La suimanga dorsioliva (Cinnyris jugularis) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Nectariniidae. Se encuentra desde el Sur de Asia hasta Australia.

Son aves paseriformes muy pequeñas que se alimentan abundantemente de néctar, aunque también atrapan insectos, especialmente cuando alimentan sus crías. El vuelo con sus alas cortas es rápido y directo.

Descripción
Es un pequeño pájaro de 12 cm de largo como máximo. Los machos y las hembras, tienen el vientre brillante de fondo amarillo, verde oliva, mucho más discreto. En el macho, el abdomen, la frente, el cuello y parte superior es un color azul oscuro metalizado.

Distribución y hábitat
Es común desde el sur de China a las Filipinas y Malasia, al norte-este de Australia. Es un ave del manglar, que se ha adaptado bien al contacto humano y que no duda en nidificar en la ciudad.

Reproducción

Por lo general, son monógamos. La reproducción tiene lugar entre abril y agosto en un nido suspendido. La hembra pone dos huevos que incuba sola. Los machos están implicados en la alimentación de los jóvenes.

Subespecies
Según Alan P. Peterson, existen 21 subespecies :
 Cinnyris jugularis andamanicus (Hume) 1873
 Cinnyris jugularis aurora (Tweeddale) 1878
 Cinnyris jugularis buruensis Hartert 1910
 Cinnyris jugularis clementiae Lesson 1827
 Cinnyris jugularis flammaxillaris (Blyth) 1845
 Cinnyris jugularis flavigastra (Gould) 1843
 Cinnyris jugularis frenatus (Muller,S) 1843
 Cinnyris jugularis idenburgi Rand 1940
 Cinnyris jugularis infrenatus Hartert 1903
 Cinnyris jugularis jugularis (Linnaeus) 1766
 Cinnyris jugularis keiensis Stresemann 1913
 Cinnyris jugularis klossi (Richmond) 1902
 Cinnyris jugularis obscurior Ogilvie-Grant 1894
 Cinnyris jugularis ornatus Lesson 1827
 Cinnyris jugularis plateni (Blasius,W) 1885
 Cinnyris jugularis polyclystus Oberholser 1912
 Cinnyris jugularis proselius Oberholser 1923
 Cinnyris jugularis rhizophorae (Swinhoe) 1869
 Cinnyris jugularis robustirostris (Mees) 1964
 Cinnyris jugularis teysmanni Buttikofer 1893
 Cinnyris jugularis woodi (Mearns) 1909

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Olive-backed Sunbird videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection.
 BirdLife Species Factsheet

jugularis
Aves de Asia
Aves de Oceanía
Taxones descritos por Carlos Linneo
Animales descritos en 1766

Cinnyris jugularis


Rush Hour is a 1998 American buddy action comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Jim Kouf and Ross LaManna from a story by LaManna. It stars Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker as mismatched police officers who are assigned to rescue a Chinese diplomat's abducted daughter. Tzi Ma, Tom Wilkinson, Ken Leung, Mark Rolston, Elizabeth Peña, and Rex Linn play supporting roles. Released on September 18, 1998, the film grossed over $244 million worldwide. Its box office commercial success led to two sequels: Rush Hour 2 (2001) and Rush Hour 3 (2007).

Plot
On the last day of British rule of Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, Detective Inspector Lee of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force leads a raid at the wharf, hoping to arrest the unidentified, anonymous crime lord Juntao. He finds only Sang, Juntao's right-hand man, who escapes in a boat. Lee recovers numerous Chinese cultural treasures stolen by Juntao, which he presents as a farewell victory gift to his departing superiors, Chinese consul Solon Han and British police commander Thomas Griffin.

Two months later after Han takes up his new diplomatic post in Los Angeles, Han's daughter Soo Yung is kidnapped by Sang while on her way to school. Han calls Lee to assist in the case, but the FBI, afraid Lee's involvement could cause an international incident, pawns him off on the LAPD. Detective James Carter is tricked into "babysitting" Lee as punishment for botching a sting operation; when he finds out, he decides to solve the case. Carter takes Lee on a sightseeing tour, keeping him away from the embassy while contacting informants about the kidnapping. Lee makes his own way to the Chinese Consulate, where Han and the FBI await news about his daughter. While arguing with Special Agent-in-charge Warren Russ, Carter unwittingly negotiates with Sang, arranging a $50 million ransom drop.

The FBI traces the call to a warehouse, where a team of agents are killed by plastic explosive. Spotting Sang nearby, Lee and Carter give chase but he escapes, dropping the detonator. Carter's colleague, LAPD bomb expert Tania Johnson, traces it to Clive Cobb, a man previously arrested by Carter. Lee presses Clive into revealing his business relationship with Juntao, whom he met at the Foo Chow restaurant in Chinatown, earning Carter's trust. Carter goes to the restaurant alone and sees a surveillance video of Juntao carrying Soo Yung into a van. Lee arrives and saves Carter from Juntao's syndicate, but they are taken off the case as the FBI blames them for the botched ransom drop, with Lee sent back to Hong Kong. However, Carter refuses to give up and appeals to Johnson for assistance to sneak on board Lee's plane, where he persuades the Hong Kong detective to help stop Juntao together.

Griffin later involves himself in the case, revealing more about the HKPF's past with Juntao's syndicate, and implores Han to pay the ransom to avoid further bloodshed. At the opening of a Chinese art exhibition at the Los Angeles Convention Center, overseen by Han and Griffin, the now $70 million ransom is delivered, and Carter, Lee, and Johnson enter disguised as guests. Carter orders the guests to evacuate for safety, angering the FBI, but Lee catches Griffin accepting a remote for the detonator from Sang. Lee and Johnson realize Griffin is Juntao when Carter recognizes him from the Chinatown surveillance tape. Griffin threatens to detonate a bomb vest attached to Soo Yung and demands that the ransom be paid in full, as compensation for the priceless Chinese artifacts which Lee recovered in his raid. Carter sneaks out, locates Soo Yung in the van, and drives it into the building within range of Griffin, preventing him from setting off the vest.

Johnson gets the vest off Soo Yung, while Griffin heads to the roof with the bag of money. Lee takes the vest and pursues Griffin, while Carter shoots Sang dead in a gunfight. Lee has a brief altercation with Griffin that culminates in both dangling from the rafters. Griffin, holding on to the vest, falls to his death when its straps are torn, but when Lee falls, Carter catches him with a large flag. Han and Soo Yung are reunited and Han sends Carter and Lee on vacation to Hong Kong as a reward. Before Carter leaves, agents Russ and Whitney offer him a position in the FBI, which he mockingly refuses. Carter boards the plane with Lee, who annoyingly starts singing Edwin Starr's "War" off-key.

Cast
 Jackie Chan as Chief Inspector Lee, a top Hong Kong cop who comes to Los Angeles to help his friend find his kidnapped daughter.
 Chris Tucker as Detective James Carter, a fast-talking street-smart LAPD Detective originally assigned by the FBI to babysit Lee and keep him out of their investigation.
 Tom Wilkinson as Thomas Griffin/Juntao, a British diplomat and colleague of Han's who is secretly the top crime lord in Hong Kong.
 Tzi Ma as Consul Solon Han, Soo Yung's father and a Hong Kong diplomat who has just moved to Los Angeles.
 Ken Leung as Sang, Juntao's second in command.
 Elizabeth Peña as Detective Tania Johnson, an aspiring bomb squad technician in the LAPD who helps Carter rescue Soo-Yung.
 Mark Rolston as Special Agent Warren Russ of the FBI.
 Rex Linn as FBI agent Dan Whitney.
 Chris Penn as Clive Cod, a small time arms dealer who was arrested by Carter in a botched sting operation.
 Philip Baker Hall as Captain Bill Diel, Carter's supervisor.  He gives Carter the FBI assignment as punishment for a botched undercover sting operation.
 Julia Hsu as Soo-Yung Han, Consul Han's daughter who is kidnapped by a criminal organization. She is also a martial arts student of Lee's.
 John Hawkes as "Stucky", Carter's informant.
 Clifton Powell as Luke, Carter's cousin and local crime lord.
 Barry Shabaka Henley as Bobby, a security guard.
 James Yeung as Mr Pong, a Chinese Cook

Production
Rush Hour began as a spec script written in 1995 by screenwriter Ross LaManna. The screenplay was sold by LaManna's William Morris agent Alan Gasmer to Hollywood Pictures, a division of the Walt Disney Company, with Arthur Sarkissian attached as producer. After attaching director Ratner and developing the project for more than a year with producers including Sarkissian, Jonathan Glickman and Roger Birnbaum, Disney Studios chief Joe Roth put the project into turnaround, citing concerns about the $34 million budget, and Chan's appeal to American audiences. Several studios were interested in acquiring the project. New Line Cinema was confident in Ratner, having done Money Talks with him, so they made a hard commitment to a budget and start date for Rush Hour.

Martin Lawrence, Wesley Snipes, Chris Rock, Eddie Murphy and Dave Chappelle were considered for the role of Detective James Carter; Murphy turned down the role to do Holy Man instead while Snipes turned down the role in favor of Blade, which the latter was also for New Line.

After the success of Rumble in the Bronx, Brett Ratner wanted to put Jackie Chan in a buddy-cop movie, not as a co-star or sidekick but on equal footing with an American star. Ratner flew to South Africa where Chan was filming and pitched the film. A few days later Chan agreed to star and not long after flew to Los Angeles and met Chris Tucker, the latter actor who ended up taking the role as Detective James Carter.

Ratner credited Tucker with getting his first feature film Money Talks and thought Tucker and Chan would make a great team. Filming began on November 30, 1997.

Reception

Box office
Rush Hour opened at No. 1 in September 1998 at the North American box office, with a weekend gross of $33 million. It surpassed The First Wives Club to have the highest September opening weekend and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles to have the biggest opening weekend for a New Line Cinema film. The film would hold latter record until the following June when Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me took it. Rush Hour would continue to hold the September record for three more years until it was surpassed by Sweet Home Alabama in 2002. Overall, it would top the box office for two weeks before getting displaced by Antz. Rush Hour grossed over $140 million in the US and $103 million in the rest of the world, for a total worldwide gross over $244 million.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, the film holds an approval rating of 62% based on 76 reviews and an average score of 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "While it won't win any awards for originality, the combustible chemistry between its stars means Rush Hour hits just as hard on either side of the action-comedy divide." On Metacritic, the film received a weighted average score of 60 out of 100 based on 23 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert praised both Jackie Chan, for his entertaining action sequences without the use of stunt doubles, and Chris Tucker, for his comical acts in the film, and how they formed an effective comedic duo. Joe Leydon of Variety called it "a frankly formulaic but raucously entertaining action comedy". Leydon is critical of the editing, saying that it "works against Chan by breaking up the flow of his frenzied physicality." Charles Taylor of Salon.com is critical of Hollywood misusing Jackie Chan: "Chan is a one-of-a-kind performer: Bruce Lee crossed with Donald O'Connor in the "Make 'em Laugh" number from Singin' in the Rain. Hollywood needs to stop treating him as if he were one of those fondue sets given as wedding gifts in the '70s: a foreign novelty shoved in a closet due to absolute cluelessness about what to do with it."

Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post calls the film a "misbegotten marriage of sweet and sour" and says, "The problem is it can't make up its mind and, unlike Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, the sharply contrasting flavors of these ingredients only leave a bad taste in the customer's mouth." O'Sullivan says Tucker is miscast, the script "perfunctory and sloppy", and the direction "limp, lethargic". Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a grade "C−" and was critical of the buddy comedy, saying, "The two characters barely even have a relationship; they're a union of demographics—the "urban" market meets the slapstick-action market."

Chan has expressed dissatisfaction with the film: "I didn't like the movie. I still don't like the movie." Chan continued: "I don't like the way I speak English, and I don't know what Chris Tucker is saying". Although he respects the box-office success of Rush Hour, Chan said he preferred the films he made in his native Hong Kong because they delivered more fight scenes: "If you see my Hong Kong movies, you know what happens: Bam bam bam, always Jackie Chan-style, me, 10 minutes of fighting."

Cultural influence
Rush Hour was the catalyst for the creation of the review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes. Senh Duong, the website's founder and a Jackie Chan fan, was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chan's Hong Kong action films as they were being released in the United States. In anticipation of Rush Hour, Chan's first major Hollywood crossover, he coded the website in two weeks and the site went live shortly before the film's release.

Sequels
A sequel, Rush Hour 2, which was primarily set in Hong Kong, was released in 2001. A third film, Rush Hour 3, which was primarily set in Paris, was released on August 10, 2007. Tucker earned $25 million for his role in the third film and Chan received the film's distribution rights in Asia.

In 2007, before the release of Rush Hour 3, Ratner was optimistic about making a fourth film and potentially having it set in Moscow. In 2017, Chan agreed to a potential script for Rush Hour 4 after years of turning down scripts.

Music

Edwin Starr's "War" was used as the ending theme for the film.

The film's soundtrack features the hit single "Can I Get A..." by Jay-Z, Ja Rule and Amil, as well as tracks by Flesh-n-Bone, Wu-Tang Clan, Dru Hill, Charli Baltimore and Montell Jordan.

The official soundtrack album was also a success, certified platinum on January 21, 1999.

Awards
 1999 ALMA Awards
 Winner: Outstanding Actress in a Feature Film (Elizabeth Peña)
 1999 BMI Film and TV Awards
 Winner: BMI Film Music Award (Lalo Schifrin)
 1999 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
 Winner: Favorite Duo- Action/Adventure (Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker)
 Nomination: Favorite Supporting Actress- Action/Adventure (Elizabeth Peña)
 1999 Bogey Awards (Germany)
 Winner: Bogey Awards in Silver
 1999 Golden Screen (Germany)
 Winner: Golden Screen
 1999 Grammy Awards
 Nomination: Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television (Lalo Schifrin)
 1999 NAACP Image Awards
 Nomination: Outstanding Lead Actor in a Motion Picture (Chris Tucker)
 1999 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards (United States)
 Nomination: Favorite Movie Actor (Blimp Award) (Chris Tucker)
 1999 MTV Movie Awards
 Winner: Best On-Screen Duo (Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker)
 Nomination: Best Comedic Performance (Chris Tucker)
 Nomination: Best Fight (Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker) (For the fight against the Chinese gang)
 Nomination: Best Movie Song (Jay-Z) (For Can I Get A...)

Home media

VHS

DVD

UMD

Blu-ray

See also
 Buddy cop film
 List of films set in Hong Kong
 List of films set in Los Angeles
 Jackie Chan filmography

References

External links

1998 films
1998 action comedy films
1998 martial arts films
Films about Chinese Americans
American action comedy films
American buddy cop films
American martial arts films
Fictional portrayals of the Los Angeles Police Department
Films about kidnapping
Kung fu films
1990s martial arts comedy films
1990s police comedy films
American police detective films
Culture of Los Angeles
Triad films
New Line Cinema films
Films set in Los Angeles
Films set in Hong Kong
Films shot in California
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in Hong Kong
Films set in 1997
Films about child abduction in the United States
Films scored by Lalo Schifrin
Films directed by Brett Ratner
Films produced by Roger Birnbaum
Films about the Federal Bureau of Investigation
1990s buddy cop films
Rush Hour (franchise)
Chinese-language American films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
American buddy comedy films
1990s Hong Kong films

Rush Hour (1998 film)


An Pleurothallis pelicophora in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer. An Pleurothallis pelicophora in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pleurothallis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pleurothallis

Pleurothallis pelicophora


Küpeşte teknelerin (bir sandal ya da bir transatlantik), iskele ve sancaktaki üst yüzeyine denir. Yelkenciler bu yüzeyde oturarak veya trapez pozisyonu alarak teknenin seyir esnasındaki dengesini sağlar.

Küpeşte; merdiven, balkon ve teraslarda, alüminyum, paslanmaz çelik gibi metal alaşımlar ve PMMA (Poli Metil Met Akrilat) gibi termoplastik malzemelerden yapılan korkuluk sistemlerine denir.

Notlar

Denizcilik terimleri

Küpeşte


Aswin Kwanmuang (, RTGS: Atsawin Khwanmueang; né le  à Suphanburi) est un ancien général de police et homme politique thaïlandais.

En 2016, il est désigné gouverneur de Bangkok par le Conseil national pour la paix et le maintien de l'ordre, junte militaire ayant effectué le coup d'État de 2014, succédant ainsi à Sukhumbhand Paribatra, élu démocratiquement sous l'étiquette du Parti démocrate en 2009. Il s'agit du premier militaire à diriger le gouvernorat de la capitale.

Après 5 ans de mandat, Kwanmuang démissionne en mars 2022 pour se présenter sans étiquette à l'élection gouvernorale de Bangkok de 2022. Il récolte à l'issue environ 8 % des suffrages, loin derrière le victorieux Chadchart Sittipunt à environ 51 %.

Biographie
Général de police, Aswin Kwanmuang est né le  à Suphanburi. Il est scolarisé de l'école Dan Chang Wittaya et après il est devenu élève-sous-officier de l'école sous-officier de police régionale 7. Ensuite, il a réussi à entrer L'Académie des cadets de la police royale où il était élève-officier de police et a reçu une licence de administrations publiques.

Références

Personnalité politique thaïlandaise
Naissance dans la province de Suphanburi
Naissance en février 1951

Aswin Kwanmuang


In computer science, tree traversal (also known as tree search and walking the tree) is a form of graph traversal and refers to the process of visiting (e.g. retrieving, updating, or deleting) each node in a tree data structure, exactly once. Such traversals are classified by the order in which the nodes are visited. The following algorithms are described for a binary tree, but they may be generalized to other trees as well.

Types
Unlike linked lists, one-dimensional arrays and other linear data structures, which are canonically traversed in linear order, trees may be traversed in multiple ways. They may be traversed in depth-first or breadth-first order. There are three common ways to traverse them in depth-first order: in-order, pre-order and post-order. Beyond these basic traversals, various more complex or hybrid schemes are possible, such as depth-limited searches like iterative deepening depth-first search. The latter, as well as breadth-first search, can also be used to traverse infinite trees, see below.

Data structures for tree traversal
Traversing a tree involves iterating over all nodes in some manner. Because from a given node there is more than one possible next node (it is not a linear data structure), then, assuming sequential computation (not parallel), some nodes must be deferred—stored in some way for later visiting. This is often done via a stack (LIFO) or queue (FIFO). As a tree is a self-referential (recursively defined) data structure, traversal can be defined by recursion or, more subtly, corecursion, in a natural and clear fashion; in these cases the deferred nodes are stored implicitly in the call stack.

Depth-first search is easily implemented via a stack, including recursively (via the call stack), while breadth-first search is easily implemented via a queue, including corecursively.

Depth-first search

In depth-first search (DFS), the search tree is deepened as much as possible before going to the next sibling.

To traverse binary trees with depth-first search, perform the following operations at each node:
 If the current node is empty then return.
 Execute the following three operations in a certain order:
 N: Visit the current node.
 L: Recursively traverse the current node's left subtree.
 R: Recursively traverse the current node's right subtree.

The trace of a traversal is called a sequentialisation of the tree. The traversal trace is a list of each visited node. No one sequentialisation according to pre-, in- or post-order describes the underlying tree uniquely. Given a tree with distinct elements, either pre-order or post-order paired with in-order is sufficient to describe the tree uniquely. However, pre-order with post-order leaves some ambiguity in the tree structure.

There are three methods at which position of the traversal relative to the node (in the figure: red, green, or blue) the visit of the node shall take place. The choice of exactly one color determines exactly one visit of a node as described below. Visit at all three colors results in a threefold visit of the same node yielding the "all-order" sequentialisation:
--------------------------

Pre-order, NLR
 Visit the current node (in the figure: position red).
 Recursively traverse the current node's left subtree.
 Recursively traverse the current node's right subtree.

The pre-order traversal is a topologically sorted one, because a parent node is processed before any of its child nodes is done.

Post-order, LRN
 Recursively traverse the current node's left subtree.
 Recursively traverse the current node's right subtree.
 Visit the current node (in the figure: position blue).

Post-order traversal can be useful to get postfix expression of a binary expression tree.

In-order, LNR
 Recursively traverse the current node's left subtree.
 Visit the current node (in the figure: position green).
 Recursively traverse the current node's right subtree.

In a binary search tree ordered such that in each node the key is greater than all keys in its left subtree and less than all keys in its right subtree, in-order traversal retrieves the keys in ascending sorted order.

Reverse pre-order, NRL
 Visit the current node.
 Recursively traverse the current node's right subtree.
 Recursively traverse the current node's left subtree.

Reverse post-order, RLN
 Recursively traverse the current node's right subtree.
 Recursively traverse the current node's left subtree.
 Visit the current node.

Reverse in-order, RNL
 Recursively traverse the current node's right subtree.
 Visit the current node.
 Recursively traverse the current node's left subtree.

In a binary search tree ordered such that in each node the key is greater than all keys in its left subtree and less than all keys in its right subtree, reverse in-order traversal retrieves the keys in descending sorted order.

Arbitrary trees
To traverse arbitrary trees (not necessarily binary trees) with depth-first search, perform the following operations at each node:
 If the current node is empty then return.
 Visit the current node for pre-order traversal.
 For each i from 1 to the current node's number of subtrees − 1, or from the latter to the former for reverse traversal, do:
 Recursively traverse the current node's i-th subtree.
 Visit the current node for in-order traversal.
 Recursively traverse the current node's last subtree.
 Visit the current node for post-order traversal.

Depending on the problem at hand, pre-order, post-order, and especially one of the number of subtrees − 1 in-order operations may be optional. Also, in practice more than one of pre-order, post-order, and in-order operations may be required. For example, when inserting into a ternary tree, a pre-order operation is performed by comparing items. A post-order operation may be needed afterwards to re-balance the tree.

Breadth-first search

In breadth-first search (BFS) or level-order search, the search tree is broadened as much as possible before going to the next depth.

Other types
There are also tree traversal algorithms that classify as neither depth-first search nor breadth-first search. One such algorithm is Monte Carlo tree search, which concentrates on analyzing the most promising moves, basing the expansion of the search tree on random sampling of the search space.

Applications

Pre-order traversal can be used to make a prefix expression (Polish notation) from expression trees: traverse the expression tree pre-orderly. For example, traversing the depicted arithmetic expression in pre-order yields "+ * A − B C + D E". In prefix notation, there is no need for any parentheses as long as each operator has a fixed number of operands. Pre-order traversal is also used to create a copy of the tree.

Post-order traversal can generate a postfix representation (Reverse Polish notation) of a binary tree. Traversing the depicted arithmetic expression in post-order yields "A B C − * D E + +"; the latter can easily be transformed into machine code to evaluate the expression by a stack machine. Post-order traversal is also used to delete the tree. Each node is freed after freeing its children.

In-order traversal is very commonly used on binary search trees because it returns values from the underlying set in order, according to the comparator that set up the binary search tree.

Implementations

Depth-first search implementation

Pre-order implementation

Post-order implementation

In-order implementation

Another variant of Pre-order
If the tree is represented by an array (first index is 0), it is possible to calculate the index of the next element:

 procedure bubbleUp(array, i, leaf)
     k ← 1
     i ← (i - 1)/2
     while (leaf + 1) % (k * 2) ≠ k
         i ← (i - 1)/2
         k ← 2 * k
     return i

 procedure preorder(array)
     i ← 0
     while i ≠ array.size
         visit(array[i])
         if i = size - 1
             i ← size
         else if i < size/2
             i ← i * 2 + 1
         else
             leaf ← i - size/2
             parent ← bubble_up(array, i, leaf)
             i ← parent * 2 + 2

Advancing to the next or previous node
The node to be started with may have been found in the binary search tree bst by means of a standard search function, which is shown here in an implementation without parent pointers, i.e. it uses a stack for holding the ancestor pointers.

 procedure search(bst, key)
     // returns a (node, stack)
     node ← bst.root
     stack ← empty stack
     while node ≠ null
         stack.push(node)
         if key = node.key
             return (node, stack)
         if key < node.key
             node ← node.left
         else
             node ← node.right
     return (null, empty stack)

The function inorderNext returns an in-order-neighbor of node, either the  (for dir=1) or the  (for dir=0), and the updated stack, so that the binary search tree may be sequentially in-order-traversed and searched in the given direction dir further on.

 procedure inorderNext(node, dir, stack)
     newnode ← node.child[dir]
     if newnode ≠ null
         do
             node ← newnode
             stack.push(node)
             newnode ← node.child[1-dir]
         until newnode = null
         return (node, stack)
     // node does not have a dir-child:
     do
         if stack.isEmpty()
             return (null, empty stack)
         oldnode ← node
         node ← stack.pop()   // parent of oldnode
     until oldnode ≠ node.child[dir]
     // now oldnode = node.child[1-dir],
     // i.e. node = ancestor (and predecessor/successor) of original node
     return (node, stack)

Note that the function does not use keys, which means that the sequential structure is completely recorded by the binary search tree's edges. For traversals without change of direction, the (amortised) average complexity is  because a full traversal takes  steps for a BST of size  1 step for edge up and 1 for edge down. The worst-case complexity is  with  as the height of the tree.

All the above implementations require stack space proportional to the height of the tree which is a call stack for the recursive and a parent (ancestor) stack for the iterative ones. In a poorly balanced tree, this can be considerable. With the iterative implementations we can remove the stack requirement by maintaining parent pointers in each node, or by threading the tree (next section).

Morris in-order traversal using threading

A binary tree is threaded by making every left child pointer (that would otherwise be null) point to the in-order predecessor of the node (if it exists) and every right child pointer (that would otherwise be null) point to the in-order successor of the node (if it exists).

Advantages:
 Avoids recursion, which uses a call stack and consumes memory and time.
 The node keeps a record of its parent.

Disadvantages:
 The tree is more complex.
 We can make only one traversal at a time.
 It is more prone to errors when both the children are not present and both values of nodes point to their ancestors.

Morris traversal is an implementation of in-order traversal that uses threading:
 Create links to the in-order successor.
 Print the data using these links.
 Revert the changes to restore original tree.

Breadth-first search
Also, listed below is pseudocode for a simple queue based level-order traversal, and will require space proportional to the maximum number of nodes at a given depth. This can be as much as half the total number of nodes. A more space-efficient approach for this type of traversal can be implemented using an iterative deepening depth-first search.

 procedure levelorder(node)
     queue ← empty queue
     queue.enqueue(node)
     while not queue.isEmpty()
         node ← queue.dequeue()
         visit(node)
         if node.left ≠ null
             queue.enqueue(node.left)
         if node.right ≠ null
             queue.enqueue(node.right)

If the tree is represented by an array (first index is 0), it is sufficient iterating through all elements:

 procedure levelorder(array)
     for i from 0 to array.size
         visit(array[i])

Infinite trees
While traversal is usually done for trees with a finite number of nodes (and hence finite depth and finite branching factor) it can also be done for infinite trees. This is of particular interest in functional programming (particularly with lazy evaluation), as infinite data structures can often be easily defined and worked with, though they are not (strictly) evaluated, as this would take infinite time. Some finite trees are too large to represent explicitly, such as the game tree for chess or go, and so it is useful to analyze them as if they were infinite.

A basic requirement for traversal is to visit every node eventually. For infinite trees, simple algorithms often fail this. For example, given a binary tree of infinite depth, a depth-first search will go down one side (by convention the left side) of the tree, never visiting the rest, and indeed an in-order or post-order traversal will never visit any nodes, as it has not reached a leaf (and in fact never will). By contrast, a breadth-first (level-order) traversal will traverse a binary tree of infinite depth without problem, and indeed will traverse any tree with bounded branching factor.

On the other hand, given a tree of depth 2, where the root has infinitely many children, and each of these children has two children, a depth-first search will visit all nodes, as once it exhausts the grandchildren (children of children of one node), it will move on to the next (assuming it is not post-order, in which case it never reaches the root). By contrast, a breadth-first search will never reach the grandchildren, as it seeks to exhaust the children first.

A more sophisticated analysis of running time can be given via infinite ordinal numbers; for example, the breadth-first search of the depth 2 tree above will take ω·2 steps: ω for the first level, and then another ω for the second level.

Thus, simple depth-first or breadth-first searches do not traverse every infinite tree, and are not efficient on very large trees. However, hybrid methods can traverse any (countably) infinite tree, essentially via a diagonal argument ("diagonal"—a combination of vertical and horizontal—corresponds to a combination of depth and breadth).

Concretely, given the infinitely branching tree of infinite depth, label the root (), the children of the root (1), (2), ..., the grandchildren (1, 1), (1, 2), ..., (2, 1), (2, 2), ..., and so on. The nodes are thus in a one-to-one correspondence with finite (possibly empty) sequences of positive numbers, which are countable and can be placed in order first by sum of entries, and then by lexicographic order within a given sum (only finitely many sequences sum to a given value, so all entries are reached—formally there are a finite number of compositions of a given natural number, specifically 2n−1 compositions of ), which gives a traversal. Explicitly:

 ()
 (1)
 (1, 1) (2)
 (1, 1, 1) (1, 2) (2, 1) (3)
 (1, 1, 1, 1) (1, 1, 2) (1, 2, 1) (1, 3) (2, 1, 1) (2, 2) (3, 1) (4)

etc.

This can be interpreted as mapping the infinite depth binary tree onto this tree and then applying breadth-first search: replace the "down" edges connecting a parent node to its second and later children with "right" edges from the first child to the second child, from the second child to the third child, etc. Thus at each step one can either go down (append a (, 1) to the end) or go right (add one to the last number) (except the root, which is extra and can only go down), which shows the correspondence between the infinite binary tree and the above numbering; the sum of the entries (minus one) corresponds to the distance from the root, which agrees with the 2n−1 nodes at depth  in the infinite binary tree (2 corresponds to binary).

References

Sources
 Dale, Nell. Lilly, Susan D. "Pascal Plus Data Structures". D. C. Heath and Company. Lexington, MA. 1995. Fourth Edition.
 Drozdek, Adam. "Data Structures and Algorithms in C++". Brook/Cole. Pacific Grove, CA. 2001. Second edition.
 "Tree Transversal" (math.northwestern.edu)

External links
 Storing Hierarchical Data in a Database with traversal examples in PHP
 Managing Hierarchical Data in MySQL
 Working with Graphs in MySQL
 See tree traversal implemented in various programming language on Rosetta Code
 Tree traversal without recursion

Trees (data structures)
Articles with example pseudocode
Graph algorithms
Recursion
Iteration in programming

de:Binärbaum#Traversierung
ja:木構造 (データ構造)

Tree traversal


Das St.-Johannes-Nepomuk-Denkmal ist eine Marmorskulptur, die um 1739 entstand und vor dem Sterzinger Rathaus in der Neustadt steht.

Die Statue aus weißem Marmor stellt den Heiligen Johannes Nepomuk dar, der als Schutzpatron gegen Wassergefahren verehrt wird. Sie wurde 1739 vor dem Rathaus aufgestellt, damit der Schutzheilige die Stadt vor dem verheerenden Wasser des Vallerbachs verschone. Dieser Wildbach entspringt am Rosskopf, Sterzings Hausberg, und hat vor seiner Regulierung Sterzing immer wieder übel heimgesucht und vermurt.

Die Nepomuk-Statue in Sterzing ist auch ein Zeugnis für die Italienisierung Südtirols durch die italienischen Faschisten; an mehreren Stellen wurden Teile der Inschrift herausgebrochen und durch neue Steinfragmente ersetzt, auf denen der italienisierte Name der Stadt steht. Durch diese Bearbeitungen wurde auch die Statue selbst beschädigt: An besagten Stellen sind Risse und Sprünge entstanden, die Teile der Statue zu zerbrechen drohen.

Am 12. Mai 1986 wurde das St.-Johannes-Nepomuk-Denkmal als Baudenkmal der Stadt Sterzing eingetragen.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Baudenkmal in Sterzing
Johannes-Nepomuk-Denkmal
Erbaut in den 1730er Jahren
Bauwerk in Sterzing
Marmorskulptur (Italien)

St.-Johannes-Nepomuk-Denkmal (Sterzing)


was a town located in Tamana District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,918 and the density of 322.07 persons per km². The total area was 21.48 km².

On October 3, 2005, Tensui, along with the towns of Taimei and Yokoshima (all from Tamana District), was merged into the expanded city of Tamana and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

External links
 Official website of Tamana

Dissolved municipalities of Kumamoto Prefecture

Tensui, Kumamoto


Valdosende Portekiz'de Terras de Bouro belediyesine bağlı olan, 10,96 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 699 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Terras de Bouro'nun bucakları

Valdosende


Aztec Century este un roman științifico-fantastic din 1993 scris de autorul britanic Christopher Evans. În 1994, Aztec Century a câștigat Premiul BSFA pentru cel mai bun roman.

Prezentare
Publicat prima dată în 1993 de editura Victor Gollancz, este un roman de istorie alternativă, în care Imperiul Aztec cucerește Marea Britanie. În această lume, Cortez a schimbat tabăra la începutul erei Conchistadorilor la începutul secolului al XVI-lea, ceea ce a dus la respingerea invaziei spaniole și a ocupației Americii Centrale. Datorită conducerii centrale foarte puternice, Imperiul Aztec a devenit o putere globală tehnologică sofisticată în secolul al XX-lea (alternativ).

Rezumat

De-a lungul romanului, sunt prezentate diferențele din acestă cronologie față de cea din realitatea noastră, deși adesea din perspectiva oficialilor azteci. Imperiul Aztec adoptă creștinismul în secolul al XVII-lea; o alianță anglo-franceză condusă de Napoleon, de Ducele de Wellington și de Andrew Jackson oprește temporar ambițiile aztece în America de Nord cu o victorie la New Orleans în 1815. Despre India și Africa de Sud se afirmă că au salutat  preluarea țărilor de către azteci datorită urii națiunilor lor față de Imperiul Britanic; despre Regina Victoria se menționează că a fost asasinată în 1893, iar Caraibe a căzut la începutul anilor 1900.

Spre sfârșit, o înțelegere cu Rusia este încălcată atunci când, ca răspuns la utilizarea de către ruși a unei mine nucleare experimentale, aztecii folosesc un laser de pe orbită și distrug orașul Rjev; o analogie cu bombardamentele atomice ale Japoniei la sfârșitul celui de-al doilea război mondial. Rusia se predă în fața unei arme pe care nu o poate contracara. În cele din urmă, ultima rezistență rămasă împotriva guvernării aztece asupra Pământului este eliminată într-un război dintre Imperiu și o alianță a trei state nord-americane: New England, Canada și Confederația Sioux.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
1993 în literatură
1993 în științifico-fantastic

Romane din 1993
Romane științifico-fantastice
Romane britanice
Romane de Christopher Evans
Istorie alternativă
1993 în științifico-fantastic

Aztec Century


A Sour Tour foi a turnê de estreia da cantora estadunidense Olivia Rodrigo, em suporte ao seu álbum de estúdio de estreia Sour (2021). A turnê começou em 5 de abril de 2022 em Portland e percorreu pela América do Norte e Europa. Foi concluída em Londres em 7 de julho, com um total de 49 shows. Gracie Abrams, Holly Humberstone, Chappell Roan e Baby Queen serviram como atos de abertura.

Antecedentes
Olivia Rodrigo lançou seu álbum de estreia Sour em 21 de maio de 2021. Foi um sucesso comercial, debutando no topo da Billboard 200 dos Estados Unidos. O álbum também alcançou o número um na Austrália, Canadá, Irlanda, Nova Zelândia, Reino Unido e vários outros países. Em julho de 2021, à Billboard informou que a cantora não poderia embarcar numa turnê até ao próximo ano devido aos seus compromissos televisivos e ao seu contrato com a Disney. Um ciclo oficial de concertos foi anunciado através das redes sociais no dia 6 de dezembro, com ingressos à venda quatro dias depois. Gracie Abrams, Holly Humberstone e Baby Queen foram anunciadas como atos de abertura.

Os ingressos para a turnê foram colocados à venda em 10 de dezembro para os fãs que foram escolhidos para o registro do "Verified Fan". Os ingressos se esgotaram em minutos, embora têm sido revendidos por preços muito altos. Muitos fãs e meios de comunicação criticaram a escolha de locais menores em vez de arenas, citando-o como a razão pela qual muitos fãs não conseguiram garantir ingressos.

Repertório

O repertório abaixo é constituído do show realizado no dia 5 de abril de 2022 em Portland e não é representativo de todos os shows da turnê.
 "Brutal"
 "Jealousy, Jealousy"
 "Drivers License"
 "Complicated"
 "Hope Ur OK"
 "Enough For You" / "1 Step Forward, 3 Steps Back"
 "Happier"
 "All I Want"
 "Seether"
 "Favorite Crime"
 "Traitor"
 "Deja Vu"
 "Good 4 U"</li>

Notas
Em 7 de abril, no show realizado em Vancouver, Conan Gray juntou-se a Olivia na apresentação de "The One That Got Away".
Em 29 de abril, na primeira apresentação em Toronto, Avril Lavigne juntou-se a Olivia na apresentação de "Complicated".
Em 24 de maio, na primeira apresentação em Los Angeles, Alanis Morissette juntou-se a Olivia na apresentação de "You Oughta Know".
Em 25 de junho, no show realizado no Glastonbury Festival, Lily Allen juntou-se a Olivia na apresentação de "Fuck You".
Em 6 de julho, na primeira apresentação em Londres, Natalie Imbruglia juntou-se a Olivia na apresentação de "Torn".
Em datas selecionadas, Olivia cantou covers de outras canções no lugar de "Seether", como "Just a Girl" de No Doubt, "All the Things She Said" de t.A.T.u., "Ready to Go" de Republica e "Nothing Compares 2 U" de Sinéad O'Connor.

Datas

Turnês musicais de 2022
Turnês de Olivia Rodrigo

Sour Tour


Bart "Barry" van Galen (født 4. april 1970 i Haarlem, Holland) er en hollandsk tidligere fodboldspiller (midtbane), der spillede én kamp for Hollands landshold, en VM-kvalifikationskamp mod Andorra i oktober 2004.

På klubplan spillede van Galen hele sin karriere i hjemlandet, hvor han blandt andet tilbragte ni sæsoner hos AZ og tre år hos Roda.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Holland
Fodboldspillere fra Roda JC
Fodboldspillere fra AZ Alkmaar
Fodboldspillere fra NAC Breda
Personer fra Haarlem

Barry van Galen


Lawton puede referirse a:

Lugares
 Lawton (Dakota del Norte), ciudad en el condado de Ramsey, estado estadounidense de Dakota del Norte.
Municipio de Lawton (Dakota del Norte), municipio ubicado en el condado de Ramsey en el estado estadounidense de Dakota del Norte.
 Lawton (Iowa), ciudad en el condado de Woodbury, estado estadounidense de Iowa.
 Lawton (Míchigan), villa en el condado de Van Buren, estado estadounidense de Míchigan.
 Lawton (Oklahoma), ciudad en el condado de Comanche, estado estadounidense de Oklahoma.
 Área metropolitana de Lawton, que rodea a Lawton, Oklahoma.

Personas
Frank Lawton, actor británico.
Tommy Lawton, futbolista y entrenador inglés.

Otros usos
Lawton-Fort Sill Cavalry, equipo de baloncesto estadounidense.

Lawton


محمد محمود الزبيري (1910م - 1965م) شاعر وثائر وسياسي يمني ولد في حي "بستان السلطان" بصنعاء، وهو أحد الأحياء التاريخية في صنعاء القديمة، عام 1910م، وهو من أسرة تنتمي إلى الطبقة الوسطى، ويشتغل بعض أفرادها بالقضاء والبعض الآخر بالتجارة، وقد ابتعدت به موهبته عن اهتمامات أسرته، وأنشأته منذ الطفولة الباكرة نشأة روحية متصوفة غير ميال إلى القضاء، وغير ميّال إلى التجارة".
ذهب إلى مصر لإكمال تعليمه، فالتحق بدار العلوم، ثم عاد إلى اليمن عام 1941م، وقد خطب الناس جمعةً في العام نفسه فدخل السجن، وخرج من السجن عام 1942م، فاتجه إلى تعز ومنها إلى عدن.
وفي عدن أنشأ «حزب الأحرار» عام 1944م، ثم يُغّيِّر اسمه بعد عامين إلى «الجمعية اليمنية الكبرى»
(1944م - 1948م)، وكان رئيس تنظيم الاتحاد اليمني (1953م - 1962م).

عاش الزبيري فترة حرجة من تاريخ اليمن، وهي فترة المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية (1918م - 1962م)، التي كثرت فيها الصِّراعات والثورات، وحينما شبت ثورة الدستور عام 1948م في اليمن عاد من عدن إلى صنعاء وزيراً للمعارف، وعندما فشلت طورد، ورفضت الدول العربية استضافته فاتجه إلى باكستان.
وحينما شبت ثورة 26 سبتمبر عام 1962م في اليمن عاد وزيراً للتربية والتعليم في صنعاء.

خلال دراسته بالقاهرة تأثر بأجوائها السياسية، ومال إلى الإخوان المسلمون، على الرغم أنه زيدي المذهب، وبهذا التأثير أنشأ باليمن.
بينما كان يُلقي خطاباً في 31 مارس 1965م  أطلق عليه ثلاثة من الجناة النار، فسقط مضرجاً في دمائه.

حياته الأدبية والسياسية
ولد ونشأ في صنعاء في حارة بستان السلطان، وبها بدأ تعلمه وتأثر تأثراً شديداً بتعاليم الصوفية ونعم بها كما لم ينعم بشيء آخر، ومال إلى الأدب عامة والشعر خاصة، فدرسه حتى تمكن من نفسه، فهام به أي هيام. وقبل نشوب الحرب العالمية الثانية انتقل إلى مصر ليتم دراسته، فالتحق بدار العلوم حصن اللغة العربية، وقبل أن يتم دراسته فيها عاد إلى اليمن عام 1941م.

بداية النضال
بقي الزبيري بعدها بمكة المكرمة طالبا للعلم إلى أن رحل عنها إلى مصر سنة 1939 م حيث التحق بدار العلوم بالقاهرة، وهناك تعرف على الإمام حسن البنا والمجاهد الجزائري الفضيل الورتلاني فانضم إلى جماعة الإخوان المسلمين، وفي ذلك يقول الأستاذ علي ناصر العنسي: «أول تجمع لنا كان ونحن في القاهرة عندما كنا ندرس في الأزهر، وبدأنا الاتصال بالإخوان المسلمين ومنهم الشيخ حسن البنا الذي كان يرى أن اليمن أنسب البلاد لإقامة الحكم الإسلامي الصحيح، وأن المناخ مناسب للإخوان المسلمين ليعملوا فيها. فكان يهتم بنا اهتماما خاصا، ويولي عنايته بشكل أخص لكل من الزبيري والمسمري اللذين كان يعتبرهما شخصيتين متميزتين، ومن هنا بدأت الحركة الوطنية بين الطلاب اليمنيين».

وقد أسس الزبيري وبعض رفاقه في القاهرة أول حركة منظمة لمعارضة الحكم الإمامي في اليمن في سبتمبر عام 1940 م تحت اسم «كتيبة الشباب اليمني»..

وفي سنة 1942 قطع الزبيري دراسته عائدا إلى اليمن التي رأى أنها تستحق منه مجهودا كبيرا لإنقاذ البلاد من الأوضاع المتردية والمأساوية التي كانت تكتنف اليمن آنذاك تحت حكم الأئمة من أسرة حميد الدين، وقد صور هذه الحالة قائلا:

وعند قدومه إلى اليمن قدم مذكرة للإمام المتوكل يحيى حميد الدين تتضمن مشروعا لإنشاء جمعية الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر، كما ألقى خطبة في الجامع الكبير بصنعاء؛ وهو ما أغضب الإمام يحيى؛ فكان جزاؤه السجن مع عدد من شباب اليمن الأحرار في سجن «الأهنوم»؛ حيث انصرف للصلاة وتلاوة القرآن والذكر والتأمل وكتابة الشعر

في نفس العام الذي عاد فيه من القاهرة استقبلته سجون صنعاء والأهنوم وتعز ولما استطاع محبوه أن يخرجوه من السجن لم يطق البقاء في اليمن - السجن الكبير كما دعاه -

تنقل وترحال

وعند خروجه من السجن الذي لبث فيه قرابة تسعة أشهر صور الزبيري ذلك الخروج قائلا:

ولم يجد الزبيري بُدًّا من الالتفاف حول ولي العهد أحمد نجل الإمام يحيى مع كثير من المثقفين الذين رأوا فيه أملا منقذا لهم، لكنهم سرعان ما أدركوا وَهْم ما هم فيه، فخرجوا بدعوتهم الإصلاحية فارين إلى عدن التي كانت متنفسا للأحرار..

وفي عدن بدأت مرحلة جديدة في الكفاح والنضال؛ حيث أسس الزبيري مع رفيق كفاحه أحمد محمد نعمان حزب الأحرار سنة 1944 الذي تحول اسمه إلى «الجمعية اليمانية الكبرى» عام 1946، وأصدر صحيفة «صوت اليمن»، وفوضت الجمعية الإمام حسن البنا في أن يتحدث عنها في كل شأن من الشئون، واستمر الكفاح حتى قيام ثورة 1948م؛ حيث قتل الإمام يحيى حميد الدين، ونصب عبد الله الوزير إماما جديدا لحكم دستوري شرعي، وكان .

ولكن الثورة سرعان ما فشلت، فعاد الإمام أحمد بن يحيى حميد الدين نجل الإمام المقتول ليبطش بكل رجالات الثورة، وليفتح صنعاء أمام القبائل التي ناصرته للنهب والسلب؛ فغادر الزبيري اليمن، ولم يكن هناك باب من أبواب الدول العربية مفتوح له هذه المرة؛ فذهب إلى باكستان، وهناك التقى وتعرف على شاعر النفس المؤمنة عمر بهاء الدين الأميري الذي كان سفيرا لسوريا في باكستان، وله مع الزبيري مساجلات شعرية لم تطبع إلى الآن. وفي باكستان رثى شعبه بقصيدة جاء فيها

وما كاد الزبيري يسمع بقيام ثورة يوليو 1952 بمصر إلا وقرر الرحيل إليها؛ حيث بدأ نشاطه مع رفيقه النعمان بتجميع صفوف الطلاب اليمنيين، وامتد نشاطه إلى اليمنيين في السودان على الرغم من المضايقات التي تعرض لها من قبل النظام المصري، وكان الزبيري يلقي القصائد من خلال إذاعة صوت العرب ، وكان لأحاديثه وقصائده دور كبير في إنقاذ الأحرار داخل المملكة المتوكلية (اسم عرفت به اليمن قبل قيام الثورة) من الإحباط واليأس وعدم إمكانية التغيير، خصوصا بعد سقوط ثورة 1948 م التي كانت أملا للأحرار في الخلاص من ظلم وطغيان الإمامة والإنقاذ من الفقر والجهل والمرض، وكان الزبيري يقول: «كنت أحس إحساسا أسطوريا بأنني قادر بالأدب وحده على أن أقوض ألف عام من الفساد والظلم والطغيان».

العودة إلى الوطن

وحين قامت ثورة السادس والعشرين من سبتمبر عام 1962م التي أطاحت بالحكم الإمامي استدعى الضباط الثوار الأستاذ الزبيري؛ لعلمهم أن مجيئه ومشاركته في الحكم يضفيان على الحكم شرعية كانوا بحاجة إليها، خصوصا أن الثورة لم تنته من خصومها من الملكيين الذين كان لهم الكثير من الأنصار بسبب الصبغة الدينية التي كانوا يضفونها على أنفسهم، وكانوا يلقون الدعم من الخارج أيضا.

فعاد الزبيري إلى صنعاء، وأُعد له استقبال مهيب لم تحظَ شخصية جماهيرية بمثله وعين وزيرا للمعارف في حكومة الثورة، ثم نائبا لرئيس الوزراء وعضوا في مجلس الثورة حتى استقال عام 1964 م؛ حيث إن التدخلات الخارجية أدخلت اليمن في حرب أهلية، فسارع الزبيري لإصلاح ذات البين بين القبائل، واشترك في مؤتمرات الصلح بين اليمنيين في «كرش» و«عمران»، كما تولى رئاسة مؤتمر «أركويت» بالسودان عام 1964 م.

وقد تبين لأبي الأحرار أنه ينفخ في رماد، وأنه لا بد من حماية الثورة من خصومها وأصحابها على السواء، فخرج من صنعاء صبيحة إعلان حالة الطوارئ في البلاد وإعلان الأحكام العسكرية، وكان يقول بأنهم بهذه القوانين يجيزون قتله..

خرج الزبيري وبصحبته بعض رفاقه ومنهم الأستاذ عبد الملك الطيب صاحب كتاب «التاريخ يتكلم» الذي أرخ لتلك الفترة بأمانة علمية، والشيخ عبد المجيد الزنداني (الذي استدعاه الزبيري من القاهرة وقتل الأخير وهو على مقربة منه)، والأستاذ محمد الفسيل، داعيا إلى إنشاء حزب الله، هادفا إلى إيجاد صحوة تصحح المفاهيم الخاطئة التي أوجدتها الملكية والثورة على السواء؛ فقد كان—يقول: «إن اليمن لن تسترد كرامتها وعزتها إلا يوم يوجد بينها عشرات من المناضلين على الأقل يرضون بالجوع حتى الموت، وبالسجن حتى نهاية العمر، وبخراب البيوت حتى آخر حجر فيها، ويتقدمون إلى العمل الوطني على أساس النصر أو الموت».

اغتياله

وصل الزبيري إلى برط (شمال صنعاء) ومن هناك وجه رسالته إلى شعب اليمن التي شرح فيها مبادئ حزب الله، ثم بدأ بدعوة القبائل إلى حزب الله ولمّ الشمل، وكانت دعوته عامة للملكيين والجمهوريين. وعاود الزبيري ورفاقه إصدار صحيفة «صوت اليمن» كلسان حال حزب الله، وبدأ الشعب يعلن ولاءه للحزب الجديد بعد الإحباط الذي عم المواطنين وخيبة أملهم في الثورة ورجالاتها؛ مما أقضّ مضاجع الملكيين الذين كانوا على مقربة من الزبيري الذي غزاهم في عقر دارهم، وأقض مضاجع القيادة في صنعاء فراحت تلمزه وحزبه في وسائل إعلامها.. إلى أن عاجلته رصاصات الغدر في إحدى تنقلاته؛ فخر شهيدا وهو يدعو إلى ما آمن به، وكان ذلك في أول نيسان/إبريل سنة 1965 م.
وقد قال اخر بيت شعري له

وقد ارتجت اليمن، وبكى الناس جميعهم، وحزنوا حزنا عظيما على فراق هذا العلم الشامخ الذي تتجاذبه التيارات الوطنية، وكل يدعي انتماءه إليه، وفق ما روى الزنداني.

وقد رحل الزبيري، وكان يعد لعقد مؤتمر وطني للقبائل والعلماء وقادة اليمن في «خمر»؛ فقد كان معروفا بحكمته وقدرته على تجميع الناس على مختلف انتماءاتهم الحزبية أو القبلية؛ يبش في وجوههم، ويستمع إلى آرائهم؛ حتى أن بعض من عرفوه يقولون بأنه من رجالات عصره قلما تجد له نظيرا أحبه خصومه وأصدقاؤه.. غير أن المؤتمر أقيم بعد استشهاده بجهود تلامذته، ومنهم الشيخ عبد الله الأحمر الذي كان يحبه الزبيري حبا شديدا، وكان يقول: «لولا أن الله ساق لنا هذا الشاب ما استطعنا أن نأمر بمعروف أو أن ننهى عن منكر».

دور سياسي

حزب الأحرار

حزب الأحرار هو حزب معارض أنشئ في يونيو 1944 ، معارضاً للإمام يحيى حميد الدين إمام المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية، تأسس الحزب برئاسة أحمد محمد نعمان وتولى الشاعر محمد محمود الزبيري المدير العام للحزب في يونيو 1944م، وأول نشاط للحزب كان القيام بتوجيه رسالة إلى الإمام يحيى حميد الدين تضمنت المطالب لمعالجة الأوضاع والمظالم التي يعاني منها الشعب.
تأسس الحزب في مدينة عدن بجنوب اليمن في ظل احتلال عدن من بريطانيا. بعد فترة من الزمن أوقفت السلطات البريطانية نشاطه.

الجمعية اليمنية الكبرى

لما رفعت بريطانيا الأحكام العرقية في مستعمرة عدن بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية قام النعمان والزبيري بتأسيس "الجمعية اليمنية الكبرى" والحصول على امتياز لإصدار صحيفة "صوت اليمن" في يناير 1946م كامتداد لحزب الأحرار ووضعت برنامجاً لنشر الوعي الثقافي والوطني عن طريق المحاضرات وإصدار صحيفة صوت اليمن وترأس الجمعية الزبيري، فيما تولىالنعمان سكرتيرها العام وجاء في بيان إنشاء الجمعية المطالبة بإنشاء مجلس شورى منتخب وإقرار دستور للبلاد وكفالة الحرية لكل فرد والمساواة بين المواطنين وقد اتسع نشاط الأحرار بين أوساط الجماهير بعد تأسيس الجمعية وكان همهم هو إنشاء مطبعة خاصة بالجمعية تمكنهم من طباعة صحيفتهم ونشراتهم وما يصدر من مؤلفات وكتيبات.
وقد قيل إن الشهيد الزبيري كتب أروع قصائده الوطنية في مقر الجمعية اليمنية الكبرى بعدن.. أبرزها قصيدته التي مطلعها يقول:

حزب الله

حزب الله هو حزب يمني أنشأه محمد محمود الزبيري عام 1963 في الجمهورية العربية اليمنية خلال فترة الصراع الملكي الجمهوري بعد قيام ثورة 26 سبتمبر وكان هدفه قيام دولة اليمن الإسلامية، واستمر فاعلاً حتى اغتيال مٌؤسسه وزعيمه القاضي محمد محمود الزبيري، وهو في طريقه إلى مؤتمر معارض للجمهوري في أبريل 1965.

كان الزُّبيري رافضاً للحكم الإمامي، ارتبطت الإمامة ببني هاشم، أو العلويين من آل عدنان، وحسب التقليد الزيدي لا يكون الإمام إلا فاطمياً، ذلك الحكم الذي خرج نفسه عن التقليد الزيدي في عدم قبول الوراثة في الحكم، ذلك لما ورث الإمام يحيى ولده أحمد، فالإمام الذي يخرج بسيفه ويتوفر فيه العدل مع شرط فاطميته.

لكنه بعد انتصار الثورة وقيام الجمهورية، وبوجود القوات المصرية كسلطة فاعلة داخل صنعاء، وجدها الزُّبيري لم تلب طموحه السياسي، فمال إلى معارضتها، وبعد مرور العام على الثورة، في 1963، انشقت قيادات يمنية على حكم عبد الله السلال الذي صار تحت الهيمنة المصرية، خلال الحرب بين الجمهوريين بدعم مصري بوجود قوات على الأرض، والملكيين بدعم سعودي، فكانت المواجهة صريحة بين الجمهورية العربية المتحدة والمملكة العربية السعودية آنذاك بسبب التدخل باليمن.
اجتمعت تلك القيادات وأبدت رغبتها في تشكيل معارضة ضد حكم عبد الله السلال، عرف بحزب الله، في ما بعد. وكان الهدف الظاهر هو إحلال السلام بإيقاف الحرب الطاحنة وتحقيق المصالحة الوطنية بين أبناء اليمن، أما الهدف الخفي فهو الدعوة إلى قيام دولة اليمن الإسلامية، وتطبيق الشريعة تطبيقاً علمياً .

أعماله

ترك الزبيري آثارا وبصمات وأعمالا تدل على عظمته وعلمه وحبه لشعبه، ولم يترك الزبيري قضية عربية أو إسلامية إلا وتحدث عنها شعرا أو نثرا، ولعل من أشهرها قصيدة «عالم الإسلام» التي ألقاها في مؤتمر حاشد في باكستان.

كما اهتم الزبيري في أشعاره بقضية الإسلام الأولى «فلسطين»، وله فيها قصيدته الشهيرة «في سبيل فلسطين»، وله قصيدة مشهورة بعنوان «ثورة»، وهي من أشهر القصائد الحماسية لشاعر الثوار.

وللزبيري مؤلفات كثيرة؛ منها ما طبع، ومنها ما لم يطبع إلى الآن.. نذكر منها 3 دواوين شعر، هي: «صلاة في الجحيم»، و«ثورة الشعر»، و«نقطة في الظلام». ورواية واحدة هي «مأساة واق الواق»، وله عدد من المؤلفات السياسية والرسائل الثقافية؛ منها «الإمامة وخطرها على وحدة اليمن»، و«الخدعة الكبرى في السياسة العربية»، و«مطالب الشعب».

أصدر شاعرنا ديواني شعر الأول «ثورة الشعر» والثاني : «صلاة في الجحيم»، وما نشر في هذين الديوانين هو الجزء الأقل من شعره، ولا زالت هناك مجموعات كبيرة من شعره تنتظر من يقوم بطبعها.
 صدر للشاعر الكتب السياسية التالية:
 دعوة الأحرار ووحدة الشعب
 الإمامة وخطرها على وحدة اليمن
 الخدعة الكبرى في السياسة العربية
 مأساة واق الواق، تحدث فيه عن مصير جلادي اليمن وعن مصير الشهداء الذين سقطوا دفاعاً عن اليمن وشعبه متبعاً اسلوب، «رسالة الغفران» للمعري.

الثورة

إلى أن قال فيها:

مراجع

 الزبيري.. شاعر الثوار أبو الأحرار اليمنيين، إسلام أون لاين، 4 أكتوبر 2003 م
 أبو الأحرار بقلم الأديب عبد الله الطائي

أشخاص من صنعاء
ثوار يمنيون
خريجو جامعة القاهرة
روائيون يمنيون في القرن 20
سياسيون مغتالون في عقد 1960
سياسيون يمنيون في القرن 20
سياسيون يمنيون مغتالون
شعراء غنائيون يمنيون
شعراء يمنيون في القرن 20
كتاب يمنيون في القرن 20
معلمون يمنيون في القرن 20
مغتالون
مواليد 1327 هـ
مواليد 1328 هـ
وزراء يمنيون
وفيات 1384 هـ
وفيات 1965

محمد محمود الزبيري


Ivan Mance (Zagreb, 29. lipnja 1975.) hrvatski je stručnjak za poslovnu sigurnost, magistar informacijskih znanosti i doktor povijesnih znanosti.

Životopis
Rodio se u Zagrebu 1975. godine. Na Visokoj školi za sigurnost u Zagrebu diplomirao je 2005. godine postavši inženjer sigurnosti zaštite na radu. Magistrirao je na Fakultetu organizacije i informatike u Varaždinu 2011. godine, na znanstvenom magistarskom studiju s temom: Prisutnost koncepta CRM-a u poslovanju trgovačkih društava za zaštitu na radu i mogućnost njegovog sustavnog uvođenja. Na doktorskom studiju povijesti Fakulteta hrvatskih studija doktorirao je 2023. godine tezom Hipoteza o Kosinjskoj tiskari - informacijsko-povijesna analiza, s najvećom pohvalom za izuzetno izvrsne radove (summa cum laude).

Vodio je poslove integralne sigurnosti u Intereuropa d.o.o. i Hrvatskoj pošti, nakon čega djeluje samostalno. Na Sanitarnom inženjerstvu Zdravstvenog veleučilišta u Zagrebu predavao je kolegij Zaštita na radu u laboratoriju. Suosnivač je Europskog društva inženjera sigurnosti, višegodišnji član Društva prijatelja glagoljice te suosnivač i glavni tajnik Znanstvenog i kulturnog društva Kosinj.

Kosinjska tiskara
Problematikom prve hrvatske tiskare, inkunabulistikom te poviješću Like i Kosinja u kontekstu početaka hrvatskog tiskarstva bavi se kontinuirano posljednjih 16 godina, o čemu je do sad objavio tri knjige te dvadesetak radova i novinskih članaka.

Djela

Autorske i suautorske knjige
 Kosinj: izvorište hrvatske tiskane riječi (2013.)
 Leksikon Ličana (2017.)
 Vinogradi u Kosinju (2019.)
 Kosinjska tiskara (2023.)

Uredničke knjige
 Zelenoplavo (2013.)
 Neuki letači (2013.)
 Crkva hrvatskih mučenika na Udbini: od ideje, do ostvarenja (2016.)
 Ličke priče ispod Velebita (2020.)

Objavljeni radovi
Cjelokupna bibliografija objavljenih radova vidljiva je na stranicama Informacijskog sustava znanosti RH.

Nagrade
 Državno priznanje za postignuća u zaštiti života i zdravlja radnika na radu te unaprjeđenje sustava zaštite na radu u Republici Hrvatskoj (2015.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Ivan Mance i Darko Žubrinić, (2015.) Kosinjska dolina i kosinjska glagoljička tiskara, croatianhistory.net
 Memorabilika: Još jedan prilog bogatoj kosinjskoj baštini.
 O bogatoj povijesti Kosinja, kojemu prijeti potapanje (1): Mjesto prve glagoljske tiskare?
 O povijesti Kosinja, kojemu prijeti potapanje (2): Tko je bio Broz Žakan, učitelj popova glagoljaša?
 O povijesti Kosinja, kojemu prijeti potapanje (3): Što kriju neistraženi arheološki lokaliteti?
 O povijesti Kosinja, kojemu prijeti potapanje (4): Evo njegovih glagoljskih spomenika!
 Kosinj, prava riznica kulture i povijesti koju HEP želi potopiti: Nađen glagoljski misal iz 1374. godine
 Znanstveno-stručna konferencija "Kosinjska dolina - jučer, danas, sutra", mr.sc. Ivan Mance: Teza o Kosinjskoj tiskari - presjek tekućeg informacijsko-povijesnog istraživanja
 Tribina sučeljavanja u Matici hrvatskoj: Prijepori oko izgradnje hidrocentrale u Kosinju.
 Veliki intervju s Ivanom Manceom, istraživačem kosinjske povijesti: Što sve Hrvatska gubi ako Kosinj ode pod vodu?
 Kako se u mainstream znanosti cenzuriraju istraživanja o Kosinju i Kosinjskoj tiskari?

Hrvatski znanstvenici
Životopisi, Zagreb

Ivan Mance


සේගෝ ගසේ බොඩය හෝ මංඤොක්කා අල පිටිකර සාදාගන්නා වියලි ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍යයකි. මෙම වර්ග දෙකම රසයෙන් සහ භෞතික තත්ත්‍ව බෙහෝදුරට සමානවේ.

සව් ඇට වර්ග

සේගෝ සව්

සේගෝ යනු බොහෝ නිවර්තන පාම් , විශේෂයෙන් මෙට්‍රොක්සිලෝන් සගූ, කඳන්හී සවිවර මධ්‍යයෙන් හෝ මජ්ජාවෙන් හෝ නිස්සාරණය කෙරෙන  පිටි වර්ගයකි.

මංඤොක්කා සව්

සව් වලින් සාදන ආහාර
 සව් කැඳ
 සව් පුඩිං

සව් ඇට


Dr. sc. Ivica Golec, (Petrinja, 23. travnja 1943. – Petrinja, 13. kolovoza 2017.), bio je hrvatski povjesničar, znanstvenik, istraživač, društveni djelatnik i publicist, predsjednik ogranka Matice hrvatske u Petrinji i počasni predsjednik Hrvatskog pjevačkog društva Slavulj.

Životopis
Ivica Golec rođen je u Petrinji 1943. godine. Osnovno i srednje školovanje završio je u rodnom gradu, a visoku stručnu spremu pravnog smjera stječe u Zagrebu. Povijesnim istraživanjima bavi se od 1969., a profesionalno od 1991. godine. Ispite iz temeljnih disciplina znanstvenog područja Povijesne znanosti položio je pri Odsjeku za povijest Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu (1992.), gdje je obranio doktorsku disertaciju pod naslovom Vojni komunitet Petrinja (1777. – 1871.) i time stekao znanstveni stupanj doktora društvenih, humanističkih i teoloških znanosti iz područja povijesnih znanosti 14. veljače 1996. godine. Radio je kao pravnik u privredi, potom kao arhivist-istraživač u Državnom arhivu Sisak, a od početka 1994. godine zaposlen je u Hrvatskom institutu za povijest u Zagrebu, prvo kao asistent, a potom je biran u znanstvena zvanja od znanstvenog suradnika do znanstvenog savjetnika. Bio je vanjski suradnik i predavač na Visokoj učiteljskoj školi u Petrinji od 1996., a u naslovno znanstveno-nastavno zvanje docenta izabran je 1999. godine. Bavi se istraživanjem hrvatske povijesti u razdoblju od 18. do 20. stoljeća, ponajviše povijesti Hrvatsko-slavonske vojne krajine, posebice Banske krajine i njezina sjedišta Petrinje, te gospodarske, kulturne, političke i vjerske povijesti, povijesti ustanova, športa, glazbe, svakodnevnog života, demografije i biografike. Autor je temeljnih radova iz vojnokrajiške prošlosti Petrinje i Banovine. Član je više stručnih i kulturnih društava.

Knjige
 Tiskarstvo, izdavaštvo i knjižarstvo petrinje (1881. – 1991.), Zagreb, 1992.
 Povijest grada Petrinje (1204. – 1592. – 1992.), Zagreb, 1993.
 Petrinjski biografski leksikon, Petrinja, 1999.
 Povijest školstva u Petrinji (1700. – 2000.), Petrinja, 2000.
 Vojni komunitet Petrinja kao gospodarsko i prosvjetno kulturno središte Banske krajine (1777. – 1871.), Sisak, 2003.
 Hrvatsko pjevačko društvo Slavulj, Petrinja, 2004.
 Gradska limena glazba Petrinja (1808. – 2008.), Petrinja, 2008.
 Hrvački športski klub Gavrilović (1948. – 2008.), Petrinja, 2008.
 100 godina nogometa u Petrinjii (1910. – 2010.), Petrinja, 2010.
 Povijest grada Petrinje (1204. – 1592. – 2014.), Petrinja, 2014.
 Razvoj novčanih zavoda na području današnje Sisačko-moslavačke županije (1860. – 1945.), Sisak, 2014.

te više od 100 znanstvenih, stručnih i preglednih radova i novinskih članaka u časopisima, zbornicima, leksikonima, novinama i sl. Sudjelovao je na više od 20 znanstvenih skupova, bio je recenzent mnogih radova iz hrvatske povijesti, posebice onih iz vojnokrajiškog razdoblja.

Važniji znanstveni radovi
 Gospodarstvena bratovština petrinjska. Acta hislorico-oeconomica lugoslaviae 15 (1988.). br. 15. Zagreb 1988., 181-194., bilješke 1-82.
 Ilirski pokret u Sisku (1835. – 1848.). Riječi, Časopis za kulturu umjetnosti i društvena pitanja, Muzej Sisak, 1 (1990.), 14-27. bilješke 1-58.
 Društveni život na području Dvora na Uni (1800. – 1881.), Dvor na Uni od prijeslavenskog doba do naših dana - Zbornik naučnih i publicističkih radova, 1, Dvor na Uni 1991., 162-168., bilješke 1-67.
 Ugledni petrinjski pedagoški djelatnici s kraja 19. i prve polovice 20. stoljeća. Prema slobodnoj školi, Zbornik radova Instituta za pedagogijska istraživanja Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu, Zagreb 1992., 227-234., bilješke 1-27.
 Iz prošlosti Banske krajine s posebnim osvrtom na Petrinju i župu Hrvatski Čuntić, Župa Hrvatski Čuntić jučer, danas, sutra, Zbornik radova, Sisak 1993., 7-16.,  bilješke 1-19.
 Narodni pokret na sisačkom području 1903./1904., Radovi Zavoda za hrvatsku povijest (ZHP), 26 (1993.) 26, 101-112., bilješke 1-72.
 Prilozi poznavanju trgovinskih odnosa u vojnom komunitetu Petrinja (1777. – 1848.), Acta historico-eoconomica, 23 (1996.), 23-24, 57-72., biljeske 1-55.
 Znameniti ljudi sisačkog kraja - Franjo Lovrić (16. VII. 1815. – 31. VII. 1910.), Pučki kalendar Ljudevit Posavski, Sisak 1996., 146-161., bilješke 1-68.
 Gospodarsko-politička i kulturna djelatnost Franje Lovrića (1815. – 1910.), Radovi ZHP, 27 (1994.) 27, 205-216., bilješke 1-63.
 Kazneni postupak protiv prvaka HSS Ljudevita Tomašića, Časopis za suvremenu povijest Hrvatskog instituta za povijest (HIP), 29 (1997.) 1, 287-296., bilješke 1-38.
 Prilozi poznavanju poljoprivredno-šumarskih odnosa u vojnom komunitetu Petrinja (1777. – 1871.), Radovi ZHP, 30 (1997.) 49-63., bilješke 1-77.
 Odjeci   Hrvatskog   narodnog preporoda na području   Banske   krajine   i   vojnog komuniteta Petrinja (1777. – 1871.), Petrinjski zbornik, 1 (1998.) 1, 66-74., bilješke 1-45.
 Život i djelo hrvatskog kulturnog djelatnika Janka Stjepušina (1861. – 1946.), Petrinjski zbornik, 1 (1998.), 121-130., bilješke 1-19.
 Glazbeni život grada Petrinje (1808. – 1991.), objavljeno u knjizi: Ivica Golec - Antun Petračić - Milan Schmidt, Kroz stoljeća limene glazbe u Petrinji, Petrinja 1998., 17-35., bilješke 1-26.
 Građanska policija (Bürger-Militz) i Streljačko društvo vojnog komuniteta Petrinje (1808. – 1871.), Petrinjski zbornik, 2 (1999.) 2, 17-27., bilješke 1-38.
 Školstvo u vojnom komunitetu Petrinja koncem 18. i početkom 19. St., Petrinjski zbornik, 3 (2000.) 3, 23-40., bilješke 1-90.
 Organizacija sudstva u vojnom komunitetu Petrinja koncem 18. i početkom 19. st, Petrinjski zbornik, 3 (2000.) 3, 41-52, bilješke 1-42.
 Kostajnica kao vojni komunitet (1777. – 1871.), Hrvatska Kostajnica 1240.-2000., Zbornik sa znanstvenog skupa, Hrvatska Kostajnica 2002., str. 163-178., bilješke 1-42.
 Pedagoška, glazbena i politička djelatnost Stjepana Križanića (1879. – 1941.), Petrinjski zbornik 4 (2001.) 93-105., bilješke 1-44.
 Obrtničko-radničko društvo »Banovac« u Petrinji (1885. – 1905.), Časopis za suvremenu povijest, Hrvatski institut za povijest (HIP) 33 (2001.) 2, 453-474., bilješke 1-71.
 Svećenici župe sv. Lovre u Petrinji i njihov doprinos hrvatskom narodnom preporodu (1790. – 1848.), Croatica Christiana Periodica, Časopis Instituta za crkvenu povijest,KBF, 25 (2001.) 48, str. 83-103., bilješke 1-94.
 Ivan Branislav Zoch i njegovo društveno djelovanje u Hrvatskoj (1876. – 1908.) - Doprinos poznavanju hrvatsko-slovačkih odnosa, Časopis za suvremenu povijest, HIP,34 (2002.) 1, str. 173. – 197., bilješke 1-106.
 Osnivanje i rad prvih škola u vojnom komunitetu Kostajnica (1777. – 1871.), Hrvatska Kostajnica 1240.-2000., Zbornik sa znanstvenog skupa, Hrvatska Kostajnica 2002.,str. 179-193., bilješke 1-53.
 Cehovsko obrtništvo Banske krajine i vojnog komuniteta Petrinja (1777. – 1871.); Povijesni prilozi HIP, 21 (2002.) 22, str. 81-102., bilješke 1-106.
 Vojni komunitet Petrinja u posljednjem desetljeću svoga opstanka (1861. – 1871.), Zbornik uz 70. godišnjicu života Dragutina Pavličevića, Zagreb 2002., 224-234.,bilješke 1-46.
 Stanovništvo vojnog komuniteta Petrinje i njegova socijalno-vjerska struktura (1777. – 1871.), Hereditas rerum Croaticarum ad honorem Mirko Valentić, Zagreb 2003., str.154-163., bilješke 1-82.
 Čitaonice    vojnog   komuniteta    Petrinja   (1842. – 1871.),Kukuljevićevi dani u Varaždinskim Toplicama - Zbornik radova, Vraždinske Toplice 2004., str. 309-314, bilješke 1-43.
 Petrinjsko učiteljište - važna sastavnica obrazovanja učitelja u Hrvatskoj, Zbornik u čast Hrvoja Matkovića, Zagreb 2005., str. 103-120., bilješke 1-50.

Važniji stručni radovi
 Pregled povijesti petrinjske (1240. – 1918.), Župa sv.  Lovre Petrinja - duhovni i povijesni život, (Zbornik), Petrinja 1990., 49-78.
 Pregled kazališnog života u Petrinji (1804. – 1990.), Župa sv.  Lovre - duhovni i povijesni život, Petrinja 1990., 199-208.
 Nekoliko crtica o petrinjskim iseljenicima u Americi, Župa sv. Lovre - duhovni i povijesni život, Petrinja 1990., 227-233.
 Matica hrvatska u Petrinji 1842. – 1917., Petrinjski Obzor - posebni prilog, 1 (1990.) 4-5, 1-8.
 Kratka povijest Petrinje - posebni prilog, Petrinjski Obzor (1990.) 3,1-8.
 Povijest glazbenog školstva u Petrinji (1841. – 1991.), Petrinjski Obzor - posebni prilog, 2 (1991.) 8, 1-8.
 Uz 175. obljetnicu streljaštva u Petrinji (1816. – 1991.) Povijest sporta - građa i prilozi, Zagreb 1991., 22 (1991.) 88, 13-18.
 Uz 110. obljetnicu tiskarstva u Petrinji (1881. – 1991.), Riječi (Sisak) 2 (1992.) 5, 143-158.
 Ferdo Hefele (1846. – 1909.), odlomci iz životopisa. Tiskano kao prilog trećem izdanju knjige, Ferdo Hefele, Tristogodišnjica u spomen boja sisačkoga god. 1593., Sisak 1893., treće izdanje, Sisak 1992., 69-72.
 Hrvatska Banovina (Banija) kroz povijest, Slike rata, Sisak, 1992., 20-26.
 Petrinja - grad na braniku Hrvatske, Zrin, časopis za povijesna, kulturna i gospodarska pitanja hrvatskog Pounja, 3 (1994.) 8, 3-8.
 400.   obijetnica   oslobođenja   Petrinje   od   Turaka,  HPT,   list   Hrvatske   pošte   i telekomunikacija, V (1995.) 10, 53.
 Stjepan Radić i njegovo utamničenje u Petrinji, Zrin 5 (1996.) 4, 11-14.
 Josip Kajetan Knezić (1786. – 1848.) - graditelj velebitskih cesta i tvorac prve osnove za izgradnju hrvatskih željeznica. Petrinjski zbornik, 1998., 1, 114-120.
 Petrinja u prošlosti. objavljeno u knjizi: Dobrovoljno vatrogasno društvo Petrinja (1880. – 2000.), Petrinja 2001., 5-10.
 Kulturno   djelovanje   petrinjskog   župnika Josipa   Goršćaka   (1754. – 1824.), Pučki kalendar Sisačko-moslavačke županije za 2002., Bjelovar 2001., 140-143.
 Iz prošlosti vinogradarstva u Petrinji, Pučki kalendar Sisačko-moslavačke županije za 2003., Bjelovar 2002., str. 132-133.

Važniji životopisi objavljeni u leksikonima
 Obitelj Cettolo, Hrvatski biografski leksikon, 2, 1989., 649-650.
 Filković, Tomo, Hrvatski biografski leksikon, 4, 1998., 257.
 Ivandija Josip i Ivičić Stjepan, Hrvatski biografski leksikon, 6, 2005., str. 129 i 194.
 Mencin Josip  (1856. – 1900.),  Miholjević A.  Milan  (1873. – 1941.),  objavljeno u: Leksikon pisaca Jugoslavije, IV, Novi Sad. 1997., str. 300., 365-366., i 762.

Odlikovanja, priznanja i nagrade
 1998.: Odlikovan je državnim Redom Danice hrvatske s likom Marka Marulića, za osobite zasluge u kulturi.
 Dobinik je Priznanja Matice hrvatske u Zagrebu.
 Dobitnik je Nagrade Grada Petrinje za životno djelo i dr.

Izvori

Dr.sc. Ivica Golec- sažetak o znanstveno-kulturnom radu i djelomična bibliografija radova

Hrvatski povjesničari
Matica hrvatska
Životopisi, Petrinja

Ivica Golec


Gruzijsko kazalište "Šota Rustaveli" (gruz. შოთა რუსთაველის სახელობის აკადემიური თეატრი Shota Rustavelis Sakhelobis Akademiuri Teatri) najveće je i jedno od najstarijih kazališta u Gruziji, smješteno u Tbilisiju. Izgrađeno je u rokoko stilu 1887. godine, a od 1921. nosi ime po gruzijskom nacionalnom pjesniku Šoti Rustaveliju.

Povijest i arhitektura
Zgrada je podignuta 1887. godine kao "Umjetničko društvo". Na zahtjev Umjetničkog društva, nekoliko poznatih umjetnika pozvano je da oslikaju freske na zidovima i stropovima. Na izradi slike su sudjelovali najpoznatiji gruzijski slikari Lado Gudiašvili i David Kakabadze, kao i poznati kazališni dizajner Sergej Sudejkin, koji je poznat po radu u Ballets Russes u Parizu i Metropolitan Operi. Dvoje drugih poznatih slikara, Mose i Irakli Toidze, pridružili su se projektu. Remek-djela koja su nekada krasila donji dio kazališta Rustaveli uništena su tijekom sovjetske vladavine, a do sada je obnovljen samo mali dio fresaka. Izgradnju kazališta financirao je gruzijski industrijalac Aleksandar Mantašev, a projektirali su ga Cornell K. Tatishchev i Aleksander Szymkiewicz, gradski arhitekti Tbilisija.

Od 2002. do 2005. godine, kazalište je podvrgnuto temeljitoj obnovi, koju je uglavnom financirao gruzijski poduzetnik Bidzina Ivanišvili .

Kazališna scena
U kazalištu postoje tri kazališne pozornice, glavna pozornica (oko 800 mjesta), mala scena (283 mjesta) i crno kazalište (182 mjesta) za posebne predstave. Kazalište je također dostupno za konferencije i događanja i ima veliku dvoranu, malu dvoranu i malo predvorje.

Galerija

Vanjske poveznice
Službena mrežna stranica
Izvori na mrežnoj stranici Gruzijskog parlamenta

Građevine u Gruziji
Kazalište
Gruzijska kultura

Gruzijsko kazalište „Šota Rustaveli”


Rube Goldberg vél er útbúnaður þar sem keðjuverkun er notuð til að framkvæma einfalt verk og þannig að einfalt verk er framkvæmt á mjög flókinn hátt. Slík vél  er kennd við bandaríska skopmyndateiknarann Rube Goldberg  sem teiknaði margar myndir af slíkum vélum. Hann var verkfræðingur sem eftir nám vann við að teikna upp holræsakerfi og vatnsbrunna í San Francisco en gerðist seinna skopmyndateiknari dagblaða. Hann nýtti verkfræðibakgrunn sinn til að teikna skopmyndir af uppfinningum þar sem einfaldur hlutur var framkvæmdur í mörgum þrepum. Þessar myndir urðu vinsælar og þekktar og árið 1931 var lýsingarorðinu Rube Goldberg bætt við Merriam-Webster orðasafnið með merkinguna að gera á flókinn hátt það sem virðist hægt að gera á einfaldan hátt.

Heimild

 What Is a Rube Goldberg Machine?

Rube Goldberg vél


The Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (SFS) is the school of international relations at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. It grants degrees at both undergraduate and graduate levels.

Founded in 1919, SFS is the oldest continuously operating school for international affairs in the United States, predating the U.S. Foreign Service by six years, and many of its graduates pursue careers in U.S. foreign policy. Despite its reputation for producing prominent American statesmen and diplomats, the school is not a diplomatic academy, and its graduates go on to have careers in a diverse range of sectors, including Wall Street.

The School of Foreign Service was established by Edmund A. Walsh with the goal of preparing Americans for various international professions in the wake of expanding U.S. involvement in world affairs after the First World War. Today, the school hosts a student body of approximately 2,250 from over 100 nations each year. It offers an undergraduate program based in the liberal arts, which leads to the Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service (BSFS) degree, as well as eight interdisciplinary graduate programs.

History

With the help of Georgetown University president Fr. John B. Creeden, S.J., Fr. Walsh spearheaded the founding of the School of Foreign Service and its establishment was announced on November 25, 1919. The school's use of the name "Foreign Service" preceded the formal establishment of the U.S. Foreign Service by six years. The school was envisioned by Fr. Walsh to prepare students for all major forms of foreign representation from commercial, financial, consular to diplomatic.

In 1921, it graduated its first class of Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service (BSFS) undergraduate students. The following year, the school began to offer the first international relations graduate program in the United States, the Master of Science in Foreign Service (MSFS). In August 1932, the SFS was moved to the Healy Hall, a National Historic Landmark.

In 1958, two years after the death of Fr. Walsh, the school was renamed after him and moved to the Walsh Building in a ceremony dedicated by President Eisenhower in honor of Fr. Walsh. Since 1982, the school has been housed in the Edward B. Bunn, S.J. Intercultural Center (ICC) on the main campus.

In June 2023, the administrators announced the plan to rename the school in honor of the late Madeleine Albright, who served as a professor at SFS both before and after her tenure as U.S. secretary of state. It attracted criticism due to Albright's controversial legacy and the lack of consultation with the school's community members.

Academics

Undergraduate program
The Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service (BSFS) degree is offered by the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. The degree is rooted in the liberal arts. Following completion of the core requirements, students declare one of the following interdisciplinary majors:
 Culture and Politics (CULP)
 Global Business (GBUS)
 International Economics (IECO)
 International History (IHIS)
 International Political Economy (IPEC)
 International Politics (IPOL)
 Regional and Comparative Studies (RCST)
 Science, Technology, & International Affairs (STIA)

There is also a joint degree — Bachelor of Science in Business and Global Affairs — offered in partnership with Georgetown University McDonough School of Business.

Graduate program
Graduate students can pursue eight interdisciplinary graduate degrees in the school:
 Master of Science in Foreign Service (MSFS) with concentrations in:
 Global Business, Finance & Society (GBFS)
 Global Politics & Security (GPS)
 International Development (IDEV)
 Science, Technology, and International Affairs (STIA)
 Master of Arts in Security Studies (SSP)
 Master of Global Human Development (GHD)
 Master of Arts in Arab Studies (MAAS)
 Master of Arts in Asian Studies (MASIA)
 Master of Arts in German and European Studies (MAGES)
 Master of Arts in Eurasian, Russian and East European Studies (MAERES)
 Master of Arts in Latin American Studies (CLAS)
There are also two joint degrees offered in partnership with Georgetown's McDonough School of Business. The first is the Global Executive MBA, which is offered in collaboration with the ESADE Business School in Spain. and the INCAE Business School in Costa Rica. The second is the MA in International Business and Policy (MA-IBP).
SFS is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA), a group of public policy, public administration, and international affairs schools.

Additionally, exceptional undergraduate SFS students can apply for the accelerated bachelor's/master's dual-degree program, which allows enrollment in one of the graduate programs (e.g. BSFS/MSFS, BSFS/MASIA, etc.) during the final undergraduate year and completion of both degrees in approximately five years.

Certificates
Georgetown offers a number of undergraduate certificate programs: African studies, Arab studies, Asian studies, Australian & New Zealand studies, German and European studies, international business diplomacy, international development, Muslim-Christian understanding, Jewish civilization, justice & peace studies, Latin American studies, medieval studies, Russian & East European studies, social & political thought, and women's and gender studies.

Reputation and rankings
Georgetown's programs in international relations have consistently ranked among the best in the world in surveys of the field's academics that have been published biennially since 2005 by Foreign Policy. In 2014 and in 2018 Foreign Policy ranked Georgetown's master's programs first in the world and its bachelor's programs fourth. In a separate survey of makers of American foreign-policy from 2011, Georgetown ranked second overall in the quality of preparation for a career in the U.S. government, regardless of degree earned.

Student Life
There are a vast array of clubs and student organizations at Georgetown University that students from the School of Foreign Service join. The elected representative organization of the SFS is the SFS Academic Council, also known as the SFSAC. The SFSAC advocates for the SFS student body and works with the Dean's Office to address student concerns, spearhead new initiatives, and coordinate events. In addition to elected representatives, the SFSAC has several committees, including Community Service and Outreach, Special Events, Professional Development, General Membership, Diversity Equity and Inclusion, and Communications.

Campuses

The School of Foreign Service main campus, which is part of the main campus of Georgetown University, is located in the Georgetown neighborhood in Northwest Washington, D.C. In 2005, it opened another campus, the School of Foreign Service in Qatar (also known as SFS-Q or GU-Q), in Qatar Foundation's Education City in Doha, Qatar. Many SFS undergraduates spend a minimum of one semester or a summer abroad, choosing from direct matriculation programs around the globe as well as programs of other universities and those run by Georgetown, including SFS-Q and Villa Le Balze.

List of deans

Notable alumni

 Abdullah II of Jordan (1987), King of Jordan
 Adel al-Jubeir (1984) Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia
 John R. Allen, former commander of International Coalition in Afghanistan, President of Brookings Institution
 Steve Bannon (1983), White House chief strategist and Counselor to the President under President Trump
 José Durão Barroso (1987), President of the European Commission and former prime minister of Portugal
 Philip Bilden (1986), U.S. secretary of the Navy nominee in the Trump administration
 Bill Bryant, Seattle port commissioner from 2008 to 2015
 George Casey (1970), U.S. Army chief of staff
 Laura Chinchilla Miranda (1959), 46th president of Costa Rica
 Joseph Cirincione (1983), former president of the Ploughshares Fund
 Paul Clement (1988), U.S. solicitor general and acting U.S. attorney general
 Bill Clinton (1968), 42nd president of the United States
 Anne Dias-Griffin (1993), hedge fund manager
 Stéphane Dujarric (1988), Spokesman for UN Secretaries-General Kofi Annan, Ban Ki-moon and António Guterres
 Richard Durbin (1966), U.S. senator from Illinois, Majority Whip of the United States Senate
 Felipe VI (1991), King of Spain
 Luis Fortuño (1982), Governor of Puerto Rico
 Dexter Goei (1993), CEO of Altice
 Christopher Grady, Vice Chairman of U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff
 Dalia Grybauskaitė, President of Lithuania
 Alexander Haig (1961), U.S. secretary of state under Ronald Reagan, Supreme Allied Commander Europe of NATO (1974–79)
 Daniel Henninger, columnist, Deputy Editorial Page Editor The Wall Street Journal
 Mushahid Hussain, Opposition Leader in Pakistan, candidate for President of Pakistan in 2008
 James Matthew Jones (1983), global health expert and philanthropist
 James L. Jones (1966), U.S. national security advisor under President Obama
 Eugen Jurzyca, Minister of Education of Slovakia
 John F. Kelly (1984), Retired Marine general, the 5th U.S. secretary of homeland security and White House chief of staff in the Trump Administration
 Kathleen Kingsbury (2001) Opinion Editor, New York Times
 Željko Komšić, President of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2006 to 2014
 Taro Kono (1986), Foreign Minister of Japan
 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (1968), president of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010
 David Malpass (1982), President of the World Bank
 Denis McDonough (1996), President Obama's chief of staff and former deputy national security advisor, Secretary of Veteran's Affairs in Biden administration
 Kayleigh McEnany (2010), CNN Commentator; press secretary to President Trump
 Maeve Kennedy McKean (2009), attorney and U.S. health official
 Mick Mulvaney (1989), Director of U.S. Office of Management and Budget and White House Chief of Staff under President Trump
 Kirstjen Nielsen (1994), U.S. secretary of homeland security under President Trump
 Darcy Olsen, CEO of the Goldwater Institute
 Jon Ossoff, (2009), U.S. senator from Georgia
 Sandra Oudkirk, first female director of the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT)
 Armand Peschard-Sverdrup, Mexican political scientist
 Pat Quinn (1969), Governor of Illinois
 Carl Reiner (1943), actor, film producer, film director, Emmy Award winner
 Tony Ressler (1981), billionaire and owner of the Atlanta Hawks
 Matthew A. Reynolds (1986), former assistant secretary of state for legislative affairs (2008–2009)
 Chris Sacca (1997), Founder of Lowercase Capital
 Therese Shaheen (1980), Chairman of the American Institute of Taiwan, 2002–2004; businesswoman
Arjun Singh Sethi (2003), civil rights writer and lawyer
 Debora Spar (1984), Former president, Barnard College at Columbia University, member of the board of directors of Goldman Sachs, first female president of Lincoln Center
 Courtney Stadd (1981), NASA chief of staff from 2001 to 2003
 Daniel Sullivan (1993), U.S. senator from Alaska
 George Tenet (1976), Director of the CIA from 1997 to 2004
 Matthew VanDyke, freedom fighter and Prisoner of War (POW) in the 2011 Libyan Civil War
 Marcus Wallenberg, a banker and industrialist
 Margaret Weichert (1989), deputy director for management in the Office of Management and Budget, Director of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management
 Nawaf Obaid (1996), political scientist and former Saudi foreign policy advisor
 Igor Danchenko (2009), geopolitical analyst known for sourcing the Steele dossier
 Anthony Clark Arend (1980), professor of government and foreign service at Georgetown University

References

Citations

Sources

External links
 Official website

Walsh School of Foreign Service


حربة المسيح أو الحربة المقدسة هو اسم الحربة التي طعن بها جنب يسوع حسب رواية يوحنا للصلب.

يذكر إنجيل يوحنا (19 : 31-37) فقط الحربة ولا ذكر لها في الاناجيل القانونية الأخرى. يروي الإنجيل ان الرومان ارادوا كسر ركب يسوع من أجل تسريع موته لكنهم اكتشفوا أنه ميت لذا لم يفعلوا ذلك. وللتأكد من موته قام جندي بطعن يسوع بحربة.

لَكِنَّ وَاحِداً مِنَ الْعَسْكَرِ طَعَنَ جَنْبَهُ بِحَرْبَةٍ وَلِلْوَقْتِ خَرَجَ دَمٌ وَمَاءٌ (يوحنا 19 : 34).

مراجع

آثار منسوبة إلى يسوع
أساطير العصور الوسطى
أسلحة أسطورية
أسلحة خيالية
إنجيل يوحنا
رماح
رموز ملكية
عبارات مسيحية
تراث شعبي مسيحي

الحربة المقدسة


කීර්ති සුරේෂ් යනු දකුණු ඉන්දිය නිළියක්, නිරූපිකාවක් හා පසුබිම් ගායිකාවක් වේ. දෙමළ, මලයාලම් හා තෙලිගු චිත්‍රපට සදහා ප්‍රසිද්ධ ඇය චිත්‍රපට නිෂ්පාදක සුරේෂ් හා මලයාලම් නිළි මේනකා යන යුවළගේ දියණියයි. ගීතාංජලි නම් මලයාලම් චිත්‍රපටයෙන් ප්‍රධාන නිළියක් ලෙස සිනමාවට පා තැබු කීර්ති සුරේෂ් ඉදු එන්න මායම් චිත්‍රපටයෙන් දෙමළ සිනමාවටත්, නේනු සෛලජා චිත්‍රපටයෙන් තෙලිගු සිනමාවටත් පිවිසියා ය.

පෞද්ගලික ජීවිතය
කීර්ති සුරේෂ්ගේ සහෝදරිය වන රේවති සුරේෂ් බොලිවුඩ් සුපිරි නළු ශාරුක් ඛාන්ගේ නිෂ්පාදන සමාගම වන රෙඩ් චිලීස් ආයතනයේ ත්‍රිමාණ ඡායාරූපකරණ හා චිත්‍රපට VFX නිෂ්පාදකවරියක් වනවා. කීර්ති තම නවවන වියේදී චෙන්නායි නුවර පර්ල් ඇකඩෙමියේ අධ්‍යාපනය හැදෑරුවාය. එහිදී ඇය විලාසිතා නිර්මාණ උපාධියක් ලැබීමෙන් අනතුරුව වැඩිදුර අධ්‍යාපනය සදහා ස්කොට්ලන්තයට හා ලන්ඩන්හිදි දෙමසක් නේවාසිකව සිටියාය.

රංගන දිවිය
කීර්ති සිනමාවට ප්‍රථම වරට පාතැබුවේ 2000 වසරේ පයිලට් හා අචනෙයනෙනික්කිස්ටම් නම් මලයාලම් චිත්‍රපටවල ළමා චරිත සදහා ය. පාසල් දිවියෙන් අනතුරුව ඇය ප්‍රථමවරට  ප්‍රධාන නිළියක් ලෙස ගීතාංජලී චිත්‍රපටයෙන් රංගනයෙන් දායක වී ඇත. එයද ද්විත්ව රංගනයක් වීම විශේෂත්වයකි. පසුව ඒ.එල්.විජේ ගේ අධ්‍යක්ෂණයෙන් 2015 වසරේදී ඉදු එන්න මායම් නම් චිත්‍රපටයෙන් දෙමළ සිනමාවට පා තැබූ කීර්ති දකුණු ඉන්දිය ජාත්‍යන්තර සිනමා උළෙලේ හොදම නවතම නිළිය ලෙස සම්මාන ලැබුවාය. පසුව 2017 වසරේ සුපිරි නළු විජේ සමග ඇගේ පළමු චිත්‍රපටය වන බෛරවා ද, 2018 වසරේ සර්කාර්ද ඉන්දිය බොක්ස් ඔෆිස් ලැයිස්තුවේ ඉහළ ආදායම් වාර්තා තබා ඇත. පසුව දෙමළ සුපිරි නළුවන් වන වික්‍රම්, විශාල්, බොබ්බි සිම්හා, සූර්යා හා ධනූෂ් යන අය සමග රගපා තමිල්නාඩුවේ දිදුලන තරුවක් සේ ප්‍රසිද්ධ වූවාය.

තෙලිගු සිනමාවේද දැනට උපප්‍රධාන නළුවන් වන නානි, රාම් පොතිනෙනි යන අය සමග රගපෑ කීර්ති සුරේෂ්ගේ සුවිශාලතම සිනමා මෙහෙයුම වන මහානටි/නඩිගෛයර් තිලකම් යන තෙලිගු-දෙමළ චිත්‍රපටය සදහා රංගනයෙන් දායක වූවාය. ඇයගේ එහි චරිතය වූයේ සාවිත්‍රි නම් දකුණු ඉන්දිය සිනමා නිළියගේ චරිතය යි. මෙහිදී ඇය ඉන්දියාවේ පමණක් නොව ලොව පුරා සිටින සුපිරිතම නළුවන්ගේ ගෞරව හා ප්‍රශංසා ලද නිළියක් බවට පත්වූවාය.

චිත්‍රපට නාමාවලිය

ගායනය
කීර්ති තම ප්‍රථම ගීතය ලෙස සාමි 2 චිත්‍රපටයේ "පුදූ මෙට්‍රෝ රෙයිල්" ගීතය ගායනා කර ඇත. සංගීතය හරිෂ් ජෙයරාජ් විසිනි.

කීර්ති සුරේෂ්


Husejnija džamija džamija je u Gradačcu proglašena nacionalnim spomenikom Bosne i Hercegovine. Sagradio ju je kapetan Husein Gradaščević 1826. godine. godine i predstavlja njegov najveći arhitektonski doprinos. Nacionalni spomenik sastoji se od: džamije, abdesthane, knjižnice, harema s nišanima i ulaznih vrata.

Vanjske dimenzije džamije (uključujući sofe) su: 18,59 x 13,90 metara. Sadrži osmerokutnu kupolu i izuzetno visok munaru (25 metara). Tri osmerokutne kupole nalaze se iznad verande. Islamski ukrasi mogu se vidjeti na vratima, zidovima kao i u unutrašnjosti. Cijeli kompleks okružen je malim kamenim zidom i vratima. Džamija se nalazi oko 40-50 metara izvan gradskih zidina tvrđave Gradačac.

Knjižnica je u prizemlju, dimenzija približno 6,00 x 6,00 metara, smještena u sjevernom kutu dvorišta džamije. Prvotno je bila kupolasta, a danas ima četverovodni krov prekriven bitumenskom šindrom. Knjižnica je radila do 1883. godine. Nije poznato što se dogodilo s knjigama ove knjižnice, niti kakav je bio sastav njezina knjižnog fonda.

U haremu Husejnije džamije nalazi se samo devet nadgrobnih spomenika, među kojima dva manja nišana nemaju natpis, a ostalih sedam natpisa na neš-jeli pismu, pa ih je moguće datirati na osnovu toga. Najstariji datirani nišan datira iz 1854. godine, a najmlađi iz 1918. godine.

Gradačac
Džamije u Bosni i Hercegovini
Nacionalni spomenici Bosne i Hercegovine

Husejnija džamija


Burhan Öçal (d. 25 Nisan 1959, Kırklareli), dünyaca ünlü Türk perküsyon sanatçısı ve oyuncu.

Albümleri
 Oynamaya Geldik (2006)
 Yeni Rüya (2005)
 Trakya All Star-Kırklareli İl Sınırı
 Sultan Orhan
 Sultan Secret Door
 Caravaneseria
 Orient Secret
 Grand Bazar
 Sultan
 Grove Alla Turca (Türkiye)
 1001 Nacht Musik
 Dervis Mustafa
 Black Sea - Karadeniz 1992
 Sultan Osman

Filmografisi
 2023: Türkler Çıldırmış Olmalı 2 - Albay Mehmet Kara
 2021: Fatma - Ekber
 2015: Hesapta Aşk
 2013: Istanbul Unveiled
 2010: Türkler Çıldırmış Olmalı - Albay Mehmet Kara
 2008: Dinle Neyden
 2007: O Kadın - Yeşim'in babası
 2006: Maçolar
 2004: O Şimdi Mahkum - Numan

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Burhan Öçal resmi sitesi

Türk perküsyonistler
1959 doğumlular
Kırklareli doğumlular
Doublemoon sanatçıları
Yaşayan insanlar

Burhan Öçal


Der Mauerturm am Oberanger in Lauingen, einer Stadt im schwäbischen Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau, war ein Teil der ehemaligen Stadtbefestigung. Der Mauerturm hinter der Stadtpfarrkirche St. Martin, nach dem Haus Oberanger 1, ist ein geschütztes Baudenkmal.

Beschreibung
Der Grundriss des Mauerturms besteht aus einem Dreiviertelkreis. Die Seite, an der die Stadtmauer ursprünglich ansetzte, ist abgeflacht. Der dreigeschossige Ziegelbau, mit einer Geschosstrennung in Form eines schmalen Gesimsbandes über dem zweiten Geschoss, besitzt heute in den Untergeschossen einfache Rechtecköffnungen an der Stelle wo sich ursprünglich Schießscharten befanden. Das oberste Geschoss wird durch einen Fries aus Spitzbogenblenden zwischen schmalen Lisenen auf Konsolen gegliedert. Das Traufgesims und der Zinnenkranz wurden in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts im Stil der Neugotik hinzugefügt.

Grabsteine

Aus dem aufgelassenen Friedhof der Stadtpfarrkirche wurden in den Turm Grabplatten eingefügt. Vom mehrfach gebrochenen Fragment der Grabplatte für Martin Ruland (1532–1602), pfalzgräflicher Rat und Stadtphysicus von Lauingen, sind noch Teile der Inschrift lesbar. Besser erhalten ist ein anderer Grabstein mit Wappen.

Literatur
 Die Kunstdenkmäler des Landkreises Dillingen an der Donau. Bearbeitet von Werner Meyer (= Die Kunstdenkmäler von Bayern. Die Kunstdenkmäler von Schwaben. Band VII. Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau). R. Oldenbourg Verlag, München 1972, ISBN 3-486-43541-8, S. 583–584 und S. 533–534 (Grabsteine)

Weblinks

Baudenkmal in Lauingen (Donau)
Stadtbefestigung in Lauingen (Donau)
Wehrturm in Bayern
Turm in Europa
Bauwerk in Lauingen (Donau)

Mauerturm am Oberanger


محلة دياي، قرية رئيسية تابعة لمركز دسوق التابع لمحافظة كفر الشيخ في جمهورية مصر العربية.

التاريخ
قرية محلة دياي من القرى القديمة، ذكرها ابن حوقل في كتابه «صورة الأرض» باسم «دياي» في وصفه للطريق بين صا والصافية، وأنها كانت قاعدة كورة، فقال: .

كما وردت في كتاب قوانين الدواوين للأسعد بن مماتي باسم «دييه» المعروفة أيضًا «محلة دييه» عندما عدّ أعمال الغربية التي أحصاها الروك الصلاحي الذي أجراه السلطان الأيوبي الناصر صلاح الدين سنة 572هـ/1176م، كما وردت باسم «محلة دييه» في أعمال الغربية ضمن قرى الروك الناصري التي أحصاها ابن الجيعان في كتاب «التحفة السنية بأسماء البلاد المصرية». وفي العصر العثماني وردت باسم «محلة دييه» في التربيع العثماني الذي أجراه الوالي العثماني سليمان باشا الخادم في عصر السلطان العثماني سليمان القانوني ضمن قرى ولاية الغربية، وفي تاريخ 1228هـ/1813م الذي عدّ قرى مصر بعد المسح الذي قام به محمد علي باشا باسم «محلة دياي» ضمن قرى مديرية الغربية.

الموقع الجغرافي
تقع محلة دياي جنوب مركز دسوق حيث يحدها:

 من الشمال: كفر مجر بمركز دسوق.
 من الشرق: كفر الخير بمركز دسوق، وشباس عمير بمركز قلين.
 من الغرب: نهر النيل، ومدينة شبراخيت بمحافظة البحيرة.
 من الجنوب: منية جناج بمركز دسوق.

التقسيم الإداري

محلة دياي عاصمة الوحدة المحلية، يتبعها قريتان فرعيتان هما:
 كفر الخير
 منية جناج

كما يتبعها عزبة وكفر:

 عزبة أبو حميد
 كفر اللبيدي

السكان

بلغ عدد سكان محلة دياي 18,322 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006. وبحسب الإحصاء التقديري لعام 2008، أصبح عدد سكانها 34,949 نسمة.

انظر أيضاً
 محلة أبو علي
 محلة مالك
 دسوق

مصادر

وصلات خارجية
 التقسيم الإداري لمركز دسوق.
 كفراوي - دليل محافظة كفر الشيخ، مركز دسوق.
 - المصري اليوم

الوحدة المحلية لقرية محلة دياي (دسوق)

محلة دياي


Lista Peter Pilz (în ) este un partid politic din Austria, fondat de Peter Pilz, fost parlamentar al Partidului Verde.

Istorie
Pilz a părăsit Partidul Verde pe 17 iulie 2017, fiindcă nu fusese pus pe locul al patrulea pe lista pentru alegerile parlamentare, ci pe al șaselea. Astfel, el a decis să își formeze propria listă electorală.

Spre deosebire de alte partide de extremă stânga, Pilz consideră lupta contra Islamismului radical o temă principală.

Primii candidați pe lista sa au fost: muziciana și activista Maria Stern, avocatul Peter Kolba, fost politician SPÖ, antreprenoarea Stephanie Cox și avocatul Alfred J. Noll. Pe 28 iulie 2017, deputații verzi Wolfgang Zinggl și Bruno Rossmann, precum și deputata SPÖ Daniela Holzinger-Vogtenhuber și-au dat demisia pentru a se alătura listei Peter Pilz. În 4 august, Renée Schroeder și Hannes Werthner au fost anunțați drept candidați, iar ulterior și Teresa Roscher și avocatul Alma Zadic. Înaintea alegerilor au fost strânși €200.000, dintre care €98.000 din partea lui Alfred J. Noll și €20.000 din patrtea lui Renée Schroeder, iar restul din mici donații.

Pe 26 iulie 2017, statutul formațiunii a fost trimis la Ministerul de Interne și înscris drept partid politic. Acesta nu va avea parte de finanțări străine, sponsorizările fiind considerate neesențiale pentru o platformă electorală de către Peter Pilz. Totodată, Pilz a cerut reducerea finanțării partidelor din bani publici.

La data de 4 noiembrie 2017, Peter Pilz a demisonat din funcția de parlamentar, pe fondul unor acuzații de agresiune sexuală.

Rezultate la alegeri

Nationalrat

Referințe

Legături externe
 Website Oficial

Partide politice din Austria
Partide ecologiste
Fondări în 2017

Lista Peter Pilz


Die Elkhorn Grove Township ist eine von 12 Townships im Carroll County im Nordwesten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Illinois.

Geografie
Die Elkhorn Grove Township liegt im Nordwesten von Illinois rund 20 km nördlich des Rock River. Der Mississippi, der die Grenze zu Iowa bildet, liegt rund 40 km westlich. Die Grenze zu Wisconsin befindet sich rund 70 km nördlich.

Die Elkhorn Grove Township liegt auf 41°58′00″ nördlicher Breite und 89°42′00″ westlicher Länge und erstreckt sich über 50,34 km².

Die Elkhorn Grove Township liegt im äußersten Südosten des Carroll County und grenzt innerhalb dessen im Westen an die Wysox Township und im Norden an die Rock Creek-Lima Township. Im Osten grenzt die Elkhorn Grove Township an das Ogle und im Süden an das Whiteside County.

Verkehr
Die einzige befestigte Straße ist die in West-Ost-Richtung durch die Township verlaufende County Road 25. Alle weiteren Straßen innerhalb der Township sind noch weiter untergeordnete unbefestigte Fahrwege.

Durch die Elkhorn Grove Township verläuft eine Eisenbahnlinien, die von der westlich der Township gelegenen Stadt Savanna nach Osten führt.

Der nächstgelegene Flugplatz ist der rund 20 km westlich gelegene Tri-Township Airport südlich der Stadt Savanna.

Bevölkerung
Bei der Volkszählung im Jahr 2010 hatte die Township 229 Einwohner. Neben Streubesiedlung existieren innerhalb der Elkhorn Grove Township folgende gemeindefreien Siedlungen:

 Elkhorn Grove
 Hazelhurst1
 Hitt
 South Elkhorn

1 – teilweise im Ogle County

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 www.city-data.com - Elkhorn Grove Township
 Histopolis - Elkhorn Grove Township

Elkhorn Grove Township


لورينت كورتوا  (11 سبتمبر 1978 في ليون) لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب حاليا في نادي الدرجة الأولى غرونوبل في خط الوسط .

بدأ كورتوا مسيرته الرياضية في نادي أجاكسيو سنة 1998 وفي السنة التالية انتقل إلى نادي تولوز . في سنة 2001 قرر خوض تجربة الاحتراف خارج فرنسا وانضم إلى نادي وست هام يونايتد الإنجليزي سنة 2001 وفي يناير 2003 قرر العودة إلى فرنسا والانضمام إلى نادي إستر . في سنة 2005 عاد للعب في الخارج بالانتقال إلى نادي ليفانتي الإسباني ولكنه عاد مجددا إلى فرنسا بالانتقال إلى نادي غرونوبل صيف سنة 2008 .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون رجال من لا ريونيون
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
رياضيون من ليون
طاقم نادي كولومبوس كرو غير اللاعبين
لاعبو الدوري الأمريكي لكرة القدم
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو أجاكسيو
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
لاعبو إستر
لاعبو بطولة دوري كرة القدم المتحدة
لاعبو تولوز
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو غرونوبل
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية من لا ريونيون
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم من لا ريونيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من ليون
لاعبو لوس أنجلوس غالاكسي
لاعبو لوس أنجلوس غالاكسي 2
لاعبو نادي شيفاز يو إس أي
لاعبو نادي ليفانتي
لاعبو وست هام يونايتد
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبون مدربون
مدربو كرة قدم فرنسيون مغتربون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
مواليد 1978
مواليد في ليون

لورينت كورتوا


Gødning er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1987 instrueret af Per Larsen.

Handling
Filmen viser, hvad NPO Handlingsplanen betyder for landmandens bedrift. En maskinkonsulent og en kommuneingeniør giver deres vurdering af loven.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1987

Gødning (dokumentarfilm)


An Disa vaginata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni William Henry Harvey ngan John Lindley. An Disa vaginata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Disa, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Disa

Disa vaginata


Le lycée d'Hibiyaest un lycée public situé au Japon, dans l'arrondissement de Chiyoda.

Historique
Il a été fondé en 1878.

Il est considéré comme le meilleur lycée public du Japon, envoyant une part importante de son effectif dans la très prestigieuse université de Tokyo.

Notes et références

Enseignement à Tokyo

Lycée d’Hibiya


Uzrokovanje (eng. sampling), u glazbi, točnije, glazbenoj proizvodnji označava postupak uporabe isječka zvučne snimke iz jedne skladbe u drugoj. Može se raditi o ritmičkoj ili melodijskoj sekvenciji, dijelu recitativa, govora ili određene glazbene dionice koja je umetnuta ili izmijenjena određenim postupkom, primjerice uslojavanjem, izjednačavanjem, usporavanjem ili ubrzavanjem, ili nekim inim načinom preinačena.

Vanjske poveznice

Uzorkovanje (glazba)


وسام جبران ؛(ولد عام 1983م في مدينة الناصرة، في جليل فلسطين التاريخية) مؤلف موسيقي، عازف عود ويعتبر من أحد أهم وأمهر صانعي الأعواد في العالم.

حياته

وسام، الابن الثالث لعائلة (حاتم مبداجبران)، بعد شقيقه الأكبر (سمير)، وقبل شقيقه الأصغر (عدنان)، إلى جانب شقيقته سهى. ولد في الناصرة سنة 1983، في عائلة لها تاريخ فني عريق، حيث ان الوالد واحد من أمهر صانعي الأعواد في فلسطين والعالم العربي، والأم (ابتسام حنا) منشدة سابقة للموشحات. وسام اظهر الموهبة الموسيقية في وقت مبكر من حياته، في الخامسة من العمر كان اللقاء الطري الأول بين انامله وبين الأخشاب، وفي السادسة أنتجت الأنامل الصغيرة آلة موسيقية، بدائية بالضرورة.
وسام بدأ في تعلم العزف على الكمان في السادسة من العمر، ومن ثم انتقل على آلة العود.
في عام 2002 سافر إلى إيطاليا ودخل أرقى وأهم معاهد العالم المختصة في صناعة الآلات الموسيقية وتحديدا الكمان «أنطونيو ستراديفاري» في إيطاليا.
في العام2003، حاز وسام على درجة الامتياز من المعهد، لدقة فنيته وإبداعه الذي أدهش جميع النقاد والعازفين.

ألبوماته الموسيقية
 تماس 2002
 رندنة 2004
 مجاز 2007
 في ظل الكلام 2009
 الرحلة الأخيرة 2009

وصلات خارجية

 موقع وسام جبران الرسمي
 الثلاثي جبران
 موسيقى «هوس» من ألبوم رندنة
 موسيقى «مسار» من ألبوم مجاز

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من الناصرة
ملحنون فلسطينيون
مواليد 1403 هـ
مواليد 1983
مواليد في الناصرة
موسيقيون فلسطينيون

وسام جبران