Pierre Villeminot (*  14. April 1913 in Clerval; † 17. April  1945 in Koselitz) war ein französischer Schriftsteller, Dichter und Widerstandskämpfer.

Leben
Villeminot wurde in der französischen Gemeinde  Clerval geboren und durch den bald beginnenden Ersten Weltkrieg zum Halbwaisen. Ab 1933 arbeitete er beim Autohersteller Talbot als Ingenieur. Seinen Wehrdienst absolvierte Villeminot beim 35e régiment d'infanterie in Belfort.

Bereits zu Beginn des Zweiten Weltkrieges und der damit verbundenen Kriegserklärung Frankreichs an Deutschland wurde Villeminot am 2. September 1939 zum Kriegsdienst einberufen, wo er im Elsass eingesetzt war. Nach dem Zusammenbruch der französischen Front floh er im Juni 1940 in die Schweiz, kehrte aber im Januar des Folgejahres nach Frankreich zurück, wo er Kontakte zur Résistance knüpfte.

Pierre Villeminot hielt sich zunächst in der von Deutschland unbesetzten Zone im Süden den Landes auf, überquerte aber bald die Demarkationslinie, um in sein Heimatdorf Clerval zu gelangen. Hier organisierte und verübte er Sabotageakte und legte in Eigeninitiative heimlich ein Waffenlager an, in dem er Waffen, welche nach der Niederlage der französischen Armee auf dem Grund des Flusses Doubs versenkt worden waren, nachts mit Hilfe eines kleinen Bootes hob und anschließend reparierte. Außerdem versteckte er verfolgte Widerstandskämpfer und sorgte für ihre Verpflegung. Dafür wurde Villeminot 1942  zum Leutnant in der Groupe Valmy von Pierre Georges (alias Colonel Fabien) ernannt.

Schließlich wurden Villeminot gemeinsam mit seiner Frau Yvonne im Oktober 1942 von der französischen Polizei #Koselitz|verhaftet und an die Gestapo ausgeliefert. Zunächst kamen beide in das Gefängnis La Butte in Besançon. Man entdeckte bald, dass die Widerstandsgruppe um Villeminot weit größer war, als angenommen und  fand das beeindruckende Waffenarsenal, welches die Truppe angelegt hatte. In der Folgezeit kam es zu mehr als dreißig Verhaftungen und Pierre Villeminot wurde zu einer lebenslangen Haftstrafe verurteilt. Villeminot saß vom 28. Februar bis 13. Juli 1943 im Fort Romainville in Romainville ein. Anschließend wurde er in das KZ Natzweiler-Struthof im Elsass verlegt, von hier im September 1944 aus nach Dachau und kurz darauf in ein Außenlager des KZs Flossenbürg im nordsächsischen Gröditz.

Pierre Villeminot wurde noch kurz vor Ende des Krieges am 17. April 1945 Opfer eines Massakers, welches an 188 Insassen des Lagers in einem Steinbruch unweit der kleinen Gemeinde Koselitz verübt wurde, als amerikanische Streitkräfte nur noch etwa achtzehn Kilometer vom Lager entfernt waren. Von Villeminot selbst fand man in Koselitz nur noch eine Jacke mit seiner letzten Häftlingsnummer 28301.

Seine Frau Yvonne, welche den Zweiten Weltkrieg überlebte, besuchte gemeinsam mit Fernand Traver (1906–1979) im Juni 1945 den Ort des Geschehens. Fernand Traver war ein überlebender Mithäftling ihres Mannes, der später bei den Nürnberger Prozessen zum Massaker bei Koselitz aussagte.

Literarisches Werk
Yvonne Villeminot veröffentlichte 1984 den autobiografischen Roman "Nélida", welchen ihr sich bereits früh für Literatur interessierender Mann im Alter von 20 Jahren verfasste und welcher im Folgejahr mit dem Prix Louis Pergaud ausgezeichnet wurde.

Das 1985 erschienene Werk "Si je reviens" enthält Auszüge aus Tagebüchern und  von Villeminot verfassten Briefen, die durch Erinnerungen  von Yvonne Villeminot ergänzt wurden.

Andenken
Im Museum der Résistance und der Déportation, welches sich in der Zitadelle der französischen Stadt Besançon befindet, wird unter anderem mit Ausstellungsstücken, wie Briefen, zeitgenössischen Dokumenten und Fotos an das Wirken und Schicksal Pierre Villeminots erinnert.

In Besançon wurde außerdem die "Rue Pierre Villeminot" nach dem Widerstandskämpfer benannt.

Einzelnachweise
 Iris Hofer: Das Museum der Résistance und der Déportation In: Einsichten und Perspektiven – Bayrische Zeitschrift für Politik und Geschichte, März 2005
 Biografie Pierre Villeminots auf einer privaten Homepage zum Thema der Gemeinde Clerval, abgerufen am 4. April 2012

Résistancekämpfer
Häftling im KZ Natzweiler-Struthof
Häftling im KZ Dachau
Todesopfer im KZ Flossenbürg
Franzose
Geboren 1913
Gestorben 1945
Mann

Pierre Villeminot


Helophorus grandis ist ein Käfer aus der Familie der Wasserkäfer (Hydrophilidae) und der Unterfamilie Helophorinae. Die Gattung Helophorus ist in Europa mit acht Untergattungen vertreten, Helophorus grandis gehört zur Untergattung Helophorus, die in Europa mit sieben Arten vertreten ist. Die Art Helophorus maritimus wurde früher unter dem Namen Helophorus grandis maritimus als Unterart von Helophorus grandis geführt. Sie wurde jedoch auf Artniveau gestellt, da Helophorus grandis und Helophorus maritimus unterschiedliche Karyogramme besitzen.

Der Gattungsname Helophorus von altgriechisch ήλος 'hēlos' 'Nagel, Buckel' und φωρῶς 'phorós' 'tragend' benennt die Erhebungen auf dem Halsschild.  Der Artname grandis von lat. grándis  bedeutet 'groß' und bezieht sich auf den relativ großen Körper. Als deutscher Name für die artenreiche Gattung ist 'Furchenwasserkäfer' gebräuchlich.

Merkmale des Käfers
Der sechs bis neun Millimeter lange Käfer ist gelbbraun, die Färbung wird aber häufig durch Verschmutzung verfälscht. Kopf und Halsschild besitzen gewöhnlich einen grünlichen Erzglanz. Der Käfer ist von oben betrachtet länglich oval und von der Seite betrachtet unten flach und oben gewölbt.

Die viergliedrigen Unterkiefertaster mit sehr kleinem Basisglied ragen weit über den Kopfumriss hinaus. Ihr letztes Glied ist nicht symmetrisch zur Längsachse, sondern die  Innenseite ist fast gerade, die Außenseite dagegen deutlich nach außen gewölbt (Abb. 3). Die Mandibeln sind kurz und gebogen. Sie enden in einer Spitze und tragen auf der Innenseite einen kleinen spitzen Zahn. Die neungliedrigen Fühler sind auf der Kopfunterseite eingelenkt. Auf die zwei kräftigen Basisglieder folgen drei schmale Fühlerglieder und ein sich an die Keule anschmiegendes Glied. Die Fühler enden in einer dreigliedrigen Keule, deren Glieder durch die Behaarung matt erscheinen.

Die Arten der Gattung sind leicht durch fünf Längsfurchen auf dem Halsschild erkennbar. Bei Helophorus grandis sind die Zwischenräume gleichmäßig grob und vollständig granuliert, die Körner fließen nicht zusammen.

Die Flügeldecken tragen deutliche Reihen aus groben Punkten. Die Zwischenräume zwischen den Punktreihen sind abwechselnd fast eben und gewölbt. Dies ist besonders von der Seite im Schulterbereich sichtbar (Abb. 1). Die Punktreihe neben der Flügeldeckennaht verzweigt sich in der Nähe der Basis. Die dadurch entstehende stark verkürzte Punktreihe nennt man Skutellarstreif. Einen Skutellarstreif besitzt nur ein Teil der Arten der Gattung. Die Flügeldecken können dunkel oder hell gefleckt sein.

Der Hinterrand des letzten Abdominalsternits ist wesentlich prägnanter gezackt als der des ähnlichen, aber kleineren Helophorus aquaticus. Die Zacken sind zinnenartig mit deutlichen Zwischenräumen (Abb. 2).

Die Beine sind eher schwach ausgebildet. Vorder- und Mitteltarsen sind viergliedrig, die Hintertarse fünfgliedrig. Die Klauenglieder sind lang, das Klauenglied der Hintertarsen jedoch deutlich kürzer als die übrigen vier Tarsenglieder zusammen.

Larve
Die langgestreckte Larve besitzt neun vollständig entwickelte Hinterleibssegmente und zwei lange dreigliedrige Abdominalanhänge. Im dritten Stadium erreicht sie eine Länge von 9,5 bis elf Millimeter und eine Kopfbreite von 1,05 bis 1,2 Millimeter.

Der Vorderrand des Kopfes trägt in der Mitte einen dreieckigen Fortsatz, der einen Spitzenwinkel nur wenig unter 90° bildet und dessen Seiten gezähnt sind. Beidseitig davon sitzt je ein nach vorn gerichtete lappenförmiger Fortsätze, an dessen Vorderrand jeweils fünf nach innen gekrümmte Borsten sitzen.

Jedes Hinterleibssegment besitzt oberseits jeweils symmetrisch zueinander zwei dorsale und zwei dorsolaterale Sklerite sowie auf beiden Seiten zwei punktförmig kleine Sklerite. Der kleinere davon liegt vor dem dorsoventralen Sklerit, der größere noch weiter vorn und weiter innen. Seitlich befinden sich je zwei laterale Sklerite. Auf der Unterseite sitzen zehn Sklerite, zwei davon medial hintereinander angeordnet, die übrigen jeweils symmetrisch auf beiden Seiten. Auf der Oberseite befindet sich seitlich der dorsolateralen Sklerite je eine Atemöffnung, deren Größe etwa die Größe des größeren punktförmigen Sklerits besitzt.

Die Beinpaare an den drei Brustabschnitten sind eher schwach ausgebildet.

Biologie
Der Käfer bewohnt stehende oder langsam fließende, temporäre und warme Kleingewässer. Die Art ist eine Pionierart von Flachgewässern, wie sie etwa bei Überschwemmungen in Auwiesen entstehen, wird jedoch am häufigsten in Pfützen, Regentonnen, mit Wasser vollgelaufene Wagenspuren und ähnlichem gefunden. Bei einer Untersuchung in Frankreich war die Häufigkeit des Käfers negativ korreliert mit der Größe des besiedelten Tümpels. Bevorzugt werden stark eutrophe Gewässer mit viel Detritus, nicht aber moorige Gewässer. Der Käfer wird vornehmlich im Frühjahr angetroffen, im Verlauf des Sommers werden Funde zunehmend seltener.

Die Imagines sind Pflanzenfresser, sie ernähren sich von verfaulenden Pflanzenstoffen und Fadenalgen, verschmähen im Labor jedoch auch Trockenerbsen nicht. Die Larven leben im Schlamm und ernähren sich von Kleininsekten. Sie können bei der Zucht mit Tubifex-Arten gefüttert werden.

Die Art überwintert als Imago, gelegentlich als Larve. Überwinterte Imagines erscheinen im März und April und erschließen sich mit Migrationsflügen neue Lebensräume. Sie legen im April und Mai ihre Eier ab. Die Eiablage erfolgt in einen Kokon aus Seidenfäden. Dieser setzt sich aus einer Tasche und einem schmalen Fortsatz zusammen, der an die Blattspreite eines Süßgrases erinnert und der wie ein Mast oder Kamin über der Tasche steht. Die Tasche enthält ein Eipaket. Der Kokon wird in den Schlamm am Ufer gedrückt. Sollte durch Schlammablagerungen oder steigenden Wasserstand die Sauerstoffversorgung durch das Gewebe der Tasche unterbunden werden, erfolgt die Sauerstoffversorgung über den Kamin. Die Larve schlüpft bei Zimmertemperatur nach etwa einer Woche. Für die folgende Entwicklung benötigt die Art nur etwa zwei Wochen, wobei drei Larvenstadien durchlaufen werden. Zur Verpuppung bauen sich die Larven eine Puppenkammer. Frisch geschlüpfte Tiere erscheinen ab Mitte Juni und unternehmen ebenfalls Migrationsflüge. Die Gonaden sind bei frisch geschlüpften Tieren noch unterentwickelt und beginnen erst im Oktober und November sich zur Geschlechtsreife zu entwickeln. Danach erfolgt die Paarung. In England findet auch im November und Dezember eine Eiablage statt, diese erfolgt jedoch deutlich seltener als die Eiablage im Frühjahr. Im Labor wird die Geschlechtsreife erst vier bis sechs Monate nach dem Schlüpfen der Imago erreicht. Tiere, die im Winter aus der Natur ins Labor gebracht werden, beginnen unverzüglich mit der Eiablage.

Verbreitung
Das Verbreitungsgebiet zieht sich von Spanien bis nach Skandinavien, die Ostgrenze läuft durch Sardinien, Frankreich, die Schweiz, Österreich, Deutschland, Polen, die Baltischen Staaten und Finnland. Im Westen erreicht die Art Großbritannien und Irland. Außerdem kommt die Art im Atlasgebirge vor. Inzwischen wurde die Art auch aus der Türkei gemeldet. Der Käfer wurde auch in die Vereinigten Staaten und in Kanada gefunden und ist dort in Ausbreitung begriffen.

Literatur

Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica, die Käfer des Deutschen Reiches II. Band, K.G.Lutz' Verlag, Stuttgart 1909
Gustav Jäger (Hrsg.): C. G. Calwer's Käferbuch. K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3. Auflage

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Wasserkäfer
Hydrophilidae

Helophorus grandis


The Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is a South American penguin, breeding in coastal Patagonia, including Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands, with some migrating to Brazil and Uruguay, where they are occasionally seen as far north as Espirito Santo. Vagrants have been found in El Salvador, the Avian Island in Antarctica, Australia, and New Zealand. It is the most numerous of the Spheniscus banded penguins. Its nearest relatives are the African penguin, the Humboldt penguin, and the Galápagos penguins. The Magellanic penguin was named after Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who spotted the birds in 1520. The species is listed as being of Least Concern by the IUCN.

Description

Magellanic penguins are medium-sized penguins which grow to be  tall and weigh between . The males are larger than the females, and the weight of both drops while the parents raise their young.

Adults have black backs and white abdomens. There are two black bands between the head and the breast, with the lower band shaped in an inverted horseshoe. The head is black with a broad white border that runs from behind the eye, around the black ear-coverts and chin, and joins at the throat. Chicks and younger penguins have grey-blue backs, with a more faded grey-blue colour on their chest. Magellanic penguins can live up to 25 years in the wild, but as much as 30 years in captivity. Captain Eo, a male Magellanic penguin at the San Francisco Zoo, died in 2022 at the age of 40.

Young birds usually have a blotched pattern on their feet, which fades as they grow up into adulthood. By the time these birds reach about ten years of age, their feet usually become all black.

Like other species of penguins, the Magellanic penguin has very rigid wings used to swim under water.

Diet
Magellanic penguins feed in the water, preying on small pelagic fish, hagfish, cuttlefish, squid, krill, and other crustaceans, and ingest sea water with their prey. Their salt-excreting gland rids the salt from their bodies. Adult penguins can regularly dive to depths of between 20 m to 50 m deep in order to forage for prey. During the breeding season males and females have similar foraging and diving patterns as well as diet composition, however bone tissue analysis suggests that diets diverge post-season when limitations imposed by chick rearing are removed.

Magellanic penguins do not experience a severe shortage of food like the Galapagos penguins, because they have a consistent food supply being located on the Atlantic coast of South America. The presence of the large continental shelf in the Atlantic Ocean lets Magellanic penguins forage far from their breeding colony.

Jellyfish including species in the genera Chrysaora and Cyanea were found to be actively sought-out food items, while they previously had been thought to be only accidentally ingested. Similar preferences were found in the Adélie penguin, yellow-eyed penguin and little penguin.

Breeding

Magellanic penguins travel in large groups when hunting for food. In the breeding season, these birds gather in large nesting colonies at the coasts of Argentina, southern Chile, and the Falkland Islands, which have a density of 20 nests per 100 m2. The breeding season begins with the arrival of adult Magellanic penguins at the breeding colonies in September and extends into late February and March when the chicks are mature enough to leave the colonies. One of the largest of these colonies is located at Punta Tombo. Nests are built under bushes or in burrows. Two eggs are laid. Incubation lasts 39–42 days, a task which the parents share in 10- to 15-day shifts. The chicks are cared for by both parents for 29 days and are fed every two to three days. Normally, both are raised through adulthood, though occasionally only one chick is raised. A successful Magellanic is considered to be able to raise 0.7 chicks on average per breeding season.

Magellanic penguins lay eggs in warm places where the temperature remains over 20 °C.

The male and female penguins take turns hatching, as they forage far away from their nests. The males return from the sea on the day the second egg is laid to take their turn incubating The second eggs are generally larger and with higher temperature than the first egg. The first one is more likely to survive, but under some conditions both chicks may be raised successfully. Male and female Magellanic penguins overlap in the at-sea areas they use whilst foraging, and show only small difference in foraging behaviours during early chick-rearing.

Magellanic penguins mate with the same partner year after year. The male reclaims his burrow from the previous year and waits to reconnect with his female partner. The females are able to recognize their mates through their call alone.

Once the breeding season is complete, Magellanic penguins migrate north for the winter, where they feed in waters offshore from Peru and Brazil.

Conservation status

The species is classified as Least Concern and decreasing.

Threats
Magellanic penguin populations face various pressures, including exposure to reported and unreported oil spills, changes in prey availability and climate change. Natural predation occurs by sea lions, giant petrels, and leopard seals which prey on the chicks. The warrah preyed on the penguin prior to its extinction. Its major predator, however, is the puma, which can also take adults; penguins constitute the majority of prey items in puma diet in Patagonia's Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park and Monte León National Park.

Human interactions can also cause stress to penguin chicks. Newly hatched chicks that are visited by tourists show a stress response, with elevated levels of corticosterone in their blood. The elevated corticosterone is detrimental to the development of muscle strength, growth, and immune function.

Oil spills
Large breeding colonies are vulnerable to oil spills, which kill 20,000 adults and 22,000 juveniles every year off the coast of Argentina. Chronic pollution by unreported oil discharges made at sea by international shipping is a persistent problem, particularly in the Strait of Magellan.

In Chile, the species is also exposed to oil spills from shipping. Chilean oil spills impacting penguins include spills from the Napier (1973) the VLCC Metula (1974), the Jose Fuchs (2001) and the tanker Berge Nice (2004).
The species is also exposed to spills which occur in other countries as penguins follow their annual migratory paths. In 2008, at least 72 Magellanic penguins were oiled and killed near Montevideo, Uruguay after a spill from the oil tanker Syros. After the event, oiled penguins were also found in Brazil, along with others in weakened or malnourished condition, which prompted speculation about the Uruguayan oil spill's impact on prey availability.

Exposure to oil can reduce penguins' immunity and make them vulnerable to fungus, bacteria and lung problems.

Zoo representatives from around the world have adopted Magellanic penguin hatchlings and bred them in captivity, which serves to build insurance populations (though these animals are unable to participate in seasonal migration events or forage for prey, unlike wild populations).

Climate change
Climate change has displaced fish populations, causing some Magellanic penguins to swim an extra  further from their nests to catch fish. While the penguins are swimming an extra , their mates are sitting on a nest, unable to feed. A colony being tracked by University of Washington professor P. Dee Boersma, about  south of Buenos Aires, has fallen by more than 20 percent in the past 22 years, leaving 200,000 breeding pairs. Some younger penguins are now moving their breeding colonies north to be closer to fish, but, in some cases, this is putting them on private, unprotected lands. As a result of these changes, some penguins are known to have been lost or confused. At present, 12 of 17 penguin species are experiencing rapid population declines. A recent study of professor Dee Boersma showed that an increase of rainstorms caused by climate change affecting weather patterns has had a large impact in the chicks' population. The chicks haven't yet grown waterproof feathers so they are more likely to die of hypothermia when they get wet during big storms.

Increased frequency of extreme events, such as storms, drought, temperature extremes, and wildfires, associated with climate change, increases the reproductive failure in Magellanic penguins.

Mass mortalities
In 2008, over 400 penguins were found dead on Rio de Janeiro beaches. That year, 100 had also been received by the Niteroi Zoo in an oiled condition and in need of treatment.

In 2010, 550 penguins were found on Brazil's coastline. They were believed to have starved to death. In June 2012, higher numbers were recorded, with 742 Magellanic penguins discovered in a decomposed state on the shores of Brazil. The causes of death were investigated. The birds were young and "natural causes" were assumed. Prior to 2010, only roughly 10 dead penguins would be expected to be found ashore in a typical year.

In early March 2022, 115 penguins were found dead in the coast next to Toltén River, southern Chile. Besides the penguins 104 white-chinned petrel, five guanay cormorant, one Chilean dolphin and one South American sea lion were found dead.

In July 2023, more than 2000 dead penguins were washed up on the shores of Uruguay. According to Uruguayan authorities, 90% of these were juveniles without fat reserves and with empty stomachs. All carcasses tested negative for avian influenza. Other dead seabirds, sea turtles and sea lions were found on the coast of the Maldonado Department.

Conservation
The provincial government of Chubut is committed to the creation of a marine protected area in order to protect the penguins and other marine species near the largest Magellanic breeding colony. The creation of a marine protected area would likely improve the breeding success of the colonies as well as increase prey availability, reduce foraging distance, and increase feeding frequency.

References

External links

 Planetark.org, 16 February 2009
 Magellanic Penguins in Chilean Patagonia
 Video – Magellanic penguin chicks at the San Francisco Zoo
 Video – March of the Penguin Chicks at the San Francisco Zoo
 Magellanic penguins from the International Penguin Conservation website
 Penguin World: Magellanic penguin
Penguin Pedia: Magellanic Penguins
 Pinguins.info, information about all species of penguins
 A confused Magellanic penguin strays 5000km off course

Penguins
Spheniscus
Flightless birds
Birds of the Falkland Islands
Birds of Patagonia
Birds described in 1781
Articles containing video clips

Magellanic penguin


The Karelian Isthmus debitantski je studijski album finskog heavy metal sastava Amorphis. Album je 1. studenog 1992. godine objavila diskografska kuća Relapse Records.

Snimanje i objava
The Karelian Isthmus bio je snimljen u svibnju 1992. godine u studiju Sunlight Studio u Stockholmu, Švedskoj. Jukka Kolehmainen, pjevač grupe Abhorrence, pojavio se kao gostujući pjevač na bonus pjesmi "Vulgar Necrolatry", obradi Abhorrenceove pjesme.

The Karelian Isthmus su 1. studenog 1992. godine objavile diskografske kuće Relapse Records (u SAD-u), Nuclear Blast (u Europi) i Spinefarm Records (u Finskoj). Album je ponovno bio objavljen 2003. godine te se ta inačica albuma sastojala i od pjesama s EP-a Privilege of Evil.

Glazbeni stil i tekstovi
Na The Karelian Isthmusu Amorphisov se glazbeni stil odlikuje sporim death metalom sa značajnim utjecajima doom metala. Za razliku od tipične death metal instrumentacije Amorphis se na ovom albumu koristi i akustičnim prijelazima s normalnim gitarama i akustičnim gitarama od 12 žica te atmosferičnim klavijaturističkim podlogama koje je svirao bubnjar Jan Rechberger. Pjesme su često bile opisivane kao vrlo spore te da definitivno nisu bile nadahnute američkim brutalnim i brzim stilom death metala. Album se često povezuje s melodičnim death metalom, iako na albumu nisu prisutne polifonalne gitarističke melodije tipične za taj žanr. Internetski časopis Deadtide u svojoj je recenziji izjavio: "Usred vrućine američke death [metal] eksplozije, kad je svatko bio klon Morbid Angela, Obituaryja ili Suffocationa, The Karelian Isthmus  ponudio je sporiji, jednostavniji i melodičniji zvuk".

Na demouratku Disment of Soul tekstovi pjesama uglavnom su bili vezani uz tematiku smrti, kao što je i uobičajeno za žanr death metala. The Karelian Isthmus se, međutim, tekstualno odmaknuo od ovih utjecaja. Karelijska prevlaka područje je između Sankt Petersburga i Finske koji je Finska izgubila od Sovjetskog Saveza tijekom Zimskog rata koji je trajao od 1939. do 1940. godine. Album je više povezan s keltskom poviješću nego s finskom, ali nema sofisticirani koncept kao kasniji albumi skupine.

Popis pjesama

Recenzije
Jason Anderson, glazbeni kritičar sa stranice AllMusic, dodijelio je albumu četiri zvjezdice od pet te je izjavio: "Ono što je najimpresivnije jest visoki dinamički standard koji je grupa ostvarila tako rano u svojoj karijeri snimanja. Razlog tome uglavnom su žestoki i vrlo originalni rifovi. "Black Embrace" i "The Lost Name of God" sadrže neke od najučinkovitijih i čak iznenađujuće jednostavnih gitarističkih dionica koje bi se mogle zamisliti. Ove bi skladbe i izvedbe same po sebi bile dovoljne da bi se dozvolila jaka preporuka, ali The Karelian Isthmus puno je više od nekolicine lijepih gitarističkih fraza. Hrapavi vokali i čvrsta bubnjarska izvedba također zarađuju Amorphisu visoke death metal/grindcore ocjene. Nužno potreban album obožavateljima ranog, melodičnog death metal doba ovog sastava, The Karelian Isthmus nalazi se među Amorphisovim najboljim izdanjima."

Osoblje

Amorphis
Tomi Koivusaari – vokali, električna gitara, akustična gitara
Esa Holopainen – električna gitara, akustična gitara s 12 žica
Olli-Pekka Laine – bas-gitara
Jan Rechberger – bubnjevi, klavijature

Ostalo osoblje
Miran Kim – naslovnica
Tomas Skogsberg – produkcija, inženjer zvuka
William J. Yurkiewicz Jr. – izvršna produkcija
Matthew F. Jacobson – izvršna produkcija
Dave Shirk – mastering

Izvori

Albumi iz 1992.
Albumi sastava Amorphis

The Karelian Isthmus


ඔරෙගන් () යනු ඇමෙරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදයේ ප්‍රාන්තයකි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ආශ්‍රිත
 ඔරෙගන් සළාව

ඔරෙගන්


Beschendorf  er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Lensahn under Kreis Østholsten. Kreis Østholsten ligger i den østlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Beschendorf ligger omkring 5 km syd for Lensahn, men kommunen grænser tæt op mod byen tæt nær motorvejsafkørsel-Lensahn på Bundesautobahn 1. Fugleflugtslinjen går gennem kommunen, og 7-8 km mod mod øst ligger Lübeck Bugt.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Byens side   på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Østholsten

Beschendorf


John Russell RA (29 March 1745 – 20 April 1806) was an English painter renowned for his portrait work in oils and pastels, and as a writer and teacher of painting techniques.

Life and work
Russell was born in Guildford, Surrey, the son of John Russell Snr., book and print seller and four times mayor of the town; his father was something of an artist, and drew and published two views of Guildford. Russell was educated at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, and soon showed a strong inclination for art. He trained under Francis Cotes RA (of Cavendish Square, London), one of the pioneers of English pastel painting, and, like Cotes, was an admirer of the pastel drawings of Rosalba Carriera whose methods influenced his technique of "sweetening". At the age of 19 he converted to Methodism, which was the cause of tension with his family and with his teacher; he made no secret of his strong evangelical leanings and would attempt to preach and convert at every opportunity.

Russell set up his own studio, in London, in 1767. He made the acquaintance of the notorious Dr. William Dodd, whose portrait he painted in 1768. He was introduced to Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, who unsuccessfully attempted to persuade him to give up painting and attend her Methodist ministers' training college at Trevecca in Wales. On 5 February 1770, he married Hannah Faden, daughter of a Charing Cross print and map seller, whom he had converted. They lived at No. 7 Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square, where he had moved in 1770.

Russell's work caused him to travel extensively around Britain. In 1772, he wrote Elements of Painting with Crayons, by which time he had won premiums for his drawings from the Society of Arts in 1759 and 1760, and entered the Royal Academy school of art in 1770, winning its gold medal for figure drawing the same year. He exhibited at the Society of Artists of Great Britain in 1768 and showed 330 works at the Academy between 1769 until and his death.

In 1770, Russell painted Methodist minister, George Whitefield (engraved by James Watson) and the future philanthropist, William Wilberforce, then only eleven years old. In 1771, he exhibited a portrait in oils of Charles Wesley at the Royal Academy and, in 1772, painted Selina, Countess of Huntingdon in pastel. This was a symbolic picture, and was lost on its voyage out; but it was engraved, and he later also painted her in oils. Also in that year he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy. The following year, 1773, he painted John Wesley (engraved by Bland).

In 1788, after a long wait, Russell was elected a royal academician, in the same year painting a portrait of the naturalist Sir Joseph Banks. In 1789, he was commissioned to portray the royal physician Francis Willis. The results obviously pleased the monarch as, in 1790, he was appointed Crayon (pastel) Painter to King George III, Queen Charlotte, the Prince of Wales (both of whom Russell also painted) and the Duke of York. With such royal patronage, he developed a large and fashionable clientele.

Russell was a man of deep religious beliefs, a devout follower of George Whitefield. He began an elaborate introspective diary in John Byrom's shorthand in 1766 and continued it to the time of his death. In it, he recorded his own mental condition and religious exercises, and occasionally information concerning his sitters. Though his religion appears to have become less militant after his marriage, his diary bears witness to his anxiety with regard to his spiritual welfare. Not only would he not work on Sunday, but he would allow no one to enter his painting-room. He was afraid to go out to dinner on account of the loose and blasphemous conversation which he might hear. He was on good terms with Sir Joshua Reynolds, with whom he dined at the academy, the Dilettanti Society, and the Literary Club (now The Club), but he records that on these or other festive occasions he always left early.

He was troubled by ill-health for much of his life, and in 1803 became almost deaf following a bout of cholera. He died in Hull in 1806 after contracting typhus.

Russell's work can be viewed at many galleries in the UK and around the world, but the largest collection is held by Guildford House Art Gallery in Guildford.  Many of his portraits were engraved by, amongst others, Joseph Collyer, Charles Turner, James Heath, Dean, Bartolozzi and Trotter.

Astronomy
Russell was interested in astronomy and made, with the assistance of his daughter, a lunar map, which he engraved on two plates which formed a globe showing the visible surface of the Moon – it took twenty years to finish. He also invented an apparatus for exhibiting the phenomena of the Moon, which he called "Selenographia". Russell's large and highly detailed pastel drawing of The Face of the Moon (1793–1797) is "the most faithful early representation of the lunar sphere". Some of his best portraits were of the era's acclaimed scientists, such as his friend William Herschel, who he depicted holding a stellar chart showing his discovery of Uranus. It was Herschel who provided the powerful telescope that Russell used for his painstaking lunar observations.

Family
Of his twelve children (of which four died in infancy), William Russell (1780–1870), exhibited portraits at the Royal Academy from 1805 to 1809. The National Portrait Gallery contains a portrait of Judge Sir John Bailey by him. He was ordained in 1809, and gave up painting. He was forty years rector of Shepperton, Middlesex, and died on 14 September 1870. Two of John's daughters, Anne
and Jane, became artists as well.

References

Russell, John in Neil Jeffares, Dictionary of pastellists before 1800, online edition
 John Russell III (at ehcross.com)

Further reading

George Charles Williamson, John Russell (London, G. Bell, 1894).

External links

John Russell online (Artcyclopedia)
Portrait of a Boy with Toy Gun (Hargrave Fine Art)
John Russell Works in the Guildford Heritage Services Collection (Guildford Borough Council)

18th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century English painters
English portrait painters
Royal Academicians
People educated at Royal Grammar School, Guildford
Artists from Guildford
1745 births
1806 deaths
Selenographers
Deaths from typhus
Infectious disease deaths in England
Pastel artists
19th-century English male artists
18th-century English male artists

John Russell (English painter)


بلدية القُلَيعة أو (نقحرة: ألكوليتشا) (بالإسبانية: Alcolecha) هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة لقنت التابعة لمنطقة بلنسية شرق إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان بلدية القُلَيعة 193 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني الإسباني للإحصاء).

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية القُلَيعة

أماكن ذات اسم عربي الأصل في شبه الجزيرة الإيبيرية
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة لقنت
بلديات لقنت
بلديات مقاطعة بلنسية

ألكوليتشا


Hassan El-Kachradi (17. svibnja 1997.) je marokanski rukometaš. Nastupa za marokanski klub Mountada El Fida i marokansku reprezentaciju.

Natjecao se na Svjetskom prvenstvu u Egiptu 2021., gdje je reprezentacija Maroka završila na 29. mjestu.

Izvori

Marokanski rukometaši

Said El-Makki


Mošćanica je naseljeno mjesto u gradu Zenici, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Povijest

U razvijenom srednjem vijeku po važnosti je bila nadrasla nekadašnje ranosrednjovjekovno biskupijsko središte Zenicu (Bistuenska biskupija) i sjedište bosanske župe Broda. Preko tri stoljeća, od 15. do 18. u Mošćanici je bilo više stanovnika i stambenih objekata od Zenice, a veliki je broj groblja. Od svih je najstarije Tatarevo (Tatarsko) groblje, o kojem nema pisanih vrela ali su sačuvane usmene predaje. Vjerojatno je nastalo u prvim fazama islamizacije stanovnika ovog kraja te je bilo mjestom pokopa narednih trista godina. Zanimljivost je što je izvorno Mošćanica naziv za područje, a ne naselje.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 826

 Muslimani - 784 (94,92%)
 Srbi - 39 (4,72%)
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 3 (0,36%)

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 614

 Bošnjaci - 613 (99,84%)
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 1 (0,16%)

Gospodarstvo

U blizini je površinski kop rudnika mrkog ugljena u vlasništvu Rudnika mrkog ugljena Zenica. Od 1960. godina istraživalo se teren radi eksploatiranja ugljena. Istraživanja su trajala su 30 godina. Većina je obavljena od 1980. do 1990. godine. U 14 godina eksploatiran je 1,44 milijuna tona ugljena te 13,71 milijun otkrivke. Strojevi su prestali raditi početkom velikosrpske agresije. Od tad nije bilo pomaka. U ratu je oprema i mehanizacija devastirana. Ni poslijeratno stanje nije bilo bolje. Ugljen je teže nalazio tržište zbog nešto lošijih kvalitativnih svojstava. U suvremenoj proizvodnji znatno se smanjio granični ekonomski koeficijent pa se od 1999. nije kontinuirano vadilo ugljen na Mošćanici. U dosadašnjoj eksploataciji su se otkopavali 2. i 3. podinski sloj ugljena. Bilančne pričuve glavnog paketa iznose 79.109.169 tona, izvanbilančne 7.881.879 tona, dok potencijalne pričuve iznose 85.981.923 tona mrkog ugljena. 2016. godine pokrenuta je procedura izbora projektne kuće za izradu Glavnog rudarskog projekta eksploatacije mrkog ugljena na površinskom kopu 'Mošćanica'. Reaktiviranjem proizvodnje osigurala bi se pouzdana opskrba ugljenom termoelektrane u Kaknju. Čeka se odobrenje nadležnih za za pokretanje proizvodnje i zapošljavanje novih radnika. U međuvremenu se na mjestu kopanja formiralo umjetno jezero Mošćanica koje ljeti privlači kupače.

Izvori

Naselja u Zeničko-dobojskoj županiji
Zenica

Mošćanica (Zenica, BiH)


Montague George "Monty" Westmore (* 12. Juni 1923 in Los Angeles, Kalifornien; † 13. November 2007 in Woodland Hills, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Maskenbildner.

Leben
Westmore wuchs in einer traditionsreichen Maskenbildnerfamilie auf. Schon sein Vater Monte Westmore und sein Großvater George Westmore waren in diesem Beruf tätig gewesen, den auch sein Bruder Michael Westmore ergriff. Er begann seine Karriere 1943 als Lehrling bei seinem Onkel Perc Westmore, der bei Warner Brothers tätig war. Danach arbeitete er sieben Jahre bei den Universal Studios. Zu Beginn arbeitete er ohne Namensnennung im Abspann unter anderem an Der Schatz der Sierra Madre und Im Zeichen des Bösen. Später wurde er persönlicher Maskenbildner von Joan Crawford und Paul Newman.

Neben seiner Filmarbeit war er auch für das Fernsehen tätig; so war er zwischen 1952 und 1966 für die Sitcom The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet mit Ozzie Nelson und Harriet Hilliard tätig. 1983 wurde er für die Fernsehproduktion Was wird nur aus den Kindern? mit Ann-Margret in der Hauptrolle für den Emmy nominiert. 1991 erhielt er eine Oscar-Nominierung für seine Mitarbeit an Steven Spielbergs Hook. Seine letzte Filmarbeit war Der Grinch im Jahr 2000.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1948: Der Schatz der Sierra Madre (The Treasure of the Sierra Madre)
 1950: The Daughter of Rosie O'Grady
 1951: Die Diebe von Marschan (The Prince Who Was a Thief)
 1958: Im Zeichen des Bösen (Touch of Evil)
 1960: Land der tausend Abenteuer (North to Alaska)
 1962: Was geschah wirklich mit Baby Jane? (What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?)
 1964: Die Zwangsjacke (Strait-Jacket)
 1970: Rio Lobo
 1970: Sie möchten Giganten sein (Sometimes a Great Notion)
 1974: Flammendes Inferno (The Towering Inferno)
 1982: The Verdict – Die Wahrheit und nichts als die Wahrheit (The Verdict)
 1983: Was wird nur aus den Kindern? (Who Will Love My Children?)
 1984: Die Frau in Rot (The Woman in Red)
 1986: Stand by Me – Das Geheimnis eines Sommers (Stand by Me)
 1986: Die Farbe des Geldes (The Color of Money)
 1988: Das Todesspiel (The Dead Pool)
 1989: Black Rain
 1989: Die Glücksjäger (See No Evil, Hear No Evil)
 1991: Hook
 1993: Jurassic Park
 1994: Die Verurteilten (The Shawshank Redemption)
 1994: Hudsucker – Der große Sprung (The Hudsucker Proxy)
 1994: Nobody's Fool – Auf Dauer unwiderstehlich (Nobody's Fool)
 1995: Outbreak – Lautlose Killer (Outbreak)
 1995: Sieben (Se7en)
 1996: Star Trek: Der erste Kontakt (Star Trek: First Contact)
 1998: Star Trek: Der Aufstand (Star Trek: Insurrection)
 1999: Message in a Bottle – Der Beginn einer großen Liebe (Message in a Bottle)
 2000: Der Grinch (How the Grinch Stole Christmas)

Nominierungen
 1983: Emmy-Nominierung für Who Will Love My Children?
 1992: Oscar-Nominierung für Hook
 1996: Emmy-Nominierung für Die Jay Leno-Story

Weblinks

 Nachruf bei Variety (englisch)
 Nachruf der Los Angeles Times (englisch)

Maskenbildner
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1923
Gestorben 2007
Mann

Monty Westmore


Magareće zelje (ilirski kravačac, veliki badelj, ilirska bodljača, lat. Onopordum illyricum), dvogodišnja biljna vrsta iz porodice glavočika raširena u jugozapadnoj Europi. Jedna od rijetkih vrsta ovog roda koja raste i u Hrvatskoj. Nalik je običnom kravačcu ili magarećem trnu, a raste u Hrvatskom primorju.

Biljka je bodljikava, a jestiv je korijen i mladi listovi. Izraste do dva metra visine.

U Australiju i Kaliforniju je uvezena

Izvori

Kravačac

Magareće zelje


An Nephelaphyllum gracile in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Nephelaphyllum gracile in nahilalakip ha genus nga Nephelaphyllum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Nephelaphyllum

Nephelaphyllum gracile


Santa Bárbara veya Santa Barbara (İspanyolca- ve Portekizce- Azîze Barbara isminden gelmekte olup şu anlamlara gelmektedir:

ABD

Kaliforniya
 Santa Barbara County, Kaliforniya
 Santa Barbara Channel
 Santa Barbara, Kaliforniya
 Mission Santa Barbara
 Presidio of Santa Barbara
 Santa Barbara Airport
 Santa Barbara City College
 Santa Barbara Civic Light Opera
 Santa Barbara International Film Festival
 Santa Barbara Lighthouse
 Santa Barbara Museum of Art
 Santa Barbara Symphony Orchestra
 Santa Barbara Zoo
 University of California, Santa Barbara, bkn. Kaliforniya Üniversitesi
 Santa Barbara Adası (en)

 Santa Barbara (TV dizisi), 1980'lerde oynamış bir pembe dizi

Avustralya
 Santa Barbara, Queensland

Brezilya
 Santa Bárbara, Bahia
 Santa Bárbara, Goiás
 Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais
 Santa Bárbara, Pará
 Santa Bárbara d'Oeste

Dominik Cumhuriyeti
 Santa Bárbara de Samaná

Filipinler
 Santa Barbara, Iloilo, bir belediye
 Santa Barbara, Pangasinan, belediye
 Santa Barbara, Bulusan, Sorsogon, a barangay

Guatemala
 Santa Bárbara, Huehuetenango
 Santa Bárbara, Suchitepéquez

Honduras
 Santa Bárbara, Honduras (Santa Bárbara department)
 Santa Bárbara Department
 Santa Bárbara National Park

İspanya
 Santa Bàrbara, Montsià
 Santa Bàrbara, Tarragona
 Santa Bàrbara, a military industries company

İtalya
 Santa Barbara, Campania

Kolombiya
 Santa Bárbara, Antioquia (Antioquia Department)
 Santa Bárbara, Nariño
 Santa Bárbara de Pinto

Kosta Rika
 Santa Bárbara, Kosta Rika (Heredia Province)
 Santa Bárbara Canton, Kosta Rika

Meksiko
 Santa Bárbara, Chihuahua
 Santa Bárbara, Durango
 Santa Bárbara, Guanajuato
 Santa Bárbara, Jalisco
 Santa Bárbara, Meksika
 Santa Bárbara, Michoacán
 Santa Bárbara, Querétaro
 Santa Bárbara, Tamaulipas
 Santa Bárbara, Tlaxcala

Portekiz
 Serra de Santa Barbara is a mountain range in Terceita in the Azores. Its elevation is 1,022 m.
 Santa Bárbara ya da diğer adıyla Manadas, Azor Özerk Bölgesi'nde Velas belediyesine bağlı bir bucak
 Santa Bárbara, Lourinhã belediyesine bağlı bir bucak
 Santa Bárbara, Ponta Delgada belediyesine bağlı bir bucak
 Santa Bárbara, Azor Özerk Bölgesi'nde Ribeira Grande belediyesine bağlı bir bucak
 Santa Bárbara, Vila do Porto belediyesine bağlı bir bucak
 Santa Bárbara de Padrões, Castro Verde belediyesine bağlı bir bucak

Şili
 Santa Bárbara, Chile

Venezuela
 Santa Bárbara, Barinas
 Santa Bárbara, Monagas
 Santa Bárbara, Zulia

Yeşil Burun Adaları
 Santa Bárbara, Yeşil Burun Adaları, Brava(en)'daki bir köy

Santa Barbara


Filtar zraka ili zračni filtar je filtar koji zadržava grube nečistoće iz zraka, a koristi se za čišćenje zraka koji sadrži manje od 10 g/m³ praha. Filtri za čišćenje zraka (od prašine, dima i slično) najčešće se ugrađuju u sustave za grijanje, ventilaciju i klimatizaciju, ali i u motorna vozila.

Filtar zraka u pneumatici

Prije ulaska u pneumatske uređaje potrebno je eliminirati nečistoće (vodu kao kapljevinu i paru, kompresorsko ulje, prašinu, produkte korozije). Kompresorsko ulje izloženo je relativno visokim temperaturama u kompresoru (oksidacija) i nije pogodno za podmazivanje pneumatskih uređaja.

Grubi filtar zraka se ugrađuje na ulazu u kompresor, a fini na njegovom izlaznom dijelu. Ulazni (grubi) filtar je napravljen da ima najmanje (minimalne) otpore strujanja, kako bi se osiguralo dobro usisavanje u kompresor.

Fini filtar je uređaj kod kojega se za čišćenje stlačenog zraka koristi više učinaka (efekata). Zrak se usmjerava tangencijalno na stijenke sabirne posude. Zbog centrifugalne sile veće se čestice nečistoće, kao i kondenzat, slivaju niz stijenku posude. Krilca na ulazu stvaraju vrtlog zraka (ciklonsko odvajanje). Koristeći se promjenom smjera strujanja zbog inercijskih sila (tromost), veće čestice i kondenzat padaju na zvonasti štitnik, a odatle na donji dio sabirne posude. Pomoću uloška filtra odvajaju se najsitnije čestice koje su i dalje u struji zraka. Uložak filtra je izrađen od sintetizirane bronce ili mjedi (ponekad od porozne keramike ili filca - pusta) i ima oblik zvona ili krnje piramide. Tijelo filtra je od aluminijske legure ili bronce, a slivna posuda (čašica) od polikarbonata (providna je), tako da se može kontrolirati sadržaj nečistoća.

Razdvajanje čvrstih od plinovitih tvari
Filtri za plinove mehanički su uređaji koji plinove čiste propuštanjem kroz porozno filtarsko sredstvo  (tkanina, pust, žičano pletivo, porozan papir). Ono zadržava čvrste čestice veće od otvora ili pora, ali i mnogo manje, jer vlakna i niti djeluju slično deflektoru u inercijskim otprašivačima (ciklonsko odvajanje). Razlikuju se filtri za čišćenje industrijskih plinova (obično sadrže i više od 50 g/m³ praha koji potječe od mehaničkih ili kemijskih operacija i koji često treba hvatati radi daljnje preradbe) i za čišćenje zraka (sadrže manje od 10 g/m³ praha, koji gotovo nikada ne treba hvatati). Filtri za industrijske plinove grade se u obliku vreća, cijevi ili komora od uokvirenih ploča, a koriste se u proizvodnji čađe, cementa i kemijskih proizvoda, u željezarama, talionicama, ljevaonicama, mlinovima, u rudarstvu i drugo, dok se filtri za čišćenje zraka (od prašine, dima i slično) najčešće ugrađuju u sustave za grijanje, ventilaciju i klimatizaciju.

Izvori

Pneumatika
Dijelovi vozila
Energetika

Filtar zraka


වාස්තවික විද්‍යාවේ අඩංගු වන්නේ අහඹු ලෙස ද්‍රව්‍ය සොයා ගැනීම හා ඒවායින් ප්‍රයෝජන ලබා ගන්නා ආකාරය පමණක්ම නොවේ. එමගින් අදාල ද්‍රව්‍යයේ මූලධර්ම නිවැරදිව වටහා ගැනීම හා නව සොයාගැනීම් සිදු කිරීමටත් අනුබල දෙයි.

වාස්තවික විද්‍යාවට මූලික වනුයේ අදාල ද්‍රව්‍යයේ ලක්ෂණ හා සාපේක්ෂ ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වය, එම ද්‍රව්‍යයේ පරමාණුක ව්‍යුහ හා පවතින අවස්ථා අනුව විස්තර කිරීමයි. ද්‍රව්‍යයක ව්‍යුහය හා එහි ලක්ෂණ තීරණය වන ප්‍රධාන සාධක වනුයේ එහි අඩංගු වන රසායනික මූලද්‍රව්‍ය හා එහි අවසාන ආකෘතිය දක්වා සකස් කළ ක්‍රමයයි. ඉහත සඳහන් කරුණු තාප ගතියේ නියමයන් අනුව සම්බන්ද අදාල ද්‍රව්‍යයේ ක්ෂුද්‍ර ආකෘතිය පාලනය කරයි.

වාස්තවික විද්‍යාවේ පැරණි පිරුලක් මෙසේ පවසයි. "ද්‍රව්‍ය මිනිසුන් වැනිය, එම දෝෂය ඔවුන් වෙත අපව ආකර්ෂණය කරවයි" සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම දෝෂ රහිත ද්‍රව්‍ය ස්ඵටිකයක් සෑදීම භෞතිකව විය නොහැක්කකි. එම නිස‍ා අවශ්‍ය ලක්ෂණ ලබා ගැනීමට වාස්තවික විද්‍යාඥයින් ස්ඵටිකරූපී ද්‍රව්‍යවල දෝෂ හසුරුවයි. (උදා - අවක්ෂේප, අංශු මාත්‍ර සීමාව (හෝල් - පැච් සම්බන්ධය) , විවර සහිත පරමාණු, ආදේශක පරමාණු)

සෑම ද්‍රව්‍යයක් සඳහාම නිශ්චිත ස්ඵටික ආකෘතියක් නොපවතී. බහු අවයවක පොලිමර් ස්ඵටිකරූපී සංයෝගවල නොයෙකුත් දිශානති දැක්වුව ද, ඒවා බොහෝමයක් අස්ඵටික රූපී වේ. වීදුරු සෙරමික් හා තවත් බොහෝ ස්වාභාවික ද්‍රව්‍යය නිශ්චිත  හැඩයක් නොමැති ඒවාය. එම ද්‍රව්‍යයන්හි ක්‍රමවත් දිගුදාම සැකැස්මක් නොපවතී. පොලිමර පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යයනය රසායන විද්‍යාවේ හා තාපගතික සංඛානයේ මුලික කරුණු එකතු කොට භෞතික ලක්ෂණ තාපගතික හා යාන්ත්‍රික විද්‍යාවට අනුව විස්තර කරයි.

කාර්මිකරණය පිළිබඳ ඇති උනන්දුව හැර , වාස්තවික විද්‍යාව සංක්ෂිප්ත ගැටළු/ ස්ඵටික පිළිබඳ නියම විසඳන ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් බවට පත්ව තිබේ. නව භෞතික විද්‍යාවක් බිහි වන්නේ මෙලෙස වෙනස් වන ද්‍රව්‍ය ලක්ෂණ පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි කිරීමක් සිදු කිරීමට අවශ්‍ය බැවිනි.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_Science#Fundamentals_of_materials_science

වාස්තවික විද්‍යාවේ මූලධර්ම


RTS Info ist die Bezeichnung, unter welcher der Rundfunk der französischsprachigen Schweiz Radio Télévision Suisse seit dem 29. Februar 2012 die aktuelle Berichterstattung betreibt. Unter diesem Namen werden die Nachrichtensendungen im Radio und Fernsehen, auf der Website sowie einer Mobile App für Smartphones bereitgestellt. Ausserdem läuft unter RTS Info ein Livestream.
 RTS Info hat weder im Fernsehen noch im Radio einen eigenen Kanal, dies im Gegensatz zu SRF info und Radio SRF 4 News.

Geschichte
Das Vorgängerprogramm TSR info war seit dem 26. Dezember 2006 als ein reines Nachrichtenprogramm von Télévision Suisse Romande auf Sendung. RTS Info übernahm dessen Konzept und trat seit dem 29. Februar 2012 an seine Stelle, als die Fernseh- und Radioprogramme des Rundfunks der französischsprachigen Schweiz neu geordnet wurden.

Fernsehprogramm
RTS Info produziert zwei Hauptnachrichtensendungen, die um 12.45 Uhr und um 19.30 Uhr ausgestrahlt werden. Daneben gibt es lokale Nachrichten (Couleurs locales).

Video-Livestream
RTS Info ist zusätzlich rund um die Uhr über einen Video-Livestream im Internet auf der gleichnamigen Website zu empfangen, im Gegensatz zu RTS Un und RTS Deux auch ausserhalb der Schweiz. Es wird zeitweise vom Fernsehprogramm RTS Deux übernommen; in dieser Zeit ist es auch terrestrisch, über Kabelfernsehen sowie per Satellit zu sehen. Ausserdem ist RTS Info über HbbTV auf den Kanälen RTS 1 und RTS 2 empfangbar.

Das Programm besteht im Wesentlichen in einer kontinuierlichen Berichterstattung, die live produziert wird (Journal en continu). Darin wechseln sich Moderation, Reportagen und Interviews ab. In der übrigen Zeit werden Ausschnitte aus den Nachrichtensendungen des vergangenen Tages wiederholt. Die aktuelle Berichterstattung wird durch Texte der Redaktion sowie durch Fotos ergänzt.

Radio
Auch die Nachrichtensendungen in den vier Radioprogrammen von RTS werden unter dem Namen RTS Info präsentiert, darunter die ausführlichen Programme Journal du matin, le 12h30 und Forum, die in RTS La Première gesendet werden, sowie die stündlichen Kurznachrichten (Journal horaire).

Website und Mobile App
Auf der Website RTS Info sind neben dem gleichnamigen Fernsehprogramm im Livestream ausgewählte Beiträge aus dem Fernseh- und Hörfunkprogramm on demand abrufbar. Die Inhalte können auch über eine Mobile App genutzt werden. Einzelne Sendungen werden als Video- und Audio-Podcast angeboten. Die Website führt alle diese Angebote in der Form eines Onlinemagazins zusammen und dient daher als eine zentrale Informationsplattform von Radio Télévision Suisse.

Weblinks
 RTS INFO – Website
 RTS INFO - Livestream

Einzelnachweise

Fernsehsender (Schweiz)
Hörfunk (Schweiz)
Onlinemagazin
Nachrichtensender (Fernsehen)
Nachrichtensendung
Französischsprachiges Medium
Französischsprachiger Fernsehsender
Romandie

RTS Info


Antonio Domenico Gamberini (Imola, 31 de outubro de 1760 - Roma, 25 de abril de 1841) foi um cardeal e bispo católico italiano.

Biografia
Nasceu em Imola em 31 de outubro de 1760, filho de Giovanni Agostino Gamberini, advogado e governador de Fontana, conde criado, e de sua esposa Margherita Zappi.

Sua formação ocorreu primeiro em Imola, onde recebeu de seu pai os primeiros rudimentos de direito; foi então enviado para a Pontifícia Academia dos Nobres Eclesiásticos de Roma, que frequentou de 1782 a 1791. Recebeu o grau in utroque iure do Colégio dos Protonotários de Roma em 21 de março de 1784. Exerceu como assistente de estudos de Nicola Acciaiuoli, auditor da Sacra Romana Rota para Ferrara.

Durante a ocupação francesa de Roma (1798-99 e 1809-14) residiu na Romagna. Em 1798 assumiu a profissão de advogado em Imola, que exerceu até a restauração do legítimo governo papal. Em 1814 tornou-se conselheiro de Forlì. Ingressou na Cúria Romana com a nomeação de Sua Santidade como prelado doméstico em 5 de maio de 1818 e dois dias depois foi nomeado referendo da Assinatura Apostólica. Em 19 de novembro do mesmo ano foi nomeado auditor da Sacra Romana Rota de Ferrara, tomando posse em 8 de julho do ano seguinte. Em 28 de março de 1822 tornou-se relator da Sagrada Congregação para a imunidade eclesiástica. Em 10 de março de 1823 foi nomeado secretário da Sagrada Congregação do Concílio de Trento e da residência dos bispos; mas para esses cargos ele teve que renunciar ao cargo de auditor da Rota. Foi examinador de bispos em direito canônico desde 7 de novembro de 1823. O papa Leão XII também o nomeou cônego do Vaticano.

Em 28 de fevereiro de 1824, quando já tinha 64 anos, recebeu a ordenação sacerdotal. Menos de dois anos depois, em 19 de dezembro de 1825, foi nomeado bispo de Orvieto e consagrado em 15 de janeiro do ano seguinte pelo cardeal Pietro Francesco Galleffi, bispo de Albano e camareiro de Santa Romana Chiesa, co-consagradores Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani , patriarca titular de Constantinopla e vice-gerente de Roma e Filippo Filonardi, arcebispo titular de Atenas e esmola pontifício.

Sua rápida ascensão foi coroada no consistório de 15 de dezembro de 1828, realizado apenas para ele, no qual o papa Leão XII o fez cardeal; recebeu o chapéu em 28 de dezembro do mesmo ano e o título de Santa Prassede em 21 de maio do ano seguinte. Participou do conclave de 1829, no qual foi eleito o Papa Pio VIII e do conclave de 1830-1831, no qual foi eleito o Papa Gregório XVI. Após a divisão da Secretaria de Estado em duas secções, a 20 de Fevereiro de 1833, Gregório XVI nomeou-o Secretário de Estado da Administração Interna e, pouco depois, Prefeito da Sagrada Consulta, da Congregação Lauretana e da Congregação da Saúde. Em 13 de abril de 1833 renunciou à sua diocese.

Em 18 de fevereiro de 1839 optou pela ordem dos cardeais bispos e tornou-se bispo de Sabina, mantendo o título de Santa Prassede em comenda. Por motivos de saúde, na casa dos oitenta anos, renunciou aos cargos na Secretaria de Estado, mas em 22 de dezembro de 1840 foi nomeado prefeito da Assinatura Apostólica. Por mais de sete anos ele desempenhou um papel central na administração do Estado Pontifício..

Ele morreu em 25 de abril de 1841 em Roma, aos 80 anos. O corpo foi exposto na igreja de San Marcello e depois foi sepultado na de Santa Prassede.

Ligações externas
 Antonio Domenico Gamberini
 catholic-hierarchy.org

Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Leão XII

Antonio Domenico Gamberini


La Operación de las Naciones Unidas para el Restablecimiento de la Confianza (también conocida como ONURC o UNCRO por sus siglas en castellano e inglés respectivamente) fue una misión multinacional de mantenimiento de la paz desplegada en Croacia entre marzo 1995 y enero de 1996. La misión fue creada con la aprobación de la resolución 981 del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas del 31 de marzo de 1995.

La UNCRO reemplazó a la Fuerza de Protección de las Naciones Unidas en territorio croata. Los objetivos establecidos por el mandato inicial incluyeron: desempeñar las funciones establecidas por los acuerdos de alto el fuego del 29 de marzo de 1994; cooperar en la aplicación del acuerdo económico; ayudar en la aplicación de las resoluciones del Consejo de Seguridad; la supervisión del cruce de personal, armas y equipamientos en las fronteras de Croacia con Bosnia y Herzegovina y Yugoslavia; ayudar a prestar ayuda humanitaria a Bosnia y Herzegovina a través de territorio croata; y supervisar la desmilitarización de la península de Prevlaka.

El Consejo de Seguridad consideró que era necesaria la creación de la ONURC para ayudar a crear la situación política idónea que condujera a la integración territorial de Croacia en el contexto regional después de su Guerra de Independencia.

La sede de la ONURC se estableció en Zagreb. El contingente de la misión a fecha noviembre de 1995 era de 6581 soldados, 194 observadores militares y 296 policías; complementados por personal civil de las Naciones Unidas de origen local e internacional. Las fuerzas militares estuvieron desplegadas en Eslavonia Occidental (bajo control serbio), Krajina y en Eslavonia Oriental. Hubo además observadores militares desplegados en la península de Prevlaka que fueron posteriormente reemplazados por efectivos de la Misión de Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en Prevlaka. En los meses que duró la operación hubo 16 bajas militares.

Referencias

Misiones de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas
Relaciones internacionales de Croacia


Stonewall-uppþotin, The Stonewall Riots, í New York sumarið 1969 eru talin marka opinbert upphaf frelsis- og réttindabaráttu hinsegin fólks á Vesturlöndum. Venjubundin innrás lögreglu á gay-krána Stonewall Inn, aðfaranótt 28. júní, endaði í mörg þúsund manna átökum þar sem hinsegin samfélagið í Greenwich Village barðist við lögreglu dögum saman. Uppþotanna er minnst árlega um allan heim með Pride-göngum; gleðigöngum.

Í framhaldi af Stonewall-helginni spruttu upp ný bandarísk baráttusamtök fyrir hinsegin réttindum, Gay Liberation Front, og beittu þau mun kröftugri aðferðum í réttindabaráttunni heldur en eldri félögin, Mattachine Society og Daughters of Bilitis. Hinsegin fólk bættist í ört stækkandi hóp baráttufólks fyrir mannréttindum s.s. kvenna og blökkumanna í þeim kraumandi suðupotti menningarstríða sem Bandaríkin voru á sjöunda og áttunda áratug 20. aldar, þar sem gagnmenning (counter-culture) og nýja vinstrihreyfingin (The New Left) voru helstu drifkraftarnir gegn íhaldssömu og einsleitu samfélagi eftirstríðsáranna. Sumir af helstu hugsuðum nýju vinstrihreyfingarinnar voru einmitt samkynhneigðir þ.á.m. James Baldwin, Paul Goodman og Allen Ginsberg en skáldið Ginsberg var einn af þeim sem voru á Kristófersstræti hina afdrifaríku helgi í júní 1969.

Allar götur síðan hefur 27. júní haft mikla þýðingu í augum hinsegin samfélagsins. Þá fengu hinir jaðarsettustu af þeim jaðarsettu loksins uppreisn æru og svöruðu fyrir sig, fullsaddir af endalausu áreiti lögreglunnar en í hugum þeirra var lögreglan "táknmynd fyrir allt stofnanabundið vald sem hafði haldið þeim niðri og ætlast til þess að þau lifðu lífi sínu í felum og í skömm."

Sagan
Atburðarásin hófst föstudaginn 27. júní 1969 með jarðarför bandarísku leikkonunnar Judy Garland. Hún hafði verið átrúnaðargoð og eftirlæti homma um allan heim áratugum saman, síðan hún snart hjörtu þeirra með söngnum um landið handan regnbogans, Over the Rainbow, í hlutverki Dorothy litlu í kvikmyndinni um Galdrakarlinn í Oz, árið 1939, en lagið varð tákn um sameiginlegan draum hinsegin fólks um betri heim; land vonarinnar þar sem draumarnir myndu rætast.

Fjöldi samkynhneigðra og trans fólks var samankominn á Manhattan þetta föstudagskvöld til að minnast Judy Garland, þar á meðal á kránni Stonewall Inn við Christopher street í Greenwich Village.

Þorvaldur Kristinsson, fyrrverandi formaður Samtakanna '78 og fyrsti forseti Hinsegin daga á Íslandi, skrifaði grein um atburðina við Stonewall í dagskrárrit Hinsegin daga árið 2014:Neðarlega í Greenwich Village á Manhattan, í Christopher Street númer 51–53, lá vinsæll bar, Stonewall Inn. Vinsældir sínar átti staðurinn ekki síst að þakka því að þar gátu karlmenn dansað saman óáreittir. Þetta kvöld minntust gestirnir Judy með því að spila söngvana hennar og allt var með friði þar til upp úr klukkan eitt um nóttina. Skyndilega birtist lögreglan á svæðinu eins og svo oft áður, komin til að fremja reglubundna rassíu.

Einir fimmtán lögregluverðir birtust vopnaðir og handtóku sjö manns, eina konu og nokkra karla. Sumir munu hafa verið gestir á staðnum, aðrir starfsmenn, og með þennan feng sinn héldu lögreglumennirnir út í bíl. Mikil læti upphófust þá utan dyra og þegar konan, sem handtekin hafði verið, rauk upp og sparkaði í klofið á einum verði laganna var fjandinn laus. Lögreglan leitaði skjóls inni á kránni, en fangarnir voru frelsaðir. Fólk þusti að úr nærliggjandi krám og brátt birtist óeirðalögreglan í Kristófersstræti en réð ekki við neitt. Hópurinn hafði uppgötvað samtakamáttinn.Ugla Stefanía Kristjönudóttir Jónsdóttir, trans-aktívisti, skrifaði um Stonewall í tilefni Hinsegin daga árið 2020 og minnti þar sérstaklega á hlut svartra trans kvenna og dragdrottninga:Margar sögur fara af því hvernig óeirðirnar byrjuðu og sögusagnir eru mismunandi eftir því við hvern er rætt. Ekki er þó hægt að neita því að sá hópur sem sótti Stonewall-barinn var fjölbreyttur hópur hinsegin fólks, sem var oft og tíðum útskúfað úr samfélaginu vegna fordóma og ofbeldis. Þar á meðal voru svartar trans konur, kynsegin fólk og dragdrottningar — og má þar sérstaklega nefna Mörshu P. Johnson og Sylviu Riveru. Sögur segja meðal annars að Marsha hafi klifið ljósastaur fyrir utan Stonewall-barinn þegar óeirðirnar áttu sér stað og hent tösku með múrsteinum ofan á húddið á lögreglubíl — en þekkt var á þessum tíma að kynlífsverkafólk geymdi múrsteina í töskum sínum til að verja sig gegn ofbeldisfullum einstaklingum. Marsha P. Johnson var svört kynlífsverkamanneskja sem á sínum tíma skilgreindi sig sem dragdrottningu. Það gerði Sylvia Rivera líka og báðar voru þær meðal stofnenda Gay Liberation Front og Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR), sem var sett á fót til að hjálpa heimilislausu hinsegin fólki. Óljóst er hvernig þær myndu nákvæmlega skilgreina sig í dag en það hefur gjarnan verið sagt að þær hafi verið trans konur. Báðar töluðu þær um að þær væru dragdrottningar, klæðskiptingar eða bara einfaldlega þær sjálfar. Kyntjáning þeirra var nær alltaf kvenlæg og þær notuðust við kvenkyns fornöfn. Það sem þær minna okkur á er að kynvitund og kyntjáning er oft og tíðum flókin og erfitt er að yfirfæra nútímaskilgreiningar á fólk sem ólst upp í allt öðrum tíðaranda fyrir rúmum fimmtíu árum síðan. Hvað sem því líður er augljóst að Marsha og Sylvia tilheyrðu báðar trans samfélaginu líka og þær voru mikill drifkraftur í óeirðunum sjálfum. Báðar léku þær svo lykilhlutverk í því að vekja athygli á málefnum hinsegin fólks í þeim mótmælum og viðburðum sem áttu sér stað í kjölfarið.Fimmtíu árum eftir Stonewall uppþotin, í júní 2019, baðst lögreglan í New York opinberlega afsökunar á gjörðum sínum þetta afdrifaríka kvöld í Greenwich Village. "Aðgerðirnar og lögin voru bæði óréttlát og kúgandi og ég biðst afsökunar á því," sagði James O'Neill lögreglustjóri.

Átökin á Compton's Cafeteria í Los Angeles árið 1966
Árásir lögreglu á samkynhneigða, dragdrottningar og trans fólk í Bandaríkjunum voru ekki nýjar af nálinni þegar allt sprakk í loft upp á Stonewall kránni sumarið 1969. Sk. rassíur eða áhlaup lögreglu á samkomustaði hinsegin fólks höfðu lengi tíðkast og enduðu yfirleitt með handtökum, barsmíðum og niðurlægingu. Viðstaddir voru krafðir um skilríki, konur voru handteknar ef þær klæddust færri en þremur "kvenlegum flíkum" (þ.e. voru of karlmannlegar í útliti) og fólk sem þótti kvenlega klætt var sent á salernið með lögreglukonu, neytt til að sýna kynfæri sín og handtekið ef kynfærin þóttu ekki passa við klæðaburðinn. Má í þessu samhengi nefna uppþotin við Compton's Cafeteria í Los Angeles, í ágúst 1966, þar sem lögregla gekk hart að fastagestunum sem voru trans konur og allt sauð uppúr. Vilja sumir fræðimenn setja upphafspunkt hinsegin baráttunnar við Compton's Cafeteria, þremur árum áður en hin frægu Stonewall-uppþot áttu sér stað.

Bandarísk lög um samkynhneigt atferli á þessum árum
Á tímum Stonewall Inn og Compton's Cafeteria uppþotanna var samkynhneigð ólögleg í flestum ríkjum Bandaríkjanna og enga vernd að hafa fyrir hinsegin og kynsegin fólk. Illinois varð fyrsta ríkið til að afnema hin sk. "sodomy" lög, árið 1962. Níu árum seinna, 1971, fylgdi Connecticut í kjölfarið og síðan tíndust ríkin inn eitt af öðru á áttunda og níunda áratugnum. Íhaldssömustu ríki Bandaríkjanna urðu svo loks að beygja sig undir dóm Hæstaréttar árið 2003, í málinu Lawrence v. Texas, þar sem öllum hömlum einstakra ríkja á samkynhneigt atferli var aflétt, þar eð slík lög og refsingar töldust ganga gegn bandarísku stjórnarskránni.

Bandaríska geðlæknasambandið tók samkynhneigð út af sinni sjúkdómaskrá í desember 1973.

Christopher Street Day, Gay Pride, Pride, gleðiganga:
Fyrsta gleðigangan var haldin í New York 28. júní 1970 til að minnast þess að eitt ár var liðið frá Stonewall-uppþotunum. Hún var kölluð Christopher Street Liberation Day Parade. Síðan breyttist nafn göngunnar í Gay Pride og slíkar göngur breiddust út um allan heim, yfirleitt haldnar á sumrin. Til að víkka út hinsegin og kynsegin regnhlífina bera göngurnar nú eingöngu heitið Pride og eru kenndar við borgirnar þar sem þær fara fram, sbr. Reykjavik Pride, íslensku gleðigönguna sem hefur verið farin á hverju ári frá 2000, nema á Covid-árinu 2020.

Tilvísanir

Óeirðir í Bandaríkjunum
Hinsegin saga
Saga Bandaríkjanna
1969

Stonewall-uppþotin


MX3000 er et togsæt, der benyttes på T-banen i Oslo. Fra 2005 til 2014 er der leveret 115 trevognssæt fra Siemens AG, der nu varetager hele trafikken på T-banen. De kører enkeltvis eller koblet sammen to og to.

Historie
I løbet af vinteren 2005/2006 afprøvede Oslo T-banedrift nye T-banevogne fra Siemens AG i Østrig, der skulle erstatte hele den eksisterende vognpark. De nye tog havde et nyt udseende og var koblet sammen i trevognssæt. Togene blev bygget med Type V fra Wiener U-Bahn som forbillede. De er lavet, så man kan genindvinde bremseenergi, forudsat at det er andre tog i nærheden, der kan bruge energien. Tanken er at strømforbruget derved potentielt kan reduceres. De første nye tog blev sat i drift i september 2006.

I slutningen af 2010 besluttede Oslos byråd sig for at udnytte den sidste option i aftalen med Siemens til at bestille yderligere 32 MX3000-sæt. Sættene blev leveret fra juni 2012 til december 2013 med fuldførelse 15. februar 2014. Herefter består vognparken af i alt 115 togsæt, der har erstattet alle gamle vogne. Trafikselskabet Ruter har oplyst, at antallet af MX3000 er tilstrækkeligt til både at trafikere Holmenkollbanen og Kolsåsbanen (genåbnet 2014), indføre nyt linjenet på T-banen, fordoble antallet af afgange på Røabanen, betjene Lørenbanen når den åbner (forventet 2016) og fordoble antallet af afgange på Østensjøbanen, når Lørenbanen åbner. Alle tog på alle linjer med undtagelse af Holmenkollbanen kan køres med seksvognssæt.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

T-banen i Oslo
Togsæt

MX3000


Asanuma ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Asanuma Inejirō (1898–1960), japanischer Politiker
 Kanji Asanuma (* 1934), japanischer Wasserballspieler
 Suguru Asanuma (* 1992), japanischer Fußballspieler

Asanuma


Kingman Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Kingman Township (Kansas)
 Kingman Township (Minnesota)

Kingman Township


Akylbek Usenbekovich Japarov (Balykchy, 14 de setembro de 1964) é um político quirguiz, primeiro-ministro do Quirguistão desde 12 de outubro de 2021.

Ele substituiu Ulukbek Maripov, sendo nomeado para o novo cargo pelo presidente Sadyr Japarov em 5 de maio de 2021. Akylbek também é simultaneamente o chefe da administração presidencial sob o presidente Japarov.

Vindo de uma formação econômica e de engenharia, Japarov já havia servido em vários papéis principalmente econômicos sob os governos Akayev e Bakiyev, incluindo como Ministro da Economia e Finanças de 26 de março de 2005 a 27 de dezembro de 2007 sob Bakiyev após a Revolução das Tulipas.

Primeiros-ministros do Quirguistão
Políticos do Quirguistão

Akylbek Japarov


Queen, 1970 yılında Londra'da kurulmuş İngiliz rock grubu. Grup üyeleri Freddie Mercury (vokal, piano), Brian May (gitar, geri vokal), Roger Taylor (davul, geri vokal) ve John Deacon'dır (bas). İlk çalışmaları progresif rock, hard rock ve heavy metal izleri taşıyordu ama grup zaman içinde daha geleneksel ve radyoda çalınmaya uygun rock tarzına yöneldi, arena rock ve pop rock tarzlarında da eserler verdi.

1999 yılında Channel 4 tarafından düzenlenen "Music of the Millenium" anketinde Queen tüm zamanların en iyi ikinci grubu, rock opera tarzının ilk örneği olarak da gösterilen şarkıları Bohemian Rhapsody ise en iyi şarkı seçilmiştir. Queen'in toplamda 18 albümü, 18 single'ı ve 8 DVD'si 1 numaraya yükselmiş ve bu sayede en çok satan gruplar arasındaki yerini almıştır. Queen, Britanya listelerinde en uzun süre yer alan müzik grubu olma özelliğini de taşımaktadır. Grubun 1981'de yayınlanan ilk derleme albümü olan Greatest Hits, 25 milyondan fazla kopya ile Britanya'da tüm zamanların en çok satan albümü olmuştur.

Queen, 50 yıldan uzun süredir dünya genelinde popüler kültürde tanınırlığını sürdürmektedir. Tahmini 250-300 milyon adet satış rakamıyla dünyanın en çok satan müzik gruplarından biridir.

Freddie Mercury'nin hayatının anlatıldığı Bohemian Rhapsody adlı film 2 Kasım 2018'de yılında vizyona girmiştir.

Tarihçe

May ve Taylor ilk olarak Tim Staffell ile birlikte Smile adlı grubu kurdu. Staffell'in oda arkadaşı olan Mercury grubun müziğini yakından takip etmekteydi. Başka gruplarda (1969-Ibex; 1970-Sour Milk Sea) vokalistlik yapan Mercury Smile'ın müziğinin gelişmesi için fikirlerini paylaşmakta ısrarlıydı. Staffell'in gruptan ayrılıp Humpy Bong'a katılmasıyla dağılma sürecine giren grubun devam etmesi için ısrarını sürdüren Mercury, May ve Taylor ikna etti. Bu süreçte grubun adı Queen olarak değiştirildi. Şubat 1971'de Deacon'ın katılmasıyla grup son şeklini aldı.

İlk olarak 1973 yılında Keep Yourself Alive adıyla 45'lik çıkarmayı başaran grup bu şarkının rüzgârıyla ilk albümleri olan Queen'i aynı yıl piyasaya sürdü.1974 yılında "Seven Seas of Rhye" ile grup ilk kez müzik listelerine girdi. 3. albümleri "Sheer Heart Attack"ten çıkardıkları "Killer Queen" single'ı daha büyük bir başarı yakalayarak 2. sıraya kadar yükseldi. Asıl başarı ise 1975 yılında "A Night at the Opera" albümünden çıkardıkları "Bohemian Rhapsody" ile geldi. Şarkı Britanya listelerinde 9 hafta boyunca bir numarada kaldı ve uluslararası başarıya ulaştı. Bundan sonraki 16 yıl boyunca Queen birçok hit şarkı üretti. 80'ler boyunca Kuzey Amerika haricinde grup başarılı kariyerine devam etti.

1987 yılında Mercury'nin AIDS'li olduğu ortaya çıkınca çalışmalarına bir süre ara verdiler. 1989 yılında The Miracle ve 1991 yılında son albümleri Innuendo'yu piyasaya sürdüler.

1991 yılında 24 Kasım da Londra yakınlarındaki evinde Mercury AIDS e bağlı zatürre nedeniyle hayatını kaybetti. 1995 yılında Mercury'nin ölmeden önceki çalışmalarından derlenen "Made in Heaven" albümünün ardından grup sessiz bir döneme girdi. Bu sessizlik 2004 yılında başlayan "Queen+Paul Rodgers turnesine kadar devam etti.

Sinema ve televizyon

Queen Flash Gordon (1980; Mike Hodges) ve Highlander (1986; Russell Mulcaky) filmlerinin müziklerine doğrudan katkıda bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra pek çok film müziğinden çeşitle Queen şarkıları kullanılmıştır. Belki de bunlar arasında grup tarihi açısından en önemlisi "Wayne's World" filminde kullanılan "Bohemian Rhapsody"dir. Filmin ardından tekrar yayınlanan single Amerikan Billboard listesinde 2 numaraya kadar yükselmiştir. Fakat Queen grubunun sinemayla ilk tanışmaları 1975 ve 1976 yılında çıkan iki albümlerine Marx kardeşlerin unutulmaz filmlerinin isimlerini vermesiyle başlar. 1935 yapımı "A Night at the Opera" 1975 Kasım'ında 4. Queen albümü olarak ve 1937 yapımı "A Day at the Races" 1976 Aralık'ta 5. Queen albümü olarak yerlerini alır.

Müzikal

2002 yılında İngiliz komedyen ve yazar Ben Elton tarafından May, Taylor ve Robert De Niro'nun katkılarıyla hazırlanan "We Will Rock You" adlı müzikal Londra West End'de bulunan Dominion Theater'da prömiyerini yaptı. Şu ana kadar Madrid, Barcelona, Sydney, Perth, Köln, Kuala Lumpur, Güney Afrika, Las Vegas ve Zürih'te sahnelendi. Londra gösteriminin Ekim 2006'da bitirilmesi planlandıysa da halktan gelen yoğun talep nedeni ile gösterim süresiz olarak uzatıldı. Böylece daha önce Grease'in elinde bulundurduğu Dominion Tiyatro'sunda en uzun süre sahnede kalan müzikal rekorunu da eline geçirmiş oldu. Müzikal gösteriminin Kraliçe 2. Elizabeth'in Altın Jübile kutlamalarıyla çakışması nedeniyle, bu kutlamaların bir parçası olarak Brian May Buckingham Sarayı'nın çatısında "God Save the Queen"in gitar solosunu çaldı.

Logo

Queen'in logosu Freddie Mercury tarafından ilk albüm piyasaya sürülmeden önce yaratıldı. Logoda tüm üyelerin zodyak burcu simgeleri kullanılmıştır: Deacon ve Taylor'ı temsilen iki aslan, May'i temsilen bir yengeç ve Mercury'nin başak burcundan olması nedeniyle 2 adet peri. İki aslan tarafından kucaklanmış olan "Q" harfinin ortasında bir taç ve tüm bunların üzerinde büyük bir anka kuşu bulunmaktadır.

Diskografisi

Queen (1973)
Queen II (1974)
Sheer Heart Attack (1974)
A Night at the Opera (1975)
A Day at the Races (1976)
News of the World (1977)
Jazz (1978)
The Game (1980)
Flash Gordon (1980) – soundtrack
Hot Space (1982)
The Works (1984)
A Kind of Magic (1986)
The Miracle (1989)
Innuendo (1991)
Made in Heaven (1995)

Grup üyeleri

Freddie Mercury (1946-1991) klavye ve ana vokal: Grubun ana yüzü ve prodüktörüdür. Sahnedeki ana şovu Freddie üstlenmiştir. Vokalin yanı sıra piyano da çalmıştır. Özel bir tenor sesine sahipti ve Mercury birçok eleştirmen tarafından tüm zamanların en iyi vokalisti kabul edilir. 1992 yılındaki Barcelona olimpiyatları için Monserrat Caballe ile düet yaptıkları albüm oyunların resmî müziği olmuştur. Mercury, ''Killer Queen'', ''Bohemian Rhapsody'', ''We Are The Champions'' gibi birçok Queen şarkısının yazarıdır. Üniversite eğitimini Ealing College'de Grafik sanatları üzerine yapmıştır.

John Deacon (1951) bas gitar ve vokal: Grubun ilk basçılarından memnun kalmaması sonucu yapılan seçmeler ardından gruba 1971 yılında katılmıştır. Aynı zamanda grubun en içine kapanık üyesidir. Grubun stüdyo albümlerinde tek ana vokal yapmayan ismidir. Sonraki yıllarda Queen'in finansal ve idari konularıyla ilgilendi. Evde yaptığı ''Deacy'' adlı amfisiyle Brian May'in gitar çalışmalarına yardımcı olmuştur. Mercury'nin ölümüyle müzik hayatını bıraktı fakat hâlen grubun resmî bir üyesidir. Aralarında "You Are My Best Friend", "Another One Bites The Dust" ve "I Want To Break Free" nin de bulunduğu birçok şarkının bestesini yaptı. Üniversite eğitimini Chelsea College'da elektronik mühendisliği okuyarak tamamlamıştır.

Brian May (1947) gitar ve vokal: Aynı zamanda başarılı bir piyanisttir. Çocukluğunda babası ile birlikte evlerindeki 150 yıllık şömineden ürettikleri "Red Special" adlı gitarı hala kullanmaktadır ve aynı zamanda bu gitarı pena yerine madeni para ''beş peni'' ile çalar. Zaman zaman özellikle kendi bestelerinin vokallerini de yapmıştır. Aralarında "Tie Your Mother Down", "We Will Rock You" ve "Fat Bottomed Girls"ün de bulunduğu pek çok şarkıyı bestelemiştir.1992'de "Back to the Light" ve 1998'de "Another World" olmak üzere iki solo albüm yapmıştır. Az bilinen yanlarından biriyse Imperial College'den mezun bir astrofizikçi olmasıdır.

Roger Taylor (1949) davul ve vokal: Grubun davulcusu olmasının yanı sıra ritim gitar, gitar ve bas da çalmıştır. "Radio Ga Ga", "A Kind of Magic", "These are the Days of Our Lives", "Heaven for Everyone",gibi en önemli besteleri 80'li yılların sonunda gelmiştir. Üniversite eğitimini London Hospital Medical School'da dişçilik okuyarak tamamlamıştır.

Tüm üyeleri

Mevcut üyeler
 Brian May – lead gitar, geri ve lead vokal, piyano, klavye (1970–günümüz)
 Roger Taylor – davul, geri ve lead vokal, perküsyon, ritim gitar, klavye (1970–günümüz)

Eski üyeler
 Freddie Mercury – geri ve lead vokal, piano, ritim gitar, tef, klavye (1970–1991; öldü)
 John Deacon – bas gitar, geri vokal, ritim gitar, klavye, kontrbas, üçgen(1971–1997; bıraktı)
 Mike Grose – bas gitar (1970)
 Barry Mitchell – bas gitar (1970–1971)
 Doug Bogie – bas gitar (1971)

Uzun vadeli Queen vokalistleri
 Paul Rodgers (2004–2009)
 Adam Lambert (2011–günümüz)

Diğer konuk vokalistler
 David Bowie (1981, 1992)
 Annie Lennox (1992)
 Lisa Stansfield (1992–1993)
 George Michael (1992–1993)
 Elton John (1997)
 Zucchero (1998)
 Robbie Williams (2001)
 Kris Allen (2009)
 Jessie J (2012)
 Lady Gaga (2014)

Turne üyeleri
 Morgan Fisher – klavye, piyano (1982)
 Fred Mandel – klavye, piyano  (1982)
 Spike Edney – klavye, piyano, ritim gitar, geri vokal (1984–günümüz)
 Jamie Moses – ritim gitar, geri vokal (1998–2009)
 Danny Miranda – bas gitar, geri vokal (2005–2009)
 Rufus Tiger Taylor – perküsyon, davul, geri vokal (2011–günümüz)
 Neil Fairclough – bas gitar, geri vokal (2011–günümüz)
Kronoloji

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Capitol Records sanatçıları
1971'de kurulan müzik grupları
Müzikal dörtlüler

1970'te kurulan müzik grupları
1970'lerin müzik grupları
1980'lerin müzik grupları
1990'ların müzik grupları
İngiliz rock grupları
İngiliz hard rock grupları
Parlophone sanatçıları
Britanyalı progresif rock grupları
Ivor Novello Ödülü sahipleri
BRIT Ödülü sahipleri
Hollywood Records sanatçıları
Island Records sanatçıları
Grammy Yaşam Boyu Başarı Ödülü sahipleri
Grammy Ödülü sahipleri

Queen


is a Japanese actress. She was born in Otaru, Hokkaidō, and raised in Nagoya. She was married to director Juzo Itami from 1969 until his death in 1997, and regularly starred in his films.

She has been nominated for eight Best Actress Japanese Academy Awards, winning in 1988 for her role in A Taxing Woman.

Selected filmography

Film
Lost Sex (1966)
The Funeral (1984)
Tampopo (1985)
A Taxing Woman (1987)
A Taxing Woman's Return (1988)
Sweet Home (1989) as Akiko Hayakawa
A-Ge-Man: Tales of a Golden Geisha (1990)
Minbo (1992)
Daibyonin (1993)
Supermarket Woman (1996)
Woman in Witness Protection (1997)
Welcome Back, Mr. McDonald (1997)
Hankyu Railways: A 15-Minute Miracle (2011) as Tokie Hagiwara
Strawberry Song (2019)
Stand by Me Doraemon 2 (2020)
It's a Flickering Life (2021) as Yoshiko
BL Metamorphosis (2022) as Yuki Ichinoi
Haw (2022)

Television
Uchi no Ko ni Kagitte... (1984)
Mōri Motonari (1997), Tae
Manten (2002–03)
Tenchijin (2009), narrator
Amachan (2013)
Botchan (2016)
Hiyokko (2017), Suzuko
In This Corner of the World (2018), Ito Morita
Hiyokko 2 (2019), Suzuko
House of Ninjas (2024), Taki Tawara

Honours
Medal with Purple Ribbon (2014)
Kinuyo Tanaka Award (2022)
Order of the Rising Sun, 4th Class, Gold Rays with Rosette (2022)

References

External links

Nobuko Miyamoto's JMDb Listing (in Japanese)

1945 births
Living people
20th-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese actresses
Japanese film actresses
Japanese television actresses
People from Otaru
Actors from Nagoya
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class

Nobuko Miyamoto


Las Asambleas del Partido Republicano de 2012 en las Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos se hicieron el 10 de marzo de 2012. Las Asambleas del Partido Republicano fueron unas asambleas, con 9 delegados para elegir al candidato del partido Republicano para las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2012.  En el territorio de las Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos estaban en disputa 9 delegados.

Elecciones

Resultados

Véase también
 Primarias presidenciales del Partido Republicano de 2012

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Destino 2012 en Univision (en español)
 Asambleas y asambleas en CNN (en inglés)
 Candidatos a las Asambleas (en inglés)

2012
Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos


BBC Radio Norfolk is the BBC's local radio station serving the county of Norfolk.

It broadcasts on FM, AM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at The Forum in Norwich.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 150,000 listeners and a 6.6% share as of June 2023.

History

BBC Radio Norfolk launched at 5:55 pm on 11 September 1980. It was the first BBC local station in East Anglia and the first after a gap of several years in the corporation's local radio development, due to the Government's review of local radio (both BBC and independent services) in the late 1970s. Due to the policy of launching only one local radio service at a time in a particular area, when it came to choosing whether Norfolk or Devon would receive a BBC or commercial station first, there was contention between the BBC and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) as to who would get which area. This was settled by the toss of a coin, the BBC winning and choosing Norfolk. The IBA got Devon and appointed DevonAir Radio.

For several years until the launch of Radio Norfolk, BBC East had broadcast a morning radio programme, Roundabout East Anglia, a regional opt-out from the Today programme on BBC Radio 4. However, this had a larger editorial area than any BBC local station, being heard across the same region as the BBC's Look East regional television news programme. Like Look East, Roundabout East Anglia also broadcast from BBC East's regional headquarters at All Saint's Green in Norwich.

Radio Norfolk was one of the first BBC stations to be based on a county, rather than a town; it was also first to broadcast in stereo (though only to East Norfolk; the remainder of the county had to wait until 2005). Initially, there was insufficient budget for a full schedule; the station had a breakfast show, a two-hour show at midday and then an extended five o'clock news and sports bulletin, while using BBC Radio 2 outside these times. There was, however, a full local service at weekends, when it was assumed more listeners would be available. After Keith Salmon took over as the station's managing editor in 1982, full local programmes began on weekdays.

Originally, Radio Norfolk was at a former carpet showroom in Norfolk Tower on Surrey Street in Norwich. The station's first presenter on air was John Mountford and the launch was simulcast live on Look East. Mountford was one of several former Roundabout East Anglia personnel who transferred to the new station following that programme's demise.

The station moved to The Forum in Norwich in June 2003.

Notable programmes and presenters

Roy Waller presented a weekday afternoon show from the early 1980s until 2009, which led to his being one of the best-known and most popular voices in the county, described by the Eastern Daily Press as "a household name." Waller also hosted a Saturday morning country music programme, Rodeo Norfolk, which he continued to present following his departure from the weekday show, until ill-health forced him to step down. Waller's funeral in July 2010 was held at Norwich Cathedral and was attended by over 1500 mourners.

From the early days of Radio Norfolk until 2007, Waller was the station's commentator for Norwich City matches, known as "the voice of Carrow Road". The station devotes extensive coverage to Norwich City, the county's only professional football team, providing live coverage of all League and Cup matches, as well as a post-match phone-in show Canary Call and fanzine show The Scrimmage, both of which are regarded as amongst the station's most popular programmes. In 2011, when BBC economy measures raised the idea that local radio football commentaries could be cut back, the possibility was criticised by the local press in Norfolk, praising the station for the passion of its commentaries.

The Norfolk Airline, presented by David Clayton and Neil Walker, was the station's first mid-morning programme, launched in 1983. In April 1986, the programme won the Sony Radio Academy Award for Best Magazine Programme, ahead of BBC Radio 4's A Small Country Living and Capital Radio's The Way It Is. The programme also made the news itself, when James Prior announced his resignation as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland live during a show.

The station won its second Radio Academy Award 28 years later in 2014, for Local Radio Journalist of the Year. The success of Airline eventually led to Clayton and Walker departing to make programmes for network radio, on BBC Radio 4.

From 1995 until his death in 2006, presenter and journalist John Mills presented Midday With Mills, a consumer affairs programme. The show gained a strong reputation for solving listeners' consumer problems, and in 2000 was given the British Insurance Brokers' Association Media Award for its work in this area.

From 1984 until 2009, BBC Look East presenter Stewart White was the presenter of the station's Saturday breakfast show. White was the first presenter to go on-air after the station moved studios from Norfolk Tower to The Forum in the summer of 2003.

Managing Editors
BBC Radio Norfolk has so far had only five Managing Editors in its history. The founding editor was Mike Chaney, appointed at the beginning of 1980 to oversee the setting-up of the radio station. Chaney had previously been working on the Today programme at BBC Radio 4, but lost his role there during a behind-the-scenes shake-up. In recompense for this, Chaney was promised the editorship of a BBC local radio station, and was given the job at Norfolk. Before working on Today, he had been the founding editor of BBC Radio 1's Newsbeat programme in 1973, and prior to this had worked as a journalist for The Sun newspaper.

Chaney was succeeded in 1982 by Keith Salmon, who had been working at BBC Radio Oxford. He had first joined the BBC in 1961, and had also worked at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, the BBC's famous electronic music and sound effects department in London. At Oxford, Salmon had been a presenter and the programme organiser. He remained Managing Editor of BBC Radio Norfolk for thirteen years, until his retirement in 1995.

Tim Bishop had a background in local newspapers in Norfolk, having worked on the Eastern Daily Press and been the news editor for the Norwich Evening News, before joining the BBC in 1994. Immediately prior to becoming the Managing Editor of BBC Radio Norfolk, Bishop had been the Education Correspondent for Look East. He subsequently returned to the television side of BBC East's operations, and then became the Head of Regional and Local Programmes for the area in 2002. David Clayton became BBC Radio Norfolk's Managing Editor in 1998, having been a broadcaster at the station since the early 1980s and the Assistant Editor under Salmon and then Bishop since 1991. During Clayton's period in charge of the station, it gained its highest ever listening figures.

Clayton was replaced in March 2016 by Peter Cook, who combines his role as Managing Editor for both BBC Radio Norfolk and BBC Radio Suffolk.

Impact

Audience
BBC Radio Norfolk has frequently claimed some of the highest audience figures of any of the BBC's local radio stations in England. Figures from the radio audience measuring body RAJAR have regularly shown that over 200,000 people in Norfolk listen to some part of the station's output in any given week. When criticising proposed BBC local radio cutbacks in December 2011, South Norfolk MP Richard Bacon claimed in a letter to Lord Patten, the Chairman of the BBC Trust, that only BBC Radio 2 claimed a bigger audience in Norfolk than BBC Radio Norfolk.

Awards and accolades
BBC Radio Norfolk has twice won categories at the main industry awards, the Radio Academy Awards (formerly the Sony Awards). The "Best Magazine Programme" category was won by The Norfolk Airline in 1986, and in 2014, the station won its second Gold Award at the event, when the news team collectively won the "Local Radio Journalist of the Year" category. In 2010, wildlife expert Chris Skinner was runner-up in the Best Specialist Contributor category for his broadcasts as part of Matthew Gudgin's programme. In 2004, Today in Norfolk was nominated in the Best Breakfast Show category, while in 2006, BBC Radio Norfolk as a whole was a nominee for the Station of the Year Award.

BBC Radio Norfolk has also won success at the Frank Gillard Awards, the BBC's own internal awards for its local radio stations. In 2010, the station's Sophie Price won the Original Journalism category for a documentary she had made about teenage pregnancy in Norfolk. In 2002, the station was the runner-up in the Best Radio Feature category for Liberators, and in 2006, took another silver, when David Clayton's Norfolk Years programme was the runner-up in the Best Interactive Programme category.

Local and regional awards have included a win in the Best Radio Programme category at the 2009 Creative East Awards for the show Treasure Quest. At the 2006 EDF Energy East of England Media Awards, the station's Paul Moseley won the Radio Journalist of the Year award. He repeated this feat in 2007, becoming the first two-time winner of the award. In 2009, Nikki Fox won the title, and at the 2010 ceremony, Nicky Price was joint-winner of the Sports Journalist of the Year category, while the Nick Conrad show took the Radio News / Current Affairs Programme of the Year title.

At the Parliamentary Jazz Awards in 2011, presenter Paul Barnes won the Broadcaster of the Year category for his show The Late Paul Barnes, broadcast from BBC Radio Norfolk, but shared across the BBC East region.

Criticism
Keith Skipper, a former presenter on the station until he left in 1995, has criticised BBC Radio Norfolk for a lack of local focus to some of its programming. In an article published in the Eastern Daily Press in February 2012, Norwich City Independent Supporters Club chairman Robin Sainty described the station's post-match phone-in programme Canary Call as "audio surrealism", criticising the quality of callers phoning in with their views.

District offices

Great Yarmouth

In the early 1980s, BBC Radio Norfolk had a small office for the district reporter based in Great Yarmouth, situated in the premises of the Port and Haven Commissioners on the town's South Quay. A more substantial Great Yarmouth presence opened in the summer of 1984. This was a district office and studio at Whitefriars Court on Stonecutters Way in the town. The studio there was used for live inserts into programmes from Norwich, interviews with guests from the Great Yarmouth area, and the preparation of pre-recorded items by the Great Yarmouth district reporter. The studio was also occasionally used for full live programmes. At one point, the Great Yarmouth office had a staff of three; a receptionist, a producer and a reporter. Latterly, it was a one-person operation staffed only by the district reporter. After 33 years of operation, the office and studio at Stonecutters Way was closed in April 2017.

King's Lynn
The station's initial office in King's Lynn was located in a portable building situated behind the town hall. This was later replaced by a more substantial studio in the town's Tuesday Market Place. The King's Lynn district office and studio later moved to the North Lynn Business Village. Some programmes would be broadcast from the King's Lynn studio once a week.

Technical

The 95.1 FM signal covers east and South Norfolk, 104.4 FM covers West Norfolk, while 95.6 FM (which came on-air on 12 September 2005) serves North Norfolk.

Since 31 March 2003, DAB signals originate from the NOW Digital Norfolk multiplex, originally broadcast on block 11B before moving to 10B on 10 September 2015. DAB coverage in West Norfolk is incomplete.

The station also broadcasts on Freeview TV channel 719 in the BBC East and BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire regions and streams online via BBC Sounds.

In January 2020, the BBC announced that Radio Norfolk's medium wave (AM) service from Postwick on 855 kHz covering the eastern part of the county, would close later in the year. The transmitter was switched off, after a period of service just short of 40 years, on the morning of 9 April 2020.

Timeline
 11 September 1980 – BBC Radio Norfolk begins broadcasting at 5:55 pm from Norfolk Tower, Surrey Street, Norwich on 95.1 MHz VHF (FM) & 855 kHz (351m) MW / AM to East Norfolk, plus 1602 kHz (187m) MW / AM to West Norfolk. There were no FM transmissions to West Norfolk.
 12 September 1980 – Terry Wogan presents his BBC Radio 2 breakfast show live from the new station's studios.
 1982 – MW / AM frequency in West Norfolk changed, from 1602 kHz (187m), to 873 kHz (344m) MW / AM.
 1984 – FM transmissions begin in West Norfolk on 96.7 MHz. These transmissions were broadcast in mono due to an off-air re-broadcast system. This picked up the Tacolneston 95.1 FM broadcast and re-transmitted it, but was unable to reproduce a clear noise free stereo signal.
 1986 – West Norfolk FM frequency changed, from 96.7, to 104.4 MHz (the mono broadcasts continued).
 1992 – The King's Lynn studio moves from Tuesday Marketplace to the North Lynn Business Village.
 2000 – Tacolneston transmissions cease and Stoke Holy Cross transmissions commence. These continue on 95.1 MHz FM but at slightly less transmitter power.
 27 June 2003 – Radio Norfolk ceases broadcasting from the original Norfolk Tower studios.
 28 June 2003 – Radio Norfolk starts broadcasting from the new BBC studios on the 1st floor at The Forum, Millennium Plain, Norwich. Look East presenter Stewart White is the first voice on air.
 12 September 2005 – As part of BBC Radio Norfolk's 25th birthday celebrations, the West Runton transmitter launches a new FM frequency (95.6 MHz) for North Norfolk.
 October / November 2005 – Stereo FM broadcast for West Norfolk begin on 104.4 MHz FM.
 27 April 2007 – Chris Moyles presents his BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show from the station's studios, and Moyles' newsreader Dominic Byrne co-hosts on BBC Radio Norfolk with Nicky Barnes.
 16 March 2020 – Radio Norfolk programmes cease on 855 kHz, with a retune loop (voiced by Chrissie Jackson) then broadcast on this frequency until 9 April 2020.

Programming
Following BBC cuts in 2023 local programming is produced and broadcast from the BBC's Norwich studios from 6 am to 2 pm on weekdays.

Other programming is shared with sister stations in the BBC East and BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire regions. The station also simulcasts Sunday evening output from BBC Essex. The Sunday late show, broadcast across the eastern counties between 10 pm and 1 am, originates from Radio Norfolk and is presented by David Clayton.

During the station's downtime, BBC Radio Norfolk simulcasts overnight programming from BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio London.

Presenters

Notable former presenters

 Andy Archer
 Rob Bonnet
 Tom Edwards
 Helen McDermott
 Keith Skues
 Roy Waller
 Stewart White
 David Whiteley

References

Notes

External links

 BBC Radio Norfolk In Pictures
 MDS975's coverage map
 Old logo
 Great Massingham transmitter
 Postwick transmitter
 Stoke Holy Cross transmitter
 Thetford (Digital)
 West Lynn transmitter
 West Runton transmitter

Norfolk
Organisations based in Norfolk
Radio stations in Norfolk
Radio stations established in 1980
1980 establishments in England

BBC Radio Norfolk


Fortune Global 500, en büyük gelire sahip, 500 kurumun sıralı listesidir. Bu liste, her yıl Fortune dergisi tarafından hazırlanır ve yayınlanır. Fortune 500'den ayrıldığı taraf, Fortune 500'ün sadece Amerikan kurumlarından oluşmasıdır.

2020 listesi
Aşağıdaki liste, 2020 yılında yayınlanmış olup, sıralamanın en üstündeki on kurumu içerir. Bu çalışma, 2020 ya da daha önce sona eren mali dönem sonu raporları göz önüne alınarak yapılmıştır.

Fortune Global verilerine göre yıllık gelir bakımından en yüksek 25 Şirketin 7 tanesi petrol, 3 tanesi sağlık, 3 tanesi otomotiv, 3 tanesi çok alanlı, 2 tanesi teknoloji, 7 tanesi diğer şirketlerdir.

2020 ülkelere göre dağılım
Global 500 listesinde en çok şirketin bulunduğu ülkeler derlenmiştir.

Asya ilk 50 (2009)

Türkiye

Ayrıca bakınız
 Fortune Dergisinin Türkiye resmi sitesi
 Forbes Global 2000
 Fortune 500
 Dünyanın en büyük şirketleri sıralı listeleri
 Gelirlerine göre en büyük şirketler listesi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Fortune Global 500 resmi sitesi

Çokuluslu şirketler
Şirket listeleri
Uluslararası sıralamalar

Fortune Global 500 listesi


Shun Aso (født 23. april 1985) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Kagoshima United FC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Shun Aso


Senné este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Veľký Krtíš din regiunea Banská Bystrica. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 201 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Senné este atestată documentar din 1249.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Senné, Veľký Krtíš


Dahme Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Ostholstein iline bağlı bölge. 9,08 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu 30 Haziran 2005 itibarıyla yaklaşık 1163 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Heinrich Plön tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Ostholstein iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Dahme


Beechcraft Starship Burt Rutan'a ait Scaled Composites firması tarafından tasarlanan ve Beech Aircraft Corporation (Beechcraft) firması tarasından üretilen gelecek nesil görünümlü 6-8 koltuklu bir iş jetidir.

Gelişim Süreci
Beechcraft'ın 1979 yılında Beechcraft King Air yerine kullanılacak bir iş jeti tasarımına karar vermesiyle söz edilmeye başlanan Starship programı, Raytheon firmasının şirketi satın almasıyla vücut bulmaya başlamış, Burt Rutan'ın tasarıma talip olmasıyla da 1982 yılında geliştirme çalışmalarına başlanmıştır. Tasarım büyük ölçüde Bilgisayar destekli tasarım (CAD) programı olan CATIA programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Scaled Composites firmasının tasarlama süreci içerisinde Model 115 adında %85 ölçekli bir prototip model üretilmiştir. Model 115 ilk uçuşunu 1983 yılında Ağustos sonlarında gerçekleştirmiştir. Zira Model 115, uçağın kendi modeli olan model 2000'de bulunması planlanan basınçlandırma sistemlerinden ve sertifikalandırılmış aviyonik sistemlerden yoksundur. Ayrıca malzeme ve uçak çerçevesi bakımından da epey farklıdır.

İlk gerçek ölçülü Starship prototipi ise 15 Şubat 1986'da, ilk gerçek Starship ise 1988 sonlarında uçmuştur. 1988'e kadar proje için 300 milyon dolar harcanmıştır.

Tasarım
Starship tasarımı birçok yönüyle önem teşkil etmektedir. Birincisi, Starship uçak çerçevesi malzemesi alüminyum yerine tamamen kompozit malzemelerden oluşmaktadır. O tarihe kadar bu malzemeler birçok askeri uçakta kullanılmış olmasına karşın, FAA'ın sertifikalandırdığı hiçbir sivil uçak bu malzemelerden oluşmamıştır. Starship'te uçağın ağırlığını düşürmek için bu malzemeler kullanılmıştır lakin buna rağmen ağırlık hedeflenenin üzerinde olmuştur.

İkincisi, Starship bir kanarttır. Dümen görevini gören kontrol yüzeyleri kanat uçlarına yerleştirilmiştir.

Üçüncüsü, bu uçak itici uçak tipindedir. Ayrıca uçak Rockwell Collins tarafından sağlanan 16-tüp cam kokpite sahiptir.

Satışlar

Ticari olarak uçak başarısız olarak nitelendirilebilir, çünkü yeteri kadar talep sağlanamamıştır. Uçak tüm bu özelliklerine karşın sadece 53 adet üretilmiş ve bir kısmı satılabilmiştir. Bu başarısızlığın altında fiyat, performans ve ekonomik şartlar bulunmaktadır. 1989 yılında uçağın liste fiyatı benzerleri olan Cessna Citation ve Learjet 31 ile yakın bir fiyatta; 3.9 milyon dolar olmuştur. Fakat bu uçakların azami seyir hızı Starship'ten sırasıyla 89 ve 124 knot daha yüksektir. Piper Cheyenne turboprop motorlu uçak Starship'ten hem daha hızlıdır, hem de fiyatı 1 milyon dolar kadar daha ucuzdur. Yine benzer uçak Piaggio P.180 Avanti benzer tasarıma sahip olup performans açısından daha başarılıdır. Dolayısıyla Starship rekabet gücünü yitirmiştir ve bunun altında da uçağın tasarım parametrelerinin istendiği gibi olmamasıdır.

Bugün bu uçak, uçağın sempatizanları ve bazı müzeler hariç çok da popüler değildir. Alüminyum bulundurmaması sebebiyle geri dönüşümü ekonomik zarar anlamına gelmektedir. Kalan Starship'lerden bazıları this satellite photo  adresinde görülebilir. (Pinal Airpark, Tucson, Arizona)

Hâlâ hizmette olan dört adet Starship bulunmaktadır.

Özellikleri (2000A)
 Mürettebat=1
 Kapasite=6 yolcu
 Uzunluk=46 ft. 1 in.
 Kanat Açıklığı= 54 ft. 4.7 in
 Yükseklik=12 ft. 11 in.
 Islak Alan=280.88 ft²
 Boş Ağırlık= 10,120 lbs.
 Azami Kalkış Ağırlığı=14,900 lbs
 Motor=2 adet Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6
 Motor tipi=turboprop
 Beygir Gücü=1,200 hp
 Azami Hız=385 mph (335 knots)
 Menzil=1,814 mi (1576 deniz mili)
 Tavan İrtifası=35,800 ft
 Tırmanma Hızı= 2,748 ft./min.
 Kanat Yüklemesi=53.0 lbs./sq. ft.
 Güç Yüklemesi= 6.21 lbs./shp.

Kaynakça

İlgili Bağlantılar
 Kanart

Benzer Uçaklar
 Learjet 23
 Learjet 24
 Learjet 31
 AASI Jetcruzer
 Piaggio P.180 Avanti

Dış bağlantılar
 Starship Günlükleri
 Starship Malzemeleri
 İki Kişilik İtici Kanart Eğitim Uçağı Kavramsal Tasarımı Tevfik Uyar, M.Tolga Tuncer

İş jetleri
Çift motorlu hava araçları

Beechcraft Starship