Jabari Brisport (nascido em 9 de agosto de 1987) é um político americano, ativista, ex-ator e ex-professor da escola pública. Brisport é o senador estadual do 25º distrito do Senado Estadual de Nova Iorque, em Brooklyn, e ganhou atenção nacional durante a sua campanha de 2020 pelas suas opiniões francas sobre justiça racial e pelos seus auto-descritos princípios económicos socialistas. Ele é a primeira pessoa afro-americana abertamente gay eleita para a Legislatura do Estado de Nova Iorque.

Infância e educação
Brisport foi criado em Prospect Heights, Brooklyn, por um pai imigrante caribenho e por uma mãe de segunda geração de Brooklyn. Durante a  sua infância, o seu pai trabalhou numa fábrica de chapas metálicas e a sua mãe era gerente de escritório.

Frequentou a Faculdade Tisch para as Artes da Universidade de Nova Iorque e a Faculdade de Teatro de Yale.

Carreira

Educação
Brisport ensinou matemática a alunos do 6º e 7º ano na Escola Preparatório de Faculdade Medgar Evers, uma escola pública em Crown Heights, Brooklyn. Ele é membro do sindicato United Federation of Teachers (UFT).

Ativismo
Aos 22 anos, Brisport começou a organizar esforços em apoio a um projeto de lei para legalizar o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo em Nova Iorque. O projeto foi derrotado em 2009, mas Brisport continuou a organizar-se em torno da questão e o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo foi legalizado em Nova Iorque dois anos depois.

Alguns anos depois, Brisport envolveu-se no florescente movimento Black Lives Matter e começou a organizar comícios e protestos, além de treinar manifestantes sobre o que fazer se parados ou assediados pela polícia. Em 2017, ele viajou para Charlottesville, Virgínia, para marchar no contra-protesto de um comício Unite the Right.

Brisport juntou-se aos Socialistas Democráticos da América (DSA, na sigla em inglês) logo após a eleição de Donald Trump como presidente e envolveu-se no seu trabalho sobre o acesso a habitação acessível.

Em 2017, Brisport concorreu contra a titular Laurie Cumbo no 35º Distrito do Conselho da Cidade de Nova Iorque. Numa rara primária do Partido Verde, ele derrotou Scott Hutchinson, 32 votos contra 4. Brisport foi parcialmente inspirado por Bernie Sanders para concorrer ao cargo, e por sua vez inspirou parcialmente a corrida congressional bem sucedida de Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. Ele foi endossado por Our Revolution, New York Communities for Change,  e pela filial de Nova Iorque dos Socialistas Democráticos da América. Ele perdeu a eleição, recebendo 29% dos votos. Brisport ganhou mais votos independentes do que qualquer candidato ao conselho desde 2003.

Corrida para o Senado Estadual 2020

Em 2019, Brisport anunciou uma corrida para o lugar do 25º Distrito do Senado Estadual de Nova Iorque sendo desocupado por Velmanette Montgomery. Em 29 de setembro de 2019, ele foi endossado pelos Socialistas Democratas da América. A sua campanha não aceitou doações do setor imobiliário ou de empresas com fins lucrativos. Em vez disso, recebeu doações de mais de 7.000 indivíduos, quebrando o recorde de mais doadores para uma campanha no estado de Nova Iorque. De acordo com a campanha, também contou com o apoio de mais de 1.000 voluntários. A sua campanha também foi endossada por Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Bernie Sanders, Cynthia Nixon, New York Communities for Change e o Partido das Famílias Trabalhadoras.

Na noite da eleição da primária democrata em 23 de junho de 2020, Brisport liderou a corrida com 52,25% dos votos contra a deputada Tremaine Wright e o ex-funcionário de Montgomery Jason Salmon. Mas houve mais boletins de voto de ausentes do que o habitual devido à pandemia do COVID-19, e na noite das eleições ainda havia 26.000 votos de ausentes a serem contados. Brisport declarou vitória em 23 de julho, depois dos votos dos ausentes terem sido contados e a sua vantagem sobre Wright aumentou para 10.000 votos. Ele venceu as eleições gerais de novembro, tornando-se a primeira pessoa afro-americana abertamente LGBTQ eleita para a legislatura de Nova Iorque.

Posições políticas
Brisport veio a identificar-se como um socialista democrata através da campanha presidencial de Bernie Sanders, para a qual ele ofereceu-se como angariador e telefonista. Ele é um membro dos Socialistas Democráticos da América (DSA).

O apoio de Brisport para habitação a preços acessíveis inclui não apenas parar o desenvolvimento privado de Bedford Union Armory em Crown Heights, Brooklyn, mas também outras medidas perenes, como um imposto de vacância e um imposto pied-à-terre, bem como planos habitacionais 100% acessíveis, em vez de uma mistura de preços de mercado ou condomínios de luxo.

Brisport também apoia a proibição da venda comercial de gatos, cães e coelhos, bem como a venda e fabrico de roupas de peles. Ele defende a proibição de práticas cruéis de criação de animais e o redirecionamento de subsídios aos laticínios para programas para que os produtores de leite saiam do setor.

Vida pessoal
Brisport é gay e descreve-se como vegano e ativista dos direitos dos animais.

Referências

Ligações externas

 Website oficial

Afro-americanos LGBT

Nascidos em 1987

Membros dos Socialistas Democráticos da América

Socialistas dos Estados Unidos

Senadores estaduais de Nova Iorque

Democratas de Nova Iorque

Alunos da Universidade de Nova Iorque

Pessoas vivas

Ativistas da cidade de Nova Iorque

Jabari Brisport


Philippe Gaillot (født 28. februar 1965 i Château-Salins, Frankrig) er en fransk tidligere fodboldspiller (forsvarer).

Gaillot tilbragte, kun afbrudt af et ét-årigt lejeophold hos US Valenciennes hele sin karriere hos Alsace-klubben FC Metz.

Gaillot var hos Metz med til at vinde den franske pokalturnering Coupe de France i 1988 og ligapokalturneringen Coupe de la Ligue i 1996.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Frankrig
Fodboldspillere fra FC Metz
Fodboldspillere fra Valenciennes FC

Philippe Gaillot


Mall of America (MoA) é um grande shopping center localizado em Bloomington, Minnesota. Localizado dentro da área metropolitana de Minneapolis–Saint Paul, o shopping fica a sudeste da junção da Interstate 494 e da Minnesota State Highway 77, ao norte do Minnesota River e atravessando a Interestadual do Aeroporto Internacional de Minneapolis–Saint Paul. Foi inaugurado em 1992 e é o maior shopping dos Estados Unidos, o maior do Hemisfério Ocidental e o décimo primeiro maior shopping do mundo.

O shopping é administrado pelo Triple Five Group (que por sua vez é propriedade da família Ghermezian, junto com o West Edmonton Mall e o American Dream ). Aproximadamente 40 milhões de pessoas visitam o shopping anualmente, 80% das quais são de Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Illinois e  Ohio.

Além do interior do shopping, fora do shopping existem hotéis, quiosques, restaurantes e lojas adicionais. O Mall of America e as empresas adicionais se encontram no South Loop District, em Bloomington.

Centros comerciais

Mall of America


Dimmler ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Franz Anton Dimmler (1753–1827), deutscher Komponist und klassischer Instrumentalmusiker

 Peter Labudde-Dimmler (* 1952), Schweizer Physiker und Sachbuchautor, siehe Peter Labudde
 Rainer Dimmler (1951–2018), deutscher Komponist, Musiker und Dichter

Siehe auch:
 Dimmeler

Dimmler


4 er fjórða breiðskífa bandarísku söngkonunnar Beyoncé. Platan var gefin út 24. júní 2011 af Parkwood Entertainment og Columbia Records. Eftir hlé á ferli sínum til að kveikja sköpunargáfu sína á ný, fékk Beyoncé innblástur til að búa til plötu með grunn í hefðbundnum ryþmablús, sem var ólík popptónlist samtímans. Samstarf hennar við lagahöfundana og upptökustjórana The-Dream, Tricky Stewart og Shea Taylor leiddi af sér mildari tóna, fjölbreyttan söngstíl og áhrif frá fönki, hipphoppi og sálartónlist.

Eftir að Beyoncé sleit faglegum tengslum við föður og umboðsmann sinn, Mathew Knowles, gat hún breytt tónlistarstefnunni burt frá fyrri verkum sínum og í átt að innilegri og persónulegri plötu. Textasmíð 4 leggur áherslu á einkæri, valdeflingu kvenna og sjálfsígrundun, sem er afleiðing af því að Beyoncé íhugaði þroskaðri boðskap til að sýna fram á listrænan trúverðugleika. Í maí 2011 sendi Beyoncé inn 72 lög til Columbia Records til athugunar og 12 þeirra voru gefin út á hefðbundnu útgáfu plötunnar.

4 var kynnt um mitt ár 2011 með flutningi í sjónvarpi og á tónlistarhátíðum, en hún var aðalflytjandi á Glastonbury-hátíðinni. Platan fékk almennt jákvæða dóma frá tónlistargagnrýnendum og nokkur tónlistartímarit settu plötuna á lista sína yfir bestu plötur árins. 4 var fjórða plata hennar í röð til að fara beint á toppinn á bandaríska Billboard 200 vinsældarlistanum og hún komst einnig í fyrsta sæti í Brasilíu, Írlandi, Suður-Kóreu, Spáni, Sviss og Bretlandi. Af plötunni voru smáskífurnar "Run the World (Girls)", "Best Thing I Never Had", "Party", "Love On Top" og "Countdown" gefnar út á alþjóðavísu. Á 55. Grammy-verðlaunahátíðinni vann "Love On Top" verðlaun fyrir Best Traditional R&B Performance. Frá og með nóvember 2016 hefur 4 selst í 5 milljónum eintaka um allan heim.

Lagalisti
Lagalisti hefðbundnu útgáfu plötunnar:
 "1+1"
 "I Care"
 "I Miss You"
 "Best Thing I Never Had"
 "Party" (ásamt André 3000)
 "Rather Die Young"
 "Start Over"
 "Love On Top"
 "Countdown"
 "End of Time"
 "I Was Here"
 "Run the World (Girls)"

Heimildir

Tilvísanir

Hljómplötur Beyoncé
Hljómplötur gefnar út árið 2011
Bandarískar breiðskífur

4 (Beyoncé plata)


KZ Andromedae (KZ And) es un sistema estelar en la constelación de Andrómeda.
De magnitud aparente media +7,93, se localiza visualmente a 1,5º al sur de 7 Andromedae.
Se encuentra a 77 años luz del sistema solar.

Características
La estrella principal del sistema, KZ Andromedae A, es una enana amarilla de tipo espectral G5Ve.
Tiene una temperatura efectiva de 5741 K y gira sobre sí misma con una velocidad de rotación proyectada de 8 km/s.
Ligeramente menos masiva que el Sol —su masa es un 5% menor que la masa solar—, muestra una metalicidad comparable a la solar ([Fe/H] = -0,06).
Su edad se estima en 3300 millones de años.

KZ Andromedae A gira en torno a un sistema binario, KZ Andromedae B, formado a su vez por dos enanas naranjas, ambas de tipo K2V.
Cada una de las componentes de este subsistema tiene una temperatura aproximada de 4932 K.
Las masas respectivas son 0,74 y 0,70 masas solares.
Rotan muy deprisa, con velocidades de rotación proyectadas de 12,30 y 11,60 km/s.
El período orbital de esta binaria es de 3,033 días, estando el plano orbital inclinado 58º.
A su vez, KZ Andromedae A y la binaria KZ Andromedae B emplean 6272 años en dar una vuelta completa alrededor del centro de masas común.

Variabilidad

KZ Andromedae B es una binaria que presenta actividad cromosférica.
Es una variable BY Draconis cuya amplitud de variación es de 0,08 magnitudes.
Estas estrellas emiten energía en forma de rayos X; en dicha región del espectro, la luminosidad de KZ Andromedae es de 15,22×1022 W, siendo unas de las 100 estrellas más brillantes en la región de rayos X situadas a menos de 50 pársecs de distancia.

Referencias

Enanas amarillas
Enanas naranjas
Estrellas variables
Variables BY Draconis
Constelación de Andrómeda

KZ Andromedae


Pedro Ortiz de Zárate, né le  à Jujuy et mort assassiné le  à Abra de Zenta, est un prêtre catholique argentin, missionnaire auprès des populations indigènes, qui est massacré en haine de la foi chrétienne. Reconnu martyr par l'Église catholique, le Saint-Siège a annoncé sa béatification en juillet 2022.

Biographie

Mariage et carrière civile

Pedro Ortiz de Zárate est né le 29 juin 1622 à Jujuy, en Argentine, dans une famille de notables, d'origine basque. Son grand-père paternel, Pedro de Zárate, général et colon espagnol, prend part à la fondation de la ville de Jujuy. La famille de Zárate donne une éducation classique à ses enfants, dans une atmosphère très religieuse. Pedro Ortiz de Zárate est particulièrement incliné vers la piété, et se sent attiré par la prêtrise.

Devenu chef de famille après la mort prématurée des parents, Pedro Ortiz de Zárate épouse, à l'âge de 17 ans, Petronila Ibarra Argañarás y Murguía, de noble famille. De leur union naissent 2 fils.

Pedro Ortiz de Zárate occupe des responsabilités civiles à Jujuy, notamment la charge de maire. Moins de 10 ans après son mariage, il devient veuf, en 1654. Il confie ses enfants à leur grand-mère, afin de continuer ses devoirs liés à ses charges civils. Pendant ce temps, l'idée de la vocation sacerdotale revient. Pedro Ortiz passe de nombreuses heures par nuit dans la chapelle  de l'Hôtel de Ville. Après plusieurs années de discernement, il se décide à se lancer dans la prêtrise.

Prêtre

Après avoir convaincu l'évêque diocésain de sa vocation sacerdotale, Pedro Ortiz étudie la théologie, et est ordonné prêtre en 1657.

En 1659, il est nommé curé de Jujuy, charge qu'il occupe pendant 24 ans. Il parcourt parfois de longues distances afin d'aller porter les besoins spirituels aux habitants les plus éloignés. Il fait ériger une grande église paroissiale et plusieurs chapelles sur tout le territoire de sa paroisse. Pedro Ortiz de Zárate s'occupe aussi des pauvres, donne ses propres biens et organise la charité pour les malades.

Martyre

Depuis plusieurs semaines, Pedro Ortiz et Giovanni Antonio Solinas, accompagnés de 23 autochtones chrétiens, sillonnaient la vallée de l'Abra de Zenta ; ils faisaient le catéchisme aux villageois et avaient bâtit au centre de la vallée une chapelle Santa Maria, qui était le centre de leurs activités missionnaires.

Les deux prêtres missionnaires restent basés là, en attendant la venue de vivres qu'ils devaient distribuer aux populations. Le 26 octobre 1683, 500 hommes armés des tribus Toba et  Mocovi font irruption à la mission. Les 2 missionnaires ne cherchent pas à s'enfuir et se préparent à mourir pour la religion chrétienne. Toutefois, l'armée d'autochtones se montre tout d'abord sans violence

Le matin du 27 octobre, les deux missionnaires peuvent célébrer la messe. Ayant réunis les villageois pour leur faire le catéchisme, l'attitude des 500 indiens armés change brusquement. Au nom de leurs divinités, ils s'emparent de Pedro Ortiz et de Juan Solinas, et les massacrent à coups de lances. Une fois empalés, les deux missionnaires ont la tête tranchée. Dans ce massacre, 18 catéchistes indiens, qui suivaient les missionnaires depuis plusieurs semaines, sont également mutilés puis exécutés.

Après leur exécution, les deux autres missionnaires qui devaient leur apporter des vivres pour les indiens viennent recueillir en cachette leurs dépouilles mutilées, afin de leur donner une sépulture. Celle de Pedro Ortiz de Zárate est ramenée en triomphe à Jujuy, et déposée dans ce qui est aujourd'hui la cathédrale San Salvador. Les populations espagnoles et métisses chrétiennes considèrent directement les deux missionnaire tués comme des martyrs de la foi. Leurs tombes devient un lieu de pèlerinages.

Vénération

Béatification

Procès canonique

Dès le retour des dépouilles des deux prêtres tués à Jujuy, la population locale les vénèrent comme des martyrs de la foi. Leurs tombes deviennent un lieu de pèlerinage. Leur cause de canonisation est sérieusement proposée, mais la difficulté des moyens de l'époque pour récolter les témoignages et les faire étudier par Rome met un terme aux avancées du procès canonique.

C'est en 1998 que l'évêque d'Orán ouvre de nouveau le procès canonique des martyrs. En 2002, les 18 laïcs indigènes martyrisés avec les 2 missionnaires sont retirés du procès, à cause de l'absence quasiment absolue d'informations sur leurs personnes.

Reconnaissance du martyre

Une fois l'enquête diocésaine sur le martyre de Pedro Ortiz et Juan Solinoas étudiée et approuvée par la Congrégation pour les causes des saints, le prélats de ce dicastère présentent leur cas au pape.
Le , le pape François reconnaît le martyre de Pedro Ortiz de Zárate et de Juan Solinas, et signe le décret permettant leur béatification.

Ils sont solennellement proclamés bienheureux le 2 juillet 2022 en Argentine.

Culte

La sépulture de Pedro Ortiz de Zárate est située dans la cathédrale San Salvador de Jujuy, lieu de pèlerinage depuis que sa dépouille y fut déposée en 1683.

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Le bienheureux Pedro Ortiz de Zárate, prêtre et martyr, fête le 27 octobre, Emilia Flocchini, Santi e Beati
  Béatification des martyrs de Zenta, Vatican News

Naissance en juin 1626
Religieux catholique argentin
Décès en octobre 1683
Décès à 57 ans

Pedro Ortiz de Zárate


Educação dialógica é a educação que tem por base o diálogo. Defendida por Paulo Freire, tal modelo se opõe à "educação bancária" ou antidialógica, na qual o professor transmite conhecimentos, "faz depósitos" nos alunos, emite comunicados. Na educação bancária, o ato cognoscente do professor (o único sujeito na relação pedagógica) incide sobre um objeto a ser conhecido e esgota-se nele mesmo. Já na educação dialógica, há comunicação entre dois sujeitos, mediatizada pelo objeto a ser discutido. Em outras palavras, o objeto (que pode ser um problema social, um conteúdo curricular) serve de ponte, de intermediário entre dois sujeitos: aluno e professor. Por este motivo, a educação dialógica supera a dicotomia professor-aluno.

O que a educação dialógica não é

Vale observar que, apesar de defender uma educação baseada no diálogo, Freire não condenou a aula expositiva. Nesse sentido, é relevante citar um trecho de um livro escrito por Freire e Ira Shor, reproduzido no Dicionário Paulo Freire:

A educação dialógica também não é – não deve ser – mero "papo furado". Escreve Freire em Pedagogia da Esperança:

Outro equívoco comum em relação é que tal educação ela implica uma absoluta horizontalidade entre educador e educando. Escreve freire, na mesma obra:

Ver também
 Pedagogia do Oprimido

Paulo Freire

Educação dialógica


Zaborani (Konjic, BiH), naseljeno mjesto u općini Konjic, BiH
 Zaborani (Nevesinje, BiH), naseljeno mjesto u općini Nevesinje, BiH

Zaborani


est une série télévisée de comédie américaine en  de , diffusée entre le  et 1991 sur Nick at Nite.

Synopsis

Fiche technique

 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Gary Halvorson et Judy Chaikin
 Scénario : Steve Adams, Kevin Allman, Warren Bell, Doug Cox, Melanie Graham, Peter Hastings, Stephen Hibbert, Phyllis Katz, Bob Kushell, Eugene Lebowitz, George McGrath, John Moody, David Rosenberg, Les Sekely, Sherri Stoner, Julia Sweeney et M. D. Sweeney
 Photographie :
 Musique :
 Casting :
 Montage : Richard Schwadel
 Décors :
 Costumes :
 Production : Andi Copley et Troy Miller
 Producteur délégué : George McGrath
 Sociétés de production : Nick at Nite
 Société de distribution : Viacom
 Chaîne d'origine : Nick at Nite
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue originale : anglais
 Genre : Comédie
 Durée : 22 minutes

Distribution

Acteurs principaux et secondaires
 George McGrath
 Tim Conway
 Nancy Dye
 Deanna Oliver
 Julia Sweeney
 Lynne Marie Stewart
 Sherri Stoner
 Mindy Sterling
 Vic Wilson
 Michael Capellupo
 Barbara Chase-Riboud
 Joan Leizman
 Jonathan Stark
 Charles Esten
 Jim Jackman

Invités
 Stephen Hibbert
 Gedde Watanabe
 Eve Plumb
 Jim Ward
 Taylor Negron
 Patrick Bristow
 John Paragon
 Kathy Griffin
 Phil Hartman
 Tress MacNeille
 Rose Marie : la mère Noël
 Karen Maruyama
 Cassandra Peterson
 Willard E. Pugh
 Glenn Shadix

Épisodes

Saison 1

Saison 2

 Titre inconnu

Notes et références

Liens externes

Série télévisée créée en 1989
Série télévisée disparue en 1991
Série télévisée de Nickelodeon
Série télévisée sur la télévision

On the Television


Le lac de Sarrouyes est un lac pyrénéen français situé administrativement dans la commune d'Azet dans le département des Hautes-Pyrénées en région Occitanie.

C'est un lac naturel qui a une superficie de  pour une altitude de .

Toponymie

Géographie
Le lac est situé en vallée d'Aure à l'est de la vallée du Rioumajou, dans le sud-est du département français des Hautes-Pyrénées.
Il est entouré de nombreux pics comme le Pic de Thou (), le Pic de Bocou (), le Pic de Lustou () les crêtes de Bassiouente et de Parraouis.

Topographie

Hydrologie
Le lac a pour émissaire le ruisseau de Sarrouyes qui rejoint le ruisseau d'Ourtigué affluent droit de la Neste d'Aure.

Climat

Protection environnementale

Le lac fait partie d'une zone naturelle protégée, classée ZNIEFF de type 1 : Haute vallée d'Aure en rive droite, de Barroude au col d'Azet

Voies d'accès
Pour atteindre le lac versant est, au départ sud de la station du Val-Louron, il faut passer par un chemin en direction de Lustou.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des lacs des Hautes-Pyrénées
 Liste des lacs des Pyrénées

Liens externes
 Lac de Sarrouyes

Sarrouyes
Sarrouyes
Massif de Suelza

Lac de Sarrouyes


Kana (pismo)
Kana (mjesečnik)
Kana Galilejska
Kana (boja za kosu) od istoimene biljke
Lawsonia inermis, kana ili hena, biljka

Kana


Saltram House est un manoir de l'ère George II classé  situé dans la paroisse de Plympton, près de Plymouth dans le Devon, en Angleterre. Elle est considérée par le critique d'architecture Pevsner comme "la maison de campagne la plus impressionnante du Devon" . La maison est conçue par l'architecte Robert Adam, qui modifie et agrandit la maison Tudor d'origine à deux reprises. Le salon est considéré comme l'un des plus beaux intérieurs d'Adam. Saltram est l'un des exemples les mieux conservés de Grande -Bretagne d'une maison géorgienne primitive et conserve une grande partie de son décor, de ses plâtres et de son mobilier d'origine. Il contient la grande collection de peintures de la famille Parker, dont plusieurs de Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792), né et éduqué à Plympton et ami de la famille Parker.

Le bâtiment actuel est commencé par John Parker (1703-1768)  de Boringdon Hall, Plympton, et de Court House North Molton, tous deux dans le Devon, avec sa femme Catherine Poulett (1706-1758), une fille de John Poulett, 1er comte Poulett . Il est complété par son fils John Parker (1er baron Boringdon) (1735-1788), dont le fils est John Parker (1er comte de Morley) (1772-1840). La famille Parker a pris de l'importance au milieu du  en tant que bailli du manoir de North Molton, Devon, sous le baron Zouche de Haryngworth.

En 1957, Saltram House est donnée par la famille Parker au National Trust en lieu et place des droits de succession et est ouverte au public.

Saltram House est utilisé comme l'un des nombreux décors locaux pour le film Raison et Sentiments de 1995 .

Histoire

La première famille enregistrée à avoir possédé la maison est celle de Mayhew (alias Mayes, Mayhowes, etc.) qui sont des fermiers yeoman au . La famille possède Saltram pendant environ 50 ans, leur prospérité déclinant à la fin du siècle lorsqu'ils commencent à vendre et à louer des parties du domaine.

La famille suivante sont les Baggs, qui sont probablement responsables de la transformation de la ferme en manoir. Sir James I Bagg, député de Plymouth (1601-1611) et maire de Plymouth, achète Saltram vers 1614. À sa mort, la maison passe à son fils James II Bagg (mort en 1638), sous-gouverneur de Plymouth et vice-amiral étroitement lié au duc de Buckingham, favori du roi Jacques . On pense qu'il détourne à deux reprises des fonds de la Couronne, la première occasion ayant contribué à l'échec de l'attaque de Buckingham sur Cadix en 1625. Pour une raison inconnue, le roi Charles  le défend à deux reprises malgré sa culpabilité apparemment évidente. James II Bagg meurt en 1638 et est remplacé par son fils George Bagg, lorsque Saltram est décrit comme comprenant "un grand manoir, une écurie, trois jardins, deux acres de verger, huit acres de prairies" et huit acres de plus. Bien qu'il ait hérité du rôle de son père en tant que sous-gouverneur de Plymouth, George Bagg n'a pas partagé la chance de son père, et ayant choisi le camp royaliste dans la guerre civile, Saltram souffre aux mains des forces parlementaires. Après la défaite de la cause royaliste, peu de temps après 1643, il est contraint de verser la somme de 582 £ pour sécuriser ses propriétés foncières.

Bien qu'ils aient conservé Saltram pendant la guerre civile, les Baggs perdent Saltram en 1660, peu de temps avant la restauration de la monarchie lorsque le gouvernement du Commonwealth le transfère à l'ancien capitaine parlementaire Henry Hatsell en paiement d'une dette importante due par Bagg. Cependant, après la Restauration de la Monarchie en 1660, Hatsell est dépouillé de la maison et du domaine qui sont accordés à George Carteret dans le règlement d'un prêt qu'il a fait au Roi pendant la Guerre civile.

En 1712, George Parker de Boringdon Hall, à environ 3 km au nord de Saltram, achète le manoir de Saltram et crée la dynastie Parker.

Développement
John Parker hérite de la maison en 1743 et, avec sa riche épouse, Lady Catherine Parker (qui a largement financé le remodelage), couvre le bâtiment de façades palladiennes symétriques qui remplacent les façades Tudor de la maison. Les intérieurs de la maison reçoivent des décors délicats, notamment des plâtres de plafond rococo dans le hall d'entrée, la salle du matin et le salon de velours.

John Parker (1er baron Boringdon), succède à son père en 1768 et un an plus tard épouse Theresa Robinson. Elle est reconnue pour avoir fait de Saltram une "pièce maîtresse du sud-ouest de l'Angleterre. Les six années jusqu'à la mort prématurée tragique de Theresa sont considérées comme l'âge d'or de Saltram . La maison possède dix portraits de Joshua Reynolds. Robert Adam est chargé en 1768 de créer le salon et la bibliothèque (La bibliothèque est aujourd'hui la salle à manger) . Adam a tout créé, des poignées de porte à l'immense plafond en plâtre. Thomas Chippendale réalise les meubles et Matthew Boulton les quatre candélabres. Elle et son mari dépensent 10 000 £ pour le salon .

Pour ne pas se limiter à l'intérieur de la propriété, Boringdon charge également Nathaniel Richmond d'aménager le parc actuel qui entoure la maison.

Le troisième John Parker, plus tard connu sous le nom de comte de Morley, hérite de la maison à peine 20 ans après son père et met encore plus de temps à apporter des modifications majeures à la maison. Cependant, en 1819, il engage l'architecte de la Régence John Foulston pour ajouter le porche d'entrée et créer la bibliothèque actuelle à partir de deux pièces plus petites. Sa deuxième épouse, Frances, continue à développer l'héritage artistique de la famille en produisant ses propres aquarelles et copies de maîtres anciens qui sont encore exposées dans la maison. Le comte de Morley est ambitieux et tente de développer plusieurs projets industriels et d'ingénierie sur le domaine, mais beaucoup d'entre eux échouent et la famille est lourdement endettée.

Le troisième comte de Morley est contraint de quitter la maison entre 1861 et 1884 et ne peut revenir qu'après avoir vendu plusieurs des peintures les plus précieuses du domaine. La fortune de la famille repart en 1926 lorsque le 4e comte de Morley hérite de plusieurs autres domaines, bien que les bons moments aient été de courte durée car la guerre cause des dommages dus aux bombardements ennemis et finalement en 1951, la maison et son contenu sont acceptés à la place des droits de succession par le Trésor, qui les transfèrent au National Trust, qui reste en charge à ce jour.

Références

Liens externes

Propriété du National Trust dans le Devon
Monument classé de Grade I dans le Devon

Saltram House


Janet Ava Owji (born 19 October 1990), also known by her stage name OWJI and her former stage name Janet Leon, is a Swedish singer, songwriter and A&R. Leon began her career as part of the pop group Play, for which she was lead singer 2003–2005. She rose to further prominence in Sweden with the release of her hit debut solo album Janet (2009) and the successful singles "Let Go" and "Heartache on the Dancefloor", both also released in 2009.

Leon competed in Melodifestivalen, an annual Swedish song competition which selects the country's representative for the Eurovision Song Contest, in 2013 and 2014. Her single "New Colours" was selected as the official song for Stockholm Pride 2013.

Early life
Janet Ava Owji was born on 19 October 1990 in Gothenburg, Sweden to an Iranian father and a Spanish mother. She is an only child. Leon grew up in the Gothenburg borough Johanneberg and was in her childhood interested in music, theatre and football. She began playing the violin at the age of four and arranged performances of songs together with her friends while in kindergarten.

Leon began participating in talent shows as a singer at the age of seven; one of her earliest stage appearances was performing Spice Girls songs alongside some of her friends at a school talent show. She also began writing her own songs at around the age of 8. In her youth, Leon and some of her friends were part of a blues band called "Walking Spanish" which performed at various music festivals in Sweden.

Leon's musical idols and inspirations include Beyoncé, Mariah Carey, Eminem, Whitney Houston and Michael Jackson.

Career

2003–2005: Member of Play
Leon's professional music career began in 2003 when she at the age of 13 joined the Swedish pop group Play as lead singer in December 2003. She replaced the band's former lead singer, then 16-year-old Faye Hamlin, who left to finish her studies at school. Leon became acquintaned to the members of the band through her relatives and was recruited after sending in a demo to the band's manager, Laila Bagge. Bagge called back almost immediately after receiving the demo and travelled to Gothenburg the next day to hear Leon perform in person and ask her about her life goals. Leon was officially announced as part of Play in a press release on 15 December 2003.

Leon's first album with Play (and the group's third studio album overall), Don't Stop the Music, was released on 9 March 2004 but turned out to be a commercial failure. In the summer of 2004, Play went on a tour in the United States. The group were accompanied by some of their parents as well as a teacher in order to not fall behind in school. Play performed together with various artists during the tour, including Aaron Carter and Destiny's Child; Leon also had a dinner with her idol Beyoncé.

Play's next album, the Christmas-themed Play Around the Christmas, released in November 2004 and also failed to chart. In 2005 the group then released a compilation of hits, Girl's Mind, though only songs from Hamlin's time as lead singer were featured. In September 2005, Play announced an indefinite hiatus. Play was later briefly reformed 2009–2011, though Leon did not rejoin the group.

2005–2011: Early solo career, debut album
After the breakup of Play, Leon began a solo career, working towards the eventual goal of putting together a solo studio album. She continued to work with her manager Laila Bagge, as well as producers Anders Bagge and Andreas Carlsson, who had previously worked with Play. Her early solo work included recording songs for the American toy store brand Build-a-Bear Workshop and for Kohl's clothing brand everGirl. In 2005 she also contributed vocals to two songs on the Bratz: Rock Angelz soundtrack. She voiced a fawn in the 2008 Swedish animated children's film Gnomes and Trolls: The Secret Chamber.

In late 2008, Leon was chosen to be one of two participants in the Swedish television show Made in Sweden, hosted by Laila Bagge, Anders Bagge and Andreas Carlsson. Made in Sweden saw the producers attempt to forge successful musical artists; in Leon's case the programme followed her over the course of two months as she worked on and prepared her first solo studio album. The album, titled Janet, was released in 2009 and became a hit, spending three weeks on the Swedish charts. Leon's debut single, "Let Go" (2009), also nearly topped the charts and her second single released later in the same year, "Heartache on the Dancefloor", rose to number 34 in Sweden and charted for a total of 10 weeks.

Following the release of her album and singles, Leon spent some time touring in Sweden and also began working on a second album. In 2010, she played a part in a Swedish musical stage production based on the film Grease (1978), which transplanted the plot of the film to 1960s Sweden. In 2011, Leon recorded vocals for the song "Fire Fly" on the Childish Gambino album Camp. On 3 December 2012, Leon released an acoustic version of the new song "These Chains" through the newspaper Expressen; "These Chains" was intended to eventually be part of her second album.

2012–2014: Melodifestivalen

While working on her potential second album together with songwriter Jörgen Elofsson, the two had the idea to send in a song as a competing entry to Melodifestivalen, an annual Swedish song competition which selects the country's representative for the Eurovision Song Contest. Leon and Elofsson saw a potential performance in Melodifestivalen as a good comeback to relaunch Leon's musical career.

Leon's entry was accepted and she was officially announced as a contestant for Melodifestivalen 2013 in November 2012. Her entry, the original song "Heartstrings", was written by Fredrik Kempe and Anton Malmberg Hård af Segerstad. Leon performed "Heartstrings" in Skellefteå on 16 February 2013 and placed fifth in her semi-final, failing to qualify for the final. Leon had planned to release her second studio album in 2013 shortly after Melodifestivalen but it as of yet remains unreleased.

On 7 May 2013, Leon's new single "New Colours" was selected as the official song for Stockholm Pride 2013. The song was co-written by Leon, along with songwriters Jörgen Elofsson, Lisa Desmond and Jesper Jakobson and debuted at number 10 on the Swedish music chart Svensktoppen. Also in 2013, Leon provided backing vocals for Agnetha Fältskog's album A.

In November 2013, Leon was announced as a contestant for Melodifestivalen 2014, competing with the song "Hollow". The song was written by songwriters Karl-Ola Kjellholm, Jimmy Jansson, and Louise Winter and was performed by Leon in Örnsköldsvik on 22 February 2014. Leon placed eighth and last in the semi-final and did thus not qualify for the final. "Hollow" was a challenging song to sing; Leon lost her voice while singing it several times during rehearsals.

2014–present: Career in the United States
In late September 2014, Leon moved to Los Angeles, California to further pursue her dreams. Beginning in 2014 she worked as a songwriter and A&R, for instance at the entertainment company DEFIENT. She has in this capacity worked together with various artists, including Elva Hsiao.

On 7 April 2021, Leon partook in the Clubhouse talk "Women in Music – Goddess Power Unite", hosted by Swedish musician Josefine. The talk also featured various other female musicians and music creatives and also brought attention to the UK-based social organization Girls Out Loud.

In October and November 2022, Leon joined fellow Swedish-Iranian singer Arash on a tour of North America, performing concerts in support of the Mahsa Amini protests in Iran.

On 14 April 2023, she stated that she would no longer be using the stage name "Janet Leon", citing as reasons the strange experience of growing up in the music industry and not being herself. She instead announced that she would henceforth use the stage name OWJI (pronounced O-G), adapted from her family name.

Personal life
Leon moved from Gothenburg to Stockholm, where her musical collaborators were based, in 2009. Leon revealed in February 2012 that she then lived in Stockholm together with her boyfriend, whom she had been dating for sixteen months. In September of the same year Leon moved in together with her friend My in the Årsta borough of Stockholm. Leon has since moved to Los Angeles in 2014 but frequently travels back to Sweden.

Discography

Studio albums

As a member of Play:
2004: Don't Stop the Music
2004: Play Around the Christmas Tree

Singles

References

External links

Janet Leon's Instagram account
Janet Leon's official blog (archive link)
Roxy Recordings Artist Profile (archive link)
2 Entertain Artist Profile (archive link)

1990 births
Living people
Play (Swedish group) members
Swedish pop singers
Swedish women singers
Swedish people of Iranian descent
Swedish people of Spanish descent
Musicians from Gothenburg
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2014
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2013

Janet Leon


As Forças de Operações Especiais das Forças Armadas da Federação Russa (, abrev.: ), comumente conhecidas como Forças de Operações Especiais (, translit.: Sily spetsial'nykh operatsiy - SSO) é uma unidade estrutural das Forças Armadas da Federação Russa especializados em operações especiais, cuja formação começou em 2009 durante uma reforma em grande escala das Forças Armadas Russas que teve início em 2008.

Segundo seu idealizador, o Chefe das Forças Armadas Valeri Gerassimov, o SSO foi projetado como uma unidade estrutural de nível estratégico, cujas missões principais seriam intervenções estrangeiras, incluindo contraproliferação, operações de defesa interna e realização das operações especiais mais complexas e missões clandestinas para proteger os interesses da Federação Russa.

Anteriormente as unidades de operações especiais militares era a GRU Spetsnaz, unidades das forças armadas que eram subordinadas ao Departamento Central de Inteligência (GRU). Apesar de ter sido parte da SSO brevemente em 2010, as duas unidades são separadas com missões distintas.

Galeria

Referências

Forças armadas da Rússia

Forças de Operações Especiais da Rússia


The Tang-class submarines were the first submarines designed (under project SCB 2) and built by the United States Navy after WWII. They incorporated the best features of the high-speed German Type XXI U-boat and the venerable U.S. Navy fleet submarine.  The Tang-class, with the fleet submarines converted under the Greater Underwater Propulsion Power (GUPPY) program, had much higher submerged performance than their predecessors, but were quickly surpassed by the nuclear-propelled submarines that entered service beginning in 1954. Six units in total were built.

Design
Probably the most important innovation of the Tangs, and their primary advantage over contemporary GUPPY conversions, was an increase in test depth from  to , achieved with the same High Tensile Steel (HTS;  yield strength) as the Balao and Tench classes. This allowed the class to take advantage of deeper ocean conditions to evade sonar, as well as maneuver more safely at moderate depths.

An unsuccessful innovation of the Tang design was the General Motors EMD 16-338 lightweight, compact, high-speed "pancake" engine, rated at 1,000 bhp.  Very different from the classic diesel engines that nearly all preceding submarines used, which were laid out with a horizontal crankshaft, this new engine had a vertical crankshaft, and the cylinders were arranged radially like an aircraft engine. Four of these , , eight-ton engines could be installed in a single engine room, thus deleting an entire compartment from the submarine's design. The goal was to reduce overall length, as testing had shown that shorter submarines were more maneuverable, especially in depth, and had less submerged drag. Four compact Guppy-type 126-cell lead–acid batteries were installed to provide a high sustained submerged speed. The overall design allowed for a  top speed and possible future propulsion replacement with a Type XVII U-boat-derived hydrogen peroxide turbine, closed-cycle diesel system, or even a nuclear power plant. However, attempts to develop the first two systems were unsuccessful, and nuclear power plants proved too large to be accommodated in the Tang-class hull.

When the boats went to sea in the early 1950s, the new engines did not work well.  Their compact, high-speed design made them difficult to maintain, and they tended to leak oil into their generators.  In 1956, the Navy decided to replace the pancake engines with three ten-cylinder Fairbanks-Morse opposed-piston 38D 8-1/8 diesels. These were similar to those of late-war World War II boats, but uprated from  to  each. To accommodate the larger engines, the boats had to be lengthened some nine feet in the engine room (three additional frames between frames 69 and 70).  Accordingly, in 1957 and 1958, the first four Tangs were lengthened, while Gudgeon and Harder, still on the ways, were built to the new length with the new engines. This propulsion plant was used for almost all subsequent US conventional submarines.

The torpedo tubes were also redesigned. The six forward tubes now used air-powered piston ejection pumps, which forced a slug of water through a slide valve behind the torpedo to push it out, rather than the pulse of air used in previous designs. Because this design is somewhat quieter and does not release an air bubble every time a torpedo is fired, it has been used in all subsequent submarine designs throughout the world. The four stern tubes of previous classes were reduced to two shorter, simpler tubes that could not accommodate the longer anti-ship torpedoes and had no capability to actively eject torpedoes. Rather, they were designed for the Mark 27 and planned Mark 37 swim-out torpedoes.

Ships in class
In October 1946, the first two boats were ordered.  was built at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard;  at the Electric Boat yard in Groton, Connecticut. In 1947, contracts were awarded to Portsmouth for  and to Electric Boat for . Then in 1948, a similar pair of contracts were awarded to Portsmouth for  and to Electric Boat for . They are named for six US submarines lost during World War II, of which most of their commanding officers were killed in action while combating Japanese surface vessels.

In 1967, Tang, Wahoo, Gudgeon, and Harder received an additional 15-foot () section (five additional frames between frames 42 and 43) to accommodate the BQG-4 Passive Underwater Fire Control Feasibility System (PUFFS) passive ranging sonar installation, with three tall domes added topside, and additional fire control equipment that enabled the use of the Mark 45 nuclear torpedo. This left the boats similar in size and capability to the GUPPY III conversions.

Museum ships
Two boats of this class, TCG Pirireis (ex-Tang) and TCG Hizirreis (ex-Gudgeon), are preserved as museum ships in Turkey.  Pirireis is at the İnciraltı Sea Museum in İzmir, and Hizirreis is at the Kocaeli Museum Ships Command in Izmit.

References

Citations

Sources
 Blackman, Raymond V.B. Jane's Fighting Ships 1971–72. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co., 1971. .
 Gardiner, Robert and Chumbley, Stephen, Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995, London: Conway Maritime Press, 1995. .
 NavSource.org Postwar Diesel Submarines photo gallery index

Submarine classes

 Tang
 Tang
Radial diesel engines

Tang-class submarine


ලන්දේසි ජාතිකයින් විසින් රට අභ්‍යන්තරයේ ඉදිකරන ලද බලකොටු අතරින් වඩාත් සුරක්ෂිතව පවත්නා බලකොටුව කටුවන කොටුව වීම එහි පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක වටිනාකම ඔප් නැංවෙන ප්‍රදාන කරුණකි

කටුවන බලකොටුව ඉදි කිරීමේදී මුලික වශයෙන් අංශ දෙකක් කෙරෙහි අවධානය යොමුකොට තිබේ

දකුණු මුහුදු තීරයේ සිය දේශ සීමාව හා කන්ද උඩරට දේශ සීමාව අතර කලාපයේ ආරක්ෂාව තහවුරු කිරීම
සිය වාණිජ අරමුණු ඉටුකරගැනීමේදී කලාපීය මිලදීගැනීමේ මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් ලෙස යොදා ගැනීම

එමෙන්ම කටුවන බලකොටුවේ සිට දොරපනේ උමගතැන්න නම් ප්‍රදේශයකට භූ ගත උමං මාර්ගයක් තිබූ බව සදහන් වන අතර දැනටත් එම උමං මාර්ගයේ සලකුණු අදාල ප්‍රදේශයේ ඇත.

හම්බන්තොට දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරක
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බලකොටු

කටුවන බලකොටුව


Veliki Chagos (), u otočju Chagos, oko 500 km južno od Maldiva, najveća je atolska struktura na svijetu, s ukupnom površinom od 12,642 km2. Atolom upravlja Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo preko Britanskog indijskooceanskog teritorija (BIOT).

Otoci
Unatoč svojoj golemoj veličini, Veliki Chagos uglavnom je podmorska struktura. Postoje samo četiri grebena iznad površine mora, uglavnom smještena na zapadnom rubu atola, osim usamljenog otoka Nelsons, koji leži potpuno izoliran u sredini sjevernog ruba. Ovi grebeni imaju osam pojedinačnih niskih i pješčanih otoka, s ukupnom kopnenom površinom od oko 5.62km2. Svi otoci i njihove okolne vode su Strogi rezervat prirode od 1998. Ukupna dužina istočnog i južnog prostora obale, kao i grebeni u njenom središnjem dijelu potpuno su potopljeni.

Otoci Velikog Chagosa, počevši u smjeru kazaljke na satu s juga, su:

 Otok Danger (malo više od 2 km dug od sjevera prema jugu, za 1 km širok, kopnena površina 0.66 km2, obrastao palmama visokim do 12 m.
 Otočje Eagle
 Île Aigle (obratao visokim kokosovim drvećem, površina zemlje 2.45 km 2
 Otok morskih krava (), obrastao drvećem, površine 18 hektara.
 Tri brata () i Resurgent Islands, obrasli visokim stablima kokosa, površine 0.4 km2.
 Južni otok (, najveći u skupini), 23 ha
 Srednji otok (), 8 ha
 Otok Resurgent (bez vegetacije), 1 ha
 Sjeverni otok (), 6 ha
 Otok Nelsons (dimenzija 2 km (istok-zopad) x 0.41 km, površina kopna 0.4 km2, s grmovima visine do 3 metra.

Kartografija potopljenih grebena
Great Chagos Bank prvi je put istražio zapovjednik indijske mornarice Robert Moresby 1837. godine; sve druge karte koje će se crtati u sljedećih više od stoljeće i pol temeljene su na njegovoj karti. Iako su karte atola sastavljene od uglavnom grebena koji izranjanju iz mora, poput Peros Banhosa i Diega Garcie, bile relativno točne, kartografija golemih potonulih grebena koji tvore Veliku Chagosovu obalu pokazala se elikim izazovom. Pravi oblik ovih potonulih grebena bio je poznat tek kada su satelitske slike postale dostupne u drugom dijelu 20. stoljeća.

Moresbyjevi izvorni hidrografski crteži donekle su se razlikovali od pravog oblika potopljenog grebena, posebno u područjima gdje u blizini nije bilo otoka u nastajanju, kao na jugoistoku obale. Obrisi prvih hidrografskih istraživanja bili su označeni na navigacijskim kartama Chagosa iz 1980-ih točkastom linijom i legendom "postojanje upitno" do izdanja iz 1998. godine.

Povezani članci
 Chagos
 Zaštićeno morsko područje Chagos
 Diego Garcia

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Geochronology of Basement Rocks from the Mascarene Plateau, the Chagos Bank and the Maldives Ridge

Prirodni rezervati
Otoci otočja Chagos
Atoli

Veliki Chagos


Princess Nine, known in Japan as , is a 26-episode Japanese anime television series and a three volume manga written and created by Kensei Date.

Synopsis
The series is about the trials of nine girls at the Kisaragi School for Girls who form a baseball team for the purpose of playing on equal footing with boys' teams at the most prestigious high school tournament in Japan, the National High School Baseball Championship. Their aim to qualify for, and ultimately to win, the final rounds of the tournament which is held each year at the Koshien Stadium. They are led by ace pitcher, Ryo Hayakawa, a daughter of a former pitching star in Japan who was banned from Nippon Professional Baseball.

Characters

Main characters
The team (in batting order):

 , Team #4 and second base: A former school dropout, the red-haired thug had to be tricked by Coach Kido into joining the team. She was a star athlete in track and field, and established records for both the 100 m sprint dash and javelin throw. Consequently, she fits in as the leadoff batter on the team. Seira bats and throws right-handed. .
 , Team #3 and first base: Hikaru is the energetic first baseman and switch hitter who was a former softball star recruited to the team. She is originally from Osaka (Kansai) region, which explains her accent. She was the MVP of Junior High School Softball Competition in Kansai. Hikaru throws right-handed. .
 , Team #8 and center field: The only member of the team with actual baseball experience, Koharu played for a boys' team before being found out as a girl. She grew up on the sea as a daughter of a fisherman, and has developed an extremely powerful swing, dubbed "Wave Motion Swing" from her years of fishing. Her batting is so strong that she occasionally hits out of the park home runs. She is originally from Tosa, a small city on the Shikoku island. Koharu bats and throws right-handed. .
 , Team #5 and third base: Izumi is the daughter of the school's chairperson, Keiko Himuro, and was a star tennis player. However, she cast aside her talent in tennis to become Ryo's rival in baseball. Often caustic and difficult, her only goals pertain to her success. Along with Koharu, Izumi is one of the two strongest batters of the team (she is the team's clean up hitter), forming the primary offensive weapons of Kisaragi Girls' Baseball Team. Izumi bats and throws right-handed. .
 , Team #7 and left field: Yuki is highly mysterious and quiet, possibly not even of this world. Never without her "alien" companion, Fifi, whom she keeps with her at all times, Yuki is nevertheless is a superb fielder who is always in the right place at the right time. Like Hikaru, she was also MVP of the Junior High School Softball Competition in Kansai. Yuki bats and throws right-handed. .
 , Team #6 and shortstop: Kanako is an excellent baseball player and is the daughter of the school's principal who is against the baseball team in the first half. During this, Kanako has to disguise herself as , a pseudonym which is an anagram of her name, to be able to play for the team. She has a kind of geeky attitude, and she wants to be a doctor. But she also likes baseball, and wants to play baseball during her high school years. Kanako was also previously a softball star in junior high, and Hikaru recognizes her from their previous encounters in softball games. Kanako bats and throws right-handed. .
 , Team #9 and right field: Recruited to fill a hole in the lineup, Yoko has very little athletic ability. Yoko is mostly interested in concentrating on a modeling career, but was looking to use the up-and-coming baseball team as a way to stand out from others. She is originally from Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture in Japan, which explains her tanned skin. She left her hometown, claiming it was to get rid of dozens of boys who wanted to be her boyfriend, and set her heart to a career in modeling. Yoko bats and throws right-handed. .
 , Team #2 and catcher: Plucked from the judo team, the imposing but incredibly bashful Mao is the only person who can catch Ryo's pitches. An excellent team member when she can overcome her personal shyness. Mao bats and throws right-handed. .
 , Team #1, pitcher and captain of the Kisaragi Girls' High Baseball Team: Inheriting her father's pitching arm, Ryo has an innate pitching ability. She is a left-handed player just like her father. She originally planned not to go to high school because she wanted to help support her mother at the family's oden shop, but she is recruited to the Kisaragi Girls' High School to be the foundation of the new baseball team. Before playing for Kisaragi, she often played as a relief pitcher for a local sandlot baseball team, the Wildcats. .

All of the team members are excellent athletes and in great physical shape, and this explains why the team becomes such a strong one despite their physical differences. In addition to the nine players, there are two more members:

 : Team manager and part-time cheerleader, Nene is a constant bundle of energy, but knows little of the sport of baseball (learning all she knows from sports manga). A perpetual ditz, Nene is constantly interested in any hobby or ability she can discover. She also sometimes acts as a replacement coach, if Coach Kido is absent or late due to hangovers. .
 : He is a moderately lecherous drunkard who becomes the coach of Kisaragi Girls' High Baseball team. He has connections to both Keiko Himuro and Hidehiko Hayakawa from when they were all younger. In fact, he was Hidehiko's catcher when they were in high school. Despite his very unconvincing and laidback appearance, he is actually quite an observant person, a master strategist and has superior insights and judgements in baseball games. .

Other notable characters
 : A star baseball player at the Kisaragi Boys' High School and son of a wealthy family, he was being groomed as a potential boyfriend and possibly fiancé of Izumi. However, Hiroki has an attraction to the spunky Ryo: he calls her "Ganmo-chan" ("Tofu girl" in the English dub) as it is his favorite part of oden.
 : Ryo's mother, the late Hidehiko's wife and owner/operator of an Oden shop. Her husband died several years ago and Shino and Ryo run the shop themselves now. Shino is highly supportive of Ryo's dreams to play baseball.
 : Keiko is the cold and seemingly aloof President of the school and mother to Izumi. Solid in her ambitions, she forgoes seemingly everything to accomplish her plans. Her stated motivation behind the creation of the girls' baseball team is to see the pitching ability Ryo inherited from her father on the mound at Koshien Stadium.
 : Ryo's late father and Shino's late husband. A left-handed, rising star pitcher in baseball many years ago, but he was banned from playing baseball for life because of a scandal he was caught up in (but had nothing to do with). He won the National High School Baseball Championship at Koshien a long time ago, and during his short stint as a pro baseball player, he won the Japan Series with the Towa Jaguars three times in a row before he was banned from baseball. He is famous for inventing and throwing the legendary Lightning Ball, an extremely powerful pitch which has struck out a lot of professional baseball players. Ryo later rediscovered the Lightning Ball with the hints from coach Kido, and she uses it as her ultimate weapon in her baseball games.
 : Ryo's best friend since kindergarten, and a total genius in high school. He had a crush on Ryo, but could never express it. At the end of the series, he finds himself falling for Hikaru, and she with him, even receiving his first kiss from her.

Release
The series was produced by Phoenix Entertainment, and aired from April 8 to October 14, 1998 on NHK. The series was initially released by ADV Films in North America, who released it in six VHS and DVD volumes. The show is listed on Animeondvd.com as a recommended series. At Anime Expo 2013, Right Stuf Inc. had announced that they have licensed the series for a 2014 release under their Lucky Penny label. Funimation is streaming the series on their website in partnership with Nozomi.

Episode list

See also
These are titles with a similar theme of women's baseball:
 Cinderella Nine
 Taisho Baseball Girls

References

External links

1998 anime television series debuts
ADV Films
Baseball in anime and manga
NHK original programming
Women's baseball
Works about women's sports

Princess Nine


Martinismul este o formă de misticism creștin și creștinism ezoteric preocupat de căderea primului om, starea lui de izolare materială față de sursa sa divină și procesul reîntoarcerii sale, denumit reintegrare sau iluminare.

Ca și tradiție mistică, acesta a fost transmis inițial printr-un sistem masonic cu grade superioare înființat în jurul anului 1740 în Franța, de Martinez de Pasqually și propagat ulterior sub diverse forme de către cei doi studenți ai săi Louis Claude de Saint-Martin și Jean-Baptiste Willermoz.

Termenul martinism este folosit atât pentru această doctrină specifică cât și pentru învățăturile "Ordinului Martinist" reorganizat, fondat în 1886 de Augustin Chaboseau și Gérard Encausse (cunoscut și ca Papus).

Cele trei ramuri ale tradiției
Martinismul poate fi împărțit în trei forme prin care a fost transmis cronologic:

 Elus-Cohens sau Elus Coëns (în ebraică, Cohen înseamnă "preot", iar "Elus" înseamnă "selectul" sau "alesul"). Aceasta a fost prima și explicit teurgică, modalitate prin care se putea obține reintegrarea. Elus-Cohens a fost fondat de Martinez de Pasqually, care a fost pedagogul lui Saint-Martin. Ordinul inițial Elus-Cohens a încetat să mai existe spre sfârșitul secolului al XVIII-lea sau începutul secolului al XIX-lea, dar a fost revitalizat în secolul al XX-lea de Robert Ambelain și continuă astăzi prin diferite Ordine martiniste, inclusiv ramura reinstaurată de Ambelain.

În cel mai înalt dintre cele trei grade ale Ordinului Elus-Cohen, cunoscut ca Altarul, constând el însuși din trei grade, dintre care cel mai înalt a fost Maestru Reau-Crois, se efectua evocarea entităților aparținând Planului Divin. Acest lucru face clar faptul că Elus-Cohen nu era numai un ordin mistic ci și magic. Principala evocare a fost cea a lui "Mender", Jehoshua și metodele de bază erau cele ale Cheii lui Solomon, incluzând folosirea cercurilor, numelor angelice, orelor și simbolurilor planetare. Operațiile magice ale gradelor inferioare aveau scopul de a stabili contactul între operator și Lumea invizibilă.

 Ritul Scoțian Rectificat sau Cavalerii Binefăcători ai Orașului Sfânt (CBOS). Acesta a fost inițial un rit masonic, o variantă reformată a Ritului de Ceremonial Strict care, în gradele sale cele mai superioare, folosește ritualuri de tip masonic pentru a demonstra filozofia care stă atât la baza martinismului cât și a practicilor Elus-Cohens. CBOS a fost fondat la finalul secolului al XVIII-lea de Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, care a fost elevul lui Martinez de Pasqually și prieten cu Saint-Martin. CBOS a reușit să supraviețuiască ca și rit practicat continuu de la înființarea sa până în prezent, atât ca un ordin pur masonic cât și ca un rit diferit deschis femeilor.

 Martinismul lui Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin, o tradiție mistică în care accentul se pune pe meditație și alchimie spirituală interioară. Saint-Martin nu a fost de acord cu aceste învățături denumite "martinism" de către contemporanii săi și l-a explicat, în schimb, ca o "cale a inimii" liniștită pentru obținerea reintegrării. Foarte probabil, Saint-Martin nu a organizat această cale ca un "ordin", ci a adunat mici cercuri de studenți în jurul său, în care și-a transmis învățăturile.

Această moștenire a fost reorganizată ca "Ordre Martiniste" în 1886 de Augustin Chaboseau și Gerard Encausse (cunoscut și ca Papus).

Martinezism: Martinez de Pasqually și Elus Cohens
Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually a fost născut în c. 1727 în Grenoble, Franța și a murit în 1774 în Saint-Domingue. Martinez de Pasqually a activat în organizații masonice din Franța începând de la vârsta de 28 de ani. În 1765 el a înființat Ordinul Cavalerilor Masoni Élus Coëns ai Universului (Ordinul Cavalerilor Masoni Aleși Preoți ai Universului), care a funcționat ca obediență masonică regulară în Franța.

Acest ordin a avut trei tipuri de grade: primul avea grade analoage gradelor simbolice ale francmasoneriei convenționale. Al doilea avea grade în general masonice, deși aminteau de propria doctrină secretă a lui Pasqually. Al treilea avea grade evident magice: de exemplu, prin folosirea exorcizării împotriva răului din lume, în general și din individ, în special. În cel mai înalt grad, Reaux-Croix, inițiatul era învățat să folosească teurgia pentru a contacta tărâmurile spirituale de dincolo.

Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin (martinism tradițional)

Louis Claude de Saint-Martin a fost născut în anul 1743 în Amboise, Franța și a murit în anul 1803. Saint-Martin a fost inițiat în Elus-Cohens în 1768 și a activat în organizație cel puțin șase ani. Saint-Martin a fost inițiat în Reaux-Croix, cel mai înalt grad al Ordinului, iar în 1770 a devenit de secretarul lui Pasqually.
Saint-Martin și-a evidențiat filozofia în mai multe cărți, folosind pseudonimul literar "Filozoful Necunoscut". Printre acestea, sunt:

 Despre erori și adevăr, 1775
 Ministerul Omului - Spirit
 Aforisme și maxime.
 Ministerul spiritual al omului.
 Zece rugăciuni.
 Cartea roșie.
 [http://www.moup.org/Files/Theosophic_Correspondence.pdf Corespondență teozofică'].
 Tabelul natural al corespondențelor dintre Dumnezeu, om și univers, 1782

Martinismul modern

În anul 1905, țarul Nicolae al II-lea al Rusiei l-a invitat pe Papus la Tsarskoïe Selo pentru a-i cere sfatul asupra problemelor interne pe care le întâmpina din partea revoluționarilor. Primul război mondial fusese dezastruos pentru Ordin. Papus a murit pe front îndeplinindu-și datoria de medic, ca și mulți alți lideri ai Ordinului. După război, Ordinul a fost aproape defunct iar membrii supraviețuitori s-au împrăștiat în facțiuni rivale.

Al doilea război mondial a fost la fel de dezastruos pentru Ordin în Europa, ca și primul. Regimul nazist a suprimat toate grupările oculte și numeroși martiniști au murit în lagăre de concentrare. OMT din Europa și ramura sa americană, încă mai există. Acesta operează curent în aproape toate țările libere din lume sub protecția AMORC. Înscrierea membrilor este rezervată exclusiv pentru membrii AMORC. Martinismul câștigă popularitate, iar odată cu dezvoltarea internetului, au apărut numeroase ordine noi și grupuri care arată interes pentru martinism, în întreaga lume.

Ordinul Martinist (L'Ordre Martiniste) fondat de Papus în 1887 continuă și crește în toată lumea având grupuri în Europa, Africa, Statele Unite ale Americii și Orientul Mijlociu.

Lista ordinelor Martiniste
 Ordinul Martinist Tradițional (TMO), care operează sub egida AMORC — în engleză.
 L'Ordre Martiniste Traditionnel (OMT), care operează sub egida AMORC — în franceză.
 Ordine Martinista Antico e Tradizionale (OMAT)
 Ordinul Martinist (Africa & Orientul Mijlociu): Operează în engleză sub egida Ordinului Martinist din Franța
 Orden Martinista
 Ordre Reaux Croix  (ORC), cuprinzând cele trei ramuri ale martinismului
 Ordre Martiniste et Synarchique (OMS), un ordin sinarhic.
 Rose-Croix Martinist Order (RCMO), din Ontario, Canada.
 Belgian Martinist Order, cunoscut și ca Ordinul Martinist al Belgiei (Belgische Martinistenorde).
 Ordre Martiniste de Papus (OM), fondat de Philippe Encausse, fiul lui Papus.
 Ordre Martiniste des Pays-Bas (OMPB) , fondat de Maurice Warnon, cu aprobarea lui Philippe Encausse pentru martiniști olandezi care au fost nemulțumiți de alegerea Bisericii Gnostice ca biserică oficială a Ordinului Martinist Francez.
 British Martinist Order (BMO) (Include descendențele franceză și rusă)
 Rose Croix Martinist Order (R+CMO), care afirmă că oferă al patrulea grad martinist și se concentrează pe teurgie.
 Ancient Martinist-Martinezist Order  (, abrevierea englezească AMMO'', )), care continuă liniile martinismului rusesc ale lui, Vladimir Alexeyevich Shmakov, Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov (secolul al XVIII-lea), Gregory Ottonovich Mebes, Valentin Tomberg (secolul al XX-lea), și alții. Ordinul are descendența din Elus Cohens, precum și descendența din Ordinul Martinist și Sinarhic al Canadei și Statelor Unite. Loja ordinului operează în Federația Rusă.
 Ancient Martinist Order (AMO), care aspiră la unificarea diferitelor ordine martiniste într-o singură structură.
 Societatea Inițiaților sau Société des Initiés este un ansamblu slab organizat, de S:I: (Inițiatori Liberi).
 Ordinul Martinist al Cavalerilor lui Cristos sau Ordre Martiniste Des Chevaliers Du Christ
 The Hermetic Order of Martinists (HOM), care este un Ordin deschis numai Masonilor Maeștri care sunt și membri ai Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (SRIA)
 Rose+Croix Martinist Order (Ontario, Canada).
 Rose Cross Order
 The Ancient Order of the Rosicrucians (AOR)
 Antigua Orden Martinista
 Orden Martinista Universal
 Swedish Martinist Order  (SMOCI).
 Ordine Martinista
 Ordre Martinistes Souverain (OMS).

Note

Fondări în 1740
Anii 1740 în Europa
Misticism
Forme ale creștinismului

Martinism


Sıralama bir dizi elemanı, belirli bir özelliğine göre sıraya dizme işlemine verilen addır. Bilgisayar bilimlerinin en çok incelenmiş konularından birisi sıralama algoritmalarıdır.

Karışık halde:   9 4 2 8 3 1 5 6 7
Sıraya dizilmiş: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Sıralama, genellikle indekslerde, ansiklopedilerde kullanılır. Ayrıca şuralarda da yaygındır: Katalog, bibliyografya, sözlük, kütüphane fişleri ve bazı arama motorları.

Sıralama algoritmaları

Sıralama


Robert Wilhelm Bunsen Eberhard, (d. 31 Mart 1811, Holzminden - ö. 16 Ağustos 1899, Heidelberg) özellikle mineralojik ve analitik kimya üzerine çalışmış Alman kimyagerdir. Gustav Robert Kirchoff ile beraber sezyum ve rubidyum elementlerini keşfetmiş, ısıtılan elementlerin emisyon spektrumlarını incelemiş ve spektral analizi bulmuştur. Fotokimyaya öncülük eden Bunsen, bir deney esnasında koruyucu gözlük kullanmadığı için bir gözünü kaybetmiştir.

Bunsen elektrik akımının üç boyutlu analizini yapmıştır. Bu yöntemle çalışmalarına önemli veriler katmış, matematik ve fiziği bir araya getiren çalışmaları yayınlanmış; bir yandan astronomide yeni bir çağ başlatmış ve Berlin Üniversitesi'nde Matematiksel Fizik Koltuğu'na oturmuştur. Laboratuvar asistanı Peter Desega ondan sonra, onun çalışmalarını kullanarak Bunsen brülörü denilen aparatı geliştirmiştir.

Kaynakça
Robert Bunsen

1811 doğumlular
Göttingen doğumlular
1899 yılında ölenler
Alman kimyagerler
Alman mucitler
Göttingen Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Fransız Bilimler Akademisi üyeleri
St Petersburg Bilimler Akademisi'nin muhabir üyeleri
Sezyum
Rubidyum

Robert Bunsen


Killing in the Name, Amerikan rock grubu Rage Against the Machine'in bir protest şarkısıdır ve 1992 yılında çıkardıkları kendi adını taşıyan ilk albümlerinde yer alır. Şarkı, Kasım 1992'de albümün öncü single'ı olarak piyasaya sürülmüştür. Ağır Drop-D gitar riffleri içeren şarkı sözleri, Rodney King'in maruz kaldığı polis şiddeti ve sonrasında yaşanan 1992 Los Angeles ayaklanmalarından esinlenmiştir.

"Killing in the Name", İngiltere Single Listesi'nde 25 numaraya kadar yükseldi. 2009'da, İngiliz yetenek yarışması The X Factor'a karşı yürütülen bir kampanyanın ardından, "Killing in the Name" İngiltere'de geleneksel olarak düzenlenen yılbaşı listesinde bir numaraya ulaştı.

Yazım
Tom Morello, bir öğrenciye Drop-D akordunu öğretirken şarkının gitar rifflerini buldu; kısa bir ara vererek riff'i kaydetmek için dersi durdurdu. Grup, şarkı üzerinde bir sonraki gün çalışmaya başladı. Morello'ya göre, "Killing in the Name" bir işbirliği ürünüydü ve onun riff'i, Tim Commerford'un "magmayı andıran" bası, Brad Wilk'in "funky, brutal" davul çalması ve vokalist Zack de la Rocha'nın "inançlı" performansı ile birleştirildi. Morello, şarkının gitar partisyonlarını Fender Telecaster marka gitar ile kaydetti.

Müzikal
"Killing in the Name", tarz olarak alternatif metal, rap metal, rap rock ve hard rock olarak tanımlanmıştır. Gazeteci Peter Buckley, şarkının "Amerikan toplumunun sorunlarına karşı bir uluma, küfür dolu bir saldırı" olduğunu tanımlamıştır. Şarkı, de la Rocha'nın "Siktir git, söylediğini yapmayacağım" sözüyle başlayarak yoğunluğunu arttırır ve bir kreşendo ile sonraki dört kez ve son sekiz kez öfkeyle "Motherfucker!" diye bağırarak sonlanır. Şarkıda "fuck" kelimesi 16 kez geçmektedir.Şarkı sözleri Rodney King'in maruz kaldığı polis şiddeti ve sonrasındaki 1992 Los Angeles isyanlarından esinlenmiştir. "Bazı kolluk kuvvetlerinde çalışanlar, aynı zamanda haç yakanlar... " nakaratı, Los Angeles Polis Departmanı ile Ku Klux Klan arasında bir bağlantı çizer. BBC News'e göre, "Killing in the Name", "seçilmiş beyazlar için öldürmeyi haklı gösteren askeri-endüstriyel komplekse karşı çıkar".

Single kapağı
CD single'ın kapağı, 1963 yılında Saigon'da ABD destekli Başbakan Ngo Dinh Diem rejimi tarafından Budistlerin öldürülmesine karşı protesto olarak Thích Quảng Đức'un kendini yaktığı Malcolm Browne'un Pulitzer ödüllü fotoğrafını içermektedir. Bu fotoğraf ayrıca aynı adı taşıyan Rage Against the Machine albümünün kapağında da yer almaktadır. Avustralya versiyonunun kapağı ise büyük, kırmızı blok harflerle "killing in the name" yazısını içermekte ve alt sağ köşede çok daha küçük ve sıkı biçimde kırpılmış bir fotoğrafı göstermektedir.

Yayın
"Killing in the Name", ilk olarak 12 şarkılık bir kendinden yayınlanan demo kasetin bir parçası olarak piyasaya sürüldü. Şarkının ilk videosu, açık sözlü sözleri nedeniyle ABD'de yoğun bir yayın almadı. Şarkı Avrupa'da önemli bir yayın alarak, grubun ülke dışındaki popülerliğini artırdı.

Epic Records ile anlaşma imzaladıktan sonra, grup kendi adını taşıyan ilk albümlerini 12 Kasım 1992'de piyasaya sürdü. Albüm, "Killing in the Name" şarkısının yoğun radyo yayını tarafından desteklenerek üçlü platin statüsüne ulaştı. Albüm ayrıca "Freedom" ve "Take the Power Back" single'larını da içeriyordu.

Tartışmalar
21 Şubat 1993'te BBC Radio 1 DJ'i Bruno Brookes, yanlışlıkla şarkının tam sansürsüz versiyonunu Top 40 Countdown programında çaldı ve 138 şikayet aldı. Brookes, şarkı çalarken bir sonraki haftanın Top 40 Countdown programı için bir reklam kaydediyordu. Olay daha sonra birçok İngiliz rock medyası tarafından bahsedildi. Şarkı, Kasım 2008'de bir Asda süpermarketinde Preston, Lancashire'da hoparlörlerden çalındığında tekrar İngiltere'de tartışma yarattı ve birçok müşteriden şikayet geldi. Asda daha sonra bir özür yayınladı.

2012 yılında Morello, sağcı UKIP'in mitinglerinde "Killing in the Name" şarkısını kullanmayı durdurmalarını talep etti. 2020 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri seçimlerini takiben, "Killing in the Name" şarkısına pro-Trump protestocularının dans ettiği bir video sosyal medyada geniş çapta paylaşıldı. Yorumcular, şarkının yanlış kullanımı olarak gördüler; Rage Against the Machine, bir tweet'te şöyle cevap verdi: "Anlamıyorlar işte, anlamayacaklar da."

2022 yılında, Reuters Fact Check ekibi, Kuzey Kore'nin askeri korosunun şarkıyı seslendirdiği iddia edilen bir viral video kaydının dijital olarak değiştirildiği sonucuna vardı. Video, Frankfurt'taki Deutsche Bank Park'ta bin müzisyenin şarkıyı seslendirdiği bir etkinlik sırasında 2019'da YouTube'a yüklenen bir kaydın sesini içeriyor. Büyük koro klipleri ve Kuzey Kore'nin tanklar ve füzeler gibi askeri araçlarının görüntüleri, seyircileri yanıltmak için bir araya getirilerek düzenlenmiştir.

2009 - Birleşik Krallık'ta Noel kampanyası
Geleneksel Noel Şarkısı, İngiltere'de 1952'den beri devam eden bir müzikal gelenektir. Halkın oylamasıyla bir şarkı BBC'de yayınlamak üzere 1. seçilir.

2004-2008(5 yıl) arası seçilen şarkılar, İngiltere'de düzenlenen The X Factor yarışmasına katılan amatör şarkıcılara aitti. Bunun arkasında programın reklam ekibi vardı. İngiliz DJ Jon Morter ve eşi Tracy, Aralık 2009'un başlarında, bundan rahatsız oldu. Facebook üzerinden bir grup kurup bir kampanya başlattı. 2009 yılın şarkısı için Rage'in Killin in the Name parçasını önerdiler. Kampanya kısa süre büyük ilgi topladı. İki hafta içinde kurulan gruba 750 bin kişi destek verdi.

The X Factor yaratıcısı Simon Cowell kampanyayı "aptalca" ve "kinik" (samimiyetsiz-ciddiyetsiz) olarak nitelendirdikten sonra, kampanya daha fazla ilgi gördü ve çeşitli İngiliz haber kanallarında, radyo istasyonlarında ve web sitelerinde bahsedildi. Rage Against the Machine kampanyayı geç fark etti ancak sonradan  desteğini ekledi. Morello, Noel bir numaraya ulaşmanın "harika bir anarşi dozu" olacağını ve beklenmedik kazançları hayır kurumlarına bağışlamayı planladığını söyledi. Vokal De la Rocha, eğer şarkı 1. seçilirse İngiltere'de ücretsiz konser vereceklerini açıkladı.Dave Grohl, Muse, Them Crooked Vultures, Liam Howlett ve The Prodigy gibi birçok müzisyen ve ünlü kampanyayı destekleyenler arasındaydı. Kampanya, finalistlerle birlikte The X Factor'de görünen Paul McCartney ve X Factor yarışmacıları Jedward'dan da destek aldı. Eleştirmenler, hem The X Factor hem de Rage Against the Machine'in Sony BMG ile kontratı olduğu için olayın arkasında Sony'nin olduğunu iddia ettiler. Morello, komplo iddialarını saçma olarak reddetti. Kasabian'ın Tom Meighan ve Sergio Pizzorno, NME röportajında kampanyanın başarısından memnuniyetlerini dile getirdiler ve The X Factor'ü eleştirdiler.

Oylama sonucu açıklanmadan önce Rage Against the Machine şarkıyı BBC Radio 5'te canlı çaldılar. Şarkının argo ifadelerini sansürlemeleri istendiği halde BBC Radio 5 Live'da sansürsüz bir performans sergilediğinde ülkede büyük tartışma yarattı. Performanslarının doruğunda, vokalist Zack De La Rocha "Bana söyleneni yapmayacağım" kısmın normalde "seni s*keyim" diye söylediği kısmın yerine bir duraklama ile başladı, ancak birkaç satır sonra, "Seni s*keyim, Bana söyleneni yapmayacağım" sözlerini defalarca bağırdı. Sunucular Nicky Campbell ve Shelagh Fogarty daha sonra bunun için özür dilediler.

20 Aralık 2009'da BBC Radio 1, şarkının 500.000'den fazla kopya satarak İngiltere'de Noel 1 numarası olan ilk yalnızca dijital olarak indirilebilen single olduğunu açıkladı. Takip eden hafta Joe McElderry'nin "The Climb" adlı şarkısının cover'ı, yılın ve 2000'lerin son İngiliz bir numaralı single'ı oldu. "Killing in the Name" ise bir sonraki hafta 38 basamak düşerek 40. sıraya geriledi ve takip eden hafta en üst 75'ten çıkarak 100. sıraya düştü.

Kampanya, beş yıl boyunca İrlanda'da da X Factor finalistleri tarafından domine edilen Noel bir numarasına ulaşmak için İrlanda'ya da yayıldı. Ancak kampanya İrlanda'da İngiltere'deki kadar başarılı olamadı ve McElderry, Rage Against the Machine'i geçerek Noel bir numarasını kazandı ve Rage Against the Machine ikinci sıraya düştü.

Şarkı 1. seçildikten sonra grup ücretsiz konser sözünü tuttu. Ancak büyük bir kalabalığın önüne geçmek için sınır sayıda bileti internet üzere kura ile belirledi. 6 Haziran 2010'da Rage Against the Machine, 40.000 hayranları için Finsbury Park'ta ücretsiz bir konser verdi. Sahne üzerinde, kampanyayı başlatan DJ Tracy ve Jon Morter'a JustGiving'e yapılan bağışlar ve single satışlarından elde edilen telif haklarından elde edilen geliri temsil eden 162.713,03 poundluk bir temsilci çeki verildi. Grup daha sonra konser görüntülerinin DVD olarak yayınladı.

Kampanya sonucunda, şarkı ilk haftasında 502.672 indirme kaydederek "En hızlı satan dijital şarkı (İngiltere)" kategorisinde 2011 İngiltere baskısı Guinness Dünya Rekorları'nda yer almaktadır.

Müzik videosu
Peter Gideon tarafından üretilip yönetilen video, Tom Morello'nun gitar öğrencisi olan ve bir video kameraya sahip olan birisi tarafından iki Los Angeles kulübünde gerçekleşen gösteriler sırasında çekildi. Aralık 1992'de piyasaya sürülen video klibin sansürlenmemiş versiyonu Avrupa MTV'de gösterildi, ancak müstehcen sözler nedeniyle Amerikan MTV'de yasaklandı.

2021 yılında, sanat kolektifi Ummah Chroma ile bir iş birliği içinde, Rage Against the Machine "Killing in the Name" şarkısının yapımı hakkında 15 dakikalık bir kısa belgesel videosu yayınladı. Video, ırkçılığa karşı aktivist Tim Wise'ın yer aldığı ve Zach de la Rocha ile yapılan bir röportajın görüntülerini içermektedir. Zach de la Rocha, kapitalist toplumun "durmaması gerektiğini, sorgulanması ve devrilmesi gerektiğini" söylüyor.

Rock ve metal camiasındaki yeri
Temmuz 2009'da, Avustralya radyo istasyonu Triple J tarafından yapılan Tüm Zamanların En İyi 100 şarkısı anketinde "Killing in the Name" ikinci sırada seçildi. Yarım milyondan fazla oy kullanıldı. Şarkı ayrıca, Tüm Zamanların En İyi 100 listesinin 1998 sürümünde 17. sırada seçildi ve 1993'teki Hottest 100 listesinde 6. sıraya seçildi.

2007 yılında, "Killing in the Name", Guitar World dergisinin "100 En Büyük Gitar Solosu" listesinde 89. sırada yer aldı.

2002 yılında Rolling Stone dergisi "Killing in the Name" şarkısını "Tüm Zamanların En İyi 100 Gitar Şarkısı" listesinde 24. sıraya ve "Tüm Zamanların En İyi 500 Şarkısı" listesinde 207. sıraya yerleştirdi. Mart 2023'te, "Tüm Zamanların En İyi 100 Heavy Metal Şarkısı" listelerinde "Killing in the Name" şarkısını 38. sıraya yerleştirdiler.

2010'da New Statesman, Politik Çalışmalar Birliği tarafından yapılan oylamada "En İyi 20 Politik Şarkı" listesinde "Killing in the Name" şarkısını 12. sıraya yerleştirdi.

Yeni Zelanda'daki The Rock radyo istasyonu, 2010, 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında halk tarafından oylanan en iyi 1000 rock şarkısını sayan Rock 1,000 geri sayımını düzenledi. Şarkı 2010 ve 2011'de ilk beşte yer alırken, 2012'de yedinci sıraya düştü. 2011 ve 2012'de "Killing in the Name" sansürsüz olarak çalındı ve başbakan John Key'in önceden onayını aldı. MedyaWorks New Zealand'in 2010 geri sayımında şarkının sansürsüz olduğuna dair herhangi bir uyarı vermediği yönündeki şikayetlerin sayısı nedeniyle bu karar alındı. 2017'de "Killing in the Name", uzun süredir yayın yapan sunucu Roger Farrelly tarafından sunulan Rock 1500'de bir numaraya yükseldi. 2021'de "Killing in the Name", The Rock 2,000'de bir numaraya yükseldi.

2021 yılında, İngiltere Resmi Listeler Şirketi, 70. Resmi Noel Numara 1 yarışını kutlamak için düzenlenen bir ankette "Killing in the Name"in 'Tüm Zamanların En Sevilen İngiliz Noel Numara 1'i' olarak seçildiğini duyurdu.

Canlı performanslar
Şarkı, ilk halka açık performanslarında, 23 Ekim 1991'de Cal State'deki Quadda uzatılmış bir enstrümantal olarak çalındı. Basçı Tim Commerford'un çoğu canlı performansta, nakaratın arka vokallerini "now you do what they told ya" şeklinde fısıldamasıyla bilinir.

Zack de la Rocha bazen canlı performans sırasında ikinci kıtadaki "Some of those that work forces are the same that burn crosses" sözlerini "Some of those that burn crosses are the same that hold office" şeklinde değiştirir. (Bazı kolluk kuvvetlerinde çalışanlar, aynı zamanda haç yakanlar... - Bazı şirketleri elinde tutanlar, aynı zamanda haç yakanlar... )

Rage Against the Machine'in gitaristi Tom Morello, Audioslave süpergrubunun bir parçası olarak, "Killing in the Name" gibi Rage Against the Machine'in enstrümantallerini performanslarına dahil etmiştir.

Rage Against the Machine, 1999 yılında Woodstock '99 festivalinde şarkıyı canlı olarak seslendirdi ve şarkı sırasında Amerikan bayrağını yakarak performans sergiledi. Bu performansta, de la Rocha şarkı sözlerini "Some of those that work forces are the same that burn churches" şeklinde değiştirdi.

Liste başarıları

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Grubun resmi sitesi
 The Battle of Turkey :: Türkçe RATM Kaynağı ve Fan Sitesi

Rage Against the Machine şarkıları
1992 şarkıları
Kapitalizm karşıtı şarkılar
1990'larda İngilizce şarkılar

Killing in the Name


Vlaho Asić (Split, 22. kolovoza 1936.) hrvatski vaterpolist, vaterpolski trener.

Igrao je za hrvatski klub Mornar Split za Jadran Split i za POŠKA.

Kao trener Jadran iz Splita osvojio je Kup europskih prvaka 1992./93. protiv zagrebačke Mladosti.
Kao trener POŠKA iz Splita osvojio je Jugoslavenski kup u 1980. i Kup pobjednika kupova u 1981/82.

2017. je godine dobio nagradu HOO-a Matija Ljubek.
2019. je godine dobio državnu nagradu "Franjo Bučar".

Izvori

Hrvatski vaterpolisti
Hrvatski vaterpolski treneri

Vlaho Asić


Geyik Muhabbetleri aslında bir mizah tarzı olarak 80'li yılların başında mizah yazarı ve çizer Cihan Demirci tarafından başlatılmış olup, bu sözcüklerin isim babası Cihan Demirci'dir. 1982 yılında çalışmış olduğu dergide Geyik Muhabbeti köşesini başlatan Demirci yazılarında "karşılıklı olarak yapılan monolog, yani iki ya da daha çok kişinin karşılıklı olarak boş konuşması" konularına göndermeler yapıyordu.

2007 yılında 25. yılına ulaşan bu sözcükleri uzun yıllar mizah dergilerinde, eklerinde ve gazetelerde bir mizah köşesi olarak sürdüren Cihan Demirci, 1990 yılında "Geyik Muhabbetleri"ni kitap olarak yayınladı. Bugüne dek 24 kez basılan ve 52 bin civarında bir satışa ulaşan "Geyik Muhabbetleri" kitabının birkaç yıldır baskısı tükenmiş durumda bulunuyor.

"Geyik Muhabbeti"ni 1980'li yıllarda; özdeyiş, gag, karşılıklı monolog, şiir, duvar yazısı karışımından oluşan bir mizah tarzı olarak hayatımıza sokan Cihan Demirci, "Geyik Muhabbeti" ile ilgili bir röportajda şunları söylüyor: "Mizahçının kaderidir bu, bir sözcük, bir deyim, bir terim uydurursunuz, aslında kullanım amacınız bambaşkadır ama toplum zaman içinde o sözcükleri alır, çekiştirir, çekiştirir, çekiştirir ve gerçek anlamının içini boşaltır. Sonra bir bumerang gibi size geri fırlatıp atar. "Geyik Muhabbeti"nde de vaziyet aynen böyle oldu. Bu iki sözcüğün toplumun elinde lastik gibi çekilip, içinin boşaltılmasına engel olamadım. Bu sözcükler 1990'lı yılların ortasından sonra benim yarattığım anlamını kaybetti, ben boş konuşmaları eleştirmek için kullanmıştım bu tanımlamayı. Ancak giderek sadece boş değil, dolu konuşmalara da geyik muhabbeti denilmeye başlandı. Hatta toplumumuz, 1990'lı yılların ortasından başlayarak muhabbeti tamamen bitirip, .... sözcüğü sadece 'geyik' düzeyine indirdi, bu gidişle sondaki, iki harfi de gidecek ve 'gey' sözcüğüne kadar inecek sanırım!. Ben de bu tehlike yüzünden yaptığım mizah tarzına 90'lı yıllarda "Espirin" sonra da "Laforizma" adını taktım, bu sözcükler sanırım daha yerine oturmuş sözcükler oldu..."

Mizah

Geyik muhabbeti


Apache Struts 1 is an open-source web application framework for developing Java EE web applications. It uses and extends the Java Servlet API to encourage developers to adopt a model–view–controller (MVC) architecture. It was originally created by Craig McClanahan and donated to the Apache Foundation in May 2000. Formerly located under the Apache Jakarta Project and known as Jakarta Struts, it became a top-level Apache project in 2005.

The WebWork framework spun off from Apache Struts aiming to offer enhancements and refinements while retaining the same general architecture of the original Struts framework. However, it was announced in December 2005 that Struts would re-merge with WebWork. WebWork 2.2 has been adopted as Apache Struts 2, which reached its first full release in February 2007.

Design goals and overview
In a standard Java EE web application, the client will typically call to the server via a web form. The information is then either handed over to a Java Servlet which interacts with a database and produces an HTML-formatted response, or it is given to a JavaServer Pages (JSP) document that intermingles HTML and Java code to achieve the same result.
Both approaches are often considered inadequate for large projects because they mix application logic with presentation and make maintenance difficult.

The goal of Struts is to separate the model (application logic that interacts with a database) from the view (HTML pages presented to the client) and the controller (instance that passes information between view and model). Struts provides the controller (a servlet known as ActionServlet) and facilitates the writing of templates for the view or presentation layer (typically in JSP, but XML/XSLT and Velocity are also supported). The web application programmer is responsible for writing the model code, and for creating a central configuration file struts-config.xml that binds together model, view, and controller.

Requests from the client are sent to the controller in the form of "Actions" defined in the configuration file; if the controller receives such a request it calls the corresponding Action class that interacts with the application-specific model code. The model code returns an "ActionForward", a string telling the controller what output page to send to the client. Information is passed between model and view in the form of special JavaBeans. A powerful custom tag library allows it from the presentation layer to read and write the content of these beans without the need for any embedded Java code.

Struts is categorized as a Model 2 request-based web application framework.

Struts also supports internationalization by web forms, and includes a template mechanism called "Tiles" that (for instance) allows the presentation layer to be composed from independent header, footer, menu navigation and content components.

See also
Comparison of web frameworks

References

Bibliography

 James Holmes: Struts: The Complete Reference, McGraw-Hill Osborne Media,
 Bill Dudney and Jonathan Lehr: Jakarta Pitfalls, Wiley,
 Bill Siggelkow: Jakarta Struts Cookbook, O'Reilly,
 James Goodwill, Richard Hightower: Professional Jakarta Struts, Wrox Press,
 John Carnell and Rob Harrop: Pro Jakarta Struts, Second Edition, Apress,
 John Carnell, Jeff Linwood and Maciej Zawadzki: Professional Struts Applications: Building Web Sites with Struts, ObjectRelationalBridge, Lucene, and Velocity, Apress,
 Ted Husted, etc.: Struts in Action, Manning Publications Company,
 Struts View Assembly and Validation, (PDF format).
 Stephan Wiesner: Learning Jakarta Struts 1.2, Packt Publishing, 2005

External links

Struts 1
Cross-platform free software
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Java enterprise platform
Web frameworks
Software using the Apache license
2000 software

Apache Struts 1


Francisco Melgar (Lima, Perú, 20 de junio de 1973) es un exfutbolista y entrenador peruano. Luego de su corta carrera como futbolista que jugó en Perú y España, realizó estudios como entrenador en Europa.

Actualmente es el director técnico de la Selección Futsal Sub-20. Tiene .

Trayectoria
Melgar tuvo una corta carrera como futbolista pasando por clubes de la Segunda División del Perú como Deportivo AELU, Hijos de Yurimaguas y Unión Huaral. Emigró a España, donde formó parte del plantel de futsal del Celta de Vigo por una temporada. En ese país, siguió estudios de Administración de Empresas en la Universidad de Vigo, además se graduó como técnico de la Real Federación Española de Fútbol y con una maestría en Alto Rendimiento en Fútbol.

Sus primeras experiencias como entrenador los realizó en España, dirigiendo a equipos juveniles de clubes importantes como el Rayo Vallecano y el Real Madrid. Volvió al Perú para dirigir equipos que disputaron la Copa Perú, sin mucho éxito. Resaltó su trabajo con el Sport Áncash en el 2011, donde quedó subcampeón del Torneo Intermedio y de la Segunda División del Perú. Hasta el año 2014 fue técnico de la reserva del club Sporting Cristal, donde formó parte de un proyecto en las divisiones inferiores de este club para el 2012 en donde trabajó conjuntamente con futbolistas referentes como Julinho. El año 2015 llega al Club Centro Deportivo Municipal para ser asistente de Roberto Pompei en el primer equipo, este posteriormente se haría cargo del equipo, hasta mediados de 2016 cuando llega a Sport Áncash donde lograría el subcampeonato de la segunda division, tras la buena campaña el 2017 dirige a Ayacucho F.C. donde sería despedido tras los malos resultados el 2018 vuelve a Unión Huaral con el fin de devolverlo a la Primera División tras pasar la primera ronda fue eliminado por Juan Aurich en cuartos de final.

En junio de 2019 llega a Deportivo Coopsol para reemplazar a Orlando Maltease, que había sido despedido por malos resultados. Llega como entrenador de Sport Chavelines en julio del 2021 y el 2022 dirigió al Unión Huaral.

Clubes

Como futbolista

Como entrenador

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Estadísticas de Francisco Melgar como entrenador (en español)
 Entrevista a Francisco Melgar (en español)

Nacidos en Lima
Francisco
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Asociación Estadio La Unión
Futbolistas del Club Hijos de Yurimaguas
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Chalaco
Futbolistas del Club Sport Unión Huaral
Entrenadores de fútbol de Perú
Entrenadores del Club Sport Unión Huaral
Entrenadores del Club Sport Áncash
Entrenadores del Club Sporting Cristal
Entrenadores del Club Centro Deportivo Municipal
Entrenadores del Ayacucho Fútbol Club
Alumnado de la Universidad de Vigo

Francisco Melgar


Vestindiens traktat, officielt konventionen mellem USA og Danmark, var en traktat i 1916, der overførte suveræniteten til Jomfruøerne (Dansk Vestindien) fra den 1. april 1917 fra Danmark til USA i bytte for en sum af $25.000.000 amerikanske dollars i guld.

Dansk Vestindien
Begivenheder i 1916

Vestindiens traktat


Salihiye, Sakarya ilinin Akyazı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Coğrafya
Sakarya il merkezine 37 km, Akyazı ilçesine 7 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

 Yerelnet

Akyazı'nın mahalleleri

Salihiye, Akyazı


Confederation Party was a term for the parties supporting Canadian confederation in the British colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland in the 1860s when politics became polarised between supporters and opponents of Confederation. The Confederation parties were accordingly opposed by Anti-Confederation parties in those three jurisdictions.  A conference was held on September 1, 1864, in Charlottetown when the Province of Canada became interested in it. John A. Macdonald was a huge promoter of Confederation and even made an alliance with his political rival, George Brown to make it happen.

In New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, the Confederation parties became Conservative parties aligned with the federal Liberal-Conservative Party of Sir John A. Macdonald (generally known simply as Conservatives), while Anti-Confederation parties became Liberals. This approximated the political dichotomy that existed prior to Confederation although, because of the realignment, some former Liberals became Conservatives and vice versa.

The acceptance of the Confederation Party was greatly influenced by the American Civil War. Other reasons were an aggressive American foreign policy and the Fenian Raids of 1866.

Some of the Maritime provinces were worried that the autonomy would be weakened if they took up the Confederation. It was also feared that the French-Canadian interests would be weakened if the Confederation was embraced in Canada East (modern-day Quebec).

See also

List of Canadian political parties

References
 "Sir John Alexander Macdonald". collectionscanada.gc.ca. n.p., n.d. Web. 25 October 2011.

Political parties in pre-Confederation New Brunswick
Political parties in pre-Confederation Nova Scotia
Politics of Nova Scotia

Confederation Party


الطريقة الأحمدية أو البدوية، إحدى الطرق الصوفية السنيّة التي تنسب إلى الشيخ أحمد البدوي الملقب بأبي الفتيان. وقد نشر طريقته من مصر من طنطا وتولى أمور الطريقة بعده عبد العال وهو من أوائل مريديه الذين تربوا على يده. وانتشرت طريقته من مصر إلى أقطار العالم الإسلامي مثل تركيا وليبيا والسودان وغيرها من الدول العربية والأوربية والآسيوية.

ولقد تفرعت منها الطرق العديدة مثل:
 الشناوية وشيخها حسن محمد الشناوي، وهو شيخ مشايخ الطرق الصوفية في مصر ورئيس المجلس الصوفي الأعلى سابقا.
 المرازقة وشيخها عصام الدين أحمد شمس الدين.
 الشعيبية وشيخها محمد محمد الشعيبي.
 الزاهدية وشيخها حسن السيد حسن يوسف.
 الجوهرية وشيخها الحسين أبو الحسن الجوهري.
 الفرغلية وشيخها أحمد صبري الفرغلي.
 الإمبابية وشيخها هاني محمد علي سلمان.
 البيومية وشيخها أحمد حامد فضل.
 السطوحية وشيخها علي زين العابدين السطوحي.
 الحمودية وشيخها إبراهيم محمد المغربي.
 التسقيانية وشيخها أحمد إبراهيم التسقياني.
 الكناسية وشيخها [حمد سلامة نويتو.
 المنايفة وشيخها علي الدين عبد الله المنوفي.
 الجعفرية وشيخها عبد الغني صالح الجعفري.
 الجريرية وشيخها عبد الله خويطر جرير.
 الحلبية.
 السلامية.
 الكنانية.

مراجع

الصوفية في مصر
طرق صوفية
طرق صوفية سنية

الطريقة الأحمدية


Cramer  is an English surname and the Anglicized version of Dutch and Low German Kramer, or German Krämer (pronounced ). Both refer to the profession of traveling merchants in the Late Middle Ages. The meaning later changed to "merchants trading with different, rather small things.

Notable people with the name include:

People
 Anthony Cramer, appellant in Cramer v. United States (U.S. Supreme Court, 1945)
 Carl Eduard Cramer (1831–1901), Swiss botanist
 Casey Cramer (born 1982), American football player
 Chris Cramer (1948–2021), British news journalist and executive
 Christopher J. Cramer (born 1961), American chemist
 Clayton Cramer, American historian and software engineer
 Daniel Cramer (1568–1637), German Lutheran theologian
 Doc Cramer (1905–1990), American baseball player
 Dorothy Cramer, American baseball player
 Douglas S. Cramer, American TV producer
 Dylan Cramer (born 1958), Canadian jazz musician
 Ernst Cramer (architect) (1898–1980), Swiss landscape architect
 Ernst J. Cramer (1913–2010), American journalist
 Ernst Cramer (politician) (1960), Dutch politician
 Floyd Cramer (1933–1997), American pianist
 Franz Cramer (violinist) (1772–1848), English violinist and Master of the Queen's Music
 Gabe Cramer (born 1994), Israeli-Canadian-American baseball player
 Gabriel Cramer (1704–1752), Swiss mathematician, discoverer of Cramer's rule
 Cramer brothers, Gabriel and Philibert Cramer, 18th century Swiss publishers
 Grant Cramer (born 1961), American actor
 Hank Cramer (born 1953), American folk singer
 Hans Cramer (1896–1968), German general
 Harald Cramér (1893–1985), Swedish mathematician
 Harriet L. Cramer (1847-1922), American newspaper publisher
 Helene Cramer (1844–1916), German painter
 Jacqueline Cramer (born 1951), Dutch politician
 Jayme Cramer (born 1983), American swimmer
 Jim Cramer (born 1955), American investment manager and television personality
 Joey Cramer (born 1973), Canadian child actor
 Johann Baptist Cramer (1771–1858), German pianist and composer
 John Cramer (announcer), American television announcer
 John Cramer (Australian politician) (1896–1994)
 John Cramer (representative) (1779–1870), American politician from New York
 John Antony Cramer (1793–1848), English classical scholar and geographer
 John G. Cramer (born 1934), American physicist and science fiction author
 Johann Ulrich von Cramer (1706–1772), German judge, legal scholar, and philosopher
 Karl von Cramer (1818–1902), Bavarian politician
 Kathryn Cramer (born 1962), American science fiction author and editor
 Kevin Cramer (born 1961), American politician from North Dakota
 Lawrence William Cramer (1897–1978), Governor of the United States Virgin Islands
 Lea-Sophie Cramer (born 1987), German entrepreneur
 Mars Cramer (1928–2014), Dutch economist
 Michael Cramer (actor) (1930–2000), German actor
 Michael Cramer (politician) (born 1949), German politician
 Molly Cramer (1852–1936), German painter
 Morten Cramer (born 1967), Danish football player
 Patrick Cramer (born 1969), German biochemist
 Peggy Cramer (1937–2016), American baseball player
 Philippe Cramer (born 1970), Swiss furniture and wallpaper designer
 Philo Cramer, American guitarist
 Pieter Cramer (1721–1776), Dutch wool merchant and entomologist
 Richard Cramer (1889–1960), American actor
 Richard Ben Cramer (1950–2013), American journalist and author
 Rie Cramer (1887–1977), Dutch writer and illustrator
 Robert E. Cramer (born 1947), American politician from Alabama
 Ronald Cramer (born 1968), Dutch cryptographer
 Ronnie Cramer (1957–2021), American artist, composer and filmmaker
 Walter Cramer (1886–1944), German businessman and anti-Hitler conspirator
 Wilhelm Cramer (1746–1799), German-British violinist, best known for the "Cramer bow"
 William Cramer (pathologist) (1878–1945), German-born pathologist
 William C. Cramer (1922–2003), American politician from Florida

In fiction
 Cramer family, characters on the U.S. soap opera One Life to Live
 Inspector Cramer, recurring character in the Nero Wolfe detective stories
 Jason Cramer, character on the HBO drama Oz
 Nurse Cramer, character in Catch-22 by Joseph Heller

See also
Cremer, surname
Kramer (surname)

Occupational surnames

Cramer (surname)


Agrilus biscrensis é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Pic, 1918.

Referências

biscrensis

Agrilus biscrensis


Turn- und Sportverein München von 1860, oftast þekkt sem TSV 1860 München  er þýskt knattspyrnufélag stofnað í München. Þeir hafa einu sinni orðið deildarmeistarar, það var árið 1966.

1860 München

Sigrar
 Þýskur meistari: 1
  1965-66
 Þýskur bikarmeistari: 2
  1942, 1963–64
 Evrópukeppni bikarhafa: 0
  1964-65 (Úrslit)

Þekktir leikmenn
 Mathieu Béda
 Lars Bender
 Sven Bender
 Rudi Brunnenmeier
 Thomas Hässler
 Jens Jeremies
 Simon Jentzsch
 Timo Konietzka
 Hans Küppers
 Benjamin Lauth
 Bernd Patzke
 Petar Radenkovic
 Rudi Völler

Þekktir þjálfarar
 Max Merkel

Tengill
 Heimasíða félagsins

Þýsk knattspyrnufélög
Knattpyrnufélög í München
stofnað 1860

1860 München


إذاعة لبنان هي الإذاعة الرسمية للجمهورية اللبنانية تبث من بيروت، تعد من أقدم محطات الإذاعة العربية. تتألف الإذاعة من قسم عربي وقسم البرامج الغربية الذي يبث باللغات الفرنسية، والإنكليزية، والأرمنية، والأسبانية والبرتغالية، وهي تتبع اليوم لوزارة الاعلام. تحتفظ الإذاعة اللبنانية في مكتبتها بآلاف التسجيلات من برامج مختلفة تؤرشف تاريخ لبنان الحديث، إضافة إلى مواد موسيقية وغنائية ومسلسلات نادرة.

المحطات والبث
تملك الإذاعة اليوم ثلاث محطات إرسال على الموجة القصيرة جداً "أف أم"، واحدة في جبال الباروك، والأخرى في جبل أيطو في قضاء الشمال والمحطة الثالثة في منطقة نعص في بكفيا. تبث المحطات على الموجات 98.1 و98.5 «أف أم»، وهناك أربع محطات بث لموجة 96.2 «أف أم» مخصصة للبرامج الغربية: الأولى في بيت مري، الثانية في جبل أيطو في الشمال والثالثة في بعلبك والرابعة على قمة جبل صافي في الجنوب.

تاريخ
إذاعة لبنان هي من أقدم الإذاعات في العالم العربي، أنشئت في عام 1938 باسم (راديو الشرق) خلال فترة الانتداب الفرنسي، وكان مقرّها في السراي الحكومي، شغل الأديب ألبير أديب منصب المدير الأول للإذاعة، بينما كان الشاعر سعيد عقل المذيع الأول فيها.

وفي نيسان 1946 انتقلت ملكيتها إلى الدولة اللبنانية وألحقت بوزارة الأنباء والسياحة وأصبح اسمها الرسمي «الإذاعة اللبنانية»، وفي السبعينات أصبحت تعرف باسم «إذاعة لبنان». وكان من أكثر الناشطين فيها عميد المذيعين العرب الراحل شفيق جدايل، كما عمل فيها العديد من المذيعين منهم ناهدة فضلي الدجاني، ورياض شرارة، وحكمت وهبة، وسعاد العشي وناهد وشريف الأخوي، وانطلقوا منها إلى تلفزيون لبنان في ما بعد، ومن ثمّ إلى إذاعات وتلفزيونات خاصة.

في يناير عام 1958 وضع حجر الاساس لدار الإذاعة اللبنانية الكبرى في منطقة الصنائع في بيروت. وتولّت شركة ألمانية تنفيذ المشروع الذي يضّم استديوهات ومكتبة تسجيلات ومحطة للإرسال في عمشيت، تبث على موجتين: موجة متوسطة للبرامج العربية وموجة قصيرة للبرامج الغربية.

انطلقت من استديوهات الإذاعة أهم أصوات المطربين اللبنانين والعرب، سجّلت فيروز مئات الأغاني، وفيها غنّت أم كلثوم «يا ظالمني» لأول مرة، في حفلة مباشرة على الهواء ما زال تسجيلها محفوظًا، ومن استديوهاتها أيضًا غنى محمد عبد الوهاب وفريد الاطرش ووديع الصافي وصباح وزكي ناصيف ونور الهدى ونجاح سلام وغيرهم.

يعتبر أرشيف الإذاعة كنز من كنوزها وثروة وطنية فهو يؤرخ عقودًا من تاريخ لبنان سياسيًا واقتصاديًا وأدبيًا وفنيًا، بالإضافة إلى ما يحتويه من مواد أخرى نادرة، وهو الأضخم بين المكتبات الصوتية في الشرق الأوسط. يقسم الأرشيف إلى ثلاثة أقسام: الأغاني، البرامج القديمة ومتحف الأصوات. حيث يجري العمل في القسم الأخير على استعادة أصوات رؤساء جمهوريات وقادة وشخصيات في مناسبات ومحطات تاريخية.

للفنانة فيروز أكبر عدد من الأغاني في الإذاعة إذ يبلغ عدد أغانيها نحو 800 أغنية، يليها وديع الصافي وصباح.

مراجع

الإعلام في بيروت
إذاعات لبنان

إذاعة لبنان


Ugley is a small village and civil parish in the non-metropolitan district of Uttlesford in Essex, England. It is about  north from Stansted Mountfitchet, and situated between Saffron Walden and Bishop's Stortford. Within the parish is the village of Ugley Green,  to the south.

Ugley was first recorded in 1041 as "Uggele". It appears in the Domesday Book as "Ugghelea", in the ancient hundred of Claverling. The name probably means "woodland clearing of a man named Ugga."

Within Ugley there are several buildings of the 16th and 17th centuries. The Grade II* listed church, St Peter's, has a 13th-century nave and a Tudor brick tower. Orford House is a Grade II* listed building built by Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford, c.1700.

The village's name has been noted on lists of unusual place names.

Cycling
There is a cycling time trial course which starts close to Ugley. The village is home to several bungalows or "huts" owned by long-established cycling clubs based in Essex and Greater London.

References

See also
 Clavering hundred
 The Hundred Parishes
 List of places in Essex
 Rude Britain

Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex

Ugley