Aurangabad (), officially known as Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, also spelt Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the administrative headquarters of Aurangabad district and is the largest city in the Marathwada region. Located on a hilly upland terrain in the Deccan Traps, Aurangabad is the fifth-most populous urban area in Maharashtra after Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur and Nashik with a population of 1,175,116. The city is known as a major production center of cotton textile and artistic silk fabrics. Several prominent educational institutions, including Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, are located in the city. The city is also a popular tourism hub, with tourist destinations like the Ajanta and Ellora caves lying on its outskirts, both of which have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1983. Other tourist attractions include the Aurangabad Caves, Devagiri Fort, Grishneshwar Temple, Jama Mosque, Bibi Ka Maqbara, Himayat Bagh, Panchakki and Salim Ali Lake. Historically, there were 52 Gates in Aurangabad, some of them extant, because of which Aurangabad is nicknamed as the "City of Gates". In 2019, the Aurangabad Industrial City (AURIC) became the first greenfield industrial smart city of India under the country's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

Paithan, the imperial capital of the Satavahana dynasty (1st century BCE–2nd century CE), as well as Dēvagirī, the capital of the Yadava dynasty (9th century CE–14th century CE), are located within the limits of modern Aurangabad. In 1308, the region was annexed by the Delhi Sultanate during the rule of Sultan Alauddin Khalji. In 1327, the capital of the Delhi Sultanate was shifted from Delhi to Daulatabad (in present-day Aurangabad) during the rule of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, who ordered a mass migration of Delhi's population to Daulatabad. However, Muhammad bin Tughluq reversed his decision in 1334 and the capital was shifted back to Delhi. In 1499, Daulatabad became a part of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. In 1610, a new city named Khaḍkī was established at the location of modern Aurangabad to serve as the capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate by the Ethiopian military leader Malik Ambar, who was brought to India as a slave but rose to become a popular Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Malik Ambar was succeeded by his son Fateh Khan, who changed the name of the city to Fatehnagar. In 1636, Aurangzeb, who was then the Mughal viceroy of the Deccan region, annexed the city into the Mughal Empire. In 1653, Aurangzeb renamed the city as "Aurangabad" and made it the capital of the Deccan region of the Mughal Empire. In 1724, the Mughal governor of the Deccan, Nizam Asaf Jah I, seceded from the Mughal Empire and founded his own Asaf Jahi dynasty. The dynasty established the State of Hyderabad with their capital initially at Aurangabad, until they transferred their capital to the city of Hyderabad in 1763. Hyderabad State became a princely state during the British Raj, and remained so for 150 years (1798–1948). Until 1956, Aurangabad remained part of Hyderabad State. In 1960, Aurangabad and the larger Marathi-speaking Marathwada region became a part of the state of Maharashtra.

History

Khaḍkī was the original name of the village which was made a capital city by Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of Murtaza Nizam Shah II, Sultan of Ahmednagar. Within a decade, Khaḍkī grew into a populous and imposing city. Malik Ambar died in 1626. He was succeeded by his son Fateh Khan, who changed the name of Khaḍkī to Fatehnagar. With the capture of Devagiri Fort by the imperial troops in 1633, the Nizam Shahi dominions, including Fatehnagar, came under the possession of the Mughals.

In 1653, when Mughal prince Aurangzeb was appointed the Viceroy of the Deccan for the second time, he made Fatehnagar his capital and renamed it Aurangabad. Aurangabad is sometimes referred to as Khujista Bunyad by the chroniclers of Aurangzeb's reign.

In 1667 Muazzam, son of Aurangzeb became governor of this province. Before him Mirza Rajah Jai Singh was in-charge of this province for some time.

In 1681, after Aurangzeb's coronation as emperor, he shifted his court from the capital city of Delhi to Aurangabad in order to conduct his military campaigns in the Deccan. The presence of Mughal elites in the city led to urban development, as numerous public and private buildings were constructed. Though Aurangzeb chose not to reside in the city after 1684, the city retained importance as the primary military outpost of the Mughal Deccan, attracting wealth and turning Aurangabad into a centre of trade; the manufacture of embroidered silks emerged during this period and is still practiced in Aurangabad today. Mughal Aurangabad was also a cultural hub, serving as an important centre of Persian and Urdu literature. During the Mughal era, Aurangabad had an estimated population of 200,000 people, living in 54 suburbs.

In 1724, Asaf Jah, a Mughal general and Nizam al-Mulk in the Deccan region, decided to secede from the crumbling Mughal Empire, with the intention of founding his own dynasty in the Deccan. Aurangabad continued to be politically and culturally significant for the next 40 years as capital of Asaf Jah's new dominion, until his son and successor Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah II transferred the capital to Hyderabad in 1763. The loss of Aurangabad's privileged position led to a period of economic decline; by the beginning of the 19th century, the city had become notably underpopulated, leading to the crippling of its administration, and its buildings were in decay. However, Aurangabad would continue to be important as the "second city" of the Nizam's dominions for the remainder of the polity's lifetime.

In 1816, the British established a cantonment outside Aurangabad (as they did in other parts of the Nizam's dominions), but were discouraged from entering the city proper by the Nizam's officials. As a princely state under British suzerainty, the Nizam's Hyderabad State was quasi-autonomous, meaning that Aurangabad's culture was somewhat free of colonial influence.

Aurangabad began to industrialise in the late 19th century, with the city's first cotton mill being opened in 1889. The population of the city was 30,000 in 1881, growing to 36,000 over the next two decades. Aurangabad was particularly affected by Deccan famines in 1899-1900, 1918, and 1920, causing surges in crime.

Following Indian independence, Hyderabad State was annexed into the Indian Union in 1948, and consequently Aurangabad became a part of the Indian Union's Hyderabad State. In 1956, it passed into the newly formed bilingual Bombay State, and in 1960 it became a part of Maharashtra state.

Bal Thackeray in 1988 proposed the city to be renamed as Sambhajinagar. The local governing body i.e., City Corporation passed a resolution on name change in 1995. On 29 June 2022, the Shiv Sena-led Maharashtra cabinet approved the renaming of Aurangabad to Sambhaji Nagar, after Sambhaji Bhosale, second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire.

Geography
The co-ordinates for Aurangabad are N 19° 53' 47" – E 75° 23' 54". The city is surrounded by hills on all directions.

Climate
Aurangabad features a semiarid climate under the Köppen climate classification. Annual mean temperatures range from 17 to 33 °C, with the most comfortable time to visit in the winter – October to February. The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was 46 °C (114 °F) on 25 May 1905. The lowest recorded temperature was 2 °C (36 °F) on 2 February 1911. In the cold season, the district is sometimes affected by cold waves in association with the eastward passage of western disturbances across north India, when the minimum temperature may drop down to about 2 °C to 4 °C (35.6 °F to 39.2 °F).

Most of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season from June to September. Thunderstorms occur between November and April. Average annual rainfall is 710 mm. The city is often cloudy during the monsoon season and the cloud cover may remain together for days. The daily maximum temperature in the city often drops to around 22 °C due to the cloud cover and heavy rains.

Geology

The entire area is covered by the Deccan Traps lava flows of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age. The lava flows are overlain by thin alluvial deposits along the Kham and Sukhana river. The basaltic lava flows belonging to the Deccan Trap is the only major geological formation occurring in Aurangabad. The lava flows are horizontal and each flow has two distinct units. The upper layers consist of vesiculara and amygdaloidal zeolitic basalt while the bottom layer consists of massive basalt. The lava flows are individually different in their ability to receive as well as hold water in storage and to transmit it. The difference in the productivity of groundwater in various flows arises as a result of their inherent physical properties such as porosity and permeability. The groundwater occurs under water table conditions and is mainly controlled by the extent of its secondary porosity i.e. thickness of weathered rocks and spacing of joints and fractures. The highly weathered vesicular trap and underlying weathered jointed and fractured massive trap constitutes the main water-yielding zones. The soil is mostly formed from igneous rocks and is black, medium black, shallow and calcareous types having different depths and profiles.

Demographics

According to the 2011 Indian Census, Aurangabad has a population of 1,175,116, of which 609,206 are males and 565,910 are females. Population in the age range of 0 to 6 years is 158,779. The total number of literates in Aurangabad was 889,224, which constituted 75.67% of the population with male literacy of 79.34% and female literacy of 71.72%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Aurangabad was 87.5%, of which male literacy rate was 92.2% and female literacy rate was 82.5%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population is 229,223 and 15,240 respectively. There were 236659 households in Aurangabad in 2011.

Religion

The majority of the population in Aurangabad are Hindu (51%), followed by 30% Muslim, 15.2% Buddhist and 1.6% Jain. There are a substantial number of adherents of Sikhism and Christianity in the city. Buddhists are of Navayana tradition who are mostly scheduled castes.

Language

Marathi is the official language of the city. Marathi is also the most commonly spoken language in the city, followed by Urdu and Hindi.

Administration and politics

Local administration

Aurangabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) is the local civic body. It is divided into six zones. The Municipal Council was established in 1936, the Municipal Council area was about 54.5 km2. It was elevated to the status of Municipal Corporation from 8 December 1982, and simultaneously including eighteen peripheral villages, making the total area under its jurisdiction to 138.5 km2 extended its limits.

The city is divided in 115 electoral wards called as Prabhag, and each ward is represented by a Corporator elected by the people from each ward. There are two Committees, General Body and Standing Committee headed by the Mayor and the chairman respectively. AMC is responsible for providing basic amenities like drinking water, drainage facility, road, street lights, healthcare facilities, primary schools, etc. AMC collects its revenue from the urban taxes which are imposed on citizens. The administration is headed by the Municipal Commissioner; an IAS Officer, assisted by the other officers of different departments.Aurangabad Metropolitan Region Development Authority (AMRDA) is being Formed for the Allover Development of the Region.

State and central administration
Aurangabad division is one of the six administrative divisions of Maharashtra state in India. Aurangabad divisions almost completely coincides with the Marathwada region of Maharashtra. Aurangabad contributes one seat to the Lok Sabha – Aurangabad (Lok Sabha constituency). In 2019 general election, AIMIM candidate Sayed Imtiyaz Jaleel was elected as a member of parliament from Aurangabad.

Aurangabad also contributes three state assembly seats namely Aurangabad East, Aurangabad Central and Aurangabad West which are represented by Atul Moreshwar Save (BJP), Pradeep Jaiswal (Shiv-Sena) and Sanjay Shirsat (Shiv-Sena) respectively since 2019 Maharashtra Legislation Assembly election.

Economy

Aurangabad is considered to be a classic example of efforts of state government towards balanced industrialisation of state. The city was a major silk and cotton textile production center. A fine blend of silk with locally grown cotton was developed as Himroo textile. Paithani silk saris are also made in Aurangabad. With the opening of the Hyderabad-Godavari Valley Railways in the year 1900 several ginning factories were started. After 1960, Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) began acquiring land and setting up industrial estates. The Maharashtra Center For Entrepreneurship Development's main office is in Aurangabad. Major industries in Auragabad are manufacturing, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and automobiles etc. In the 1990s, land near Shendra village on the Aurangabad-Jalna route was purchased. The MIDC created the Waluj and Chikalthana Industrial Areas as part of its efforts, which were quickly purchased.

Aurangabad is surrounded by the industrial areas (MIDCs) of Chikhalthana, Shendra and Waluj MIDC. A new industrial belt namely Shendra - Bidkin Industrial Park is being developed under DMIC. Major Siemens and automotive companies such as BMW, Audi India, Skoda Auto, Bajaj Auto and Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company have there units in the city. One of the largest Russian Steel Company NLMK has set up plant in DMIC Shendra phase.

Culture/Cityscape

Culture

The culture of Aurangabad city is heavily influenced by the culture of Hyderabad. The old city still retains the cultural flavour and charms of Muslim culture of Hyderabad. Its influence is reflected in the language and cuisine of the locals. Although Urdu is among the principal languages of the city, along with Marathi and Hindi, it is spoken in the Dakhni – Hyderabadi Urdu dialect.
 Wali Dakhni also known as Wali Aurangabadi (1667–1731 or 1743) was a classical poet of Urdu from Aurangabad. He was the first established poet to have composed in Urdu language. Prominent poets like Shah Hatem, Shah Abro, Mir Taqi Mir, Zauq and Sauda were among his admirers. Other prominent poets from Aurangabad include Siraj Aurangabadi, Azad Bilgrami and Sikandar Ali Wajd.
 Abul Ala Maududi one of the Muslim scholars (1903–1979) was born in Aurangabad, India. Syed Abul A'ala Maududi was born to Maulana Ahmad Hasan, a lawyer by profession. His father was "descended from the Chishti line of saints. He was also the founder of Jamaat-e-Islami, the Islamic revivalist party.

Tourist attractions

Aurangabad is a historical city along with its surrounding towns and villages.

Indian religions

Indian rock-cut architecture

 Aurangabad Caves: These are situated at a distance of , nestled amidst the hills are 12 Buddhist caves dating back to 3 A.D. Of particular interest are the Tantric influences evident in the iconography and architectural designs of the caves.

Hindu and Jain temples

 Kachner Jain Temple: This is a 250 years old temple dedicated to Parshvanath. The idol here is called Chintamani Parshvanath.

Gates and forts

 Gate: The city is also known for the 52 gates built during Mughal era which gives it the name of "City of Gates".

Mughal architecture

 Bibi Ka Maqbara: Aurangabad is known for the Bibi Ka Maqbara situated about  from the city, which is the burial mausoleum of Emperor Aurangzeb's wife Dilras Banu Begum, also known as Rabia-ud-Daurani. It is an imitation of the Taj Mahal at Agra and due to its similar design, it is popularly known as the "Taj of the Deccan".

Other

Panchakki: Panchakki, which literally means water mill, is a 17th-century watermill situated within the old city is known for its underground water channel, which traverses more than 8  km from nearby hills. The channel culminates into an artificial waterfall that powers the mill.
 Salim Ali Lake & Bird Sanctuary: Popularly known as Salim Ali Talab (lake) is located in the northern part of the city near Delhi Darwaza, opposite Himayat Bagh. During the Mughal period, it was known as Khiziri Talab. It has been renamed after the great ornithologist and naturalist Salim Ali. It also has a bird Sanctuary and a garden maintained by the Aurangabad Municipal Corporation.
Siddharth Garden and Zoo: is a park and zoo situated in near of the central bus station in Aurangabad. This is the only zoo in Marathwada region. There are various types of animals, birds, flowers and trees. The name of "Siddhartha" has been kept on the name of Gautama Buddha.

Mashru and Himroo
Himroo: The fabric is said to have originated in Persia, though not conclusively proved, Himroo is associated with the times of Mohammad Tughlaq who ruled in the 14th century. Fabrics and shawls from Aurangabad are much in demand for their unique style and design.
 Kaghzipura: A place situated near Daulatabad made first handmade paper in India after the technology was brought here by Mongol invaders. However, the use of paper was not widespread there until the 12th century.

Cuisine

Aurangabadi food is much like Mughlai or Hyderabadi cuisine with its fragrant pulao and biryani. Meat cooked in fresh spices and herbs is a speciality, as are the delectable sweets. The local cuisine is a blend of Mughlai and Hyderabadi cuisine, with an influence of the spices and herbs of the Marathwada region.

Naan Qalia is a dish that is associated with Aurangabad in India. It is a concoction of mutton and a variety of spices. Naan is the bread made in tandoor (Hot furnace) while Qalia is a mixture of mutton and various spices.
Aurangabad/Marathwada/Dakhni cuisine is a blend of the Puneri and the Hyderabadi cuisine (which blends the use of typical South Indian ingredients such as curry leaves, tamarind and coconut into their celebrated culinary practices).

Transport

Air
Aurangabad Airport is an airport serving the city and has connecting flights to Hyderabad, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Udaipur, Tirupati, Visakhapatnam and Thiruvananthapuram. In 2008, flights were made available to the people travelling to the Hajj pilgrimage.

Rail
Aurangabad railway station is the major railway station under Nanded railway division of the South Central Railway zone. It is located on the Kacheguda-Manmad section and has rail connectivity with major cities such as Delhi, Hyderabad, Latur Road, Manmad, Mumbai, Nagpur, Nanded, Nashik Road, Nizamabad and Pune. The work of DPR preparation is ongoing for metro in Aurangabad from Shendra and Waluj. The work of surveys and DPR is also ongoing for high speed rail line from Mumbai to Nagpur, which will have a halt in Aurangabad.

Road
Central Bus Stand and CIDCO bus stand, Aurangabad of MSRTC are the main public transport centres. Buses are available to every major bus depots of Maharashtra. Ola Cabs service is available in city. Major long route Aurangabad buses reach Delhi, Jaipur, Gandhinagar and Hyderabad in 2–3 days. MSRTC buses are also available for all district of Maharashtra and neighboring State's cities like Indore, Ujjain, Surat, Vadodara, Khandwa, Burhanpur, Khargone, Bhopal. There are Smart City Bus service in Aurangabad as the part of public transport in Aurangabad Metro City.

Education

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU) is located in Aurangabad city. Many colleges in the region are affiliated to it. The university has 101 Colleges affiliated in Aurangabad and 99 Colleges in Beed, 53 & 55 Colleges affiliated in Jalna & Osmanabad.

Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad is an autonomous engineering college. It was affiliated to the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University and was established in 1960. The construction of the college was started in 1957 and was completed in 1960. Marathwada Institute of Technology and Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College are two other engineering colleges in Aurangabad.

Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad is a state university located in Aurangabad. It was established in 2017 by the Government of Maharashtra, the third and final university to be installed through the Maharashtra National Law University Act, 2014

Maulana Azad College of Arts and Science was founded in 1963 by Rafiq Zakaria, who formed a trust called Maulana Azad Education Society to manage the affairs. The college is affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University of Aurangabad.

National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology Aurangabad (NIELIT Aurangabad) is located inside the Dr. B.A.M. University campus. It is a central government engineering institute under the Ministry of Communication & Information Technology Government of India. It offers DEPM, B.TECH (Electronics Engineering), M.tech (Electronics Design Technology), Ph.D., and short-term courses.

Aurangabad has schools run by the Aurangabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) and private schools owned and run by trusts and individuals. Government Polytechnic Aurangabad is one of the polytechnic institutions in Marathwada region.

Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabad, is affiliated to University of Huddersfield. Students have internships in the Vivanta, Taj in Aurangabad.

In 1903, a treaty was signed between British and the Nizam to train the Nizam's Army and it was decided to establish a proper cantonment. Today the cantonment is spread across  with civil population of 19,274 as per 2001 census.

Sports
Garware Stadium is the municipal stadium in the city. International-standard cricket stadium at Aurangabad District Cricket Association Stadium is under construction. Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College Sports Complex is a sports complex with in Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College mainly used by college sports event.

Notable people

Malik Ambar, a Siddi military leader and founder of Khadki (former name of city)
Siraj Aurangabadi, 18th-century Indian Urdu and Persian poet
Prashant Bamb, MLA from the Gangapur constituency, member of the Bharatiya Janata Party
Ankit Bawne, cricketer
Sandipanrao Bhumre, MLA from Paithan constituency, member of Shiv Sena
Rajendra Darda, former MLA from Aurangabad East constituency, member of the Indian National Congress
Tarang Jain, businessman
Imtiyaz Jaleel, Indian politician and member of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
Mayuri Kango, film actress
Chandrakant Khaire, Indian politician and member of Shiv Sena
Aurangabadi Mahal, wife of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb
Abul A'la Maududi, Pakistani theologian and philosopher of Islam
Bashar Nawaz, Indian Urdu poet and lyricist
Dulari Qureshi, art historian
Iqbal Siddiqui, cricketer
Nikki Tamboli, film actress
Vineet Verma, film director
Wali Mohammed Wali, father of Urdu poetry
Rafiq Zakaria, Indian politician

See also
 List of twin towns and sister cities in India
 Bombay High Court
 Shirdi
 Mumbai
 Pedavadlapudi

References

External links

 Aurangabad District website

Metropolitan cities in India
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011
All articles containing potentially dated statements

1610 establishments in the Mughal Empire
Cities and towns in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra
Cities in Maharashtra
Former capital cities in India
Talukas in Maharashtra

Aurangabad


Stephan "Steff" Eberharter (born 24 March 1969) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Austria.

Biography
Born in Brixlegg, Tyrol, Eberharter was the winner of the overall World Cup title in 2002 and 2003, as well as the season titles in downhill and super-G. He was the nearest rival of compatriot Hermann Maier in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Eberharter retired from international competition following the conclusion of the 2003–04 season.

Career
Eberharter made his World Cup debut during the 1990 season at age 20, where he finished 32nd in the overall standings. The next year he finished second in the super-G standings and won two gold medals at the 1991 World Championships in Saalbach, the super-G and combined. He was voted the Austrian Sportspersonality of the year for 1991.

After injury setbacks, he became particularly successful in the downhill event, and finished third in the downhill standings in 1998 and was the runner-up in 2001. His nemesis on the snow, teammate Maier, was involved in a serious motorcycle accident in August 2001 which sidelined him for the 2002 season. In Maier's absence, Eberharter went on to take the overall World Cup title (and downhill and super-G) in 2002 and 2003.  His 2004 victory at the Hahnenkamm downhill in Kitzbühel is often regarded as one of the most impressive downhill victories in alpine skiing history, besting runner-up Daron Rahlves by a lengthy 1.21 seconds, an equivalent of  at .

Eberharter enjoyed success at the World Championships and Olympic Games as well. In 1991 in Saalbach, he won two gold medals in the super-G and combined events. Twelve years later, at St. Moritz in 2003, he took gold in the super-G event again. At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, he finished second in the giant slalom, but went on to take gold in the same event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, where he also won the bronze medal in the downhill, and took silver in the super-G.

In his final season in 2004, Eberharter won four downhills and the downhill season title; he had twelve podiums, was second in the overall standings, and third in Super-G.

World Cup results

Season titles
 7 titles – (2 overall, 3 DH, 2 SG)

Season standings

Race victories
 29 wins – (18 DH, 6 SG, 5 GS)
 75 podiums – (38 DH, 24 SG, 13 GS)

World Championship results

Olympic results

See also
Ski World Cup Most podiums & Top 10 results

References

External links

 Steff.at – personal site –

1969 births
People from Kufstein District
Austrian male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for Austria
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Olympic gold medalists for Austria
Olympic silver medalists for Austria
Olympic bronze medalists for Austria
FIS Alpine Ski World Cup champions
Living people
Recipients of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
Skiers from Tyrol (state)
20th-century Austrian people
21st-century Austrian people

Stephan Eberharter


Wasserrucksack steht für:
 Ein Gerät zur dezentralen Wasseraufbereitung zur humanitären Hilfe, siehe Wasserrucksack
 Ein Hilfsmittel zur Brandbekämpfung, siehe Löschrucksack

Wasserrucksack (Begriffsklärung)


90 دقيقة قد تعني:
 90 دقيقة، فيلم.
 90 دقيقة، برنامج.

90 دقيقة (توضيح)


An Carex remota in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné. An Carex remota in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. r. remota
 C. r. rochebrunii
 C. r. stewartii
 C. r. remotispicula
 C. r. reptans

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Carex

Carex remota


CIF, (ing. Cost, insurance & freight) uluslararası ticaretle ilgili bir terimdir. Sözcük karşılıkları mal bedeli, sigorta ve navlun anlamındadır. Bu tip ticarette satıcı, CFR teriminde olan yükümlülükleri aynen üstlenmekte, ancak bunlara ek olarak taşıma sırasında malların kayıp ve hasar riskine karşı deniz sigortası sağlama yükümlülüğünü de almaktadır. Burada sigorta sözleşmesini akdetmek ve sigorta primini ödemek, satıcıya düşmektedir.

Alıcının dikkate alması gereken husus, CIF teriminde satıcıdan yalnızca asgari düzeyde bir sigorta kapsamı sağlanmasının beklendiğidir. CIF terimi, malların ihraç işlemlerinin de satıcı tarafından yapılmasını öngörür.

Bu terim, yalnızca deniz ya da nehir taşımacılığında kullanılabilir. Eğer taşıma işleminde, örneğin roll-on/roll-off ya da konteyner trafiğinde olduğu gibi "gemi bordası" nın herhangi bir pratik anlamı kalmamışsa, bu durumda CIP teriminin kullanılması daha uygun olacaktır.

Satıcının Yükümlülükleri
 Malların sözleşme hükümlerine uygun olarak sağlanması (malları ve faturayı ya da ona eşdeğer bir elektronik mesajı satış sözleşmesi uyarınca sağlamak; yine sözleşme tarafından gerekli görülen başka herhangi bir belgeyi hazır bulundurmak)
 Lisans, yetki ve formaliteler (kendi risk ve masraf alanına dahil olmak üzere, malların ihracı için gerekli herhangi bir izni ya da yetkiyi almak; yine malların ihracı için gerekli bütün formaliteleri tamamlamak)
 Taşıma sözleşmesi yapmak (masrafları kendisine ait olmak üzere, malların, sözleşmede tanımlanan türde mallar için normal olarak kullanılan bir deniz, karayolu, havayolu (ya da duruma göre nehir) taşıma aracı ile olağan bir rota izlenerek, belirlenen varış noktasına taşınması amacıyla, yine olağan koşullar içeren bir sözleşme akdetmek)
 Sigorta sözleşmesi yapmak (sözleşmede yer alan anlaşmaya uyarınca, alıcının ya da işleme konu olan mallarla sigorta kapsamına girecek türde bir ilişkisi olan başka herhangi bir şahsın doğrudan sigorta şirketinden tazminat talep edebileceği bir yük sigortası sözleşmesini kendi masraflarıyla akdetmek; alıcıya, sigorta poliçesini ya da sigorta kapsamını gösterir başka herhangi bir belgeyi sağlamak) Sözleşme, bu alanda güvenilir bir nitelik taşıyan sigortacılar ya da sigorta şirketleri ile yapılacak ve eğer aksi yönde bir anlaşmanın varlığı ifade edilmemişse, Kargo Hükümleri Kurumu (Londra Sigortacılar Kurumu)'nun asgari kapsam hükümlerine ya da bu alanda geçerli başka hükümlere uygunluk gösterecektir. Sigortanın geçerlilik süresi de malların alıcı tarafından teslim alınması ve risk devri hükümlerine uygun olarak belirlenecektir. Alıcı tarafından talep edilmesi halinde satıcı, masrafları alıcıya ait olmak üzere ve eğer olanak varsa, savaş, grev, ihtilal ve halk ayaklanması halleriyle ilgili sigorta işlemlerini de yaptıracaktır. Sigorta kapsamı, asgari olarak, satış sözleşmesinde belirtilen mal bedeli artı yüzde on (toplam % 110) biçiminde belirlenecek ve yine satış sözleşmesinde yer alan para cinsinden karşılanacaktır.
 Malların teslimi (malları, belirtilen tarihte ya da öngörülen süre içeresinde, yükleme limanındaki geminin bordasına teslim etmek)
 Risk devri
 Alıcıya duyuru (alıcıya, gerek malların gemi bordasına aktarıdığını bildirecek, gerekse de malları teslim alma yönünde normal olarak gerekli hazırlıkları yapabilmesine olanak tanıyacak duyuruları yapmak)
 Teslimin yapıldığına dair kanıt, taşıma belgesi ya da eşdeğer elektronik mesaj (eğer başka türlü bir anlaşmaya varılmamışsa, masrafları kendisine ait olmak üzere, alıcıya, belirlenen varış limanı için gerekli mutad taşıma belgesini geçikmeksizin sağlamak) Sözü edilen bu belge (örneğin devri kabil bir konişmento, devri gayri kabil bir deniz ya da nehir taşıma senedi) satış işlemine tabi olan malları kapsamalı, yükleme için üzerinde anlaşmaya varılan tarihi taşımalı, alıcının varış noktasında mallar üzerinde hak iddia edebilmesine olanak tanımalı ve eğer başka türlü bir anlaşma yapılmamışsa da, alıcıya, transit halindeki mallarını, taşıma belgesini (devri kabil konişmento) bir başka alıcıya devir yoluyla ya da taşıyıcıya talimat vererek satma imkânı vermelidir. Eğer bu türden bir taşıma belgesi birden çok orijinal kopya halinde hazırlanmışsa, bunların tamamı alıcıya teslim edilmelidir. Eğer taşıma belgesinde mal sahibi ile taşımacı arasında yapılan sözleşmeye atıfta bulunuyorsa, satıcı aynı zamanda bu sözleşmenin bir kopyasını da sağlanmalıdır. Satıcı ile alıcının birbirleriyle elektronik iletişim araçları kullanarak haberleşme kararı aldıkları durumlarda, daha önceki paragraflarda sözü edilen belgenin yerini, onunla eş geçerlilikte bir elektronik bilgi değişim (edi) mesajı alabilir.
 Kontrol-ambalajlama-işaretleme (malların teslimi açısından gerekli olan kontrol işlemleriyle (örneğin kalite kontrolü, ölçüm, tartım, sayım) ilgili masrafları karşılamak, söz konusu alanda, sözleşmede tanımlanan malların ambalajsız olarak yüklenmesi söz konusu değilse malların, kendisi tarafından düzenlenen taşıma işlemi için gerekli biçimde ambalajlanmasını kendi hesabından karşılamak) Ambalajlar, gerektiği biçimde işaretlenecektir.
 Diğer yükümlülükler (alıcının talebi üzerine, risk ve masrafları da alıcıya ait olmak koşuluyla, maları ithal işlemleri açısından, bazı durumlarda da bu malların bir başka ülkeden transit geçişi için gerekli olan, ancak, malların sevke tabi tutulduğu ve/veya asıl çıkış kaynağı olan ülkeden çıkarılan belgeleri, bunlara eşdeğer olan elektronik mesajları edinmesinde alıcıya yardımcı olmak)

Alıcının Yükümlülükleri
 Mal bedelinin ödenmesi (mal bedelini, satış sözleşmesinde belirttiği şekilde ödemek)
 Lisans, yetki ve formaliteler (risk ve masrafları kendisine ait olmak üzere, gerekli ithal iznini ya da diğer resmi yetki belgelerini almak; malların ithali için zorunlu bütün gümrük işlemleriyle birlikte, eğer gerekli ise, bu malların bir başka ülkeden transit geçişini sağlayacak işlemleri tamamlamak)
 Malların teslim alınışı (malları kabul etmek ve belirlenen varış limanında bulunan taşıyıcıdan teslim almak, mallar yükleme limanında gemiye aktarıdığı andan itibaren bu mallarla ilgili her tür kayıp ve hasar riskini üstlenmek, satıcıya gerekli duyuruyu yapmaması durumunda, yükleme için tespit edilen tarihten ya da aynı işlem için tespit edilen sürenin bitiminden itibaren mallarla ilgili bütün kayıp ve hasar riskini üstlenmek) Ancak, bunun için, söz konusu malların özel olarak sözleşme çerçevesinde ve o amaçla tahsis edilen, başka deyişle bu amaçla bir kenara ayrılan mallar olduğunun teşhis edilebilmesi gerekir.
 Masrafların bölüşümü (taşıma ve sigorta sözleşmesi maddesi hükümlerine tabi olmak üzere, malların tesliminden itibaren bu mallarla ilgili her türlü masrafı üstlenmek; ayrıca, eğer bu tür masraflar normal olarak taşıma sözleşmesi yapan taşıyıcı firmalarca karşılanmıyorsa, gerek malların varış limanı öncesi transit geçişleri, gerekse de mavna ve iskele masrafları da dahil olmak üzere boşaltma işlemleri sırasında ortaya çıkan masrafları karşılamak, ithalat işlemlerinde geçerli vergi, resim ve her türden resmi ödeme ile birlikte, gümrük giriş işlemleriyle ilgili olan ve gerekliyse, bu malların bir başka ülkeden transit geçişiyle ortaya çıkan bütün masrafları üstlenmek) Eğer alıcı, satıcıya duyuru maddesi uyarınca duyuruda bulunmamışsa, belirlenen tarihten ya da yükleme için tespit edilen sürenin bitiminden itibaren bu nedenle doğacak bütün ek masrafları yüklenir. Ancak, bunun için, söz konusu malların özel olarak sözleşme çerçevesinde ve o amaçla tahsis edilen, başka bir deyişle, bu amaçla bir kenara ayrılmış mallar olduğunun teşhis edilebilmesi gerekir.
 Satıcıya duyuru (malların yükleme zamanını ve/veya varış limanını belirleme hakkına sahip olduğu durumlarda, satıcıya bu hususlarla ilgili gerekli duyuruları yapmak)
 Teslimin yapıldığına dair kanıt, taşıma belgesi ya da eşdeğer elektronik mesaj (eğer sözleşme ile uyum halindeyse, malların satıcı tarafından tesliminin yapıldığına dair kanıt, taşıma belgesi ya da eşdeğer elektronik mesaj maddesi uyarınca taşıma belgesini kabul etmek)
 Malların denetimi (başka türlü bir anlaşmaya varılmadığı takdirde ve işlem ihracatın gerçekleştirildiği ülkenin resmi görevlilerince zorunlu olarak yapılmıyorsa, yükleme öncesi denetim işlemlerinin masrafının karşılamak)
 Diğer yükümlülükler (satıcının diğer yükümlülükleri başlığında sözü edilen belgelerin ya da bunlara eşdeğer elektronik mesajların sağlanması sırasında ortaya çıkan bütün masraf ve ödemeleri üstlenmek; satıcının bu konuda kendisine yardım amacıyla yaptığı bütün masrafları tazmin etmek, talep üzerine, satıcıya, sigorta işlemlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi açısından gerekli bilgileri sağlamak)

INCOTERMS

CIF


මහර්බල් (වැජඹුනු කාලය ක්‍රිපූ 2වන සියවස) යනු,  දෙවන පියුනික් යුද්ධයේදී හැනිබල්ගේ අශ්වාරෝහක හමුදා සෙන්පතියා විය. රෝමයට එරෙහිව කාර්තේජ පාර්ශවයේ ජයග්‍රහණයට ඔහු බොහෝ විට තීරණාත්මක ලෙසින් වැදගත් විය. ඔහුගේ ඉතාලියානු මෙහෙයුම පුරාවටම, අශ්වාරෝහක සොල්දාදුවන් භාවිතයෙන් වාසිදායක තත්ත්වයක් පවත්වා ගෙන යෑමට  හැනිබල් සමත්වූ අතර, එබැවින්ම සැලකිය යුතු පිට වාසියක් අත්පත් කර ගැනුමට  ඔවුන් මත සහ මහර්බල් මත යෑපීමට හැනිබල්ට  සිදු විය.

මහර්බල් මහත් ජනප්‍රිය වන්නේ  කැනායි සටන කෙළවරවූ විගසින් හැනිබාල්  සමග ඇතිවූ සංවාදයකදී කී ලෙසින් පැවසෙන දෙයක් සම්බන්ධයෙනි.සංවාදයෙහි අවසන් වාක්‍යය සඳහා පසිඳු ලතින් භාෂා වාක්‍යය වන්නේ: "වින්ටෙරා ස්කිස්, හන්නිබාල්; වික්ටෝරියා ඌති නෙස්කිස්."

හමුදාමය මස්තකප්‍රාප්තීන්
හිමිල්කෝගේ පුතු වන මහර්බල්, බොහෝවිට බර්බර් නමක් සහිත පියුනික් කාර්තජේනියානුවෙක් විය හැකි අතර, ඔහු පිළිබඳ කිසිවක් නොදන්නා මුත් ඔහුගේ බර්බර් නම නිසාද කාර්තේජයේ බහුතරයක් නියුමිඩියානුවන් (බර්බර්වරුන්) වෙතින් සමන්විත වූ හෙයින්ද ඔහු බොහෝ විට බර්බර්වරයෙක් වන්නට ඇත. සගන්ටම් (ක්‍රිපූ 219) වැටලීමේදී, ආඥාපති හැනිබල් නොසිටි බැවින්,  එසේ වැටලීමට සහභාගීවූ හමුදාවට ආඥාදායකත්වය සැපයූ ලෙසින් ඔහු පිළිබඳව මුලින්ම සඳහන් වෙයි. ලිවී ප්‍රකාර, ඔහු විසින් අතිශයින් ප්‍රාණවත් බවකින් මෙහෙයුම් සිදු කල බැවින්, හැනිබල් නොසිටීම නොදැනුනු තරම් විය.  හැනිබල් ඉතාලියට පැමිණි පසුව, අශ්වාරෝහක හමුදා ඛණ්ඩයක් සමගින් (බොහෝවිට හැනිබල්ගේ ස්පාඤ්ඤ මිත්‍ර පාක්ෂිකයන්) වෙන්කෙරුණු ඔහු,  උතුරු ඉතාලියෙහි පෝ අසබඩ තැනිතලා ප්‍රදේශය විනාශ කර දැමීමට යෙදවිණි. පසිඳු පුබිලියුස් කොර්නේලියුස් ස්කීපියෝ කොන්සල්වරයා දරුණු තුවාල ලැබූ සහ ඔහුගේ පුත්‍රයා රෝමානු ඉතිහාසයේ පළමු වරට පෙනීසිටි, ටීකීනුස් (ක්‍රිපූ 218) සඳහා වූ සටනෙහිදී ඔහුගේ ආඥාපතියා සමග එක්ව සටන් කරන ලෙසින් ඔහු නැවත කැඳවිණි.

ත්‍රසිමේන් විල සටන (ක්‍රිපූ 217)
 ත්‍රසිමේන්හිදී, සටනෙන් බේරීගිය රෝමානුවන් 6000 විසින් සමන්විත සේනාවක් අසබඩ ගම්මානයන් අතුරින් එකක ප්‍රබල ආරක්ෂක තත්ත්වයක පසුවූහ. මහර්බල් විසින් සුරක්ෂිතභාවය පිළිබඳව ඉදිරිපත් කෙරුණු සහතිකයක් මත, මෙම මරණයෙන් ගැලවුනු පිරිස ඔවුන්ගේ ආයුධ බිම තැබූහ. කෙසේවෙතත්, මෙම කොන්දේසි සහිත යටත්වීම අපරානුමත කිරීම හැනිබල් විසින් ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කෙරුණේ, මහර්බල් විසින් ඔහුගේ බලාධිකාරිය ඉක්මවා කටයුතු කල බවට දෝෂාරෝපණය කරමිනි.  ඉතාලියානු මිත්‍ර පාක්ෂිකයන්ට අයත් සියළුම දෙන වන්දි නොමැතිව අත්හළ ඔහු, යුද්ධ සිරකරුවන් වශයෙන් රඳවා ගත්තේ රෝමානු පුරවැසියන් පමණි. මහර්බල් අශ්වාරෝහක හමුදා ආඥාපතියෙකු වුවද, සටනින් දිවි ගලවා ගෙන සිටි රෝමානුවන් වැටලීම සඳහා අයිබේරියානු සුළු භටයන් සහ පාබළ හමුදා සඳහා නායකත්වය සැපයීය.

ඔහුගේ සහ-කොන්සල්වර  ෆ්ලාමිනියුස් සමග සේනා සම්බන්ධයකට පැමිණෙමින් සිටි කොන්සල්වර ග්නායුස් සර්විලියුස් ජෙමිනුස් විසින්, ගයියුස් සෙන්ටිනියුස් ප්‍රීටරවරයාගේ නායකත්වය යටතේ ඔහුගේ අශ්වාරෝහක හමුදාව කලින් එවීය. ත්‍රසිමේන් සටනෙන් පසුව, (හෙල්ල හේවායන් සහ අශ්වාරෝහකයන් අනුඛණ්ඩයකට නායකත්වය සපයන) මහර්බල් විසින් සෙන්ටිනියුස් සහ 4000 වූ ඔහුගේ අශ්වාරෝහක හමුදාව අතරමගදී සාර්ථකව අල්වා ගත්තේය. මහර්බල්ගේ සේනාව සෙන්ටිනියුස් හා ගැටුනු විට, රෝමානුවන්ගෙන් අඩක් නැසුනු අතර ඉතිරි අඩ පසු බැස්සෝය.  දිවි ගලවාගත් රෝමානු අශ්වාරෝහකයන් පසුපස කඳු මුදුනක් දක්වා හඹා ගිය අතර, අත්‍යන්තයේදී ඔවුහු එහිදී යටත් වූහ.

මෙම සටනෙන් පසුව, ධනවත් ෆලේරිනියානු තැනිතලා කොල්ලකෑමට නියුමීඩියානු අශ්වාරෝහක හමුදාවක් සමගින් මහර්බල් යැවුනු බවක් පෙනෙයි.

කැනායි සටන (ක්‍රිපූ 216)
මෙම පසිඳු සටනෙහිදී මහර්බල්ගේ භූමිකාව පැහැදිලි නැත.  ඔහු එහි සිටීම හෝ නොසිටීම අතර, රෝමානු ඉතිහාසඥයෝ බෙදී තර්ක කරන අතර, ඔවුනතරින් වඩාත් විශ්වසනීය පොලිබියුස් විසින් ඔහු එහි සිටීම කිසි ලෙසකින් දක්වන්නේ නැත. ලිවී ප්‍රකාර, කැනායි සටනෙහිදී කාර්තජේනියානු යුද්ධ හමුදාවෙහි දකුණු පාර්ශවය සඳහා ආඥාපතිත්වය සැපයූවේ මහර්බල් විසිනි. මෙයට හාත්පසින්ම විරුද්ධ අදහසක් පල කරන අපියන් පවසන්නේ, මෙම අවස්ථාවෙහිදී අමතර අශ්වාරෝහක බල ඇණිය සඳහා ආඥාපතිත්වය ඔහු වෙත පැනවුණු බවයි.

ලිවී විසින් කියා දක්වන්නේ ජයග්‍රහණයෙන් පසුව නොපමාව ඔහුගේ අශ්වාරෝහක හමුදාව සමග  රෝමය වෙත ප්‍රහාරය එල්ල කරන ලෙස මහර්බල් විසින් හැනිබල්ගෙන් ඉල්ලා සිටි බවත්, ඔහු එසේ කල හොත් දින පහක් ඇතුළත ඔහු කැපිටෝල් නම් මන්දිරය තුල රාත්‍රි භොජනය වළඳින බවට සහතික කල හැකි බවත්ය. ඔහුගේ ආඥාපතියා විසින් මෙය ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කල විට, හැනිබල් විසින් ජයග්‍රහණ අත්පත් ගැනීමට සමත් වුවද, ඒවා භාවිතා කිරීමට නොදන්නා බවට මහර්බල් විසින් ප්‍රකාශ කල බවට වාර්තා වෙයි.  කෙසේවෙතත්, විලියම් ස්මිත් හා සමකාලිනයන් විසින් සැලකුවාට වඩා හැනිබල්ගේ තීරණය වඩාත් සාධාරණ බවට නූතන ඉතිහාසඥයින් තීරණය කරති. ඔවුන් ගෙන හැර දක්වන්නේ, හැනිබල්ගේ යුද්ධ හමුදාව විඩාවට පත්ව සිටි බවත්, රෝමය විසින් නව හමුදා ඛණ්ඩ පිළියෙල කර ගැනීමට අවකාශ තිබූ බවත්, රෝමය සුරක්ෂිත කිරීමට ප්‍රබල ප්‍රාකාර තිබූ බවත්, හැනිබල් සතුව වටලා පහරදීමේ යන්ත්‍ර නොතිබූ  බවත්ය.

කැනායි සටනෙන් පසුව
කසිලිනුම් සටනෙන් පසුව, මහර්බල්ට සිදුවූ දෙය නොදනියි.  කැරළිගැසූ කිසියම් ගෝත්‍රයකට එරෙහිව කාර්තජේනියානුවන් විසින් මෙම නම සහිත පුද්ගලයෙක් යෙදවූ බවට ෆ්‍රොන්ටියුස්  විසින් සඳහන් කරයි.  කෙසේවෙතත්, ඒ පුද්ගලයා හැනිබල්ගේ අශ්වාරෝහක හමුදා සෙන්පතියාවූ මහර්බල්ම දැයි පැහැදිලි නැත. කසිලිනුම් වැටලීම සිදු කල කාලසීමාවෙහිදී එයට මදක් පසුව හෝ ඔහු මිය යන්නට ඇත.

පුස්තක නාමාවලිය

සටහන්

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි

කාර්තජේනියානුවෝ
දෙවන පියුනික් යුද්ධයෙහි ආඥාපතියෝ
උපන් වසර නොමැත
මියගිය වසර නොමැත
ක්‍රිපූ 2වන-සියවසේ ජනයා

මහර්බල්


Naruto: Shippuden – Sezonul 13: Cei Șapte Shinobi Spadasini (2012-2013)

Episoadele din sezonul treisprezece al seriei anime Naruto: Shippuden se bazează pe partea a doua a seriei manga Naruto de Masashi Kishimoto. Sezonul treisprezece din Naruto: Shippuden, serie de anime, este regizat de Hayato Date și produs de Studioul Pierrot și TV Tokyo și a început să fie difuzat pe data de 23 august 2012 la TV Tokyo și s-a încheiat la data de 10 ianuarie 2013.

Episoadele din sezonul treisprezece al seriei anime Naruto: Shippuden fac referire la cel de-al Patrulea Mare Război Shinobi între Naruto Uzumaki și ninja ai satelor împotriva forțelor lui Tobi și Kabuto Yakushi. Există, de asemenea, un arc de poveste laterală.

Lista episoadelor

Referințe

Naruto
Liste cu episoade anime
Sezoane de televiziune din 2012
Sezoane de televiziune din 2013

Naruto: Shippuden (sezonul 13)


الجغرافيا اللغوية هي فرع من فروع الجغرافيا البشرية التي تدرس التوزيع الجغرافي للغة وعناصرها المكونة لها.

مجالات الدراسة
وهناك مجالان رئيسيان لدراسة جغرافيا اللغة:

جغرافيا اللغات
التي تدرس اللغة عبر التاريخ، وتهتم «بتحليل أنماط التوزيع والتركيبات المكانية للغات».

علم اللغة الجيولوجي
ويدرس  عند استخدامه كمجال فرعي للجغرافيا، "العمليات السياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية التي تؤثر على حالة اللغات وتوزيعها. عندما يُنظر إليه على أنه فرع فرعي من علم اللغة، وأحد التعريفات الأخرى هي "دراسة اللغات واللهجات المترابطة مع مختلف الاتجاهات المجتمعية والاقتصادية والأيديولوجية والسياسية وغيرها من الاتجاهات المعاصرة فيما يتعلق موقع جغرافي معين".

وتم اقتراح العديد من المصطلحات والتخصصات الفرعية الأخرى، ولكن لم يكتسب أي منها الكثير من الشهرة، بما في ذلك:

الجغرافيا اللغوية، هي التي تتعامل مع الاختلافات اللغوية الإقليمية داخل اللغة، وتسمى أيضًا «جغرافيا اللهجة» والتي يعتبرها البعض تقسيمًا فرعيًا لعلم اللغة الجيولوجي.

مواضيع ذات صلة

 لسانيات
 لهجات

مراجع

جغرافيا بشرية

جغرافيا لغوية


An Ichnanthus leiocarpus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Spreng., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Sigismund Kunth. An Ichnanthus leiocarpus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ichnanthus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ichnanthus

Ichnanthus leiocarpus


Șoimul liliac () este o specie de șoim din America de Sud și America Centrală.

Se hrănește (după cum îi spune numele) cu lilieci. Dar poate prinde ocazional și păsărele, insecte mari și rozătoare. Specie crepusculară

Nu-și construiește cuib. Depune trei ouă maro.

Note

Falconidae

Șoim-liliac


Santa Gertrudis Copó es una subcomisaría del municipio de Mérida en el estado de Yucatán localizado en el sureste de México.

Toponimia
Copó en idioma maya significa higuera o álamo (Ficus cotinfonia). El "álamo" realmente no está emparentado con el verdadero álamo europeo (Populus) pese a su parecido con los árboles conocidos en Europa por los primeros españoles que llegaron a la región.

Localización
Santa Gertrudis Copó encuentra se encuentra localizada a 8 kilómetros del centro de la ciudad de Mérida.

Infraestructura
Entre la infraestructura con la que cuenta:
Una iglesia católica
Un templo protestante.
Un kínder.
Una escuela primaria.
Una telesecundaria.
Casa comisarial.
Una cancha.
Un parque.
Un campo de béisbol.

Las haciendas en Yucatán
El poblado está organizado en torno a lo que fue la vieja hacienda henequenera que llevó el nombre de la comunidad. Las haciendas en Yucatán fueron organizaciones agrarias que surgieron a finales del  y en el curso del  a diferencia de lo que ocurrió en el resto de México y en casi toda la América hispana, en que estas fincas se establecieron casi inmediatamente después de la conquista y durante el . En Yucatán, por razones geográficas, ecológicas y económicas, particularmente la calidad del suelo y la falta de agua para regar, tuvieron una aparición tardía.

Una de las regiones de Yucatán en donde se establecieron primero haciendas maiceras y después henequeneras, fue la colindante y cercana con Mérida. A lo largo de los caminos principales como en el "camino real" entre Campeche y Mérida, también se ubicaron estas unidades productivas. Fue el caso de los latifundios de Yaxcopoil, Xtepén, Uayalceh, Temozón, Itzincab y San Antonio Sodzil.

Ya en el , durante y después la llamada Guerra de Castas, se establecieron las haciendas henequeneras en una escala más amplia en todo Yucatán, particularmente en la región centro norte, cuyas tierras tienen vocación para el cultivo del henequén.

En el caso de Santa Gertrudis Copó, al igual que la mayoría de las otras haciendas, dejaron de serlo, con peones para el cultivo de henequén, para convertirse en un ejido, es decir, en una unidad colectiva autónoma, con derecho comunitario de propiedad de la tierra, a partir del año 1937, después de los decretos que establecieron la reforma agraria en Yucatán, promulgados por el presidente Lázaro Cárdenas del Río. El casco de la hacienda permaneció como propiedad privada.

Demografía
Según el censo de 1990 realizado por el INEGI, la población de la localidad era de 384 habitantes, de los cuales 201 eran hombres y 183 eran mujeres.

Galería

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Comisarías y subcomisarías de Mérida

Localidades del municipio de Mérida (Yucatán)
Toponimia maya
Haciendas de Yucatán

Santa Gertrudis Copó


İnsanlı uçuş, insanoğlunun bir hava taşıtı ile kendisinin de o taşının içinde, üstünde yer alması şartıyla yaptığı kontrollü uçuşa denir.

İnsanoğlu tarihin en eski günlerinden beri doğayı ve özellikle de kuşları gözetleyerek uçma isteğiyle yanıp tutuşuyordu. İşte bu amaçla ilk başta kendisi uçmayı başaramayan insanoğlu, balon, uçurtma ve planör gibi uçan nesneler yarattı. Daha sonra ise bu nesneleri daha da geliştirerek uçak gibi uçan makinalar üretti ve kendisini de bu makinanın bir parçası yaparak uçmaya başladı.

İşte böylece çoğunluk tarafından kabul edilmiş ilk insanlı uçuş 1783 yılında Paris'te gerçekleşti. Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier ve Francois d'Arlandes, Montgolfier kardeşler tarafından icat edilmiş bir sıcak hava balonu kullanarak 8 km yol aldılar. Balon; odun ateşi ile ısıtılıyor ve kumanda edilemiyordu, bu da rüzgâr nereye götürürse oraya uçuyordu anlamına geliyordu.

Günümüzün koşullarına göre çok ilkel diyebileceğimiz bir balon ile başlayan insanlı uçuş, artık günümüzde uzay mekikleriyle çok daha ileriye gidip uzaya taşınmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Havacılık tarihi

Havacılık tarihi

İnsanlı uçuş


La saison 2021-2022 du championnat des Bermudes de football est la cinquante-neuvième édition de la Bermudian Premier Division, le championnat de première division aux Bermudes. Les onze meilleures équipes des îles sont regroupées en une poule unique.

Les North Village Rams sont le tenant du titre après leur succès en 2019-2020 et l'abandon de l'édition 2020-2021. Les Dandy Town Hornets remportent leur neuvième titre (leur premier depuis 2015-2016) au terme de cette saison, terminant sept points devant les PHC Zebras.

Équipes participantes

Après l'abandon de l'édition 2020-2021, les mêmes équipes participent au championnat en 2021-2022.

Légende des couleurs

Compétition
Le barème utilisé pour établir le classement est le suivant :
 Victoire : 3 points
 Match nul : 1 point
 Défaite : 0 point

Classement

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Résultats

Statistiques

Buteurs

Bilan de la saison

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Lien interne
 Championnat des Bermudes de football

Lien externe
  Classements et résultats complets de la saison sur RSSSF

2021-2022
Bermudes
2021 aux Bermudes
2022 aux Bermudes

Championnat des Bermudes de football 2021-2022


La niñera puede referirse a:

La niñera, serie de televisión estadounidense protagonizada por Fran Drescher.
La niñera, serie mexicana basada en la anterior.
La niñera, serie argentina basada en la primera.
La niñera: Reina Letal, también llamada La niñera 2, es una película estadounidense.
La niñera y el presidente, es una película estadounidense de 1997

La niñera


Sağkaya, Adana'nın Ceyhan ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Beldenin 1928 yılına ait Türkçe kaynaklarda ismi Kırmıt olarak geçmektedir. Yerleşim sonradan Sağkaya ismini almıştır. Daha önceleri köy olan Sağkaya, 9 Nisan 1979 tarihindeki kararla belediye statüsü alarak beldeye dönüştü. 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Adana iline 45 km, Ceyhan ilçesine 26 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
Yerel-Net

Kaynakça

Ceyhan'ın mahalleleri
6360 sayılı yasaya göre kaldırılan belediyeler

Sağkaya, Ceyhan


es una serie de manga de género yaoi escrita e ilustrada por Hinako Takanaga. Fue publicada por primera vez en la revista Gush de la editorial Kaiōsha el 10 de enero de 2004, finalizando un mes más tarde con tres volúmenes. Ha sido licenciada para su publicación en varios idiomas; en Estados Unidos lo fue por Digital Manga Publishing, en Alemania por Tokyopop Germany, en Taiwán por Taiwan Tohan y en Francia por Taifu Comics.

Argumento
Yūki Kojima es un alegre estudiante de secundaria que decide trabar amistad con el solitario y misterioso joven marginado de su clase, Atsushi Nakahara. A medida que logra acercarse a este, Yūki descubre que Nakahara tiene una vida hogareña solitaria y difícil; su padre esta ausente la mayor parte del tiempo y su madre se encuentra mentalmente deshabilitada. Durante un viaje escolar a Kyūshū, Yūki también aprende que Atsushi ha intentado huir de su hogar en numerosas ocasiones, pero nunca ha tenido éxito en ello. El deseo de Atsushi es "cruzar el mar", inspirado por las mariposas que pueden volar una gran distancia siendo arrastradas por el viento y son capaces de prosperar en lugares desconocidos para ellas.

Con el transcurso del tiempo, Atsushi comienza a sentir sentimientos amorosos hacia Yūki, pero al confesarle su amor, este no está seguro acerca de como debería sentirse. Sin embargo, Yūki eventualmente también llega a la conclusión de que sus sentimientos por Atsushi son de amor. Con la graduación acercándose, Atsushi solicita una beca en la muy lejana Universidad de Seijo para escapar de su vida hogareña y, Yūki, a pesar de no tener notas tan altas como las de Atsushi, decide aplicar para la misma universidad y así poder continuar juntos.

Personajes

Es el protagonista principal de la historia. Yūki es un estudiante de secundaria, muy alegre y entusiasta, que decide tratar de ser amigo de Atsushi Nakahara, un muchacho solitario y callado de su clase. Al comienzo, duda acerca de sus sentimientos hacia Nakahara, pero termina por aceptar que lo que siente por él es amor.

Es un muchacho serio, apesadumbrado y solitario, en parte debido a su problemática vida familiar. Su padre —quien también es abusivo con él, habiéndolo golpeado varias veces— esta ausente la mayor parte del tiempo, mientras que su madre sufre de delirios mentales. Comienza a ganar nuevamente confianza en sí mismo cuando conoce a Yūki, además de volverse más amigable y abierto con otras personas. Ama profundamente a Yūki y le considera su soporte emocional. Odia a su padre por su paternidad mediocre y mal trato hacia su familia, además de proponerse a ser un mejor hombre de lo que este jamás lo fue. Cerca del final de la historia, le confía a Yūki que tiene planeado cambiar su apellido a Sugisaki, el apellido de su familia materna.

Es el tío de Atsushi y hermano menor de Yumiko; amable y dedicado. Diez años atrás, él y su cuñado tuvieron una fuerte discusión cuando Atsushi huyó de su hogar y Ikuo culpó a su padre, para luego golpearlo. Desde aquel entonces las relaciones entre ambos fueron frías y distantes. Irónicamente, Ikuo le ha dado a su sobrino el amor que su padre jamás le dio, mientras que el propio Atsushi le ve como una figura paterna, habiendo encontrado en este el afecto que nunca obtuvo de su padre.

Es la mentalmente inestable madre de Atsushi y hermana mayor de Ikuo. Su matrimonio con el padre de Atsushi fue arreglado por sus padres, pero Yumiko terminó enamorándose verdaderamente de él. De acuerdo con Atsushi, su estado comenzó a decaer cuando no logró ingresar a una prestigiosa escuela primaria a la que su madre quería que asistiera, y las cosas solo empeoraron desde ese entonces. Al enterarse de que su marido planeaba divorciarse de ella, enloquece y luego de ser llevada al hospital no parece reconocer al actual Atsushi, sino que cree que su hijo en realidad tiene seis años y vive con su padre en América.

Recepción
Julie Rosato de Mania Entertainment, en una reseña del primer volumen, ha comentado que los protagonistas, Nakahara y Kojima, son «un caprichoso y agresivo seme, y un alegre e inocente uke», además de agregar que ambos personajes son «absolutamente adorables juntos, viendo como desarrollaban su dolorosa relación». También ha comentado sobre la actitud de Nakahara en el mismo artículo, como «el tipo de mal humor y cascarabias, por que sus problemas familiares le han dejado dañado, deprimido y solo», pero que también es un chico «que quiere ser amado». Por su parte, ha descrito a Kojima como «alegre, como era de esperarse», y que es «el tipo de persona que realmente se preocupa por otras».

En una reseña para el segundo volumen, Rosato comentó en su mayoría sobre la relación amorosa que comenzaba a profundisarse entre los protagonistas. Observó que la relación se movía «lentamente, debido al nerviosismo de Kojima» y «su lealtad, determinación y sinceridad hacen que sea difícil para Nakahara mantener sus sentimientos bajo control». En otra reseña para el tercer y último volumen, los comentarios de Rosato se centraron en el final de la historia y sus atractivos. Confesó «haberse quedado impresionada de lo bien que Takanaga equilibró el romance, cada vez con más problemas personales, sin nunca olvidar añadir algo de humor...», y posteriormente consideró la serie como una «joya del yaoi, dulce, linda y llena de encanto».

El sitio web Active Anime, a su vez, ha halagado el arte del manga describiéndolo como «divertido y hermoso», mientras que su reseña para la historia fue de «madura y sofisticada».

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Manga de 2001
Publicaciones de manga
Anime y manga yaoi
Anime y manga de recuentos de la vida
Anime y manga cómico
Series de manga publicadas por Kaiōsha

Little Butterfly


Marie Kraja (, Zadar - , Tirana) est une artiste lyrique albanaise.

Après avoir étudié la musique au conservatoire de Graz de 1929 à 1934, Marie Kraja embrasse une carrière de soprano qui la conduit à travers l'Europe. Plus tard elle chantera pendant plusieurs années à l'.

Elle a aussi enregistré de nombreuses chansons du répertoire folk albanais.

Elle a reçu plusieurs prix au cours de sa carrière dont la médaille d'.

Depuis 1999, un festival d'opéra qui porte son nom a lieu à Tirana chaque année.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Zadar
Naissance en septembre 1911
Décès en novembre 1999
Décès à Tirana
Chanteuse albanaise d'opéra
Soprano albanaise
Naissance en Autriche-Hongrie
Décès à 88 ans

Marie Kraja


Khargone (en hindi: खरगोन ) es una localidad de la India, centro administrativo del distrito homónimo en el estado de Madhya Pradesh.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 246  a 319 km de la capital estatal, Bhopal, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 104 720 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Madhya Pradesh

Khargone


La fissure orbitaire inférieure (ou fente sphéno-maxillaire) est une fissure osseuse permettant la communication entre la fosse infratemporale et l'orbite.

Description
Son bord supérieur est formé par une crête de la grande aile de l'os sphénoïde.

Son bord inférieur est formé par le processus orbitaire de l'os palatin et le bord latéral de la face orbitaire de l'os maxillaire.

Elle est oblique en avant et en dehors et est limitée à l'avant par l'os zygomatique.

Rôle
Elle permet le passage :

 du nerf zygomatique, branche du nerf maxillaire ;
 des branches ascendantes du ganglion ptérygopalatin
 des vaisseaux infra-orbitaires, qui descendent du canal infra-orbitaire et sortent par le foramen orbitaire ;
 de la veine ophtalmique inférieure.

Images

Voir aussi

 Fissure orbitaire supérieure

Notes et références

Crâne

Fissure orbitaire inférieure


La Rivière sans retour (River of No Return, en anglais) est une chanson d'amour américaine, composée par Lionel Newman, avec des paroles de Ken Darby, enregistrée en single chez RCA Records par Marilyn Monroe pour la musique du film Rivière sans retour de la 20th Century Fox de 1954, une des chansons mythiques de sa carrière et du cinéma américain

Historique

Cette chanson d'amour est écrite et composée en 1954 pour le film western Rivière sans retour, de la 20th Century Fox, avec les deux stars d'Hollywood Marilyn Monroe et Robert Mitchum. Marilyn Monroe l'interprète en tant que chanteuse de saloon à la fin du film, avant de partir vivre avec Matt Calder (Robert Mitchum) et son fils « Si vous écoutez vous l'entendrez qui appelle, il y a une rivière qu'on appelle la rivière sans retour, elle est tantôt paisible, tantôt sauvage et libre, l'amour est un voyageur sur la rivière sans retour, emporté à jamais, pour être perdu dans les flots tumultueux, j'entends la rivière qui appelle (sans retour, sans retour), là où mugissent les chutes d'eau, j'entends mon amant qui appelle : viens à moi (sans retour, sans retour)... ».

À l'image du scénario du film, Marilyn Monroe épouse en janvier 1954 la légende du baseball américain Joe DiMaggio, et déclare alors à la presse « Ma principale ambition est, maintenant, de me consacrer à mon mariage ».

Cinéma, musique de film
 1954 : Rivière sans retour , d'Otto Preminger, interprétée par Marilyn Monroe.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Ballade
Chanson d'amour
Chanson de cinéma
Chanson interprétée par Marilyn Monroe
Chanson de 1954

Rivière sans retour (chanson)


La plaza del anfiteatro (en italiano "Piazza dell'Anfiteatro") es una plaza de la ciudad toscana de Lucca (Italia), construido sobre las ruinas del antiguo anfiteatro romano (), que determina la forma elíptica cerrada característica de la plaza.

La plaza nació en la Edad Media, en este período fue llamada "parlascio", una deformación de la palabra latina paralisium ("teatro"), que por la influencia de la palabra "parlare" (hablar en italiano), se decía que indicaba el lugar donde se celebraban reuniones públicas. Progresivamente con el paso de los años se fueron construyendo distintos tipos de construcciones: almacenes, polvorines y cárceles entre otros.

En el  el arquitecto luchesi Lorenzo Nottolini decidió una recuperación de la estructura urbana antigua de la ciudad. La zona del anfiteatro fue despejada y se abrió la "vía del anfiteatro" de perfil elíptico y que rodea los edificios en torno a la plaza. El nuevo espacio urbano fue utilizado para el mercado de la ciudad (Mercado de víveres), hasta que en la primera mitad del  la sede del mercado se trasladó al mercado Carmine.

Hoy en día, el perímetro de la plaza se halla aproximadamente a 3 metros del antiguo anfiteatro romano. En algunas de las tiendas aún hoy son visibles las estructuras arquitectónicas de la época republicana. El acceso a la plaza es posible a través de cuatro puertas, pero solo una de ellas (la más baja) es similar a las originales.

Plaza del Anfiteatro
Arquitectura de Toscana

Plaza del Anfiteatro


Simone Raccani (né le  à Thiene) est un coureur cycliste italien.

Biographie
Simone Raccani commence le cyclisme à l'âge de sept ou huit ans à la Scuola Ciclismo Alto Vicentino, en Vénétie. Il poursuit ensuite sa progression au VC Schio 1902 dans les jeunes catégories. Chez les juniors, il court au club Borgo Molino Rinascita Ormelle, où il se fait remarquer par ses qualités de grimpeur.

En 2020, il rejoint l'équipe continentale Beltrami TSA Marchiol pour ses débuts espoirs. Les deux années suivantes, il est membre de l'équipe Zalf Euromobil Fior. Il gagne plusieurs courses d'un jour en Italie, notamment le Gran Premio Capodarco 2021, ainsi que le Trofeo di Monte Urano et le Trophée MP Filtri en 2022. En juillet 2022, il termien troisième du Tour de la Vallée d'Aoste, une course par étapes réputée du calendrier des moins de 23 ans. Le mois suivant, il est stagiaire au sein de l'équipe World Tour belge Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl, avec qui, il abandonne les trois courses où il est au départ.

En 2023, il rejoint l'UCI ProTeam Eolo-Kometa. Il se classe notamment cinquième du classement général de la Course de la Paix espoirs et seizième du Tour d'Autriche. Cependant, le 17 août 2023, il annonce arrêter sa carrière à 22 ans pour des raisons personnelles, souhaitant se fixer de nouvelles priorités et de nouveaux objectifs.

Palmarès
 2018
  du Giro del Nordest d'Italia (contre-la-montre par équipes)
 2019
 Coppa Montes
 GP FWR Baron
 Eccellenze Valli del Soligo (contre-la-montre par équipes)
 Schio-Ossario del Pasubio
  du Trofeo Guido Dorigo
  du Tour du Frioul Juniors
 2021
 Tour de la province de Bielle
 Gran Premio Capodarco
  du Giro del Medio Brenta
  de Zanè-Monte Cengio
 2022
 Trofeo di Monte Urano
 Trophée MP Filtri
  du Mémorial Claudia
  des Strade Bianche di Romagna
  du Tour de la Vallée d'Aoste

Classements mondiaux

Notes et références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste italien
Naissance en mars 2001
Naissance à Thiene

Simone Raccani


Nicole Loraux (Paris, 26 de abril de 1943 – Argenteuil, 6 de abril de 2003) foi uma historiadora francesa da Atenas clássica.

Biografia
Ela nasceu em Paris e morreu em Argenteuil. Graduou-se em Clássicos na École normale supérieure des filles (1962). Em 1965, obteve a agrégation de lettres classiques (exame equivalente à Pós-Graduação em Docência do Ensino Superior, mas mais competitivo), antes de escrever uma tese de doutoramento sob a orientação do historiador francês Pierre Vidal-Naquet.

Sua tese de doutorado Athènes imaginaire. Histoire de l'oraison funèbre athénienne et de sa fonction dans la cité classique (1977) tornou-se a obra mais conhecida de Loraux, The Invention of Athens: the Funeral Oration in the Classical City (Cambridge, MA 1986; Nova Iorque 2006; original fr. Paris 1981).

Loraux foi influente na ascensão do gênero como uma importante categoria de análise na história da Grécia antiga. Ela foi descrita como uma historiadora estruturalista "preeminente". Em 2007, uma conferência foi realizada em Paris para explorar o legado de Loraux em estudos feministas e clássicos. Em 2018, uma conferência em Estrasburgo intitulada 'A oração fúnebre ateniense: 40 anos depois de Nicole Loraux' prestou homenagem ao "enorme impacto" do trabalho de Loraux em nossa compreensão da "parte central da oração fúnebre na manutenção da auto-identidade ateniense".

Obras publicadas

 La Tragédie d'Athènes. La politique entre l'ombre et l'utopie (em francês), Seuil, 2005
 La Cité divisée. L'oubli dans la mémoire d'Athènes (em francês), Paris, Payot, col. «Petite Bibliothèque Payot», 2005
 (dir.), Grecia al femminile (em italiano), Roma-Bari, Gius. Laterza & Figli, 1993; La Grèce au féminin, tradução francesa dos artigos em italiano por Hélène Monsacré, Belles Lettres, coll. «História», 2003
 com Carles Miralles (dir.), Figures de l'intelectuel en Grèce ancienne (em francês), Berlim, 2000
 La Voix endeuillée. Essai sur la tragédie grecque , Gallimard, 1999
 Né de la terre. Mythe et politique à Athenes (em francês), Paris, Seuil, col. «La Librairie du xx e siècle», 1996
 La Cité divisée. Crítica da política (em francês), Payot, 1997
 L'Invention d'Athènes. Histoire de l'oraison funèbre dans la «Cité Clássico (em francês)» , Paris/La Haye, ed. de l'EHESS/Mouton, 1981; nouvelle éd., nouvelle préface, Payot, 1993
 Qu'est-ce qu'une déesse dans Histoire des femmes en Occident I (em francês), Plon, 1991
 Les Enfants d'Athena. Idées athéniennes sur la citoyenneté et la division des sexes (em francês), Paris, Maspero, 1981 ; éd. augmentée d'une postface, Seuil, col. «Pontos/Ensaios», 1990
 Les Mères en deuil (em francês), Paris, Seuil, 1990
 Les Experiências de Tirésias. Le féminin et l'homme grec (em francês), Paris, Gallimard, NRF Essais, 1990
 Façons tragiques de tuer une femme (em francês), Paris, Hachette, 1985

Obras publicadas em inglês

 The invention of Athens: the funeral oration in the classical city (em inglês), New York, Zone Books, 2006 ; Cambridge, M.A., Harvard University Press, 1986
 The divided city: on memory and forgetting in ancient Athens (em inglês), New York, Zone Books, 2002
 The mourning voice: an essay on Greek tragedy  (em inglês), Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 2002 .
 Born of the earth: myth and politics in Athens (em inglês), Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 2000
 Mothers in mourning: with the essay, Of amnesty and its opposite (em inglês), Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1998
 The experiences of Tiresias: the feminine and the Greek man (em inglês), Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1995
 The children of Athena: Athenian ideas about citizenship and the division between the sexes (em inglês), Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1993
 "What is a Goddess?" in A History of Women, Volume I: From Ancient Goddesses to Christian Saints (em inglês), ed. Pauline Schmitt Pantel, Cambridge, M.A., Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992, 11–44, orig. it. Roma-Bari 1990
 Tragic ways of killing a woman (em inglês), Cambridge, M.A., Harvard University Press, 1987

Escritores da França
Mortos em 2003
Nascidos em 1943
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Nicole Loraux


Litáíska karlalandsliðið í knattspyrnu er er fulltrúi Litháen í knattspyrnu og er stjórnað af Litháíska knattspyrnusambandinu.

Heimildir

Evrópsk knattspyrnulandslið
Karlalandslið í knattspyrnu

Litáíska karlalandsliðið í knattspyrnu


Turbanul lui Ali-Baba este un film românesc din 1974 regizat de Virgil Mocanu.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1974 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1974

Turbanul lui Ali-Baba


NGC 6837 je otvoreni skup u zviježđu Orlu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6837
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6837 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 6837  DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6800 - 6849

6837

NGC 6837


Demirci, Tunceli ilinin Mazgirt ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Coğrafya
Tunceli il merkezine 52 km, Mazgirt ilçesine 44 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Mazgirt belde ve köyleri

Demirci, Mazgirt


8022 Scottcrossfield este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
8022 Scottcrossfield este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Kleť de Antonín Mrkos. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,29 ua, o excentricitate de 0,00 și o înclinație de 3,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 8001-9000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1990
Centura de asteroizi

8022 Scottcrossfield


Genoni (sardisk: Jaròi, Geròni) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Sud Sardegna i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 447 meters højde og har 832 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 43,79 km² og grænser til kommunerne Albagiara, Assolo, Genuri, Gesturi, Gonnosnò, Laconi, Nuragus, Nureci, Setzu og Sini.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Sud Sardegna

Genoni


Gaudioso de Nápoles o Gaudiosus el Africano fue un obispo de Abitinia (en la provincia de África) durante el siglo V. Abitina era una pueblo cercano a Cartago en lo que ahora es Túnez. Es venerado por la Iglesia católica.

Biografía

Septimius Celius Gaudiosus, abandonó el norte de África durante las persecuciones de Genserico en un barcaza que llegó a Nápoles junto con otros religiosos incluido el obispo de Cartago, al que llamaron Quodvultdeus.  Llegando sobre el 439, se estableció en la acrópolis de Nápoles.

La introducción de la Regla de san Agustín en Nápoles se le atribuye a él junto a la introducción de algunas reliquias de santos, como las de santa Restituta.

Las reliquias de Gaudioso fueron enterradas en las catacumbas de san Gennaro en el . Uno de los cementerios de esas catacumbas tiene el nombre de San Gaudioso.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial de las catacumbas de Nápoles
 Gaudioso de Nápoles
 San Gaudioso di Abitine

Santos de Italia
Santos del siglo V
Santos católicos
Obispos de Italia del siglo V
Cartagineses
Fallecidos en Nápoles
Antiguos romanos del siglo V
Obispos santos
Santos cristianos de la Antigua Roma

Gaudioso de Nápoles


ألبرت باتو ، من مواليد 2 يوليو 1919 في ريمز في فرنسا وتوفي في 28 فبراير 2003 في مي لان في فرنسا، لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم فرنسي سابق.

الاندية والمنتخب
 لعب مع نادي ستاد ريمز منذ عام 1937 وحتى عام 1950.
 لعب مع منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم منذ عام1948 وحتى عام 1949، وشارك في 8 مباريات وسجل هدف واحد.

التدريب
بدأ مسيرته التدريبية مع نادي ستاد ريمز في عام 1950، ودربهم حتى عام 1963، وفي تلك الفترة درب منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم، ودربهم منذ عام 1955 وحتى عام 1962، وفي عام 1963 انتقل إلى تدريب نادي غرينوبل ودربهم حتى عام 1967، وفي عام 1967 انتقل إلى تدريب نادي سانت إتيان، ودربهم حتى عام 1972، وفي عام 1979 درب نادي نيس، وفي موسم 1980/1981 درب نادي مارسيليا.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من ريمس
لاعبو كرة قدم من المارن (إقليم فرنسي)
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون من ريمس
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو رانس
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من غراند إيست
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم
مدربو أولمبيك مارسيليا
مدربو الدوري الفرنسي
مدربو كأس أمم أوروبا 1960
مدربو كأس العالم 1958
مدربو كرة قدم فرنسيون
مدربو منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم
مدربو نادي أفينير أفينيون
مدربو نادي سانت إتيان
مدربو نادي ستاد ريمس
مدربو نادي غرونوبل
مدربو نيس
مواليد 1919
مواليد في رانس
وفيات 2003

ألبرت باتو


Alessandro Florenzi ()

Palmares

Club
Roma
Vice-campion
Serie A (2): 2013–14, 2014–15,  2016–17
Coppa Italia (1): 2012–13

International
Naționala Italiei sub-21
Vice-campion
UEFA European Under-21 Championship (1): 2013

Individual
Volkswagen MLS All-Star Game MVP: 2013
Pallone d'Argento: 2015–16

Referințe

Nașteri în 1991
Oameni din Roma
Fotbaliști italieni
Fotbaliști internaționali italieni
Fotbaliști ai lui AS Roma
fotbaliști ai cluburilor din Italia
Fotbaliști ai lui AC Milan

Alessandro Florenzi


Koncert za klavir i orkestar u D-duru, Hob. XVIII:11 je solistički koncert koji je Joseph Haydn skladao vjerojatno prije 1782. godine. Koncert je postao popularan još za Haydnova života i otad ne silazi s koncertnih repertoara.

Nastanak
Joseph Haydn, "otac simfonije", uz svoje mlađe suvremenike Mozarta i Beethovena bio je velikan bečkog klasicizma. Od 1761. godine do smrti bio je u službi na dvoru Eszterházyjevih. Prekretnica je, međutim, bila 1779. godina, kad je iz novog ugovora izbačena ranija klauzula po kojoj je morao pisati glazbu isključivo za poslodavca, nije smio kopirati djela, a bez suglasnosti poslodavca nije smio ni skladati za druge. Tako je Haydn mogao skladati djela za druge naručitelje i prodavati ih. Time je počela rasti njegova popularnost u Europi.

U tom je razdoblju skladao i Koncert za klavir i orkestar u D-duru. Iako postoji 20-ak izvora ovog koncerta, ne postoji izvorni Haydnov. Stoga nije poznat datum skladanja, a muzikolozi smatraju da je napisan prije 1782. godine. Dvije izdavačke kuće objavile su koncert 1784. godine, bečka Artaria i pariska Boyer. Koncert je postao popularan još za Hajdnova života, jer je čak 8 izdavača objavilo djelo.

O glazbi
Orkestracija: solo čembalo ili klavir, 2 oboe, 2 roga, gudači

Tonalitet: D-dur

Koncert je izvorno napisan za čembalo ili klavir, u stilu ranog klasicizma.

 Vivace
 Un poco adagio
 Rondo all'ungharese

1. Vivace
Prvi stavak u D-duru napisan je u sonatnoj formi u 4/4 taktu. Orkestar uvodi nekoliko tema koje ponavlja solist. Prva tema se zatim razrađuje ponavljanjem motiva naizmenično između solista i dijelova orkestra. Finale sadrži kratku solističku kadencu.

2. Un poco adagio
Spori drugi stavak u A-duru je u ternarnoj formi (ABA) u 3/4 taktu. Međutim, stavak je monotematski i Haydn ne uvodi drugu temu, već prvu lirsku temu, koju uvode gudači, preuzima klavir i uljepšava ju ornamentacijama. I ovaj stavak završava solističkom kadencom.

3. Rondo all'ungharese
Treći stavak vraća D-dur, a takt je 2/4. Stavak je po tipu rondo, energičan u tempu Allegro assai, ali se refren i kupleti ne izmjenjuju uvijek prema uobičajenoj formi.

U 19. stoljeću osporeno je mađarsko podrijetlo glavne teme trećeg stavka, u kojoj je prepoznato kolo iz Dalmacije i Bosne ("Širi kolo"), ali je koncem 20. stoljeća Bálint Sárosi sličnu igru našao u glazbi transilvanijskih Cigana i verbunkosu (mađ. verbunkoš - stari mađarski ples i glazbeni stil iz 18. stoljeća).

Uobičajeno trajanje koncerta je oko 20 minuta.

Izvori
 Koncert u neslužbenom vodiču koncerta Fakulteta umetnosti u Nišu od 3. prosinca 2019.  (objavljeno: 25. studenoga 2019., pristupljeno: 5. lipnja 2020.)
 Marianne Williams Tobias, Programski vodič Koncerta u D-duru, Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra  (objavljeno: 2016., pristupljeno: 5. lipnja 2020.)
 Koncert za klavir i orkestar u D-duru u bazi IMSLP, imslp.org  (pristupljeno: 5. lipnja 2020.)
 Klavierkonzert D-Dur, zvučni zapisi koncerta u više raznih izvođenja, MP3 Quack  (Pristupljeno: 10. rujna 2020.)

Skladbe klasičnog razdoblja

Koncert za klavir i orkestar u D-duru (Haydn)


سوق الثلاثة إحدى بلديات دائرة باب العسة بولاية تلمسان الجزائرية.

المصادر

سوق الثلاثاء

سوق الثلاثاء (ولاية تلمسان)


Cannibal Corpse prvi je demo album američkog death metal-sastava Cannibal Corpse, objavljen 2. svibnja 1989. godine. Demo je prethodnik prvog studijskog albuma sastava Eaten Back to Life te su sve pjesme s dema bile ponovno snimljene za album. Iako je pravo ime dema "Cannibal Corpse", znan je i pod imenima "A Skull Full of Maggots" ili jednostavnije "The Demo" među obožavateljima Cannibal Corpsea.

Demo je ponovno objavljen u box setu "Cannibal Corpse's 2003 Box Set 15 Year Killing Spree".

Produkcija
Prvobitna verzija dema snimljena je isključivo za kazetu. Objavljeno je samo 200 kazeta, 100 s bijelom i 100 s crvenom pozadinom. Iako su kazete bile jeftino producirane te ih je mnogo odbačeno, obožavatelji i sam sastav smatraju demo odličnim. Većina primjeraka kazeta je bilo podijeljeno obožavateljima. Nekoliko izvornih kazeta još uvijek postoji, no danas se smatraju rijetkima i vrlo vrijednima obožavateljima grupe.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje
Cannibal Corpse
Chris Barnes – vokali
Jack Owen – gitara
Bob Rusay – gitara
Alex Webster – bas-gitara
Paul Mazurkiewicz – bubnjevi
Ostalo osoblje
Dennis Fura – snimanje

Izvori

Albumi sastava Cannibal Corpse
Albumi iz 1989.

Cannibal Corpse (album)


Der Mount Munro ist ein Berg im Nordwesten der zum australischen Bundesstaat Tasmanien gehörenden Cape-Barren-Insel.

Er wurde vermutlich nach James Munro (1779 bis vermutlich 1845), einem früheren Sträfling, Seehundjäger und Strandläufer in der Bass-Straße, benannt. Dieser lebte vom Beginn der 1820er-Jahre an mehr als 20 Jahre auf der nahegelegenen Preservation-Insel, und das mit mehreren Frauen.

Die Cape-Barren-Insel ist heute ein Reservat für Aborigines.

Quelle
 Brian Plomley, Kristen A. Henley: The Sealers of Bass Strait and the Cape Barren Island Community. Blubber Head Press, Hobart 1990, ISBN 0-908528-21-3.

Einzelnachweise

Berg unter 1000 Meter
Berg in Australien und Ozeanien
Berg in Tasmanien

Mount Munro


Velika količina podataka (en. Big data), pojam u zakonodavstvu EU koji se odnosi na velike količine različitih vrsta podataka koji brzo nastaju iz velikog broja različitih vrsta izvora. Za rukovanje današnjim vrlo različitim skupovima podataka u stvarnom vremenu potrebni su novi alati i metode poput snažnih procesora, softvera i algoritama. Raspon područja primjene u kojima se boljim rukovanjem velikom količinom podataka može ostvariti napredak su:
 Sustavi: Sustavi IKT-a (informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije) kojima je moguće obavljati detekciju, aktivaciju, računanje i komunikaciju ugrađene u fizičke predmete, međusobno povezani internetom, koji građanima i poduzećima pružaju širok raspon inovativnih aplikacija i usluga (pametno povezani predmeti) te
 Prvi korisnici i katalizatori: tijela javnog sektora u ulozi "pokretačkih korisnika" i posrednika za nove podatkovne usluge i digitalnu robu. Javni sektor ima ključnu ulogu u prihvaćanju računalnih usluga u oblaku i ostalih novih pristupa te u izgradnji povjerenja građana i poduzeća, uključujući mala i srednja poduzeća.
Da bi pridonijela stvaranju pozitivnog okruženja za razmjenu otvorenih podataka, Europska komisija će podržati mapiranje postojećih relevantnih normi za brojna područja velike količine podataka (npr. pametne mreže, zdravstvo, promet, okoliš, maloprodaja, proizvodnja, financijske usluge). Ključne vodoravne platforme za napredno modeliranje, simulaciju i primjene velike količine podataka su sljedeće generacije tehnologija u području HPC-a (eng. high-performance computing). Osnivanje centara izvrsnosti u primjeni HPC-a za rješavanje znanstvenih, industrijskih i društvenih izazova postojećim uJPP-om na HPC-u bit će dio budućih aktivnosti. Vrhunska e-infrastruktura HPC-a za istraživanje je PRACE, kojom je osiguran pristup najboljim superračunalnim sredstvima (računalstvo visokih performansa, eng. high-performance computing, HPC) i uslugama za industriju, mala i srednja poduzeća te sveučilišta.

Temeljno pravo na zaštitu osobnih podataka primjenjuje se na veliku količinu podataka kad su oni osobni: obrada podataka mora biti u skladu s primjenjivim pravilima o zaštiti podataka. Vodoravno pravo u području potrošača i oglašavanja primjenjuje se i na proizvode koji se temelje na tehnologiji velike količine podataka. U nekoliko sektora zahtjevi za lokaciju podataka ograničavaju prekogranični protok informacija te su prepreka jedinstvenom tržištu za računalstvo u oblaku i veliku količinu podataka.

Postojećim uJPP-om (ugovorno javno-privatno partnerstvo) u EU u području mreže 5G uspostavljaju se tehnološki temelji mobilnog interneta budućnosti i prate regulatorne inicijative i inicijative za financiranje namijenjene poticanju privatnih ulaganja u širokopojasnu infrastrukturu. Njime se podupire razvoj središnjih mreža povećanjem njihova kapaciteta za rukovanje velikim količinama podataka.

Izvori

Računarstvo

Velika količina podataka


Helsingør Skibsværft - Historien om en drøm er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1984 instrueret af Ib Makwarth.

Handling
I april 1983 opgav Helsingør Værfts ejere at videreføre værftets nybygningsafdeling med udgangen af 1983. Medarbejderne på værftet forsøger i løbet af sommeren at redde situationen for de ansatte og for byen, hvis liv altid har været stærkt præget af den store virksomhed. "Skibsværftet Helsingør" dannes, der tegnes aktier og skrabes penge sammen fra private og offentlige kasser. Optimismen stiger, men da værftet ikke får den forventede ordre på færger, må nøglen drejes om. Filmens tema er kampen mod arbejdsløsheden, som det medarbejderstyrede foretagende tager op, men taber. Filmen indeholder foruden beskrivelsen af kampen for værftets overlevelse et historisk afsnit om den specielle og dybe samhørighed by og arbejdsplads imellem.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1984

Skibsværft - Historien om en drøm
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark


Die Kleinbauernpartei Finnlands (finnisch: Suomen pienviljelijäin puolue, SPP) war eine politische Partei in Finnland, die von 1929 bis 1936 bestand.

Die SPP wurde am 12. Mai 1929 in Tampere gegründet. Bereits vorher erschien schon die Parteizeitschrift, der Kleinbauer Finnlands.

Die SPP vertrat linke Programmziele in der Wirtschaft. Sie kritisierte die Sozialdemokratische Partei Finnlands und den Landbund, sich zu wenig um die Kleinbauern des Landes zu kümmern.

1936 vereinigten sich die Kleinbauernpartei Finnlands, die Volkspartei und das Wahlbündnis Männer in Not zur Kleinbauern- und Landvolkpartei.

Wahlergebnisse

Parlamentswahlen

Präsidentschaftswahlen

Historische Partei (Finnland)
Bauernpartei
Gegründet 1929
Finnische Geschichte (20. Jahrhundert)

Kleinbauernpartei Finnlands


La gare de Pokrovsk est une gare du Réseau ferré de Donestk, elle est située en Ukraine.

Situation ferroviaire

Histoire
Elle était la ligne du chemin de fer de Catherine et fut mise en service en 1884. La ligne était déjà en fonction en 1881 et employait plus de mille personnes. La gare devint un dépôt de locomotives.

Service des voyageurs

Accueil

Les bâtiments sont inscrit au Registre national des monuments immeubles d'Ukraine sous le numéro : 14-132-0011.

Desserte

Elle est principalement utilisée pour le transport de charbons, denrées alimentaires, elle est aussi une gare de voyageurs.

Intermodalité

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Transport ferroviaire en Ukraine.
 Liste de gares en Ukraine.

Liens externes

Gare dans l'oblast de Donetsk
Gare
Gare mise en service en 1881

Gare de Pokrovsk


Becket o el honor de Dios (Becket ou l'honneur de Dieu, en su lengua original) es una obra de teatro escrita en francés por Jean Anouilh. Se trata de una representación del conflicto entre Tomás Becket y el rey Enrique II de Inglaterra que conduce al asesinato de Becket en 1170. Contiene muchas inexactitudes históricas, que el autor ha reconocido.

Antecedentes
La interpretación de Anouilh del relato histórico, aunque a menudo irónica, es más sencilla que el drama histórico de T. S. Eliot sobre el mismo tema, Asesinato en la catedral, que fue concebido principalmente bajo un tratamiento religioso. Sin embargo, hay algunas similitudes en la interpretación del personaje.

Sinopsis
La obra recrea los conflictos entre el rey Enrique II y Tomás Becket desde una inicial amistad (o algo más) y cómo este último (el mejor amigo de Enrique) pasa desde el poder político profano al poder religioso y sagrado convirtiéndose en enemigo del rey.

Becket, tras ser nombrado arzobispo de Canterbury, se transforma en un asceta que hace todo lo posible para preservar los derechos de la Iglesia contra el poder del rey. En última instancia, Becket es asesinado por algunos nobles partidarios del rey en la catedral de Canterbury el 29 de diciembre de 1170.

Personajes
Los personajes principales son el rey Enrique II de Inglaterra, Tomás Becket, el Arzobispo, los Obispos de Londres, Oxford y York, los Príncipes de Inglaterra, el Rey de Francia, un monje, barones ingleses y franceses, el Papa, el Cardenal, la Reina, la Reina madre y Gwendoline.

Representaciones destacadas
La obra fue estrenada en el Teatro Montparnasse-Gaston Baty de París el 8 de octubre de 1959. La puesta en escena la realizó el propio autor al alimón con Roland Piétri, con decorados y vestuario de Jean-Denis Malclès. Los papeles principales fueron interpretados por Daniel Ivernel (rey) y Bruno Crémer (Becket). Se suprimió una escena de diálogo entre Becket y un monje.

La producción original de Broadway se estrenó el 5 de octubre de 1960 en la San James Theatre en una producción de David Merrick, dirigida por Peter Glenville y protagonizada por Laurence Olivier como Tomás Becket y Anthony Quinn como el rey Enrique II. La producción fue nominada para cinco Premios Tony y ganó cuatro, incluyendo el de mejor obra. Con posterioridad Arthur Kennedy sustituyó a Quinn.

En Londres la producción se estrenó en el Aldwych Theatre el 11 de julio de 1961, dirigida por Peter Hall de la Royal Shakespeare Company. Eric Porter interpretó a Becket y Christopher Plummer al Rey, con Gwen Frangcon-Davies, Peter Jeffrey, Diana Rigg, Ian Holm y Roy Dotrice en el reparto.

En Madrid la obra se estrenó en el Teatro Español, el 17 de febrero de 1962 con dirección de José Tamayo e interpretación de Francisco Rabal (Enrique II), Fernando Rey (Beckett), Antonio Gandía, Gregorio Díaz Valero, José Codoñer, José Guijarro, María Saavedra, Manuel Tejela, Antonio Soto, Ricardo Merino, Ramón Centenero, Santiago Barés, Tomás Simón, Rafael Guerrero, María Antonieta Hernández, Manuel González, Luis Alberto Piay, Pilar Bienert, María Isabel Pallarés, Juan Antonio Lominchar, Francisco Carrasco, Luis Arija, Francisco Guijar, José Santoncha, José Martín, José Sepúlveda, Juan de Amézaga y Juan Ocaña.

En México, se estrenó el 25 de febrero de 1961, en el teatro Xola de la Ciudad de México, con José Gálvez como el rey, y Sergio de Bustamante como Becket, dirigidos por Ignacio Retes.

Adaptación cinematográfica

En 1964 la obra fue adaptada al cine en una producción del mismo título, protagonizada por Peter O'Toole y Richard Burton con John Gielgud, Donald Wolfit y Martita Hunt.

Referencias

Obras de Jean Anouilh
Obras de teatro de 1959
Obras de teatro ambientadas en la Edad Media
Enrique II de Inglaterra

Becket (obra de teatro)


The desert bandicoot (Perameles eremiana) is an extinct bandicoot of the arid country in the centre of Australia.

Taxonomy
The description by Walter Baldwin Spencer was published in 1897, using a specimen provided by a European correspondent, Mr. Gillen, who had settled at Alice Springs. The holotype was placed at the National Museum in Melbourne.
The type location was determined as the Burt Plain, an area north of Alice in South Australia.

The status as species is uncertain: it was proposed by L. Freedman in 1967 to represent a clinal form of a P. bougainville population, yet recognised in a revision of Perameles phylogeny in 2012. Names of the species by indigenous peoples of the central desert were reported by Spencer as mulgaruquirra at Alice Springs and iwurra at Charlotte Waters.
Common names for the species also include orange-backed bandicoot and waliya, the latter adopted from a traditional name at the Warburton region.

Description
A species of Perameles which, like the Isoodon of the bandicoot family Peramelidae, are terrestrial and somewhat quadrupedal foragers that use short forelimbs to excavate the ground. The hind limbs resemble the macropods, roos and wallabies, and the syndactyly that is typical of diprotodonts, the combined second and third toes of the hindfeet. The body is small and head that is proportionally long, narrow and pointed to suit its use in investigating the sand while digging. Like other peramelids, the pelage of Perameles eremiana is composed of coarse and stiff hair, the coloration of this species is a dull orange with darker bands over the rump. They most closely resemble the western barred bandicoot Perameles bougainville, most readily distinguished by a rufous-orange coloration at the flanks, face and rump. dark brown fur covered most of the upper and lower parts of the feet at the front and hind limbs. The tails of  Perameles are comparatively short, but in this species it was relatively longer, measuring 77–135 millimetres, and fur at the upper-side was dark brown; the end of the tail tapers to a point.

The range of measurements for specimens of P. eremiana are 180 to 285 mm for head and body length combined, and their weight is estimated to be around 205 grams.
Like other peramelids, the females have a rear facing pouch and possessed eight teats, the number of young may also have been as many as four although the only reports are of a female bearing two young. The distinctive characters of P. eremiana, the coloration, hair on the lower surface of the foot and longer pointed ears are thought to be adaptations suited to its arid environment of central Australian deserts.
Its diet is not known with certainty, but has been reported to include ants, beetle larvae, and termites.

Distribution and habitat
The last known specimen was collected in 1943 on the Canning Stock Route in Western Australia, and the species is presumed to be extinct.
Their first specimens, from the Alice Springs area, were described in 1897. It appears to have been common in the remote north-west of South Australia, the south-west of the Northern Territory, and the central part of Western Australia at least until the 1930s. Unconfirmed reports suggest that its range may have extended to the Tanami Desert and the arid Western Australian coast between Broome and Port Hedland.

Favoured habitat was sandy desert dominated by spinifex vegetation, Triodia species and other tussock grasses, on dunes or sand-plains. It appears to have disappeared between about 1943 and 1960. While the cause of its decline remains uncertain, it is thought to be related to the changed burning regimes that followed the removal of Aboriginal people from the central Australian deserts. Another factor may have been the introduction of the red fox in Australia.
The species succumbed to the variety of threatening factors associated with the collapse of mammal populations in Western Australia (1875–1925). A study that modelled its decline when attributed to an epizootic event, an unknown disease that was reported at the time, found that Perameles eremiana would have had no immunity to its impact.

The detailed habits of the species are unknown, but assumed to be similar to the extant western barred bandicoot.
They were found in areas also inhabited by the golden bandicoot Isoodon auratus.

A simple burrow was lined with sticks and leaves, scraped or dug at the ground beneath a shrub or spinifex tussock, and this provided refuge while it rested during the day. Foraging activity was nocturnal, and like other bandicoots, left a conical hole as it dug and investigated an area with its claws and long snout. This bandicoot was eaten by indigenous peoples, who captured the animal by blocking the entrance of its nest with one foot and removing the trapped animal by hand.

References

Extinct mammals of Australia
Peramelemorphs
Extinct marsupials
Mammal extinctions since 1500
Mammals of Western Australia
Extinct mammals of South Australia
Mammals of the Northern Territory
Marsupials of Australia
Mammals described in 1897
Taxa named by Walter Baldwin Spencer

Desert bandicoot


Die Medaille zum 25. Jahrestag der Befreiung des Vaterlandes (rumänisch A XXV-a aniversare a eliberării patriei) war eine staatliche Auszeichnung der Sozialistischen Republik Rumänien. Die Stiftung erfolgte am 23. Juli 1969 per Dekret 546 des Staatsrates (Consiliul de stat). Die Veröffentlichung der Statuten wurde im rumänischen Staatsanzeiger (Buletinul oficial) Nr. 83 und 64 bekannt gemacht. Die Medaille wurde als sichtbares Jubiläumsabzeichen für 25 Jahre der "sozialen und nationalen antifaschistischen Befreiungsrevolution", also der kommunistischen Machtergreifung, in einer Klasse gestiftet. Die Verleihung erfolgte an Personen, die einen besonderen Beitrag beim "Aufbau des Sozialismus" in Rumänien geleistet hatten. Ferner konnte die Medaille nach den Statuten auch an Personen verliehen werden, die sich 1944 verdienstvoll im Kampf gegen den Nationalsozialismus und Faschismus betätigt hatten. Abschließend konnte die Medaille auch an diejenigen verliehen werden, die sich bei der Einführung und Stärkung der "volksdemokratischen Kraft" in Rumänien verdient gemacht hatten.

Aussehen und Trageweise

Die einklassige silberpatinierte Medaille hat die Form eines zwölfstrahligen Sterns. Das Mittelmedaillon, welches von einem Ring vom Stern abgegrenzt ist, zeigt innerhalb zweier Eichenlaubzweige die Inschrift: REPUBLICA SOCIALISTIA ROMANIA A XXV / ANIVERSARE / A ELIBERARII / PATRIEI. Das Revers zeigt dagegen im Mittelmedaillon und innerhalb zweier Lorbeerzweige das Datum: 23 / AUGUST / 1944 / 1969.

Getragen wurde die Medaille an der linken Brustseite des Beliehenen an einem 31 mm breiten weißen Ordensband. In das Band ist mittig ein rot geleierter Mittelstreifen eingewebt. Der Saum besteht beidseitig aus den Nationalfarben Rumäniens rot-gelb-blau.

Siehe auch

 Liste der rumänischen Orden und Ehrenzeichen

Literatur

 Rainer Schmitt: Die Auszeichnungen der Volksrepublik und der Sozialistischen Republik Rumänien  1948–1989. Phaleristischer Verlag Michael Autengruber, Konstanz  2001, ISBN 3-936529-78-7, S. 80., 142.

Orden und Ehrenzeichen (Rumänien)

Medaille zum 25. Jahrestag des befreiten Vaterlandes


La société de l'histoire juive américaine ou American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS) est une organisation américaine fondée en 1892 ayant pour mission de favoriser la connaissance et la diffusion de l'histoire juive américaine et de servir de ressource scientifique nationale pour la recherche par la collecte, la préservation et la diffusion de documents relatifs à l'histoire juive américaine   .

Histoire
L'American Jewish Historical Society est la plus ancienne organisation historique ethnique des États-Unis. Le Center for Jewish History de Manhattan  héberge les collections, une bibliothèque spécialisée, des archives, des photographies et des collections d'art et d'artefacts qui documentent l'histoire juive américaine.

La société a des bureaux administratifs à New York, et à Boston. Elle remplie une fonction publique d'éducation et d'interprétation en publiant un journal, un bulletin, des monographies et des ouvrages de référence sur l'histoire des juifs aux Etats-Unis  .

En 2007, il faisait partie des 530 institutions artistiques et de services sociaux de la ville de New York à recevoir une partie d'une subvention de 20 millions de dollars de la Carnegie Corporation, rendue possible grâce à un don du maire de New York, Michael Bloomberg.

Anciens présidents

 1892–1898: Oscar S. Straus
 1899–1921: Cyrus Adler
 1921–1948: A.S.W. Rosenbach
 1948–1952: Lee M. Friedman
 1952–1954: Salo W. Baron
 1954–1955: David de Sola Pool
 1955–1958: Jacob Rader Marcus
 1958–1961: Bertram W. Korn
 1961–1964: Abram Kanof, MD
 1964–1967: Leon J. Obermayer
 1967–1969: Philip D. Sang
 1969–1972: Abram Vossen Goodman
 1972–1975: Abraham J. Karp
 1975–1976: Maurice Jacobs
 1976–1979: David R. Pokross
 1979–1982: Saul Viener
 1982–1985: Ruth B. Fein
 1985–1988: Morris Soble
 1988–1990: Phil David Fine
 1990–1993: Ronald C. Curhan
 1993–1998: Justin Wyner
 1998–2003: Kenneth J. Bialkin
 2003–2007: Sidney Lapidus
 2007–2010: Daniel R. Kaplan
 2011–2014: Paul B. Warhit
 2014–Present: Bernard J. Michael

Publications
La Société publie des livres, un programme de généalogie, des programmes de visites de musées, des supports éducatifs scolaires et d'autres supports d'activités éducatives en rapport avec leurs missions.

L'American Jewish Historical Society publie également les documents suivants :

 Heritage, une newsletter bi-annuelle
 American Jewish History
 Jews in Sports Online

Collections
L'American Jewish Historical Society possède quelque 40 millions d'objets dans ses archives, des manuscrits, des documents imprimés, des photographies, des fichiers audio, des films, du matériel numérique et des objets divers. Les éléments les plus importants de la collection sont des centaines de manuscrits et documents historiques produis par des juifs américains.

Par exemple ; les documents du Conseil de la Fédérations juive et du Welfare Funds, du Synagogue Council of America, de  l'American Jewish Congress, de l'American Jewish Committee et de l'Hebrew Benevolent Society, ainsi que des articles de la HIAS (anciennement la Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society) sur la période 1954 à 2000 ; United Jewish Appeal-Federation of New York et des organisations qui l'ont précédée pour la période 1909 à 2004 ; et du mouvement juif soviétique américain.

La Société détient le manuscrit original de « The New Colossus » d' Emma Lazarus, ainsi que les tout premiers documents juifs américains, tel le manuel de grammaire hébraïque de Judah Monis (1735), le premier siddour américain pour les fêtes juives imprimé en anglais. (1761), et le premier livre de prières hébreu-anglais publié aux États-Unis (1826).

La Société détient également les documents d'archive des American Jewish Patriots of the American Revolution, dont le contrat de mariage de Haym Salomon (1777).

En 1951 , un des fondateurs de L'American Jewish Historical Society, lui leg les portraits de la famille Franks, célèbre famille juive du New-York coloniale, parmi les portraits celui d'Abigail Franks, fameuse épistolière. Les portraits sont actuellement conservés au Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art à Bentonville, Arkansas.

La base de données gérée par la société, la Loeb Portrait Database of American Jewish Portraits est une base de données de plus de 400 portraits de Juifs américains d'avant 1865.

La Société gère également le Temple de la renommée juive-américaine, fondé en 1969 au Judah L. Magnes Museum de Berkeley, en Californie, et devenu une partie de l'American Jewish Historical Society en 2001.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Bibliographie

 Kaplan, Élisabeth. 2000. « Nous sommes ce que nous collectons, nous collectons ce que nous sommes : archives et construction identitaire. » L'archiviste américain . 63, non. 1 : 126–151. 0360-9081

Liens externes

 Archives de l'American Jewish Historical Society à l'American Jewish Historical Society

Juifs et judaïsme
Histoire du judaïsme
Musée fondé au XXIe siècle
Musée à New York
Archives aux États-Unis

American Jewish Historical Society


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Bánov enthält die zwei nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Bánov im Okres Nové Zámky.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

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Banov (Slowakei)

Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Bánov (Slowakei)


What or WHAT may refer to:

 What, an interrogative pronoun and adverb
 "What?", one of the Five Ws used in journalism

Film and television
 What! (film) or The Whip and the Body, a 1963 Italian film directed by Mario Bava
  What? (film), a 1972 film directed by Roman Polanski
 "What", the name of the second baseman in Abbott and Costello's comedy routine "Who's on First?"
 "What?", the catchphrase of professional wrestler Stone Cold Steve Austin

Music
 what., a comedy/music album by Bo Burnham, 2013
 What Records, a UK record label
 What? Records, a US record label

Songs
 "What" (song), by Melinda Marx, 1965
 "What?" (Rob Zombie song), 2009
 "What?" (SB19 song), 2021
 "What?", by 666 from The Soft Boys
 "What", by Bassnectar from Vava Voom
 "What?", by Corrosion of Conformity from Eye for an Eye
 "What?", by the Move from Looking On
 "What?", by A Tribe Called Quest from The Low-End Theory

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 Web Hypertext Application Technology
 What.CD, a private music tracker website for BitTorrent users.
 What (ITS utility), a small information utility in the Incompatible Timesharing System
 WhatsApp, cross-platform messaging and Voice over IP service owned by Facebook

Other uses
 WHAT (AM), a radio station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
 Winter Haven Area Transit, a transit system in Florida, US

See also
 Wat (disambiguation)
 Watt (disambiguation)
 WUT (disambiguation)
 Que (disambiguation)

What