Le Dragon qui éternuait (titre original : The Mystery of the Coughing Dragon) est un roman de Robert Arthur et de , paru en 1970 chez Random House aux États-Unis, faisant partie de la série policière pour adolescents Les Trois Jeunes Détectives.

Traduit par Claude Voilier, avec des illustrations de Jacques Poirier, le roman est paru une première fois en France en 1973 dans la Bibliothèque verte, puis en 1998 dans le cadre d'une réédition.

La rédaction du roman fut attribuée à Alfred Hitchcock pour des motifs publicitaires et de marketing dans les éditions de 1970 à 1984.

Résumé
« Les trois jeunes détectives » (Hannibal, Peter et Bob) sont amenés à enquêter de la manière la plus inattendue qui soit : quelqu'un a dérobé à un ami d'Alfred Hitchcock son chien, un setter irlandais. Hitchcock propose aux trois détectives de rechercher le voleur et le chien. Or Hannibal, qui suit l'actualité locale, a appris qu'on avait récemment enlevé, non pas un, mais cinq chiens dans le voisinage. Qui s'amuse à voler des chiens ? Et pourquoi ?

Les trois jeunes gens rencontrent donc M. Allen, dont le chien a été volé. Au fil de la discussion, l'homme leur révèle qu'il a vu, non loin de chez lui, dans la baie, « un dragon » qui se déplaçait dans la mer ! Et étrangement, ce dragon semblait « éternuer » !

Intrigués, les trois détectives explorent la plage. Le lendemain, ils décident de revenir et d'explorer une zone plus grande. Alors qu'ils se trouvent sur un escalier en bois, celui-ci se désintègre sous leurs pas et les trois adolescents manquent de s'écraser à terre plusieurs dizaines de mètres plus bas.

Puis, toujours en explorant la plage, Peter Crentch tombe dans un trou qui l'aspire tel des sables mouvants.

Poursuivant leurs recherches, ils apprennent que la zone contient plusieurs cavernes, et que non loin de là, quelques dizaines d'années auparavant, on avait creusé des galeries afin de créer un métro, projet qui avait été abandonné.

Ils trouvent l'accès d'une caverne donnant sur la plage. Y pénétrant, ils accèdent à une seconde caverne. Là, ils sont attaqués par un gigantesque dragon qui les effraie et qui les pousse à quitter les lieux.

Le lendemain, ils parviennent à retourner dans les lieux. Le dragon n'est pas un vrai animal mais un immense accessoire de cinéma, qui bouge sur rails et qui permet d'aller sous l'eau comme un sous-marin. Le mystère est résolu : on sait ce qu'est le fameux dragon. Mais qui l'a placé là, et pour quoi faire ? Et quel lien avec les chiens disparus ?

Les aventuriers découvrent que trois hommes sont à la manœuvre. Il s'agit du chef, M. Shelby, un ancien accessoiriste, et de deux comparses qu'il a recrutés, les frères Morgan. Ils veulent voler l'or de la banque fédérale, dont les coffres sont situés sous l'une des cavernes. Le plan était le suivant : durant un week-end, fracturer le sol de la banque par son sous-sol, pénétrer dans la banque, voler l'or, s'enfuir avec le dragon, l'abandonner dans la baie, remonter l'or avec des combinaisons d'hommes-grenouille et s'enfuir.

Les trois bandits sont faits prisonniers par les Trois Détectives, qui proposent à Shelby, comme rachat de sa faute, de laisser l'or déjà entreposé dans la caverne. Ainsi il ne sera pas vraiment un voleur.

Dans l'épilogue, les trois aventuriers sont remerciés par Alfred Hitchcock. Hannibal Jones répond aux questions laissées en suspens. La première est de savoir pourquoi le « dragon éternuait ». En fait il s'agissait de son moteur, ancien et peu fiable, qui comme un tracteur qui pétarade, fonctionnait mal et irrégulièrement. La seconde question est la raison du « vol des chiens ». En fait, pour ouvrir la caverne, Shelby utilisait un système à ultrasons. L'ouïe des chiens étant particulièrement sensible, tous les chiens de voisinage étaient accourus sur la plage, attirés par ce sifflement qu'ils étaient les seuls à entendre. Pour ne pas les tuer, Shelby les avait drogués et les avait enfermés dans un grand placard du dragon/sous-marin, les nourrissant chaque jour. Après le vol, il avait le projet de les libérer pour qu'ils rejoignent leurs propriétaires respectifs.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des romans de la Bibliothèque verte

Liens externes
  le roman sur Three-investigators-books.com
 Site de la Bibliothèque verte

Roman Les Trois Jeunes Détectives
Roman américain paru en 1970
Roman d'aventures américain
Dragon dans la littérature
Sous-marin dans la littérature
Roman se déroulant en Californie
Roman se déroulant dans les années 1970

Le Dragon qui éternuait


Süleyman Sırrı Aral (1874, Selanik - 15 Aralık 1925), Türk siyasetçi.

Mühendis Mektebi mezunudur. Suriye Bayındırlık Başmühendis Yardımcılığı, Yanya Merkez Mühendisliği ve İdadi Ögretmenliği, Bağdat Hendesiye Seddi Mühendisliği, Kudüs, Bursa Bayındırlık Başmühendisliği, Bayındırlık Bakanlığı Turuku Maabir Müdür Muavinliği, Nâfıa Vekâleti Nâfıa Umûm Müdürlüğü, Mühendislik Okulu Öğretmenliği, TBMM II. Dönem İstanbul Milletvekilliği, 1., 2. ve 4. Hükûmet Nâfıa Vekilliği yapmıştır. Evli ve dört çocuk babasıdır.

Kaynakça

1874 doğumlular
1925 yılında ölenler
Selanik doğumlu siyasetçiler
TBMM 2. dönem İstanbul milletvekilleri
20. yüzyılda Osmanlılar

Süleyman Sırrı Aral


Wittenborn, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Segeberg iline bağlı bölge. 6,19 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 849 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Gert Petzold tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-leezen.de

Segeberg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Wittenborn


Arena Næstved er den samlede betegnelse for to indendørs sportshaller og en arena til sport-, kultur- og b2b events, der ligger i byen Næstved på Sydsjælland. Den nye arena er bygget i forlængelse af de gamle Næstved Haller og Næstved Stadion. Arenaen har plads til 2.576 siddende publikummer eller 4.500 stående publikummer, mens de to sportshaller kan rumme hver op til 1300 publikummer. Samlet set kan de godt 6000 m2 således rumme mere end 7000 gæster, hvilket gør Arena Næstved til den største multihal på Sjælland uden for København.

Arena Næstved åbnede d. 17. november 2015, hvor den blev indviet med en basketballkamp mellem Team FOG Næstved og de forsvarende mestre Horsens IC i Basketligaen. I 2015 blev blev VM i kvindehåndbold afholdt i Danmark fordelt mellem Frederikshavn, Kolding, Næstved og Herning. Kampene i gruppe C blev spillet i Arena Næstved.

Der blev bevilget 48 mio. i lån til opførslen fra Lokale- og Anlægsfonden, men undervejs skred budgettet med 20 mio. kr. som følge af, at man måtte have en ny entreprenør. Byggeriet kostede samlet 90 mio. kr.

I januar 2017 blev nedsat en ny bestyrelse for Arena Næstved, der iværksatte en kaskade hvor først direktion blev etableret samme år i august og der efterfølgende blev kompetenceløftet i organisationen mhp at skabe en bæredygtig forretning og udvikle sig fra udelukkende at være et facility house til også at være indholdsleverandør.

Arena Næstved huser både folkeoplysningsaktiviteter i sin daglige drift, hvor lokale idrætsforeninger træner og spiller kampe mv, og har samtidig en omfattende erhvervsmæssig drift med store sports- og koncertevents. Kvindelandsholdet i Håndbold og Nykøbing Falster Håndboldklubs kvindekampe er spillet i arenaen, blandt andet finalekampen i 2017 hvor Nykøbing F blev danske mestre, ligesom Arena Næstved er venue for store koncertnavne som The Minds of 99, Dizzy Mizz Lizzy, Nik & Jay, Rasmus Seebach, Nephew, Kesi og Gilli samt komikerne Mick Øgendahl, Frank Hvam, Anders Matthesen og Jonathan Spang. Egne opsætning af teaterkoncerten Evita og musicalen Bølle Bob & Smukke Sally har også spillet i 2017, mens bluesfestivalen Blues Paradise, med en lineup af de største amerikanske bluesartister, blev gennemført i 2018 og 2019.

Fra 2022 har det danske herrelandshold i basketball hjemmebane i Arena Næstved.

Finalen i Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2023 blev afholdt i Arena Næstved med Tina Müller og Heino Hansen som værter.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Arena Næstved

Idrætshaller i Danmark
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Næstved
Etableret i 2015
Sport i Næstved

Arena Næstved


Monsenhor Olivier Ribadeau Dumas (Paris, 1 de abril de 1961) é um sacerdote católico brasileiro. É o atual Arcipreste-reitor da Catedral de Notre-Dame de Paris.

Referências

Padres católicos do Brasil

Olivier Ribadeau Dumas


An Ottelia exserta in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni James Edgar Dandy. An Ottelia exserta in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ottelia, ngan familia nga Hydrocharitaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo kulang hin datos. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ottelia

Ottelia exserta


Ion Vela este numele purtat de 2 senatori români:
 Ion Vela (senator în 2000-2004)
 Ion Vela (senator în 2016-2020)

Ion Vela


Metropolitanci, hrvatska je televizijska dramska serija u proizvodnji Ring produkcije za HRT. Autor serije kao i glavni scenarist i glavni producent je Dario Vince, dok je Igor Šeregi redatelj. Serija se počela prikazivati 26. rujna 2022.

Prikazivala se ponedjeljkom i utorkom u večernjemu terminu na programu HTV 1.

Serija je posvećena Anamariji Carević, jedinoj žrtvi zagrebačkoga potresa 2020., što je vidljivo u odjavnoj špici svake epizode.

Radnja
Radnja serije se događa u polu-izmišljenom zagrebačkom naselju Vrtovec, usred pandemije, nakon razornoga potresa, pa politika u naselje doseli stanovnike staroga središta grada čiji stanovi su razrušeni u potresu. U takvom novonastalom metropolitanskom krugu kuhaju se sukobi, najviše između zubara Petra i vlasnika mjesnoga restorana Pavića. Dok Petar želi u naselju mir i usklađenost, Pavić vidi priliku za brzo bogaćenje.

Pregled serije

Sezona 1

 Vijest se širi
 Dvadeset i tri godine kasnije
 Tko je tu glavni?
 Ili - Ili
 Ćaća plaća
 Blef
 Evo hita
 Olgina kuća lutaka
 Samo stvarnost
 Oprosti mi
 Osnove manipulacije
 Plan be
 Crno na bijelo
 Odi spat

Glumačka postava
 Rene Bitorajac kao Petar Galić, zubar
 Dijana Vidušin kao Marija Galić
 Mirela Brekalo Popović kao Stanka Galić
 Tom Rushaidat kao Tin Galić
 Lana Medar kao Karla Galić
 Ana Ugrina kao Petra Galić

 Dejan Aćimović kao Josip Pavić, vlasnik lokalnog restorana Čardak
 Linda Begonja kao Antica Pavić
 Roko Sikavica kao Ivan Pavić
 Filip Detelić kao Mislav Pavić, kuhar
 Toma Medvešek kao Domagoj Pavić Josipov sin, voli umjetnost

 Hrvoje Kečkeš kao Branko Barić
 Anita Matić Delić kao Vesna Barić
 Tea Harčević kao Marta Barić
 Roko Protić kao Martin Barić

 Nataša Janjić Medančić kao Dunja Mataković
 Janko Popović Volarić kao Tomo Mataković
 Igor Jurinić kao Vid Mataković
 Goran Grgić kao Mate Pajalić
 Ljubica Jović Capak kao Olga Cukor
 Barbara Nola kao Alma Cukor Toplak
 Janko Rakoš kao Krešo Toplak
 Tesa Litvan kao Laura Toplak
 Ksenija Marinković kao Violeta Turković
 Siniša Popović kao Tadija Jurkić
 Dušan Bućan kao Ernest Pavlek
 Judita Franković Brdar kao Sabina Bilić
 Vicko Bilandžić kao Roko Bilić
 Nika Grbelja kao Sara Bilić
 Filip Juričić kao Fra Mihovil
 Franjo Kuhar kao Ljubo Neralić
 Žarko Savić kao Baltazar Jukić
 Asja Jovanović kao Roza Vrabec
 Hana Hegedušić kao Evica Vrabec
 Sanja Marin Ožbolt kao Pepa Beloša
 Marko Hergešić kao Bruno Klancir
 Bernard Tomić kao Oliver Marić
 Pjer Meničanin kao Vinko Strmečki
 Mijo Pavelko kao Jura Bajdak
 Dubravka Ostojić kao Eleonora Slamar
 Pero Juričić kao Ozren Katić
 Klara Mučibabić kao Suzy Bonačić
 Tea Šimić kao Anela Mujdži
 Danira Gović kao Lidija Cvirn
 Fabijan Kovačević kao Andrija Cvirn
 Ornela Vištica kao Iva Koruni
 Matija Kačan kao Borut Stojšek
 Biserka Ipša Kunčević kao Jelica Stojšek
 Luka Petrušić kao policajac Mijo
 Dean Krivačić kao policajac Vili
 Jasmin Telalović kao Zlatko Serdar
 Ljiljana Bogojević kao Slavica Serdar
 Josip Brakus kao Jakov Serdar
 Tin Rožman kao Tuka
 Marica Vidušić Vrdoljak kao Milka Šnajder
 Antun Tudić kao Grga Kuš
 pas Argo kao Oliverov pas Bongo

Snimanje
Snimanje serije krenulo je 15. ožujka 2022. , snimalo se na sljedećim lokacijama: Buzin, Čehi, Mala Mlaka, Sv. Klara, Odra i na Podbrežju koji je služio za polu-izmišljeno zagrebačko naselje Vrtovec, snimanje serije završeno je 12. lipnja 2022.

Promocija
Pretpremijera dvije epizode serije prikazana je na 28. Sarajevskom filmskom festivalu, gdje je najavljena i priprema druge sezone.

Zagrebačka premijera održala se 5.rujna, a u Rovinju 23. rujna se održala premijera na 15. Weekend Media festivalu.

Izvori

Hrvatske dramske serije
Televizijske serije koje su počele 2022.

Metropolitanci (televizijska serija)


Santa Caterina a Chiaia (također poznata kao Santa Caterina martire) je rimokatolička crkva koja se nalazi na adresi via Santa Caterina 76 u Napulju, južna Italija. Nalazi se u blizini Piazze dei Martiri u dijelu grada Chiaia, blizu mjesta gdje Via Santa Caterina teče prema Via Chiaia u sjeni drveća.

Povijest
Crkvu je prvobitno sagradila obitelj Forti kao malu obiteljsku kapelu, nazvanu "S. Caterenella", a potom je predana franjevačkom redu, koji ju je proširio do 1600. zahvaljujući donacijama, posebno Gonzaga. Sadašnja je crkva, međutim, rezultat niza rekonstrukcija, uključujući barokni stil sve do 1732. godine nakon ozbiljnog potresa te godine.

Arhitektura
Visoko pročelje karakterizira prikaz mučeništva svete Katarine Aleksandrijske. Glavni ulaz obilježen je pločom u znak sjećanja na obnovu pročelja 1904. godine.

Crkva je u obliku latinskog križa, s bočnim kapelama. U središtu je kupola sagrađena 1601., koja se oslanja na četiri okrugla luka razvijena na četiri stupa koji omeđuju središte crkve. U podnožju ima osam svijetlih prozora iz kojih svjetlost pada u unutrašnjost.

Umjetnička djela u interijeru uglavnom su posvećena životu Svete Katarine, uključujući i istaknutu fresku kupole (1916.) Gustava Girosija.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Službene stranice

Katoličke crkve u Napulju
Barokne crkve u Napulju
Franjevačke crkve
Franjevci u Italiji

Santa Caterina a Chiaia


Judo Masculin

Alexandru Lungu (n. 3 septembrie 1974) este un judoka, luptător de arte marțiale mixte și kickboxer român. Lungu a concurat mai recent în categoria supergrea din MMA. Profesionist din 2005, Lungu a luptat în diferite compani precum sunt Pride Fighting Championships, Cage Rage sau K-1, atât în MMA cât și în Kickboxing.

Rezultate în Kickboxing

Rezultate în arte marțiale mixte

|-
|Victorie
| align=center|16–4
| Adnan Alic
|TKO (punches)
| RXF 29 - MMA All Stars 5: RXF vs. Magnum FC
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:12
| Brașov, România
|
|-
|Victorie
| align=center|15–4
| Martin Chudej
|TKO (punches)
| RXF 27 - Next Fighter
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|1:36
| Piatra Neamț, România
|
|-
|Victorie
| align=center|14–4
| John Painter
|TKO (punches)
| RXF 25 - MMA All Stars 3
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:26
| Ploiești, România
|
|-
|Victorie
| align=center|13–4
| Amadou Papis Konez
|TKO (punches)
| RXF 24 - Brașov
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:05
| Brașov, România
|
|-
|Înfrângere
| align=center|12–4
| Michał Wlazło
|TKO (knees and punches)
| Real Xtreme Fighting 21
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:11
| București, România
|
|-
|Victorie
| align=center|12–3
| Mahmoud Hassan
|Submission (north-south choke)
| Real Xtreme Fighting 19
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:43
| Galați, România
|
|-
|Victorie
| align=center|11–3
|Andrzej Kulik
|TKO (punches)
| Real Xtreme Fighting 18
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:59
| Cluj-Napoca, România
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center|10–3
|Mighty Mo
| KO (punch)
| Real Xtreme Fighting 15
|
| align=center|1
| align=center|4:05
| București, România
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 9–3
| Tomasz Czerwinski
| TKO (punches)
| Real Xtreme Fighting 12
|
| align=center|1
| align=center|4:25
| Mamaia, România
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 9-2
| Steven Banks
| TKO (strikes)
| Local Kombat
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| Onești, România
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 8–2
| Chris Mahle
| Submission (arm-triangle choke)
| Gala MMA: Romania-Germany
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:06
| Cluj Napoca, România
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 7–2
| Albert Sarkozi
| Submission (punches)
| Local Kombat Sibiu
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:25
| Sibiu, România
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 6–2
| Jimmy Ambriz
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| K-1 World Grand Prix 2010 in București
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| N/A
| București, România
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 5–2
| Rastislav Talarovic
| TKO (punches)
| K-1 ColliZion 2009 Final Tournament
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:46
| Praga, Cehia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 5–1
| Jesse Smith, Jr.
| Submission (smother choke)
| K-1 ColliZion 2009 Final Elimination
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:51
| Arad, România
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 4–1
| Ruben Villareal
| Submission (smother choke)
| Local Kombat 33
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:45
| Oradea, România
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 3–1
| Mark Bentley
| KO (punches)
| Strike MMA 3
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:06
| Cluj-Napoca, România
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 2–1
| Tom Erikson
| KO (punches)
| Strike MMA 2
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:21
| Mamaia, România
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 1–1
| Mark Buchanan
| Submission (kimura)
| Cage Rage 18
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:55
| Londra, Anglia
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 0–1
| James Thompson
| TKO (punches)
| PRIDE 30
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:13
| Saitama, Japonia
|

Referințe
kickboxeri români
sportivi români
Practicanți de arte marțiale mixte
Sportivi de arte marțiale români

Sandu Lungu


Richard Reeves Brodie (born November 10, 1959) is an American computer programmer and author. He wrote the first version of Microsoft Word. After leaving Microsoft, he became a motivational speaker and authored two books.

Biography

Early life
Brodie was born in Newton, Massachusetts, the elder son of Mary Ann Brodie and Richard Brodie, a child psychologist. He graduated from Newton South High School and entered Harvard College in the fall of 1977, concentrating in applied mathematics with an emphasis on computer science. He left Harvard after his sophomore year and moved to Palo Alto, CA to work for Xerox Corporation's Advanced Systems Division (ASD), where he met Charles Simonyi and helped develop the Bravo X word processor for the Alto computer. Simonyi became a mentor to Brodie at Xerox and took him along when he moved to Microsoft in 1981.

Microsoft
Simonyi hired Brodie in 1981 as Microsoft's 77th employee and a founding member of the Microsoft Application Division.

Brodie distinguished himself at Microsoft by creating the first version of Microsoft Word in less than seven months. In addition to primary authorship of Microsoft Word, he wrote Microsoft's first C compiler, the original version of Notepad, and Word for the IBM PC Jr.

Brodie's success as a programmer brought him to the attention of Bill Gates, who made Brodie his technical assistant in 1983. Brodie's primary accomplishment as Gates's assistant was the management of the Cashmere project, which was released as Word for Windows.
During the Cashmere design, Brodie came up with the idea of the Combo box (a combination text box and drop-down menu widely used today), the Ribbon (a strip of buttons at the top of the screen used to display and change formatting), and the squiggly red underline that checks and flags spelling errors automatically.

Brodie left Microsoft after the company went public in 1986, but returned in 1991 as Chief Software Designer and Lead Developer of the Omega project, which was released as Microsoft Access in 1992. He left Microsoft again in 1994.

After leaving Microsoft
Between his stints at Microsoft, Brodie embarked on a self-improvement quest, taking numerous courses and participating in retreats, seeking an answer to "why money and success didn't make me happy." He wrote about his experience in his first book, Getting Past OK: The Self-Help Book for People Who Don't Need Help, first published in 1993. It became a regional bestseller and was republished by Warner Books. He followed it with Virus of the Mind (1995), which explored the new field of memetics from a practical point of view. Hay House bought the rights to both books and currently publishes them in many languages worldwide.

Brodie spoke about his books on The Oprah Winfrey Show and Phil Donahue.

Poker player
Apart from his careers as a programmer and author, Brodie has found creative ways to integrate his love of sports and games into his professional life. In 2003 he joined the professional poker circuit. He has finished in the money in five World Series of Poker events and six World Poker Tours. Until Black Friday, he played as a Full Tilt Poker pro under the screen name Quiet Lion. He appeared on NBC's game show Identity and played himself in the movie The Grand.

Brodie currently resides in Kirkland, Washington.

Writings
 Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme, Hay House, 2004.
 Getting Past OK: The Self-Help Book for People Who Don't Need Help, Hay House, 2009.

References

External links
 Meme Central Richard Brodie's website
 Lion Tales - Richard Brodie's blog
 Richard Brodie's poker biography

American bloggers
American computer programmers
American motivational speakers
American motivational writers
American poker players
Microsoft employees
Living people
Writers from Kirkland, Washington
1959 births
21st-century American non-fiction writers
People from Newton, Massachusetts
Harvard College alumni
Newton South High School alumni

Richard Brodie (programmer)


Paula Gosling, gebürtig Paula Osius, (* 12. Oktober 1939 in Detroit, Michigan) ist eine amerikanisch-britische Kriminalschriftstellerin, die seit 1964 in England lebt. Vereinzelt schreibt sie unter den Pseudonymen Ainslie Skinner und Holly Baxter.

Leben
Als Tochter eines Erfinders aus Detroit erstaunte Paula Osius bereits ihre Lehrer an der staatlichen Wayne State University in  Detroit über ihre Fähigkeiten in der Dichtkunst. Nach ihrem Universitätsabschluss war sie als Texterin in einer ortsansässigen Werbeagentur tätig. Unzufrieden mit der dortigen Arbeit und auf der Suche nach Abenteuer und Romantik siedelte sie 25-jährig gemeinsam mit einer Freundin nach England über. In einer Londoner Werbeagentur lernte sie ihren späteren Ehemann Christopher Gosling kennen, den sie 1968 heiratete. Aus der Ehe gingen zwei Töchter hervor, Abigail und Emelie. Diese Zeitspanne bestimmte die Grundlage ihrer Schriftstellerei: Während ihr Mann arbeitete, fühlte sich Gosling nicht ausgelastet und begann selbst zu schreiben. Gleich der erste Roman A Running Duck (dt. Töten ist ein einsames Geschäft) wurde zum Erfolg und sicherte ihr 1978 die Auszeichnung für den besten Erstlingsroman der britischen Crime Writers' Association (CWA).

Die Ehe mit Christopher Gosling wurde 1977 geschieden. 1981 heiratet Paula Gosling den Geschäftsmann John Hare, nutzte jedoch den Nachnamen Gosling weiterhin für ihre nachfolgenden Veröffentlichungen. Gosling lebt in Bath im Westen Englands.

Paula Gosling ist Mitglied der britischen Autorenvereinigung Crime Writers' Association (CWA), war dort Vorstandsmitglied von 1984 bis 1990 und 1988/1989 Vorsitzende des CWA-Komitees. Viele ihrer Romane liegen in deutscher Übersetzung vor.

Auszeichnungen/ Ehrungen
 1978 John Creasey Memorial Dagger (Bester Erstlingsroman) der britischen Crime Writers' Association (CWA) für A Running Duck (dt. Töten ist ein einsames Geschäft)
 1985 Gold Dagger der britischen Crime Writers' Association (CWA) für Monkey Puzzle (dt. Tod auf dem Campus)

Nominierung 1988 für den Edgar Allan Poe Award – Kategorie Beste Kurzgeschichte der Mystery Writers of America (MWA) für Mr. Felix.

In der CWA-Liste der 100 besten Kriminalromane aller Zeiten findet sich A Running Duck auf Platz 63. Auch Jo Ann Vicarel ehrt den Roman für das Jahr 1978 in A Reader's Guide to the Police Procedural.

Ebenso findet sich The Zero Trap für das Jahr 1979 in der Liste der 100 besten Kriminalromane des 20. Jahrhunderts der Independent Mystery Booksellers Association (IMBA).

William F. Deeck's My One Hundred Best Mystery Books verzeichnet Hoodwink als besten Kriminalroman für das Jahr 1988.

Werke

Jack Stryker-Serie
 1985 Monkey Puzzle (dt. Tod auf dem Campus. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1988, ISBN 3-499-42858-X)
 1989 Backlash (dt. Der Polizistenkiller. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1990, ISBN 3-499-42971-3)
 2002 Ricochet

Luke Abbott-Serie
 1986 The Wychford Murders (dt. Blut auf den Steinen. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1988, ISBN 3-499-42826-1)
 1991 Death Penalties (dt. Alpträume. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1993, ISBN 3-499-43070-3)

Blackwater Bay-Serie
 1992 The Body in Blackwater Bay (dt. Leiche im Paradies. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1993, ISBN 3-499-43104-1)
 1993 A Few Dying Words (dt. Das Spiel wird Ernst. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1995, ISBN 3-499-43195-5)
 1995 The Dead of Winter (dt. Die Leiche unterm Eis. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1997, ISBN 3-499-43254-4)
 1998 Death and Shadows (dt. Im Schatten der Toten. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1999, ISBN 3-499-43340-0)
 2000 Underneath Every Stone

Einzelwerke (Kriminalromane)
 1978 A Running Duck (dt. Töten ist ein einsames Geschäft. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1980, ISBN 3-499-42533-5)
 1979 The Zero Trap (dt. Die Falle im Eis. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1981, ISBN 3-499-42572-6)
 1980 Loser's Blues (dt. Mord in concert. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1982, ISBN 3-499-42602-1)
 1983 The Woman in Red (dt. Die Dame in Rot. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1984, ISBN 3-499-42681-1)
 1988 Hoodwink (dt. Ein echtes Gaunerstück. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1989, ISBN 3-499-42939-X)
 2004 Tears of the Dragon

Sonstige
 1980 Mind's Eye (als Ainslie Skinner)

Kurzgeschichten  (Auswahl)
 1987 Mr. Felix. In: Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, Ausgabe Juli 1987
 1990 A Fête Worse Than Death. In: Tim Heald, CWA (Hrsg.): A Classic English Crime
 1991 The Perfect Alibi. In: H. R. F. Keating (Hrsg.): Crime Waves
 1997 Killer. In: Philip Gardner, Neil Fuller (Hrsg.): Storyline: A Short Story Anthology

Filme
 1986 Cobra (dt. Die City-Cobra) nach dem Roman Fair Game. Regie: George P. Cosmatos. Drehbuch: Paula Gosling, Sylvester Stallone. Hauptdarsteller: Sylvester Stallone, Brigitte Nielsen und Reni Santoni.
 1995 Fair Game (dt. Fair Game),  Zweitverfilmung nach dem gleichnamigen Roman. Regie: Andrew Sipes. Drehbuch: Paula Gosling, Charlie Fletcher. Hauptdarsteller: William Baldwin, Cindy Crawford und Steven Berkoff

Weblinks

 Paula Gosling auf krimi-couch.de
 Robert Temple in "People" über Paula Gosling, 30. Juni 1986 (englisch, abgerufen am 7. Februar 2012)

Anmerkungen/ Nachweise

Autor
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Englisch)
Roman, Epik
Kriminalliteratur
US-Amerikaner
Brite
Geboren 1939
Frau

Paula Gosling


FDM eller fdm har flere betydninger:
 Forenede Danske Motorejere - forening
 FDM Group - virksomhed
 Frekvens-division multipleksing

FDM (flertydig)


مجزرة باريس عام 1961. (ذكرى مظاهرات 17 أكتوبر 1961)، تشير إلى مذبحة في باريس يوم 17 تشرين الأول / أكتوبر 1961، وخلال حرب الجزائر (1954- 1962)، نفذت بأمر من رئيس شرطة باريس، ، فهاجمت قوات الشرطة مظاهرة سلمية مكونة من 65000 جزائري. وأقرت الحكومة الفرنسية 40 حالة وفاة في عام 1998، رغم أن هناك تقديرات تصل إلى 300. ولكن هذا الهجوم كان مقصوداً وكما برهن المؤرخ جان لوك أينودي، الذي فاز في محاكمة ضد موريس بابون في عام 1999 علماً بأن هذه الأخير قد أدين في عام 1998 بتهمة ارتكاب جرائم ضد الإنسانية بسبب دوره في إطار نظام فيشي المتعاون مع العدو المحتل خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. تشير الوثائق الرسمية وروايات شهود العيان في قسم شرطة باريس إلى أن مذبحة 1961 كانت موجهة من قبل بابون نفسه. تشير سجلات الشرطة إلى أن بابون دعا الضباط في إحدى المراكز إلى «التدمير» في قمع المظاهرات وأكد لهم ضمان الحماية من الملاحقة إذ هم شاركوا.

بعد مرور أربعين عامًا على المذبحة، قام برتراند ديلانوي، عمدة باريس الاشتراكي، في 17 أكتوبر 2001، بوضع لوحة لإحياء ذكرى المذبحة في  . عدد المتظاهرين الذين قتلوا لا يزال غير واضح. في ظل عدم وجود تقديرات رسمية، ذكرت اللافتة التي تحيي ذكرى المذبحة: «في ذكرى الكثير من الجزائريين الذين قتلوا خلال القمع الدموي للمظاهرة السلمية التي وقعت في 17 أكتوبر 1961». في 18 فبراير 2007 (اليوم الذي تلا وفاة بابون)، تم إجراء مكالمات من أجل محطة مترو باريس تحت الإنشاء في جينيفيلي ليتم تسميتها «17 أكتوبر 1961» في ذكرى المذبحة.

تم توثيق الأحداث من خلال عدد من الصور الفوتوغرافية والعديد منها رسومات.

إحصائيات
 60000 ألف متظاهر
 40–200 قتيل
 اختفاء 800 شخص ألقي بهم في قنوات المياه القذرة وفي نهر السين
 7000 جريح
 34614 موقوف أرسال 21619 منهم نحو الجزائر زج بهم في المعتقلات والسجون·

معلومات اساسية
وقعت المجزرة في سياق ثورة التحرير الجزائرية (1954-62)، والتي أصبحت أكثر عنفاً على مر السنين بعد تولى ديغول السلطة خلال أزمة مايو 1958، والتغيير المفاجئ في السياسة العامة بشأن استقلال الجزائر واستخدام منظمة الجيش السري كل الوسائل الممكنة لمجابهة جبهة التحرير الوطني، التي نقلت الحرب إلى العاصمة عن طريق مساعدة بعض الناشطين مثل شبكة جينزون. ولكن القمع الذي مارسته السلطات الفرنسية، سواء في الجزائر أو في فرنسا متروبوليتان، كان قاسيا للغاية.

الشرطة الوطنية الفرنسية

وفقًا للمؤرخ جان لوك إينودي، المتخصص في المجزرة، يمكن فهم بعض أسباب هذا القمع العنيف لمظاهرة 17 أكتوبر 1961 إلى تكوين قوة الشرطة الفرنسية نفسها، والتي لا تزال تضم العديد من الأعضاء السابقين للقوة المتبقية من نظام فيشي للحرب العالمية الثانية والتي تعاونت مع الجستابو لاعتقال اليهود، كما هو الحال على سبيل المثال في في 16-17 يوليو 1942.

تم إعادة دمج الغالبية العظمى من ضباط الشرطة الذين تم تعليقهم بعد تحرير باريس في عام 1944 بسبب الأشكال المتطرفة من التعاون (بما في ذلك مساعدة  ومجموعات مماثلة) في قوات الشرطة فيما بعد. على النقيض من ذلك، فإن بعض رجال الشرطة الذين كانوا جزءًا من حركة المقاومة قد عُرقل تقدمهم الوظيفي بسبب معاداة الشيوعية في الحرب الباردة، لأن المقاومة كانت جزئيًا شيوعية وطُرد وزراء شيوعيون من الحكومة في مايو 1947. علاوة على ذلك، ربما كان ضباط الشرطة الذين كانوا أعضاء في المقاومة قد شاركوا في الغارات المختلفة ضد اليهود وغيرهم من الجماعات المضطهدة خلال نظام فيشي، وإلا لكانوا قد طُردوا، وفقًا لإينودي  .

تشير مهنة موريس بابون كرئيس شرطة باريس في الستينيات ووزير المالية برئاسة فاليري جيسكار ديستان في السبعينيات إلى وجود عنصرية مؤسساتية في الشرطة الفرنسية حتى الستينيات على الأقل. في الواقع، لم يتم توجيه الاتهام إلى بابون وإدانته حتى عام 1997 - 1998 بسبب جرائمه التي ارتكبها في الحرب العالمية الثانية ضد الإنسانية، حيث كان مسؤولاً عن ترحيل 1,560 يهوديًا، بمن فيهم الأطفال والمسنين، بين عامي 1942 و 1944.

الأحداث
يوم 5 أكتوبر 1961 أعلنت المقاطعة الذي كان قائدها  في بيان صحفي إدخال نظام حظر التجول من الساعة 8.30 إلى الساعة 5.30 صباحا في باريس وضواحيها «للعمال الجزائريين المسلمين»، و«لمسلمي فرنسا» و«لمسلمي فرنسا من الجزائر» (كل المصطلحات الثلاثة المستخدمة من قبل بابون، على الرغم من وجود ما يقرب من 150000 من الجزائريين الذين يعيشون في ذلك الوقت في باريس الذين يعتبرون رسميا فرنسيين ويملكون بطاقة الهوية الفرنسية).
ثم دعا الاتحاد الفرنسي لجبهة التحرير الوطني كل من السكان الجزائريين في باريس، والرجال والنساء والأطفال التظاهر السلمي ضد حظر التجول الذين اعتبره عنصرية التدبير الإداري.
17 تشرين الأول/ أكتوبر 1961 ووفقا للمؤرخ جان لوك أينودي فان رئيس الشرطة موريس بابون و 7000 من رجال الشرطة و 1400 من شرطة مكافحة الشغب تتدخلوا لمنع هذه التظاهرة بحجة ان المظاهرة لم تأخذ الموافقة القانونية وبذلك سدت جميع سبل الوصول إلى باريس ومحطات المترو ومحطات القطارات.
وكان يعيش في باريس حوالي 150000 من الجزائريين منهم 30000-40000 تمكنوا من الانضمام إلى التظاهرة. تم القبض على 11000 شخصا وهؤلاء المحتجزين ليسوا الجزائريين فحسب، وإنما أيضا مغاربة وتونسيين والإسبانية والإيطالية والمهاجرين.
وعلى الرغم من هذه الغارات، تمكن 4000 إلى 5000 شخص ان يتظاهرون سلميا في الشوارع الكبرى من République لOpéra، دون وقوع أي حادث، وفتحت الشرطة النار على الحشد ووجهت إليه تهمة، مما أدى إلى عدة وفيات.

خلال الليل، وقعت المجزرة في باحة المقر العام للشرطة، مما أسفر عن مصرع عشرات الضحايا في قصر الرياضة، ثم في" قصر المعارض من بورت دو فرساي "، واعتقلت الشرطة الجزائريين، وكثير من المصابين وقعت أعمال عنف وتعذيب السجناء. ونتيجة المذبحة يمكن تقدير إلى ما لا يقل عن 200 قتيلا ".
واعترفت الدولة في عام 1998 والمذبحة التي تحدثت عن 40 قتيلا.

الموقف الفرنسي الرسمي
بقي الحديث عن هذه قمع المظاهرة يخضع للتعتيم في فرنسا طوال العقود التالية للحدث، إذ منعت الحكومة نشر كتاب يبحث في أحداث المجزرة وكذلك الصور الفوتوغرافية القليلة للأحداث. كما بقيت سجلات الشرطة سرية مما منع إجراء بحوث تاريخية موثقة حولها، ولا يزال عدد الضحايا موضع جدل.

وقد عبّر فرانسوا أولاند في الذكرى الخمسين للمجزرة في سنة 2011 قبل أن يصير رئيساً لفرنسا عبّر عن تضامنه مع أسر الضحايا وقال: «هذا الحدث حجب مطولاً من رواياتنا التاريخية»، وأنه «من المهم التذكير بالوقائع».

وفي الذكرى الحادية والخمسين في سنة 2012 أقر فرانسوا أولاند رسمياً بما سماه «القمع الدموي» للمظاهرة، مما عرضه للنقد من زعيم كتلة الاتحاد من أجل حركة شعبية في البرلمان الذي قال أن إلقاء اللوم على الشرطة، ومن خلالها على الحكومة كلها، غير مقبول. وفي الذكرى الستين للمجزرة في أول اعترف فرنسي رسمي بالمسؤولية عن المذبحة، ندد الرئيس الفرنسي إيمانويل ماكرون بالحملة الدموية التي شنتها الشرطة على المتظاهرين الجزائريين في باريس قبل 60 عاماً، ووصفها بأنها «جريمة لا تُغتفر بالنسبة للجمهورية».

انظر أيضًا
 التعذيب خلال حرب استقلال الجزائر

المراجع

المصادر

باللغة الإنجليزية

 Martin S. Alexander / J. F. V. Keiger: France and the Algerian War, 1954–62: Strategy, Operations and Diplomacy. S. 24, 2002,
 Jean-Paul Brunet, « Police Violence in Paris, October 1961 : Historical Sources, Methods and Conclusions ", The Historical Journal, 51, 1 (2008), p. 195–204.
 Patrice J Proulx / Susan Ireland (Hrsg.): Immigrant Narratives in Contemporary France. S. 47–55, 2001,
 Jim House, Neil MacMaster (2006). Paris 1961: Algerians, State Terror, and Memory, Oxford: O. University Press, 2006
 Jim House, Neil MacMaster, « Time to move on : a reply to Jean-Paul Brunet ", The Historical Journal, 51, 1 (2008), p. 205–214.

اللغة الفرنسية
 Jean-Paul Brunet, Police Contre FLN: Le drame d'octobre 1961, Paris: Flammarion, 1999, 354 p.
 Jean-Paul Brunet, Charonne. Lumières sur une tragédie, Paris: Flammarion, 2003, 336 p.
 Didier Daeninckx: Meurtres pour mémoire, 1984,  (novel)
 Alain Dewerpe, Charonne, 8 février 1962. Anthropologie historique d'un massacre d'Etat, Gallimard, 2006, 870p.
 Jean-Luc Einaudi: La bataille de Paris: 17 octobre 1961, 1991,
 Jean-Luc Einaudi and Maurice Rajsfus, Les silences de la police – 16 juillet 1942, 17 octobre 1961, 2001, L'Esprit frappeur,  (the first date refers to 16 July 1942 Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv)
 Olivier LeCour Grandmaison, Le 17 octobre 1961 – Un crime d'État à Paris, collectif, Éditions La Dispute, 2001.
 Sylvie Thénault, " Le fantasme du secret d'État autour du 17 octobre 1961 ", Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps, n°58, April–June 2000, p. 70–76.
 Paul Thibaud, "17 Octobre 1961: un moment de notre histoire," in Esprit, November 2001 (concerning the debate between Einaudi and Brunet)

باريس في 1961
الجمهورية الفرنسية الخامسة
العنف ضد المسلمين في أوروبا
أحداث أكتوبر 1961
أحداث أكتوبر 1961 في أوروبا
أشخاص قتلوا بإطلاق النار في فرنسا
أشخاص قتلوا برصاص ضباط إنفاذ القانون في فرنسا
جرائم 1961 في فرنسا
جرائم ارتكبها ضباط إنفاذ القانون
جرائم ضد الإنسانية
جرائم قتل في أوروبا 1961
جرائم قتل في باريس عقد 1960
جرائم قتل في فرنسا 1961
جرائم قتل في فرنسا عقد 1960
حرب الجزائر
رهاب الإسلام في أوروبا
سوء سلوك الشرطة في فرنسا
عنصرية في فرنسا
قتل جماعي في 1961
قمع سياسي في فرنسا
مجازر ضد المسلمين
مذابح في 1961
مذابح في عقد 1960
مذابح في فرنسا
نزاعات في 1961
وفيات متعلقة باحتجاجات

مجزرة باريس عام 1961


Tariq Ramadan (, ; born 26 August 1962) is a Swiss Muslim academic, philosopher, and writer. He was a professor of contemporary Islamic studies at St Antony's College, Oxford and the Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford, but since 2018 has been taking an agreed leave of absence due to being held in prison following two rape allegations. He is a visiting professor at the Université Mundiapolis in Morocco. He is also a senior research fellow at Doshisha University in Japan. He was a visiting professor at the Faculty of Islamic Studies at Hamad Bin Khalifa University in Qatar, and used to be the director of the Research Centre of Islamic Legislation and Ethics (CILE), based in Doha. He is a member of the UK Foreign Office Advisory Group on Freedom of Religion or Belief. He was listed by Time magazine in 2000 as one of the seven religious innovators of the 21st century and in 2004 as one of the 100 most influential people in the world and was voted by Foreign Policy readers (2005, 2006, 2008–2010, 2012–2015) as one of the top 100 most influential thinkers in the world and Global Thinkers. Ramadan describes himself as a "Salafi reformist".

In November 2017, Tariq Ramadan took leave of absence from Oxford to contest allegations of rape and sexual misconduct. The university's statement noted that an "agreed leave of absence implies no acceptance or presumption of guilt". In February 2018, he was formally charged with raping two women: a disabled woman in 2009 and a feminist activist in 2012. In September 2019, the French authorities expanded the investigation against Ramadan, already charged with raping two women, to include evidence from two more alleged victims. On 5 December 2019, a Swiss woman who had accused him of rape in 2018, launched a new case against him for slander. The charges have not come to a full conclusion yet, but he was acquitted of one charge in May 2023. In February 2020, Ramadan was formally charged with raping two more women and in October 2020, Ramadan was formally charged with raping a fifth woman.

Life and career

Tariq Ramadan was born in Geneva, Switzerland on 26 August 1962 to an Egyptian Muslim family. He is the son of Said Ramadan and Wafa al-Banna, who was the eldest daughter of Hassan al Banna, who in 1928 founded the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Gamal al-Banna, the liberal Muslim reformer, was his great-uncle. His father was a prominent figure in the Muslim Brotherhood and was exiled by Gamal Abdel Nasser from Egypt to Switzerland, where Ramadan was born.

Tariq Ramadan holds an M.A. in French literature and a Ph.D. in Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Geneva. He also wrote a Ph.D. dissertation on Friedrich Nietzsche, titled Nietzsche as a Historian of Philosophy.

In 1994, he addressed a French-speaking public audience, in Switzerland, with the help of Hassan Iquioussen and Malika Dif.

He taught at the Collège de Saussure, a high school in Lancy, Switzerland, and claims to have held a lectureship in Religion and Philosophy at the University of Fribourg from 1996 to 2003, something the University publicly denied in 2018. He was appointed a professor at the University of Notre Dame in the United States in 2004 before his visa had been revoked by the Bush administration because of the Patriot Act. In October 2005 he began teaching at St Antony's College, Oxford, on a visiting fellowship. In 2005 he was a senior research fellow at the Lokahi Foundation.

In 2007 he successfully applied for the professorship in Islamic studies at the University of Leiden. This led to severe criticism from both academics as well as politicians who deemed Ramadan a 'radical Islamist' and a 'wolf in sheep's clothing'. Ramadan later turned down the appointment, stating that the criticism on his appointment played no role in this decision. He was also a guest professor of Identity and Citizenship at Erasmus University Rotterdam,
until August 2009 when both the City of Rotterdam and Erasmus University dismissed him from his positions as "integration adviser" and professor, stating that the program he hosted on Iran's Press TV, Islam & Life, was "irreconcilable" with his duties in Rotterdam. Ramadan described this move as 'Islamophobic' and 'politically charged'. In 2012 the Court of Rotterdam District ruled in a civil law case that the Erasmus University acted "carelessly" by dismissing Ramadan at short notice. The dismissal by the municipality of Rotterdam, however, was not careless according to the Court.

Beginning September 2009, Ramadan was appointed to the chair in Contemporary Islamic Studies at Oxford University.

Ramadan established the Mouvement des Musulmans Suisses (Movement of Swiss Muslims), which engages in various interfaith seminars. He is an advisor to the EU on religious issues and was sought for advice by the EU on a commission on "Islam and Secularism". In September 2005 he was invited to join a task force by the government of the United Kingdom. He is also the founder and President of the European Muslim Network, a Brussels-based think-tank that gathers European Muslim intellectuals and activists.

As of 2009, Tariq Ramadan was persona non grata in Tunisia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Libya, and Syria, which he has said is because of his criticism of their "undemocratic regimes". He is also considered persona non grata in Israel.

Family life
Tariq Ramadan married in 1986 and is the father of four children. His wife was born in Bretagne, France. She converted from Catholicism to Islam and adopted the name Iman. The couple live separately.

U.S. visa revocation and subsequent lifting
In February 2004, Tariq Ramadan accepted the tenured position of Henry R. Luce Professor of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, at the University of Notre Dame. He was granted a nonimmigrant visa on 5 May; however, on 28 July, his H-1B visa was revoked by the State Department. In August 2004, spokesman for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement cited the "ideological exclusion provision" of the U.S. Patriot Act as the grounds for Ramadan's visa revocation. In October, the University of Notre Dame filed an H-1B petition on Ramadan's behalf. After hearing no response from the government by December, Ramadan resigned his position from the university.

In September 2005, Ramadan filed an application for a B Visa to allow him to participate at speaking arrangements with various organizations and universities. The government did not issue a decision on Ramadan's visa application, so the American Civil Liberties Union and the New York Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit on 25 January 2006 against the United States government on behalf of the American Academy of Religion, the American Association of University Professors and the PEN American Center – three groups who had planned on meeting with Ramadan in the US – for revoking Ramadan's visa under the "ideological exclusion provision". The ACLU and NYCLU argued that the ideological exclusion provision was in violation of the First Amendment and Fifth Amendment rights of those three groups and that the government's actions violated the Administrative Procedures Act. After two months had passed without a decision being made, the plaintiffs filed a motion for a preliminary injunction. Pursuant to the injunction, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ordered the government on 23 June 2006 to issue its decision on Ramadan's pending B Visa application within 90 days.

On 19 September 2006, the government formally denied Ramadan's visa application. A State Department statement said: "A U.S. consular officer has denied Dr. Tariq Ramadan's visa application. The consular officer concluded that Dr. Ramadan was inadmissible based solely on his actions, which constituted providing material support to a terrorist organization." Between December 1998 and July 2002, Ramadan had given donations totalling $940 to two charity organizations, the Committee for Charity and Support for the Palestinians (CBSP) or Comité de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens and the Association de Secours Palestinien. The United States Treasury designated both the CBSP and ASP terrorist fundraising organizations for their alleged links to Hamas on 22 August 2003. The U.S. Embassy told Ramadan that he "reasonably should have known" that the charities provided money to Hamas. In an article in The Washington Post, Ramadan asked: "How should I reasonably have known of their activities before the U.S. government itself knew?"

On 2 February 2007, the ACLU and NYCLU amended their complaint, arguing that the government's explanation for denying Ramadan's visa application was not "facially legitimate and bona fide" and that the ideological exclusion provision of the PATRIOT Act was in violation of the First and Fifth Amendments. They also argued that Ramadan's denial violated the First Amendment rights of those who wanted to hear him speak. In his decision on 20 December 2007, District Judge Paul A. Crotty ruled that the government's justification for denying Ramadan's visa was "facially legitimate and bona fide" and noted that the Court "has no authority to override the Government's consular decision".

In January 2008, the ACLU appealed Crotty's ruling. Jameel Jaffer, Director of the ACLU National Security Project and lead attorney in the case, stated:
"The government's shifting positions only underscore why meaningful judicial review – the kind of oversight that the district court failed to provide – is so important. In Professor Ramadan's case and many others, the government is using immigration laws to stigmatize and exclude its critics and to censor and control the ideas that Americans can hear. Censorship of this kind is completely inconsistent with the most basic principles of an open society."
Ramadan himself remarked:
"The U.S. government's actions in my case seem, at least to me, to have been arbitrary and myopic. But I am encouraged by the unwavering support I have received from ordinary Americans, civic groups and particularly from scholars, academic organizations, and the ACLU. I am heartened by the emerging debate in the U.S. about what has been happening to our countries and ideals in the past six years. And I am hopeful that eventually I will be allowed to enter the country so that I may contribute to the debate and be enriched by dialogue."

On 17 July 2009, the US federal appeals court reversed the ruling of the lower district court. The three-judge panel on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit – composed of Judges Jon O. Newman, Wilfred Feinberg and Reena Raggi – ruled that the Court had "jurisdiction to consider the claim, despite the doctrine of consular nonreviewability". They stated that government was required by law to "confront Ramadan with the allegation against him and afford him the subsequent opportunity to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that he did not know, and reasonably should not have known, that the recipient of his contributions was a terrorist organization." Under the limited review permitted by the 1972 Supreme Court ruling in Kleindienst v. Mandel, the panel concluded that the "record does not establish that the consular officer who denied the visa confronted Ramadan with the allegation that he had knowingly rendered material support to a terrorist organization, thereby precluding an adequate opportunity for Ramadan to attempt to satisfy the provision that exempts a visa applicant from exclusion under the 'material support' subsection if he 'can demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that [he] did not know, and should not reasonably have known, that the organization was a terrorist organization.'" Additionally, the panel agreed with the plaintiffs' contention that their First Amendment rights had been violated. The panel remanded the case to a lower court to determine if the consular officer had confronted Ramadan with the "allegation that he knew that ASP provided funds to Hamas and then providing him with a reasonable opportunity to demonstrate, by clear and convincing evidence, that he did not know, and should not have reasonably known, of that fact."

Following the ruling, Ramadan stated, "I am very gratified with the court's decision. I am eager to engage once again with Americans in the kinds of face-to-face discussions that are central to academic exchange and crucial to bridging cultural divides." Melissa Goodman, staff attorney with the ACLU National Security Project, issued a statement saying, "Given today's decision, we hope that the Obama administration will immediately end Professor Ramadan's exclusion. We also encourage the new administration to reconsider the exclusion of other foreign scholars, writers and artists who were barred from the country by the Bush administration on ideological grounds."

On 8 April 2010, Ramadan spoke as part of a panel discussion at the Great Hall of Cooper Union in New York City, his first public appearance since the State Department lifted the ban. The group debated the lengths to which Western nations should go to accommodate their Muslim populations.

Views

Ramadan works primarily on Islamic theology and the position of Muslims in the West and within Muslim majority countries. Generally speaking, he prioritizes Qur'anic interpretation over simply reading the text, in order to understand its meaning and to practice the tenets of Islamic philosophy. Referring to himself, Ramadan has at times used the construction "Salafi Reformist" to illustrate his stance.

He rejects a binary division of the world into dar al-Islam (the abode of Islam) and dar al-harb (the abode of war), on the grounds that such a division is not mentioned in the Qur'an. He has been also known to cite favourably the dar al-da'wah (abode of preaching).

For him the "Islamic message" to which Muslims are expected to bear witness is not primarily the particularist, socially conservative code of traditionalist jurists, but a commitment to universalism and the welfare of non-Muslims; it is also an injunction not merely to make demands on un-Islamic societies but to express solidarity with them.

Ramadan has voiced his opposition to all forms of capital punishment but believes the Muslim world should remove such laws from within, without any Western pressure, as such would only further alienate Muslims, and instead bolster the position of those who support hudud punishments: "Muslim populations are convincing themselves of the Islamic character of these practices through a rejection of the west, on the basis of a simplistic reasoning that stipulates that 'the less western, the more Islamic'".

He has condemned suicide bombing and violence as a tactic. Additionally, he contends that terrorism is never justifiable, even though it can be understandable (in the sense of having a legitimate cause of resistance behind it).

Ramadan wrote that the Muslim response to Pope Benedict XVI's speech on Islam was disproportionate, and was encouraged by reactionary Islamic regimes in order to distract their populations, and that it did not improve the position of Islam in the world.

Ramadan wrote an article, "Critique des (nouveaux) intellectuels communautaires", which French newspapers Le Monde and Le Figaro refused to publish. Oumma.com did eventually publish it. In the article he criticizes a number of French intellectuals and figures such as Alexandre Adler, Alain Finkielkraut, Bernard-Henri Lévy, André Glucksmann and Bernard Kouchner, for allegedly abandoning universal human rights, and giving special status to the defence of Israel. Ramadan was accused, in return, of having used inflammatory language. The underlying content of the essay was sharply criticized as well.

Debate
In a French television debate in 2003 with Nicolas Sarkozy, Sarkozy accused Ramadan of defending the stoning of adulterers, a punishment supposedly warranted by a section of the Islamic penal code known as hudud. Ramadan replied that Sarkozy was wrong. He said that he opposed corporal punishments, stoning and the death penalty and that he is in favor of a moratorium on these practices to open the debate among Islamic scholars in Muslim-majority countries that enforce them. Many people, including Sarkozy, were outraged. Ramadan later defended his position arguing that, because it involved religious texts that Muslims take seriously, the law would have to be properly understood and contextualized. Ramadan argued that in Muslim countries, the simple act to "condemn" won't change anything, but with a moratorium, it could open the way for further debate. He thinks that such a debate can only lead to an abolition of these rules.

In October 2007, Warraq participated in an Intelligence Squared debate "We Should Not Be Reluctant to Assert the Superiority of Western Values," where he argued for the opposition viewpoint, together with William Dalrymple, and Charles Glass.

In October 2010, he debated with Christopher Hitchens, at 92 NY, as to whether Islam was a religion of peace.

Mauritania ban
On 16 July 2016, Ramadan was denied entry to Mauritania at Nouakchott International Airport. He had been invited to give lectures in the country. He claimed the decision "came directly from the presidency". Local police confirmed he "was expelled". This is the eighth time a Muslim country has denied him entry.

Critical reception
Some academics have detected liberalising and rationalising tendencies.

Praise
Paul Donnelly in 2001 asked rhetorically: "Tariq Ramadan: The Muslim Martin Luther?" Similarly, an article at the self-described liberal The American Prospect praised Ramadan and his work in particular as an "entire corpus consists of a steady and unyielding assault on Muslim insularity, self-righteousness, and self-pity."

Criticism
In her book, Frère Tariq, (Encounter Books), Caroline Fourest claimed to have analysed Tariq Ramadan's 15 books, 1,500 pages of interviews, and approximately 100 recordings, and concludes "Ramadan is a war leader", an "Islamist" and the "political heir of his grandfather", Hassan al-Banna, stating that his discourse is "often just a repetition of the discourse that Banna had at the beginning of the 20th century in Egypt", and that he "presents [al-Banna] as a model to be followed." She argues that "Tariq Ramadan is slippery. He says one thing to his faithful Muslim followers and something else entirely to his Western audience. His choice of words, the formulations he uses – even his tone of voice – vary, chameleon-like, according to his audience."

The former head of the French antiracism organization SOS Racisme, Malek Boutih, has been quoted as saying to Ramadan, after talking with him at length: "Mr. Ramadan, you are a fascist". In an interview with Europe 1, Malek Boutih also likened Ramadan to "a small Le Pen"; in another interview he accused him of having crossed the line of racism and antisemitism, thus not genuinely belonging to the alter-globalization movement. Bertrand Delanoë, mayor of Paris, declared Ramadan unfit to participate at the European Social Forum, as not even "a slight suspicion of anti-Semitism" would be tolerable. Talking to the Paris weekly Marianne, Fadela Amara, president of Ni Putes Ni Soumises (Neither Whores Nor Submissive, a French feminist movement), Aurélie Filippetti, municipal counsellor for The Greens in Paris, Patrick Klugman, leading member of the Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France, and Dominique Sopo, head of SOS Racisme, accuse Ramadan of having misused the alter-globalization movement's ingenuousness to advance his "radicalism and anti-Semitism." Other criticisms have included allegations that an essay attacking French intellectuals was antisemitic and that Ramadan has shown excessive generosity in his rationalization of the motives behind acts of terrorism, such as in the case of Mohammed Merah.

Olivier Guitta, writing in The Weekly Standard, welcomed the U.S. decision to refuse Ramadan a visa, based on Ramadan's supposed links to terrorist organizations, and claiming that his father was the likely author of "'The Project'... a roadmap for installing Islamic regimes in the West by propaganda, preaching, and if necessary war." Guitta also criticized Ramadan for his campaign against the performance of Voltaire's play Mahomet in Geneva. After the lifting of the visa revocation, an article in the National Review criticized the double standard of lifting the visa restriction on Ramadan, but not for Issam Abu Issa who was banned by the Bush Administration for being a whistleblower against the Palestinian Authority's corruption.

Response to some of the criticism

Ramadan denies contacts with terrorists or other Islamic fundamentalists and the charges of antisemitism and double talk, attributing the charges to misinterpretation and an unfamiliarity with his writings. He stated: "I have often been accused of this 'double discourse', and to those who say it, I say – bring the evidence. I am quite clear in what I say. The problem is that many people don't want to hear it, particularly in the media. Most of the stories about me are completely untrue: journalists simply repeat black propaganda from the internet without any corroboration, and it just confirms what they want to believe. Words are used out of context. There is double-talk, yes, but there is also double-hearing. That is what I want to challenge." In answer to criticism of his response to 11 September, Ramadan replied that two days after the attacks he had published an open letter, exhorting Muslims to condemn the attacks and the attackers, and not to "hide behind conspiracy theories." and that less than two weeks after the attacks he had stated that "The probability [of bin Laden's guilt] is large, but some questions remain unanswered. ... But whoever they are, Bin Laden or others, it is necessary to find them and that they be judged", and that the interview had been conducted before any evidence was publicly available.

Public reception
In a free internet poll by Foreign Policy magazine, Ramadan was listed as one of the 100 top global thinkers in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2012.

Allegations of rape and sexual violation
In October 2017, secular activist Henda Ayari filed a complaint with the prosecutor's office of Rouen, stating that Ramadan had sexually assaulted her in a Paris hotel. Ayari had previously described the alleged incident in her 2016 book J'ai choisi d'être libre (in English I Chose to be Free), but had not revealed the real name of her attacker.

Ramadan's lawyer, Yassine Bouzrou, has said he would file a counter-suit for defamation. Bouzrou told the French paper Le Parisien that he denied the allegations and would file a complaint for defamation to Rouen prosecutors.

A few days after Ayari, a second woman filed a complaint stating that Ramadan raped her. The disabled 45-year-old French convert to Islam, known in media reports as Christelle, says Ramadan in 2009 lured her into his hotel room where he assaulted and raped her. A third woman claimed Ramadan had sent her "pornographic" messages and later tried to blackmail and manipulate her.

Four other Swiss women subsequently came forth in early November 2017 with allegations that Ramadan molested them when they were teenagers. The claimants include one woman who says that Ramadan made advances when she was 14 years old, and another who claims she had sexual relations with Ramadan when she was 15. Ramadan has denied the accusations.

On 4 November 2017, the satirical French newspaper Charlie Hebdo published a cover story on the Ramadan affair. On 7 November 2017, the University of Oxford announced that, "by mutual agreement, and with immediate effect" Ramadan "has taken a leave of absence". The statement noted that an "agreed leave of absence implies no acceptance or presumption of guilt". On 9 November 2017, the French weekly news magazine L'Obs published a cover story  covering the allegations. In January 2018, Ramadan was denied entry to Qatar as a consequence of the scandal.

On 31 January 2018, Ramadan was taken into custody by French police. After two days of questioning, he was formally charged with two counts of rape and ordered to remain in custody. He was held in the Fleury-Mérogis prison, Essonne.

In March 2018, a third woman came forward alleging that she was raped by Ramadan on multiple occasions in France, Brussels and London between 2013 and 2014. Shortly thereafter, a fourth woman filed a police complaint alleging she had been raped by Ramadan. An American now living in Kuwait, she alleged that Ramadan had assaulted her in Washington DC in August 2013. No charges emerged from this complaint.

In April 2018, the Belgian judiciary reported that Ramadan had paid €27,000 three years earlier to a Belgian-Moroccan woman in exchange for the deletion of online posts revealing their affair. In the posts, she had detailed Ramadan's alleged "psychological grip" on her.

On 13 April 2018, the Swiss newspaper La Tribune de Genève reported that a woman had come forward to the authorities in Geneva and accused Ramadan of a sexual assault involving aggravating cruelty in September 2008. The National reported that he allegedly "raped her and held her against her will for several hours in a Geneva hotel room".

Later in April 2018, Ramadan admitted that he had been in a sexual relationship with the third rape complainant, who had presented to investigators a dress reportedly stained with his semen, but he insisted that it was always consensual.

In May 2018, Ayari modified aspects of her account, according to her based on her diary records, saying that the encounter took place in March 2012 at the Crown Plaza hotel in Paris' Place de la Republique.

In a newspaper blog, British journalist Peter Oborne criticized what he saw as failings in the French justice system and hypocrisy of prominent French public figures such as Manuel Valls pointing out that others accused of rape in France "await their fate in freedom". Regarding such sympathy for Ramadan over his detention, Henda Ayari, the first of his accusers, said that he is undeserving of sympathy. "It is for the courts to decide," she said. "Eventually, if French justice says he is guilty, those people may regret their support."

In June, Ramadan admitted to having five extramarital affairs, saying that he sometimes acted in ways that were inconsistent with his principles. In that same month, the presiding judges also cleared him of the third accusation, because it had been a consensual extramarital affair, and he remains imprisoned for the first two.

In July, it was revealed that the first accuser, Henda Ayari, was at her younger brother's wedding on the date when she was allegedly raped.

In October, Ramadan admitted that he had consensual sex with Ayari and Christelle.

In August 2019, Ramadan faced a new accusation of raping a woman in May 2014 in Lyon, France.

In September 2019, Ramadan stated that the allegations from the women, the indictment for the rape, the jail custody, and the media coverage of the case against him were "state racism", and compared his own case with  Dreyfus affair. He stated: "Is there not a similarity between Dreyfus affair and Ramadan affair? Nobody can deny the anti-Muslim racism that has grown in this country [France] and which is sustained daily by the politicians and the journalists. Dreyfus who was Jew yesterday is Muslim today". This comparison caused indignation among both French and also Muslim communities. Among other the editor Laurent Joffrin, in his Libération, labelled Ramadan's comparison as "ridiculous" and pointed out: "Dreyfus was innocently convicted by false evidence and sent to the prison house. Ramadan is prosecuted but not convicted, and if he gets convicted, then it would be because of the evidence, not because of his religion".

In February 2020, Ramadan was formally charged with raping two more women.

In May 2023, Ramadan was acquitted by a Swiss court on all charges in relation to a singular allegation of rape and sexual coercion against a woman in a Geneva hotel room. French prosecutors are still mulling over whether to proceed with their case against Ramadan which involves four women who he allegedly raped in the country between 2009 and 2016.

Declining health

Since his initial detention, Ramadan has been hospitalized several times for reported multiple sclerosis. His attorney reported that several doctors have said his condition is "incompatible with detention"; however, the court insisted on maintaining his detention after multiple hospital exams and medical consultations indicated that his condition was compatible with detention.

Awards and nominations
In January 2014, Ramadan was nominated for the title of Religious Advocate of the Year at the British Muslim Awards.

Bibliography
Ramadan has authored around 30 books as well as "several hundred articles" in French and English, some of which have been translated into other languages.

Books published in French
 (1994, augmented in 1998) Les musulmans dans la laïcité: responsabilités et droits des musulmans dans les sociétés occidentales. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (1995) Islam, le face à face des civilisations: quel projet pour quelle modernité?. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (1998) Aux sources du renouveau musulmans: d'al-Afghānī à Ḥassan al-Bannā un siècle de réformisme islamique. Paris: Bayard Éditions/Centurion.
 (1999) Peut-on vivre avec l'islam (with Jacques Neirynck). Lausanne: Favre.
 (1999) Être musulman européen: étude des sources islamiques à la lumière du contexte européen (with Claude Dabbak). Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2000) L'islam et les musulmans, grandeur et décadence: dans le quotidien de nos vies. Beirut: Éditions Al-Bouraq.
 (2000) L'Islam en questions (with Alain Gresh). Paris: Sindbad: Actes Sud.
 (2001) Entre l'homme et son cœur. Lyon: Tawhid. 978-2-90-908767-2
 (2001) Le face à face des civilisations: quel projet pour quelle modernité. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2002) De l'islam. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2002) Jihād, violence, guerre et paix en islam. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2002) Dār ash-shahāda: l'Occident, espace du témoignage. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2002) Musulmans d'occident: construire et contribuer. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2002) La foi, la voie et la résistance. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2003) Le saint Coran, chapitre ʿAmma: avec la traduction en langue française du sens de ses versets. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2003) Arabes et musulmans face à la mondialisation: le défi du pluralisme. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2003) Les musulmans d'Occident et l'avenir de l'islam. Paris: Sindbad: Actes Sud.
 (2005) Faut-il faire taire Tariq Ramadan?: suivi d'un entretien avec Tariq Ramadan (with Aziz Zemouri). Paris: L'Archipel.
 (2006) Muhammad vie du prophète: les enseignements spirituels et contemporains. Paris: Presses du Châtelet.
 (2008) Un chemin, une vision: être les sujets de notre histoire. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2008) Face à nos peurs: le choix de la confiance. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2008) Quelques lettres du cœur. Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2008) Faut-il avoir peur des religions? (with Élie Barnavi and Jean-Michel Di Falco Léandri). Paris: Éditions Mordicus.
 (2008) Islam, la réforme radicale: éthique et libération. Paris: Presses du Châtelet.
 (2009) Mon intime conviction. Paris: Presses du Châtelet.
 (2009) L'autre en nous: pour une philosophie du pluralisme: essai. Paris: Presses du Châtelet.
 (2011) L'islam et le réveil arabe. Paris: Presses du Châtelet.
 (2014) Au péril des idées: les grandes questions de notre temps (with Edgar Morin). Paris: Presses du Châtelet.
 (2014) De l'Islam et des musulmans: réflexions sur l'Homme, la réforme, la guerre et l'Occident. Paris: Presses du Châtelet.
 (2015) Introduction à l'éthique islamique: les sources juridiques, philosophiques, mystiques et les questions contemporaines. Paris:Presses du Châtelet.
 (2016) Le génie de l'islam. Paris: Presses du Châtelet.

Books published in English
 (1999) To Be a European Muslim: a Study of Islamic Sources in the European Context. Leicester, UK: Islamic Foundation.
 (1999) Muslims in France: the way towards coexistence. Markfield, Leicester, UK: Islamic Foundation.
 (2001) Islam, the West and the Challenges of Modernity (with Saïd Amghar). Leicester, UK: Islamic Foundation.
 (2004) Globalisation: Muslim resistances (multilingual: EN, FR, DE, IT, SP). Lyon: Tawhid.
 (2004) Western Muslims and the Future of Islam. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
 (2007) In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
 (2007) The Messenger: the Meanings of the Life of Muhammad. London: Allen Lane.
 (2008) Radical Reform: Islamic Ethics and Liberation. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
 (2009) What I Believe. New York: Oxford University Press.
 (2010) The Quest for Meaning: Developing a Philosophy of Pluralism. London: Allen Lane.
 (2011) On Super-Diversity (multilingual: EN, NL, AR). Rotterdam: Witte de With Publishers; Berlin: Sternberg Press.
 (2012) Islam and the Arab Awakening. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
 (2012) The Arab Awakening: Islam and the New Middle East. London: Allen Lane.
 (2017) Islam: The Essentials. London: Pelican.
 (2017) Introduction to Islam. Oxford University Press.

References

External links

1962 births
Living people
Writers from Geneva
European Islamists
Muslim reformers
Swiss Muslims
Swiss people of Egyptian descent
Academic staff of Erasmus University Rotterdam
University of Notre Dame faculty
Press TV people
Fellows of St Antony's College, Oxford
Muslim scholars of Islamic studies
Sexual abuse scandals in Islam

Tariq Ramadan


Ružičasti bušin (babja šumica, crveni bušin, obični bušin, rusulam lat. Cistus creticus subsp. creticus, sin. Cistus villosus), podvrsta kretskog bušina  (Cistus creticus). Rasprostranjen je po Mediteranu: Sardinija, Malta, Sicilija, Italija, Albanija, Grčka, Kreta, Egejski otoci, Rodos, europski dio Turske, Anatolija, Cipar, Libanon, Sirija, Izrael, Jordan, a introducirana je i u Kaliforniji.

U Hrvatskoj ga ima u priobalju i na otocima uz jadransku obalu, među ostalim Kaprije kod Šibenika, ili na splitskom Marjanu, sastavni je dio kamenjara i makije. To je zimzeleni grm visine do 1 metra, s uspravnim i gustim granama, te ružičastim cvjetovima. Sličan mu je ljepivi bušin, Cistus monspeliensis, ali on ima bijele cvjetove.

Ljekovitost i jestivost
Ljekovita je biljka koja kao i ostali bušini na ozlijeđenom mjestu izlučuju laudanum, a služila je u prevenciji gljivičnih i bakterijskih bolesti, a danas se koristi u parfemima, medicinskim kremama i tekućinama za liječenje kožnih bolesti.PO nekim novijim istraživanjima mogla bi se korisititi i za liječenje lajm borelioze.Od listova se može prirediti čaj,smola se može koristiti za aromatiziranje hrane i pića.

Vanjske poveznice
 Cistus creticus pfaf.org

Dodatna literatura
Domac,R. Flora Hrvatske,Zagreb 1994.

Izvori

Bušinovke
Ljekovito bilje

Ružičasti bušin


Les S9 AL 901 à 980 sont des locomotives à tender séparé, affectées à la traction des trains rapides et des express sur le réseau de la compagnie des chemins de fer d'Alsace - Lorraine.

Histoire
Une série de 80 locomotives de type 230, est commandée par la  Direction générale impériale des chemins de fer d'Alsace-Lorraine (EL), pour assurer la traction des trains rapides  . Elles sont livrées entre 1906 et 1909 et forment la série 251 à 330.

En 1912, elles sont numérotées 901 à 980. En 1918 après l'armistice, le résau est exploité par la compagnie des chemins de fer d'Alsace Lorraine qui conserve les numéros.

En 1938, lors de la création de la SNCF, elles deviennent les 1-230 D 901 à 980.
La  dernière locomotive disparait en 1956.

La construction
 N° 901 à 906, livrées par la SACM en 1907
 N° 907 à 919, livrées par la SACM en 1907
 N° 920 à 926, livrées par la SACM en 1907
 N° 927 à 936, livrées par la SACM en 1907
 N° 937 à 965, livrées par la SACM en 1908
 N° 966 à 980, livrées par Henschel en 1908

Description
Ces locomotives correspondent au type S9 des chemins de fer alsaciens. Elles ont un moteur compound à 4 cylindres. Les cylindres à haute pression sont à l'extérieur du chassis. Les cylindres à basse pression à l'intérieur.

Le premier essieu est entrainé par les cylindres BP, le second par les cylindres HP.

La chaudière est équipée d'un foyer Belpaire. Le dôme se trouve à l'aplomb du premier essieu moteur. La distribution est du type Heusinger.

Caractéristiques
Longueur :
Poids de la locomotive:
Poids du tender:
Capacité du tender en eau:
Capacité du tender en charbon:
Timbre:
Surface de grille :
Surface de chauffe:
Diamètre des roues (motrices):
Diamètre des roues (porteuses):
Dimensions des cylindres HP (haute pression), alésage x course: 340 x
Dimensions des cylindres BP (basse pression), alésage x course: 530 x
Vitesse maximum:

Notes et références

Voir aussi
Une page sur les locomotives S9 du réseau Alsace Lorraine.

Locomotive à vapeur française
Matériel roulant du Réseau d'Alsace-Lorraine

S9 AL 901 à 980


Afkast eller kapitalafkast betegner den fortjeneste, der opnås ved at besidde et økonomisk aktiv i løbet af en bestemt tidsperiode, ofte et år. Det omfatter ændringen i værdien af aktivet, også kaldet en kurs- eller kapitalgevinst, og alle de udbetalinger, som ejeren modtager fra investeringen, f.eks. aktieudbytter eller dividender, renter og lejeindtægter. Kapitalindkomst, som normalt formodes at udgøre mellem 25 og 30 % af den samlede primære indkomst i vestlige lande (mens resten af indkomsten er arbejdsindkomst), består af forskellige former for afkast af kapital. Forrentning i bred forstand (forstået som mere end blot renteindtægter i snæver forstand, også omfattende kapitalgevinster og andre former for kapitalindkomst) er et synonym for kapitalafkast.

Afkast kan enten måles i absolutte værdier (f.eks. i kroner) eller som en andel (procentsats) af aktivets værdi. I sidstnævnte tilfælde taler man også om afkastraten.

Et afkast kan også være negativt. Taber man samlet på en investering, vil man altså sige, at den har givet et negativt afkast.

Ordet anvendes også til tider i overført betydning om gevinster af immateriel karakter, f.eks. i en sætning som "Løgstrups redegørelse for bevidstheden er ikke en egentlig teori, men nok så meget et afkast af en beskæftigelse med andre ting".

Afkastraters størrelse

Forventede afkastrater vil normalt være positive, men kan variere meget i størrelse; de vil bl.a. være stærkt afhængige af risikoen ved den pågældende type investering: Jo højere risiko, jo højere forventet afkast vil man normalt regne med, fordi de fleste investorer er risikoaverse. Man siger, at forskellige former for investeringer har forskellige risikopræmier. For investeringer på linje med typiske børsnoterede aktier regnes ofte med gennemsnitlige årlige afkast på mellem 5 og 10 % betragtet over meget lange tidsperioder, men med mulighed for store udsving fra periode til periode og også fra land til land.

Kilder

Se også

 Afkastningsgrad
 Aktieindkomst
 Lejeværdi
 Jordrente
 Resurserente
 Rentes rente

Finansiel økonomi
Renteformer

Afkast


Gheorghe Hagi (d. 5 Şubat 1965, Săcele), orta saha mevkiisinde oynamış Rumen eski futbolcu, teknik direktördür. Karpatların Maradonası lakabı ile anılsa da bundan hiç hoşlanmamıştır.

Hagi, 1980'li ve 90'lı yıllarda dünyanın en iyi oyuncularından biri olarak kabul edildi ve çoğu kişi tarafından tüm zamanların en büyük Romen futbolcusu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda Romanya millî futbol takımında (Adrian Mutu ile birlikte) 35 golle tüm zamanların önde gelen golcüsüdür.

Kariyerine Romanya'da, Farul Constanța ile başladıktan ve daha sonra FC Sportul Studențesc Bucureşti ve FCSB'de oynadıktan sonra İspanya'da Real Madrid ve Barcelona ile İtalya'da Brescia ve Galatasaray ile Türkiye liginde oynadı; Hagi İspanyol rakip kulüplerden hem Real Madrid hem de Barcelona'da oynamış az sayıdaki futbolcudan birisidir.

Kulüp kariyeri boyunca dört farklı ülkede oynarken çok sayıda şampiyonluk kazandı: üç Romanya Ligi şampiyonluğu, iki Cupa României şampiyonluğu ve Steaua București ile Avrupa Süper Kupasını kazandı - ayrıca bu takımla 1988–89 Avrupa Kupası finaline ulaştı. Real Madrid ile Supercopa de España, Brescia ile Anglo-İtalya Kupası, Barcelona ile başka bir Supercopa de España kupası ve Türkiye'de Galatasaray forması altında dört Süper Lig şampiyonluğu, iki Türkiye Kupası, UEFA Kupası ve UEFA Süper Kupasını kazandı.

Hagi, ülkesinde ve Türkiye'de bir kahraman olarak kabul edilir. Yedi kez rekor Yılın Romen Futbolcusu seçildi ve neslinin en iyi futbolcularından biri olarak kabul edildi. Kasım 2003'te UEFA'nın Jübile'sini kutlamak için, Hagi, Romanya Futbol Federasyonu tarafından son 50 yılın en seçkin oyuncusu olarak Romanya'nın Altın Oyuncusu seçildi. 2004 yılında Pelé tarafından FIFA Ödülleri Töreninde En Büyük 125 Yaşayan Futbolcudan biri seçildi. 1999 yılında Dünya Futbol Dergisi'nin 20. yüzyılın en iyi 100 oyuncusu listesinde 25. sıraya yükseldi.

2001 yılında emekli olduktan sonra Hagi, Romanya millî takımının yanı sıra Romanya ve Türkiye'deki kulüplere, Bursaspor, Galatasaray, Politehnica Timișoara, FCSB ve FC Viitorul Constanța'ya teknik direktörlük yaparak yöneticilik kariyerine devam etti. 2009'da 2014'ten beri koçluk yaptığı Romanya kulübü Viitorul Constanța'yı kurdu; şu anda kulübün hem sahibi hem de yöneticisidir. Hagi ayrıca Güneydoğu Avrupa'nın en büyük futbol akademilerinden biri olan Gheorghe Hagi Futbol Akademisi'ni kurdu.

Kulüp kariyeri

Farul Constanta
Hagi, 1982-1983 Romanya Liga I'de Farul Constanţa forması giydi, 18 maçta 7 gol attı ve çok sayıda asist yaptı. Buradaki performansı ile Sportul Studențesc kulübünün dikkatini çekmeyi başardı.

Sportul Studentesc
1983-1984 sezonunda 18 yaşında Romanya'nın Sportul Studențesc kulübüne transfer oldu. 3 sezonda 92 maçta oynadı ve bu maçlarda orta sahada olmasına rağmen 53 gol attı ve çok sayıda asist yaptı. Sportul takımının lideri oldu ve kulübe tarihindeki en parlak dönemini yaşattı, bu dönemde Sportul iki lig 3.'lüğü ve Hagi'nin son senesinde kulüp tarihindeki en yüksek lig derecesi olan lig 2.'liğini kazanmıştır, ayrıca kulüp bu dönemde bir kere de Romanya Kupası 3.'lüğü yaşamıştır. Hagi bu dönemde Sportul Studenţesc forması ile iki kere gol kralı oldu ve bir kere de Yılın futbolcusu seçildi. Futbolcuyu takibe alan Romanya'nın dünya çapında takımlarından Steaua București 1986-1987 sezonunda Hagi'yi transfer etti. Gheorghe Hagi'nin takımdan ayrılması takımı çok ciddi bir biçimde etkiledi zira sonraki sezon Sportul ligi ancak 8. tamamlayabildi.

Steaua Bükreş
Çoğu spor yazarı ve kendisine göre Steaua Bükreş'te oynadığı dönem, kariyerinde en üstün performans gösterdiği dönemdir. Hagi bu dönemde çoğunlukla forvet arkası bazen ise orta sahanın solunda görev almasınana rağmen dört sezonda çıktğı 97 maçta 76 gol attı ve pek çok asist yaptı. O yıllarda asist sayımı yapılmaya başlanmadığından kaç asist yaptığı tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Steaua, Hagi'nin oynadığı dört yıl içerisinde 4 Romanya Lig Şampiyonluğu ve 3 Romanya Kupası'nın yanı sıra 1 Avrupa Süper Kupası, 1 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi Finali, 1 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi Yarı finali ve 1 FIFA Kulüpler Dünya Kupası Finali oynama başarısı göstermiştir. Steau'da oynadığı dönemde Juventus, Liverpool, Chelsea ve özellikle Milan tarafından defalarca istenmesine rağmen dönemin komünist rejimi nedeniyle transfer gerçekleşememiştir. 1990-1991 sezonunda komünist rejimin değişmesinin ardından Hagi 25 yaşında İspanya'nın dünyaca ünlü kulübü Real Madrid'in çabaları sayesinde, Romanya'da dönemin bonservis bedeli rekorunu kırarak bu kulübe transfer oldu.

Real Madrid
Büyük beklentilerle transfer edilen Hagi ilk senesinde istenilen performansı sergileyemediği için kulüpten gönderilmesi gündeme geldi. Takımdan ayrılmak istemeyen Hagi bir şans daha istedi ve kulüp yönetimi oyuncuyu satmaktan vazgeçti. Real Madrid'deki 2. sezonunda Hagi beklenmedik bir şekilde takımın liderliğini üstlendi ve istenilen performansa ulaştı. Ancak şampiyonluk, Hagi'nin 1 gol, 1 asist ile oynadığı, son haftadaki Tenerife maçının 3-2 kaybedilmesi ile Barcelona'nın oldu. Bunun üzerine sözleşmesi sona eren Gica İspanya'da mutsuz olduğunu gerekçe göstererek Madrid'in yeni sözleşme teklifini reddetti ve beklenmeyen bir karar vererek Lucescu'nun teklifi ile Real Madrid'de geçirdiği 2 sezonun ardından 1992-1993 sezonunda İtalya'nın Brescia takımına transfer oldu. Hagi Real Madrid forması ile 64 maça çıktı ve 15 gol atıp 42 asist yaptı.

Brescia Calcio
Hagi Real Madrid'de geçirdiği iki sezonun ardından İtalya'nın Brescia takımına transfer oldu, takımdaki 2. sezonunda kaptanlığı üstlendi. Kulüpteki 2.yılında, Brescia Calcio tarihindeki en önemli başarılardan biri olan Anglo-İtalya Kupası'nı kazandı.

Barcelona
Brescia'da geçirdiği 2 yılın ardından Hagi, 1994 yılında Amerika'da yapılan Dünya Kupasında Romanya millî takımı ile yüksek performans göstererek Barcelona'nın Hollandalı teknik adamı Johan Cruyff'u etkiledi. Cruyff bir açıklamasında "bu sene dünyanın en iyi futbolcusu tartışmasız Gheorghe Hagi'dir" demiştir. 1994-1995 sezonunda Cruyff'un çabaları ile Hagi tekrar İspanya'ya döndü ve iki sezon Barcelona forması giydi. Hagi Barcelona'da geçirdiği iki sezonda kimi zaman maçlara yedek başlamasını ve Cruyff ile sık sık tartışmasına rağmen 51 maça çıktı(36 lig, 6 kupa, 2 İspanya süper kupası, 7 Avrupa kupası) ve 11 gol atıp 10 asist yaptı. Johan Cruyff'la yıldızı barışmayan Hagi, 1996 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası sonrası Fatih Terim'in ısrarlarıyla 31 yaşında Galatasaray ile sözleşme imzaladı.

Galatasaray

Hagi'nin transferi Türk basınında eleştiriler aldı. Hagi'nin yaşının 31 değil 35 olduğu iddia edildi. Hagi eleştirilere sahada karşılık vereceğini söyledi ve Galatasaray'daki ilk üç lig maçında galibiyeti getiren golleri attı. Daha sonraki yıllarda ise, Hagi takımın gizli lideri oldu. Takıma kazandırdığı kupaların yanı sıra oynadığı 132 maçta 110 gol attı ve attırdı (59 gol, 51 asist).

Hagi'nin en çok forma giydiği takım 5 sezon ile Galatasaray oldu. Ünlü "10 numara", çektiği sert, isabetli şutları ve frikikten attığı gollerle Galatasaray seyircisinin unutulmazları arasına girmeyi başardı. Attığı goller sonrasında Galatasaray tribünleri I Love You Hagi şeklinde tezahürat yaparak Hagi'ye olan sevgilerini gösterdiler.

Jübile ve sonrası

Gheorghe Hagi 2000-2001 sezonu sonunda dünya çapında yıldızların oynadığı bir jübile maçı ile Galatasaray'da taşıdığı 10 numaralı formasıyla 36 yaşında yeşil sahalara veda etti. Veda ettiği sezon sonunda futbolu bıraktığını açıklamasına rağmen İtalya'nın Internazionale ve İspanya'nın Real Madrid kulüplerinden futbola dönmesi için teklif aldığı İnter ve Madrid yöneticileri tarafından doğrulandı. Fakat Hagi, tekliflere teşekkür ederek Galatasaray'da mutlu olduğunu ve futbola burada veda edeceğini söyledi. Galatasaray Kulübü Hagi'nin taşıdığı 10 numaralı formayı 2002 yılına kadar müzeye kaldırdı. 2002-2003 sezonunda Fatih Terim'in gelişiyle Brezilyalı Jorge Felipe 10 numaralı formayı giydi. 2003-2004 sezonunda Galatasaray'a geri dönen Hakan Şükür 10 numarayı bir sezon giydi. Hakan Şükür formasının arkasına Hakan Şükür değil, H. Şükür (Hagi'nin "H" si) yazdırarak 10 numaralı formayı ondan daha fazla hak etmediğini ve saygısını göstermek istemiştir.

Hagi, bir orta saha oyuncusu olmasına rağmen futbol yaşamında %50 (485 maçta 242 gol) gol oranı ile oynamıştır. Kariyeri boyunca kaç asist yaptığı ise tam olarak bilinmemektedir (Galatasaray hariç (51 asist)) ancak kulüp takımlarında 200 ila 250, millî takımda ise 20 ila 30 arasındaki bir sayıda asist yaptığı tahmin edilmektedir.

Futbolu bıraktıktan sonra Hagi çeşitli ödüller almaya devam etmiştir. Bunlardan bazıları şunlardır: 2004' te UEFA Jübile Ödülü almıştır, yine 2004 yılında Pele nin düzenlediği FIFA 100 listesine girmiştir, 2007 yılında Romanya'nın en büyük futbol efsanesi ilan edilmiştir, 2005 yılında ise Hagi World Soccer tarafından Dünya'nın gelmiş geçmiş en iyi 25. futbolcusu seçilmiştir. Hagi son olarak 2010 yılında Dünya Kupaları tarihinin en değerli 100 futbolcusu arasına seçilmiştir.

Hagi ülkesi Romanya'da kariyeri boyunca 7 kez yılın futbolcusu ve son olarak da yüzyılın futbolcusu seçildi. Hagi bu ödül dalında ayrıca 6 kere ikinci, 2 kere üçüncü, 1 kere de beşinci olmuştur. (Yılın Romanyalı futbolcusu ödülleri))

Millî takımlar kariyeri

İlk olarak 1983 yılında 18 yaşında yer aldığı Romanya millî futbol takımının formasını 17 yıl boyunca 3 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası ve 3 FIFA Dünya Kupası da dahil olmak üzere toplamda 125 kere giymiş ve millî maçlarda 35 gol atmıştır. Hagi daha 18 yaşında iken A millî takım formasını giymeye başladı ve yaklaşık iki yıl sonra 20 yaşında millî takımın kaptanı oldu. Sonraki yıllarda Romanya millî takımı ile 3 Avrupa Şampiyonası ve 3 FIFA Dünya Kupasına katılarak Romanya millî takımı ile en çok uluslararası turnuvaya katılan futbolcu oldu. Ayrıca Hagi'nin 1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası'nda, taç çizgisi kenarından, kaleye yaklaşık 45 metre uzaklıktan Kolombiya'ya attığı gol, hâlen Dünya Kupaları tarihinin en güzel 10 golü arasında gösteriliyor. Hagi hâlen (Adrian Mutu ile birlikte) 35 golle Romanya millî futbol takımının tarihindeki en çok gol atan futbolcusudur.

Teknik direktörlük yılları

Hagi, futbolu bırakır bırakmaz Romanya millî takım teknik direktörlüğüne getirildi ancak başarılı olamadı. Daha sonra çalıştırdığı diğer bir takım Süper Lig ekiplerinden Bursaspor oldu. Bursaspor'da istenilen ortamı sağlayamaması sebebi ile sezon bitmeden ayrıldı ve birkaç ay sonra Fatih Terim'in istifası ile Galatasaray teknik direktörlüğüne getirildi. Birkaç yıl önce oyuncu olarak yer aldığı takıma bu sefer hoca olarak gelen Hagi, Galatasaray'ın Fenerbahçe'yi finalde 5-1 gibi bir skorla yenip Türkiye Kupası'nı kazandığı maçta takımın teknik direktörü idi. Galatasaray'dan sonra, Romanya'nın Politehnica Timişoara ve sonra da Steaua București takımlarını çalıştırdı. Ardından teknik direktörlüğü bırakarak kendi ismiyle açılan futbol okulunun başına geçti.

21 Ekim 2010 tarihinde Frank Rijkaard'ın ayrılmasının ardından Galatasaray'ın teknik direktörlüğüne yeniden getirildi. 22 Ekim 2010'da Florya Metin Oktay Tesislerinde 1,5 yıllık sözleşme imzaladı. 25 Mart 2011 tarihinde sözleşmesi feshedildi.

Viitorul Köstence
Eylül 2014'te Hagi, kulübün sahibi ve başkanı olmasının yanı sıra FC Viitorul Constanța'nın yöneticiliğini de üstlendi. İlk sezonunda başarıyla küme düşmekten kaçınan Viitorul, 2015-16 sezonunda sezonun harikası olmaya devam etti ve normal sezonun ilk yarısını 3. sırada tamamladı. Sonunda Viitorul sezonu 4. sırada bitirdi ve play-off'larda mücadele etmeyi hak kazandı. Viitorul elemeleri 5. sırada tamamladı; ancak bunu UEFA Avrupa Ligi üçüncü eleme turunda Dinamo București'nin yenilmesinden dolayı hak kazandı. İlk Avrupa maçında Viitorul, Gent ile Ghelamco Arena'da 5-0 mağlup oldu ve rövanşta evinde 0-0 berabere kalarak turnuvaya veda etti.

Viitorul ilk lig şampiyonluğunu 2016-17 sezonunda Liga 1'de CFR Cluj'u 1-0 yenerek elde etti; maçı FCSB ile aynı olan 44 sayı ile tamamladı. Sonuç olarak, Hagi ikinci Romanya Yılın Koçu ödülünü kazandı.

Özel hayatı
Gheorghe Hagi, annesi Chirata Hagi ve babası Iancu Hagi'nin çocuğu olarak dünyaya geldi. Hagi'nin büyükbabası, Yunanistan'dan Romanya'ya kaçan 40.000 etnik Arumen'den biriydi. Karadeniz kıyısındaki Köstence yakınlarındaki Săcele köyüne yerleşti. Hagi'nin, birçok Arumen gibi çoban olan dedesiyle ilgili güzel anıları bulunmaktadır. Gheorghe Hagi'nin dediğine göre "Dedemle peynir ve domates yemeyi çok severdim ve bugün hâlâ en sevdiğim yemek bu." Ayrıca "Hırs Arumenlerin ana niteliğidir" dedi.

Hagi'nin babası 1997'de ölmüştür.

Hagi, iki evlilik yapmıştır. İlk evliliği Leni Celnicu iledir. Celnicu ile 1990 yılında evlenmiş ve 1995'te ayrılmıştır. 1995'te ilk eşinden ayrıldıktan sonra Marilena Hagi ile evlenmiştir ve bu evlilikten 2 çocuğu olmuştur. İlk çocuğu Kira Hagi, 1995 yılında, Hagi Barcelona'da oynarken doğmuştur, oyunculuk yapmaktadır. İkinci çocuğu Ianis Hagi, 1998'de İstanbul'da doğmuştur. Ianis babası gibi futbolcudur ve şu anda Rangers'da oynamaktadır.

Eşi Marilena'nın kardeşi Luminița Popescu, Gheorghe Popescu'nun eşidir.

Hagi'nin çocuğu Ianis Hagi İstanbul'da doğduğu için Hagi ailesi aynı zamanda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşıdır.

Hagi, Doğal Kahramanlar isimli animasyon filminde Dagda karakterini Romanyalı olarak seslendirmek için seçildi.

İstatistikler

Kulüp istatistikleri
 Tüm maçları ve gollerini içerir. Arşivlerde yer almadığı için asistlerinin hepsini içermez.

{{Lejant|gold|<small>Şampiyonluk yaşadığı Gol kralı olduğu sezonlardır.</small>|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

1Diğer müsabakaları içerir; UEFA Süper Kupası, Kıtalararası Kupa, FIFA Kulüpler Dünya Kupası, Türkiye Spor Yazarları Derneği Kupası

 Millî takım istatistikleri

 Millî takım golleri
{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed font-size:90%;"
! # !! Tarih !! Yer !! Rakip !! Skor !! Sonuç !! Turnuva
|-
!colspan=10|1984
|-
| 1. || 12 Eylül 1984 || align=left|Windsor Park, Belfast, Kuzey İrlanda || align=left| || 1-1 || 2-3 || align=left|1986 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1985
|-
| 2. || 30 Ocak 1985 || align=left|Estádio José Alvalade, Lizbon, Portekiz || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|3-2 || style="text-align:center;"|3-2 || align=left|Hazırlık maçı
|-
| 3.  || 3 Nisan 1985 || align=left|Stadionul Central, Krayova, Romanya || align=left| || 1-0 || 3-0 || align=left|1986 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri
|-
| 4.  || 6 Haziran 1985 || align=left|Helsinki Olimpiyat Stadyumu, Helsinki, Finlandiya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|1-1 || align=left|1986 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri
|-
| 5.  || 28 Ağustos 1985 || align=left|Stadionul 1 Mai, Timișoara, Romanya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|2-0 || align=left|1986 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1986
|-
| 6.  || 23 Nisan 1986 || align=left|Stadionul 1 Mai, Timișoara, Romanya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|2-1 || align=left|Hazırlık maçı
|-
| 7.  || 20 Ağustos 1986 || align=left|Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norveç || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|2-0 || style="text-align:center;"|2-2 || align=left|Hazırlık maçı
|-
| 8. || 10 Eylül 1986 || align=left|Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|4-0 || style="text-align:center;"|4-1 || align=left|1988 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1987
|-
| 9  || 11 Mart 1987 || align=left|Karaiskakis Stadyumu, Pire, Yunanistan || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-1 || style="text-align:center;"|1-1 || align=left|Hazırlık maçı
|-
|10. || 25 Mart 1987 ||align=left| Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|3-1 || style="text-align:center;"|5-1 || align=left|1988 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1988
|-
|11. || 20 Eylül 1988 || align=left|Stadionul 1 Mai, Köstence, Romanya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|2-0 || style="text-align:center;"|3-0 || align=left|Hazırlık maçı
|-
|12. || 2 Kasım 1988 ||align=left| Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|2-0 || style="text-align:center;"|3-0 || align=left|1990 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1990
|-
|13. || 3 Ağustos 1990 || align=left|Stadion Allmend, Luzern, İsviçre || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|1-2 || align=left|Hazırlık maçı
|-
|14.  || 25 Nisan 1990 || align=left|Kiryat Eliezer Stadium, Hayfa, İsrail || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|2-0|| style="text-align:center;"|4-1 || align=left|Hazırlık maçı
|-
!colspan=10|1991
|-
|15.  || 27 Mart 1991 || align=left|San Marino Stadyumu, Serravalle, San Marino || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|3-1 || align=left|1992 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası elemeleri
|-
|16. || 16 Ekim 1991 || align=left|Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || align=left|1992 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1992
|-
|17. || 6 Mayıs 1992 || align=left|Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|2-0 || style="text-align:center;"|7-0 || align=left|1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası Avrupa elemeleri
|-
|18. || rowspan="2" |20 Mayıs 1992 || rowspan="2" align=left|Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya || rowspan="2" align=left| || 1-0 || rowspan="2" align=left|5-1 || rowspan="2" align=left|1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası Avrupa elemeleri
|-
|19. || 5-0
|-
|20. || 29 Kasım 1992 || align=left|Neo GSZ Stadium, Larnaka, Kıbrıs ||align=left|  || style="text-align:center;"|3-1 || style="text-align:center;"|4-1 || align=left|1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası Avrupa elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1993
|-
|21. || 17 Kasım 1993 || align=left|Cardiff Arms Park, Cardiff, Galler ||align=left|  || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|2-1 || align=left|1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası Avrupa elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1994
|-
|22.  || 14 Haziran 1994 || align=left|Trabuco Hills Stadium, Mission Viejo, ABD || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-1|| style="text-align:center;"|1-1 || align=left|Hazırlık maçı
|-
|23. || 18 Haziran 1994 || align=left|Rose Bowl, Pasadena, ABD|| align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|2-0 || style="text-align:center;"|3-1 || align=left|1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası
|-
|24. || 22 Haziran 1994 || align=left|Pontiac Silverdome, Pontiac, ABD|| align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-1 || style="text-align:center;"|1-4 || align=left|1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası
|-
|25. || 3 Temmuz 1994 ||align=left| Rose Bowl, Pasadena, ABD || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|3-1 || style="text-align:center;"|3-2 || align=left|1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası
|-
|26. || 12 Kasım 1994 || align=left|Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya|| align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|2-0 || style="text-align:center;"|3-2 || align=left|1996 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1995
|-
|27. || 15 Ekim 1995 ||align=left|Všešportový areál, Košice, Slovakya|| align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|2-0 || align=left|1996 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1996
|-
|28. || 9 Ekim 1996 || align=left|Laugardalsvöllur, Reykjavík, İzlanda|| align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|2-0 || style="text-align:center;"|4-0 || align=left|1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1997
|-
|29. || 29 Mart 1997 || align=left|Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya|| align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|4-0 || style="text-align:center;"|8-0 || align=left|1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri
|-
|30. || rowspan="2" | 10 Eylül 1997 || rowspan="2" align=left|Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya || rowspan="2" align=left| || 1-0 || rowspan="2" |4-0 || rowspan="2" align=left|1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri
|-
|31. || 4-0
|-
|32. || 11 Ekim 1997 || align=left|Lansdowne Road, Dublin, İrlanda|| align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|1-1 || align=left|1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri
|-
!colspan=10|1998
|-
|33. || 3 Haziran 1998 ||align=left| Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya|| align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|3-2 || style="text-align:center;"|3-2 || align=left|Hazırlık maçı
|-
!colspan=10|1999
|-
|34. || 4 Eylül 1999 ||align=left| Tehelné pole, Bratislava, Slovakya || align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|2-1 || style="text-align:center;"|5-1 || align=left|2000 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası elemeleri
|-
|35. || 8 Eylül 1999 || align=left|Stadionul Ghencea, Bükreş, Romanya|| align=left| || style="text-align:center;"|1-0 || style="text-align:center;"|1-1 || align=left|2000 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası elemeleri
|-
|}

 Başarıları
Futbolcu olarak
Steaua Bükreş
 FIFA Kulüpler Dünya Kupası İkinciliği: 1986
 UEFA Süper Kupası: 1986
 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi İkinciliği: 1989
 Liga I: 1985-86, 1986-87, 1987-88, 1988-89
 Cupa României: 1986-87, 1988-89

Real Madrid
 Supercopa de España: 1990
 Copa del Rey İkinciliği: 1991-92

Brescia
 Anglo-İtalya Kupası: 1994

Barcelona
 Supercopa de España: 1994
 Copa del Rey İkinciliği: 1995-96

Galatasaray
 UEFA Süper Kupası: 2000
 UEFA Kupası: 2000
 Süper Lig: 1996-97, 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-00
 Türkiye Kupası: 1999, 2000
 Süper Kupa: 1997, 1998
 TSYD Kupası: 1997, 1998, 1999
 Süper Lig İkinciliği: 2000-01
 Türkiye Kupası İkinciliği: 1998

Bireysel
 1985 Romanya Ligi gol kralı
 1985 Yılın Romanyalı futbolcusu
 1986 Romanya Ligi Gol Kralı
 1987 Yılın Romanyalı futbolcusu
 1988 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi gol krallığı
 1993 Yılın Romanyalı futbolcusu
 1994 Yılın Romanyalı futbolcusu
 1994 FIFA Dünya'da Yılın Oyuncusu Ödülünde son 5(4.)
 1994 Ballon d'Or ödüllerinde son 5(4.)
 1994 FIFA Dünya Kupasında En İyiler Takımı'' 'na seçildi (FIFA Dünya Kupası ödülleri)
 1997 Yılın Romanyalı futbolcusu
 1998 Türkiye'de Yılın Futbolcusu
 1998 Süper Lig Asist Kralı
 1999 Yılın Romanyalı futbolcusu
 1999 Türkiye'de Yılın Futbolcusu
 2000 Türkiye'de Yılın Futbolcusu
 2000 Yılın Romanyalı futbolcusu
 2004 UEFA Jübile Ödülü
 2004 FIFA 100 listesine girdi
 2005 World Soccer tarafından gelmiş geçmiş en iyi 25. oyuncu seçildi
 2007 Romanya'da yüzyılın en iyi futbolcusu seçildi
 2010 Dünya Kupaları tarihinin en değerli 100 futbolcusu arasına seçildi
 Romanya millî takımı ile en çok uluslararası turnuvaya katılan futbolcu(3 Avrupa Şampiyonası, 3 FIFA Dünya Kupası)
 Romanya millî futbol takımının en çok gol atan futbolcusu (35 gol), Adrian Mutu ile birlikte.
 UEFA Süper Lig'de futbol oynamış en iyi 10 yabancı oyuncu. 2015

Teknik direktör olarak
Galatasaray
 Türkiye Kupası: 2005

Viitorul Constanța
 Romanya Ligi: 2016-17, 2022-23
 Cupa României: 2018-19

Ayrıca bakınız
 FIFA 100
 World Soccer

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Yılın Romanyalı futbolcusu ödülleri
 Gheorghe HAGI Kişisel Web Sitesi
 Galatasaray Resmî Sitesi - Unutulmayanlar
 Gheorghe HAGI - FIFA Profil

1965 doğumlular
Romanya doğumlular
Brescia Calcio futbolcuları
Serie B futbolcuları
İspanya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
İtalya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Rumen gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
1984 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
Galatasaray SK teknik direktörleri
Bursaspor teknik direktörleri
Romanya millî futbol takımı teknik direktörleri
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
Rumen futbolcular
Rumen teknik direktörler
Romanya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
FIFA 100
1990 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
1996 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
2000 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
Galatasaray SK yabancı futbolcuları
FCSB futbolcuları
FC Barcelona futbolcuları
Real Madrid CF futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Serie A futbolcuları
La Liga futbolcuları
Liga I futbolcuları
FCSB teknik direktörleri
Süper Lig teknik direktörleri
Liga I teknik direktörleri
Orta saha futbolcuları
Rumen gurbetçi teknik direktörler
İspanya'daki Rumen gurbetçiler
İtalya'daki Rumen gurbetçiler
Türkiye'deki Rumen gurbetçiler
Forvet futbolcular
FC Farul Constanţa futbolcuları
FC Politehnica Timișoara teknik direktörleri
FC Sportul Studențesc București futbolcuları
FC Viitorul Constanța teknik direktörleri
FIFA Century Club
UEFA Jübile Ödülü sahipleri
UEFA Kupası'nı kazanan futbolcular
Galatasaray SK futbolcuları
UNICEF iyi niyet elçileri

Gheorghe Hagi