Persicaria, veliki biljni rod iz porodice dvornikovki. Oko 130 priznatih vrsta, od kojih ih je nekoliko vrsta u hrvatskom jeziku poznato pod imenom dvornik, jer su nekada bile uključivane u rod Polygonum

Rod Cephalophilon (Meisn.) Spach, sinonim je za Persicaria.

Vrste

 Persicaria acuminata (Kunth) M.Gómez
 Persicaria akakiensis (Cufod.) Soják
 Persicaria × ambigua (Meisn.) B.Bock
 Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre
 Persicaria angustifolia (Pall.) Ronse Decr.
 Persicaria arifolia (L.) Haraldson
 Persicaria assamica (Meisn.) Soják
 Persicaria attenuata (R.Br.) Soják
 Persicaria barbata (L.) H.Hara
 Persicaria × bicolor (Borbás) Soják
 Persicaria biconvexa (Hayata) Nemoto
 Persicaria bicornis (Raf.) Nieuwl.
 Persicaria borneensis (Meisn.) Soják
 Persicaria × brauniana (F.W.Schultz) Soják
 Persicaria breviochreata (Makino) Ohki
 Persicaria bungeana (Turcz.) Nakai
 Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross
 Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene
 Persicaria celebica (Danser) Soják
 Persicaria cespitosa (Blume) Nakai
 Persicaria changhuaensis H.W.Zhang & X.F.Jin
 Persicaria chinensis (L.) H.Gross
 Persicaria × condensata (F.W.Schultz) Soják
 Persicaria criopolitana (Hance) Migo
 Persicaria debilis (Meisn.) H.Gross ex W.Lee
 Persicaria decipiens (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson
 Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) Masam.
 Persicaria diospyrifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Funez & Hassemer
 Persicaria dissitiflora (Hemsl.) H.Gross ex T.Mori
 Persicaria eciliata M.A.Hassan
 Persicaria elatior (R.Br.) Soják
 Persicaria erectominor (Makino) Nakai
 Persicaria extremiorientalis (Vorosch.) Tzvelev
 Persicaria ferruginea (Wedd.) Soják
 Persicaria × figertii (Beck) Soják
 Persicaria filiformis (Thunb.) Nakai
 Persicaria foliosa (H.Lindb.) Kitag.
 Persicaria galapagensis (Caruel) Galasso
 Persicaria geocarpica Suyama & K.Ueda
 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gómez
 Persicaria glacialis (Meisn.) H.Hara
 Persicaria glandulopilosa (De Wild.) Soják
 Persicaria glomerata (Dammer) S.Ortiz & Paiva
 Persicaria greuteriana Galasso
 Persicaria hastatosagittata (Makino) Nakai
 Persicaria × hervieri (Beck) Soják
 Persicaria hirsuta (Walter) Small
 Persicaria hispida (Kunth) M.Gómez
 Persicaria huananensis (A.J.Li) B.Li
 Persicaria humilis (Meisn.) H.Hara
 Persicaria × hybrida (Chaub. ex St.-Amans) Soják
 Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre
 Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small
 Persicaria hystricula (J.Schust.) Soják
 Persicaria imeretina (Kom.) Soják
 Persicaria × intercedens (Beck) Soják
 Persicaria japonica (Meisn.) Nakai
 Persicaria javanica (Bruyn) Soják
 Persicaria jucunda (Meisn.) Migo
 Persicaria kawagoeana (Makino) Nakai
 Persicaria lanata (Roxb.) Tzvelev
 Persicaria lanigera (R.Br.) Soják
 Persicaria lankeshanensis T.J.Liang & Bo Li
 Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre
 Persicaria leblebicii (Yild.) Raus
 Persicaria lii Kitag.
 Persicaria limbata (Meisn.) H.Hara
 Persicaria limicola (Sam.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi
 Persicaria longiflora (Courchet) Borodina
 Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag.
 Persicaria maackiana (Regel) Nakai
 Persicaria macrantha (Meisn.) Haraldson
 Persicaria maculosa Gray
 Persicaria madagascariensis (Meisn.) S.Ortiz & Paiva
 Persicaria manshuricola Kitag.
 Persicaria meisneriana (Cham. & Schltdl.) M.Gómez
 Persicaria microcephala (D.Don) H.Gross
 Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz
 Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Assenov
 Persicaria muricata (Meisn.) Nemoto
 Persicaria nakaii (H.Hara) Cubey
 Persicaria nataliae Stepanov
 Persicaria neofiliformis (Nakai) Ohki
 Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H.Gross
 Persicaria nogueirae S.Ortiz & Paiva
 Persicaria obtusifolia (Täckh. & Boulos) Greuter & Burdet
 Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Soják
 Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach
 Persicaria palmata (Dunn) Yonek. & H.Ohashi
 Persicaria paradoxa (H.Lév.) Kantachot
 Persicaria paraguayensis (Wedd.) S.T.Kim & Donoghue
 Persicaria paralimicola (A.J.Li) B.Li
 Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M.Gómez
 Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H.Gross
 Persicaria peruviana (Meisn.) Soják
 Persicaria pilushanensis (Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou) C.F.Kuo ex T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung
 Persicaria pinetorum (Hemsl.) H.Gross
 Persicaria poiretii (Meisn.) K.L.Wilson
 Persicaria posumbu (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross
 Persicaria praetermissa (Hook.f.) H.Hara
 Persicaria prostrata (R.Br.) Soják
 Persicaria × pseudoincana (Klokov) Doweld
 Persicaria × pseudolapathum (Schur) D.H.Kent
 Persicaria pubescens (Blume) H.Hara
 Persicaria pulchra (Blume) Soják
 Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small
 Persicaria puritanorum (Fernald) Soják
 Persicaria robustior (Small) E.P.Bicknell
 Persicaria roseoviridis Kitag.
 Persicaria rubricaulis (Cham.) Galasso
 Persicaria runcinata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross
 Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.Gross
 Persicaria scabra (Moench) Moldenke
 Persicaria segetum (Kunth) Small
 Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Soják
 Persicaria senticosa (Meisn.) H.Gross
 Persicaria setacea (Baldwin) Small
 Persicaria setosula (A.Rich.) K.L.Wilson
 Persicaria sinica Migo
 Persicaria sinuata (Royle ex Bab.) H.Gross
 Persicaria snobarii Munshi & Javeid
 Persicaria stagnina (Buch.-Ham. ex Meisn.) M.A.Hassan
 Persicaria stelligera (Cham.) Galasso
 Persicaria strigosa (R.Br.) Nakai
 Persicaria strindbergii (J.Schust.) Galasso
 Persicaria subsessilis (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson
 Persicaria sungareensis Kitag.
 Persicaria sylvestris Funez & Hassemer
 Persicaria taitoinsularis (Masam.) Yonek.
 Persicaria taquetii (H.Lév.) Koidz.
 Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Gross
 Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach
 Persicaria trigonocarpa (Makino) Nakai
 Persicaria truellum (Koidz.) Honda
 Persicaria umbrosa (Sam.) Galasso
 Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn.
 Persicaria viscofera (Makino) H.Gross
 Persicaria viscosa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross ex T.Mori
 Persicaria wellensii (De Wild.) Soják
 Persicaria × wilmsii (Beck) Soják
 Persicaria wugongshanensis Bo Li

Dodatna literatura

Izvori

Persicarieae

Persicaria


Das ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament 2009 war ein Tennisturnier, welches vom 9. bis 15. Februar 2009 in Rotterdam stattfand. Es war Teil der ATP World Tour 2009 und wurde in der Halle auf Hartplatz ausgetragen. In derselben Woche wurden in San José die SAP Open sowie in Costa do Sauípe die Brasil Open gespielt. Diese zählten jedoch im Gegensatz zum ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament, welches zur Kategorie ATP World Tour 500 gehörte, nur zur Kategorie ATP World Tour 250.

Titelverteidiger im Einzel war Michaël Llodra, der jedoch bereits im Achtelfinale ausschied. Im Finale setzte sich Andy Murray gegen Rafael Nadal in drei Sätzen mit 6:3, 4:6, 6:0 durch. Damit gewann Murray seinen zehnten Titel auf der Tour. Im Doppel traten Tomáš Berdych und Dmitri Tursunow nicht mehr gemeinsam zur Titelverteidigung an, spielten jedoch beide mit einem anderen Partner und schieden im Halbfinale bzw. in der ersten Runde aus. Sieger im Doppel wurden Daniel Nestor und Nenad Zimonjić, welche im Finale Lukáš Dlouhý und Leander Paes in zwei Sätzen mit 6:2, 7:5 schlugen.

Das Teilnehmerfeld de Einzelkonkurrenz bestand aus 32 Spielern, jenes der Doppelkonkurrenz aus 16 Paaren. Das Gesamtpreisgeld betrug 1.150.000 Euro, die gesamten finanziellen Verbindlichkeiten lagen bei 1.445.000 Euro.

Qualifikation
Die Qualifikation fand vom 7. bis 8. Februar 2009 statt. Ausgespielt wurden vier Qualifikantenplätze, die zur Teilnahme am Hauptfeld des Turniers berechtigten. Hinzu kam ein Lucky Loser.

Folgende Spieler hatten die Qualifikation überstanden und spielten im Hauptfeld des Turniers:

Preisgelder und Weltranglistenpunkte
Es wurden die folgenden Preisgelder und Weltranglistenpunkte für das Erreichen der jeweiligen Runde ausgezahlt bzw. gutgeschrieben. Spieler, die über die Qualifikation ins Hauptfeld einzogen, erhielten die angegebenen Qualifikationspunkte zusätzlich zu denen für das Erreichen der jeweiligen Runde. Ansonsten sind die Beträge nicht kumulativ zu verstehen. Preisgelder für den Doppelwettbewerb gelten pro Team.

Einzel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Doppel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Weblinks und Quellen
 Offizielle Homepage des Turniers

Turnier der ATP World Tour 2009
Tennisturnier in Rotterdam

ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament 2009


La batalla de Changping (長平之戰) fue una campaña militar que tuvo lugar durante el período de los Reinos Combatientes en China. Llegó a su fin en el 260 a. C., con una victoria decisiva por parte del Estado de Qin sobre el estado de Zhao, lo cual en última instancia le permitió al estado de Qin conquistar y unificar China décadas después. La campaña es considerada una de las operaciones militares más letales de la historia, aunque la mayoría de los soldados del estado de Zhao fueron tomados prisioneros y ejecutados después de la batalla.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Changping, la mayor batalla de la antigüedad

Changping
Changping
China en el siglo III a. C.
Changping

Batalla de Changping


Lipník este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Prievidza din regiunea Trenčín. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 523 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Lipník este atestată documentar din 1355.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Lipník, Prievidza


Fahd Ndzengue, né le  à Libreville, est un footballeur international gabonais. Il joue au poste d'ailier à Tabor Sežana.

Carrière

En club
Formé au CF Mounana où il découvre la Ligue des champions de la CAF et la Coupe de la confédération, il part en Slovénie en 2019 où il signe avec le Tabor Sežana. Il joue son premier match en championnat de Slovénie contre l'Olimpija Ljubljana le 10 novembre 2019. Son club s'incline sur le score de 2-0.

En sélection
Il fait ses débuts en sélection le 16 novembre 2020 contre la Gambie aux qualifications à la CAN 2021. Le Gabon s'incline 2-1.

Liens externes

Footballeur international gabonais
Joueur du CF Mounana
Naissance à Libreville
Naissance en juillet 2000

Fahd Ndzengue


Deutschland er det tyske navn for Tyskland.

Deutschland kan også henvise til:

 Deutschland-klassen - en klasse af krigsskibe i den tyske marine
 Deutschland (panserskib) - et krigsskib i Deutschland-klassen
 Deutschland (ubåd) - en tysk lastubåd senere indsat i militærtjeneste
 Deutschland 83 - en tv-serie med den danske titel Spionen

Deutschland (flertydig)


Herman Bonitz (né le 29 juillet 1814 à Langensalza (royaume de Saxe) et mort le 25 juillet 1888 à Berlin) est philologue, philosophe et réformateur scolaire à Vienne et à Berlin.

Biographie
Herman est le sixième enfant du pasteur et surintendant Karl Friedrich Bonitz et de sa mère Maria Sophia Bonitz née Schmalkalden. Après l'école publique de Schulpforta, un ancien monastère cistercien près de Naumbourg, il étudie la philosophie, la philologie, la théologie et les mathématiques à l'université de Leipzig et la philologie à l'université Frédéric-Guillaume de Berlin. En 1835, il épouse Bertha Maria Semmel, fille du maire de Gera, marchand et propriétaire du manoir Marcus Friedrich Semmel (1751-1801). Après avoir obtenu son doctorat à Leipzig en 1836, il travaille dans les écoles jusqu'en 1849, d'abord comme enseignant à Dresde, à partir de 1838 comme professeur principal à Berlin, et à partir de 1842 comme professeur de lycée à Stettin.

En 1849, par l'intermédiaire de Franz Serafin Exner, il est nommé professeur de philologie classique à l'université de Vienne. Avec Exner, il rédige la réforme menée sous la direction du ministre de l'Éducation Leo comte Thun-Hohenstein en un lycée de 8 ans avec la "Maturitätsprüfung". En 1867, Hermann Bonitz retourne à Berlin dans le cadre de sa nomination en tant que directeur du lycée berlinois du monastère franciscain et directeur du Séminaire pédagogique royal pour les écoles savantes. À partir de 1875, il est conseiller secret du gouvernement et chargé de cours au ministère de l'Éducation. À partir de 1850, il est membre étranger de l'Académie bavaroise des sciences. En 1867, il est accepté comme membre à part entière de l'Académie prussienne des sciences.

En 1888, Hermann Bonitz se retire de la vie active en tant que conseiller supérieur du gouvernement secret et meurt le 25 juillet 1888 à Berlin peu avant son 74e anniversaire. Un groupe de monuments dédiés aux réformateurs du système éducatif autrichien, Leo comte Thun-Hohenstein, Franz Exner et Hermann Bonitz, est conçu par le sculpteur Carl Kundmann dans la cour d'arcade de Vienne du bâtiment principal de l'université.

En 1954, la Bonitzgasse est nommée en son honneur à Vienne-Floridsdorf (21e arrondissement).

Travaux
Avec Franz Serafin Exner, Bonitz joue un rôle crucial dans la réforme du système scolaire à Vienne et à Berlin. Ses travaux approfondis sur Platon et Aristote, son Index Aristotelicus (Berlin 1870), les Platonischen Studien (1875, 1886) et sa traduction de la Métaphysique d'Aristote (Berlin 1890) deviennent des ouvrages de référence dans les sciences humaines.

Publications
 Disputationes Platonicae Duae (1837); Platonische Studien (3. Ausg. Hrsg., 1886)
 Observationes Criticae in Aristotelis Libros Metaphysicos (1842)
 Observationes Criticae in Aristotelis quae feruntur Magna Moralia et Ethica Eudemia (1844)
 Alexandri Aphrodisiensis Commentarius in Libros Metaphysicos Aristotelis (1847)
 Aristotelis Metaphysica (1848–1849)
 Über die Kategorien des A. (1853)
 Aristotelische Studien (1862–1867)
 Index Aristotelicus (1870)
 Über den Ursprung der homerischen Gedichte (5. Ausg., Hrsg. von R. Neubauer, 1881)
 Beiträge zur Erklärung des Thukydides (1854), des Sophokles (1856–1857)

Une liste complète de ses écrits peut être trouvée dans Theodor Gomperz dans son Biographisches Jahrbuch fuer Altertumskunde (1890).

Bibliographie

 Rainer Leitner: Das Reformwerk von Exner, Bonitz und Thun. Das österreichische Gymnasium in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Kaderschmiede der Wiener Moderne. In: Sonja Rinofner-Kreidl (Hrsg.): Zwischen Orientierung und Krise. Zum Umgang mit Wissen in der Moderne. Böhlau, Wien 1998, S. 17–69, .

Liens externes

Références

Philologue prussien
Pédagogue du XIXe siècle
Traducteur depuis le grec ancien
Traducteur vers l'allemand
Professeur à l'université de Vienne
Membre de l'Académie royale des sciences de Prusse
Membre de l'Académie des sciences de Göttingen
Membre de l'Académie bavaroise des sciences
Naissance en juillet 1814
Naissance à Bad Langensalza
Naissance dans le royaume de Saxe
Décès en juillet 1888
Décès à Berlin
Décès à 73 ans

Hermann Bonitz


Kutuzov may refer to:

Kutuzov (surname)
 Kutuzovsky Avenue in Moscow, Russia
 Kutuzov Embankment in Saint Petersburg, Russia
 Kutuzov Island (Daxitong Dao), on the Ussuri River, Russia
 Operation Kutuzov, military operation (battle) in World War II
 Order of Kutuzov, military award
 Soviet cruiser Mikhail Kutuzov, a Soviet (and later Russian) cruiser of the Black Sea Fleet from 1954 to 2000
 2492 Kutuzov, (also known as 2492 (1977 NT) Kutuzov and 1977 NT), a main belt asteroid
 Kutuzov (film), a 1943 Soviet drama film

Kutuzov (disambiguation)


, known as Hercule in certain edited versions of the English dub and in Viz's English manga, is a character from the Dragon Ball media franchise. Created by Akira Toriyama, he first appears in Chapter 393 of the Dragon Ball manga entitled "The New Kami-sama", originally published in Issue 44 of Weekly Shōnen Jump on October 6, 1992. Within the series, he is a flamboyant and incompetent martial artist who becomes a world-renowned hero after he fallaciously claimed credit for the defeat of the villainous Cell. Years later, he befriends the primordial being Majin Buu and convinces him of the error of his murderous way, leading Buu to expel his evil tendencies which become a different lifeform altogether. After aiding series protagonist Goku in vanquishing the evil incarnation of Buu, the benevolent incarnation moves in with Mr. Satan, and both characters continue to make recurring appearances as supporting characters in the series.

Mr. Satan is a popular character with fans of the Dragon Ball series since his introduction, and is generally well received by critics as an effective comic relief character.

Development
Series creator Akira Toriyama explained that Mr. Satan is a ring name akin to an in-ring persona or character used by real-life professional wrestlers. In another interview, Toriyama revealed that his real name is , a pun on the Japanese word akuma (悪魔), which refers to a malevolent demonic spirit in Japanese folklore. Toriyama also noted that the character is from a cultural region which does not use surnames. In keeping with the naming convention of related Dragon Ball characters after puns with a common theme, his daughter Videl's name is an anagram of the word devil. His spouse is never named or discussed within the series, though Toriyama suggested that she was a beautiful singer named "Miguel" (ミゲル, migeru), essentially his angelic counterpart based on the notion of an unconventional marriage between both characters.

Due to negative cultural connotations surrounding his namesake, Mr. Satan is renamed in media translated for international audiences in some parts of the world. In North America he is known as Hercule in some English language dubs for the Dragon Ball Z anime, as well as the localized English manga published by Viz Media. In their initial dub of the series, Funimation changed his name to Hercule. However, when they recorded a new dub for uncut home video releases, they switched to using the original Mr. Satan. In the Philippines, the character is known as Master Pogi.

Portrayal
Mr. Satan was voiced by the Daisuke Gōri in Japan until his death in 2010. then by Unshō Ishizuka until his death in 2018, with Masashi Ebara being the current voice. In English, he is voiced by Don Brown in the Ocean dub, and Chris Rager in the Funimation dub.

Appearances

Dragon Ball Z
Mr. Satan first appears during the Cell Games as a preening challenger of Cell. According to his backstory, once Goku and his companions stop attending the World Martial Arts Tournament, he starts winning the annual World Martial Arts Tournaments and becomes the reigning champion for many years. Mr. Satan attempts to fight Cell but is swatted away in one hit. In spite of this, he is given credit for Cell's death by the media and celebrated as a hero.

Years later, he is revealed to be the father of Videl, the would-be love interest of Gohan, and is still revered throughout the world of Dragon Ball as a hero. He later encounters and befriends Majin Buu: after convincing him of the error of his murderous ways, the benevolent influence within Buu moves the creature to reform, leading him to expel his evil tendencies which become a different lifeform altogether. This aspect of Buu is identical in appearance to his chubby progenitor, although any malevolent behavioral traits previously displayed are gone. He is also much weaker in power, and lacks some of the original Majin Buu's unique capabilities.

As one of the few survivors of the evil Buu's destructive rampage which culminated in the destruction of Earth, Mr. Satan escapes to the Supreme Kai's sacred realm along with Goku and his remaining associates. When Goku is on the verge of losing the final fight against Buu's evil incarnation, Mr. Satan rallies the people of Earth to turn the tide in Goku's favor by directing them to contribute their energy to Goku's Genki-Dama, an energy sphere attack created by gathering energy from surrounding animals, nature and humans. Following the demise of the evil Buu by Goku, his benevolent counterpart moves in with Mr. Satan and his pet labrador retriever , and goes by , while Mr. Satan again takes the credit for defeating evil Buu, though Goku and his friends willingly go along with it to keep their lives private and out of respect for Mr. Satan's vital role in Buu's defeat.

Later series
Mr. Satan makes minor appearances in the Dragon Ball GT anime series, where he is protected from the extraterrestrial villain Baby's influence by Majin Buu and later his successor, Uub.

Mr. Satan again appears as a supporting character in Dragon Ball Super, where he is often seen in the company of Mr. Buu. Mr. Satan essentially serves as the caretaker of his friend as Buu has a childlike personality. He is depicted as having grown immensely wealthy due to the monetary rewards he received from his false claims of successfully defending Earth from multiple external threats. In one episode of the anime version, Mr. Satan enacts an imaginary fight with Beerus, the God of Destruction, in a televised retelling of the series' in-universe events where he embellishes himself with the ability to power up as a Super Saiyan.

Films
Mr. Satan appears as a supporting character in multiple spinoff films of the Dragon Ball Z series, namely Bojack Unbound, Bio-Broly and Fusion Reborn, as well as the 2008 television special Dragon Ball: Yo! Son Goku and His Friends Return!!.

In other media
Mr. Satan appears in the Dragon Ball x One Piece: Cross Epoch manga, a crossover between the Dragon Ball and One Piece series, and in the 2013 crossover show Dream 9 Toriko & One Piece & Dragon Ball Z Super Collaboration Special!!.

Mr. Satan has appeared in several Dragon Ball video games, often as a comically ineffective "joke" playable character. The character "Morrie", from the game Dragon Quest VIII closely resembles an emaciated version of Mr. Satan's older form.

Reception

In 1993, Mr. Satan placed seventh in a Dragon Ball character popularity poll voted on by Weekly Shōnen Jump readers, and was also voted the eleventh most popular character by fans of the series for the 2004 book Dragon Ball Forever. The character has been the subject of fan art and custom merchandise.

In his review of Season 6 of the Dragon Ball series, Anime News Network's Theron Martin said Mr. Satan "may be the most obnoxious major character within the entire series", and that he found the character's "cowardice and efforts to play off the power of Cell and the Z fighters as some kind of trick" to be a nuisance even within the context of his comic relief nature. Martin noted that Mr. Satan does have some semblance of self-awareness in that he knows he is severely outclassed by the other main characters, and that he serves as a yardstick between them and the rest of humanity. Martin judged Mr. Satan's antics in Season 8 to be less irritating and more amusing or entertaining than his earlier appearances in the series, particularly with his efforts to claim glory for himself or to "weasel out a victory".

Brandon Zachary from CBR described Mr. Satan as the "J. Jonah Jameson of Dragon Ball" due to his morally complex nature. Patricia Hernandez from Kotaku consider the scenes which feature Mr. Satan and Mr. Buu to be among her favorite moments of the first episode of Dragon Ball Super, and looked forward to seeing more of their interactions together. Both Hernandez and Zachary observed that while Mr. Satan achieved his prestigious social status through deception, he does show a conscience as well as a charitable side to his character. Evan Valentine from Comicbook.com noted that while Mr. Satan is not very heroic himself, he nevertheless plays an important role in tempering Majin Buu's personality and helps the former villain to reform into a genuine hero. Valentine also highlighted his character development throughout the series' history, noting that underneath the attention-seeking and boastful exterior is a personality who truly cares for his family and friends, such as willingly (albeit secretively) giving  up the reward money received in a ceremony honoring his believed heroic acts to Goku, who both deserved and needed it more than he did. Game designer Hiroshi Matsuyama from CyberConnect2 was pleased that Mr. Satan, a representative of the feeble human race, is the only character who could emotionally connect with Buu, and later became the savior of the world when he leveraged his celebrity influence for the Genki-Dama attack prepared by Goku, an appealing but ultimately unrelatable protagonist for Matsuyama.

Notes

References

Animated human characters
Anime and manga sidekicks
Comics characters introduced in 1992
Dragon Ball characters
Fictional fraudsters
Fictional genocide survivors
Fictional male martial artists
Fictional television personalities
Male characters in anime and manga
Martial artist characters in anime and manga

Mr. Satan


Frederik Hede Jensen (født 16. juni 1996) er en dansk professionel bokser.

Han bokser på kontrakt hos den tyske stald Team Sauerland og bliver trænet af Thomas Povlsen.

Frederik Hede Jensen er tidligere som amatør mange gange dansk, jysk samt nordisk mester i boksning, derudover har han tidligere deltaget ved EM og VM.

Amatør Resultater
 Nr. 1 U/19 Nordiske mesterskaber (-52 kg) Århus, Danmark 2013
 Nr. 1 U/19 Danmarksmesterskaberne (-52 kg) Grindsted, Danmark 2013
 Nr. 1 Jyske mesterskaber (-56 kg) Århus, Danmark 2015
 Nr. 2 Danmarksmesterskaberne (-56 kg) Gilleleje, Danmark 2015
 Nr. 1 Danmarksmesterskaberne (-56 kg) Esbjerg, Danmark 2016
 Nr. 1 Jyske mesterskaber (-56 kg) Århus, Danmark 2017

Professionelle Kampe

Andet
Som barn fik han diagnosen Calvé-Legg-Perthes, en sygdom der ramte hans hofte, forhindrede ham i at være fysisk aktiv og bandt ham til en kørestol fra han var 4 til 9 år gammel, hvor han blev erklæret rask. Han begyndte at bokse 3 år efter som 12-årig.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Mandlige boksere fra Danmark

Frederik Hede Jensen


Özbekler (), Batı Türkistan'da Harezm'den Fergana'ya kadar uzanan bölgede yaşayan ve Orta Asya'daki en kalabalık Türk halkıdır. Özbeklerle ilgili tarihî kaynaklarda "Türk" ve "Sart" şeklinde adlandırıldıkları da görülmektedir.

Dil

Özbek dili, Türk dil ailesinin Karluk grubuna ait bir dildir. Tarihi boyunca Arap, Latin ve Kiril alfabeleri dahil olmak üzere çok çeşitli alfabelerle yazılmıştır. Özbekistan'ın eski Sovyetler Birliği'nden bağımsızlığından sonra hükûmet, Kiril alfabesini yeni bir Latin alfabesiyle değiştirmeye karar verdi. Tarihsel olarak, Özbek Hanlığı'nı ve diğer halef devletlerini kuran göçebe Özbekler, Türk dilinin çeşitli lehçelerini konuşurdu.

Tarih

Özbek ulusu ilk olarak Cengiz Han'ın torunu Şiban'ın soyundan gelen Ebü'l-Hayr Han'ın önderliğinde Deşt-i Kıpçak'taki çeşitli Türk boyları ve kabilelerinin Özbek/Şeybani Hanlığı etrafında örgütlenmesiyle oluşmuştur. Hanlık, Ebü'l-Hayr Han'ın vefatından sonra bir süre karışıklık içinde kalmış ve Özbekler dağılmışlardır. Torunu ve Şah Budak'ın oğlu Şeybani Han, dağınık haldeki Özbekleri birleştirmiş ve seferler düzenlemiştir. Timurlu devletindeki taht kavgalarından yararlanan Şeybani Han, Maveraünnehir ile Harezm'i ele geçirip, Timurlu Devletini yıkmış ve Hanlığın başkentini Buhara'ya taşımıştır. Bundan sonra Karluk soylu Timurlu halkıda Kıpçak olan Özbek ulusuna girmiş ve Deşt-i Kıpçak'tan gelen bu göçebe Özbekler Timurlu topraklarına yerleşmiştir, bu iki Türk topluluğunun kültürel etkileşimiyle günümüzdeki Özbekler teşkil olmuştur.

Özbek ismi ise, Altınorda hanı olan Özbek Han'dan gelmektedir.

Türkiye'de Özbekler cüzi oranda olsa da geçmişten bugüne dek yaşamışlardır.

Türkiye'ye ilk gelen Özbek topluluğu Rus Çarlığı'nın baskıları sonucu 1920 ve 1923 yılları arasında gelenlerdir. Daha sonra Sovyetler'in işgali sonucu Özbekistan'dan Afganistan'a gitmek zorunda kalan Özbekler 1950 ve 1954 yıllarında arasında Türkiye'ye gelip Adana'nın Yüregir ilçesine yerleşmişlerdir. Daha sonra Adana'dan Konya'nın Kulu, Akşehir ve Cihanbeyli ilçelerine yerleşenler de olmuştur. Bu Özbekler arasında Basmacı Hareketi'nin kumandanlarından Korbaşı Şir Muhammed Bek'te vardır.

Türkiye'ye en son olarak topluluk haline gelen Özbekler ise Özbekistan'dan Afganistan'a göçüp yerleşen ve Afganistan'ın yerleşik Özbeklerindendir. Bu Özbekler 1979 yılında SSCB'nin Afganistan'ı işgal etmesiyle, yoksulluk ve çocuklarını korumak gibi nedenlerle Pakistan'a göç etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Daha sonra oradan Türkiye'ye devlet tarafından getirilmiş ve Türkiye'nin çeşitli bölgelerine yerleşmişlerdir. Bu Özbekler şu anda Hatay'ın Ovakent beldesinde ve Şanlıurfa'nın Ceylanpınar ilçesinin Evrenpaşa köyünde yaşamlarını sürdürüyorlar.

Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılması sonucunda bağımsızlığını kazanan Özbekistan ile Türkiye'nin karşılıklı ilişkilerinin başlaması Ticari, eğitim, sanat, kültür gibi birçok alanda yapılan anlaşmalar, Misafir öğrenciler, devlet görevlileri, işçiler olarak ve yaşamaları bir kısmının Türk vatandaşlığı alıp yerleşmesi sonucunda önemli sayıda Özbekistan vatandaşı da Türkiye'ye yerleşmiştir.

Türkiye'de yaşayan önemli Özbek asıllı Türkler de vardır. Ünlü tenisçi Marsel İlhan dünyada ilk 100'e giren Özbek asıllı tenisçidir. Bununla beraber ünlü Türk istihbaratçı ve sovyetolog Enver Altaylı da Özbek asıllıdır. İstiklal marşı yazarımız Mehmet Akif Ersoy da anne tarafından Özbek kökenlidir.

Çin Özbekleri

Günümüz Çin sınırları içerisinde yaşayan etnik Özbekler, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Hükümeti'nin resmî olarak tanıdığı 55 etnik azınlık grubundan biridir. Çin Özbekleri Çincede "Wūzībiékè zú" (; "Özbek halkı/milleti") olarak anılır. Aşağıdaki tabloda gösterildiği gibi, 2010 yılı itibarıyla Özbek etnik azınlığına ait 10.600'e yakın Çin vatandaşı vardır; yani etnik Özbekler, Çin'deki 56 resmî olarak tanınmış etnik grubun arasındaki en büyük 49. etnik grubu teşkil ederler. Çin Özbeklerinin neredeyse tümü Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi'nde yaşar. Sincan Özbeklerinin büyük bir kısmı (2015 yılı itibarıyla 4.666 kişi) İli Kazak Özerk İli'ne bağlı Gulca şehrinde yaşar. Sanci Hui Özerk İli'ndeki Mori Kazak Özerk İlçesi'ne bağlı bir  olan , tüm Çin çapında resmen Özbek azınlığına adanmış tek yerleşimdir. Kaşgar İli, Tarbagatay İli, Urumçi ve Sincan'ın diğer yerleşimlerinde de Özbek azınlıkları mevcuttur.

Çin Özbekleri ağırlıklı olarak İslam dinine mensuplar. Nesiller boyunca bölgedeki Uygurlarla yakın temasta bulundukları için kültürleri Uygurların kültürlerine çok benzer. Gulca'da 1879 yılında Özbekler tarafından inşa edilmiş "" vardır; günümüz "Gulca 5 Nolu Ortaokulu" (伊宁市第五中学) de eskiden bir Özbek okuluymuş, fakat Özbek öğrenci sayısının az olması nedeniyle bu okulun işletmesine son verilmiştir.

Çin'de Özbek dili, dil bilimcileri tarafından nesli tükenmeye yakın olan bir dil olarak algılanır. Çin Özbekleri arasında Özbekçeyi hâlen konuşabilen az sayıda yaşlı insan var; bu insanların dışında, Gulca ve Kaşgar'daki Özbekler günlük hayatta Uygurca konuşurken, Mori Kazak Özerk İlçesi'ndeki Özbekler ise Kazakça konuşurlar. Bu durumun bazı olası nedenleri Sincan'daki Özbeklerin sayısının Uygurlar ve Kazaklardan çok daha az olması, Sincan'da (Uygur ve Kazak dillerinden farklı olarak) Özbek dilinin hükûmet, eğitim, medya, işyeri veya yayıncılıkta hiç kullanılmaması, ve Sincan Özbeklerinin yaygın olarak Uygurlar ve Kazaklarla evlenmeleridir.

Kaynakça

Çin'deki etnik gruplar

Özbekler


Barclaya longifolia, vrsta močvarne biljke iz porodice lopočevki (Nymphaeaceae) koja raste po tropskim kišnim šumama jugoistočne Azije. Općenito voli obale muljevitih sporih potoka, jezera i malih rijeka.

Drži se i po akvarijima

Sinonimi
 Barclaya pierreana Thorel ex Gagnep.
 Hydrostemma longifolium (Wall.) Mabb.

Izvori

Lopočevke
Flora Andamana
Flora Laosa
Flora Mjanmara
Flora Tajlanda
Flora Vijetnama

Barclaya longifolia


Klubina este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Čadca din regiunea Žilina. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 546 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Klubina este atestată documentar din 1662.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Klubina


Carrara marble, Luna marble to the Romans, is a type of white or blue-grey marble popular for use in sculpture and building decor. It has been quarried since Roman times in the mountains just outside the city of Carrara in the province of Massa and Carrara in the Lunigiana, the northernmost tip of modern-day Tuscany, Italy.

More marble has been extracted from the over 650 quarry sites near Carrara than from any other place. The pure white statuario grade was used for monumental sculpture, as "it has a high tensile strength, can take a high gloss polish and holds very fine detail". By the late 20th century this had now run out, and the considerable ongoing production is of stone with a greyish tint, or streaks of black or grey on white. This is still attractive as an architectural facing, or for tiles.

History
Carrara marble has been used since the time of Ancient Rome then called the "Luna marble".

In the Middle Ages, most of the quarries were owned by the Marquis Malaspina who in turn rented them to families of Carrara masters who managed both the extraction and transport of the precious material. Some of them, such as the Maffioli, who rented some quarries north of Carrara, in the Torano area, or, around 1490, Giovanni Pietro Buffa, who bought marble on credit from local quarrymen and then resold it on the Venetian market, were able to create a dense commercial network, exporting the marble even to distant locations. Just to cite an example, starting from 1474, first the Maffioli, then the Buffa, supplied the marble for the facade of the Certosa di Pavia, also taking care of the transport of the material which, by ship, after having circumnavigated Italy, reached the construction site of the monastery after having sailed up the Po and the Ticino by boat. Starting from the 16th century, Genoese stonecutters-merchants also entered this flourishing trade.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the marble quarries were monitored by the Cybo and Malaspina families who ruled over Massa and Carrara. The family created the "Office of Marble" in 1564 to regulate the marble mining industry. The city of Massa, in particular, saw much of its plan redesigned (new roads, plazas, intersections, pavings) in order to make it worthy of an Italian country's capital. Following the extinction of the Cybo-Malaspina family, the state was ruled by the House of Austria and management of the mines rested with them. The Basilica of Massa is built entirely of Carrara marble and the old Ducal Palace of Massa was used to showcase the stone.

By the end of the 19th century, Carrara had become a cradle of anarchism in Italy, in particular among the quarry workers. According to a New York Times article of 1894, workers in the marble quarries were among the most neglected labourers in Italy. Many of them were ex-convicts or fugitives from justice. The work at the quarries was so tough and arduous that almost any aspirant worker with sufficient muscle and endurance was employed, regardless of their background.

The quarry workers and stone carvers had radical beliefs that set them apart from others. Anarchism and general radicalism became part of the heritage of the stone carvers. Many violent revolutionists who had been expelled from Belgium and Switzerland went to Carrara in 1885 and founded the first anarchist group in Italy. In Carrara, the anarchist Galileo Palla remarked, "even the stones are anarchists." The quarry workers were the main actors of the Lunigiana revolt in January 1894.

Quarries

The Apuan Alps above Carrara show evidence of at least 650 quarry sites, with about half of them currently abandoned or worked out. The Carrara quarries have produced more marble than any other place on earth.

Working the quarries is and has always been dangerous. In September 1911, a collapsing cliff face at the Bettogli Quarry crushed 10 workers who were on lunch break under a precipice. A 2014 video made at a Carrara quarry shows workers with missing fingers, and workers performing hazardous, painfully noisy work who are not wearing protective gear of any kind.

The prize yield from Carrara quarries through millennia has been statuario, a pure white marble (coloring in other marbles arises from intermixture with other minerals present in the limestone as it is converted to marble by heat or pressure). However, by the end of the 20th century, the known deposits of statuario near Carrara were played out. The quarries continue to remove and ship up to a million tons/year of less-esteemed marble, mostly for export. This is predominantly streaked with black or grey.

Bianco Carrara classified in C and CD variations as well as Bianco Venatino and Statuarietto are by far the most common types with more expensive exotic variations such as Calacatta Gold, Calacatta Borghini, Calacatta Macchia Vecchia, Arabescato Cervaiole and Arabescato Vagli quarried throughout the Carrara area. Bardiglio has more black, and has been used since Roman times for architectural facings and floors.

Notable monuments and buildings

The marble from Carrara was used for some of the most remarkable buildings in Ancient Rome:
Temple of Proserpina – later reused in many buildings in Valletta
The Pantheon
Trajan's Column
Column of Marcus Aurelius
It was also used in many sculptures of the Renaissance including Michelangelo's David (1501–1504) whilst the statue to Robert Burns, which commands a central position in Dumfries, was carved in Carrara by Italian craftsmen working to Amelia Robertson Hill's model. It was unveiled by future UK Prime Minister Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery on 6 April 1882. Other notable occurrences include:
Marble Arch, London
Victoria Memorial, London
Some sections of the Palace of the Marqués de Dos Aguas, Valencia, Spain
Prem Mandir, Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh, India
Duomo di Siena, Siena, Italy
Sarcophagus of St. Hedwig, Queen of Poland, Cracow, Poland
Manila Cathedral (interior), Manila, Philippines
First Canadian Place, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Sheikh Zayed Mosque, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Harvard Medical School buildings, Boston, Massachusetts, US
Oslo Opera House, Oslo, Norway
Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial (Crosses and Stars of David), Normandy, France
Peace Monument, Washington, DC, US
King Edward VII Memorial, Birmingham, UK
Akshardham, Delhi, India
Aon Center (Chicago) Chicago, Illinois, US
Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US
Robba Fountain, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Finlandia Hall, Helsinki, Finland
Devon Tower, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, US
The Rotunda (University of Virginia), Charlottesville, Virginia, US
Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines—Administration Building
The Rome Italy Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Glasgow City Chambers, Scotland
General Grant National Memorial (Tomb), New York, New York, US
Winter Garden Atrium, World Financial Center, New York, New York, US
Saadian Tombs, Marrakesh, Morocco

Carrara marble has been designated by the International Union of Geological Sciences as a Global Heritage Stone Resource.

Use in isotopic standard
Calcite, obtained from an 80 kg sample of Carrara marble, is used as the IAEA-603 isotopic standard in mass spectrometry for the calibration of δ18O and δ13C.

Gallery

Degradation
The black yeast Micrococcus halobius can colonize Carrara marble by forming a biofilm and producing gluconic, lactic, pyruvic and succinic acids from glucose, as seen in the Dionysos Theater of the Acropolis in Athens.

See also
No Cav
List of types of marble
Lizza di Piastreta
Marmifera di Carrara railway
Lardo, a culinary specialty of the Carrara region commonly cured in basins made of Carrara marble

Notes

References

"Kings":The Art of Making in Antiquity: Stoneworking in the Roman World, King's College, London, "Material, Luna Marble"

Further reading

External links

 Official Website Calacatta Marble

Marble
Marble
Quarries in Italy

Carrara marble


An Philodendron panduriforme in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Sigismund Kunth, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Sigismund Kunth. An Philodendron panduriforme in nahilalakip ha genus nga Philodendron, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 P. p. panduriforme
 P. p. reichenbachianum

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Philodendron

Philodendron panduriforme


නිශ්ශංක මල්ල රජතුමා

නිශ්ශංක මල්ල රජතුමා කිර්ති නිශ්ශංක ලෙසද හැඳින්වෙන අතර කාලිංග ලෝකේශ්වර යනු 1187 සිට 1196 දක්වා රට පාලනය කළ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කෙනෙකි. ඔහු නිශ්ශංක ලතා මණ්ඩපය, හැටදාගේ, රන්කොත් විහාරය වැනි වෙහෙර විහාර තනා ඇත. රට පාලනය කිරීමට අයිතිය ඇත්තේ බෞද්ධයෙකුට පමණක් බව නිශ්ශංක මල්ල ප්‍රකාශ කළ අතර, එමඟින් තම තනතුර තහවුරු කර ගනිමින් රජකම සඳහා වූ ඉල්ලීම සාධාරණීකරණය කළේය. ඔහු විවිධ ඉදිකිරීම් සහ අලුත්වැඩියාවන් සඳහා විශාල මුදලක් වැය කළ අතර අපරාධ මැඩලීමේ උත්සාහයක් ලෙස මහජනතාවට මුදල් ලබා දුන්නේය. ඔහු රටවල් කිහිපයක් සමඟ සුහද සබඳතා පැවැත්වූ අතර දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේ පාණ්ඩ්‍යයන් සහ චෝල ප්‍රාන්ත ආක්‍රමණය කළේය.නිශ්ශංක මල්ල විසින් දඹුල්ලේ කරවන ලද සෙල් ලිපියක ඔහු කාලිංග රාජ වංශයේ අයෙකු බවත් විජය රජුගේ පරපුරෙන් පැවත එන්නෙකු බවත් සඳහන් වේ. නිශ්ශංක මල්ලගේ උපන් වර්ෂය 1157 හෝ 1158 වේ. ඔහු පාර්වතී රැජිනගේ සහ ජයගෝප රජුගේ පුත්‍රයාය. නිශ්ශංක මල්ලට කාලිංග සුබද්‍රාදේවි සහ ගංගාවංශ කල්‍යාණමහාදේවි නමින් භාර්යාවන් දෙදෙනෙක් සිටියහ. නිශ්ශංක මල්ල විසින් ඉදිකරන ලද නිශ්ශංක ලතා මණ්ඩපය සුවිශේෂී ගොඩනැඟිලි වර්ගයකි.හැටදාගෙය නිශ්ශංක මල්ල විසින් කරන ලද තවත් ඉදිකිරීමකි. මෙම ගොඩනැගිල්ල බුදුන් වහන්සේගේ දළදා වහන්සේ තැන්පත් කිරීම සඳහා ඉදිකරන ලද්දකි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිව්වන විශාලතම ස්ථූපය වන රන්කොත් විහාරය ද ඉදිකරන ලද්දේ නිශ්ශංක රජු මල්ල විසිනි.

Nishshankamalla


النتريلات عبارة عن صنف من المركبات العضوية والتي تحوي على المجموعة الوظيفية C≡N- والتي تدعى بمجموعة النتريل. توجد هناك رابطة ثلاثية في مجموعة النتريل بين الكربون والنتروجين.

تستخدم السابقة سيانو في تسمية المركبات الكيميائية الحاوية على مجموعة النتريل في البنية الجزيئية للمركب.
هناك طريقتين للتسسميه اما ذكر سيانيد ثم السلسلة الهيدروكربونيه
أو نبدل مقطع (ويك) من الحمض الكربوكسيلي المناظر واضافه مقطع نيتريل يصبح:اسيتو نيتريل.

معرض صور

مراجع

مجموعات وظيفية
نتريلات

نتريل


Wassung ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Helge Wassung (* 1934), deutscher Architekt und Autor

Wassung


Bucklick bezeichnet mehrere

Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Bucklick (South Carolina)
 Bucklick (Tennessee)

Bucklick


Garry Brown ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Garry Brown (Posaunist) (1928–2014), britischer Jazzposaunist und Musikagent
 Garry Brown (Leichtathlet) (* 1954), australischer Hürdenläufer
 Garry E. Brown (1923–1998), US-amerikanischer Politiker

Garry Brown


An Epidendrum diffusum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Olof Swartz. An Epidendrum diffusum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epidendrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Epidendrum

Epidendrum diffusum


Isla de Art (en francés: île Art; o Île d'Art) es una isla de Nueva Caledonia, situada a unos 50 km al noroeste de la punta norte de Grande Terre. Esta es la isla principal del archipiélago y comuna de las islas Belep, y uno de sus islas pobladas (la población melanesia de la vecina isla de Pott fue movida a finales del ).

Sus 895 habitantes se concentran en la costa oeste, divididos en siete tribus que se establecieron en torno a Waala (sede de la antigua misión marista) y la bahía del mismo nombre.

Véase también
 Francia de ultramar
 Imperio colonial francés

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización de la isla

Art

Isla de Art


Lukretius (Titus Lucretius Carus), MÖ 95 - MÖ 55 yılları arasında yaşamış Romalı şair ve filozof.

Eksik kalan yazılarını ölümünden bir süre sonra Cicero sona erdirmiş, derleyip düzenlemişti. Michel de Montaigne'in Denemeler'inde de, bu ünlü şairin sözlerine rastlanabilir.

Altı kitaptan oluşan De rerum natura (Doğa Üzerine) adlı eserinde Epikür'ün öğretisini açıklamaya çalışan Lukretius maddenin sakınımı yasası da açıkça ifade ediliyordu,

1. hiçten hiçbir şeyin çıkmayacağı ve

2. hiçbir şeyin ortadan kaldırılamayacağı

Varlığı madde ve boşluk olmak üzere iki parçaya ayırarak, bunlardan maddenin atomlardan meydana geldiğini  öne sürmüştür. Lukretius, daha sonra cismi de, bileşik ve basit diye, ikiye ayırmıştır. Bunlardan bileşik cisimler nesnelere, şeylere karşılık gelirler; buna karşın, basit cisimler atomlardır. Atomun varoluşunu öne sürdüğü için, maddenin sonsuzca bölünebilirliğine karşı çıkan Lukretius, bir yandan da atomların şekil ve ağırlıkları olduğunu, fakat renk, ses, koku ve tat gibi ikincil niteliklere sahip olmadığını iddia etmiştir. Maddenin temel yapı taşı olan atomların sınırlı türlere sahip olduğunu, fakat sınırsız sayıda olduklarını iddia etmiştir. İnsan da, bir beden ve ruhtan oluşmuştur ama aynı maddeden ya da atomlardan meydana gelmiştir. Fakat ruhu oluşturan atomların bedendeki atomlardan daha ince bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Roma dünyasının Stoacılık'la tanışmasına yardımcı olmuştur.

Evren konusunda da Aristoteles evrenin sınırlı, küre biçiminde olmayıp, merkezi olmayan olarak tasarlamasına karşın, Lucretius, evrenin sınırsız, küre biçiminde olduğunu savunmuştur.Lucretius'un evreninde, her biri canlılar gibi doğan, büyüyen ve ölen Dünya'lar
vardır.

Ontoloji konusunda, "Beden ve ruh, birlikte doğar ve birlikte ölürler, yani beden öldüğünde, ruh da ölecektir. O halde, öldükten sonra
dirilme inancı yanlıştır" der.

Epistemoloji de "Duyum, yani hissetme, duyumu oluşturan nesnelerden çıkan atomların duyu organlarına ulaşmasıyla gerçekleşir. Tat alma, görme, koklama, işitme gibi duyumlar, farklı atomların farklı alıcılar tarafından algılanması ile meydana gelir. Canlılar, zamanla, değişim ve evrimleşmeye uğrayarak, basitten karmaşıklığa doğru giderler" gibi düşünceleri vardır.

Türkçede Lukretius
Evrenin Yapısı, Çeviri: Tomris Uyar, Turgut Uyar, İyi Şeyler Yayıncılık

Varlığın Yapısı, Çeviri: İsmet Zeki Eyüboğlu, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Klasikleri

Kaynakça

MÖ 95 doğumlular
MÖ 55 yılında ölenler
Roma dönemi filozofları
Roma dönemi şairleri
Epik şiir

Titus Lucretius Carus


محمد تشيتي  (مواليد 31 يناير 1984 في بوجمبورا - بوروندي) لاعب كرة قدم بوروندي يحمل أيضا الجنسية البلجيكية يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى ريسينغ سانتاندر الإسباني منذ 2007 في مركز المهاجم .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في رومانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية بلجيكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية بورونديون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بوجومبورا
بلجيكيون من أصل رواندي
بلجيكيون من أصل كونغولي ديمقراطي
بورونديون من أصل رواندي
بورونديون من أصل كونغولي ديمقراطي
بورونديون مهاجرون إلى بلجيكا
لاعبو نادي أندرلخت
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي للمحترفين
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الروماني
لاعبو راسينغ سانتاندير
لاعبو ستاندارد لييج
لاعبو كرة قدم بلجيكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم بورونديون
لاعبو كرة قدم كونغوليون ديمقراطيون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في رومانيا
لاعبو كلوب بروج
لاعبو نادي بترولول بلويشتي
لاعبو نادي سينت ترويدن
مواليد 1984
مواليد في بوجومبورا
رياضيون من بوجومبورا
لاعبو منتخب بوروندي تحت 20 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو كرة قدم من بوجومبورا

محمد تشيتي


Harvard Square is a triangular plaza at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue, Brattle Street and John F. Kennedy Street near the center of Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The term "Harvard Square" is also used to delineate the business district and Harvard University surrounding that intersection, which is the historic center of Cambridge. Adjacent to Harvard Yard, the historic heart of Harvard University, the Square (as it is sometimes called, locally) functions as a commercial center for Harvard students, as well as residents of western Cambridge, the western and northern neighborhoods and the inner suburbs of Boston.  The Square is served by Harvard station, a major MBTA Red Line subway and a bus transportation hub.

In an extended sense, the name "Harvard Square" can also refer to the entire neighborhood surrounding this intersection for several blocks in each direction.  The nearby Cambridge Common has become a park area with a playground, baseball field, and a number of monuments, several relating to the Revolutionary War.

Location

The heart of Harvard Square is the junction of Massachusetts Avenue and Brattle Street. Massachusetts Avenue enters from the southeast (a few miles after crossing the Charles River from Boston at MIT), and turns sharply to the north at the intersection, which is dominated by a large pedestrian space incorporating the current MBTA subway headhouse (entrance), an older subway headhouse building which formerly housed a newsstand, a visitor information kiosk, and a small open-air performance space ("The Pit"). Brattle Street and John F. Kennedy Street merge from the southwest, joining Massachusetts Avenue at 1 Brattle Street, where another newsstand used to be located. The Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society main building forms the western streetwall at the intersection, along with a bank and some retail shops.

Nearby places
The walled enclosure of Harvard Yard is adjacent, with Harvard University, Harvard Extension School, Harvard Art Museums, Semitic Museum, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, and Museum of Natural History just short walks away.

Other institutions in the general neighborhood include the Cambridge Public Library, Lesley University, the Longy School of Music, the Episcopal Divinity School,  the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, American Repertory Theater, the Cooper-Frost-Austin House, the Hooper-Lee-Nichols House, and the Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site.

The high pedestrian traffic makes Harvard Square a gathering place for street musicians and buskers, who must obtain a permit from the Cambridge Arts Council. Singer-songwriter  Tracy Chapman, who attended nearby Tufts University, is known to have played here during her college years.  Amanda Palmer, of the Dresden Dolls, regularly performed here as a "living statue". Another frequent performer over the years has been indie rock guitarist Mary Lou Lord. A small bronze statue of "Doo Doo" (a puppet created by Igor Fokin) sits at the corner of Brattle and Eliot streets, in honor of Fokin and all the street performers. The Flying Karamazov Brothers also performed regularly in Brattle Square.

Other features

Until 1984, the Harvard Square stop was the northern terminus of the Red Line, and it still functions as a major transfer station between subway, bus, and trackless trolley.  Most of the bus lines serving the area from the north and west run through a tunnel adjacent to the subway tunnel. Originally built for streetcars (which last ran in 1958) and still used by trackless trolleys as well as ordinary buses, the tunnel lessens bus traffic in central Harvard Square, and lets buses cross the Square without encountering automobile traffic.  The tunnel also allows covered access between the subway and the buses.

At the center of the Square is the old Harvard Square Subway Kiosk, which held a newsstand Out of Town News until its close in 2020. A public motion art installation, Lumen Eclipse, shows monthly exhibitions of local, national, and international artists.

The office of NPR's Car Talk radio show faced the square, with a stencil in the window that reads "Dewey, Cheetham & Howe," the fictional law firm often referenced on the show.

In the southwest of the neighborhood, on Mount Auburn St, stands the Igor Fokin Memorial.  This memorial, created by sculptor Konstantin Simun, pays tribute not only to the late puppeteer, but to all street performers that are an integral part of the square.

A number of public squares dot the surrounding streets, notably Brattle Square and Winthrop Square, hosting a wide variety of street performers throughout the year. Brattle Street itself is home to the Brattle Theater (a non-profit  arthouse theater) and the American Repertory Theater. The John F. Kennedy Memorial Park, one block further down JFK Street, is on the bank of the Charles River.  Cambridge Common is two blocks north.

The Square attracts activists for unconventional political factions and has its share of panhandlers. Although Tom Magliozzi derided it as "the bum capital of the world", it is a popular site to people-watch, having many benches, terraces, and sidewalk restaurants and cafes dedicated for that purpose.

History

Although today a commercial center, the Square had famous residents in earlier periods, including the colonial poet Anne Bradstreet.

Transformation

Discussions of how the Square has changed in recent years usually center on the gentrification of the Harvard Square neighborhood and Cambridge in general. The Square also used to be a neighborhood shopping center, including a grocery store (Sages) and a Woolworth's five and ten.  Although a hardware store (Dickson Hardware at 26 Brattle Street) survived until 2021 amid chain drug stores and bank branches, the Square is mainly a regional rather than neighborhood shopping destination, serving students and commuters.

In 1981 and 1987 the Harvard Square Theater was converted into a multiplex cinema; it later became part of the Loews Cineplex Entertainment chain and then closed on July 8, 2012.  During the late 1990s, some locally run businesses with long-time shopfronts on the Square—including the unusual Tasty Diner, a tiny sandwich shop open long hours, and the Wursthaus, a German restaurant with an extensive beer menu—closed to make way for national chains. Elsie's Lunch, a long-popular deli, has also closed; what remained of its small corner storefront space facing Lowell House on Mount Auburn Street is now occupied by an ATM. Another long-time restaurant, the 64-year-old Leo's Place, closed in December 2013 when the landlord of the property terminated their lease.

The student co-op, the Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society ("The Coop", founded in 1882) is now managed by Barnes & Noble, though it is still overseen by a board elected by its membership of Harvard and MIT students and staff. Schoenhof's Foreign Books is owned by the French Éditions Gallimard. Major bookstores Paperback Booksmith, Reading International, and Barilari Books had closed by the end of the 1990s.  WordsWorth Books at 30 Brattle Street closed in 2004, after 29 years as a fixture in the Square. In the same year, the famous Grolier Poetry Bookshop announced that it would be sold (although it survived under new management). Globe Corner Bookstore converted to an exclusively online business, serving its last walk-in customer on July 4, 2011.

Following national trends, the former Harvard Trust Company has been absorbed into the national Bank of America through a series of mergers.  Several establishments remain as longstanding, locally-run businesses with unique styles. Examples include Leavitt & Peirce tobacconists (est. 1883), Laflamme Barber Shop (est. 1898), Harvard Book Store (est. 1932), Cardullo's Gourmet Shoppe (est. 1950), Charlie's Kitchen (est. 1951), the Brattle Theater (est. 1953), the Hong Kong Chinese restaurant (est. 1954), Club Passim (est. 1958), Café Pamplona (est. 1959), Mr. Bartley's Burger Cottage (est. 1960), Million Year Picnic comics (est. 1970), Algiers Coffee House (est. 1970), and Grendel's Den (est. 1971).

In film and other media
The 1969 film Goodbye, Columbus takes place in Harvard Square near the film's conclusion, after the Richard Benjamin character learns that his girlfriend, Brenda Potimkin (played by Ali MacGraw), an undergraduate at Radcliffe College, had left her diaphragm in the top drawer of her bureau at home for her mother to discover.

The 1970 film Love Story, by the late Harvard University alumnus and Yale University professor of classics Erich Segal, takes place almost entirely in and around Harvard Square during its first two-thirds, while Harvard undergraduates Oliver Barrett and Jenny Cavalieri meet; finish college; get married; and Oliver goes to Harvard Law School while Jenny teaches school, living in a second-story walk-up in Agassiz. The film continues to be screened annually to incoming freshmen at Harvard College during orientation week.

The 1973 film The Paper Chase, set at Harvard Law School, features Harvard Square landmarks of its era, including the old Out of Town Newsstand, the old MBTA Harvard station kiosk with its "8 Minutes to Park Street" sign, and the now-defunct Kupersmith's Florists.

The 1977 film Between the Lines features similar Harvard Square footage as well as aerial footage of the Back Bay.

The 1994 film With Honors has a scene filmed in Harvard Square in which the Out of Town Newsstand is featured.  In the scene, Monty approaches Simon as he (Simon) is attempting to sell newspapers he took out of a vending machine.

Various parts of the 1997 film Good Will Hunting were filmed in and around Harvard Square, most notably at the former Tasty Sandwich Shop and the outdoor seating area of the square's largest Au Bon Pain café.

The 2005 documentary film Touching History; Harvard Square, the Bank, and The Tasty Diner chronicles the changing face of the Square, as a small diner (The Tasty) closes its doors to make way for a large retail space.

Ben Affleck shot portions of his film The Town (2010) in Grendel's Den on Winthrop Street, locally famous in the 1970s for its chocolate fondue.

The 2015 game Fallout 4 features Harvard Square as an in-game location. Though the layout of the surrounding area is not accurate, the Cambridge visitor's Center kiosk is present.

Gallery

See also
Design Research
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Orson Welles Cinema
William Brattle House
Conductor's Building
St. Paul Church (Cambridge, Massachusetts)

References
Notes

Citations

Further reading

 Sullivan, Charles M., "Harvard Square History and Development", Cambridge Historical Commission

External links

 Harvard Square History and Development
 Postcard view, ca. 1930-1945

Bookstore neighborhoods
Busking venues
Cultural history of Boston
Landmarks in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Historic districts in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Neighborhoods in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Squares in Cambridge, Massachusetts

Harvard Square


Pinus contorta, with the common names lodgepole pine and shore pine, and also known as twisted pine, and contorta pine, is a common tree in western North America. It is common near the ocean shore and in dry montane forests to the subalpine, but is rare in lowland rain forests. Like all pines (member species of the genus Pinus), it is an evergreen conifer.

Description
Depending on subspecies, Pinus contorta grows as an evergreen shrub or tree. The shrub form is krummholz and is approximately  high. The thin and narrow-crowned tree can grow  high and achieve up to  in diameter at chest height. The murrayana subspecies is the tallest. The crown is rounded and the top of the tree is flattened. In dense forests, the tree has a slim, conical crown. The formation of twin trees is common in some populations in British Columbia. The elastic branches stand upright or overhang and are difficult to break. The branches are covered with short shoots that are easy to remove.

The species name is contorta because of the twisted, bent pines found at coastal areas (shore pine) and the tree's twisted needles. Pinus contorta is occasionally known under several English names: black pine, scrub pine, and coast pine. P. contorta subsp. latifolia will hybridise with the closely related jack pine (P. banksiana).

The bark of lodgepole pine is thin, scaly and grayish brown. Shore pine bark is somewhat thick and corky, fissuring into a checkered pattern. Some lodgepole pines have been reported in low elevations with features closer to those of the shore pine, including the bark.

Tamarack pine can grow up to centuries old and lodgepole pines in Yellowstone Park have survived over 300 years.

Foliage

The egg-shaped growth buds are reddish-brown and between  long. They are short pointed, slightly rotated, and very resinous. Spring growth starts in beginning of April and the annual growth is completed by early July. The dark and mostly shiny needles are pointed and  long and  wide. The needle edge is weakly to strongly serrated. The needles are in pairs on short shoots and rotated about the shoots' longitudinal axes. In Alberta above , 1 to 5 needles occur per short shoot. A population with a high proportion of three-needled short shoots occurs in the Yukon. Needles live an average of four to six years, with a maximum of 13 years. The foliage of lodgepole pine is yellow-green as compared to shore pine, which is dark green.

Cones
The cones of lodgepole and shore pine begin to be produced when the trees are about ten years old. The cones are  long, with prickles on the scales.

Many populations of the Rocky Mountain subspecies, P. contorta subsp. latifolia, have serotinous cones. This means that the cones are closed and must be exposed to high temperatures, such as from forest fires, in order to open and release their seeds. The variation in their serotiny has been correlated with wildfires and mountain pine beetle attacks. The cones of the coastal Pacific subspecies, P. contorta subsp. contorta, are typically non-serotinous, and those of the inland Pacific subspecies, P. contorta subsp. murrayana, are completely non-serotinous.

Distribution
Pinus contorta occurs from upper, dry montane forests to the subalpine region of western North America. It can be found on the western side of the Cascades, in inland British Columbia, and on the Rocky Mountains in Alberta, except where it is too high and dry. Lodgepole pine can tolerate relatively hostile environments such as high-elevation volcanic rock in Central Oregon (e.g. Crater Lake) and thin soils on the eastern slope of the Cascades. Further south, the species can be found in higher elevations up to  above sea level, particularly in southern Colorado. It is rare in lowland rain forests. Shore pine can be found in very infertile soils in coastal regions from Southeast Alaska to Northern California.

Lodgepole and shore pine can be found intermingled (and apparently hybridized) north of Puget Sound. Less dependent on fire, tamarack pine can be found in California's upper mountains and mingled with lodgepole in Oregon. Pinus contorta can be found in the closed-cone pine forest of coastal California.

Ecology
Pinus contorta is a fire-dependent species, requiring wildfires to maintain healthy populations of diverse ages. The thin bark of the lodgepole pine minimizes its defense to fire, although the heat of fire opens the cones to release the seeds. This allows the species to regenerate and maintain its place in the forest habitat. It otherwise fares poorly in crowds as other species are more shade tolerant, although some (e.g. firs) are more susceptible to fire.

The natural fire regime for this species is primarily driven by climate. The fires occur most often after years of drought. Forests in the upper montane to subalpine region experience much moisture in the winter via snow. The density of tree stands with the species inhibit the establishment of an understory (allowing ladder fuel to form), and surface fire is rare regardless. Thus, infrequent but severe fires dominate this species.

An example of the climate that plays a huge role in the fire regime of the species is quite complex. There are three different oscillations that play a major role in droughts. These are the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and El Niño (ENSO). A combination of these oscillations being in effect (+) or not in effect (−) have a global effect on the water available to these forests. The combination of AMO +, ENSO − and PDO − means there is going to be a drought and likely a severe subalpine fire.

Suillus tomentosus, a fungus, produces specialized structures called tuberculate ectomycorrhizae with the roots of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). These structures have been shown to be the location of concentrations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria which contribute a significant amount of nitrogen to tree growth and allow the pines to colonize nutrient-poor sites.

Porcupines consume the inner bark of lodgepole pine.

Threats
Larger members of the species are attacked by mountain pine beetles, which it fights with pitch but can be overwhelmed. It is also affected by blue stain fungus (Grosmannia clavigera), which the mountain pine beetle carries in its mouth. Dwarf mistletoe also leeches off the species. Both the threat of pine beetles and dwarf mistletoe are curbed by wildfires, which occurred less in the 20th century due to firefighting. More recently, unthreatening lightning-sparked fires have been allowed to burn in wilderness areas in Idaho and Montana. Exceptional cold can kill some of the beetles.

A study released in 2011 concluded that Pinus contorta could experience significant reductions in distribution due to climate change by the late 21st century.

As an invasive species
Pinus contorta is considered a serious invasive species of wilding conifer in New Zealand, along with several other western North American pine species. It is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord and is prohibited from sale, commercial propagation, and distribution.

Subspecies
There are four subspecies of Pinus contorta, and one of them is sometimes considered to have two varieties. The subspecies are sometimes treated at the rank of variety.

Uses

Construction
The common name "lodgepole pine" comes from the custom of Native Americans using the tall, straight trees to construct lodges (tepees) in the Rocky Mountain area. Lodgepole pine was used by European settlers to build log cabins. Logs are still used in rural areas as posts, fences, lumber, and firewood. Shore pine pitch has historically been used as glue.

Tree plantations of Pinus contorta have been planted extensively in Norway, Sweden, Ireland and the UK for forestry, such as timber uses. In Iceland it is used for reforestation and afforestation purposes. It is also commonly used for pressure-treated lumber throughout North America.

Food
Native Americans consumed the inner bark of lodgepole pine to prevent starvation for themselves and their horses. The lodgepole pine cambium layer's edibility is dependent on thickness, consistency, and sweetness.

Medicinal
The indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest and of California used different parts of the plant internally and externally as a traditional medicine for various ailments. The gum of shore pine was used medicinally as well as for chewing.

Cultivation
Pinus contorta is cultivated as an ornamental tree by the horticulture industry. Plant nurseries grow Pinus contorta subsp. contorta and Pinus contorta subsp. murrayana for use in traditional and wildlife gardens, and as smaller selections of the native plant for natural landscaping. The shore pine's smaller varieties and cultivars are also used in container gardening, including as large bonsai specimens.

Cultivars of this species include:
 "Chief Joseph", a dwarf variety of Pinus contorta var. latifolia grown for its yellow winter needles
 "Spaan's Dwarf", a dwarf variety of Pinus contorta var. contorta that grows wider than it grows tall

The cultivar "Chief Joseph" has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Emblem
Lodgepole pine is the provincial tree of Alberta, Canada.

References

External links

 University of Wisconsin: Lodgepole forest webpage
 Virginia Tech dendrology website: Pinus contorta
 Guardian (U.K.) article: "Plague of beetles raises climate change fears for American beauty"
 Picea sitchensis – information, genetic conservation units and related resources. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN)

Flora of California
Flora of the Rocky Mountains
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Garden plants of North America
Least concern flora of the United States
Least concern plants
Ornamental trees
contorta
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
Provincial symbols of Alberta
Trees of Baja California
Trees of mild maritime climate
Trees of the Northwestern United States
Trees of the West Coast of the United States
Trees of Western Canada
Trees of Alaska

Pinus contorta


Contribuția (de multe ori exprimat la plural: contribuții) este un tribut ce trebuie plătit de către contribuabil sau de către beneficiarul vreunei utilități economice, a cărei justificare este obținerea de către subiectul pasiv (cetățeanul receptor) a unui beneficiu sau a unei creșteri în valoare la ale lor juridice bunuri, ca o consecință a realizării lucrărilor publice sau a stabilizării sau extinderii de servicii publice. Se plătește pentru îmbunătățiri realizate, deși nu în mod neapărat trebuie să existe proporționalitate între ceea ce se plătește și beneficiile primite.

Contribuțiile pot fi stabilite la nivel statal, regional sau local, dar, sunt acestea din urmă cele în care se ajunge la cea mai pronunțată expresivitate și semnificativitate, pentru că este mai ușor de semnalizat o cotă globală care să poată să fie împărțită între populația vreunui anumit sector municipal decât este de semnalizat în sectoarele superioare, deoarece lucrările și serviciile municipale, au o palpabilitate mult mai apropiată de cetățeni și dezvăluie beneficiul sau creșterea într-un mai special, cu scopul de a se converti într-un punct de referință pentru impozitare și pentru plata taxelor pentru sarcinile stabilite Statului..

Contribuția este o obligație juridică izvorâtă din Dreptul Public, obligație destinată sprijinirii costurilor publice, de formă proporțională și echitabilă.
În conformitate cu art. 31 dintr-a lor constituție, mexicanii sunt obligați să contribuie la susținerea cheltuielilor publice într-o manieră proporțională și echitabilă prevăzută de lege; această proporționalitate și echitate fiind interpretată în mai multe rânduri de către Curtea Supremă de Justiție a Națiunii (este exemplificat aici Mexicul), ca sinonim al sintagmei "capacitate contributivă".

Putem aprecia în Constituția mexicană următoarele principii aplicabile contribuțiilor:
 Principiul de legalitate.
 Principiul de egalitate.
 Principiul de generalitate

Contribuția teritorială
Pot să aibă luarea în considerare a impozitelor directe, în special a impozitului pe proprietate, a impozitului pe teren sau a impozitului pe bunuri imobile, de natură rustică sau urbană.

Acest impozit este stabilit de către Stat, printr-o lege, și corespunde unui procent de evaluare fiscală a proprietății sau a bunurilor imobiliare.

Contribuție socială
De asemenea, sunt denumite drept contribuții, contribuțiile sociale sau contribuțiile pentru îmbunătățiri, care sunt adesea denumite, de asemenea, contribuții sociale (procentaj din salarii , care se impune a fi plătit de către angajatori și de către lucrători pentru a se finanța, Securizarea Socială, asigurarea de șomaj, pensia, accidentele de muncă, invaliditatea, asigurarea de sănătate sau orice alt tip de contingență).

Link-uri externe

Note

Fiscalitate

Contribuție


Seille ( (udtale: [la sɛj]?), ) er en flod i det nordøstlige Frankrig. Det er en biflod til Mosel. Den er også kendt som Seille lorraine eller Grande Seille ("store Seille"), for at skelne den fra en anden Seille, en lille biflod til Saône.

Den udspringer nær Azoudange, i departementet Mosel. Efter Lindre-søen, passerer den uden om byen Dieuze, og krydser Vic-sur-Seille og Nomeny inden den løber ud i Mosel i Metz. Den er 138 km lang, og afvander et område på 1348 km². Det meste af  vejen ligger floden i Mosel, bortset fra  mellem Aulnois-sur-Seille og Cheminot, som er i Meurthe-et-Moselle. Seille danner også skellet mellem Mosel og Meurthe-et-Moselle fra Chambrey ved Aulnois-sur-Seille.

Øvre løb

Med udspring i Pond-regionen, krydser Seille derpå  Saulnois, en region i den sydlige del af Mosel. Denne sektion af floden er en del af Parc naturel régional de Lorraine ("Regionale naturpark i Lorraine"). Floden strømmer derefter ind i en stor dal, hvor jorden hovedsageligt består af mergel og ler. Siden middelalderen er der gjort meget arbejde for at gøre floden sejlbar i dette område, for at dræne sumpe og for at begrænse oversvømmelserne af tilstødende lavtliggende områder.

Dens lineære forløb og træløse bredder gør at den ikke har stor landskabsmæssig betydning og erosionen af dens bredder skaber problemer. På trods af dette, er dalen af biologisk interesse: saltvandsfremkomster har ført til, at der er forskellige plantearter, som normalt kun findes ved kystlinjer, herunder salturt, strandasters og hindeknæ.

Fra  2004 er der sket genplantning af flodens bredder.

Seille har en række bifloder, de mest vigtige er:
 Spin og Verbach, i Dieuze (højre bred)
 Ruisseau de Videlange  i nærheden af Mulcey (højre bred)
 Nard, i Marsal (venstre bred)
 Petite Seille i Salonnes (højre bred)
 Loutre Noire i Moncel-sur-Seille (venstre bred)

Nedre løb
Seilles nedre løb er langt mere snoet langs grænsen til departementet Moselle.

Denne del af floden har forholdsvis få bifloder:
 Osson, ved Ajoncourt
 Ruisseau Saint-Jean i Létricourt (højre bred)
 Ruisseau Saint-Pierre
Endelig, i Metz, efter at have passeret Porte des Allemands (et 1300-tals slot), flyder Seille ud i Mosel (højre bred).

Flora og fauna
Floden er klassificeret som "Kategori II" (kategorier er baseret på typer af fisk), og er levested for et meget stort antal forskellige fisk.
Det er også hjem for en række andre dyr såsom odder, hejrer og sommerfuglelarver. Seille lider under eutrofiering.

Stednavne
Mange byer og landsbyer indeholder navnet på floden. Her er nogle eksempler: Aboncourt-sur-Seille, Aulnois-sur-Seille, Bey-sur-Seille, Brin-sur-Seille, Mønt-sur-Seille, Haraucourt-sur-Seille, Mailly-sur-Seille, Malaucourt-sur-Seille, Moncel-sur-Seille, Morville ' -sur-Seille, Port-sur-Seille, og Vic-sur-Seille.
Endelsen "sur-Seille" betyder "ved Seille".

Eksterne henvisninger

 Seille på Sandre databasen
 Billeder og Historien om Seille

Floder i Frankrig

Seille (Moselle)


Eustephia, rod južnoameričkog bilja iz porodice zvanikovki smješten u tribus Eustephieae. Postoji šest priznatih vrsta, od kojih su pet peruanski endemi, a jedna je iz Bolivije i Perua, i sve su lukovičasti geofiti.

Sestrinski je rod s vrstama rod Chlidanthus, Hieronymiella i Pyrolirion s mkojima čini tribus Eustephieae. Većina vrsta raste na velikim nadmorskim visinama suptropskih šuma južnog Perua. Odlikuju se cjevastim cvjetovima ružičaste do crvene boje, i donekle nalikuju cvjetovima fedranasa (Phaedranassa). Lukovice rastu preko ljeta, dok zimi miruju.

Vrste
 Eustephia armifera J.F.Macbr.
 Eustephia coccinea Cav.
 Eustephia darwinii Vargas
 Eustephia hugoei Vargas
 Eustephia kawidei Vargas
 Eustephia longibracteata Vargas

Izvori

Amaryllidoideae

Eustephia


An Spathiphyllum lanceifolium in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Spathiphyllum lanceifolium in nahilalakip ha genus nga Spathiphyllum, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Spathiphyllum

Spathiphyllum lanceifolium


Cakera (翔~カケラ~裸) é o quinto álbum de estúdio da banda japonesa Laputa, lançado em 9 de junho de 1999 pela Toshiba EMI. Os singles do álbum são "Feelin' the Sky", "Virgin cry", "Chimes" e "Breath", que foi usada como música tema do programa de televisão "Rank Oukoku". Foi o único álbum da banda a incluir quatro singles e o que marcou a transição da banda para a inclusão de elementos da música eletrônica.

Recepção
Assim como o álbum anterior, Cakera alcançou a 10ª posição na Oricon Albums Chart, que foi a posição mais alta de um álbum da banda. Permaneceu na parada por 3 semanas e vendeu certa de 49,920 cópias. Na Billboard Japan, alcançou a 17ª posição.

Os singles "Virgin cry", "Chimes", "Breath" e "Feelin' the sky" alcançaram a 23ª, 25ª, 29ª e 15ª posição na Oricon Singles Chart, respectivamente. "Feelin' the sky" também ranqueou na Billboard Japan, na 19ª posição.

Em crítica sobre Cakera, CD Journal comentou: "A qualidade da música e do arranjo são impecáveis, e o acabamento é bem denso."

Faixas

Ficha técnica
 Aki - vocais
 Kouichi - guitarra
 Junji - baixo
 Tomoi - bateria

Álbuns de Laputa
Álbuns de 1999
Álbuns de rock
Álbuns em língua japonesa

Cakera


Beşiktaş Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa İskelesi, İstanbul, Beşiktaş'ta, Beşiktaş-Kadıköy seferlerinin yapıldığı iskele binası.

2004-05'te inşa edilen yeni iskeleden önceki iskele, Beşiktaş İskelesi'nin artan yolcu yükünü paylaştırmak amacıyla eskiden var olan ahşap iskelenin yerine 1982'de, yapısı ve iskelesi betonarme olarak yapılmıştı. Dikdörtgen planlı ve tek katlı yapının uzun kenarı denize paraleldi.

Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa İskelesi 2004-05 arasında yeniden inşa edilerek bugünkü görünümüne kavuştu. Türkiye'nin geçirdiği kimlik tereddütleri mimari anlayışa da yansımış milli mimari unsurlarının mimaride kullanılması 1. Milli Mimari Dönemi'nden sonra terkedilmişti.

70 yıl sonra ilk defa yapılan geleneksel mimari unsurları Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa İskelesi'nde kullanıldı.

Çatı kaplaması geleneksel kenetli kurşun. Çatıda kullanılan topuzlar son iki yüzyıldan sonra ilk defa bir sivil yapıda yapılıyor.

Osmanlı sivil mimarisinde yapıların çatısında topuzlar kullanılır ve "bir topuzlu, iki topuzlu .. " şeklinde yapıların büyüklüğü adlandırılırken, batılılaşma akımı sonucunda İstanbul'da kullanımı terkedilmiştir.

Günümüzde İstanbul'da çatısında topuz olan yapı kalmamışken, Yunanistan sınırları içinde özellikle Rodos'ta Osmanlı yapıları çatılarında hala topuz görmek mümkündür. Mimarları Erkan İnce ve M. Hilmi Şenalp'tır.

16 Mayıs 2010'da elektrik kontağından çıktığı sanılan yangınla büyük hasar gördü ve kullanılamaz hale geldi. Kısa süre içinde onarılarak tekrar hizmete girdi.

Çevre alanı
 Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi
 Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa Türbesi
 Beşiktaş Anadolu Lisesi
 Beşiktaş Kültür Merkezi
 Beşiktaş Metro İstasyonu
 Beşiktaş Meydanı
 Büyük Beşiktaş Çarşısı
 Sinan Paşa Camii (Beşiktaş)

Kaynakça

Beşiktaş'taki altyapı
Beşiktaş'ta ulaşım
Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa
Türkiye'deki ahşap yapılar
Sinanpaşa, Beşiktaş

Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa İskelesi


La porte Gayole est une porte de ville situé à Boulogne-sur-Mer, en France. Construite à l'époque médiévale, elle est un des éléments défensifs des fortifications de Boulogne-sur-Mer.

Généralités
Le monument est situé dans la vieille ville de Boulogne-sur-Mer, dans le département du Pas-de-Calais, en région des Hauts de France, en France. Sur le tracé du quadrilatère des anciens remparts, la porte est une des quatre portes de ville de l'ancienne ville fortifiée de Boulogne-sur-Mer et est située sur le côté sud-Est (à l'est se trouvait la porte Flamengue, à l'ouest, la porte des degrès et au nord la porte des Dunes).

Le nom de la porte viens du patois boulonnais Gaïole, geôles, car la tour a servi un temps de prison.

Histoire
La porte est construite entre 1227 et 1231, en même temps que le reste des fortifications sous l'impulsion de Philippe Hurepel de Clermont, alors comte de Boulogne.

Un bâtiment annexe, logement du chef du génie, est construit en 1689 et remanié en 1743 et 1872. Ce bâtiment sera endommagé en 1940 lors de la seconde Guerre mondiale et sera démoli en 1956.

La tour sert de prison entre 1800 et 1850 et un passage pour piétons est aménagé en 1941.

La porte est classée au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du 21 juin 1905, modifié par arrêté du 15 novembre 1905.

Architecture
La porte suit un plan de type philippien : deux tours massives en plan en U en saillie sur la muraille entourent un passage de porte. Les tours sont percées d'archères. Le passage de porte est vouté en arc brisé.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques du Pas-de-Calais

Monument historique dans le Pas-de-Calais
Monument historique classé en 1905
Porte monument historique en France

Porte Gayole


O Tratado de Amizade e Cooperação entre Portugal e Espanha () foi um tratado bilateral, assinado entre a República Portuguesa e o Reino de Espanha a 28 de outubro de 2021, com o objetivo de atualizar o acordo anterior, de 1977, dando continuidade aos laços de amizade e solidariedade entre os dois países europeus.

2021 na Espanha
2021 em Portugal
Tratados entre Espanha e Portugal
Tratados assinados em 2021

Tratado de Amizade e Cooperação entre Portugal e Espanha (2021)


1992 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda halter müsabakaları, 26 Temmuz - 4 Ağustos 1992 tarihleri arasında İspanya'nın Barselona kentinde düzenlendi.

Madalya tablosu

Madalya özeti

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Resmi Olimpiyat Raporu

Olimpiyatlarda halter
Yaz Olimpiyatları
halter
İspanya'da halter

1992 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda halter


غايل مايا ( في بوغينسي)  لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب حاليا في نادي الدرجة الرابعة إنتينت الفرنسي منذ 2005 في خط الوسط .

لعب مايا في نادي بوردو (2004-2005) .

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو إنتينت
لاعبو بوردو
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
مواليد 1984

غايل مايا


Porsche Cayman, Alman otomobil üreticisi Porsche tarafından 2005 yılında piyasaya sunulan; ortadan motorlu, arkadan itişli, iki koltuklu, iki kapılı  coupé spor otomobil. Porsche'nin giriş seviyesi roadster otomobili Boxster platformundan geliştirilmiş, ancak sabit tavanı sayesinde gövde rijiditesi daha başarılı olmuştur. Bu rijidite sayesinde daha sert süspansiyonlar kullanılabilmiştir.

Cayman S, Valmet, Finlandiya fabrikasında Boxster ile beraber üretilmektedir. Cayman ismi, caiman isimli bir timsah türünden alınmıştır.

Cayman
Boksör motorlu taşıtlar
2005'te tanıtılan otomobiller
Arkadan itişli taşıtlar
Motoru ortada olan taşıtlar
Coupe otomobiller

Porsche Cayman


Nicolae Mihulin (n. 1878, Prăjești – d. 1941, Mânerău) a fost un deputat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
Nicolae Mihulin a fost profesor la Școala Pedagogică Arad. După 1918 a fost director la Liceul de fete, apoi la cel de băieți din Arad.

Activitatea politică

Ca deputat în Adunarea Națională din 1 decembrie 1918 a reprezentat, ca delegat de drept, Societatea Fondului pentru ajutorarea ziariștilor români din Transilvania, Banat și părțile locuite de români din Ungaria.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7
 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005, ISBN 973-27-1258-9 (vol. I); ISBN 973-27-1264-3 (vol. II)

Lectură suplimentară
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în 1878
Decese în 1941
Profesori români
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nicolae Mihulin


Massaker, Sabra et Chatila par ses bourreaux est un documentaire réalisé par Monika Borgmann, Lokman Slim et Hermann Theissen, sorti en 2005. Il a reçu plusieurs récompenses, lors de la Berlinale 2005, au festival Visions du réel à Nyon, et au Festival international de cinéma de Marseille.

Synopsis

Contexte historique

Du 16 au 18 septembre 1982, près de 3000 civils palestiniens sont massacrés  au Liban par des miliciens phalangistes, dans les camps de réfugiés de Sabra et Chatila surveillés par l'armée israélienne qui venait d'envahir le pays.

Ce massacre se produit deux jours après l'assassinat de Bachir Gemayel, chef des phalangistes, hostile à la présence palestinienne au Liban, tout récemment élu président de la République libanaise avec l'appui d'Israël. Le mot d'ordre lancé par les phalangistes au moment de l'entrée dans le camp palestinien de Beyrouth est, selon les témoignages : « Jeunes et vieux, pas de pitié ».

Résumé
Six miliciens libanais phalangistes ayant participé au massacre de Sabra et Chatila témoignent.

Analyses

Dévoilement des crimes commis
Les six bourreaux mènent dans les années 2000 une existence ordinaire. Ils n'ont jamais été jugés, du fait de l'adoption d'une loi d'amnistie générale au Liban en 1991.

Ils révèlent dans le film les actes criminels qu'ils ont commis vingt ans plus tôt tels que les viols, les exécutions. Ils n'expriment pour la plupart aucun remords, et manifestent une insensibilité totale concernant le sort de leurs victimes. Leurs souvenirs sont très précis, comme le montrent les schémas qu'ils tracent durant les entretiens, par lesquels ils indiquent la position spatiale des différents acteurs dans les camps de Sabra et Chatila. Selon l'analyse de Renée Michelle Ragin, en cartographiant les lieux, en dessinant des plans et des symboles, les bourreaux, incapables d'oublier, essaient de rationaliser l'horreur, et de réduire l'intensité du souvenir.

Massaker a pu être rapproché de S21, la machine de mort khmère rouge de Rithy Panh, qui repose également sur des témoignages de bourreaux, à la différence d'autres documentaires consacrés à des crimes contre l'humanité qui font intervenir principalement des images d'archives.

Thème de la responsabilité individuelle
Le film incite à s'interroger sur ce qui rend des individus ordinaires capables d'actes de cruauté et de barbarie. Des miliciens désignés pour participer au massacre ont refusé d'obtempérer, et n'ont pas été inquiétés pour cela par la suite. La question de la responsabilité morale de ceux qui ont franchi le pas se pose donc avec d'autant plus d'acuité.

La réalisatrice allemande Monika Borgmann déclare qu'elle croit plus dans un travail de réflexion sur la responsabilité que dans la justice formelle. En punissant les auteurs de massacres, la justice apporte, certes, un apaisement transitoire, mais selon la cinéaste, un verdict pénal ne suffit pas à lui seul à restaurer la capacité des citoyens à vivre ensemble.

Éclairage sur la complicité d'Israël

Les bourreaux évoquent leur formation militaire en Israël, leurs échanges avec l'Etat-major israélien au cours du massacre et la fourniture par les troupes israéliennes de sacs mortuaires. L'armée israélienne a lancé des fusées éclairantes pour permettre aux miliciens libanais de poursuivre le massacre durant la nuit.

La coordination logistique entre Israël et la milice des Forces libanaises est antérieure à l'opération menée à Sabra et Chatila. Plusieurs protagonistes se souviennent d'un stage de trois mois en Israël, près de Haïfa, durant l'été 1982, auxquels ont participé 300 miliciens phalangistes d'élite. Ils déclarent : « On nous a entraînés à être "cuisinés", à torturer, à toutes les techniques. On devait rester des jours dans des citernes brûlantes, on nous a fait faire les choses les plus inimaginables» ; l'un d'eux montre son uniforme avec le sigle « IDF »  (Israeli Defense Forces).

Par ailleurs plusieurs analyses rapprochent Massaker et le film israélien Valse avec Bachir de Ari Folman, qui évoque la participation indirecte d'un soldat israélien au massacre de Sabra et Chatila.

Analyses psychologiques
Les protagonistes invoquent «l'ivresse des armes, le goût acquis du sang, la nécessité de la vengeance, l'obéissance aux ordres» pour rendre compte de la violence qui les a poussés à tuer.

Certains bourreaux expliquent leur passage à l'acte par la douleur qu'a provoquée en eux l'assassinat de leur chef, Bachir Gemayel. L'un d'eux déclare ainsi «qu'aucune autre mort - pas même celle de sa mère - n'aurait pu lui causer le même chagrin. "Ce fut le jour le plus triste de ma vie", se souvient-il ». Il ajoute : « Au bout d'un moment, je pourrais me remettre de sa mort [de ma mère], mais je ne me suis jamais remis de celle de Bachir Gemayel », car à la mort de Gemayel, « tout ce pour quoi nous avions vécu s'est évaporé. Bachir Gemayel était mort et nous aussi ».

Selon l'analyse de Renée Michelle Ragin, ce milicien a subi une rupture dans son sens de l'identité. Il a parlé de lui-même comme d'une bombe à retardement à la suite de la mort de Gemayel ; cependant, il n'a pas été capable d'expliquer comment sa peur de la mort l'a poussé à infliger la mort aux réfugiés palestiniens.

Anonymat des bourreaux
Les bourreaux n'ayant accepté de parler de leurs crimes qu'à la condition que leur anonymat serait respecté, les choix cinématographiques des réalisateurs sont dictés par cette contrainte. Les six protagonistes sont filmés dans des lieux clos, semblables à des cellules de prison, où filtrent à peine les bruits de la ville. Chacun est interrogé seul ; les autres bourreaux, les anciennes victimes, sont absents, et les interactions avec les réalisateurs eux-mêmes sont extrêmement limitées. Selon Eric Vidal, ce déploiement de la parole des assassins, qui ne rencontre pas d'opposition, peut provoquer chez le public un sentiment de gêne.

La caméra montre le corps des bourreaux, mais pas leur visage. Dans la mesure où le regard humanise une personne, ce procédé peut contribuer éventuellement à rendre les protagonistes plus monstrueux aux yeux du public. Pour Jacques Mandelbaum, l'anonymat rend les témoignages moins crédibles. La réalisatrice Monika Borgmann déclare qu'elle a essayé de faire de la contrainte imposée par les protagonistes du film un atout ; ainsi elle a accordé une place centrale à la voix et la gestuelle des bourreaux, or, dit-elle, «le langage du corps trahit beaucoup ce que la parole masque. L'absence de visage donne une portée plus universelle. Et puis, ce qui est horrible n'a pas de visage.».

Effets visuels
Les choix artistiques des réalisateurs sont assez affirmés, comme en témoignent certains zooms et gros plans soudains, la déstabilisation du cadre, les effets de grain fruste, les filtres colorés différents pour chaque pièce (chaque bourreau étant filmé dans une pièce distincte).

Ces choix contrastent avec celui du dépouillement opéré par exemple par Romuald Karmakar dans Das Himmler-Projekt, où un comédien lit un discours de Heinrich Himmler adressé au généraux SS dans un plan fixe de 182 minutes.

Genèse du film
Vers 2000-2001, la réalisatrice Monika Borgmann avait trouvé cinq participants au massacre de Sabra et Chatila prêts à témoigner. Toutefois, le gouvernement libanais, informé de son entreprise, a procédé à l'arrestation des portagonistes, qui sont revenus sur leurs déclarations. Selon la cinéaste, «les services de sécurité libanais voulaient savoir si on travaillait pour le compte du Mossad, si on faisait ça pour innocenter Ariel Sharon. Ils n'ont jamais cru que c'était un travail de mémoire».

Le projet a reçu une nouvelle impulsion et a pu être mené à bien grâce à l'aide de Lokman Slim, le partenaire libanais de Monika Borgmann ; après la défection des premiers protagonistes, six autres bourreaux ont accepté de témoigner.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Massaker
 Réalisation : Monika Borgmann, Lokman Slim et Hermann Theissen
 Coréalisation : Nina Menkes
 Scénario : Monika Borgmann et Hermann Theissen
 Photographie : Nina Menkes
 Montage : Anne de Mo et Bernd Euscher
 Production : Joachim Ortmanns (supervision)
 Société de production : Lichtblick Film- und Fernsehproduktion, Dschoint Ventschr Filmproduktion, Films Unlimited et Umam Films
 Société de distribution : Zootrope Films (France)
 Pays : , ,  et
 Genre : documentaire
 Durée : 98 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :  (festival de Cannes),

Distinctions
Le film a reçu le prix FIPRESCI lors de la Berlinale 2005 pour la section Panorama ; le prix SRG SSR Idée suisse, dans la sélection «Compétition internationale» au festival Visions du réel à Nyon, en 2005 ; la mention spéciale au Festival international de cinéma de Marseille, en 2005.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Éric Vidal, « Massaker, de Monika Borgmann, Lokman Slim et Hermann Theissen 1 h 39, Allemagne/France/Liban/Suisse, 2004 », La pensée de midi, 2007/2 (N° 21), p. 163-166. DOI : 10.3917/lpm.021.0163, lire en ligne
Claire Moucharafieh,

Articles connexes
 Palmyre (film) (2016), autre film de Monika Borgmann et Lokman Slim
 Massacre de Sabra et Chatila

Liens externes

Film allemand sorti en 2005
Film libanais sorti en 2005
Film français sorti en 2005
Film suisse sorti en 2005
Film documentaire allemand
Film documentaire libanais
Film documentaire français
Film documentaire suisse
Film sur des crimes de guerre
Film documentaire sur le Liban
Guerre du Liban
Film en arabe
Film sur l'histoire palestinienne
Prix FIPRESCI à la Berlinale

Massaker