Gayatri (Sanskrit: गायत्री, IAST: Gāyatrī) is the personified form of the Gayatri Mantra, a popular hymn from Vedic texts. She is also known as Savitri, and bears the epithet of Vedamata (mother of the Vedas). Gayatri is often associated with Savitr, a solar deity in the Vedas. According to the Skanda Purana, Gayatri is another name of Saraswati, and is the consort of Brahma. Shaivite texts identify Mahagayatri as the consort of Shiva, in his highest form of Sadasiva, with five heads and ten hands.

Origin
Gayatri was the name initially applied to a metre of the Rig Veda consisting of 24 syllables. In particular, it refers to the Gayatri Mantra and the Goddess Gāyatrī as that mantra personified. The Gayatri mantra composed in this triplet form is the most famous. Most of the scholars identify Gayatri as the feminine form of Gayatra, another name of the Vedic Solar god which is also one of the synonyms of Savitri and Savitr.

According to the Puranas, Gayatri was an Abhira girl who helped Brahma in a Yajna performed in Pushkara.

Iconography

Early bronze images of Gayatri appear in the Himachal Pradesh, where she was revered as the consort of Sadasiva. Some of these forms are terrific in nature. One of the bronze images of Gayatri dated back to 10th century CE was obtained from Champa region and now preserved in Delhi museum. It appears with five faces and ten hands holding, sword, lotus, trident, disc, skull, Varada in left and goad, noose, a manuscript, the jar of ambrosia and Abhaya in right. She resides in the mount Nandi. Modern depictions illustrates swan as her mount. Old iconography of Shaivite Manonmani Gayatri was misunderstood as the same of Brahmanic Gayatri later and paintings of Gayatri appears from 18th century CE in which she is often portrayed with third eye, crescent moon and five heads with five different colors same like Sadasiva.

The well known form of Gayatri (Parvati) with the Saivite influence appears having five heads (Mukta, Vidruma, Hema, Neela, Dhavala) with the ten eyes looking in eight directions plus the earth and sky, and ten arms holding various types of weapons attributed to Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma. Another recent depiction is accompanied by a white swan holding a book to portray knowledge in one hand and a cure in the other, as the goddess of learning. She is also depicted four-armed, seated on a swan, holding weapons symbolising the Trimurti: The Vedas of Brahma, the discus of Vishnu, the trident of Shiva, and Varada mudra.

She also has an fearsome three-faced depiction; two faces look like that of goddess Kali and one calm one and holding weapons like the deity Mahakali. She is shown mounted on a lotus holding lotus, noose, trident, Scimitar and vard mudra in right whereas conch, discus, bow-arrow, goad and abhaya mudra in left.

Associations

In Mahanarayana Upanishad of Krishna Yajurveda, Gayatri is described as white-colored (Sanskrit: , ), having the gotra of sage Viswamitra (Sanskrit: , ), composed of 24 letters (Sanskrit: , ), three-footed (Sanskrit: , ), six-bellied (Sanskrit: , ), five-headed (Sanskrit: , ) and the one used in Upanayana of  (Sanskrit: , ).

As mentioned in Taittiriya Sandhya Bhashyam, the three feet of Gayatri is supposed to represent the first 3 vedas (Ṛk, Yajus, Sāma). The six bellies are supposed to represent 4 cardinal directions, along with the two more directions, Ūrdhva (Zenith) and Adhara (Nadir). The five heads represent 5 among the Vedangas, namely, vyākaraṇa, śikṣā, kalpa, nirukta and jyotiṣa.

By citing from Gayatri Tantra, the text Mantramahārṇava gives the significance of Gayatri's 24 letters and its representation that are given below.

24 Letters of Gayatri mantra
Gayatri mantra has 24 letters. That is why it called as  gāyatrī caturviṃśatyakṣarā (Sanskrit: गायत्री चतुर्विंशत्यक्षरा). They are 1.tat, 2.sa, 3.vi, 4.tur, 5.va, 6.re, 7.ṇi, 8.yaṃ, 9.bhar, 10,go, 11.de, 12.va, 13.sya, 14.dhī, 15.ma, 16.hi, 17.dhi, 18.yo, 19.yo, 20.naḥ, 21.pra, 22.cho 23.da and 24.yāt.

When counting the letters, the word vareṇyam is treated as vareṇiyam. But, while chanting, it ought to be chanted as vareṇyam only.

24 Rishis of Gayatri
The 24 Letters of Gayatri mantra represents 24 Vedic Rishis. They are: 1.vāmadeva, 2.atri, 3.vaśiṣṭha, 4.śukra, 5.kaṇva, 6.parāśara, 7.viśvāmitra, 8.kapila, 9.śaunaka, 10.yājñavalkya, 11.bharadwāja, 12.jamadagni, 13.gautama, 14.mudgala, 15.vyāsa, 16.lomasa, 17.agastya, 18.kauśika, 19.vatsa, 20.pulastya, 21.manḍūka, 22.dūrvāsa, 23.nārada, and 24.kaśyapa.

24 Meters of Gayatri
The 24 Letters of Gayatri mantra represent 24 Vedic Meters (i.e. Chandas). They are: 1.gāyatri,  2.uṣnik, 3.anuṣṭubh, 4.bṛhati, 5.paṃkti, 6.triṣṭubh, 7.jagati, 8.atijagati, 9.śakvari, 10.atiśakvari, 11.dhṛti, 12.atidhṛti, 13.virāṭ, 14.prastārapaṃkti, 15.kṛti, 16.prakṛti, 17.akṛti, 18.vikṛti, 19.saṃskṛti, 20.akṣarapaṃkti, 21.bhūḥ, 22.bhuvaḥ, 23.swaḥ, 24.jyotiṣmati.

24 Vedic Devatas of Gayatri
The 24 Letters of Gayatri mantra represent 24 Vedic Devatas. They are: 1.agni, 2.prajāpati, 3.soma, 4.īśāna, 5.savitā, 6. āditya, 7.bṛhaspati, 8. maitrāvaruṇa 9.bhaga, 10.āryamaan, 11.gaṇeśa, 12.tvaṣṭā, 13.pūṣā, 14. indrāgni, 15.vāyu, 16.vāmadeva, 17.maitrāvaruṇi 18. viśvedevā, 19. mātṛkā, 20.viṣṇu, 21.vasu, 22. rudra, 23.kubera and 24.aśvins

The Padmapurana (in Sṛṣṭi Kānḍa) mentions 24 Adhi-Devatas (presiding deities) for each of the 24 letters of Gayatri mantra. They are 1.agni, 2.vāyu, 3.sūrya, 4.ākāśa, 5.yama, 6.varuṇa, 7.bṛhaspati, 8.parjanya, 9.indra, 10.gandharva, 11.pūṣā, 12. mitra, 13.tvaṣṭā, 14.vasu, 15.marut, 16.soma, 17.āṅgiras, 18.viśvedevā, 19.aśvins, 20.prajāpati, 21.akṣara (tattva), 22.rudra, 23.brahma and 24.viṣṇu.

The Yoga yājñavalkya mentions 24 Devatas for each of the 24 letters of Gayatri mantra. They are 1.agni, 2.vāyu, 3.sūrya, 4.īśāna, 5.āditya, 6.āṅgiras, 7.pitri, 8.bharga, 9.āryamān, 10.gandharva, 11.pūṣā, 12. maitrāvaruṇa, 13.tvaṣṭā, 14.vasu, 15.vāmadeva, 16.maitrāvaruṇi, 17.jñeya, 18.viśvedevā, 19.viṣṇu, 20.prajāpati, 21.sarvadevā, 22.kubera, 23.aśvins and 24.brahma.

24 Śaktis of Gayatri
The 24 Letters of Gayatri mantra represent 24 Śaktis. They are: 1.vāmadevī, 2.priyā, 3.satyā, 4.viśwabhadrā, 5.vilāsinī, 6.prabhāvatī, 7.jayā,  8.śantā, 9.kāntā, 10.durgā, 11.saraswatī, 12.vidrumā, 13.viśālesā, 14.vyāpinī, 15.vimalā, 16.tamopahārini, 17.sūkṣmā, 18.viśwayoni 19.jayā, 20.vaśā, 21.padmālayā,  22.parāśobhā, 23.bhadrā, and 24. tripadā.

24 Tattvas of Gayatri

The 24 Letters of Gayatri mantra represent 24 Tattvas. They are
 Five Bhūtas, namely, pṛthivi (Earth), apas (Water), agni (Fire), vāyu (Air) and ākāśa (Sky).
 Five Tanmātras, namely, gandha (smell), rasa (taste), rūpa (form), sparśa (touch) and śabda (sound).
 Five Karmendriyas (i.e. motor organs), namely, upasthā (sexual organ), pāyu (anus), pāda (leg), pāni (hand) and vāk (mouth).
 Five Jñānendriyas (i.e. sense organs), namely, ghrāna (nose), jihvā (tongue), caksus (eye),  (skin) and śrotra (ear).
 Four Vāyus (air), namely, Prāṇa, Apāna, Vyāna and Samāna

However, in classical definition of 24 tattvas, the last four are the antahkaranas (i.e. sense organs), namely, manas (mind), buddhi (intellect), citta (state of mind) and ahaṅkāra (ego).

The Mudras of Gayatri

The Gayatri mantra represents some mahāmudras (great hand gestures). They are 1. sumukha, 2. sampuṭa, 3. vitata, 4. visṛta, 5. dvimukha,  6. trimukha,  7. catuḥ, 8. pañcamukha, 9. ṣaṇmukha, 10. adhomukha,  11. vyāpakāñjali, 12. śakaṭa, 13. yamapāśa, 14. grathita, 15. sanmukhonmukha, 16. vilamba, 17. muṣtika,  18. matsya, 19. kūrmah 20. varāhaka, 21. simhākrānta, 22. mahākrānta, 23. mudgara, 24. pallava, 25. triśūla, 26. yoni, 27. surabhi, 28. akṣamāla, 29. linga, 30. ambuja.

Since, the first 24 are used before Gayatri Japa, they are traditionally referred as Pūrva Mudras.

Legends
In some Puranas, Gayatri is said to be the other names of Sarasvati, the wife of Brahma. According to the Matsya Purana, Brahma's left half emerged as a female, who is celebrated under the names of Sarasvati, Savitri, and Gayatri. In Kurma Purana, Gautama rishi was blessed by Goddess Gayatri and able to eliminate the obstacles he faced in his life. The Skanda Purana writes that Gayatri is married to Brahma, making her a form of Saraswati.

A few Puranic scriptures say that Gayatri is distinct from Sarawati and is married to Brahma. According to the Padma Purana, Gayatri is an Abhira girl who helps Brahma in the performance of yajna in Pushkara.

According to some texts, Brahma's first wife is Savitri, and Gayatri is the second. The story goes that Savitri became angry knowing the wedding of Gayatri with Brahma, and cursed all the gods and goddesses engaged in the event.

However, the Padma Purana narrates the same story with some modifications. After Savitri was appeased by Brahma, Vishnu, and Lakshmi, She accepts Gayatri, an Abhira as her sister happily.

Gayatri further developed into a fierce goddess who could even slay a demon. According to Varaha Purana and Mahabharata, Goddess Gayatri slew the demon Vetrasura, the son of Vritra and river Vetravati, on a Navami day.

Shaivism
 Shaivism sees Gayatri as the consort of eternal blissful absolute Parashiva who manifests in the form of Sadasiva. Sadashiva's consort Manonmani is none other than the mantra form of Gayatri, who possess the power of her husband Bharga, within her. The popular form of Gayatri with five heads and ten arms was initially found in Saivite iconographies of Manonmani in North India beginning from 10th century CE. The Saivite view on Gayatri seems a later development from the combination of vedic practice of Gayatri reverence and its Saivite inclusion as a manifestation of Shakti. This could be the root for the sublime aspect of Gayatri explained in the later puranas as the killer of demon Vetra identifying her with Adi Parashakti.

See also
 Gayatri Mantra
 Saraswati
 Gaia

References

Notes

External links
 Goddess Gayatri
 Hindu Goddess gayatri

Hindu goddesses
Names of God in Hinduism
Forms of Parvati
Consorts of Shiva

Gayatri


An Cyperus jeminicus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christen Friis Rottbøll. An Cyperus jeminicus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cyperus

Cyperus jeminicus


John Coggswell Conner (* 14. Oktober 1842 in Noblesville, Hamilton County, Indiana; † 10. Dezember 1873 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1869 und 1873 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Texas im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
John Conner besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen seiner Heimat und das Wabash College in Crawfordsville. In den Jahren 1861 und 1862 studierte er an der  United States Naval Academy in Annapolis. Zwischen 1862 und 1864 diente er während des Bürgerkrieges in einer Infanterieeinheit aus Indiana, die zum Heer der Union gehörte. Politisch war er Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei. Im Jahr 1866 kandidierte er erfolglos für das Repräsentantenhaus von Indiana. Zwischen 1866 und 1869 war Conner als Hauptmann der United States Army in Texas stationiert.

Nach der Wiederaufnahme des Staates Texas in die Union wurde er im zweiten Wahlbezirk dieses Staates in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington gewählt, wo er am 31. März 1870 sein neues Mandat antrat. Nach einer Wiederwahl konnte er bis zum 3. März 1873 im Kongress verbleiben. Aus gesundheitlichen Gründen verzichtete er im Jahr 1872 auf eine weitere Kandidatur. Er starb am 10. Dezember 1873 in der Bundeshauptstadt Washington und wurde in seinem Geburtsort Noblesville beigesetzt.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Texas
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1842
Gestorben 1873
Mann

John C. Conner


was a town located in Nakagami District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 13,177 and the density of 691.71 persons per km2. The total area was 19.05 km2.

On April 1, 2005, Yonashiro, along with the cities of Gushikawa and Ishikawa, and the town of Katsuren (also from Nakagami District), was merged to create the city of Uruma.

Originally it was . It was elevated to town status and renamed to Yonashiro in 1994.

References

External links
Town of Yonashiro website (archives)
Uruma official website

Dissolved municipalities of Okinawa Prefecture

Yonashiro, Okinawa


Njarðareðla (fræðiheiti: Barosaurus lentus) var jurtæt risaeðla með langan háls.

Heimildir

Risaeðlur

Njarðareðla


Mikroişlemcinin programı işletmesi sırasında geçici olarak kullandığı bölgedir.

Genel olarak bir mikroişlemcide programlar öncelikli olarak yazmaçları kullanırlar. Yazmaçlar, mikroişlemcinin içerisinde bulunan, mikroişlemcinin saat hızında çalışan ve çoğu işlemcide 32 bit (32-bitlik işlemci diye anılırlar), yeni işlemcilerde 64 bit uzunluğunda olan çok hızlı bellek bölgeleridir.

Tabii ki mikroişlemcinin fiziksel boyutları sınırlı olduğundan yazmaçlar da sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu yüzden programlarca, büyük veriler işlerken nispeten daha yavaş olan ancak yine de sabit disklerden çok daha hızlı olan ara bellek bölgesine başvurulur.

Ara bellek (ing. RAM) bölgesinde, yıllar boyu değişik teknolojiler kullanılarak gerek güç tüketimi, gerekse veri yoğunluğu iyileştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu teknolojilerden birkaçı SRAM (Static RAM), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), DDR-SDRAM (kısaca DDR) (Double Data Rate - Synchronous DRAM) şeklindedir.

Ara bellekler zaman zaman harici elektrik depolama sistemleri (piller vs.) ile desteklenerek sabit diskin veri depolama yeteneği ile ara belleğin hızını birleştirmek için düzenlenmişseler de bugün son kullanıcı için kayda değer bir örnek bulunmamaktadır. Yine de çok büyük miktardaki verilerin işlendiği bilgisayarlarda (sunucular vs.) ara bellekler bir araya getirilip kesintisiz güç kaynağına bağlanarak bir çeşit sabit bellek oluşrulur. Doğal olarak bu sistemin çalışma hızı da maliyetleri de çok yüksektir.

"Ara bellek" ismi, bu bölgenin mantıksal olarak "arada" olmasından gelir. Mikroişlemcinin amacı dış dünyayı yönetmektir. Dış dünya ile mikroişlemci arasındaki her veri akışı bu bellek bölgesi kullanılarak yapıldığı için ara bellek adını alır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Önbellek
 Arabellek
 İşlemci önbelleği
 Arabellek aşımı

Bilgisayar belleği

İşlemci arabelleği


දෙ-දරු ප්‍රතිපත්තිය යනු, එක් පවුලකට දරුවන් දෙදෙනෙකු පමණක් වන පරිදී රජයක් විසින් පැනවුනු සීමාවක් හෝ පළමු දරුවන් දෙදෙනා හට පමණක් රජයේ සහනාධාර ගෙවීමේ ක්‍රමයකි. පෙරදී වියට්නාමයෙහි භාවිතා වුනු මෙය දැනට චීනයෙහි ක්‍රියාත්මක වෙයි.

චීනය
1970 ගණන් වලදී, දරුවන් දෙදෙනෙකු ලබනු ලෙසින් චීන පුරවැසියන් උනන්දු කෙරිණි.

දෙ-දරු ප්‍රතිපත්තිය


Honk oder HONK steht für:
 Honk (Schimpfwort), ein Begriff aus der Jugendsprache
 Honk!, ein deutscher Partyschlagersänger
 Honk! (Musikfestival), eine Reihe von Musik-Festspielen in Nordamerika
 Honk (Band), eine kalifornische Rock-Band
 Honk! (Musical), ein Musical auf der Grundlage des Märchens Das hässliche Entlein
 Honk, the Moose, ein Kinderbuch von Phil Stong
 Honk (Magazin), eine US-amerikanische Zeitschrift aus den 1980er-Jahren

Honk ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Jivi Honk (* 1957), österreichischer Pop- und Jazzmusiker, Komponist und Produzent

Siehe auch:

 Honky Tonk
 Honk Studios, siehe Johann Kiefersauer

Honk


Verda Erman, (19 Aralık 1944, İstanbul - 21 Temmuz 2014, Paris) Türk piyanist.

Eğitimi
Müzik öğrenimine İstanbul Belediye Konservatuvarında başladı. Rana Erksan ve Ferdi Statzer'in öğrencisi oldu. Müziğin yanında İstanbul Konservatuvarı'nda Leyla Arzuman'la bale çalışmalarında bulunmuştur. Sekiz yıl boyunca bale çalışan Erman daha sonra bir röportajında bu durum hakkında "Bu çalışmaların müzik kavramımı da büyük bir şekilde etkilediğine inanıyorum." diyecektir.

Kısa zamanda üstün yeteneğini belli eden Erman, olağanüstü yetenekli çocuklar için çıkartılmış olan 6660 sayılı yasa gereğince 1957 yılında Paris'e gönderildi. Paris Konservatuvarı'nda piyano öğrenimini sürdürdü. Paris'te ilk olarak Lucette Descaves'ın öğrencisi oldu. 1957-1958 ders yılında solfej sınıfından birincilikle mezun oldu. 1958 yılının Eylül ayında Paris Yüksek Millî Konservatuvarının piyano sınavını yüksek bir notla kazandı. 1959 yılının Haziran ayında 14 yaşındayken birincilik ödülü alarak yüksek piyano bölümünden mezun oldu. Kariyerini geliştirmek amacıyla ünlü piyanist ve pedagog Lazare Lévy ile çalıştı. Ayrıca özel olarak piyano eğitimine Descaves ve onun hocası Marguerite Long'la devam etti, Noel Gallon'dan armoni ve kontrpuan dersleri aldı.

Kariyeri
Paris'te bulunduğu süre içinde başarılı konserler verdi. Yurda döndükten sonra Cumhurbaşkanlığı Senfoni Orkestrası eşliğinde birçok piyano konçertosunu seslendirdi, bazılarının Türkiye'de ilk seslendirilişini gerçekleştirdi.

1963 yılının Kasım ayında Marguerite Long-Jacques Thibaud Uluslararası Piyano Yarışması'nda "Paris Şehri Ödülünü" kazandı. 1965'te Kanada Uluslararası Piyano Yarışması'nda ikincilik kazandı. Napoli'de düzenlenen Casella, New York'ta düzenlenen Edgar Levintritt uluslararası piyano yarışmalarından ödüller kazandı.                                                                                1971'den sonra, dünyanın önemli müzik merkezlerine konuk sanatçı olarak davet edildi ve konserler verdi. Rudolf Serkin tarafından Marlboro (Vermont) Festivaline çağrıldı. Müzik merkezlerindeki ünlü orkestralar eşliğinde konçertolar çaldı. Belgrad, Paris, Montreal ve Bükreş'te başarılar kazandı.

1971 yılında Devlet Sanatçısı unvanı aldı. Aynı zamanda Cumhurbaşkanlığı Senfoni Orkestrası'nın solist sanatçısı olan Erman, orkestranın Avrupa turnelerine birçok kez katılmış ve verdiği konserler dış basında övgüyle karşılanmıştır.

Dünyaca ünlü piyanist Verda Erman, 21 Temmuz 2014'te Paris'teki evinde lösemiden 70 yaşında öldü.
Cenazesi Paris'te yapılan törenle burada defnedildi.

Ödüller
 1971: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Sanatçısı unvanı

Kaynakça

1944 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu müzisyenler
Devlet Sanatçıları
Türk klasik piyanistler
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Senfoni Orkestrası sanatçıları
Devlet Senfoni Orkestrası sanatçıları
2014 yılında ölenler
Paris'te kanserden ölenler
Lösemiden ölenler
Paris'te defnedilenler

Verda Erman


Tatianus (Latince:Tatianus d. 130 ö. 176) putperest bir aileden doğan, sonraları Hristiyanlığı seçen bir Hristiyan apolojisti. Tatianus'un bir süre Roma'da yaşayıp daha sonra Edessa'ya döndüğü bilinir. Bardesanes ile çağdaş olan Tatianus Süryani edebiyatına büyük katkılarda bulunmuştur.

Felsefesi
Tatianus, kendi teolojisinde, insan aklının Tanrı'nın varoluşunu yaratıklardan hareket ederek, a posteriori bir biçimde kanıtlayabileceğini kabul etmiş ve felsefeyle filozoflara yönelik eleştirisine karşın, teolojinin gelişimine katkı yapmıştır. Ona göre, Tanrı bir olup, var olan her şeyin ilkesidir. Duyusal yoldan bilinemeyen tinsel bir gerçeklik, saf ruh olarak Tanrı, nedeni olmayan nedendir.

İlk zamanlar Iustinus'un yerini alan Tatianus daha sonraları gnostik Valentinus'un büyüsüne kapılınca Roma'da itibarını kaybetmiştir. Daha sonraları Enkratitler (Perhizciler) olarak bilinen yeni bir gnostik mezhebin temellerini atmıştır. Bu mezhebe göre evlilik, et ve alkollü içkiler haram kabul edilmekteydi. Enkratitler, Komünyon'da şarap yerine su yahut süt kullanmalarıyla tanınmışlardı. Roma'da dinsel otoritelerin kendisine karşı artan kuşkuları karşısında Edessa'ya çekilmek zorunda kalan Tatianus, burada hemşerileri tarafından büyük bir düşünür olarak karşılanmıştır.

Grek Uygarlığı hakkındaki düşünceleri
Grekçe kaleme aldığı Greklere Söylev bir yandan Hristiyan saflığını savunurken, bir yandan da Grek uygarlığını yerden yere vurmuş, bu uygarlığın temellerinin İsa'nın öğretileriyle uyuşmadığını savunmuştur. Yunan filozofların bilgeliklerini, İbranilerden almış olduklarını öne süren Philon ve Iustinus tarafından geliştirilmiş olan kanıtlara dayanarak, Yunanlara karşı Hristiyanlığın tüm diğer öğretilere kıyasla, eski ve üstün olduğunu dile getirmiştir. Ona göre, Yunanların bilim, felsefe ve sanatları kendilerinin bulmuş ya da kurmuş oldukları şeklindeki iddiaları temelsiz bir iddiadır. Yunanlar tüm bildiklerini başkalarından öğrenmiş olup, bilimleri, hele felsefeyi geliştirip yetkinleştirecek yerde bozmuş, yanlış kullanmışlardır Asıl ününü, başta "uyum" anlamına gelen Diatessaron adlı eseri olmak üzere Süryani dinsel yazınına yaptığı katkılara borçludur. Aynı zamanda dört İncil'den derleyerek İsa'nın hayatını kaleme alıp tutarlı ve uyumlu bir öykü oluşturan yine Tatianus'du. O tarihe kadar Süryaniler, Süryanice yazılmış Yeni Ahit metinleri nin tamamına sahip değildi. Böylece Diatessaron kiliselerde Süryanilerin meşru kutsal kitabı olarak kabul edildi.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Süryaniler listesi

Kaynakça

130 doğumlular
176 yılında ölenler
2. yüzyıl filozofları
2. yüzyılda Hristiyanlar
2. yüzyıl yazarları
Süryani yazarlar
Asurlular
Hristiyan apolojistler
Gnostisizm
Kilise Babaları

Tatianus


El tropicalísimo es un cóctel chileno tradicional elaborado con pisco y jugo de frutas tropical. Otras variantes han sido elaboradas con otras bebidas alcohólicas como vino blanco, pipeño o vodka. Similar al tropicalísimo es el trago llamado Escocia tropical, creado en la ciudad de Glasgow en Escocia, cuando a falta de jugo de frutas tropicales el pisco se mezcló con jugo de arándanos y extracto de jugo de lima.

Ingredientes

La receta varía según los gustos y se puede hasta improvisar, pero por lo general incluye:

 Pisco
 Jugo de frutas tropicales (piña, mango o la mezcla)
 Hielo
 Trozos de frutas tropicales
 Vino blanco
 Alcohol (opcional)

Preparación

En un vaso de unos 250ml, se llena con vino blanco hasta por lo menos 3/4 del vaso y lo demás con bebida de saborizante a piña. La mezcla se bate y se sirve.

El hielo puede ser licuado hasta ser pequeños añicos y entonces servir combinado, se tiene que licuar junto con los ingredientes.

Referencias

Cócteles con pisco
Bebidas alcohólicas de Chile

Tropicalísimo (cóctel)


ظهر مصطلح السياحة البيئية منذ مطلع ثمانينيات القرن العشرين، وهو مصطلح حديث نسبياً، جاء ليعبّر عن نوع جديد من النشاط السياحي الصديق للبيئة، الذي يمارسه الإنسان، محافظاً على الميراث الفطري الطبيعي والحضاري للبيئة التي يعيش فيها، ويمارس فيها نشاطه وحياته، وهو في هذه الممارسة والحياة ليس حراً مطلقاً، يفعل ما يشاء دون حساب، بل هو حر مسؤول عن ما يفعله، وهو يعيش في إطار المعادلة.

مكوّنات السياحة البيئية

العوامل الطبيعية الإيكولوجية

تضم العناصر والأنظمة الحيوية، وتلك التي تقدّمها الطبيعة كليّاً، مثل سطح الأرض وما عليه من جبال ووديان وغابات ومغاور وأنهار ومحميات وصحارى، وأنواع المشاهدات والخبرات الواسعة المتضمنة فيها، أو التي عمل عليها الإنسان مثل الحدائق والمنتزهات.

العوامل المناخية
الفصول المناخية وما تقدّمه من عناصر وإمكانات وتحوّلات في الصيف أو الشتاء، في الربيع أو الخريف، وبحيث تتحوّل هذه العناصر إلى مكوّنات سياحية كبرى، من مشاهدة الغروب على شاطئ البحر أو ممارسة التزلج على الثلج في الجبال، أو السهر مع النجوم في الصحراء بعيدًا عن كل إنارة.

العوامل البيولوجية
الثروات النباتية المتنوعة، من أزهار، وأشجار، ونباتات، ومياه معدنية، إلى الثروة الحيوانية والسمكية، من طيور وأسماك وكائنات بحرية وبرية مختلفة.

انظر أيضًا
 سياحة
 سياحة مفرطة

مصادر

أنواع السياحة
إدارة الموارد الطبيعية
إيكولوجيا اقتصادية
سياحة مغامرة

سياحة بيئية


Važec este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Liptovský Mikuláš din regiunea Žilina. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 2.376 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Východná.

Istoric
Localitatea Važec este atestată documentar din 1280.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Važec


Rebecca Scown (* 10. August 1983 in Hawera) ist eine neuseeländische Ruderin. Sie gewann 2010 und 2011 zusammen mit Juliette Haigh den Weltmeistertitel im Zweier ohne Steuerfrau.

Scown, die 1999 mit dem Rudern begann, belegte bei den U23-Weltmeisterschaften 2005 mit dem Doppelvierer den dritten Platz. 2006 saß sie im neuseeländischen Achter und belegte bei den Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften 2006 in Eton als Sieger des B-Finales den siebten Platz. Mit dem neunten Platz bei den Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften 2007 in München verpasste die Crew die Olympiateilnahme 2008. 2009 startete Scown zusammen mit Emma-Jane Feathery im Zweier ohne und gewann die Weltcup-Regatten in München und Luzern. Bei den Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften 2009 in Posen belegten die beiden den dritten Platz hinter den Booten aus den Vereinigten Staaten und aus Rumänien.

2010 bildete Scown zusammen mit Juliette Haigh einen neuen Zweier ohne und die beiden siegten ebenfalls in München und Luzern. Bei den Heim-Weltmeisterschaften auf dem Lake Karapiro, etwa 150 Kilometer von Auckland entfernt, gewannen sie den Titel mit über drei Sekunden Vorsprung auf die Britinnen Helen Glover und Heather Stanning. In der Weltcupsaison 2011 gewannen Haigh und Scown in Hamburg, unterlagen aber in Luzern gegen die Britinnen. Bei den Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften 2011 in Bled kam es zwischen dem britischen und dem neuseeländischen Zweier zu einer sehr knappen Entscheidung, die Haigh und Scown mit acht Hundertstelsekunden für sich entschieden. Im Jahr darauf belegten Haigh und Scown bei der Olympischen Regatta 2012 den dritten Platz hinter dem britischen und dem australischen Boot. Ein Jahr später, bei den Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften 2013 in Chungju erreichte sie mit Kayla Pratt den dritten Platz. Bei den Ruder-Weltmeisterschaften 2014 gewann sie erneut die Bronzemedaille, diesmal zusammen mit Louise Trappitt. 2015 wechselte Rebecca Scown in den neuseeländischen Achter, mit dem sie bei den Weltmeisterschaften die Silbermedaille hinter dem US-Achter gewann.

Im Weltcup 2016 ruderten Rebecca Scown und Genevieve Behrent aus dem Vorjahres-Achter in zwei Bootsklassen und erreichten in Luzern und in Posen sowohl im Zweier ohne Steuerfrau als auch mit dem Achter die Medaillenränge. In Posen siegte der Achter, wobei die Achter aus Kanada und aus den Vereinigten Staaten nicht teilnahmen. Bei den Olympischen Spielen 2016 gewannen Scown und Behrent im Zweier die Silbermedaille hinter den britischen Titelverteidigerinnen Helen Glover und Heather Stanning. Mit dem Achter erreichten sie ebenfalls das A-Finale und belegten dort den vierten Platz.

In der nacholympischen Saison 2017 saßen mit Emma Dyke, Ruby Tew, Rebecca Scown und Kelsey Bevan noch vier Ruderinnen aus dem Vorjahr im Achter. Im Ruder-Weltcup gewann der Achter in Posen und belegte den zweiten Platz in Luzern. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften in Sarasota gewann der neuseeländische Achter die Bronzemedaille.

Weblinks

Weltmeister (Rudern)
Olympiateilnehmer (Neuseeland)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2016
Ruderer (Neuseeland)
Neuseeländer
Geboren 1983
Frau

Rebecca Scown


Cordyline fruticosa, zimzeleni grm ili manje stablo iz porodice šparogovki  raširen po otocima zapadnog Pacifika i Queenslanda u Australiji.

Lokalno stanovništvo ovu biljku koristi za širok raspon namjena, kao u medicini i prehrani (korijen se peče do četiri dana u zemljanim pećima kako bi se konzumirao kao hrana, a kako ima velik udio šećera izrađuju se i slatkiši i slastice te fermentirana pića). Korijen može težiti od 4.5 do 6.5 kg. Listovi se također kuhaju, a u posebno ceremonijalnim prilikama od njega se izrađuju resaste suknje.

C. fruticosa često se sadi i kao ukrasna biljka.

Sinonimi
Postoji 236 sinonimnih naziva.

Izvori

Lomandroideae
Flora Nove Gvineje
Flora Queenslanda
Flora Solomonskih otoka
Flora Fidžija
Flora Bismarckovih otoka
Flora Vanuatua
Flora Wallisa i Futune
Flora Marijanskih otoka
Flora Karolinskog otočja
 Flora otočja Santa Cruz
Flora Marshalovog otočja

Cordyline fruticosa


Joseph Patrick Kennedy II, better known as Joe, (born September 24, 1952) is an American businessman, Democratic politician, and a member of the Kennedy family. He is a son of former United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Kennedy, and he is also a nephew of former U.S. President John F. Kennedy and former U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy.

He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from the 8th congressional district of Massachusetts from 1987 to 1999. In 1979 he founded and, until he was elected to the U.S. House, led Citizens Energy Corporation, a non-profit energy company which provides heating oil to low-income and elderly families in Massachusetts.

Early life, family and education

Kennedy was born on September 24, 1952, in St. Elizabeth's Hospital in the Brighton section of Boston, Massachusetts, the second of 11 children of Ethel (Skakel) and Robert Francis Kennedy. He was named after his grandfather Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., the patriarch of the Kennedy family. He had a troubled youth and was expelled from several private schools as a result of his quick temper. He regularly got into fights with his younger brothers and male cousins. He was 15 when his father was assassinated. A restless, impulsive teenager, he left Milton Academy, a private, college preparatory school, in Milton, Massachusetts, later graduating from the Manter Hall School—also a private, college-preparatory school—in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1971. During his time at Milton, he was roommates with Thomas C. Wales.

Kennedy attended the University of California, Berkeley in 1972, but dropped out. He returned to school after a major car accident which occurred in 1973 and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Massachusetts Boston in 1976.

Early career
While on hiatus from college, he worked for several months as part of a federally funded program to combat and treat tuberculosis in the African American community in San Francisco, California. San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto personally praised Kennedy's work in the community.  Kennedy resigned from his position in the program and returned to Massachusetts in the summer of 1973.

In 1979, Kennedy founded Citizens Energy, a nonprofit organization, to provide discounted heating oil to low-income families. In 2010, Kennedy transformed the organization to become a leader in renewable energy generation while continuing to use profits to provide energy savings to low-income families.  (See Citizens Energy (since 1979) section below.)

U.S. House of Representatives (1987–1999)

Elections
In 1986, incumbent Democrat and Speaker of the House Thomas Phillip "Tip" O'Neill Jr., who had held Massachusetts' 8th congressional district seat since 1953, announced his retirement. Kennedy decided to run for the seat, which his uncle, former president John F. Kennedy, had held from 1947 to 1953. The Democratic nomination was contested by a number of well-known Democrats including state senator George Bachrach and state representative Mel King. However, Kennedy garnered endorsements from The Boston Globe and the retiring O'Neill. Kennedy won the primary with 53%. He won the general election with 72% of the vote. He won re-election in 1988 (80%), 1990 (72%), 1992 (83%), 1994 (99%), and 1996 (84%).

Tenure
Kennedy's legislative efforts in U.S. House of Representatives included

Expanding the availability of credit to working Americans to buy homes and to open businesses.
Requiring public disclosure of bank-lending practices in poorer neighborhoods and disclosure of bank home-mortgage approvals and refusals by race, sex, and income. Subsequent Federal Reserve Board studies based on these newly required disclosures found widespread evidence of discriminatory-loan practices. One study found that white borrowers in the lowest-income category were approved for mortgages more than African American borrowers in the highest-income category. Data from Boston; Chicago, Illinois; and Minneapolis, Minnesota, found that African Americans were turned down at three times the rate of whites.
Helping create hundreds of thousands of new affordable-housing units nationwide by introducing tax credits to stimulate private investment in neighborhood housing developments after federal housing assistance had been cut by 75 percent during the 1980s.
Chairing the House Banking subcommittee on consumer credit and insurance and holding the first U.S. congressional hearings to expose the lack of access to insurance in low-income neighborhoods.
Proposing a balanced-budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution as a vehicle to end skyrocketing deficits, reduce interest rates, and free up investment capital for business growth rather than government bonds while fighting to end corporate tax breaks and subsidies.
Overhauling federal public-housing law for the first time in almost 60 years, giving local housing authorities the ability to raise standards while protecting those who depend on public housing for shelter.
Co-chairing the U.S. congressional biotechnology caucus and proposing to preserve and expand federal research and development accounts that stimulate the creation of new technologies and build the foundation for new jobs and business growth.
Proposing the "Mom and Pop Protection Act" to help corner-store owners to install safety equipment and a "National Stalker Reduction Act" to require all states to enact comprehensive anti-stalking legislation, track stalkers, and establish a national domestic-violence database to track violations of civil-protection orders.
Protecting kids from alcohol by proposing to limit television advertising of beer and wine between 7 a.m. and 10 p.m. and to keep outdoor alcohol advertisements away from schools.
Launching a bipartisan initiative in Massachusetts to fight child hunger that helped lead to an expansion of school breakfast and lunch programs.

In 1991 Kennedy boycotted a speech to the U.S. Congress by the United Kingdom's Queen Elizabeth II "in protest to the British occupation in Northern Ireland".

In March 1998, following a year of family troubles that included the skiing death of his brother Michael LeMoyne Kennedy, he announced that he planned to retire from the U.S. House, citing "a new recognition of our own vulnerabilities and the vagaries of life."  An editorial in The Boston Globe observed that "Kennedy has remained steadfast in his political life to issues and constituencies no poll would have led him to: the poor, the homeless, disadvantaged children, and others swamped in the current tide of prosperity." He served in the U.S. House for six terms, until January 1999. In his final speech on the U.S. House floor, Kennedy delivered "an impassioned plea for unity and forgiveness" in the midst of Congressional debate regarding the proposed articles of impeachment of President Bill Clinton.

Committee assignments
Throughout his career in the U.S. House, Kennedy served on the House Banking Committee, where he played an active role in the federal saving-and-loan bailout, credit-reporting reform, the overhaul of The Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 and financial modernization. Kennedy also served on the House Veterans' Affairs Committee, passing legislation to strengthen the veterans' health-care system, to investigate the causes of Gulf War syndrome, and to provide medical treatment for veterans of the Persian Gulf War.

Citizens Energy (since 1999)

Overview
After leaving the House of Representatives, Kennedy returned to Citizens Energy. (During Kennedy's terms in the House, it had been run by his brother Michael.) Citizens Energy pursues commercial ventures aimed at generating revenues that, in turn, are used to generate funds that could assist those in need in the U.S. and abroad. It grew to encompass seven separate companies, including one of the largest energy-conservation firms in the U.S. Citizens Energy became one of the U.S.'s first energy firms to move large volumes of natural gas to more than 30 states. As a precursor to market changes under electricity deregulation in the late 1990s, Citizens Energy was a pioneer in moving and marketing electrical power over the power grid. In recent years, Kennedy has led the company into the renewable-energy industry, building solar farms along the East Coast and transmission lines to support charitable programs like one giving free solar panels to low-income families in California. In 2019, Citizens Energy announced the completion of one of the largest Low-Income Community Shared Solar projects in the country, funded by its investment in the Sunrise PowerLink Transmission line. Totaling 30 megawatts, the record-breaking California project will provide $500 in energy savings to 12,000 low-income families each year.

Public policy
Since 1979, Citizens Energy has provided affordable heating oil to low-income families in Massachusetts and other cold-weather states. These charitable efforts were funded largely from profitable commercial ventures and donations.

Since returning to Citizens Energy, Kennedy also has sought to influence energy-related public policy, challenging the Bush administration to invest in energy conservation and efficiency and renewable energy, encouraging Congress to fully fund federal heating assistance programs, proposing that oil-consuming countries work together to balance oil prices against Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) manipulation, and calling for the federal government and major oil companies to use portions of royalties from oil and gas extracted from federal lands and waters to help low-income families with the high price of energy. Kennedy has been criticized for the salaries paid to himself and his wife. In 2012, as CEO of Citizens Energy and related organizations, Kennedy was paid a total of $796,000 in compensation, and his wife was paid an additional $344,000 as Director of Marketing.

Venezuela
Beginning in 2005, Citgo Petroleum Company (Citgo), a wholly owned subsidiary of Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA)—the Venezuelan state-owned oil company—has been the primary donor of heating oil to Citizens Energy. The Wall Street Journal and others criticized Citizens Energy for continuing its relationship with the Venezuelan government and Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, a harsh critic of the United States. In response, Kennedy and others have argued that it is hypocritical to criticize a non-profit organization for accepting oil from Venezuela while numerous other American businesses are profiting from robust trade with Venezuela and at a time when the US government has cut low-income fuel assistance.

Although Citgo donations reportedly dried up in 2015 owing to Venezuela's economic turmoil, the company was reported in 2009 to have donated 83 million gallons of oil over the two previous years, which was used to provide heating assistance to an estimated 200,000 families a year in 23 states.

Kennedy has since turned into a critic of Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro, the handpicked successor of Chávez, accusing him of "stealing democracy from the people" and calling for Maduro's removal.

Later political considerations

Gubernatorial elections
In 1993 a Boston Globe poll showed Kennedy within one percentage point of popular incumbent William Weld in a hypothetical gubernatorial match-up, prompting prominent state Democrats to try and recruit him for the race. Though no other Democrat was polling near Weld, Kennedy decided to forgo the race and remain in Congress. Mark Roosevelt won the nomination and lost to Governor Weld by over 40 points.

Kennedy was considered the front runner for the governorship of Massachusetts in 1998, but revelations about his personal life led to a tumultuous fall in public opinion polling, and he decided against running.
Kennedy explained in a VFW hall in a working-class corner of Boston that he believed he would never be able to focus his candidacy on issues: "The race will focus on personal or family questions. It is not fair to my family, it is not fair to the people of Massachusetts and it is not the right thing to do."

2010 US Senate election
With the death of his uncle US Senator Ted Kennedy on August 25, 2009, Kennedy's name had been mentioned as a possible candidate for his uncle's seat representing Massachusetts in the United States Senate. In an Associated Press article, Democratic strategist Dan Payne said, "He wouldn't be human and he wouldn't be a Kennedy if he didn't give serious consideration to running for what is known as the 'Kennedy seat' in Massachusetts." However, Kennedy released a statement on September 7 explaining that he would not pursue the seat. The seat eventually went by appointment to Paul G. Kirk and later by election to Republican Scott Brown.

Personal life
On February 22, 1972, Kennedy was on Lufthansa Flight 649 when it was hijacked. Shortly after the inflight movie began during the 747's flight from New Delhi to Athens, five gunmen seized the jet and forced it to land at Aden International Airport, where all hostages were released the following day.

In August 1973, a Jeep he was driving on Nantucket overturned, fracturing one of his brother David Kennedy's vertebrae and permanently paralyzing David's girlfriend, Pam Kelley. The police cited Kennedy with reckless driving and the judge temporarily suspended his driver's license. The Kennedy family paid for Kelley's initial medical treatment and minorly contributed to her continued care during the years following the accident. Kelley died on November 20, 2020, leaving behind among others, a 31-year-old daughter and two grandsons.

On February 3, 1979, Kennedy married Sheila Brewster Rauch (born March 22, 1949), a daughter of banker Rudolph Stewart "Stew" Rauch Jr., president then chairman of the Philadelphia Savings Fund Society, and Frances Stuart Brewster. On October 4, 1980, the couple had fraternal twin sons, Matthew Rauch "Matt" Kennedy and Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy III. They were legally divorced in 1991.

In 1993 Kennedy asked the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston for an annulment of the marriage, claiming he was mentally incapable of entering into marriage at the time of his wedding. An annulment would have rendered the marriage void sacramentally (a church annulment does not change the legal legitimacy of a marriage) and allow Kennedy to marry Anne Elizabeth "Beth" Kelly (born April 3, 1957), a former staff member of his, in a Roman Catholic ceremony, as well as allow him to participate in other sacraments of the church, such as Holy Communion, not available to a divorced person who remarries. Rauch refused to agree to the annulment, and Kennedy married Beth in a non-Catholic civil ceremony on October 23, 1993.

The Boston Archdiocese initially granted Kennedy the annulment, which was discovered by Rauch only after the decision in 1996. Sheila, who is an Episcopalian, wrote a book Shattered Faith: A Woman's Struggle to Stop the Catholic Church from Annulling Her Marriage, explaining that she was opposed to the concept of annulment because it meant in Roman Catholic theology that the marriage had never actually existed, and claiming that the Kennedy family influence made it possible to unilaterally "cancel" a 12-year marriage. Canon law at the time required a tribunal decision in favor of annulment to be automatically appealed, and the decision was not effective until a second, conforming, sentence was granted. Instead of allowing the appeal to take place in the United States, Rauch appealed directly to the Roman Rota. The original decision was overturned by the highest appellate tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church, the Roman Rota, in 2005. Rauch was not informed of the decision by the Boston Archdiocese until 2007. As the first decision was never confirmed, there was no time at which the Church declared the marriage to be null or gave Kennedy permission to remarry. Because the Rota was sitting as a second-instance appellate court, Kennedy could appeal against the decision to another Rotal panel.

His older son (by eight minutes), Matthew, and his wife Katherine became parents to a daughter, Lily Frances Kennedy in 2013; Matthew and Katherine then welcomed their second child, Charlotte Ethel Kennedy, in 2016.  His younger son, Joseph III, and wife Lauren became parents to a daughter, Eleanor Anne Kennedy, in 2015, and a son in 2017, James Matthew Kennedy.

See also
 Kennedy family tree

Notes

References

External links

Citizens Energy Corporation
Citizens Energy Corporation profile of Kennedy

|-

1952 births
Hijacking survivors
American people of Dutch descent
American people of Irish descent
Catholic politicians from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Boston
Joseph P
Living people
Politicians from Boston
Robert F. Kennedy
University of Massachusetts Boston alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
Milton Academy alumni

Joseph P. Kennedy II


O Festival de Cinema Baiano (FECIBA) é um dos mais importantes e contínuos festivais de cinema do estado da Bahia, sendo voltado para o documentário e outras obras do cinema de curta-metragem.

Primeiras edições
Seguindo a tradição de outros festivais que começaram a surgir no estado da Bahia a partir da década de 2000, a primeira edição do Festival aconteceu em Ilhéus nos dias 9 e 13 de janeiro de 2011, por realização do Núcleo de Produções Artísticas (Núproart) e da Panorâmica Produções, tendo estado sob a curadoria de Renata Hasselman quanto aos filmes expostos e sob a curadoria da Associação Baiana de Cinema e Vídeo (ABCV) em relação à premiação dos filmes.

No segundo festival, realizado em abril de 2012, houve promoveu-se uma diversificação maior na programação, enquanto que no terceiro festival, realizado em 2013, houve um aumento no valor do prêmio destinado ao melhor filme de acordo com o júri popular.

Premiações
O FECIBA contempla as seguintes premiações:
 Melhor filme – Júri Técnico
 Melhor filme – Júri Popular
 Melhor Direção
 Melhor Roteiro
 Melhor Direção de Fotografia
 Melhor Direção de Arte
 Melhor Montagem
 Melhor Trilha Sonora
 Melhor Desenho de Som
 Melhor Ator
 Melhor Atriz
 Prêmio ABCV

Vencedores dos Prêmios de Melhor Filme

Outros festivais de cinema da Bahia
O FECIBA se destaca como um dos mais destacados eventos culturais voltados para a produção e disseminação cinematográfica e audiovisual no estado da Bahia que ainda se encontram ativos, juntando-se a outros festivais que persistem na Bahia como:
 Panorama Internacional Coisa de Cinema (primeira edição realizada em 2002 e última edição [a 18ª] em novembro de 2022);
 Mostra Cinema Conquista (primeira edição realizada em 2004 e última edição [a 15ª] realizada em novembro de 2022);
 Arraial Cine Fest (primeira edição realizada em 2006 e última edição [a 13ª] realizada em fevereiro de 2023);
 Cinemulti Itacaré (primeira edição realizada em 2011 e última edição [a 3ª] realizada em 2021);
 Cine Kurumin (primeira edição realizada em 2011 e última edição [a 8ª] realizada em março de 2021).

Ver também
 Lista de festivais de cinema
 Jornada de Cinema da Bahia

Ligações externas
 Sítio oficial do FECIBA

Festivais de cinema do Brasil
Eventos culturais da Bahia
Cinema independente
Cinema da Bahia

Festival de Cinema Baiano


Carl Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Carl Township (Iowa)
 Carl Township (South Dakota)

Carl Township


Die Niederländische Badmintonmeisterschaft 1965 war die 24. Austragung der nationalen Titelkämpfe im Badminton in den Niederlanden. Sie fand bereits Mitte Dezember 1964 in Eindhoven statt.

Finalergebnisse

Referenzen
badminton.nl
De waarheid, 14. Dezember 1964, S. 5.

1965
Badminton 1964
Badmintonwettbewerb in Eindhoven


Umberto Eco, Önceki Günün Adası ya da özgün adıyla L'Isola del Giorno Prima kitabında, batan bir gemiden kurtulup bir başka gemide `karaya' çıkan Roberto de la Grive'in öyküsünü anlatır. Yazar, on yedinci yüzyılda geçen bu öyküyü, Roberto'nun sevdiği kadına yazdığı mektuplar ve gemide tuttuğu notlar aracılığıyla okuruyla paylaşır. Roberto'nun ıssız gemide geçirdiği günler boyunca eski yaşantısıyla ilgili anımsamaları, bir dönemin siyaset, sevgi, bilim, toplum yaşantılarını yeniden kurarak, tarih, toplum, insan ilişkilerini değerlendirmemizi sağlar. Üç aşamalı bir anlatı piramidiyle (Yazar / Roberto / Roberto'nun mektuplarını yorumlayan Anlatıcı) okura ulaşan öykü, bir yandan gizemli izler bırakarak sürekli Roberto'dan kaçan bir Davetsiz Konuk'un varlığıyla gerilim kazanırken, bir yandan da hem birinci elden tarihsel anlara ve mekânlara ulaşır, hem de Anlatıcı kanalıyla on yedinci yüzyılla yirminci yüzyıl arasında karşılıklı bakış açıları oluşturur.

Umberto Eco romanları
1994 romanları
İtalyanca romanlar

Önceki Günün Adası


Agarak (, comúnmente conocido como Agarak de Ashtarak para diferenciarlo de Agarakavan) es una comunidad rural de Armenia ubicada en la provincia de Aragatsotn.

En 2009 tenía 1813 habitantes.

Posee un destacado yacimiento arqueológico, donde se hallan algunas de las obras humanas excavadas en piedra más antiguas del Cáucaso. Los yacimientos datan de la Edad del Bronce, pudiendo datarse el Agarak 1 en torno al año 3400 antes de Cristo. No obstante, el actual Agarak fue fundado en 1919 por emigrantes de Van y Bitlis.

Se ubica junto al río Amberd en el cruce de las carreteras M1 y H20, en la periferia occidental de Ashtarak.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Armenia

Agarak (Ashtarak)


Nora Marie-Theres Beatrice Elisabeth Waldstätten (), anciennement connue sous le nom de Nora von Waldstätten, est une actrice autrichienne.

Débuts
Nora von Waldstätten est née à Vienne. Elle est membre de l'ancienne noblesse autrichienne de la famille des barons de Waldstätten. Étant donné  les dispositions de la loi autrichienne sur l'élimination des titres de noblesse, qui interdisent que ce nom soit un titre noble, Nora von Waldstätten n'a utilisé ce nom que jusqu'à la fin 2016 comme nom de scène. Elle est diplômée de l'Université des Arts de Berlin en 2007. Pendant ce temps, elle a été engagée dans des productions pour le cinéma et la télévision.

Carrière

En 2004, elle se fait connaître pour son rôle dans  de María Sólrún Sigurðardóttir, et en 2005 auprès d'un large public grâce à sa participation à la série policière télévisée Tatort. Pour sa performance dans la série, elle a reçu le New Faces Award de Bunte en 2009. De plus, elle a été honorée en 2010 au festival du film Max Ophüls Award pour le film  (Force d'attraction) en tant que meilleure jeune actrice. Sur le plan international, elle est apparue dans le rôle de Magdalena Kopp dans le biopic d'Olivier Assayas Carlos, qui a été célébré au Festival de Cannes 2010 et a reçu un Golden Globe en 2011. En 2011, elle est apparue dans un court métrage en témoignage de l'embouteilleur de boissons autrichien . En 2012, elle a joué dans l'adaptation télévisée internationale du roman Monde sans fin de Ken Follett et en 2015 dans la série télévisée autrichienne Altes Geld. En 2016, elle a joué dans Personal Shopper avec Kristen Stewart et Lars Eidinger qui a remporté le prix du meilleur réalisateur pour Olivier Assayas au Festival de Cannes.

Nora Waldstätten vit désormais à Berlin. Depuis 2007, elle y a joué au Deutsches Theater dans plusieurs productions. En 2010, elle apparaît également dans deux pièces de théâtre au Schauspiel Köln.

Filmographie partielle

Au cinéma

 2004 :  de María Sólrún Sigurðardóttir : Mona
 2004 :  : Mavi (court métrage)
 2005 :  (Falscher Bekenner) : Katja Fichtner
 2006 :  : Clara (court métrage)
 2007 :  : Kaz Hauser
 2008 :  d'Irene von Alberti : Pia
 2008 :  : Ex Girlfriend (court métrage)
 2009 :  de Marc Rensing : Hannah
 2009 :  (Schwerkraft) de  : Nadine
 2009 :  : Kati von Kraj
 2010 : Carlos d'Olivier Assayas : Magdalena Kopp
 2013 :  : Sonja
 2014 :  (Clouds of Sils Maria) d'Olivier Assayas : actrice dans un film de science-fiction
 2014 :  de Mike Marzuk : Cassi
 2015 :  de Stephan Rick : Lucille
 2015 :  de Wolfgang Murnberger : Dr. Irrsiegler
 2016 :  d'Olivier Assayas : Kyra
 2017 :  de Ed Herzog : Elisabeth Mayerhofer
 2017 : La Tête à l'envers (Wilde Maus) de Josef Hader : Redakteurin Fitz
 2018 :  de Ed Herzog : Elisabeth Mayerhofer
 2019 :  (Lands of Murders) : Katharina Kraft
 2021 :  de Ed Herzog : Elisabeth Mayerhofen

À la télévision
 2012 : Un monde sans fin (World Without End) de Michael Caton-Jones : Gwenda
 2014 - en cours : Meurtres en eaux troubles (Die Toten vom Bodensee) d'Andreas Linke, Hannu Salonen, Michel Schneider… : Hannah Zeiler
 2018 : Les Rivières pourpres de Jean-Christophe Grangé : Laura von Geyesberg
 2019 : 8 Jours (8 Tage) de Stefan Ruzowitzky et Michael Krummenacher :  Marion
 2020 : The New Pope (litt. « le nouveau pape ») de Paolo Sorrentino : la sœur Lisette

Distinctions

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en décembre 1981
Actrice autrichienne de télévision
Actrice autrichienne de théâtre
Actrice autrichienne de cinéma
Naissance à Vienne (Autriche)

Nora Waldstätten


Le lac Nong Fa ou lac Nongphatom (litt. lac bleu) est un lac né d'un cratère volcanique situé dans les montagnes du , dans la province d'Attapeu, au sud-est du Laos, dans la , à environ  de la frontière vietnamienne et à 170 d'Attapeu À une altitude de , la profondeur maximale du lac serait de , bien que les habitants aient affirmé que la profondeur est inconnue, après avoir tenté en vain de mesurer la profondeur avec des perches de bambou.

Pendant la guerre du Vietnam, il a été utilisé par les Nord-Vietnamiens comme halte pour les soldats blessés sur la  piste Hô Chi Minh ainsi que par les pilotes américains qui l'ont enregistré comme point de navigation et l'ont appelé "Dollar Lake" parce qu'il était rond .

La légende veut qu'il serait hanté par une créature de cochon-serpent qui mange ceux qui nagent dans ses profondeurs, qu'il renfermerait des diamants et que s'y baigner permettrait d'atteindre la jeunesse éternelle.

Le lac est entouré de pinèdes

Références

Liens externes

Province d'Attapeu
Nong Fa

Lac Nong Fa


"බාස්කින්-රොබින්ස්" මාලාවක් අයිස් ක්රීම් ආයතන ස්වභාවය ගෝලීය බව, බර්ට් බාස්කින් වේ සහ Irv රොබින්ස් 1953 දී පිහිටුවන ලදී. අයිස් ක්රීම් නිෂ්පාදනය කරන කවර Glendale, කැලිෆෝනියාවේ. සමාගම 5,800 ක අයිස්ක්රීම්, 2,800 වන ශාඛා විශාල එක්සත් ජනපදය ලබා ගත විය සමග ලෝකයේ බොහෝ විශේෂඥ පරාසයක වේ. Baskin Robbins ලොව පුරා රටවල් 30 කට අධික සංඛ්යාවක් අයිස් ක්රීම් බෙදා හැරීම වේ. සමාගම කැන්ටන්, මැසචුසෙට්ස් හි පිහිටුවා ගන්නා ලදී.

මෙම සමාගම විසින්  "රසයන් 31" යන ප්‍රචාරණ පාඨය භාවිතා කරන බව දන්නා කරුණක් වන අතර, එසේ කිරීමට හේතුව පාරිභෝගිකයන් හට මාසයක් තුල එක් එක් දිනයන් තුලදී වෙනස් රසයන් අත්විඳිය හැකිය යන අදහස ඉදිරිපත් කිරීමටය.

ජාත්‍යන්තර

එ.ජ. වෙතින් පිටත රටවල් 50ක පමණ වෙළෙඳසැල් 7,300 ක් පමණ බෑස්කින්-රොබින්ස් සතුව ඇති අතර, මෙම රටවල් අතර  ආර්මේනියාව, ඇරුබා, ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව, අසර්බයිජාන්, බහරේන්, බංග්ලාදේශය, බෙලාරූස්, කැනඩාව, චීනය, කොලොම්බියාව, කුරකාවෝ, ඩෙන්මාර්කය, ඩොමිනිකන් ජනරජය, ඉක්වදෝරය, ඊජිප්තුව, ජෝර්ජියාව, හොන්ඩූරස්, ඉන්දියාව, ඉන්දුනීසියාව, අයර්ලන්තය, ජපානය, කසක්ස්තානය, කුවේටය, ලැට්වියාව, ලෙබනනය, මලයාසියාව, මාලදිවයින, මුරුසිය, මෙක්සිකෝව, නේපාලය, ඕමානය, පැනමාව, පිලිපීනය, පෘතුගාලය, පුවටෝ රිකෝ, කාටාර්, රුසියාව, සවුදි අරාබියාව, සිංගප්පූරුව, දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව, දකුණු කොරියාව, ස්පාඤ්ඤය, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, සින්ට් මාර්ටන්, තායිවානය, තායිලන්තය, යුක්‍රේනය, එක්සත් අරාබි එමිරේට්ස්, එක්සත් රාජධානිය, වියට්නාමය සහ යෙමනය වෙති.

බාහිර සබැඳි
 බාස්කින්-රොබින්ස් නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය

 ඩුන්කින් බ්රෑන්ඩ්ස්

බාස්කින්-රොබින්ස්


වෙස් මුහුණු කලාව  සිංහල ජනතාවගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික කලාවකි.මෙය  උඩරට, පහතරට, සබරගමු  ආදී නර්තන සම්ප්‍රදායන් සමඟ සබැඳිය.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව වෙස් මුහුණු සඳහා ඉතාමත් ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් උසුලන්නා වූ දිවයිනක් වේ. මෙම වෙස් මුහුණු කලාවේ ඉතිහාසය කොතරම් අතීතයට දිව යන්නේ දැයි අපට සාධාරණව කිව නොහැකි වුවත් අනුමාන වශයෙන් එය ශත වර්ෂ කිහිපයක් පමණ ඉපැරණි බැව් කිව හැක. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මුතුන් මිත්තන් ලෙස සැලකෙන වැදි ජනතාව සමඟ ද මෙම වෙස් මුහුණු බැදී පැවතුනුබව ඔවුන්ගේ ඉතිහාසය විමසීමේ දී පෙනී යන කරණකි. ඔවුන්ගේ පූජා කර්ම සිදු කිරීම සඳහා ඔවුන් විසින්ම තමාගේ ශරීරය සහ මුහුණ පාට කරගත් බවට එම ඉතිහාසය සාක්ෂි දරයි.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වෙස් මුහුණු කලාව විවිධාකාර වූ සංස්කෘතිකාංගයන් නිරූපනය කරන බව නොරහසකි. එසේම එම වෙස් මුහුණු කලාව ආසියාවේ සංස්කෘතිය ඔප් නැංවීමට සාධාරණ දායකත්වයක් ද ලබා දී ඇත.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වෙස් මුහුණු සඳහා ප්‍රසිදිධ වූ නගරයක් ලෙස දකුණු පළාතේ පිහිටි අම්බලන්ගෙඩ දැක්විය හැක. කෙසේ වෙතත් මෙම නගරය වෙස් මුහුණු කැටයම් කිරීම සඳහා පමණක් නොව වෙස් මුහුණු අලෙවි කිරීම සඳහා ද ඉතාමත් ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් උසුලයි. විදේශීය සංචාරකයන් අතර ද මෙම අම්බලන්ගොඩ ප්‍රදේශයේ වෙස් මුහුණු ඉතාමත් ජනප්‍රය වී තිබේ. මෙම නවීන වෙස් මුහුණු දීප්තිමත් වර්ණ යොදා අලංකාර කර තිබෙනු දක්නට ලැබෙන අතර එය සංචාරකයින්  වෙස් මුහුණු අලෙවිය සඳහා ඇද ගැනීමට උපක්‍රමයක් ලෙස ද යොදාගෙන තිබේ.මෙම වෙස් මුහුණු වර්ණ ගැන්වීම සඳහා ස්වභාවික වර්ණ බෙහෝ විට යොදාගනු ලබන අතර එය එම වෙස් මුහුණු වල ස්වභාවිකත්වය සහ සංස්කෘතික බව ඔප් නංවන්නට ඉමහත් රුකුලක් වී තිබේ.
මෙම වෙස් මුහුණු බොහෝ විට යොදාගනු ලබන්නේ නොයෙකුත් අදෘශ්‍යමාන බලවේග සදහායි. යක්ෂයන් දෙවියන් වැනි අදෘශ්‍යමාන බලවේග පිදීම පිළිබඳ ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් උසුලන දූපතක් ලෙස ශ්‍රී ලංකාව දැක්විය හැක.

වෙස්මුහුණු වර්ග
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාවිතා කරන වෙස් මුහුණු වර්ග හතකට පමණ බෙදිය හැකි වේ.

ශාන්ති කර්ම
ලංකාවේ ශාන්ති කර්ම සඳහා යොදාගනු ලබන වෙස් මුහුණු කිහිප ලෙසකට මූලිකව වර්ග කල හැක.

1.පුරා වෘත්ත හෙවත් මිත්‍යා විශ්වාස සඳහා යොදාගනු ලබන වෙස් මුහුණු

2.මිනිස් සහ සත්ව ආත්ම සඳහා යොදාගනු ලබන වෙස් මුහුණු

මෙම වෙස් මුහුණු යොදා ගනිමින් කරනු ලබන ශාන්ති කර්ම අතරින් සන්නි යකුම ඉතාමත් ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් උසුලනු ලබයි. මෙහිදී සියලුම යක්ෂයින්ට පිළිවෙලින් පූජා කරනුලබන අතර ඔවුන් වෙනුවෙන් විවිධාකාරවූ පිළිවෙත් ද යොදාගනු ලබයි. මෙය සන්නි යකුම හෙවත් දහ අට සන්නිය නමින් ද ව්‍යවහාර කරනු ලබයි.
මෙම සන්නියකුම සදහා පදනම් වූ අතීත කතා වෘතාන්තයක් අපට අසන්නට ලැබේ. එය නම් දඹදිව සංඛපාල රජුගේ කතාවයි. මෙම පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව එදා පටන් සන්නි රෝග සඳහා ඇදුරන් විසින් ඒ ඒ සන්නි යකුන්ගේ නාමයෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වනු ලබයි. මෙම සන්නි යකුමට අයත් නැටුම් කොටස් ලෙස

සැන්දෑ සමයම
යහන් දැක්ම
සොළොස් පාලිය

ආදිය දැකිවිය හැක.

මෙම සන්නි යකුම හෙවත් දහඅට සන්නියේ සන්නි දහ අට පහත දැක්වෙන පරිදි වේ.

1.භූත සන්නිය
2.අභූත සන්නිය
3.අමුක්කු සන්නිය
4.වෙඩි සන්නිය
5.වාත සන්නිය
6.කණ සන්නිය

7.පිත් සන්නිය
8.බිහිරි සන්නිය
9.ගොලු සන්නිය
10.මුර්තු සන්නිය
11.දෙමළ සන්නිය
12.නාග සන්නිය

13.කොර සන්නිය
14.ගිනිජල සන්නිය
15.ගුල්ම සන්නිය
16.සීතල සන්නිය
17.දේව සන්නිය
18.කෝල සන්නිය

පහත රට නර්තන සම්ප්‍රදාය සැලකීමේ දී මේ ආකාරයෙන් පෙළපාලි ප්‍රමාණයක් දක්නට ලැබෙන ශාන්ති කර්මයක් ලෙස මෙම සන්නියකුම දැක්විය හැක.

සිංහල සාම්ප්‍රදායික වෙස් මුහුණු


Habilli, Samsun ilinin Alaçam ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı, 1837 yılı kayıtlarında Hebilli olarak geçmektedir. Daha önceleri Doyran köyüne bağlı bir mahalle iken, 5 Haziran 1953'te köy statüsü kazandı. Habilli; daha önceleri bir köy iken, 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile yeniden mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Mahalle, Samsun il merkezine 70 km, Alaçam ilçe merkezine 11 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Galeri

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Alaçam'ın mahalleleri

Habilli, Alaçam


عيد الظهور الإلهي، عيد الغِطاس، عيد الدنح أو عيد العماد، هو عيد يحتفل المسيحيون به في السادس من كانون الثاني يناير من كل عام لذكرى معمودية يسوع في نهر الأردن على يد يوحنا المعمدان، فكما ذُكِرَ بالإنجيل «فَلَمَّا اعْتَمَدَ يَسُوعُ صَعِدَ لِلْوَقْتِ مِنَ الْمَاءِ، وَإِذَا السَّمَأوَاتُ قَدِ انْفَتَحَتْ لَهُ، فَرَأَى رُوحَ اللهِ نَازِلًا مِثْلَ حَمَامَةٍ وَآتِيًا عَلَيْهِ، وَصَوْتٌ مِنَ السَّمَأوَاتِ قَائِلًا: «هذَا هُوَ ابْني الْحَبِيبُ الَّذِي بِهِ سُرِرْتُ». (متى 16:3-17)» وهو الحدث الذي يظهر يسوع للعالم علناً، عيد الغطاس لأن عملية التعميد تتم من خلال تغطيس الطفل بالماء، وعيد الدنح كما يسميه الكلدان في العراق أو الموارنة والسريان الدِّنحُ كلمة سريانيّة، تعني الظهورَ والاعتلانَ والإشراق، تعبّر عن المعنى اللاهوتي الحقيقي لعيد الغطاس، ذكرى اعتماد يسوع في نهر الأردن من يوحنا المعمدان.

ومن أبرز مظاهر العيد في المجتمعات الدول ذات الطابع الأرثوذكسي مثل روسيا وبلغاريا واليونان وإسطنبول أن يُلقى صليب في البحر ويقوم شاب بالغوص لاسترجاعه والغطس في بِرك المياه المتجمدة. ومن مظاهر الاحتفالات في إسبانيا وأمريكا اللاتينية خاصًة في كل من المكسيك والأرجنتين تقديم الهدايا من قبل المجوس الثلاثة ويرافق تقديم المجوس الثلاثة الهدايا مواكب واحتفالات ضخمة ترافقه موسيقى عيد الميلاد والزينة والأضواء والمفرقعات. وتقوم لا بيفانا وهي مماثلة لأسطورة سانتا كلوز أو بابا نويل في الثقافة الإيطالية بتقديم الهدايا للأطفال في ليلة 6 يناير من كل عام.

التأثيل واستخدام الكلمة
كلمة عيد الغطاس أو الظهور الإلهي مأخوذة من الكلمة اليونانية العامية  والتي تعني التجلِّي أو الظُّهور. وهي مشتقة من الفعل اليوناني  والذي يعني «ليظهر». في اليونانية الكلاسيكية كانت الكلمة تستخدم لظهور الفجر، ولكن بشكل خاص لظهور/تجلي الإله لعابديه (الظهور الإلهي). وفي الترجمة السبعينية للكتاب المقدس، تُستخدم الكلمة للتعبير عن تجلي إله إسرائيل (). واستخدمت الكلمة في العهد الجديد في  للإشارة إما إلى ولادة المسيح أو إلى ظهوره بعد قيامته، وخمس مرات للإشارة إلى مجيئه الثاني أو ظهوره الثاني.

ومن بين الأسماء البديلة للعيد في اليونانية تسمية لثيوفانيا ، ويوم الأنوار  وهي صيغة حديثة، وأيضًا، تا فوتا  وتعني «الأضواء».

العادات الوطنية والمحلية

بلغاريا

جرت العادة في بلغاريا، أن يُحتفل بعيد الغطاس في 6 يناير ويعرف باسم بوجويافليني (تجلي الله) أو معمودية الرب  أو يوردانوفدين وتعني «يوم الأردن»، في إشارة إلى النهر. في هذا اليوم، يرمي القس صليبًا خشبيًا في البحر أو النهر أو البحيرة فيسارع الشباب لاستعادته. وبما إنَّ التاريخ في أوائل شهر يناير والمياه على وشك التجمد، فإن هذا الفعل يعتبر عملًا مشرفًا ويقال إنَّ الصحة الجيدة ستمنح لعائلة أول مَن سيصل إلى الصليب من المتنافسين الشباب.

وفي مدينة ، تُعزف موسيقى تقليدية راقصة اسمها  مع قرع على الطبول ونفخ في آلة مزمار القربة في المياه الجليدية لنهر  قبل رمي الصليب في الماء.

البرازيل
في البرازيل، يُطلق على هذا اليوم اسم «يوم الملوك»  وفي باقي أمريكا اللاتينية، يُطلق عليه اسم  ذكرى وصول المجوس لتأكيد أن يسوع هو ابن الله. تُعرف ليلة الخامس من يناير حتى صباح يوم 6 يناير باسم «ليلة الملوك» (وتسمى أيضًا الليلة الثانية عشرة) ويُحتفل بها بالموسيقى والحلويات والأطباق الإقليمية مثل آخر ليلة للميلاد، حيث توضع، تقليديًّا، زينة عيد الميلاد بعيدًا.

مراجع

انظر أيضًا
 ليلة عيد الغطاس
 طبشرة الباب
 زمن الميلاد.
 عيد الميلاد.
 معمودية يسوع.
 المجوس الثلاثة.
 لا بيفانا.

مواقع خارجية
 مقدمة حول عيد الغطاس.
 عيد الغطاس أو الظهور الإلهي الذي تحتفل به الكنيسة التقليدية؟.
 نشيد عيد الظهور الإلهي (الغطاس).

تراث يوناني
زمن الميلاد
عبارات مسيحية
عطلات رسمية في السويد
عطلات رسمية في اليونان
عطلات رسمية في إيطاليا
عطلات رسمية في بولندا
عطلات رسمية في فنلندا
عطلات رسمية في كرواتيا
مناسبات يناير

عيد الظهور الإلهي


Die Ampfrach ist ein Bach von unter 11 km Länge auf der Frankenhöhe im westlichen Landkreis Ansbach in Bayern, der bei Feuchtwangen-Reichenbach von rechts und Nordwesten in die Wörnitz mündet.

Geographie

Verlauf
Die Ampfrach entspringt auf etwa  einer Quelle etwa einen Kilometer westlich des Ortsrandes von Schnelldorf-Grimmschwinden, die nördlich des Simonsbergs an der Basis einen kleinen östlichen Waldvorsprungs liegt. Sie fließt von hier bis zur Mündung sehr beständig in ostsüdöstlicher Richtung.

Nach Passieren von Grimmschwinden an der Südseite des Dorfes nimmt sie vor dem Eintritt in den Ortsbereich von Schnelldorf selbst von rechts einen kurzen Zufluss auf, der zuvor eine Kette von Teichen speist, darunter den Birkweiher. Nach Schnelldorf unterquert der Bach gleich die Bahnstrecke Crailsheim–Nürnberg und läuft dann durchs Naturschutzgebiet Ampfrachsee, in dem er erst von rechts den 1,8 km langen Moritzbach von rechts aufnimmt, gleich darauf von links den 2,8 km langen Heckelbach, dessen namenloser und längerer linker Oberlauf am Südfuß des Hornbergs entspringt und vor seinem Zulauf an der Bundesautobahn 6 den Badesee Erlensee speist. Anschließend durchfließt die Ampfrach den Ampfrachsee.

Beim Ausfluss erfährt sie dann bald auf  auf einem sehr schlingenreichen Abschnitt Zulauf vom Pfeifenbuck im Norden durch den 3,1 km langen Aubach. Am Ortsrand von Unterampfrach endet dieser Abschnitt vorerst und die Ampfrach zweigt nach rechts einen Nebengraben Katzenbach ab, in welchen gleich der 2,5 km lange Altweiherbach einmündet, der westlich von Ransbach an der Holzecke entsteht. Nach Durchqueren des zum größeren Teil rechts liegenden Dorfs Unterampfrach läuft der nun wieder mäandrierende Bach unter der A 7 hindurch und nimmt dann erst von links und aus dem Norden den Gröhrichtbach (2,3 km), gleich darauf von Westsüdwesten den Rotbach (3,2 km) auf, der am Südrand von Haundorf entsteht. Der Bachlauf ist inzwischen Grenze zwischen der Gemeinde Schnelldorf und dem Gebiet der Stadt Feuchtwangen. Kurz vor dem Zulauf des rechten, 3,0 km langen Holderbachs wenig danach tritt er ganz auf Feuchtwanger Gebiet über.

Weniger als einen halben Kilometer weiter talab mündet die Ampfrach dann nach einem Lauf von 10,6 km an der Nordseite der Staatsstraße 1066 von rechts und Ostnordosten gegenüber von Feuchtwangen-Reichenbach auf etwa  in die obere Wörnitz, wenige Meter nördlich der Wörnitzbrücke der Staatsstraße 1066. Sie hat von Quelle zur Mündung ein mittleres Sohlgefälle von etwa 2,9 ‰, auf dem noch 6,7 km Abschnitt vom Zufluss des Heckelbachs bis zu ihrer Mündung eines von nur noch etwa 1,6 ‰ und zeigt damit den für die donauwärts laufenden Gewässer in der Region typischen flachen Verlauf.

Einzugsgebiet
Es umfasst 30,5 km², liegt im Naturraum Frankenhöhe und umfasst zum überwiegenden Teil und in seinen flachen und offenen Partien einen Teil von dessen Unterraum Wörnitzbecken sowie um die weite Ampfrach-Talbucht herum meist bewaldete Randberge im Unterraum Crailsheimer Hardt (im weiteren Sinne). An der Nordspitze des Gebietes steht der Hornberg, dessen Gipfel mit  der höchste Punkt der gesamten Frankenhöhe ist.

Entlang der Westgrenze des Einzugsgebietes zieht die Europäische Hauptwasserscheide zwischen dem Schwarzmeer-Zufluss Donau diesseits, in welche über die Wörnitz die Ampfrach entwässert, und dem Einzugsgebiet der Jagst jenseits, die über den Neckar und den Rhein in die Nordsee abfließt. Die kürzere Grenze vom Hornberg an in Richtung Südosten scheidet vom Einzugsgebiet des oberen Wörnitz-Zuflusses Waldhausener Mühlbach.

Dem längeren Abschnitt der Großwasserscheide im Südwesten folgt in nirgends großer Entfernung die Landesgrenze von Bayern zu Baden-Württemberg. Der weit überwiegende Teil des Einzugsgebietes gehört zur Gemeinde Schnelldorf, ein kleiner mündungsnaher auch zum ausgedehnten Gebiet der Stadt Feuchtwangen, welche beide im Landkreis Ansbach liegen.

Die Ampfrach hat mit ihren Zuflüssen eine sehr flache Talbucht geschaffen, die, von schmalen Streifen um die Bäche und Gräben mit Grünland abgesehen, überwiegend unterm Pflug steht.

Aus Württemberg im Westen kommend, ziehen die Bundesautobahn 6 und die Bahnstrecke Crailsheim–Nürnberg west-östlich durch den oberen Teil des Tals. Die Bundesautobahn 7 quert es an seinem Übergang zur weiten Talachse der Wörnitz am unteren Lauf. Diesem folgt an der linken Seite in mehr oder weniger Abstand die als Landesstraße gleicher Nummer noch im württembergischen Michelbach an der Lücke beginnende Staatsstraße 2222 ab Schnelldorf bis zur Mündung.

Zuflüsse und Seen
Hierarchische Liste der Zuflüsse und  Seen von der Quelle zur Mündung. Mit Gewässerlänge, Seefläche, Einzugsgebiet und Höhe. Andere Quellen für die Angaben sind vermerkt. Auswahl.

Ursprung der Ampfrach auf etwa  etwa 900 Meter westlich des Ortsrandes des Schnelldorfer Dorfes Grimmschwinden am Waldsaum der Randberge.

 (Anderer Quellarm), von links und Norden auf etwa  etwa 400 Meter westlich des Ortsrandes von Grimmschwinden, ca. 0,5 km und ca. 0,5 km². Entspringt auf etwa  nordwestlich von Grimmschwinden am Fuß des Ochsenbergs (). Der Namensquellarm ist am Zusammenfluss ebenfalls ca. 0,5 km lang, hat aber ein Einzugsgebiet von schon ca. 0,6 km².
 (Zufluss), von links und Nordosten auf etwa  fast am Ortsrand von Grimmschwinden, ca. 1,0 km und ca. 1,2 km². Entsteht auf etwa  am Gewerbegebiet um die Birkenbergstraße.
  Durchfließt vier Teiche am Nordrand von Grimmschwinden von bis zu 0,2 ha. Weiter nördlich gegen den Fuß des Birkenbergs () zu liegen weitere Kleinteiche im Einzugsgebiet.
 Moritzbach, von rechts und Südwesten auf etwa  unterhalb von Schnelldorf im Naturschutzgebiet Ampfrachsee, ca. 1,8 km und ca. 2,3 km². Entsteht auf etwa  südlich des Gewerbegebietes um den Schnelldorfer Kapellweg am Waldrand unterm Kesselberg (ca. ).
 Heckelbach, von links und Nordwesten auf etwa  ebenfalls im Naturschutzgebiet Ampfrachsee, 2,8 km und 5,0 km². Entfließt auf etwa  einem Kleinteich nördlich von Schnelldorf nahe der Auffahrt auf die Bundesautobahn 6.
 Dorfgraben, von rechts und Westnordwesten auf etwa  vor Buchmühle, ca. 1,0 km und ca. 0,7 km². Entsteht auf etwa  in Schnelldorf an der Schwalbengasse.
  Durchfließt auf etwa  den eponymen Ampfrachsee im Naturschutzgebiet, etwa 3,8 ha.
 Aubach, von links und Nordnordwesten auf  vor Unterampfrach, ca. 3,1 km und ca. 2,9 km². Entsteht auf etwa  rund 1,2 km nordnordwestlich von Oberampfrach im Wald.
 Katzenbach, von rechts und Westnordwesten auf etwa  kurz nach Unterampfrach, 0,4 km und 2,9 km². Geht auf etwa  am oberen Ortsrand von Unterampfrach rechts von der Ampfrach ab.Am Ortsrand von Unterampfrach nahe der Straße Zur Dorfmühle speist dieser Zweig das Wassergrabengeviert des Burgstalls einer mittelalterliche Burg.
 Altweiherbach, von rechts und Südwesten auf etwa  gleich nach dem Abzweig des Katzenbachs, ca. 2,5 km und ca. 2,8 km². Entsteht auf etwa  vor einer Weiherkette am Waldrand westlich des Dorfes Ransbach an der Holzecke von Schnelldorf.
 Gröhrichtbach, von links und Nordwesten auf etwa  unterhalb von Unterampfrach östlich der Bundesautobahn 7, ca. 2,3 km und ca. 2,0 km². Entsteht auf etwa  nördlich von Unterampfrach am Südosthang des Bergmann ().
 Rotbach, von rechts und Westsüdwesten auf etwa  kurz nach dem vorigen, 3,2 km und 3,3 km². Entsteht auf etwa  wenig östlich des Weilers Altersberg.
 Kränzleinsbach, von links und Westen auf etwa  nordöstlich von Haundorf, ca. 2,5 km und ca. 1,2 km². Entsteht auf etwa  wenig nördlich von Altersberg.
 Holderbach, von rechts und Südwesten auf etwa  südlich des Feuchtwangener Dorfs Bergnerzell, 3,0 km und 2,6 km². Entsteht auf etwa  südlich von Haundorf im Haundorfer Holz.
  Durchfließt auf etwa 463 und  unmittelbar nacheinander zwei Teiche bei der Holdermühle, ca. 2,2 ha und ca. 1,4 ha.
  Durchfließt auf etwa  einen Teich kurz vor der Mündung nun schon auf dem Gebiet der Stadt Feuchtwangen, ca. 0,6 ha.

Mündung der Ampfrach von rechts und Westnordwesten auf ca.  in die obere Wörnitz südlich von Bergnerzell und gegenüber von Reichenbach. Der Bach ist 10,5 km lang und hat ein Einzugsgebiet von 30,6 km².

Ortschaften

Die folgenden Ortschaften und Siedlungsplätze tiefster Schachtelungsstufe liegen am Lauf:
 Landkreis Ansbach
 Gemeinde Schnelldorf
 Grimmschwinden (Dorf, links)
 Schnelldorf (Dorf und Gemeindesitz, mit Schwerpunkt links)
 Buchmühle (Siedlungsplatz, links in der Aue am Heckelbach)
 Fuchsenhof (Siedlungsplatz, links in etwas Abstand am Hang)
 Auhof (Siedlungsplatz, links in etwas Abstand am Hang)
 Stollenhof (Siedlungsplatz, rechts)
 Unterampfrach (Pfarrdorf, mit Schwerpunkt rechts)
 Belznershof (Siedlungsplatz, links in wenig Abstand am Hang)
 Hilpertsweiler (Weiler, zum Teil rechts in etwas Abstand am Hang)
 Stadt Feuchtwangen
 (ohne Besiedlung am Lauf)

Geologie
Das Einzugsgebiet der Ampfrach liegt zur Gänze im Mittelkeuper der Frankenhöhe. In der weiten Talebene steht hierbei Gipskeuper (Grabfeld-Formation) an, während die Randhöhen darum herum sich im Sandsteinkeuper darüber erheben. Schon unterhalb von Schnelldorf läuft die Ampfrach in einem breiten Auensedimentband.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Zuflüsse der Wörnitz

Einzelnachweise

BayernAtlas ("BA")
Amtliche Online-Gewässerkarte mit passendem Ausschnitt und den hier benutzten Layern: Lauf und Einzugsgebiet der Ampfrach
Allgemeiner Einstieg ohne Voreinstellungen und Layer:
Höhe:

Länge:

EZG:

Seefläche:

Sonstige:

Gewässerverzeichnis Bayern ("GV")
Länge:

EZG:

Literatur
 Amtliche Topographische Karte 1:25.000 des Landesamtes für Digitalisierung, Breitband und Vermessung Bayern, ATK25-H06 Leutershausen und ATK25-I06 Dinkelsbühl
 Amtliche Topographische Karte 1:25.000 Baden-Württemberg Nord, als Einzelblatt Nr. 6726 Rot am See, Nr. 6727 Schillingsfürst, Nr. 6826 Crailsheim und Nr. 6827 Feuchtwangen

Weblinks
 Karte von Verlauf und Einzugsgebiet der Ampfrach auf:

Fließgewässer im Landkreis Ansbach
Geographie (Schnelldorf)
Geographie (Feuchtwangen)
Frankenhöhe

Ampfrach


Flamingo çiçeği (Anthurium scherzerianum), yılanyastığıgiller (Araceae) familyasından uzun sapları ve belirgin damarlı koyu yeşil yaprakları ile kırmızı, turuncu, ve beyaz renkli büyük çiçek tablaları olan bitki türü.

Amerika'nın tropik bölgelerine özgü olan bu türün çok gösterişli yaprakları vardır. Uzun ömürlü, göz alıcı çiçeklerinin olması yetiştirilme nedenidir. Her zaman yeşil olan bitkilerdendir. Dekoratif yaprak ve çiçekleriyle sera ve salonlarda kullanılır. Ayrıca çiçekleri kesme çiçek olarak da kullanılır.

Ekolojik özellikleri

Sıcak ve gölge aynı zamanda nemli ortamları severler. Kış aylarında en düşük sıcaklık 16 C°, yaz aylarında optimum 21-27 C° arasında olmalıdır. Gelişme döneminde ise yarı aydınlık nisbi nemi yüksek ortam ister.

Yetiştirme ve bakım
Saksı toprağı, geçirgen ve mineral maddece zengin olmalıdır. Toprak harcında mineralce zengin bahçe toprağı, yarı çürümüş yaprak ve gübre karışımı, torf, az miktarda nehir kumu, bir miktar saksı kırığı ve çam ağaçlarının ibrelerinin ilavesiyle hazırlanır.

Gübreleme çiçeklenme zamanında haftada bir kere yapılır. Sulamaya suyu kireçsiz olmalıdır (yağmur suyu). Salonda yetiştiriliyorsa nisbi nemi korumak için yapraklara sık sık kireçsiz su püskürtülmelidir. Saksının dibinde su birikmemelidir. Mart ayından Kasım ayına kadar bol sulama yapılmalıdır. Sulama kış aylarında az yapılmalı ancak saksı toprağı hiçbir zaman kuru olmamalıdır.

Üretimi
Tohum veya sürgünlerle üretilir. Tohumla üretimde ilkbaharda kum ve sphagnum yosununa kasalara ekilir. 27 C° sıcaklık ister. Kasa üzeri cam ile kapatılır. Sürgünle üretimde bitkinin yanında meydana gelen sürgünlerin köklendikten sonra ayrılması ile Mart ve Nisan aylarında yapılır. Kök oluşturan yavru bitkiler keskin bir bıçakla alınır.

Ayrıca bakınız
Anthurium tür listesi

Anthurium

Flamingo çiçeği


Pechina, İspanya'nın on yedi özerk bölgesinden en kalabalık ikinci bölge olan Endülüs'e bağlı; İspanya'nın güneyinde bulunan Almería eyaletine bağlı belediye. 2009 yılındaki nüfusu; 3,690 kişidir. Belediye, 46 km²'lik bir alanı kaplamaktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynak: INE (Spain)

Dış bağlantılar
  Pechina - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
  Pechina - Diputación Provincial de Almería

Pechina


A biotecnologia azul (também conhecida como biotecnologia marinha) é um tipo de biotecnologia em que há utilização de recursos da biodiversidade marinha, visando o desenvolvimento de novos produtos.

As aplicações biotecnológicas relacionadas aos organismos de origem marinha se transformaram em uma atividade em crescimento ao nível mundial, com retorno promissor tanto comercial como em termos de soluções inovadoras

Em suma, a biotecnologia azul é entendida como aquela que explora os recursos marinhos para obter produtos, como os biocombustíveis a partir de algumas microalgas.

O crescente interesse pelos organismos marinhos também se deve às moléculas bioativas potentes que produzem, isso porque vivem em ambientes extremos, com bastante diferencial ambiental (pressão, temperatura, iluminação, salinidade, oxigenação, entre outros).

Biotecnologia

Biotecnologia azul


Deux sous-marins de la Marine indienne ont porté successivement le nom de INS Vela, d'après le nom d'un poisson indien de l'espèce de raie pastenague connue pour son agressivité et son pouvoir offensif, et sa capacité à se camoufler contre les prédateurs :

 L', le navire de tête de la classe Vela, lancé en 1972 et désarmé en 2010.
 L', le quatrième navire du premier lot de six sous-marins de classe Kalvari, lancé en 2019 et actuellement en service.

Notes et références

Nom de bateau de la Marine indienne

INS Vela


අධිරාජිනියට අමතරව ටෑං චීනයේ අධිරාජකීය බිසෝවරු ශ්‍රේණි අටකට හෝ නවයකට අනුව සංවිධානය වී සිටියහ. "මාලිග නිලධාරීන්" (宮官) ලෙස හැඳින්වුණු නිලධාරීනට විරුද්ධ අයුරින් ඔවුනව, "ඇතුළු නිලධාරීන්" (內官) ලෙස හැඳින්විණි.

662දී, පදවි තාවකාලිකව වෙනස් කෙරුණේ ස්ත්‍රීවාදී සහ නොගැඹුරු ගුණාංග ඉන් අරුත් නොගැන්වෙන සේ ය. මෙම ස්ත්‍රීවාදී වෙනස 670 දොළොස්වන මාසයේ දී යළි ප්‍රතිවර්ත්‍ය කෙරිණි. මෙම අවස්ථා දෙකෙහිම එයට හේතු වූ කරුණු නිල වාර්තාවල පැහැදිළි කොට නොමැත. කෙසේනමුත්, ඇතැම් විද්වතුන් සැකපහළ කරන්නේ මෙය වූ අධිරාජිනිය විසින් ඇගේ සැමියාට කළ යෝජනාවක් බවයි.

පසුකාලීන ඉතිහාසය සඳහා, චීනයේ අධිරාජකීය බිසෝවරුන්ගේ ශ්‍රේණි බලන්න.

මේවාත් බලන්න
 අගබිසව
 ටෑං රාජවංශය

ආශ්‍රේයයන්
 The table is after Wu Jo-shui's "Empress Wu and Proto-Feminist Sentiments in T'ang China," in Imperial Rulership and Cultural Change in Traditional China. Seattle: University of Washington press, pp. 77-116.

ටෑං චීනයේ අධිරාජකීය බිසෝවරු


Die Hochspannungsleitung zur Insel Zhoushan ist eine 2009–2010 errichtete 220-kV-Leitung zur chinesischen Insel Zhoushan. Sie verläuft über mehrere Inseln. Südlich der Insel Damao hat sie das längste Spannfeld mit einer Weite von 2700 Metern und verwendet hierzu die zweithöchsten Hochspannungsmasten der Welt mit einer Höhe von 370 Metern und einem Gewicht von 5999 Tonnen. Wenige Kilometer nördlich davon wurde 2018 für eine weitere Hochspannungsleitung zwischen Zhoushan und Ningbo ein 380 Meter hoher Mast fertiggestellt.

Koordinaten der Masten

Weblinks
 Beschreibung auf einer Seite von China Power Investment Corporation (chinesisch)
 Bilder vom Bau der Pylone

Einzelnachweise

Hochspannungsfreileitung
Zhoushan
Bauwerk in Zhejiang
Ningbo
Zhoushan
Versorgungsbauwerk in Asien

Hochspannungsleitung zur Insel Zhoushan


Bei der Wasserburg Hainhausen, in alten Urkunden im 12. Jahrhundert auch Burg Haginhusen genannt, handelte es sich um die Stammburg der frühen Herren von Eppstein in Rodgau. Nachdem die Burg im 14. Jahrhundert verlassen wurde, verfiel sie, wurde als Steinbruch benutzt und ist heute als Bodendenkmal nicht mehr sichtbar.

Geografische Lage

Die Niederungsburg stand in den Feuchtwiesen an der heutigen Burgstraße im Rodgauer Stadtteil Hainhausen, von Rodau, Mühl- und Wallgraben umflossen. Sie war im frühen 12. Jahrhundert errichtet worden und diente als Wohnturm der Herren von Hausen (später Hagenhusen oder Haginhusen), wie sich die Eppsteiner bis zu ihrem Umzug nach Eppstein im Taunus nannten.

In unmittelbarer Nähe befand sich die einzige Wassermühle Hainhausens, die bis 1866 betrieben wurde. Es ist unklar, ob sie schon zur Zeit der Burg bestand. Eine Mühle in Hohenhusen, die in einem Lehensverzeichnis der Eppsteiner von 1189 genannt ist, lässt sich nicht zweifelsfrei dem Ort Hainhausen zuordnen. Sicher nachgewiesen ist die Hainhäuser Mühle erst 1551. Mühlen- und Nebengebäude wurden 1998 abgerissen.

Alte Flurnamen wie "Bergwiesen" und überlieferte Bezeichnungen wie "Wallgraben" und "Schlossplatz" erinnern an die frühere Burg. Ein erster Hinweis auf den genauen Standort ergab sich am 14. September 1868 bei der Vertiefung des Mühlgrabens. Dabei wurde ein rundes Fundament mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 11 Metern und einer Mauerstärke von 2,25 Metern entdeckt.

Forschung
Die 900-Jahr-Feier Hainhausens (2008) weckte den Wunsch, nach Überresten der Burg zu forschen. In den Jahren 2010 und 2011 ließ der Geschichts- und Kulturverein Hainhausen auf den Feuchtwiesen südöstlich des ehemaligen Mühlengeländes geophysikalische Prospektionen auf einer Fläche von rund 2.000 Quadratmetern durchführen. Die 2012 veröffentlichten Ergebnisse wiesen in geringer Tiefe massive Strukturen mit geraden Kanten und rechten Winkeln nach. Die 1968 veröffentlichte Annahme, es handle sich um einen runden Wehrturm aus der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts und somit um eine Erweiterung einer bestehenden Burg, wurde durch die Bodenuntersuchung in Frage gestellt.

Ausgrabungen in dem prospektierten Areal unter Leitung der Unteren Denkmalschutzbehörde des Landkreises Offenbach begannen im August 2012 und wurden im Sommer 2013 und 2014 fortgeführt.

Erste Grabung 2012
Bei der ersten Grabung wurde eine Fläche von 14 × 10 Metern östlich des ehemaligen Mühlgrabens freigelegt. Dabei zeigte sich eine zweischalige Mauer in Nordwest-Südost-Richtung mit einer scharfen Biegung nach Südwesten, offensichtlich ein Teil einer polygonalen Ringmauer. Die Außenschalen bestanden teilweise aus zugerichteten Basaltsteinen und Buckelquadern, der Zwischenraum war mit kleineren Steinen und Mörtel gefüllt. Die Mauer war zwischen 1,20 und 2 m dick. Mehrere Eichenpfosten wurden dendrochronologisch auf Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts datiert, einer davon exakt auf das Jahr 1158. Der Innenhof war mit zerkleinertem Basalt befestigt.

Die geborgenen Fundstücke passten zu einem begüterten Haushalt. Dazu gehören eine Butzenscheibe eines Glasfensters, Bodenfliesen aus Ton und Schieferplatten des Dachs. Geweihreste in den Abfällen deuten auf adlige Bewohner hin, die das Jagdrecht besaßen. Zu den Funden der Gefäßkeramik zählen eine Schüssel aus grauer Glimmerware (erstmals im Kreis Offenbach) und zahlreiche Exemplare der rot bemalten Pingsdorfer Ware.

Zweite Grabung 2013
Im Sommer 2013 war der Boden ungewöhnlich trocken, sodass die Grabung fortgesetzt und vertieft werden konnte. Der Grabungsschnitt war kleiner als im Jahr zuvor (7 × 3 Meter). Er ermöglichte, die Ringmauer weiter nach Süden zu verfolgen und die Innenfläche der Burg zu untersuchen.

Dabei wurde ein Schwellbalken freigelegt, der die Existenz eines Fachwerkgebäudes belegt. Durch das feuchte Milieu des Bodens war der Eichenbalken gut erhalten. Er wurde dendrochronologisch auf die Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts datiert, ebenso wie die im Jahr zuvor gefundenen Holzpfosten. Im Gebäudeinneren befand sich ein Stampflehmboden. Außerhalb des Gebäudes war der Boden mit Knüppelholz befestigt und mit einer Basaltschotter bedeckt. Große Mengen an Becherkacheln belegen, dass die Burg über einen Kachelofen verfügte. Reste der Ofenkonstruktion wurden jedoch nicht gefunden.

Eine überraschende Erkenntnis ergab die archäobotanische Analyse einer Schicht aus verdichteten Pflanzenresten, die sich unterhalb des Burghofs befand: Die Burg wurde auf Torf gebaut. Bohrungen in der Nähe ergaben, dass die heutigen Feuchtwiesen bis an die Oberfläche vermoort sind. Die Torfschicht ist zwischen 80 und 110 Zentimeter mächtig. Sie ist offenbar aus einem Niedermoor entstanden, wie die Pollenanalyse ergab. Demnach gab es in der Rodau-Aue eine artenreiche Feuchtwiese mit Erlen- und Weidenbestand.

Ein auffälliges Fundstück der Grabung 2013 war ein schmales Eisenband mit versilberter Vorderseite, das mit Punzen verziert war. Nieten hielten die Einzelteile zusammen. Wozu dieses Eisenband diente, war zunächst unklar. Anhaftende Lederreste wurden noch untersucht.

Dritte Grabung 2014
Die dritte Grabung folgte der Ringmauer bis zum ehemaligen Mühlgraben. Innerhalb von drei Jahren wurden knapp 33 Meter der Burgmauer freigelegt. Als Baumaterialien dienten Basalt aus der Gegend von Mühlheim und Steinheim, Rotliegendes (Dietzenbach, Dreieich, Langen) sowie Buntsandstein und Maingeröll.

Über das oder die Gebäude innerhalb der Burg ist erst wenig bekannt. Der im Vorjahr entdeckte Schwellbalken wurde 2014 vollständig freigelegt. Er ist 5,50 Meter lang. Damit ist eine Seitenlänge des Fachwerkhauses bekannt, das unmittelbar an der Burgmauer stand. Dieses Gebäude wurde aber spätestens beim Bau des Mühlgrabens zerstört.

Literatur
 Karl Nahrgang: Stadt- und Landkreis Offenbach a. M.: Studien und Forschungen: Beihefte zum Atlas für Siedlungskunde, Verkehr, Verwaltung, Wirtschaft und Kultur, Waldemar Kramer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, verschiedene Hefte 1955–1967.
 Geschichts- und Kulturverein Hainhausen (Hrsg.): 900 Jahre Hainhausen. grafic&dtp Thomas Wex, Rodgau 2008.
 Rudolf Knappe: Mittelalterliche Burgen in Hessen. 800 Burgen, Burgruinen und Burgstätten. 3. Auflage. Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-228-6, S. 409f.
 Dagmar Kroemer, Astrid Stobbe, Tanja Zerl: Die Burg von Rodgau-Hainhausen – auf Torf gebaut. In: Hessen-Archäologe 2013. Jahrbuch für Archäologie und Paläontologie in Hessen. Theiss, Darmstadt 2014, ISBN 978-3-8062-2984-4, S. 148–152.
 Angela Metzner: Reichslandpolitik, Adel und Burgen – Untersuchungen zur Wetterau in der Stauferzeit (= Büdinger Geschichtsblätter 21). Büdingen 2008/2009, ISBN 978-3-00-026770-3, S. 145–152.
 Johann Wilhelm Christian Steiner: Geschichte und Alterthümer des Rodgaus im alten Maingau. Heyer, Darmstadt 1833.

Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen

Hainhausen
Hainhausen
Eppstein (Adelsgeschlecht)
Hainhausen
Hainhausen

Wasserburg Hainhausen


القراءة الأصعب أقوى (باللاتينية Lectio difficilior potior) مبدأ أساسي في النقد النصي. عندما تختلف المخطوطات حول قراءة كلمة يقترح هذا المبدأ أن الكلمة الأكثر غرابة هي الأرجح بأن تكون الأصلية. فالمتوقع أن يغير النساخ الكلمات الغريبة والأقوال الصعبة إلى كلمات مألوفة وعبارات أليق وليس العكس. وهذا المبدأ معيار داخلي مستقل عن معيار تقييم المخطوطة التي يوجد فيها، وينطبق على المخطوطات الرومانسية والنصوص الكتابية.

أصبح هذا المبدأ معروفا في النقد النصي للقرن الثامن عشر كجزء من محاولات عصر التنوير تقديم قاعدة حيادية لاكتشاف النص الأصلي بشكل مستقل عن قوة التقاليد. أول من أسسه يوهان ياكوب فتزتاين في طبعته لNovum Testamentum Graecum في1734 وإليه ينسب.

مراجع

 Maurice A. Robinson, 2001. "New Testament Textual Criticism: The Case for Byzantine Priority"
 D. A. Carson, 1991. "Silent in the Churches" in Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood: A Response to Evangelical Feminism, Wayne Grudem and John Piper, eds. (Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood).
 Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, rev, ed. 1995. The Text of the New Testament an Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
 Martin L. West, 1973. Textual Criticism and Editorial Technique applicable to Greek and Latin texts (Stuttgart: B.G. Teubner)

نقد كتابي
نقد نصي

القراءة الأصعب أقوى


Gate of Heaven Cemetery, approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of New York City, was established in 1917 at 10 West Stevens Ave. in Hawthorne, Westchester County, New York, as a Roman Catholic burial site. Among its famous residents is baseball player Babe Ruth, whose grave has an epitaph by Cardinal Francis Spellman and is almost always adorned by many baseballs, bats and caps. Adjacent to the Garden Mausoleum is a small train station of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Division named Mount Pleasant, where four trains stop daily, two northbound and two southbound. Several baseball players are buried here.

Notable interments
Robert Abplanalp (1922–2003), inventor of the aerosol spray valve
Fred Allen (1894–1956), actor and comedian
 Mario Biaggi (1917–2015), decorated policeman and US Congressman
Spruille Braden (1894–1978), diplomat
Ralph Branca (1926–2016), professional baseball pitcher who gave up the Shot Heard 'Round the World to Bobby Thomson in 1951
Heywood Broun (1888–1939), journalist
Alfred Bryan (1871-1958), songwriter
Ronald Paul Bucca (1954–2001), New York City Fire Department Marshal killed in the September 11 attacks
Charles A. Buckley (1890–1967), United States Representative from New York
Frances W. "Billie" Cagney, née Vernon (1899–1994), dancer and wife of James Cagney
James Cagney (1899–1986), actor
Charles J. Carroll (1882–1942), lawyer and politician
Emil A. Ciccotelli (1929–1998), Chief of Detectives New York City Police Department
Mary Higgins Clark (1927–2020), novelist
Bob Considine (1906–1975), author
Mark J. Coyle (1965–2007), political consultant
Angelo "Gyp" DeCarlo (1902–1973), mobster
Philip D'Antoni (1929–2018), film producer
Dudley Digges (1880–1947), stage and film actor
Bella Dodd (1904–1969), activist, teacher and attorney
Dorothy Donnelly (1876–1928), actress, playwright, librettist, producer and director
Jessica Dragonette (1900–1980), singer
James Farley (1888–1976), Postmaster General and advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Joseph T. Flynn (1894–1935), World War I pilot, New York State Assemblyman, lawyer
Samuel J. Foley (1891–1951), attorney, judge and Bronx County District Attorney
Bill Froats (1930–1998), baseball player
Henry Jacques Gaisman, philanthropist and inventor of the safety razor
Ralph W. Gallagher (1881–1952), chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey
Federico García Rodríguez (1859–1945), father of Federico García Lorca
Hector Guimard (1867–1942), French architect and most prominent representative of the Art Nouveau movement in France
Ernest E. L. Hammer, Administrator of the Bronx, Supreme Court Justice of the State of New York, presided over Bruno Hauptman trial for extradition in the Lindbergh baby kidnapping
Frank Hardart (1884–1972), son of founder of Horn & Hardart automat
Julie Haydon (1910–1994), actress
Martin J. Healy (1883–1942), member of the New York State Assembly and New York City Board of Aldermen
Anna Held (1872–1918), actress and singer
Portland Hoffa (1905–1990), actress
Phillips Holmes (1907–1942), actor
Phillips Holmes (1911–1942), Royal Canadian Air Force airman of World War II (lying in a Commonwealth war grave)
Bess Houdini (1876–1943), wife of magician Harry Houdini
Peter Hujar (1934–1987), photographer and artist
G. Murray Hulbert (1881–1950), United States Representative from New York
Ethel D. Jacobs (1910–2001), thoroughbred racehorse owner
Peggy Hopkins Joyce (1893–1957), actress and socialite
Arthur Judson (1881–1975), co-founder of CBS
Owen M. Kiernan (1867–1940), member of the New York State Assembly
Dorothy Kilgallen (1913–1965), journalist and television personality
Richard Kollmar (1910–1971), Broadway producer
T. Vincent Learson (1912–1996), IBM chairman and Ambassador at Large for Law of the Sea Matters
Ernesto Lecuona (1896–1963), composer and songwriter
Augustus C. Long (1904–2001), chairman of Texaco
James J. Lyons (1890–1966), Bronx Borough President from 1934 to 1962
Ann Mara (1929–2015), wife of Wellington Mara
Tim Mara (1887–1959), founder of the NFL New York Giants
Wellington Mara (1916–2005), owner of the NFL New York Giants
Billy Martin (1928–1989), Major League Baseball player/manager
Malachi Martin (1921–1999), Irish Catholic priest and writer
Anne O'Hare McCormick (1880–1954), Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist
Pat McDonald (1871–1954), Olympic champion weight-thrower
Charles B. McLaughlin (1884–1947), attorney, judge and Bronx County District Attorney
John McSherry (1944–1996), Major League Baseball umpire
Sal Mineo (1939–1976), actor
Condé Nast (1873–1942), publisher
George Jean Nathan (1882–1958), drama critic
Elliott Nugent (1896–1980), actor, director and screenwriter
John P. O'Brien (1873–1951), politician and mayor of New York City
Richard W. O'Neill (1898–1986), soldier and Medal of Honor recipient in World War I
Fulton Oursler (1893–1952), writer
Lester W. Patterson (1893–1947), Bronx assemblyman and county judge.
Westbrook Pegler (1894–1969), Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist
Justin Pierce (1975–2000), actor and skateboarder
Mike Quill (1905–1966), founder of Transport Workers Union of America
Dan Reeves (1912–1971), former owner of the NFL Los Angeles Rams
Michael Restel (1924–2014), World War II Navy Veteran
Babe Ruth (1895–1948), Hall of Fame baseball player
Claire Merritt Ruth (1900–1976), wife of baseball great Babe Ruth
Dutch Schultz (1902–1935), mobster
Charles M. Schwab (1862–1939), steel magnate (remains later moved to St. Michael Cemetery in Loretto, Pennsylvania)
Arnold Skaaland (1925–2007), professional wrestler
Spyros Skouras (1893–1971), former president of 20th Century-Fox
Lisa Steinberg (1981–1987), child murder victim
Daniel V. Sullivan (1886–1966), attorney, judge and Bronx County District Attorney
Henry Waters Taft (1859–1945), lawyer and author, brother of President William Howard Taft
Mike Tiernan (1867–1918), professional baseball player New York Giants
James H. Torrens (1874–1952), politician
Vito Valentinetti (1928–2021), Major League Baseball pitcher
Jimmy Walker (1881–1946), mayor of New York City
Bill Wendell (1924–1999), television announcer
William B. Widnall (1906–1983), former US Congressman
Malcolm Wilson (1914–2000), Governor of New York for whom the previous Tappan Zee Bridge over the Hudson River was named
Sal Yvars (1924–2008), Major League Baseball catcher

Image gallery

References

External links
Gate of Heaven Cemetery at FindAGrave.com
Gate of Heaven Cemetery at Interment.net

Cemeteries in Westchester County, New York
Roman Catholic cemeteries in New York (state)
Mount Pleasant, New York
1917 establishments in New York (state)
Cemeteries established in the 1910s

Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)


Gheorghe Coldea () este un biolog român, membru corespondent al Academiei Române din 2015.

Note

Legături externe
 Membrii Academiei Române din 1866 până în prezent – C

Nașteri în 1939
Biologi români
Membri corespondenți ai Academiei Române
Oameni de știință români în viață
Oameni din județul Cluj
Nașteri pe 16 ianuarie

Gheorghe Coldea


Områdesikring eller perimetersikring refererer til naturlige barriere eller byggede befæstninger til enten at holde uvedkommende ude - eller til at holde fanger eller dyr indespærret i et afgrænset område.

Områdesikring


LGM ya da Titan II, otomatik güdüm ve kontrol sistemiyle hedefine yönlendirilen sıvı yakıtlı, iki kademeli, roket motorlu, kıtalararası, balistik füze. Bu füze nükleer başlığa sahip olup, yer altında roketlere karşı dayanıklı olarak inşa edilmiş ve dağıtılmış silolara yerleştirilmek üzere tasarlanmıştır.

Füzeler

LGM


بورت تشيستير  هي قريةفي ولاية نيويورك الأمريكية. يبلغ عدد سكانها حسب تعداد سنة 2000: 27,867 نسمة. ويبلغ عددهم حسب تقدير 2007 حوالي:28,195 نسمة.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لبورت تشيستير في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان بورت تشيستير 27,867 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 9,531 أسرة وعدد العائلات 6,374 عائلة مقيمة في القرية. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 9,772 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للقرية بنسبة 60.70% من البيض و6.99% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.40% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و2.06% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.04% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و22.98% من الأعراق الأخرى و6.83% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و46.23% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 9,531 أسرة كانت نسبة 35.3% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 47% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 13.6% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 6.3% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 33.1% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 26.7% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 11.2% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.89، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.44.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 34.0 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 22.5% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 10.8% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 35.1% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 18.5% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 12.1% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 103.2 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 100.5 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في القرية 45,381 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 51,025 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 32,848 دولارًا مقابل 32,461 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالقرية 21,131 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 10.1% من العائلات ونسبة 13% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 15.6% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 12.6% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان بورت تشيستير 28,967 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 9,240 أسرة وعدد العائلات 6,348 عائلة مقيمة في القرية. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 10,046 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للقرية بنسبة 61.10% من البيض و6.48% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.94% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و2.06% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.04% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و24.61% من الأعراق الأخرى و4.78% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و59.35% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 9,240 أسرة كانت نسبة 38.2% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 46.5% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 14.3% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 7.9% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 31.3% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 24.2% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 10% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.08، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.54.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 34.4 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 22.6% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 10% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 34.1% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 22.7% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 10.6% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 52.4% ذكور و47.6% إناث.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لبورت تشيستير:

أعلام

 بيتر كامبل براون
 كولن موران
 بيير دا سيلفا
 آن إدواردز
 بيتر أرنو
 جورج غالو
 إد بارو
 ويليام دبليو. كوك
 باول كوستا
 جون جيه مورجان

مراجع

أماكن ساحلية مأهولة في ولاية نيويورك
قرى في مقاطعة ويستتشستر (نيويورك)
قرى نيويورك (ولاية)
قرى ولاية نيويورك
مدن ولاية نيويورك

بورت تشيستير


درية أحمد (24 سبتمبر 1923 - 3 أبريل 2003)، ممثلة ومغنية مصرية. وهي والدة الفنانة المصرية سهير رمزي.

أعمالها
 الدم يحن. وغنت فيه أغنية: خلاص يا قلبي خلاص.
 دلوني يا ناس. مع الممثل شكري سرحان، وغنت فيه ثلاث أغنيات: عارف والعارف لا يعرف ـ البيبي البيبي *دلوني يا ناس دلوني.
 خضرة والسندباد القبلي. وغنت فيه: آدي النعيم يا دنيا في عصر المدنية ـ واه يا بوي آه يا نا ـ ول يمين ول شمال سنتر فرويد سنتر هاف.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

مغنيات مصريات في القرن 20
ممثلات أفلام مصريات
ممثلات مصريات في القرن 20
مواليد 1342 هـ
مواليد 1923
وفيات 1424 هـ
وفيات 2003
وفيات بعمر 79

درية أحمد


As condecorações militares israelenses são as condecorações concedidas aos soldados das Forças de Defesa de Israel que exibem coragem extraordinária. Suas condecorações consistem na Medalha de Valor (a mais alta condecoração das FDI), a Medalha de Coragem e a Medalha de Serviços Distintos. Também inclui as Citações (Tzalash), que são concedidas em quatro classes.

Dois soldados compartilham o título de soldado mais condecorado das FDI: o Capitão Nechemya Cohen (1943–1967) e o General Ehud Barak (ex-Chefe do Estado-Maior, depois primeiro-ministro).

Condecorações não-militares

Decorações

Citações (Tzalash)
As citações são usadas na fita de campanha quando concedidas em tempos de guerra.

Barretas de campanha, medalhas e distintivos

De acordo com o Ministério da Defesa de Israel, "'barretas de campanha' são barretas que comemoram a participação de uma pessoa em guerra, campanha e combate desde o estabelecimento do Estado de Israel até os dias atuais. Essas fitas são concedidas por autorização do governo, a Lei de condecorações das FDI e regulamentos estabelecidos pelo Ministro da Defesa."

Prêmios por serviço militar

De acordo com o Ministério da Defesa de Israel, "'Prêmios por contribuição militar para o estabelecimento do Estado de Israel' e condecorações são concedidos por autorização do governo e de um comitê ministerial para símbolos e cerimônias, com exceção da Barreta do Combatente contra Nazistas, que é concedida de acordo com o regulamento do 'Yad Vashem' na Lei da Memória e do Holocausto e, além disso, pela Lei do 'status da Segunda Guerra Mundial' de 2000."

Outras medalhas, prêmios e barretas

Referências

Ligações externas

 Medalhas e Condecorações de Israel (em inglês)
 Prêmios e Condecorações de Israel (em inglês)

Ordens, condecorações e medalhas de Israel
Prêmios e condecorações militares de Israel
Condecorações militares de Israel