitate. He has also demonstrated that he can pass between dimensions, such as the Dark World and the Twilight Realm.

In several games, he is able to create a mini boss in his own likeness named Phantom Ganon. In Ocarina of Time, Phantom Ganon is the boss of the Forest Temple and appears as a ghostly rider that can jump in and out of paintings. In The Wind Waker, he creates Puppet Ganon, a marionette that takes three forms, each requiring a different strategy to defeat. In Tears of the Kingdom, Phantom Ganon is a powerful foe that deals additional damage with an expanding pool of gloom. He also has the power to possess and control other characters. In Twilight Princess he possesses Princess Zelda and uses her body like a puppet to fight Link. He can also manipulate other characters for his own benefit, such as Zant in Twilight Princess. In Breath of the Wild, Calamity Ganon is able to corrupt creatures with the spread of a substance called Malice. He reinstates his influence over the land of Hyrule in Breath of the Wild and Tears of the Kingdom by conjuring a Blood Moon, which resurrects fallen monsters.

Appearances

The Legend of Zelda series

Ganon made his first appearance in the original NES video game The Legend of Zelda in 1986 in the form of a blue monstrous pig. The game established the character's desire for power, which was reiterated in subsequent games. The storyline involves the character invading Hyrule with his army and stealing the Triforce of Power. To prevent him from obtaining the Triforce of Wisdom, Princess Zelda scatters the eight pieces across the kingdom. Link is then sent on a quest to retrieve the eight fragments and finally defeats Gannon using a silver arrow. The second entry in the Zelda series, which is titled Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, does not feature the physical presence of Ganon, but his image appears in the final game over screen, signifying his return.

He was reintroduced in the Super Nintendo Entertainment System game A Link to the Past. It expands on Ganon's backstory by revealing that he used to be a man named Ganondorf, the leader of a group of thieves, who enters the Sacred Realm and steals the Triforce, which plunges the Sacred Realm into darkness. After he is sealed in the Dark World, Link and Zelda are sent there by the wizard Agahnim, who is an avatar used to contain Ganon's spirit. Once Link defeats Agahnim in the Dark World, Ganon rises from his body and turns into a bat. He is finally defeated by Link at the Pyramid of Power. In Link's Awakening, the fourth Shadow Nightmare that Link faces in the final boss battle is based on Ganon from A Link to the Past.

Ocarina of Time, which was released for the Nintendo 64, introduced the character in his humanoid form as Ganondorf, the king of the Gerudo thieves, expanding upon the backstory in A Link to the Past. Ganondorf schemes to take the Triforce from the Sacred Realm in order to conquer Hyrule and, after a young Link is put in a seven-year sleep, Link wakes as an adult to discover that Ganondorf is now ruling over Hyrule. After stealing the Triforce, Ganondorf's evil heart breaks it into three pieces, with Ganondorf keeping the Triforce of Power. In the final boss fight, Link and Ganondorf battle at Ganon's Castle, but before the fight is over, he transforms into his beast form, Ganon. He is finally defeated by Link before being sealed away in the Dark Realm.

In 2001, two games titled Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages were released for the Game Boy Color handheld console. They feature their own antagonists, but upon completing either game, the player receives a password that provides access to a linked game in the opposite title. The linked game reveals Ganon as the secret final boss, who was resurrected by two witches named Twinrova.

Ganondorf resumes his plans to obtain the Triforce and conquer Hyrule in The Wind Waker. Although he is not initially presented as the main villain, he is revealed to be the master of the Helmaroc King. He kidnaps multiple young girls with pointed ears in order to find Zelda so he can complete the Triforce and take over Hyrule, including Link's sister Aryll. In the final boss battle, Link defeats him by thrusting the Master Sword into his forehead, turning him to stone.

In Four Swords Adventures, the antagonists are initially shown to be Shadow Link and Vaati. However, Ganon is revealed to be the true villain who stole a powerful magical trident and Dark Mirror to create the evil version of Link. Ganon uses Shadow Link to kidnap the shrine maidens of Hyrule and murders the Knights of Hyrule, trapping them in the World of Darkness. Link and his clones free the shrine maidens and seal Ganon inside the Four Sword to return peace to Hyrule.

In Twilight Princess, Ganondorf manipulates the sorcerer Zant to usurp the throne of the Twilight Realm. In the game's backstory, the Sages banish Ganon with the Mirror of Twilight for trying to steal the Triforce. After Link and his companion Midna defeat Zant, they face Ganondorf for the final battle at Hyrule Castle. Ganondorf battles Link by possessing Zelda and using her like a puppet and afterwards transforms into his beast form. After Link slays Ganon, Midna safely transports Link and Zelda to Hyrule field, but Link is forced to again face Ganondorf in his humanoid form. Ganondorf is defeated with the help of Zelda's Light Arrows when Link finally plunges the Master Sword into Ganondorf's chest.

Ganon was replaced by two new antagonists named Ghirahim and Demon King Demise in Skyward Sword. Speaking to Nintendo Power, Eiji Aonuma explained that he wanted a different kind of villain and that Ghirahim was created to contrast with Ganon's "very masculine, powerful, evil" image. Despite his absence, the game suggests that Ganon is the manifestation of the game's demonic god named Demise when Link's companion Fi says that Demise is "the source of all monsters". Demise's final curse also establishes that Ganon, Link and Zelda are placed in an eternal cycle of conflict. Ganon appears in the final boss battle of A Link Between Worlds. The antagonist Yuga summons him from his seal with the power of the Seven Sages and fuses with Ganon to become a massive creature called Yuga Ganon.

In Breath of the Wild, Ganon gives into malice and hatred to become the malevolent force called Calamity Ganon. In the backstory, he returns from an earlier defeat to take control of an army of Guardian robots, which he uses against the Hyruleans with the aim of destroying Hyrule. Using his Blight Ganon doppelgängers he murders the four Champions who pilot an ancient technology known as the Divine Beasts. He is confined in Hyrule Castle by Zelda's powers until a hundred years later, when Link awakens to prevent his complete destruction of Hyrule.

Ganondorf returns in his humanoid form for the first time since Twilight Princess in Tears of the Kingdom. The game's cutscenes reveal that he is present thousands of years in the past when the first king Rauru founded Hyrule. Rauru sacrifices himself to seal Ganondorf beneath Hyrule Castle where his corpse rots for thousands of years. He is reawakened in the present when Link and Zelda investigate the depths of Hyrule Castle and, in the confrontation, his power breaks the Master Sword. In the final boss fight, which takes place deep in the chasm beneath Hyrule Castle, he regenerates into his Demon King form. After the initial fight, he uses his Secret Stone to transform into a dragon, pulling Link into the sky, and is destroyed with the help of the Light Dragon.

Other video games
Ganon makes an appearance in Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce for Barcode Battler II. The game was released by Epoch Co. and involves scanning barcodes to battle enemies on cards with a story based on A Link to the Past. He also appears in his "demon boar" form in the CD-i Zelda titles: Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon and Link: The Faces of Evil. The games centre on Ganon attacking the worlds of Gamelon and the Koridai. In Zelda's Adventure, he takes over the kingdom of Tolemac and captures Link.

Ganondorf made his first appearance in the Super Smash Bros. series in his Ocarina of Time design as a playable character in Super Smash Bros. Melee. He reappears in all subsequent installments, including Brawl, Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U and Ultimate. In Melee, Ganondorf's moveset is a version of Captain Falcon's and his Warlock Punch was based on the Falcon Punch. For Brawl, his design was based on his appearance in Twilight Princess. He also appears in the single-player The Subspace Emissary story mode. In Ultimate, his design resembles his Ocarina of Time appearance. He transforms into his beast form for his final smash. As one of the bosses of Ultimate, he takes the form of Demon King Ganon, wielding two swords and combining his attacks with dark magic.

Ganondorf appears as a playable character in the Zelda spin-off title Hyrule Warriors. He can also be customised with several outfits, including his Demon King costume set. Calamity Ganon appears in the next entry, Hyrule Warriors: Age of Calamity. In addition to being the main antagonist of the game, he can also be unlocked as a playable character at the end of the game after the player completes all of the challenges.

Ganon can be summoned into a player's village in Animal Crossing: New Leaf by scanning a compatible amiibo that was released for the 30th anniversary of The Legend of Zelda series. Ganondorf is available as an unlockable "Mystery Mushroom" costume in Super Mario Maker. He is also playable in the Nintendo Switch version of Diablo III: Eternal Collection, with the Switch version of the game exclusively offering amiibo support and additional content based on The Legend of Zelda series. Ganon also makes a cameo appearance alongside Link in Scribblenauts Unlimited.

In the rhythm game Cadence of Hyrule Ganon is the final boss. The storyline involves Link, Zelda and Cadence searching for four magic instruments to defeat him.

Television series
Ganon appears as the main villain of The Legend of Zelda cartoon, which was shown as part of The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! in 1989. Ganon is a brown-skinned anthropomorphic boar and wizard with a squeally voice. He is in possession of the Triforce of Power and spends each episode plotting to steal the Triforce of Wisdom and take over Hyrule. His plan is usually thwarted by Link and Zelda by the end of the episode. He was voiced by Len Carlson.

He also appears in Captain N: The Game Master, in which he is defeated by Link using a mirror shield.

In the South Park episode "Imaginationland Episode III", Ganondorf makes an appearance in his Ocarina of Time incarnation as one of many evil characters battling the good characters.

Comics and manga
The Legend of Zelda comic series published in the 1990s by Valiant Comics was based on The Legend of Zelda games and featured Ganon as an antagonist in the stories and bonus stories.

Ganon appears in The Legend of Zelda manga. In the Ocarina of Time manga, which was originally published in two volumes and written by Akira Himekawa, the storyline provides additional details to the game's plot in which Link defeats Ganondorf and restores peace to Hyrule.

Merchandise
Ganondorf was recreated as a figure that was bundled with a limited edition of physical copies of The Wind Waker HD in 2013. In September 2015, Nintendo released an amiibo of Ganondorf, which was primarily associated with Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. Following the release of Tears of the Kingdom, a compatible Ganondorf amiibo was announced for release in the holiday of 2023. His image has also appeared on other official merchandise, including a "Power" t-shirt that was released for a Triforce-themed Splatfest held in Splatoon 3 in May 2023.

Reception and legacy
Ganon was one of the first villains in video game history and has been described by critics, including Guinness World Records 2013 Gamer's Edition as one of the greatest video game villains. Aaron Greenbaum, writing for Den of Geek, remarked that throughout the series there have been confusing shifts between the characterisation of Ganon and his humanoid counterpart. He noted that in the original game and again in Ocarina of Time, Ganon appears as a mute monster with no dialogue or personality and only exists for the purposes of the gameplay, while in other games his portrayal shifts around. This contrasts with Ganondorf's intelligence and egomaniacal nature, which is emphasised each time the player interacts with him. Jay Castello, writing for Polygon, considered Ganondorf's depiction as an evil character who originates from the desert to have racist undertones that have underpinned his backstory throughout the series.

Following a demo at Space World 2000, IGN responded to Ganondorf's character model, highlighting his battle-worn sword and noting that his face was an improvement on the N64 model and represented "the pure evil within". The demo was cancelled by Nintendo and replaced by The Wind Waker demo at Space World 2001. Jose Oteru of IGN praised Ganondorf's Wind Waker design, noting its samurai-esque and Eastern influences and describing it as a "visual foil to all of the pirates and sea-driven art direction". He opined that these small design details help to give the character personality. Oli Welsh, writing for Eurogamer, said that the dialogue in the final scenes of The Wind Waker expresses Ganondorf's motivations and results in a more human villain to which players can more easily relate. GameSpot's Rob Crossley appreciated the imaginative characterisation of Ganondorf's sidekick Zant in Twilight Princess. While he thought that Nintendo was engaging in "fan service" when they had Ganondorf replace Zant, the final battle between Link and Ganondorf was "symbolic and epic". In a review of Breath of the Wild, Kyle Hilliard, writing for Game Informer, considered that Calamity Ganon's threatening presence, seen from any vantage point in the game's world, creates a tangible goal that makes the final effort to defeat him seem like "the culmination of a lifetime of preparation" and makes the finale more rewarding.

Anticipation grew for the return of Ganondorf with the release of the third trailer for Tears of the Kingdom in April 2023, due to him being absent for almost 17 years since Twilight Princess. This incarnation of Ganondorf received widespread praise for his sex appeal, with Jenni Lada of Siliconera commenting that this added more mystery to the character by making him appear "charismatic and charming" rather than just an evil villain. Carolyn Petit of Kotaku considered Ganondorf's characterisation in Tears of the Kingdom to be disappointing, describing him as a "one-note character...without any real character or moral texture". She opined that this results in the game squandering the sense of loss that resonates at its beginning and is in contrast to his more compelling appearance in The Wind Waker. Jim Norman of Nintendo Life thought that Nintendo needs to do more with Ganondorf's character depth, as his appearances throughout the series follow a common narrative structure where he is largely absent until the final battle.

The boss fights between Link and Ganon have received a mixed reception. Mark Langshaw of Digital Spy considered Ocarina of Time to be one of the most memorable boss battles in gaming, commenting that the dual contest against Ganondorf and Ganon offers "two epic boss battles for the price of one". Chris Freiburg for Den of Geek also chose it as the best boss fight, describing Ganon as "a towering pig beast wielding two massive swords in an arena surrounded by a ring of fire" and opined, "it's hard not to consider it the best boss fight in franchise history". Brian Shea, writing for Game Informer, chose the boss battle in The Wind Waker as the greatest moment, stating the final blow "is in stark contrast to the cute cel-shaded visual style in the best way possible", which "delivers players one of the most memorable final sequences in gaming". Marco Vito Oddo of Collider also considered this as the best Ganondorf duel and compared it to the final boss battle in Breath of the Wild, which he described as "another giant blob of dark energy that fights just like every other Ganon Blight the player already fought and defeated" and "an unsatisfactory ending to a fantastic game". Julian Benson of TechRadar noted the extreme difficulty of the final boss fight against Demon King Ganondorf in Tears of the Kingdom, but felt that the game does not prepare the player with the right skillset to successfully defeat him, resulting in him being "the wrong final boss" for the finale.

See also
 Characters of The Legend of Zelda

Notes

References

External links
 Ganondorf at play.nintendo.com

Deity characters in video games
Demon characters in video games
Dragon characters in video games
Fictional criminals in video games
Fictional dictators
Fictional gods
Fictional humanoids
Fictional kidnappers
Fictional kings
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional monsters
Fictional pigs
Fictional professional thieves
Fictional swordfighters in video games
Fictional warlords in video games
King characters in video games
Male characters in video games
Nintendo antagonists
Prince characters in video games
Shapeshifter characters in video games
Super Smash Bros. fighters
The Legend of Zelda characters
Video game bosses
Video game characters introduced in 1986
Video game characters who use magic
Video game characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
Video game characters with superhuman strength
Fictional polearm and spearfighters

Ganon


Tantalos (Eski Yunanca: Τάνταλος), Batı Anadolu'da mitik Frigya kralı, Pelops ve Niobe'nin babası. Eski Yunan mitolojisine göre Zeus ile nemf'lerden biri olan Plouto'nun oğludur.

Spil Dağı'nda (Manisa) hüküm sürüyordu. Atlas'ın kızı Dione ile evlenmişti. Bir rivayete göre Paktolos ırmağının kızı Eurnassa da onun karısı idi. Efsaneye göre, tanrıların hoşgörüsünü kötüye kullandı ve müthiş bir azaba çarptırıldı.

Eski İzmir'in tarihi ve kültüründe yer alan, MÖ 8.yüzyılda yaşadığı ve Frigya kralı olduğu iddia edilen Tantalos, mitolojiye göre baştanrı Zeus ile bir insan dilber Pluto'nun çocuğudur. Kral Tantalos, Symnrna'dan Magnesia'ya (Manisa) doğru uzanan Spilios dağında Frigya halkı ile birlikte yaşar ve Batı Anadolu'ya yayılmış devletini yönetir. Baştan başa bağlık-bahçelik olan Spilos dağı aynı zamanda zengin madenlerin bulunduğu efsanevi bir yerdir. Tantalos'un daha sonra Yunanistan' a giderek Paleppones yarımadasına ismini verecek ve olimpiyat oyunlarını kuracak olan "Pelops" isimli bir oğlu ile Manisa'da ağlayan kaya haline gelecek olan Niobe isimli bir kızı olmuştur. Tanrıların sofrasına oturabilen tek insandır. Anadolu tanrıçası Kibele'ye inandığı için Helen tanrılarını küçük gören ve onların kudretlerini sınamaya kalkan Tantalos, Olimpos tanrılarının hışmına uğrar, ona verilen ceza, Tantalos işkencesi olarak anılmıştır.

Helen efsaneleri ilk çağlardan bu yana kadar Tantalos'un kötülüğünü yaymıştır. Onun tanrılara ait kutsal şarap ile ambrosiayı çaldığını, tanrısal sırları insanlara ilettiğini ve oğlu Pelopsu kesip şölen düzenlediğini söylemişlerdir. Pindaros'a göre kendisini Olympos'a davet eden tanrılardan nektar ve ambrosia çalar, tanrılar ona iade-i ziyarette bulundukları zaman onlara, yemek için önlerine oğlu Pelops'un etini koyduğu yalanını söyler.

Tanrılar onu çenesine kadar su dolu bir yerde bulunma ama bu sudan asla içememe ile cezalandırırlar. Su içmeye her kalktığında su çekilir ve sadece üzerine bastığı zemin kalır. Ayrıca başının üzerinde binbir çeşit meyve asılıdır, ama yaşlı adam bunlara elini atar atmaz yel dalları kaçırarak meyveleri ondan uzaklaştırır.

Anadolulu Homeros ise, Odysseia isimli destanında hemşehrisi Tantalos'un çektiği acıları çarpıcı bir üslupla anlatmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Pelops
 Niobe
 Spil Dağı
 Yamanlar Dağı

Lidya kralları
Frigya kralları

Tantalos


Xavier Bourgault (né le 22 octobre 2002 à L'Islet dans la province du Québec au Canada) est un joueur canadien de hockey sur glace. Il évolue aux postes de centre ou d'ailier droit pour les Cataractes de Shawinigan dans la LHJMQ.

Biographie

Carrière mineure
Il participe à l'édition 2014-2015 du tournoi international de hockey pee-wee de Québec avec les Québec Nordiques. Il joue 3 matchs et il obtient aucun point.

Carrière junior
Il est repêchée au  rang par les Cataractes de Shawinigan lors du repêchage d'entrée dans la LHJMQ. Xavier Bourgault fait ses débuts dans la Ligue de hockey junior majeur du Québec (LHJMQ) avec les Cataractes de Shawinigan lors de la saison 2018-2019, il y inscrit 7 buts et 20 points en 62 matchs. Lors des séries éliminatoires, les Cataractes se font éliminer au premier tour par les Huskies de Rouyn-Noranda en 6 matchs. Il obtient aucun but et 1 assistance lors de la série.

La saison suivante, il élève sa production offensive avec 33 buts et 71 points en 63 matchs, pour un moyenne de 1,13 points par match. La saison est arrêté prématurément en raison à la pandémie de COVID-19 et il n'y a pas de séries éliminatoires.

Sa moyenne de points par match augmente à nouveau à 1,38 en 2020-2021, alors qu'il enregistre 20 buts et 40 points en 29 matchs. Lors des séries éliminatoires, les Cataractes se font éliminer au premier tour par l'Océanic de Rimouski en 5 matchs. Il termine les séries avec aucun but et 4 assistances. Ne comptant que six minutes de punition cette saison-là, il est finaliste pour le trophée Frank-J.-Selke, qui est remis annuellement au joueur considéré comme ayant le meilleur esprit sportif tout en conservant des performances remarquables dans la LHJMQ . Le 23 juillet 2021, Bourgault est repêché au  rang par les Oilers d'Edmonton lors du repêchage d'entrée dans la LNH 2021.

Carrière internationale
Il représente l'équipe du Canada au niveau international.

Lors du championnat du monde junior 2022, il joue un match et il fait une commotion cérébrale. Il manque le reste du tournoi et ce dernier est annulé en raison de la pandémie de COVID-19 et son variant Omicron.

Statistiques
Pour les significations des abréviations, voir statistiques du hockey sur glace.

En club

| 2018-2019 || Cataractes de Shawinigan || LHJMQ || 62 || 7 || 13 || 20 || 12 || 6 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| 2019-2020 || Cataractes de Shawinigan || LHJMQ || 63 || 33 || 38 || 71 || 20 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2020-2021 || Cataractes de Shawinigan || LHJMQ  || 29 || 20 || 20 || 40 || 6 || 5 || 0 || 4 || 4 || 2
|-
| 2021-2022 || Cataractes de Shawinigan || LHJMQ ||43 ||36 ||39 ||75 ||20 ||16 ||12 ||10 ||22 ||10

Références

Naissance en octobre 2002
Naissance à L'Islet
Joueur canadien de hockey sur glace
Choix de premier tour au repêchage d'entrée dans la LNH
Choix de repêchage des Oilers d'Edmonton
Joueur des Cataractes de Shawinigan

Xavier Bourgault


La  est l'une des douze circonscriptions législatives que compte la préfecture de Hokkaidō au Japon. Cette circonscription comptait  électeurs en date du .

Description géographique

La cinquième circonscription de Hokkaidō regroupe l'arrondissement d'Atsubetsu de Sapporo et, en dehors de Sapporo, le reste de la sous-préfecture d'Ishikari, dont les villes d'Ebetsu, Chitose, Eniwa, Kitahiroshima et Ishikari.

Députés

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Chambre des représentants du Japon

Circonscription législative au Japon

Cinquième circonscription de Hokkaidō


Lofça ili (Bulgarca: Област Ловеч / Oblast Loveç), Bulgaristan'ın orta bölümünde yer alan bir ildir. Merkezi Lofça şehridir. 4.128,8 km² yüzöçümüne sahip ilin 8 belediyesi vardır. İlin nüfusu 167.931 kişidir.

Belediyeleri

Not

Lofça (il)


An Lepanthes ancylopetala in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Louis Dressler. An Lepanthes ancylopetala in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lepanthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Lepanthes

Lepanthes ancylopetala


كاريل بروكنر، من مواليد 13 نوفمبر 1939 في أولوموتس في تشيكوسلوفاكيا، لاعب كرة قدم تشيكوسلوفاكي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم تشيكي حالي.

بدأ مسيرته الكروية مع نادي سيغما أولوموتس في عام 1957، ولعب معهم حتى عام 1972، وفي موسم 1972/1973 انتقل إلى نادي بانيك أوسترافا، وبعدها اعتزل لعب كرة القدم.

في عام 1973 درب نادي سيغما أولوموتس حتى عام 1977، وفي موسم 1978/1979 درب نادي إف كا بروستيوف، وفي موسم 1979/1980 درب نادي زبرويوفكا برنو، وفي موسم 1981/1982 عاد إلى نادي سيغما أولوموتس، وفي عام 1983 درب منتخب تشيكوسلوفاكيا لكرة القدم تحت 21 سنة، ودربهم حتى عام 1984، في عام 1985 درب نادي سيغما أولوموتس مرة أخرى، واستمر في تدريبهم حتى عام 1987، وفي موسم 1988/1989 درب نادي جيلينا، وفي عام 1989 درب نادي بانيك أوسترافا، واستمر في تدريبهم حتى عام 1991، وفي عام 1992 درب نادي سيغما أولوموتس، واستمر معهم حتى 1994، وفي موسم 1994/1995 درب نادي بيترا درنوفيتسه، وفي موسم 1995/1996 درب نادي إنتر سلوفنافت براتيسلافا، وفي موسم 1997/1998 درب نادي سيغما أولوموتس، في عام 1998 انتقل إلى تدريب منتخب التشيك لكرة القدم تحت 21 سنة، واستمر معهم حتى عام 2001، وفي عام 2002 انتقل إلى تدريب منتخب التشيك لكرة القدم، وهو يدربهم حتى الآن.

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية تشيكيون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
تشيكيون مغتربون في النمسا
تشيكيون مغتربون في سلوفاكيا
تشيكيون من أصل ألماني
رياضيون تشيكيون مغتربون في النمسا
رياضيون تشيكيون مغتربون في سلوفاكيا
رياضيون من أولوموتس
لاعبو بانيك أوسترافا
لاعبو كرة قدم تشيكوسلوفاكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم تشيكيون
لاعبو نادي سيغما أولوموتس
مدربو إنتر براتيسلافا
مدربو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2004
مدربو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
مدربو زبرويوفكا برنو
مدربو كأس العالم 2006
مدربو كرة قدم تشيكوسلوفاكيون
مدربو كرة قدم تشيكيون مغتربون
بروكنر
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في النمسا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في سلوفاكيا
مدربو منتخب التشيك الوطني لكرة القدم
مدربو منتخب النمسا لكرة القدم
مدربو نادي جيلينا لكرة القدم
مدربو نادي سيغما أولوموتس
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1939
مواليد في أولوموتس
لاعبو كرة قدم من إقليم أولوموتس
لاعبو كرة قدم من أولوموتس

كاريل بروكنر


Forfatterfunktionen er et litteraturteoretisk begreb, som den franske tænker Michel Foucault udviklede i essayet "Hvad er en forfatter?" fra 1969, hvori det er en central tese, at "forfatteren" er en diskursiv størrelse snarere end en "reel" forfatter. Dette betyder for Foucault, at i vore dages kultur er det kun visse tekster, der bærer en "forfatterfunktion." Således vil vi forbinde et litterært værk (fx en roman) med dens forfatter/ophavsmand (m/k), men vi vil ikke tænke på samme måde om et en grundbog i lægevidenskab. Ifølge den danske litterat Dag Heede mener Foucault, at idéen om "forfatteren" har en vigtig - men begrænsende - funktion i forhold til vores forståelse af en tekst. For Heede er forfatterfunktionen "en ideologisk størrelse, der som en slags spændetrøje lægges ned over moderne tekster og holder deres mangfoldige betydningsstrømme i skak." Foucault skriver således, at litteraturkritikkens forsøg på at studere flere tekster som et samlet hele beror på et "princip for en særlig enhed i skriften" der neutraliserer, som kan udfolde sig i en serie tekster." Ifølge litteraten Andrew Bennett er der en dobbelthed i Foucaults syn på forfatteren, for Foucaults interesse i, hvorfor folk i vore dage generelt er optaget af hvem der har lavet et udsagn hænger sammen med en modstand mod denne interesse i forfatteren. Foucault så hellere, at det var ubetydeligt, hvem der taler, dvs. hvem ophavsmanden (m/k) til en tekst er.

Argument
For Foucault er fremkomsten af begrebet "forfatter" et vigtigt punkt i individualiseringens idéhistorie og ifølge ham er "forfatteren" et så centralt begreb, at fænomener som litterære perioder (fx romantikken, det moderne gennembrud, postmoderne litteratur), eller filosofiske skoler (stoicismen, empirismen, kontinentalfilosofi) blegner i sammenligning. Forfatteren bliver - i sammenligning med disse andre begreber - som anset for at være en meget mere solid og grundlæggende enhed. Ifølge Foucault ændredes relationen mellem litterære og videnskabelige tekster i løbet af 1600-tallet og 1700-tallet. Før dette skifte var det kun videnskabelige teksters autoritet, der beroede på henvisningen til forfatternavnet. I løbet af den tidlige moderne periode ændredes denne relation. Efter dette skifte begyndte videnskabelige tekster at blive accepteret uden henvisning til deres ophavsmænd. I Foucaults ord, var der "engang, hvor de tekster, som vi i dag kalder "litterære" (fortællinger, eventyr, epos, tragedier, komedier), blev modtaget, sat i cirkulation, vurderet uden at spørgsmålet om deres forfatter skulle stilles." Videnskabens logik tilsagde, at det videnskabelige indhold ikke var afhængigt af, hvem der havde opnået til en bestemt erkendelse om fx himmellegemernes bevægelse. Litterære tekster begyndte derimod at være afhængige af at blive hængt op på deres ophavsmand (m/k). I moderne tid, skriver Foucault, er litterære værker "totally dominated by the sovereignty of the author."

Foucaults essay fokuserer især på relationen mellem teksten og forfatteren. Foucault mener, at det er en almindelig tanke (antageligvis i idéhistorie, litteraturvidenskab og humaniora mere generelt), at formålet med kritik ikke er at undersøge værkets forhold til forfatteren, men snarere at analysere værket ved at fokusere på dets opbygning og form. Foucault problematiserer i denne forbindelse, hvornår noget kan siges at være et værk. Skal vi fx forstå alle de tekster, som en forfatter har skrevet, som værker? Foucault bruger den tyske filosof Friedrich Nietzsche som eksempel. Vi vil almindeligvis henregne alle Nietzsches færdiggjorte bøger som værker, men bør vi også forstå hans tidligere udkast til disse bøger som "værker"? Og hvad hvis man finder et mødereferat skrevet af Nietzsche. Skal det så også forstås som værende et værk?  Foucault argumenterer for, at forfatternavnet forbundet til dets værker som fx når nogen siger "Aristoteles" bruger vedkommende et ord, der svarer til flere specifikke beskrivelser af denne tænker, fx grundlæggeren af ontologien m.v. Eller hvis man opdagede, at nogle af Shakespeares sonneter faktisk ikke var skrevet af ham eller hvis man opdagede, at Shakespeare havde forfattet nogle af Francis Bacons værker. Sådanne opdagelser ville for Foucault betyde, at betydningen af navnet "Shakespeare" ville ændre sig og derfor argumenterer Foucault for, at et forfatternavn ikke blot er et navn som så mange andre navne.

Beslægtede begreber
Ofte ses dette begreb diskuteret ift. Roland Barthes' idé om "forfatterens død" og Foucaults essay er da også blevet set som et modsvar på Barthes' begreb. Andre sammenligner forfatterfunktionen med Wayne Booths idé om "the implied author" eller W.K. Wimsatt og og Monroe Beardsleys idé om den intentionelle fejlslutning (en.: the intentional fallacy).

Kritik
Kritikere har beskyldt Foucaults essay for at være uklart skrevet. Andrew Bennett skriver, at essayet stedvist er "irriterende uigennemskueligt" (infuriatingly opaque).

Dansk oversættelse
 Michel Foucault, "Hvad er en forfatter?" Passepartout vol. 22 (2003): 9-29.

Noter

Humaniora
Litteratur

Forfatterfunktion


Yükseliş Dönemi Osmanlı Sadrazamları listesi:  Veli Mahmud Paşa'dan  Sokollu Mehmed Paşa'ya kadar yani 1453-1579 doneminde Osmanlı Sadrazamları listesidir. Yaklaşık 126 yılda 34 sadrazam vardır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Osmanlı Sadrazamları listesi
 Kuruluş Dönemi Osmanlı Sadrazamları listesi
 Duraklama Dönemi Osmanlı Sadrazamları listesi
 Gerileme Dönemi Osmanlı Sadrazamları listesi
 Dağılma Dönemi Osmanlı Sadrazamları listesi

Dış bağlantılar
 T.C. Devlet Arşivleri
 Osmanlı sadrazamları listesi

&Yükseliş dönemi
Sadrazam
Sadrazam
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndaki makam sahiplerinin listeleri

Yükseliş dönemi Osmanlı sadrazamları listesi


Milivoj Bolobanić (Olib, 15. veljače 1937.)  hrvatski je katolički svećenik, crkveni dužnosnik i pisac.

Životopis
Rođen je 15. veljače 1937. godine u Olibu. Osnovnu školu završio je 1947. godine, a klasičnu gimnaziju u Nadbiskupskom sjemeništu Zmajević 1954. godine, u Zadru. Teologiju je diplomirao 1962. na Katoličkom bogoslovnom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Za svećenika je zaređen 29. lipnja 1961. godine.

Kao župnik služio je u Privlaci, Zemuniku i u Svetištu Sv. Šime u Zadru, eskurirajući župu Crno. Tijekom Domovinskoga rata bio je župnik i dekan u Biogradu na Moru. Dekansku službu obavljao je i u Zemuničkome i Zadarskom dekanatu. U dva susljedna mandata bio je tajnik Svećeničkoga vijeća Zadarske nadbiskupije, a obnašao je i dužnost predsjednika Dijecezanskoga vijeća za pastoral mladih. Bio je predsjednik Dijecezanskoga vijeća za proslavu Velikog Jubileja 2000. godine kršćanstva. Obavljao je i odgovornu službu generalnog vikara Zadarske nadbiskupije te bio župnik u katedrali Sv. Stošije. Od 2006. godine župnik je Župe Marije Kraljice mira u Zadru.

Autor je knjige Kako prepoznati zamke Zloga, čiji je predgovor napisao don Gabriele Amorth.
Član je Cenakula.

Djela
 Svetište zadarskog zaštitnika sv. Šimuna, 1973. (priredio)
 Kako prepoznati zamke Zloga (1999.)
 Molitva za nutarnje ozdravljenje, (2005., članak)
 Ovce moje slušaju glas moj : razmatranje Božje riječi za vjernike : godina C (2010.)
 Hrabro samo! Ja sam! Ne bojte se! : razmatranja Božje riječi za vjernike : godina A (2011.)
 Bdijte, jer ne znate dana ni časa! : razmatranja Božje riječi za vjernike : godina B (2011.)

Bibliografija
 Tatjana Stupin Lukašević, Misionari svjetlosti : odabrani intervjui iz "Narodnog lista", Narodni list, Zadar, 2003., ISBN 9536304112
 Predstavljena trilogija don Milivoja Bolobanića, Tjedni bilten 27/2011., str. 10 (elektronička inačica)

Poveznice
 Josip Blažević
 Smiljan Kožul

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Mrežna mjesta
 Don Milivoj Bolobanić: Zašto Bog dopušta djelovanje zlog duha, www.bitno.net

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Hrvatski rimokatolički teolozi

Milivoj Bolobanić


ICC ලෝක ටෙස්ට් ශූරතාවලිය 2019 දී ආරම්භ වීමට නියමිත ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් කවුන්සිලය විසින් මෙහෙයවනු ලබන ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් තරගාවලියකි.

2017 ඔක්තෝබර් මාසයේදී, ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් කවුන්සිලය විසින් එහි සාමාජිකයින් ටෙස්ට් ලීග් සම්මේලනය එකඟ වී ඇති බව නිවේදනය කළේය. ලෝක ශූරතා ලීග් ශූරතාවලියේ අවසාන මහා තරගයට සුදුසුකම් ලැබීම සඳහා හොඳම කණ්ඩායම් දෙකටම වසර දෙකක කාලයක් ක්‍රීඩා කළ යුතුය.

සහභාගී වන කණ්ඩායම්
වර්තමානයේ ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් කවුන්සිලයේ පිළිගත් ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩා කරන රටවල් 12 ට පමණක් තරගාවලිය සඳහා සහභාගී විය හැකිය. 2025 දී සමාරම්භක තරඟාවලිය ආරම්භ වේ. 2017 සහ 2021 තරඟාවලි අවලංගු කිරීමෙන් පසු අයිසීසී ශූරයන්ගේ කුසලානය ඉදිරියට ගෙනයාම සඳහා රූපවාහිනී සමාගම් විසින් බලපෑම් එල්ල විය.

තරගාවලි ඉතිහාසය

මුලාශ්‍ර

අයිසීසී ටෙස්ට් ලෝක ශූරතාවය


Casa Anne Frank (în ) este o casă memorială și un muzeu biografic dedicat diaristei evreice din timpul războiului Anne Frank. Imobilul este situat pe malul canalului Prinsengracht, aproape de Westerkerk, în centrul orașului Amsterdam din Olanda.

În timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, Anne Frank s-a ascuns de persecuția nazistă, împreună cu familia ei și cu alți patru oameni în camerele ascunse din spatele casei de pe canal din secolul al XVII-lea, cunoscute sub numele de Anexa Secretă (în ). Anne Frank nu a supraviețuit războiului, dar în 1947 a fost publicat jurnalul ei din timpul războiului. În 1957 a fost înființată Fundația Anne Frank pentru a proteja clădirea de dezvoltatorii imobiliari care voiau să o demoleze.

Muzeul a fost deschis pe 3 mai 1960. Ascunzătoarea conține o expoziție permanentă cu privire la viața Annei Frank și la perioada în care a trăit aceasta și are un spațiu de expoziție deschis tuturor formelor de persecuție și de discriminare. În 2013 și 2014, muzeul a avut 1,2 milioane de vizitatori și a fost al 3-lea cel mai vizitat muzeu din Olanda, după Rijksmuseum și Muzeul Van Gogh.

Istoria clădirii

Casa de pe canal

Casa — și imobilul vecin de la numărul 265, care a fost achiziționat mai târziu de către muzeu - a fost construită de către Dirk van Delft în 1635. Fațada dinspre canal datează din perioada unei renovări efectuate în 1740, atunci când anexa din spate a fost demolată. Ea a fost inițial o locuință particulară, apoi un depozit, iar în secolul al XIX-lea depozitul din față cu uși încăpătoare a fost folosit ca grajd pentru cai. La începutul secolului al XX-lea, un producător de aparate de uz casnic a ocupat clădirea, apoi a locuit aici începând din 1930 un producător de role pentru pian mecanic, care a eliberat proprietatea în 1939.

Al Doilea Război Mondial
Pe 1 decembrie 1940 Otto Frank (tatăl Annei Frank) s-a mutat birourile companiilor de condimente și gelifianți Opekta și Pectacon, dintr-o clădire de pe canalul Singel în clădirea din Prinsengracht 263.

Parterul era format din trei secțiuni: partea din față era spațiul pentru intrarea și expedierea mărfurilor, secțiunea de mijloc din spatele ei în care se aflau mașinile ce produceau condimentele și partea din spate, care era parterul anexei, a fost depozitul în care mărfurile erau ambalate pentru distribuție. La primul etaj se aflau birourile angajaților lui Frank; Miep Gies, Bep Voskuijl (cunoscută în jurnalul Annei Frank ca Elli) și Johannes Kleiman în față, biroul lui Victor Kugler era în mijloc, iar biroul din spate al lui Otto Frank se afla deasupra depozitului și sub podeaua căruia se va ascunde mai târziu împreună cu familia lui, timp de doi ani, până la trădarea lor către autoritățile naziste.

Achterhuis (termenul neerlandez pentru "casa din spate") sau Anexa Secretă — așa cum a fost numit în Jurnalul Annei Frank — este extensia din spate a clădirii. Ea era ascunsă vederii de case de pe toate cele patru laturi ale patrulaterului. Poziția sa retrasă a făcut-o un loc ideal de ascunzătoare pentru Otto Frank, soția lui, Edith, cele două fiice (dintre care Anne era cea mai tânără) și alți patru evrei care căutau refugiu din calea persecuțiilor naziste. Deși suprafața totală a spațiului de locuit de la parter era doar de aproximativ 46 m2, Anne Frank a scris în jurnalul ei că era relativ luxos în comparație cu alte ascunzători de care auzise. Ei au rămas ascunși aici timp de doi ani și o lună până când au fost trădați de o persoană anonimă către autoritățile naziste, fiind arestați și deportați în lagărele de concentrare. Din cei opt membri ai grupului ce a locuit în ascunzătoare, numai Otto Frank a supraviețuit lagărelor de concentrare.

După arestarea celor aflați în ascunzătoare, locul a fost golit prin ordinul polițiștilor și toate bunurile (haine, mobilier și obiecte personale) familiei Frank și ale prietenilor lor au fost confiscate și distribuite familiilor rămase fără adăpost în urma bombardării unor orașe din Germania. Înainte de golirea clădirii, Miep Gies și Bep Voskuijl, care ajutaseră la ascunderea familiilor, s-au întors în ascunzătoare împotriva ordinelor poliției olandeze și au salvat câteva obiecte personale. Printre obiectele pe care le-au luat au fost și caietele ce formau Jurnalul Annei Frank.

Publicarea jurnalului
După ce Otto Frank s-a întors la Amsterdam, el a primit hârtiile și jurnalul Annei și le-a transcris selectiv într-o carte publicată în limba neerlandeză, în 1947, sub titlul Het Achterhuis, pe care Anne l-a ales ca titlu al memoriilor ei sau al romanului bazat pe experiențele ei din perioada în care a stat ascunsă. Achterhuis este un termen arhitectonic olandez care se referă la partea din spate a unei case (folosit prin comparație cu Voorhuis, care înseamnă partea din față a unei case), dar, cu toate acestea, atunci când s-a început traducerea în limba engleză s-a realizat că mulți cititori de limbă engleză s-ar putea să nu fie familiarizați cu termenul și s-a decis că un termen mai evocator (Anexa Secretă) ar transmite mai bine poziția ascunsă a camerelor din clădire. Contribuția lui Otto Frank la jurnal a fost recunoscută, iar el este considerat azi drept coautor.

Istoria muzeului

La scurt timp după ce cartea a fost publicată, vizitatorii au început să-i caute pe angajați care au ascuns familiile și au putut vedea camerele secrete. Dar prin 1955 compania s-a mutat într-un sediu nou și întregul bloc din care făcea parte clădirea a fost vândut unui agent imobiliar care a obținut o decizie de demolare cu intenția de a construi o fabrică în acel loc. O campanie pentru a salva clădirea și a o lista ca monument protejat a fost inițiată de către ziarul olandez Het Vrije Volk pe 23 noiembrie 1955. Clădirea a fost salvată de manifestanții care au organizat un protest în fața clădirii în ziua stabilită pentru demolare.

Fundația Anne Frank a fost înființată de către Otto Frank și Johannes Kleiman la 3 mai 1957, cu scopul principal de a strânge suficiente fonduri pentru achiziționarea și restaurarea clădirii. În luna octombrie a acelui an, compania care deținea clădirea a donat-o Fundației ca un gest de bunăvoință. Fondurile colectate au fost apoi folosite pentru achiziționarea casei vecine, de la nr. 265, cu puțin timp înainte ca restul clădirilor să fie demolate așa cum era planificat. Clădirea a fost deschisă ca muzeu în anul 1960.

Fosta ascunzătoare a Annei Frank a atras un mare interes, mai ales ca urmare a traducerilor și dramatizărilor Jurnalului care au făcut din ea o figură cunoscută în întreaga lume. Peste 9.000 de vizitatori au venit în primul an. După un deceniu ei erau de două ori mai mulți. De-a lungul anilor clădirea a trebuit să fie renovată pentru a gestiona un număr atât de mare de vizitatori și a fost închisă temporar în 1970 și în 1999.

Pe 9 septembrie 2001 regina Beatrix a Țărilor de Jos a redeschis muzeul, care încorporează acum întreaga clădire, conținând spații expoziționale, o librărie și o cafenea, iar birourile din casa din față au fost reconstruite așa cum arătau în anii 1940. În 2007 peste un milion de persoane au vizitat muzeul.

În muzeu este expus Premiul Oscar câștigat de Shelley Winters, donat ulterior muzeului, pentru interpretarea Petronellei van Daan în filmul Jurnalul Annei Frank (1959). Premiul se află acum într-o cutie din sticlă antiglonț din muzeu.

În 1998 a fost deschis Anne Frank Zentrum la Berlin, după finalizarea unui acord de cooperare cu Casa Anne Frank.

Administrația

Ronald Leopold a fost director executiv al muzeului din 2011 și Garance Reus-Deelder a fost director administrativ din 2012.

Muzeul a avut 1.152.888 de vizitatori în 2012, 1.195.456 de vizitatori în 2013 și 1.227.462 vizitatori în 2014. El a fost al 3-lea cel mai vizitat muzeu din Olanda în 2013 și 2014, după Rijksmuseum și Muzeul Van Gogh.

Muzeul este membru al Museumvereniging (Asociația Muzeelor).

Referințe

Legături externe
 Casa Anne Frank, site-ul oficial

Vezi și
 Copacul Annei Frank
 Centrul Educațional Anne Frank
 Anne Frank Zentrum

Anne Frank

Casa Anne Frank


Izvorul din satul Stroiești este un monument al naturii de tip hidrologic în raionul Rîbnița, Stînga Nistrului, Republica Moldova. Este amplasat în satul Stroiești. Ocupă o suprafață de 1 ha. Obiectul este administrat de Întreprinderea Agricolă "Iscra".

Galerie de imagini

Referințe

Legături externe

Stroiești, Izvorul din satul
Stroiești
Raionul Rîbnița

Izvorul din satul Stroiești


Darren Aronofsky, (d. 12 Şubat 1969; Brooklyn, New York) Amerikalı film yönetmeni ve senarist.

Hayatı
Anne babası ilkokul öğretmeniydi. Öğrenimini Edward R. Murrow High School'da tamamladı. 1987 yılında Harvard Üniversitesi, aksiyon ve animasyon bölümüne girdi. 1991 yılında mezun oldu. 1996 yılında Pi adlı filmini yaptı. 1998 yılında gösterime giren "Pi" ile Sundance Film Festivali'nde yönetmen ödülünü kazandı. Sonraki filmi Requiem for a Dream oldu. Hubert Selby Jr. romanından aynı isimle sinemaya uyarladı. 2000 yılında Cannes Film Festivali'nde 13 dakikası gösterilen film, Ekim 2000'de ABD'de gösterime girdi. Daha sonra, yapımını, yazarlığını ve yönetmenliğini yaptığı The Fountain geldi. 2002'de başladığı film, başrol oyuncusunun ayrılması ile durdu. 2005'te tekrar çekimlere başlanan filmin 2006'da gösterime girdi.

Özel hayatı
Aronofsky, İngiliz aktris Rachel Weisz ile nişanlandı. 31 Mayıs 2006 yılında Henry Chance adında bir oğlu oldu. 2010 yılında ayrıldı.

Yönettiği filmler

 Balina - The Whale (2022)

 anne! (2017)
 Nuh (2014)
 Siyah Kuğu (2010)
 Şampiyon (2009)
 The Fountain (2006)
 Bir Rüya İçin Ağıt - Requiem for a Dream (2000) (Delusion Over Addiction olarak da bilinir.)
 π (1998)
 No Time (1994) (öğrenci filmi - genel dağıtımı yapılmadı.)
 Protozoa (1993) (öğrenci filmi - genel dağıtımı yapılmadı.)
 Fortune Cookie (1991) (öğrenci filmi - genel dağıtımı yapılmadı.)
 Supermarket Sweep (1991) (öğrenci filmi - genel dağıtımı yapılmadı.)

1969 doğumlular
Amerikalı film yönetmenleri
Amerikalı senaristler
Harvard Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Yahudi asıllı Amerikalılar
Yaşayan insanlar
Amerikalı film yapımcıları
Çevrimiçi Sinema Eleştirmenleri Topluluğu En İyi Yönetmen Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Yönetmen Bağımsız Ruh Ödülü sahipleri

Darren Aronofsky


Mahmud-beg Tuzlić (u. 1858., Rodos), bosanskohercegovački visoki dužnosnik, jedan od vođa velikog ustanka bosanskih muslimana.

Životopis
Sin Sulejman-bega. Godine 1805. je poslije smrti strica Murad-bega preuzeo Tuzlansku kapetaniju, čiji su kapetani nasljedno bili iz obitelji Tuzlića. Mahmud-beg bio je vrlo revan u obnašanju dužnosti. Zbog toga je stekao čin i naslov paše te su ga zvali Tuzla-paša ili Mahmud-paša Tuzlo, te se od tad njegovi nasljednici zovu Tuzlići. Dužnost kapetana nije obnašao do smrti. Još 1833. dužnost je predao sinu Osman-begu, no već 1835. kapetanije su ukinute.

Rusija i Osmansko carstvo su 2. rujna 1829. godine sklopile mir u Drinopolju. Mirovni uvjeti za Osmanlije bili su priznati autonomiju Grčkoj i Srbiji vratiti šest okupiranih nahija iz Karađorđeve Srbije, i Srbiji je osiguran međunarodni položaj i osigurana samoupravu. Visoka Porta je odredila novu politiku za Bosnu i Hercegovinu. Namijenila je uspostavu drastičnih reformi koje su pogađale visoko plemstvo i dužnosnike. Svim tamošnjim prvacima to nije bilo u prilog, ni agama, begovima ni kapetanima. Kapetani zabrinuti za svoje koristi održali su 1830. sastanak u konacima Husein-kapetana Gradaščevića te 5. veljače 1831. godine i u Tuzli, u konaku kod tuzlanskog kapetana Mahmud-paše Tuzlića, djeda Bakir-bega Tuzlića.  Oduprijeti se reformama pobunom bio je zaključak, a izabrani vođa otpora bio je Husein-kapetan Gradaščević. Urotnici su bili isprve uspješni, ali vođu su im uhvatili na prijevaru.

Bosna nije bila pokorena pa je 1850. Velika Porta poslala Omer-pašu Latasa ugušiti ustanak i sprovesti planirane reforme. Latas je učinkovito i krvavo sproveo danu mu zadaću. Gospodar Podrinja i Posavine, Tuzla–paša, tj. Mahmud-paša Tuzlić, sklonio se preko granice u Hrvatsku, u Vinkovce. Latas ga je namamio obećanjima "časnu vojničku riječ" nazad u Tuzlu, no tad je prekršio riječ, zarobio Tuzlića i prisvojio ogromno Tuzlićevo blago. Zarobljeni Mahmud je u ponižavajućem položaju odveden u Sarajevo: Latas je ujahao u Sarajevo na arapu, a iza njega trojica redovnih vojnika na jastucima su nosili zarobljene Mahmudove insignije: draguljima ukrašenu sablju, nož i zlatom optočenu pušku. Zarobljeni umorni slomljeni Mahmud postavljen je neka jaše mršavu kljusinu. Pratili su ga tuzlanski kadija i još sedmorica posavskih prvaka jašući na samaricama, a pozadi njih je pješačeći glavinjala skupina ostalih posavskih prvaka povezanih u drugi zajednički sindžir. Latas je stavio u lance Mahmud pašu, Mahmud-pašinu rodbinu i istomišljenike te ih sproveo do Sarajeva, pa do Carigrada i konočno na otok Rodos.

Umro je 1858. u izgnanstvu na Rodosu, gdje ga je poslao Omer-paša Latas. I Mahmud-begov sin Osman-beg Tuzlić bio je u zatočeništvu. Vratio se šest godina poslije očeve smrti i obnovio Mahmud-begovu kuću i poznati Tuzlića konak.

Izvori

Životopisi, Tuzla
Bosna i Hercegovina u Osmanskom Carstvu

Mahmud-paša Tuzlić


Embarquement pour l'enfer () est un téléfilm américano-franco-germano-italien réalisé par Alberto Negrin et primodiffusé en 1990.

Il s'agit d'une évocation du détournement du paquebot Achille Lauro, qui a eu lieu en 1985 dans le port d'Alexandrie par un commando palestinien, et de la crise de Sigonella qui a suivi.

Synopsis
En octobre 1985, un groupe de terroristes palestiniens de l'OLP s'embarque sur le navire de croisière italien Achille Lauro à Alexandrie dans le but de rejoindre Haïfa et d'accomplir une mission suicide contre Israël. Cependant, lorsqu'ils sont découverts pendant le voyage, ils décident de détourner le navire et de prendre tous les passagers en otage. Parmi eux se trouvent M. Leon Klinghoffer (Burt Lancaster), un Américain juif handicapé, et sa femme Marilyn Klinghoffer, qui cache à son mari qu'elle a un cancer de la peau. Antonio, un membre du personnel du navire qui se lie à Leon après s'être occupé de lui à la demande de Mme Klinghoffer, est également pris en otage. Avant le détournement, Mme Klinghoffer avait décidé de rester sur le navire et de ne pas partir en excursion pour voir les pyramides. Compte tenu de la situation, les terroristes changent d'objectif et demandent la libération de près de 50 autres terroristes palestiniens détenus en Israël, mais l'Égypte et Israël refusent de négocier.

Lorsque même la Syrie refuse l'entrée de l'Achille Lauro à Tartous, le chef des terroristes, Molqi (Joseph Nasser), tue Léon en représailles et oblige deux marins à jeter son corps par-dessus bord et les Syriens contraignent le navire à partir.

Pour résoudre la situation, le chef de l'OLP, Yasser Arafat, ordonne à l'un de ses hommes, Abou Abbas (qui est l'organisateur de la mission ratée), d'agir comme négociateur avec le gouvernement égyptien. Grâce à lui, les terroristes libèrent le navire et les otages en échange d'un retour en toute sécurité à Tunis.

Cependant, immédiatement après le départ d'Abbas et des terroristes pour Tunis à bord d'un avion de ligne égyptien, l'exécution de Klinghoffer est découverte par les autorités. Molqi oblige le capitaine de l'Achille Lauro à mentir sur le meurtre devant les négociateurs, puisque la condition de la négociation était sa parole que tous les passagers étaient vivants. Le président américain Ronald Reagan ordonne alors à la marine américaine d'intercepter l'avion de ligne et de le forcer à atterrir sur la base sicilienne de l'OTAN à Sigonella, où les terroristes pourront être arrêtés par un détachement de la Delta Force commandé par le général Davies.

Lorsque l'avion réussit à atterrir à Sigonella, l'armée italienne, sur ordre du Premier ministre Bettino Craxi, refuse de livrer les terroristes à l'armée américaine, puisque la base est située sur le sol italien et que le meurtre lui-même a eu lieu à bord d'un navire italien.

Pendant toute une nuit, la tension monte, les forces de sécurité de la  et les carabiniers étant presque sur le point d'échanger des coups de feu avec les opérateurs de Delta, mais finalement le président Reagan n'a d'autre choix que de respecter la juridiction italienne sur les terroristes. Molqi et ses trois compagnons sont alors placés en détention par les Italiens, tandis qu'Abou Abbas est laissé libre de quitter le pays, malgré la demande américaine de l'arrêter, car il n'y a pas assez de preuves de son implication dans le détournement du navire.

Un an plus tard, un bulletin d'information de la télévision annonce les peines infligées aux pirates de l'air, mais précise qu'Abou Abbas n'est pas en prison. Antonio se met à pleurer en se souvenant de Léon.

Fiche technique
 Titre français : Embarquement pour l'enfer
 Titre original italien :  ou
 Titre allemand :
 Titre américain :
 Réalisation : Alberto Negrin
 Scénario : Alberto Negrin, Sergio Donati
 Photographie : Giuseppe Ruzzolini
 Montage : Richard E. Rabjohn
 Musique : Ennio Morricone
 Production : Mario Gallo, Enzo Giulioni
 Société de production : Radiotelevisione Italiana (Rome), Beta Film GmbH (Ismaning), TF1 Films Production (Paris),  (Los Angeles)
 Pays de production :  •  •  •
 Langue de tournage : italien, anglais
 Format : Couleur - 1,33:1 - Son mono - 35 mm
 Durée : 180 minutes ()
 Genre : Action
 Date de diffusion :
 États-Unis :
 Allemagne :  (ARD)
 Italie :  (Rai 3)

Distribution
Burt Lancaster (VF : André Valmy) : Leon Klinghoffer
Eva Marie Saint : Marilyn Klinghoffer
Dominique Sanda : Margot
Robert Culp : Général Davies
Renzo Montagnani : De Rosa
Alessandra Casella
Joseph Nasser : Molqi
Rebecca Schaeffer : Cheryl
Gabriele Ferzetti
Jochen Horst : Helmut
Brian Bloom : Antonio

Production
Le film est dédié à la mémoire de Rebecca Schaeffer, qui a été assassinée peu de temps après la fin du tournage.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Téléfilm italien des années 1990
Téléfilm américain des années 1990
Téléfilm allemand des années 1990
Téléfilm français des années 1990
Téléfilm diffusé en 1990
Téléfilm d'action
Film réalisé par Alberto Negrin
Film scénarisé par Sergio Donati
Film avec une musique composée par Ennio Morricone
Film italien inspiré de faits réels
Film américain inspiré de faits réels
Film allemand inspiré de faits réels
Film français inspiré de faits réels
Téléfilm se déroulant dans les années 1980
Téléfilm de la RAI
Émission diffusée sur Rai 2
Téléfilm de TF1
Téléfilm en anglais
Film sur le détournement de bateau
Film se déroulant dans la mer Méditerranée

Embarquement pour l'enfer


Çin
 Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi - Çin'in en batısında bir bölge

Türkiye
 Sincan, Tutak - Ağrı ili Tutak ilçesine bağlı köy
 Sincan, Ankara - Ankara'nın ilçelerinden biri
 Sincan, Divriği - Sivas ili Divriği ilçesine bağlı belde

Sincan (anlam ayrımı)


Kolléram (auch: Dakoléram, Koléram) ist eine Landgemeinde im Departement Mirriah in Niger.

Geographie
Kolléram liegt in der Sahelzone. Die Nachbargemeinden sind Gaffati im Norden, Mirriah im Nordosten, Gouna im Südosten, Dogo im Südwesten und die Regionalhauptstadt Zinder im Westen. Bei den Siedlungen im Gemeindegebiet handelt es sich um 14 Dörfer und 16 Weiler. Der Hauptort der Landgemeinde ist das Dorf Kolléram.

Der Norden der Landgemeinde besteht aus Niederungen mit eingestreuten Granitfelsen. Im Osten erstrecken sich sandige Ebenen und im Süden gibt es eine Abfolge von fixen und beweglichen Sanddünen. Die Landschaft hat den Charakter einer Baumsavanne. In Kolléram wachsen in hoher Dichte Affenbrotbäume (Adansonia digitata), deren Blätter, Früchte und Samen zu beliebten Nahrungsmitteln und Kosmetika weiterverarbeitet werden. Andere Baumarten in der Gemeinde sind unter anderem der Anabaum (Faidherbia albida), die Wüstendattel (Balanites aegyptiaca), die Arabische Gummi-Akazie (Vachellia nilotica), der Tamarindenbaum (Tamarindus indica) und Prosopis africana. Zu den hier verbreiteten Gräsern zählen Cenchrus biflorus, Cymbopogon proximus, Cyperus rotundus und Dactyloctenium aegyptium.

Geschichte
Kolléram wurde 2002 im Zuge einer landesweiten Verwaltungsreform als eigenständige Landgemeinde aus dem Kanton Baban Tapki herausgelöst. Dessen Hauptort Baban Tapki fiel als Teil von Zinder V an den Gemeindeverbund Zinder.

Bevölkerung
Bei der Volkszählung 2012 hatte die Landgemeinde 29.583 Einwohner, die in 4915 Haushalten lebten. Bei der Volkszählung 2001 betrug die Einwohnerzahl 18.526 in 3335 Haushalten.

Im Hauptort lebten bei der Volkszählung 2012 8913 Einwohner in 1524 Haushalten, bei der Volkszählung 2001 5540 in 996 Haushalten und bei der Volkszählung 1988 3576 in 635 Haushalten.

In ethnischer Hinsicht ist die Gemeinde ein Siedlungsgebiet von Damagarawa, Kanuri, Fulbe und Tuareg.

Politik
Der Gemeinderat (conseil municipal) hat 12 gewählte Mitglieder. Mit den Kommunalwahlen 2020 sind die Sitze im Gemeinderat wie folgt verteilt: 6 MNSD-Nassara, 4 ARD-Adaltchi Mutunchi, 1 PNDS-Tarayya und 1 RDR-Tchanji.

Jeweils ein traditioneller Ortsvorsteher (chef traditionnel) steht an der Spitze der 14 Dörfer in der Gemeinde, darunter dem Hauptort.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Die Hauptbeschäftigungen in Kolléram sind Ackerbau und Viehzucht, ferner Handel und Handwerk. Die Gemeinde liegt in einer Zone, in der Regenfeldbau betrieben wird.

Gesundheitszentren des Typs Centre de Santé Intégré (CSI) sind im Hauptort und im Dorf Dineye vorhanden. Das Gesundheitszentrum im Hauptort verfügt über ein eigenes Labor und eine Entbindungsstation. Der CEG Kolléram ist eine allgemein bildende Schule der Sekundarstufe des Typs Collège d'Enseignement Général (CEG). Beim Centre de Formation aux Métiers de Kolléram (CFM Kolléram) handelt es sich um ein Berufsausbildungszentrum.

An der asphaltierten Nationalstraße 1, der längsten Fernstraße Nigers, liegt das Dorf Kagna Magassa. Zwei wenig ausgebaute Landstraßen führen zur Nationalstraße 1: die 3,63 Kilometer lange Route 758 aus dem Hauptort Kolléram und die 3,59 Kilometer lange Route 760 aus dem zur Gemeinde gehörenden Dorf Baouchéri.

Persönlichkeiten
 Laouan Magagi (* 1960), Politiker, geboren im zu Kolléram gehörenden Dorf Dineye

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Niger
Zinder (Region)
Ort in Afrika

Kolléram


دراكول ميهوك هو شخصية من أنمي ون بيس ويُلقب بعين الصقر، ميهوك هو القرصان الذي يعتبر أقوى سياف في العالم و كان أحد أمراء البحر السبعة (شيتشيبوكاي). ولذلك، يجب على زورو الكفاح من أجل استكمال حلمه وهزيمته لكي يصبح هو أقوى سياف في العالم.

ظهور

 أول ظهور له في الأنمي: الحلقة 24

 أول ظهور له في المانغا: الفصل 50

قصة حياته
في السابق كان منافساً لإمبراطور البحر «اليونكو» ذو الشعر الأحمر (شانكس)، ومستقبلاً أصبح أحد الشيتشيبوكاي (مساعدي حكومة العالم)، يرفض مبارزة شانكس عندما علم أنه قد فقد يده اليسرى في سبيل إنقاذ مونكي دي لوفي، إتجه ميهوك إلى شانكس عندما رأى القبعة القشية الخاصة بشانكس يرتديها لوفي.

قطع ميهوك وعداً لشانكس بأن لا يعترض طريق لوفي ألا إذا تحتم الأمر، وقد حدث ذلك فعلاً في معركة قراصنة اللحية البيضاء ضد البحرية.

اسم سيف ميهوك: سيف الليل ذو النصل الأسود.

نبذة بسيطة
هذا السيف ذو النصل الأسود.. من أقوى السيوف في العالم .. قام بقطع الجليد عندما لاح بسيفه في وجه ملك القراصنة المُستقبلي، مونكي دي لوفي. يسافر ميهوك حول العالم على طوافة على هيئة تابوت وفيها شمعتان ملتهبتان بلهب اخضر وشراع اسود ومقعد وحيد، وهو يستطيع أن يعبر به عبر المحيطات العديمة الرحمة والقاسية، ومن ضمنها الجراند لاين، وهو الآن المبارز الأقوى في العالم، وهزيمته تعتبر الهدف الأول لرورونوا زورو، وهو قوي جداً، يستطيع أن يقطع بسيفه سفن القراصنة إرباً إرباً وإلى قطع غير مرئية، وأيضاً يستطيع أن يبعد الرصاص بأطراف سيفه، وهو يستطيع أن يدافع و بسهولة ضد السيوف الأسطورية، سيفه يـُعتبر سيفه من أقوى السيوف في عالم «ون بيس» ويبلغ طوله 6 أقدام وقد قسم به سفينة القرصان دون كريج إلى نصفين.

يجدر بالذكر أن في استطلاع الفانز الأخير لون بيس لأفضل الشخصيات، ميهوك حصل على المركز الثامن والمركز الأول كأكثر شخصية محبوبة في الأنمي مما يجعله الشخص الأكثر شعبية خارج طاقم لوفي.

خلال الفترة التي تفرّق فيها طاقم لوفي، كوما أرسل زورو إلى جزيرة ميهوك الخاصة جزيرة نائية لا يوجد فيها إلا حضارة انتهت و فتاة الهولو و قصر ميهوك

قام عين الصقر (ميهوك) بتدريب زورو بعد أن طلب منه أن يقضي على القردة الناسخة للحركات فأجاب زورو بأنه قد قضى عليها كلها، فبدأ تدريب ميهوك لزورو، بعد السنتين ظهر زورو بعين واحدة، وهذا يدل على قسوة تدريبات ميهوك.

مراجع

شخصيات ون بيس
سيافون خياليون
أمراء حرب خياليون
قراصنة خياليون

ميهوك


كارلو دي كوزيمو دي ميديشي (فلورنسا، 1428 أو 1430 - فلورنسا، 29 مايو 1492) رجل دين وقس إيطالي، ابن غير شرعي لكوزيمو دي ميديشي (الأكبر) من أمـَـة شركسية تدعى مادالينا.

ألحقه والده بالسلك الديني . بعد أن أصبح كاهن مرتل لمنطقة فلورنسا عام 1450 ، تم تعيينه رئيساً لكنيسة سانتا ماريا في موجيلو و لكنيسة سان دوناتو دي كالنسانو (حيث بنى باحتها المتناسقة).

أصبح أباتي لكنيسة سان سالفاتوري في فايانو ، كما كان قد عـُيـّن الجابي العام والسفير البابوي في توسكانا.

صار وهو متقدم في السن رئيس رهبان براتو عام 1460. بقيت له لوحة مزعومة بريشة أندريا مانتينيا محفوظة في الأوفيتسي

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
  المصدر: Archivio online di documenti sulla famiglia Medici

أشخاص من فلورنسا
رجال دين من فلورنسا
قساوسة كاثوليك رومانيون في القرن 15
مواليد عقد 1420
مواليد في فلورنسا
ميديشي
نبلاء من فلورنسا
وفيات 1492
وفيات في فلورنسا

كارلو دي كوزيمو دي ميديشي


Livadia () este o municipalitate și o suburbie a orașului Larnaca,
Cipru. Are o populație de 7206 de locuitori (în anul 2011). Livadia se află la câțiva kilometri nord de Larnaca.

Referințe și note

Legături externe
http://www.livadia.org.cy/ Site-ul oficial

Districtul Larnaca
Orașe din Cipru

Livadia, Larnaca


أكتوبر 2008 هو الشهر العاشر في عام 2008، بدأ يوم الأربعاء، وأنتهى يوم الجمعة، وأمتد لواحد وثلاثين يومًا.

بوابة:أحداث جارية

مراجع

2008 حسب اليوم
أكتوبر
شهور في عقد 2000

أكتوبر 2008


Robert Gouby, né le  à Vernois-sur-Mance et mort pour la France le  à Vilbert, est un militaire français, Compagnon de la Libération. Jeune aviateur, il se rallie à la France libre en 1940 et suis la formation de pilote de la Royal Air Force. Cumulant de nombreuses missions de combat, il abat neuf appareils ennemis, faisant de lui un As de l'aviation. Il meurt dans le crash de son avion au cours d'un combat contre un convoi allemand.

Biographie

Jeunesse et engagement

Robert Gouby naît le 29 octobre 1919 à Vernois-sur-Mance, en Haute-Saône, au sein d'un couple de commerçants. En 1933, il devient apprenti-pâtissier à Bourbonne-les-Bains puis apprenti-cuisinier en 1935. Passionné par les avions, il passe un brevet de pilotage civil en novembre 1937 puis s'engage dans l'Armée de l'air en mai 1938. Affecté au  bataillon de l'air sur la BA de Rayak au Liban en juillet suivant, il passe le concours de sous-officier navigant à la BA d'Istres en février 1939. Il est ensuite muté, en avril 1939, au  bataillon de l'air de la BA de Cazaux où il officie comme mitrailleur.

Seconde Guerre mondiale

Stagiaire à l'école de pilotage militaire de Bourges, il obtient son brevet et rejoint la BA d'Avord voisine en septembre 1939. Promu caporal-chef puis sergent en février 1940, il assiste trois mois plus tard au bombardement de sa base par la Luftwaffe. Le personnel d'Avord se replie alors vers La Jarne en Charente-Maritime, puis vers les Pyrénées d'où Robert Gouby et quelques camarades cherche à passer en Afrique du Nord pour continuer le combat. Embarqué à Bayonne le 21 juin 1940, il arrive à Casablanca où il apprend que les troupes françaises locales resteront fidèles au tout nouveau régime de Vichy. Il décide alors de se rallier à la France libre et embarque à nouveau vers Gibraltar puis l'Angleterre où il parvient au milieu du mois de juillet 1940.

Engagé dans les forces aériennes françaises libres, Robert Gouby est d'abord basé sur l'aérodrome de Saint-Athan avant d'intégrer, le 3 août 1940, l'école de pilotage de la Royal Air Force (RAF) sur la base d'Odiham. Breveté pilote de la RAF avec la mention « exceptionnel », il est affecté en juin 1941 au Service Flying Training School  (SFTS ) puis deux mois plus tard au SFTS  avant de terminer son cursus de formation de décembre 1941 à mars 1942 à l'Operationnal Training Unit . Désormais pleinement opérationnel, il est affecté au  Squadron RAF puis au  Squadron RAF. Promu adjudant en juillet 1942, il est muté le 9 septembre suivant au Groupe de chasse Île-de-France. Dès lors, il enchaîne les missions de combat au-dessus de la Manche et des territoires occupés par le  Reich. Le 2 novembre 1942, il remporte sa première victoire aérienne en abbatant un Fw 190 et est cité à l'ordre de l'armée. Promu aspirant en décembre, il connaît une seconde victoire le même mois puis une troisième en janvier, endommageant également un autre ennemi et rapportant une nouvelle citation. Le 20 janvier 1943, il abat le même jour deux Fw 190 et probablement un troisième. Promu sous-lieutenant le mois suivant, il reçoit une troisième citation pour son doublé de janvier. Rapidement promu lieutenant, il abat encore deux appareils ennemi en mars 1943 et en endommage un troisième. En octobre 1943, il est muté au  Squadron RAF et, en novembre, abat son huitième Fw 190 dans le secteur de Cherbourg. En mars 1944, il est muté au  Squadron RAF et remporte sa neuvième victoire le 17 juin en pleine bataille de Normandie.

Le 14 août 1944, aux commandes de son Spitfire au-dessus de Vilbert en Seine-et-Marne, le lieutenant Gouby attaque en rase-motte un convoi allemand. Vraisemblablement victime d'un incident technique, il perd le contrôle de son appareil dont l'aile heurte un arbre. Robert Gouby meurt dans le crash de son avion. Titulaire de neuf victoires aériennes homologuées, il faisait partie du cercle des As de l'aviation. D'abord identifié par des habitants grâce à ses papiers, le corps est ensuite emporté par les allemands qui l'enterrent le 17 août au cimetière de Coulommiers, le considérant comme un pilote anglais inconnu. En octobre 1944, identifié par les américains, il est réinhumé au cimetière américain de Solers puis transféré à Villeneuve-Saint-Georges le 22 janvier 1945. Le 21 juillet 1954, Robert Gouby est définitivement inhumé dans la ville de son enfance à Bourbonne-les-Bains.

Décorations

Hommages

 À Vernois-sur-Mance, son nom est inscrit sur le monument aux Morts.
 À Bourbonne-les-Bains, l'avenue du lieutenant Gouby a été baptisée en son honneur. Une stèle commémorative a été érigée à l'entrée de cette voie et son nom est également inscrit sur le monument aux Morts de la commune.
 À Bernay-Vilbert où il est mort, son nom a été donné à une rue dans laquelle se trouve également une plaque commémorative.
 Au musée de l'Air et de l'Espace de l'aéroport du Bourget, son nom est inscrit sur une plaque commémorant les as de l'aviation morts durant un conflit.

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Articles connexes

 Ordre de la Libération
 Libération de la France
 Liste d'as de l'aviation
 Liste des as français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale

Liens externes

Résistant français
Titulaire de la médaille de la Résistance française avec rosette
Officier des Forces aériennes françaises libres
Aviateur français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
As de l'aviation français
Officier de la Légion d'honneur (date non précisée)
Compagnon de la Libération
Titulaire de la croix de guerre 1939-1945
Récipiendaire de la Distinguished Flying Cross (Royaume-Uni)
Récipiendaire de la Silver Star
Naissance en octobre 1919
Naissance en Haute-Saône
Décès en juin 1944
Décès en Seine-et-Marne
Décès à 24 ans
Mort pour la France
Mort dans un accident aérien

Robert Gouby


نظرات في كتاب الله تفسير للقرآن الكريم من تأليف الداعية الإسلامية الراحلة زينب الغزالي، راجعه وقدَّم له الدكتور عبد الحي الفرماوي أستاذ التفسير بجامعة الأزهر الشريف، وهو يعتبر أول تفسير للقرآن الكريم تكتبه امرأة. قد انتهت من كتابة التفسير في أوائل التسعينيات من القرن الماضي، وصدر المجلد الأول من «دار الشروق» في عام 1995م، ولكن بعد وفاة صاحب «دار الشروق» محمد المعلم توقَّفت الدار عن استكمال طبع التفسير، حتى تمكَّنت «دار التوزيع والنشر الإسلامية» من طبعه كله.

ويوجد كتاب يحمل نفس الاسم للإمام المرشد الأول للإخوان المسلمين حسن البنا

انظر أيضا
 أيام من حياتي (كتاب)

وصلات خارجية
 نظرات في كتاب الله.. أول تفسير للقرآن تكتبه امرأة، إخوان أون لاين، 10 أكتوبر 2009
 زينب الغزالي.. أول امرأة تفسر القرآن، إخوان أون لاين، 4 أغسطس 2005

كتب التفسير

نظرات في كتاب الله


A28 or A-28 may refer to:

Roads
 A28 road (England), a road in Kent connecting Margate, Canterbury, Ashford, Tenterden and Hastings
 A28 motorway (France), a road connecting Abbeville, Somme and Tours, Indre-et-Loire
 A 28 motorway (Germany), a road connecting Leer and Oldenburg with Bremen
 A28 road (Isle of Man), a road connecting New and the Ballanorris road
 A28 motorway (Italy), a road connecting Conegliano and Portogruaro
 A28 motorway (Netherlands), a road connecting Utrecht and Groningen
 A28 motorway (Portugal), a road connecting Porto to Viana do Castelo

 A 28 road (Sri Lanka), a road connecting Anuradhapura and Padeniya
 A28 (Sydney), a road in Sydney which is commonly known as Cumberland Highway

Other uses

A-28 Hudson, a Lockheed World War II aircraft
 Aeroprakt A-28 Victor, a 2000s Ukrainian twin engined aircraft design
 Focke-Wulf A 28, a 1927 German airliner
 HLA-A28, a human serotype
 Asahikawa Station, a station in Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan, station code A28

A28


Onaç-1 Barajı, Burdur'da, Onaç Çayı üzerinde, taşkın kontrolü amacı ile 1962 - 1967 yılları arasında inşa edilmiş bir barajdır. Toprak ve kaya gövde dolgu tipi olan barajın gövde hacmi 77.000 m³, akarsu yatağından yüksekliği 25,00 m, normal su kotunda göl hacmi 8,00 hm³, normal su kotunda göl alanı 1,34 km²'dir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye'deki barajlar listesi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Burdur ilindeki barajlar

Onaç-1 Barajı


Det italienske Kongepars Besøg er en stumfilm fra 1922 af ukendt instruktør.

Handling
Den italienske konge Viktor Emmanuel ankommer sammen med den danske kongefamilie til Københavns Rådhus i juni 1922. Rådhuspladsen flagsmykket. Senere ses de kongelige ved Glyptoteket, hvor der er grundstensnedlæggelse til Dante-søjlen. Bilkortege kører ind på Amalienborg slotsplads. Mere højtidelighed foran Glyptoteket. Indvielsen af monumentet. Ankomsten til Hovedbanegården og kørsel i åben vogn til Amalienborg.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1922

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Begivenheder i 1922

Det italienske Kongepars Besøg


Tributo ad Augusto (en castellano: «Tributo a Augusto») es un álbum tributo en estudio de versiones de la banda italiana Nomadi, lanzado en Italia en 1995 e interpretado por varios artistas italianos, además de los chilenos Inti-Illimani.

El título del álbum alude a Augusto Daolio, vocalista de Nomadi fallecido en 1992.

La versión en vinilo de este álbum es muy rara y costosa.

Lista de canciones

 Este tema corresponde al Album concerto grabado en directo por Francesco Guccini y Nomadi en 1979.

Referencias

Álbumes de 1995
Álbumes tributo
Álbumes de versiones
Álbumes de Inti-Illimani
Álbumes en italiano

Tributo ad Augusto


Fausto Paravidino () este un dramaturg, actor și scenarist italian.

Note

Nașteri în 1976
Italieni din secolul al XX-lea
Italieni din secolul al XXI-lea

Fausto Paravidino


Eduard Albert Bielz (1827–1898), un malacologiste et botaniste austro-hongrois, fils de Michael Bielz
 Michael Bielz (1787–1866, M), un malacologiste austro-hongrois, père de Eduard Albert Bielz

Bielz


Heiko Gauert (* 20. April 1949 in Eckernförde) ist ein deutscher Journalist, Autor und Pädagoge. Sein Hauptbetätigungsfeld ist die plattdeutsche Sprache, für die er auch als Sprachpolitiker umfänglich tätig ist.

Leben
Als Journalist ist Gauert vornehmlich tätig für den Schleswig-Holsteinischen Zeitungsverlag, unter anderem mit der wöchentlichen Kolumne Aktuell op Platt, und den Norddeutschen Rundfunk, z. B. für die Reihe Hör mal 'n beten to. Als Autor hat er unter anderem die niederdeutschen Bücher Amor an de Diek und Sünnschien un Wulken herausgebracht oder die pädagogische Veröffentlichung Kinder, Werbung und Konsum.

Bis 2012 hat er über 350 Vorträge in ganz Norddeutschland, vornehmlich in Schleswig-Holstein gehalten, größtenteils auf und über Plattdeutsch. Darunter waren bis 2012 etwa 300 Auftritte mit seinem Programm Op Plattdüütsch heet dat Moin. In dem in Norddeutschland einmaligen Vortrag berichtet er populärwissenschaftlich über die Geschichte und Bedeutung der niederdeutschen Sprache und gibt zahlreiche nachdenkliche und humorvolle Textbeispiele.

Gauert gehört dem Bundesrat für Niederdeutsch ebenso an wie dem Plattdeutschen Rat des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, dem Beirat Niederdeutsch im Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landtag und dem Ausschuss für Niederdeutsch und Friesisch beim Schleswig-Holsteinischen Heimatbund. Er engagiert sich insbesondere für die Vermittlung niederdeutscher Sprachkompetenz in den staatlichen Bildungseinrichtungen.

Heiko Gauert lebte in Silzen, leitete ab 2003 die Wilhelm-Käber-Gemeinschaftsschule in Hohenlockstedt. Er ging 2014 in Pension. Seitdem lebt Gauert in Damp und leitet als "Baas" die "Plattdüütsch Gill Eckernför Johann Hinrich Fehrs".

Ehrungen
 2013: Verdienstmedaille des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Bücher und Schriften
 Sünnschien un Wulken. Verlag Jung, Kiel, 2004, ISBN 3-89882-042-4
 Amor an de Diek und andere Geschichten auf Hochdeutsch un op Plattdüütsch. Fresenborg-Verlag, St. Peter-Ording, 1999, ISBN 3-932359-04-6

 Werbung, Jugend und Konsum : handlungsorientierter Unterricht in der Verbraucherbildung. Stiftung Verbraucherinstitut, Berlin, 1996, ISBN 3-923798-57-1

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Literatur (Niederdeutsch)
Literatur (Deutsch)
Heimatliteratur
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes (Verdienstmedaille)
Deutscher
Geboren 1949
Mann

Heiko Gauert


Indra (Sanskritçe: इन्द्र veya इंद्र, indra) Hinduizm'de havanın ve savaşın tanrısı, Cennet veya Swargaloka'nın Tanrısıdır. Hint-dışı geleneklerde de yer alan önemli bir figürdür. Hint mitolojisinin en eski ve en büyük tanrısıdır. Hintlerin en önemli dini kaynakları olan Vedalardan Rigveda ilahilerinin dörtte biri ona sunulmuştur. Başka hiçbir tanrıya bu kadar ilahi sunulmamıştır. 1028 ilahiden oluşan Rigveda'nın 250 ilahisi ona sunulmuştur. Ari ulusunun savaşçı tanrısıdır. Elinde yere doğru çarptığı vacra (şimşek) vardır. Bu silahı sanatçı Tanrı Tvashtri yapmıştır . Ellerinde ok, yay, ankuşa denilen bir kanca, deniz kabuğu ve ağ tutar. Tüm vücudunda bin göz vardır. Bu yüzden ona Sahasrasha (Bin gözlü) denilir. Binek hayvanı dört hortumlu beyaz bir fil olan Airavata veya beyaz bir at olan Uççaişravas'tır. Karısı İndrani'dir ve oğlu Cayanta'dır . İndra'nın Vritra (kuraklık) ile savaşı: Vritra adındaki yılan dünyanın yedi nehrini yutar ve onları büyük dağında hapseder. İndra şimşeğini kullanarak suları tutmakta olan Vritra'yı yok edip dağları delerek, suları serbest bırakır.

Savaş tanrıları
Hava ve gök tanrıları
Hint tanrıları
Mitolojik krallar
Mahabharata karakterleri

Indra


Comitetul pentru cercetarea spațiului (cosmic) (Committee on Space Research, COSPAR) a fost înființat de Consiliul Internațional pentru Știință (International Council for Science, ICSU) în 1958.

Printre obiectivele COSPAR se numără promovarea cercetării științifice în spațiu pe plan internațional, cu accent pe schimbul liber de rezultate, informații și opinii și asigurarea unui forum deschis tuturor oamenilor de știință pentru discutarea problemelor care pot afecta cercetarea spațială. Aceste obiective sunt realizate prin organizarea de simpozioane, publicații și alte mijloace. COSPAR a creat un număr de programe de cercetare pe teme diferite, câteva în colaborare cu alte comitete științifice. Proiectul pe termen lung al  COSPAR, de referință pe termen lung a atmosferei Pământului, a început în 1960; de atunci a produs câteva ediții ale codului CIRA pentru atmosferă înaltă. Codul "IRI" al grupului de lucru COSPAR-URSI, de referință internațională a ionosferei, a fost editat pentru prima dată în 1978 și este actualizat anual.

Adunare Generală
La fiecare doi ani, COSPAR solicită o Adunare Generală (numită și Adunarea Științifică). Acestea sunt conferințe care în prezent adună ca participanți peste o mie de cercetători ai spațiului cosmic. Cele mai recente adunări sunt prezentate în tabelul de mai jos. A 41-a Adunare Generală de la Istanbul a fost anulată din cauza tentaivei de lovitură de stat în Turcia din 2016.

Referințe

Organizații științifice internaționale
Organizații astronomice
Pages with unreviewed translations
Fondări în 1958

Committee on Space Research


Odilon Wagner () este un actor și regizor de teatru brazilian. Lucrează în televiziune și film. Este, de asemenea, consultant în domeniul comunicațiilor și oferă consiliere în afaceri și campanii politice.

Wagner s-a născut în Curitiba și a trăit în Ponta Grossa până la vârsta de unsprezece ani.

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1954
Actori brazilieni
Oameni în viață

Odilon Wagner


Bruno Correa (født 22. marts 1986) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Bruno Correa


Orașul Soarelui (în ; în ) este o lucrare filosofică de filosoful dominican italian Tommaso Campanella. Este o primă lucrare utopică importantă. Lucrarea a fost scrisă în italiană, în 1602, la scurt timp după întemnițarea lui Campanella pentru erezie și răzvrătire. O versiune latină a fost scrisă în 1613–1614 și publicată la Frankfurt în 1623.

Sinopsis

Cartea este prezentată ca un dialog între "un Maestru al Cavalerilor Ospitalieri și un Căpitan de mare genovez". Inspirat de Republica lui Platon  și o descriere a Atlantidei în Timaios, descrie o societate teocratică în cazul în care bunurile, femei și copii sunt păstrați în comun. Este, de asemenea, seamănă cu Orașul Adocentyn din Picatrix, un grimoire arab de magie astrologică. În partea finală a lucrării, Campanella profețește —în limbajul voalat al astrologiei — că regii spanioli, în alianță cu Papa, sunt destinați pentru a fi instrumentele unui Plan Divin: victoria finală a Credinței Adevărate și difuzarea ei în întreaga lume. În timp ce s-ar putea argumenta că Campanella se gândea pur și simplu la cucerirea Lumii Noi, se pare că această profeție ar trebui să fie interpretată în lumina unei lucrări scrise cu puțin timp înainte de Orașul Soarelui, Monarhia din Spania, în care Campanella expune viziunea sa despre o lume unificată, pașnică, guvernată de o monarhie luminată.

Manuscrisul de la Trento 1602

În 2016, manuscrisul a fost încărcat pe biblioteca digitală Wikisource.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Le poesie, ed. F. Giancotti (Torino, Einaudi, 1998; ed. Milano: Breckel, 2013; traducere în limba engleză de Sherry Roush în două părți: Selectate Poezii Filosofice, Chicago și Londra: University of Chicago Press, 2011; Pisa și Roma: Fabrizio Serra, 2011).

Legături externe
 La Città del Sole (pe Wikisource)

Vezi și
 Listă de piese de teatru italiene
 Listă de romane științifico-fantastice
 Cronologia științifico-fantasticului
 Listă de scrieri utopice
 Științifico-fantasticul în Italia

Teocrații
Utopii
Cărți din 1602
Lumi imaginare

Cetatea Soarelui


Johann Háber (n. 1872 – d. 1953) a fost unul dintre generalii Armatei Austro-Ungare din Primul Război Mondial.

A îndeplinit funcția de comandant al Diviziei 37 Honvezi ungară în campania acesteia împotriva României, având gradul de general-maior.

Note

Bibliografie
 Kirițescu, Constantin, Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1989
 Ioanițiu, Alexandru (lt.col.), Războiului României, 1916-1918, vol. I, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929

Vezi și
 Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial

Nașteri în 1872
Decese în 1953
Comandanți austro-ungari pe frontul românesc (1916-1918)
Cioturi din proiectul România în Primul Război Mondial

Johann Háber


Le  Stump Road Cemetery  (cimetière britannique Stump Road) est un cimetière militaire de la Première Guerre mondiale, situé sur le territoire de la commune de Grandcourt, dans le département de la Somme, au nord-est d'Amiens.

Localisation
Ce cimetière est situé en plein champ, à 1,5 km au sud du village. On y accède par un chemin rural puis un petit sentier engazonné d'une trentaine de mètres.

Histoire

Le  juillet 1916, premier jour de la bataille de la Somme, le village de Grandcourt est atteint par une partie de la  division (Ulster). Mais le secteur sera repris par les troupes allemandes et il faudra attendre le repli allemand sur la ligne Hindenburg, début février 1917, pour qu'il soit définitivement occupé par les troupes britanniques.
Ce cimetière comporte 263 victimes de la guerre 1914-18 dont 50 sont  non identifiées (principalement des hommes de la  division). Tous sont tombés dans la période de juillet 1916 à février 1917.

Caractéristiques
Le cimetière couvre une superficie de 400 mètres carrés et est clos par un muret de moellons.
Il a la particularité d'avoir un côté arrondi autour de la croix.

Sépultures

Galerie

Liens internes

 Cimetière militaire
 Liste des mémoriaux et cimetières militaires de la Somme
 Bataille de la Somme
 Commonwealth War Graves
 Grandcourt

Notes et références

Stump Road Cemetery
Stump Road Cemetery
Stump Road Cemetery

Stump Road Cemetery


David Allison Dodge  (born June 8, 1943) is a Canadian economist. He served as Governor of the Bank of Canada from 2001 to 2008.

Early life

Dodge was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1943. He attended Ridley College, a private boarding school in St. Catharines (and second alumnus to become Bank Governor), and graduated from Queen's University with an honours degree in economics. He received his Ph.D in economics from Princeton University in 1972 after completing a doctoral dissertation titled "The structure of earnings of Canadian accountants, engineers and scientists and the implications for returns to investment in university education."

Career

He was Assistant Professor of Economics at Queen's University, Associate Professor of Canadian Studies and International Economics at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Senior Fellow in the Faculty of Commerce at the University of British Columbia, and Visiting Professor in the Department of Economics at Simon Fraser University. He has also served as Director of the International Economics Program of the Institute for Research on Public Policy.

Canadian Politics
Dodge served in the senior ranks of the Canadian federal government from 1992 to 2001, a month before his appointment as the Bank of Canada Governor.

Deputy Minister of Finance
He was appointed Deputy Minister of Finance in 1992. In the 1996 book Double Vision, Edward Greenspon and Anthony Wilson-Smith describe in detail the role which Dodge played in reviving Canada's economy by working closely with Finance Minister Paul Martin to eliminate the federal budget's deficit spending.

Deputy Minister of Health
In 1998, Dodge was appointed the Deputy Minister of Health. While Deputy, Dodge's role in founding the Winnipeg National Microbiology Laboratory was commended as critically important by laboratory director-general Frank Plummer.

Bank of Canada
In 2001, Dodge was appointed the Governor of the Bank of Canada. His appointment was controversial as the Bank of Canada traditionally promotes from within, helping to avoid the perception of politicizing of the central bank. During Dodge's term, annual inflation stayed close to the Bank of Canada's target of 2 percent, and the Canadian economy avoided any recessions. In 2008, Dodge retired from the Bank of Canada, and was replaced by Mark Carney.

Following his exit from the Bank, Dodge joined the Canadian law firm Bennett Jones as a senior advisor.

Chancellor of Queen's University
Dodge was elected as the 13th chancellor of Queen's University on May 2, 2008, succeeding A. Charles Baillie. The appointment was effective July 1, 2008, though Dodge was only officially installed later that year, on October 30. As his first three-year term drew to a close, Dodge's re-appointment was unanimously endorsed by the Queen's University Council, and Dodge served until his retirement at the end of his second-term on June 30, 2014. He was subsequently appointed chancellor emeritus by the University Council, an honorary title he still holds today.

Dodge was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in October, 2009.

He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2007.

References

Further reading
 Double Vision: The Inside Story of the Liberals in Power, by Edward Greenspon and Anthony Wilson-Smith, Toronto 1996, Doubleday Canada publishers, .

External links

 Bank of Canada – Biography of David A. Dodge

1943 births
Living people
Canadian economists
Chancellors of Queen's University at Kingston
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Governors of the Bank of Canada
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Toronto
Princeton University alumni
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
Ridley College alumni
Academic staff of Simon Fraser University

David A. Dodge


La microrregión de Rio do Sul es una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño de Santa Catarina perteneciente a la mesorregión Valle del Itajaí. Su población fue recenseada en 2010 por el IBGE en 204.913 habitantes y está dividida en veinte municipios. Posee un área total de 5.267,569 km².

Municipios
 Agrolândia
 Agronômica
 Aurora
 Braço do Trombudo
 Dona Emma
 Ibirama
 José Boiteux
 Laurentino
 Lontras
 Mirim Doce
 Pouso Redondo
 Presidente Getúlio
 Presidente Nereu
 Rio do Campo
 Rio do Oeste
 Rio do Sul
 Salete
 Taió
 Trombudo Central
 Vitor Meireles
 Witmarsum

Río del Sur

Microrregión de Rio do Sul


Chandrikapersad Santokhi, almennt kallaður Chan Santokhi (f. 3. febrúar 1959) er súrínamskur stjórnmálamaður og fyrrum lögreglustjóri. Hann hefur verið forseti Súrínam frá 16. júlí 2020.

Æviágrip
Eftir að hafa lokið grunnskólanámi sínu í Paramaribo hlaut Santokhi styrk til framhaldsnáms í Hollandi. Hann gekk í lögregluháskóla í Apeldoorn frá 1978 til 1982. Að loknu námi sneri Santokhi aftur til Súrínam í september 1982 til að hefja störf í lögreglunni. Þegar hann var 23 ára var Santokhi útnefndur yfirmaður í lögreglunni í héraðinu Wanica. Árið 1989 var hann útnefndur yfirmaður rannsóknarlögregludeildar landsins. Árið 1991 var hann hækkaður í tign og gerður lögreglustjóri.

Í september árið 2005 var Santokhi útnefndur dóms- og lögreglumálaráðherra sem meðlimur Framfarasinnaða umbótaflokksins. Ráðherratíð hans einkenndist af harkalegri baráttu gegn glæpastarfsemi, sér í lagi gegn eiturlyfjaverslun í landinu. Desi Bouterse gaf Santokhi gælunafnið "fógetinn".

Santokhi stýrði jafnframt rannsóknum á desembermorðum ársins 1982 í byrjun ráðherratíðar sinnar og setti á fót sérstakan dómstól í úthverfum Domburg til að fjalla um málið.

Í þingkosningum ársins 2010 hlaut Santokhi flest atkvæði allra frambjóðanda fyrir utan Desi Bouterse þrátt fyrir að skipa sæti fremur neðarlega á kosningalista Framfarasinnaða umbótaflokksins. Í júlí sama ár var Santokhi útnefndur forsetaframbjóðandi Nýju fylkingarinnar, kosningabandalags sem Framfarasinnaði umbótaflokkurinn átti aðild að. Í forsetakosningum þingsins var Santokhi mótframbjóðandi Desi Bouterse, sem var að endingu kjörinn forseti.

Frá árinu 1995 var Santokhi fulltrúi Fíknivarnarnefndar Ameríkuríkja (CIDAD), sjálfstæðrar stofnunar á vegum Samtaka Ameríkuríkja sem vinnur gegn fíkniefnaverslun í Ameríku. Árið 2009 varð Santokhi varaforseti stofnunarinnar og síðan forseti næsta ár.

Þann 3. júlí árið 2011 var Santokhi kjörinn forseti Framfarasinnaða umbótaflokksins (VHP). Flokkurinn hafði í upphafi aðallega verið flokkur landsmanna af indverskum uppruna en frá því að Santokhi varð flokksleiðtogi hefur flokkurinn náð breiðari skírskotun til annarra fólkshópa í Súrínam.

Eftir þingkosningar í maí árið 2020 vann Framfarasinnaði umbótaflokkurinn tuttugu af 51 þingsæti og varð stærsti flokkurinn á súrínamska þinginu. Þann 13. júlí árið 2020 var Santokhi einn í framboði þegar kosið var um forseta landsins á þinginu. Santokhi var því sjálfkjörinn forseti þann 16. júlí árið 2020.

Tilvísanir

Forsetar Súrínam

Chan Santokhi