Thomas Harris (born 20 February 1964) is a British journalist and former politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow South, formerly Glasgow Cathcart, from 2001 to 2015. A former member of Scottish Labour, he left the party in August 2018. Since 2021 he has been lead non-executive director of the Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland and Advocate General for Scotland.

Harris first entered government when he was made a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Transport in September 2006 by PM Tony Blair. When Gordon Brown took over as Prime Minister in June 2007, Harris kept his junior ministerial role but, in the October 2008 reshuffle, he was sacked and returned to the backbenches. On 9 June 2009, he was the first Scottish Labour MP to call for Gordon Brown to stand down as prime minister.

Harris was a candidate in the 2011 Scottish Labour leadership election, but effectively admitted defeat on 10 December a week before the result was declared. In 2012, he returned to Ed Miliband's frontbench as shadow environment minister but left in June 2013 to spend more time with his family, being succeeded by Barry Gardiner.

Early life and career
Tom Harris was born in Ayrshire and raised in Beith, Scotland. He was educated at the Garnock Academy in Kilbirnie and Napier College, Edinburgh, where he was awarded an HND in Journalism in 1986. He worked as a trainee newspaper journalist with the East Kilbride News in 1986 before joining the Paisley Daily Express in 1988.

He was appointed as a press officer with the Scottish Labour Party in 1990, moving to the same position with Strathclyde Regional Council in 1992. He was briefly the senior media officer with the Glasgow City Council in 1996 before joining East Ayrshire Council later in the same year as a public relations manager. In 1998, he became the chief of public relations at the Strathclyde Passenger Executive, where he remained until his election to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Harris joined the Labour Party in 1984. He was active in the Edinburgh South Constituency Labour Party and was elected as the chairman of the Glasgow Cathcart Constituency Labour Party for two years in 1998. During his time at this post, he tried to stop the closure of the ABC Muirend/Toledo cinema, but was unsuccessful.

Parliamentary career
Harris was elected to the House of Commons at the 2001 general election for the seat of Glasgow Cathcart following the retirement of the Labour MP John Maxton. He held the seat with a majority of 10,816 and made his maiden speech on 27 June 2001. His seat was abolished following the creation of the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood and the subsequent reduction of Scottish seats at Westminster. He represented the new seat of Glasgow South from the 2005 general election until losing in 2015.

He served on the Science and Technology Select Committee for two years from 2001, and was appointed in 2003 as the Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to the Minister of State for Northern Ireland, John Spellar. From 2005, he was PPS to the Secretary of State for Health Patricia Hewitt. On 7 September 2006, he replaced Derek Twigg as Parliamentary Under Secretary at the Department for Transport. However, in October 2008 Harris announced on his blog that the Prime Minister had telephoned him to inform him that he would be returning to the back benches.

He is a committed trade unionist and was a member of the National Union of Journalists from 1984 until he joined UNISON in 1997, and has since a member of Unite the Union. He introduced a bill in 2005 for tougher sentences for e-criminals. Also in 2005, he was involved in an argument over the funding of a housing charity which had called for direct action following the eviction and deportation to Albania of a Kosovan family seeking asylum from a flat in Drumchapel. He was a keen supporter of John Smith and is reported to have been more of a Blairite than a Brownite. He wrote a popular blog from 2007 to 2010, which has won a number of awards and in 2011 published a book containing excerpts from it, entitled "Why I'm Right and Everyone Else Is Wrong". In the 2009, Top Political Blog Awards run by Total Politics magazine, it was voted top MP's blog, top Scottish blog and top left-of-centre blog, and was ranked number 8 overall. He is a member of Labour Friends of Israel.

On 6 December 2010, he appeared on the BBC Radio 4 Today programme to criticise protesters who had intimidated ordinary shoppers using Topshop and Vodafone in the run-up to Christmas and suggested that corporate tax avoidance could be prevented by a change in tax regulations. In 2011, he actively campaigned against the Alternative Vote in the referendum that year.

Harris was forced to stand down from his role as Scottish Labour's internet adviser on 16 January 2012, following adverse media reaction to his posting of a Downfall parody on YouTube ridiculing First Minister Alex Salmond.

In August 2011 Harris expressed an interest, and in September 2011 confirmed on Twitter he was standing in the election to be the next leader of the Scottish Labour Party, after the publication of the Murphy and Boyack review. He described the Scottish Labour Party as having had "no new ideas in 12 years [of devolution]", and that it must become a "party of aspiration" or it risked becoming irrelevant in the next few years. Harris was the only MP to enter the race and said Labour had become "too closely associated with the public sector", rather than being "a party of business". He also said the "Scottish Labour party was really in deep trouble and that we need to think outside the box. There is no indication that the party is prepared to do that yet and I don't know why".

Harris considered standing in the 2016 Scottish Parliament election, but announced via his podcast in May 2012 that he had given up this ambition and was committed to stand in his Glasgow South constituency at the United Kingdom general election of 2015. In 2015, he lost his seat to Stewart McDonald of the SNP.

Post-MP career
Since losing his seat, Harris has set up a public affairs company called Third Avenue Public Affairs Ltd and, as of 2019, is senior counsel for the Edinburgh-based media and political relations consultancy Message Matters. He is also an associate consultant with Peterborough-based public affairs company Cogitamus Ltd. In March 2016 he replaced Dan Hodges as a daily commentator for The Daily Telegraph.

Also in March 2016, he became the new director of the Scottish branch of Vote Leave, the campaign for Britain to leave the EU. Although a eurosceptic, Harris said he had originally intended to vote to stay in; however he found David Cameron's renegotiation of Britain's membership unsatisfactory, denouncing it as, "a few minor changes of emphasis on the fringes of EU policy" and decided to vote to leave. Harris has continued to speak out in favour of Brexit in his newspaper columns since 2016.

In 2016 Harris was a member of the advisory board of the Reform Scotland think tank, and declared himself a "self-confessed Blairite".

In March 2018, Ten Years In The Death of the Labour Party written by Harris was published by Biteback. In August, he announced his resignation from the Labour Party in an op-ed for The Daily Telegraph. In November 2019, he announced he would be voting for the Conservatives at the 2019 general election. Harris further admitted on the  edition of 29 July 2020 of the Iain Dale All Talk podcast that this wasn't the first time he'd voted Conservative, having done so two years earlier as well.

In October 2018, Harris was appointed to the Expert Challenge Panel supporting Keith Williams in his wide-ranging review of the British railway industry. As of July 2020, the review has yet to be published. In July 2020 he was appointed as a Non-Executive Director of HS2 Ltd.

On 20 October 2021, Harris took on a job for three years as an adviser to the Conservative government on Scottish issues, as lead non-executive director of both the Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland and Advocate General for Scotland. He said: "I'm delighted to have been appointed to this role and I'm looking forward to contributing to the effective work of the UK Government in Scotland. This is an exciting time to be involved in advising and helping ministers deliver for the whole country."

Personal life
Harris married Carolyn Moffat in 1998; the couple have two sons. He has another son from an earlier marriage which was dissolved in 1996. He is a Christian and enjoys astronomy and badminton. He is a fan of Doctor Who and friend of its former showrunner Steven Moffat. Harris contributed to Behind The Sofa, the collection of celebrity Doctor Who fan memories published by Gollancz in 2013. He firmly opposed a female actor playing the Doctor. In 2019 he launched a Doctor Who podcast called "The Power of 3", alongside fellow Who fans Kenny Smith and David Steel.

References

External links
 Tom Harris – Westminster Biography
 Guardian – Tom Harris: Electoral history and profile
 TheyWorkForYou.com – Tom Harris MP
The Imposter – Personal podcast narrated by Harris about his life in politics

1964 births
Living people
Alumni of Edinburgh Napier University
People from Beith
Scottish bloggers
Scottish journalists
Press secretaries
Scottish public relations people
Scottish trade unionists
Scottish Labour MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
Scottish Eurosceptics

Tom Harris (British politician)


Agrilus fleutiauxi é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Bourgoin, 1922.

Referências

fleutiauxi

Agrilus fleutiauxi


En disgrâce () est un film américain réalisé par A. Edward Sutherland et sorti en 1925.

Synopsis
Tom Blackford compte sur une promotion qui lui permettra d'épouser Alice, la fille de son employeur John Rand. Lorsque le neveu de Rand, obtient un rendez-vous avec sa belle, Tom épouse quand même Alice, au grand désarroi de son père, et retourne astucieusement contre lui sa remarque imprudente selon laquelle la voie de l'avancement passe par les relations. Rand propose alors à Tom le poste de surintendant d'une des mines de l'entreprise. Rand écrit ensuite à Joe Lawler, qui s'attendait à recevoir cette nomination, que l'entreprise le nommerait surintendant si Blackford démissionnait, laissant entendre qu'il ne se souciait pas des moyens pris pour l'y contraindre. Alice part avec son mari même si elle déclare qu'elle ne l'aime pas, et ils organisent une lune de miel platonique. Lawler, travaillant avec Shackleton, le gardien de la mine, y sème le trouble, provoquant finalement une grève générale. Tom abolit la plongée après qu'un ingénieur ivre ait presque tué certains des mineurs. Il renverse les rôles contre Lawler en montrant qu'il a trompé les ouvriers avec des balances tordues. Lors d'un combat en hauteur, Lawler est éjecté de la structure lorsque la barre de fer qu'il balance vers Tom est prise dans la machinerie. La grève terminée, Tom rentre chez lui et découvre qu'Alice est prête à admettre son amour pour lui.

Fiche technique
 Réalisation : A. Edward Sutherland
 Scénario : Paul Schofield
 Production : Adolph Zukor, Jesse Lasky
 Distributeur : Paramount Pictures
 Photographie : Faxon M. Dean
 Durée : 70 minutes (7 bobines)
 Date de sortie :  (USA)

Distribution

Thomas Meighan : Tom Blackford
Lila Lee : Alice Rand
John Miltern : John Rand
Wallace Beery : Joe Lawler
Larry Wheat : Munds
Frank Campeau : Shackleton
Gus Weinberg : Dr. Rawls
Alice Knowland : Mrs. Rawls

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 1925
Film dramatique américain
Film américain en noir et blanc
Film muet américain
Film réalisé par A. Edward Sutherland
Film distribué par Paramount Pictures

En disgrâce


Personal names in German-speaking Europe consist of one or several given names (Vorname, plural Vornamen) and a surname (Nachname, Familienname). The Vorname is usually gender-specific. A name is usually cited in the "Western order" of "given name, surname". The most common exceptions are alphabetized list of surnames, e.g. "Bach, Johann Sebastian", as well as some official documents and spoken southern German dialects. In most of this, the German conventions parallel the naming conventions in most of Western and Central Europe, including English, Dutch, Italian, and French. There are some vestiges of a patronymic system as they survive in parts of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, but these do not form part of the official name.

Women traditionally adopted their husband's name upon marriage and would occasionally retain their maiden name by hyphenation, in a so-called Doppelname, e.g. "Else Lasker-Schüler". Recent legislation motivated by gender equality now allows a married couple to choose the surname they want to use, including an option for men to keep their birthname hyphenated to the common family name in the same way. It is also possible for the spouses to do without a common surname altogether and to keep their birthnames.

The most common given names are either Biblical ("Christian", derived from names of Biblical characters or saints; Johann/Hans "John", Georg/Jörg "George", Jakob "Jacob" and "James"; Anna, Maria, Barbara, Christina) or from Germanic names (Friedrich "Frederick", Ludwig "Louis", etc.) Since the 1990s, there has however been a trend of parents picking non-German forms of names, either for originality, or influenced by international celebrities, e.g. Liam (Gaelic form of William) rather than the German equivalent Wilhelm and Mila.

Most surnames are derived either from given names (patronym), occupations, or from geographical origin, less often from bodily attributes. They became heritable with the beginning of central demographic records in the early modern period.

Forenames

The Vorname (in English forename) is usually given to a child by the parents shortly after birth. It is common to give a child several Vornamen  (forenames), one of them intended for everyday use and known as the Rufname ("appellation name" or "call name").
This Rufname is often underlined on official documents, as it is sometimes the second or third name in the sequence of given names on official record, even though it is the given name in daily use from childhood. For example, in the resume submitted by mathematician Emmy Noether to Erlangen University in 1907,
Ich, Amalie Emmy Noether, bayerischer Staatsangehörigkeit und israelitischer Konfession, bin geboren zu Erlangen am 23. März 1882 ...
"I, Amalie Emmy Noether, of Bavarian nationality and of Israelite confession, born in Erlangen on 23 March 1882 ..."
the underlining of Emmy communicates that this is the Rufname, even though it is the second of two official given names.

In Germany, the chosen name must be approved by the local Standesamt  (civil registry office). Although a 1980 law previously stated that the name must indicate the gender of the child, a 2008 court ruling unanimously upheld the right of parents to decide their child's name, stating that the only legal limitation is that the name does not negatively affect the well-being of the child.

Among German nobility, a fashion arose in the early modern period to give a large number of forenames, often six or more. This fashion was to some extent copied by the bourgeois class, but subsided again after the end of the 19th century, so that while two or three forenames remain common, a larger number is now rare.
The practice persists among German nobility, e.g.
Johann Friedrich Konrad Carl Eduard Horst Arnold Matthias, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, Duke of Saxony (b. 1952), Ernst August Albert Paul Otto Rupprecht Oskar Berthold Friedrich-Ferdinand Christian-Ludwig, Prince of Hanover (b. 1954), Christian Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm-Ernst Friedrich Franz Prince of Hanover and Dukelin, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg (b. 1985).

Popular given names
Traditionally, there are dialectal differences between the regions of German-speaking Europe, especially visible in the forms of hypocorisms.
These differences are still perceptible in the list of most popular names, even though they are marginalized by super-regional fashionable trends:
As of 2012, the top ten given names of Baden-Württemberg (Southern Germany) and of Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany) share the entries Ben, Paul, Finn, Luca, Max (male), Mia, Emma, Lea, Leonie, Anna, Lena, Hanna, while Schleswig-Holstein retains the traditionally northern (Low German) forms Lasse (male) and Neele (female) in the top ten.

The following table gives the most popular given names in Germany for every tenth year (since 1890).

Surnames

Surnames (family name; Nachname, Familienname) were gradually introduced in German-speaking Europe during the Late Middle Ages. Many of such surnames are derived from nicknames. They are generally classified into four groups by derivation:
given names, occupational designations, bodily attributes, and toponyms (including references to named buildings). Also, many family names display characteristic features of the dialect of the region they originated in.

 Given names often turned into family names when people were identified by their father's name. For example, the first name Ahrend developed into the family name Ahrends by adding a genitive s-ending, as in Ahrend's son.  Examples: Ahrends/Ahrens, Burkhard, Wulff, Friedrich, Benz, Fritz. With many of the early city records written in Latin, occasionally the Latin genitive singular -i was used such as in Jakobi or Alberti or (written as -'y') in Mendelssohn Bartholdy.
 Occupational name are the most common form of family names; anybody who had an unusual job would have been bound to be identified by it. Examples: Gaschler (glass), Schmidt (smith), Müller (miller), Meier (farm administrator; akin to tenant, steward, sometimes also a bailiff), Schulze (constable), Fischer (fisherman), Schneider (tailor), Maurer (mason), Bauer (farmer), Zimmermann (carpenter), Metzger or Fleischer (butcher), Töpfer, Toepfer (potter) or Klingemann (weapons smith). Also, names referring to nobility such as Kaiser (emperor), König (king), Graf (count) are common, with the name bearers probably only a minor functionary of a monarch.
 Bodily attribute names are family names such as Krause (curly), Schwarzkopf (black head), Klein (small), Groß (big).
 Geographical names (toponyms) are derived from the name of a city or village, or the location of someone's home. They often have the '-er' postfix that signifies origin (as in English New Yorker). Examples: Kissinger (from Kissingen), Schwarzenegger (from Schwarzenegg or Schwarzeneck), Bayer (from Bavaria, German Bayern). Böhm indicates that a family originated in Bohemia. A special case of geographical names were those derived from a building or a natural landmark, e.g. a Busch (bush) or Springborn (spring/well). Before the advent of street names and numbers, even for long times afterwards, many important buildings like inns, mills and farmsteads were given house names or Hofnamen "estate names", e.g. Rothschild "red sign/escutcheon", Lachs "(sign of the) salmon", Bär "bear", Engels from Engel "angel", etc.   A house or estate name could be combined with a profession, e.g.  Rosenbauer (rose-farmer, from a farmstead called 'the rose'); Kindlmüller (child's miller, from a mill named 'the Christmas child', 'the prodigal child' or 'the king's child').
The preposition von ("of") was used to distinguish nobility; for example, if someone was baron of the village of Veltheim, his family name would be von Veltheim. In modern times, people who were elevated to nobility often had a 'von' added to their name. For example, Johann Wolfgang Goethe had his name changed to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. This practice ended with the abolition of the monarchy in Germany and Austria in 1919. Sometimes von is also used in geographical names that are not noble, as in von Däniken.

With family names originating locally, many names display particular characteristics of the local dialects, such as the south German, Austrian and Swiss diminutive endings -l -el, -erl, -le or -li as in Kleibl, Schäuble or Nägeli (from 'Nagel', nail). The same is true for regional variants in the naming of professions. While a barrel-maker from Hamburg may have been called "Böttcher", a Bavarian could easily have been called "Schäffler".

The surnames of the German Jews are a special case, as they were introduced later, in the late 18th to early 19th century, per fiat. The Prussian authorities imposed made-up and sometimes derogatory names. For instance, the name "Waldlieferant" (lit.: forest supplier) was "created" to ridicule a Jewish timber trader. Even way more offensive expressions ("Afterduft"; lit.: anus odor) were in use. This is by no means the rule, though; on the contrary, those surnames most quickly recognized as probably Jewish in origin are distinctly poetical ones, probably as they were made-up choices by the people themselves (e.g. Rosenzweig).

Immigration, often sponsored by local authorities, also brought foreign family names into the German-speaking regions. Depending on regional history, geography and economics, many family names have French, Dutch, Italian, Hungarian or Slavic (e.g. Polish) origins. Sometimes they survived in their original form; in other cases, the spelling would be adapted to German (the Slavic ending ic becoming the German  or  or Baltic "-kis" becoming "-ke"). Over time, the spelling often changed to reflect native German pronunciation (Sloothaak for the Dutch Sloothaag); but some names, such as those of French Huguenots settling in Prussia, retained their spelling but with the pronunciation that would come naturally to a German reading the name: Marquard, pronounced  in French, ended up being pronounced  much like the German Markwart from which it was originally derived.

Marriage
Traditionally, the wife adopts her husband's Nachname on marriage and drops her own. However, due to the legal equality of sexes, the opposite is possible as well, though rare.

A few examples of the practice under German law, if "Herr (Mr) Schmidt" and "Frau (Miss) Meyer" marry:

 They can keep their former Nachnamen: Herr Schmidt and Frau (Mrs) Meyer. In the 1990s, the law was thus changed. They can later change to variant 2, though the inverse is not possible.
 They can declare one name as a "marriage name" (Ehename). In doing so, they can either both adopt the husband's name, or both adopt the wife's name as an Ehename: Herr Meyer and Frau Meyer; Herr Schmidt and Frau Schmidt.
 One partner, but not both, may combine both names by a hyphen. Thus, one of them then bears a double name (Doppelname). (Herr Schmidt and Frau Meyer-Schmidt (or Frau Schmidt-Meyer); the children have to be called Schmidt.)  Both partners cannot have Doppelnamen; thus, there would be no Herr Meyer-Schmidt and Frau Meyer-Schmidt.

All children of a family have to receive the same non-hyphenated Nachname at birth, which may be either the mother's or the father's Nachname (traditionally it was the father's). If the parents adopted an Ehename this is the Nachname of the child. It is strictly forbidden to give children Doppelnamen if it is not the Ehename. The latter case can arise with traditional aristocratic Doppelnamen (e.g. Faber-Castell).

In Austria (§ 93 ABGB), a couple can choose either of their surnames as married name. In the default case, this is the surname of the groom. The partner who is changing surnames (usually the bride) has the possibility to use their unmarried name alongside the married name with hyphenation.

In Switzerland (Art. 160 ZGB), the couple can opt to both retain their unmarried name, or the couple can choose to use either surname as their married name. If both retain their name, they need to declare which will be the surname of any future children.

Nobility
Titles of former aristocrats (like Graf for "Count") have become parts of the Nachname in Germany, giving longer names of several words, usually including the nobiliary particle von (meaning "of") or zu (meaning "to", sometimes "at"), often von und zu are also found together (meaning "of and to/at"). The legal rules for these names are the same as those for other Nachnamen, which gives rise to a number of cases where people legally bear such names but are not recognized by the associations of formerly noble families in Germany, which continue to apply the old rules of the German Empire in their publications. Most of these cases come about when a woman of noble descent marries a man with no title, and the two adopt the woman's name as their common Nachname, which was impossible under imperial law.

In Austria, titles of nobility including certain other orders and honours held by Austrian citizens have since 3 April 1919 been abolished, including nobiliary particles such as von, the use of such titles by Austrian citizens is an offence punishable with a financial enforcement penalty. For example, Otto von Habsburg, Austria-Hungary's last crown prince, was referred to as Otto Habsburg(-Lothringen) in Austria. In Switzerland, where titles of nobility have been rare for several centuries, they can be used in private conversation, but are not officially recognised.

Common surnames

Germany

The most common surnames in Germany, counting different spellings together, are roughly:
 0,87 %: Schmidt, Schmitt, Schmitz, Schmied ("smith, blacksmith")
 0,83 %: Müller, Möller ("miller")
 0,73 %: Meyer, Meier, Meir, Meyr, Mayer, Maier, Mair, or Mayr (often the senior farmer in a given settlement [running a "full range" farmstead in terms of area, workforce and harvest, compared to various partitions of lesser size], often as the leaseholder of a landlord like an abbey, a worldly ruler, etc.; "tenant, steward, sometimes also a bailiff, but not a mayor")
 0,43 %: Schulz, Schulze, Schultze, Schulte, Schultheiß, Scholz ("constable")
 0,34 %: Schneider ("tailor")
 0,30 %: Hoffmann, Hofmann ("steward; tenant/leaseholder; courtier"; with the same meaning, but here not counted, are Hofer, Hoffer, Hoffner, Höfer, Höffer, Höffner, etc)
 0,28 %: Becker, Beck, Beckmann, Bäcker ("baker")
 0,27 %: Fischer ("fisherman")
 0,26 %: Weber ("weaver")
 0,23 %: Wagner ("carter, cartwright")
 0,21 %: Bauer, Baur ("farmer")
 0,1925 %: Lange, Lang ("long, tall")
 0,1918 %: Wolf, Wolff ("wolf")

If different spellings are counted separately, the order is different:
 Müller
 Schmidt
 Schneider
 Fischer
 Weber
 Meyer
 Wagner
 Schulz
 Bauer
 Becker

These ten names are all occupational names, designating common occupations around 1600 when surnames became heritable. That's why these names arose independently across Germany.

Austria
Gruber (5482)
Huber (5109)
Wagner (4624)
Mueller (4410)
Pichler (4227)
Steiner (4176)
Moser (4175)
Mayer (3901)
Bauer (3840)
Berger (3642)
Hofer (3549)
Fuchs (3251)
Eder (3232)
Leitner (3223)

Gender-specific surname variants
Traditionally, there was a differentiation of surnames of women from those of their male siblings, which was widespread in Germany until the 18th century. Thus, in old records, especially church registers on rites de passage, such as baptisms, deaths and marriages etc., women may appear bearing regionally typical female surname variants (like, in South Germany: Peter Huber, but Anna Huberin). With the establishment of general official registration of legal names, this practice was abolished in the 18th and the 19th centuries, depending on the legislation of the respective states.

Also, the spelling of given and surnames, varying previously from author to author, or even entry to entry, was then mostly fixed according to the official recorded form. Former noble titles appearing in male and female variants were transformed by the Weimar Constitution, article 109, into parts of the surnames in Germany, but a new tradition of gender-specific variants, for official registration, was established for these surnames. This practice was confirmed in a judgement by the Reichsgericht on 10 March 1926.

Colloquially, surname variants for women continue to appear in some German dialects. In Bavarian dialect surnames of women sometimes are formed by adding the ending "-in", used in standard High German to indicate noun variants for women or items of grammatical feminine gender, such as Näherin (seamstress), with Näher (seamster) being the male form. Thus a Frau (Mrs.) Gruber may be referred to as "Gruberin". In West Low German parlance the ending "…sch(e)" is sometimes added to surnames of women, related to the standard High German adjective ending "…isch" (cognitive to English "…ish"), suffixed to nouns or adjectives indicating belonging / pertaining to, being of the kind described by the suffixed word: for example, de Smidtsche, is Ms Schmidt (Smith), but literally something like the Smithian (the woman pertaining to a man/family named Schmidt).

Another form, indicating a female bearer of a surname, was the addition of a genitive "s" (like the Saxon genitive), the daughter or wife of Mr. Bäcker (literally Baker) would appear as Ms Bäckers (in German without an apostrophe), as being Bäcker's daughter or wife.

Pseudonyms
Pseudonyms can be used by artists (Künstlername, "artist's name") and members of religious orders (Ordensname); If a pseudonym is widely known in public it can be added to the passport of that person (under the weaker legal status of Künstlername) and be used instead of the original name in most situations. The same field in the passport also serves to show religious names, i.e. the new name somebody takes on when becoming a monk or nun.

Academic degrees and titles
The academic degree of Doktor (Dr.) and the academic title of Professor (Prof.) are not part of the name in Germany but can be entered into an identity card or passport and are frequently used in documents and addresses.

They are, however, often used in a written address (e.g., Dr. Meier, Prof. Dr. Müller), and will often be used in formal speech or sometimes by lower-ranked persons such as students, though many academics prefer being addressed just like anyone else, i.e. by Herr or Frau alone (see below).

Hofname (estate name)

In rural areas it is common that farmers are known by the traditional name of their Hof (farm or estate). Because of the long-standing tradition of impartible inheritance in German-speaking Europe, ownership of a Hof had often been tied to direct patrilineal descent over centuries.
Thus, farmers were traditionally known by their Hofname even before the development of the Nachname in the early modern period, and the two systems came to overlap. Many Nachnamen are in fact derived from such Hofnamen, but in some instances, the Hofname tradition survived alongside the official Nachname.

Historically, the Hofname was the first type of commoners' family name to become heritable. This process began still in the Late Middle Ages (14th to 15th century); e.g. Ulrich Zwingli (b. 1484) inherited his father's surname, in origin a Hofname (from the term Twing, denoting a type of walled-in estate) even though he did not inherit his estate.

In cases where Nachname and Hofname are not identical (usually because there was no male heir at some point in the family history) they are joined in official documents by genannt (abbr. gen.), e.g. Amann gen. Behmann. In Austria the term vulgo (abbr. vlg.) is used instead of genannt. This is called a  or vulgo name.
Historically, other forms can be found as well, including Amann sonst Behmann genannt, Amann oder Behmann, an, auf, zu, alias, modo, vel, dictus, dicti, vero, qui et, or de. In some cases the form genannt changed into von over time, in other cases it was changed into a hyphenated surname (like Amann-Behmann), but these examples are not the only origins for these latter types of names.

Name changes
There are only a few circumstances in which one is allowed to change one's name:
 On marriage: the couple can choose the name of either partner, they can both keep their original names, or (provided the original family name of neither partner contains a hyphen), one partner can modify their own name, appending the partner's family name to their own, creating a hyphenated name ("Mr. Schmid and Ms. Meier-Schmid" or "Mr. Schmid-Meier and Ms. Meier").
 Correction of a name: if the state has made an error with the name and this can be proven, the original name can be restored. Example: "Maſs" became "Mahs" and is corrected to "Mass".
 Gender reassignment, in the case of transsexuals.
 Naturalisation of foreigners (per Article 47 of the EGBGB). In this case, the foreigners may choose to adopt German forms of their first and last names, or adopt new first names if their old first names cannot be adapted into German.
 Changing a name that is too complicated (too long or difficult spelling because of origin), too common (like Müller or Schmidt), or causes ridicule (which can be because of the name itself, like "Fick" ("Fuck", even though of different etymologic origin), or because of association, like "Adolf").

Though the Namensänderungsgesetz (Law concerning the changing of names) allows changing because of any "important reason", in practice this will very rarely be allowed.

Adding Doktor (Ph.D.) in Germany, and adding any academic degree in Austria, into one's identity card or passport is not considered a name change.

Order of names and use of articles
The Nachname is put after the Vorname. In the rural use of several regions where heavy dialect is spoken (i.e. Bavaria, Saxony, the Palatinate or the Saarland), the order is reversed, e.g. "der Mühlbach Klaus" instead of "Klaus Mühlbach". The definite article is always added in this style of naming. Especially in these regions, it is also the usual administrative way, but with a comma; the said person would appear in documents as "Mühlbach, Klaus" or even, with a title or profession "Mühlbach, Klaus, Dr./OLt/Bäcker".

Except for Southern Germany, usage of the definite article with the name outside of dialect is uncommon, and considered a mistake in Standard German. It is considered familiar language, but not as a mark of rough, rural manners as in French. It is used especially when talking of and/or with children, but also in some other situations. E.g., Ich bin der Nils ('I am the Nils').

In Austria, the definite article is always used in informal spoken language, but most of the time not in very formal or written language.

In some dialects (such as those spoken in the Western Palatinate, the Saarland and parts of the Rhineland), the article used with women's and girls' names is not the feminine, but the neuter article. This is because the German word for "girl", Mädchen, is a neuter noun, due to the diminutive suffix -chen.

See also
Ashkenazi Jewish name
 Germanic name
 English name
 German Kevinism

References

 Rosa Kohlheim, Volker Kohlheim : Familiennamen: Herkunft und Bedeutung von 20000 Nachnamen (Family Names: Origin and Meaning of 20,000 Last Names), 2000, Duden,

External links
 German names
 API to determine the likely gender of a German name for gender studies
 Onomastik: Names and Name meanings The site has information on the etymology of German family names as well as a community section, where questions about names origins are discussed

Names by culture

Names
Names

German name


كورت ألاند (باللاتينية Kurt Aland) ولد في 1915 - توفي 1994) ثيولوجي ألماني وأستاذ أبحاث العهد الجديد وتاريخ الكنيسة. كان رئيس مؤسسة البحث النقدي للعهد الجديد والمحرر الرئيسي لطبعة نستله ألاند للعهد الجديد باليونانية.

أعماله
 Kirchengeschichtliche Entwürfe. Alte Kirche - Reformation und Luthertum - Pietismus und Erweckungsbewegung, 1960;
 Bibel und Bibeltexte bei August Hermann Francke und Johann Albrecht Bengel. In: Pietismus und Bibel, (=AGP; 9), 1970, 89-147;
 Der Text des Neuen Testaments. Einführung in die wissenschaftlichen Ausgaben sowie in Theorie und Praxis der modernen Textkritik (together with Barbara Aland), 1982, 1989;
 Text und Textwert der griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments, Bd. I-III (=Arbeiten zur neutestamentlichen Textforschung), 1987 ff.;

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من برلين
أعضاء الأكاديمية الملكية الهولندية للفنون والعلوم
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة مونستر
خريجو جامعة هومبولت في برلين
دارسون من كوينه
زملاء الأكاديمية البريطانية
زملاء مراسلون في الأكاديمية البريطانية
علماء الكتاب المقدس ألمان
علماء الكتاب المقدس مسيحيون في القرن 20
قادة فرسان من وسام استحقاق جمهورية ألمانيا الاتحادية
كتاب غير روائيين ذكور ألمان
كتاب من برلين
لاهوتيون ألمان
لاهوتيون بروتستانتيون ألمان في القرن 20
مواليد 1915
مؤرخو أديان ألمان
نقد نصي
وفيات 1994
وفيات في مونستر

كورت ألاند


شينغو  هي قرية في محافظة آوموري، اليابان. تسمى أيضا «بيت المسيح»  لانها تدعي انها المثوى الأخير ليسوع. حسب الفلكور المحلي لم يمت يسوع على الصليب في فلسطين بل مات أخوه ايسوكيري بدله على الصليب بينما هرب يسوع عبر سيبيريا وألاسكا حتى وصل إلى شينغو في اليابان. أصبح فلاحا في القرية وتزوج وخلف عائلة ودفن في «قبر يسوع» الموجود في القرية. ليس هناك دليل يبرهن صحة هذا الادعاء ومع ذلك قام بعض المستثمرين بإقامة محلات لبيع هدايا تذكارية عن يسوع إلى السياح. وفي قبر آخر في القرية هناك اذن أخي يسوع وشعر للعذراء مريم. بدات هذه الدعاوى 1933 عندما اكتشفت اوراق قديمة تتكلم عن موت يسوع في اليابان وانها تشهد له. صادرت السلطات اليابانية هذه الاوراق ولم يشاهدها أحد بعد ذلك

مراجع

المسيحية في اليابان
قرى في محافظة آوموري
محافظة آوموري
يسوع

شينغو


Ancistrodes, rod pravih mahovina iz reda Hypnales i porodice Meteoriaceae., ili po drugim izvorima iz reda Hookeriales i porodice Saulomataceae.

Jedina vrsta u njemu je A. genuflexa iz Čilea.

Izvori

Flora Čilea

Ancistrodes (Plantae)


West Cornwall may refer to:

United States
 West Cornwall, Connecticut
 West Cornwall Township, Pennsylvania, in Lebanon County
 West Cornwall district, Cornwall, Vermont

United Kingdom
 West Cornwall (UK region)
 West Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency), created in 1832 and abolished in 1885

See also
 Cornwall (disambiguation)
 West (disambiguation)

West Cornwall


An Andropogon ternarius in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni André Michaux. An Andropogon ternarius in nahilalakip ha genus nga Andropogon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Andropogon

Andropogon ternarius


La Heroica Ciudad de Ejutla de Crespo (del náhuatl exotl y tla, "ejote", "abundancia", es decir, "Donde abunda el ejote) es una ciudad del estado de Oaxaca, en México, ubicada en el centro-sur del estado, y es cabecera del municipio del mismo nombre y del Distrito de Ejutla en la Región Valles Centrales.

Historia
La fundación de Ejutla se remonta aproximadamente año de 524 por el cacique zapoteco Maneyadela permaneciendo independientes hasta la conquista por parte de los mexicas en tiempos del huey tlatoani Axayácatl, pasando desde entonces a formar parte de su imperio que a su vez fue sometido a partir de 1521 por los españoles, que asentaron definitivamente a los indígenas en lo que hoy es Ejutla para su civilización  y evangelización.

Durante la Guerra de Independencia de México destacó en el campo insurgente el cura de Ejutla, Manuel Sabino Crespo, nacido el 3 de enero de 1778 en Taniche, quien se unió a las fuerzas de José María Morelos y fue elegido diputado al Congreso de Chilpancingo, que siendo derrotado, murió fusilado el 19 de octubre de 1815.

Tras la independencia, el 1 de octubre de 1852 el Congreso de Oaxaca la elevó a la categoría de Villa de Ejutla y en 1854 fue uno de los principales focos de rebeldía oaxaqueña contra la dictadura de Antonio López de Santa Anna, liderada por Pablo Casimiro Lanza y Juan Catarino Martínez; el 11 de diciembre de 1889 un nuevo decreto del congreso oaxaqueño le da la categoría de ciudad con el nombre de Heroica Ciudad de Ejutla de Crespo en honor de Manuel Sabino Crespo.

Localización y demografía
Ejutla se encuentra localizada en la zona sur de los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca, casi al pie de la Sierra Madre del Sur, tiene una altitud de 1 450 metros sobre el nivel del mar y sus coordenadas geográficas son , unos 60 kilómetros al sur de la capital del estado, la ciudad de Oaxaca de Juárez, con la que se comunica por la Carretera Federal 175 que es la principal vía de comunicación de la ciudad y que la una hacia el sur a 40 kilómetros con Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz y posteriormente con San Pedro Pochutla y Puerto Ángel.

De acuerdo con los resultados del Censo de Población y Vivienda de 2010 realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, Ejutla de Crespo tiene una población total de 9 748 personas de las que 4 476 son hombres y 5 272 son mujeres.

Personajes ilustres
 Mons. Rosendo Huesca y Pacheco. XL Arzobispo de Puebla de 1977 a 2009. sirvió como arzobispo emérito en la misma ciudad desde 2009 hasta 2017, nació en esta ciudad de Oaxaca en 1932, falleció el 24 de noviembre de 2017 en la ciudad de puebla de Zaragoza.

Gastronomía
Ejutla cuenta con una gran extensa variedad de platillos típicos de la región: buñuelos, roscas de viento, nenguanitos, mamones, nicuatole, nieves.De las que sobresale un platillo único. La Salchicha Ejuteca, como se le conoce en la zona, es un exquisito manjar compuesto por condimentos de la región, vinagre hecho a base de frutas tropicales y carne molida de res, horneado a través de un horno de piedra. Este platillo es considerado una excelencia culinaria en la región, y por consiguiente se distribuye en toda la zona y la capital del Estado.

Productores de Mezcal
Esta zona es muy abundante en la producción de Mezcal Artesanal, debido a que muchos productores locales y de agencias vecinas, cuentan con plantíos de producción de Agave Espadín, así como la obtención de agaves silvestres tales como Tobasiche, Tobalá, Arroqueño, Tepestate, entre otros que crecen en la zona. Por este motivo la comercialización de este producto  es demandante y distribuido en diferentes partes del Estado, y en algunas ocasiones es exportado a otros países.

Referencias

Fuentes

Localidades del estado de Oaxaca
Ejutla
Ciudades heroicas de México

Ejutla de Crespo


Rotting Christ 1987 yılında Yunanistan'ın Atina şehrinde kurulmuş bir black/death metal grubudur.

Grup Necromayhem (Sakis Tolis) ve Necrosauron (Themis Tolis) tarafından kuruldu. Andreas (Andreas Layos) 1996'da bas gitarist olarak katıldı. 2005 yılında Kostas Vasilakopulos'nun yerine gitarist olarak Nightfall grubu üyesi Yorgos Bokos geldi.

Rotting Christ saf bir black metal grubu olarak yola çıktı. Daha sonraki çalışmalarında gotik metal ve melankolik doom metal tarzlarında eserler vermiş olsa da "ekstrem" müzik tarzından hiç kopmadı.

Son albüm Aealo, 2010'un başlarında çıktı. Müzikal olarak Theogonia gibi olsa da beğenilen bir albüm oldu.

Grup elemanları

Şimdiki elemanlar
 Sakis Tolis - (vokal ve gitar) 1987-
 Andreas Layos - (bas gitar) 1996-
 Yorgos Bokos - (gitar) 2005-
 Themis Tolis - (bateri) 1987-

Eski elemanlar
 Kostas Vasilakopulos - (gitar) 1996-2004
 Yeoryos Tolyas - (klavye) 1996-2004
 Jim "Mutilator" - (bas gitar) 1989-1996

Albümler
 Satanas Tedeum (1989)
 Passage to Arcturo (1991)
 Thy Mighty Contract (1993)
 Non Serviam (1994)
 Triarchy of Lost Lovers (1996)
 A Dead Poem (1997)
 Sleep of the Angels (1999)
 Khronos 666 (2000)
 Genesis (2002)
 Sanctus Diavolos (2004)
 Theogonia (2007)
 Aealo (2010)
 Kata Ton Daimona Eaytoy (2013)
 Rituals (2016)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Resmi site
 Resmi internet sitesi

Hayran siteleri
 Resmi Türk hayran sitesi
 Resmi Brezilyalı hayran sitesi

Yunan black metal grupları
1987'de kurulan müzik grupları
Yunan gotik metal grupları
Müzikal dörtlüler

Rotting Christ


12. etape af Tour de France 2018 gik fra Bourg-Saint-Maurice til L'Alpe d'Huez 19. juli 2018.

Geraint Thomas vandt sin anden etapesejr i træk og forsvarede den gule førertrøje.

Etaperesultater

Samlet efter etapen

Samlede stilling

Pointkonkurrencen

Bjergkonkurrencen

Ungdomskonkurrencen

Holdkonkurrencen

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

12

12. etape af Tour de France 2018


Bennet Sherard,  comte de Harborough ( - ) (créé vicomte Sherard en 1718 et comte de Harborough en 1719) est un pair britannique et membre du Parlement.

Jeunesse
Né le 9 octobre 1677, il est le fils et héritier d'Elizabeth Christopher et , un député du Leicestershire qui est Lord-lieutenant du Rutland. Sa sœur, Lucy Sherard, épouse John Manners (2e duc de Rutland).

Sa mère est la fille et la cohéritière de Robert Christopher d'Alford. Son grand-père paternel , est membre de l'Honorable Band of Gentlemen Pensioners sous le roi Jacques . Par son oncle , également député de Rutland, il est le cousin germain de Bennet Sherard et de Margaret Sherard, l'épouse de John Gilbert, archevêque d'York.

Carrière
En 1700, il succède à son père Bennet en tant que baron Sherard, de Leitrim, et peu de temps après en tant que Lord-lieutenant du Rutland, et est nommé sous-lieutenant du Lincolnshire la même année. Il occupe ces fonctions jusqu'à sa destitution en 1712. De 1701 à 1702, il est député du Leicestershire et revient pour Rutland en 1713.

Il occupe ce siège jusqu'au 19 octobre 1714, date à laquelle il est créé baron Sherard, de Harborough, dans la pairie de Grande-Bretagne, et entre à la Chambre des lords. En 1715, il est nommé à nouveau lord-lieutenant de Rutland, qu'il occupe jusqu'à sa mort. Il est créé vicomte Sherard le 31 octobre 1718 et comte de Harborough le 8 mai 1719.

Vie privée

Le 30 avril 1696, Sherard est marié à Mary Calverley (d. 1702), la fille et cohéritière de Henry Calverley d'Eryholme et Mary Thompson (une fille de Henry Thompson d'Escrick).

Son cousin Philip lui succède comme comte de Harborough, baron Sherard (en Grande-Bretagne et en Irlande) et comme lord-lieutenant ; la vicomté de Sherard s'éteint à sa mort.

Références

Liens externes

Lord-lieutenant du Rutland
Comte de la pairie de Grande-Bretagne
Deputy Lieutenant du Lincolnshire
Décès en octobre 1732
Naissance en octobre 1677

Bennet Sherard (1er comte de Harborough)


Wladimir Anatoljewitsch Schamanow (; * 15. Februar 1957 in Barnaul) ist ein russischer Offizier und Politiker. Das Vorgehen der von ihm kommandierten Militäreinheiten in den Tschetschenienkriegen und die damit verbundenen Opfer unter der tschetschenischen Zivilbevölkerung brachten ihm vonseiten unabhängiger Beobachter, Presseberichterstatter und Menschenrechtsgruppen wiederholt den Vorwurf schwerer Verletzungen des Kriegsvölkerrechts ein.

Biografie

Militärischer Werdegang
Wladimir Schamanow absolvierte die Offiziershochschule der Luftlandetruppen in Rjasan. Nach ihrem Abschluss im Jahr 1978 fungierte er bis Mitte der 1990er Jahre als Kommandeur verschiedener Truppenteile, darunter des 104. Garde-Luftsturmregiments der 76. Garde-Luftsturmdivision in Pskow. Nachdem er 1989 die Frunse-Militärakademie abgeschlossen hatte, diente er u. a. als stellvertretender Kommandeur des 300. Fallschirmjägerregiments der 98. Garde-Luftlandedivision in Iwanowo und als Kommandeur des 328. Garde-Fallschirmjägerregiments der 104. Garde-Luftlandedivision. Von Juli 1994 bis September 1995 war er stellvertretender Kommandeur der 7. Garde-Luftsturmdivision. Nachdem Schamanow 1998 die Generalstabsakademie der Streitkräfte Russlands abgeschlossen hatte, war er zunächst Chef des Stabes bzw. Erster Stellvertretender Kommandeur des Moskauer Militärbezirks und seit August 1999 Befehlshaber des Nordkaukasischen Militärbezirks. Nach einem "Zwischenspiel", u. a. als Gouverneur der Oblast Uljanowsk von 2001 bis 2004, dient er seit November 2007 als "Kontraktoffizier" wieder in den russischen Streitkräften. Per Dekret des russischen Präsidenten vom 24. Mai 2009 wurde er zum Oberbefehlshaber der Luftlandetruppen ernannt. Seit 2012 ist er Generaloberst. Schamanow ist überdies Träger höchster russischer Auszeichnungen und Held der Russischen Föderation.

Kommandeur in den Tschetschenienkriegen
Wladimir Schamanow war im Ersten und Zweiten Tschetschenienkrieg eingesetzt, wo er im Ruf stand, ein "Schlächter des tschetschenischen Volkes" zu sein. In seinen Bemühungen, Territorium zu sichern und den Feind zu vernichten, kümmerte er sich kaum um so genannte Kollateralschäden unter unbeteiligten tschetschenischen Zivilisten. Seiner Logik zufolge war jede Zivilperson, die nicht bereit war, tschetschenische Kämpfer, selbst Väter, Söhne und Brüder, an die Russen zu verraten, gleich zu behandeln wie der Feind und daher zu vernichten. Mit dem von ihm autorisierten brutalen Vorgehen seiner Streitkräfte erwarb er sich auch den Ruf ein Mann zu sein, der seine Mission erfolgreich zu Ende brachte.

Im Zweiten Tschetschenienkrieg agierten seine Truppen nicht minder brutal und ihr Kommandierender unternahm nichts gegen "Pannen", die sich in seinem Kommandobereich ereigneten, wie beispielsweise den Fliegerangriff auf tschetschenische Zivilisten, denen die russischen Streitkräfte zuvor die Ausreise in eine Nachbarrepublik gestattet hatten. Pavel Felgenhauer, ein für die unabhängige russische Tageszeitung Nowaja gaseta arbeitender Militäranalytiker, urteilte im März 2000, dass Putin und die Spitze seiner Militärführung allein durch den von ihnen autorisierten Einsatz von Aerosol- und 1.500-Kilogramm-Bomben, Raketenwerfern des Typs TOS-1 sowie von Raketen des Typs SS-21 "Totschka-U" in Kriegsverbrechen involviert seien. Bis dahin hatte der Krieg bereits mehrere tausend tschetschenische Zivilisten das Leben gekostet. Überdies waren zahlreiche "verdächtige" Tschetschenen vom russischen Militär in so genannten "Filtrationslagern" interniert worden, wo nicht wenige von ihnen gefoltert und ermordet wurden. Schamanow tolerierte auch diese Lager in seinem Machtbereich.

Human Rights Watch forderte die Internationale Gemeinschaft im Juli 2007 dazu auf, gegenüber der russischen Regierung darauf zu bestehen, Ermittlungen gegen Schamanow einzuleiten. Diese Aufforderung beruhte auf einem Prozess vor dem Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte, in dem die Verantwortlichkeit Schamanows für den "massive use of indiscriminate weapons [dt.: "unterschiedslose Waffen"]" und damit verbunden einer Reihe von zivilen Opfern anlässlich einer von ihm kommandierten russischen Militäroperation im südwestlich von Grosny gelegenen Katyr-Jurt im Februar 2000 zutage getreten war. Zuvor hatte sich bereits das Europäische Parlament in einer Entschließung anlässlich einer Sitzung am 19. Januar 2006 auf diesen Prozess bezogen. Darin forderte es im Punkt 13 (von insgesamt 22)

Ähnlich wie in Katyr-Jurt war auch ein Einsatz von Schamanows Truppen Ende November/Anfang Dezember 1999 in Alchan-Jurt, südwestlich von Grosny, verlaufen. Schamanows Männer hatten nach der Vertreibung tschetschenischer Rebellen die Dorfbewohner systematisch ausgeplündert und dabei mindestens ein Dutzend von ihnen ermordet. Human Rights Watch hatte die Vorkommnisse in Alchan-Jurt bereits im April 2000 in einem ausführlichen Bericht dokumentiert. Am 8. Juni 2001 wandte sich die Organisation wegen dieses Massakers in einem offenen Brief an den US-amerikanischen Präsidenten George W. Bush. Darin wurde er aufgefordert darauf zu drängen, dass in Russland eine Untersuchung gegen Schamanow eingeleitet werde, der – so der dargestellte Sachverhalt – von Bewohnern von Alchan-Jurt um Hilfe gebeten worden war, aber nichts getan hatte, um das Massaker zu stoppen.

Kommandeur im Kaukasuskrieg und Gouverneur von Uljanowsk
Bereits während des letzten Tschetschenienkriegs hatte sich Schamanow dafür ausgesprochen, den "verräterischen" Georgiern, die in russischen Militärkreisen als heimliche Unterstützer der Tschetschenen galten, eine Lektion zu erteilen. Diese Gelegenheit erhielt er schließlich im August 2008, wo er während des Kaukasuskrieges Oberbefehlshaber der russischen Truppen in Abchasien war.

Schamanow setzte sich auch für den in Russland wegen Kriegsverbrechen verurteilten Juri Dmitrijewitsch Budanow ein, der während des Zweiten Tschetschenienkriegs die 18-jährige Elsa Kungajewa misshandelt und ermordet hatte – ein Verbrechen, das auch bei zahlreichen russischen Offizieren für Abscheu gesorgt hatte. Von 2001 bis 2004 war Schamanow Gouverneur der Oblast Uljanowsk, "one of the poorest, turned into a mere source of raw materials for big companies based elsewhere and, worse, into a rubbish tip for waste materials", wie die mittlerweile ermordete russische Reporterin und Menschenrechtsaktivistin Anna Politkowskaja in einem ihrer Bücher schrieb. Dort heißt es über Schamanows Tätigkeit als Gouverneur weiter:

Oberbefehlshaber der russischen Luftlandetruppen
Nach seiner von den Medien als erfolglos bezeichneten Amtszeit als Gouverneur wurde Schamanow, mittlerweile im Rang eines Generalleutnants, Oberbefehlshaber der russischen Luftlandetruppen. In dieser Funktion handelte er sich im Herbst 2009 wegen des Missbrauchs seiner dienstlichen Stellung für private Zwecke eine Rüge von Verteidigungsminister Anatoli Serdjukow ein. Schamanow hatte zwei Gruppen Spezialeinheiten der Fallschirmjäger in eine Wodka-Fabrik beordert, die damals seinem Schwiegersohn gehörte. Dort sollten sie Ermittler der Moskauer Staatsanwaltschaft an einer Durchsuchung hindern. Für russische Verhältnisse eher ungewöhnlich an diesem Fall war laut Medienberichten auch, dass Beweise für Schamanows Missbrauch der ihm unterstellten Militäreinheiten an die Öffentlichkeit gelangten und in der Zeitung Nowaja gaseta veröffentlicht wurden.

Im Zusammenhang mit der völkerrechtswidrigen russischen Annexion der Krim wurde Schamanow am 12. Mai 2014 als Nummer 2 in die "Liste der Personen und Einrichtungen nach Artikel 1" der "Verordnung (EU) Nr. 269/2014 über restriktive Maßnahmen angesichts von Handlungen, die die territoriale Unversehrtheit, Souveränität und Unabhängigkeit der Ukraine untergraben oder bedrohen" aufgenommen. Als Begründung dafür wurde angeführt, dass Schamanow in seiner Funktion als "Kommandeur der luftgestützten russischen Truppen […] verantwortlich für die Stationierung luftgestützter russischer Streitkräfte auf der Krim" gewesen sei. Der Europäischen Union waren hinsichtlich dieser Maßnahme in den folgenden Monaten einige weitere Staaten gefolgt, darunter Kanada und Australien, nicht aber die USA.

Literatur
 Ray Finch: One Face of the Modern Russian Army: General Vladimir Shamanov. In: Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 24:396–427, 2011. (online; PDF; 512 kB)

Weblinks

 Biographie auf der Website des russischen Verteidigungsministeriums (englisch)

Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen

Person in den Tschetschenienkriegen
Militärperson (Sowjetunion)
Militärperson (Russische Föderation)
Oberhaupt eines Föderationssubjekts (Russland)
Kriegsverbrechen
Person (Oblast Uljanowsk)
Person auf der EU-Sanktionsliste infolge der russischen Annexion der Krim
Held der Russischen Föderation
Träger des Ordens des Heiligen Georg
Sowjetbürger
Russe
Geboren 1957
Mann

Wladimir Anatoljewitsch Schamanow


Aceasta este o listă de oameni de știință care au lucrat sau lucrează și în prezent în domeniul informaticii din România. Lista include oameni de știință precum matematicieni, teoreticieni, programatori și cercetători care au contribuit semnificativ în dezvoltarea și promovarea domeniului informaticii din România și au stabilit elementele de bază ale computerelor moderne (lucrul cu algoritmi, teoria informației, teoria complexității etc).

A
Mircea Adam (structuri de date, sisteme de operare, baze de date)
Adrian Atanasiu (limbaje formale și automate, tehnici de compilare)

B
Andrei Baranga (sisteme de operare, fundamentele limbajelor de programare, informatica algebrică)
Tudor Bălănescu (limbaje formale și automate, tehnici de compilare)
Octavian Bâscă (sisteme de operare, teoria grafurilor, structuri de date, baze de date)
Anton Bătătorescu (baze de date, cercetări operaționale)
Șerban Buzețeanu (limbaje formale, calculabilitate)

C
Cristian Calude (limbaje formale și automate, complexitatea calculului)
Gheorghe Cartianu-Popescu (cercetări în domeniul teoriei și practicii modulației de frecvență)
Virgil Căzănescu (limbaje formale și automate, logică matematică)
Rodica Ceterchi (structuri de date și algoritmi, teoria categoriilor și algebră universală)
Mihail Cherciu (fundamentele algebrice ale informaticii, structuri algebrice în programare)

D
Mihai Drăgănescu (dezvoltarea teoriei tuburilor electronice și dispozitivelor semiconductoare)
Ioan Dzițac (calcul paralel, sisteme distribuite, inteligență artificială)

E
Denis Enăchescu (modele de simulare, statistică și procese stochastice, bioinformatică)

F
Dan Farcaș (informatică)
Gheorghe Farkas (calculatorul DACICC-1 și DACICC-200)

G
Constantin Gaindric  (cercetări matematică aplicată și informatică)
Horia Georgescu (sinteza algoritmilor, tehnici de programare)
Marian Gheorghe (tehnici de compilare)
Sorin Grindeanu (baze de date)

Marius Guran (rețele de calculatoare, unul din pionierii informaticii românești)

H
Dragomir Hurmuzescu (fondatorul învățământului electrotehnic din România)

I

J

K
Iosif Kaufmann (pionier al calculatoarelor MECIPT)

L
Leon Livovschi (bazele informaticii, mecanisme cu contacte și relee, limbaje formale, sinteza algoritmilor)
Wilhelm Lowenfeld (pionier al calculatoarelor MECIPT)

M
Mihaela Malița (LISP și inteligență artificială, limbaje formale)
Mircea Malița (programarea pătratică, programarea neliniară, inteligența artificială)
Ioan Mang (automatizări și calculatoare)
Solomon Marcus (lingvistică matematică, teoria automatelor, poetica matematică)
Alexandru Mateescu (limbaje formale și tehnici de compilare)
Victor Mitrana (tehnici de programare, limbaje formale și automate, bioinformatică)
Grigore Moisil (bazele informaticii, teoria algebrică a mecanismelor automate, elemente de logică matematică, mașini de calcul, programarea calculatoarelor, matematică pentru științe umaniste)
Grigor Moldovan (programe FORTRAN, COBOL)
Emil Muntean (unul dintre pionierii domeniului conducând echipa care a creat software-ul pentru calculatorul DACICC-200)

N
Liviu Negrescu (Institutul de Calcul "Tiberiu Popoviciu" Cluj-Napoca, elaborarea software-ului primelor calculatoare electronice românești DACICC-1 și DACICC-200.
Radu Nicolescu (gramatici, limbaje formale și automate, tehnici de compilare)

O
Ștefan Odobleja (cibernetică generalizată)

P
Varujan Pambuccian (informatică)
Miklós Patrubány
Gheorghe Păun (calculabilitate, complexitatea calculului, calcul molecular)
Mihai Pătrașcu (informatică teoretică)
Bogdan Pătruț (prelucrarea limbajului natural, programarea orientată pe obiecte)
Emil Perjeriu (informatică, metode numerice, sisteme de operare)
Adrian Petrescu (proiectarea și implementarea sistemelor de procesare a datelor)
Marin Popa (sisteme informatice, programarea calculatoarelor, teoria grafurilor)
Ileana Popescu (probabilități, structuri de date, baze de date)
Liliana Popescu (limbaje formale, programare)
Radu Popescu-Zeletin (sisteme și aplicații distribuite de calculatoare)
Constantin P. Popovici (bazele informaticii, limbaje formale și automate)
Tiberiu Popoviciu (bazele informaticii, analiză numerică)

R
Paul Radovici - Mărculescu (informatică, metode numerice)
Nicolae Robu (arhitectura calculatoarelor, programare Java, rețele neuronale)
Alexandru Rogojan (inițiatorul înființării primei secții de calculatoare electronice din România la Politehnica din Timișoara)
Sergiu Rudeanu (limbaje formale și automate, funcții booleene, logică matematică)

S
Gheorghe Săsărman (programare, sisteme de operare)
Armand Segal (elaborarea calculatoarelor CIFA)
Florin Serbu (pionier în educația informatizată)
Liviu Sofonea (limbaje formale și automate, sisteme de operare, programare, informatică)
Luminița State (modele probabiliste, inteligența artificială, programarea logică)
Ion Stoica (calcul distribuit și rețele de calculatoare)
Ileana Streinu (LISP și inteligență artificială, geometrie computațională)

Ș
Gheorghe Ștefănescu (fundamentele algebrice ale informaticii, arhitectura calculatoarelor, scheme de programe)
Poliana Ștefănescu (informatică, statistică matematică, programarea calculatoarelor)
Ștefan Ștefănescu (programarea calculatoarelor, statistică cu aplicatii în științele sociale)

T
Tudor Tănăsescu (unul dintre fondatorii școlii românești de electronică și radiotehnică
Monica Tătărâm (teoria limbajelor formale, semiotica aplicată în informatică)
Victor Toma (a realizat calculatorul CIFA-1)
Ioan Tomescu (grafuri și programarea liniară, structuri de date)

Ț
Nicolae Țăndăreanu (limbaje formale și automate, gramatici, programare)

U

V
Dragoș Vaida (programarea calculatoarelor, informatică aplicată, limbaje formale și tehnici de compilare, structuri matematice discrete)
Nicolae Vasilescu-Karpen (electrotehnică, construiește la Băneasa primul telegraf fără fir din estul Europei)
Ion Văduva (modele de simulare, programare, modele probabiliste)
Constantin Virgil Negoiță (sisteme informatice)
Marin Vlada (grafică pe calculator, inteligență artificială, programarea logică, informatică aplicată

W

Y

Z

Vezi și
 Lista oamenilor de știință în tehnologia informației
 Academia Oamenilor de Știință din România
 Istoria informaticii în România

Note

Legături externe

Informatica românească
Liste de oameni de știință
Pionieri ai computerelor

Lista oamenilor de știință români din tehnologia informației


كُرْكِيَّات الشكل  هي  من الطيور تتبع  زقزاقيات الشكل من  الطيور الحديثة.

الرتيبات
 الكركياويات (الاسم العلمي:Grues)
 السرياماويات (الاسم العلمي:مقنزعيات)
 الواقاويات الشمسية (الاسم العلمي:Eurypygae)

المراجع

أصنوفات سماها شارل لوسيان بونابرت
كركيات
رتب تصنيفية في الطباشيري المتأخر

كركيات الشكل


Meteor şu anlamlara gelebilir:

 Meteoroit, uzayda seyahat eden küçük, kayalık veya metalik bir cisim.
 Meteorit, Dünya atmosferinden geçerken hayatta kalan ve Dünya yüzeyine düşen katı bir enkaz parçası.
 Meteor yağmuru, meteorların Dünya atmosferine girmesiyle oluşan doğa olayı
 Meteor Füzesi, uzun menzilli bir füze

Meteor (anlam ayrımı)


Sangeac-bei, sanjak-bey sau -beg (însemnând "beiul unui sangeac") a fost titlul dat în Imperiul Otoman unui bei (un funcționar de rang înalt, dar care nu era de obicei un pașă) numit pentru a comanda administrativ și militar un district (sangeac, în arabă liwa'''), subordonat unui wāli sau unui guvernator provincial. În cazuri foarte rare un sangeac-bei răspundea direct față de conducerea imperială de la Istanbul.

Ca și alți funcționari administrativi otomani existenți din vechime, sangeac-beiul avea o origine militară: termenul de sangeac (și liva) înseamnă "steag" sau "stindard" și se referă la simbolurile purtate în vreme de război de cavaleriștii care dețineau feude (timars sau ziamets) într-o regiune specifică. Sangeac-beiul era la rândul său subordonat unui beilerbei ("bei al beilor"), care guvernat un eyalet și îi comanda pe sangeac-beii subordonați în război. În acest fel, structura de comandă pe câmpul de luptă semăna cu ierarhia administrației provinciale.

Funcțiile unui sangeac-bei erau similare cu cele ale unui beilerbei, dar la o scară mai modestă. Ca și beilerbeiul, sangeac-beiul'' colecta impozitele stabilite pe veniturile obținute de orașe, cheiuri și porturi. În propriul său sangeac, un guvernator era responsabil, mai presus de toate, cu menținerea ordinii și, în cooperare cu funcționarii polițienești, cu prinderea și pedepsirea răufăcătorilor. Pentru aceasta, el primea, de obicei, jumătate din sumele confiscate de la tâlhari, în timp ce moșierul pe pământul căruia avea loc fapta primea cealaltă jumătate. Guvernatorii sangeacurilor aveau și alte atribuții ca, de exemplu, urmărirea bandiților, cercetarea și judecarea ereticilor, aprovizionarea armatei sau expedierea materialelor pentru construcția navelor, după cum comanda sultanul.

Note

Funcționari ai Imperiului Otoman

Sangeac-bei


O WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival é um festival de cinema norte-americano, com sede na cidade texana de Houston. É considerado o terceiro festival de cinema e vídeo independente mais antigo do mundo. Fundada em 1968 como International Film Society, o evento é realizado anualmente em abril.

O premio oferecido no festival é o "Remi Award", homenagem conferida ao pintor, ilustrador, escultor e escritor americano Frederic Remington.

Ligações externas
 Worldfest.org

WorldFest-Houston
Cinema independente


An Kreodanthus corniculatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Leslie Andrew Garay. An Kreodanthus corniculatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Kreodanthus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Cuba. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Kreodanthus

Kreodanthus corniculatus


Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau (Association industrielle pour la construction de véhicules), généralement abrégé en IFA, était un conglomérat d'État et une union d'entreprises de construction automobile en Allemagne de l'Est.

IFA était formé de Kombinate, entreprises contrôlées par l'État communiste reprenant les entreprises d'avant-guerre, privatisées. Le conglomérat a produit des bicyclettes, des motos, des véhicules utilitaires légers, des automobiles, des camionnettes et des poids lourds. Tous les constructeurs automobiles est-allemands en faisaient partie, dont , EMW (qui fabriquait des Wartburg), , MZ, , , Sachsenring (qui fabriquait les Trabant) et Simson.

Production

Les voitures IFA étaient basées sur des modèles DKW d'avant-guerre et fabriquées dans l'ancienne usine Horch à Zwickau. La F8 avait un moteur bicylindre de , la F9 un tricylindre de . Les carrosseries F8 étaient des copies conformes de modèles d'avant-guerre, sauf certaines plus modernes de Baur de Stuttgart, alors en Allemagne de l'Ouest. Les voitures à moteur tricylindre (F9) n'étaient pas entrées en production avant le déclenchement de la guerre en 1939, et avaient donc des carrosseries plus modernes similaires aux DKW ouest-allemandes. Plus de  et  ont été construites. IWL a produit des camions W50 et L60 ainsi que des camions légers et des fourgonnettes Robur.

Le logo IFA est retiré des voitures en 1956, les F8 deviennent des Zwickau P70, et la F9 devient la Wartburg dont la production est transférée à Eisenach.

Galerie de véhicules

Deux-roues

Voitures

Transporteur et camions

Notes et références

Liens externes

Constructeur automobile ayant son siège en Allemagne de l'Est
Constructeur de cycles ayant son siège en Allemagne
Constructeur motocycle ayant son siège en Allemagne

IFA (entreprise)


Báhoň este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Pezinok din regiunea Bratislava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.840 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Báhoň este atestată documentar din 1244.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Báhoň


Kuglački klub Plitvice je muški kuglački klub iz naselja Plitvička Jezera, Općina Plitvička Jezera, Ličko-senjska županija, Hrvatska.

O klubu
1980. godine je izgrađena automatska kuglana kod hotela "Jezero" u okviru Nacionalnog parka "Plitvička jezera", u naselju Jezerce, iz kojeg će kasnije nastati samostalno naselje Plitvička Jezera.
Klub je službeno osnovan u svibnju 1981. godine u okviru RSKUD Plitvice, a klub je pod nazivom KK "Plitvice" djelovao u okviru radne organizacije NP "Plitvička jezera". Klub se u jesen 1981. uključio u prvenstvo zajednice općina Like. Osvaja svoje regionalna prvenstva 1987., 1988. i 1990. godine, ali se ne uspijeva kvalificirati u Hrvatsku ligu. Klub je uz redovna ligaška natjecanja također sudjelovao i u pojedinačnom natjecanju, natjecanju u parovima, narodnim načinom te raznim turnirima.
Do prekida rada kluba dolazi 31. ožujka 1991., odnosno "Krvavog Uskrsa" i početka Domovinskog rata i agresije na Hrvatsku.
Završetkom rata, krajem 1995. godine, ne dolazi do obnove kluba - kuglana je bila uništena tijeom rata, a njena obnova počinje 1999. godine. 2006. godine dolazi do obnove kluba, te se uključuje u ligaška natjecanja na području regije "Zapad".
Klub tradicionalno početkom godine organizira memorijalni turnir "Plitvice 91" u spomen na događaje "Krvavog Uskrsa" i prvu žrtvu Domovinskog rata  - Josipa Jovića.
Od 2013. je pri klubu je osnovan i ženski klub.

Uspjesi
 1. B liga
 doprvak: 2016./17. (jug - zona Zapad), 2018./19. (Jug)

 4. HKL - Zapad
 prvak: 2009./10.

Pregled plasmana po sezonama

Poznati igrači

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Ženski kuglački klub Plitvice Plitvička Jezera
Jezerce
 Plitvička Jezera (naselje)
Plitvička jezera (općina)
 Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera

Vanjske poveznice
 kkplitvice.hr - službena stranica
 Kuglački klub Plitvice, facebook stranica
 sportilus.com, KUGLAČKI KLUB PLITVICE

Izvori
 kk-plitvice, O nama - OSNOVNI PODACI O RADU KLUBA OD 1981. – 1991. TE OD 2006. – 2014. , pristupljeno 31. svibnja 2019.
 clone.jako.hr.81-169-169-162.tako-lako.com, Kuglački klub "Plitvice" , pristupljeno 31. svibnja 2019.

Plitvice

Kuglački klub Plitvice Plitvička Jezera


Jean-Baptiste de Belloy (Senlis, 9 de outubro de 1709 – Paris, 10 de junho de 1808) foi um cardeal italiano.

Nascimento
Nasceu em Castelo de Morangles, Senlis em 9 de outubro de 1709, França. De uma antiga família nobre. Filho de Philippe Sébastien de Belloy (1654-1736), marquês de Morangles e sua segunda esposa, Jeanne Louise d'Auchy (ca. 1674–1751). Dois de seus irmãos entraram na Ordem dos Premostratenses; um deles, por parte de pai, foi Jacques-Tranquille de Belloy (1694?–1773) abade Regular Premonstratense de Corneux (Besançon) (1757–1773). Seu sobrenome também está listado como Belloy-Morangle.

Educação
Clássicos e teológicos, Paris; Seminário Saint-Sulpice, Paris (filosofia e teologia); Universidade La Sorbonne , Paris (licenciado em teologia, 1736); Faculdade Teológica, Paris (doutorado em teologia, 1737).

Sacerdócio
Ordenado em 19 de dezembro de 1733, Paris. Em Beauvais, cônego do capítulo da catedral por quinze anos; arquidiácono por quatro anos; vigário geral por seis anos. Em 1749, recebeu em comenda uma abadia na diocese de Avignon, que trocou pela abadia de Cormeilles, diocese de Lisieux em 1766. Em 3 de outubro de 1751, foi apresentado pelo rei da França para a sé de Glandèves.

Episcopado
Eleito bispo de Glandèves, em 20 de dezembro de 1751. Consagrada, em 30 de janeiro de 1752, capela do Seminário de Saint-Sulpice, Paris, por Étienne-René Potier de Gesvres, bispo de Beauvais, assistido por Charles de Grimaldi, bispo de Rodez, e por Henri de La Tour du Pin-Montauban, bispo de Riez. Participou na Assembleia do Clero de 1755. Transferido para a sé de Marselha, a 4 de agosto de 1755. Durante a Revolução Francesa, não aceitou a Constituição Civil do Clero de 1790, refugiando-se em Chambly, perto da sua terra natal . Nunca saiu da França. Ele foi o primeiro bispo a renunciar à sua sé em 21 de setembro de 1801, quando foi suprimida pela Concordata de 1801 entre a França e a Santa Sé, dando um exemplo que influenciou muito outros bispos franceses. Nomeado pelo imperador Napoleão I Bonaparte, que ficou muito satisfeito com este ato de devoção à Igreja e ao Estado, à sede metropolitana de Paris em 9 de abril de 1802; a nomeação foi aceita pelo cardeal legado, Giovanni Battista Caprara, em 10 de abril de 1802; e confirmado por bula apostólica de 14 de setembro de 1802. Apesar de sua idade muito avançada, governou sua nova diocese com grande vigor e inteligência; reorganizou as paróquias e deu-lhes bons párocos; e visitou seu rebanho pessoalmente. Ele restaurou a Coroa de Espinhos em 10 de agosto de 1806, ao seu lugar de honra na Sainte Chapelle, o que muito agradou ao imperador. Ele inventou o filtro para cafeteiras. Foi promovido a cardinalato a pedido do imperador Napoleão I. Giovanni Battista Caprara em 10 de abril de 1802; e confirmado por bula apostólica de 14 de setembro de 1802. Apesar de sua idade muito avançada, governou sua nova diocese com grande vigor e inteligência; reorganizou as paróquias e deu-lhes bons párocos; e visitou seu rebanho pessoalmente. Ele restaurou a Coroa de Espinhos em 10 de agosto de 1806, ao seu lugar de honra na Sainte Chapelle, o que muito agradou ao imperador. Ele inventou o filtro para cafeteiras. Foi promovido a cardinalato a pedido do imperador Napoleão I. Giovanni Battista Caprara em 10 de abril de 1802; e confirmado por bula apostólica de 14 de setembro de 1802. Apesar de sua idade muito avançada, governou sua nova diocese com grande vigor e inteligência; reorganizou as paróquias e deu-lhes bons párocos; e visitou seu rebanho pessoalmente. Ele restaurou a Coroa de Espinhos em 10 de agosto de 1806, ao seu lugar de honra na Sainte Chapelle, o que muito agradou ao imperador. Ele inventou o filtro para cafeteiras. Foi promovido a cardinalato a pedido do imperador Napoleão I.

Cardinalado
Criado cardeal sacerdote no consistório de 17 de janeiro de 1803; recebeu o chapéu vermelho e o título de S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, em 1.º de fevereiro de 1805, em Paris. Senador da Légion d'honneur e promovido a grand aigle , 2 de fevereiro de 1805; conde do Império Francês, 1.º de março de 1808. Recebeu o Papa Pio VII na catedral de Notre Dame, em Paris, quando este foi coroar o imperador Napoleão I.

Morte
Morreu em Paris em 10 de junho de 1808, Paris, em 98, de rhume catharral (resfriados catarrais); seus últimos momentos foram muito edificantes; dirigiu-se à família dizendo "apprenez a mourir" (aprender a morrer). Exposto e enterrado na catedral metropolitana, onde também ocorreu o funeral; a missa de réquiem composta por Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart foi interpretada; e a oração fúnebre foi proferida pelo cardeal Jean-Siffrid Maury. Seu memorial está na capela de São Marcel naquela catedral. O monumento, projetado por Louis-Pierre Deseine, erguido pelo imperador Napoleão I em sua homenagem, é um dos mais belos daquela catedral.

Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Pio VII

Jean-Baptiste de Belloy


Sang til undren er det tiende studiealbum fra den danske rocksanger Michael Falch. Det blev udgivet den 24. september 2007. Musikmagasinet GAFFA gav albummet fem ud af seks stjerner. Albummet toppede som #9 på Hitlistens Album Top-40 og nåede tre uger på listen.

Spor
 "En Af Os"
 "Rock'N Roll"
 "Farvel Elisabeth"
 "Ild"
 "Hvorfor Vil Jeg Være Rig?"
 "Lad Mig Lige Se Dig"
 "Dit Sande Ansigt"
 "Forkæl Dig Selv"
 "Ikke Mere Min"
 "Tak Til Jer Der Bar"
 "Sang Til Undren"

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
Sang til undren på AllMusic
Sang til undren på Discogs

Michael Falch-album
Album fra 2007

Sang til undren


Der Parque da Bela Vista ist eine Parkanlage in der Stadtgemeinde Marvila der portugiesischen Hauptstadt Lissabon. Mit einer Fläche von 85.000 m² ist er eine der größten Grünanlagen der Stadt.

Der Park wurde auf dem Gelände einer ehemaligen Quinta angelegt, deren ländlicher Charakter blieb dabei erhalten. Er dient als Naherholungsgebiet für die Stadtviertel Chelas und Bela Vista.

In den Jahren 2004, 2006, 2008 und 2012 fand im Park das Musikfestival Rock in Rio statt, auch vom 18.–26. Juni 2022 lief das Festival in Lissabon wie geplant. Allein 2004 besuchten 386.000 Besucher das Festival in Lissabon.

Weblinks
 Parque da Belavista auf der Website der Stadt Lissabon (portugiesisch)

Einzelnachweise

Bela Vista
Marvila (Lissabon)

Parque da Bela Vista


Die US Open 2003 im Badminton fanden vom 9. bis zum 13. September 2003 in Orange statt.

Austragungsort
Orange County Badminton Club, Orange

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks
tournamentsoftware.com

2003
US Open
Badminton 2003
Badmintonwettbewerb in Orange (Kalifornien)

US Open 2003 (Badminton)


President Roosevelt may refer to:
 Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), 26th president of the United States
 Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt, his presidency
 Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945), 32nd president of the United States and fifth cousin of the 26th president
 Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, his presidency

Other uses
 , several ships by the name
 , a oceanliner that was requisitioned for service as a troopship with the U.S. Navy
 , a U.S. Navy troopship
 President Theodore Roosevelt High School

See also
 Roosevelt (disambiguation)
 Roosevelt family

President Roosevelt


New Blood es el noveno álbum de estudio como solista del británico Peter Gabriel, lanzado el 10 de octubre de 2011. El álbum consiste en re-grabaciones orquestales de diferentes canciones que abarcan toda la carrera discográfica de Gabriel.

Características

La idea del álbum fue una continuación del proyecto que comenzó con su álbum anterior Scratch My Back que consistió en versiones orquestales de canciones de otros artistas. La idea para el álbum surgió luego de realizar los arreglos a  las canciones de Gabriel para orquesta en la segunda mitad de la gira Scratch My Back Tour (2010). En este disco Gabriel sigue trabajando con el arreglador John Metcalfe. El disco fue anunciado por Gabriel durante el lanzamiento de su Full Moon Club y fue precedido por la salida de una versión orquestal de la canción «Washing of the water» junto con otra versión de la canción «The Book of love» de la banda The Magnetic Fields como un sencillo de dos lados.

Lista de canciones

Referencias

Álbumes de Inglaterra de 2011
Álbumes de Virgin Records
Álbumes conceptuales
Álbumes en inglés
Álbumes de Peter Gabriel

New Blood


NGC 6897 je spiralna galaktika u zviježđu Jarcu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6897
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6897 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
   DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6850 - 6899

6897

NGC 6897


The Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) is a common species of wren that is a resident in the eastern half of the United States of America, the extreme south of Ontario, Canada, and the extreme northeast of Mexico. Severe winters restrict the northern limits of their range, while favorable weather conditions lead to a northward extension of their breeding range. Their preferred habitat is in dense cover in forest, farm edges, and suburban areas. This wren is the state bird of South Carolina.

Seven recognized subspecies occur across the range of these wrens and they differ slightly in song and appearance. The birds are generally inconspicuous, avoiding the open for extended periods of time. When out in the open, they investigate their surroundings and are rarely stationary. After finding a mate, pairs maintain a territory and stay together for several years. Both males and females give out alarm calls, but only males sing to advertise territory. Carolina wrens raise multiple broods during the summer breeding season, but can fall victim to brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds, among other species. Some populations have been affected by mercury contamination.

Taxonomy
The Carolina wren was first described under the name of Sylvia ludoviciana by John Latham in 1790. Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot considered all wrens under the genus Troglodytes and called the Carolina wren Troglodytes arundinaceus, but placed it subsequently in a separate genus Thryothorus (initially misspelled Thriothorus
) that he created in 1816.

Etymology
The genus name Thryothorus is of Greek origin from the combination of the noun θρύον : thrýon ("rush, reed") and the adjective θοῦρος : thoũros ("rushing, impetuous"; derivative of verb θρῴσκειν : thrōskein to leap up, spring, jump at).  Thus, Thryothorus
means 'reed jumper'.

Its specific name ludovicianus is a post-classical Latin term for Ludovicus (derivative from Louis XIV) that means 'of Louisiana' that identifies the locality of the specimen collected near New Orleans.

Species
Thryothorus used to be the largest genus in the family Troglodytidae, with 27 species, but molecular phylogenetic studies revealed that it represented a polyphyletic assemblage of at least four independent clades now recognized at the genus level. The Carolina wren is now the only species within this genus.

The seven recognized subspecies of the Carolina wren are:

T. l. ludovicianus (Latham, 1790) – southeast Canada (southern Ontario, irregularly in eastern and southern Quebec) and the eastern United States (southern Wisconsin and New England southward to Texas and northern Florida)
T. l. miamensis Florida wren (Ridgway, 1875) – Florida from approximately 30°N (Gainesville) region southward through the rest of the state
T. l. nesophilus (Stevenson, 1973) – Dog Island in northwestern Florida
T. l. burleighi – Burleigh's Carolina wren (Lowery, 1940) Offshore islands off of the Mississippi coast: Cat Island, Ship Island (Mississippi), and Horn Island
T. l. lomitensis – Lomita wren (Sennett, 1890) southern Texas to the extreme northeast of Mexico (Tamaulipas)
T. l. berlandieri – Berlandier's wren (S. F. Baird, 1858) - northeastern Mexico (eastern Coahuila, Nuevo León, and southwestern Tamaulipas)
T. l. tropicalis – northeastern Mexico (eastern San Luis Potosí and southern Tamaulipas)
T. ludovicianus is traditionally placed within its own genus as its only representative of North America, but recent DNA work suggests it is closely allied with the Bewick's wren. A distinct population in the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico, Belize, Nicaragua, and in Guatemala is treated as a separate species, either known as Cabot's wren or white-browed wren (Thryothorus albinucha). It is considered a subspecies of T. ludovicianus by some authors, however.

Description

At  long, with a  wingspan and a weight of about , the Carolina wren is a fairly large wren; the second largest in the United States species after the cactus wren. Among standard measurements, the wing chord is , the tail is , the culmen is  and the tarsus is . Sexual dimorphism is slight with males being larger than their mates. A study indicated that of 42 mated pairs, every male but one was larger than the female of the pair. The males were on average 11 percent heavier along with having longer wing chords.

Several differences are seen among the subspecies. For T. l. ludovicianus, the crown is rich brown that appears more chestnut-colored on its rump and upper tail coverts. Shoulders and greater coverts are a rich brown, with a series of small white dots on the lesser primary coverts. The secondary coverts are rich brown with a darker brown barring on both webs; the bars on the primaries are on the outerwebs only, but darker and more noticeable. The rectrices are brown with 18 to 20 bars that span across the tail. The white supercilious streak borders thinly with a black above and below, and extends above and beyond its shoulders. The ear coverts are speckled gray and grayish-black. Its chin and throat are grey that becomes buff on its chest, flank and belly, though the latter two are of a warmer color. The underwing coverts sport a grayish buff color. Its iris is reddish-brown, the upper mandible is lemon-colored and paler at the base and lower mandible. The legs are flesh-colored.

As for the other subspecies in contrast to T. l. ludovicianus, T. l. berlandieri is of a slightly smaller build, but possesses a larger bill, the upperparts are duller brown with deeper colored underparts, T. l. lomitensis is of a duller color (than either ludovicianus or berlandieri) with its underparts either pale or almost white, T. l. miamensis contains darker rusty chestnut upperparts and deeper colored below. T. l. burleighi is duller and sootier with less distinct tail markings, T. l. mesophilus has paler underparts and a whiter supercilium, and T. l. tropicalis is darker than all races, and contains heavier bars than T. l. berlandieri.

Plumage
The juvenile T.l. ludovicianus is similar in appearance, but the plumage is generally paler; a softer texture, buff-tipped wing coverts, and a paler superciliary streak. In August and September, the partial plumage molt for the post-juvenile wrens is darker in color and affects the contour plumage, wing coverts, tail and develops a whiter superciliary stripe. The post-nuptial molt for adults in the same time period is more pronounced in color than the spring molt, with both sexes similar in appearance.

Life span

Survival rates differ by region. A male captured in Arkansas lived to be at least 73 months old, and in Alabama, the oldest female and male captured were six and ten years old, respectively. In a survival probability mark-and-recapture study conducted within the Southeastern United States from 1992 to 2003, roughly 90 percent of the banded wrens died within 10 years.

Similar species
The easiest species to confuse with the Carolina wren is Bewick's wren, which differs in being smaller but with a longer tail, grayer-brown above and whiter below. The Carolina and white-browed wrens differ from the house wren in being larger, with a decidedly longer bill and hind toe; their culmen has a notch behind the tip.

Habitat and distribution

These birds are largely resident, and will only disperse beyond their range after mild winters. Carolina wrens sporadically breed as far north as Maine and Quebec after mild winters. In certain parts of their range, such as most of Iowa, prolonged periods of snow can curtail potential expansion. Permanent breeding locations range from eastern Nebraska, southern Michigan, southeast Ontario and the New England states to Mexican states such as Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas and the Gulf Coast of the United States. Local occurrences with infrequent and likely breeding locations include southeast South Dakota, central Kansas, eastern Colorado, western Oklahoma and Texas as far as Maine and New Brunswick. There have been occasional vagrants spotted in Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, Wyoming, South Dakota, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

The range of the wrens increased northward and westward in several regions over the past few centuries. In Massachusetts, the wrens had expanded westward and northeastward from its former southeastern location in approximately 35 years, in New York the population increased three-fold in roughly 25 years, while in the midwest states of Ohio and Michigan, numbers have increased since the mid-1800s and early 1900s, respectively. Expansion around Ontario occurred since early reports in 1890 and 1905. Explanations given include infrequent winter storms in the 20th century, expanded forest habitats, and the wrens taking advantage of urban areas containing feeders, especially in winter. From 1966 to 2015 the Carolina wren experienced a greater than 1.5% annual population increase throughout most of its northern range, extending from southern Maine to southern Nebraska.

Carolina wrens adapt to various habitats. Natural habitats include various types of woodland such as oak hardwoods and mixed oak-pine woodlands, ash and elmwoods, hickory-oak woodlands with a healthy amount of tangled undergrowth. The preferred habitats are riparian forest, brushy edges, swamps, overgrown farmland, and suburban yards with abundant thick shrubs and trees, and parks. It has an affinity for dilapidated buildings and unkempt yards in man-made areas. Subspecies burleighi and neophilus inhabit slash pine and palmettos.

Behavior

Song and calls

Carolina wrens sing year round and at any point during the daytime, with the exception of performing during the most harsh weather conditions.  Males alone sing, and have a repertoire of at least twenty different phrase patterns and on average, thirty two. One of these patterns is repeated for several minutes, and although the male's song can be repeated up to twelve times, the general number of songs range from three to five times in repetition. While singing, the tail of the birds is pointed downward. Some general vocalizations have been transcribed as teakettle-teakettle-teakettle and cheery-cheery-cheery. Various descriptions of the teakettle song include whee-udel, whee-udel, whee-udel, che-wortel, che-wortel and túrtee-túrtee-túrtee and familiar names and phrases such as sweet heart, sweet heart, come to me, come to me, sweet William, and Richelieu, Richelieu.

Males are capable of increasing their repertoire through song learning, but due to their sedentary nature and territorial defense habits, the song learning must occur within the first three months of life. Geographic barriers affect song repertoire size from male wrens, as one study indicated that distances separated as close as  by water barriers can have the same effect as that of a distance of  in the mainland with no barriers.

Female Carolina wrens possess song control regions that would appear to make them capable of singing with repertoires like the male. Due to vocalizations that they occasionally make with the male, it has been suggested that song perception plays a role and is of behavioral relevance.

Different subspecies have variations in songs and calls, such as miamensis having a more rapid song that contains more notes than the races that are further north.

Their songs can be confused with the Kentucky warbler. The song patterns are similar, but the warbler's songs are described as richer, with more ringing and a hurried pace. Other bird species with songs described as akin to the wren are the flicker, Baltimore oriole, grey catbird, and more specifically the peto, peto, peto call of the tufted titmouse and the whistle of the northern cardinal. Occasionally, the wrens mimic other species; in Pennsylvania this trait has caused the bird to be also known as the 'mocking wren'.

Sexual selection
A 2006 study suggested that the correlation of tail length and body size in males, wing length in females, and lifespan for both sexes were signs of individual quality, and the wrens of high quality tend to mate with like individuals. The courting and antagonistic encounters that involve the tail fanning and wing drooping was suggested to be a possible signaling use. Age and life experience are not thought of as significant for potential mates due to their relatively short lifespan and sedentary lifestyle. Due to the large size of male wrens and the male's vigor in defending its territory, intrasexual selection was given as a possible explanation for the sexual dimorphism.

Territorial and predator defense
Both sexes are involved in defending the territory. One aspect of territorial defense involves identifying the proximity of the threat based on the loudness of bird song as well as the level of degradation of the calls. In experiments involving playback, the wrens are capable of discriminating between degraded and undegraded songs, as well as degraded songs in the same acoustic conditions, and can detect changes of acoustic properties within their territories, such as songs under foliage. Song degradation can also be used to determine the proximity of potential intruders. If the song of a bird appears to be degraded, the wrens will assume that the threat is distant and not respond; if the song is not degraded, they respond by attacking. Not all birds within their territory are potential enemies. Some species of birds that are neighbors are designated as 'dear-enemies' by the wrens, and the responses to neighbors and intruders in their territories differ by the season. In spring, the wrens respond more aggressively toward neighbors, though in the fall, no major discrepancy in responses is shown. When protecting their nest, alarm calls are the general response. The wrens judge the size of the potential threat, such as a blue jay and avoid the risk of injury when attacking. Countersinging produced by intruder birds is more likely to be taken as an aggressive threat to male Carolina wrens.

Both males and females utilize calls in alarm situations, especially in territorial disputes and encounters with predators. Males alone produce the cheer call, which can sound indistinct. In southern regions of their range, the sound males use in alarm disputes is a ringing pink or p'dink sound. Females are the only ones that can perform the paired dit-dit or chatter sounds. The former can be used in territorial disputes with predators, and with at least northern populations the songs are used in alternation with the males cheer chant. The chatter is used exclusively with territorial encounters with male song, and the song can either follow or overlap her mate's song.

Feeding
Carolina wrens spend the majority of their time on or near the ground searching for food, or in tangles of vegetation and vines. They also probe bark crevices on lower tree levels, or pick up leaf-litter in order to search for prey. Their diet consists of invertebrates, such as beetles, true bugs, grasshoppers, katydids, spiders, ants, bees, and wasps. Small lizards and tree frogs also make up the carnivorous portion of their diet. Vegetable matter, such as fruit pulp and various seeds, makes up a small percentage of their diet. In the northern portion of their range, they frequent bird feeders.

Movement
Carolina wrens are wary, and are more often heard than seen. When on the ground, they move in jerky hops pillaging through various objects, whether man-made or natural. While moving abruptly, they pause momentarily for chattering or singing.  When stationary, they move in twitched motions, jerking their breast around. They also sun- or sand-bathe. The wrens also displays a skittish behavior when encountered by humans, as they can be seen thrusting off into cover slowly if approaching is detected. However, they occasionally seek out humans that are near, so long as there is no movement from them. Other movements involve being capable of crawling like a creeper and hanging upside-down like a nuthatch.

Flights are generally of short duration, rapid, low-leveled, and wavelike. The wings during flight are flapped rapidly, and are frequently used during foraging. They are also capable of flying vertically from the base of a tree to the top in a single wing assisted bound.

Breeding

Carolina wrens are both genetically and socially monogamous and will usually mate for life.  Mate changing is rare, and there has been one possible observation of polygamy. During the winter season, males are more responsible for guarding the territory. Females vary in succeeding to maintain winter territories without a mate. It has been suggested that the possibility of desertion and decline in care-taking from males along with the need for security in resources year-round prevent extra pair copulations from females, as the mortality rate for Carolina wrens peaks during the winter. Along with thermoregulatory benefits, roosting is thought to reinforce pair-bonding and prevent divorce between mates.

The nests are arch-shaped structures with a side entrance and built of dried plants or strips of bark, as well as horsehair, string, wool and snake sloughs. The male obtains nesting materials while the female remains at the site to construct the nest. Nests are located in fragmented or complete cavities in trees, or in man-made structures such as bird-boxes, buildings, tin cans, mailboxes or unorthodox places such as pockets of hanging jackets in sheds or in a tractor in everyday use. Nests are from  from the ground and are rarely higher. They occasionally can be built in sloping locations or at ground level.

Egg laying dates and clutch size vary by region; in Texas the time period is from late February to late August, in Iowa it ranges from late April to June. The clutch size is generally 3 to 6 eggs, but can reach as high as seven in Texas. The eggs are creamy white with brown or reddish-brown spots, and are more heavily marked at the broad end. The eggs are incubated by the female for 12–16 days. After the young hatch, they are fed exclusively on invertebrates and they fledge in 12–14 days. As many as three broods may be raised by a pair in a single breeding season. In one study, three of the 70 fledglings remained or defended territory adjacent to the natal area.

Male and females are involved in the process of provisioning at similar rates throughout most nest stages, with the males providing slightly more in the nestling stages. Both sexes increase their provision rates as the nestlings grow in age.

Predation and threats
Brood parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird is common, with up to 25% of Carolina wren nests being affected in certain regions such as Oklahoma and Alabama. Cowbird parasitism peaks in April at 41%, and is as low as 8% and 0% in July and August, respectively. Female cowbirds sometimes eject Carolina wren eggs before laying their own, and even if host eggs are retained, the size of cowbird eggs negatively affect the hatching success of wren eggs. As a result, cowbirds may have a significant impact on the reproductive success of wrens. The feeding rate for cowbird nestlings is higher than wren feeding rates, and some have been raised to independence. This also can be detrimental to the survival of wren nestlings. A rare instance of brood-parasitism by a house finch has been recorded. The rate of brood parasitism is thought to be lower in more natural and concealed nesting locations. Body parasites such as the larvae of blowflies feed on nestlings and the blood loss weakens nestlings. Fellow species of wren such as Bewick's wren and the winter wren compete for nesting locations and food, respectively.

In Virginia, some Carolina wrens populations show high levels of mercury in their blood and this is acquired from feeding all-year-round on spiders. Spiders being at a higher trophic level contain a higher concentrations of mercury (through biomagnification) than herbivorous invertebrates. As these wrens are year-round residents, they are at a higher risk than other species to acquire mercury in their blood. Nest abandonment and failure to raise young are more common with higher mercury content. Exposure, and prolonged periods of cold, ice, and snow is thought to affect the wren nestling and adult populations, respectively. Wrens that outlast those winters reside in sheltered areas during the season.

Among the top predators of adult Carolina wrens are domestic cats, and snakes such as the timber rattlesnake. Raccoons and black rat snakes also feed on wren eggs and nestlings.

In culture

In 1930, the South Carolina Federated Women's club adopted the Carolina wren as the unofficial state bird over the eastern mourning dove and pushed for its official state adoption until 1939, when the South Carolina Legislature named the northern mockingbird as the state bird. In 1948, the legislature repealed their previous decision, and the wren became the official state bird.

In 2000, the Carolina wren was featured on the back of the South Carolina edition of the 50 State Quarters.

Notes

References

External links

Identification tips – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
About – Bird Houses 101
Stamps – BirdLife International

 Sound – Florida Museum of Natural History

Carolina wren
Native birds of Eastern Canada
Native birds of the Eastern United States
Birds of Mexico
Birds of the Yucatán Peninsula
Carolina wren
Carolina wren

Carolina wren


دمى السبايس جيرلز هي إحدى دمى المشاهير، وهي مصنوعة لفرقة فتيات البوب البريطانية السبايس جيرلز، تم إصدارها من قبل شركة ألعاب جالوب عام 1997م.

تاريخ
حققت الدمى نجاحا كبيرا خلال مواسم عيد الميلاد لعام 1997 و 1998 م،  وبيع منها أكثر من أحد عشر مليون قطعة.

مراجع

ألعاب عقد 1990
تأسيسات سنة 1997 في الولايات المتحدة
دمى
سبايس جيرلز

دمى السبايس جيرلز