The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, or the First Kashmir War, was a war fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of four Indo-Pakistani wars
between the two newly independent nations. Pakistan precipitated the war a few weeks after its independence by launching tribal lashkar (militias) from Waziristan, in an effort to capture Kashmir and to preempt the possibility of its ruler joining India. The inconclusive result of the war still affects the geopolitics of both countries.

Hari Singh, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, was facing an uprising by his Muslim subjects in Poonch, and lost control of the western districts of his kingdom. On 22 October 1947, Pakistan's Pashtun tribal militias crossed the border of the state. These local tribal militias and irregular Pakistani forces moved to take the capital city of Srinagar, but upon reaching Baramulla, they took to plunder and stalled. Maharaja Hari Singh made a plea to India for assistance, and help was offered, but it was subject to his signing of an Instrument of Accession to India.

The war was initially fought by the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces and by militias from the frontier tribal areas adjoining the North-West Frontier Province. Following the accession of the state to India on 26 October 1947, Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar, the state capital. British commanding officers initially refused the entry of Pakistani troops into the conflict, citing the accession of the state to India. However, later in 1948, they relented and Pakistan's armies entered the war shortly afterwards. The fronts solidified gradually along what later came to be known as the Line of Control. A formal ceasefire was declared effective 1 January 1949.

Background

Prior to 1815, the area now known as "Jammu and Kashmir" comprised 22 small independent states (16 Hindu and six Muslim) carved out of territories controlled by the Amir (King) of Afghanistan, combined with those of local small rulers. These were collectively referred to as the "Punjab Hill States". These small states, ruled by Rajput kings, were variously independent, vassals of the Mughal Empire since the time of Emperor Akbar or sometimes controlled from Kangra state in the Himachal area. Following the decline of the Mughals, turbulence in Kangra and invasions of Gorkhas, the hill states fell successively under the control of the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh.

The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46) was fought between the Sikh Empire, which asserted sovereignty over Kashmir, and the East India Company. In the Treaty of Lahore of 1846, the Sikhs were made to surrender the valuable region (the Jullundur Doab) between the Beas River and the Sutlej River and required to pay an indemnity of 1.2 million rupees. Because they could not readily raise this sum, the East India Company allowed the Dogra ruler Gulab Singh to acquire Kashmir from the Sikh kingdom in exchange for making a payment of 750,000 rupees to the company. Gulab Singh became the first Maharaja of the newly formed princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, founding a dynasty, that was to rule the state, the second-largest principality during the British Raj, until India gained its independence in 1947.

Partition of India

The years 1946–1947 saw the rise of All-India Muslim League and Muslim nationalism, demanding a separate state for India's Muslims. The demand took a violent turn on the Direct Action Day (16 August 1946) and inter-communal violence between Hindus and Muslims became endemic. Consequently, a decision was taken on 3 June 1947 to divide British India into two separate states, the Dominion of Pakistan comprising the Muslim majority areas and the Dominion of India comprising the rest. The two provinces Punjab and Bengal with large Muslim-majority areas were to be divided between the two dominions. An estimated 11 million people eventually migrated between the two parts of Punjab, and possibly 1 million perished in the inter-communal violence. Jammu and Kashmir, being adjacent to the Punjab province, was directly affected by the happenings in Punjab.

The original target date for the transfer of power to the new dominions was June 1948. However, fearing the rise of inter-communal violence, the British Viceroy Lord Mountbatten advanced the date to 15 August 1947. This gave only 6 weeks to complete all the arrangements for partition. Mountbatten's original plan was to stay on the joint Governor General for both the dominions till June 1948. However, this was not accepted by the Pakistani leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah. In the event, Mountbatten stayed on as the Governor General of India, whereas Pakistan chose Jinnah as its Governor General. It was envisaged that the nationalisation of the armed forces could not be completed by 15 August. Hence British officers stayed on after the transfer of power. The service chiefs were appointed by the Dominion governments and were responsible to them. The overall administrative control, but not operational control, was vested with Field Marshal Claude Auchinleck, who was titled the 'Supreme Commander', answerable to a newly formed Joint Defence Council of the two dominions. India appointed General Rob Lockhart as its Army chief and Pakistan appointed General Frank Messervy.

The presence of the British commanding officers on both sides made the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 a strange war. The two commanding officers were in daily telephone contact and adopted mutually defensive positions. The attitude was that "you can hit them so hard but not too hard, otherwise there will be all kinds of repercussions." Both Lockhart and Messervy were replaced in the course of war, and their successors Roy Bucher and Douglas Gracey tried to exercise restraint on their respective governments. Roy Bucher was apparently successful in doing so in India, but Gracey yielded and let British officers be used in operational roles on the side of Pakistan. One British officer even died in action.

Developments in Jammu and Kashmir (August–October 1947)

With the independence of the Dominions, the British Paramountcy over the princely states came to an end. The rulers of the states were advised to join one of the two dominions by executing an Instrument of Accession. Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, along with his prime minister Ram Chandra Kak, decided not to accede to either dominion. The reasons cited were that the Muslim majority population of the State would not be comfortable with joining India, and that the Hindu and Sikh minorities would become vulnerable if the state joined Pakistan.

In 1947, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir had a wide range of ethnic and religious communities. The Kashmir province consisting of the Kashmir Valley and the Muzaffarabad district had a majority Muslim population (over 90%). The Jammu province, consisting of five districts, had roughly equal numbers of Hindus and Muslims in the eastern districts (Udhampur, Jammu and Reasi), and a Muslim majority in the western districts (Mirpur and Poonch). The mountainous Ladakh district (wazarat) in the east had a significant Buddhist presence with a Muslim majority in Baltistan. The Gilgit Agency in the north was overwhelmingly Muslim and was directly governed by the British under an agreement with the Maharaja. Shortly before the transfer of power, the British returned the Gilgit Agency to the Maharaja, who appointed a Dogra governor for the district and a British commander for the local forces.

The predominant political movement in the Kashmir Valley, the National Conference led by Sheikh Abdullah, believed in secular politics. It was allied with the Indian National Congress and was believed to favour joining India. On the other hand, the Muslims of the Jammu province supported the Muslim Conference, which was allied to the All-India Muslim League and favoured joining Pakistan. The Hindus of the Jammu province favoured an outright merger with India. In the midst of all the diverging views, the Maharaja's decision to remain independent was apparently a judicious one.

Operation Gulmarg plan

According to Indian military sources, the Pakistani Army prepared a plan called Operation Gulmarg and put it into action as early as 20 August, a few days after Pakistan's independence. The plan was accidentally revealed to an Indian officer, Major O. S. Kalkat serving with the Bannu Brigade. According to the plan, 20 lashkars (tribal militias), each consisting of 1000 Pashtun tribesmen, were to be recruited from among various Pashtun tribes, and armed at the brigade headquarters at Bannu, Wanna, Peshawar, Kohat, Thall and Nowshera by the first week of September. They were expected to reach the launching point of Abbottabad on 18 October, and cross into Jammu and Kashmir on 22 October. Ten lashkars were expected to attack the Kashmir Valley through Muzaffarabad and another ten lashkars were expected to join the rebels in Poonch, Bhimber and Rawalakot with a view to advance to Jammu. Detailed arrangements for the military leadership and armaments were described in the plan.

The regimental records show that, by the last week of August, the Prince Albert Victor's Own Cavalry (PAVO Cavalry) regiment was briefed about the invasion plan. Colonel Sher Khan,  the Director of Military Intelligence, was in charge of the briefing, along with Colonels Akbar Khan and  Khanzadah. The Cavalry regiment was tasked with procuring arms and ammunition for the 'freedom fighters' and establishing three wings of the insurgent forces: the South Wing commanded by General Kiani, a Central Wing based at Rawalpindi and a North Wing based at Abbottabad. By 1 October, the Cavalry regiment completed the task of arming the insurgent forces. "Throughout the war there was no shortage of small arms, ammunitions, or explosives at any time." The regiment was also told to be on stand by for induction into fighting at an appropriate time.

Scholars have noted considerable movement of Pashtun tribes during September–October. By 13 September, armed Pashtuns drifted into Lahore and Rawalpindi. The Deputy Commissioner of Dera Ismail Khan noted a scheme to send tribesmen from Malakand to Sialkot, in lorries provided by the Pakistan Government. Preparations for attacking Kashmir were also noted in the princely states of Swat, Dir, and Chitral. Scholar Robin James Moore states there is "little doubt" that Pashtuns were involved in border raids all along the Punjab border from the Indus to the Ravi.

Pakistani sources deny the existence of any plan called Operation Gulmarg. However, Shuja Nawaz does list 22 Pashtun tribes involved in the invasion of Kashmir on 22 October.

Rebellion in Poonch

Sometime in August 1947, the first signs of trouble broke out in Poonch, about which diverging views have been received. Poonch was originally an internal jagir (autonomous principality), governed by an alternative family line of Maharaja Hari Singh. The taxation is said to have been heavy. The Muslims of Poonch had long campaigned for the principality to be absorbed into the Punjab province of British India. In 1938, a notable disturbance occurred for religious reasons, but a settlement was reached. During the Second World War, over 60,000 men from Poonch and Mirpur districts enrolled in the British Indian Army. After the war, they were discharged with arms, which is said to have alarmed the Maharaja. In June, Poonchis launched a 'No Tax' campaign. In July, the Maharaja ordered that all the soldiers in the region be disarmed. The absence of employment prospects coupled with high taxation drove the Poonchis to rebellion. The "gathering head of steam", states scholar Srinath Raghavan, was utilised by the local Muslim Conference led by Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (Sardar Ibrahim) to further their campaign for accession to Pakistan.

According to state government sources, the rebellious militias gathered in the Naoshera-Islamabad area, attacking the state troops and their supply trucks. A battalion of state troops was dispatched, which cleared the roads and dispersed the militias. By September, order was reestablished.  The Muslim Conference sources, on the other hand, narrate that hundreds of people were killed in Bagh during flag hoisting around 15 August and that the Maharaja unleashed a 'reign of terror' on 24 August. Local Muslims also told Richard Symonds, a British Quaker social worker, that the army fired on crowds, and burnt houses and villages indiscriminately. According to the Assistant British High Commissioner in Pakistan, H. S. Stephenson, "the Poonch affair... was greatly exaggerated".

Pakistan's preparations, Maharaja's manoeuvring

Scholar Prem Shankar Jha states that the Maharaja had decided, as early as April 1947, that he would accede to India if it was not possible to stay independent. The rebellion in Poonch possibly unnerved the Maharaja. Accordingly, on 11 August, he dismissed his pro-Pakistan Prime Minister, Ram Chandra Kak, and appointed retired Major Janak Singh in his place. On 25 August, he sent an invitation to Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan of the Punjab High Court to come as the Prime Minister. On the same day, the Muslim Conference wrote to the Pakistani Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan warning him that "if, God forbid, the Pakistan Government or the Muslim League do not act, Kashmir might be lost to them". This set the ball rolling in Pakistan.

Liaquat Ali Khan sent a Punjab politician Mian Iftikharuddin to explore the possibility of organising a revolt in Kashmir. Meanwhile, Pakistan cut off essential supplies to the state, such as petrol, sugar and salt. It also stopped trade in timber and other products, and suspended train services to Jammu. Iftikharuddin returned in mid-September to report that the National Conference held strong in the Kashmir Valley and ruled out the possibility of a revolt.

Meanwhile, Sardar Ibrahim had escaped to West Punjab, along with dozens of rebels, and established a base in Murree. From there, the rebels attempted to acquire arms and ammunition for the rebellion and smuggle them into Kashmir. Colonel Akbar Khan, one of a handful of high-ranking officers in the Pakistani Army, with a keen interest in Kashmir, arrived in Murree, and got enmeshed in these efforts. He arranged 4,000 rifles for the rebellion by diverting them from the Army stores. He also wrote out a draft plan titled Armed Revolt inside Kashmir and gave it to Mian Iftikharuddin to be passed on to the Pakistan's Prime Minister.

On 12 September, the Prime Minister held a meeting with Mian Iftikharuddin, Colonel Akbar Khan and another Punjab politician Sardar Shaukat Hayat Khan. Hayat Khan had a separate plan, involving the Muslim League National Guard and the militant Pashtun tribes from the Frontier regions. The Prime Minister approved both the plans, and despatched Khurshid Anwar, the head of the Muslim League National Guard, to mobilise the Frontier tribes.

The Maharaja was increasingly driven to the wall with the rebellion in the western districts and the Pakistani blockade. He managed to persuade Justice Mahajan to accept the post of Prime Minister (but not to arrive for another month, for procedural reasons). He sent word to the Indian leaders through Mahajan that he was willing to accede to India but needed more time to implement political reforms. However, it was India's position that it would not accept accession from the Maharaja unless it had the people's support. The Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru demanded that Sheikh Abdullah should be released from prison and involved in the state's government. Accession could only be contemplated afterwards. Following further negotiations, Sheikh Abdullah was released on 29 September.

Nehru, foreseeing a number of disputes over princely states, formulated a policy that states

The policy was communicated to Liaquat Ali Khan on 1 October at a meeting of the Joint Defence Council. Khan's eyes are said to have "sparkled" at the proposal. However, he made no response.

Operations in Poonch and Mirpur

Armed rebellion started in the Poonch district at the beginning of October 1947.
The fighting elements consisted of "bands of deserters from the State Army, serving soldiers of the Pakistan Army on leave, ex-servicemen, and other volunteers who had risen spontaneously."
The first clash is said to have occurred at Thorar (near Rawalakot) on 3–4 October 1947.
The rebels quickly gained control of almost the entire Poonch district. The State Forces garrison at the Poonch city came under heavy siege.

In the Kotli tehsil of the Mirpur district, border posts at Saligram and Owen Pattan on the Jhelum river were captured by rebels around 8 October. Sehnsa and Throchi were lost after some fighting. State Force records reveal that Muslim officers sent with reinforcements sided with the rebels and murdered the fellow state troops.

Radio communications between the fighting units were operated by the Pakistan Army. Even though the Indian Navy intercepted the communications, lacking intelligence in Jammu and Kashmir, it was unable to determine immediately where the fighting was taking place.

Accession of Kashmir
Following the rebellions in the Poonch and Mirpur area and the Pakistan-backed Pashtun tribal intervention from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Maharaja asked for Indian military assistance. India set the condition that Kashmir must accede to India for it to receive assistance. The Maharaja complied, and the Government of India recognised the accession of the princely state to India. Indian troops were sent to the state to defend it. The Jammu & Kashmir National Conference volunteers aided the Indian Army in its campaign to drive out the Pathan invaders.

Pakistan refused to recognise the accession of Kashmir to India, claiming that it was obtained by "fraud and violence." Governor General Mohammad Ali Jinnah ordered his Army Chief General Douglas Gracey to move Pakistani troops to Kashmir at once. However, the Indian and Pakistani forces were still under a joint command, and Field Marshal Auchinleck prevailed upon him to withdraw the order. With its accession to India, Kashmir became legally Indian territory, and the British officers could not a play any role in an inter-Dominion war. The Pakistan Army made available arms, ammunition, and supplies to the rebel forces who were dubbed the "Azad Army". Pakistan Army officers "conveniently" on leave and the former officers of the Indian National Army were recruited to command the forces.

In May 1948, the Pakistan Army officially entered the conflict, in theory to defend the Pakistan borders, but it made
plans to push towards Jammu and cut the lines of communications of the Indian forces in the Mehndar Valley. In Gilgit, the force of Gilgit Scouts under the command of a British officer Major William Brown mutinied and overthrew the governor Ghansara Singh. Brown prevailed on the forces to declare accession to Pakistan. They are also believed to have received assistance from the Chitral Scouts and the Bodyguard of the state of Chitral, one of the princely states of Pakistan, which had acceded to Pakistan on 6 October 1947.

Stages of the war

Initial invasion

On 22 October the Pashtun tribal attack was launched in the Muzaffarabad sector. The state forces stationed in the border regions around Muzaffarabad and Domel were quickly defeated by tribal forces (Muslim state forces mutinied and joined them) and the way to the capital was open. Among the raiders, there were many active Pakistani Army soldiers disguised as tribals. They were also provided logistical help by the Pakistan Army. Rather than advancing toward Srinagar before state forces could regroup or be reinforced, the invading forces remained in the captured cities in the border region engaging in looting and other crimes against their inhabitants. In the Poonch valley, the state forces retreated into towns where they were besieged.

Records indicate that the Pakistani tribals beheaded many Hindu and Sikh civilians in Jammu and Kashmir.

Indian operation in the Kashmir Valley

After the accession, India airlifted troops and equipment to Srinagar under the command of Lt. Col. Dewan Ranjit Rai, where they reinforced the princely state forces, established a defence perimeter and defeated the tribal forces on the outskirts of the city. Initial defense operations included the notable defense of Badgam holding both the capital and airfield overnight against extreme odds. The successful defence included an outflanking manoeuvre by Indian armoured cars during the Battle of Shalateng. The defeated tribal forces were pursued as far as Baramulla and Uri and these towns, too, were recaptured.

In the Poonch valley, tribal forces continued to besiege state forces.

In Gilgit, the state paramilitary forces, called the Gilgit Scouts, joined the invading tribal forces, who thereby obtained control of this northern region of the state. The tribal forces were also joined by troops from Chitral, whose ruler, Muzaffar ul-Mulk the Mehtar of Chitral, had acceded to Pakistan.

Attempted link-up at Poonch and fall of Mirpur

Indian forces ceased pursuit of tribal forces after recapturing Uri and Baramula, and sent a relief column southwards, in an attempt to relieve Poonch. Although the relief column eventually reached Poonch, the siege could not be lifted. A second relief column reached Kotli, and evacuated the garrisons of that town and others but were forced to abandon it being too weak to defend it. Meanwhile, Mirpur was captured by the tribal forces on 25 November 1947 with the help of Pakistan's PAVO Cavalry. This led to the 1947 Mirpur massacre where Hindu women were reportedly abducted by tribal forces and taken into Pakistan. They were sold in the brothels of Rawalpindi. Around 400 women jumped into wells in Mirpur committing suicide to escape from being abducted.

Fall of Jhanger and attacks on Naoshera and Uri

The tribal forces attacked and captured Jhanger. They then attacked Naoshera unsuccessfully, and made a series of unsuccessful attacks on Uri. In the south a minor Indian attack secured Chamb. By this stage of the war the front line began to stabilise as more Indian troops became available.

Operation Vijay: counterattack to Jhanger
The Indian forces launched a counterattack in the south recapturing Jhanger and Rajauri. In the Kashmir Valley the tribal forces continued attacking the Uri garrison. In the north, Skardu was brought under siege by the Gilgit Scouts.

Indian spring offensive
The Indians held onto Jhanger against numerous counterattacks, who were increasingly supported by regular Pakistani Forces. In the Kashmir Valley the Indians attacked, recapturing Tithwail. The Gilgit scouts made good progress in the High Himalayas sector, infiltrating troops to bring Leh under siege, capturing Kargil and defeating a relief column heading for Skardu.

Operations Gulab and Eraze

The Indians continued to attack in the Kashmir Valley sector driving north to capture Keran and Gurais (Operation Eraze). They also repelled a counterattack aimed at Tithwal. In the Jammu region, the forces besieged in Poonch broke out and temporarily linked up with the outside world again. The Kashmir State army was able to defend Skardu from the Gilgit Scouts impeding their advance down the Indus valley towards Leh. In August the Chitral Scouts and Chitral Bodyguard under Mata ul-Mulk besieged Skardu and with the help of artillery were able to take Skardu. This freed the Gilgit Scouts to push further into Ladakh.

Operation Bison

During this time the front began to settle down. The siege of Poonch continued. An unsuccessful attack was launched by 77 Parachute Brigade (Brig Atal) to capture Zoji La pass. Operation Duck, the earlier epithet for this assault, was renamed as Operation Bison by Cariappa. M5 Stuart light tanks of 7 Cavalry were moved in dismantled conditions through Srinagar and winched across bridges while two field companies of the Madras Sappers converted the mule track across Zoji La into a jeep track. The surprise attack on 1 November by the brigade with armour supported by two regiments of 25-pounders and a regiment of 3.7-inch guns, forced the pass and pushed the tribal and Pakistani forces back to Matayan and later Dras. The brigade linked up on 24 November at Kargil with Indian troops advancing from Leh while their opponents eventually withdrew northwards toward Skardu. The Pakistani attacked the Skardu on 10 February 1948 which was repulsed by the Indian soldiers. Thereafter, the Skardu Garrison was subjected to continuous attacks by the Pakistan Army for the next three months and each time, their attack was repulsed by the Colonel Sher Jung Thapa and his men. Thapa held the Skardu with hardly 250 men for whole six long months without any reinforcement and replenishment. On 14 August Thapa had to surrender Skardu to the Pakistani Army and raiders after a year long siege.

Operation Easy; Poonch link-up

The Indians now started to get the upper hand in all sectors. Poonch was finally relieved after a siege of over a year. The Gilgit forces in the High Himalayas, who had previously made good progress, were finally defeated. The Indians pursued as far as Kargil before being forced to halt due to supply problems. The Zoji La  pass was forced by using tanks (which had not been thought possible at that altitude) and Dras was recaptured.

Cease-fire
After protracted negotiations, both countries agreed to a cease-fire. The terms of the cease-fire, laid out in a UN Commission resolution on 13 August 1948, were adopted by the commission on 5 January 1949. This required Pakistan to withdraw its forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimal forces within the state to preserve law and order. Upon compliance with these conditions, a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Owing to disagreements over the demilitarisation steps, a plebiscite was never held and the cease-fire line essentially became permanent.

Aftermath

Indian losses in the war totalled 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded; Pakistani, about 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded.
Neutral assessments state India emerged victorious as it successfully defended the majority of the contested territory.

India gained control of about two-thirds of the Jammu and Kashmir princely state, including the Kashmir Valley, the Jamm province and Ladakh. Pakistan had control of one-third of the state: three western districts later named Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and the northern areas including the Gilgit district, the Gilgit Agency and the Baltistan tehsil of the Ladakh district (later renamed Gilgit-Baltistan).

After two further wars in 1965 and 1971, only minor changes in the ground situation had been effected. After the last war, the two countries reached the 1972 Simla Agreement, converting the cease-fire line into a Line of Control and disavowing the use of force across it.

Military awards

Battle honours
After the war, a total of number of 11 battle honours and one theatre honour were awarded to units of the Indian Army, the notable amongst which are:

 Jammu and Kashmir 1947–48 (theatre honour)
 Gurais
 Kargil
 Naoshera
 Punch
 Rajouri
 Srinagar
 Tithwal
 Zoji La

Gallantry awards
For bravery, a number of soldiers and officers were awarded the highest gallantry award of their respective countries. Following is a list of the recipients of the Indian award Param Vir Chakra, and the Pakistani award Nishan-E-Haider:

India
 Major Som Nath Sharma (Posthumous)
 Lance Naik Karam Singh
 Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane
 Naik Jadu Nath Singh (Posthumous)
 Company Havildar Major Piru Singh Shekhawat (Posthumous)

Pakistan
 Captain Muhammad Sarwar

See also
 Siege of Skardu
 Rann of Kuch War
 Battle of Badgam
 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
 Sino-Indian War
 Nathu La and Cho La clashes
 Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
 Kargil War
 Brigadier Mohammad Usman
 Siachen conflict
 List of wars between democracies

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading
Major sources
 . Operations in Jammu and Kashmir 1947–1948. (1987). Thomson Press (India) Limited, New Delhi. This is the Indian Official History.
 . Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, 1846–1990. (1991). Roxford Books. .
  The Indian Army After Independence. (1993). Lancer International,
  Slender Was The Thread: The Kashmir confrontation 1947–1948. (1969). Orient Longmans Ltd, New Delhi.
  Without Baggage:  A personal account of the Jammu and Kashmir Operations 1947–1949. (1987). Natraj Publishers Dehradun. .

Other sources
 . Thunder over Kashmir. (1955). Orient Longman Ltd. Hyderabad
 . Battle of Zoji La. (1962). Military Digest, New Delhi.
 . The Indian Armour:  History Of The Indian Armoured Corps 1941–1971. (1987). Vision Books Private Limited, New Delhi,  .
 . History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles (1820–1956). (1990). Lancer International New Delhi, .
 Ayub, Muhammad (2005). An army, Its Role and Rule: A History of the Pakistan Army from Independence to Kargil, 1947–1999. RoseDog Books. .

External links

 Partition and Indo Pak War of 1947–48, Indian Army, archived 5 April 2011.

1947 in India
1948 in India
1949 in India
Conflicts in 1947
Conflicts in 1948
Conflicts in 1949
Government of Liaquat Ali Khan
History of Azad Kashmir
History of Pakistan
Indo-Pakistani wars
1947
Military history of Pakistan
Nehru administration
Wars involving India

Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948


Diese Liste der österreichischen Botschafter im Vereinigten Königreich zeigt die Botschafter des Staates Österreich in England und Großbritannien in der Zeit von 1677 bis heute (2016).

Geschichte
Seit 1677 gab es eine österreichische Gesandtschaft in London, die 1860 zur Botschaft aufgewertet wurde. Seit 1866 ist die Adresse des österreichischen Botschafters am Hof von St. James 18, Belgrave Square.

Missionschefs

Habsburgische Gesandte (bis 1804)
Nur Gesandte der Habsburgermonarchie; bis 1707 in England, danach Königreich Großbritannien.

k.k. Österreichische Gesandte

k.u.k. Österreichisch-ungarische Botschafter

Österreichische Botschafter (seit 1919)

Siehe auch
 Liste der österreichischen Botschafter
 Liste der britischen Botschafter in Österreich

Literatur
 Rudolf Agstner: Von Chandos House Zum Belgrave Square. In: Mitteilungen des österreichischen Staatsarchivs, Volume 45, Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, 1997
 Erwin Matsch: Der Auswärtige Dienst von Österreich(-Ungarn) 1720–1920. Böhlau Verlag, Wien 1986

Einzelnachweise

!
Vereinigtes Konigreich
Osterreich


Großer Stechlinsee erf en sø i Landkreis Oberhavel, i den tyske delstat Brandenburg. Den ligger 60 moh. og har et areal på 4,52 km².

Dværgfisken Stechlin cisco er kun fundet her (endemisk). Theodor Fontane's sidste roman, Der Stechlin, foregik i nærheden.
Ved vestbredden lå fra 1966 til 1990 atomkraftværket Rheinsberg
der var et forsknings- og forsøgskraftværk i det daværende DDR.

Stechlinsee har en maksimumdybde på 69,5 meter, hvilket gør den til den dybeste sø i Brandenburg. Den er ogsåen af de klareste, med visual dybde på op til 11 meter (gennemsnitlig 6 meter), og vandet er rent som drikkevand.
Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB) har en forskningsstation ved søen.

Stechlinområdet er et af de vigtigste næringsfattige landskaber i Centraleuropa og et LIFE project er iværksat for at restaurere søer, moser og sumpskove i Stechlinsee .

I 2012 annoncerede The Global Nature Fund at Großer Stechlinsee var udpeget til  "Lebendiger See des Jahres 2012: Stechlinsee".

Kilder og henvisninger

 , "Großer Stechlinsee" , Nixdorf, B.; et al. (2004) Dokumentation von Zustand und Entwicklung der wichtigsten Seen Deutschlands (in German), Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, p. 31
 International Lake Environment Committee: Lake Stechlin

Søer i Tyskland
Brandenburg

Großer Stechlinsee


Johannes Bartuschat (* 1966 in Heidelberg) ist ein deutscher Romanist.

Johannes Bartuschat ist Professor für Italienische Literatur am Romanischen Seminar der Universität Zürich. Er ist bekannt durch seine Werke über italienische Renaissance-Literatur.

Herausgeber
 Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini, Scritti danteschi, eds. Michelangelo Picone – Johannes Bartuschat, Locarno, Dadò, 1997.
 Studi sul canone letterario del Trecento, eds. Luciano Rossi – Johannes Bartuschat, Ravenna, Longo, 2003.
 Pétrarque et le pétrarquisme (= Cahiers d'études italiennes 4), eds. Maria C. Panzera – Johannes Bartuschat, Grenoble, ELLUG, 2005 (online: https://cei.revues.org/607)
 La nouvelle italienne du Moyen Age à la Renaissance (= Cahiers d'études italiennes 6), ed. Johannes Bartuschat, Grenoble, ELLUG, 2007. (online: https://cei.revues.org/835)
 Boccace à la Renaissance: lectures, traductions, influences en Italie et en France (= Cahiers d'études italiennes 8), ed. Johannes Bartuschat, Grenoble, ELLUG, 2008 (online: https://cei.revues.org/837)
 «Le opere minori di Dante in prospettiva della Commedia» (= Letture Classensi, 38), ciclo a cura di Michelangelo Picone, volume a cura di Johannes Bartuschat, Ravenna, Longo, 2009.
 Formes et fonctions de la parodie dans les littératures médiévales, eds. Johannes Bartuschat e Carmen de Cardelle, Firenze, SISMEL Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2013.
 Il «Convivio» di Dante, eds. Johannes Bartuschat – Andrea A. Robiglio, Ravenna, Longo, 2015.
 Reto R. Bezzola, Studi danteschi, eds. Martina Albertini – Johannes Bartuschat, Locarno, Dadò, 2015.
 Dante e l'esilio (= Letture Classensi 44), ed. Johannes Bartuschat, Ravenna, Longo, 2015.
 L'esilio di Dante nella letteratura moderna e contemporanea (= Letture Classensi 45), ed. Johannes Bartuschat, Ravenna, Longo, 2016.
 Carlo Magno in Italia e la fortuna dei libri di cavalleria, eds. Johannes Bartuschat – Franca Strologo, Ravenna, Longo, 2016.
 Dante in Svizzera / Dante in der Schweiz, a cura di Johannes Bartuschat / Stefano Prandi, Ravenna, Longo, 2018.
 Archäologie der Spezialeffekte, hg. von Nicola Gess, Johannes Bartuschat, Hugues Marchal, Mireille Schnyder, Paderborn, Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2017.
 Staunen als Grenzphänomen, hg. von Nicola Gess, Johannes Bartuschat, Hugues Marchal, Mireille Schnyder, Paderborn, Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2017.
 Agostino, agostiniani e agostinismi nel Trecento italiano, a cura di Johannes Bartuschat, Elisa Brilli, Delphine Carron, Ravenna, Longo, 2018.
 La Tradition européenne du sonnet, études réunies par Patrick Labarthe et Johannes Bartuschat, Genève, Slatkine, 2019.
 Poetiken des Staunens: narratologische und dichtungstheoretische Perspektiven, hg. von Nicola Gess, Johannes Bartuschat, Hugues Marchal, Mireille Schnyder, Paderborn, Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2019.
 The Dominicans and the Making of Florentine Cultural Identity (13th-14th centuries) / I domenicani e la costruzione dell'identità culturale fiorentina (XIII-XIV secolo), a cura di Johannes Bartuschat, Elisa Brilli, Delphine Carron, Firenze, Firenze University Press, 2020(online: https://fupress.com/archivio/pdf/4131_24789.pdf).

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Literaturwissenschaftler
Romanist
Herausgeber
Hochschullehrer (Universität Zürich)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Straßburg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1966
Mann

Johannes Bartuschat


Ibirania é um gênero de dinossauro titanossauro saltassauríneo da Formação São José do Rio Preto, Cretáceo Superior (Santoniano ao Campaniano)  da Bacia Bauru, sudeste do Brasil.

A espécie-tipo é Ibirania parva, cujo nome significa "o pequeno peregrino de Ibirá".

Descoberta e batismo
O holótipo de Ibirania (LPP-PV-0200–0207), foi descoberto em camadas da Formação São José do Rio Preto na Fazenda dos Irmãos Garcia, em Vila Ventura, Município de Ibirá, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. O holótipo consiste em uma vértebra dorsal posterior, vértebras caudais parciais, um rádio e ulna fragmentados, um metacarpo parcial e um metatarso quase completo. Espécimes adicionais foram coletados na mesma camada próximos do ponto onde saiu o holótipo, incluindo vértebras cervicais, dorsais e caudais parciais, fragmentos de uma fíbula e uma fíbula quase completa.

O nome genérico "Ibirania" combina uma referência a Ibirá, município onde os espécimes foram descobertos, com " ania", uma forma modificada da palavra grega "plania" que significa "andarilho, peregrino". O nome específico, "parva", é o derivado feminino da palavra latina "parvus", que significa "pequeno", dado o nanismo visto no táxon. Visto que a palavra Ibirá é um derivado português da palavra tupi "ybyrá", que significa "árvore", o significado do nome desta espécie pode ser traduzido tanto como "pequeno andarilho de Ibirá" como "pequeno andarilho das árvores", em referência ao seu provável comportamento de forrageio.

Descrição
Ibirania foi descrito a partir de ao menos quatro indivíduos, sendo o holótipo o mais completo deles. Ambos espécimes referidos a esta espécie são representados por materiais axiais e apendiculares.

Com base nos materiais do holótipo, Ibirania parva é estimado em apenas  de comprimento, tornando-o um dos menores saurópodes conhecidos até agora. Seu esqueleto axial exibia uma pneumaticidade interna bastante acentuada, inclusive preservando resquícios de divertículos.

Análises histológicas de um dos espécimes referidos a Ibirania revelaram que o indivíduo apresentava um grave caso de osteomielite, provavelmente causada por uma infecção parasítica sanguínea.

Classificação
Ibirania era um membro derivado de Saltasaurinae, um clado conhecido por englobar alguns dos menores titanossauros conhecidos. Ibirania foi recuperado como táxon irmão do clado formado pelos saltassauríneos patagônicos Bonatitan e Rocasaurus, ambos da Formação Allen (Campaniano ao Maastrichtiano).

O cladograma abaixo mostra os resultados das análises filogenéticas realizadas por Navarro et al. (2022):

Paleoambiente

Diferente de outros saurópodes anões que viviam nos antigos arquipélagos onde hoje é a Europa, como Magyarosaurus, Lirainosaurus ou Europasaurus, Ibirania vivia no interior do Brasil, em um ambiente semiárido a árido e com períodos chuvosos intercalados por secas intensas. Nesse ambiente hostil, com recursos limitados sazonalmente, animais menores podem ter se favorecido, já que estes necessitam de menos recursos quando comparados à animais de grande porte.

Ao invés de migrar, estes titanossauros provavelmente permaneciam na região durante as secas e se especializaram em um nicho ecológico distinto de outros titanossauros. Refúgios de vegetação temporários durante estes períodos de estiagem podem ter sustentado as populações até a estação de chuvas.

Ibirania coexistiu ao lado de outros dinossauros, como o terópode abelissaurídeo Thanos simonattoi, prováveis unenlagiíneos e um megaraptorideo ainda sem nome. A fauna da região ainda contava com representantes de tartarugas podocnemidoideas, como Amabilis uchoensis, além de pequenos crocodiliformes notossúquios indeterminados.

Espécies fósseis descritas em 2022
Fósseis do Brasil
Saltasauridae
Cretáceo Superior

Ibirania


Gustav Heinrich Conz (* 26. September 1832 in Tübingen; † 20. Juni 1914 in Stuttgart) war ein deutscher Maler und Zeichner der Düsseldorfer Schule, und Zeichenlehrer.

Leben und Werk
Gustav Conz zeigte schon in früher Jugend eine Neigung zur Kunst, studierte aber Theologie. Während seines Studiums wurde er 1850 Mitglied der Burschenschaft Germania Tübingen. Als ihm eine heftige Krankheit (Typhus) die Fortsetzung des Studiums unmöglich machte, wendete sich Conz der Malerei zu und besuchte die Kunstschule in Stuttgart, wo Heinrich Funk und Bernhard Neher seine Lehrer waren. Nachdem er sich einige Jahre in München und von 1858 bis 1862 als Privatschüler Oswald Achenbachs in Düsseldorf weitergebildet hatte, ging er nach Italien und erstellte ein Jahr lang Studien in Rom und Umgebung. Am 28. Oktober 1862 wurde er dort in den Deutschen Künstlerverein eingeführt. Die meisten seiner Bilder, manchmal bloße Veduten von gewissenhafter Detailausführung, zeigen Ansichten latinischer Gegenden. Dazu gehören zum Beispiel: Küste von Terracina, Ansicht von Ariccia, Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rom, Partie bei Olevano. Conz war Mitglied des Düsseldorfer Künstlervereins Malkasten. 1865 wurde Conz Professor am Königin-Katharina-Stift in Stuttgart. Dort wurde 1872 sein Sohn Walter Conz geboren.

Veröffentlichungen
 Der Zeichenunterricht an den höheren Mädchenschulen. Stuttgart 1877.
 Lehrbuch der Perspektive. Stuttgart 1888.
 Die wichtigsten Gesetze der Perspektive in ihrer Anwendung auf das Zeichnen nach der Natur. Stuttgart 1895
 Zeichenschule. Anleitung zum Selbstunterricht mit einer Sammlung von Vorlagen.  Ravensburg 1899.

Literatur
 Conz, Gustav. In: Friedrich von Boetticher: Malerwerke des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte. Dresden 1891, Band 1, S. 177.

 Helge Dvorak: Biographisches Lexikon der Deutschen Burschenschaft. Band II: Künstler. Winter, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-8253-6813-5, S. 116–117.

Weblinks

 Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie, rkd.nl: Datenblatt Gustav Conz

Einzelnachweise

Zeichner (Deutschland)
Landschaftsmaler
Maler (Düsseldorfer Malerschule)
Maler des Realismus
Maler (Stuttgart)
Burschenschafter (19. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1832
Gestorben 1914
Mann

Gustav Conz


Le Grand Prix automobile d'Autriche 2022 (Formula 1 Grosser Preis von Österreich 2022) disputé le 10 juillet 2022 sur le circuit de Spielberg, est  la 1068 épreuve du championnat du monde de Formule 1 courue depuis 1950. Il s'agit de la trente-cinquième édition du Grand Prix d'Autriche comptant pour le championnat du monde de Formule 1 et  de la onzième manche du championnat 2022. L'épreuve se dispute pour la trente-quatrième fois depuis 1970 sur le circuit de Spielberg renommé Red Bull Ring depuis son rachat par Red Bull.

Spielberg a été, en 2020 et en 2021 le théâtre de deux courses disputées en une semaine, le Grand Prix de Styrie s'ajoutant à la manche autrichienne, ce qui n'est pas le cas cette année. La deuxième course sprint « nouvelle formule » de la saison y est organisée : à son arrivée, les huit premiers marquent des points. Désormais, la pole position est statistiquement accordée à l'auteur du meilleur temps de la dernière phase qualificative du vendredi ; le sprint détermine la grille de départ du Grand Prix.

Alors que Charles Leclerc domine les deux premières phases de la séance de qualification, Max Verstappen, dans son ultime tour lancé, obtient sa troisième pole position de la saison, la seizième de sa carrière. Le Néerlandais devance Charles Leclerc de seulement 29 millièmes de seconde. Leurs coéquipiers occupent la deuxième ligne, Carlos Sainz Jr. précédant Sergio Pérez mais celui-ci voit tous ses temps réalisés en Q2 annulés, chute à la treizième place et cède sa position à George Russell. Esteban Ocon est en troisième ligne avec Kevin Magnussen tandis que Mick Schumacher, sur l'autre Haas, est en quatrième ligne devant Fernando Alonso. Lewis Hamilton et Pierre Gasly occupent la cinquième ligne. La séance a été interrompue à deux reprises en Q3, après les sorties de piste d'Hamilton dans le virage  et de Russell dans le dernier virage.

La course sprint ne change rien à l'ordre de départ des deux premières lignes, Verstappen, Leclerc, Sainz et Russell conservant leurs positions. Pérez, parti treizième, tire son épingle du jeu en prenant la cinquième place, Ocon reculant d'une position. La quatrième ligne est constituée de Magnussen et Hamilton et la cinquième de Schumacher et Valtteri Bottas. Les grands perdants de l'exercice sont Alonso, qualifié huitième mais, non-partant, relégué en dernière position, et Gasly qui perd cinq places et s'élance quatorzième.

Grâce à une F1-75 supérieure à la RB18 tant en performance qu'en préservation des pneumatiques, et bien conseillé tactiquement par son équipe, Charles Leclerc dépasse trois fois Max Verstappen, aux douzième, trente-troisième et cinquante-troisième tours, pour remporter la cinquième victoire de sa carrière (sa première sans être parti de la pole position), sa troisième de la saison et ainsi obtenir son premier podium en cinq courses. S'il doit composer, dans les derniers tours, avec un accélérateur bloqué, il parvient à conserver un peu plus d'une seconde d'avance sur le Néerlandais en passant la ligne d'arrivée. Troisième à 41 secondes, Lewis Hamilton monte sur son troisième podium consécutif, le  de sa carrière.

Dans le premier tour, alors que Verstappen a pris les devants, Carlos Sainz redouble George Russell qui l'avait dépassé au départ ; le Britannique se retrouve aussitôt menacé par Sergio Pérez qui l'attaque à l'extérieur du virage  mais se retrouve expédié en tête-à-queue après un contact. Le Mexicain, reparti dernier, abandonnera après 24 tours tandis que Russell est pénalisé d'un  de cinq secondes. Très vite, les pneumatiques arrière de la RB18 du champion du monde se dégradent et Leclerc peut utiliser son aileron arrière mobile ; au dixième tour, il tente sa chance à l'intérieur au freinage de Remus mais son rival garde les commandes à la réaccélération ; il note toutefois à la radio :  Deux tours plus tard, Leclerc, dans un trou de souris à l'intérieur du virage , prend la tête de la course.

Verstappen s'arrête dès le treizième tour, laissant Sainz derrière son coéquipier ; il repart sixième mais ne met que quatre tours à revenir dans le trio de tête. Quand Leclerc, au vingt-sixième tour, puis Sainz une boucle plus tard, s'arrêtent, Verstappen reprend les commandes de la course. Leclerc, chaussé de neuf, comble rapidement l'écart de six secondes en améliorant plusieurs fois le record du tour et, au trente-troisième passage, dépasse facilement son rival au freinage du virage . Verstappen procède à son deuxième arrêt au trente-septième tour et repart troisième.

Leclerc, mène confortablement l'épreuve lorsqu'il s'arrête, au cinquantième tour ; il est imité par son coéquipier au tour suivant. Il ne met que deux boucles à revenir sur Verstappen et, au cinquante-troisième passage, le dépasse pour la troisième fois, à l'intérieur du virage  puis file vers la victoire. Sainz, victime d'une casse moteur, provoque une procédure de voiture de sécurité virtuelle au cinquante-huitième tour. En fin de course, le Monégasque est aux prises avec son accélérateur bloqué en position ouverte, mais conserve une seconde d'avance sur la ligne d'arrivée. Hamilton termine isolé à la troisième place, suivi par son coéquipier Russell à près d'une minute, puis par Ocon. Tous les autres pilotes sont relégués à un tour, à commencer par Mick Schumacher (dont la sixième place est son meilleur résultat) qui termine devant Norris, Magnussen, Ricciardo et Alonso qui prend le dernier point en jeu.

Au championnat du monde, Verstappen (208 points) a désormais 38 unités d'avance sur Leclerc (170 points). Pérez (151 points), devance  Sainz (133 points), Russell (128 points), Hamilton (109 points) et, plus loin, Norris septième (64 points) suivi par Ocon (52 points), Bottas (46 points) et Alonso, dixième avec 29 points. Red Bull Racing (359 points) est en tête du championnat des constructeurs, devant Ferrari (303 points) et Mercedes (237 points). Alpine (81 points) est quatrième à égalité de point avec McLaren ; suivent Alfa Romeo (51 points), Haas (34 points), AlphaTauri (27 points), Aston Martin (18 points) et Williams (3 points).

Pneus disponibles

Essais libres et qualifications

Première séance d'essais libres, le vendredi de 13 h 30 à 14 h 30

 La séance est interrompue au drapeau rouge une première fois à cause d'un début d'incendie sur la McLaren MCL36 de Lando Norris. À vingt minutes du terme, la session est interrompue une seconde fois à cause de débris au virage .

Séance de qualifications, le vendredi de 17 h à 18 h

Deuxième séance d'essais libres, le samedi de 12 h 30 à 13 h 30

Sprint

Résultats du Sprint, le samedi de 16 h 30 à 17 h 30
Les huit premiers marquent des points. Le sprint se déroule sur 23 tours au lieu des 24 initiaux à la suite d'un problème de boîte de vitesses sur la monoplace de Zhou Guanyu lors du tour de formation, l'obligeant à partir depuis la voie des stands et déclenchant un second tour de formation. Fernando Alonso n'a pas pris le départ de l'épreuve, un problème électrique touchant sa monoplace le bloquant sur la grille de départ lors du premier tour de formation.

Grille de départ
 Valtteri Bottas, auteur du treizième temps des qualifications et dixième de la course sprint du samedi, a été pénalisé d'un départ en fond de grille du Grand Prix d'Autriche ; en effet, le Finlandais est équipé d'une unité de puissance quasiment intégralement renouvelée, hors-quota, ce weekend. Son bloc Ferrari est constitué d'un nouveau moteur à combustion interne, d'un nouveau turbocompresseur, d'un nouvel MGU-H, d'un nouvel MGU-K et d'une nouvelle unité de contrôle électronique ; seules les batteries n'ont pas été remplacées. De nouvelles modifications ayant été apportés sur sa monoplace lors du parc fermé, il 'élance finalement depuis la voie des stands ;
 Fernando Alonso, auteur du huitième temps des qualifications et dix-neuvième de la course sprint du samedi, est pénalisé d'un renvoi en fond de grille en raison d'un changement complet de groupe motopropulseur (cinquième moteur à combustion interne, cinquième turbocompresseur, cinquième MGU-K, cinquième MGU-H et quatrième centrale électrique, dépassant le quota autorisé pour ces pièces) ; cette pénalité est sans conséquence pour le pilote espagnol, placé dix-neuvième sur la grille de départ à la suite de son non-départ de la course sprint.

Course

Classement de la course

Pole position et record du tour
À la différence de l'année précédente, la pole position est désormais statistiquement accordée à l'auteur du meilleur temps lors de la dernière phase des qualifications du vendredi ; la course sprint détermine toutefois la grille de départ de la course.
 Pole position :  Max Verstappen (Red Bull) en 1 min 04 s 984 ().
 Vainqueur du Sprint :  Max Verstappen (Red Bull) en 26 min 30 s 059 ().
 Meilleur tour en course :  Max Verstappen (Red Bull) en 1 min 07 s 275 () au soixante-deuxième tour ; deuxième de la course, il remporte le point bonus associé au meilleur tour en course.

Tours en tête
  Max Verstappen (Red Bull) : 18 tours (1-11 / 28-32 / 51-52)
  Charles Leclerc (Ferrari) : 51 tours (12-26 / 33-49 / 53-71)
  Carlos Sainz Jr. (Ferrari) : 2 tours (27 / 50)

Classements généraux à l'issue de la course

Statistiques

Le Grand Prix d'Autriche 2022 représente :
 la  pole position de Max Verstappen, sa troisième de la saison ;
 la  victoire de Charles Leclerc, sa troisième de la saison ;
 la  victoire pour Ferrari en tant que constructeur ;
 la  victoire pour Ferrari en tant que motoriste ;
 le  podium de Lewis Hamilton. Soit autant de podiums que Alain Prost (106) et Ayrton Senna (80) réunis.
 le  Grand Prix d'Esteban Ocon ;

Au cours de ce Grand Prix :
 Charles Leclerc passe la barre des  inscrits en Formule 1 () ;
 Charles Leclerc remporte sa première victoire sans s'être élancé depuis la pole position ;
 Mick Schumacher est élu « Pilote du jour » à l'issue d'un vote organisé sur le site officiel de la Formule 1 ;
 Enrique Bernoldi (28 Grands Prix disputés entre 2001 et 2002 avec Arrows) est nommé conseiller par la FIA pour aider dans leurs jugements le groupe des commissaires de course.

Notes et références

Lien externe

2022
Sport en Autriche en 2022
Autriche
Sport en juillet 2022

Grand Prix automobile d'Autriche 2022


Licancabur, 5.920 m yüksekliğinde sönmüş bir volkan. Bolivya-Şili sınırında Laguna Verde gölü yakınlarında bulunup, Atacama Çölü üzerinde yükselir. Kraterinin içinde Dünya'nın en yüksekteki gölü bulunur. Dış sıcaklık -30 °C dereceyi bulsa da gölde, çok sayıda canlı mevcuttur.

Dağa en yakın yerleşim yeri San Pedro de Atacama köyüdür. Dağın hemen yanında, çok günlü turlarla Bolivya şehri Uyuni ve Salar de Uyuni'ne giderken bağlantılı olarak ziyaret edilen  ünlü Laguna Verde bulunur. Bolivya tarafındaki zirve (Şili'deki tarafın aksine) normalde buzsuzdur.

Zirveye giden en kolay yol, Bolivya tarafında bulunan  Laguna Verde'den başlar. Şili tarafından tırmanış, buradaki arazi mayınlı olduğundan şu an imkânsızdır. Zirveye tırmanışın kendisi, yumuşak volkan kumu, keskin kenarlı çakıl taşları ve yüksek irtifa sebebiyle çok zahmetlidir. Hem normal yol boyunca hem de hemen zirvede İnka zamanından kalma kalıntılar bulunur. San Pedro de Atacama (Şili) ve Uyuni'den (Bolivya) turizm büroları, zirveye turlar düzenlerler.

Dış bağlantılar
 Licancabur 2003

Kaynakça

Andlar
Bolivya'daki yanardağlar
Şili'deki stratovolkanlar
Bolivya-Şili sınırı
Güney Amerika'daki uluslararası dağlar
Beşbinlikler

Licancabur


Francisco Aguabella (Matanzas, Cuba, 10 de octubre de 1925 – Los Ángeles, California, 7 de mayo de 2010) fue un percusionista cubano de jazz latino, música afrocubana y rock latino.

Historial
Aguabella dejó Cuba, a mediados de la década de 1950, para actuar con Katherine Dunham en la película de Shelley Winters Mambo, rodada en Italia. Después de una gira de conciertos con Katherine Dunham, se trasladó a Estados Unidos, para tocar con Peggy Lee, durante siete años. Aguabella formó parte del grupos de percusionistas cubanos que se asentaron en la escena norteamericana del jazz, en los años 1940-50, entre los que estaban Chano Pozo, Mongo Santamaria, Armando Peraza, Julito Collazo, Carlos Vidal Bolado y Modesto Durán. a lo largo de su carrera, Aguabella actuó en Europa, Australia, América del Sur y EE. UU. (incluida la Casa Blanca), realizando un gran número de grabaciones con distintos músicos..

Entre otros músicos de jazz, Aguabella trabajó con Dizzy Gillespie, Tito Puente, Mongo Santamaria, Frank Sinatra, Eddie Palmieri, Cachao, Lalo Schifrin, Cal Tjader, Nancy Wilson, Poncho Sánchez o Bebo Valdes. Protagonizó dos documentales, "Sworn to the Drum" del cineasta Les Blank, y  "Aguabella" del actordirector Orestes Matacena (The Mask, Bitter Sugar). También ha sido habitual, junto con su banda, en programas de televisión (The Orlando Jones Show, en FX TV, por ejemplo).

En los años 1970, formó parte, primero de la banda de rock latino Santana (1969-1971), y a partir de 1973,  del grupo de jazz rock, Malo, liderado por Jorge Santana. Su especialidad fueron las congas y los tambores Batá, desarrollando además una importante labor docente.  En 1992, ganó el National Heritage Fellowship de la National Endowment for the Arts.  Se instaló en Los Ángeles, California, dando clases para especialistas en la UCLA.

Falleció en 2010, de cáncer.

Discografía seleccionada

Como líder
1962: " Dance The Latin Way
1977: Hitting Hard (Epsilon)
1993: Oriza: Santería, Religión Afrocubana (Cubop/Ubiquity Records)
1999: Agua de Cuba (Cubop)
1999: H2O  (Cubop)
2002: Cubacan  (Cubop)
2002: Cantos a los Orishas (Pimienta Records)
2004: Ochimini  (Cubop)

Como colaborador
Con The Doors
 Other Voices (1971)
Con Paul Simon
The Rhythm of the Saints (1990)

Filmografía
1954 — Mambo
1985 — Sworn to the Drum: A Tribute to Francisco Aguabella (dirigido por Les Blank)

Referencias

Este artículo está tomado, en su versión inicial, de Wikipedia en inglés

Percusionistas de jazz
Músicos de jazz de Cuba
Músicos de jazz latino
Músicos de jazz afrocubano
Congueros

Francisco Aguabella


Neden şu anlamlara gelebilir:

Müzik
 Neden (Candan Erçetin albümü), 2002 çıkışlı bir albüm
 Neden (İbrahim Tatlıses albümü), 2008 çıkışlı bir albüm

Televizyon
 Neden?, Türk gazeteci Can Dündar'ın hazırlayıp sunduğu tartışma programı

Neden


Nâzi'åt Sûresi (Arapça: سورة النازعات), Kur'an'ın 79. suresidir. Sure 46 ayetten oluşur.

Mekke'de Nebe' Suresi'nden sonra indirildiğine inanılmaktadır. Sure, ismini ilk ayette geçen ve çekip ya da söküp çıkaranlar anlamına gelen naziat kelimesinden alır.

Nâzi'åt Sûresi Kıyamet Günü'nden, öldükten sonra dirilmeyi inkâr edenlerden, Allah'ın kudretinden, Allah'ın emirlerine uyanların Cennet'e gideceklerinden bahseder.

Kaynakça

Sureler

Nazi'at Suresi


Abdülhamid Hamdi, (1871, Diyarbakır - 14 Mayıs 1928), Türk siyasetçi.

Medrese mezunudur. Bürhanı Terakki İbtidaî Mektebi Başöğretmenliği, Askerî Rüştiye Farsça Öğretmenliği, İdadi Türkçe Öğretmenliği, Şer'iye Mahkemesi Başkâtipliği, Kadı Vekilliği, Sultânî ve Din Dersleri, Arapça, Farsça, Edebiyat, Felsefe ve Türkçe Öğretmenlikleri, Numune Mektebi Müdür Vekilliği, TBMM I.Dönem Diyarbakır Milletvekilliği yapmıştır. Evli ve altı çocuk babasıdır.

Kaynakça

İstiklâl mahkemeleri üyeleri
1871 doğumlular
1928 yılında ölenler
Diyarbakır doğumlu siyasetçiler
TBMM 1. dönem Diyarbakır milletvekilleri
20. yüzyıl Osmanlı siyasetçileri
Türk öğretmenler

Abdulhamit Çintan


Sandim, Portekiz'deki Vila Nova de Gaia belediyesine bağlı, 15,97 km² yüzölçümüne sahip ve 6.326 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Vila Nova de Gaia'nın bucakları

Sandim


Memória de Helena é um filme de drama brasileiro de 1969 dirigido por David Neves, baseado no romance Minha Vida de Menina (1942) de Helena Morley.

Elenco

Prêmios
1969: Festival de Cinema de Brasília
 Melhor Filme (ganhou)
 Melhor Diretor (David Neves) (venceu)
 Melhor Cinemarografia (David Drew Zingg) (ganhou)

Filmes do Brasil de 1969
Filmes de drama do Brasil
Filmes de drama da década de 1960
Filmes em língua portuguesa

Memória de Helena


Laketon Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Laketon Township (Michigan)
 Laketon Township (South Dakota)

Siehe auch:
 Laketown Township

Laketon Township


Turcifal Portekiz'de Torres Vedras belediyesine bağlı olan, 24,51 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 3.008 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Torres Vedras

Turcifal


Sarah Engell (født 24. marts 1979 i Tårnby) er en dansk forfatter. Hun er uddannet som pædagog fra Københavns Pædagogseminarium, optaget på Forfatterskolen for Børnelitteratur i 2014.

Litteraturpriser
 Carlsen-prisen, 2017
 Blixen-prisen, 2018
 Claus Deleuran Prisen, 2019

Inspiration

Ole Lund Kirkegaard, Elfriede Jelinek, Kirsten Hammann, Kim Fupz Aakeson og Haruki Murakami.

Bibliografi
 Hvis bare, 2009
 Forbandede mødom, 2011
 To streger og tusind tanker, 2011
 Forpulede ungdom, 2012
 21 måder at dø på, 2014
 Du og jeg for evigt, 2015
 Det stof som drømme er gjort af, 2015
 Benny Beton, 2015
 Hjertet er 1 organ, 2016
 Valget, 2017
 Mowgli, 2018 (i samarbejde med Cato Thaw-Jensen)
 Fuglemanden, 2018 ((i samarbejde med Lillian Brøgger)
 Tag gaden tilbage, 2019 ((i samarbejde med Sanne Munk Jensen)
 Det øjeblik du tvivler, 2020
 Skoven, 2022

plus novellebidrag til flere antologier.

Referencer

Dansksprogede forfattere fra Danmark
Børnebogsforfattere fra Danmark

Sarah Engell


Vedrana Rudan (Opatija, 29. listopada 1949.) hrvatska je književnica i novinarka.

Životopis
Završila je hrvatski i njemački jezik na Pedagoškoj akademiji u Rijeci. Bila je učiteljica, turistički vodič, prodavala je sladoled, radila je kao novinarka za više hrvatskih novina. Radila je kao urednica na Hrvatskome radiju i bila voditeljica televizijske emisije. 1991. dobila je otkaz. Prvostupanjskom sudskom presudom 1993. vraćena je na posao, ali je uskoro sama dala otkaz. U siječnju 2009. dobila je otkaz na Novoj TV.

Piše kratkim i britkim stilom. Kritičari joj zamjeraju vulgarnost. Članica je Hrvatskog društva pisaca.

Objavila je djela koje su prevedena na: engleski, mađarski, slovenski, poljski, francuski, talijanski, ruski i makedonski jezik. U Rusiji joj je prevedeno nekoliko knjiga, a u Americi nekoliko priča i knjiga. Kazališne predstave dramatizirane prema njezinim knjigama igrane su u: Rijeci, Zagrebu, Beogradu, Varšavi, Londonu, Santa Monici, Budimpešti.

Živi u Rijeci.

Stavovi
Pojedini mediji optužuju Vedranu Rudan za antisemitizam. U svojoj kolumni u Nacionalu napisala je kako hrvatski Židovi hrvatske nacionaliste etiketiraju kao fašiste, a istodobno podržavaju one koji imaju bliske veze s Izraelom. Rudan je 2009. na Dan sjećanja na holokaust na Novoj TV usporedila stanje u Gazi s holokaustom. Zbog toga je prekinuta njezina suradnja s Novom TV, a Rudan je ustvrdila da je razlog tomu članstvo vlasnika Nove TV u Svjetskom židovskom kongresu.

Više je puta u svojim javnim nastupima Katoličku Crkvu nazvala "zločinačkom organizacijom".

Nerijetko u svojim kolumnama i pojavljivanjima u medijima optužuje SAD za poticanje ratnih sukoba i nemira na svjetskoj razini. Iznimno kritički se postavlja prema ulozi Baracka Obame i Joe Bidena u ratnim previranjima. Drukčije mišljenje ima o bivšem predsjedniku Donaldu Trumpu za kojeg nije skrivala javne simpatije, ističući da njegova vladavina nije bila "ogrnuta demokratskim fašizmom" kao što je to bio slučaj kod njegovih prethodnika i nasljednika.

Pisala je i o invaziji Rusije na Ukrajinu 2022. Smatra da se ne radi o ratu između Rusije i Ukrajine, već Rusije i SAD-a. Drži da je odgovornost i krivnja SAD-a znatno veća od ruske te Vladimira Putina ne smatra pokretačem rata. U kolumni Zimmer frei optužuje ukrajinskog predsjednika Volodimira Zelenskog, da je "licemjer" jer navodno iznajmljuje vile u inozemstvu ruskim državljanima.

Između ostalog, Rudan se protivi posvajanju djece iz siromašnih (afričkih) zemalja, navodeći da to "najčešće jest kriminal i svi to znamo". U kolumni Pošto crna beba?, koju je objavila u siječnju 2023., kritizirala je skupinu hrvatskih građana, inače blisku lijevoj političkoj stranci Možemo!, koju je uslijed pokušaja posvajanja djece iz DR Konga pritvorila zambijska vlast, i to zbog sumnje u trgovinu ljudima. Njihov čin, kao i slične činove, Rudan povezuje s rasizmom, robovlasništvom, bjelačkom nadmoći, lažnom humanosti i sl.

Djela

 Uho, grlo, nož (Zagreb, 2002.)
 Ljubav na posljednji pogled (Zagreb, 2003.)
 Ja, nevjernica (Zagreb, 2005.)
 Crnci u Firenci (Zagreb, 2006.)
 Kad je žena kurva, kad je muškarac peder (Zagreb, 2008.)
 Strah od pletenja (Zagreb, 2009.)
 Dabogda te majka rodila (Zagreb, 2010.)
 Kosturi okruga Madison (Zagreb, 2012.)
 U zemlji krvi i idiota (Zagreb, 2013.)
 Amaruši (Zagreb, 2013.)
 Zašto psujem (Beograd, 2015.)
 Muškarac u grlu (Beograd, 2016.)
 Život bez krpelja (Beograd, 2018.)
 Ples oko sunca: autobiografija (Beograd, 2019.)
 Dnevnik bijesne domaćice: predgovor novom izdanju (Beograd, 2020.)
 Puding od vanilije (Beograd, 2021.)
 Doživotna robija (Beograd, 2022.)
 Besplatna dostava (Beograd, 2023.)

Izvori

Vanjske povezice
 Mrežnik (rudan.info)
 Popis objavljenih tekstova u Nacionalu
 Uživam dva ugleda - interview ("Politika", 18. prosinca 2011)
 Vedrana Rudan: Sita sam mržnje koja me okružuje ("Večernje novosti", 30. kolovoza 2015)

Hrvatski novinari
Hrvatski književnici
Životopisi, Opatija

Vedrana Rudan


La Cour de Répression des Infractions économiques et du Terrorisme en abrégé CRIET est un instrument juridique crée conformément à la loi n° 2018-13 du 2 juillet 2018 relative à la Cour de répression des infractions économiques et du terrorisme pour poursuivre la lutte contre la corruption au Bénin.

Attributions
Les infractions relevant du domaine des infractions économiques sont régies par plusieurs lois, et comprennent notamment : l'abus de fonctions, l'abus de confiance, l'enrichissement illicite, le délit d'initié, la corruption des agents publics nationaux et internationaux, ainsi que la corruption dans la passation des marchés publics et dans le secteur privé

Compétences matérielles
La CRIET est chargée de la répression du crime de terrorisme, des délits ou crimes à caractère économique tels que prévus par la législation pénale en vigueur ainsi que la répression du trafic de stupéfiants et des infractions connexes.

Missions

Fonctionnement

Notes et références

Articles connexes

Liens externes

Politique au Bénin
Droit au Bénin


Noel Peter McLoughlin (* 15. September 1929 in Melbourne; † 19. Dezember 2017 in Melbourne) war ein australischer Eishockeytorwart.

Karriere
Noel McLoughlin nahm für die australische Nationalmannschaft an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1960 in Squaw Valley teil. Mit seinem Team belegte er den neunten und somit letzten Platz. Er selbst kam im Turnierverlauf zu drei Einsätzen. Auf Vereinsebene spielte er für den Demons Ice Hockey Club in Melbourne.

Weblinks

Eishockeynationaltorwart (Australien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Australien)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1960
Australier
Geboren 1929
Gestorben 2017
Mann

Noel McLoughlin (Eishockeyspieler)


Le dème d'Olénie, en  / Dímos Olenías, est un ancien dème du district régional d'Achaïe, en Grèce-Occidentale. Depuis  2010, il est fusionné au sein du dème d'Achaïe-Occidentale.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte .

La localité tire son nom de la cité antique d'Olénos.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Dème en Grèce-Occidentale
Ancien dème en Grèce

Dème d'Olénie


Heartthrob conocido en América Latina como Los Latidos del Corazón y en España bajo la traducción de El amor es el primer episodio de la tercera temporada de la serie de televisión estadounidense Ángel. Escrito y dirigido por David Greenwalt. Se estrenó originalmente el 24 de septiembre de 2001, dos semanas después de los Atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001.

En este episodio Ángel trata de recuperarse de la muerte de Buffy, mientras lidia con James un vampiro sediento de venganza que busca vengar la muerte de su novia que el vampiro con alma mató recientemente.

Argumento
Wesley, Gunn y Cordelia llegan al Hyperion luego de una batalla contra unos demonios discutiendo sobre los desacuerdos de su trabajo, de Fred y del retiro de su jefe a Sri Lanka para poder superar la tragedia de perder a Buffy. En Sri Lanka, Ángel derrota a unos demonios monjes en un templo.

Al día siguiente Ángel regresa al Hyperion y le trae regalos a todos sus empleados. Cordelia tiene una violenta visión de unos vampiros matando a unos muchachos en una fiesta y llevándose a otros como rehenes. Ángel, Wesley y Gunn van a enfrentarse a los vampiros, pero llegan tarde. Ángel usa sus instintos para rastrear a los vampiros y consigue detener el vehículo donde se encontraban escapando. Durante la batalla Ángel mata a una vampiresa que al parecer conocía a Ángel y este la reconoce como Elizabeth tras arrebatarle su collar.

Ángel entonces les cuenta a sus empleados que en Francia en 1767, él y Darla alguna vez tuvieron como compañeros a James y a Elizabeth, una pareja de vampiros "enamorados". Mientras escapan del cazavampiros Holtz, antes de separarse de las mujeres para cubrir más terreno, James roba un collar de una tienda y se lo entrega a su amada. Antes de que los vampiros varones puedan continuar su viaje solos, son interceptados por Holtz y sus hombres.

En el presente, Ángel se niega a seguir contando el resto de la historia, pues está convencido de que James pronto buscará venganza por lo de Elizabeth. En otra parte de Los Ángeles, James se entera de la muerte de su amada, mata al vampiro que se lo contó y recurre a la ayuda de un misterioso doctor demonio llamado Gregson. James le pide la "cura" del vampirismo aceptando las posibles e irrevocables consecuencias de sus decisiones. En Caritas, Wesley y Gunn recurren a Merl para pedirle información sobre James, Merl les dice que James esta en la ciudad y que ha visto al Dr. Gregson.

En el Hyperion, Ángel trata de deshacerse de Cordelia, preocupado por su seguridad. Pero esta le exige que le cuente que pasó con Holtz: De nuevo en Francia, Ángelus, aún molesto por la vez que Darla lo abandonó para salvar su propia vida en la granja en llamas y buscando vengarse, le comenta la ubicación de la misma, a pesar de las quejas de James ya que Elizabeth se encontraba con Darla. Los dos vampiros comienzan a pelear y aprovechan la ocasión para distraer a Holtz y escapar. Una vez que se detienen en un callejón, James se va a buscar a Elizabeth.

Ángel se muestra muy preocupado por la seguridad de Cordelia y le exhorta que se vaya a su hogar mientras sea de día cuando al hotel llega James y comienza a pelear contra Ángel. Después de una dura batalla, Ángel estaca a James, pero este último se regenera y aún con luz del sol no muere. Ángel y Cordelia se ven obligados a huir por las alcantarillas. Mientras se esconden, Cordelia recibe una llamada de Wesley, quien le informa que James es invencible porque se removió el corazón, pero que el efecto es tan solo temporal. Antes de poder explicar cuanto tiempo dura, la llamada se interrumpe y los dos son encontrados por James, quien los persigue hasta un metro subterráneo.

Creyendo estar a salvo, Ángel y Cordelia vuelven a ser atacados por James en el interior del metro donde trata de matar a Cordelia, creyendo que es la mujer que ama. Ángel pelea contra el y le explica que la chica que amaba está muerta. James no le cree, argumentando que de ser así, el hubiera buscado morir también y se convierte en cenizas. De regreso en el Hyperion Ángel le comenta a Cordelia que lo que James dijo es cierto y cree que está traicionando a Buffy al no querer alcanzarla en la muerte. Cordelia lo apacigua exclamando que él la está honrando.

En un bar en Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua, un hombre se reúne con Darla dándole una información sobre un shaman y después trata de coquetearle, llamándola una mujer de dos sorpresas. Darla mata al hombre mostrándole su sorpresa número uno como una vampiresa, y se retira del bar revelando su sorpresa número dos: está embarazada.

Producción
La WB Network comenzó a transmitir la serie en formato Letterbox desde este episodio. El diseñador de producción Start Blatt comento que el templo de Sri Lanka fue uno de los set más divertidos que construyeron ese año.

Continuidad
 Aunque no se confirmó nada al respecto, este episodio podría tener un pequeño Crossover con la quinta temporada y sexta de Buffy, al presentar a Ángel sufriendo por la muerte de Buffy y creyendo que es un hecho permanente.
 Darla revela estar embarazada en América central.
 Daniel Holtz por fin aparece en la serie, aunque solo en un flashback antes de convertirse en el principal antagonista de la temporada.
 Merl menciona los abusos físicos que sufre cuando Ángel está cerca (Blood Money).

Recepción
Julie Benz comento que "el embarazo fue el momento más emocionante de tanto de su personaje Darla como el de su carrera". "Descubrí que fue el momento más 'wow!' que tuve con ella. Siempre bromeábamos que podría embarazarse, pero siempre fue broma!"

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Episodios de la tercera temporada de Angel

Heartthrob


A 15.ª etapa do Tour de France de 2022 teve lugar a 17 de julho de 2022 entre Rodez e Carcassona sobre um percurso de 202,5 km. O vencedor foi o belga Jasper Philipsen do Alpecin-Deceuninck e o dinamarquês Jonas Vingegaard manteve a liderança antes da última jornada de descanso.

Classificação da etapa

Classificações ao final da etapa

Classificação geral (Maillot Jaune)

Classificação por pontos (Maillot Vert)

Classificação da montanha (Maillot à Pois Rouges)

Classificação do melhor jovem (Maillot Blanc)

Classificação por equipas (Classement par Équipe)

Abandonos
Primož Roglič, com moléstias depois de sua queda na 5.ª etapa, e Magnus Cort e Simon Clarke, ambos por positivo em COVID-19, não tomaram a saída. Por sua vez, Steven Kruijswijk não completou a etapa depois de sofrer uma queda e Michael Mørkøv chegou fora de controle.

Referências

Ligações externas

 Página oficial

Etapas do Tour de France de 2022

15.ª etapa do Tour de France de 2022


Dragan Veselić (Zadar, 1965.) je hrvatski kazališni, filmski i televizijski glumac te član ansamlba Kazališta lutaka Zadar.

Filmografija

Televizijske uloge
 "Nestali" kao konobar (2021.)
 "Blago nama" (2021.)
 "Drugo ime ljubavi" kao Miro Milas (2019. – 2020.)
 "Pogrešan čovjek" kao ribar (2018.)
 "Larin izbor" kao policajac Boško (2011. – 2012.)
 "Zabranjena ljubav" kao Krešo Krpan (2006.)

Filmske uloge
 "Milijun" (kratki film) kao chef (2016.)
 "Mali div" kao trener (2013.)
 "Larin izbor: Izgubljeni princ" kao lokalni žandar (2012.)

Ostalo
 "Međunarodni dječji festival u Šibeniku": "Čarobnjak iz Oza" kao ujak Henry i čuvar vrata (2016.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Dnevnik.hr

Hrvatski filmski glumci
Hrvatski kazališni glumci
Lutkarstvo

Dragan Veselić


Elena Conti (née le 14 février 1967 à Varèse, en Italie) est une biochimiste et biologiste moléculaire italienne. Elle est directrice et membre scientifique de l'Institut Max Planck de biochimie à Martinsried, en Allemagne, où elle utilise la biologie structurale et des techniques biophysiques pour étudier le transport et le métabolisme de l'ARN. Avec Elisa Izaurralde, elle a aidé à caractériser les protéines importantes pour l'exportation de l'ARNm hors du noyau cellulaire.

Elle est reconnue internationalement pour ses travaux de recherche sur la dégradation, la surveillance et le transport de l'acide ribonucléique (ARN).

Biographie

Enfance et éducation
Elena Conti naît le 14 février 1967 à Varèse, en Italie.

Après son diplôme en chimie à l'Université de Pavie en 1991, Elena Conti obtient un doctorat en cristallographie des protéines de la faculté des sciences physiques de l'Imperial College de Londres en 1996, avec une thèse sur la structure cristalline de la luciférase de luciole. De 1997 à 1999, elle effectue un postdoctorat à l'Université Rockefeller de New York, aux États-Unis ; son conseiller postdoctoral étant John Kuriyan.

Carrière
Elle travaille comme chef de groupe au Laboratoire européen de biologie moléculaire (, ou EMBL) à Heidelberg, en Allemagne, de 1999 à janvier 2006 (ou 2007), puis elle devient directrice et membre scientifique de l'Institut Max Planck de biochimie à Martinsried, en Allemagne, dans le département de biologie cellulaire structurale. Ses recherches portent sur la régulation de l'expression des gènes dans les cellules eucaryotes, en essayant notamment de découvrir le mécanisme derrière la reconnaissance, le métabolisme et la dégradation de l'ARN, qui est couplé à la machinerie de traduction.

Elle est également professeure honoraire à l'Université Ludwig Maximilian de Munich, en Allemagne, depuis 2007.

Travaux

Ses travaux portent notamment sur la biologie structurale, la biochimie, le métabolisme de l'ARN et les interactions ARN-protéines.

Au sein du département «  » (biologie structurale de la cellule) de l'Institut Max Planck de biochimie, son équipe mène des recherches sur les mécanismes de contrôle cellulaire destinés à contrôler et éliminer les molécules d'ARN devenues inutiles ou celles qui ne sont pas conformes à ce qu'elles devraient être en référence à l'acide désoxyribonucléique (ADN).

Hommages

Récompenses et honneurs scientifiques
Elena Conti est reconnue pour ses travaux de recherche sur la dégradation, la surveillance et le transport de l'acide ribonucléique (ARN).
 En 2005, Elena Conti reçoit le prix ELSO Early Carrer Award de l'Organisation européenne des sciences de la vie (, ou ELSO).
 En 2007, elle reçoit le FEBS Anniversary Award.
 En 2008, Elena Conti reçoit le prix Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz — prix le plus prestigieux décerné aux chercheurs en Allemagne —, qu'elle partage avec Elisa Izaurralde, décerné pour « de nouvelles connaissances fondamentales sur le transport intracellulaire de l'ARN et le métabolisme de l'ARN ».
 En 2011, elle reçoit la médaille Sir Hans Adolf Krebs de la Fédération des sociétés biochimiques européennes (, ou FEBS).
 En 2014, elle reçoit le Prix Louis-Jeantet de médecine pour ses importantes contributions à la compréhension des mécanismes régissant la qualité, le transport et la dégradation des ARN.
 En 2018, elle reçoit la médaille Bijvoet du Centre Bijvoet de recherche biomoléculaire de l'Université d'Utrecht.

De 2009 à 2011, elle est élue parmi les directeurs de la Société de l'ARN (RNA Society). Elle est aussi membre élue, depuis 2009, de l'Organisation européenne de biologie moléculaire (European Molecular Biology Organization ou EMBO) et de l'Académie des Sciences Léopoldine allemande. Elle devient aussi membre ordinaire de lAcademia Europaea en 2014. En 2021, elle est élue membre de la Royal Society de Londres.

Distinctions
 En 2010, elle est décorée chevalier ordinaire de l'Ordre du Mérite de la République italienne.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Femme biochimiste
Personnalité liée à Varèse
Lauréat du prix Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz
Femme scientifique du XXIe siècle
Biologiste italien du XXe siècle
Biologiste italien du XXIe siècle
Biologiste moléculaire
Naissance en février 1967

Elena Conti


Evros () is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of East Macedonia and Thrace. Its name is derived from the river Evros, which appears to have been a Thracian hydronym. Evros is the northernmost regional unit. It borders Turkey to the east, across the river Evros, and it borders Bulgaria to the north and the northwest.

Its capital is Alexandroupolis. Together with the regional units Rhodope and Xanthi, it forms the geographical region of Western Thrace. The population density was 34.77 per km2 (2011).

Geography

Evros is one of the largest regional units of Greece. It forms the eastern part of the geographical region Western Thrace, and includes the island Samothrace in the northern Aegean Sea. Its length is about 150 km from north to south (excluding Samothrace). Its width ranges from 70 to 100 km from east to west. The most important rivers are the Evros and its tributary Arda.

The Rhodope Mountains lie in the west and the southwest. The Aegean Sea lies to the south. The Evros valley is flat. Samothrace is mountainous.

The coastal area has a predominantly Mediterranean climate, whereas the northern part and the mountains have a colder continental climate.

Administration

The Evros regional unit is subdivided into 5 municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox):
Alexandroupolis (1)
Didymoteicho (2)
Orestiada (3)
Samothrace (Samothraki, 4)
Soufli (5)

Prefecture

Evros was established as a prefecture in 1930 (), when the former Thrace Prefecture was divided into the Rhodope and Evros prefectures. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the prefecture was transformed into a regional unit within the East Macedonia and Thrace region, with no change in its boundaries. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below.

Provinces

Province of Orestiada - Orestiada
Province of Didymoteicho - Didymoteicho
Province of Soufli - Soufli
Province of Alexandroupolis - Alexandroupolis
Province of Samothrace - Samothrace
Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece.

History
As a part of Western Thrace, the territory of the Evros regional unit followed the fate of that region. In 1821, several parts of Evros region rebelled, such as Lavara and Samothraki, and participated in the Greek War of Independence. It became part of Greece in 1920 when it was ceded by Bulgaria as a result of the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine. Initially it was part of the Thrace Prefecture, which was subdivided in 1930.

During the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), many Greek refugees settled in the Evros. New towns were built, including Orestiada. The Evros river valley has flooded several times, with the most recent floods taking place in 2005, 2006, 2014 and in 2021 where the multiple and largest floods took place.

Transport

The main roads in the Evros regional unit are:
Egnatia Odos/E90 motorway (... Komotini - Alexandroupolis - İpsala (Turkey))
Greek National Road 2 (... Komotini - Alexandroupolis - Feres)
Greek National Road 51/E85 (Svilengrad (Bulgaria) - Orestiada - Didymoteicho - Feres)
Greek National Road 53 (Ormenio - Metaxades - Aisymi - Alexandroupolis)

A railway line connects Alexandroupolis with Thessaloniki via Komotini, Xanthi and Drama. Another line connects Alexandroupolis with Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria via Didymoteicho and Orestiada, with a branch line from Didymoteicho to Uzunköprü, Turkey.

The Alexandroupolis International Airport is served by mostly national flights.

Sights
The most important sights of the prefecture are:

 Church of Theotokos Kosmosoteira. The church was founded in 1152. It is considered one of the best examples of Byzantine art in Greece.
 Samothrace with the Sanctuary of the Great Gods and its Archaeological Museum.
 Evros Delta National Park
 Lighthouse of Alexandroupolis
 The post-Byzantine churches in the villages of Alepochori (Church of Saint Athanasius), Metaxades (Church of Saint Athanasius) and Paliouri (Church of Saint Pantaleon)
 The ancient Mesimvria-Zoni
 Dadia Forest
 Fossilized Forest of Lefkimmi
 Cyclops Polyphemus Cave in Makri
 Burial Tomb of Mikri Doxipara: Roman Tomb which dates from the 2nd century
 Didymoteicho
Byzantine Castle
 Çelebi Sultan Mehmed Mosque
 Hamam of Oruç Paşa
 Türbe of Oruç Pasha
 the Kayali Cave and the Vouva Cave
 Castle of Pythio
 The thermal baths of Traianoupoli
 Castle of Avanta-Potamos
 The Ethnological Museum of Thrace in Alexandroupolis
 The Silk Museum of Soufli
 Zourafa islet
 The village Metaxades with its traditional architecture
 The Pomak villages Goniko and Roussa with the traditional architecture

Notable people
Hrysopiyi Devetzi (1976, Alexandroupolis), Greek silver Olympic Champion in triple jump (Athens, 2004)
Demis Nikolaidis (1973, Alexandroupolis), Greek international footballer, European Champion with Greece National football team (Portugal, 2004)
Stelios Venetidis (1976, Orestiada),Greek international footballer, European Champion with Greece National football team (Portugal, 2004)
Athanasios Tsigas (1982, Aristeino Alexandroupolis), Greek footballer
Lefteris Hapsiadis (1953, Kila Feres), Greek lyricist and writer
Andreas Andreadis (1982, Provatonas Soufli), Greek international volleyball player
Marios Giourdas (1973, Alexandroupolis), international volleyball player
Thanassis Moustakidis (1962, Soufli), Greek international volleyball player, player with the most appearances with Greece  National football team
Nikos Samaras (1970-2013, Orestiada), Greek international volleyball player, player-symbol for the Greek volleyball
Constantin Carathéodory (1873-1950, Nea Vyssa), Greek mathematician
Dimosthenis Michalentzakis (1998, Feres), Greek Gold Paralympic Champion Swimmer in category S9 (Rio, 2016)
Marinos Ouzounidis (1968, Alexandroupolis), former international Greek footballer, now football coach
Manolis Siopis (1994, Alexandroupolis), Greek international footballer
Dimosthenis Magginas (1982, Alexandroupolis), Greek middle-distance, long-distance runner
Fotis Kosmas, (1926-1995), Alexandroupolis) Mediterranean and 7th Olympic winner in decathlon
Kostas Gatsioudis (1973, Didymoteicho), 6th Olympic winner, Mediterranean and Silver World champion, in Javelin throw
Nikos Alavantas (1959, Krios Orestiada), former Greek international footballer
Giannis Matzourakis (1949, Didymoteicho), former footballer, now football coach
Nikos Hadjinikolaou (1962, Alexandroupolis), Greek journalist
Renos Haralampidis (1970, Spilaio), Greek actor, film director
Yannis Stankoglou (1974, Thourio), Greek actor
John III Doukas Vatatzes (1192–1254, Didymoteicho), emperor of Nicaea
John V Palaiologos (1332–1391, Didymoteicho), Byzantine Emperor
Bayezid II (1481–1512, Didymoteicho) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Eugenios Eugenidis (1882–1954, Didymoteicho), shipping magnate
Sürmeli Ali Pasha, (1645-1695, Didymoteicho), Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
Konstantinos Malamatinas, founder of retsina Malamatina
Paraskevas Tselios (1997, Alexandroupolis), Greek international volleyball player with Greece men's national volleyball team
Savvas Gentsoglou (1990, Alexandroupolis), Greek football player
Gregoris Mentzas (1960, Alexandroupolis), Greek management scientist and professor at the National Technical University of Athens
Giorgos Valavanidis (1974, Alexandroupolis), Greek; former international basketball player, silver medalist with Greece women's national under-16 basketball team in 1991 and Greek champion with PAOK
Arete Kosmidou (1997, Alexandroupolis), Greek singer
Anestis Dalakouras (1993, Alexandroupolis), international Volleyball player with Greece men's national volleyball team
Stavros Stathakis (1987, Alexandroupolis), Greece footballer
Nikos Alavantas (1959, Orestiada), former international footballer with Greece national football team
Stefania Liberakaki (2002), Greek-Dutch singer originally from Sofiko, a village near Didymoteicho

References

External links
Evros terrain map by Geopsis

Prefectures of Greece
1920 establishments in Greece
Regional units of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace

Evros (regional unit)


Slaget om Ấp Bắc var en træfning udkæmpet mellem Sydvietnam, støttet af amerikanske militære rådgivere og FNL/Viet Cong. Slaget fandt sted 2. januar 1963 i Định Tường-provinsen i Sydvietnam. Slaget fik stor betydning for den senere amerikanske militære optrapning i landet, efter som træfningen afslørede kommunisternes militære slagkraft og Sydvietnams manglende evne til at føre krigen på egen hånd. Journalister var til stede på slagmarken i det umiddelbare efterspil og forstærkede dermed indtrykket af, at krigen var i færd med at tippe i kommunistenes favør.

Baggrund
Siden Genève-aftalerne i 1954 havde Vietnam været delt langs den 17. breddegrad mellem det kommunistiske nord ledet af Hồ Chí Minh, og et vestligt støttet kapitalistisk syd under Ngô Đình Diệm. Under fredsplanen skulle frie valg i 1956 lægge grundlaget for genforeningen af landet. Ingen af parterne overholdt aftalen, og nord forsøgte at erobre sydlandet med vold. Nordvietnam blev støttet af Maos Kina og Sovjetunionen og havde længe udkæmpet en guerillakrig i syd. Frygt for tabet af Sydvietnam havde ført til en gradvis forøgelse af amerikansk hjælp. Mod slutningen af 1962 var der 2.700 amerikanske rådgivere integreret i sydvietnamesiske enheder, og store leverancer af håndvåben, helikoptre og panservogne var også blevet bevilget til Sydvietnam. Den 28. december 1962 fik sydvietnamesiske enheder oplysninger om en Viet Cong-enhed, som havde etableret stillinger ved landsbyen Ấp Bắc, og besluttede sig for at angribe. Nordvietnamesiske styrker var blevet advaret om angrebet takket være stjålne amerikanske militærradioer. De besluttede sig for at arrangere et baghold.

Slaget
Klokken 7 om morgenen ankom ti H-21 "flyvende bananer" med 1. bataljon i Sydvietnams 11. infanteriregiment til en rismark ca. 300 meter fra Ấp Bắc. Marken var dækket af tåge, og enhederne bevægede sig til fods i kolonner mod landsbyen. Da sydvietnameserne var 30 meter fra kanten af marken, åbnede Viet Cong sit bagholdsangreb. 1. bataljons kommandør blev umiddelbart dræbt, og mange af hans medsoldater blev mejet ned på den åbne mark. Resten af enheden søgte dækning. Helikoptrene, fløjet af amerikanske piloter, fragtede forstærkninger ind for at hjælpe. Stadig flere kompagnier blev sat ind i den dødelige kugleregn. Viet Cong skød mod helikopterne med granater og bombekastere, og ødelagde fem, mens de landede og lettede. Sydvietnameserne fik i løbet af eftermiddagen artilleristøtte og luftstøtte fra amerikanske enheder som beskød de nordvietnamesiske stillinger, med minimal effekt. Til sidst blev M113-panservogne sat ind i slaget for at redde de sydvietnamesiske enheder. Tidligere fik disse køretøjer Viet Cong til at flygte, men denne gang blev vognene og deres udsatte maskingeværmandskab beskudt. Nogle af slagets alvorligste tab blev lidt af panservongsmandskaberne. Efterhånden, som aftenen nærmede sig, indsatte Sydvietnam til sidst sin elitestyrke på 300 faldskærmjægere for at afskære nordvietnamesernes tilbagetrækning mod øst. Da transportflyene nærmede sig Ấp Bắc, blev de beskudt og piloterne ændrede flyveretning. Mandskaberne kompenserede ikke for denne ændring, da de hoppede ud af flyene, og landede derfor foran kommunisternes stillinger, i stedet for bag. Mange af soldaternes faldskærme satte sig fast i træerne. Dermed blev også denne enhed udsat for store tab. På trods af al modgangen var det lige før, at Viet Congs stillinger faldt. Nordvietnameserne trak sig derfor tilbage mod øst, da natten faldt på om aftenen den 2. januar, uden at blive forhindret eller beskudt.

Resultat
Militært set var slaget ved Ấp Bắc ubetydeligt. Sydvietnameserne havde indtaget landsbyen, trods store tab. Alligevel skulle slaget få store eftervirkninger. For det første viste det, at Sydvietnam ikke havde evne til at vinde krigen mod nord på egen hånd. Deres bedste enheder havde lidt store tab og gjort en række taktiske fejl, og fjenden var sluppet væk uden tab. For det andet viste slaget, at amerikanske bevilgninger til landet ikke var tilstrækkelige. Til trods for hjælp både fra helikoptre og panservogne havde fjendens stillinger holdt. De vestlige journalister til stede karakteriserede slaget som et nederlag. Det blev klart for den amerikanske ledelse, at dersom der ikke blev givet større bevilgninger til Sydvietnam, ville det tabe krigen. Et år senere ville præsident Lyndon B. Johnson iværksætte amerikanske luftangreb og blokkade, og mindre end to år senere ville amerikanske kampstyrker blive landsatte i Sydvietnam.

Noter

Vietnamkrigen

Slaget om Ấp Bắc


Extract er en amerikansk komediefilm fra 2009 skrevet og instrueret af Mike Judge. I hovedrollerne ses Jason Bateman, Mila Kunis, Kristen Wiig, Dustin Milligan, J. K. Simmons og Ben Affleck. ''

Rolleliste

 Jason Bateman som Joel Reynolds
 Mila Kunis som Cindy
 Kristen Wiig som Suzie Reynolds
 Ben Affleck som Dean
 J. K. Simmons som Brian
 Clifton Collins, Jr. som Don "Step" Wilkinson
 Dustin Milligan som Brad Chávez
 David Koechner som Nathan
 Beth Grant som Mary
 T. J. Miller som Rory
 Javier Gutiérrez som Hector
 Lidia Porto som Gabriella
 Gene Simmons som Joe Adler
 Matt Schulze som Willie
 Lamberto Gutierrez som Victor
 Brent Briscoe som Phil
 Hal Sparks som Guitar Salesman #1
 Nick Thune som Guitar Salesman #2
 Tom Virtue som Guitar Customer
 Christopher Rocha som Pawn Shop Guy
 Jenny O'Hara som Joel's Secretary
 Matthew Williams som Band Member
 Gary Cole (ikke på rulleteksterne) som Bar Patron
 Mike Judge (ikke på rulleteksterne) som Jim
 Briston Meeney (ikke på rulleteksterne) som Bar Patron
 Shawna Reina (ikke på rulleteksterne) som Lawyer

Soundtrack
 "She's All I Got" – Johnny Paycheck
 "Apurate"
 "Hoogie Boogie" – John Lee Hooker
 "I Thank You" – ZZ Top
 "Wundercrotchen" – Matthew Strachan (aka Klaus Harmony)
 "The Lunatic Fringe" – Delphian (Formerly Yggdrsomil) (Sangen Rory's band God's Cock optræder med)
 "(I Got the) Same Old Blues" – Lynyrd Skynyrd
 "Wrapped" – Bruce Robison
 "Who Were You Thinkin' of" – Texsom Tornados
 "Rainy Day Woman" – Waylon Jennings

Produktion
Optagelserne begyndte 25. august, 2008 i Los Angeles.

Eksterne henvisninger

Komediefilm fra USA
Amerikanske film fra 2009

Extract


Os Planaltos da Europa Central são os planaltos que se estendem de oeste a leste pela Europa Central incluindo partes do leste e sul da França, sul da Alemanha, partes da Bélgica, República Tcheca e norte da Suíça e Áustria. Se localizam entre os Alpes e a planície europeia setentrional. São partes do planalto centras as colinas das Ardenas e a Floresta Negra.

Geografia da Europa

Planalto da Europa Central


José Martínez Oya (Jaén, Andalucía, 14 de enero de 1983), más conocido futbolísticamente como Oya, es un exfutbolista español.

Trayectoria

José Oya es un centrocampista experimentado y con una gran capacidad para distribuir el balón. Formado en las categorías inferiores del Real Jaén, en 2003 debuta con el primer equipo jienense. Posteriormente ficharía por el filial del Atlético de Madrid. Tras ser cedido por el cuadro colchonero a la RSD Alcalá, Oya ha militado en distintos equipos de Segunda División B: UD Marbella, Burgos CF, UB Conquense y Barakaldo CF. En el verano de 2010 firma por el CD Guadalajara. Con el cuadro alcarreño asciende a la Liga Adelante. A pesar de lesionarse de gravedad en el tramo final de la temporada, días después de este ascenso Oya renovaba su contrato con el equipo alcarreño. La mayor parte de la temporada 2011/12 la pasa recuperándose de su lesión, volviendo a los terrenos de juego en el tramo final de la misma, donde disputa un total de 5 partidos de liga. Tras finalizar su contrato con el club alcarreño, ficha por el UCAM Murcia.

Clubes

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial del CD Guadalajara
 Ficha de Oya en BDFútbol

Futbolistas de Navarra
Futbolistas del Real Jaén Club de Fútbol
Futbolistas del Club Atlético de Madrid "B"
Futbolistas de la Real Sociedad Deportiva Alcalá
Futbolistas de la Unión Deportiva Marbella
Futbolistas del Burgos Club de Fútbol
Futbolistas de la Unión Balompédica Conquense
Futbolistas del Barakaldo Club de Fútbol
Futbolistas del Deportivo Guadalajara
Futbolistas del Atlético Mancha Real

Nacidos en Pamplona

José Oya


A placebo is a substance or treatment without intrinsic therapeutic value, but administered as if it were a therapy, either in medical treatment or in clinical trials.

Placebo may also refer to:
Placebo (band), an alternative rock band from England formed in 1994
Placebo (Placebo album), the band's self-titled debut album
Placebo, a 1970s jazz band fronted by Marc Moulin
Placebo, a 1974 album
Placebo (at funeral) (obsolete usage), a singer of the Office of the Dead which includes the phrase "placebo Domino" meaning "please the Lord", and from that someone who falsely claims a connection to the deceased to get a share of the funeral meal
Placebo (ASP album), a 2022 album by ASP

See also
Placebo effect (disambiguation)
Placebo in history
Placebo-controlled study
Nocebo

Placebo (disambiguation)


Never Back Down er en amerikansk film instrueret af Jeff Wadlow, der handler om en gruppe unge mennesker, som kæmper MMA. Iblandt dem er hovedpersonen som ikke kan slås og bliver derfor tævet er de andre. Derfor beslutter han sig for at lære MMA.

Medvirkende
 Sean Faris som Jake Tyler
 Amber Heard som Baja Miller
 Cam Gigandet som Ryan McCarthy
 Evan Peters som Max Cooperman
 Leslie Hope som Margot Tyler
 Djimon Hounsou som Jean Roqua
 Wyatt Smith som Charlie Tyler
 Neil Brown Jr. som Aaron
 Lauren Leech som Jenny
 Affion Crockett som DJ

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 2008
Kampsportsfilm fra USA
Engelsksprogede film

Never Back Down


Wang Xiyu (født 28. marts 2001 i Wuxi) er en kinesisk tennisspiller. Efter at have vundet juniorrækken i single ved US Open 2018, blev hun 10. september placeret som nummer ét på juniorenes verdensrangliste.

I double var hun i juniorfinalerne ved US Open 2017 og Wimbledon-mesterskaberne 2018, hvor hun vandt den sidste med makker Wang Xinyu.

Hun har vundet to single- og tre doubletitler på ITF Women's Circuit

Junior Grand Slam finaler

Single

Double

Eksterne henvisninger

 Wang Xiyus profil hos coretennis.net

Tennisspillere fra Kina

Wang Xiyu


Tarare es una ópera con música de Antonio Salieri y libreto en francés de Pierre Beaumarchais. Se estrenó el 8 de junio de 1787 por la Ópera de París en el Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin. Salieri también reelaboró el material en una versión italiana titulada Axur, re d'Ormus con libreto de Lorenzo da Ponte, que se estrenó en Viena en enero de 1788.

Personajes

Referencias
Notas

Licencia

Enlaces externos
La partitura de Tarare está disponible en la Biblioteca Musical de la Universidad de North Texas.
Notas, discografía y libreto (francés - español) en Kareol

Óperas de Antonio Salieri
Óperas en francés
Óperas de 1787
Óperas estrenadas en París

Tarare (ópera)


Football Club Lokomotivi Tbilisi (normalt bare kendt som Lokomotivi Tbilisi) er en georgisk fodboldklub fra Tbilisi. Klubben blev grundlagt i 1936.

Titler
 Georgiske pokalturnering (3): 2000, 2002, 2005.
 Superpokalturnering (1): 2013.

Historiske slutplaceringer

Umaglesi Liga

Erovnuli Liga

Nuværende trup
Pr. 20. maj 2022

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Klubbens officielle hjemmeside
 Soccerway

Fodboldklubber i Georgien
Etableret i 1936
Tbilisi

FC Lokomotivi Tbilisi


Willa Joannachance  Holland (d. 18 Haziran 1991, Los Angeles), Amerikalı oyuncu ve model. The O.C.'de Kaitlin Cooper'ı canlandırmıştır. Görüntü yönetmeni Keith Holland ve aktris Darnell Gregorio-De Palma'nın kızıdır. Brianna ve Piper adında iki kız kardeşi vardır. Çocukluğu Londra'da geçen Holland, Steven Spielberg'ün desteğiyle Ford Model Ajansı'na kaydolarak oyunculuğa ve modelliğe başladı. Ford Model Ajansı'na bağlı; Gap, Guess, Ralph Lauren gibi birçok markanın modelliğini yapmıştır.

Filmografi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1991 doğumlular
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular
Amerikalı kadın dizi oyuncuları
Yaşayan insanlar

Willa Holland


Roko Prkačin (26. studenoga 2002.) hrvatski je profesionalni košarkaš, igra za Cibonu te je od 2020. kapetan seniorske momčadi Cibone. S hrvatskom kadetskom košarkaškom reprezentacijom (do 16) osvojio je zlatnu medalju na Europskom prvenstvu 2018. u Srbiji. 4. siječnja 2019. Prkačin je priključen prvoj momčadi Cibone. Roko je prvo od petero djece svoje majke Katarine Prkačin i oca Nikole Prkačina. Prvi razred je završio u XI. gimanziji u Zagrebu, a svoje obrazovanje nastavlja u Privatnoj sportskoj i jezičnoj gimnaziji Franjo Bučar.

20. kolovoza 2018. između Cibone, Rudeša i Nikše Prkačina dogovorena je suradnja o posudbi Roka u seniorsku momčad prvoligaša KK Rudeša, kluba
koji isključivo razvija mlade igrače.

Izvori

Hrvatski košarkaši

Roko Prkačin


Skyldig - ikke skyldig er en dansk stumfilm fra 1915, filmen er instrueret af Aage Brandt.

Medvirkende
 Emilius Lindgreen som Ponsard, veksellerer
 Herman FlorentzJ som ules Giradin, en ung finansmand
 Henry Knudsen som Doktor Gerard
 Luzzy Werren som Margot, Girardins hustru
 Anna Müller som Irma, en kokette
 Oscar Nielsen som Wolff, politikommissær
 Hugo Bendix

Eksterne Henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1915

Skyldig - ikke skyldig (film fra 1915)


Opći izbori u Etiopiji održani su za donji dom Parlamenta Etiopije Dom zastupnika naroda (amharski: የሕዝብ ተወካዮች ምክር ቤት, Yehizbtewekayoch Mekir Bet) u kojem je 547 članova. 22 su zadržana za zastupnike manjinskih naroda. Zastupnike se bira na petogodišnji mandat u izbornim jedinicama s jednim mjestom. Prije izbora održani su skupovi vladajuće koalicije ENRDF i oporbe. 2005. godine održani su 15. svibnja. 59,8% mjesta osvojila je koalicija Etiopski narodni revolucionarni demokratski front. 19,9% osvojila je Koalicija za jedinstvo i demokraciju. Ujedinjene etiopske demokratske snage osvojile su 9,5%. Demokratska stranka naroda Somalaca osvojila je 4,3%. Oromski federalistički demokratski pokret osvojio je 2,0%. Ostali su osvojili manje od 2%: stranke naroda Benišangul-Gumuz, Afar, Gambela, Šeko, Mezenger, Hareri, Argoba i dr. 8. srpnja objavljeni su prvi službeni rezultati. Bilo je sumnji na regularnost te su studenoga izbili prosvjedi koje je policija krvavo ugušila. Premijer je i nakon ovih izbora ostao Meles Zenawi iz ENRDF-a.

Izvori

Politika Etiopije
Izbori

Etiopski opći izbori 2005.