Colchester United Football Club is a professional association football club based in the city of Colchester, Essex, England. The team competes in , the fourth level of the English football league system.

Founded in 1937, the club spent its early years playing in the Southern Football League until they were elected to the Football League in 1950. Between 1950 and 1990, Colchester spent their time between the Third Division and Fourth Division, during which time they produced one of their most memorable results, a 3–2 victory in the fifth round of the FA Cup over Don Revie's Leeds United in 1971.

Colchester United were relegated to the Football Conference in 1990 following a decline in the late 1980s, but won the Conference title in 1992 to make a swift return to League football. They achieved promotion to the Second Division in 1998 following a 1–0 win against Torquay United in the play-off final. The club were again promoted in 2006, achieving second place in League One. The following season, they achieved their highest league finish in club history, ending the season 10th in the Championship ahead of East Anglian rivals Ipswich Town, Norwich City and also Essex rivals Southend United, despite having the division's lowest attendance. The club returned to League One in 2008 following relegation from the Championship and then made a return to the fourth tier for the first time in 18 years in 2016.

Colchester United play their home games at Colchester Community Stadium in Colchester. They relocated to the stadium in 2008 when they moved away from Layer Road, their home stadium for 71 years.

History

Until 1937, Colchester Town were Colchester's main club and were the original tenants of Layer Road. Colchester Town joined the Eastern Counties League in 1935, but their poor performances in the league convinced supporters that the club should turn professional, much like nearby Ipswich Town. With club officials against the idea of turning professional, a new professional club was formed in March 1937, Colchester United, which would also play at Layer Road. United joined the Southern Football League as crowds for Town matches dwindled. In December 1937, Colchester United formed a reserve team, signing many of Town's players. As a result of this and Town struggling with £300 debts, Colchester Town folded the same month.

The club were Southern League champions in 1939 prior to the Second World War. Following the war, in 1947–48, the U's produced one of the most notable FA Cup runs by a non-league side, defeating fellow non-leaguers Banbury Spencer in the first round, before beating Football League clubs Wrexham, Huddersfield Town and Bradford Park Avenue. They finally fell to Blackpool in the fifth round. This set them in good stead for potential election to the Football League.

Colchester United were elected to the Football League in 1950 on the back of their second Southern League Cup win and ending the 1949–50 season second to Merthyr Tydfil on goal average alone. They spent eleven years in the Third Division South and Third Division following the league's reorganisation, with a best finish of third place in 1957, just one point behind rivals Ipswich Town and Torquay United.

The club suffered their first relegation in 1961 as they finished 23rd in the Third Division, but didn't have to wait long until their first Football League promotion, spending just one season in the Fourth Division as they ended the season second to Millwall by just one point. This trend continued over the next two decades as they were relegated to the Fourth Division in 1965 and promoted to the Third Division in 1966, then relegated in 1968 and promoted in 1974, relegated in 1976 and promoted in 1977 before a final relegation to the Fourth Division in 1981.

During this time, the club embarked on one of the most notable runs in FA Cup history, as manager Dick Graham took his ageing side to the 1970–71 quarter-finals, dispatching non-league Ringmer, Cambridge United, Barnet and Rochdale following a replay. With the draw having been made prior to the replay against Rochdale, the U's knew they would face a home tie with First Division Leeds United, and duly trounced Dale 5–0. In the match with Leeds, the U's raced to an unprecedented 3–0 lead in front of a 16,000 Layer Road crowd, with two goals from Ray Crawford and one from Dave Simmons. Leeds did grab two goals back but Colchester held on for a famous 3–2 victory. The club faced Everton in the quarter-finals but succumbed to a 5–0 defeat in front of 53,028 at Goodison Park.

Financial difficulties and a number of changes at board level in the mid-1980s caused a slide towards the lower end of the Fourth Division table and crowd numbers to dwindle. Despite a brief turn around in form under former Rangers manager Jock Wallace, United were relegated from the Football League for the first time since their election.

Despite their relegation, the U's remained a full-time club while playing in the Football Conference, as they sold their Layer Road ground to the Colchester Borough Council to clear the club's debts. The club finished the season as runners-up to Barnet during their first season outside of the Football League, but, under the stewardship of player-manager Roy McDonough, the U's won the league the following season on goal difference over bitter rivals Wycombe Wanderers. In addition to earning a swift return to League football, the club also won the FA Trophy in 1992.

The club had a successful 1995–96 season as they reached the 1995–96 Football League play-offs, but were defeated by Plymouth Argyle at the semi-final stage. The club narrowly missed the play-offs in 1996–97 but did however reach the Football League Trophy Final held at Wembley. The U's drew 0–0 with Carlisle United but were defeated 4–3 on penalties. The following season however, Colchester were promoted via the Third Division play-off final with a 1–0 Wembley win against Torquay United.

Colchester consolidated their position in the third tier of English football for a number of seasons, before achieving their then-highest league finish of second place only to Essex rivals Southend United in the 2005–06 season. Under Phil Parkinson's stewardship, the U's were promoted to the second tier for the first time in their history. However, when Parkinson left to take the reins at Hull City, his assistant Geraint Williams was handed the daunting task of guiding Colchester into their first season in the Championship. He led the side to a 10th position finish, above East Anglian rivals Ipswich Town, Norwich City and Essex rivals Southend United, while gaining the Pride of Anglia title in the process for the first time in their history. The momentum however did not continue into their second season in the Championship, as they finished bottom of the league and were relegated back to League One.

During the club's second season in the Championship, Layer Road hosted its final game on 26 April 2008 as the U's fell to a 1–0 defeat to Stoke City. The club then moved to their new ground, the Colchester Community Stadium, in the summer of 2008 in preparation for life back in the third tier. Despite hoping to make an immediate return to the Championship, the club made a dreadful start to the 2008–09 campaign, which saw manager Geraint Williams lose his job, leaving the club second from bottom. He was replaced by former Wycombe Wanderers manager Paul Lambert as he guided the club to a mid-table finish.

Colchester United started the 2009–10 season by thrashing recently relegated Norwich City 7–1 on the opening day of the season at Carrow Road. Manager Lambert then defected to Norwich when their manager Bryan Gunn was sacked following a poor start to the season. This ensured a fiery return fixture, held at the Community Stadium in January 2010. The game saw a record crowd of 10,064 watch as the U's fell to a 5–0 defeat, with Ian Henderson being sent off on his United debut against his former club. The season ended with Colchester finishing in 8th position. The club finished in 10th position for both the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons, before narrowly avoiding relegation to League Two in the 2012–13 season, defeating Carlisle United 2–0 on the final day of the season to ensure their safety. The club then finished the 2013–14 season in 16th position.

Colchester secured League One safety on the final day of the 2014–15 season when they beat promotion hopefuls Preston North End 1–0 on 3 May 2015. However, Colchester could not stave off relegation to League Two in the 2015–16 season as they finished the campaign in 23rd position, confining them to the fourth tier of English football for the first time in 18 years.

In the 2019–20 EFL Cup, Colchester defeated Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur on penalties. Colchester were eventually eliminated by Manchester United in the quarter-finals, losing 3–0 at Old Trafford.

Colours and crest

When the club was formed, Colchester United continued in the tradition of their predecessors Colchester Town and played in blue and white striped shirts combined with white shorts. For the majority of the club's history, the kit has remained true to the traditional design, with slight variations occurring in 1967 and 1968, when candy stripes were preferred, with white on blue used for 1967–68 and blue on white for 1968–69. The stripes were removed altogether between 1969 and 1973, with blue shirts and blue shorts adopted between 1969 and 1972 as modelled by Chelsea, and white shirts for 1972–73 during a failed relaunch. The original stripes were reinstated for the following campaign, and remained largely unchanged since this period. The club briefly used blue kits with white pinstripes between 1982 and 1986, and a crosshatch design between 1988 and 1990.

The club adopted the coat of arms of Colchester for their club crest upon their formation in June 1937. The coat of arms, which features the living cross of St Helena and the crowns of the Three Kings, was used until 1972, when a dispute between the club and Colchester Borough Council pushed United to design a new crest. Tied to the rebranding of the club and the new all-white kit, the U's earned a new nickname (The Eagles) with a new badge featuring a Roman eagle standard. Following a disastrous season where the club were obliged to seek re-election, the kits were reverted and the club played with no crest on the shirts until 1979. Adidas replaced Umbro as kit manufacturer and the shirts were adorned with a simple CUFC cypher. The club emblem was modified to a circular badge in 1983 based on the 1972 design and was once again adjusted in 1986, updating the image of the eagle. In 1994, the crest was modified from a circular shape to a shield shape, with the golden eagle set against a blue and white striped background, a nod to the club's traditional shirt colours. A slightly updated version was introduced in 2004 which rounded the shield, a design which has since remained unchanged.

A number of different manufacturers have provided the kits for Colchester United since the mid-1970s, with kits supplied by Umbro (1975–1979), Adidas (1979–1982), Le Coq Sportif (1982–1986), Olympic (1987–1988), Spall (1988–1990, 1993–1995), Ribero (1991–1993), Vandanel (1995–1997), Patrick (1997–2000), Strike Force (2000–2004), Admiral (2004–2006), Diadora (2006–2008), Puma (2008–2016) and Macron (2016–present).

Since the 1980–81, the club has offered sponsorship for its shirts, and offered away strip sponsorship from the 1999–2000 season. Primary shirt sponsorships have included Royal London Group (1980–1986), 0800 Linkline (1986–1987), Norcross Estates (1987–1990), Holimarine (1990–1991), Colchester Hippodrome (1991–1992), The Sun (1992, 1992–1993), Strovers (1993–1994), SGR Colchester (1994–1996), Goldstar Fabrications (1996–1997), Guardian Direct (1997–1999), East Anglian Daily Times (1999–2000), JobServe (2000–2002, 2018–2019), Tiptree Jams (2002–2004), ICS Triplex (2004–2005), Easy-Skip (2005–2006), MutualPoints.com (2006–2007), Haart (2007–2008), Weston Homes (2008–2010, 2013–2018), ROL Cruise (2010–2012), TEXO Scaffolding (2019–2022), and Workhorse Group (2022-present). Away shirt sponsorship has been provided by Ashby's (1999–2000), Ridley's (2000–2002), 188Trades.com (2005–2006), Smart Energy (2006–2009), JobServe (2009–2010, 2012–2020), Strikerz Inc. (2020–2021), and Workhorse Group (2021-present).

For the 2012–13 season, the U's marked their 75th anniversary with a special kit. The shirt was coloured in the traditional blue and white stripes, however, the kit did not carry a main sponsorship logo, as the club looked to promote local businesses on a game-by-game basis and to reflect on the club's early days without sponsorship.

Stadium

Layer Road

Colchester's Layer Road stadium was built in 1910 and was home to United's predecessors Colchester Town. The U's shared the facilities with Town, as Colchester United's first ever game at the ground came on 2 September 1937, a 6–1 win against Bath City. Gale-force winds almost destroyed the Layer Road End of the ground in January 1938. This was followed by the outbreak of World War II, and Layer Road was closed down by the club and passed over to Colchester Garrison. After the war, the club returned to the ground, as the Main Stand was extended for the 1946–47 season. Soon after, the Popular Side stand was demolished and the timber re-used to improve the Layer Road End.

The ground hosted the record home crowd for a Colchester United game on 27 November 1948 for an FA Cup first round tie with Reading. 19,072 fans gathered for the game which lasted just 35 minutes. The game was abandoned due to thick fog. More storm damage meant that the U's went into the 1949–50 season with no roof to the Layer Road End due to a steel shortage.

During Colchester's first season in the Football League, Layer Road hosted an average crowd of 10,573. This was to be the only time the club hosted a five-figure average at the ground. It wasn't until 1959 that the stadium had floodlights installed, with proceeds from an FA Cup game against Arsenal funding the installation. In 1971, the ground was purchased from Colchester Borough Council with a series of covenants placed on the ground, including the clause that the ground could not be sold for development into housing. In 1980, the club's chairman Maurice Cadman announced that Layer Road was in need of £280,000 of basic safety improvement to meet legislation. Plans were drawn up to remove the Open End altogether and construct a 5,000 capacity stand at the Layer Road End and a new main stand on the Popular side. The plans never came to fruition, as further plans for a new stadium were rejected by the Council on the basis of the covenant. Following the Bradford City stadium fire and the Heysel Stadium disaster, Layer Road faced £500,000 worth of safety improvements. With the club struggling financially, sections of the ground were closed off, reducing capacity to 4,900.

Layer Road was sold back to Colchester Borough Council in the early 1990s for £1.2 million to help clear the club's debts, as Colchester United leased the stadium back. The council then started to identify and investigate potential sites for a new stadium. In the meantime, the club refreshed the stadium ahead of the 1996–97 season with the Clock End all-seated and covered. With the lease due to expire in 2002, Kirklees McAlpine were commissioned as consultants for a new stadium in 1998. A preferred site at Cuckoo Farm in Colchester was identified, with the additional benefit being that the land was already Council-owned.

Plans for a new stadium were submitted in April 1999, with planning consent approved in 2003. The Council backed the £14.23 million project by taking out a £10.23 million loan in November 2006, with the remaining £4 million supplied in the form of grants from the Football Foundation and local government and development agencies. Scottish firm Barr Construction were announced as contractors for the stadium, with work beginning in July 2007.

Colchester Community Stadium

With building work neared completion, Colchester United announced the official name for the stadium would be the Colchester Community Stadium, but owing to a deal with building firm Weston Homes, the ground would initially be known as the Weston Homes Community Stadium. The ten-year sponsorship would be worth up to £2 million for the club and included shirt sponsorship for the 2008–09 season. Upon the expiry of the deal, JobServe won the naming rights for the stadium in a further ten-year sponsorship ahead of the 2018–19 season.

The club played their final match at Layer Road in front of 6,300 on 26 April 2008 as they fell to a 1–0 defeat to Stoke City.

Colchester United hosted the opening ramp-up event to Spanish club Athletic Bilbao on 4 August 2008. The first goal scored at the stadium came from Aritz Aduriz for Bilbao after 15 minutes, with Scott Vernon equalising with a penalty kick on 32 minutes. The game ended 2–1 to ten-man Bilbao with David López Moreno scoring a penalty on 83 minutes. The first competitive fixture at the Community Stadium came on 16 August 2008 when Colchester hosted Huddersfield Town in front of a crowd of 5,340. Mark Yeates scored the first competitive goal at the stadium in a 2–2 draw with Oldham Athletic on 30 August 2008 and registered their first win on 25 October 2008, winning emphatically against Carlisle United. They scored five goals from David Perkins, Dean Hammond, Akanni-Sunday Wasiu and two netted by Mark Yeates.

Colchester Community Stadium has a capacity of 10,105 and the record attendance at the ground was 10,064 when Colchester hosted Norwich City on 16 January 2010 as they fell to a 5–0 defeat.

Supporters and rivalries

Colchester United has an official supporters association known as the CUSA. They were formed in 1995 and is run entirely by fans on a volunteer basis. The club produces its own match day programme, titled "We Are United", which replaced the former untitled official programmes from the beginning of the 2012–13 season. The club have also had a number of fanzine publications produced over the years, including "The U'sual", "Floodlight", "Out of The Blue" and "The Blue Eagle". The club mascot is an eagle named Eddie the Eagle.

The 2003 Football Fans Census revealed that Colchester United fans considered Wycombe Wanderers to be their primary rival, with both Wycombe and Southend United considering the U's to be their primary rival. Colchester fans considered Ipswich Town to be their secondary rivals, with Southend only third. Cambridge United additionally considered Colchester to be their tertiary rivals. However, in the 2012–13 census, Colchester fans changed their chief rivals from Wycombe to Southend, with Wycombe falling to second and Ipswich to third. Ipswich Town fans also named Colchester United as their third rivals after Norwich City and West Ham United. The U's remained primary choice for both Southend and Wycombe fans. United were also ranked as the 12th least offensive club to the supporters of all other Football League clubs.

Colchester's main recent rivalry is with fellow Essex side Southend United, with whom they contest the Essex derby. The competitive head-to-head record is 34 wins to Southend, 30 wins for Colchester and 17 draws. The most recent result was a 2–0 win for the U's on 20 April 2021.

The club also contest the Pride of Anglia award, which they have won once when they finished in 10th position in the Championship ahead of East Anglian rivals Ipswich Town and Norwich City.

Records and statistics

Micky Cook is the current Colchester United record holder for most appearances, holding the record for appearances made in both the league at 613, and in all competitions with 700 between 1969 and 1984. Mike Walker ranks in second with 524 appearances in all competitions, and Tony English third with 515. Tony Adcock holds the record for most goals in all competitions with 149, but Martyn King is the club's record league goalscorer with 132 goals.

Colchester United's widest margin victory in the league was a 9–1 win over Bradford City on 30 December 1961 at Layer Road. Their highest losing margin came on 15 December 1988 when they were thrashed 8–0 at Leyton Orient.

The club's record home attendance was for an FA Cup first round tie at Layer Road with Reading on 27 November 1948, when 19,072 fans turned up for a game that was abandoned after 35 minutes due to thick fog. The record Colchester Community Stadium attendance was 10,064 when Norwich City won 5–0 in a fiery match on 16 January 2010.

The highest transfer fee received for a Colchester United player is £2,500,000 for Greg Halford by Reading in January 2007. The highest fee paid by Colchester United for a player was £400,000 for Cheltenham Town striker Steven Gillespie in the summer of 2008.

Players

First-team squad

Out on loan

Under-21s

Under-18s

Former players

Notable former players
At the end of the 2006–07 season, Colchester United created a "Hall of Fame", with inducted players being one of "those who have made a difference to the club's history". Fans chose two inaugural players; Peter Wright and record appearance holder Micky Cook. Wright had previously been named as Colchester United's "Player of the Century" by Colchester's Gazette newspaper in 2000. A committee decided on a further three players to join the Hall of Fame in the same season, with Brian Hall, Mark Kinsella and Tony English chosen. New inductees have been announced most seasons since 2007, with the entire team that famously defeated Leeds United in the FA Cup in 1971 entered into the Hall of Fame. The manager of that team, Dick Graham was inducted as the first manager to the Hall of Fame in November 2007. The following list contains all those inducted into the Hall of Fame.

 Tony Adcock
 Ian Allinson
 Percy Ames
 Micky Cook
 Bobby Cram
 Ray Crawford
 Jamie Cureton
 Bob Curry
 Karl Duguid
 Joe Dunne
 Tony English
 Steve Foley
 Duncan Forbes
 Brian Garvey
 Brian Gibbs
 John Gilchrist
 Dick Graham
 David Gregory
 Brian Hall
 Bobby Hunt
 Chris Iwelumo
 Kemal Izzet
 Vic Keeble
 Martyn King
 Mark Kinsella
 John Kurila
 Steve Leslie
 Brian Lewis
 Lomana LuaLua
 Mick Mahon
 Roy McDonough
 Mick Packer
 Dave Simmons
 Graham Smith
 Nicky Smith
 Reg Stewart
 Mike Walker
 Peter Wright

In addition to the Hall of Fame, which excludes players who are currently active, Lomana LuaLua was named as Colchester United's cult hero by fans in a poll by the BBC in 2004, with the Congolese international registering 39% of the overall vote. He narrowly pipped Mark Kinsella who garnered 38% of the vote, while influential player-manager Roy McDonough earned 23%.

Player of the Year

Club officials

Board Members
Executive Chairman: Robbie Cowling
Directors: Steve Ball, Corin Haines, Dimitri Halajko, Nancy Hayes
Life President: Peter Heard

Backroom Staff
Sporting Director: Dmitri Halajko
Head of Recruitment: Ross Embleton

First Team
First Team Head Coach: Vacant
Assistant Coach: Scott Marshall
Assistant Coach: Dave Huzzey
Goalkeeping coach: Yilmaz Aksoy
First-Team Physio: Hayden Clifton
First Team Analyst: Jake Marques
Kit Assistant: Dean Craig

Academy
Academy Manager: James McFarlane
Head of Academy Coaching: Steve Ball
Head of Player Care: Sean Thacker
Head of Academy Recruitment: Jack Thorpe
Head of Local Recruitment: Jake Swan
Academy Chief Scout: Jack Thorpe

U21s Lead Coach: Matthew Etherington
U21s Assistant Coach: Liam Bailey
U18s Lead Coach: Elliott Ward
Academy goalkeeping coach: Paul Smith

Academy Sports Scientist: Alex Bevens
Academy Head of Sports Science and Medicine: Hashim Ali
Academy Video Analyst: Zac Thornton
Academy Video Analyst Assistant: Jack Little
Academy Physiotherapist: Vaishnav Sasikumar
Academy psychologist: Ryan Bailey

Former managers

Honours and achievements
Colchester United's honours include the following:

League
 League One (level 3)
Runners-up: 2005–06
 Fourth Division / Third Division (level 4)
Runners-up: 1961–62
Promoted: 1965–66, 1973–74, 1976–77
Play-off winners: 1998
 Conference (level 5)
Champions: 1991–92
Runners-up: 1990–91
 Southern League
Champions: 1938–39
Runners-up: 1949–50

Cup
 Football League Trophy
Runners-up: 1996–97
 FA Trophy
Winners: 1991–92
 Southern League Cup
Winners: 1937–38, 1949–50
 Watney Cup
Winners: 1971
 Essex Senior Cup
Winners: 2009–10

Colchester United Women F.C.
Initially founded in 1992 under the name of Colchester Royals, later affiliated in 1998 to Colchester United FC and eventually folding in 2013, Colchester United Womens F.C. was established in July 2023 in time for the upcoming season.

Notes
A. : As part of the club's 75th anniversary, for the 2012–13 season, shirt sponsorship was provided by local businesses on a game-by-game basis.

References

External links

Colchester United official website
Colchester United archive database

Sport in Colchester
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Essex
Association football clubs established in 1937
1937 establishments in England
Sport in Essex
English Football League clubs
National League (English football) clubs
Southern Football League clubs

Colchester United F.C.


Les Éditions de Minuit (, Midnight Press) is a French publishing house. It was founded in 1941, during the French Resistance of World War II, and is still publishing books today.

History

Les Éditions de Minuit was founded by writer and illustrator Jean Bruller and writer Pierre de Lescure (1891–1963) in 1941 in Paris, during the German occupation of northern France (by November 1942, German forces occupied all of France).  At the time, the media and all forms of publishing were controlled and censored by the Nazi occupiers. Les Éditions de Minuit was started to circumvent the censorship. It was an underground publisher until the liberation of Paris on 25 August 1944.

Le Silence de la mer (The Silence of the Sea) (1942) by co-founder Bruller (who wrote under the pseudonym Vercors) was the first book published. Distribution, as with other Resistance texts, was based on being passed from person to person.

Le Silence de la mer was followed in 1943 by Chroniques interdites (banned newspaper columns, various authors), L'Honneur des poètes (The Honour of poets) poetry collected by Paul Éluard, Le cahier noir (The Black Notebook) by François Mauriac, and Le musée Grévin (The Grévin Museum) by Louis Aragon.

A small group of printers joined Bruller and de Lescure, and together they risked imprisonment and death to publish works by some of France's greatest authors (who wrote under pseudonyms). The authors included Paul Éluard, Louis Aragon, Jacques Maritain, François Mauriac, Jean Paulhan, André Chamson, André Gide, and the first unabridged French translation of John Steinbeck's The Moon Is Down (Nuits noires).

After the war, when Les Éditions de Minuit was able to operate openly, it continued to publish books but struggled in the early postwar years to become financially stable. The publishing house was directed by Jérôme Lindon from 1947 until his death in 2001. His daughter, Irène Lindon, succeeded him.

In the 1950s, the company began to be more successful. Lindon was the first to publish several novels by Samuel Beckett, who wrote in French as well as English, and was resident in France at the time. Other authors published include Monique Wittig, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Claude Simon, Marguerite Duras and Robert Pinget, who constituted the backbone of the Nouveau roman literary movement. It also published Henri Alleg's La Question (1958) on the use of torture by the French Army during the Algerian War (1954–62). The book was censored.

From the late 1970s to the mid-80s, Lindon and the Éditions de Minuit promoted several young French authors such as Jean Echenoz, soon joined by Jean-Philippe Toussaint (from Belgium), Jean Rouaud, Marie NDiaye, Patrick Deville, Éric Chevillard, and lately by Laurent Mauvignier and Julia Deck. These have been classified under the tag of "Style Minuit", characterized by a certain writing renewal (partially influenced by the Nouveau Roman), based on minimalist formalism mixed to an elaborated style.

From its foundation to 2015, the Éditions de Minuit have, through their authors, won two Nobel Prize in Literature (Samuel Beckett and Claude Simon), three Prix Goncourt (The Lover by Marguerite Duras, I'm Off by Jean Echenoz and Fields of Glory by Jean Rouaud), seven Prix Médicis, one Prix Renaudot and three Prix Femina.

21st century

The style of the front covers of Les Éditions de Minuit books is nearly as spare as the wartime edition of Le Silence de la mer.  The only decoration is a blue border and the symbol of Les Éditions de Minuit: a star and the letter "m".

Book series
 Arguments
 Critique
 Documents
 Philosophie
 Propositions
 Le Sens commun

References

External links
 Official website of Les Éditions de Minuit (in French)

Book publishing companies of France
French resistance publications
French brands
Publishing companies established in 1941
French companies established in 1941
Underground press in World War II
Prix Femina winners

Les Éditions de Minuit


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| Length = 4:11
| Label = Epic
| Writer = Michael JacksonTeddy Riley
| Producer = Michael JacksonTeddy Riley
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}}

}}
"බ්ලඩ් ඔන් ද ඩෑන්සිං ෆ්ලෝ'" (සිංහල තේරුම - නැටුම් බිමේ රුධිරය)යනු මයිකල් ජැක්සන් ගායනා කරන ගීතයකි.එම ගීතය නිකුත් කලේ නැවත සංකලනය කළ ඇල්බමයක පළැමුවැන්න ලෙසටය.1991 දීඅනතුරුදයකබව'' නිකුත් කරන අවස්තාවේ ජැක්සන් සහ ටෙඩී රිලේ එක්ව මෙම ගීතය නිර්මාණය කරන ලදි.කෙසේ වුවත් එය බලාපොරොත්තු වූ  තරම් වාරතාගත නොවූ අතර 1997 දී වානිජමය නිකුත් කිරීමට පෙර කුඩා වෙනසකටද භාජනය කර ඇත.ජැක්සන්ට පිහියෙන් අනීමට පෙර ඔහු විසින් වරදට පොළඹවාගත් "සුසී" නමැති කොල්ලකාර කාන්තාවක් ගැන මෙම ගීතයෙන් කියැවේ.

බ්ලඩ් ඔන් ද ඩෑන්සිං ෆ්ලෝ


Esther Valiquette est une cinéaste québécoise née en 1962 à Arthabaska.

Après avoir obtenu un diplôme en études cinématographiques de l'Université de Montréal, Esther Valiquette œuvre au sein du studio de production féministe de l'ONF, le Studio D, et  travaille sur les plateaux de tournage en tant qu'assistante à la caméra et à l'éclairage.

En 1989, elle apprend qu'elle est atteinte du VIH/sida. C'est alors qu'elle passe d'un rôle d'assistance technique au rôle de réalisatrice. Dans les années suivantes, elle produira trois court métrages documentaires.

Son premier film, Le Récit d'A, raconte le récit d'Andrew, un homme atteint du VIH. Il obtiendra le Premier Prix du public au 7e Festival de films et vidéos de femmes de Montréal, en 1991. En 1992, Esther Valiquette réalise Le singe bleu, essai poétique sur le thème de la mort pour lequel elle gagnera le Prix Génie du meilleur court métrage documentaire, et le Prix Normande-Juneau du meilleur court métrage au 11e Rendez-vous du cinéma québécois, en 1993. Sa dernière œuvre, Extenderis, est une vidéo expérimentale portant sur les origines de la vie et sur le code ADN.

Esther Valiquette est décédée des suites du sida le 8 septembre 1994, à Montréal.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en 1962
Réalisatrice canadienne
Réalisatrice québécoise
Documentariste canadien
Documentariste québécois
Décès en septembre 1994
Décès à Montréal

Esther Valiquette


Gara Miercurea Ciuc este o gară care deservește municipiul Miercurea Ciuc, județul Harghita, România.

Miercurea Ciuc

Gara Miercurea Ciuc


Alþjóðaflugvöllur Harbin Taiping (IATA: HRB, ICAO: ZYHB) (kínverska: 哈尔滨太平国际机场; rómönskun: Hārbīn Tàipíng Guójì Jīchǎng) er flughöfn Harbin höfuðborgar Heilongjiang héraðs í  Alþýðulýðveldinu Kína. Hann þjónar sem mikilvæg samgöngumiðstöð fyrir norðausturhluta Kína og er stærsti flugvöllurinn sem þjónar Heilongjiang héraði. Með um 20.4 milljónir farþega árið 2018 er hann einn af umferðameiri flugvöllum Kína.

Flugvöllurinn er staðsettur um 37 kílómetra suðvestur af miðborg Harbin, í bænum Taiping í Daoli -sýslu, sem gefur honum nafn.

Saga

Flugvöllurinn, sem áður hét Yanjiagang- flugvöllur, var upphaflega byggður árið 1979 en stækkaður á árunum 1994 og 1997. Hann leysti af hólmi eldri flugvöll, Harbin Majiagou flugvöllinn, sem upphaflega var byggður árið 1931. Árið 1984 var hann uppfærður í alþjóðaflugvöll. Hann er hannaður með einni farþegamiðstöð til að takast á við 6 milljónir farþega árlega.

Árið 2013 annaðist Harbin Taiping alþjóðaflugvöllur 10 milljónir farþega. Enn var því ráðist í stækkun vegna vaxandi farþegafjölda og ný farþegamiðstöð byggð um 1 kílómetra suður af þeirri gömlu var vígð árið 2018. Hún er eingöngu ætluð innanlandsflugi en allt millilandaflug var fært inn í gömlu farþegamiðstöðina, sem er verið að endurbyggja fyrir millilandaflug.

Árið 2018 fóru um 20.4 milljónir farþega um flugvöllinnn og 125 þúsund tonn af farmi.

Samgöngur við völlinn

Strætisvagnar tengja flughöfnina við miðborg Changsha og nærliggjandi borgir.

Flugfélög

Flugfélögin China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Hainan Airlines, Loong Air , Sichuan Airlines, og Xiamen Air, eru umfangsmikil á flugvellinum. Alls starfa þar 44 flugfélag.

Flugleiðir

Flugvöllurinn býður meira en 70 flugleiðir til innlendra og erlendra borga. Flestir áfangastaðir eru innan Kína, en einnig eru alþjóðaflug frá Frankfurt am Main, London, Moskvu, Jekaterínbúrg, Taípei, Los Angeles, Singapúr, Seúl, Osaka, Tókýó, Niigata, og fleiri staða.

Tölfræði

Tenglar

 Harbin borg.
 Kínverskur vefur alþjóðaflugvallarins Harbin Taiping
 Vefsíða Travel China Guide um Harbin Taiping flugvöllinn.. Almennar upplýsingar, kort af flugvellinum, samgöngur almenningsvagna á flugvöllinn o.fl.

Heimildir

Flugvellir í Kína

Harbin Taiping alþjóðaflugvöllurinn


Ljudski koronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) vrsta je koronavirusa koja potječe od zaraženih miševa. Kod ljudi, infekcija rezultira bolešću gornjih dišnih putova sa simptomima prehlade, ali može preći u upalu pluća i bronhiolitis. Prvi put je otkriven u siječnju 2005. kod dvoje pacijenata u Hong Kongu.

HCoV-HKU1 je prvi put identificiran u siječnju 2005., kod 71-godišnjaka koji je hospitaliziran s akutnim respiratornim distresom i radiolografski potvrđenom bilateralnom pneumonijom. Muškarac se nedavno vratio u Hong Kong iz kineskog grada Shenzhen.

Virologija
HCoV-HKU1 je jedan od sedam poznatih koronavirusa koji inficiraju ljude, uključujući HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, izvorni SARS-CoV (ili SARS-CoV-1) i SARS-CoV-2.

Woo i suradnici nisu bili uspješni u svojim pokušajima rasta stanične linije iz HCoV-HKU1, ali uspjeli su dobiti kompletnu genomsku sekvencu. Filogenetska analiza pokazala je da je HKU1 najbliže srodnom mišjem virusu hepatitisa (MHV), te se u tom pogledu razlikuje od ostalih poznatih humanih betakoronavirusa, poput HCoV-OC43.

Vidi još
 Ljudski koronavirus
 Coronavirus

Izvori

Embecovirus

HCoV-HKU1


Ferenc Erkel (Németgyula, 7 de noviembre de 1810 - Budapest, 15 de junio de 1893) fue un compositor húngaro nacido en el seno de una familia de suabos del Danubio.

Fue el padre de la gran ópera húngara, escrita principalmente sobre temas históricos, que aún se interpretan sobre todo en Hungría. También compuso la música de Himnusz, el himno nacional de Hungría, que se adoptó en el año 1844. Aparte del himno compuso la danza de significado nacional húngaro "Palotás" que se desarrolla  alrededor de la gloría de los generales húsar.

Se casó en el año 1839 con Adél Adler, con quien tuvo cuatro hijos.

Los libretos de sus primeras cuatro óperas los escribió Béni Egressy. Aunque es sobre todo conocido por sus óperas, escribió piezas para piano y coro. Lideró la Orquesta Filarmónica de Budapest (fundada el 1853). También fue el director y profesor de piano de la Academia Húngara de Música Ferenc Liszt hasta 1886. La Ópera Nacional de Hungría, en Budapest, se abrió el año 1884, y también allí fue el director musical.

Óperas
 Bátori Mária (1840)
 Hunyadi László (1844)
 Erzsébet (1857)
 Bánk Bán (1861)
 Sarolta (1862)
 Dózsa György (1867)
 Brankovics György (1874)
 Névtelen hősök (1880)
 István király (1885)
 Kemény Simon

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Compositores de ópera de Hungría
Compositores del Romanticismo de Hungría
Músicos de Hungría del siglo XIX
Ferenc Erkel
Fallecidos en Budapest

Ferenc Erkel


Bad Beat Boys er en kortfilm instrueret af Eugen Gritschneder efter manuskript af Eugen Gritschneder og Adam Voigt.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2004

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Bad Beat Boys


An Aristida curtissii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Samuel Frederick Gray, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni George Valentine Nash. An Aristida curtissii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aristida, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aristida

Aristida curtissii


Remziye Hisar (1902, Üsküp - 13 Haziran 1992, İstanbul), Türk kimyager.

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulduğu ilk yıllarda çağdaş bilimin öncülerindendir ve kimya mesleğinin Türkiye'deki ilk kadın öncüsü olarak kabul edilir. Darülfünun'da fen bilimleri eğitimi alan ilk kadınlardandır ve Sorbonne Üniversitesinden doktora derecesiyle mezun olan ilk Türk kadındır. Fizikçi Feza Gürsey ve Psikiyatrist Deha Gürsey'in annesidir.

Yaşamı
1902 yılında Üsküp'te doğdu. Babası İstihkam Yarbayı Salih Hulusi Bey, annesi Ayşe Refia Hanım'dır. Ailenin dört kızından biridir. Ailesi, Meşrutiyetin ilanından bir yıl sonra İstanbul'a göç etmiştir.

Remziye Hanım, Davutpaşa'daki üç yıllık mekteb-i iptida-i'yi, bir yılda henüz dokuz yaşında iken tamamladı. Daha sonra, İttihat ve Terakki Mektebi ve Emirgan İnas Rüştiyesine devam etti; çok sevdiği Türkçe öğretmeninin İstanbul Darülmuallimatı'na (Kız Öğretmen Okulu) transfer olması üzerine, öğrenimini bu okulda sürdürdü. Sınıfın iyi öğrencileri arasında yer alan Remziye Hanım, küçük sınıflardaki öğrencilere geometri ve matematik dersleri verdi. 15 Temmuz 1919 tarihinde okulun Darülfünun'a hazırlamak üzere oluşturduğu iki sınıflık bölümünden birincilikle mezun oldu.

Darülmuallimat'tan mezuniyetinin ardından Darülfünun'un kimya bölümüne kaydını yaptırdı. Kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilerden ayrı saatlerde ders aldığı bu dönemde, kimya bölümündeki üç kadın öğrenciden birisi idi. Kimyayı seçme nedenini bir röportajında "Fen derslerinde kanunlarda olsun, buluşlarda olsun hep yabancı isimler görmek beni kahrediyordu. Fen alanında bir tek Türk ismi görememenin ezikliğini, bu dalda başarılı olursam giderebilirim sanıyordum" cümleleriyle açıklamıştır.

Bakü'de açılacak bir okulda öğretmenlik yapmak üzere İstanbul'dan kadın öğretmenler talep edilmesi üzerine hocalarından Sarıklı Vehbi Bey himayesinde beş okul arkadaşıyla birlikte 15 Aralık 1919'da İstanbul'dan ayrılıp Azerbaycan'a gitti. Sovyet Rusya'nın Azerbaycan'ın bağımsızlığına son vermesine kadar bir erkek lisesinde ders verdi. Orada bir kız öğretmen okulunun açılmasıyla ilgili verilen bir toplantıda Yüzbaşı Doktor Reşit Süreyya
Bey ile tanıştı. 20 Nisan 1920'de onunla evlendi ve aynı yıl eşi ile birlikte İstanbul'a döndü. Ertesi yıl oğlu Feza Gürsey'i, 1924'te ise kızı Deha Gürsey-Owen'ı dünyaya getirdi.

Türkiye'de Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı'nın devam ettiği bu dönemde Çukurova bölgesinin Fransızlardan geri alınması üzerine kendisi Adana'da Darülmuallima'ya müdür olarak, eşi ise kolordu doktoru olarak tayin oldu. Bir buçuk yaşındaki oğlunu annesine bırakarak Adana'ya gitti.

Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra istifa etti ve tedavi amaçlı olarak Paris'te bulunan eşinin yanına gitti. Paris'te Sorbone Üniversitesinde kimya eğitimine başladı. Langevin ve Madam Curie gibi çok tanınmış bilim insanlarının öğrencisi oldu. Eğitiminin ikinci yılında Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı bursundan yararlanma hakkı elde etti. Pasteur Enstitüsünü takip ederek biyokimya sertifikası aldı. Doktorasına başlayacağı dönemde bursu kesilince Erenköy Kız Lisesine kimya öğretmeni olarak atanarak yurda döndü. 1924'te kızı Deha Gürsey'i dünyaya getirdi.

1930 yılında Millî Eğitim Bakanlığının yurt dışı doktora bursundan yararlanarak doktorasını yapmak üzere yeniden Paris'e gitti. Eşinden boşanan ve Paris'e çocukları ve kardeşiyle giden Remziye Hisar, 1933 yılında doktora tezini tamamlayarak Türkiye'ye döndü.

1933-1936 yılları arasında İstanbul Üniversitesinde kimya ve fizik kimya dersleri verdi. 1936 yılında bir süre için üniversiteden ayrıldı; Hıfzıssıhha Müessesesi Farmakodinami Şubesinde Kimya Mütehassıslığı görevinde bulundu.

1942-1947 yılları arasında İstanbul Üniversitesi Eczacılık Okulu Analitik Kimya ve Toksikoloji kürsüsünde görev yaptı. 1947 yılında İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Maden Fakültesi Kimya Kürsüsüne atandı. 1955 yılında Fransa'da "Officiel d'Academie" nişanına layık görüldü. 1959 yılında profesör oldu.

1973 yılında emekliye ayrıldı. Yaşamını İstanbul'da Anadoluhisarı Otağtepe'de ailesinden kalma konakta sürdürdü. 1991 yılında Tübitak Hizmet Ödülü'nü aldı. Oğlu Feza Gürsey'i Nisan 1992'de yitirdikten sonra 13 Haziran 1992'de öldü.

Eserleri
Dördü çeviri, beş ders kitabı yayımlamış; ayrıca kimya dalındaki buluşlarını içeren 16 bildirisi Fransa'da yayınlanmıştır. Uluslararası bildirileri arasında , Siirt dağlarında yetişen bir bitki türünün etkilerini içeren buluşu Fransa'da yayımlanarak bilim dünyasına tanıtılmıştır.

1920'lerden itibaren şiir yazan Remziye Hisar'ın bazı şiirleri "Bir Kadın Sesi" adlı kitapta bir araya getirilerek yayımlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

1902 doğumlular
1992 yılında ölenler
Türk kimyagerler
20. yüzyıl Türk bilim insanları
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
İstanbul Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
İstanbul Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Türk biyokimyagerler
Türk bürokratlar
Türk kadın akademisyenler
Paris Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler

Remziye Hisar


The following is a list of the 725 communes of the Moselle department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
Metz Métropole
Communauté d'agglomération de Forbach Porte de France
Communauté d'agglomération Portes de France-Thionville
Communauté d'agglomération Saint-Avold Synergie
Communauté d'agglomération Sarreguemines Confluences (partly)
Communauté d'agglomération du Val de Fensch
Communauté de communes de l'Arc Mosellan
Communauté de communes Bouzonvillois - Trois Frontières
Communauté de communes de Cattenom et environs
Communauté de communes du District Urbain de Faulquemont
Communauté de communes de Freyming-Merlebach
Communauté de communes Haut Chemin - Pays de Pange
Communauté de communes de la Houve et du Pays Boulageois
Communauté de communes Mad et Moselle (partly)
Communauté de communes du Pays de Bitche
Communauté de communes du Pays Haut Val d'Alzette (partly)
Communauté de communes du Pays Orne-Moselle
Communauté de communes du Pays de Phalsbourg
Communauté de communes Rives de Moselle
Communauté de communes de Sarrebourg - Moselle Sud
Communauté de communes du Saulnois
Communauté de communes du Sud Messin
Communauté de communes du Warndt

References

Moselle

Communes of the Moselle department


Economia conceptuală este un termen care desemnează rolul însemnat pe care creativitatea, inovarea si abilitățile de design îl joacă în sporirea competitivității economice, în special în contextul global.

Context istoric
Fostul președinte al Consiliului Rezervei Federale, Alan Greenspan, a recunoscut meritele și importanța abordării conceptuale încă din 1997, într-un discurs pe care l-a ținut la Universitatea din Connecticut, în care a declarat: "Creșterea componentei conceptuale în economie a declanșat accelerarea cererii pentru muncitori echipați nu doar cu un cumul de cunoștințe tehnice, ci și cu abilitatea de a crea, de a analiza și de a manipula informația și de a interacționa eficient cu ceilalți." De atunci și până in anul 2004, acesta și-a dezvoltat o perspectiva mai amplă asupra subiectului, făcând referire la scăderea înregistrată de industriile producătoare de bunuri din Statele Unite, externalizarea către India si China, dezechilibrul dintre cerere și ofertă și piața globală - oferta fiind în exces -  conducând la o conceptualizare a producției economice.

Printre cei ce au contribuit la înțelegerea economiei conceptuale se numără și Tom Friedman, care descrie oportunitățile aduse de globalizare în cartea sa, Lumea este plată. Acesta subliniază importanța Internetului si a calculatoarelor personale în folosul comunicării și partajarea de software (programe informatice) pe plan global. Așa se explică cum companiile americane pot externaliza o parte însemnată a afacerii lor in India sau China fără a crea inconveniențe clienților.

Tom Kelley este de asemenea un gânditor cheie în domeniu, atât în calitate de Director General al IDEO, o companie de design și inovare care se bucură de mult succes, cât și ca autor a două cărți apreciate la scară largă: Arta inovării, în care se pune în evidență importanța brainstormingului (reflecție în grup) și a muncii în echipă atunci când vine vorba de crearea de produse, și Cele zece fețe ale inovării, în care este explicat rolul unor elemente precum empatia, oratoria, experiențele individuale și mediile de lucru în promovarea ideilor creative.

Pașii cheie ce stau la baza economiei conceptuale se înscriu în următoarele categorii:

Evoluția economiei
Până de curând, concepția noastră asupra economiei s-a bazat pe premiza conform căreia calea spre progres depinde de valori tradiționale și calificări cum ar fi cele specifice meseriilor de contabil, avocat, inginer, matematician sau dezvoltator de software. Odată cu apariția de noi oportunități rezultate din procesul de globalizare și datorită internetului, formele convenționale pe care le-a luat până acum succesul își pierd reputația în favoarea unor perspective noi, bazate pe idei inovatoare. Astfel, se observă o nevoie mai mare de artiști, designeri și autori creativi care să contribuie nu numai la designul unui produs, ci și la administrarea afacerilor și planificarea strategică.

Ariile importante sunt legate de evoluția următoarelor trei fenomene:

Excesul "ofertei"
Pe parcursul ultimilor 15 sau 20 de ani, economiile vestice (Europa, America de Nord) au trecut printr-o perioadă în care se puteau baza cu încredere pe furnizarea consecventă de bunuri si servicii de care aveau parte, inclusiv pe o abundență de produse agricole. Prin urmare, populația a început să caute mai mult decât să-și îndeplinească nevoile de bază. Familiile sunt acum interesate de bunuri ce ies din sfera bunurilor de bază, cum ar fi mâncarea organică sau televizoare digitale sofisticate, telefoane mobile și mașini cu tracțiune pe patru roți, cu control automat al vitezei de croazieră sau cu sisteme de navigare încorporate.

Externalizarea
Având în vedere costurile scăzute ale forței de muncă în țările în curs de dezvoltare, cum ar fi China, India și Filipine, companiile americane și europene externalizează sau delocalizează către țări străine o parte tot mai mare din sarcinile lor de producție, fabricare sau servicii. Ca urmare, oportunitățile de angajare în Occident se îndepărtează pas-cu-pas de sarcinile obișnuite, cum ar fi contabilitatea, serviciile de asistență telefonică, programarea IT și fabricarea componentelor electronice. Eficiența externalizării s-a îmbunătățit datorită faptului că internetul continuă să furnizeze un mediu de comunicare global tot mai fiabil și din ce în ce mai rapid.

Automatizarea
Și în industrie, dezvoltarea roboticii și a facilităților de producție automatizate duce la o scădere a oportunităților de angajare pentru locurile de muncă tradiționale, în sectoare precum industria de automobile și prelucrarea produselor alimentare. Nivele de calificare tot mai înalte sunt necesare acum pentru a contribui la operații care sunt în mare măsură computerizate.

Noi arii de oportunitate
Fiind in parte rezultatul factorilor enumerați mai sus, au început să apară o gamă largă de noi facilități și oportunități. Printre acestea se numără:

 evoluția unor noi facilități web atractive pentru vânzări și servicii,
 logistica de transport pentru o mai bună coordonare a distribuției de componente și de produse,
 ghiduri interactive de călătorie orientate spre client pentru călătorii mai eficiente și adesea mai ieftine, în străinătate
 produse cu valoare adăugată, care combină un număr de servicii, adesea într-un pachet mic,
 cursuri computerizate pentru îmbunătățirea instruirii la locul de muncă;
 instrumente sofisticate de design pentru o eficiență mai mare a producției.

Practic, fiecare domeniu al industriei poate beneficia de astfel de inovații, atât pentru a îmbunătăți produsele în sine, cât și pentru a oferi oportunități de marketing mai bune și servicii post-vânzare. Ca urmare, acești factori sunt considerați ca fiind majori in ceea ce privește contribuția la creșterea economiei si a productivității.

Criterii pentru atingerea succesului economic
Factorii principali ce conduc economia conceptuale pot fi clasificați în următoarele categorii:

Școlarizarea
Instituțiile de învățământ trebuie să pună mai mult accent pe creativitate și pe artă în diferitele ei forme, decât pe calificările tradiționale necesare în domeniul ingineriei și cel al managementului. Mai precis, trebuie acordată mai multă atenție alfabetizării de bază, gândirii analitice și critice, sintezei și aptitudinilor matematice.

Creativitate și artă
Până în prezent, tehnologia informației a avut un impact considerabil asupra economiei. Succesul va depinde din ce în ce mai mult de modul de utilizare a cunoștințelor și a informațiilor care apar. Calități precum intuiție, creativitate și abordarea sub formă de joc vor deveni din ce în ce mai importante.

Diversitatea culturală și tehnică
Prosperitatea și competitivitatea în secolul 21 vor depinde de înțelegerea diferitelor culturi naționale și de modul în care se pot valorifica ideile lor pentru a îainta procesul de inovare. Și aici va fi nevoie de mai multă muncă în echipă, creativitate și strategii de ultima oră, toate în cadrul economiei globale.

Referințe

Bibliografie

 Friedman, Thomas L.: Lumea Este Plat: Scurtă Istorie a Secolului xxi, New York: editura Farrar, Straus și Giroux, 2005, 488 p.,
 Kelley, Tom, și Littman, Jonathan: Cele zece fete ale inovarii: IDEO strategii pentru a bate avocatul diavolului și de conducere creativitate în întreaga organizație, New York: Moneda/Doubleday, c2005, 273 p.,
 Roz, Daniel H.: O Nouă Minte : trecerea de la era informației la cea conceptuala, New York: Riverhead Books, 2005, 260 p.,
 Rooney, David, Hearn, Greg, Ninan, Avraam: , Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2005, 290 p.

Creativitate
Economie culturală
Economie informațională

Economie conceptuală


Teymur Guliyev (en azéri: Teymur İmanqulu oğlu Quliyev ; né le 25 novembre 1888 à Djebrayil et mort le 18 novembre 1965 à Bakou) était un chef d'État et de Parti soviétique.

Biographie
Né à Jebrail, province d'Elizavetpol. Membre du Parti Communiste Russe depuis 1920. La même année, il entre au service du GPU (Direction politique principale) auprès du Conseil des commissaires du peuple de la RSS d'Azerbaïdjan. Sur la base des résultats de ses activités, alors qu'il occupait le poste de chef adjoint du Département politique secret du GPU de la RSS d'Azerbaïdjan.

Participation aux répressions staliniennes
D'octobre 1934 à octobre 1936 Président du Collège spécial de la Cour suprême de la RSS d'Azerbaïdjan.
D'octobre 1936 au 13.11.1937 Président de la Cour suprême de la RSS d'Azerbaïdjan.
Les années 1937-1938 sont marquées par l'adhésion à la troïka spéciale, créée par ordre du NKVD de l'URSS en date du 30 juillet 1937 n° 00447 et la participation active aux répressions staliniennes

Activité au Conseil des ministres
De 1946 à 1953 président du Conseil des ministres de la RSS d'Azerbaïdjan.
18.04.53 - 13.8.1953 1er vice-président du Conseil des ministres de la RSS d'Azerbaïdjan.
17.08.1953 - 09.03.1954,  Président du Conseil des ministres de la RSS d'Azerbaïdjan.

Activité au sein du Parti
1939-1952, membre de la Commission centrale d'audit du PCUS (b)
1952-1956, membre du Comité central du PCUS. Député du Soviet suprême de l'URSS.
1954-1956, il est directeur d'une ferme viticole d'État à Kirovabad (Gandja).
Par décision du Comité central du Parti communiste d'Azerbaïdjan en date du 28 août 1956, il est expulsé du PCUS "pour violations flagrantes du droit social et assistance active aux crimes de Bagirov et de sa bande". Cette décision est confirmée par le décret du PCC sous le Comité central du PCUS du 28 mars 1957.

Récompenses
3 Ordre de Lénine
Ordre de la Guerre Patriotique, I degré
Ordre de la Bannière Rouge du Travail
Insigne "Travailleur Honoraire de la Tchaka-OGPU.

Références

Naissance en novembre 1888
Premier ministre d'Azerbaïdjan
Décès en novembre 1965
Décès à 77 ans

Teymur Guliyev


Tutbury Castle er en en ruin af en middelalderfæstning i Tutbury i Staffordshire i England. Det er et Scheduled Ancient Monument.

Fæstningen blev opført som et motte-and-bailey-anlæg efter den normanniske erobring af England, og der var hovedkvarter for Henry de Ferrers, der døde i år 1100. I 1264 blev borgen "næsten ødelagt" af Edvard 1. af England efter Robert de Ferrers' oprør mod kongen. I 1269 fik Edmund Crouchback jorden efter endnu et oprør, og det har siden været en del af Hertugdømmet Lancaster, der også ejer det i dag.

I storhedstiden boede Eleonora af Aquitanien her. Marie Stuart har været fængslet på slottet.

Se også
 Liste over borge og slotte i England

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 English Heritage; Listed Buildings Online, architectural description
 Tutbury Castle

Slotte i Staffordshire

Tutbury Castle


Forestella (coréen : 포레스텔라) est un quatuor vocal masculin sud-coréen, pratiquant le crossover classique, formé dans le cadre du concours de chant de la chaîne JTBC Phantom Singer 2, diffusé en 2017. Ils ont remporté la première place de l'émission et ont officiellement fait leurs débuts le 14 mars 2018, avec l'album Evolution. Depuis leurs débuts, ils ont sorti deux autres albums studio et ont gagné la reconnaissance du public pour leurs performances lors de l'émission télévisée Immortal Songs : Singing the Legend, de festivals et d'autres concerts télévisés.

Histoire

Création

Le quatuor s'est formé au cours de la deuxième saison du concours de chant Phantom Singer. Bae Doo-hoon, Kang Hyung-ho, Cho Min-gyu et Ko Woo-rim ont chacun auditionné séparément pour la compétition. Ils faisaient partie des douze finalistes restants dans la compétition et se sont regroupés en un quatuor avant la finale, se nommant Forestella, qui est un mixte de « forest » (anglais: Forêt) et « stella » (italien : étoile). En tant que groupe gagnant, ils ont remporté une somme d'argent ainsi qu'un contrat exclusif d'un an avec Arts & Artists, qui gère certains des musiciens classiques les plus éminents du pays.

Doo-hoon est un acteur musical qui a étudié le théâtre à l'Université nationale des arts de Corée et a parfois chanté pour un groupe de fusion gugak-rock. Il est déjà apparu dans les émissions Hidden Singer et The Voice of Korea avant d'auditionner pour Phantom Singer. Min-gyu et Woo-rim sont les seuls chanteurs de formation classique du quatuor et sont d'anciens élèves du célèbre Collège de musique de l'Université nationale de Séoul. Min-gyu avait prévu de poursuivre des études supérieures en Allemagne et a été membre du Seoul Metropolitan Opera pendant plusieurs années. Woo-rim était  étudiant en troisième année de chant et avait déjà été finaliste ou demi-finaliste dans plusieurs concours de chant. Hyung-ho est le seul membre sans aucune formation en musique ou en arts de la scène, bien qu'il ait été le chanteur d'un groupe de rock amateur que lui et quelques amis avaient formé à l'université. Il était ingénieur chimiste et chercheur à Lotte et a pris un congé temporaire pour auditionner, démissionnant finalement après les débuts de Forestella.

2017 : Phantom Singer 2
Pendant l'émission Phantom Singer 2, les membres se distinguent des autres concurrents pour leur volonté d'expérimenter d'autres genres et pour leurs sélections de chansons aventureuses, une réputation qui persiste à ce jour. Doo-hoon, Min-gyu et Woo-rim sont regroupés dans la même équipe lors de la première étape du quatuor et sont la première équipe à interpréter une chanson rock, Radioactive d'Imagine Dragons, dans son style d'origine plutôt que de la réarranger. Hyung-ho, malgré ses antécédents de chanteur dans un groupe de rock, démontre sa polyvalence en interprétant divers genres avec d'autres candidats. En tant que Forestella, ils ont surpris les téléspectateurs avec un arrangement tango - pop rock de Come Un Eterno Addio de Claudio Baglioni lors de la deuxième étape finale.

2018 : Débuts
Forestella a fait ses débuts le 14 mars 2018 avec l'album complet Evolution, qui a été salué par la critique pour avoir mis en valeur les capacités vocales des membres et les réinterprétations de chansons d'un large éventail de genres. Ils ont donné une série de concerts à Séoul avant de se lancer dans une tournée nationale dans neuf villes. Après la fin de leur tournée, ils ont organisé une série de concerts communs avec Forte di Quattro, vainqueurs de la première saison de Phantom Singer. Au cours de la seconde moitié de l'année, ils ont acquis une plus grande reconnaissance publique grâce à leurs apparitions dans l'émission de chant de la chaîne KBS Immortal Songs: Singing the Legend, en particulier après avoir remporté l'épisode 374, leur première victoire dans l'émission.

2019-2020: Deuxième album et succès continu
Dans l'épisode 392 d'Immortal Songs, diffusé le 23 février 2019, le groupe a repris Bohemian Rhapsody et la vidéo de leur performance est devenue virale parmi les fans nationaux et internationaux, suscitant de nombreuses vidéos de réaction. Ils ont attiré l'attention du groupe norvégien Secret Garden qui a collaboré avec eux pour enregistrer un remake en coréen de leur titre Beautiful. La chanson a été prépubliée en tant que single numérique par Secret Garden et plus tard incluse dans les sorties sud-coréenne et japonaise de leur album Storyteller.

Le , Forestella a sorti son deuxième album Mystique, acclamé par la critique et le public. L'un des morceaux, Dear Moon (달하 노피곰 도다샤), sorti en tant que single numérique promotionnel deux semaines auparavant, est basé sur un poème de l'ère Baekje intitulé Jeongeupsa (정읍사). C'est l'un des albums les plus vendus dans les charts classiques nationaux, devenant certifié platine en décembre. Le groupe Forestella est devenu l'un des trois artistes classiques à avoir vendu un album dépassant la certification «or» cette année-là.

En septembre 2019, les membres du groupe décident de continuer à travailler ensemble et renouvèlent leur contrat de groupe, tout en préparant des activités en solo. Min-gyu et Doo-hoon rejoignent d'autres agences pour leurs activités en solo. Doo-hoon retourne au théâtre musical tandis que Min-gyu et Hyung-ho ont tous les deux sorti des chansons en tant qu'artistes solo. Woo-rim a préféré poursuivre ses études, bien qu'il se soit produit lors de divers récitals et concerts classiques.

Le , Forestella sort un single numérique, un remake de la chanson Nella Fantasia, crossover entre style classique et plus traditionnel. Cela est suivi par un autre single numérique Together (함께라는 이유), qui tombe dans le genre pop, et un clip vidéo d'accompagnement. Together a été composé pour eux par l'auteur-compositeur et producteur , qui a composé ou arrangé pour des chanteurs notables et des groupes de K-pop tels que BoA, Shinhwa, Girls' Generation, Sung Si-kyung et Yoon Jong-shin . En août, ils ont reçu le prix du Comité de la culture, des sports et du tourisme de l'Assemblée nationale au Newsis Hallyu Culture Daesang. Ils ont ensuite sorti deux autres singles numériques : Words from the Wind (바람이 건네준 말) et Ties (연(緣)). Bien que les membres aient toujours été activement impliqués dans la production et l'arrangement de leurs sorties, Words from the Wind est le premier titre où ils sont officiellement crédités en tant que co-compositeurs.

Depuis 2021 : troisième album
À partir de janvier 2021, une édition "All Star" de 12 épisodes de Phantom Singer est diffusée et Forestella fait partie des équipes de retour en tant que gagnante de la deuxième saison. Ils publient ensuite leur troisième album complet The Forestella au format numérique le 19 avril, tandis que l'album physique sort deux semaines plus tard. Les quatre singles numériques sortis l'année précédente sont également inclus dans l'album. L'album comprend également un remake en coréen du tube de Serge Lama Je suis malade ; ils ont repris la chanson dans son français original cette année-là sur Phantom Singer All Star et ont reçu les éloges de Serge Lama lui-même.

Selon les statistiques compilées par le Korea Performing Arts Box Office Information System (KOPIS), Forestella s'est classée au premier rang des ventes de billets dans la catégorie "classique et opéra" pour le premier semestre 2021. Malgré de multiples reports de certaines des dates de leurs tournées Nella Fantasia: Time Travel et The Forestella repoussées sur plusieurs mois en raison des restrictions liées au COVID-19, trois des concerts se sont classés dans le top 5 des concerts les plus vendus dans cette catégorie. Le 2 août, il a été annoncé que le groupe avait signé avec Beat Interactive après avoir résilié leur contrat avec leur ancien manager deux mois plus tôt, bien que les membres individuels restent sous leurs agences respectives pour leurs activités solo. Cependant, leur précédent manager reste chargé de la tournée The Forestella conformément à leur accord puisque cela a été prévu avant la résiliation du contrat.

Lors des Brand of the Year Awards 2021, qui ont eu lieu le 7 septembre, ils sont nommés Crossover Group of the Year.

Membres
 Bae Doo-hoon (배두훈) - baryton
 Kang Hyung-ho (강형호) - contreténor
 Cho Min-gyu (조민규) - ténor
 Ko Woo-rim (고우림) - basse

Talent artistique
Connu du public national pour ses apparitions lors de l'émission Immortal Songs et les concerts publics télévisés  de KBS, le groupe a démontré sa polyvalence en réinterprétant des chansons de divers genres allant du trot au gugak (musique traditionnelle coréenne) et en incorporant des techniques de chant rock, pop et classique dans leurs performances. La diversité de leur répertoire est apparente à travers les artistes et les ensembles avec lesquels ils ont joué, qui incluent le ténor de crossover classique Paul Potts, les interprètes de gugak Song So-hee  et Ahn Sook-sun  ou encore le chanteur pop Jang Hye-jin. Les membres ont déclaré qu'ils n'avaient jamais ressenti le besoin de se limiter à un genre spécifique et préféraient expérimenter et s'inspirer de leurs préférences musicales individuelles variées. Lorsqu'on leur a demandé pourquoi ils se sont aventurés dans le genre crossover classique, Min-gyu et Woo-rim ont tous deux exprimé leur mécontentement face au répertoire limité qui leur a été donné en tant que chanteurs formés dans la tradition de l'opéra classique occidental et espéraient défier le conservatisme encore répandu au sein de la communauté de la musique classique. Le quatuor a été salué par les commentateurs pour avoir brisé les barrières de la scène musicale nationale qui existaient entre les chanteurs de formation classique et d'autres genres.

Forestella a d'abord établi des comparaisons avec Forte di Quattro, qui a remporté la première saison de Phantom Singer. Newsis a estimé que  . Cependant, contrairement à leurs prédécesseurs de l'émission Phantom Singer, le son de Forestella a été décrit comme . Quel que soit le genre, leurs performances sont généralement caractérisées par des harmonies bien définies et par une gamme vocale inhabituellement large, couvrant les tessitures de contreténor à basse profonde.

Discographie

Albums studio

Singles

En tant qu'artiste principal

En collaboration

Reprise lors d'émission télévisée

Télévision

Concerts

Concerts et tournées en solo
 Tournée Évolution (2018)
 Concerts Forêt et Etoiles (2018)
 Tournée Mystique (2019)
 Concerts Forêt d'hiver (2019)
 Tournée Nella Fantasia: voyage dans le temps (2020–21)
 Tournée The Forestella (2021)
 The Royal à Seoul (2021, 2022)

Participation à des concerts et tournées collectives

 Tournée Phantom Singer 2  (2017-2018)

 Concerts Phantom vs Phantom (2018) (with Forte di Quattro)
 Concerts Illuso : Autumn's Masterpieces (2019) (with Forte di Quattro, Miraclass and Ingihyunsang)
 Concert Phantom of Classic  (2019) (with Forte di Quattro and Miraclass)
 Concert Phantom Singer All Star Gala (2021)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Artiste d'Universal Music Group
Groupe musical formé en 2018
Quatuor vocal
Groupe musical sud-coréen

Forestella


Springe er en by og en kommune med omkring 30.000 indbyggere i den sydligste del af Region Hannover i den tyske delstat  Niedersachsen.

Geografi

Byen ligger ved  Deisterpforte, en dal mellem de sydlige udløbere af Deister og  Kleinen Deister. I Deisterpforte ligger udspringet til floden   Haller, der gav byen  Springe sit middelalderlige navn Hallerspring.

Begge kilder til  Haller er på  Raher Berg ved  Am Spielbrink 123,2 moh. i et vandindvindsanlæg fra vandforsyningsfirmaet Purena Hallerbrønden fører kildevand der delvis er karstificerede koralkalk fra Oberjura, der suppleres af tilstrømninger fra de 15 m tykke kvartsholdige løse klipper. Det tilstrømmende vand er lidt alkalisk og har forhøjet  hårdhed. Kilderne forsyner byen Springe med drikkevand og omfatter 0,5 million m³ om året.

Inddeling
I kommunen ligger
 Springe (hovedbyen) med 12.605 indbyggere
 Bennigsen med 3.997 indbyggere
 Völksen med 3.366 indbyggere
 Eldagsen med 3.253 indbyggere
 Gestorf med 1.756 indbyggere
 Altenhagen I med 1.223 indbyggere
 Lüdersen med 991 indbyggere
 Alvesrode med 508 indbyggere
 Alferde med 506 indbyggere
 Holtensen med 428 indbyggere
 Mittelrode med 305 indbyggere
 Boitzum med 176 indbyggere

Indbyggere pr. 1. Oktober 2014

Nabokommuner
Springe grænser (med uret fra nord) til  Barsinghausen, Wennigsen (Deister), Ronnenberg, Hemmingen og Pattensen (Region Hannover), til Nordstemmen og Elze i Landkreis Hildesheim, samt til Salzhemmendorf, Coppenbrügge og Bad Münder i Landkreis Hameln-Pyrmont.

Kilder og henvisninger

 Officielt websted

Springe


Yağmurca, Zonguldak ilinin Devrek ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1919 yılı kayıtlarında Gordeşin, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında ise Gürdişe olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Zonguldak il merkezine 77 km, Devrek ilçe merkezine 17 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Devrek belde ve köyleri

Yağmurca, Devrek


Rukometni klub Slatina (RK Slatina, Slatina) je muški rukometni klub iz Slatine, Virovitičko-podravska županija.

O klubu
Rukometni klub u tadašnjoj Podravskoj Slatini je osnovan 1954. godine pod nazivom RK "Partizan". Klub se kasnije preimenuje u RK "Slatina". Klub je u sezoni 1971./72. ušao u Jedinstvenu hrvatsku ligu. 1976. godine osvaja prvenstvo SR Hrvatske, te se plasira u Drugu saveznu ligu, u kojoj igra tri sezone. Do raspada SFRJ klub je uglavnom igrao u Hrvatskoj regionalnoj ligi - Istok. Do 1985. godine je klub tri puta osvojio Zimsko prvenstvo Hrvatske u Slavonskoj regiji, te je četiri puta bio prvak Hrvatske regionalne lige Istok, odnosno Slavonske regionalne lige.
Osamostaljenjem Hrvatske, klub se natjecao u 1. B ligi, 2. HRL i 3. HRL. U sezonama 2008./09. i 2009./10. je bio član Dukat 1. HRL, a kasnije u 2. HRL Sjever, te od sezone 2016./17. u 2. HRL Istok.

Pri klubu je od 1955. do 1975. godine djelovala i ženska ekipa.

Uspjesi
 Prvenstvo SR Hrvatske
 prvak: 1976.

Plasmani po sezonama

Poznati igrači
 Goran Perkovac

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Slatina
 ŽRK Slatina

Vanjske poveznice
 skola-rukometa-slatina.webnode - Škola Rukometa Slatina - škola rukometa za RK "Slatinu"
 RK Slatina, facebook stranica
 furkisport.hr/hrs, Slatina, rezultati po sezonama
 sportilus.com, Rukometni klub Slatina

Izvori
 Marijan Flander i dr: Razvoj rukometa u Hrvatskoj : od prvih početaka do 1985. godine, Zagreb, 1986., UDK: 796.322(497.13)(091), str. 153
 skola-rukometa-slatina.webnode.hr, O nama, pristupljeno 22. rujna 2018.
 slatina.hr, Sportska zajednica , pristupljeno 22. rujna 2018.
 bisnode.hr, RUKOMETNI KLUB "SLATINA"

Slatina
Slatina

RK Slatina


Anthologie poétique (1992-2005) est une anthologie de poèmes de Mahmoud Darwich parus de 1992 à 2005, publiée en édition bilingue (versions originale et traduite) en 2009. L'ouvrage est paru après la mort de l'auteur en août 2008.

Composition de l'ouvrage
L'anthologie reprend des poèmes des recueils suivants :
 Onze Astres
 Pourquoi as-tu laissé le cheval à sa solitude ?
 Le Lit de l'étrangère
 Murale
 État de siège
 Ne t'excuse pas
 Comme des fleurs d'amandier ou plus loin

Réédition
L'anthologie est reprise en 2019 en Algérie par les éditions Barzakh.

Notes et références

Recueil de poèmes en arabe
Œuvre de Mahmoud Darwich

Anthologie poétique (1992-2005)


Nair Oganesovitch Tiknizyan (en , et en ) est un footballeur international arménien né le 12 mai 1999 à Saint-Pétersbourg. Il joue au poste d'arrière gauche au Lokomotiv Moscou.

Biographie

En club
Il réalise ses débuts avec le CSKA Moscou le 20 septembre 2017, lors d'un match Coupe de Russie contre l'Avangard Koursk.

Le 9 janvier 2019, il signe un nouveau contrat de trois ans.

Il fait ses débuts dans le championnat de Russie le 25 août 2019, contre l'Akhmat Grozny en entrant à la 89 minute de jeu à la place d'Ivan Obliakov.

Le 20 janvier 2020, il est prêté à l'Avangard Koursk.

Le 11 septembre 2020, il prolonge son contrat jusqu'à la fin de la saison 2024-2025.

Le 13 mars 2021, il inscrit son premier but dans le championnat de Russie, sur la pelouse de l'Arsenal Toula. Il ne peut toutefois empêcher la défaite de son équipe, 2-1.

Le 4 août 2021, il signe un contrat de cinq ans avec le Lokomotiv Moscou.

En équipe nationale
Avec les espoirs, il participe au championnat d'Europe espoirs en 2021. Lors de cette compétition organisée en Hongrie et en Slovénie, il joue trois matchs. Il se met en évidence en marquant un but lors de la première rencontre face à l'Islande. Avec un bilan d'une victoire et deux défaites, la Russie est éliminée dès le premier tour.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur russe
Joueur du CSKA Moscou (football)
Joueur de l'Avangard Koursk
Joueur du Lokomotiv Moscou
Naissance en mai 1999
Naissance à Saint-Pétersbourg

Nair Tiknizyan


Os protestos políticos tailandeses de 2010 foram uma série de protestos políticos organizados pela Frente Unida pela Democracia Contra a Ditadura (UDD) (também conhecida como "Camisas Vermelhas") em Bangkok, Tailândia, de 12 de março a 19 de maio de 2010 contra o Governo liderado pelo Partido Democrata. A UDD pediu que o primeiro-ministro Abhisit Vejjajiva dissolva o parlamento e realize eleições antes das eleições de fim de mandato marcadas para 2012. A UDD exigiu que o governo renunciasse, mas as negociações para marcar uma data para as eleições falharam. Os protestos se transformaram em confrontos violentos prolongados entre os manifestantes e os militares, e as tentativas de negociar um cessar-fogo falharam. Mais de 80 civis e seis soldados foram mortos e mais de 2 100 feridos quando os militares reprimiram violentamente o protesto em 19 de maio.

História da Tailândia

Protestos políticos tailandeses de 2010


كوالينغا  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة فريسنو، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 3 أبريل، 1906.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لكوالينغا في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان كوالينغا 11,668 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 3,515 أسرة وعدد العائلات 2,631 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 3,848 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 57.31% من البيض و2.37% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و1.52% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و1.65% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.24% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و32.30% من الأعراق الأخرى و4.61% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و49.80% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 3,515 أسرة كانت نسبة 50.4% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 56.2% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 13% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 5.7% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 25.1% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 20.6% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 8.2% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.09، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.59.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 28.6 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 32.9% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 9.5% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 27.7% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 15.1% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 7.8% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 98.0 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 94.0 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 38,133 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 41,208 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 41,129 دولارًا مقابل 29,088 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 14,425 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 16.4% من العائلات ونسبة 20.3% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 26.1% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 7.9% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان كوالينغا 13,380 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 3,896 أسرة وعدد العائلات 2,882 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 4,344 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 57.80% من البيض و4.10% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و1.28% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و3.04% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.27% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و29.42% من الأعراق الأخرى و4.08% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و53.52% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 3,896 أسرة كانت نسبة 46.4% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 49.1% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 16.9% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 8% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 26% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 20.5% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 5.6% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.02، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.49.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 31.9 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 28.1% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 12% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 27.2% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 24.7% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 7.9% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 55.2% ذكور و44.8% إناث.

أعلام
 باول غرين
 داريل باترسون
 هال فيني
 جو ستافورد
 بادي مكدونالد

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1888
تأسيسات سنة 1888 في كاليفورنيا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن مقاطعة فريسنو (كاليفورنيا)
سان هواكين فالي

كوالينغا (كاليفورنيا)


Erik Waldemar Larsson (* 18. Januar 1905 in Stockholm; † 8. März 1970 ebenda) war ein schwedischer Eishockeyspieler.

Karriere
Auf Vereinsebene spielte Erik Larsson ausschließlich in seiner Heimatstadt für Hammarby IF. Von 1923 bis 1933 trat er mit seiner Mannschaft in der schwedischen Meisterschaft an. In den Spielzeiten 1932 und 1933 gewann er mit Hammarby IF jeweils den nationalen Meistertitel.

International
Für Schweden nahm Larsson an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1928 in St. Moritz teil, bei denen er mit seiner Mannschaft die Silbermedaille gewann. Als bestes europäisches Team bei den Olympischen Winterspielen gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft den Europameistertitel. Bei der Europameisterschaft 1932 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft die Goldmedaille.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1928 Silbermedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen
 1932 Goldmedaille bei der Europameisterschaft
 1932 Schwedischer Meister mit Hammarby IF
 1933 Schwedischer Meister mit Hammarby IF

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Schweden)
Eishockeyspieler (Hammarby IF)
Olympiateilnehmer (Schweden)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1928
Europameister (Eishockey)
Schwedischer Meister (Eishockey)
Schwede
Geboren 1905
Gestorben 1970
Mann

Erik Larsson (Eishockeyspieler)


{| class="sortable wikitable"
! God. !! Mjesto održavanja !! Vrsta !! Prvakinja
|-
| 2014. || Đakovo || zatvoreno || Borka Frančišković
|-
| 2013. || Zagreb || zatvoreno || Valentina Golubenko
|-
| 2012. || Rijeka || zatvoreno || Valentina Golubenko
|-
| 2011. || Topusko || zatvoreno || Mirjana Medić
|-
| 2010. || Topusko || zatvoreno || Borka Frančišković
|-
| 2009. || Krapina || zatvoreno || Borka Frančišković
|-
| 2008. || Sveti Martin na Muri || zatvoreno || Borka Frančišković
|-
| 2007. || Đakovo || zatvoreno || Borka Frančišković
|-
| 2006. || Zagreb || zatvoreno || Mirjana Medić
|-
| 2005. || || ||
|-
| 2004. || Zagreb || zatvoreno || Rajna Šargač
|-
| 2003. || Rabac || otvoreno || Mirjana Medić
|-
| 2002. || Zagreb || otvoreno || Mara Jelica
|-
| 2001. || || ||
|-
| 2000. || || ||
|-
| 1999. || Pula || otvoreno || Vlasta Maček
|-
| 1998. || Pula  || zatvoreno || Zorica Puljek
|-
| 1997. || || ||
|-
| 1996. || Pula || otvoreno || Mirjana Medić
|-
| 1995. || Slavonski Brod || zatvoreno || Mirjana Medić
|-
| 1994. || Poreč || otvoreno || Mirjana Medić
|-
| 1993. || Zagreb || otvoreno || Mirjana Medić
|-
| 1992. || Pula/Đakovo || otvoreno/zatvoreno || Albina Paraminski/Vlasta Maček
|}

Šah u Hrvatskoj
prvenstvo-žene

Prvenstvo Hrvatske u šahu za žene


Kessel est le nom d'une ancienne famille noble de Thuringe qui est apparue pour la première fois dans un document avec Erich Kessil en 1388. Le nom change entre Keßeler, Keßlar et Kessel.

Histoire
Le nom apparaît pour la première fois dans un document en 1388 avec Erich Kessil la ligne directe commence avec Klaus von Keßler (mort en 1443), seigneur de Zeutsch et Schwarza et seigneur d'intérêt à Keßlar.

Élévations à la noblesse
 Titre de comte prussien obtenu le 9 février 1774 à Berlin pour Carl Wilhelm von Kessel, lieutenant royal prussien dans le régiment de cuirassiers "von Schlabrendorff".
 Titre de Baron prussien obtenu le 18 septembre 1873 avec diplôme du 28 septembre 1873 à Berlin comme « von Kessel und Zeutsch », avec primogéniture et lié à la propriété de Raake dans l'arrondissement d'Œls, pour l'ancien de l'État Georg von Kessel.

Blason

 Les armoiries de la famille montrent en bleu un cor de chasse doré (forme médiévale :  avec ruban) sur trois (2 : 1) étoiles dorées. Sur le casque aux coques bleues et dorées, une étoile dorée entre deux bâtons de cerf naturels.
 Les armoiries du comte de 1774 portent le même écu que les armoiries de la famille. Les porte-boucliers sont deux aigles couronnés debout l'un contre l'autre.
 Les armoiries du baron de 1873 portent le même écu que les armoiries de la famille. Les porte-boucliers sont deux faucons de chasse naturels avec des bonnets bruns noués d'or, qui sont équipés de trois plumes d'autruche (bleu-or-bleu).

Membres connus de la famille

 Albrecht von Kessel (1902-1976), diplomate, frère de
 Bernhard von Kessel (1817-1882), général d'infanterie prussien, adjudant général de l'empereur Guillaume
 Emil von Kessel (1804-1870), major général prussien
  (1890-1934), directeur du bureau de presse
  (1896-1975), homme politique
  (1832-1903), propriétaire d'un manoir et membre du Reichstag allemand
 Gustav von Kessel (1760–1827), général prussien
 Gustav von Kessel (1797–1857), général prussien
 Gustav von Kessel (1846–1918), général prussien
  (1867–1945), général allemand
  (1862–1921), député de la chambre des représentants de Prusse
 Mortimer von Kessel (1893–1981), général allemand
  (né en 1965), organiste

Littérature
 Christiane von Kessel und Zeutsch: von Kessel, Bilder und Berichte. Darmstadt 1979.
 Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels. Adelslexikon. Band VI, Band 91 der Gesamtreihe, C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1987, S. 190
 Association de la noblesse allemande (Hrsg.): Jahrbuch des Deutschen Adels. Zweiter Band, Verlag von W. T. Bruer, Berlin 1898, S. 232.

Références

Famille noble allemande
Noblesse prussienne

Famille von Kessel


An Willdenowia bolusii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Neville Stuart Pillans. An Willdenowia bolusii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Willdenowia, ngan familia nga Restionaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Willdenowia

Willdenowia bolusii


Legea imigrației din 1924 a fost o lege federală a Statelor Unite care a limitat numărul imigranților cărora le-a fost permisă intrarea în Statele Unite după țara de origine. Actul a restricționat imigranți din sudul și estul Europei, în mod deosebit italieni, evrei și slavi, care începuseră să intre în țară în numere mari de la începutul anilor 1890.De asemenea, legea a consolidat interzicerea imigranților din Asia care a fost introdusă prin acte anterioare, efectiv interzicând tuturor asiaticilor să imigreze în Statele Unite.

Note

Rasism
1924 în Statele Unite ale Americii
Slavofobie

Legea imigrației din 1924


Drvenasta mlječika (drvolika mlječika, lat. Euphorbia dendroides), mediteranski grm iz porodice mlječikovki. raširen je po cijelom Mediteranu, uključujući i Kanare. Raste i u Hrvatskoj.

Izvori

Mlječika

Drvenasta mlječika


Stein ist eine Streusiedlung in der Gemeinde Prägraten am Großvenediger. Die Ortschaft wird zur Fraktion Bobojach gezählt.

Geographie
Stein liegt oberhalb bzw. nördlich der Fraktion Bobojach und besteht aus den Bauernhöfen Obersteiner (Bobojach 1a) und Untersteiner (Bobojach 2), wobei der Hof Untersteiner in rund 1440 und der Hof Obersteiner in rund 1450 Metern liegt. Erreichbar sind die beiden Höfe aus westlicher Richtung von Bobojach und Wallhorn aus, wobei der Hof Untersteiner rund 300 Meter südöstlich des Hofes Obersteiner liegt.

Bauwerke
Die beiden Hofstellen Obersteiner und Untersteiner bestehen jeweils aus mehreren Gebäuden, wobei vor allem die Kapelle in Oberstein von Bedeutung ist. Die Kapelle zur heiligen Dreifaltigkeit, auch Stoanakapelle genannt, ist ein kleiner Kapellenbau über rechteckigem Grundriss mit polygonalem Schluss. Wahrscheinlich im 17. Jahrhundert an der Stelle einer Vorgängerkapelle errichtet, verfügt das Bauwerk über ein schindelgedecktes Satteldach und einen eingangsseitigen Dachreiter mit Glocke, der von Kugel und Wetterhahn sowie einem Kreuz bekrönt ist. Die Eingangswand ist durch ein Rechteckportal mit Sichtfenster und einer Lichtöffnung im Giebelfeld durchbrochen, die südliche Längswand verfügt über zwei Rechteckfenster. Im Inneren finden sich ein Tonnengewölbe über hölzernem Profilgesims sowie ein gefliester Fußboden. Der hölzerne Altar mit polychromer Steinfassung wurde vermutlich im 17. Jahrhundert gefertigt und zeigt im Altarblatt aus dem Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts die Krönung der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit. Im Auszug befindet sich ein Mariahilf-Bild des Cranach-Typus, zudem werden die Säulen von hölzernen Figuren des heiligen Petrus und des heiligen Paulus flankiert. In der Sockelzone befinden sich zudem Statuetten der heiligen Andreas und Johannes Nepomuk. Des Weiteren beherbergt die Kapelle zahlreiche Bildwerke und ein Gemälde einer Kreuzigungsgruppe. Die sechs Konsolenfiguren stammen aus der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Bundesdenkmalamt (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler des politischen Bezirkes Lienz. Teil III. Iseltal, Defereggental, Kalsertal, Virgental. Verlag Berger, Horn 2007 ISBN 978-3-85028-448-6 (Österreichische Kunsttopographie, Band LVII)

Weblinks

Geographie (Prägraten am Großvenediger)
Ort im Bezirk Lienz

Stein (Gemeinde Prägraten am Großvenediger)


La torre de Águias es un edificio de estilo manuelino situado en la localidad de Águias, en la freguesia de Brotas (distrito de Évora, Portugal). Fue clasificada como monumento nacional por el Real Decreto n.º 136 del 23 de junio de 1910. Fue restaurada en 1946.

Nuno Manuel, aristócrata portugués, mandó levantarla en 1520, posiblemente sobre una estructura más antigua. En ella reposaban los hidalgos que iban de cacería, cosa frecuente en la región durante esa época.

Arquitectura
La torre tiene una planta cuadrada de unos 18 metros de lado, levantándose cerca de 20 metros del suelo. Su fábrica es de sillería y mampostería de granito y su estilo manuelino. En lo alto destacan unos pináculos que en Portugal reciben en nombre de coruchéus.

Un salón cubierto con bóvedas nervadas constituye la planta baja. En la primera planta hay un salón noble con chimenea, también cubierto con el mismo tipo de bóvedas, además de algunas estancias contiguas. Las plantas segunda y tercera no presentan divisiones.

Enlaces externos
  Torre das Águias en IGESPAR
  (SIPA / IHRU)
  Instituto Portugués de Arqueología
  Torre das Águias en WikiMapia

Aguias
Monumentos nacionales de Portugal
Arquitectura de Portugal del siglo XVI
Arquitectura manuelina en Portugal
Arquitectura de 1520
Mora (Portugal)

Torre de Águias


Respect! er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Susanna Edwards efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Mica, Emilie, Vickan og Lollo er fire 16-årige piger fra den stockholmske forstad Farsta. Filmen følger dem i skolen og i fritiden, hvor tempoet er højt og jargonen rå. En hudløs skildring af fire unge, der længes efter at give sig hen og prøve grænser af. Det handler om at finde sig selv og bevare sin stolthed.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2000
Film fra Danmark (administrationskategori)
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Respect!


Cirkus Krone er en dansk cirkus, oprindeligt etableret i 1939, med fast sommerturne siden 1984. Det nuværende cirkustelt er et to-masters, 22 meter diameter, fra 2011, med plads til omkring 300 tilskuere. Sommersæsonen løber fra april til september, i vinterperioden optrædes i institutioner og butikscentre. Til og med sæson 2017 blev Cirkus Krone drevet af Irene Thierry med bistand af ægtefællen Jan Allan alias klovnen Allando. Fra 2018 overtager Irenes ældste søn Frank driften af Cirkus Krone.

Det danske Cirkus Krone har ingen forbindelse til tyske Circus Krone.

Familiens cirkus-rødder går tilbage til 1939, hvor Irene Thierrys nu afdøde far Regner Thierry startede et markedscirkus under navnet Cirkus Thierry. Der var tre artister, Ebba og Regner Thierry, og Ebbas bror Ejner Holmberg. Senere kom den nuværende leder, Irene Thierry, og hendes bror Ricard med. Irene dansede ballet, lavede akrobatik og optrådte i trapez, mens Ricard udførte balance på rulle og spillede musik. At cirkus skiftede navn til Krone skyldtes at billetprisen var 50 øre, men en dag løb Ebba, der solgte billetter, tør for byttepenge, hvorefter Regner sagde: »Så tag en krone for billetten!« Krone lød så godt, at cirkus skiftede navn. Senere købte familien et tivoli, hvor Richard og Irene lavede luftnummer i en svajmast, der blev rejst midt på tivolipladsen. Cirkus Krones turnéer blev herefter kortere og kortere, og cirkus lukkede helt ned under de vanskelige krigsår i begyndelsen af 1940'erne. I 1950 genstartede det med et gammelt militærtelt, og kort efter overtog man Cirkus Robert Daniels gamle telt – det cirkus hvor Regner Thierry selv begyndte sin artistkarriere i 1933 – teltet holdt helt frem til 1970.

I 1984 genetablerede Irene Thierry Cirkus Krone sammen med sønnerne Frank og Marc. Frank optrådte som balancekunstner, klovn, trapezkunstner og musiker, og Marc som musikalsk klovn og trommeslager. I dag bistår de to sønner med administrative opgaver. De øvrige artister var i begyndelsen unge talenter, der først kom i lære på cirkusskole, og efterfølgende kunne prøve deres kunnen af under Cirkus Krones sommerturne. I 1999 stoppede Cirkus Krone med selv at oplære unge talenter og engagerer i dag artister udefra.

Eksterne henvisninger og kilder

Cirkus Krones hjemmeside
Cirkus i Danmark

Krone
Etableret i 1939
Etableret i 1984

Cirkus Krone