Olga Luzardo (Paraguaipoa, Zulia, 29 de febrero de 1916-19 de septiembre de 2016) fue una periodista, escritora venezolana, activista y dirigente histórica del Partido Comunista de Venezuela, partido en el cual militó 80 años, siendo miembro en varias oportunidades de su comité central y su buró político.

Biografía
Olga Luzardo nació en Paraguaipoa, estado de Zulia, el 29 de febrero de 1916. Existía una confusión respecto a su año de nacimiento, ya que generalmente se colocaba el año 1918, sin embargo ese año no fue año bisiesto, siendo el año de 1916 el año correcto de su nacimiento.

A los doce años formó parte de los primeros núcleos y círculos marxistas de las plazas Baralt y Urdaneta en Maracaibo, estado Zulia. Influenciada por el poeta, filósofo y rector del Colegio de Varones Jesús Enrique Lossada, conoció las obras de Karl Marx, Máximo Gorki, Friedrich Engels, Nikolái Bujarin y Lenin.Posteriormente conformaría y ayudaría a organizar los primeros sindicatos con trabajadores tranviarios y petroleros de Maracaibo.
Desde 1928 se sumó a las luchas por los derechos de las mujeres, luchando contra el maltrato y la discriminación en las condiciones de trabajo y salario.

Formó parte de la Sociedad Patriótica de Mujeres, organización de mujeres que protestaba y buscaba la liberación contra la dictadura de Juan Vicente Gómez, siendo baluarte en la lucha por la unidad de las mujeres impulsando los primeros Congresos de Mujeres en Venezuela. Para esa época ayudaba a los poetas Ely Saúl Rodríguez y Rosa Virginia Martínez y al pintor Antonio Angulo a formar un ateneo en su tierra natal.

Más tarde, en 1931 junto con Gabriel Bracho, Espartaco González, Isidro Valles, entre otros,  conformarían la construcción de las primeras células del Partido Comunista de Venezuela en el estado Zulia.

Tras la muerte del dictador Juan Vicente Gómez en diciembre de 1935 comenzó a contribuir a la organización de grupos políticos entre los obreros petroleros. En 1936 participó en el Primer Congreso Feminista en Caracas, al lado Eumelia Hernández, Itala Reyes, Auxiliadora Soto, Margoth Díaz Urdaneta, Rosa Virginia Martínez, y otras compañeras que luchaban por la obtención del voto femenino. A finales de ese año como una de las principales dirigentes de la Primera Gran Huelga Petrolera de Venezuela.

En 1936 fue fundadora de la Agrupación Cultural Femenina, primer organismo de mujeres del Partido Comunista de Venezuela, siendo baluarte en la lucha por la unidad de las mujeres impulsando así los primeros Congresos de Mujeres en Venezuela, desde este espacio batalló por la solidaridad internacional y por la igualdad de derechos políticos, sociales y culturales de la mujer.

El 22 de agosto de 1939 nació su hija, producto del amor con el también luchador revolucionario Luis Eduardo Pérez Arteaga.

Durante los años cuarenta fue fundadora de la Federación Democrática Internacional de Mujeres (FDIM), siendo la primera mujer delegada por Venezuela, representando a esa nación en distintos eventos internacionales realizados en países como la Unión Soviética, Chile, Cuba, Hungría, Polonia y Checoslovaquia. En 1944 recibió el título de economista en la Universidad Central de Venezuela. En 1945 vería hecho realidad uno de sus principales motivos de lucha, con la consecución del derecho al voto, y su ejercicio en 1946.

Durante la dictadura de Marcos Pérez Jiménez fue fundadora y activista de la Unión de Muchachas Venezolanas (UMV) y actuó en la resistencia bajo el seudónimo de Jorge. Durante ese período, específicamente en 1950, fue víctima de la represión y el maltrato, siendo herida en una de sus piernas para detenerla y posteriormente encarcelarla, sufriendo condena en la penitenciaría San Carlos en el estado Cojedes, en 1952 se exilió en México y la URSS.

Integró el comité central del Partido Comunista de Venezuela como secretaria femenina en varias oportunidades y fue profesora y directora de su Escuela de Cuadros Hồ Chí Minh, a través de los cuales formó  a muchísimos cuadros del PCV y la Juventud Comunista de Venezuela. Bajo el nombre «Escuela ambulante» recorrió las ciudades y pueblos de Venezuela, difundiendo material como Qué es el PCV, La Línea Política del PCV y Trabajo de masas, para formar los cuadros políticos en todo el país.

Como periodista tuvo una larga trayectoria, durante los años treinta publicó sus primeros artículos de opinión en el diario Panorama de Maracaibo, trabajó en el periódico Últimas Noticias de «Kotepa» Delgado, junto a la primera reportera venezolana Ana Luisa Llovera y María Teresa Castillo. Fue también periodista de Ahora y formó parte de la comisión fundadora de Tribuna Popular, órgano de prensa del PCV en el cual fue una constante redactora.

En el 2007 participó en el documental de Marc Villá Venezuela Petroleum Company, y en su testimonio describe el maltrato de los explotadores petroleros extranjeros contra los obreros venezolanos y atestigua además que muchos fueron encarcelados, torturados o asesinados por exigir condiciones laborales como el suministro de agua potable, mejoras en las condiciones de las viviendas, libre tránsito al interior de los campos petroleros y un salario digno.

Luzardo también fue poeta y escritora, publicó Flor de cactus en (1942), donde reúne poemas escritos entre 1935 y 1942, en el cual mezcla elementos políticos con el romance y lo erótico, y Huellas frescas publicado en 1993, contentivo de poemas que conjugan tristeza, dolor y melancolía con el discurso poético, escritos en la penitenciaria de San Carlos entre 1950–1952, el cual esgrime una desgarradora soledad, amargura y desilusión.

En mayo de 2016 recibió de parte del presidente venezolano Nicolás Maduro la Orden Libertadores y Libertadoras de Venezuela, por ser pionera en la lucha por la clase obrera y el pueblo trabajador, y ejemplo vivo de militancia revolucionaria.

Murió en Venezuela el 19 de septiembre de 2016, a los cien años de edad por causa natural.

Véase también

 Asalto al Tren del Encanto

Notas y referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
Olga Luzardo
Partido Comunista de Venezuela
Historia de la Revolución Bolivariana - Las primeras insurgencias militares

Zulianos
Mujeres activistas de Venezuela
Sindicalistas de Venezuela
Mujeres economistas de Venezuela
Comunistas de Venezuela
Escritoras de Venezuela
Mujeres periodistas de Venezuela
Dirigentes del Partido Comunista de Venezuela
Paraguaipoa
Centenarios de Venezuela

Olga Luzardo


Vadim Yevgenievich Shishimarin (; nascido em 17 de outubro de 2000) é um soldado russo que foi a primeira pessoa a ser julgada por crimes de guerra durante a invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia em 2022. Em 18 de maio de 2022, ele se declarou culpado de atirar fatalmente em um civil desarmado ucraniano, Oleksandr Shelipov, de 62 anos, causando-lhe à prisão perpétua.

Soldados da Rússia

Vadim Shishimarin


فيروسات الزق أو عائلة اسكوفيريدي  هي عائلة من الفيريونات مكونة من غلاف، نواة، غشاء شحمي مرتبط بالجسيم الداخلي. قفيصة الفيروس مغلفة بقطر يقدر ب 130 نم وبطول يتراوح بين 200 و 240 نم

الفيريونات عصوية الشكل، بيضوية، سجقية الشكل (سقائي الشكل).

الجينوم غير مجزء ويحتوي على جزيء واحد من الدنا ثنائي السلسلة الحلقي. يتكون الجينوم من جوانين + سيتوزين بنسبة 42 - 60 % .

تصيب فيروسات الزق في المقام الأول اللا فقاريات.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
 نطاق فيروسي: فيروسات الزق

عائلات فيروسية
فيروسات دي أن إيه نووية سيتوبلازمية كبيرة
فيروسات الزق

فيروسات الزق


Les Heterogloeaceae sont une famille d'algues de l'embranchement des Ochrophyta, de la classe des Xanthophyceae ou Tribophyceae (algues jaunes). C'est la seule famille de l'ordre des Heterogloeales.

Étymologie
Le nom vient du genre type Heterogloea, composé du préfixe hetero- (du grec , «  différent, contraire, opposé »), et -gloea, glutineux  (de glea, gelée), en référence au fait que les cellules de cet organisme peuvent soit vivre libre, soit se grouper dans une substance gélatineuse.

Description
Le genre type Heterogloea est un organisme colonial, dont les groupes sans forme définie, qui peuvent faire jusqu'à  de diamètre, vivent librement ou attachés à un substrat.

Les cellules globulaires, sans paroi cellulaire, de 4 à  de diamètre, sont dispersées dans un mucilage, non stratifié plus ou moins ferme, et sont susceptibles d'avoir des mouvements amiboïdes.

La cellule renferme deux ou trois chloroplastes de petite taille ; une seule vacuole contractile y a été observée .

Liste des genres
Selon  :
 Gloeochloris Pascher, 1932
 Helminthogloea Pascher, 1932
 Heterogloea Pascher, 1930
 Malleodendron Pascher, 1937

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Références biologiques

Liens externes

Ochrophyta
Xanthophyceae
Classe d'algues (nom scientifique)

Heterogloeaceae


The LWS-6 Żubr (PZL.30, wisent) was a twin-engined medium bomber designed and produced by the Polish aircraft manufacturer LWS. It was only produced in limited numbers and was used for training purposes as it proved to be inferior to the contemporary PZL.37 Łoś medium bomber.

The LWS-6 was originally designed as a 12-passenger airliner during the early 1930s, but was reconfigured to produce bomber instead. During March 1936, the first prototype, designated PZL.30 (or PZL.30BI), performed its maiden flight. The aircraft was accepted for a limited production run by the LWS state factory in Lublin for the Polish Air Force. During 1937, work commenced on a floatplane torpedo bomber variant, designated the LWS-5, for the Polish Navy, but work on the prototype was abandoned following setbacks. Export sales were also sought, the Romanian Air Force were reportedly considering buying up to 24 aircraft, however, following the loss of one of the prototypes on 7 November 1936 due to a mid-air structural failure, Romania ordered the rival PZL.37 Łoś instead.

During 1938, the LWS-6 was introduced to service with the Polish Air Force, which immediately assigned the type to its training units rather than frontline squadrons. Even so, its service life would be relatively brief on account of the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939. Many aircraft were destroyed on the ground, none would be used in combat against Nazi Germany. Several would be captured by both the Soviet Union and Germany, leading to the type being used in secondary roles, such as training and communication, by the Luftwaffe and the Soviet Air Forces. None would survive the conflict.

Development

Origins
Work on what would become the LWS-6 originally started in 1932 as the PZL.30, a 12-passenger airliner. It had been conceived of, and primarily developed by, the Polish aeronautical engineer Zbysław Ciołkosz shortly after having joined the aircraft manufacturer PZL. It had been hoped that the Polish national flag carrier Polskie Linje Lotnicze LOT would procure the PZL.30, particularly as it had been seeking a replacement to its aging Fokker F.VII fleet at that time. While the airline did not outwardly indicate interest in the project, Polish aviation authorities opted to sponsor its development in the hope that LOT would change its mind as it neared completion. Such hopes were in vain, however, as in 1935, LOT opted to purchase American-built Douglas DC-2 airliners instead.

Another avenue for the project had prevented itself in the form of an official requirement for a new medium bomber for the Polish Air Force; Ciołkosz himself proposed producing a bomber derivative of his airliner project. This derivative attracted favourable attention not only from industry but also Polish Air Force officers; in late 1933, a special commission selected the design study for further investigation over several rival proposals. Accordingly, greater resources were promptly directed towards the project. As the detailed design took form, it became clear that the performance of the PZL.30 was unlikely to match that of a more advanced alternative medium bomber already in development at that time, the PZL.37 Łoś. However, the Department of Aeronautics identified that, as a result of the substantial differences between the Łoś and preceding aircraft, operational conversion would require extensive training, a capacity in which a more affordable auxiliary bomber would likely play a valuable role. Continuing the PZL.30's development also enabled the project to act as a fallback option in the eventuality that the more advanced bomber encountered insurmountable technical issues. Thus, the company was instructed to proceed with constructing a single prototype. The design showed influence by French bombers, with spacious flat-sided fuselage with rich glazing.

During March 1936, the first prototype of PZL.30, designated  PZL.30BI, performed its maiden flight; it was piloted by the Polish test pilot Bolesław Orliński. The occasion, which made the aircraft the first Polish twin engined bomber to take flight, occurred only three months prior to the first flight of the prototype Łoś. The manufacturer's trials were completed by mid-1936, after which the prototype was dispatched to conduct certification and utilisation trials. While these were reportedly trouble-free, the aircraft continue to demonstrate unimpressive performance throughout; it was praised for its spacious interior amongst other things. Despite the PZL.30's development having occurred within virtually the same timeframe as the PZL.37, the performance of the PZL.30 was noticeably inferior to its counterpart, being both slower and possessing a considerably smaller bomb load than the Łoś, yet incurring a similar per unit cost to produce.

The PZL.30 prototype had been initially powered by a pair of American Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior radial engines, each capable of producing 420 hp. At the urging of the Department of Aeronautics, the company refitted the aircraft with the more powerful Bristol Pegasus VIII radial engines, sourced from the United Kingdom. To reflect this change, which became a condition for the awarding of a production contract, the prototype was redesignated as the PZL.30BII. It was flown in September 1936. The aircraft was accepted for a limited production run by the LWS state factory in Lublin, for which Ciołkosz was appointed the technical director and project lead. In older publications there could be found a designation LWS-4, but it does not appear in any documents and the aircraft's correct designation was LWS-6.

Design changes
It was planned to produce 16 aircraft for the Polish Air Force, with the designation: LWS-6 Żubr. The Żubr was given a military code number 71 and the series was to have factory numbers 71.1 to 71.17, but the aircraft were given different code numbers eventually due to secrecy. The production aircraft incorporated further changes, such as a new means of undercarriage retraction; instead of the uncommon arrangement of retracting into the fuselage sides, a more conventional approach of retracting into the engine nacelles was implemented.

Development was hit by the loss of a prototype on 7 November 1936, having crashed at Michałowice shortly following a mid-air structural failure during a demonstration flight. Comprehensive static testing and other investigative techniques were applied to the design to identify the cause, which was determined to have been the de-lamination of the wing's plywood skin. Substantial lobbying was also employed, as the aircraft was LWS's only active project at the time and its cancellation would have had severe consequences for the company. To remedy the issue, the wing was redesigned with greater reinforcement, but this measure increased the aircraft's overall weight, which in turn meant that the LWS-6 had a smaller bomb load than expected while other performance areas were also hampered. The factory proposed to develop new steel construction wing, 300 kg lighter, but it was not implemented.

During 1937, the factory proposed to build a floatplane torpedo bomber variant, designated the LWS-5, instead of pursuing development of the LWS-1 (R-XXA) that had been designed by Jerzy Rudlicki. It was supposed to be fitted with two Short floats of the Lublin R-XX prototype. Initially, the Polish Navy exhibited interest in the proposal, and work on the LWS-1 was cancelled despite the progress made; however, numerous problems were encountered in the LWS-5's development, leading to work on the prototype being canceled as well. It was evident that the underpowered LWS-5 could not carry an effective offensive load.

As one part of several measures explored to improve the aircraft's performance, a modified prototype was produced that featured a double tail fin; it conducted an initial flight near the end of 1937. However, the definitive model that would attain quantity production would only ever use a single tail fin configuration, albeit enlarged from earlier counterparts. During 1938, a series of 15 aircraft were constructed, while deliveries to the Polish Air Force commenced in early 1939.

Aside from the Polish Air Force, the Romanian Air Force showed an interest in the Żubr prototype during 1936 and, at one point, was reportedly considering the purchase of up to 24 aircraft that could have been powered by French-supplied engines. Following the fatal loss of the Pegasus-powered prototype on 7 November 1936, which had resulted the deaths of all on board, including two Romanian officers, Romania placed an order for the rival PZL.37 Łoś instead.

Design
The LWS-6 Żubr was a conventional high-wing cantilever twin-engined monoplane. It featured an unorthodox mixed construction approach, being largely composed of both metal and wood. The fuselage, which had a rectangular cross-section, was divided into two sections; the forward section had a duralumin structure while the remainder of the structure used welded tubular steel. The upper fuselage had a metallic exterior while a canvas covering was present on both the sides and the bottom. The wings were of wooden construction and had a plywood covering. The main undercarriage retracted into the engine nacelles, only the wheels themselves fully retracted, the legs remaining exposed and thus generating drag event in the retracted position; the aviation author Jerzy Cynk describes the arrangement as "crude" and of "doubtful advantage". The aircraft was powered by a pair of Bristol Pegasus VIII radial engines, that typically generated up to 670 hp (500 kW), but provide additional power for take-offs of 680 hp (520 kW). These engines drove three-bladed Hamilton Standard metal propellers. The engines were license-manufactured as PZL Pegaz 8.

The LWS-6 was operated by a crew of four: a pilot, commander-bombardier, radio operator and a rear gunner. The bombardier was accommodated in the aircraft's glazed nose, the position being provisioned with a forward-facing turret armed with twin machine guns that had a distinctive pointed "beard" directly beneath it. The pilot was seated underneath a sizable canopy in a forward position on the upper fuselage, which was also somewhat offset to the left. Full night-flying instrumentation was provided, along with direction-finding radio and detachable dual controls. The radio operator was seated inside the fuselege. In training role, additional crew member took place in the pilot's cockpit on folding seat. The rear gunner operated a semi-retractable upper dorsal turret armed with twin machine guns that elevated to a working position, along with a "trap" ventral position that operated in an identical manner. The bombload was intended to be primarily carried within an internal bomb bay on multi-storey racks; external racks were also tested for an expanded bombing capacity. The aircraft was designed to carry 1200 kg of bombs in the bomb bay (8 bombs 50 or 100 kg), under the fuselage  (4 bombs 50 or 100 kg) and under wings (4 bombs 50 kg), but maximum take-off weight limited the load to 440-660 kg.

Operational history
Between 1938 and 1939, a total of 15 LWS-6 bombers were delivered to the Polish Air Force. From the outset, the type was considered to be obsolete; instead of being assigned to frontline combat squadrons, the newly-delivered aircraft were allocated to training units, primarily to the 213th Training Bomber Escadrille in Małaszewicze and a training escadrille of the 1st Air Regiment. In Polish service, several shortcomings were identified on the LWS-6, such as the occasional uncommanded retraction of the undercarriage during landing. As a result, some crews would reportedly choose to fly with the undercarriage permanently locked down.

The type was exclusively used for training. Production model of the Żubr was considered safe aircraft, with good flight characteristics, and only one crashed before the war due to pilot's error, however, without fatal injuries.

During the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, no Żubrs were recorded as having been used in actual combat. They were largely grounded, being unsuitable for operations at full-loaded weight from the temporary operational landing fields commonly being used, while flying in a lightened condition would have provided virtually no payload capacity. Several aircraft were destroyed while on the ground, most of them in Małaszewicze, a fate shared with many other training aircraft of the Polish Air Force. The Germans captured several intact LWS-6s, including the twin-tailfin prototype. These aircraft were flown by the Luftwaffe, where the type was used for blind flying training until at least 1942 (among others, in Blindflugschule Schleissheim). As a result, the LWS-6 lasted longer in Luftwaffe service than it did with the Polish Air Force.

The Soviet Union also captured four aircraft during their own invasion of Poland. These were subsequently operated by the Soviet Air Forces for a time as communication aircraft.

Operators

 Luftwaffe — operated captured aircraft for training purposes.

 Polish Air Force — used in non-combat roles, primarily training.

 Soviet Air Force — used four captured aircraft for communication.

Specifications (LWS-4)

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 Fitzsimmons, Bernard, ed. "Żubr, L.W.S. 4." The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare. London: Latimer House Ltd., 1979. .
 Glass, Andrzej. Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 (in Polish) ('Polish aviation constructions 1893-1939 . Warsaw: WKiŁ, 1977, no ISBN.

 Taylor, John W. R. "PZL L.W.S. 4 and L.W.S. 6 Żubr." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the Present''. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. .

External links

 Photos and drawings at airwar.ru

1930s Polish bomber aircraft
World War II Polish medium bombers
PZL aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft

LWS-6 Żubr


Edise ist ein Dorf (estnisch küla) in der Gemeinde Jõhvi (Jõhvi vald). Es liegt im Kreis Ida-Viru (Ost-Wierland) im Nordosten Estlands.

Beschreibung und Geschichte
Das Dorf hat 200 Einwohner (Stand 1. Januar 2012). Es liegt nordwestlich der Stadt Jõhvi.

Der Ort wurde erstmals 1241 im Liber Census Daniæ urkundlich erwähnt.

Gut Edise
Die ersten Angaben über das Gut Edise (deutsch Schloss Etz) stammen aus dem Jahr 1477. Es stand damals im Eigentum der adligen Familie Taube. Im 17. Jahrhundert gehörte das Gut der deutschbaltischen Familie Maydell, später der Familie Rosen.

Das eingeschossige Hauptgebäude entstand 1860 im Stil der Neorenaissance. Die letzten deutschbaltischen Eigentümer vor der Enteignung im Zuge der estnischen Landreform 1919 waren Sofie von Jermolov und Katharine von Baer.

Für seine Verdienste während des Estnischen Freiheitskrieges (1918–1920) schenkte der estnische Staat das Gut nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg dem Generalmajor und späteren langjährigen Bürgermeister von Tartu Aleksander Tõnisson (1875–1941). Die Gebäude des Guts wurden 1940 größtenteils vernichtet.

Tõnisson wurde im folgenden Jahr von den sowjetischen Besatzungsbehörden verhaftet und in Tallinn hingerichtet. Seine Frau und sein jüngerer Sohn wurden ins Innere Russlands deportiert. Seit 2005 erinnert eine Gedenktafel in Edise an Aleksander Tõnisson.

1980 wurde zu den Olympischen Sommerspielen in einem restaurierten Speichergebäude mit Arkadengang ein Restaurant eingerichtet, das bis heute existiert.

Vasallenburg Edise
Im 15. Jahrhundert entstand auf dem Gut die Vasallenburg von Edise. Charakteristisch war der dreigeschossige, etwa neun Meter hohe Turm der Festung.

Sie diente gemeinsam mit der Festungskirche von Jõhvi sowie den Burgen in Purtse und Järve dem Schutz und der Kontrolle der wichtigen Überlandstraße zwischen Tallinn und Narva.

Während des Livländischen Kriegs fiel die Burg 1558 kampflos in die Hände der russischen Truppen. Bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg blieben noch einige Mauern erhalten. Die noch verbliebenen wenigen Überreste stehen seit 1998 unter Denkmalschutz.

2012 wurde die "Stiftung Burg Edise" (Sihtasutus Edise Linnus) gegründet. Sie widmet sich der Erforschung und dem Erhalt der Überreste von Burg und Gut Edise.

Weblinks
 Beschreibung und Geschichte (estnisch)
 Bilder vom Ort der ehemaligen Vasallenburg Edise
 Stiftung Burg Edise
 Gut Edise
 Gasthaus "Zum weißen Pferd"

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Estland
Jõhvi
Ersterwähnung 1241

Edise


Arts de l'Islam. Un passé pour un présent est une exposition multi-sites en France à propos des arts de l'Islam, se déroulant de  à .

Organisation
La commissaire de l'exposition est Yannick Lintz, directrice du département des arts de l'Islam du musée du Louvre, qui prête une partie des œuvres exposées.

L'exposition, voulue par le Premier ministre, Jean Castex, a été organisée en  ou  selon les sources. Elle se déroule du  au . Le catalogue de l'exposition est publié en .

Sites

L'exposition se déroule sur  différents :

Œuvres

L'exposition inclut un total de  exposées, dont 60 sont prêtées par le département des arts de l'Islam du musée du Louvre, et 150 sont issues des fonds régionaux. 18 créations contemporaines sont par ailleurs présentées, une par site.

Angoulême

Blois

Clermont-Ferrand

Dijon

Figeac

Limoges

Mantes-la-Jolie

Marseille

Nancy

Nantes

Narbonne

Rennes

Rillieux-la-Pape

Rouen

Saint-Denis

Saint-Louis

Toulouse

Tourcoing

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .

Articles connexes
 Département des arts de l'Islam du musée du Louvre

Liens externes

Islam en France
Exposition d'art en France
2022 en France
2021 en France
Arts de l'Islam

Arts de l'Islam (exposition)


Kučuk-Kajnardžijski mir, mirovni sporazum sklopljen 21. srpnja 1774. godine Rusije i Osmanskog Carstva u selu Kučuk-Kajnardži, danas Kajnardža u Bugarskoj. Tim mirom je okončan Rusko-osmanski rat (1768. – 1774.), za kojeg je osmanska vojska doživjela niz poraza.

Odredbama mirovnog ugovora, Rusija je dobila utvrdu Kinburn na utoku Dnjepra u Crno more, Kerč i Jenikale na Krimu, Kabardiniju, i što je Rusima bila osobito važno, pravo slobodne plovidbe za trgovačke brodove po Crnome moru, Dunavu i kroz tjesnace Bospor i Dardanele. Jednako tako, Krimski Tatari na Krimu i na Kubanu postali su neovisni, a Rusija je vratila Moldaviju i Vlašku pod nadzor njihovih vojvoda, uz dogovor da ih ona zastupa pred Portom. Osim toga, Rusiji je dozvoljeno da štiti kršćansku vjeru, osobito pravoslavlje, na području Osmanskog Carstva i da otvara diplomatska predstavništva i trgovačke konzulate.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Kučuk-Kajnardžijski mir – Hrvatska enciklopedija
 Kučuk-Kajnardžijski mir – Proleksis enciklopedija

Mirovni sporazumi
Povijest Rusije
Povijest Turske
Rusko-turski ratovi

Kučuk-Kajnardžijski mir


Lovango Cay je privatni otok u okrugu St. John, na Američkim Djevičanskim otocima.

Leži 1.6 km sjeverozapadno od otoka sv. John, Lovango (također poznat u različitim vremenima kao Loango i Awango ) pokriva područje od 48 ha , a najviši vrh mu je na 78 m nadmorske visine.

Otok je rijetko naseljen barem od 1728. Najveća zabilježena populacija bila je 49 osoba 1917., kada je nakratko postojala škola.

Na otoku se nalazi ekološki odgovorna stambena zgrada pod nazivom Loving Cay Estates. Otok je samodostatan i ima vlastitu solarnu bateriju, vjetroagregat i postrojenje za desalinizaciju s reverznom osmozom. Novi razvoj na otoku uključuje bazen i klub na plaži.

Dostupan je samo brodom, a sjeverna strana otoka ima mali zaljev. Uz Congo Cay na sjeveru, voda ovdje obično ostaje mirna i pruža dobre uvjetenza ronjenje s disalicom. Između ostalog, šarkarice se često ovdje odmaraju tijekom dana.

Južna strana otoka popularno je mjesto za ronjenje za čarter brodove iz St. John i Saint Thomas.

Izvori

Otoci Američkih Djevičanskih otoka

Lovango Cay


São Pedro da Torre Portekiz'de Valença belediyesine bağlı olan, 4,29 km² yüzölçümüne sahip, 1.232 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Valença

São Pedro da Torre


Peter Vang Petersen (* 11. Juni 1952 in Sakskøbing) ist ein dänischer Prähistoriker. Er ist Kurator am Dänischen Nationalmuseum in Kopenhagen.

Leben
Nach seiner Magisterprüfung 1979 mit einer Analyse der chronologischen und regionalen Entwicklung innerhalb der Kongemose-Kultur und Ertebølle-Kultur an der Universität Kopenhagen war Petersen von 1981 bis 1983 wissenschaftlicher Assistent am Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie an der Universität Kopenhagen. 1983 wurde Petersen Kurator am Nationalmuseum.

Dort ist er für die Funde aus dem Spätpaläolithikum und dem Mesolithikum verantwortlich. Als Museumsarchäologe beschäftigt sich Petersen mit Forschungsvermittlung. Er hat verschiedene Abschnitte der 2008 neu eröffneten Ausstellung der Vorgeschichte im Nationalmuseum gestaltet. Neben Monographien über Feuersteinartefakte und Goldschätze hat Petersen Aufsätze über mesolithische Kunst, die Jagd zu Wasser auf Elche und die Bedeutung der Tier- und Vogeldarstellungen in der vorchristlichen Mythologie und der Eisenzeit verfasst.

1986 übernahm er das Amt des Sekretärs für die Königliche Gesellschaft der nordischen Altertümer. Zudem ist Petersen Studienleiter für das Fachgebiet Prähistorische Archäologie an der Volksuniversität in Kopenhagen.

Publikationen
 Flint fra Danmarks Oldtid. Høst & Søn, København 1999, ISBN 87-14-29524-5.
 Mammutter, Moselig og Mønter. Blade af Sakskøbing og Omegns historie fra istid til tidlig middelalder. Fonden til Sakskøbings historie, Sakskøbing 2003, ISBN 87-988686-1-6.
 Stortandede harpuner – og jagt på hjortevildt til vands. = Large-barbed harpoons – and deer-hunting in water. In: Aarbøger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie. 2005, , S. 43–54.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Prähistoriker
Däne
Geboren 1952
Mann
Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter des Dänischen Nationalmuseums

Peter Vang Petersen


Mursal Nabizada (Nangarhar, 1993 – Cabul, 15 de janeiro de 2023) foi uma política afegã, legisladora e crítica do Talibã que fez parte da Assembleia Nacional do Afeganistão em Cabul.

Biografia
Mursal Nabizada nasceu em Nangarhar, na Província Oriental do Afeganistão, em 1993.

Era uma das líderes parlamentares que permaneceram em Cabul após o golpe dos talibãs em 2021.

Assassinato
Foi assassinada no primeiro andar da sua casa, junto com seu guarda-costas pessoal, por assaltantes desconhecidos. O irmão e um segundo segurança ficaram feridos.

Este foi o primeiro assassinato de um membro do Parlamento desde a tomada de Cabul em Agosto de 2021. A ex-parlamentar da província de Candaar, Malali Ishaqzai, apresentou as suas condolências.

Nascidos em 1993
Mortos em 2023
Mulheres
Mulheres na política
Políticos assassinados

Mursal Nabizada


Valle del Juba (en somalí: Dooxada Jubba) es un valle en el noreste de África.

Sigue la línea al norte del río Juba, desde el Océano Índico a la frontera entre Somalia y Etiopía, y luego se divide, una rama con el río Dawa, al oeste a lo largo de la frontera entre Etiopía y Kenia y luego hacia el norte en Etiopía, y la otra rama, sigue el río Ganale Dorya , hacia el norte en Etiopía.

Esta junto con el Valle de Shabelle, y cerca de los lagos Chamo y Abaya, y es considerado como un Área de Aves Endémicas por la asociación BirdLife International.

La sección de Somalia, del valle de Juba se conoce como Jubaland.

Antes de la guerra civil somalí, el Valle de Juba era un área rural normal, pero en el año 1993 se transformó en escenario de lucha entre diversos clanes.

Véase también
 Geografía de Somalia
 Geografía de Kenia

Referencias

Valles de Somalia
Juba
Juba

Valle del Juba


Savannetoko () er en næsehornsfugl, der lever i nordvestlige Kenya og nabolande.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Fugle fra Østafrika
Næsehornsfugle

Savannetoko


Neruda es un álbum de estudio conformado por la grabación de 13 poemas del poeta chileno ganador del Premio Nobel de Literatura Pablo Neruda, publicado en 1969 por el sello chileno Dicap. Carente de toda musicalización, el disco es uno de los pocos trabajos discográficos con la voz de Neruda.

Los poemas 4 y 5 son dedicados a la ciudad de «Stalingrado», actualmente llamada Volgogrado, mientras que el tema 7 habla del destacado militar mapuche Lautaro, toqui durante la Guerra de Arauco entre 1554 y 1557.

Lista de canciones

Referencias

Álbumes de 1969
Álbumes de Discoteca del Cantar Popular
Obras de Pablo Neruda

Neruda (álbum de Pablo Neruda)


Biserica evanghelică din Dumitrița este un monument istoric aflat pe teritoriul satului Dumitrița, comuna Dumitrița. În Repertoriul Arheologic Național, monumentul apare cu codul 32919.02.

Localitatea
Dumitrița (,) este satul de reședință al comunei cu același nume din județul Bistrița-Năsăud, Transilvania, România.

Biserica
Biserica luterană a fost construită în stil gotic în secolul al XV-lea și renovată în secolul al XIX-lea (1870), renovare căreia i se datorează înfățișarea actuală. Urmele unei curtine se disting încă la suprafața terenului. Este posibilă și prezența în pământ a fundațiilor unui turn de curtină către nord-est. Biserica a dispus de o orgă construită în 1831 de Johann Graef, distrusă în anul 1945.

După exodul sașilor transilvăneni, biserica a fost cumpărată de comunitatea ortodoxă, modificată la interior conform cerințelor cultului ortodox și a primit hramul "Sfinții Apostoli Petru și Pavel". A fost sfințită ca lăcaș de cult ortodox în anul 2007.

Note

Bibliografie
Anghel Gheorghe, Fortificații medievale din piatră, secolele XII-XVI, Cluj Napoca, 1986.
Juliana Fabritius-Dancu, Cetăți țărănești săsești din Transilvania, în Revista Transilvania, Sibiu, 19.
 Hermann Fabini. Universul cetăților bisericești din Transilvania. Sibiu: Editura Monumenta, 2009, 279 p.
Iambor Petre, Așezări fortificate din Transilvania (sec. IX-XIII), Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
Thomas Nägler, Așezarea sașilor în Transilvania, Editura Kriterion, București, 1992.
Adrian Andrei Rusu, Castelarea carpatica, Editura MEGA, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
George Oprescu, Bisericile, cetăți ale sașilor din Ardeal, Editura Academiei, București, 1956.
Țiplic Ioan-Marian, Organizarea defensivă a Transilvaniei în evul mediu (secolele X-XIV), Editura Militară, București, 2006.

Vezi și
 Dumitrița, Bistrița-Năsăud

Imagini din exterior

Monumente istorice din județul Bistrița-Năsăud
Biserici evanghelice de confesiune augustană din România
Arhitectură gotică din România
Biserici din secolul al XV-lea din România
Biserici ortodoxe în România
Biserici din județul Bistrița-Năsăud
Biserici cu hramul Sfinții Apostoli Petru și Pavel

Biserica evanghelică din Dumitrița


Charlie Cavanagh est une boxeuse canadienne née le  à Saint-Jean (Nouveau-Brunswick).

Carrière
Sa carrière amateur est principalement marquée par une médaille d'argent remportée aux championnats du monde 2022 à Istanbul dans la catégorie des poids welters.

Palmarès

Championnats du monde
  Médaille d'argent en - en 2022 à Istanbul, Turquie

Championnats panaméricains
  Médaille de bronze en - en 2022 à Guayaquil, Équateur

Référence

Liens externes

Boxeuse canadienne
Naissance en juin 2000
Naissance à Saint-Jean (Nouveau-Brunswick)
Étudiant de l'Université du Nouveau-Brunswick

Charlie Cavanagh


Oponašana ili simulirana stvarnost (engl. simulated reality) znanstvena je pretpostavka prema kojoj se stvarnost može oponašati do toga stupnja da se razlikuje od "istinske" stvarnosti, zbilje, zadržavajući um pojedinca u njoj bez svijesti o nestvarnosti tj. oponašanju stvarnosti u kojoj se nalazi. Nepostojanje svijesti o nestvarnosti prostora u kojem se pojedinac nalazi ono je što razlikuje oponašanu stvarnost od one virtualne, što se u semiotici naziva "proširena stvarnost" ili hiperstvarnost (engl. hyper-reality).

Smatra se da bi se, barem na teorijskoj razini, mogla stvoriti pomoću kvantnoga računala. U tomu slučaju, ljudi bi obitavali u toj stvarnosti putem avatara, nestvarnih, izmišljenih likova tj. oponašanih, virtualnih poosobljenja pojedinaca iz stvarnosti. Pretpostavka je i dalje predmet rasprava na brojnim znanstvenim poljima, od filozofije do računarstva. Također je i tematika brojnih djela popularne kulture.

Metafizika
Epistemologija

Oponašana stvarnost


Ronielson da Silva Barbosa (født 11. maj 1995) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Ronielson da Silva Barbosa


Tatköy, Antalya ilinin Korkuteli ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Antalya il merkezine 54 km, Korkuteli ilçesine 6 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

 https://www.nufusune.com/181269-antalya-korkuteli-tatkoy-mahallesi-nufusu

Korkuteli'nin mahalleleri

Tatköy, Korkuteli


Aceasta este o listă de piese de teatru irlandeze în ordine alfabetică:

A
At the Hawk's Well (1916), de William Butler Yeats
 Așteptându-l pe Godot (En attendant Godot, 1952/1953), de Samuel Beckett

B

C
Cathleen ni Houlihan (1902), de William Butler Yeats
 Căsătoria  (Getting Married, 1893/19082), de George Bernard Shaw
 Ce înseamnă să fii onest (1895), de Oscar Wilde
The Countess Cathleen (1911), de W. B. Yeats

D
Diarmuid and Grania (1901), de W. B. Yeats
 Discipolul diavolului (1897) de George Bernard Shaw
Dracula (1927) – piesă de teatru irlandeză de Hamilton Deane și rescrisă de dramaturgul american John L. Balderston; ecranizată în 1931 și 1979

G
 Greșelile unei nopți (She Stoops to Conquer, 1773), de Oliver Goldsmith

L
 Lady Windermere și evantaiul ei (1892), de Oscar Wilde
The Land of Heart's Desire (1894), de W. B. Yeats

M
 Mosada (1886), de W. B. Yeats

P
 Pigmalion (Pigmalion, 1914), de George Bernard Shaw
 Purgatory (1938), de W. B. Yeats
 Profesiunea doamnei Warren (Mrs. Warren's Profession, 1893/1902), de George Bernard Shaw

R
The Resurrection (1927), de W. B. Yeats

S
 Shakes versus Shav (1949), de George Bernard Shaw
 Salome (1891), de Oscar Wilde
 Soțul ideal (1895/1899), de Oscar Wilde

Referințe și note

Vezi și

 Listă de dramaturgi irlandezi

irlandeze

Listă de piese de teatru irlandeze


Planina Yandang (kineski: 雁荡山; pinyin: Yàndàng Shān; doslovno: "Planina jezera divlje guske") je gorje/planina velikog povijesnog i kulturnog značaja za Kineze. Gorje pokriva većinu prefekture Wenzhou u prefekturi Zhejiang, do Wenlinga u prefekturi Taizhou, u pokrajini Henan (Kina) i jedna je od "Pet svetih planina". Gorje dijeli rijeka Oujiang na Sjeverni i Južni Yandang. U užem smislu, Sjeverni Yandang se zove Planinom Yandang jer se nalazi oko drevne kaldere pored istoimenog naselja (雁荡镇, Yàndàng Zhèn). Tu se nalazi i najviši vrh, Baigangjian (百岗尖, Bǎigǎng Jiān, tj. "Mjesto stotinu vrhova") visine 1.150 m. Na njegovom vrhu se nalazi radarska postaja koja je zatvorena za javnost.

Gorje Yandang je nastalo vulkanskom aktivnošću u razdoblju krede prije oko 100-120 milijuna godina. Yandang kaldera ima promjer od 13 km² od čega je sjeveroistočni dio uglavnom uništen kasnijim lokalnim klizištima magmatskih stijena.

Planina Yandang je 2004. god. pretvorena u nacionalni geopark od 450 km² u kojemu se nalazi i Nacionalni park šuma Yandang od 841 hektara.

Ovo područje je znamenito po strmim liticama, vrhovima, obroncima sa šumama i lugovima bambusa, slapovima i špiljama, ali i brojnim svetištima i hramovima od kojih mnogi imaju dugu povijest. Nažalost, većina je uništena u Kulturnoj revoluciji, ali su mnogi i obnovljeni. Takav je i hram Guanyin, budistički hram u blizini slikovitog vrha Lingfenga koji je izgrađen 265. god. Hram je smješten između dvije litice (poznate kao "Vrhovi sklopljenih dlanova") koje su naslonjene jedna na drugu tvoreći 100 m visoku špilju Guanyin. Hram sa svojih 9 katova prati ovu prirodnu špilju, a na najvišem katu je svetište.

Galerija

Izvori

Planine u Kini
Budizam
Geoparkovi

Yandang Shan


Johann Christian Claudius Devaranne (* 8. März 1784 in Hanau; † 20. Juli 1813 in Düsseldorf) war führend im lokalen Widerstand in Solingen gegen napoleonische Truppenaushebungen nach dessen großen Verlusten im Russlandfeldzug.

Familie

Johann Devaranne stammte aus einer Hugenottenfamilie, die in Hanau ansässig war. Sein Vater Peter Devaranne (2. April 1761 – 18. November 1824) war Schlosser und heiratete seine Mutter, Elisabeth Jost (April 1759 – 2. Januar 1813), am 10. März 1783. Johann Devaranne war vermutlich der Älteste von vier Geschwistern: Marianne Karoline Devaranne (* 14. Juni 1788), Christian Heinrich Devaranne (1790 – 25. Oktober 1813) und Johanna Elisabeth Devaranne (6. April 1794 – 16. Juni 1869). Die Familie war Mitglied der Wallonisch-Niederländischen Gemeinde in Hanau.

Johann Devaranne heiratete am 9. März 1805 Katharina Margaretha Friederika Hager. Aus der Ehe gingen fünf Kinder hervor: Auguste Emilie (* 2. Februar 1806), Eduard Julius, Wilhemine Theadora (* 25. August 1807), Albertine Juliane (23. Februar 1810) und Henrietta Augusta (6. Oktober 1811 – 29. Juli 1817).

Es ist nicht bekannt, wann Johann Devaranne nach Solingen zog. Der älteste Beleg dafür, dass er dort ein Eisenwarengeschäft betrieb, stammt vom 1. Dezember 1806. Außerdem betrieb er eine Gastwirtschaft.

Politische Aktivitäten

Als es nach der Niederlage Napoleon I. im Russlandfeldzug zu neuen Truppenaushebungen in Deutschland kam, entstand Widerstand in der Bevölkerung. Johann Devaranne wurde durch die napoleonische Polizei als einer der Rädelsführer im Bereich von Solingen identifiziert, konnte zunächst fliehen und wurde zur Fahndung ausgeschrieben. Ein Kopfgeld von 100 Francs wurde zu seiner Ergreifung ausgesetzt. Seine Haushälterin verriet ihn, so dass er festgenommen wurde. Nach einem Gerichtsverfahren zusammen mit anderen Aufständischen wurde er in Düsseldorf standrechtlich erschossen.

Nachwirkung

In der Verklärung, Vereinnahmung und Instrumentalisierung des anti-napoleonischen Widerstandes wurde zum 120. Jahrestag seiner Erschießung am 23. Juli 1933 eine Gedenkplakette enthüllt. Dabei wurde er in der lokalen Berichterstattung über das Ereignis mit Vorbildern der Nationalsozialisten, wie Albert Leo Schlageter, Horst Wessel und Ferdinand von Schill verglichen. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde die Gedenkplakette demontiert.

Heute erinnert eine Straßenbezeichnung in Solingen-Wald an ihn.

Literatur

 H. Pohl: New Sources about Devaranne
 Herbert Weber: Death Sentence after the "Russian Truncheon Insurgency". Wald Innkeeper Johann C. C. Devaranne was shot as one of the leaders 190 years ago on July 26, 1813

Einzelnachweise

Person (Hanau)
Person (Solingen)
Person in den Koalitionskriegen
Hingerichtete Person (19. Jahrhundert)
Hingerichtete Person (Deutschland in der Franzosenzeit)
Deutscher
Geboren 1784
Mann
Gestorben 1813

Johann Christian Claudius Devaranne


An Stanhopea pozoi in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Dodson ngan David Edward Bennett. An Stanhopea pozoi in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stanhopea, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Stanhopea

Stanhopea pozoi


"Family" (ya da Türkçe adıyla Aile), The WB kanalında yayınlanan, Joss Whedon tarafından oluşturulan bir fantastik dizi olan Buffy the Vampire Slayer televizyon dizisinin beşinci sezonunun altıncı bölümü.

Özet

Scooby Gang, Tara'nın doğumgünü için hazırlıklara başlamıştır. Ancak Tara'nın ailesi onu eve götürmek üzere Sunnydale'e gelir. Tara kesinlikle gitmek istememektedir, fakat babası, kuzeni ve erkek kardeşi, ailenin kadınları üzerindeki lanetin onu 20. doğum gününde bir iblise dönüştürmeden geri dönmesi gerektiğini, annesinin de 20. doğum gününde bir iblise dönüştüğünü söylerler.

Genişletilmiş anlatım
Scooby Gang, Tara'nın doğumgünü için hazırlıklara başlamıştır. Ancak Tara'nın ailesi onu eve götürmek üzere Sunnydale'e gelir. Tara kesinlikle gitmek istememektedir, fakat babası, kuzeni ve erkek kardeşi, ailenin kadınları üzerindeki lanetin onu 20. doğum gününde bir iblise dönüştürmeden geri dönmesi gerektiğini, annesinin de 20. doğum gününde bir iblise dönüştüğünü söylerler.

Bu yüzden Tara iblise dönüştüğünde arkadaşlarının onu görmesini engellemek için bir büyü yapar. Fakat bu büyü, Scooby Gang'in kendilerine saldıran Glory'nin iblis adamlarını görmelerini engeller. O sıralarda orada olan Spike ve Tara sayesinde bu saldırıdan kurtulurlar, Spike iblisleri görebilirken Tara da büyüsünü bozar.

Tam o anda Tara'nın ailesi içeri girer ve Tara'yı götürmeye geldiklerini söylerler. Aralarında oldukça sert bir konuşma geçer. Buffy öne çıkar ve Tara'nın babasına oldukça sert bir şekilde, "Eğer Tara'yı almak istiyorsanız, önce beni geçmeniz gerekir." der ve öne çıkar. Babası şaşırmıştır. "Ne?" diye sorar, Buffy ise "Beni duydun," diye cevap verir. Tara gülümser... Dawn, "Beni de!" der ve Buffy'nin yanına geçer. Xander, Giles ve Spike da aynı şekilde öne çıkarlar. O anda, Tara'nın babası "Siz de kim oluyorsunuz?" diye sorar. Buffy'nin cevabı hem bölümün adını açıklamakta, hem de Scooby Gang arasındaki inanılmaz güçlü arkadaşlık bağını bir kez daha belirtmektedir; "Biz bir aileyiz!"

Sonunda Spike Tara'ya vurur ve canı yanar; yani, Tara insandır. Tara 20 yaşına girmiştir, ancak hala insancıl duyguları vardır, hala canı acımaktadır, yani hala insandır. Yani Tara'nın babasının söylediği lanet, ailenin kadınlarına söylenen bir yalandır.

Devam etmekte olan olaylar

 Tara, 4. sezonda, "Goodbye Iowa" bölümünde Willow ile birlikte yaptıkları, iblislerin yerini belirleme büyüsünü kasten bozmuştu. O zaman bilmesek de, Tara büyüyü bu yalan yüzünden bozmuştu, kendisinin iblis olduğunu sandığı için.
 Glory, artık Buffy'nin kim olduğunu biliyor.

Dış bağlantılar

Buffy the Vampire Slayer (sezon 5) bölümleri
2000 televizyon bölümleri

Family (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)


Poliklinika je zdravstvena ustanova. U njoj se obavlja specijalističko-konzilijarna zdravstvena zaštita, dijagnostika i medicinska rehabilitacija, osim bolničkog liječenja. Može osigurati uvjete za dnevnu bolnicu, ovisno o djelatnostima za koje se osniva. Mora obavljati djelatnost najmanje u dvije ambulante različitih ili istih specijalističkih ili užih specijalističkih djelatnosti odnosno u jednoj ambulanti specijalističke odnosno uže specijalističke djelatnosti i laboratoriju.

Izvori

Zdravstvene ustanove
Građevine

Poliklinika


Þórgils fiskimaðr (m. 1066) fue un escaldo vikingo del , uno de los poetas escandinavos que escribieron sobre Serkland (Califato Abasí). Fue un noruego que luchó en las filas de Olaf II el Santo en la batalla de Stiklestad en 1030. Posteriormente junto a sus dos hijos acompañó a Harald Hardrada en su expedición a Inglaterra, muriendo en la batalla de Stamford Bridge el 25 de septiembre de 1066.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Þórgils fiskimaðr en Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages (en inglés)

Poetas del siglo XI
Escaldos vikingos
Vikingos de Noruega

Þórgils fiskimaðr


Bradshaw Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

* Bradshaw-Haywood Township, im Clay County, Arkansas
 Bradshaw Township (North Carolina)

Bradshaw Township


Die Elstermühle Gorsdorf war eine Mühle an der Schwarzen Elster im Stadtteil Gorsdorf von Jessen (Elster) im deutschen Bundesland Sachsen-Anhalt. Sie gehörte zum Besitz eines Rittergutes und war gleichzeitig eine Erbpachtmühle.

Geschichte und Eigentümer
Im Jahre 1555 wurde Junker Hans von Reysen mit der Mühle belehnt. Nach dessen Tod verwaltete seine Frau Euphemia von Reysen die Mühle bis 1573. Der Kurfürstlich sächsische Rat und Professor Dr. jur. Michael Teuber bekam das Lehen durch Kurfürst August von Sachsen dann im selben Jahr zugesprochen. Im Jahre 1588 wird Hofrat Dr. Andreas Rauchbar durch den damaligen Kurfürsten Christian I. mit dem Rittergut und der Mühle belehnt. Während des Dreißigjährigen Krieges wurde die Mühle zerstört und brannte ab. Den Wiederaufbau als Eigentümer realisierte dann Johann Heinrich von Kuffer, welcher Kurfürstlich sächsischer Oberst und Kommandant der Stadt Wittenberg war. Mit dem beginnenden Flößen von Holz auf der Schwarzen Elster und dem Neugraben wurde auch der Mühlenbetrieb vor Probleme gestellt. So wurde vom damaligen Besitzer der Bau eines neuen Flutgrabens gefordert, um eine Behinderung der Flöße durch die Mühle zu reduzieren. Im Jahr 1801 sind die Rittergutsbesitzer, die Geschwister von Polenz Eigentümer der Mühle. Müllermeister der damaligen Zeit war Karl Gottlieb Rügler, welche seine Pacht an die Eigentümer zurückgab. 1817 erfolgte ein Verkauf an Johann Friedrich Förster, welcher zu diesem Zeitpunkt auch die Mühle in Gerbismühle besaß. 1818 zog dieser nach der Veräußerung seines Eigentums in Gerbismühle nach Gorsdorf. In den nächsten elf Jahren investierte Müllermeister Förster in diverse Baumaßnahmen an Mühle und dem dazugehörigen Grundstück. Dadurch finanziell überfordert kündigt er im damaligen Schweinitzer Kreisblatt die freiwillige Zwangsvollstreckung über die Mühle an. Der Besitz wurde vom zuständigen Gericht 1830 an Johann Friedrich Christian Thieme verkauft. Dieser heiratete 1853 in zweiter Ehe die Tochter des Vorbesitzers. Die aus dieser Ehe hervorgegangene Tochter, Anna Maria Thieme heiratete 1873 Müllermeister Friedrich Richard Hugo Förster aus Dohna, welcher die Mühlengeschäfte übernahm. Der erstgeborene Sohn, Friedrich Hugo Max Förster führte nach dem Tod seines Vaters und dem Erlernen des Müllerhandwerks die Geschäfte ab dem Jahr 1919 weiter.

Aufbau
Die Einrichtung der Mühle wird im Mühlenregulativ von 1772 wie folgt beschrieben: …vier Mahlgänge mit zwei Vorgelegen an zwei Ziehpansterrädern, ein Mahlgang und Hirsestampfen mit einem Vorgelege an einem Ziehpansterrad, eine Schneidemühle sowie eine Ölmühle an einem Ziehpansterrad. Nach der Übernahme der Mühle durch Friedrich Richard Hugo Förster erfolgte der Einbau einer Dampfmaschine für den zusätzlichen Antrieb. Ein genaues Datum hierfür ist nicht belegt. Am 10. September 1919 wurde ein auf den Fundamenten der Dampfmaschine eingebauter Dieselmotor in Betrieb genommen.

Sonstiges
Durch die Regulierung der Schwarzen Elster wurde der Wasserstand so gesenkt, dass die Fundamente der Mühle und der Mühlengebäude, welche auf Pfahlrosten aufgebaut wurden, im Freien lagen und somit dem Verfall ausgesetzt waren. In der Zeit des Zweiten Weltkrieges konnten die aufgetretenen Schäden aus Geldmangel nicht beseitigt werden. Ende April 1945 sprengten sowjetische Truppen eine in der Nähe befindliche Brücke. Dadurch wurden auch die Mühlengebäude stark beschädigt.

Fußnoten und Einzelnachweise

Mühle im Landkreis Wittenberg

Bauwerk in Jessen (Elster)
Wassermühle an der Schwarzen Elster
Wassermühle in Sachsen-Anhalt
Mühle in Europa

Elstermühle Gorsdorf


Yhprum kanunu (İngilizce Yhprum's Law), Murphy Kanunları'nın tersidir (Yhprum = Murphy kelimenin tersi).

Yhprum kanununun basit bir özeti, "Çalışabilen her şey, çalışır." olarak da gösterilebilir.

Ancak Harvard Üniversitesi Siyasi Ekonomi dalın eğitim üyesi Richard Zeckhauser'e göre, "Çalışamayan yapılar (sistemler), yine de bazen çalışıyorlar" bu da "Bozuk saat bile günde iki kez doğruyu gösterir." felsefesinin türevi kabul edilebilir.

Resnick et al. (2004), bu kanunu kullanarak, eBay'deki sıralama (ranking) sistemine katılımın ne kadar özverili ve düzgün bir şekilde işlediğini açıklayabildi.

Genel kurallar

 Bir şeyin olma ihtimali varsa mutlaka olur.
 Çalışabilen her şey, çalışır.
 Çalışamayan sistemler, yine de bazen çalışır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 https://web.archive.org/web/20060903193033/http://ksghome.harvard.edu/%7ERZeckhauser/postcards.pdf

Yhprum Kanunu


Indenfor kvantemekanik, er bra–ket-notation eller Dirac-notation en standard notation til at beskrive kvantetilstande. Bra–ket-notation udgøres af tegnene "⟨", "⟩" og "|". Bra–ket notation kan også anvendes til at beskrive abstrakte vektorer og lineære funktionaler i matematik.

En ket starter med en lodret streg "|"; indeholdende en reference fx "v" - og sluttende med "⟩" - fx "|v⟩". Den er en abstrakt søjlevektor med indgange, der er komplekse tal. En ket beskriver en tilstand af den/de partikler, der er under diskussion.  I den sammenhæng er funktioner også vektorer i et vektorrum (ofte af uendelig mange dimensioner), hvis de opfylder nogle generelle krav (man kan kalde dem fysiske funktioner). Vektorerne danner et komplekst Hilbertrum. Vektorer af forskellig dimension er medlemmer af forskellige Hilbertrum.

For funktioner er normen et integral over et interval af produktet af funktionen med sin Hermitesk konjugerede:

Intervallet kan for fysiske funktioner ofte gå fra negativt uendelig til positivt uendelig idet man ofte forventer at fysiske funktioner forsvinder der - det vil sige at de er matematisk integrable og derved kan regnes på.

Løst sagt kan man sige, at en fysisk funktion, hvis integrale eksisterer, er medlem af et Hilbertrum. Det er fx en forudsætning for, at funktioner kan Fouriertransformeres, Laplacetransformeres, udsættes for Heaviside-operator er og kvanteoperatorer  etc.

En bra skrives som startende med "⟨"; indeholdende en reference, fx "v", og sluttende med "|" - fx "⟨v|" og er den komplekst konjugerede og transponerede af |v⟩. Mens |v⟩ er en søjlevektor, er ⟨v| en rækkevektor; men vektorindgangene er konjugerede. Man bruger for kombinationen af konjugering og transponering tegnet "dagger":

Det indre produkt af to vektorer ⟨v|v⟩ er med til at definere Hilbertrummet og er et reelt talt 0h.  Er fx |v⟩ = a+ib så er ⟨v| = a-ib og ⟨v|v⟩ = a 2 + b 2. Et komplekst tal er en vektor af dimension 1.

Måling som operation angives som M. I egenværdiligningen nedenfor er k egenværdien (resultatet af målingen) og der vil være et antal af kvantetilstande svarende til antallet af egenværdierne, |v⟩ er egenvektoren;

Operatorerne, der er observable, er Hermitiske matricer. Hermiteske matricer har ligesom symmetriske matricer reelle egenværdier (man kan ikke have et komplekst tal som en måleværdi), og de er naturligvis kvadratiske. Til disse definitioner hører nogle postulater for kvantefysikken se fx .

For Hermitiske matricer gælder pr. definition:

Alle egenvektorerne danner en ortogonal basis i deres Hilbertrum (i tilfælde af flere egenvektorer for samme egenværdi er de ikke nødvendigvis ortogonale, men kan gøres ortogonale). Det betyder, at alle tilstande kan beskrives som en sum (superposition) af disse basistilstande - altså:

Normalt normeres basisvektorerne til længden 1, hvilket giver , hvor I er enhedsmatricen for den relevante dimension. Alfaværdierne er amplituden (en betegnelse opfundet af Feynman) af hver basisvektor. Amplituden for at måle  er således:
 sandsynligheden er
I denne terminologi er tilstandene ikke nødvendigvis beskrevet som bølger. Schrödingers bølger er et specialtilfælde.

Baneimpulsmomentet kan defineres ved en operator, som normalt kaldes  i analogi med den klassiske definition. Det er forskelligt fra spinmoment, men opfører sig algebraisk meget på samme måde. Spinmoment og impulsmoment kan adderes til et totalt impulsmoment .  I et plan, hvor rotation er defineret ved en vinkel, er  hvilket giver en løsning til dens egenligning  . Det totale impulsmoment er:

Kommutatorrelationerne er  som er analoge til den klassiske relation hvor kommutatorerne erstattes af Poisson-parenteser og der ingen komplekse værdier eller plancks konstant hbar.

Impulsmomentvektoren kan kvadreres og  dens egenværdier er
,  har heltallige værdier.

Anvendes z-aksen (arbitrært) som reference, bliver egenværdiligning  med egenværdien m. Defineres et par operatorer

finder man at de virker som hæve- og sænkeoperatorer på kvantetilstanden m op eller ned til den maximale værdi .

Kilder/referencer

Kvantemekanik
Lineær algebra
Matematisk notation

Bra-ket-notation


Eng. kratica za Translation lookaside buffer, međuspremnik preslika adresa, memorijski međuspremnik namijenjen poboljšanju izvedaba virtualnih memorijskih sustava.
 Adaptive Transmit Load Balancing, Ethernetsko nakupljanje veza
 .tlb, a datotečni nastavak

TLB


Naoblaka je pokrivenost neba oblacima bez obzira na njihovu vrstu i visinu. U meteorologiji, kada se procijeni koliki je dio neba zastrt oblacima, naoblaka se određuje brojčano: u desetinama (u klimatologiji) ili osminama (za potrebe prognoze vremena). Tako je 0 oznaka za potpuno vedro nebo, a 10 ili 8 znači nebo potpuno zastrto oblacima. Naoblaka je važan čimbenik u toplinskoj bilanci Zemlje: danju sprječava da izravno Sunčevo zračenje dopre do tla, a noću da tlo gubi toplinu. Gledano za cijeli svijet, naoblaka je veća nad morem nego nad kopnom, veća je na južnoj nego na sjevernoj polutki. Najmanja je naoblaka u područjima suptropskih anticiklona. Veća naoblaka u višim zemljopisnim širinama posljedica je razvoja pretežito stratusa, koji prekrivaju velike dijelove neba, dok se u ekvatorskim širinama najčešće razvijaju manji i međusobno razmaknuti kumulusi.

Objašnjenje
U meteorologiji se vizualno ocjenjuje količina i vrsta naoblake, a instrumentalno (i vizualno) visina podnice oblaka te smjer i brzina gibanja oblaka. Tipovi i vrste oblaka određuje se prema definicijama u Atlasu oblaka Svjetske meteorološke organizacije.

Pod naoblakom se podrazumijeva stupanj naoblačenja ili pokrivenost neba oblacima. Naoblaka se izražava u desetinama i bilježi u cijelim brojevima od 0 do 10. Tako na primjer naoblaka 0 znači potpuno vedro nebo, a naoblaka 3 da su tri desetine neba pokrivene oblacima. Za potrebe sinoptičke meteorologije naoblaka se izražava u osminama.

Visina podnice oblaka najčešće se određuje vizualno prema veličini oblačnih elemenata, odnosno prema visokim predmetima i brdima u bližoj i daljoj okolici motritelja. Instrumentalno mjerenje podnice oblaka obuhvaća mjerenje pomoću malih (plafonskih) balona, mjerenje odraza snopa svjetlosti od oblaka i mjerenje radarom. U prvom slučaju mjeri se vrijeme potrebno da balon poznate brzine dizanja (obično 100 m/min) dosegne podnicu oblaka. Telemetri mjere vrijeme dok okomito usmjereni kratkotrajni snop svjetlosti dosegne podnicu oblaka i dok se njegov odraz vrati na osjetljivu fotoćeliju. Najmodernije izvedbe takvih instrumenata koriste se laserskim zrakama, a visina se podnice oblaka registrira na pisalu i pokazuje na digitalnom pokazivalu.

Za mjerenje smjera i brzine gibanja oblaka služe nefoskopi. To su ravna ogledala, promjera 200 milimetara, s ugraviranom podjelom na koncentrične krugove. Mjerenjem pomaka slike dijela oblaka od jednog do drugog kruga u ogledalu ocjenjuje se ne samo smjer gibanja oblaka već i njegova relativna brzina.

Zemljina ravnoteža Sunčevog zračenja

Zemljina ravnoteža Sunčevog zračenja ili bilanca energije zračenja u sustavu Sunca i Zemlje je ravnoteža koja objašnjava da u sustavu atmosfere i Zemlje postoji uravnotežena bilanca Sunčevog zračenja. Kad ne bi bilo prirodne ravnoteže između primitka i gubitka energije zračenja, nastupili bi poremećaji i promjena klime, što bi moglo ugroziti život na Zemlji. U dalekoj prošlosti bilo je velikih promjena klime, kad su nastupila ledena, odnosno međuledena doba, ali uzroci tih promjena nisu se mogli do sada jednoznačno odrediti.

Insolacija

Insolacija je trajanje obasjavanja Suncem (Sunčevo zračenje), osunčanje ili osunčavanje, to jest vrijeme u kojem je neko mjesto na Zemlji izravno ozračeno Sunčevim zrakama. Razlikuje se stvarno osunčavanje, koje ovisi o otvorenosti obzora (horizonta), duljini vidljivoga dijela dana i naoblaci, te astronomski moguće osunčavanje, koje se može izračunati uz pomoć Sunčeve deklinacije i zemljopisne širine promatranoga mjesta. U Hrvatskoj najviše sati osunčavanja imaju mjesta na srednjem i južnom Jadranu (godišnje približno 2 700 sati), dok se prema unutrašnjosti godišnje osunčavanje smanjuje približno do 2 000 sati.  Planinski predjeli su ljeti oblačniji, a zimi vedriji od nizinskih predjela, pa im je i trajanje insolacije različito. Valja napomenuti da godišnja moguća (teorijska) insolacija iznosi od 4 460 sati na jugu do 4 470 sati na sjeveru naše zemlje. To Sunčevo zračenje sadrži najviše od emitirane energije u obliku kratkovalnog zračenja i svjetla. Samo jedan dio kratkovalnog zračenja dospijeva do Zemljine površine, a preostali dio energije se reflektira (albedo), rasipa ili ju upije atmosfera. Dok zračenje površine Zemlje nazivamo dugovalno zračenje Zemlje koja je dugovalna i tamna. Izražava se brojem sati sijanja Sunca nad nekim mjestom tijekom godine.

Raspršenje svjetlosti

Raspršenje svjetlosti, difuzna refleksija ili difuzija svjetlosti je raspršivanje svjetlosti na razne strane.
Pada li svjetlost na hrapavu površinu, nastat će nepravilna refleksija. Svjetlost tu udara na svaki dio plohe pod drugim kutom, pa se odbija u različitim pravcima. Takva je hrapava površina jednako osvijetljena i ne bliješti u očima. Svjetlost koja dolazi kroz prozor u sobu raspršava se na zidovima, pa je cijela soba rasvijetljena, a ne samo dio nasuprot prozoru. Sunčeva se svjetlost raspršava na kapljicama oblaka i magle, pa za oblačnih i maglovitih dana svjetlost dolazi sa svih strana, i predmeti ne bacaju oštre sjene. Uopće, predmeti na koje pada difuzna svjetlost nema oštrih sjena.

Izvori

Klimatologija
Oblaci

Naoblaka


Kadıçayırı, Samsun ilinin Vezirköprü ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Yaklaşık olarak 150 yıllık bir geçmişe sahip olan köy bir Çerkes mahallesidir. Mahallenin adı, bu yörede görev yapan bir kadıya ait çayırlık üzerine kurulması nedeniyle "Kadıçayırı" olmuştur.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 126 km, Vezirköprü ilçesine 18 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
Yerelnet

Vezirköprü'nün mahalleleri

Kadıçayırı, Vezirköprü


Mali deltog første gang i olympiske lege under Sommer-OL 1964 i Tokyo, og har siden deltaget i alle efterfølgende sommerlege undtaget Sommer-OL 1976 i Montréal som de boykottede. De har aldrig deltagt i vinterlege. Mali har aldrig vundet nogen medalje.

Medaljeoversigt

Eksterne henvisninger
 Malis OL-statistik  på Sports-reference.com

Mali ved sommer-OL
OL

Mali ved OL


Karlův Köprüsü (Çekçe: Karlův most), Çekya'nın başkenti Prag'da bulunan Vltava Nehri üzerine kurulmuş olan tarihi köprüdür.

Kral IV. Karl tarafından yaptırılan köprünün mimarı Peter Parler'dir. Yapımı 1357-1400 yılları arasında tamamlanmıştır. 516 m uzunluğunda, 10 m genişliğindeki köprü, günümüzde yaya trafiğine açıktır ve şehrin turistler tarafından en çok ilgi gören yeridir. Yapıldığı dönemde köprü kalesi olarak da kullanılan bir tahkimat olan yapının iki ucunda birer kule yer alır. Köprünün üstünde 30 tane heykel vardır. Aziz John Nepomuk heykeli, en ünlü olanıdır.

Genel bilgi
Yapımına 1357 yılında başlanmış ve 1402 yılında bitirilmiştir. Yapıldığı dönemde Prag şehrinde nehir üzerinde tek köprüdür. 1841 yılına kadar eski şehri Prag Kalesine bağlayan en önemli köprüydü. Köprünün günümüzdeki adından önceki isimleri Kamanny Most ve Prazky Most olmuştur. 1870 yılından beri bugünkü adıyla anılmaktadır. Köprü 515.8 metre uzunluğunda ve 9.5 metre genişliğinde olup 16 adet kemer üzerine oturtulmuştur. Üç köprü kulesi tarafından korunur. İki tanesi Lesser Qarter, üçüncüsü ise eski şehir tarafındadır. Eski şehir tarafındaki kule, dünyada en hayret uyandırıcı Gotik tarzı yapı olarak sık sık vurgulanır. Köprü, yaklaşık 1700 yılında dikilen çoğu Barok stilinde olan 30 heykel ve heykelcik ile dekore edilmektedir. Köprü geceleri özel olarak aydınlatılır. Gündüzleri köprü üzerinde yoğun bir turist trafiğinin yanı sıra ressamlar, seyyar satıcılar bulunur.

Tarihçe

Köprü inşası
Judith Köprüsünün 1342 yılında bir sel baskınında tahrip olmasından sonra yeni bir köprünün yapımı gerekiyordu. Kraliyet gök bilimcileri ve numarolojistleri IV. Karl'a köprü temel taşının konma zamanının 9 Temmuz 1357, sabaha karşı saat 5:31 olması gerektiğini bildirdiler. Bu tarihte esas olan unsur art arda gelen Polindromik sayı dizisidir. Yani 135797531 sayısı soldan sağa artışı ile sağdan sola azalışı ayni sayılarda oluyordu. Sayı 1357 yılı 9 Temmuz'u (7) işaret ediyordu. Kasaba köprü kulesini sembolize ediyordu. Yapı Alman mimar Peter Parler Taş blokların birbirlerine daha sağlam bir şekilde bağlanması için ara boşluklara konulan harcın yumurta ile zenginleştirildiği söylenir. Bu söylentinin doğrulanmamasına rağmen, modern laboratuvarlarda yapılan testler karışım içinde organik ve inorganik madde olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Bir dönem köprü yapımını desteklemek için de geçiş parası alınmıştır.

Galeri

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
Köprü kalesi

Vltava
Prag'daki yapılar
Köprü
Çekya'daki köprüler
15. yüzyılda tamamlanan köprüler
1400'lerde tamamlanan yapılar

Karl Köprüsü


(27960) Dobiáš, denumire internațională (27960) Dobias, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
27960 Dobiáš este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul din Ondřejov de Lenka Šarounová. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,69 ua, o excentricitate de 0,17 și o înclinație de 12,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 27001-28000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1997
Centura de asteroizi

27960 Dobiáš


Hvarsku nogometnu ligu, također i pod nazivom "3. županijska nogometna liga Splitsko-dalmatinska – Hvarska liga", "3. županijska nogometna liga Splitsko-dalmatinska – Hvar", "Liga otoka Hvara", "Forska liga",  predstavlja ligu šestu stupnja hrvatskog nogometnog prvenstva, odnosno treći stupanj nogometne lige u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji za sezonu 2021./22.
Sudjelovalo je 10 klubova, a ligu je osvojio "Hvar".

Sustav natjecanja
Deset klubova igra dvokružnim ligaškim sustavom (18 kola).

Sudionici
 Hvar – Hvar
 Jadran – Stari Grad
 Jelsa – Jelsa
 Levanda – Velo Grablje, Hvar
 Mladost – Sućuraj
 Sloga – Dol, Stari Grad
 SOŠK – Svirče, Jelsa
 Varbonj – Vrbanj, Stari Grad
 Vatra – Poljica, Jelsa
 Vrisnik – Vrisnik, Jelsa

Ljestvica

Rezultati
'' Ažurirano: 22. srpnja 2022.

Najbolji strijelci
Izvori:

Strijelci 10 i više pogodaka:

Povezani članci
 Hvarska nogometna liga
 1. ŽNL Splitsko-dalmatinska 2021./22.
 2. ŽNL Splitsko-dalmatinska 2021./22.

Vanjske poveznice
 Nogometni savez Županije Splitsko-dalmatinske
 hnkhajduk.com/forum, Forska Liga, forum o Hvarskoj nogometnoj ligi
 nszsd.hr, 3. Županijska Nogometna Liga – HEP
 dalmatinskinogomet.hr

Izvori

 nszsd.hr, Balun" – Službeni glasnik NSŽSD
 dalmatinskinogomet.hr, ''SPLITSKO-DALMATINSKA ŽNL / 3. ŽNL Hvar (2021./22.), pristupljeno 15. srpnja 2022.
  rsssf.com, Croatia 2021/22, Seventh Level
 nszsd.hr, "Balun" – službeno glasilo NSŽSD, broj 12/2022, objavljeno 24. ožujka 2022. (3. ŽNl – 18. kolo – rezultati, ljestvica, popis strijelaca), preuzeto 15. srpnja 2022.
  sofascore.com, 3. ŽNL Hvarska liga, pristupljeno 15. srpnja 2022.
  tipsscore.com, 3. ŽNL Hvarska liga – 2021-2022, pristupljeno 15. srpnja 2022.

2021-22
splitsko-dalmatinska-3-Hvar

Hvarska nogometna liga 2021./22.


غايزل  هي مدينة في جمهورية أوسيتيا الشمالية - ألانيا في روسيا.

وهي تبعد مسافة 12 كلم عن مركز مدينة فلادي قفقاز والان بعد امتداد العمران تكاد تلتصق با الأحياء السكنية الجديدة كما يوجد فيها نهر صغير باسم غيز-ايل وهي على الطريق المؤدية لمدينة آلاغير وتبعد عنها مسافة 30كلم تقريبا.

مراجع

مدن أوسيتيا الشمالية - ألانيا

غايزل (ألانيجا)


Çayırlı, Adıyaman - Adıyaman ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çayırlı, Gölbaşı - Ankara ili Gölbaşı ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çayırlı, Sason - Batman ili Sason ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çayırlı, Mutki - Bitlis ili Mutki ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çayırlı, Yenişehir - Bursa ili Yenişehir ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çayırlı - Erzincan ili ilçesi
 Çayırlı, Çukurca - Hakkâri ili Çukurca ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çayırlı, Tire - İzmir ili Tire ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çayırlı, Daday - Kastamonu ili Daday ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çayırlı, Kırklareli - Kırklareli ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çayırlı, Arguvan - Malatya ili Arguvan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çayırlı, Midyat - Mardin ili Midyat ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çayırlı, Kalkandere - Rize ili Kalkandere ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çayırlı, Kavak - Samsun ili Kavak ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çayırlı, Kurtalan - Siirt ili Kurtalan ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çayırlı, Ereğli - Zonguldak ili Karadeniz Ereğli ilçesine bağlı köy

Çayırlı (anlam ayrımı)


Willi "Willes" Meßmer (* 21. Mai 1926) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Leben
Der Abwehrspieler spielte bereits in der Jugend für den SSV Reutlingen 05, für den er nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg zunächst in der Oberliga Südwest antrat. In der Oberligaspielzeit 1949/50 erreichte Willi Meßmer mit dem SSV in der Gruppe Süd der Oberliga Südwest die Staffelmeisterschaft und im Anschluss nach einer Niederlage im Endspiel der südwestdeutschen Meisterschaftsendrunde gegen den 1. FC Kaiserslautern die südwestdeutsche Vizemeisterschaft. Bei der 0:1-Niederlage des SSV Reutlingen in der Verlängerung des Achtelfinalspiels der Endrunde um die deutsche Meisterschaft 1950 gegen Preußen Dellbrück spielte Meßmer über die volle Spieldistanz. Wegen eines Verbandswechsels der Reutlinger spielte Willi Meßmer mit dem SSV Reutlingen in der Saison 1950/51 in der Oberliga Süd. Diese Spielzeit endete für Meßmer und seine Reutlinger mit dem Abstieg in die II. Division. In der Saison 1953/54 stieg er mit seiner Mannschaft wieder in die Oberliga Süd auf. Im letzten Heimspiel des SSV Reutlingen in der Oberligasaison 1954/55 am 24. April 1955 gegen den BC Augsburg übernahm Meßmer kurz vor der Halbzeit die Position des Torhüters Heiner Schober, der sich den Arm gebrochen hatte. Bei dem 1:0-Heimsieg des SSV Reutlingen in diesem Spiel kassierte Meßmer kein Gegentor. Zum Saisonende 1954/55 erreichte Willi Meßmer mit dem SSV die Vizemeisterschaft in der Oberliga Süd. Darauf scheiterte Meßmer mit den Reutlingern in der Qualifikationsrunde der Endrunde um die deutsche Meisterschaft 1955 durch zwei Niederlagen gegen den SV Sodingen und Wormatia Worms, bei denen Willi Meßmer jeweils für den SSV Reutlingen eingesetzt wurde. Die folgende Oberligasaison 1955/56 schloss er mit dem SSV auf einem Abstiegsplatz ab.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (SSV Reutlingen 05)
Deutscher
Geboren 1926
Mann

Willi Meßmer


An Spathiphyllum dressleri in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Bernard Croat ngan F.Cardona. An Spathiphyllum dressleri in nahilalakip ha genus nga Spathiphyllum, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Panamá. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Spathiphyllum

Spathiphyllum dressleri


Marty Friedman, (okunuşu, Marti Fri:dmın, d. 8 Aralık 1962), başlıca iki grupta gitar çalmış olan gitar virtüözü.

Friedman gitar çalmayı ağırlıklı olarak kendi kendine öğrenmiştir. Müzisyen; karakteristiği olan ve Doğu ile Batı müziğinin elementlerini bir araya getirerek yarattığı kendine has Thrash metal ve Neo-klasik stille ünlüdür. 30. yılına yaklaşan kariyerinde birkaç grupta gitar çalmıştır ama bunların iki tanesiyle sesini duyurmuştur. Bunlardan biri 23 yaşında kurmuş olduğu Cacophony'dir. Grupta yetenekli genç gitarist Jason Becker'la çalışmış ve kendisiyle beraber kontrpuan ve iki gitarlı armoninin ağırlıklı olduğu eserler bestelemiştir. Bu grup dağıldıktan sonra ise Dave Mustaine'in isteğiyle Megadeth'e katılıp grubun ikinci lead gitaristi olmuştur.

Deuce, Marty'nin ilk grubudur ve bu grupla ilgili herhangi bir kayıt veya bilgi yoktur. Ardından Hawaii isimli bir gruba katılıp 1983'te ilk resmî albümü olan One Nation Underground'u çıkarmıştır. Hawaii ile ilk konser deneyimini Honolulu'da Deep Purple'ın açılış grubu olarak gerçekleştirmiştir. Ardından 1984'te Loud, Wild And Heavy EP'si yayımlandı, 1985'te ise The Natives Are Restless çıktı. Marty, Jason Becker ile Cacophony grubunu kurdu. 1987'de Marty'nin en önemli albümlerinden biri olan Speed Metal Symphony çıktı. Speed Metal Symphony, thrash metalin progresif, çizgi dışı ve senfonik yönünü gösteren bir albümdür. Baştan sona sert, hızlı, agresif bir yapıttır. Marty, aynı zamanda bu albümün prodüksiyonunu da üstlenir. Savage, The Ninja, Desert Island ve Speed Metal Symphony albümün önde gelen parçalarıdır. Cacophony, ahenksiz ses karmaşası anlamına gelen sözlük anlamının tersine thrash ve speed metal'in progressive, çok sesli ve harmonik uygulanışının iyi bir örneğidir. Sert ve hırçın vokaller barındırır. 1988'de Jason Becker'la yollarını bir süre için ayıran Marty, daha melodik bir albüm olan Dragon Kiss'i çıkarır. Evil Thrill ve Dragon Mistress, albümün önde gelen şarkılarıdır.

1989'da Jason Becker'la yeniden birleşir ve Cacophony'nin Go Off albümü çıkar. 1990'da Jason Becker amyotrofik lateral skleroz isimli hastalığı nedeniyle müziği bırakır, Cacophony dağılır. Bu sırada Megadeth, Jeff Young'ın boşluğunu doldurmak için gitarist aramaktadır. 1990'da Marty Friedman'ın Megadeth'e girmesiyle bu boşluk doldurulur. 1990'da Clash Of The Titans turnesine Slayer ve Anthrax'la çıkarlar. 1992'de bir başka Megadeth klasiği olan Countdown To Extinction çıkar.

Özellikle Cacophony grubundayken bestelediği şarkılar Barok dönemi klasik eserlerinin tadında olup orijinaline uygun olarak dakikada 200 metronom hızında çalınması için kişinin virtüöz seviyesinde olmasını gerektirecek kadar zordur.

2004 yılından beri Japonya'da yaşamaktadır.

2011 yılında Bad D.N.A turnesi kapsamında İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir'de konserler vermiştir.

Ekipman

Friedman, Megadeth zamanında uzun yıllar Jackson firması tarafından, kendi isteklerine göre üretilmiş ve kendisiyle özdeşleşmiş olan ve Japonya üretimi olan "Jackson Kelly Pro" kullanmıştır. Daha sonra da Jackson firması ABD üretimi olan "KE1" modelini üretmiştir. Bu modelin Tune O Matic veya Floyd Rose köprülü olan çeşitli varyasyonları da mevcuttur. Birçok konserde "RR1" ve "RR1T" modellerini de kullanmıştır. Marty şu sıralarda Jackson 'ın Monarkh modelini kullanmaktadır.

Diskografi
Hawaii
 Made In Hawaii (EP) (as Vixen) (1983)
 One Nation Underground (1983)
 Loud, Wild And Heavy (EP) (1984)
 The Natives Are Restless (1985)
Cacophony
 Speed Metal Symphony (1987)
 Go Off! (1988)
Megadeth
 Rust in Peace (1990)
 Countdown to Extinction (1992)
 Youthanasia (1994)
 Hidden Treasures (EP) (1995)
 Cryptic Writings (1997)
 Cryptic Sounds - No Voices in Your Head (EP) (1998)
 Risk (albüm) (1999)
Solo
 Dragon's Kiss (1988)
 Scenes (1992)
 Introduction (1995)
 True Obsessions (1996)
 Music For Speeding (2003)
 Loudspeaker (2006)
 Future Addict (2008)
 Tokyo Jukebox (2009)
 Bad D.N.A. (2010)
 Inferno (2014)

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmî site

1962 doğumlular
Amerikalı erkek gitaristler
Yahudi asıllı Amerikalılar
Megadeth üyeleri
Japonya'daki Amerikalı gurbetçiler
Amerikalı heavy metal gitaristler
Solo gitaristler
Yaşayan insanlar

Marty Friedman


Salix flabellaris es una especie de sauce perteneciente a la familia de las salicáceas. Es nativa de Asia.

Descripción
Es un arbusto enano, que alcanza un tamaño de hasta 15 cm de altura, las ramas procumbentes, glabras. Las hojas, pecioladas, con las láminas elípticas, obovado o suborbiculares, agudas u obtusas, crenadas o márgenes serrados. Florece después de la aparición de las hojas. El amento masculino de 10-45 mm de largo y el femenino similar al masculino. El fruto es una cápsula ± sésil, ovada.

Distribución
Se encuentra en Pakistán (Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Karakoram, Gilgit), Cachemira, India (Tehri-Garhwal), Nepal, Bután, Sikkim y China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan)

Taxonomía
Salix flabellaris fue descrita por Nils Johan Andersson y publicado en Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 4: 54, en el año 1860.
Etimología
Salix: nombre genérico latino para el sauce, sus ramas y madera.

flabellaris: epíteto latino que significa "como un abanico".

Referencias

flabellaris
Flora de Asia central
Plantas descritas en 1860
Plantas descritas por Andersson

Salix flabellaris


Gradsko-kotarska nogometna liga Rijeka, također i pod nazivima Kotarsko nogometno prvenstvo Rijeke, Riječka zona, Zonska liga Rijeka  je bila liga četvrtog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1955./56.
Sudjelovalo je ukupno 12 klubova, a prvak je bio "Borac" iz Bakra.

Ljestvica
{| class="wikitable"
!mj. !!klub !!ut. !!pob. !!ner. !!por. !!gol+ !!gol- !!bod
|- bgcolor="gold"
|1. ||Borac Bakar ||19 ||16 ||2 ||1 ||62 ||15 ||34
|-
|2. ||Klana ||19 ||14 ||1 ||4 ||47 ||26 ||29
|-
|3. ||Vinodol Novi Vinodolski ||19 ||9 ||5 ||5 ||43 ||29 ||32
|-
|4. ||Viktor Lenac Rijeka ||19 ||9 ||4 ||6 ||50 ||29 ||22
|-
|5. ||Primorac Šmrika ||19 ||6 ||7 ||6 ||36 ||37 ||19
|-
|6. ||Pomorac Kostrena ||19 ||9 ||1 ||9 ||37 ||41 ||19
|-
|7. ||Lučki radnik Rijeka ||19 ||7 ||4 ||8 ||47 ||45 ||18
|-
|8. ||Primorje Krasica ||19 ||5 ||3 ||11 ||44 ||53 ||13
|-
|9. ||Svjetlost Rijeka ||19 ||3 ||2 ||14 ||26 ||68 ||8
|-
|10. ||Grobničan (Cernik – Čavle) ||19 ||2 ||1 ||16 ||17 ||79 ||5
|-
| ||3. maj Rijeka ||10 ||4 ||2 ||4 ||18 ||18 ||
|-
| ||Pionir Rijeka ||colspan="7" align="center"|<small> odustaki početkom sezone
|}
 "Vinodol" u prvom dijelu igrao pod nazivom "Asfalt"
 "3. maj" odustao u drugom dijelu sezone
 "Pionir"'' odustao početkom prvenstva

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Podsavezna liga Rijeka 1955./56.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Niko Cvjetković: "SD "Borac" Bakar : 1920-1990.", Bakar, 1990., UDK:796(497.13 Bakar)"1920/1990", str. 151-155
 Oskar Valenčić, Slavko Gržinić: Zlatni pir Nogometnog kluba "Klana" : [1931-1981], Rijeka, 1981., UDK: 796.332::061.2(497.13 Klana)"1931/1981", str. 69-70

1955-56 Rijeka-2
Rijeka
1955-56 Rijeka

Gradsko-kotarska nogometna liga Rijeka 1955./56.


An Scleria erythrorrhiza in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley. An Scleria erythrorrhiza in nahilalakip ha genus nga Scleria, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Scleria

Scleria erythrorrhiza


Adalberto Carrasquilla, né le  à Panama, est un footballeur international panaméen. Il joue au poste de milieu de terrain au Dynamo de Houston en MLS.

Biographie

En club
Il fait ses débuts au Tauro FC au Panama le  lors d'une défaite en championnat contre le Deportivo Árabe Unido (1-0). Il marque son premier but le  lors d'une victoire (2-1) contre le même adversaire.

En 2018, il atteint avec cette équipe les quarts de finale de la Ligue des champions de la CONCACAF, en étant battu par le Club América.

Le , il est prêté au FC Cartagena qui joue en troisième division espagnole. Il joue son premier match le  lors de la victoire (1-0) face à l'Atlético Sanluqueño. Le , le club lève l'option d'achat en payant la somme de  euros et s'engage jusqu'en 2025. Le club de Cartagene accède à la deuxième division après huit saisons au troisième échelon. Il marque son premier but le , contre l'UD Las Palmas (victoire 3-0).

Le , il est prêté au Dynamo de Houston. Il joue son premier match deux jours après, en entrant au cours du match perdu (2-0) contre Minnesota United. Il inscrit son premier but contre ce même adversaire le , mais ne peut toutefois empêcher la défaite de son équipe, 1-2. Neuf mois plus tard, le , il s'engage pour un contrat de deux ans et demi après que Houston ait levé l'option d'achat assortie à son prêt.

En sélection
Avec les moins de 20 ans, il participe à la Coupe du monde des moins de 20 ans en 2015. Lors du mondial junior organisé en Nouvelle-Zélande, il ne joue aucun match. Avec un bilan d'un nul et deux défaites, le Panama est éliminé dès le premier tour. Par la suite, en 2017, il dispute le championnat de la CONCACAF des moins de 20 ans qui se déroule au Costa Rica. Lors de cette compétition, il joue trois matchs.

Avec les moins de 23 ans, il participe au Jeux panaméricains de 2019. Lors de cette compétition organisée à Lima au Pérou, il joue quatre matchs. Il inscrit un but contre la Jamaïque lors du match de classement pour la cinquième place.

Il reçoit sa première sélection en équipe du Panama le , contre Trinité-et-Tobago (victoire 0-1).

Le , il figure dans une pré-liste de trente-cinq joueurs en vue de la Coupe du monde 2018, mais il n'est finalement pas retenu dans la liste définitive des 23 joueurs.

Le , il inscrit son premier but en équipe nationale, contre les Bermudes. Ce match gagné 1-4 rentre dans le cadre de la Ligue des nations de la CONCACAF 2019-2020.

Le , il est convoqué par le sélectionneur Thomas Christiansen afin de participer à la Gold Cup 2021 organisée aux États-Unis. Lors de cette compétition, il joue trois matchs. Il délivre une passe décisive contre Grenade. Malgré un bilan honorable d'une victoire, un nul et une défaite, le Panama est éliminé dès le premier tour.

Palmarès
 Tauro FC
 Championnat du Panama (2) :
 Champion : 2017 (Clôture) et 2018 (Ouverture).

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur international panaméen
Joueur du Tauro FC
Joueur du FC Cartagena
Joueur du Dynamo de Houston
Naissance à Panama (ville)
Naissance en novembre 1998

Adalberto Carrasquilla


The Mediterranean diet is a diet inspired by the eating habits and traditional food typical of southern Spain, southern Italy, and Crete, and formulated in the early 1960s. It is distinct from Mediterranean cuisine, which covers the actual cuisines of the Mediterranean countries. While inspired by a specific time and place, the "Mediterranean diet" was later refined based on the results of multiple scientific studies.

The principal aspects of this diet include proportionally high consumption of unprocessed cereals, legumes, olive oil, fruits, and vegetables, and moderate consumption of fish, dairy products (mostly cheese and yogurt), and meat products. Olive oil has been studied as a potential health factor for reducing all-cause mortality and the risk of chronic diseases.

The Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in observational studies. In 2017, the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition published evidence that the Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of heart disease and early death. The Mediterranean diet may help with weight loss in obese people. The Mediterranean diet is one of three healthy diets recommended in the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, along with the DASH diet and vegetarian diet. The Mediterranean and DASH diets are two of the main sources for the MIND diet recommendations.

The Mediterranean diet as a nutritional recommendation, that is, as a particular set of foods, is different from the cultural practices that UNESCO listed in 2010 under the heading "Mediterranean diet" on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity: "a set of skills, knowledge, rituals, symbols and traditions concerning crops, harvesting, fishing, animal husbandry, conservation, processing, cooking, and particularly the sharing and consumption of food".

Health effects

A 2017 review found evidence that practice of a Mediterranean diet could lead to a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, overall cancer incidence, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and early death. A 2018 review showed that practice of the Mediterranean diet may improve overall health status, such as reduced risk of non-infectious diseases, reduced total costs of living, and reduced costs for national healthcare. A 2016 review found similar weight loss as other diets. A 2019 Cochrane review found that there is still uncertainty regarding the effects of Mediterranean‐style diet advice on cardiovascular disease occurrence and risk factors in people both with and without cardiovascular disease already.

The US 2015–2020 national guidelines devised a "Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern", assessed against and mirroring the Mediterranean diet patterns and its positive health outcomes. It was designed from the "Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern", but it contains more fruits and seafood, and less dairy. In the 2020s, research on the Mediterranean diet indicates that a Mediterranean diet may contribute to health.

Cardiovascular disease
The Mediterranean diet is included among dietary patterns that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. A 2013 Cochrane review found limited evidence that a Mediterranean diet favorably affects cardiovascular risk factors.  A 2013 meta-analysis compared Mediterranean, vegan, vegetarian, low-glycemic index, low-carbohydrate, high-fiber, and high-protein diets with control diets. The research concluded that Mediterranean, low-carbohydrate, low-glycemic index, and high-protein diets are effective in improving markers of risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, while there was limited evidence for an effect of vegetarian diets on glycemic control and lipid levels unrelated to weight loss. However, more cautious reviews arose in early 2016, raising concerns about the quality of previous systematic reviews examining the impact of a Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk factors. These reviews insisted upon the need for further standardized research, stating that the evidence for possible prevention of cardiovascular disease by the diet was "limited and highly variable". Reviews in 2016-17 reached similar conclusions about the ability of a Mediterranean diet to improve cardiovascular risk factors, such as lowering the risk for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.

The Mediterranean diet is low in saturated fat with high amounts of monounsaturated fat and dietary fiber. One possible factor is the potential health effects of olive oil in the Mediterranean diet. Olive oil contains monounsaturated fats, most notably oleic acid, which is under clinical research for its potential health benefits. The European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies approved health claims on olive oil, for protection by its polyphenols against oxidation of blood lipids and for the contribution to the maintenance of normal blood LDL-cholesterol levels by replacing saturated fats in the diet with oleic acid (Commission Regulation (EU) 432/2012 of 16 May 2012). A 2014 meta-analysis concluded that an elevated consumption of olive oil is associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and stroke, while monounsaturated fatty acids of mixed animal and plant origin showed no significant effects. The American Heart Association discussed the Mediterranean diet as a healthy dietary pattern that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

A 2023 review found evidence for a reduction of mortality and cardiovascular disease risk in women on a Mediterranean-type diet.

Diabetes
In 2014, two meta-analyses found that the Mediterranean diet was associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes, findings similar to those of a 2017 review. The American Diabetes Association and a 2019 review indicated that the Mediterranean diet is a healthy dietary pattern that may reduce the risk of diabetes.

Cancer
A meta-analysis in 2008 found that strictly following the Mediterranean diet was correlated with a decreased risk of dying from cancer by 6%. Another 2014 review found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a decreased risk of death from cancer. A 2017 review found a decreased rate of cancer, though evidence was weak. An updated review in 2021 found that the Mediterranean diet is associated with a 13% lower risk of cancer mortality in the general population.

Weight loss in obesity
Overweight adults who adopt Mediterranean diets may lose weight by consuming fewer calories.
A 2019 review found that the Mediterranean diet may help obese people lower the quantity and improve the nutritional quality of food intake, with an overall effect of possibly losing body weight.

Cognitive ability
A 2016 systematic review found a relation between greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet and better cognitive performance; it is unclear if the relationship is causal.

According to a 2013 systematic review, greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet is correlated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and slower cognitive decline. Another 2013 systematic review reached similar conclusions, and also found a negative association with the risk of progressing from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's, but acknowledged that only a small number of studies had been done on the topic.

Major depressive disorder
There is a correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and a lower risk of depression.  Studies on which these correlations are made are observational and do not prove cause and effect.

Gluten
As the Mediterranean diet usually includes products containing gluten like pasta and bread, increasing use of the diet may have contributed to the growing rate of gluten-related disorders.

Dietary components

There are variations of the "Mediterranean diets" in different countries and among the individual populations of the Mediterranean basin, due to ethnic, cultural, economic and religious diversities. The "Mediterranean diet" as defined by dietitians generally includes the following components, which are not typical of diets in the Mediterranean Basin:
 High intakes of olive oil (as the principal source of fat), vegetables (including leafy green vegetables, onions, garlic, tomatoes, and peppers), fresh fruits (consumed as desserts or snacks), cereals (mostly whole grains), nuts, and legumes.
 Moderate intakes of fish and other seafood, poultry, eggs, dairy products (primarily cheese and yogurt), and red wine.
 Low intakes of red meat, processed meat, refined carbohydrates, and sweets.

These proportions are sometimes represented in the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid. In a diet with roughly this composition, the fat content accounts for 25% to 35% of the total intake of calories, while the amount of saturated fat is, at most, 8% of the calorie content.

In contrast to the dietary recommendation, olive oil is not the staple fat in much of the Mediterranean basin: in northern and central Italy, lard and butter are commonly used in cooking, and olive oil is reserved for dressing salads and cooked vegetables; in both North Africa and the Middle East, sheep's tail fat and rendered butter (samna) are traditional staple fats.

Environmental effects

Consuming a Mediterranean diet or plant-based diet may contribute to improving environmental and agricultural sustainability, possibly due to lower use of dairy products, ruminant meat, and ultra-processed foods. The environmental impact and amount of energy needed to feed livestock exceeds its nutritional value. In a 2014 lifecycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions, researchers found that a Mediterranean-like diet may reduce food production emissions below those of an omnivorous diet for 2050, with a per capita reduction of 30%.

History and research
The concept of Mediterranean diet was first publicized in 1975 by the American biologist Ancel Keys and chemist Margaret Keys (a husband and wife team), but failed to gain widespread recognition until the 1990s.

Objective data showing that the Mediterranean diet is healthy originated from results of epidemiological studies in Calabria, Naples and Madrid, confirmed later by the Seven Countries Study first published in 1970, and a book-length report in 1980.

The most commonly understood version of the Mediterranean diet was presented by, among others, Walter Willett and colleagues of the Harvard University School of Public Health since the mid-1990s. The Mediterranean diet is based on a paradox: although the people living in Mediterranean countries tend to consume relatively high amounts of fat, they have far lower rates of cardiovascular disease than in countries like the United States where similar levels of fat consumption are found. A parallel phenomenon is known as the French paradox. By 2011, the Mediterranean diet was included by some authors as a fad diet promoted for losing weight.

Since about 2016, the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association have recommended the Mediterranean diet as a healthy dietary pattern that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, respectively. The United Kingdom's National Health Service also recommends a Mediterranean diet to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

In 2018, the European Journal of Public Health questioned the value of the traditional Mediterranean diet due to homogenization of dietary choices and food products in the global economy. Despite this, clinical research activity remained high, with favorable outcomes reported for various disease conditions, such as metabolic syndrome.

See also

 Cretan cuisine
 Mediterranean cuisine
 List of diets
 Mediterranean Diet Foundation
 Health effects of wine
 Sustainable diet
 Ikaria Study

References

External links

Diets
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Sustainable food system

Mediterranean diet


Gotfrid II. od Villehardouina (fra. Geoffroy II de Villehardouin, grč. Γοδεφρείδος Β΄ Βιλλεαρδουίνος) bio je treći knez (princ) Ahaje u srednjovjekovnoj Grčkoj.

Bio je sin i imenjak kneza Gotfrida I. od Villehardouina i njegove supruge, gospe Elizabete. Imao je brata Vilima. Njegov je otac preuzeo kontrolu nad velikim dijelom poluotoka Peloponeza (Morea) te je postao knez Ahaje nakon smrti kneza Vilima I. Gotfrid I. je pozvao svoju ženu i sina Gotfrida iz Šampanje u Grčku. Rezidencije obitelji bili su dvorci u Sparti i Kalamati.

Godine 1217. mladi Gotfrid II. je oženio Agnezu (Agnès), kćer Petra II. od Courtenaya.

Gotfrid je imao oko 35 godina kad je naslijedio oca te je na svom dvoru uvijek držao 80 vitezova. Njegova je vladavina započela u vrlo nemirno doba u Grčkoj, premda je Gotfrid bio utjecajna i moćna osoba te je zapamćen kao pravedan i mudar.

Njegov šogor, Balduin II. od Courtenaya, dao mu je otok Eubeju.

Gotfrid je umro 1246. godine te je pokopan u crkvi svetog Jakova u Andravidi (grč. Ανδραβίδα). Naslijedio ga je mlađi brat.

Poveznice
Izabela, Gotfridova nećakinja
Margareta, Gotfridova nećakinja

Izvori

Grčko plemstvo

Gotfrid II. od Villehardouina


Wolf Gruber (* 19. April 1969 in Pöchlarn) ist ein österreichischer Kabarettist, Moderator und Schauspieler.

Leben
Aufgewachsen in  Pöchlarn in Niederösterreich, entdeckte Gruber seine Liebe zur deutschen Sprache und seine besondere Sprachbegabung.
Mit  spitzer Zunge und  ausgeprägtem Zynismus erarbeitete er sich Ende der 1990er-Jahre eine  Fangemeinde als Moderator der Vormittagsshow beim oberösterreichischen Privatradiosender "92,6", die er sehr wortwitzig gestaltete.

Seine außergewöhnliche, sonore Stimme verschaffte ihm 1998 eine Hauptrolle in der Musicalproduktion "Der Mann von La Mancha", wo er an der Seite von Franz Suhrada spielte.

Im selben Jahr gründete Wolf Gruber die Kabarettgruppe DIE MÄNNER, wo er gemeinsam mit Alexander Barbier und Manfred Riegler mit den Programmen "Der PS-Report" und "Studenten ohne Zensur" auftrat.

2001 wechselte er zu Life Radio, von wo er sich 2 Jahre später nach über 800 Radiosendungen  hauptberuflich Richtung Bühne verabschiedete. 2002 begann er nach dem Ausstieg von Riegler und Barbier die gemeinsame kabarettistische Arbeit mit seinem  Partner Max Mayerhofer. Mit Programmen wie "Flotter Dreier", "Zügellos", "Sex, Drugs & Sanostol" und dem aktuellen Stück "GENTLEMANIA" agierten DIE MÄNNER bissig und vor allem wortwitzig und erinnern mit ihren Doppelconférencen an ihre Vorbilder Farkas und Waldbrunn.

2003 brachte Wolf Gruber sein erstes Solo-Kabarettprogramm "Vorsicht bissig" auf die Bühne.

2004 kreierte er gemeinsam mit Max Mayerhofer das  EU-Englisch  "EULISH". 2005 wurde er mit der Moderation von Galaabenden betraut. 2008 brachte er mit Max Mayerhofer das Buch "Sex, Drugs & Sanostol" auf den österreichischen und deutschen Büchermarkt.

2009 bekam er seine erste Hauptrolle in einem Kinofilm: "17 Minuten". Dort spielte er unter der Regie von Jürgen Adelmann einen Meister der Manipulation. 2010 wurde Gruber der "Spaßvogel" der Ybbsiade verliehen.
Im selben Jahr bekam Gruber auch  erste TV-Rollen. Neben "Bad Männers" – einer Kurz-Sketch-Comedy – moderierte er auch eineinhalb Jahre  die Sendung "HOT SPOTT" auf ServusTV, wo er u. a. mit Ottfried Fischer oder auch Joesi Prokopetz vor der Kamera stand. 2011 wurde er mit dem Kurzprogramm "EULISH" von Monika Gruber, Bruno Jonas und Rick Kavanian als Gast in die erste Folge der Comedyserie "KLUG-SCHEISSER & Co." eingeladen. 2012 begann er neue Projekte: Neben der Hunde-Comedy-Show – wo er gemeinsam mit Bernhard Kainz auftrat – agierte Gruber auch wieder als Solokabarettist mit seinem neuen Programm "Bettgeflüster". Hier werden seine Erlebnisse als Nachbar von Josef Fritzl (Gruber wohnte mehrere Jahre direkt neben dem Amstettner Inzestvater) ebenso verarbeitet, wie seine Denkansätze für ein neues Marketingkonzept für die katholische Kirche.

Seit 2017 ist Wolf Gruber mit seinem Soloprogramm "Das Adam und Eva Prinzip – Was Frauen über Männer wissen sollten..." unterwegs und beschäftigt sich mit den genetischen Differenzen zwischen Mann und Frau und den daraus resultierenden Unterschieden in vielen Bereichen. Warum müssen sich Männer zum Beispiel immer alles aufschreiben, zu allem motiviert werden und ständig übertreiben? Warum legen Frauen so großen Wert auf Romantik, nörgeln öfter und tratschen gerne?

2018 brachte er ein neuartiges Motivations-Kabarett auf die Bühne und verbindet einen Motivationsvortrag mit einem Kabarett-Programm. Er motiviert hierbei speziell Mitarbeiter von Firmen oder Mitglieder von verschiedenen Vereinen für die entsprechenden Aufgaben.

Programme

 1998: Der PS-Report (mit Manfred Riegler und Alexander Barbier)
 1999: Studenten ohne Zensur (mit Manfred Riegler und Alexander Barbier)
 2000: Solo für 2 (mit Manfred Riegler)
 2002: Zasta La Vista (Wirtschaftsprogramm)
 2003: Vorsicht bissig (Soloprogramm)
 2005: Flotter Dreier (DIE MÄNNER)
 2007: Zügellos (DIE MÄNNER)
 2009: Sex, Drugs & Sanostol (DIE MÄNNER)
 2010: GENTLEMANIA (DIE MÄNNER)
 2012: Die Hunde-Comedy-Show (mit Bernhard Kainz)
 2012: Bettgeflüster (Soloprogramm)
 2017: Das Adam und Eva Prinzip – Was Frauen über Männer wissen sollten... (Soloprogramm)

Auszeichnungen
 2010: Spaßvogel der Ybbsiade

Filmografie
(Auswahl)
 2009: 17 Minuten (Kinofilm)
 2010: BAD MÄNNERS (TV-Serie)
 2010: HOT SPOTT – Die Comedyshow (TV-Serie)
 2011: KLUG-Scheisser & Co. (TV-Serie)

Weblinks
 www.wolfgruber.at
 www.moderator.at
 www.diemaenner.at
 EULISH auf Youtube

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Österreicher
Geboren 1969
Mann

Wolf Gruber