Nadja Glenzke(Berlim, 25 de agosto de 1995) é uma ex-voleibolista indoor e jogadora de vôlei de praia alemã, competindo nesta modalidade sagrou-se medalhista de ouro na Letônia em 2017.

Carreira

Na jornada esportiva de 2017, formava dupla com Julia Großner e conquistaram a medalha de ouro no Campeonato Europeu de Voleibol de Praia em Jūrmala.

Ligações externas

Jogadores de voleibol de praia da Alemanha
Voleibolistas da Alemanha
Centrais de voleibol
Opostos de voleibol

Nadja Glenzke


Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD deficiency or MCADD) is a disorder of fatty acid oxidation that impairs the body's ability to break down medium-chain fatty acids into acetyl-CoA.  The disorder is characterized by hypoglycemia and sudden death without timely intervention, most often brought on by periods of fasting or vomiting.

Prior to expanded newborn screening, MCADD was an underdiagnosed cause of sudden death in infants. Individuals who have been identified prior to the onset of symptoms have an excellent prognosis.

MCADD is most prevalent in individuals of Northern European Caucasian descent, with an incidence of 1:4000 to 1:17,000 depending on the population. Treatment of MCADD is mainly preventive, by avoiding fasting and other situations where the body relies on fatty acid oxidation to supply energy.

Signs and symptoms

MCADD presents in early childhood with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction, often preceded by extended periods of fasting or an infection with vomiting.  Infants who are exclusively breast-fed may present in this manner shortly after birth, due to poor feeding.  In some individuals the first manifestation of MCADD may be sudden death following a minor illness.  A number of individuals with MCADD may remain completely asymptomatic, provided they never encounter a situation that sufficiently stresses their metabolism.  With the advent of expanded newborn screening, some mothers have been identified with MCADD after their infants had positive newborn screens for low carnitine levels.

The enzyme MCAD is responsible for the dehydrogenation step of fatty acids with chain lengths between 6 and 12 carbons as they undergo beta-oxidation in the mitochondria.  Fatty acid beta-oxidation provides energy after the body has used up its stores of glucose and glycogen.  This oxidation typically occurs during periods of extended fasting or illness when caloric intake is reduced, and energy needs are increased.

Genetics
MCADD is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning an affected individual must inherit a mutated allele from both of their parents.  ACADM is the gene involved, located at 1p31, with 12 exons and coding for a protein of 421 amino acids.  There is a common mutation among Northern European Caucasians, replacement of an adenine at position 985 with guanine, which results in a substitution of lysine with glutamic acid at position 304 of the protein.  Other mutations have been identified more commonly since newborn screening has expanded the mutation spectrum.  The 985A>G common mutation is present in the homozygous state in 80% of Caucasian individuals who presented clinically with MCADD and in 60% of the population identified by screening.

An individual's genotype does not correlate well with their clinical phenotype for MCADD.  The clinical presentation of an individual with MCADD depends not only on the presence of the mutations in the ACADM gene, but also on the presence of environmental or physiological stressors that require the body to depend on fatty acid oxidation for energy.  Some mutations, identified through newborn screening programs and associated with higher residual enzyme activity have not been seen in individuals with clinical symptoms of MCADD.  Despite this, treatment with fasting avoidance remains the norm for all those diagnosed with MCADD.

Diagnosis
Clinically, MCADD or another fatty acid oxidation disorder is suspected in individuals who present with lethargy, seizures, coma and hypoketotic hypoglycemia, particularly if triggered by a minor illness.  MCADD can also present with acute liver disease and hepatomegaly, which can lead to a misdiagnosis of Reye syndrome.  In some individuals, the only manifestation of MCADD is sudden, unexplained death often preceded by a minor illness that would not usually be fatal.

In areas with expanded newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), MCADD is usually detected shortly after birth, by the analysis of blood spots collected on filter paper. Acylcarnitine profiles with MS/MS will show a very characteristic pattern of elevated hexanoylcarnitine (C6), octanoylcarnitine (C8), decanoylcarnitine (C10) or decenoylcarnitine (C10:1), with C8 being greater than C6 and C10.  Secondary carnitine deficiency is sometimes seen with MCADD, and in these cases, acylcarnitine profiles may not be informative.  Urine organic acid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) will show a pattern of dicarboxylic aciduria with low levels of ketones. Traces of acylglycine species may also be detected.  Asymptomatic individuals may have normal biochemical lab results. For these individuals, targeted analysis of acylglycine species by GC-MS, specifically hexanoylglycine and suberylglycine can be diagnostic.  After biochemical suspicion of MCADD, molecular genetic analysis of ACADM can be used to confirm the diagnosis.  The analysis of MCAD activity in cultured fibroblasts can also be used for diagnosis.

In cases of sudden death where the preceding illness would not usually have been fatal, MCADD is often suspected.   The autopsy will often show fatty deposits in the liver.  In cases where MCADD is suspected, acylcarnitine analysis of bile and blood can be undertaken postmortem for diagnosis.  Where samples are not available, residual blood from newborn screening may be helpful.  Biochemical testing of asymptomatic siblings and parents may also be informative.  MCADD and other fatty acid oxidation disorders have been recognized in recent years as undiagnosed causes of sudden infant death syndrome.

Treatment
As with most other fatty acid oxidation disorders, individuals with MCADD need to avoid fasting for prolonged periods of time.  During illnesses, they require careful management to stave off metabolic decompensation, which can result in death.  Supplementation of simple carbohydrates or glucose during illness is key to prevent catabolism.  The duration of fasting for individuals with MCADD varies with age, infants typically require frequent feedings or a slow release source of carbohydrates, such as uncooked cornstarch. Illnesses and other stresses can significantly reduce the fasting tolerance of affected individuals.

Individuals with MCADD should have an "emergency letter" that allows medical staff who are unfamiliar with the patient and the condition to administer correct treatment properly in the event of acute decompensation.  This letter should outline the steps needed to intervene in a crisis and have contact information for specialists familiar with the individual's care.

Misdiagnosis issues
 The MCADD disorder is commonly mistaken for Reye Syndrome by pediatricians. Reye Syndrome is a severe disorder that may develop in children while they appear to be recovering from viral infections such as chicken pox or flu.
 Most cases of Reye Syndrome are associated with the use of Aspirin during these viral infections.

Prognosis
A 1994 study of the entire population of New South Wales (Australia) found 20 patients. Of these, 5 (25%) had died at or before 30 months of age. Of the survivors, 1 (5%) was severely disabled and the remainder had either suffered mild disability or were making normal progress in school. A 2006 Dutch study followed 155 cases and found that 27 individuals (17%) had died at an early age. Of the survivors, 24 (19%) suffered from some degree of disability, of which most were mild. All the 18 patients diagnosed neonatally were alive at the time of the follow-up.

Incidence
MCADD is most prevalent in individuals of Northern European Caucasian descent.  The incidence in Northern Germany is 1:4000, currently the highest in the world.  Northern Europe is also the origin of the common mutation in MCADD.  For populations without origins in Northern Europe, the incidence is significantly lower, 1:51,000 in Japan and 1:700,000 in Taiwan.  The common mutation has not been identified in MCADD cases identified in Asian populations.

References

External links

 NIH MCADD

Fatty-acid metabolism disorders
Autosomal recessive disorders

Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency


Kudüs Yasası veya tam adıyla Temel Yasa: Kudüs, İsrail'in Başkenti, 30 Temmuz 1980'de (İbrani takvimine göre 17 Av 5740) İsrail Parlamentosu (Knesset) tarafından kabul edilmiştir ve Kudüs'ün "bütün ve birleşik" olarak İsrail'in başkenti olduğunu ileri sürer. Bu durumun, muhalefet tarafından, yerel halkın rızası olmadığı için kabul edilemez olduğu savunulur.

Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyinin 478 sayılı kararı gereğince bu yasa "geçersizdir, kanuni bağlayıcılığı yoktur ve vakit kaybetmeden iptal edilmesi gerekmektedir". 478 no'lu karar gereğince Birleşmiş Milletler'e üye devletlerin İsrail'e yaptırım uygulamak amacıyla Kudüs'teki büyükelçiliklerini çekmeleri gerekmektedir. Birleşmiş Milletler'in bu kararı 20 Ağustos 1980'de 14 kabule karşılık 0 red oyuyla kabul edilmiştir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri çekimser oy kullanmıştır.

Ağustos 2006'da Kudüs'teki İsrail büyükelçiliklerini çekeceğini açıklayan Kosta Rika ve El Salvador'dan başka Birleşmiş Milletler üyesi hiçbir devletin Kudüs'te büyükelçiliği kalmamıştır (Reuters Ajansı 08.25.06, 22:43). Paraguay ve Bolivya'nın büyükelçilikleri ise Kudüs yakınlarındaki Mevasseret Zion şehrindedir.

Kudüs günümüzde resmî olarak İsrail'in başkenti olarak kabul edilmemekle beraber 1947 yılında kabul edilen Birleşmiş Milletler Paylaşım Planı uyarınca Corpus separatum (Bölünmüş Gövde) statüsü devam etmektedir. Filistin yönetimi Doğu Kudüs'ü başkent yapmak istemektedir.

Kudüs Yasası'nın temel hatları
Dönemin İsrail başbakanı Menahem Begin ve İsrail Cumhurbaşkanı Yitzhak Navon'un imzasını taşıtan yasa aşağıdaki maddelerden oluşmaktadır:

Başkanlık, Knesset, hükûmet ve Anayasa Mahkemesinin koltuğu:

Devlet Başkanının evine, Knesset'e, hükûmete ve Yüksek Mahkemeye ev sahipliği yapar.

Kutsal yerlerin korunması:

Kutsal sayılan yerler ve ziyaretçileri hürmetsizliğe ve saldırılara karşı korunmalıdır. Hangi dinden olursa olsun dini ve manevi olarak kutsal sayılan yerlere herkesin giriş özgürlüğü vardır.

Kudüs'ün gelişimi:

(a) Hükümet, Kudüs'ün kalkınıp gelişmesi ve burada ikamet edenlerin refahı için Knesset Maliye Komitesince Kudüs Belediyesine senelik fon ayrılmalıdır.
(b) Ekonomi ve diğer aktivitelerde Kudüs'e ayrıcalık tanınmalıdır.
(c) Hükümet, öngörülenlerin uygulanabilmesi için bir kurul kurmalıdır.

Dış bağlantılar

 BM'in 478 no'lu kararının tam meti (İngilizce, pdf)

Kaynakça

İsrail tarihi
İsrail'de siyaset
İsrail yasaları
Yasa
1980'de İsrail
1980'de uluslararası ilişkiler
1980'de hukuk

Kudüs Yasası


Marko Stanušić (Garevac, Bos. Posavina, 21. studenoga 1961.), rkt. svećenik Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije bh. hrvatski crkveni glazbenik: dirigent, orguljaš, skladatelj i zborovođa i predavač glazbenih predmeta

Životopis
Rodio se u Garevcu. U rodnom mjestu išao je u osnovnu školu. U Zadru je pohašao gimnaziju, a u Sarajevu je studirao teologiju. Za svećenika Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije zaredio se 29. lipnja 1987. godine. Bio je kapelan u Komušini i katedralnoj župi Presvetog Srca Isusova u Sarajevu. U Zagrebu je diplomirao crkvenu glazbu na Institutu za crkvenu glazbu «Albe Vidaković» 1995. godine. Zborovođa zbora sarajevske prvostolnice Presvetog Srca Isusova i Katedralnoga mješovitog zbora «Josip Stadler», zbor srednjoškolaca kao i internatski zbor u KŠC Sv. Josip u Sarajevu. Predavao je na istoj ustanovi glazbenu kulturu. Na KBF u Sarajevu predavao je liturgijsku glazbu, osnove gregorijanskog pjevanja i crkvenu glazbenu kulturu. U Vrhbosanskom bogoslovnom sjemeništu vodi zavodsko pjevanje, bogoslovski zbor «Stjepan Hadrović», zbor «Koralisti» kao i Tamburaški sastav. Službeni dopisnik Sv. Cecilije za glazbena izvješća iz Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije.

Član je Odbora za promicanje liturgijskog pjevanja u Vrhbosanskoj nadbiskupiji. Članom Liturgijskog vijeća Biskupske konferencije Bosne i Hercegovine. Koordinatorom je glazbenih zbivanja Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije: susreta animatora liturgijskog pjevanja i sviranja te susreta liturgijskih zborova Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije. Od 2007. je glavnim urednikom novoosnovanog glasila Magnificat, časopisa za liturgijsku glazbu Vrhbosanske nadbiskupije.

Orguljaške svirke
Istaknut još u sjemeništu kao orguljaš, poslije i u bogoslovskoj zajednici i katedrali. 1983. je godine u Zavidovićima imao svoj prvi samostalni kolaudacioni koncert na orguljama. Aktivnim sudionikom koncerata Vrhbosanske bogoslovije 1980-ih, posebice za blagdan sv. Cecilije kao i u drugim svečanim prigodama. Nastupao u Sarajevu i drugim mjestima BiH. Koncertirao je u Njemačkoj: 1991., 1994. i 2005. (Gangelt), 2003. (Breberen) i 2004. (Stahe). U mješovitom zboru Trebević HKD-a Napredak orguljaš od 1996. do 1998. godine.

Od zadnjih 2010-ih bavi se također montiranjem i ugađanjem klasičnih orgulja i glasovira.

Dirigentski rad
Dirigira mješovitim zborom vrhbosanske katedrale Josip Stadler s kojima je održao je brojne koncerte u domovini i inozemstvu, od kojih se ističu božićni, uskrsni i koncerti prigodom blagdana sv. Cecilije. Pri posjetu pape Ivana Pavla II. Sarajevu dirigirao je sv. Misi na stadionu Koševu 13. travnja 1997. godine. Od važnijih koncerata na kojima je dirigirao vrijedi spomenuti na misi Srednjoeuropskog katoličkog dana na Kupresu 21. svibnja 2005., te na Misi proglašenja blaženima Drinskih mučenica gg u Sarajevu 24. rujna 2011. godine.

Djela

Članci
Članke iz područja crkveno–liturgijske glazbe objavljuje u časopisima: Sv. Cecilija, Katolički tjednik, Svjetlo riječi, Gorući grm i Magnificat.

Prireditelj
Priredio je nekoliko knjiga iz područja glazbe: 1984. godine pjesmaricu za druženje Pjesmom kroz život (dop. proš. izd. 2004.), pjesmaricu za mješovite zborove i soliste Laudate Dominum 1997., zbirke preludija prikladnih za liturgiju Skladbe za orgulje I (2007.) i Skladbe za orgulje II (2008.), zbirku polifonih misa Višeglasne mise (dionice i partitura) (2011.), zbirku Koralnih i pučkih misa (partitura) (2011.).

Skladateljski rad
Skladao je i harmonizirao veći broj skladbi: Pučka misa, Missa brevis za mješoviti zbor i orgulje, preko 30 pripjevnih psalama, 15 himana, motete Ave Maria, Ave verum, Kraljice neba i još neke.

Diskografija

Katedralni zbor Josip Stadler
Snimio je s njima šest albuma: uskrsnu kazetu i CD Aleluja 1998. godine, božićni CD i kazetu Radujte se narodi 1998., marijanski CD Ave Maria 1999., CD Laudate Dominum 2006., CD Muka po Mateju i Ivanu 2007. te CD Muka po Marku i Luki 2007. godine.

Zbor srednjoškolaca KŠC-a i osnovaca
 2000. god. snimio je CD i kazetu Svi smo, Bože, djeca tvoja, a 2001. godine CD internatskog zbora Wings of love.

Bogoslovski zbor Stjepan Hadrović
 2007. godine snimio je adventski CD Padaj s neba.

Bogoslovski zbor Koralisti
CD Magnificat 2010. godine.

Ostalo
CD u formatu mp3 Skladbe za orgulje (2007.),
CD Pjevajte Gospodu pjesmu novu (2008.), s više od 140 liturgijskih popijevka i 5 pučkih misa u formatu mp3.
Svećeničku pjevačku službu snimio je 2012. godine.
2012. CD s tamburaškim sastavom na kojem su 25 popijevaka.

Izvori

Životopisi, Sarajevo
Zborovođe
Bosanskohercegovački dirigenti
Bosanskohercegovački skladatelji
Kultura Hrvata Bosne i Hercegovine

Marko Stanušić


Uwe Döring (* 7. März 1957) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

In der Saison 1975/76 spielte Döring in der 2. Fußball-Bundesliga Süd für den FK Pirmasens. Am 20. März 1976, dem 27. Spieltag der Saison, wurde er in den Schlussminuten des Heimspiels gegen den FC Augsburg von Trainer Bernd Hoss für Günter Schlick eingewechselt. Das Spiel endete torlos, es folgten danach für Döring keine weiteren Spiele mehr in deutschen Profiligen.

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (FK Pirmasens)
Deutscher
Geboren 1957
Mann

Uwe Döring (Fußballspieler)


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}}බෝයිස් ඕව ෆ්ලව'ස් යනු 2009 වසරේ නිපදවූ දකුණු කොරියාව නු ටෙලි නාට්‍ය පෙළකි. කු හයේ සන් , ලී මින් හෝ , කිම් බම් , කිම් ජූ සහ කිම් හ්යුන් ජුන් යන රංගන ශිල්පීහු මේ නිර්මාණයට රංගනයෙන් දායක වෙති. මෙය KBS 2  නාලිකාවේ 2009 වර්ෂයේ විකාශනය කෙරිණි. මෙය කොටස් 25කින් සමන්විතය.

මෙය  "යෝකෝ කාමියෝගේ ''බෝයිස් ඕව ෆ්ලව්'ස්' නම් කොරියානු ග්‍රන්ථය පදනම් කරගෙන තැනුවකි.මේ කතාව වර්තමාන සින්ඩරෙල්ලා කතාවට සමාන වේ.එනම් දුප්පත් සහ දිරිමත් පාසල් ශිෂ්‍යාවක් F4 නම් කණ්ඩායමක ඉතා ධනවත් සහ කඩවසම් තරුණයින් 4දෙනෙකුගෙ සිත් ඇදගනීමට සමත් වේ.

කතා වස්තුව
ගුම් ජැන්ඩි ට ශින්වා උසස් පාසලට ඇතුලත් වීමට ලැබෙන්නේ ශිෂ්‍යත්වයකිනි; ඒ එක්තරා සිදුවීමක් නිසාය. ඇයට එහිදී F4 කණ්ඩායම හමුවේ. F4 යනු ධනවත්, කඩවසම් සහ ආඩම්බර තරුණයින් 4දෙනෙකුගෙන් සමන්විත කණ්ඩායමකි.ඔවුන් නම්වලින් ගු ජුන් පියෝ (ලී මින් හෝ), යූන් ජි-හු (කිම් හ්යුන්-ජූන්) සෝ යි-ජියොන් (කිම් බම්) සහ සොන් වූ-බින් (කිම් ජූන්) ය.ඔවුන් 4දෙන මුළු පාසැලම තම අනසකට යටත්කොටගෙන සිටිති; එමනිසා ඔවුන්ට අභියෝග කිරීමට ගුරුවරුන් පවා පෙළඹෙන්නේ නැත.එහෙත් ජැන්ඩි ඔවුන්ට අභියෝග කරයි.එහෙත් ජැන්-ඩි, F4 හි නායකයා වන ජුන්-පියෝට අභියෝග කරයි. එමනිසා යට මුහුණදීමට වන කරදර ප්‍රමාණයද සුළුපටු නොවේ.ඉන්පසු ජුන්-පියෝ යට වයිර කරන අතරම ඇය ජී-හූ සමග නිහඬ සබදතාවයක් පවත්වාගෙන යාමට සමත්වේ.ජන-ඩි ගේ දිරිමත් කිරීමෙන් දිරිමත් වන ජි-හූ, ඔහුගේ පෙම්වතිය වන, නිරුපිකා මින් සියෝ-හ්යුන් හා එක්වන්නට විදේශ ගත වේ.එමනිසා ඇතිවන අඩුවේදී ජුන්-පියෝ සහ ජැන්-ඩි එකිනෙකට ලංවේ.වැඩි කලක් යාමට මත්තෙන් ජුන්-පියෝ යට සත්‍යවශයෙන්ම ආදරය කරන බව වටහාගනී.-විවිධ දුෂ්කරතා මැද ඔවුන් , ඔවුන්ගේ සම්බන්දය තර කර ගනී. ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රධාන බාධකය වන්නේ ජුන්-පියෝගේ මවයි. ඇය කෲර, බලවත් ව්‍යාපාරික කාන්තාවකි. එහෙත් ඇය ජැන්-ඩි ව සහ ඇගේ ඉහලට පැමිණීම අනුපාත නොකරයි.මේ අතර තනිකඩ ජි-හූ නැවත කොරියාවට පැමිණේ; ඒ ඔහුගේ සිතුවිලි ජැන්ඩි ට පැවසීමටයි.පැමිණීමෙන් පසුව ඔහු , ඔහුගේ සිතුවිලි සැඟවීමට උත්සහ කරයි; එහෙත් ජුන්- පියෝ ඒ ගැන දැනගැනී.

රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා

බෝයිස් ඕවර් ෆ්ලවර්ස් (රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාව)


Richard Mellon Scaife (; July 3, 1932 – July 4, 2014) was an American billionaire, a principal heir to the Mellon banking, oil, and aluminum fortune, and the owner and publisher of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. In 2005, Scaife was number 238 on the Forbes 400, with a personal fortune of $1.2 billion.  By 2013, Scaife had dropped to number 371 on the listing, with a personal fortune of $1.4 billion.

During his life, Scaife was known for his financial support of conservative public policy organizations over the past four decades. He provided support for conservative and libertarian causes in the United States, mostly through the private, nonprofit foundations he controlled: the Sarah Scaife Foundation, Carthage Foundation, and Allegheny Foundation, and until 2001, the Scaife Family Foundation, now controlled by son David.

Early life
Scaife was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Alan Magee Scaife, the head of an affluent Pittsburgh family, and Sarah Cordelia Mellon, who was a member of the influential Mellon family, one of the most powerful families in the country. Sarah was the niece of former United States Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon. She and her brother, financier R.K. Mellon, were heirs to the Mellon fortune that included Mellon Bank and major stakes in Gulf Oil and Alcoa aluminum.

Scaife attended high school at Deerfield Academy in Deerfield, Massachusetts where he almost didn't graduate after getting caught drinking off campus at the age of 14. He was expelled from Yale University in the aftermath of a drunken party in which he launched an empty beer keg down a flight of stairs, injuring a classmate. Yale gave him the opportunity to repeat his freshman year, but he continued to skip class and flunked out. With the help of his father, who was chairman of the board of trustees, he attended the University of Pittsburgh and graduated with a bachelor's degree in English in 1957.

Scaife inherited positions on several corporate boards in 1958 when his father Alan died unexpectedly. However, his family had become estranged from his uncle, R. K. Mellon, who retained control of the companies. His mother encouraged him to get involved in the family's philanthropic foundations, and he did so. (See management of Scaife family foundations.) He inherited much of the Mellon fortune when his mother died in 1965.

A portion of the fortune was placed in trust funds and the rest in foundations. The trusts expired in 1985 and, per tax law, the foundations must give away 5% of their assets per year. Disbursements from each foundation are done through boards of directors.

In 1973, he became estranged from his sister Cordelia and he took control of many of the family foundations while Cordelia supported her own charities, including Planned Parenthood and the National Aviary in Pittsburgh. Shortly before her death, the siblings reconciled, and he eulogized her in January 2005, lauding Cordelia for devoting her life and resources to "worthwhile causes".

Business

Purchase of the Tribune-Review
In 1970, Scaife purchased a small market newspaper, then known as the Tribune-Review. The paper was based in Greensburg, the county seat and center of Westmoreland County, located about 30 miles southeast of Pittsburgh. For a number of years, the paper was published and distributed only in the Westmoreland area.

Scaife made headlines in the fall of 1973 when a Tribune-Review reporter was fired for making the remark "one down and one to go" during the Watergate era when Vice President Spiro T. Agnew resigned over corruption charges dating back to his days as governor of Maryland. In the controversy that followed nearly half the paper's 24 person newsroom staff resigned.  In 1992, the two main newspapers in Pittsburgh were embroiled in a lengthy labor dispute that ultimately led the larger paper, the Pittsburgh Press, to cease operations, and for the remaining paper, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, to suspend publication for nearly six months until the Post-Gazette acquired the Press late that year.

During this time, Scaife expanded operations of his newspaper into Pittsburgh.  He essentially created a newspaper from the ground up and named it the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review while maintaining the Greensburg operation separately. He moved the Pittsburgh headquarters to the D. L. Clark building on Martindale Street on Pittsburgh's North Side.

Leadership and media interests
The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review continues to challenge the Post-Gazette in the Pittsburgh media market. Twelve years after Scaife's newspaper began publishing, the Post-Gazette reported major financial losses, and the unions representing its employees agreed to wage concessions to keep it afloat. Unlike Scaife, the owners of the Post-Gazette, the Block family, were unwilling to sustain major losses year after year. According to the Scaife divorce papers, Richard Scaife has consistently spent between $20 and $30 million per year to cover the Tribune-Review'''s losses. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulation, the Tribune-Review has a combined 221,000 regional circulation, about 7,000 subscribers fewer than its competitor.

In 2005, the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review announced that operations of its suburban editions would be consolidated, with "staff reductions" in the newsrooms, business, and circulation departments. Two managers were laid off immediately along with several other staff members later in 2005.

With Scaife as publisher, the small circulation newspaper was the chief packager of editorials and news columns claiming that then United States President Bill Clinton or his wife, then First Lady Hillary Clinton were responsible for the death of Deputy White House counsel Vince Foster. Scaife paid freelancer Christopher Ruddy to write about the Foster case for the Tribune-Review and other right-leaning media. Special Prosecutor Ken Starr, appointed to investigate Clinton, concluded Foster had, in fact, committed suicide.

In 2004, Scaife was reported to own 7.2 percent of Newsmax Media, a news-based Web site with conservative political content founded by Ruddy in 1998. In 2009, Scaife reportedly controlled 42% of NewsMax, with Ruddy the 58% majority owner, CEO and editor.

Scaife owned a majority interest in Pittsburgh-based all-news radio station KQV.

From 1977 to 1989 Scaife owned the Sacramento Union newspaper in the state capital of Sacramento, California.

Political activities
According to his  unpublished memoir, Scaife was motivated by concerns that the general trend towards liberalism in America would lead  not just to inferior public policy  but to  the annihilation of American civilization.

While Scaife was not known for  describing  to others the motives or aims of  his many contributions, in his book he tells of how  he and a network of  other influential conservatives called themselves "The League to Save Carthage", the name chosen because they believed the threat of political progressivism was so dire it could not even be compared to the decline of Rome in the face of barbarians.  Rather the situation was closer to Ancient Carthage, which had been  totally obliterated by Rome, a defeat Scaife and his fellow conservatives attributed to  the  passivity of its elites in the face of the enemy.

Support for Richard Nixon
As early as 1968, Scaife was actively involved at the highest levels of the Nixon campaign.  He was appointed to lead the United Citizens for Nixon-Agnew during the fall of 1968.

Scaife gained notoriety for evading weak campaign finance laws to donate US$990,000 to the 1972 re-election campaign of U.S. President Richard M. Nixon. Scaife was not charged with a crime, but about $45,000 went to a fund linked to the Watergate scandal. Scaife later said he was repulsed by the scandal and refused to speak with Nixon after 1973. Following Robert Duggan's suicide and then Watergate, he shifted his political giving from politicians' campaigns to anti-communist research groups, legal defense funds, and publications. During the scandal, John Ehrlichman suggested having Scaife buy out The Washington Post in a hostile takeover from Katharine Graham in order to halt Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's reporting.

Opposition to Bill Clinton
Scaife's publications were substantially involved in coverage against then-President Bill Clinton:
 Scaife was the major backer of The American Spectator, whose Arkansas Project set out to find facts about Clinton and in which Paula Jones' accusations of sexual harassment against Clinton were first widely publicized.
 On April 15, 1998, The New York Times revealed that Scaife had spent nearly $2 million on the project.
 In a 1999 series of articles on Scaife and foundations that support conservative causes, The Washington Post named a close Scaife associate, Richard Larry, and not Scaife himself as the man who drove the Arkansas Project, while also acknowledging that Scaife was still the project's lead financier. The question of how political intellectualism was centered in the subject or in his key aides, such as Richard Larry, R. Daniel McMichael, or others, remains an open question.

The project not only accused Clinton of financial and sexual indiscretions (some later verified, others not), but also gave root to conspiracist notions that the Clintons collaborated with the CIA to run a drug smuggling operation out of the town of Mena, Arkansas and that Clinton had arranged for the murder of White House aide Vince Foster as part of a coverup of the Whitewater scandal. The possibility that money from the project had been given to former Clinton associate David Hale, a witness in the Whitewater investigation, led to the appointment of Michael J. Shaheen as a special investigator. Shaheen subpoenaed Scaife, who testified before a federal grand jury in the matter.

In the fall of 2007, however, Ruddy published a positive interview with former President Clinton on Newsmax, followed by a positive cover story in the magazine. The New York Times noted with reference to the event that politics had made "strange bedfellows".Newsweek reported that Ruddy praised Clinton for his Foundation's global work, and explained that the interview, as well as a private lunch he and Scaife had had with Clinton, which Ruddy says was orchestrated by Ed Koch, were due to his shared view, with Scaife that Clinton was doing important work representing the U.S. globally while America was the target of criticism. He also said that he and Scaife had never suggested Clinton was involved in Foster's death, nor had they spread allegations about Clinton's sex scandals, although their work may have encouraged others.

Despite his political opposition to Clinton, the two men forged a friendship after Clinton left office. They became so close that Clinton spoke at a private memorial service for Scaife on August 2, 2014.

Political donations
According to campaignmoney.com, from 1999 through 2006, Scaife, under the name "R. Scaife", made ten contributions of over $200 to political campaigns, for a total of $19,000. Under the name "R.M. Scaife", he made four donations totaling $22,000. Under the name "Richard Scaife", he made 23 donations over this period which totaled $142,904. Besides donations to the Republican National Committee and various political campaigns such as Santorum 2000 and the Santorum Victory Committee for Rick Santorum, he has also supported political action committees such as the Pro-Growth Action Team, the Free Congress PAC (formerly: Committee For the Survival Of a Free Congress), and the Club for Growth Inc. PAC. Scaife also funded the Western Journalism Center, headed by Joseph Farah. He was named to the PoliticsPA list of "Pennsylvania's Top Political Activists".

Philanthropy
Scaife gave away an estimated $1 billion plus adjusted for inflation from his family fortune on philanthropy. He estimated that $620 million of this was "aimed at influencing American public affairs". The Washington Post called him "the leading financial supporter of the movement that reshaped American politics in the last quarter of the 20th century." At the same time, according to journalist Jane Mayer, he gave almost no interviews or speeches on his motives and aims", and "rarely spoke with those who ran the institutions he funded".

Management of the Scaife family foundations
When Scaife refocused his political giving away from individuals and toward anti-communist research groups, legal defense funds, and publications, the first among these was the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace at Stanford University.

Through contacts made at Hoover and elsewhere, Scaife became a major, early supporter of The Heritage Foundation, which has since become one of Washington's most influential conservative public policy research institutes. He served as vice-chairman of the Heritage Foundation board of trustees.

Later, he supported such varied conservative and libertarian organizations as:
 American Enterprise Institute
 Atlas Economic Research Foundation
 David Horowitz Freedom Center
 Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow, which advocates for free-market solutions to environmental issues and dissent on anthropogenic global warming
 Commonwealth Foundation for Public Policy Alternatives, a Harrisburg-based libertarian think tank
 Federalist Society
 Foundation for Economic Education
 Free Congress Foundation (headed by Jim Gilmore)
 Freedom House
 GOPAC (headed by Newt Gingrich)
 Independent Women's Forum
 Intercollegiate Studies Institute (which operates the Collegiate Network)
 Judicial Watch
 Landmark Legal Foundation
 The Media Institute
 Media Research Center (headed by Brent Bozell)
 Pacific Legal Foundation
 Reason Foundation

By 1998, his foundations were listed among donors to over 100 such groups, to which he had disbursed some $340 million by 2002.

Pepperdine University
Scaife also endowed a new school of public policy at Pepperdine University. Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr was named the first dean of this school. Pepperdine has denied any connection between Scaife and the selection of Starr. Starr accepted the post in 1996, but in the ensuing controversy, he gave up the appointment in 1998 before ever having started at Pepperdine. After the investigation, Starr was appointed to head Pepperdine's law school in 2004, and became president of Baylor University in 2010.<ref>Bobby Ross, Jr. "Kenneth Starr plans to join Baptist church" , Christian Chronicle, April 2010, page 1; accessed May 19, 2010.</ref>

Other philanthropic support
Scaife was identified with his contributions to conservative and libertarian causes. The Washington Post in 1999 dubbed him "funding father of the Right."

However, Scaife supported certain policy research groups which are not explicitly conservative, such as the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), and the Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI), at the University of Pennsylvania, among others. He was also a major donor to abortion rights advocates, including Planned Parenthood, giving "millions" to the organization, although most of the donations ended in the 1970s, according to The Washington Post.

In the late 1990s, during the height of the Clinton scandals, Scaife nevertheless continued to provide more than $1 million to the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the prime benefactor of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). His donations to restore and beautify the White House led to an invitation by Hillary Clinton for a black-tie celebration. She warmly received him and posed for a photograph on the same day her husband's sex scandal hit the press. Scaife told the New York Post that he appreciated Mrs. Clinton's invitation. "I'm honored", he said, "Lord knows, it's more than I got from [the first] George Bush".

Scaife also supported non-political groups. He was a key benefactor of a number of Pittsburgh-based arts organizations: Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, the Sarah Scaife Galleries at the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh art museum, the Brandywine Conservancy, the Phipps Conservatory, and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., as well as Goodwill Industries of Pittsburgh. He and his foundations contributed to Sarah Scaife's favorite causes: population control (e.g. Planned Parenthood), environmental conservation, and hospitals; Jonas Salk developed his polio vaccine in a Sarah Scaife funded laboratory. He also supported a variety of educational institutions, notably the University of Chicago, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, Carnegie Mellon University, Boston University, the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Rochester, Smith College, Bowling Green State University, and his prep school, Deerfield Academy.

Personal life
Scaife's first marriage was to Frances L. Gilmore (born December 2, 1934). The couple had two children, Jennie K. Scaife (born July 8, 1963; died November 29, 2018), and David N. Scaife (born February 5, 1966). The couple subsequently divorced.

In June 1991, he married his longtime companion Margaret "Ritchie" Battle (born February 15, 1947), who had made the couple active in the social and cultural life of Pittsburgh. The couple subsequently separated, and, on December 27, 2005, the Pittsburgh Police responded to a call placed by Richard Scaife reporting trespassing at Scaife's residence in the prestigious Shadyside section of Pittsburgh. They arrived to find his estranged wife, pounding on doors and peeking in windows of the couple's mansion. Mrs. Scaife refused to leave the property, and was arrested and charged with defiant trespass.

On April 8, 2006, the Tribune-Review published an article describing a fight between Scaife's estranged wife and three of his servants over a dog that Scaife told the New York Daily News his wife had given him. Both newspapers reported that Scaife's servants went to the hospital for scrapes and bruises after the fracas. Scaife later hung a sign on his lawn: "Wife and dog missing – reward for dog". Three days later, on April 11, Scaife confided to a gossip columnist that he and Margaret Scaife planned to divorce and that their marriage began without a prenuptial agreement. The New York Daily News column estimated his vulnerable assets at half of $1.2 billion.

In September 2007, the Post-Gazette and reporter Dennis Roddy found that the Scaife divorce papers, which had been under seal, were available to the public on the Web site of the Allegheny County Prothonotary's office. The Post-Gazette made the divorce papers available in full on its site. The papers include a full list of the possessions Margaret Scaife alleged her husband had taken and was keeping from her.

He was named to the PoliticsPA list of "Sy Snyder's Power 50" list of influential individuals in Pennsylvania politics in 2002 and 2003.

On May 18, 2014, he announced that his doctors had diagnosed him with an untreatable form of cancer as part of an introspective column in the Tribune-Review.

Steve Kangas incident
On February 8, 1999, former military intelligence specialist and progressive writer Steve Kangas committed suicide less than 60 feet (18 m) from Scaife's office door inside One Oxford Centre in Pittsburgh. He had been an outspoken critic of Scaife and believed that Scaife-funded initiatives posed a danger to the nation. Scaife hired Rex Armistead and a reporter from the Tribune-Review to investigate whether or not Kangas had been out to kill Scaife.

Death

Scaife died after a battle with cancer on the morning of July 4, 2014 at his home, one day after his 82nd birthday.    He also owned homes in Pebble Beach, California; Nantucket, Massachusetts; and Ligonier, Pennsylvania.

See also
 The World's Billionaires

Notes

References
 Baer, John M. "Hardly a Right-Wing Cause He Can Refuse", Philadelphia Daily News.
 Bellant, Russ The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism (Boston: South End Press, 1991), covering the related political funding activities of Coors family.
 Ira Chinoy and Robert G. Kaiser, "Decades of Contributions to Conservatism", The Washington Post, May 2, 1999.
 Kaiser, Robert G. "Money, Family Name Shaped Scaife", The Washington Post, May 3, 1999.
 Kaiser, Robert G. and Chinoy, Ira. "Scaife: Funding Father of the Right", The Washington Post, May 2, 1999.
 Kennedy, John F., Jr. and Scaife, Richard Mellon. "Who's Afraid of Richard Mellon Scaife? JFK, Jr. Interviews Richard Mellon Scaife", George, January 1999.
 "Tribune-Review Publisher's Wife Charged with Trespass", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, December 27, 2005.
 Rothmyer, Karen. "The man behind the mask", Salon, April 1998.
 Rothmyer, Karen. "Citizen Scaife", abridged excerpt from Vetter, Herbert F., ed.Speak Out Against the New Right (Boston: Beacon Press, 1982).
 Saloma, John S., III. Ominous Politics: The New Conservative Labyrinth (New York: Hill and Wang, 1984).
 Savage, David G. "Richard Scaife: A 'Savior' of Right, a Scourge of Left", Los Angeles Times, April 17, 1998.

External links
 Richard Mellon Scaife's campaign contributions
 "World's Richest People", Forbes magazine, October 2004
 Richard Mellon Scaife profile at CNN
 Richard Mellon Scaife profile at Sourcewatch
 Scaife Foundation profile at Media Transparency
 Scaife Family Foundations at People for the American Way
 "The Trib Goes Post-al", Pittsburgh City Paper (2001); accessed August 13, 2014.
 "Arkansas Project Led to Turmoil and Rifts", ''The Washington Post, May 2, 1999; accessed August 13, 2014.
 "Low Road to Splitsville" A detailed report of the events leading up to Scaife's divorce, washingtonpost.com; accessed August 13, 2014.
 Notice of death of Richard Mellon Scaife, wtae.com; accessed August 13, 2014.
 Notice of death of Richard Mellon Scaife, triblive.com/news; accessed August 13, 2014.

1932 births
2014 deaths
American billionaires
American conspiracy theorists
American libertarians
American newspaper publishers (people)
20th-century American philanthropists
Deerfield Academy alumni
The Heritage Foundation
Mellon family
Presbyterians from Pennsylvania
New Right (United States)
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Yale University alumni
The American Spectator people
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review people
Pennsylvania Republicans
Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania
Burials at Allegheny Cemetery
21st-century American philanthropists

Richard Mellon Scaife


Vilica je čeljusna kost u koju su usađeni zubi. Čini ju gornja i donja čeljust, jedini pomični dio lubanje.

Poteškoće
U temporomandibularni poremećaj spadaju bol temporomandibularnog zgloba, odnosno zglobne vilice kao i s mišićima lica zaduženim za žvakanje. Uzroci TMP-a najčešće su tjelesna povreda vilice, mišični grč, nepravilan raspored zubiju te artritis ili tumor viličnog zgloba.

Izvori

Anatomija

Vilica (anatomija)


Die Slowakische Badmintonmeisterschaft 2005 war die 13. Auflage der Titelkämpfe im Badminton in der Slowakei. Sie fand vom 13. bis zum 15. Mai 2005 in Trenčín statt.

Medaillengewinner

Weblinks
Meisterschaftsstatistik beim nationalen Verband

2005
Badminton 2005
Badmintonwettbewerb in Trenčín

Slowakische Badmintonmeisterschaft 2005


Colocasia može označavati:
 Colocasia (Plantae) Schott, biljni rod iz porodice Araceae
 Colocasia (Animalia) Ochsenheimer, 1816, rod moljaca iz porodice Noctuidae

Colocasia


Community school may refer to:
 Community school (England and Wales), a type of state-funded school in which the local education authority employs the school's staff, is responsible for the school's admissions and owns the school's estate
 Community school (Ireland), a type of secondary school funded directly by the state
 Community school (United States), a type of publicly funded school that serves as both an educational institution and a center of community life
Full-service community schools in the United States

Individual schools
 Community Magnet Charter School, Los Angeles, California
 Community School (Sun Valley, Idaho)
 The Community School, Camden, Maine
 Community School (Teaneck, New Jersey)
 Community High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
 Community High School (Texas)
 Community High School (Teaneck, New Jersey)
 Community High School (West Chicago)
 The Community School (Decatur, Georgia)

See also
 American Community School (disambiguation)
 Community High School (disambiguation)
 Community Christian School (disambiguation)

Community school


Acumen Nation is an American industrial rock/metal band from Chicago, Illinois.

History

Early career
Formed in 1988 as Acumen by Jason Novak and Ethan Novak, the band released several cassette demos before self-releasing the CD demo Transmissions from Eville in 1994. Along with bassist Greg Lopez, they put the record out themselves under the name Robot Records. During shows for this period, the band added Jamie Duffy as a guitarist/engineer, and shortly afterwards the four-piece band was noticed by independent industrial label Fifth Colvmn Records, who signed the band and reissued Transmissions from Eville worldwide.

The band subsequently embarked on national tours with The Clay People and 16 Volt, before heading back to Chicago Trax Studios to record their follow-up, entitled Territory=Universe, with a denser multi-layered sound than the previous record. Acumen was invited to join another national tour with industrial rock pioneers Chemlab, as well as shorter stints supporting industrial rock veterans KMFDM and Monster Voodoo Machine.

Although the peak of the Industrial rock scene in Chicago had passed by the time Acumen emerged as a national act, Acumen were able to establish themselves on the circuit through continuous touring and work on a number of different projects. The Iron Lung Corp. was a band composed of Acumen and The Clay People from Albany, New York. Their first record Big Shiny Spears (1996) featured covers of Nitzer Ebb's hits "Join in the Chant" and "Murderous".

Name dispute
In 1997, the band were forced to change their name due to a legal dispute with a preexisting progressive rock band also called Acumen. The band split their project into two halves—the drum and bass influenced DJ? Acucrack, and the more traditional rock format of Acumen Nation. Tours for both projects followed. In 1998, Greg Lopez left the band to pursue other interests, and was replaced by Eric Alvarez. The four recorded 2000's Strike 4. Alvarez left the band before the record was released and was replaced by Eliot Engelman.

Later career
In 2000, Jason Novak and Jamie Duffy launched their own record label, CrackNation Records, through which all future Acumen-related material would be released. In 2005, the label released Cyanotic's debut album, Transhuman.

The end of 2001 saw the release of Live Farewell 2001, which was to signal a hiatus for the band, as the recording was the final performance featuring Ethan Novak, who left to form the band Cordy. He was replaced in the lineup by Dan Brill.

Eliot Engelman left following the release of Anticore in 2006 and the subsequent tour with Front Line Assembly in mid-2007, although the band maintained for some time that he had not left, before they finally admitted it. Ethan Novak returned to play guitar during the "PsychoTransHumanoid" 2007 and 2008 tours of the east and west coasts with Cyanotic, promoting the simultaneous release of Acumen Nation's Psycho the Rapist, DJ? Acucrack's Humanoids from the Deep, and Cyanotic's Transhuman 2.0.

On June 21, 2012, Acumen Nation guitarist Jamie Duffy died due to an overdose of sleeping pills, which was made public via his personal Twitter account early that morning. The tweet "this is how the end begins..." along with a link to a photo of a plate with three white bottles of sleeping pills and a plate full of the bright blue pills themselves. The photo was later removed, but the tweet remained.

Cold Waves: The Jamie Duffy Memorial Concert
On July 6, 2012, a memorial concert was announced entitled "Cold Waves: The Jamie Duffy Memorial Concert", to be held at Chicago's Bottom Lounge on September 7, 2012. Artists appearing at the event included Paul Barker, Chris Connelly, Jared Louche, Martin Atkins, Steven Seibold, Jim Marcus, Jason Novak, and Eric Powell, performing tracks by Revco/Revolting Cocks, Chemlab, 16volt, Acumen Nation, Damage Manual, Hate Dept, The Clay People, and Go Fight!/Die Warzau. Additional artists to perform were Czar, Cyanotic, i:Scintilla, and The Final Cut, with DJ sets by Zoltar, host of the satellite radio show Subterranean and a former Q101 Chicago and WXRT Chicago radio host.

The concert also noted that Duffy had worked at many Chicago venues including The House of Blues, The Cubby Bear, The Abbey Pub and The Cabaret Metro/Metro Chicago as stage manager and sound engineer, provided engineering and technical support at Chicago Trax recording studios, and had contributed to releases on many different larger and independent record labels including 21st Circuitry, Bit Riot Records, BMG/RCA/D-Tribe Records, Cargo Music/Re-constriction Records, Conscience Records, Cracknation Records, Crash Music Inc., E-Magine Records, Failure To Communicate Records/FTC Records, Fifth Colvmn Records, Glitch Mode Recordings, Underground, Inc., Island/Def Jam Records, Katharsis Records, Metropolis Records, MOGworld Records, Tinman Records, TVT Records, Warner Bros. Records, Wax Trax! Records, WTII Records and Zoth Ommog Records, working with artists such as 16Volt, Acumen Nation, Armageddon Dildos, Chemlab, Chris Connelly, Cyanotic, Dean Garcia, DJ? Acucrack, Hypefactor, Iron Lung Corp, Lard, Method Man (featuring Mary J. Blige), Ministry, Monster Voodoo Machine, Pigface, Sister Machine Gun, Sister Soleil, Toni Halliday and The Wake.

Discography
Transmissions from Eville (Demo) (as Acumen; 1994; Robot Records)
Transmissions from Eville (as Acumen; 1994; Fifth Colvmn Records)
Territory = Universe (as Acumen; 1996; Fifth Colvmn)
Unkind (EP) (1997; Conscience Records)
More Human Heart (1997; Conscience)
If You Were (EP) (1998; Conscience)
Strike 4 (EP) (2000; Cracknation)
Live Farewell 2001 (2001; Cracknation)
The 5ifth Column (2002; Invisible Records)
Coming Down: The Bastard Remix Album (2002; Invisible)
Lord of the Cynics (2003; Cracknation)
Artifacts: 1990–1993 Volume 1 (2004)
What the Fuck?: 10 Years of Armed Audio Warfare (2005; Cracknation/WTII Records)
Anticore (2006; Cracknation/Crash Music Inc.)
Psycho the Rapist (2007; Cracknation)
Artifacts II: 1989–1994 (2008; Cracknation)
Artifacts III: 1988–1993 (2014; Cracknation)

Side projects
DJ? Acucrack
Iron Lung Corp
Fawn
Glytsch
Czar
Cocksure
The Splynter Group
Vampyre Anvil
 Ahnusse

References

External links

 Cracknation.com – official Cracknation website
 Acumen Nation interviewed on a cult public TV show
 The Jamie Duffy Memorial Fund

Cracknation Records artists
Fifth Colvmn Records artists
Invisible Records artists
Musical groups from Chicago
Rock music groups from Illinois
Underground, Inc. artists

Acumen Nation


El puente Río Negro o puente Jornalista Phelippe Daou es un puente fluvial construido sobre el río Negro en Brasil. El mismo comunica la ciudad de Manaos con Iranduba, en el estado de Amazonas. Con sus 3 595 metros, es uno de los más largos de Sudamérica. Fue inaugurado el 24 de octubre de 2011 a un costo de 625 millones de dólares.

Referencias

3. http://www.abc.com.py/internacionales/inauguran-en-brasil-el-mayor-puente-construido-sobre-un-rio-amazonico-323949.html

Puentes de Brasil del siglo XXI
Puentes inaugurados en 2011
Brasil en 2011
Manaos
Edificios y estructuras del estado de Amazonas (Brasil)

Puente Río Negro


Köroğlu, Samsun ilinin Çarşamba ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Köroğlu Köyü 1998 yılında Karakaya Mahalleninden ayrılmıştır

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 86 km, Çarşamba ilçesine 50 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Çarşamba'nın mahalleleri

Köroğlu, Çarşamba


An Odontochilus nanlingensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni L.P.Siu ngan Kai Yung Lang, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Paul Ormerod. An Odontochilus nanlingensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Odontochilus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Odontochilus

Odontochilus nanlingensis


İğdeli, Çorum ilinin Merkez ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1925 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır. Daha önceleri Çorum merkez ilçeye bağlıyken, 4 Temmuz 1987'de Uğurludağ ilçesine, 22 Haziran 1993'te ise yeniden Çorum merkez ilçeye bağlandı

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 43 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Çorum merkez belde ve köyleri

İğdeli, Çorum


In genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription. This sequence mediates transcriptional termination by providing signals in the newly synthesized transcript RNA that trigger processes which release the  transcript RNA from the transcriptional complex. These processes include the direct interaction of the mRNA secondary structure with the complex and/or the indirect activities of recruited termination factors. Release of the transcriptional complex frees RNA polymerase and related transcriptional machinery to begin transcription of new mRNAs.

In prokaryotes

Two classes of transcription terminators, Rho-dependent and Rho-independent, have been identified throughout prokaryotic genomes. These widely distributed sequences are responsible for triggering the end of transcription upon normal completion of gene or operon transcription, mediating early termination of transcripts as a means of regulation such as that observed in transcriptional attenuation, and to ensure the termination of runaway transcriptional complexes that manage to escape earlier terminators by chance, which prevents unnecessary energy expenditure for the cell.

Rho-dependent terminators
Rho-dependent transcription terminators require a large protein called a Rho factor which exhibits RNA helicase activity to disrupt the mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase transcriptional complex. Rho-dependent terminators are found in bacteria and phages. The Rho-dependent terminator occurs downstream of translational stop codons and consists of an unstructured, cytosine-rich sequence on the mRNA known as a Rho utilization site (rut) for which a consensus sequence has not been identified, and a downstream transcription stop point (tsp). The rut serves as a mRNA loading site and as an activator for Rho; activation enables Rho to efficiently hydrolyze ATP and translocate down the mRNA while it maintains contact with the rut site. Rho is able to catch up with the RNA polymerase because it is being stalled at the downstream tsp sites. Multiple different sequences can function as a tsp site. Contact between Rho and the RNA polymerase complex stimulates dissociation of the transcriptional complex through a mechanism involving allosteric effects of Rho on RNA polymerase.

Rho-independent terminators
Intrinsic transcription terminators or Rho-independent terminators require the formation of a self-annealing hairpin structure on the elongating transcript, which results in the disruption of the mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase ternary complex. The terminator sequence in DNA contains a 20 basepair GC-rich region of dyad symmetry followed by a short poly-A tract or "A stretch" which is transcribed to form the terminating hairpin and a 7–9 nucleotide "U tract" respectively. The mechanism of termination is hypothesized to occur through a combination of direct promotion of dissociation through allosteric effects of hairpin binding interactions with the RNA polymerase and "competitive kinetics".  The hairpin formation causes RNA polymerase stalling and destabilization, leading to a greater likelihood that dissociation of the complex will occur at that location due to increased time spent paused at that site and reduced stability of the complex.
Additionally, the elongation protein factor NusA interacts with the RNA polymerase and the hairpin structure to stimulate transcriptional termination.

In eukaryotes
In eukaryotic transcription of mRNAs, terminator signals are recognized by protein factors that are associated with the RNA polymerase II and which trigger the termination process. Once the poly-A signals are transcribed into the mRNA, the proteins cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) and cleavage stimulation factor (CstF) transfer from the carboxyl terminal domain of RNA polymerase II to the poly-A signal. These two factors then recruit other proteins to the site to cleave the transcript, freeing the mRNA from the transcription complex, and add a string of about 200 A-repeats to the 3' end of the mRNA in a process known as polyadenylation. During these processing steps, the RNA polymerase continues to transcribe for several hundred to a few thousand bases and eventually dissociates from the DNA and downstream transcript through an unclear mechanism; there are two basic models for this event known as the torpedo and allosteric models.

Torpedo model
After the mRNA is completed and cleaved off at the poly-A signal sequence, the left-over (residual) RNA strand remains bound to the DNA template and the RNA polymerase II unit, continuing to be transcribed. After this cleavage, a so-called exonuclease binds to the residual RNA strand and removes the freshly transcribed nucleotides one at a time (also called 'degrading' the RNA), moving towards the bound RNA polymerase II. This exonuclease is XRN2 (5'-3' Exoribonuclease 2) in humans. This model proposes that XRN2 proceeds to degrade the uncapped residual RNA from 5' to 3' until it reaches the RNA pol II unit. This causes the exonuclease to 'push off' the RNA pol II unit as it moves past it, terminating the transcription while also cleaning up the residual RNA strand.

Similar to Rho-dependent termination, XRN2 triggers the dissociation of RNA polymerase II by either pushing the polymerase off of the DNA template or pulling the template out of the RNA polymerase. The mechanism by which this happens remains unclear, however, and has been challenged not to be the sole cause of the dissociation.

In order to protect the transcribed mRNA from degradation by the exonuclease, a 5' cap is added to the strand. This is a modified guanine added to the front of mRNA, which prevents the exonuclease from binding and degrading the RNA strand. A 3' poly(A) tail is added to the end of a mRNA strand for protection from other exonucleases as well.

Allosteric model
The allosteric model suggests that termination occurs due to the structural change of the RNA polymerase unit after binding to or losing some of its associated proteins, making it detach from the DNA strand after the signal. This would occur after the RNA pol II unit has transcribed the poly-A signal sequence, which acts as a terminator signal.

RNA polymerase is normally capable of transcribing DNA into single-stranded mRNA efficiently. However, upon transcribing over the poly-A signals on the DNA template, a conformational shift is induced in the RNA polymerase from the proposed loss of associated proteins from its carboxyl terminal domain. This change of conformation reduces RNA polymerase's processivity making the enzyme more prone to dissociating from its DNA-RNA substrate. In this case, termination is not completed by degradation of mRNA but instead is mediated by limiting the elongation efficiency of RNA polymerase and thus increasing the likelihood that the polymerase will dissociate and end its current cycle of transcription.

See also
Termination codon
Termination factor
Terminator gene
Transcription (genetics)

References

External links

Gene expression

Terminator (genetics)


Terence Martin Griffiths OBE (Llanelli, 16 de outubro de 1947) é um ex-jogador profissional de snooker galês e atualmente técnico e comentarista de snooker. Em seu segundo torneio profissional, ele sagrou-se campeão mundial após vencer o norte-irlandês Dennis Taylor por 24 frames a 16 na final do Campeonato Mundial de Snooker de 1979 (do original: 1979 World Snooker Championship). Nove anos depois, em 1988, Griffiths chegou novamente à final da competição, mas perdeu a partida por 11–18 para o inglês Steve Davis.

Ele também venceu o Masters em 1980 e o Campeonato do Reino Unido (do original: UK Championship) em 1982, tornando-o um dos jogadores que completaram a Tríplice Coroa (do original: Triple Crown) do snooker.

Finais na carreira

Finais em provas do ranking: 3 (1 título)

Finais em provas fora do ranking: 40 (17 títulos)

Finais em provas por equipe: 5 (2 títulos)

Finais em provas Pro–am: 2 (1 título)

Finais em provas amadoras: 4 (3 títulos)

Ligações externas
 Perfil do jogador  no site da World Snooker Tour (WST)
 Perfil do jogador  no antigo site da World Snooker Tour (WST)
 Perfil do jogador  no site Pro Snooker Blog

Nascidos em 1947
Jogadores de snooker do País de Gales
Campeões mundiais de snooker

Terry Griffiths


Acest articol descrie fazele eliminatorii ale Ligii Campionilor EHF Feminin 2018-2019.

Echipele calificate
Echipele clasate pe primele patru locuri din fiecare grupă principală au avansat în fazele eliminatorii.

Format
În sferturile de finală, echipele clasate pe primul loc în fiecare grupă principală au jucat împotriva echipelor de pe locul patru din cealaltă grupă principală, iar echipele clasate pe al doilea loc au jucat împotriva celor clasate pe locul al treilea. Câștigătoarele sferturilor de finală au avansat în Final four, iar o tragere la sorți a stabilit felul cum vor au fost apoi distribuite echipele în semifinale.

Sferturile de finală

|}

Tur

Retur

Final four
Formatul final cu patru echipe (Final four) a fost găzduit de Sala Sporturilor László Papp din Budapesta, Ungaria, pe 11 și 12 mai 2019. Pe 26 februarie 2019 s-a anunțat că Delo Group a devenit timp de două sezoane sponsorul principal al Ligii Campionilor EHF. Încă începând din sezonul 2018–2019, faza finală a competiției a fost redenumită DELO Final4 EHF Feminin.

Tragerea la sorți pentru Final4 a avut loc pe 16 aprilie 2019, începând de la ora locală 18:00, în studioul canalului de televiziune Sport 1, care a difuzat Liga Campionilor EHF în Ungaria. În afara transmiterii în direct pe Sport 1, tragerea la sorți a putut fi urmărită la nivel internațional pe canalul ehfTV, pe contul Facebook al Ligii Campionilor și pe Twitter.

Pe 10 mai 2019, în deschiderea evenimentului, cântăreața pop americană Anastacia a susținut un recital în sala László Papp.

Echipe calificate
Cele patru echipe calificate în Final4 au fost:
 Rostov-Don
 Győri Audi ETO KC
 Vipers Kristiansand
 Metz Handball

Semifinalele

Finala mică

Finala

Note

Legături externe

Liga Campionilor EHF Feminin 2018-2019

Liga Campionilor EHF Feminin 2018-2019 - fazele eliminatorii


In der Liste der Baudenkmale in Dolgen am See sind alle denkmalgeschützten Bauten der Gemeinde Dolgen am See (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) und ihrer Ortsteile aufgelistet (Stand 10. Februar 2021).

Legende

Baudenkmale nach Ortsteilen

Dolgen

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Groß Lantow

|}

Kankel

|}

Sabel

|}

Striesdorf

|}

Quelle

Dolgen am See
!Baudenkmale

Liste der Baudenkmale in Dolgen am See


2009 în științifico-fantastic — 2010 în științifico-fantastic — 2011 în științifico-fantastic
2010 în științifico-fantastic implică o serie de evenimente:

Nașteri

Decese
 31 ianuarie : Kage Baker, scriitor american, decedat la 57 de ani.
 7 februarie : William Tenn, scriitor american, decedat la 89 de ani.
 9 februarie: Romulus Bărbulescu, scriitor român, decedat la 68 de ani. (n. 1941)
 24 aprilie : James B. Hemesath, scriitor american, decedat la 65 de ani.
 21 august Gheorghe Apostol (n. 1913)
 10 septembrie : Edwin Charles Tubb, scriitor britanic, decedat la 90 de ani.

Cărți

Romane
 All Clear de Connie Willis.
 Black-out de Connie Willis.
 Alliés de Christie Golden.
 Surface Detail de Iain Banks.
 Ship Breaker de Paolo Bacigalupi.
 The Hastur Lord de Deborah Jean Ross.
 Métacortex de Maurice G. Dantec.
 Revers de Aaron Allston.
 Vortex de Troy Denning.

Filme
 8th Wonderland de Nicolas Alberny și Jean Mach.
 Inception de Christopher Nolan.
 Cartea lui Eli de Albert și Allen Hughes.
 Monștrii de Gareth Edwards.
 Domnul Nimeni de Jaco Van Dormael.
 Planeta 51 de Jorge Blanco.
 Predators de Nimród Antal.
 Recuperatorii  de Miguel Sapochnik.
 Skyline de Colin și Greg Strause.
 Space Battleship Yamato de Takashi Yamazaki
 Splice de Vincenzo Natali.

Filme TV
 Lake Placid 3 de G. E. Furst.
 The Lost Future de Mikael Salomon.
 Mega Piranha de Eric Forsberg.
 Quantum apocalypse de Justin L. Jones.
 Sharktopus de Declan O'Brien.
 Meteor Storm de Tibor Takács.

Seriale TV
 Andromeda
 Buzz Lightyear of Star Command
 Cleopatra 2525
 Dark Angel
 FreakyLinks
 Los protegidos
 Kamen Rider Kuuga
 Max Steel
 Mirai Sentai Timeranger
 Starhunter
 Static Shock
 Transformers: Robots in Disguise
 The New Adventures of Ocean Girl
 X-Men: Evolution
 The Zack Files

Jocuri video

 Dark Void de Airtight Games.
 God of War III de Sony Computer Entertainment.
 StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty de Blizzard Entertainment.

Premii
 Premiul Saturn
 Cel mai bun film SF:
 Premiul Nebula pentru cel mai bun roman
 Blackout/All Clear de Connie Willis
 Premiul Hugo pentru cel mai bun roman
 The Windup Girl de Paolo Bacigalupi și The City and the City  de China Miéville

Note

Vezi și
 2010 în literatură
 2010 în film
2010 în științifico-fantastic

2010 în științifico-fantastic


Uma membrana bicamada, podendo ser citada como bicamada molecular ou atômica, ou simplesmente bicamada é uma camada dupla de átomos ou moléculas compactadas.

As propriedades das bicamadas são frequentemente estudadas em física da matéria condensada, particularmente no contexto de dispositivos semicondutores, onde dois materiais distintos são unidos para formar  junções (tais como junções P-N, junções Schottky, etc.).

Materiais em camadas, como o grafeno, nitreto de boro ou dicalcogenetos de metais de transição, têm propriedades eletrônicas únicas como sistemas de bicamada e são uma área ativa de pesquisa atual.

O grafeno de duas camadas consiste em duas camadas de grafeno empilhadas unidas pela interação de van der Waals.

Em biologia, um exemplo comum é a bicamada lipídica, a qual descreve a estrutura de várias estruturas orgânicas, como a membrana de uma célula.

Ver também

 Monocamada
 Nanotubo
 Semicondutor
 Filme fino

Fases da matéria
Nanotecnologia
Materiais artificiais

Membrana bicamada


Gülüşlü, Adana ilinin Karaisalı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Daha önceleri Aşağıbelemedik köyüne bağlı bir mahalle iken, 6 Haziran 1956'da köy statüsü kazandı. 2012 yılındaki yasa değişikliğinden sonra yeniden mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Adana il merkezine 56 km, Karaisalı ilçe merkezine 6 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Karaisalı'nın mahalleleri

Gülüşlü, Karaisalı


Frederik "Kunngi" Kristensen (født 20. juli 1952 i Uummannaq, død 5. november 2021) var en grønlandsk billedkunstner, digter og musiker.

Kunngi var uddannet ved Det Grafiske Værksted i Nuuk, i dag Grønlands Kunstskole,Kunstskolen 1975-77, og var gæstestuderende ved Kunstakademiet i København 1977 og 78. Kunngi er kendt som Grønlands første nonfigurative maler. Han arbejdede med firkanten, som han vred og vendte, og med mødet mellem store, rene farveflader. Som han skrev i et digt, der godt kunne været hans poetik: "Kunstnere/ gengiver ikke kun/ det sete, / men synliggør det."

Kunngi lavede grønlandske julemærker og illustrerede bøger. Han udførte udsmykningsopgaver i Nuuk. Som forfatter og musiker udgav han udgivet både romaner, digtesamlinger og CD´er.

Kunngi er repræsenteret med tre malerier på Nuuk Kunstmuseum

Udgivelser og værker
 1992 Inunni uannut qaninnerpaaq, Atuakkiorfik
 1994 CD - Samma Samma Paffa Paffa
 1996 Sila (antologi), (red. Aqqaluk Lynge)Atuagkat og Grønlands Forfatterforening
 2000 Nipit Inuit Nunaannit (antologi)
 2002 CD - Inequnaq
 2005 Iluliamernit - Is-skodser - Chunks of ice, Forlaget Atuagkat
 2007 Ippassaq Ullumeqarani Aqagu, Forlaget Atuagkat
 2010 Qaammatigivissuarmi, Forlaget Atuagkat
 2011 CD - Maaninunanni,ULOKarsten Sommer
 2012 Soqutiginartut, Forlaget Atuagkat
 2013 Puttarsivik, (dansk usdgave: Urettens værksted), Forlaget Atuagkat
 2016 Allaata allaqataa,Forlaget Atuagkat

Udvalgte udstillinger
 1975 Det grafiske værksted, Nuuk (gruppeudstilling)
 1992 Uummannaq Museum, Uummannaq
 2010 Nuuk Kunstmuseum, Nuuk
 2010 Katuaq, Nuuk (gruppeudstilling)
 2011 Realiseringer, Nordatlantens Brygge, København. Vandreudstilling, der gik videre til de grønlandske huse i Kbh, Odense, Aarhus
 2013 Taseralik, Sisimiut
 2013 Ilimmarfik, Nuuk
 2015 Qaqortoq Museum, Qaqortoq
 2015 Katuaq, Nuuk (gruppeudstilling)
 2017 Katuaq, Nuuk
 2018 Kunngi - Eqqumiitsulioriaaseq/Teknik i kunsten, Nuuk Kunstmuseum

Kilder og eksterne henvisninger
 2011 Jørgen Trondhjem: 100 års grønlandsk billedkunst, Turbine
 2011 Bodil Kaalund: Grønlands Kunst, 3. udgave, Gyldendal
 2018 Kunngi - Eqqumiitsulioriaaseq/Teknik i kunsten, Katalog Nuuk Kunstmuseum

Referencer

Kunstnere fra Grønland

Kunngi


Závada pod Čiernym vrchom este o comună slovacă.

Istoric
Localitatea Závada pod Čiernym vrchom este atestată documentar din 1481.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Závada pod Čiernym vrchom,


Bertha Ethel Knight Landes (October 19, 1868 – November 29, 1943) was the first female mayor of a major American city, serving as mayor of Seattle, Washington from 1926 to 1928. After years of civic activism, primarily with women's organizations, she was elected to the Seattle City Council in 1922 and became council president in 1924.

Early years
Landes was born in Ware, Massachusetts to Charles Sanford Knight and Cordelia Cutter. Her father, a veteran of the Union Army, moved the family to Worcester in 1873. She attended Worcester's Dix Street School and Classical High School, from which she received her diploma. At the age of 19 she moved to Bloomington, Indiana, to live with her older sister Jessie Knight, whose husband David Starr Jordan had become the president of Indiana University. Bertha enrolled as a student at the University in the fall of 1888. She received a degree in history and political science in 1891, after which she returned to Worcester.

After three years of teaching at her alma mater, the Classical High School in Worcester, Massachusetts, she married geologist Henry Landes on January 2, 1894. Knight and Landes had met as students at Indiana University. The couple had three children, one of whom was adopted. Landes moved to Seattle in 1895 when her husband Henry became a geology professor at the fledgling University of Washington, with the help of a favorable recommendation from Jordan. Henry would go on to become Dean of the College of Sciences in 1912, the University's first.

Civic activism
In Seattle, Landes was active in women's organizations, including the Women's University Club, the Rainier Club, and the Women's Auxiliary of University Congregational Church. She was a member of the influential Women's Century Club, for which she served as the head of social services (1916-17) and then president (1918-1920). She was president of the Washington State chapter of the League of Women Voters.

From 1920-22 Bertha served as president of the Seattle Federation of Women's Clubs, which by 1923 included 245 member clubs representing thousands of women. With the Federation, in 1921 she orchestrated a weeklong Women's Educational Exhibit for Washington Manufacturers. Staffed by more than 1,000 club women and showcasing the technological innovations of 130 manufacturers, it bolstered the spirits of the business community during a period of severe recession, symbolizing for the state's business community the emergence of Seattle as a sophisticated, modern metropolis. One such manufacturer wrote to Landes after the exhibit expressing hope "that someday you will be rewarded by seeing greater prosperity in Seattle, and that you will then feel fully repaid for the untiring efforts you have put forth."

That year, Landes was appointed by the city mayor to serve on a commission studying unemployment, the only woman on the five-member commission.

In 1922, Landes organized "The Women's Civic League" (renamed the "Women's City Club" in 1923). The purpose of the club was to educate women about local, state, national and world politics, and in cooperation with other organizations, to work towards securing the welfare of the city and improving civic conditions. Within a year it had more than 500 members.

Political career

Landes and Kathryn Miracle were the first women to serve on the Seattle City Council; both were elected in 1922. Landes became council president after her reelection in 1924. She became acting mayor in 1924 when Mayor Edwin J. "Doc" Brown left town in June to attend the 1924 Democratic National Convention. Angry at what she saw as police corruption and lawless activity, Landes fired Police Chief William B. Severyns. She began her own law and order campaign, closing down illegal activities throughout the city, including lotteries, punchboards and speakeasies. Upon his return, Brown reinstated the police chief.

When Brown ran for another two-year term in 1926, Landes ran against him, on the platform that "municipal housecleaning" was needed in the Seattle government. Landes easily won the election in March, by more than 6,000 votes.

During her term, she advocated municipal ownership of utilities such as Seattle City Light and street railways. She also fought hard against bootleggers and reckless drivers, and strictly enforced regulations for dance halls and cabarets. The Civic Auditorium, later renovated as the Seattle Opera House, is one of her accomplishments. She appointed qualified professionals to head city departments, improve public transportation and parks, and put the city's finances in order.

Landes ran for a second term in 1928. Although endorsed by newspapers, the Central Labor Council, the Prohibition Party, and women's organizations, Landes was easily defeated by Frank Edwards, a political unknown, by a vote of 59,000 to 40,000, in a record turnout.

Later years
Landes became the first woman to serve as Moderator of Washington's Conference of Congregational and Christian Churches and was also elected national president of the Soroptimists, a professional women's organization. She wrote many articles for national publications, often urging women to enter politics, their "natural sphere."

During the 1930s, Landes was chair of the Sewing Room Work for the Women's Division of the Mayor's Commission for Improved Employment. She oversaw 673 women who sewed garments for women and children to "help improve the unemployment situation."

From 1933 to 1941, Landes traveled extensively. In 1933, she and her husband began to lead student groups, sponsored by the University of Washington, to the Far East. The couple also took groups of schoolteachers from across the United States to sites in Alaska, Yellowstone and Glacier National Park, among others. Henry contracted bronchitis on a trip to China in June 1936, which developed into pneumonia, leading to his death in Seattle on August 23, 1936, at the age of 68.

At the time of Henry's loss, Bertha wrote that he was "pleased and willing to have me try my wings" and that he was her "tower of strength in times of stress, and made many sacrifices without complaint that I might give my time and strength to my civic service." She added, "Life was to be lived to the fullest, always on a partnership basis and a definite sharing of different special interests. It was so lived for 40 years until the summons came for one of us, and now I have to face life and its problems alone."

Following his death, Bertha agreed to lead the tour alone in 1937. She continued her travels in 1938 aboard the ship SS Monterey, with stops in Honolulu, Pago Pago, Auckland, Sydney, and Melbourne.

During the late 1930s, Bertha began to reduce her level of civic activism. She gave fewer public speeches, focusing instead on smaller appearances and on lending endorsements and assistance to community causes such as Seattle's Women's City Club Chorus, as well as fundraising for groups like the League of Women Voters. Her health began to decline. In her private life she turned away from the traditional religious practices of the Congregational Church, of which she and Henry had been members since the late 1890s, joining instead the Unity School of Christianity.

Bertha continued to live independently at the Wilsonian Hotel in Seattle's University District until 1941, when she moved to Pacific Palisades, California, in hopes that the warmer climate would improve her health.

She died at her son's home in Ann Arbor, Michigan on November 29, 1943, at the age of 75. Her ashes were interred at Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park in Seattle.

Legacy
Today, the largest meeting room at Seattle City Hall is named in her honor. The tunnel boring machine used to construct the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel under downtown Seattle was nicknamed "Bertha" after her.

A wing of Read Residence Hall at Indiana University is named for her.

Marie Dressler plays a character based on her in the film Politics set in the fictional Lake City.

References

Further reading
 Mildred Tanner Andrews, Woman's Place: A Guide to Seattle and King County History (Seattle: Gemil Press, 1994), p. 132-134
 Richard C. Berner, Seattle 1921-1940: From Boom to Bust (Seattle: Charles Press, 1992)
 Sandra Haarsager, Bertha Knight Landes: Big-City Mayor (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994)
 Doris H. Pieroth, "Bertha Knight Landes: The Woman Who Was Mayor," in Women in Pacific Northwest History: an Anthology, ed. by Karen J. Blair (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988), 83-106.

External links

American National Biography Online at www.anb.org

1868 births
1943 deaths
Mayors of Seattle
People from Ware, Massachusetts
Women mayors of places in Washington (state)
Seattle City Council members
Women city councillors in Washington (state)
Indiana University alumni

Bertha Knight Landes


Josef Brodski (d. 24 Mayıs 1940, Leningrad (günümüz Sankt-Peterburg - ö. 28 Ocak 1996, New York), Rus ve Amerikalı şair ve deneme yazarıdır.

1940 yılında doğan Brodsky yazmaya henüz 18 yaşında başlamıştır. 1964 yılı Mart ayında, çalışmaları anti-Sovyet bulunduğu için 5 yıllığına Arkhangelsk'e gönderilmiştir ve Kasım 1965 yılına kadar burada kalmıştır. 1972 yılında sınır dışı edilip, kısa bir süre Viyana ve Londra'da kaldıktan sonra ABD'ye yerleşmiş ve 1977 yılında Amerikan vatandaşı olmuştur. 1987 yılında "Düşünce netliği ve şiirsel yoğunlukla dolu kapsayıcı yazarlığı için" Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü kazanmıştır.

Hayatı
St. Petersburg`da  Rus Yahudi bir aileden dünyaya gelmiştir. Annesi çevirmenlik babası ise  Sovyet donanmasında fotografçılık yapmaktaydı. Çocukken yaşadığı Leningrad Kuşatması`nın zorlu koşullarından kaynaklı ileriki yaşlarında çeşitli şağlık problemleri çekmiştir. 15 yaşında okulu bırakarak denizaltı akademisine girmek istemiş, fakat bunda başarısız olmuştur. Ardından hekim olmaya karar verererk bir süre bir morgta ve çeşitli görevlerle bir hastanede çalışmıştır. Eş zamanlı kendini eğitmeye başlayarak İngilizce ve Lehçe öğrenmiştir. Daha sonra arkadaş olacağı Czesław Miłosz'un şiirlerini çevirmiş, yine aynı dönemde klasik felsefe, din, mitoloji ve anglo-amerikan şiirine ilgi göstermiştir. 1960'ların başlarında Sovyet karşıtı Leningradlı nostaljik yazarlar bir altkültür oluşturmuşlardı. Brodsky de bu düşünsel gruplara katılmış, hakkında Sovyetler Birliği karşıtı olduğuna dair Leningrad gazetelerinde suçlayıcı yazılar yazılmıştır. 1963 yılında aynı şuçlamayla hakkında dava açılmıştır.

Sürgün edilmesi
1963 yılında, 23 yaşındayken hakkında açılan dava özellikle gazeteci ve insan hakları savunucusu Frida Vigdorova'nın çabaları sayesinde Batı'da büyük yankı uyandırmıştır. Brodsky'yi desteklemek amacıyla Rusya'da ve Batı'da kampanyalar düzenlenmiştir. Dönemin yazarları tarafından bu dava kişi ve devlet arasındaki mücadele olarak yorumlanmıştır. Leningrad mahkemesinin Brodsky hakkında Vatan haini olarak değil fakat Sosyal Parazit  (topluma katkı sağlamayan, elinden geldiği halde iş sahibi olmayan) olarak hüküm vermesiyle sonuçlanan süreç sonunda 5 yıl süreyle ağır çalışma kampına sürülmüştür. Sürgüne gönderilmeden önce çeşitli Leningrad gazetelerinde ve dergilerinde serbest yazar olarak çalışmaktaydı. Buna rağmen mahkemenin hakkında Sosyal Parazit olarak hüküm vermesi, çalışmamasından değil yazarlar sendikasından bağımsız olarak çalışmasına, dolayısıyla atanmamış olmasına yorulmuştur. 1965 yılında 5 yıl olarak verilen cezanın 18 ayını tamamladıktan olayın Cause célèbreye dönüşmesinin ardından Leningrad'a dönmesine izin verilmiştir.

Amerika'ya Yerleşmesi ve Sonrası
1972 yılında Sovyetler Birliği'nden sınır dışı edilmiştir. Bir süre sonra ABD'ye yerleşmiştir. Önce Michigan Üniversitesi'nde, daha sonra farklı üniversitelerde çalışmıştır. 1977 yılında ABD vatandaşı olmuştur. Aynı dönemde şiirleri, yazıları ve eleştirileri The New Yorker ve New York Book Reviews başta olmak üzere çeşitli dergi ve gazetelerde yayınlanmıştır. 1981 yılında MacArthur Ödülünü, 1986 yılında Oxford Üniversitesi'nden onursal doktora ve 1987 yılında Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü almıştır.

Ukrayna Karşıtı Duygular
Ukraynalı yazar Vasily Makhno, Brodsky'nin soyadının Ukrayna'nın Brody kentinden geldiğini belirtti. Sonuç olarak, Brodsky'nin Ukrayna'ya karşı bazı duyguları olabilirdi, ama yapmadı. Brodsky'nin sonunda Sovyet Rusya'yı terk etmek ve ABD'ye göç etmek zorunda kaldığı Sovyet karşıtı görüşlere sahip olmasına rağmen, yine de güçlü Rus-emperyal görüşlere sahipti ve bu da Ukraynalıların Ruslardan ayrı bir ulus olarak varlığını reddetmesine neden oldu.  Brodsky`nin biyografisini de yazan Rus edebiyat eleştirmeni Lev Losev'e göre, O Ukrayna'yı "Büyük Rusya'ya sahip tek kültürel alan" olarak görüyordu. Polonyalı tarihçi Irena Grudzinska-Gross, Milosz ve Brodsky (2007) adlı kitabında, Brodsky'nin Ukrayna'ya sıkıca inandığını ve her zaman "ayrılmaz bir parçası" olduğunu yazdı büyük Rusya". Grudzinskaya-Gross'a göre, "Brodsky'nin Rus vatanseverliği de kanıtlanıyor... "halk" şiiri ve "Ukrayna'nın Bağımsızlığı Üzerine" bir başka şiir, Ukrayna'ya emperyal ve Büyük Rus pozisyonlarından saldırıyor."1985'te Çek-Fransız yazar Milan Kundera'nın New York Times Kitap İncelemesi'nde Rus yazar Fyodor Dostoyevski'yi eleştiren bir makale yazmasının ardından Brodsky, Brodsky'nin Rus-emperyal görüşlerini gösteren "Milan Kundera'nın Dostoyevski Hakkında Neden Yanlış Olduğu" başlıklı bir yanıt yazdı.

Brodsky'nin Ukraynacılık karşıtlığının en ünlü kamusal tezahürü, 1992'de yazıldığına inanılan "Ukrayna'nın Bağımsızlığı Üzerine" şiiriydi. Bu şiirde Brodsky alaycı bir şekilde Ukrayna'nın 1991'teki bağımsızlığını anlattı ve Ukraynalı bağımsızlık savaşçılarını Rus dilini terk ettikleri için azarladı. Ayrıca Ukraynalılara "Kazaklar" ve etnik bulamaç khohkly olarak da atıfta bulundu. Brodsky bu şiiri yaşam boyu koleksiyonlarının hiçbirinde yayınlamadı. 1996'daki ölümüne kadar Amerika'daki çeşitli Muskovit ve Yahudi toplantılarında sadece birkaç kez okudu. Özellikle Brodsky'nin bu şiiri 30 Ekim 1992'de Palo Alto Yahudi Merkezi salonunda yalnız bir akşam okuduğu bilinmektedir; 2015'te bu halka açık okumanın bir videosu Facebook'a gönderildi ve Brodsky'nin şiirin yazarı olduğuna dair şüpheleri ortadan kaldırdı. Bu şiir sayesinde eleştirmenler Brodsky'de Rus şovenizminin tezahürlerini gördüler. Onu Ukrayna karşıtı duygu ve ırkçılıkla suçladılar.

İş Hayatı
Brodsky belki de en çok şiir koleksiyonları, Konuşmanın Bir Parçası (1977), Urania'ya (1988) ve Ulusal Kitap Eleştirmenleri Çemberi Ödülü'nü kazanan Less Than One (1986) adlı deneme koleksiyonuyla tanınır. Diğer önemli eserler arasında  Mermerler (1989) ve Venedik üzerine bir düzyazı meditasyonu olan Filigran (1992) sayılabilir. Kariyeri boyunca Rusça ve İngilizce yazdı, çeviriler yaptı ve seçkin şair çevirmenlerle çalıştı.

Temalar ve Türler
W. H. Auden, Brodsky'nin Seçilmiş Şiirlerine girişinde (New York ve Harmondsworth, 1973), Brodsky'yi "doğayla karşılaşmalar" tarafından büyülenen gelenekçi bir lirik şair olarak tanımladı... insanın durumu, ölümü ve varoluşun anlamı üzerine düşünceler ". Meksika ve Karayip edebiyatından Roma şiirine kadar geniş kapsamlı temalar üzerine "yer, şimdi, geçmiş ve gelecek hakkındaki fiziksel ve metafizik, yer ve fikirleri" karıştırdı. Eleştirmen Dinah Birch, Brodsky'nin " ingilizce'deki ilk şiir cildi Joseph Brodsky: Seçilmiş Şiirler (1973), gücünün kendine özgü kuru, meditatif bir soliloquy olmasına rağmen, son derece çok yönlü olduğunu ve teknik olarak çeşitli biçimlerde başarılı olduğunu gösteriyor."

Urania'ya: Seçilmiş Şiirler 1965-1985, Amerikan sürgünü sırasında yazdığı yeni eserlerle eski eserlerin çevirilerini topladı ve hafıza, ev ve kayıp temalarını yansıtıyordu. İki deneme koleksiyonu, Osip Mandelshtam, W. H. Auden, Thomas Hardy, Rainer Maria Rilke ve Robert Frost gibi şairlerin eleştirel çalışmaları, kendi hayatının eskizleri ve Akhmatova, Nadezhda Mandelshtam ve Stephen Spender gibi çağdaşların eserlerinden oluşuyor.

Brodsky'nin yazılarında yinelenen bir tema şair ve toplum arasındaki ilişkidir. Özellikle Brodsky, edebiyatın izleyicisini olumlu yönde etkileme ve içinde bulunduğu dili ve kültürü geliştirme gücünü vurguladı. Batı edebi geleneğinin, dünyanın Nazizm, Komünizm ve iki Dünya Savaşı gibi yirminci yüzyılın felaketlerinin üstesinden gelmesinden kısmen sorumlu olduğunu öne sürdü. Şair Ödülü sahibi olarak görev yaptığı dönemde Brodsky, Anglo-Amerikan şiir mirasını, hükûmet destekli bir program aracılığıyla halka ücretsiz şiir antolojileri dağıtarak daha geniş bir Amerikan kitlesine getirme fikrini destekledi. Kongre Kütüphanecisi James Billington yazdı,Joseph, şiirin neden Rusya'da olduğu gibi Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki geniş kitleleri çekmediğini anlamakta güçlük çekiyordu. 1977'de Amerikan vatandaşı olmaktan gurur duyuyordu (Sovyetler 1972'de kovulduktan sonra onu vatansız hale getirdi) ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki yaşamın sağladığı özgürlüklere değer verdi. Fakat şiiri "dilin en yüksek olgunluk derecesi" olarak gördü ve herkesin buna duyarlı olmasını istedi. Şair Ödüllü olarak, en iyi Amerikan şairlerinin ucuz antolojilerinin otellerde ve havaalanlarında, hastanelerde ve süpermarketlerde sunulmasını önerdi. Huzursuz ya da korkulu ya da yalnız ya da yorgun olan insanların şiir alıp beklenmedik bir şekilde başkalarının bu duyguları daha önce yaşadığını ve onlardan kaçmak yerine hayatı kutlamak için kullandığını keşfedebileceğini düşündü. Joseph'in fikri ele geçirildi ve bu tür binlerce kitap aslında insanların ihtiyaç veya meraktan karşılaşabilecekleri bir yere yerleştirildi.Şiirin ciddiyetini ve önemini destekleme tutkusu, Brodsky'nin Ekim 1991'de ABD'li Şair Ödülü Sahibi olarak yaptığı açılış konuşmasında ortaya çıkıyor. Dedi ki, "Toplum, şairleri okuyamayarak ya da dinlemeyerek, kendisini politikacının, satıcının ya da şarlatanın daha düşük eklemlenme biçimlerine mahkum eder. ... Başka bir deyişle, kendi evrimsel potansiyelini kaybeder. Çünkü bizi hayvanlar aleminin geri kalanından ayıran şey tam olarak konuşmanın armağanıdır. ... Şiir bir eğlence biçimi değildir ve belli bir anlamda bir sanat biçimi bile değildir, ama antropolojik, genetik hedefimiz, evrimsel, dilsel işaretimizdir." Bu duygu çalışmaları boyunca yankılanıyor. Brodsky, 1979'da Sven Birkerts ile yaptığı röportajda şunları yansıtıyordu:Daha iyi şairlerin eserlerinde, artık insanlarla ya da bazı seraphical yaratıklarla konuşmadıkları hissine kapılıyorsunuz. Yaptıkları sadece dilin kendisiyle konuşmak, güzellik, duygusallık, bilgelik, ironi, şairin açık bir ayna olduğu dilin bu yönleri. Şiir bir sanat ya da sanat dalı değildir, daha fazlasıdır. Bizi diğer türlerden ayıran şey konuşma ise, o zaman en yüksek dilsel işlem olan şiir, antropolojik, aslında genetik hedefimizdir. Şiiri bir eğlence, "okuma" olarak gören herkes, en başta kendisine karşı antropolojik bir suç işlemektedir.

Etkiler
Kongre Kütüphanecisi Dr. James Billington şunları yazdı:Petersburg'un büyük hanımı Anna Akhmatova'nın en sevdiği himayesiydi ve şiirlerini Kongre Kütüphanesi'nde Rusça okuduğunu duymak, Rus dilini anlamasa bile saçlarının dik durmasını sağlamak için bir deneyimdi. Joseph Brodsky, yüzyılın başından beri büyük Petersburg şairlerinin sonuncusu olan Anna Akhmatova'nın değil, aynı zamanda bir başka büyük şehit şair Osip Mandelstam'ın dul eşi Nadezhda Mandelstam'ın da umutlarının somutlaşmış haliydi. Her ikisi de Joseph'i, bir gün Rusya'yı kendi derin köklerine geri götürebilecek yol gösterici ışığın bir parçası olarak görüyorlardı.Brodsky, John Donne'dan Auden'e kadar ingiliz metafizik şairlerinden de derinden etkilendi. Birçok eser Tomas Venclova, Octavio Paz, Robert Lowell, Derek Walcott ve Benedetta Craveri gibi diğer yazarlara ithaf edilmiştir. Brodsky'nin çalışmalarının, ünlü çevirmenlerin çalışmaları ile hayati derecede gelişmiş olduğu görülmektedir. İngilizce'deki ikinci büyük koleksiyonu olan Konuşmanın bir parçası (New York ve Oxford, 1980) Anthony Hecht, Howard Moss, Derek Walcott ve Richard Wilbur'un çevirilerini içeriyor. Eleştirmen ve şair Henri Cole, Brodsky'nin "kendi çevirilerinin, doğal bir müzikalite duygusundan yoksun olduğu için eleştirildiğini" belirtiyor."

Başlıca Yayınlanmış Eserleri

Şiir
A Part of Speech (1980)
Collected Poems in English (2000)
Elegy for John Donne and Other Poems (1967)
Selected Poems (1992)
So Forth (1996)
To Urania (1988)

Nesir
Less Than One (1986)
On Grief and Reason (1995)
Watermark (1992)

Drama
Marbles (1989)

Joseph Brodsky Seçme Eserler

Kaynakça

Dip Notlar

20. yüzyıl Amerikalı şairleri
1940 doğumlular
1996 yılında ölenler
Sankt Peterburg doğumlular
Rus Nobel Ödülü sahipleri
Rusya Yahudileri
Amerikalı Nobel Ödülü sahipleri
Rusya Yahudisi asıllı Amerikalılar
Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahipleri
Yahudi yazarlar
İtalya'da defnedilenler
New York'ta ölenler

Joseph Brodsky


Aalborg Birk var en retskreds, der bestod af Aalborg Budolfi Landsogn.

Sognet er senere blevet delt i flere sogne – herunder Hasseris Sogn i Hornum Herred og Ansgars Sogn i Fleskum Herred.

I 1899 blev Sophus Frederik Ferdinand Ahlefeldt-Laurvig birkedommer i Aalborg Birk og herredsfoged i Fleskum Herred.

Aalborg Birk blev nedlagt ved den store retsreform i 1919.

Referencer

Ophørt i 1919
Birketing i Danmark
Birk

Aalborg Birk


Der Bahnhof Freiberg (Sachs) ist eine Betriebsstelle der Bahnstrecken Dresden–Werdau und Nossen–Moldava in Freiberg in Sachsen. Bis 1995 begann im Bahnhof außerdem die heute stillgelegte Bahnstrecke Freiberg–Halsbrücke.

Geschichte

Mit Eröffnung der Verlängerung der Bahnstrecke Dresden–Tharandt am 11. August 1862 nach Freiberg wurde auch der Bahnhof Freiberg (Sachs) eröffnet. Das für die damaligen Verhältnisse großzügige Empfangsgebäude entwarf der Freiberger Architekt und Professor Eduard Heuchler unter Verwendung neugotischer Stilelemente. Von diesen ist nach Instandsetzungsarbeiten im 20. Jahrhundert nicht mehr viel zu sehen, in seiner Grundsubstanz besteht das Empfangsgebäude von 1862 jedoch noch heute. Knapp sieben Jahre nach der Eröffnung ging am 1. März 1869 die Verlängerung der Bahnstrecke nach Chemnitz in Betrieb und der Bahnhof Freiberg wurde zum Durchgangsbahnhof. Im Folgejahrzehnt eröffnete die über Freiberg führende Bahnstrecke Nossen–Moldau. 1890 begann der Betrieb auf der Bahnstrecke Freiberg–Halsbrücke, die vor allem im Güterverkehr Bedeutung besaß. Der stark gewachsene Personen- und Güterverkehr erforderte ab 1900 den Umbau der Bahnanlagen des Bahnhofs. Die Gleisanlagen wurden nach Süden erweitert, Zwischenbahnsteige mit schienengleichen Reisendenzugängen durch Mittelbahnsteige mit Zugang durch Personentunnels und niveaugleiche Straßenübergänge durch Straßenunterführungen ersetzt.

Ein erster Bedeutungsrückgang trat ein, als der Reiseverkehr nach Halsbrücke (1975) und nach Nossen (1977) eingestellt wurde. 1997 endete dieser auch nach Brand-Erbisdorf und Langenau.

Die Freiburger IF-Unternehmensgruppe erwarb 2013 das Empfangsgebäude und einen Teil des Geländes von der Deutschen Bahn zu einem sechsstelligen Kaufpreis. Sie verkaufe es 2015 an die Aedificia Infrastruktur- und Entwicklungs GmbH aus Frankfurt/Main. Bei den beabsichtigten Sanierungsarbeiten sollten im Erdgeschoss weitere Einzelhandelsflächen und im Obergeschoss Büroflächen entstehen. Jedoch gab es kaum Bautätigkeiten und so verfiel das Gebäude immer mehr, sodass auch die Öffentlichkeit und die Stadt Freiberg selbst immer mehr Interesse an einem Kauf zeigte, die es von der Aedifica GmbH erwarb.

Seit dem 1. Dezember 2019 ist die Stadt Freiberg Eigentümer des Empfangsgebäudes und des umliegenden Grundstückes, sowie dem Parkplatz vor dem Gebäude. Erste Maßnahmen sind regelmäßige Müllabholungen und eine Reaktivierung der Außenbeleuchtung, zeitnah sollen zum einen die Wiedereröffnung der sanitären Anlagen und zum anderen die Eröffnung eines Kiosks sein, denn der ServiceStore der DB Station&Service war im März 2018 geschlossen worden, nachdem der Mietvertrag auslief; weiteres ist dazu nicht bekannt. Erste Überlegungen zur Nutzung seitens der Stadt beinhalten zudem eigene Verwaltungsbüros und privates Dienstleistungsgewerbe. Zur Erarbeitung eines Konzeptes fanden 2020 digitale Bürgerdialoge statt. Gleichzeitig wurde damit begonnen, das Dach abzudecken, um erste Erhaltungsmaßnahmen vorzunehmen. Zudem wurde ein Behelfsdach mit einem Gerüst errichtet. Die Wartehalle wurde aufgrund von Sicherheitsbedenken gesperrt.

Fahrgastinformation
Der Bahnhof wurde etwa 2000 mit elektronischen Fallblattanzeigern der Firma Omega Electronics aus der Schweiz ausgestattet. Trotz der relativ geringen Verkehrsanbindung erhielt der Bahnhof vergleichsweise teure Anzeiger, welche auch Zugteilungen und zwei verschiedene Zugtypen, Zugnummern, Hinweise, Zugläufe und Zugziele anzeigen konnten. Diese Anzeiger waren die letzte Generation und ihre Produktion wurde 2016 eingestellt. 2018 wurde damit begonnen die Anzeiger gegen moderne LCD-Anzeigen auszutauschen. Ein Gerät von Gleis 1 wurde an den Förderverein Zellwaldbahn e.V. abgegeben. Der Verein wiederum musste ihn 2020 wegen finanziellen Engpässen veräußern. Er wurde an einen privaten Sammler nach Oberbayern verkauft.

Bahnbetriebswerk
In den Anfangsjahren genügte ein einfacher zweiständiger Lokschuppen. Mit dem Bahnhofsumbau ab 1900 wurde auch ein neuer Ringlokschuppen mit Drehscheibe sowie die entsprechenden Behandlungsanlagen errichtet.

Der Lokbahnhof wurde 1936 zum selbstständigen Bahnbetriebswerk Freiberg erhoben, dem die Lokbahnhöfe Bienenmühle, Klingenberg-Colmnitz und Sayda unterstanden.

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg verlor das Bahnbetriebswerk Freiberg erheblich an Bedeutung, da die ehemals wichtige Strecke nach Moldau unterbrochen wurde. Auch wurde der Lokbahnhof Klingenberg-Colmnitz an das Bahnbetriebswerk Wilsdruff abgegeben.

Mit der Stilllegung der Schmalspurbahn Mulda–Sayda wurde die Einsatzstelle Sayda 1966 geschlossen, die Einsatzstelle Bienenmühle gab es bereits seit 1960 nicht mehr. Am 31. Mai 1967 wurde das Bahnbetriebswerk als selbstständige Dienststelle aufgelöst und als Einsatzstelle dem Bahnbetriebswerk Nossen angegliedert. Bereits am 1. Januar 1968 wurde Freiberg dem neugegründeten Bahnbetriebswerk Karl-Marx-Stadt zugeordnet. Recht bald wurden alle noch in Freiberg vorhandenen Lokomotiven an andere Dienststellen abgegeben, Freiberg war aber mindestens bis in die 1990er Jahre eine Personaleinsatzstelle.

Lokomotiveinsatz

Anfangs wurden ausschließlich Lokomotiven der Königlich Sächsischen Staatseisenbahnen eingesetzt. Erst ab Ende der 1920er-Jahre kamen vereinzelt andere Fahrzeuge dazu. Sächsische Länderbahnlokomotiven wurden aber ebenfalls bis in die 1960er Jahre hier stationiert.

Verkehrsanbindung
Der Bahnhof Freiberg war bis zu dessen Einstellung 2014 Verkehrshalt für den Franken-Sachsen-Express.

Gegenwärtig wird Freiberg von den Linien RE 3 Dresden–Hof und RB 30 Dresden–Zwickau der Bayerischen Oberlandbahn als Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn bedient. Hinzu kommen die Züge der Freiberger Eisenbahn (FEG) von und nach Holzhau. Alle Linien verkehren im Einstundentakt. Die Regionalexpress-Züge begegnen sich zur halben Stunde etwas vor der üblichen Symmetrieminute und haben jeweils Anschluss von und zu den Zügen der RB 83 nach Holzhau.

Seit 9. Dezember 2007 ist Freiberg auch ins Netz der S-Bahn Dresden eingebunden. Die Linie S 3 verkehrt montags bis freitags in den Hauptverkehrszeiten (5–7 Uhr und 13–16 Uhr) bis und ab Freiberg. Gemeinsam mit der RB 30 entsteht so zwischen Freiberg und Dresden in der HVZ ein 30-Minuten-Takt, der alle Unterwegshalte bedient. Zusammen mit dem RE 3 verkehren in der HVZ zwischen Freiberg und Dresden drei Zugpaare pro Stunde.

Zum kleinen Fahrplanwechsel am 12. Juni 2022 wurde die Intercity-Linie 17 der DB Fernverkehr mit zwei Zugpaaren täglich von Dresden über Freiberg nach Chemnitz Hbf verlängert.

Weblinks

 Darstellung des Bahnhofs auf der OpenRailwayMap

Einzelnachweise

Freiberg
Bauwerk in Freiberg
Verkehr (Freiberg)
Freiberg #Sachs
Kulturdenkmal in Freiberg

Bahnhof Freiberg (Sachs)


Aloysius Sudarso SCI (* 12. Dezember 1945 in Yogyakarta) ist ein indonesischer Ordensgeistlicher und emeritierter römisch-katholischer Erzbischof von Palembang.

Leben
Aloysius Sudarso trat der Ordensgemeinschaft der Dehonianer bei und empfing am 14. Dezember 1972 die Priesterweihe.

Papst Johannes Paul II. ernannte ihn am 17. November 1993 zum Weihbischof in Palembang und Titularbischof von Bavagaliana. Der Bischof von Palembang, Joseph Hubertus Soudant SCI, spendete ihm am 25. März des nächsten Jahres die Bischofsweihe; Mitkonsekratoren waren Alfred Gonti Pius Datubara OFMCap, Erzbischof von Medan, und Andreas Henrisusanta SCI, Bischof von Tanjungkarang.

Am 20. Mai 1997 wurde er zum Bischof von Palembang ernannt. Mit der Erhebung zum Erzbistum am 1. Juli 2003 wurde er zum Erzbischof von Palembang ernannt.

Papst Franziskus nahm am 3. Juli 2021 seinen altersbedingten Rücktritt an.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Römisch-katholischer Bischof (21. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Bischof (20. Jahrhundert)
Dehonianer
Erzbischof von Palembang
Indonesier
Geboren 1945
Mann

Aloysius Sudarso


Simone Elkeles (* 24. April 1970 in Chicago) ist eine US-amerikanische Autorin. Sie ist bekannt wegen der Trilogien Perfect Chemistry und How to Ruin, die zur Jugendliteratur zählen.

Leben
Simone Elkeles wuchs in der Gegend von Chicago auf, wo sie auch heute noch lebt. Die High School besuchte sie in Deerfield, Illinois, einem Vorort von Chicago. Im Anschluss studierte sie an der Universität von Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. Dort erreichte sie 1992 den Bachelor-Abschluss in Psychologie. Im Anschluss daran machte sie an der Loyola Universität in Chicago den Masterabschluss in Industrial Relations.

Simone Elkeles hat zwei Kinder.

Werke
Simone Elkeles hat bisher zehn Bücher im Bereich Jugendliteratur (Young Adult Fiction) geschrieben.

How-to-Ruin-Trilogie
 How to Ruin a Summer Vacation (2006) (deutsch: Nur ein kleiner Sommerflirt)
 How to Ruin My Teenage Life (2007) (deutsch: Zwischen uns die halbe Welt)
 How to Ruin Your Boyfriend's Reputation (2009) (deutsch: Kann das auch für immer sein?)
 Ruined (2010) (How to Ruin Trilogy: #1-3)

Leaving Paradise / Return to Paradise
 Leaving Paradise (2007)
 Return to Paradise (2010)

Perfect-Chemistry-Trilogie
 Perfect Chemistry (2008) (deutsch: Du oder das ganze Leben)
 Rules of Attraction (2010) (deutsch: Du oder der Rest der Welt)
 Chain Reaction (2011) (deutsch: Du oder die große Liebe)

Wild Cards
 Wild Cards (2013) (deutsch: Herz verspielt)
 Wild Crush (2015) (deutsch: Herz verloren)

Auszeichnungen
 2010 RITA Award für Perfect Chemistry

Weblinks

 Homepage von Simone Elkeles
 Perfect Chemistry als Webseite

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (Vereinigte Staaten)
Jugendliteratur
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1970
Frau

Simone Elkeles