Messapic (; also known as Messapian; or as Iapygian) is an extinct Indo-European Paleo-Balkanic language of the southeastern Italian Peninsula, once spoken in Apulia by the Iapygian peoples of the region: the Calabri and Salentini (known collectively as the Messapii), the Peucetians and the Daunians. Messapic was the pre-Roman, non-Italic language of Apulia. It has been preserved in about 600 inscriptions written in an alphabet derived from a Western Greek model and dating from the mid-6th to at least the 2nd century BC, when it went extinct following the Roman conquest of the region.

Name
The term 'Messapic' or 'Messapian' is traditionally used to refer to a group of languages spoken by the Iapygians, a "relatively homogeneous linguistic community" of non-Italic-speaking tribes (Messapians, Peucetians and Daunians) dwelling in the region of Apulia before the Roman conquest.

However, some scholars have argued that the term 'Iapygian languages' should be preferred for referring to the group of languages spoken in Apulia, with the term 'Messapic' being reserved to the inscriptions found in the Salento peninsula, where the specific tribe of the Messapians had been living in the pre-Roman era.

The name Apulia itself derives from Iapygia after passing from Greek to Oscan to Latin and undergoing subsequent morphological shifts.

Classification

Messapic was a non-Italic and non-Greek Indo-European language of Balkan origin. Modern archeological and linguistic research and some ancient sources hold that the ancestors of the Iapygians came to Southeastern Italy (present-day Apulia) from the Western Balkans across the Adriatic Sea during the early first millennium BC..

Paleo-Balkanic
Messapic forms part of the Paleo-Balkan languages. Based upon lexical similarities with the Illyrian languages, some scholars contend that Messapic may have developed from a dialect of pre-Illyrian, meaning that it would have diverged substantially from the Illyrian language(s) spoken in the Balkans by the 5th century BC, while others considered it a direct dialect of Iron Age Illyrian. Messapic is today considered an independent language and not a dialect of Illyrian. Although the unclear interpretation of Messapic inscriptions cannot warrant the placement of Messapic in any specific Indo-European subfamily, some scholars place Illyrian and Messapic in the same branch. Eric Hamp has grouped them under "Messapo-Illyrian", which is further grouped with Albanian under "Adriatic Indo-European". Other schemes group the three languages under "General Illyrian" and "Western Paleo-Balkan".

A number of shared features between Messapic and Proto-Albanian may have emerged either as a result of linguistic contacts between Proto-Messapic and Pre-Proto-Albanian within the Balkan peninsula in prehistoric times, or of a closer relation as shown by the quality of the correspondences in the lexical area and shared innovations between Messapic and Albanian. Hyllested & Joseph (2022) identify Messapic as the closest language to Albanian, with which it forms a common branch titled Illyric. Hyllested & Joseph (2022) in agreement with recent bibliography identify Greco-Phrygian as the IE branch closest to the Albanian-Messapic one. These two branches form an areal grouping - which is often called "Balkan IE" - with Armenian.

Illyrian languages
Although the Illyrian languages – and to some extent Messapic itself – are too scarcely attested to allow for an extensive linguistic comparison, the Messapic language is generally regarded as related to, though distinct from, the Illyrian languages. This theory is supported by a series of similar personal and place names from both sides of the Adriatic Sea. Proposed cognates in Illyrian and Messapic, respectively, include: 'Bardyl(l)is/Barzidihi', 'Teuta/Teutā', 'Dazios/Dazes', 'Laidias/Ladi-', 'Platōr/Plator-', 'Iapydes/Iapyges', 'Apulus/Apuli', 'Dalmata/Dalmathus', 'Peucetioe/Peucetii', 'Ana/Ana', 'Beuzas/Bozat', 'Thana/Thana', 'Dei-paturos/Da-matura'.

Albanian
The linguistic data of Albanian can be used to compensate for the lack of fundamental information on Illyrian, since Proto-Albanian (the ancestor language of Albanian) was likewise an Indo-European language certainly spoken in the Balkans in antiquity, and probably since at least the 7th century BC, as suggested by the presence of archaic loanwords from Ancient Greek.

A number of linguistic cognates with Albanian have been proposed, such as Messapic aran and Albanian arë ("field"), biliā and bijë ("daughter"), or menza- and mëz ("foal"). The toponomy points to a link between the two languages, as some towns in Apulia have no etymological forms outside Albanian linguistic sources. Other linguistic elements such as particles, prepositions, suffixes, lexicon, but also toponyms, anthroponyms and theonyms of the Messapic language find singular affinities with Albanian. Some phonological data can also be compared between the two languages, and it seems likely that Messapic belongs, like Albanian, to a specific subgroup of the Indo-European languages that shows distinct reflections of all the three dorsal consonant rows. In the nominal context, both Messapic and Albanian continue, in the masculine terms in -o-, the Indo-European ending *-osyo (Messapic -aihi, Albanian -i / -u).

Regarding the verbal system, both Messapic and Albanian have formally and semantically preserved the two Indo-European subjunctive and optative moods. If the reconstructions are correct, we can find, in the preterital system of Messapic, reflections of a formation in *-s- (which in other Indo-European languages are featured in the suffix of the sigmatic aorist), as in the 3rd sg. hipades/opades ('he dedicated' < *supo-dʰeh₁-s-t) and in the 3rd pl. stahan ('they placed' < *stah₂-s-n°t). In Albanian, this formation was likewise featured in the category of aorists formed with the suffix -v-. However, except for the dorsal consonant rows, these similarities do not provide elements exclusively relating Messapic and Albanian, and only a few morphological data are comparable.

Oscan theory
An older theory, rejected by modern linguists, supposed that all Iapygian (i.e. ancient Apulian) dialects were nothing more than forms of the Oscan language. This hypothesis was mainly suggested by a sentence of Aulus Gellius stating that Ennius (who hailed from Rudiae, southern Apulia) used to speak Oscan together with Greek and Latin without mentioning Messapic, a phrase still difficult to explain today. Some scholars wonder whether Gellius knew that Messapic was a language separate from Oscan; if not, he may have simply used Osce instead of Messape. According to a tradition reported by Servius, Ennius claimed to descend from Messapus, the eponymous legendary founder of Messapia, which may suggest that Ennius' third "heart" and language reported by Gellius was not Oscan but Messapic; the nomen Ennius, however, is
apparently Oscan. According to scholar James N. Adams, "Ennius might have known Messapic as well as Oscan, but continued speculation in the absence of any hard evidence is pointless."

History

The development of a distinct Iapygian culture in southeastern Italy is widely considered to be the result of a confluence of local Apulian material cultures with Balkanic traditions following the cross-Adriatic migrations of proto-Messapic speakers in the early first millennium BC.

The Iapygians most likely left the eastern coasts of the Adriatic for the Italian Peninsula from the 11th century BC onwards, merging with pre-existing Italic and Mycenean cultures and providing a decisive cultural and linguistic imprint. Throughout the second half of the 8th century, contacts between Messapians and Greeks must have been intense and continuous; they began to intensify after the foundation of Taras by Spartan colonists around the end of the century. Despite its geographical proximity with Magna Graecia, however, Iapygia was generally not encompassed in Greek colonial territories, and with the exception of Taras, the inhabitants were evidently able to avoid other Greek colonies in the region. During the 6th century BC Messapia, and more marginally Peucetia, underwent Hellenizing cultural influences, mainly from the nearby Taras. The use of writing systems was introduced during this period, with the acquisition of the Laconian-Tarantine alphabet and its progressive adaptation to the Messapic language. The oldest known Messapic texts date to the 6th century–early 5th century BCE.

The relationship between Messapians and Tarantines deteriorated over time, resulting in a series of clashes between the two peoples from the beginning of the 5th century BC. After two victories of the Tarentines, the Iapygians inflicted a decisive defeat on them, causing the fall of the aristocratic government and the implementation of a democratic one in Taras. It also froze relations between Greeks and the indigenous people for about half a century. Only in the late-5th and 6th centuries did they re-establish relationships. The second great Hellenizing wave occurred during the 4th century BC, this time also involving Daunia and marking the beginning of Peucetian and Daunian epigraphic records, in a local variant of the Hellenistic alphabet that replaced the older Messapic script.

Along with Messapic, Greek and Oscan were spoken and written during the Romanization period all over Apulia, and bilingualism in Greek and Messapic was probably common in southern Apulia at that time. Based upon the legends of the local currencies promoted by Rome, Messapic appears to have been written in the southern zone, Oscan in the northern area, while the central sector was a trilingual area where Messapic, Greek and Oscan co-existed in inscriptions. Messapic epigraphic records seem to have ended by the 2nd century BC. During the 1st century BCE, the language was replaced by Latin, which is the origin of the modern Italian Sallentine dialects of the region.

Phonology
A characteristic feature of Messapic is the absence of the Indo-European phonological opposition between the vowels /u/ and /o/, the language featuring only an o/u phoneme. Consequently, the superfluous letter /u/ (upsilon) was not taken over following the initial period of adaption of the Western ("red") Greek alphabet. The 'o/u' phoneme existed in opposition to an 'a/o' phoneme formed after the phonological distinction between *o and *a was abandoned. The Proto-Indo-European (PIE) vowel /o/ regularly appears as /a/ in inscriptions (e.g., Venas < *Wenos; menza < *mendyo; tabarā < *to-bhorā). The original PIE phonological opposition between ō and o is still perceptible in Messapic. The diphthong *ou, itself reflecting the merged diphthongs *ou and eu, underwent sound change to develop into ao, then into ō (e.g., *Toutor > Taotor > Θōtor).

The dental affricate or spirant written Θ is frequently used before the sounds ao- or o-, where it is most likely a replacement for the older letter . Another special letter, , occurs almost exclusively in Archaic inscriptions from the 6th and 5th centuries BC. Multiple palatalizations have also taken place, as in 'Zis' < *dyēs, 'Artorres' < *Artōryos, or 'Bla(t)θes' < *Blatyos (where '(t)θ' probably denoted a dental affricate or spirant /ts/ or /tš/). Proto-Indo-European *s was rather clearly reflected in initial and intervocalic positions as Messapic h, with notable examples including klaohi and hipa, but note Venas with *s in final position.

The Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirates *bh and *dh are certainly represented by the simple unaspirated voiced obstruents /b/ and /d/ in Messapic (e.g., 'berain' < *bher-; '-des' < *dʰeh₁). On the other hand, the outcomes of the Indo-European palatal, velar, and labiovelar stops remain unclear, with slender evidence.

Alphabet
The Messapic alphabet is an adaptation of the Western ("red") Greek alphabets, specifically the Laconian-Tarantinian version. The actual Messapic inscriptions are attested from the 6th century BC onward, while the Peucetian and Daunian epigraphic record (written in a local variant of the Hellenistic alphabet rather than in the older Messapic script) only begins in the 4th century BC.

Messapic
The Greek letter Φ (/pʰ/) was not adopted, because it would have been superfluous for Messapic. While zeta "normally" represented the voiced counterpart to /s/, it may have been an affricate in some cases. The value of Θ is unclear, but is clearly dental; it may be an affricate or a spirant. In any case it appears to have arisen partly as the reflex of the segment *ty.

Apulian
The script used in northern Apulia was rather peculiar, and some consider it to be a distinct writing system named Apulian. A notable difference between the Apulian alphabet and the Laconian-Tarentinian Messapic alphabet was the use of Η (eta) for /ē/ rather than /h/.

Inscriptions
The Messapic language is a 'fragmentary language' (), preserved only in about 600 inscriptions from the mid-6th up until the late-2nd century BC. Many of them consist of personal names of deceased engraved in burial sites (36% of the total), and only a few inscriptions have been definitely deciphered. Some longer texts are also available, including those recently found in the Grotta della Poesia (Roca Vecchia), although they have not been fully exploited by scholars yet. Most of the Messapic inscriptions are accessible in the Monumenta Linguae Messapicae (MLM), published in print in 2002.

Lexicon

Toponymy/Anthroponymy
{| class="wikitable"
! Messapic
! Modern Italian
! Balkan correspondences
! Sources
|-
| Amantia, settlement
| Amantea
| Amantia  Amantes  Amantini
|
|-
| (Taotor) Andirabas, god
|
| (Deus) Andinus
|
|-
| Anxa (Ansha), settlement
| -
| -
|
|-
| Apsias, river
| -
| Apsus
|
|-
| Apuli, tribal groupTeanum Apulum, settlement
| Apulia
| Apulus, personal name
|
|-
| Artas, personal name
| -
| -
|
|-
| Ausculum, settlement
| Ascoli Satriano
| -
|
|-
| Azetium, settlement
| near Rutigliano
| Azeta, Dardania
|
|-
| Barium, settlement
| Bari
| -
|
|-
| Barzidihi, personal name  Barduli, settlement
| -
| Bardyllis
|
|-
| Batas/Baton, deity/personal name
| -
| Bato
|
|-
| Brendésion/Brentésion, settlement
| Brindisi
| Brač
|
|-
| Butuntum, settlement
| Bitonto
| Butua
|
|-
| Calabri, tribal group
| Calabria
| Galabri
|
|-
| Caelia, settlement
| Ceglie del Campo
| Čelje
|
|-
| Canusium, settlement
| Canosa di Puglia
| -
|
|-
| Dazas/Dazimas/(Latin or ancient Greek forms: Dazos/Dazimos/Dasio/Dassius), personal name
| -
| Dasius/Dassius, personal name
|
|-
| Dardanos, settlement
| -
| Dardani
|
|-
| Genusium/ager Genusinus, settlement/district
| Ginosa
| Genusus (modern Shkumbin)
|
|-
| Gnatia, settlement
| -
| -
|
|-
| Graiva
| -
| -
|
|-
| Herdonia, settlement
| Ordona
| -
|
|-
| Hydruntum, settlement
| Otranto
| -
|
|-
| Ladi-, personal name component
| -
| Scerdilaidas
|
|-
| Peucetii
| -
| Peucetioe, Liburnia
|
|-
| Rudiae, settlement
| -
| -
|
|-
| Salapia, settlement  Salapitani, tribal group
| -
| Selepitani
|
|-
| Taotor, deity
| -
| Teuta, Triteuta, Teutana
|
|-
| Thana, deity
| -
| Thana
|
|-
| Uria, settlement
| Vereto
| -
|
|-
| Uxentum, settlement
| Ugento/Ušèntu
| -
|
|}

 Inherited
Only Messapic words regarded as 'inherited' are hereunder listed, thus excluding loanwords from Greek, Latin or other languages.

 Language contact
Italic

Since its settlement, Messapic was in contact with the Italic languages of the region. In the centuries before Roman annexation, the frontier between Messapic and Oscan ran through Frentania-Irpinia-Lucania-Apulia. An "Oscanization" and "Samnitization" process gradually took place which is attested in contemporary sources via the attestation of dual identities for settlements. In these regions an Oscan/Lucanian population and a large Daunian element intermixed in different ways. Larinum, a settlement which has produced a large body of Oscan onomastics is described as a "Daunian city" and Horace who was from Venusia in the transboundary area between the Daunians and the Lucanians described himself as  "Lucanian or Apulian". The creation of Roman colonies in southern Italy after the early 4th century BCE had a great impact in the Latinization of the area.

A small corpus of Messapic vocabulary did pass into Latin. They include baltea from balta (swamp), deda (nurse), gandeia (sword), horeia (small fishing boat), mannus (ponny/small horse) from manda. Messapic was an intermediary for the passing of several, mostly ancient Greek words, into Latin such as paro (small ship) from Greek paroon. The Latin form of Odysseus,  Ulixes might derive from a Messapic variant like the ethnonym Graeci which may have been used in its original form by Illyrians for their Greek neighbours in Epirus. A Messapic morphological intermediary has been proposed for Latin lancea (spear) and balaena (from Greek phallaina). In literature, Horace and Ennius who came from the region are the only authors of Roman antiquity who have preserved the non-Italic word laama (swamp) which might be Messapic.

Ancient Greek
The Messapic verbal form eipeigrave ('wrote, incised'; variant ipigrave) is a notable loanword from Greek (with the initial stem eipigra-, ipigra- deriving from epigrá-phō, ἐπιγράφω, 'inscribe, engrave'), and is probably related to the fact that the Messapic alphabet has been borrowed from an Archaic Greek script. Other Greek loanwords include argora-pandes ('coin officials', with the first part deriving from ἄργυρος), and names of deities like Athana and perhaps Aprodita, however the latter name coincides with the Proto-Albanian *apro dītā 'come forth brightness of the day/dawn', which could be the original source of the Ancient Greek Aphrodite, and which is preserved in the Albanian phrase afro dita 'come forth the day/dawn', referring to the planet Venus.

The origin of the Messapic goddess Damatura is debated: scholars like Vladimir I. Georgiev (1937), Eqrem Çabej, Shaban Demiraj (1997), or Martin L. West (2007) have argued that she was an Illyrian goddess eventually borrowed into Greek as Demeter, while others like Paul Kretschmer (1939), Robert S. P. Beekes (2009) and Carlo De Simone (2017) have argued for the contrary.

See also

Indo-European languages
Paleo Balkan languages
Illyrian languages
Albanian language
List of ancient peoples of Italy
Magna Graecia
Iapygians
Daunians
Messapians
Peucetians
Ancient Greek
Italic languages
Oscan language

Sources
Footnotes

Citations

Bibliography

 Further reading
 Lomas, Kathryn. "Crossing Boundaries: The Inscribed Votives of Southeast Italy." Pallas, no. 86, 2011, pp. 311–329. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43606696. Accessed 15 Apr. 2020.

 Messapische Studien''. Inschriften mit Kommentar, Skizze einer Laut- und Formenlehre. Von Otto Haas Universitätdozent - Wien. Heidelberg: Carl Winter - Universitätsverlag. 1962.

External links
 Civiltà messapica
 Archaeologists find western world's oldest map.  Telegraph Newspaper Online, November 19, 2005.

Unclassified Indo-European languages
Languages of ancient Italy
Salento
Paleo-Balkan languages
Languages attested from the 6th century BC
Languages extinct in the 1st century BC
Illyrian languages

Messapic language


Hwang Hee-chan (født 26. januar 1996) er en sydkoreansk fodboldspiller, der spiller for den engelske klub  Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. på en låneaftale fra den østrigske klub Red Bull Salzburg.

Han har endvidere spillet på det sydkoreanske fodboldlandshold. Han repræsenterde Sydkorea under Sommer-OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro, hvor han med sit hold nåede kvartfinalen. Han var også med i truppen til VM 2018 i Rusland.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Sydkorea
Fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra Sydkorea
Fodboldspillere fra Red Bull Salzburg
Fodboldspillere ved sommer-OL 2016
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 2018
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 2022

Hwang Hee-chan


es uno de los siete barrios de la ciudad de Hamamatsu, Japón. Hasta el 1 de septiembre de 2011 tenía una población estimada de 102.398 habitantes y una densidad de 2,180 personas por metro cuadrado. La superficie total del barrio es de 47,02 km².

Véase también
Barrios de Japón

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Página principal (en japonés)

Barrios de Hamamatsu

Minami-ku (Hamamatsu)


The Iowa caucuses are biennial electoral events for members of the Democratic and Republican parties in the U.S. state of Iowa. Unlike primary elections in most other U.S. states, where registered voters go to polling places to cast ballots, Iowans instead gather at local caucus meetings to discuss and vote on the candidates. During both the presidential and midterm election seasons, registered Iowan voters vote in a per-precinct caucus for the party of which they are registered as a member. The caucuses are also held to select delegates to county conventions and party committees, among other party activities.

The Iowa caucuses used to be noteworthy as the first major contest of the United States presidential primary season. Although caucus-goers have been unrepresentative of the nation's overall ethnic demographic, caucuses are still seen by some as a strong indicator of how a presidential candidate will do in later contests. This could be seen as a "self-fulfilling prophecy", however, where candidates successful in Iowa are also more likely to be successful politicians in general. Candidates who do poorly in the Iowa caucus are likely to drop out in the following days.

The 2020 Iowa Republican caucuses and the 2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses
took place on February 3, 2020. The Democratic caucus proved controversial after difficulties and errors in the reporting of the final vote totals. Iowa Democratic Party Chair Troy Price resigned on February 12, 2020, over the chaos resulting from the caucus.

On February 4, 2023, the Democratic National Committee approved a new calendar for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries, moving the South Carolina Democratic primary to be held first on February 3, and pushing the Iowa Democratic caucuses later to March. The Republican National Committee still announced plans to hold the Iowa Republican caucuses first in the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries. By October 6, the Democratic National Committee reached a compromise in which the in-person Iowa Democratic caucuses focusing on party business could still be held in January, but voting on presidential candidates would be done via mail-in ballots until Super Tuesday, March 5.

Background
Political parties in Iowa have used caucuses to select party leaders and candidates for office since the 1800s. Before 1907, parties selected all candidates for political office through the caucus system. Iowa held a presidential primary in 1916, but returned to the caucus system in 1917 due to high costs and low participation.

After the 1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity, Democratic Party leaders decided to make changes to their presidential nomination process by spreading out the schedule in each state. Because Iowa had a complex process of precinct caucuses, county conventions, district conventions, and a state convention, they chose to start early. In 1972, Iowa was the first state to hold its Democratic caucus, and it had the first Republican caucus four years later.

Under Iowa law, political parties are required to hold caucuses every two years to select delegates to county conventions and party committees.

Process

The Iowa caucuses operate very differently from the primary election used by most other states (see U.S. presidential primary). The caucuses are generally defined as "gatherings of neighbors". Rather than going to polls and casting ballots, Iowans gather at a set location in each of Iowa's precincts. Typically, these meetings occur in schools, churches, public libraries, or even individuals' houses. Caucuses are held every two years, during both the presidential and midterm election seasons, but those that receive national attention are the presidential preference caucuses, held every four years. The rules of the caucus process to determine delegates to national conventions are determined by the party and differ substantially between the Democratic and Republican parties.

In addition to the voting and the presidential preference choices, caucus-goers begin the process of writing their parties' platforms by introducing resolutions.

Criticisms
Public focus has been increasingly drawn to the Iowa caucus procedure. Public confidence in the integrity of the caucus system was heavily undermined after the 2020 Iowa Democratic caucus in which numerous irregularities were revealed, including disputed caucus totals following the disastrous initial use of a new smartphone app developed for the caucus, and a failure to publish official results for nearly a week.

Many political figures have also echoed concerns. Sen. Dick Durbin (D-IL): "I think the Democratic caucus in Iowa is a quirky, quaint tradition which should come to an end. As we try to make voting easier for people across America, the Iowa caucus is the most painful situation we currently face for voting." Former presidential candidate Julián Castro, who has long been critical of the Iowa caucuses, blasted the process: "It's a mess. What we saw out there and heard about are, consistently, errors in the way that this process was done, whether in the initial phase or the realignment. Inconsistencies in how it was done across precinct sites, caucus sites. It is a total mess."

Democratic Party

Each precinct divides its delegate seats among the candidates in proportion to caucus goers' votes. Participants indicate their support for a particular candidate by standing in a designated area of the caucus site (forming a preference group). An area may also be designated for an "uncommitted" group. Participants may try to convince their neighbors to support their candidates. Each preference group might informally deputize a few members to recruit supporters from the other groups and, in particular, from among those undecided. Undecided participants might visit each preference group to ask its members about their candidate.

After some time, the electioneering is temporarily halted, and the supporters for each candidate (and for "uncommitted") are counted. At this point, the caucus officials determine which candidates or groups are viable, potentially including the "uncommitted" group. Depending on the number of county delegates to be elected, the viability threshold is no less than 15% of attendees. (For four or more delegates, the threshold is 15%. For three delegates, the threshold is the total number of voters, divided by 6, roughly 16.66%. For two delegates, the threshold is 25%. For one delegate, there is no threshold, and the delegate is elected by a majority vote of eligible voters in attendance, following the first round of alignment.) For a candidate (or the "uncommitted" group) to earn any delegates from a particular precinct, the candidate or group must have the support of at least the percentage of participants required by the viability threshold. Once viability is determined, participants have an opportunity to realign: although supporters of viable candidates or groups are locked into their choice, the supporters of nonviable candidates or groups may find a viable candidate or group to support, join together with supporters of another nonviable candidate or group to secure a delegate for one of the two, or abstain. This realignment is a distinction of caucuses in that (unlike in most primaries) a voter's second choice can help a candidate.

When the voting is closed, a final headcount is conducted, and each precinct apportions delegates to the county convention. These numbers are reported to the state party, which counts the total number of delegates for each candidate (and delegates who are "uncommitted") and reports the results to the media. Most of the participants go home, leaving a few to finish the business of the caucus: each preference group elects its delegates, and then the groups reconvene to elect local party officers and discuss the platform. The delegates are chosen by the precinct then go to a later caucus, the county convention, to choose delegates to the district convention and state convention. Most of the delegates to the Democratic National Convention are selected at the district convention, with the remaining ones selected at the state convention. Delegates to each level of convention are initially bound to support their chosen candidate but can later switch in a process very similar to what occurs at the precinct level; however, as major shifts in delegate support are rare, the media declares the candidate with the most delegates on the precinct caucus night the winner and relatively little attention is paid to the later caucuses.

In 2014, the Iowa Democratic Party introduced changes to the caucus system to allow members of the military to participate in a statewide caucus and establish satellite caucuses for voters with disabilities and others who have trouble making it to the physical location of the caucuses. They will also work for the passage of a new law that requires employers to allow employees to take time off for the caucuses.

In 2016, the Iowa Democratic Party held the first-ever tele-caucus for members of the military serving outside Iowa and their families; Iowans in the Peace Corps and Diplomatic Corps; and students and Iowans living abroad. In addition, it held satellite caucuses in 2020, in an attempt to improve accessibility and participation in the Iowa caucuses. Starting in 2020, 10% of state convention delegates will be assigned through tele-caucuses.

Beginning with the 2020 caucus, the Iowa Democratic Party publishes not only "State Delegate Equivalents", based on a calculation of likely delegate results after the state caucus is held, but also a statewide raw vote count after the first alignment round (including results for all non-viable candidates) and a statewide raw vote count for all viable candidates after the second alignment round.

Republican Party

For Republicans, the Iowa caucus used to follow the Iowa Straw Poll in August of the preceding year. The Iowa Straw Poll was held six times, but only three Straw Poll winners went on to win the caucus the following year. The Straw Poll was discontinued in June 2015.

The process of selecting Iowa delegates to the Republican National Convention prior to the 2016 election cycle started with the selection of delegates to the county conventions, which in turn affected the delegates elected to district conventions who also served as delegates to the state convention where delegates were chosen for the national convention.

This process rewarded candidate organizers who not only got supporters to the caucus sites but also got supporters willing to serve as delegates to county conventions and willing to vote for other delegates who supported a specific candidate. In 2012, this process resulted in Ron Paul supporters dominating the Iowa delegation to the Republican National Convention, having 22 of the 28 Iowa delegates, with Mitt Romney getting the other six delegates.

Because the delegates elected at the caucuses are not required to declare a candidate preference, the media does not always have a purely objective way to determine the success of individual candidates at the caucuses. The media focused on the secret ballot polling conducted at the caucus sites and have generally referred to this non-binding poll as the caucus. There were irregularities in the 2012 caucus site polling results, including the fact that eight precinct results went missing and were never counted.

Because of the irregularities in the process and the fact that the totals reported to the media were unrelated to the delegate selection process, there have been changes in both how the caucus site secret ballot polling is sent to state party headquarters and in how Iowa delegates to the national convention are required to vote.

Beginning with the 2012 presidential election, Iowa switched from the old winner-take-all allocation to proportional allocation. The change was made to prolong the race, giving lesser-known candidates a chance and making it harder for a frontrunner to secure the majority early. It was also hoped that this change in the election system would energize the base of the party.

Starting in 2016, caucus results have become binding when selecting delegates. Acting in accordance with a mandate from the Republican National Committee, the delegates are bound on the first ballot to vote for candidates in proportion to the votes cast for each candidate at the caucus sites.

History
Since 1972, the Iowa caucuses have had a 55% success rate at predicting which Democrat, and a 43% success rate at predicting which Republican, will go on to win the nomination of their political party for president at that party's national convention

2004

Since Republican President George W. Bush did not face any opposition in 2004, only Democratic caucuses were held. The meetings ran from 6:30 p.m. until approximately 7:00 p.m. on January 19, 2004, with a turnout of about 124,000 caucus-goers. The county convention occurred on March 13, the district convention on April 24, and the state convention on June 26. Delegates could and did change their votes based on further developments in the race; for instance, in 2004 the delegates pledged to Dick Gephardt, who left the race after the precinct caucuses, chose a different candidate to support at the county, district, and state level.

The number of delegates each candidate receives eventually determines how many state delegates from Iowa that candidate will have at the Democratic National Convention. Iowa sends 56 delegates to the DNC out of a total of 4,366.

Of the 45 delegates that were chosen through the caucus system, 29 were chosen at the district level. Ten delegates were at-large delegates, and six were "party leader and elected official" (PLEO) delegates; these were assigned at the state convention. There were also 11 other delegates, eight of whom were appointed from local Democratic National Committee members; two were PLEO delegates and one was elected at the state Democratic convention. John Kerry won the Iowa caucuses with 38% of the vote, John Edwards coming second.

2008

The 2008 Iowa Democratic caucuses and 2008 Iowa Republican caucuses took place January 3 at 7 p.m. CT. Candidates spent tens of millions of dollars on local television advertisements and hundreds of paid staff in dozens of field offices. Barack Obama (D) and Mike Huckabee (R) were the eventual winners.

2012

The 2012 Iowa caucuses took place on Tuesday, January 3, starting at 7 p.m. CST. Incumbent president Barack Obama only faced minor opposition in the Democratic caucus and received 98% of the vote, but the Republican caucus was heavily contested between several challengers. Initial results reported that Mitt Romney beat out Rick Santorum by just 8 votes, but when the final results came out two weeks later Rick Santorum secured the victory over Romney by a margin of 34 votes with Ron Paul in a strong 3rd. Results were certified by the Caucus, but not by the Republican party, who declared it a split decision due to missing reports from 8 precincts, but who later certified the caucus as a win for Santorum.
The caucus winner changed yet again when the Iowa delegate totals were finally determined giving Ron Paul the win along with several other states that same weekend.

2016

The 2016 Iowa caucuses took place on Monday, February 1. The counting started at 7 p.m. CST and lasted one hour, after the caucus discussions. For the first time, results were electronically sent to both Democratic and Republican headquarters.

In the Democratic caucus, Hillary Clinton received 45% of the vote and 23 pledged delegates, defeating Bernie Sanders, with 41% and 21 delegates. The Republican caucus awarded delegates to nine candidates: 8 to Ted Cruz, with 28% of the vote; 7 each to Donald Trump and Marco Rubio, with 24% and 23% respectively; 3 to Ben Carson, with 9%; and 1 delegate each to five other candidates.

2020

The 2020 Iowa caucuses occurred on Monday, February 3. The results of the 2020 Iowa Democratic caucus were delayed due to "inconsistencies in the reporting of three sets of results," according to Mandy McClure, the party's communications director. "In addition to the tech systems being used to tabulate results, we are also using photos of results and a paper trail to validate that all results match and ensure that we have confidence and accuracy in the numbers we report. This is simply a reporting issue, the app did not go down and this is not a hack or an intrusion. The underlying data and paper trail is sound and will simply take time to further report the results."

Delays in reporting were attributed to the failure of a new reporting app for the Iowa Democratic Party presidential caucus, including an inability to download or launch the app as well as an inability for the app to function well once launched; the failure of the backup phone number system after too many people attempted to call the phone number due to the failing app; and confusion over the correct way to count and calculate the initial and final popular votes as well as state delegate equivalent values.

A complete official count of the first alignment popular vote, the second alignment popular vote, and state delegate equivalents was released on February 6, 3 days after Iowa Democrats voted. However, various outlets including The New York Times and NBC News reported logical inconsistencies in certain precincts (such as state delegate equivalents being awarded to the wrong candidates and more people voting for the second alignment than the first alignment). This led to the Democratic National Committee chairman Tom Perez to request the state Democratic Party (which runs the caucuses) to "recanvass" or recalculate the results including state delegate equivalents.

The app in question was provided by a 5-month-old company, Shadow Inc., which failed to develop and test the product adequately. The CEO and founder, Tara McGowan, also founded the ACRONYM corporation in 2017 and Courier Newsroom in 2019. Her husband, Michael Halle, is a senior strategist to the campaign of Pete Buttigieg. Multiple unverified claims of the Buttigieg campaign funding the organization, having investment interests in, and even sharing partial ownership in either company have been made. However, the only verified transactions between the Buttigieg campaign and either entity is a contract for text and messages services. The Joe Biden campaign had also contracted with Shadow, Inc for the same services, as well as former candidate Kirsten Gillibrand. After the app failure, McGowan distanced herself and ACRONYM from Shadow Inc., stating that it was an "independent" entity. Both companies are founded and directed by McGowan and Halle, and they share the same registered address. While the corporation's official website doesn't officially name its members, data gathered from LinkedIn reveals that its top executives were all involved in one way or another with Hillary Clinton's 2016 election campaign. James Hickey (Shadow, Inc.'s Chief Operating Officer) and Krista Davis (its Chief Software Architect) were both vital to the digital aspect of her campaign.

Democratic results
1972 (January 24): "Uncommitted" (36%), Edmund Muskie (36%), George McGovern (23%), Hubert Humphrey (2%), Eugene McCarthy (1%), Shirley Chisholm (1%), and Henry M. Jackson (1%)
1976 (January 19): "Uncommitted" (37%), Jimmy Carter (28%), Birch Bayh (13%), Fred R. Harris (10%), Morris Udall (6%), Sargent Shriver (3%), and Henry M. Jackson (1%)
1980 (January 21): Jimmy Carter (59%) and Ted Kennedy (31%)
1984 (February 20): Walter Mondale (49%), Gary Hart (17%), George McGovern (10%), Alan Cranston (7%), John Glenn (4%), Reubin Askew (3%), and Jesse Jackson (2%)
1988 (February 8): Dick Gephardt (31%), Paul Simon (27%), Michael Dukakis (22%), Jesse Jackson (9%), and Bruce Babbitt (6%)
1992 (February 10): Tom Harkin (76%), "Uncommitted" (12%), Paul Tsongas (4%), Bill Clinton (3%), Bob Kerrey (2%), and Jerry Brown (2%)
1996 (February 12): Bill Clinton (98%), "Uncommitted" (1%), and Ralph Nader (1%)
2000 (January 24): Al Gore (63%) and Bill Bradley (37%)
2004 (January 19): John Kerry (38%), John Edwards (32%), Howard Dean (18%), Dick Gephardt (11%), and Dennis Kucinich (1%)
2008 (January 3): Barack Obama (38%), John Edwards (30%), Hillary Clinton (29%), Bill Richardson (2%), and Joe Biden (1%)
2012 (January 3): Barack Obama (98%), and "Uncommitted" (2%)
2016 (February 1): Hillary Clinton (50%), Bernie Sanders (49%), and Martin O'Malley (1%)`
2020 (February 3):
State Delegate Equivalents: Pete Buttigieg (26%), Bernie Sanders (26%), Elizabeth Warren (18%), Joe Biden (16%), Amy Klobuchar (12%), and others (2%)
Delegates: Pete Buttigieg (14), Bernie Sanders (12), Elizabeth Warren (8), Joe Biden (6), Amy Klobuchar (1), and others (0)
First Round Popular Vote: Bernie Sanders (25%), Pete Buttigieg (21%), Elizabeth Warren (18%), Joe Biden (15%), Amy Klobuchar (13%), Andrew Yang (5%), Tom Steyer (2%), and others (1%)
Second Round Popular Vote: Bernie Sanders (27%), Pete Buttigieg (25%), Elizabeth Warren (20%), Joe Biden (14%), Amy Klobuchar (12%), Andrew Yang (1%), uncommitted (1%), and others (0%)

Republican results
1976 (January 19): Gerald Ford (45%) and Ronald Reagan (43%)
1980 (January 21): George H. W. Bush (32%), Ronald Reagan (30%), Howard Baker (15%), John Connally (9%), Phil Crane (7%), John B. Anderson (4%), and Bob Dole (2%)
1984 (February 20): Ronald Reagan (unopposed)
1988 (February 8): Bob Dole (37%), Pat Robertson (25%), George H. W. Bush (19%), Jack Kemp (11%), and Pete DuPont (7%)
1992 (February 10): George H. W. Bush (unopposed)
1996 (February 12): Bob Dole (26%), Pat Buchanan (23%), Lamar Alexander (18%), Steve Forbes (10%), Phil Gramm (9%), Alan Keyes (7%), Richard Lugar (4%), and Morry Taylor (1%)
2000 (January 24): George W. Bush (41%), Steve Forbes (31%), Alan Keyes (14%), Gary Bauer (9%), John McCain (5%), and Orrin Hatch (1%)
2004 (January 19): George W. Bush (unopposed)
2008 (January 3): Mike Huckabee (34%), Mitt Romney (25%), Fred Thompson (13%), John McCain (13%), Ron Paul (10%), Rudy Giuliani (4%), and Duncan Hunter (1%)
2012 (January 3): Rick Santorum (25%), Mitt Romney (25%), Ron Paul (21%), Newt Gingrich (13%), Rick Perry (10%), Michele Bachmann (5%), and Jon Huntsman (1%)
2016 (February 1): Ted Cruz (28%), Donald Trump (24%), Marco Rubio (23%), Ben Carson (9%), Rand Paul (5%), Jeb Bush (3%), Carly Fiorina (2%), and others (7%)
2020 (February 3): Donald Trump (97%), Bill Weld (1%), Joe Walsh (1%), and others (1%)

See also

Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2020
Iowa Republican caucuses, 2020
Republican Party presidential primaries, 2020
Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2020
United States presidential election
Iowa Straw Poll

Notes

Further reading
 Hull, Christopher C. 2007. Grassroots Rules: How The Iowa Caucus Helps Elect American Presidents. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
 Redlawsk, David P., Caroline J. Tolbert, and Todd Donovan, 2011. Why Iowa?: How Caucuses and Sequential Elections Improve the Presidential Nominating Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, www.whyiowa.org
 Skipper, John C., 2009. The Iowa Caucuses: First Test of Presidential Aspirations, 1972–2008. McFarland Publishing, Jefferson, NC.
 Squire, Peverill, ed. 1989. The Iowa Caucuses and the Presidential Nominating Process. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
 Winebrenner, Hugh. 1998. The Iowa Precinct Caucuses: The Making of a Media Event. 2nd ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press.

External links
 Iowa presidential election statistics at CountingTheVotes.com
 2012 Iowa Caucuses website
 CNN's 2004 Iowa Primaries results
 Iowa Caucus 2016 via The Gazette
 Learn how to caucus: Farm bureau tutorial
 Why do the Iowa caucuses matter?
 Website for the Iowa Caucuses (Democrats)

Iowa caucuses


ස්මිතා බන්සාල් යනු ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී සහ බොලිවුඩ් චිත්‍රපට නිළියකි. ඇගේ වැදගත් රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා අතරට සී ටීවී කතාමාලා වන අමානත්, ආශිර්වාද් සහ සර්හදේන් කතාමාලා අයත් ය. 2008දී ඇය බොලිවුඩ් චිත්‍රපටයක් වන කර්ස්ස්ස්ස් හි ද චරිත නිරූපණය කළා ය. ඇය හොඳම සහාය නිළිය සඳහා වන ITA සම්මානය සහ ඉන්දියානු ටෙලි සම්මානය හිමි කරගත්තේ බාලිකා වධු කතාමාලාවේ ඇගේ රංගනය වෙනුවෙනි.

නිර්මාණ දායකත්වය
රූපවාහිනිය
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! නම !! චරිතය
|-
|කෝරා කගාස් || ප්‍රියා
|-
|කහානි ඝාර් ඝාර් කී || නිවේදිතා කමල් අගර්වාල්
|-
|කසෞතී සින්දගි කේ || නිවේදිතා බාසු / නිවේදිතා අනූපම් සේන්ගුප්තා
|-
|කොහි අප්නා සා || ශ්‍රැති තුෂාර්ගිල් / මල්ලිකා
|-
|අමානත් || ආචාර්ය බාලා
|-
|සංජීවනී - අ මෙඩිකල් බූන් || නේහා
|-
|දාල් මේන් කාලා || ජූලී
|-
|යේ මේරි ලයිෆ් හේ || පූර්ණිමා
|-
|ආශිර්වාද් || විශාඛා
|-
|සර්හදේන් || චාන්දනී
|-
|විරාසත් || ගාර්ගි කුණාල් ඛාර්බන්දා
|-
|බාලිකා වධු || සුමිත්‍රා භෛරන් සිං
|-
|සී.අයි.ඩී. || උප-පරීක්ෂක ආදිති
|-
| ඉතිහාස් || පද්මිනී
|-
|ෆියර් ෆැක්ටර් - ඛාත්‍රොන් කේ ඛිලාඩි වාරය 4 || තරගකාරිණිය
|-
|තුල්සි || තුල්සි
|-
|ද චැලෙන්ජ් || සොනාලි
|-
|අල්ප්විරාම් || ශ්වේතා
|-
|එක්ස් සෝන් || සෝනියා
|-
|නච් මෙලියේ 5 || ඇය ලෙසම
|-
|'සංස්කෘති || පායල්
|-
|පානි පූරි || දිව්‍යා පානි
|-
|සින්දගී අභි බාකි හේ මෙරේ ගෝස්ට් ||රාධා පලේකාර්
|-
|ජානා නා දිල් සේ දූර් || සුමන් රාමකාන්ත් වෛශිෂ්ට්
|}

චිත්‍රපට වෘත්තියකර්ස්ස්ස්ස් (හින්දි) - රවීගේ සොයුරිය (ජ්‍යෝති වර්මා හෙවත් පිංකි) ලෙසහම් තෝ මොහබ්බත් කරේගා (හින්දි)දයා (මලයාලම්) - කුමරිය ලෙස

වේදිකාගෙට් රිඩ් ඔෆ් මයි වයිෆ් විත් පරිතෝශ් පේන්ටර්''

සම්මාන

මේවාත් බලන්න
 ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී නිළියන් ලැයිස්තුව

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි

ජීවත්වන්නෝ
ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී නිළියෝ
උපන් වර්ෂය දක්නට නොමැති ලිපි (ජීවත්වන්නෝ)

ස්මිතා බන්සාල්


Dmytro Oleksiyovytch Jyvytsky (en  ; né le  à Soumy), est un homme politique, entrepreneur, personnalité publique et fonctionnaire ukrainien qui a été le gouverneur de l'oblast de Soumy du  jusque le 24 janvier 2023. Il était auparavant sous-ministre de l'Infrastructure de l'Ukraine.

Biographie

Formation
De 1999 à 2004, il est étudiant en ingénierie à l'Université d'État de Soumy. Il obtient une maîtrise et un diplôme avec mention.

De septembre 2001 à février 2002, il travaille chez Soumtchanka-Tepigtar, dans la production de carton ondulé.

D'août 2002 à avril 2005, il travaille pour la Souminaftoprodukt en tant que directeur technique adjoint pour l'exploitation et la réparation des bases pétrolières et des stations-service. D'avril 2005 à juillet 2005, il travaille comme ingénieur d'études du bureau d'étude spécial des turbocompresseurs, au département des groupes de pompage de gaz.

De décembre 2005 à avril 2016, il est entrepreneur individuel, au Centre d'Ingénierie et Technique "Technologies Modernes de Sécurité", vendant l'installation et la maintenance d'automatismes et de moyens techniques de protection.

À côté de sa formation d'ingénieur il se spécialise dans la gestion publique par des échanges avec les pays d'Europe de l'ouest. En mai 2008, il a été stagiaire au Parlement suédois à Stockholm, étudiant l'interaction de la législature suédoise avec les autres autorités publiques et le public. À plusieurs reprises il fait des stages auprès de la chambre de commerce de Lugano en Suisse et suit des formations en Allemagne et Pologne.

Fonction publique
De avril 2016 à septembre 2019, Jyvytsky a fait partie de l'administration d'État régionale de Soumy, en tant que vice-président - chef de cabinet et membre du conseil des entrepreneurs de l'administration d'État régionale de Soumy.

En 2018-2019, il étudie à l'Académie nationale d'administration publique d'Ukraine.

De septembre 2019 à mars 2020, Jyvytsky est le premier vice-ministre du ministère du Développement des communautés et des territoires d'Ukraine, traitant des questions de développement régional, de logement et de services communaux, d'efficacité énergétique et de gestion des biens de l'État. Du gouvernement ukrainien, il est le coordinateur national des projets internationaux et des projets du FMI (Programme transnational du Danube, Banque mondiale, Banque européenne d'investissement), assure la gestion générale du projet, est responsable de l'organisation, du contrôle et du suivi des activités de mise en œuvre du projet.

Le , Jyvytsky est nommé vice-ministre des Infrastructures de l'Ukraine.

Le , Jyvytsky est nommé gouverneur de l'oblast de Soumy.
Il a été démis de ses fonctions de gouverneur le 24 janvier 2023.

Vie privée
Jyvytsky est marié à Daria Jyvytska. Le couple a deux filles : Solomiya et Miroslava.

Notes et références

Naissance en septembre 1982
Naissance à Soumy
Personnalité politique ukrainienne

Dmytro Jyvytsky


Christian Friedrich August von Moller (* 27. Mai 1734 in Berlin; † 12. September 1802 ebenda) war ein königlich preußischer Generalmajor und Chef eines Artillerie-Regiments. Zudem wurde er Assessor des 3. Departments des Oberkriegskollegiums.

Sein Vater war Geheimrat und Regimentsquartiermeister des Artilleriekorps. Auch sein Onkel Karl Friedrich von Moller war erfolgreicher Artillerie-Offizier.

Leben
Er kam am 14. Januar 1748 als Bombardier zur Artillerie. Er wurde am 15. August 1750 Seconde-Lieutenant und am 13. Mai Premier-Lieutenant. Er übersprang den Stabskapitän und bekam am 27. Dezember 1761 gleich eine Kompanie. Am 25. Mai 1772 wurde er Major und im September 1772 Kommandeur des 8. Bataillons des Artilleriekorps. Am 25. Juni 1779 wurde er zum Oberstleutnant befördert. Am 11. Dezember 1785 wurde er Oberst. 1786 wurde ihm das 3. Artillerie-Regiment übergeben. Am 25. Juni 1787 wurde er Assessor im 3. Department des neuerrichteten Oberkriegskollegiums. Am 20. Juni 1789 wurde er während der Revue des Artilleriekorps zum Generalmajor ernannt. Für seine Leistungen bekam er vom König Friedrich Wilhelm II. am 2. Juli 1788 ein Geldgeschenk von 3000 Talern.

1792 wurde er Chef und Generalinspekteur der ganzen Artillerie. Nach der Kanonade von Valmy begab er sich in das Hauptquartier. 1793 befehligte er die Belagerungsartillerie vor Mainz und wurde am 18. September 1795 pensioniert.

Er besaß ein Haus hinter dem Berliner Zeughaus, beim Gießhaus, in dem die brandenburgischen Kanonenrohre gegossen wurden, und wohnte dort auch. Nach ihm wurde dies um 1789 als Mollergasse benannt. In den 2010er Jahren wurde die Straße entwidmet; sie liegt heute auf einem Privatgrundstück östlich an den Pei-Bau angrenzend.

Familie
Er war mit Antoinette Schönermark verheiratet. Sie war die Tochter des königlichen Geheimrats und Direktor des Oberreichskammer Johann Ernst Schönermark († 17. Mai 1781 in Berlin).

Literatur
 Louis von Malinowsky, Robert von Bonin: Geschichte der brandenburgisch-preussischen Artillerie. Band 1. Duncker und Humblot, Berlin 1840, S. 207; .

Einzelnachweise

Regimentsinhaber der Frühen Neuzeit
Person im Siebenjährigen Krieg (Preußen)
Person in den Koalitionskriegen (Preußen)
General der Frühen Neuzeit (Brandenburg-Preußen)
Artillerist (Preußen)
Geboren 1734
Gestorben 1802
Mann

Christian Friedrich August von Moller


ويندوز ميلينيوم إديشن  أو ويندوز الالفية ، هو نظام تشغيل هجين 16بت/32 بت ذو واجهة رسومية ، تم إطلاقه من قبل مايكروسوفت في 14 سبتمبر، 2000. كان الاسم الكودي له في الأصل ميلينيوم.

الأضافات الجديدة

 استعادة النظام
 نظام حماية الملفات
 التحديثات التلقائية
 عارض الصور والفاكس للويندوز
 نظام اشبك واعمل (Universal Plug and Play)

متطلبات النظام

متطلبات دنيا
 المعالج:150ميجاهرتز
 مساحة القرص الصلب: 320 ميجابايت
 الذاكرة العشوائية: 32 ميجابايت

متطلبات ينصح بها
 المعالج : 300 ميجاهرتز
 مساحة القرص الصلب : 2 جيجا بايت
 الذاكرة العشوائية : 96 ميجابايت

مراجع

أشكال دوس
برمجيات 2000
مايكروسوفت ويندوز
منتجات وخدمات توقفت في 2006

ويندوز ميلينيوم


L'équipe du Maroc de football participe à la Coupe du monde de football 2022 organisée au Qatar du 20 novembre au .

Elle termine à la , devenant la première équipe africaine à atteindre les demi-finales d'une Coupe du monde de football.

Avant-tournoi

Contexte
La participation du Maroc en Coupe du monde de football 2022 se déroule après l'échec à la Coupe d'Afrique des nations 2021. Après avoir terminés en tête d'un groupe composé du Ghana, du Gabon et des Comores, les Lions de l'Atlas battent le Malawi (2-1) en huitièmes de finales avant d'être éliminés face à l'Égypte malgré avoir ouvert le score (2-1, après prolongation).

En mars 2022, le Maroc se qualifie pour la Coupe du monde 2022 au Qatar, après avoir battu la République démocratique du Congo (aller à Kinshasa: 1-1, retour à Casablanca: 4-1), ce qui lui permet de disputer sa sixième phase finale depuis sa première participation en 1970 au Mexique.

Le 31 août 2022, Walid Regragui est présenté en tant que nouveau sélectionneur de l'équipe nationale par Fouzi Lekjaa lors d'une conférence de presse au Complexe Mohammed VI. Il succède ainsi à Vahid Halilhodžić, déjà très critiqué depuis l'élimination de la CAN et qui avait des conflits avec certains cadres de l'équipe tels que Hakim Ziyech et Noussair Mazraoui. Survenant à moins de trois mois de la Coupe du monde, cette décision soulève quelques inquiétudes chez les supporters.

Le staff technique est composé de deux anciens internationaux marocains, Gharib Amzine et Rachid Benmahmoud comme adjoints et Omar Harrak comme entraîneur des gardiens. Moussa El Habchi, déjà présent sous l'ère Vahid est chargé de l'analyse vidéo.

Le 12 septembre, il publie sa première liste en ayant pour but de ne pas effectuer beaucoup de changements. Il convoque pour la première fois le latéral gauche Hamza El Moussaoui, le milieu Abdelhamid Sabiri et l'attaquant Walid Cheddira. Le 23 septembre, il dispute son premier match face au Chili et lance dans le bain quelques nouveaux éléments dont Walid Cheddira, Abdelhamid Sabiri et Ez Abde (victoire, 2-0).

Qualifications

Deuxième tour - Groupe I

|}

Tour final

Préparation

Matchs de préparation à la Coupe du monde
Liste détaillée des matches du Maroc depuis sa qualification à la Coupe du monde :

Match amicaux

Qualifications à la Coupe d'Afrique des Nations

Effectif
Le , Walid Regragui révèle sa liste des 26 joueurs sélectionnés pour prendre part à la Coupe du monde 2022, avec plusieurs surprises dont un retour en équipe nationale de Abderrazak Hamed-Allah et la convocation de Bilal El Khannouss, âgé de dix-huit ans. On note également les absences surprenantes de Soufiane Rahimi, Anas Zniti et Ayoub El Kaabi. Ryan Mmaee, Tarik Tissoudali, Imrân Louza et Adam Masina sont tous blessés ou en retour de blessure.

Le 13 novembre 2022, Amine Harit est lui aussi victime d'une grave blessure lors de la dernière journée de Ligue 1 avant la Coupe du monde, il est déclaré forfait pour la compétition et est remplacé par Anass Zaroury.

Compétition

Format et tirage au sort
Le tirage au sort de la Coupe du monde a lieu le vendredi  au Centre des expositions à Doha. C'est le classement de mars qui est pris en compte, la sélection se classe  du classement FIFA, et est placée dans le chapeau 3.

Les différents sélectionneurs réagissent à ce tirage au sort. Selon le sélectionneur des Rouges John Herdman,  et . Pour le sélectionneur de la Belgique, Roberto Martínez, c'est . Pour le sélectionneur croate Zlatko Dalić, . Pour finir, selon le sélectionneur du Maroc Vahid Halilhodžić, .

Selon l'international belge Toby Alderweireld, . Et son coéquipier Thomas Meunier a dit que . , a souligné le Montréalais Samuel Piette.

Premier tour

Maroc - Croatie

Belgique - Maroc

Canada - Maroc

Huitième de finale

Maroc - Espagne

Quart de finale

Maroc - Portugal

Demi-finale

France - Maroc

Match pour la troisième place

Croatie - Maroc

Statistiques

Temps de jeu

Buteurs

Passeurs décisifs

Notes et références

2022
Maroc
Sport au Maroc en 2022

Équipe du Maroc de football à la Coupe du monde 2022


Pangeran Puger es un nombre javanés compuesto por la palabra pangeran (príncipe) y el nombre Puger. Puede hacer referencia a las siguientes personas:

Pangeran Puger, príncipe de Mataram rebelado contra el rey entre 1602 y 1605.
Pangeran Puger, susuhunan de Mataram entre 1708 y 1719 con el nombre de Pakubuwana I.

Referencias

Pangeran Puger


Maklura (lat. Maclura), rod dvodomnog bodljikavog manjeg drveća, grmova i penjačica iz porodice dudovki. Pripada mu deset vrsta na jugu i jugoistoku Azije, istočnim dijelovima Afrike, jugu Sjeverne Amerike Južnoj Americi.

Neke vrste (M. pomifera) uvezene su i u dijelove Europe (uključujući među njima i Hrvatsku).

Većina vrsta roda kudranija (Cudrania) uključena je u rod maklura.

Vrste
 Maclura africana (Bureau) Corner
 Maclura andamanica (King ex Hook.f.) C.C.Berg
 Maclura brasiliensis (Mart.) Endl.
 Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner
 Maclura fruticosa (Roxb.) Corner
 Maclura humbertii (Leandri) Corner
 Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.
 Maclura spinosa (Willd.) C.C.Berg
 Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex Steud.
 Maclura tricuspidata Carrière

Sinonimi
 Cardiogyne Bureau
 Chlorophora Gaudich.
 Cudrania Trécul
 Cudranus Miq.
 Ioxylon Raf.
 × Macludrania André
 Plecospermum Trécul
 Sukaminea Raf.
 Toxylon Raf.
 Vanieria Lour.
 Fusticus Raf.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Dudovke

Maklura


An Dendrochilum turpe in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Oakes Ames, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer. An Dendrochilum turpe in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrochilum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dendrochilum

Dendrochilum turpe


Toxicity, System of a Down'ın ikinci stüdyo albümü.

Grup, bu albümde Onno Tunç'un kardeşi Arto Tunçboyacıyan ile birlikte çalışmış ve albümün son şarkısı Aerials'dan sonra gizli parça olarak "Arto" adlı müziği eklemiştir. Sonradan, Serj Tankian ile Arto Tunçboyacıyan SerArt adında bir albüm yayınlamıştır.

Şarkı listesi

I "Aerials", "Arto" adında gizli bir parça içerir.

Personel
System of a Down
 Serj Tankian – Vokal, klavye
 Daron Malakian – Gitar, vokal
 Shavo Odadjian – Bas gitar
 John Dolmayan – Bateri

Kaynakça

2001 albümleri
System of a Down albümleri
Billboard 200'de bir numara olan albümler
Yapımcısı Rick Rubin olan albümler

Toxicity


Yusuf  kelimesidir, o da  (Yoséf) kelimelerinden gelmektedir.

Kullanım

A
 Yusuf Abdürrezzak (d.1999), Katarlı millî futbolcu
 Yusuf Adil Egeli (1895-1966), Türk asker ve siyasetçi
 Yusuf Adil Şah (1450-1511), Adilşahlar hanedanının kurucusu
 Yusuf Agah Efendi (1744-1824), Osmanlı bürokrat
 Yusuf Ahlatçı (d.1972), Türk avukat ve siyasetçi
 Yusuf Ahmed (d.1988), Katarlı futbolcu
 Yusuf Akçura (1876-1935), Türk yazar ve siyasetçi
 Yusuf Akgün (d.1984), Türk aktör
 Yusuf Akyel (d.1991), Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Ali Özer (d.2002), İstanbul doğumlu Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Aliyev (1969-1991), Azerbaycanlı ulusal kahraman
 Yusuf Alper (d.1956), Türk şair ve yazar
 Yusuf Altıntaş (d.1961), Türk eski millî futbolcu
 Yusuf Amrani (d.1953), Faslı diplomat
 Yusuf Aslan (1947-1972), Deniz Gezmiş ile idam edilen Türk öğrenci
 Yusuf Atala (d.1957), Türk sinema, tiyatro ve dizi oyuncusu
 Yusuf Atılgan (1921-1989), Türk yazar ve öğretmen
 Yusuf Aysal (1909-1961), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Azizoğlu (1917-1970), Türk politikacı

B
 Yusuf Bahri Gürcan (d.1973), Türk balet
 Yusuf Bahri Tatlıoğlu (1880-1957), Türk siyaset adamı
 Yusuf Bal (d.1975), Türk şair
 Yusuf Balcıoğlu (d.1993), Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Baran (d.1977), Türk akademisyen ve rektör
 Yusuf Barası (d.2003), Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Başer (siyasetçi) (d.1965), Türk avukat ve siyasetçi
 Yusuf Başkaya (1879-1947), Türk politikacı
 Yusuf Besalel (d.1948), Türk yazar ve kimya mühendisi
 Yusuf Bey Kerem (1823-1889), Lübnanlı bir Maruni feodal
 Yusuf Beyazıt (d.1962), Türk bürokrat ve siyasetçi
 Yusuf Bozkurt Özal (1940-2001), Türk mühendis, siyasetçi ve Turgut Özal' ın kardeşi
 Yusuf Buluç (d.1947), Türk büyükelçi

C
 Yusuf Can Zeybek (d.1994), Türk millî güreşçi ve başpehlivan
 Yusuf Cemal Keskin (d.1954), Türk kemençeci ve devlet sanatçısı
 Yusuf Coşkun (d.1965), Türk avukat ve politikacı

Ç
 Yusuf Çapraz Anadolu Lisesi, Edirne de lise
 Yusuf Çağatay (1927-1994), Türk oyuncu
 Yusuf Çelebi (1414-1429), Osmanlı padişahı Çelebi Mehmed'in oğlu
 Yusuf Çetin (din adamı) (d.1954), Süryani din adamı
 Yusuf Çetin (sanatçı) (d.1946), Kürt oyuncu
 Yusuf Çetin (siyasetçi) (d.1927), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Çim (d.1991), Türk şarkıcı ve sunucu

D
 Yusuf Dayı Camii, Tunus da bir camii
 Yusuf Demir (d.2003), Avusturya doğumlu Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Demirdağ (1911-1972), Türk asker ve siyaset adamı
 Yusuf Demirkol (d.1980), Zakkum grubunun solisti, gitaristi ve bestecisi
 Yusuf Demirtaş (d.1951), Kayseri doğumlu Türk ressam
 Yusuf Devran (d.1969), Türk akademisyen
 Yusuf Dikeç (d.1973), Türk atıcı

E
 Yusuf Efendi Camii, Makedonya' da Osmanlı camii
 Yusuf Ekinci (d.1943), Türk siyasetçi ve eğitmen
 Yusuf Elgörmüş (d.1968), Türk hekim ve iş insanı
 Yusuf Emre Fırat (d.2000), Türk olimpiyat kros kayakçısı
 Yusuf Emre Gültekin (d.1993), Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Ensar Poyrazlı (d.2002), Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Eradam (d.1954), Türk şair ve çevirmen
 Yusuf Erbay (d.1961), Türk bürokrat
 Yusuf Erboy (d.1967), Türk eski basketbolcu
 Yusuf Erdoğan (d.1992), Türk futbolcu

F
 Yusuf Fahir Ataer (1891-1967), Bektaşi babası
 Yusuf Fehmi Genç (d.2002), Türk halterci
 Yusuf Fertut (d.1970), Faslı millî futbolcu
 Yusuf Fevzi Arıcı (d.1940), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Franko Paşa (1855-1933), Osmanlı devlet adamı

G
 Yusuf Garibi (1756-1818), Türk divan edebiyatı şairi
 Yusuf Gasımov (1968-1992), Karabağ şavaşı şehidi
 Yusuf Gedikli (d.1954), Türkolog ve yazar
 Yusuf Göktuğ Ergin (d.1984), Türk olimpik okçu ve antrenör
 Yusuf Günay (d.1965), Türk bürokrat ve spor yöneticisi
 Yusuf Günaydın (d.1948), Türk diş hekimi ve siyaset insanı
 Yusuf Güney (d.1984), Trabzon doğumlu Türk pop şarkıcısı
 Yusuf Güven (d.1963), Türk görüntü ve film yönetmeni

H
 Yusuf Haci (d.1980), Faslı eski futbolcu
 Yusuf Haçı Nur (ö.2019), Somalili siyasetçi ve avukat
 Yusuf Hakkı Doğan (d.1964), Türk yargıtay üyesi
 Yusuf Halaçoğlu (d.1949), Türk tarihçi ve politikacı
 Yusuf Haravi (d.1965), Cezayir doğumlu millî futbolcu
 Yusuf Has Hacib, Yazar
 Yusuf Hasan (d.1996), Katarlı millî futbolcu
 Yusuf Hayaloğlu (1953-2009), Zaza asıllı Türk şair ve söz yazarı
 Yusuf Hemedanî (1048-1140), Din bilgini
 Yusuf Hikmet Bayur (1891-1980), Türk tarihçi ve siyasetçi

İ
 Yusuf İmamoğlu (1945-1970), öldürülen Türk öğrenci
 Yusuf İmanov (d.2002), Azeri millî futbolcu
 Yusuf İsa Halim (1894-1982), Kırım Tatar şair, öğretmen ve dilbilimci
 Yusuf İslam (d.1948), İngiliz müzisyen
 Yusuf İzzeddin Efendi (1857-1916), Türk asker ve Osmanlı hanedan mensubu
 Yusuf İzzet (1876-1922), Çerkes asıllı Osmanlı asker ve siyasetçi
 Yusuf İzzet Birant (1902-1968), Türk siyasetçi

K
 Yusuf Kadir Han, Karahanlı hükümdar
 Yusuf Kaplan (d.1964), Türk gazeteci ve yazar
 Yusuf Karabaği (1532-1591), Azerbaycanlı bilim insanı
 Yusuf Karagöz (d.1999), Türk kaleci
 Yusuf Karslıoğlu (1889-1970), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Karş (1908-2002), Kanadalı Ermeni fotoğrafçı
 Yusuf Kemal Tengirşenk (1878-1969), Osmanlı milletvekili
 Yusuf Kenan Bey (ö.1915), Türk pilot
 Yusuf Kenan Doğan (1944-2015), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Kenan Orer (1889-1959), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Kenan Sönmez (1948-2020), Türk siyaset adamı
 Yusuf Kılıç, Toroslar, Mersin Toroslar da mahalle
 Yusuf Kırkpınar (d.1949), Türk gazeteci ve iş insanı
 Yusuf Koç (1955-2020), Türk mühendis ve bürokrat
 Yusuf Kubbesi, Kubbetü's-Sahre de kubbeli yapı
 Yusuf Kumlutaş (d.1963), Türk herpetolog
 Yusuf Kurtuluş (d.1986), Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Kurçenli (1947-2012), Türk film yönetmeni ve senarist
 Yusuf Kâmil Paşa (1808-1876), Osmanlı devlet adamı
 Yusuf Küpeli (1944-2021), 68 kuşağı önderlerinden

L
 Yusuf Lawal (d.1998), Nijeryalı futbolcu
 Yusuf Leblebici (d.1962), Türk elektrik mühendisi

M
 Yusuf Mardin (1916-1995), Türk yazar ve şair
 Yusuf Mayda (d.1964), Türk bürokrat
 Yusuf Memmedaliyev (1905-1961), Sovyet Azeri kimyacı
 Yusuf Mersin (d.1994), İngiltere doğumlu Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Mert Tunç (d.2000), Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Mesakini (d.1990), Tunuslu futbolcu
 Yusuf Miroğlu, Deli Yürek' te kurgusal karakter
 Yusuf Mirzayev (1958-1993), Karabağ savaşı sehiti
 Yusuf Muhtari (d.1979), Faslı millî futbolcu ve teknik direktör

N
 Yusuf Nalkesen (1923-2003), Türk bestekâr
 Yusuf Namoğlu (d.1947), Türk siyasetçi ve eski futbol hakemi
 Yusuf Nassi (1524-1579), Yahudi diplomat ve yönetici
 Yusuf Nasır (d.1990), Kuveyt millî futbolcu
 Yusuf Nazım (d.1962), Türk öykü ve gazete yazarı

O
 Yusuf Odabaş (d.1952), Türk bürokrat

Ö
 Yusuf Özdemir (d.2001), Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Öztürkmen (1936-2006), Türk siyasetçi

P
 Yusuf (peygamber), İbrani din büyüğü ve ata
 Yusuf Pirhasan, Türk yönetmen

R
 Yusuf Razi Bel (1870-1947), Osmanlı devlet adamı
 Yusuf Razuka (d.1957), Tunuslu şair ve yazar
 Yusuf Rusi (d.1973), Faslı millî futbolcu
 Yusuf Rıza Gilani (d.1952), Pakistanlı siyasetçi
 Yusuf Rıza Paşa (1826-1895), Osmanlı diplomat

S
 Yusuf Salman (1888-1960), Yahudi kökenli Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Sarı (d.1998), Fransa doğumlu Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Sarınay (d.1959), Türk bilim insanı
 Yusuf Selahattin Beyribey (d.1955), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Sezer (1934-2014), Türk oyuncu
 Yusuf Sezgin (d.1946), Türk sinema, dizi oyuncusu ve yönetmen
 Yusuf Sinan Paşa (1545-1606), Osmanlı devlet adamı
 Yusuf Soysal (d.1982), Almanya doğumlu Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Suresi, Kur'an'ın 12. suresi

T
 Yusuf Taktak (d.1951), Türk sanatçısı ve akademisyen
 Yusuf Tavaslı (d.1935), Türk yazar ve din adamı
 Yusuf Tazim (1467-1512), kurgusal karakter
 Yusuf Tekin (d.1970), Türk siyasetçi ve mevcut milli eğitim bakanı
 Yusuf Tepekule (d.1968), Küçük Yusuf lakaplı Türk eski millî futbolcu
 Yusuf Tokaç (d.1973), Türk eski futbolcu
 Yusuf Tunaoğlu (1946-2000), Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Tülün (d.1956), Türk politikacı

U
 Yusuf Ulusoy (1910 doğumlu siyasetçi) (1910-1991), Türk siyaset adamı
 Yusuf Ulusoy (1921 doğumlu siyasetçi) (1921-2005), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Uysal (1932-2011), Türk siyaset insanı

V
 Yusuf Vardar (1921-2009), Türk botanikçi
 Yusuf Vezir Çemenzeminli (1887-1942), Azeri araştırmacı ve yazar

Y
 Yusuf (Yeni Ahit), Meryem'in eşi
 Yusuf Yakupoğlu (1928-1974), Türk bürokrat
 Yusuf Yavaşcan (d.1956), Türk bürokrat
 Yusuf Yazıcı (d.1997), Türk millî futbolcu
 Yusuf Yağcı (1952-2023), Türk kimyacı
 Yusuf Yusuf (film), 2014 yapımı Türk filmi
 Yusuf Yusufi (1941-2014), Cezayirli politikacı
 Yusuf Yılmaz (akademisyen) (d.1978), Türk hekim ve rektör
 Yusuf Yılmaz (futbolcu) (d.1991), Almanya doğumlu Türk futbolcu
 Yusuf Yınal, Selçuklu döneminde Türk beyi

Z
 Yusuf Ziya (1882 doğumlu siyasetçi) (1882-1925), Kürt asıllı Türk siyaset adamı
 Yusuf Ziya (1886 doğumlu siyasetçi) (1886-1928), Türk siyaset adamı
 Yusuf Ziya Aldatmaz (d.1965), Türk politikacı
 Yusuf Ziya Arpacık (d.1958), Türk yazar ve askerî gönüllü
 Yusuf Ziya Bahadınlı (d.1927), Türk öğretmen ve yazar
 Yusuf Ziya Başara (1869-1943), Türk milletvekili
 Yusuf Ziya Demircioğlu (1887-1973), Türk araştırmacı ve tarihçi
 Yusuf Ziya Eker (1915-1983), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Ziya Eraydın (1892-1952), Türk politikacı
 Yusuf Ziya Erdem (1887-1957), Türk mühendis ve spor yöneticisi
 Yusuf Ziya Göksu (d.1945), Türk bürokrat
 Yusuf Ziya Günaydın (d.1949), Türk mimar ve eski belediye başkanı
 Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı (d.1938), Türk Amerikan İslam alimi
 Yusuf Ziya Kazancıoğlu (1914-1987), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Ziya Ortaç (1895-1967), Türk şair ve edebiyat öğretmeni
 Yusuf Ziya Paşa (1826 doğumlu devlet görevlisi) (1826-1882), Osmanlı devlet adamı
 Yusuf Ziya Paşa (1849 doğumlu devlet görevlisi) (1849-1929), Osmanlı devlet adamı, besteci ve diplomat
 Yusuf Ziya Turgut (1892-1980), Türk siyaset adamı
 Yusuf Ziya Yağcı (1926-1982), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Ziya Yücebilgin (1917-2000), Türk politikacı
 Yusuf Ziya Yılmaz (1927 doğumlu siyasetçi) (1927-2011), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Ziya Yılmaz (1951 doğumlu siyasetçi) (d.1951), Türk mühendis ve eski belediye başkanı
 Yusuf Ziya Zarbun (1877-1947), Türk siyaset insanı
 Yusuf Ziya Önder (1914-1984), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Ziya Öner Fen Lisesi, Antalya da fen lisesi
 Yusuf Ziya Öniş (1892-1960), Türk futbolcu ve spor yöneticisi
 Yusuf Ziya Öniş Stadyumu, İstanbul Sarıyer de stadyum
 Yusuf Ziya Özcan (d.1951), Türk akademisyen ve büyükelçi
 Yusuf Ziya Özenci (1875-1951), Türk siyasetçi
 Yusuf Ziya Özer (1870-1947), Türk politikacı
 Yusuf Ziya İsfendiyaroğlu (1878-1940), Türk politikacı
 Yusuf Ziyabey, Oltu, Erzurum Oltu da mahalle
 Yusuf Ziyaeddin Efendi (1830-1901), Arnavut asıllı Osmanlı siyasetçi
 Yusuf Zuayyin (1931-2016), Suriyeli siyasetçi
 Yusuf Zülfikar Paşa (1866-1952), Çerkes asıllı Mısırlı yargıç
 Hz. Yusuf (dizi), 2008 yapımı İran filmi

Ayrıca bakınız

Dış bağlantılar
 Türk Dil Kurumu' nda kelime arama

Yusuf (anlam ayrımı)


Bleikøya er en ø i Oslos fjordbassin (indre Oslofjord). Den ligger ud for Kongshavn, mellem Hovedøya og Sjursøya, og har helårs færgeforbindelse fra Rådhusbrygge 4, cirka 2 km væk (før 21. marts 2015 gik bådene fra Vippetangen).

Bleikøya ejes af staten, forvaltes af Statsbygg og er reguleret til friluftsområde. På øen ligger ca. 90 små hytter, bygget i 1920- og 1930'erne. Gården Bleikøyplassen har været beboet af samme familie siden 1700-tallet.

Navn og naturforhold
Navnet kommer fra det norrøne ordet bleikr som betyder «lys».

Øen er en knap en kilometer lang, 12,5 hektar stor og langstrakt i retning sydvest – nordøst. Geologisk ligger Bleikøya i området Oslofeltet med kalksten og skifer fra ordovicium.

Syd for Bleikøya ligger skæret Daggerskjær (dagger betyder vraltende småbørn), nord for øen ligger holmen Bleikøykalven. Bleikøykalven og Daggerskjær er viktige yngleområder for havfugle.

Naturreservat
På den nordøstlige del af øen ligger Bleikøya naturreservat på 7,4 hektar hvoraf 69 hektar er land. Fra 15. april til 15. juli (ynglesæsonen) er det forbudt at gå i land på Bleikøykalven.

Historie og bebyggelse
I middelalderen var Bleikøya klostergods under Hovedøya kloster. Efter at kongen overtog ejendomsretten i 1537, blev Bleikøya liggende ubrugt til begyndelsen af 1700-tallet.

Under det første Norgesfelttog i 1716 søgte Karl 12.s soldater den 21. mars ly bag øen for kanonbeskydningen fra Akershus fæstning.
Osloøernes eneste gård, Bleikøyplassen, findes nord på øen og har været beboet af samme familie siden tidlig på 1700-tallet. Gården har været drevet med dyr, græs, vadefiskeri (garn fra land) og bådbygning. Driften ophørte i 1980, mens familien bor fortsat på gården i 2010. Hovedhuset blev fredet i 1985.

På den sydlige del af øen har der ligget et hus kaldt krudthuset, hvor virksomheden Egene Dynamittfabrikk opbevarede krudt.

Direktør Gjerdrum opførte i 1864 et stort sommerhus, ved nutidens færgeleje på vestsiden. Ved kajen blev det bygget badehus og opsat to salutkanoner til brug ved festligheter. Kristiania kommune lejede villaen fra 1885 som sanatorium for børn med skrofulose, en form for tuberkulose som rammer lymfekirtlerne. Der var plads til 35 patienter, blandt dem også nogle voksne. Driften stansede i 1926, og patienterne blev overført til det udvidede Ullevål sykehus og Vardåsen i Asker. Villaen, som i sanatorieperioden blev kaldt doktorboligen, blev købt afborgerforeningen i 1926 og er i dag borgerhus og butik. En anden villa nær ved, Brunvillaen, som også blev brugt af sanatoriet, blev flyttet til Malmøykalven i 1926. Forfatteren Oskar Braaten var indlagt ved sanatoriet som barn, og har skildret opholdet i novellen Overgivelse.

I 1926 åbnede Landsbruksdepartementet, som forvaltede statens ejerrettigheder, for hyttebygning. Der havde da foregået camping og opsætning af enkle hytter på Lindøya siden omkring 1915, og tilladelsen blev givet til alle de tre øer Lindøya, Nakkholmen og Bleikøya. Regulering blev foretaget af departementet og Selskabet for Oslo Byes Vel.

Største tilladte grundareal på hytterne var oprindelig 25 kvadratmeter. De lejeaftaler som gælder i dag begrænser arealet på hytterne til 32 kvadratmeter og højden til 4,8 m for hytter med hems, og 40 kvadratmeter og højde 3,6 m for hytter uden hems. Lejeperioden er fra 1982 udvidet fra 1 år til 40 år, med 5 års automatisk fornyelse. Avisen Øya og vi for de tre hytteøer udkom fra 1928 til 1963.

I 1938 var grundene fuldt udnyttet, med cirka 90 hytter.

Vand fra det kommunale ledningsnet kom til øen i 1950'erne.

Kystverket har to fyrlygter for bådtrafikken på Bleikøya, helt mod nord på vestsiden og yderst på Bleikøykalven.

Foreningsliv
Bleikøya Vel, stiftet en gang før 1926, organiserer hytteboerne. Bleikøya Dameforening blev stiftet i 1928.

Eksterne henvisninger

 Bilde av hyttebygging 1923. oslobilder.no (avlest 30. juni 2010)
 Bleikøya.net Bleikøya Velforenings hjemmesider

Litteratur
 Leif Gjerland: Oslo øyrike før og nå. Oslo, Aschehoug, 2006, side 112-23. . Lettlest tekst med vekt på historie.
 Turguide til øyene. Oslo kommune, Friluftsetaten, 2010.

Øer i Oslo
Oslofjorden
Naturreservater i Norge

Bleikøya


Danielle Gros, né le , est une joueure de pétanque française.

Biographie

Elle est droitière et se positionne en tireuse ou milieu.

Clubs
 ?-? : Bormes-les-Mimosas (Var)
 ?-1977 : La Sollièsinne (Var)
 1978 : AS Boulomanes Brignoles (Var)
 1979-1980 : AB Jules Raimu Signes (Var)
 1981-? : Boule du Kiosque Sanary (Var)
 ?-1986 : AB Garéoult (Var)
 1987-? : La Sollièsinne (Var)
 ?-? : Boule du Cycle Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhône)
 ?-? : JB Hyères (Var)
 ?-? : Leï Renaires Le Lavandou (Var)
 ?-? : EB Arcoise (Var)
 ?-? : Le Luc (Var)
 ?- : ABC Draguignan (Var)

Palmarès

Séniors

Championnats de France
 Championne de France
 Doublette 1976 (avec Maïté Lombard) : La Sollièsinne
 Doublette 1979 (avec Maïté Lombard) : AB Jules Raimu
 Doublette 1981 (avec Sylvette Innocenti) : Boule du Kiosque Sanary
 Doublette 1982 (avec Sylvette Innocenti) : Boule du Kiosque Sanary
 Doublette 1983 (avec Sylvette Innocenti) : Boule du Kiosque Sanary
 Finaliste
 Doublette 1978 (avec Maïté Lombard) : AS Boulomanes Brignoles

Millau

Mondial à pétanque de Millau (2003-2015)
 Finaliste
 Doublette 2004 (avec Muriel Scuderi)
 Triplette 2005 (avec Magalie Vierne et Muriel Scuderi)

Références

Liens externes

Joueuse française de pétanque
Championne de France de pétanque
Naissance en juillet 1944
Lieu de naissance inconnu
Article à illustrer Pétanque

Danielle Gros


James Scott "Jim" Eakins (nacido el  en Sacramento, California) es un exjugador de baloncesto estadounidense que disputó ocho temporadas en la ABA y dos más en la NBA. Con 2,11 metros de estatura, jugaba en la posición de pívot.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Jugó durante tres temporadas en los Cougars de la Universidad Brigham Young, en las que promedió 9,8 puntos y 7,8 rebotes por partido. En su última temporada fue incluido en el mejor quinteto de la Western Athletic Conference, tras liderar la conferencia en rebotes, con 12,1 por partido.

Profesional
Fue elegido en la quincuagésimo séptima posición del Draft de la NBA de 1968 por San Francisco Warriors, y también por los Oakland Oaks en el Draft de la ABA, fichando por estos últimos. en su primera temporada, turnándose en la posición de pívot con Ira Harge, logró su primer anillo de campeón, derrotando en las Finales a los Indiana Pacers. Eakins promedió 13,0 puntos y 7,2 rebotes por partido ese año.

Al año siguiente el equipo se trasladó a la capital, convirtiéndose en los Washington Caps, y posteriormente a Virginia, pasando a denominarse Virginia Squires. Jugó en total seis temporadas en el equipo, siendo la más destacada la última de ellas, en la cual promedió 14,6 puntos y 9,6 rebotes por partido, siendo elegido para disputar el que sería su único All-Star Game, en el que lograría 2 puntos, 4 rebotes y 4 asistencias.

Antes del comienzo de la temporada 1974-75 fue traspasado junto con Larry Miller a los Utah Stars, a cambio de Johnny Neumann. En su primera temporada promedió 12,5 puntos y 7,2 rebotes por partido, jugando como titular. Cuando se llevaban 16 partidos disputados de la siguiente temporada, la franquicia quebró, fichando por los Virginia Squires, que poco después lo traspasarían a New Jersey Nets a cambio de Swen Nater y Bill Schaeffer, y allí conseguiría su segundo título de liga, derrotando en las Finales a los Denver Nuggets, jugando como suplente y promediando 6,2 puntos y 3,5 rebotes por partido.

Al año siguiente la ABA desaparece, y se une a la NBA. Los Nets traspasan entonces a Eakins junto con Brian Taylor y dos futuras primeras rondas de draft a Kansas City Kings a cambio de Nate Archibald. Allí el puesto de pívot es ocupado por Sam Lacey, teniendo que conformarse con ser su suplente, promediando 6,0 puntos y 4,4 rebotes por partido. Al término de la temporada es despedido, y tras dos breves contratos con San Antonio Spurs y Milwaukee Bucks, acaba retirándose al final de la temporada 1977-78.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la ABA y la NBA

Temporada regular

Playoffs

Vida posterior
Tras retirarse, ejerció como profesor en el Granite High School de Salt Lake City, ejerciendo además durante varios años como entrenador del equipo de fútbol femenino del instituto, a pesar de no haber practicado jamás ese deporte.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Ficha de Eakins en NBA.com
 Ficha de Jim Eakins en ultimatenba.com

Baloncestistas de California
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de la ABA
Baloncestistas de los BYU Cougars
Baloncestistas de los Oakland Oaks
Baloncestistas de los Washington Caps
Baloncestistas de los Virginia Squires
Baloncestistas de los Utah Stars
Baloncestistas de los New York Nets
Baloncestistas de los Kansas City Kings
Baloncestistas de los San Antonio Spurs
Baloncestistas de los Milwaukee Bucks
Nacidos en Sacramento

Jim Eakins


Pavel Aron () este un profesor și cercetător științific de literatură belgiană și franceză. Doctor în filosofie și arte al Universității Libere din Bruxelles, el este director de cercetare al Fondului Național pentru cercetare științifică (FNRS) și profesor de literatură și teorie literară la Universitatea Liberă din Bruxelles. Domeniul său de interes este istoria vieții literare, în principal din secolele al XIX-lea și al XX-lea, relațiile dintre arte și între presă și literatură.

Scrieri

 Cărți
 Les écrivains belges et le socialisme, 1880-1913 : L'expérience de l'art social, d'Edmond Picard à Émile Verhaeren, Bruxelles, Labor, « Archives du futur », 1985.
 La Mémoire en jeu. Une histoire du théâtre de langue française en Belgique, Bruxelles, La Lettre volée-Théâtre National de la Communauté française, 1995.
 cu Gisèle Sapiro și Frédérique Matonti (dir.), « Le Réalisme socialiste en France », Sociétés & Représentations, 15 décembre 2002.
 cu Denis Saint-Jacques și Alain Viala (dir.), Le Dictionnaire du littéraire, PUF, « Grands dictionnaires », 2002 ; rééd. , PUF, « Quadrige dicos poche », 2004; rééd. , PUF, « Quadrige dicos poche », 2010.
 Du pastiche, de la parodie et de quelques genres connexes, neuf études réunies et publiées par Paul Aron, Québec, Nota Bene, 2005.
 L'enseignement littéraire, PUF, « Que sais-je ? », 2005.
 La littérature prolétarienne en Belgique francophone depuis 1900, Bruxelles, Labor, « Espace Nord », 2006.
 cu Cécile Vanderpelen-Diagre, Vérités et mensonges de la collaboration. Trois écrivains racontent « leur » guerre, Bruxelles, Labor, 2006.
 La littérature prolétarienne en Belgique francophone depuis 1900, Seconde édition revue, Bruxelles, Labor, 2006.
 cu Alain Viala, Sociologie de la littérature, PUF, « Que sais-je ? », 2006.
 cu Alain Viala, Les 100 mots du littéraire, PUF, « Que sais-je ? », 2008.
 Dictionnaire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en Belgique (dir., cu José Gotovitch), Bruxelles, André Versaille éditeur, 2008, 527 p.
 Histoire du pastiche, PUF, « Littéraires (Les) », 2008.
 avec Jacques Espagnon, Répertoire des pastiches et parodies littéraires de langue française aux XIX et XX siècles, Paris, PUPS, 2009, 564 p. Prix du SLAM 2010.
  cu Françoise Chatelain, Manuel et anthologie de la littérature belge à l'usage des classes terminales de l'enseignement secondaire, Bruxelles, Le Cri, 2008, 274 p. Deux. éd, 2009-2010.
  cu Jean-Pierre Bertrand, Les 100 mots du surréalisme, Paris, PUF, 2010, 128 p. (coll. « Que sais-je ? »).
  cu Jean-Pierre Bertrand, Les 100 mots du symbolisme, Paris, PUF, 2011, 128 p. (coll. « Que sais-je ? »).
  cu Cécile Vanderpelen-Diagre, Edmond Picard (1836-1924). Un bourgeois socialiste belge à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Essai d'histoire culturelle, Bruxelles, Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, "Thèses et Essais", 2013.
  Anthologie du surréalisme belge. Textes réunis et présentés par Paul Aron et Jean-Pierre Bertrand, Bruxelles, Les Impressions nouvelles, coll. Espace Nord, 2015, 252 p.
  « Bruxelles, une géographie littéraire », Dossier sous la direction de Paul Aron et Laurence Brogniez, Textyles, 47, 2015.
  « Le naturalisme belge », Dossier des Cahiers naturalistes, ss la dir. de Paul Aron et Clara Sadoun-Edouard, n° 90 septembre 2016, 267 p.
  sub pseudonimul Roy Pinker, cu Yoan Vérilhac, Faire sensation. De l'enlèvement du bébé Lindbergh au Barnum médiatique, Marseille, Agone, 2017.
  « Le sens du social », Dossier dirigé par Paul Aron et Jean-Pierre Bertrand, Revue Romantisme, 175, 2017/1.
  Verhaeren en son temps, Dossier dirigé par Paul Aron et Jean-Pierre Bertrand, Textyles 50-51, 274 p. ☂
 (Re)faire de l'histoire littéraire, Paris, Aniwbe, coll. Liziba, 2017 ISBN 9782916121888

 Articole
 Les sources belges de Dracula, Le carnet et les instants, 2013, n° 178, p. 14-21.

Note

Legături externe
 Centre d'histoire de la littérature belge ULB

Nașteri în 1956
Istorici literari belgieni

Paul Aron


Jean Georges Lefranc de Pompignan (22 February 1715 in Montauban – 29 December 1790 in Paris) was a French clergyman, younger brother of Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de Pompignan.

Life
His father, Jacques Lefranc, was president of the Cour des Aides; and his mother, Mademoiselle de Caulet, was the daughter of a man who held a judicial rank in the Parlement de Toulouse. He was born in Montauban, and was raised at the family's Château de Cayx in Cahors.

Like his brother, he studied with the Jesuits at the Collège de Clermont,, and then with the Sulpicians.

Pompignan was Bishop of Le Puy from 1743 to 1774. As archbishop of Vienne his defense of the faith against Voltaire launched the good-natured mockery of Les Lettres d'un Quaker. He supported the Archbishop of Paris in lobbying for Louis XVI to follow tradition and hold his coronation at Reims Cathedral rather than at Paris as recommended by Minister Turgot.

Elected to the Estates General, he passed over to the Liberal side, and led the 149 members of the clergy who united with the third estate to form the National Assembly. He was one of its first presidents, and was minister of public worship when the Civil Constitution of the Clergy was forced upon the clergy.

References

1715 births
1790 deaths
French untitled nobility
Bishops of Le Puy-en-Velay
Archbishops of Vienne

Jean Georges Lefranc de Pompignan


Morvant est une localité de Trinité-et-Tobago, située à l'est de Port-d'Espagne, la capitale de l'île, dans la région de San Juan-Laventille.

Le secteur qui est densément peuplé, héberge une majorité d'habitants de la classe ouvrière, et a une réputation d'insécurité liée à une forte activité criminelle.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Ville à Trinité-et-Tobago

Morvant


Insel Verlag este o editură germană, care a fost fondată în 1901, la doi ani după apariția revistei literar-artistice Die Insel, și a avut sediul inițial în Leipzig. Compania are sediul la Berlin din 2010, după ce a avut anterior sediul la Frankfurt pe Main și a menținut o filială în Leipzig.

Împreună cu compania afiliată Deutscher Klassiker Verlag afiliată din 1981, editura Insel aparține grupului Suhrkamp. Ca urmare a intrării în insolvență a editurii Suhrkamp Verlag, Insel Verlag a solicitat, de asemenea, pe 3 iunie 2013 intrarea în insolvență și a solicitat o administrare judiciară.

Istoric

Începutul: 1899- 1918
În 1899 Otto Julius Bierbaum, Alfred Walter Heymel și Rudolf Alexander Schröder au fondat revista lunară Die Insel. Broșura a fost proiectată de Georges Lemmen și urma să fie o contribuție originală la peisajul literar și artistic al Germaniei. Sigla editurii, o navă cu două catarge, a fost proiectat de Peter Behrens pentru revistă. Încă de la publicarea broșurii s-a pus un accent mare pe aspectul artistic, iar ilustratori precum Heinrich Vogeler și Emil Rudolf Weiß au fost cooptați în echipa artistică. Printre primele cărți ale noii edituri au fost volumul de poezii Dir de Heinrich Vogeler și volumul de proză Fritz Kochers Aufsätze de Robert Walser. De exemplu, Vogeler a ilustrat cartea Der Kaiser und die Hexe de Hugo von Hofmannsthal.

La 1 octombrie 1901 a fost fondată editura Insel Verlag ca o societate cu răspundere limitată cu sediul în Leipzig, sub conducerea lui Rudolf von Poellnitz. După moartea lui la 14 februarie 1905 Carl Ernst Poeschel a preluat temporar conducerea editurii ca director interimar și la 1 iulie 1905 i s-a asociat Anton Kippenberg. După ce Poeschel a părăsit Insel Verlag în septembrie 1906, Anton Kippenberg a continuat să conducă singur editura. El a fost susținut de soția sa, Katharina, care lucra în cadrul editurii și, în 1918, a devenit reprezentant autorizat. Nepotul său, Max Christian Wegner, a devenit, de asemenea, în anii 1920 reprezentant autorizat al editurii Insel, înainte de a se transfera în 1930 la Bernhard Tauchnitz Verlag. În 1906 Kippenberg a mutat sediul editurii pe Kurze Straße 7 (de la 1 aprilie 2001 Spohrstraße), în casa în care se născuse Poeschel.

Pe lângă scrierile unor autori contemporani (precum Stefan Zweig, Hugo von Hofmannsthal sau Albrecht Schaeffer), Insel a publicat numeroase cărți de literatură universală. Operele lui Heinrich Heine, Friedrich Hölderlin, Heinrich von Kleist și Charles Dickens au apărut chiar în ediții cu mai multe volume (Heine, zece volume: 1910-1920; Dickens, douăsprezece volume: 1910-1913). Primul său succes financiar a avut loc cu publicarea seriei Tausendundeine Nacht ("O mie și una de nopți"), tradusă din engleză de Frederick Philip Grove, care a fost publicată în perioada 1907/1908 în douăsprezece volume.

Perioada 1919-1940

După sfârșitul Primului Război Mondial, în care editorul a fost încadrat în serviciul militar pe Frontul din Belgia, compania a avut o existență destul de grea. Pe măsură ce inflația a progresat, puterea de cumpărare a publicului a scăzut dramatic, iar circulația publicațiilor a scăzut rapid. Din 1919 până în 1927 Kippenberg a publicat colecția remarcabilă "Der Dom", care conținea scrieri de mistică germană în 13 volume. De asemenea, în 1919 a apărut pentru prima dată revista Inselschiff, iar un an mai târziu a început editarea colecțiilor de literatură universală Bibliotheca Mundi (coordonată de Stefan Zweig), Libri Librorum și Pandora, care au conținut cele mai bune opere literare universale a "se unesc pentru a Orbis Literarum" pentru a fi cele mai bune lucrări ale literaturii universale în original  ar trebui. În anii 1920 au fost publicate ediții în mai multe volume ale operelor lui Feodor Dostoievski (în traducerea lui Hermann Röhl), Stendhal (în traducerea lui Arthur Schurig și Otto von Taube), Lev Tolstoi, William Shakespeare, Theodor Storm și Rainer Maria Rilke, precum și operele complete ale lui Goethe, care au fost reeditate în șaptesprezece volume. Alți autori din acei ani au fost Georg Büchner, Émile Zola, William Butler Yeats, Ernst Penzoldt, Virginia Woolf și Paul Valéry.

Odată cu ascensiunea la putere a național-socialiștilor, aproximativ 30 de titluri editate de Insel au fost considerate nedorite și șterse din lista editurii. Cărțile unor autori evrei sau ale unor autori nepopulari din punct de vedere politic, precum Stefan Zweig sau Aldous Huxley, au fost interzise pentru publicare la mijlocul anilor 1930. Editura a supraviețuit în anii 1930 prin publicarea cărților unor scriitori clasici și unor scriitori contemporani neinterziși precum Hans Carossa, Edzard Schaper sau Reinhold Schneider.

Divizarea editurii după cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial
În noaptea de 3 spre 4 decembrie 1943 clădirea editurii de pe Kurzen Straße 7 din Leipzig a fost complet distrusă într-un atac aerian. După încheierea războiului, pe fondul divizării Germaniei între puterile aliate, Kippenberg a fondat o filială vest-germană a editurii la Wiesbaden, care a fost condusă de vechiul său coleg Friedrich Michael.

După moartea lui Kippenberg la 21 septembrie 1950, la Lucerna, fiica sa, Bettina von Bomhard, și apoi sora ei mai mare, Jutta von Hesler, au continuat să conducă compania de la Wiesbaden.

În RDG, editura Insel Verlag Anton Kippenberg nu a fost niciodată naționalizată complet, acțiunile individuale fiind deținute de stat sau de organele administrative de stat. Până în 1960 sediul editurii Insel a fost în RDG, iar apoi a fost mutat în RFG. În 1977, Insel a fost unită cu editurile Gustav Kiepenheuer, Dieterich și Paul List în grupul editorial Kiepenheuer, al cărui director a fost din 1979 până în 1990 Roland Links. Editura a continuat să se concentreze în RDG, în ciuda neîncrederii inițiale a guvernului, asupra moștenirii umaniste. La început, au apărut din ce în ce mai multe cărți ale autorilor socialiști, dar la sfârșitul anilor 1960 lucrările publicate au respectat programul editorial stabilit de Kippenberg. Operele unor scriitori precum Ricarda Huch, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Heinrich Boll, Oscar Wilde, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, Christian Morgenstern sau Virginia Woolf au fost mult timp disponibile în RDG doar în edițiile tipărite de Insel Verlag. Mai mult, editura a publicat noi ediții ale operelor literare germane mai vechi și noi traduceri ale operelor de bază ale literaturii mondiale.

În 1960 filiala vest-germană a fost desemnată sediul principal al editurii, iar administrația editurii s-a mutat la Frankfurt pe Main. În 1963 editura a fost preluată de Suhrkamp Verlag, căreia îi aparține și astăzi Insel Verlag. Conducerea editurii a fost preluată de editorul Suhrkamp, Siegfried Unseld. Fuziunea cu Suhrkamp i-a dat companiei un nou impuls economic.

Selecția titlurilor a respectat programul original al editurii și astfel au fost publicate ediții clasice în mai multe volume scrise de Lessing, Hölderlin, Schiller, Kleist sau E.T.A. Hoffmann. Printre autorii contemporani publicați se numără Reinhold Schneider, Erhart Kaestner, Marie Louise Kaschnitz, Hermann Lenz, Mircea Eliade și André Kaminski.

Siegfried Unseld a fondat în 1981 Deutscher Klassiker Verlag ca filială a editurilor Suhrkamp și Insel. Noua editură a pus accentul pe designul special al cărților, fiind selectate diferite materiale pentru copertă și pagini. Volumele au fost disponibile în șase nuanțe de albastru și conțineau o hârtie subțire confecționată special pentru bibliotecă, ca urmare a faptului că era rezistentă la îmbătrânire (Persia K). Începând de atunci, Deutscher Klassiker Verlag a publicat atât texte belletristice clasice, cât și scrieri istorice, filozofice și politice.

Colecții de cărți
 Insel-Bücherei (din 1912, peste 2.000 de volume)
 Memoiren und Chroniken (1914–1924)
 Österreichische Bibliothek (1915–1917, 26 vol.)
 Der Dom. Bücher deutscher Mystiker (1919–1927, 13 vol.; ediție facsimil, 1980)
 serii originale scrise în limbi străine cu puține titluri scrise în limba germană (Orbis literarum):
 Bibliotheca Mundi (1920–1923, 14 vol.) – opere alese ale unor autori importanți
 Libri Librorum (1921–1942, 5 vol.) – opere individuale de dimensiuni mari din literatura universală
 Reihe Pandora (1920–1921, 52 vol.) – poezie, proză și dramă, precum și scrieri mai mici despre politică, artă și cultură
 Deutsche Meister (1921–1934) – monografii despre arta germană și artiștii germani
 sammlung insel (1965–1969) – texte literare și științifice despre civilizația veche
 Bibliothek des Hauses Usher (1969–1975, 26 vol.) – literatură fantastică și stranie
 Phantastische Wirklichkeit (1971–1975, 15 vol.) – literatură științifico-fantastică internațională
 Insel-Taschenbücher (din 1972) – broșuri de toate genurile și din toate timpurile

Note

Bibliografie
 John D. Brinks: Vom Ornament zur Linie. Der frühe Insel-Verlag 1899 bis 1924. 2 Bände. Triton, Laubach 2000, ISBN 3-935518-00-5.
 Bettina Jütte: Verlagslizenzierungen in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone (1945–1949). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-023011-6
 Heinz Sarkowski: Der Insel Verlag. Eine Bibliographie 1899–1969. 2. Auflage. Insel, Frankfurt am Main und Leipzig 1999, ISBN 3-458-15611-9.
 Heinz Sarkowski: Der Insel-Verlag 1899–1999. Die Geschichte des Verlags. (Chronik 1965–1999 von Wolfgang Jeske. Eingeleitet von Siegfried Unseld). Insel, Frankfurt am Main/Leipzig 1999, ISBN 3-458-16985-7.
 Christian Wegner (Bearb.): Verzeichnis aller Veröffentlichungen des Insel Verlages 1899–1924. Etwa 1500 Einträge. Leipzig 1924.
 Bernhard Zeller (Hrsg.): Die Insel. Eine Ausstellung zur Geschichte des Verlages unter Anton und Katharina Kippenberg. Ausstellungskatalog. Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach 1965.
 100 Jahre Insel Verlag 1899–1999. Insel, Frankfurt am Main und Leipzig 1999, ISBN 3-458-34400-4.

Legături externe
 Offizielle Internetpräsenz des Verlags
 Gesamtverzeichnis des Insel Verlages 2007/2008 einschließlich des Deutschen Klassiker Verlages (PDF-Datei; 1,1 MB).
 Aktuelles Programm des Insel Verlags (Verlagsanzeige)
 Liste mit zurückliegenden Programmvorschauen des Insel Verlags

Edituri din Germania
Fondări în 1901

Insel Verlag


Kosmos 2429, ruski vojni navigacijski i komunikacijski satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Parus.

Lansiran je 11. rujna 2007. godine u 13:05 s kozmodroma Pljesecka. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Kosmos-3M 11K65M. Orbita mu je 955 km u perigeju i 1010 km u apogeju. Orbitne inklinacije je 82,98°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 32052. COSPARova oznaka je 2007-038-A. Zemlju obilazi u 104,74 minute. Pri lansiranju bio je mase kg.

Iz misije je ostao još jedan dio koji je ostao kružiti u niskoj orbiti.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
N2YO Satellite Database - Tehnical Details - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions (engl.)
Gunter's Space Page Parus (GLONASS-M, 11F627) (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2429


Se realizaron elecciones generales en Puerto Rico el 3 de noviembre de 1992.  Pedro Rosselló del Partido Nuevo Progresista fue elegido como Gobernador y al mismo tiempo su partido ganó el cargo de Comisionado Residente a la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos y la Asamblea Legislativa en ambas cámaras.

Resultados

Gobernador

Comisionado Residente

Cámara de Representantes

Senado

Referencias

Elecciones de Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico en 1992
Puerto Rico

Elecciones generales de Puerto Rico de 1992


Monacos Grand Prix 2014 (officielle navn: Formula 1 Grand Prix de Monaco 2014) var et Formel 1-løb som blev arrangeret 25. maj 2014 på Circuit de Monaco i Monte Carlo, Monaco. Det var det sjette løb i -sæsonen og det 72. Monacos Grand Prix. Løbet blev vundet af Mercedes-køreren Nico Rosberg, som dermed vandt Monacos GP for anden gang i træk. Hans teamkollega Lewis Hamilton tog andenpladsen, mens tredjepladsen blev taget af Red Bulls Daniel Ricciardo. Dette var Mercedes-holdets femte dobbeltsejr i træk, ny rekord i Formel 1-sammenhæng.

Resultater

Kvalifikation

Løbet

Noter til tabellerne:
  - Jules Bianchi fik en gridstraf på fem placeringer for at have foretaget en ikke-planlagt udskiftning af gearkasse før løbet.
  - Marcus Ericsson forårsagede en kollision med Felipe Massa i Q1, noget som forhindret Massa fra at deltage i Q2. Som straf måtte Ericsson starte løbet fra pit lane.

Stillingen i mesterskaberne efter løbet

Kørermesterskabet

Konstruktørmesterskabet

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Formel 1 2014
Monacos Grand Prix

Monacos Grand Prix 2014


Philadelphia Warriors, NBA liginde bugün bir Kaliforniya takımı olan Golden State Warriors'un ilk kurulduğu dönemlere taşıdığı isim.

1946 yılında Philadelphia'da kurulan takım o zaman adı Basketball Association of America (BAA) olan ligin ilk şampiyonluğunu kazanan takım olmuştur. 1955/1956 sezonunda Fort Wayne Pistons takımını 4-1'le geçerek 2. şampiyonluğunu kazanmıştır.

Takım 1962'de San Francisco'ya taşınarak San Francisco Warriors adını almıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 San Francisco Warriors
 Golden State Warriors
 NBA

Feshedilen NBA takımları
Warriors

Philadelphia Warriors


Dezumanizarea reprezintă, în sens comun, pierderea caracterelor umane (mai ales morale) ale unui individ sau ale unui grup de indivizi, a sentimentelor și sensibilității umane. În domeniul psihologiei sociale, acest concept se referă la procesul psihologic prin care un individ sau un grup de indivizi percepe și tratează alte ființe umane ca fiind inferioare rasei umane, considerându-le doar parțial umane sau chiar non-umane. Acest subiect a apărut relativ târziu în domeniul cercetării științifice. Kelman și Staub au fost primii specialiști care s-au interesat de acest subiect într-un mod sistematic începând din cea de-a doua jumătate a anilor 1970.

Dezumanizarea poate avea loc în diferite contexte, cum ar fi conflictul între diverse grupuri, dar ea poate fi observată, de asemenea, în interacțiunile sociale clasice de zi cu zi prin manifestarea lipsei de angajare morală. Comportamentul dezumanizant nu are neapărat nevoie de o ideologie rasistă sau xenofobă pentru a se manifesta. În unele cazuri, aceste ideologii pot contribui într-o anumită măsură la dezumanizarea indivizilor. Astfel, în domeniul medicinei, de exemplu, dezumanizarea permite o anumită distanță în relația medic-pacient, care poate fi uneori benefică. Dezumanizarea poate lua diferite forme, cum ar fi infraumanizarea, dezumanizarea animală și mecanicistă. Chiar dacă dezumanizarea pare să fie un fenomen răspândit, pot fi dezvoltate strategii de evitare a manifestării ei.

Note

Psihologie socială

Dezumanizare


Le dème de Medeón, en  / Dímos Medeónas, est un ancien dème d'Étolie-Acarnanie en Grèce-Occidentale. En 2010, il est fusionné au sein du dème d'Áktio-Vónitsa.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Ancien dème en Grèce
Dème en Grèce-Occidentale

Medeón (dème)