Hommage à Callot est une oeuvre peinte par Francis Gruber (1912-1948) en 1942.

Contexte
Ce tableau a été peint par Francis Gruber en 1942 pour participer ainsi que 29 autres jeunes artistes à l'exposition « Hommage aux anciens » organisée par Jacques Bazaine à la galerie Friedland de Paris. Francis Gruber choisi comme Maître ancien Jacques Callot, artiste lorrain du , car il a dépeint dans sa série d'estampes Les Grandes Misères de la guerre les violences imposées à la population pendant la guerre de Trente Ans. Ce célèbre graveur est une figure de la résistance des lorrains aux tentatives d'annexion de la France. De façon similaire, Francis Gruber, asthmatique et donc non mobilisable, lutte à sa façon contre l'envahisseur allemand avec cette œuvre forte dont la portée patriotique était encore plus forte avant le passage à la censure : la femme couchée portait dans sa main un bouquet de fleurs bleue, blanches et rouges. Seules quelques touches tricolores autour de la jeune femme portent le souvenir de cette première version.

Description
Dans un paysage ravagé par la guerre, une femme inanimée est étendue nue au premier plan. Dans le ciel, des oiseaux rapaces font planer une menace sur une femme fuyant avec son enfant. À gauche une porte sans issue est posée dans le paysage. Devant un arbre mort, au centre du tableau, une chaise porte la reproduction d'une gravure de Jacques Callot de la série des Gueux.

Notes et références

Tableau d'un peintre français
Tableau réalisé en 1942
Nu féminin
Oiseau dans la peinture
Œuvre conservée au musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy
Œuvre sur la gravure

Hommage à Callot


Ciğer otları, Hepaticae ya da Marchantiophyta; bitkiler alemininin bir şubesi ya da karayosunları şubesinin bir sınıfı.

İlkel, çiçeksiz ve tohumsuz bitkilerdir. Çoğunlukla nemli topraklarda, kayalarda ve ağaç kütüklerinde yaşarlar. Gövdeleri yoktur, yapraklarında orta damar bulundurmazlar. Dallanmış kurdele şeklindeki yapıları toprak üzerinde uzanır. İletim dokuları yoktur. "Rizoid" denilen kökümsü yapılar ile toprağa tutunurlar.

Bitkinin asıl görünen kısmı gametofit nesildir. Yapraklı karayosunlarında olduğu gibi sporofit nesil bir parazit olarak gametofit neslin üzerinde gelişir. Bazı gametofitlerin üzerinde "gemma çanağı" denilen yapılar bulunur. Bunlar, ana bitkiden ayrılıp, eşeysiz üremeyi sağlayan yapılardır. Gametofit nesli oluştururlar. Yani döl değişimi görülür. Gametofit neslin üzeri tek tabakalı epidermis ile kaplı olup, gaz alışverişini sağlayan birçok pora sahiptir. Alt yüzeyinde bulunan epidermisde çok sayıda ince pullar bulunur. Bu pullardan uzun ve ince rizoidler gelişir.

Resimler

Ayrıca bakınız

 Boynuz otları
 Yapraklı kara yosunları
 Kara yosunları

Dış bağlantılar

 Ciğeotları hakkında bilgi
 Ciğerotları
 Resimlerle Ciğerotları
 Ciğerotları hakkında
 Ciğerotları sınıflandırması
 Ciğerotları, Boynuzotları ve Yapraklı karayosunları akrabalıkları

Kaynakça

Ciğer otları


El Gran Premio de Sharm el-Sheikh (oficialmente: Grand Prix de Sharm el-Sheikh) es una carrera ciclista de un día que se disputa en la ciudad de Sharm el-Sheij (Egipto) y sus alrededores, en el mes de febrero.

Se comenzó a disputar en 2007 formando parte del UCI Africa Tour, dentro de la categoría 1.2 (última categoría del profesionalismo). Siendo su última edición en 2009.

Palmarés

Palmarés por países

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Gran Premio de Sharm el-Sheikh (sitiodeciclismo.net)

Sharm el-Sheikh
Sharm el-Sheikh

Gran Premio de Sharm el-Sheikh


Morgan Geekie (né le  à Strathclair, dans la province du Manitoba au Canada) est un joueur professionnel canadien de hockey sur glace. Il évolue à la position de centre.

Biographie

Carrière de joueur

Statistiques
Pour les significations des abréviations, voir statistiques du hockey sur glace.

| 2013-2014 || Americans de Tri-City || LHOu || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2014-2015 || Natives de Neepawa || LHJM || 2 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2014-2015 || Americans de Tri-City || LHOu || 9 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 2015-2016 || Americans de Tri-City || LHOu || 66 || 12 || 13 || 25 || 10 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2016-2017 || Americans de Tri-City || LHOu || 72 || 35 || 55 || 90 || 40 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 4
|-
| 2017-2018 || Americans de Tri-City || LHOu || 68 || 30 || 54 || 84 || 32 || 14 || 17 || 10 || 27 || 4
|-
| 2018-2019 || Checkers de Charlotte || LAH || 73 || 19 || 27 || 46 || 22 || 19 || 8 || 10 || 18 || 6
|-
| 2019-2020 || Checkers de Charlotte || LAH || 55 || 22 || 20 || 42 || 54 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2019-2020 || Hurricanes de la Caroline || LNH || 2 || 3 || 1 || 4 || 2 || 8 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| 2020-2021 || Hurricanes de la Caroline || LNH || 36 || 3 || 6 || 9 || 10 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| 2020-2021 || Wolves de Chicago || LAH || 2 || 4 || 1 || 5 || 2 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2021-2022 || Kraken de Seattle || LNH || 73 || 7|| 15 || 22 || 18 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2022-2023 || Kraken de Seattle || LNH || 69 || 9 || 19 || 28 || 24|| 13 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 12

| 180 || 22 || 41 || 63 || 54 || 24 || 2 || 3 || 5 || 12

Notes et références

Naissance en juillet 1998
Naissance au Manitoba
Joueur canadien de hockey sur glace
Attaquant de hockey sur glace
Choix de repêchage des Hurricanes de la Caroline
Joueur des Americans de Tri-City
Joueur des Checkers de Charlotte (LAH)
Champion de la Coupe Calder
Joueur des Hurricanes de la Caroline
Joueur des Wolves de Chicago (LAH)
Joueur du Kraken de Seattle

Morgan Geekie


Det Baleariske Hav er den del af Middelhavet, som ligger mellem øgruppen Balearerne og det spanske fastland. Grænsen mod selve Middelhavet regnes fra Kap San Antonio ved Benidorm, omkring Balearerne og op til Costa Brava nord for Barcelona.

Det Baleariske Hav


Mary Louise Smith, née Epperson le  à Eddyville (Iowa) et morte le  à Des Moines (Iowa), est une femme politique et militante féministe américaine membre du Parti républicain. Elle est la deuxième femme à devenir présidente d'un grand parti politique aux États-Unis.

Biographie
Née Mary Louise Epperson, elle épouse Elmer M. Smith, étudiant en médecine, qu'elle a connu à l'université de l'Iowa. Elle obtient en 1935 un diplôme en administration du travail social et travaille pour l'Iowa Employment Relief Administration à Iowa City.

Après avoir déménagé à Eagle Grove, elle rejoint le Parti républicain. Elle devient présidente du Conseil des femmes républicaines de l'Iowa en 1961 et est élue vice-présidente du Comité central républicain du comté de Wright en 1962. Elle est élue membre du Comité national de l'Iowa en 1964, fonction qu'elle occupe pendant les vingt années suivantes.

En 1974, à la suite du scandale du Watergate, le président Gerald Ford la nomme présidente du Comité national républicain ; elle est la première femme à accéder à cette fonction, qu'elle occupe jusqu'en 1977. En devient alors la première femme républicaine, et la deuxième d'un grand parti américain (la première étant Jean Westwood, en 1972, pour le Parti démocrate), à organiser une convention de nomination présidentielle, en l'occurence la , à Kansas City. En 1977, elle intègre le . En 1978, elle est la codirectrice du comité de campagne du gouverneur de l'Iowa Robert D. Ray, candidat à sa réelection.

En 1979 sort le jeu de cartes à collectionner  ; l'une des cartes figure Mary Louise Smith.

Elle fait campagne pour George H. W. Bush lors des primaires républicaines de 1980, puis soutient Ronald Reagan lors des élections présidentielles de 1980 et de 1984. Élu, Ronald Reagan la nomme vice-présidente de la Commission des droits civils des États-Unis mais ne la reconduit pas en 1984. Mary Louise Smith est une libérale sociale mais le Parti républicain commençait alors à se droitiser. En 1991, le président George H. W. Bush la nomme au conseil d'administration de l'Institut américain pour la paix (USIP). Influencée par son mari, médecin lors de la guerre du Viêt Nam, elle s'investit sur le sujet et siège dans cet organisme jusqu'à sa mort.

Elle est aussi membre du Republican Mainstream Committee, du Caucus politique des femmes de l'Iowa et du Planned Parenthood de l'Iowa. Elle défend avec vigueur l'Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), qui n'est pas adopté.

En 1995, l'université d'État de l'Iowa crée une chaire Mary Louise Smith sur les questions féminines. De nombreux prix ou distinctions portent son nom à travers l'État.

Mary Louise Smith meurt en 1997 d'un cancer des poumons, âgée de 82 ans. Veuve, elle avait trois enfants.

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 Suzanne O'Dea, Madame Chairman: Mary Louise Smith and the Republican Revival After Watergate, University of Missouri Press, 2012, 216 pages.

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1914
Naissance en Iowa
Décès en août 1997
Décès à 82 ans
Décès à Des Moines (Iowa)
Mort d'un cancer du poumon
Étudiant de l'université de l'Iowa
Féministe américaine
Femme politique américaine
Personnalité politique américaine du XXe siècle
Président du Comité national républicain
Pionnière en politique
Mort d'un cancer aux États-Unis

Mary Louise Smith (femme politique)


Piersele () ist ein Ort im Norden der polnischen Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren. Es liegt im Powiat Bartoszycki (Kreis Bartenstein (Ostpr.)) und gehört zur Gmina Bartoszyce (Landgemeinde Bartenstein).

Geographische Lage
Piersele liegt 14 Kilometer nordwestlich der Kreisstadt Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) und fünf Kilometer südöstlich der früheren und heute auf russischem Hoheitsgebiet gelegenen ehemaligen Kreisstadt Preußisch Eylau (), sowie drei Kilometer südlich der Grenze zum russischen Oblast Kaliningrad im ehemaligen Ostpreußen.

Geschichte

Ortsgeschichte
Piersele war ein adliges Gut. Das Gutshaus war in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts neu errichtet worden. Am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts befand sich das Gut im Besitz von Angehörigen der Familie Falkenhayn. Um 1807 war der Hauptmann a. D. Bernhard von Falkenhayn der Gutsherr. Zur Zeit der Schlacht bei Preußisch Eylau im Februar 1807 war im Gutshaus ein Lazarett eingerichtet worden. Vor 1833 hatte das Gut eine Fläche von 848 Morgen, und in dem Dorf lebten in neun Haushaltungen insgesamt 63 Einwohner. Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts befand sich das Gut im Besitz eines Zweigs der Familie Berg.

Am 7. Mai 1874 wurde Perscheln Amtsdorf und damit namensgebend für einen Amtsbezirk im ostpreußischen Kreis Preußisch Eylau. Die Zahl der Einwohner des Dorfes belief sich im Jahre 1910 auf 98.

Am 30. September 1928 schlossen sich die Nachbarorte Perscheln und Zohlen (polnisch Solno) zur Landgemeinde Zohlen-Perscheln zusammen, die bis 1945 bestand. Bemerkenswert war, dass beide Orte jeweils weiterhin dem bisherigen Amtsbezirk zugehörig blieben.

Perscheln gehörte eben auch als Ortsteil der Gemeinde Zohlen-Perscheln bis 1945 zum Landkreis Preußisch Eylau im Regierungsbezirk Königsberg der preußischen Provinz Ostpreußen. Das Gutshaus hatte den Zweiten Weltkrieg weitgehend unbeschädigt überstanden.

Im März 1945 kam Perscheln mit dem südlichen Ostpreußen unter die Verwaltung der Volksrepublik Polen. Sie benannte es in Piersele um, vertrieb die Einwohner und wandelte das Gut in einen landwirtschaftlichen Staatsbetrieb um. Das Gutshaus zerfiel und wurde später abgebrochen.

Das Dorf ist heute ein Teil der Gmina Bartoszyce (Landgemeinde Bartoszyce) im gleichnamigen Powiat der Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren (1975–1998 Woiwodschaft Olsztyn).

Amtsbezirk Perscheln (1874–1945)
Zum Amtsbezirk Perscheln gehörten anfangs fünf, später noch vier Orte. Die Dörfer selbst oder ihre verbliebenen leeren Ortsstellen liegen heute auf polnischem (PL) wie auch auf russischem (RUS) Gebiet:

Kirche
Bis 1945 war Perscheln nach Preußisch Eylau (russisch Bagrationowsk) eingepfarrt: zur dortigen evangelische Pfarrkirche in der Kirchenprovinz Ostpreußen der Kirche der Altpreußischen Union und außerdem zur römisch-katholischen Kirche der Kreisstadt im damaligen Bistum Ermland.

Heute gehört Piersele katholischerseits zur Pfarrei in Bezledy (Beisleiden) im jetzigen Erzbistum Ermland, evangelischerseits zur Kirchengemeinde in Bartoszyce (Bartenstein), einer Filialgemeinde der Johanneskirche Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) in der Diözese Masuren der Evangelisch-Augsburgischen Kirche in Polen.

Verkehr
Piersele liegt westlich der polnischen Landesstraße 51 (einstige deutsche Reichsstraße 128) und direkt zu erreichen.

Eine Bahnanbindung besteht nicht mehr, seit die Bahnlinien Bahnstrecke Königsberg–Preußisch Eylau bzw. Bahnstrecke Preußisch Eylau–Lyck (–Prostken) heute getrennt sind und nicht mehr in Gänze befahren werden. So ist nicht nur Piersele, sondern mehr noch die Stadt Bagrationowsk ohne Anschluss an den Bahnverkehr.

Persönlichkeiten

Aus dem Ort gebürtig
 Hermann von Michaelis (1813–1890), Generalleutnant

Mit dem Ort verbunden
 Hermann von Berg-Perscheln (1814–18880), preußischer Offizier und Landrat, Mitglied des pr. Abgeordnetenhauses, verstarb am 1. Mai 1880 in Perscheln

Literatur
 Ludwig von Baczko: Begebenheiten des Hauptmanns von Falkenhayn auf Perscheln, in den Tagen der Schlacht bei Pr. Eylau. In: Beiträge zu Kunde Preußens. Band 2, Königsberg 1819, S. 177–193. (Volltext)
 Host Schulz, Emil Johannes Guttzeit: Der Kreis Preußisch-Eylau. Geschichte und Dokumentation eines ostpreussischen Landkreises. (Hrsg.): Kreisgemeinschaft Preußisch Eylau, Verden/Ahlen 1983.

Weblinks
 Bildarchiv Ostpreußen: Slideshow Perscheln
 Informationszentrum Ostpreußen: Piersele – Perscheln

Einzelnachweise

Ort der Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren
Gmina Bartoszyce

Piersele


A Supercopa Argentina de Voleibol Masculino de 2017, oficialmente Copa Master Banco Nación 2017 por questões de patrocínio, foi a 8.ª edição deste torneio organizado anualmente pela Associação de Clubes da Liga Argentina de Voleibol (ACLAV). O torneio ocorreu nos dias 11 e 12 de outubro e contou com a presença de quatro equipes argentinas.

A equipe do UPCN Vóley Club comemorou o sexto título da Copa Master em oito edições disputadas, vencendo por 3 sets a 0 o Lomas Vóley.

Regulamento
O torneio foi disputado em sistema eliminatório, nas fases semifinais e final.

Local das partidas

Equipes participantes
As seguintes equipes se qualificaram para a Supercopa Argentina de 2017.

Resultados
 As partidas seguem o horário local (UTC−3).
 Semifinais

|}

 Final

|}

Premiação

Ligações externas

Supercopa Argentina de Voleibol Masculino
2017 no voleibol
Desporto na Argentina em 2017


The year 1773 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

 October 13 – French astronomer Charles Messier discovers the Whirlpool Galaxy (pictured), an interacting, grand design spiral galaxy located at a distance of approximately 23 million light-years in the constellation Canes Venatici.
 Lagrange presents his work on the secular equation of the Moon to the Académie française, introducing the idea of the potential of a body. He also publishes on the attraction of ellipsoids.

Chemistry
 Hilaire Rouelle discovers urea.
 Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Joseph Priestley independently isolate oxygen, called by Priestley "dephlogisticated air" and Scheele "fire air".
 Antoine Baumé publishes his textbook Chymie expérimentale et raisonnée in Paris.

Exploration
 January 17 – English Captain James Cook becomes the first European explorer to cross the Antarctic Circle.
 Spring – English Captain Tobias Furneaux explores the coast of Van Diemen's Land.
 June 4–September 30 – British Royal Navy Phipps expedition towards the North Pole, which produces the first scientific description of the polar bear and the ivory gull.

Linguistics
 Scottish judge James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, begins publication of Of the Origin and Progress of Language, a contribution to evolutionary ideas of the Enlightenment.

Mathematics
 Lagrange considers a functional determinant of order 3, a special case of a Jacobian. He also proves the expression for the volume of a tetrahedron with one of the vertices at the origin as one sixth of the absolute value of the determinant formed by the coordinates of the other three vertices.

Medicine
 October 12 – North America's first insane asylum opens for 'Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds' in Williamsburg, Virginia.
 Medical Society of London founded by John Coakley Lettsom.
 Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau proposes the use of "muriatic acid gas" (hydrogen chloride) for fumigation of buildings.

Technology
 David Hartley patents a method of fireproofing construction for buildings and ships in Britain.

Institutions
 Istanbul Technical University is established (under the original name of Royal School of Naval Engineering) as the world's first comprehensive institution of higher learning dedicated to engineering education.

Awards
 Copley Medal: John Walsh
 John Harrison receives the Longitude prize for his invention of the marine chronometer.

Births
 January 29 – Friedrich Mohs, German mineralogist (died 1839)
 February 24 - Jean Boniface Textoris, French military surgeon (died 1828)
 April 9 – Marie Boivin, French midwife, inventor and obstetrics writer (died 1841)
 May 19 – Arthur Aikin, English chemist and mineralogist (died 1854)
 June 13 – Thomas Young, English physicist (died 1829)
 June 29 (bapt.) – John Bostock, English physician and geologist (died 1846)
 July 23 – Thomas Brisbane, Scottish astronomer and Governor of New South Wales (died 1860)
 August 23 – Abraham Colles, Anglo-Irish surgeon (died 1843)
 October 28 – Simon Goodrich, English mechanical engineer (died 1847)
 December 21 – Robert Brown, Scottish botanist (died 1858)
 December 27 – George Cayley, English pioneer of heavier-than-air flight (died 1857)

Deaths
 July 16 – Nils Rosén von Rosenstein, Swedish pediatrician (born 1706)
 July 23 – George Edwards, English naturalist (born 1693)

References

18th century in science
1770s in science

1773 in science


Hipólito y Aricia (Hippolyte et Aricie) es una ópera barroca en cinco actos, precedida por un prólogo alegórico, con música de Jean-Philippe Rameau y libreto en francés de Simon-Joseph Pellegrin, basado en la tragedia Fedra, de Racine. Es la primera ópera de Rameau, que se estrenó con gran controversia en la Académie Royale de Musique de París el 1 de octubre de 1733. La ópera asume la forma tradicional de una tragédie en musique, prácticamente lo único que los primeros públicos encontraron convencional.

Historia de su composición

Cuando escribió Hipólito, Rameau tenía casi cincuenta años de edad, y había poco en su vida que sugiriera que se iba a embarcar en una nueva carrera como compositor de ópera. Era famoso por sus obras sobre teoría musical así como por libros con piezas para teclado. Lo más cerca que había estado de escribir música dramática había sido componer unas cuantas cantatas profanas y algunas piezas populares para las ferias de París. En algún momento del año 1732, Rameau se dirigió a Pellegrin y le pidió un libreto. Pellegrin había escrito el libreto para la tragédie en musique de Michel de Montéclair Jephté, obra que impresionó bastante a Rameau. Hipólito y Aricia tuvo un ensayo en casa del patrón de Rameau, La Pouplinière, en abril de 1733, y empezó a ensayarse en la Opéra en septiembre. Para disgusto de Rameau, los músicos del teatro de ópera encontraron el segundo trío de las Parcas (Trio des Parques), una de las músicas más queridas del compositor, demasiado difícil de interpretar, por lo que fue suprimido.

Su recepción: lullistas versus ramistas

La tragédie en musique era un género inventado por Lully y su libretista Quinault en los años 1670 y en los 1680. Desde entonces, sus obras se habían enseñoreado de los escenarios y habían pasado a ser consideradas una auténtica institución nacional francesa. Cuando se estrenó Hipólito y Aricia, muchos de los asistentes quedaron encantados, alabando a Rameau como "el Orfeo de nuestro siglo". André Campra quedó asombrado por la riqueza de invención:
"Hay suficiente música en esta ópera para hacer otras diez; este hombre nos eclipsará a todos".

A otros, sin embargo, la música les pareció estrafalaria y disonante (Hipólito fue la primera ópera descrita como barroca, un término entonces insultante). Vieron la obra de Rameau como un ataque a la ópera lulliana y la tradición musical francesa. Como señala Sylvie Bouissou:
"De un plumazo Rameau se llevó por delante todo lo que Lully había tardado años en edificar: la orgullosa, chauvinista y complaciente unión de los franceses en torno a un mismo objeto cultural, el legado de su genio y el de Quinault. De pronto, la estética ramoísta causó estragos en la confianza de los franceses en su patrimonio, violando su ópera nacional, que consideraban inamovible."

El conjunto del público y la crítica musical se escindió en dos facciones, que eran la de los lullistas, tradicionales, y la de los partidarios de Rameau: los ramoístas (o, en francés, ramoneurs, término que se aplica también a los deshollinadores). La controversia estaría vigente durante casi toda la década de 1730.

Historia de su interpretación

Cuando se estrenó, esta ópera alcanzó la respetable cifra de cuarenta representaciones. Se repuso para otras cuarenta en la temporada de 1742-43, y de nuevo en 1757 y en 1767. Las reposiciones en vida de Rameau llevaron aparejadas varias revisiones, como acostumbraba a hacer el compositor. Nunca fue la ópera más popular de Rameau, pero su significado fue reconocido casi inmediatamente y al menos el Trio des Parques alcanzó gran popularidad en el , una época en que no se representaban las óperas de Rameau. La primera reposición moderna tuvo lugar en París el 13 de mayo de 1908. Otro hito fue la grabación realizada por Anthony Lewis en 1966.

En los últimos años, Hippolyte et Aricie ha dado muestras de que podría volver a instalarse en el repertorio habitual de los teatros de ópera, junto a los principales hitos del revival barroco: entre las numerosas y aplaudidas interpretaciones recientes de la obra citemos las de John Eliot Gardiner (en el Festival de Aix-en-Provence en 1982), Marc Minkowski (en la Journée Rameau 1993 del Centre Baroque de Versailles, 2 conciertos y CD grabado para la ocasión), William Christie (en la Opéra National de Paris en 1996, de la que también se grabó un CD) (en Glyndebourne en el 2013, con transmisión en vivo y en cines y edición de un DVD) y Emmanuelle Haïm (con el deslumbrante espectáculo dirigido por Ivan Alexandre en el Théâtre du Capitole de Toulouse en el 2009).

Personajes

En el grupo de ballet estaba La Camargo.

Notas y referencias

 GIRDLESTONE, Cuthbert: Jean-Philippe Rameau: His Life and Works (Jean-Philippe Rameau: su vida y sus obras). 1957.

 SADLER, Graham: Jean-Philippe Rameau, en The New Grove: French Baroque Masters (1986).
 Véase "George Grove".

 Magazine de l'opéra baroque; en francés.

Enlaces externos

10 grabaciones de esta ópera - en operadis (en inglés)
 Notas, discografía y libreto (francés / español) en Kareol

Óperas basadas en piezas de teatro
Hipolito y Aricia (Rameau)
Hipolito y Aricia
Hipolito y Aricia (Rameau)
Hipolito y Aricia (Rameau)
Hipolito y Aricia (Rameau)
Rameau

Hipólito y Aricia (Rameau)


Clifford Forsythe (24 August 1929 – 27 April 2000) was an Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) politician who served as the  Member of Parliament (MP) for South Antrim from 1983 until his death in 2000.

Early life

He was a footballer with Derry City and Linfield Football Clubs.  He won several footballing medals, and was described as a 'fine, speedy winger'.

Career

He had previously been Mayor of Newtownabbey Borough Council, and was also a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly from 1982 to 1986. He also once served as the President of the Northern Ireland Institute of Plumbing.

Forsythe was the constituency election agent for Ulster Unionist leader James Molyneaux,  and later won the same seat, albeit with a reduced majority, in 1983.

In his paper Quangopus Government published by the Ulster Unionist Party in June 1992, Forsythe – as the then UUP Spokesman on Local Government – argued for devolution of responsibility to locally elected representatives.

In 1996, Forsythe survived an attempt to deselect him as an MP.

Political views

Like Molyneaux, Forsythe opposed the Good Friday Agreement and supported proposals for a Northern Ireland-wide administrative assembly/regional council (with powers broadly analogous to the National Assembly for Wales) to administer legislation and public services that were, at that time, administered by Northern Ireland Office Ministers, civil servants and quangos.

On more than one occasion, Forsythe claimed that his experience – both in the 1982–86 Northern Ireland Assembly and as a Past Vice-Chairman of the Ulster Monday Club – led him to conclude that the unimplemented 1979 Conservative General Election Manifesto commitment to administrative devolution in Northern Ireland offered the way forward for Northern Ireland.

He was an active member of the House of Commons' Social Security Select Committee from 1991–1997, and the Environment, Transport and the Regions Select Committee from 1997 until his death in 2000.

Shortly before his death, Forsythe criticised the Government for its failure to tackle social security fraud by paramilitary groups.

He argued that air travel between Great Britain and Northern Ireland should be exempt from air passenger duty, on the basis that the tax unfairly disadvantaged Northern Ireland compared with the rest of the United Kingdom given the limited alternative means of travelling between Belfast and London.

References

External links

1929 births
2000 deaths
Linfield F.C. players
Derry City F.C. players
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Antrim constituencies (since 1922)
Northern Ireland MPAs 1982–1986
Ulster Unionist Party members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
Mayors of Newtownabbey
Members of Newtownabbey Borough Council
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
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Men's association football players not categorized by position
Association footballers from County Antrim
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Clifford Forsythe


Ralf E. Mutschelknauss (* 25. Mai 1931 in Pforzheim; † 26. April 2012) war ein deutscher Parodontologe.

Werdegang
Mutschelknauss studierte Zahnmedizin und Medizin in Frankfurt, Lausanne und München, wo er 1954 und 1958 seine Promotionsschriften vorlegte. 1963 kam er an die Zahnklinik der Universität Münster, wo Professor Eugen Wannenmacher eine eigene parodontologische Abteilung aufbaute. Nach Habilitation 1965 übernahm er 1967 die Leitung dieser Abteilung. Anfang der 1970er Jahre verließ er die Hochschule und eröffnete in Stuttgart eine Praxis.

Nach dem Tod von Eugen Fröhlich übernahm er das Amt des Präsidenten der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Parodontologie (Arpa). Unter ihm kam es 1971 zur Auflösung des Verbandes und zur Neugründung als Deutsche Gesellschaft für Parodontologie, deren Präsident er bis 1974 blieb. In den Jahren 1984/85 war er Präsident der wissenschaftlichen Vereinigung von Zahnärzten "Neue Gruppe" und später deren Ehrenmitglied.

Er ist Verfasser des Lehrbuchs der klinischen Parodontologie.

Literatur
 Neue Gruppe Nachrichten (PDF-Datei; 7,14 MB), Heft 09, Herbst 1996

Einzelnachweise

Zahnarzt
Hochschullehrer (Universität Münster)
Deutscher
Geboren 1931
Gestorben 2012
Mann

Ralf Mutschelknauss


William Henry Davis "Alfalfa Bill" Murray (November 21, 1869 – October 15, 1956) was an American educator, lawyer, and politician who became active in Oklahoma before statehood as legal adviser to Governor Douglas H. Johnston of the Chickasaw Nation. Although not American Indian, he was appointed by Johnston as the Chickasaw delegate to the 1905 Convention for the proposed State of Sequoyah. Later he was elected as a delegate to the 1906 constitutional convention for the proposed state of Oklahoma; it was admitted in 1907.

Murray was elected as a representative and the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives after statehood. He also was elected as U.S. Representative (D-Oklahoma), and later as the ninth governor of Oklahoma from 1931 to 1935. During his tenure as governor in years of the Great Depression, he established a record for the number of times he used the National Guard to perform duties in the state and for declaring martial law at a time of unrest.

Early life and education
William Henry Davis Murray was born on November 21, 1869, in the town of Toadsuck, Texas (renamed "Collinsville" in the 1880s). He was born to Uriah Dow Thomas Murray, a farmer, and Bertha Elizabeth (Jones). His mother died when he was two years old. His father remarried and moved the family to Montague, Texas. At the age of twelve, Murray left home.

During most of Murray's adolescence, he worked on farms during the summer and attended public schools in the winter. Murray worked and studied hard, and was admitted to the College Hill Institute in Springtown, Texas. He graduated from College Hill with a teaching degree in 1889 and began teaching in a public school in Parker County, Texas.

Murray became politically active and joined the Farmers' Alliance and the Democratic Party. He was a skilled orator and campaigned for James Stephen Hogg when the latter ran for Governor of Texas.

Early career
Murray moved to Corsicana, Texas, where he founded a newspaper that survived for two years. During this time he ran for the state senate, but failed both attempts. He moved to Fort Worth, Texas, where he worked as a writer for the Fort Worth Gazette.  While at College Hill, Murray had taken an interest in law and "read the law" in Fort Worth. He passed the Texas bar exam in 1897, and first practiced law in Fort Worth, Texas.

Indian Territory
In 1898, Murray moved to Tishomingo, the capital of the Chickasaw Nation in the Indian Territory (now eastern Oklahoma), where he started a law practice. Murray's legal knowledge and colorful personality brought him to the attention of Douglas H. Johnston, the Governor of the Chickasaw Nation, who appointed him as legal advisor.  A year later, Murray married Johnston's niece Mary Alice Hearrell (see below). In addition to practicing law in Tishomingo, Murray began to learn farming and ranching.

He acquired his nickname "Alfalfa" around 1902 while working as a political operative for Palmer S. Moseley, gubernatorial candidate for the Oklahoma Territory. Murray frequently toured to give talks to local farmers about politics and farming. He often referred to a large tract of alfalfa which he cultivated.  Arthur Sinclair, who heard one of his speeches, reported to the editor of the Tishomingo Capital-Democrat that he had just seen "Alfalfa Bill" deliver one of his finest speeches. The name stuck with Murray for the rest of his life.

Marriage and family
On July 19, 1899, Murray married Mary Alice Hearrell, niece of Chickasaw Governor Douglas H. Johnston. They had five children together. Their son, Johnston Murray, born in 1902, followed his father into politics and was elected as Governor of Oklahoma in 1950, serving 1951-1955.

States of Sequoyah and Oklahoma
Murray's relationship with the Chickasaw Governor Johnston benefited his political career. By 1903, American Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes were talking of seeking statehood for Indian Territory as an independent, Indian-controlled state, to be called the State of Sequoyah.

In 1905, the tribes organized a convention to draw up a state constitution. Governor Johnston appointed Murray to represent the Chickasaw at the convention in Muskogee. Of the six delegates at the convention, four were Native Americans; Murray and Charles N. Haskell were the only non-tribal, European Americans. The delegates drafted a constitution, which in a referendum was overwhelmingly approved by the voters of the Five Tribes.

Trying to avoid another state that might be dominated by Democrats (because of the Five Civilized Tribes' origin in the Southeast and their histories of slave-holding and alliance with the Confederacy in the Civil War), President Theodore Roosevelt, a Republican, opposed separate statehood for Sequoyah. Roosevelt insisted that the Indian and Oklahoma territories had to be admitted as one state – Oklahoma.

In response to Congress's passage of the Enabling Act in 1906, the people of the two territories held a joint convention. Murray was elected as the delegate for District 104, which included Tishomingo. At the convention in Guthrie, Murray worked closely with Robert L. Williams and again with Charles N. Haskell. They became lifelong friends and political allies.

Due to his experience in Chickasaw politics, Murray was elected by the delegates in 1906 as the President of the Constitutional Convention. He kept Haskell close to him; one newspaper reported the latter was the "power behind the throne." Together, the two men controlled the convention, gradually shifting power away from the president and vice-president of the convention, Pleasant Porter (Creek) and Green McCurtain (Choctaw). The Oklahoma Constitution produced under their guidance was substantially based on elements of the Sequoyah Constitution.

The proposed constitution included white-supremacist and segregationist clauses strongly supported by Murray. President Roosevelt objected to these clauses and obtained their deletion before the constitution was submitted to Congress. The US Congress admitted Oklahoma to the Union as the 46th state on November 16, 1907.

Oklahoma politics

With the state constitution in place, elections were held in 1907 for offices of the new state government. Murray was elected as a state representative and, after being admitted to office, as the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. His ally Charles Haskell was elected as the state's first governor.

As a speaker, Murray often opposed the progressive work of Kate Barnard, Commissioner of Charities and Corrections, and he pushed for Jim Crow laws similar to those in southern states to control blacks:
"We should adopt a provision prohibiting the mixed marriages of negroes with other races in this State, and provide for separate schools and give the Legislature power to separate them in waiting rooms and on passenger coaches, and all other institutions in the State ... As a rule they are failures as lawyers, doctors and in other professions...I appreciate the old-time ex-slave, the old darky – and they are the salt of their race – who comes to me talking softly in that humble spirit which should characterize their actions and dealings with the white man." Murray left the state legislature after one term and did not seek re-election in 1908.

In 1910, Murray ran for governor but lost in the Democratic primary. In 1912, Murray was elected as U.S. Representative from one of Oklahoma's three at-large seats. (Oklahoma had gained three seats in the 1910 Congressional apportionment but had not drawn up a new district map.) In 1914, he was elected to a second term from Oklahoma's 4th congressional district under the new map. In 1916, he was defeated for renomination as the Democratic candidate for this district.

In 1918, Murray again ran for governor and lost in the Democratic primary. He retired from politics and returned to private law practice in Tishomingo.

In 1924, Murray led a group of Oklahoma ranchers who formed a private colony in southeastern Bolivia. His son Johnston Murray joined him in this effort. He and his son stayed in Bolivia until 1929 when both returned to Oklahoma. Murray began a campaign for the Democratic nomination for governor in 1930.

Governor of Oklahoma

Murray won the Democratic nomination, and won the general election by almost 100,000 votes, the largest majority of any Oklahoma governor up to that time. His campaign slogan, at a time of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, railed against "The Three C's – Corporations, Carpetbaggers, and Coons."

Murray was inaugurated as the ninth Governor of Oklahoma on January 12, 1931. He faced the harsh problems of the Great Depression. Under the previous Governor, William J. Holloway, the state government had accumulated a deficit of over $5,000,000 in its effort to encourage jobs and provide welfare. Mass unemployment, mortgage foreclosures, the deficit, and bank failures haunted Murray's administration. In 1931, the legislature appropriated $600,000 for emergency necessities. Through money collected from state employees, businessmen, and his own salary, Murray financed programs to feed Oklahoma's poor. No federal relief program had yet been instituted. Murray became a national leader for the victims of the Depression, and called for a national council for relief to be held at Memphis, Tennessee in June 1931.

During "Alfalfa Bill" Murray's campaign for governor, he promised to crack down on corruption and favoritism for the rich, to abolish half the clerk jobs at the State House, to appoint no family members, to reduce the number of state-owned cars from 800 to 200, never to use convict labor to compete with commercial labor, and not to abuse the power of pardon. Once in office, he appointed wealthy patrons and 20 of his relatives to high office, purchased more cars, used prisoners to make ice for sale and clean the capitol building, and violated all the other promises. When the State Auditor pointed out that 1,050 new employees had been added to the state payroll, Murray simply said, "Just damned lies." For each abuse of power, Murray claimed a mandate from "the sovereign will of the people".

The government of Oklahoma faced failure, not only because of the massive deficit, but because many of Oklahoma's citizens could not pay their debts. To speed the collection of funds, at Murray's urging the Legislature created the Oklahoma Tax Commission. This three-member commission was responsible for the collection and administration of taxes, licenses and fees from all citizens. The new agency established safeguards against tax evasion and helped to stem the drain on the state's tax revenue.

Due to the severity of the depression, Murray relied on the Oklahoma National Guard to enforce the state's laws through the use of martial law. Murray did this in spite of impeachment threats from the Oklahoma Senate. During his tenure as governor, Murray called out the Guard and charged them with duties ranging from policing ticket sales at University of Oklahoma football games to patrolling the oil fields.

Murray also used the Guard during the "Toll Bridge War" between Oklahoma and Texas. A joint project to build a free bridge across the Red River on U.S. Highway 75 between Durant, Oklahoma and Denison, Texas turned into a major dispute when the Governor of Texas blocked traffic from entering his state on the new bridge. The Red River Bridge Company of Texas owned the original toll bridge and had a dispute over its purchase deal. Murray sent the Guard to reopen the bridge in July 1931. Texas had to retreat when lawyers determined that Oklahoma had jurisdiction over both banks of the river.

Murray used the Guard to reduce oil production in the hopes of raising prices. Because of the vast quantity of newly opened wells in Texas and Oklahoma, oil prices had sunk below the costs of production. Murray and three other governors met in Fort Worth, Texas to demand lower production. When the Oklahoma producers did not comply, on August 4, 1931, Murray called out the Guard, declared martial law, and ordered that some 3,000 oil wells be shut down.

By the end of his administration in 1935, Murray had used the National Guard on 47 occasions and declared martial law more than 30 times. As the state constitution prevented governors from succeeding themselves in office, Murray could not run for reelection and left office on January 15, 1935.

In 1933, Murray's longtime friend Charles Haskell died. Murray was very affected by this loss.

In 1932, Murray sought the Democratic nomination for President and ran in several primaries, but he did not win any. He received nearly 20 percent of the vote in Oregon. Huey Pierce Long, Jr., the former governor of Louisiana and U.S. senator, recalled visiting Murray in his hotel room at the 1932 Democratic National Convention in Chicago:

"Alfalfa Bill" was very gracious ... While we talked at length, he dwelt upon the virtue in the possible candidacies of everybody except Franklin Roosevelt and himself, even suggesting me as a candidate. He understood the favorite son game. I soon saw that I was fencing with a past master in politics. Had I listened to him very long, he would have been at work to make a favorite son candidate out of me. I was then moving Heaven and earth to keep down other favorite son candidates. ... Favorite son moves were the most dangerous things we had to fight. ...

Murray initially supported President Franklin Roosevelt, but he later turned against the New Deal, as did other conservative Oklahoma politicians of that time.

Later life and death
In 1938, Murray ran for governor, and lost in the Democratic primary. Later that year, he tried to run for the United States Senate as an Independent, but his nominating petitions were filed late. In 1942, he ran for the Senate again and lost in the Democratic primary.

His wife, Mary Alice, died in Oklahoma City on August 28, 1938. Her body lay in state in the Oklahoma Capitol on the afternoon of August 29, 1938; she was the first woman to receive the honor. She was buried in Tishomingo the following day.

After his retirement, Murray became widely known for his radical racist and conspiracy views. He wrote articles and books dealing with constitutional rights. In his books, Murray seemed to indicate his support for fascism. Murray supported Strom Thurmond's insurgent Dixiecrat bid for the presidency against Harry S. Truman and Thomas E. Dewey in 1948.

Murray's son, Johnston Murray, had followed his father into Democratic Party politics. The senior Murray administered the oath of office to his son in 1951 after he was elected as the state's fourteenth governor.

Murray did not live long past his son's governorship. He died on October 15, 1956, of a stroke and pneumonia. He is buried in Tishomingo. Murray was considered the last surviving member of the Haskell Dynasty.

Legacy and honors
 Murray State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, is named in William Murray's honor. The community college is located in Tishomingo, Oklahoma.
 Alfalfa County, Oklahoma and Murray County, Oklahoma are named in his honor.

State of the State speeches
 First State of the State Speech
 Second State of the State Speech
 Third State of the State Speech

References

Sources
 State biography
William H. Murray Collection, Carl Albert Center, Oklahoma University
 Murray State College, Home Page
 "William H. Murray", Sooner State Genealogy
   Chronicles of Oklahoma. Henry, Robert H. Oklahoma Today. "Alfalfa Bill Murray." Volume 35, Number 4. July–August 1985. pp. 10–15. Retrieved December 19, 2012.

1869 births
1956 deaths
People from Grayson County, Texas
People of Indian Territory
American people of Scottish descent
Methodists from Oklahoma
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Oklahoma
Candidates in the 1932 United States presidential election
Governors of Oklahoma
Democratic Party governors of Oklahoma
Speakers of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
Democratic Party members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
Texas Democrats
20th-century American politicians
Old Right (United States)
People from Tishomingo, Oklahoma
People from Fort Worth, Texas
American conspiracy theorists
American white supremacists
American expatriates in Bolivia
Texas lawyers
Oklahoma lawyers
American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Deaths from pneumonia in Oklahoma

William H. Murray


O Campeonato Paraense de Futebol de 2022 (por questões de patrocínio, Campeonato Paraense Banpará de 2022), foi a 110ª edição do campeonato estadual de futebol do Pará. Com início em 26 de janeiro e término previsto inicialmente para 4 de abril, reunindo doze equipes pela segunda vez consecutivamente, sendo dez participantes do Campeonato Paraense de Futebol de 2021 e o campeão e vice da Série B de 2021,  e , respectivamente.

A edição de 2022 foi marcada foi diversos fatores externos influenciando no campeonato, começando pela 8ª rodada da 1ª fase que deveria ocorrer de maneira simultânea para todos os clubes, porém as equipes do  e  não conseguiram chegar à tempo de realizar a partida em Outeiro  considerando a necessidade de realizar a travessia de balsa devido a destruição de um pilar da ponte que ligava ao distrito.  Sendo assim, toda a rodada teve de ser adiada, pelo fato de que todos devem jogar ao mesmo tempo na ultima rodada para que nenhum clube sinta-se privilegiado.

Após isto, ao fim da 1ª fase houve uma nova interrupção do campeonato, desta vez por parte do  que buscou recursos para evitar seu rebaixamento e com isso denunciou irregularidades no  pela escalação do jogador Athos e o  pelo jogador Guga.

Por fim, o TJD-PA paralisou o campeonato no dia 8 de março e retornou a competição no dia 20 de março. Nenhuma penalização foi aplicada e com isso o rebaixamento de  e  foi decretado.

A final do campeonato foi disputada em um clássico rei da amazônia ( x ). Na semana de início do confronto, a direotia bicolor foi surpreendida por uma decisão de punição ao clube que tiraria sua torcida da partida de decisão, fator este que gerou diversas intrigas por parte da direção bicolor.

No clássico Re-Pa, o Clube do Remo levou a melhor em seus domínios, derrotou o rival pelo placar de 3x0.

Na segunda partida o Paysandu Sport Club conseguiu a vitória, porém pelo placar de 3x1, que não foi o bastante para reverter a vantagem azulina, que sacramentou o Clube do Remo como campeão paraense de 2022.

Ao fim da partida foram registradas imagens de confusão no gramado do Estádio Banpará Curuzu , além de um apagão no momento do clube campeão levantar a taça.

Regulamento
Assim como em 2021, o Campeonato será disputado com a formação de três grupos, com o intuito de diminuir as datas necessárias para finalizar a disputa.

 O Campeonato é formado por três grupos denominados A, B e C;
 Cada equipe enfrentará os 8 membros dos outros dois grupos;
 Os dois melhores classificados de cada grupo avançam para às quartas de final;
 Dentre os três participantes que terminarem em 3º lugar de seus grupos, aqueles dois que estiverem com a melhor pontuação, também avançam às quartas de final;
 As duas piores equipes na classificação geral, estarão rebaixadas para a 2ª Divisão.

Critérios de Desempate

Primeira Fase
 Pontuação
 Vitórias
 Saldo de Gols
 Gols Pró

Fase Final
 Disputas de ida e volta, em caso de empate ao final dos 180 minutos, a vaga (ou título) será definida(o) nas cobranças de pênalti

Quartas de final
Os oitos clubes classificados na 1ºfase se organizarão conforme a seguinte ordem: os três melhores clubes de cada grupo ocuparão a 1º, 2º e 3º classificação da fase de grupos considerando o índice técnico entre eles, os três segundos colocados de cada grupo irão ocupar a 4º, 5º e 6º classificação da fase de grupos considerando o índice técnico entre eles, e os 7º e 8º classificados da fase de grupos irão ser ocupadas pelos dois melhores entre os 3º dos grupos,também considerando o índice técnico entre eles. Assim, os confrontos da segunda fase serão divididos em grupos D, E, F e G e se darão,respectivamente, da seguinte forma: Grupo D - 1º classificado da fase de grupos X 8º classificado, Grupo E – 2º classificado X 7º classificado, Grupo F – 3º classificado X 6º classificado e Grupo G – 4º classificado X 5º classificado. O mando de jogo da partida de volta será das equipes com melhor índice técnico, sendo que esses confrontos serão em jogos de ida e volta. Saindo 4 times para a 3º fase, os melhores de cada grupo que se enfrentarão na semifinal.

Semi finais
Os quatro clubes classificados na 2ª fase, os vencedores dos grupos "D", "E", "F" e "G", se reorganizarão em dois grupos, sendo o grupo "I" formado pelo confronto do vencedor do jogo grupo "D" X vencedor do grupo "G", e o grupo "J" formado pelo vencedor do grupo "E" X vencedor do grupo "F". Esses confrontos se darão em jogos de ida e volta. Considerando o critério técnico estabelecido na reunião do Conselho Técnico do dia 01/02/2021, os perdedores de cada grupo se
enfrentarão na 4º fase na disputa de 3º e 4º e os ganhadores de cada grupo se enfrentaram na 4º fase na final.

Final e 3 terceiro colocado
disputa da 3º e 4º e a Final – A disputa de 3º e 4º colocado se dará pelo perdedor do grupo "J" X perdedor do grupo "I" e a disputa da Grande Final será dada pelo vencedor do grupo "J" X vencedor do grupo "I". Essas disputas se darão em jogos de ida e volta. O vencedor da disputa de 3º e 4º ficará classificado como 3º colocado do Parazão BANPARÁ 2021, e o perdedor ficará com a 4º posição. O vencedor da Final será o clube que conquistar o maior número de pontos ganhos após o encerramento dos dois jogos e será considerado o Campeão do Parazão BANPARÁ 2022 e consequentemente o perdedor será o Vice-Campeão do Parazão BANPARÁ 2021.

Equipes participantes

Promovidos e rebaixados

Informações das equipes

Primeira Fase

Grupo A

Grupo B

Grupo C

Classificação Geral da Primeira Fase

Fase Final

Premiação

Artilharia

Classificação geral

  F1. O  foi punido em 3 pontos pela escalação irregular do jogador .
  F2. O  herdou a vaga na Copa do Brasil 2023 após o  conquistar o título da Copa Verde 2022.

Seleção do campeonato

Seleção "Trofeu Camisa 13" da RBA TV (Votação Popular)

Revelação: Ronald ()
Craque do Campeonato: Danrlei ()
Preparador Físico: Neto Miranda ()

Transmissão
Pelo segundo ano consecutivo, a Rede Meio Norte realiza as transmissões do Parazão, junto com a Rede Cultura do Pará, que faz a sua 13.ª cobertura na televisão paraense. Também transmite os jogos pela internet através do canal Cultura no Parazão. Nas rádios, a cobertura ficou ao cargo da Rádio Clube do Pará (na estação AM) e Liberal FM (simultâneo com a Rádio Liberal e o site Oliberal.com, além da página oficial do Jornal O Liberal no Facebook).

Técnicos

Categorias de base

Campeonato Paraense sub-20
 A competição garante ao campeão vaga na Copa do Brasil Sub-20 de 2023 e garante ao campeão e vice vaga na Copa São Paulo de Futebol Junior de 2023.

 Campeão:
 Vice-campeão:

Campeonato Paraense sub-17
 A competição garante ao campeão vaga na Copa do Brasil Sub-17 de 2023.

 Campeão:
 Vice-campeão:

Feminino

Paraense
 A competição garante ao campeão vaga no Campeonato Brasileiro Feminino - Série A3 de 2023.

 Campeão:
 Vice-campeão:

Sub-20
 O  foi campeão com 100% de aproveitamento no formato de pontos corridos.

Campeonato Paraense de Futebol de 2022


فضيلة المبشر (3 نوفمبر 1973 -)، ممثلة بحرينية.

عن حياتها
قدمت خلال مسيرتها الفنية العديد من الأعمال التلفزيونية من مسلسلات وسهرات عدة وبعض من الأعمال المسرحية. بدأت بالعمل الفني عام 1991 بمشاركتها في الأدوار الصغيرة، لمعت بالأدوار لاحقًا بمشاركتها بأعمال سواء في بلدها البحرين أو دول الخليج بشكل عام. وفي عام 2001 ارتدت الحجاب ثم اعتزالها التمثيل في عام 2009.

أعمالها

في المسرح

في التلفزيون

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلات تلفزيون بحرينيات
ممثلات مسرح بحرينيات
مواليد 1973

فضيلة المبشر


Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS or LCOS) is a miniaturized reflective active-matrix liquid-crystal display or "microdisplay" using a liquid crystal layer on top of a silicon backplane. It is also referred to as a spatial light modulator. LCoS was initially developed for projection televisions but is now used for wavelength selective switching, structured illumination, near-eye displays and optical pulse shaping. By way of comparison, some LCD projectors use transmissive LCD, allowing light to pass through the liquid crystal.

In an LCoS display, a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) chip controls the voltage on square reflective aluminium electrodes buried just below the chip surface, each controlling one pixel. For example, a chip with XGA resolution will have 1024x768 plates, each with an independently addressable voltage. Typical cells are about 1–3 centimeters square and about 2 mm thick, with pixel pitch as small as 2.79 μm. A common voltage for all the pixels is supplied by a transparent conductive layer made of indium tin oxide on the cover glass.

Displays

History

The history of LCos projectors dates back to the late 1980s when the technology was first developed. At the time, the primary use of LCos projectors was in the military and scientific fields due to their large and bulky size. However, in the late 1990s, companies like JVC and Hughes Electronics began developing smaller and more affordable LCos projectors for commercial use.

The early LCos projectors had their challenges. They suffered from a phenomenon called "image sticking," where the image would remain on the screen after it was supposed to be gone. This was due to the mirrors sticking in their positions, which resulted in ghosting on the screen. However, manufacturers continued to refine the technology, and today's LCos projectors have largely overcome this issue.

One of the biggest milestones in the history of LCos projectors came in 2004 when Sony introduced its SXRD (Silicon X-tal Reflective Display) technology. SXRD was an evolution of LCos technology that used even smaller pixels and a higher resolution, resulting in an even more accurate image. The SXRD technology was used in Sony's high-end home theater projectors, and it quickly gained a reputation for its exceptional picture quality.

Another significant development in the history of LCos projectors came in 2006 when JVC introduced its D-ILA (Direct-Drive Image Light Amplifier) technology. D-ILA was an improvement over traditional LCos projectors in that it eliminated the need for a polarizing filter, resulting in a brighter and more vibrant image. The D-ILA technology has since become a popular choice for home theater enthusiasts.

In recent years, LCos projectors have continued to evolve, with manufacturers introducing features like 4K resolution and HDR (High Dynamic Range) support. LCos projectors are now available at a range of price points, from affordable models for home theater use to high-end professional models used in commercial installations.

Overall, the history of LCos projectors is one of innovation and improvement. From their early days as bulky military and scientific equipment to today's sleek and affordable consumer models, LCos projectors have come a long way. Their high image quality, accurate color reproduction, and other advantages have made them a popular choice for home theater enthusiasts and professionals alike.

Display system architectures
LCos (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) display technology is a type of microdisplay that has gained popularity due to its high image quality and ability to display high-resolution images. LCos display systems typically consist of three main components: the LCos panel, the light source, and the optical system.

The LCos panel is the heart of the display system. It consists of an array of pixels that are arranged in a grid pattern. Each pixel is made up of a liquid crystal layer, a reflective layer, and a silicon substrate. The liquid crystal layer controls the polarization of light that passes through it, while the reflective layer reflects the light back towards the optical system. The silicon substrate is used to control the individual pixels and provides the necessary electronics to drive the LCos panel.

The light source is used to provide the necessary illumination for the LCos panel. The most common light source used in LCos display systems is a high-intensity lamp. This lamp emits a broad spectrum of light that is filtered through a color wheel or other optical components to provide the necessary color gamut for the display system.

The optical system is responsible for directing the light from the light source onto the LCos panel and projecting the resulting image onto a screen or other surface. The optical system consists of a number of lenses, mirrors, and other optical components that are carefully designed and calibrated to provide the necessary magnification, focus, and color correction for the display system.

There are two main types of LCos display systems: transmissive and reflective. Transmissive LCos displays use a backlight behind the LCos panel to provide illumination, while reflective LCos displays use the ambient light in the environment to illuminate the LCos panel. Reflective LCos displays are more power-efficient and offer better contrast ratios than transmissive displays, but are typically more expensive to manufacture.

Three-panel designs
The white light is separated into three components (red, green and blue) and then combined back after modulation by the 3 LCoS devices. The light is additionally polarized by beam splitters.

One-panel designs
Both Toshiba's and Intel's single-panel LCOS display program were discontinued in 2004 before any units reached final-stage prototype. There were single-panel LCoS displays in production: One by Philips and one by Microdisplay Corporation. Forth Dimension Displays continues to offer a Ferroelectric LCoS display technology (known as Time Domain Imaging) available in QXGA, SXGA and WXGA resolutions which today is used for high resolution near-eye applications such as Training & Simulation, structured light pattern projection for AOI. Citizen Finedevice (CFD) also continues to manufacturer single panel RGB displays using FLCoS technology (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals).  They manufacture displays in multiple resolutions and sizes that are currently used in pico-projectors, electronic viewfinders for high end digital cameras, and head-mounted displays.

Pico projectors, near-eye and head-mounted displays
Whilst initially developed for large-screen projectors, LCoS displays have found a consumer niche in the area of pico-projectors, where their small size and low power consumption are well-matched to the constraints of such devices.

LCoS devices are also used in near-eye applications such as electronic viewfinders for digital cameras, film cameras, and head-mounted displays (HMDs). These devices are made using ferroelectric liquid crystals (so the technology is named FLCoS) which are inherently faster than other types of liquid crystals to produce high quality images.  Google's initial foray into wearable computing, Google glass, also uses a near-eye LCoS display.

At CES 2018, Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited (ASTRI) and OmniVision showcased a reference design for a wireless augmented reality headset that could achieve 60 degree field of view (FoV). It combined a single-chip 1080p LCOS display and image sensor from OmniVision with ASTRI's optics and electronics. The headset is said to be smaller and lighter than others because of its single-chip design with integrated driver and memory buffer.

Wavelength-selective switches

LCoS is particularly attractive as a switching mechanism in a wavelength-selective switch (WSS).  LCoS-based WSS were initially developed by Australian company Engana, now part of Finisar. The LCoS can be employed to control the phase of light at each pixel to produce beam-steering where the large number of pixels allow a near continuous addressing capability.  Typically, a large number of phase steps are used to create a highly efficient, low-insertion loss switch shown. This simple optical design incorporates polarisation diversity, control of mode size and a 4-f wavelength optical imaging in the dispersive axis of the LCoS providing integrated switching and optical power control.

In operation, the light passes from a fibre array through the polarisation imaging optics which separates physically and aligns orthogonal polarisation states to be in the high efficiency s-polarisation state of the diffraction grating.  The input light from a chosen fibre of the array is reflected from the imaging mirror and then angularly dispersed by the grating which is at near Littrow incidence, reflecting the light back to the imaging optics which directs each channel to a different portion of the LCoS. The path for each wavelength is then retraced upon reflection from the LCoS, with the beam-steering image applied on the LCOS directing the light to a particular port of the fibre array. As the wavelength channels are separated on the LCoS the switching of each wavelength is independent of all others and can be switched without interfering with the light on other channels.  There are many different algorithms that can be implemented to achieve a given coupling between ports including less efficient "images" for attenuation or power splitting.

WSS based on MEMS and/or liquid crystal technologies allocate a single switching element (pixel) to each channel which means the bandwidth and centre frequency of each channel are fixed at the time of manufacture and cannot be changed in service.  In addition, many designs of first-generation WSS (particularly those based on MEMs technology) show pronounced dips in the transmission spectrum between each channel due to the limited spectral 'fill factor' inherent in these designs.  This prevents the simple concatenation of adjacent channels to create a single broader channel.

LCoS-based WSS, however, permit dynamic control of channel centre frequency and bandwidth through on-the-fly modification of the pixel arrays via embedded software.  The degree of control of channel parameters can be very fine-grained, with independent control of the centre frequency and either upper- or lower-band-edge of a channel with better than 1 GHz resolution possible.  This is advantageous from a manufacturability perspective, with different channel plans being able to be created from a single platform and even different operating bands (such as C and L) being able to use an identical switch matrix.  Additionally, it is possible to take advantage of this ability to reconfigure channels while the device is operating. Products have been introduced allowing switching between 50 GHz channels and 100 GHz channels, or a mix of channels, without introducing any errors or "hits" to the existing traffic. More recently, this has been extended to support the whole concept of Flexible or Elastic networks under ITU G.654.2 through products such as Finisar's Flexgrid™ WSS.

Other LCoS applications

Optical pulse shaping
The ability of an LCoS-based WSS to independently control both the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal leads to the more general ability to manipulate the amplitude and/or phase of an optical pulse through a process known as Fourier-domain pulse shaping.  This process requires full characterisation of the input pulse in both the time and spectral domains.

As an example, an LCoS-based Programmable Optical Processor (POP) has been used to broaden a mode-locked laser output into a 20 nm supercontinuum source whilst a second such device was used to compress the output to 400 fs, transform-limited pulses. Passive mode-locking of fiber lasers has been demonstrated at high repetition rates, but inclusion of an LCoS-based POP allowed the phase content of the spectrum to be changed to flip the pulse train of a passively mode-locked laser from bright to dark pulses. A similar approach uses spectral shaping of optical frequency combs to create multiple pulse trains.  For example, a 10 GHz optical frequency comb was shaped by the POP to generate dark parabolic pulses and Gaussian pulses, at 1540 nm and 1560 nm, respectively.

Light structuring
Structured light using a fast ferroelectric LCoS is used in 3D-superresolution microscopy techniques and in fringe projection for 3D-automated optical inspection.

Modal switching in space division multiplexed optical communications systems

One of the interesting applications of LCoS is the ability to transform between modes of few-moded optical fibers which have been proposed as the basis of higher capacity transmission systems in the future. Similarly LCoS has been used to steer light into selected cores of multicore fiber transmission systems, again as a type of Space Division Multiplexing.

Tunable lasers
LCoS has been used as a filtering technique, and hence a tuning mechanism, for both semiconductor diode and fiber lasers.

See also

References

External links
 Biever, Celeste. 'Intel inside' comes to flat panel TVs (January 9, 2004 – No longer planned for development) New Scientist
 Everything You Need to Know About TV Technologies from Hardware Secrets

Projectors
Display technology
Silicon
Liquid crystal displays

Liquid crystal on silicon


Tetrastigma (lat. Tetrastigma), rod vazdazelenih drvenastih penjačica iz porodice Vitaceae. Postoji preko 130 priznatih vrsta u tropskoj Aziji i Australiji, te nekim otocima jugozapadnog Pacifika

Vrste

 Tetrastigma amboinense (Miq.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma andamanicum (King) Suess.
 Tetrastigma angustifolium (Roxb.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma annamense Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma apiculatum Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma aplinianum (Collett & Hemsl.) Momiy.
 Tetrastigma articulatum (Miq.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma assimile (Kurz) C.L.Li ex Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi
 Tetrastigma backanense Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma bambusetorum Craib
 Tetrastigma beauvaisii Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma bracteolatum (Wall.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma brunneum Merr.
 Tetrastigma burmanicum (Collett & Hemsl.) Momiy.
 Tetrastigma calcicola Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi
 Tetrastigma cambodianum Pierre ex Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma campylocarpum (Kurz) Planch.
 Tetrastigma caudatum Merr. & Chun
 Tetrastigma cauliflorum Merr.
 Tetrastigma ceratopetalum C.Y.Wu
 Tetrastigma chapaense Merr.
 Tetrastigma clementis Merr.
 Tetrastigma coriaceum (DC.) Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma corniculatum Merr.
 Tetrastigma crenatum Jackes
 Tetrastigma cruciatum Craib & Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma curtisii (Ridl.) Suess.
 Tetrastigma delavayi Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma dichotomum (Miq.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma diepenhorstii (Miq.) Latiff
 Tetrastigma dubium (M.A.Lawson) Planch.
 Tetrastigma eberhardtii Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma ellipticum Merr.
 Tetrastigma enervium Ridl.
 Tetrastigma erubescens Planch.
 Tetrastigma everettii Merr.
 Tetrastigma formosanum (Hemsl.) Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma funingense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma gamblei B.V.Shetty & P.Singh
 Tetrastigma gaudichaudianum Planch.
 Tetrastigma gibbosum Lauterb.
 Tetrastigma gilgianum Lauterb.
 Tetrastigma harmandii Planch.
 Tetrastigma havilandii Ridl.
 Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg
 Tetrastigma heterophyllum Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma hookeri Planch.
 Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch.
 Tetrastigma jaichagunii C.L.Li ex Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi
 Tetrastigma jingdongense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma jinghongense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma jinxiuense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma kwangsiense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma laevigatum (Blume) Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma lanyuense C.E.Chang
 Tetrastigma latiffii Veldkamp
 Tetrastigma lauterbachianum Gilg
 Tetrastigma laxum Merr.
 Tetrastigma lenticellatum C.Y.Wu
 Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston
 Tetrastigma lincangense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma lineare W.T.Wang ex C.Y.Wu & C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma littorale Merr.
 Tetrastigma liukiuense T.Yamaz.
 Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma longipedunculatum C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma longisepalum Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma macrocorymbum Gagnep. ex J.Wen, Boggan & Turland
 Tetrastigma magnum Merr.
 Tetrastigma megacarpum Latiff
 Tetrastigma mindanaense Merr.
 Tetrastigma mutabile (Blume) Planch.
 Tetrastigma nilagiricum (Miq.) B.V.Shetty
 Tetrastigma nitens (F.Muell.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma obovatum Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma obtectum (Wall. ex M.A.Lawson) Planch. ex Franch.
 Tetrastigma oliviforme Planch.
 Tetrastigma pachyphyllum (Hemsl.) Chun
 Tetrastigma papillatum (Hance) C.Y.Wu
 Tetrastigma papillosum (Blume) Planch.
 Tetrastigma papuanum (Miq.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma pedunculare (Wall. ex M.A.Lawson) Planch.
 Tetrastigma pergamaceum (Blume) Planch.
 Tetrastigma petraeum Jackes
 Tetrastigma petrophilum Lauterb.
 Tetrastigma pilosum C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma planicaule (Hook.f.) Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma poilanei Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma pseudocruciatum C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma pubiflorum (Miq.) Suess.
 Tetrastigma pubinerve Merr. & Chun
 Tetrastigma pullei Lauterb.
 Tetrastigma pycnanthum (Collett & Hemsl.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
 Tetrastigma pyriforme Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma quadrangulum Gagnep. & Craib
 Tetrastigma quadridens Planch.
 Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Miq.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma ramentaceum Planch.
 Tetrastigma retinervium Planch.
 Tetrastigma robinsonii Merr.
 Tetrastigma robustum Planch.
 Tetrastigma rumicispermum (M.A.Lawson) Planch.
 Tetrastigma rupestre Planch.
 Tetrastigma scariosum (Blume) Planch.
 Tetrastigma schlechteri Lauterb.
 Tetrastigma schraderi-montis Lauterb.
 Tetrastigma scortechinii (King) Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma sepulchrei Merr.
 Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma sessilifolium Lauterb.
 Tetrastigma siamense Gagnep. & Craib
 Tetrastigma sichouense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma silvestrei Elmer ex J.Wen & Boggan
 Tetrastigma simplicifolia (Merr.) J.Wen & Boggan
 Tetrastigma steenisii Latiff
 Tetrastigma subsuberosum Planch.
 Tetrastigma subtetragonum C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma sulcatum (M.A.Lawson) Gamble
 Tetrastigma taeniatum C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma tamilnadense N.Balach. & K.Ravik.
 Tetrastigma tavoyanum Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma tetragynum (Miq.) Planch.
 Tetrastigma thomsonianum Planch.
 Tetrastigma thorsborneorum Jackes
 Tetrastigma tonkinense Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma touranense Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma trifoliolatum Merr.
 Tetrastigma triphyllum (Gagnep.) W.T.Wang
 Tetrastigma tsaianum C.Y.Wu
 Tetrastigma venulosum C.Y.Wu
 Tetrastigma vitiense (A.Gray) A.C.Sm.
 Tetrastigma voinierianum (Sallier) Pierre ex Gagnep.
 Tetrastigma warburgii Lauterb.
 Tetrastigma xishuangbannaense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma xizangense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma yiwuense C.L.Li
 Tetrastigma yunnanense Gagnep.

Izvori

Lozolike

Tetrastigma


1467 Mashona este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
1467 Mashona este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Johannesburg de Cyril V. Jackson. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,38 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 22,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 1001-2000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Asteroizi Cybele

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1938
Centura de asteroizi

1467 Mashona


Düzce Province () is a province in northwestern Turkey. The province is on the coastline of the Black Sea and is traversed by the main highway between Istanbul and Ankara. The primary town is Düzce, located in the center of the province. There are ancient Greek ruins in the province. Düzce separated from the Bolu province and became a province in its own right after a devastating earthquake in the city in November 1999. Its area is 2,492 km2, and its population is 405,131 (2022).

Districts

Düzce province is divided into 8 districts (capital district in bold):
 Akçakoca
 Çilimli
 Cumayeri
 Düzce
 Gölyaka
 Gümüşova
 Kaynaşlı
 Yığılca

Health
Air pollution is a chronic problem in the province.

See also
List of populated places in Düzce Province

References

External links

  Düzce governor's official website
  Düzce municipality's official website
  Düzce weather forecast information

States and territories established in 1999

Düzce Province


El UCI Oceania Tour 2009-2010 fue la quinta edición del UCI Oceania Tour. Se llevó a cabo de octubre de 2009 a septiembre de 2010 donde se disputaron 6 competiciones por etapas en dos modalidades, pruebas por etapas y pruebas de un día, otorgando puntos a los primeros clasificados de las etapas y a la clasificación final; añadiéndose al calendario respecto a la temporada anterior los Campeonatos Continentales en Ruta sub-23 que esta vez se separaron del de sin limitación de edad teniendo cada una puntuación propia, desapareciendo el Campeonato Continental en Ruta y modificándose el nombre del Tour de Wellington por el de Trust House Classic. Además, a pesar de no estar en el calendario, también puntuaron los campeonatos nacionales con un baremo dependiendo el nivel ciclista de cada país y el Campeonato del Mundo al disputarse en Australia.

El ganador a nivel individual fue el australiano Michael Matthews, por equipos triunfó el Jayco-Skins de Australia, mientras que por países y países sub-23 fue Australia quién obtuvo más puntos.

Calendario
Contó con las siguientes pruebas, tanto por etapas como de un día.

Octubre 2009

Noviembre 2009

Enero 2010

Clasificaciones
Debido a las pocas pruebas resultó decisivo en la clasificación el Campeonato del Mundo por ello las clasificaciones resultaron más internacionales que de costumbre. Así destacaron en este aspecto los puntos conseguidos en esas pruebas de Thor Hushovd (200), Michael Matthews (96), Yukiya Arashiro (80), John Degenkolb (70), Romain Feillu (70) y Taylor Phinney (60).

Individual

Equipos

Países

Países sub-23

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial del UCI Oceania Tour

2009-2010
Ciclismo en 2009
Ciclismo en 2010

UCI Oceania Tour 2009-2010


سياسي ومفكّر أردني، الأمين العام لحزب المؤتمر الوطني «زمزم» الذي انبثق عن المبادرة الأردنية للبناء، ولد في الأردن في الثامن عشر من كانون الثاني 1957 الهاشمية عجلون الأردن، تخرج في الجامعة الأردنية، ومنها حصل على درجة الدكتوراة من الشريعة الإسلامية عام 1995، وكان موضع رسالته «الحقوق والحريات السياسية في الشريعة الإسلامية، دراسة مقارنة»، عمل مدرسا في عدد من الجامعات الأردنية منذ عام 1990 إلى الآن، وعمل كمديرا لمركز دراسات الأمة والأبحاث ورئيس للمكتب السياسي لجماعة الإخوان المسلمين.

مؤهلاته العلمية
بكالوريوس في الشريعة الإسلامية الجامعة الأردنية 1972م، بتقدير جيد.
دبلوم الدراسات الإسلامية العالية معهد الدراسات الإسلامية العالية، القاهرة 1978م، بتقدير جيد جداً.
ماجستير في الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية معهد الدراسات الإسلامية العالية، القاهرة، 1983، بتقدير ممتاز.
دكتوراه في الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية جامعة ستراسبورغ للعلوم الإنسانية فرنسا 1991م، بتقدير مرتبة الشرف الأولى.

الخبرات العملية والعلمية
محاضر متفرغ في جامعة مؤتة قسم الشريعة من 26/2/91م - 12/4/91م.
أستاذ مساعد في جامعة مؤتة قسم الشريعة 12/4/91م - 12/4/96م.
أستاذ مشارك في جامعة مؤتة قسم الشريعة من 12/4/96م - 12/4/2001م.
رئيس قسم الشريعة من 1/8/1996م 9/7/1997م.
أستاذ مشارك في كلية الشريعة في جامعة اليرموك لعام 97/98 (سنة التفرغ العلمي).
عميد البحث العلمي والدراساست العليا في جامعة مؤتة من 1/8/99 - 1/8/2000م.
أستاذ في كلية أصول الدين الجامعية جامعة البلقاء التطبيقية من 15/9/2003م – 15/9/2004م (سنة التفرغ العلمي).

المؤتمرات والندوات
مؤتمر السيوطي جامعة مؤتة 1993م.
ندوة دور كليات الشريعة في المجتمع المحلي عقدت في جامعة مؤتة سنة 1998/1999م.
مؤتمر ابن تيمية الذي عقد بالتعاون بين جامعة مؤتة والمعهد العالمي للفكر الإسلامي عام 2001م.
مؤتمر قضايا المرأة المعاصرة الذي عقد في الجامعة الأردنية عام 2001م.
ندوة ترشيد استهلاك المياه عقدت في جامعة مؤتة سنة 2001-2002م.
مؤتمر الاجتهاد في قضايا الأسرة المعاصرة جامعة مؤتة 2004-2005م

اللجان
عضو في مجلس عمداء جامعة مؤتة، عام 1999م-2000م.
عضو في مجلس جامعة مؤتة، عام 1999م-2000م.
رئيس مجلس الدراسات العليا في جامعة مؤتة، عام 1999م-2000م.
عضو في مجلس جامعة مؤتة لعام 2001-2002م.
عضو في مجلس الدراسات العليا في جامعة مؤتة عام 2002-2003م.
عضو في هيئة تحرير مجلة مؤتة للبحوث والدراسات الإنسانية، عام 1999م-2000م.
عضو في هيئة تحرير مجلة مؤتة للبحوث العلمية، عام 1999م-2000م.
عضو لجنة البحث العلمي في الجامعة.
رئيس لجنة وضع تعليمات منح درجة الدكتوراه في جامعة مؤتة.
عضو لجنة لدراسة سياسة البعثات في جامعة مؤتة ووضع تعليمات جديدة لها.
رئيس لجنة إعداد خطة برنامج الماجستير في قسم الفقه وأصوله في جامعة مؤتة.
عضو في هيئة تحرير المجلة الأردنية في الدراسات الإسلامية، بإشراف وزارة التعليم العالي.
عضو لجنة وضع آلية مناسبة للسماح لموظفي جامعة مؤتة بالدراسة خارج أوقات الدوام الرسمي.
رئيس لجنة لبحث التعاقد مع دور النشر بخصوص إصدارات عمادة البحث العلمي.
عضو لجنة تحديد تخصصات القبول في البرنامج المسائي والبرنامج الموازي ودفع رسوم الساعات المعتمدة للبرنامج المسائي.
عضو مجلس إدارة صندوق إسكان موظفي جامعة مؤتة.
عضو لجنة وضع معايير الاعتماد العام للدراسات العليا في الجامعات الخاصة.
عضو لجنة وضع تصور علمي مدروس لغرض إنشاء مركز الدراسات الإسلامية في جامعة مؤتة.
رئيس لجنة بيع منشورات عمادة البحث العلمي.
عضو لجنة تحقيق في المخالفات التي يرتكبها أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية العاملين في جامعة مؤتة والتي تحال إليها من قبل رئيس الجامعة.
رئيس لجنة بخصوص وضع تصور لإنشاء برنامج ماجستير في قسم الشريعة.
عضو لجنة اعتماد قسم معلم مجال شريعة في كلية العلوم التربوية التابعة لوكالة الغوث.
 عضو لجنة متابعة معايير الاعتماد الخاص لتخصص الشريعة في أربع جامعات أهلية في الأردن.
 عضو لجنة الدراسات العليا في قسم الفقه وأصوله في جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو لجنة الإشراف على المدرسة النموذجية في جامعة مؤتة.
 رئيس لجنة تطوير خطة قسم الشريعة في جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو اللجنة التحضيرية لمؤتمر السيوطي الذي عقد في جامعة مؤتة سنة 1993م
 عضو لجنة الإشراف على انتخابات اتحاد طلبة جامعة مؤتة للدراسات العليا.
 عضو لجنة الدراسات العليا في كلية الآداب في جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو لجنة الإشراف على انتخابات اتحاد طلبة الجامعة لقسم الشريعة في جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو لجنة البحث العلمي في كلية الآداب في جامعة مؤتة.
 ممثل لقسم الشريعة في مجلس كلية الآداب في جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو لجنة مقابلة حملة الدكتوراه للتعيين في قسم الشريعة في جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو لجنة مقابلة حملة الماجستير للتعيين في قسم الشريعة في جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو لجنة معادلة المواد في قسم الشريعة في جامعة مؤتة.
 أمين سر قسم الشريعة في جامعة مؤتة.
 رئيس لجنة معادلة المواد في قسم الشريعة في جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو لجنة اعتماد قسم الشريعة في جامعة جرش.
 عضو لجنة الدراسات العليا في كلية أصول الدين الجامعية جامعة البلقاء التطبيقية.
 عضو في لجنة تحكيم جائزة وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي جائزة البحث المميز في مجال الدراسات الإسلامية والقانونية لعام 2004م.
 رئيس لجنة البحث العلمي في كلية الشريعة في جامعة مؤتة.
 رئيس لجنة وضع تصورات متكاملة لمؤتمر الاجتهاد في قضايا الأسرة.
 مقرر اللجنة التحضيرية لمؤتمر الاجتهاد في قضايا الأسرة المعاصرة في جامعة مؤتة عام 2005م.
 عضو لجنة تحكيم جائزة وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي جائزة الطالب المتميز في مجال الدراسات الإسلامية، لعام 2005م.

الأبحاث المنشورة
 هود صلاح الدين الأيوبي السلمية في إحياء المذهب السني في مصر والشام، مجلة مؤتة للبحوث والدراسات الإنسانية والاجتماعية، مجلد 10، عدد 3، 1995م.
 السيوطي فقيهاً. مجلة مؤتة للبحوث والدراسات الإنسانية والاجتماعية، مجلد 10، عدد 3، 1995م.
 قاعدة وضع الجوائح في الفقه الإسلامي «دراسة فقهية مقارنة بالقوانين الوضعية»، مجلة كلية التربية جامعة المستنصرية – بغداد، عدد6، 1995م.
 تعدد منصب قاضي القضاة في العصر المملوكي وآثاره حولية كلية الشريعة والقانون، جامعة قطر، عدد13، 1995م.
 الفكر السياسي لدى السيوطي، مجلة مؤتة للبحوث والدراسات الإنسانية والاجتماعية، م12، العدد الأول سنة 1997م.
 مبدأ استقلال القضاء ومدى مراعاته في العهد المملوكي، منشور في جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية 1996م.
 مبدأ التكافل الاجتماعي عند ابن حزم مجلة دراسات، الجامعة الأردنية، 1997م.
 دراسة تحليلية ونقدية لكتاب الأشباه والنظائر في الفقه الحنفي مجلة مؤتة، العدد السادس، م11، سنة 1996م.
 الظواهر السلبية التي طرأت على نظام القضاء في العصر المملوكي، كلية المعلمين، الجامعة المستنصرية، العدد العاشر، السنة الثالثة سنة 1997م.
 مبادئ ووسائل تربية الطفل في الإسلام، منشور في مجلة راية مؤتة عام 1998م.
 بيع الوقف واستبداله وأثرهما في التنمية، نشر في مجلة مؤتة للبحوث والدراسات، العدد الأول، المجلد الرابع عشر، 1999م.
 مفهوم المخالفة ومدى الاحتجاج به في النصوص الشرعية والقانونية، منشور في مجلة جامعة صدام للعلوم الإسلامية، العدد الثامن، السنة السابعة عام 2000م.
 الإمام تقي الدين علي السبكي مجتهد عصره، منشور في مجلة كلية العلوم الإسلامية، جامعة بغداد، العدد السابع، عام 2000م.
 مدى الاحتجاج بحمل المطلق على المقيد في حالة اتحادهما في الحكم واختلافهما في السبب، منشور في مجلة البحوث القانونية والاقتصادية، جامعة المنصورة عام 2000م.
 دلالة الاقتضاء وأهميتها في تفسير النصوص الشرعية والقانونية، منشور في مجلة كلية العلوم الإسلامية، جامعة بغداد عام2001م.
 مفهوم الموافقة (دلالة النص) وأهميته في تفسير النصوص الشرعية والقانونية، منشور في مجلة جامعة صدام للعلوم الإسلامية، عام 2001م.
 الفكر السياسي عند ابن تيمية، منشور في مجلة المعهد العالمي للفكر الإسلامي، عام 2001م.
 إشارة النص ومدى الاستدلال بها في النصوص الشرعية والقانونية، منشور في مجلة جامعة دمشق للعلوم الإدارية والقانونية مجلد 20، العدد الثاني 2004م.
 تخصيص عام النص بالعرف، مقبول للنشر في المجلة الأردنية في الدراسات الأردنية عام 2005م.

الكتب المنشورة
الفوائد الزينية في مذهب الحنفية دراسة وتحقيق نشر دار الفرقان، عمّان، سنة 2000م.
قلائد المرجان في الناسخ والمنسوخ في القرآن دراسة وتحقيق نشر دار الفرقان، عمّان، سنة 2000م.
نظام القضاء في الإسلام، نشر دار الحامد، عمّان، 2004م.
الإمام سليمان الطوفي الحنبلي أصولياً وفقيهاً، نشر دار الحامد، عمّان، 2005م.

نشاطات

 محاضرات لمدة شهرين في الدورة التي عقدتها وزارة الأوقاف لأئمة محافظة الكرك للعام الجامعي 92/93م.
 المشاركة في عدة محاضرات داخل الجامعة وخارجها.
 المشاركة في الزيارة التي قام بها وفد من الجامعة إلى مناجم الفوسفات لعام 92/93م.
 تقديم عدة أحاديث دينية في الإذاعة الأردنية.
 تقديم بحث بعنوان «جهود صلاح الدين الأيوبي في بعث المذهب السني في مصر والشام» بناء على كتاب اللجنة الوطنية للتربية والثقافة والعلوم من أجل إصدار عدد خاص من المجلة العربية للثقافة بمناسبة الذكرى المئوية الثامنة لوفاة صلاح الدين الأيوبي.
 المشاركة في ورشة عمل للمختصين في مجال التربية الإسلامية وأساليب تدريسها.
 المشاركة في الموسم الثقافي في جامعة مؤتة لعام 93/94 بمحاضرة بعنوان «جهود صلاح الدين الأيوبي في بعث المذهب السني في مصر والشام».
 رئيس بعثة الحج التابعة لجامعة مؤتة لعام 93/94م.
 عضو في لجنة مناقشة عدة رسائل ماجستير ودكتوراه في الجامعة الأردنية، وجامعة اليرموك، وجامعة آل البيت.
 عضو مجلس إدارة صندوق إسكان موظفي جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو الهيئة الإدارية لنادي جامعة مؤتة.
 المشاركة في مركز الأمل.
 عضو في جمعية حماية البيئة في جامعة مؤتة.
 تحكيم مجموعة من الأبحاث العلمية من عدة جامعات أردنية رسمية وأهلية تزيد على خمسين بحثاً.
 تحكيم الإنتاج العلمي لعدد من الباحثين بغرض الترقية إلى رتبة أستاذ مشارك.
 عضو في جمعية إسكان موظفي جامعة مؤتة.
 عضو جمعية أصدقاء البحث العلمي في الجامعات الأردنية الرسمية.
 عضو في عدة لجان بخصوص الاعتماد الخاص أو العام في عدة جامعات أهلية.

وصلات خارجية
 عن مستقبل «إخوان الأردن».. اسأل «رحيل غرايبة»، إسلام أون لاين، 11 أكتوبر 2009

أكاديميون أردنيون
إخوان مسلمون أردنيون
خريجو الجامعة الأردنية
سياسيون أردنيون
مواليد 1376 هـ

رحيل غرايبة


Thomas Gerlach (* 1951 in Kempen/Niederrhein) ist ein deutscher Diplomat im Ruhestand. Zuletzt war er von 2014 bis 2017 Generalkonsul in Izmir/Türkei.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur am altsprachlichen Gymnasium "Thomaeum" in seiner Heimatstadt studierte Gerlach Anglistik und Geschichte an den  Universitäten Bonn und München. 1981 bestand er nach dem 2. Staatsexamen für das höhere Lehramt das Auswahlverfahren für den Höheren Auswärtigen Dienst und wurde in den 36. Attachélehrgang des AA aufgenommen.

Ab 1983 wurde Gerlach an den Auslandsvertretungen in Sri Lanka, Libyen, USA (Boston) und Tschechien, an der deutschen Vertretung beim Europarat in Straßburg, sowie auf verschiedenen Inlandsposten in Bonn und Berlin eingesetzt. Von 2005 bis 2014 leitete er, mit einer Unterbrechung von 2007 bis 2009 in Mailand, das deutsche Generalkonsulat im rumänischen Siebenbürgen mit Sitz in Hermannstadt/Sibiu. Seine aktive Laufbahn beendete er im Sommer 2017 als Generalkonsul im westtürkischen Izmir.

In Anerkennung seines Engagements für die Minderheit der Siebenbürger Sachsen in Rumänien wurde ihm 2013 die Honterus-Medaille durch den damaligen Hermannstädter Oberbürgermeister und jetzigen rumänischen Staatspräsidenten Klaus Johannis verliehen.

Weblinks
 "Ein Freund Siebenbürgens geworden"
  "Thomas Gerlach, letzter Generalkonsul in Hermannstadt"

Konsul von Deutschland
Deutscher
Konsul
Geboren 1951
Mann

Thomas Gerlach (Diplomat)


Vodeno plava (eng. Water blue; njem. Wasser blau), poznata i kao anilinska plava, kiselo plava 22, topljiva plava 3M, morsko plava V ili C.I. 42755, organski je spoj koji se koristi kao bojilo u histologiji. Vodeno plavo bojilo se koristi za bojenje kolagena u presjecima tkiva. Topiv je u vodi i slabo topiv u etanolu. Vodena plava je također dostupna u smjesi s metilnim modrilom, pod imenima anilinska plava WS, anilinska plava, kinesko plava ili topljivo plava. Može se koristiti u Malloryjevoj trikromnoj bojilu vezivnog tkiva i Gömörijevoj trikromnom bojilu mišićnog tkiva. Koristi se u diferencijalnom bojenju.

Triarilmetanska bojila

Triarilmetanska bojila su bojila koja se izvode strukturno od bezbojnog trifenilmetana (C6H5)3CH. Najčešća među njima su trifenilmetanska, a manji dio pripada derivatima difenil-naftilmetana C10H7·CH·(C6H5)2. U para-položaju prema centralnom ugljikovu atomu moraju se u molekuli nalaziti na arilnim grupacijama najmanje dvije auksokromne skupine. Kromofor je ove skupine p-kinonoidna grupacija O=C6H4=O, odnosno 0=C6H4=NH. Prema broju i karakteru auksokromnih grupa dijele se ta bojila na trifenilmetanske derivate s dvije amino-grupe, na iste derivate s tri amino-grupe, na hidroksi-trifenilmetanske derivate, aminohidroksi-derivate i derivate difenilnaftilmetana. U svakoj od ovih grupa nalaze se bojila različitih svojstava bojenja: bazna, kisela, močilna i bojeni lakovi. Ako molekula bojila sadrži grupu —COOH u o-položaju prema grupi —OH, bojilo je močilno. Uvođenjem sulfonskih grupa u molekulu dobivaju se od baznih bojila kisela. Sulfonske grupe koje se nalaze u o-položaju prema centralnom ugljikovom atomu povećavaju postojanost prema alkalijama. Bojeni lakovi nastaju od baznih bojila taloženjem s fosformolibdenskom ili fosforvolframskom kiselinom. Trifenilmetanskim bojilima postižu se neobično živahna, briljantna i čista obojenja crvene, ljubičaste, modre i zelene boje, ali su im postojanosti općenito niske, osobito na svjetlu i prema alkalnoj obradi. Zbog toga im upotreba sve više opada u korist postojanih bojila. Bazni predstavnici se najviše upotrebljavaju za bojenje svile i močenog pamuka, a kiseli i močilni za bojenje vune. Najveće količine ovih bojila troše se izvan tekstilne upotrebe, i to za bojenje papira, drveta, šibica, u proizvodnji grafičkih boja, za tinte, kao boje u kozmetici i prehrambenoj industriji.

Triamino-derivati trifenilmetana
Triamino-derivati trifenilmetana obuhvaćaju niz proizvoda koji su danas izgubili svoju nekad veliku važnost. Tako je na primjer fuksin, C.I. 42510, koji se dobiva grijanjem smjese anilina i o- i p-toluidina s nitrobenzenom uz željezo i cinkov klorid ili s arsenskom kiselinom, bio jedno od prvih bojila koja su se proizvodila. Ako se na isti način obradi smjesa jednog mola p-toluidina s dva mola anilina, nastaje derivat 4,4/,4//-triaminotrifenilmetana, pararozanilin, C.I. 42500. Važnu ulogu u industriji tinte, grafičkih boja, hektografskih masa i slično ima metil ljubičasta (njem. Methylviolett), C.I. 42535, koji nastaje iz dimetilanilina produhavanjem zraka u prisutnosti vode, kuhinjske soli, bakarnog sulfata i fenola kao katalizatora. Pri tom se jedna metilna grupa oksidira u formaldehid i daje centralni atom ugljika za to bojilo, N-pentametilpararozanilin. Kristalna ljubičasta (njem. Krystallviolett), C.I 42555, upotrebljava se za iste svrhe. Ako se s Michlerovim hidrolom kondenzira N-etil-N-(m-sulfobenzil)-metanilna kiselina, dobije se Echtsaureviolett 10B, C. I. 42571. Patentblau AE, C.I. 42576, nastaje analogno iz N-(m-sulfobenzil)-M-benzilanilina i Michlerova hidrola sulfuriranog u položaju 2. Za tekstilnu upotrebu značajan je Brillantindocyanin 6B, C.I. 42660, koji ima mnogo bolje postojanosti nego druga bojila ove grupe; priprema se kondenzacijom p-klorbenzaldehida s 2 mola N-(m-sulfobenzil)-N-etilanilina oksidacijom i kondenzacijom s p-fenetidinom. Neka praktički važna bojila ove grupe pripremaju se sulfuriranjem drugih manje važnih bojila. Tako na primjer Spritblau T, C.I. 42775, dobiven feniliranjem fuksina anilinom na 180°C, daje nakon sulfuriranja produkte kojima svojstva zavise od stupnja feniliranja i sulfuriranja, a poznati su pod nazivima Alkaliblau (C.I. 42750), vodeno plava ili Wasserblau (C.I. 42755) i metilno modrilo ili Tintenblau (C.I. 42780).

Izvori

Pigmenti

Vodeno plava


El Poder Nacional debe entenderse como la suma de todas las fortalezas de una nación, que le permiten establecer su estrategia de desarrollo en pro de los objetivos nacionales pese a los obstáculos que pueda pasar la Nación en un determinado momento.

Recursos que utiliza
 Recursos económicos y militares:
 Geografía
 Recursos naturales
 Economía
 Política
 Militar

 Recursos sociales:
 Población
 Desarrollo humano
 Poder adquisitivo
 Educación
 Consumo y recursos energéticos a nivel mundial
 Salud pública

 Recursos culturales:
 Psicología
 Medios de comunicación
 Institucionalidad
 Universidades
 Think tanks
 Atractivo turístico
 Inmigración

Aplicación
Facetas importantes de la geografía son: localización (ubicación), clima, topografía, subsuelo. El relacionamiento o vínculo entre política externa y , es lo que dio origen a la Geopolítica.

La presencia de un determinado obstáculo de agua, en muchos casos ofrece protección a un Estado-nación o a varios, como es el caso de lo que por ejemplo ocurre en Gran Bretaña, Japón, y Estados Unidos, y lo que entre otras cosas, permitió que Japón siguiese políticas aislacionistas.

Por su parte, la presencia de grandes fajas litorales también permiten a las naciones que cuentan con este tipo de recursos, de desarrollar medios de transporte orientados al comercio o a la guerra, y con los que se puede expandir y/o fortalecer influencias tanto pacíficamente como a través de la conquista.

En contraste, por ejemplo Polonia no tiene obstáculos importantes que le separen de sus poderosos vecinos, y en buena medida por ello es que se vio involucrada en numerosos conflictos, los que en ciertos casos atentaron contra su independencia, y/o le hicieron perder territorio. Recuérdese por ejemplo que Polonia logró su independencia recién en 1918, luego de más de cien años en que fue gobernada por el Reino de Prusia, el Imperio Ruso, y el Imperio Austriaco.

El clima obviamente también tiene su incidencia, especialmente en ciertos casos. El clima por ejemplo puede afectar enormemente la productividad de la agricultura rusa.

Por otro lado y continuando con el análisis de Rusia, corresponde señalar que el gran tamaño del territorio ruso y los rigores de su clima, le dio al país ciertas ventajas en el llamado Grande Guerra Patrótica, durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Medición del poder nacional
El poder nacional es un intangible y, como tal, no se puede medir. Sin embargo, el poder nacional reside en las capacidades nacionales y éstas resultan perfectamente cuantificables o medibles.

La palabra capacidad proviene de la etimología latina capacitas, que es la cualidad de lo capaz. Capax o capacis significa "que tiene mucha cabida", ya que deriva del verbo capere que se traduce como capturar, contener e, incluso, apoderarse. Así una primera acepción de la palabra capacidad se refiere a la propiedad de una cosa de contener o capturar otras dentro de sí o de ciertos límites. En un sentido más amplio, capacidad podría referir no sólo a la facultad de una cosa para contener otras, sino también para incluir o detentar ciertas cualidades. Por ello, es posible entender la palabra capacidad como la aptitud, talento o cualidad que dispone a alguien para el buen ejercicio de algo.

En el ámbito de las relaciones internacionales, las capacidades pueden ser vistas como las competencias o aptitudes que tiene un Estado para la concreción de sus intereses en el sistema internacional. El poder nacional reside así en las capacidades nacionales o, de forma inversa, las capacidades son fuente del poder nacional. Lo que debe quedar en claro es que "el poder es una cuestión relativa, las capacidades no". Esto quiere decir que, si bien el poder nacional es un intangible, las capacidades nacionales son objetivas, tangibles y mesurables. Por ello, es fundamental observar y ponderar las capacidades nacionales, ya que en éstas se encuentra cimentada toda base para el ejercicio del poder nacional.

Algunos teóricos organizan las capacidades nacionales en tres grandes conjuntos para su análisis: las capacidades materiales, que están relacionadas con el funcionamiento la actividad macroeconómica, la defensa y  la investigación en un Estado; las capacidades semi-materiales, que son intermedias y secundarias, se refieren a la riqueza individual, a la situación general de la población y al bienestar de una sociedad-nacional; y, finalmente, las capacidades inmateriales, que son relativas al atractivo turístico y cultural de un país, a su cosmopolitismo y la proyección internacional de sus medios de comunicación, de sus universidades y centros de investigación.

A partir de dicha consideración ontológica y epistemológica, se formula el Índice de Poder Mundial (IPM) el cual constituye una técnica de análisis cuantitativa que expresa el cúmulo de capacidades materiales, semi-materiales e inmateriales que posee un Estado para el ejercicio de su poder en el sistema internacional.

El IPM se encuentra conformado por tres subíndices:
 el Índice de Capacidades Materiales (ICM) que está compuesto por índices simples que ponderan los recursos económicos-militares de un Estado a través de su producto nacional bruto, superficie territorial, gasto militar, intercambio comercial, reservas monetarias y gasto en investigación y desarrollo;
 el Índice de Capacidades Semi-Materiales (ICSM), conformado por otro conjunto de índices simples que refieren los recursos socio-institucionales de un Estado a través su producto nacional bruto per cápita, población, consumo per cápita, educación, salud y abasto de electricidad;
 el Índice de Capacidades Inmateriales (ICIM), integrado por diversos índices simples que reflejan los recursos comunicativo-culturales de un Estado a través de su gasto público, atractivo turístico nacional, ayuda exterior, telecomunicaciones, universidades y migración internacional.

El IPM resulta una técnica de gran valía no sólo para la lectura del incremento, mantenimiento o detrimento del poder nacional de un Estado, sino también para observación precisa del posicionamiento de cada país en el conjunto de la estructura internacional.

Véase también
 Índice de Poder Mundial
 Geopolítica
 Relaciones internacionales
 Ciudad global

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Terminología política
Poder (ciencias sociales)

Poder nacional


تتضمن قائمة قرارات مجلس الأمن التابع للأمم المتحدة لعام 1990 جميع القرارات الصادرة عن مجلس الأمن التابع للأمم المتحدة خلال العام 1990.

القائمة

المرجع

قوائم قرارات مجلس الأمن التابع للأمم المتحدة حسب السنة


විද්‍යා බාලන් යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ හින්දි චිත්‍රපටවල රංගනය නිසා කීර්තියට පත් ඉන්දියානු නිළියකි. She made her acting debut in 1995 with the sitcom Hum Paanch, following which she made several attempts at a career in Malayalam and Tamil films. However, the first of the films she had signed on for was indefinitely postponed, and she was replaced with other actresses in each subsequent project. Vidya then appeared in music videos for the performers Euphoria, Pankaj Udhas, and Shubha Mudgal, all of which were directed by Pradeep Sarkar. She made her film debut with a leading role in Goutam Halder's Bengali film Bhalo Theko (2003). In 2005, she played the heroine Lalita in Sarkar's Parineeta, her first Hindi film, which was an adaptation of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel of the same name. Vidya won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut for the film. Rajkumar Hirani's Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006), a successful comedy sequel, saw her play a radio jockey opposite Sanjay Dutt.

Vidya had five film releases in 2007. She played a variety of roles in them, including a woman suffering from multiple sclerosis in Mani Ratnam's semi-biographical drama Guru, a single mother in the comedy Heyy Babyy, and a dissociative identity disorder patient in the psychological thriller Bhool Bhulaiyaa. Though she was criticised for her styling in Heyy Babyy, the three films were commercially successful. The following year, she played opposite Ajay Devgan in the drama Halla Bol (2008) and Shahid Kapoor in the romantic comedy Kismat Konnection (2008), both of which failed to find a wide audience.

From 2009 to 2012, Vidya starred in five consecutive films that garnered her widespread praise. In the 2009 comedy-drama Paa, Vidya starred as the mother of a child afflicted with progeria. She played a seductress in the black comedy Ishqiya (2010), and portrayed the real-life character of Sabrina Lal in the semi-biographical thriller No One Killed Jessica (2011). Also in 2011, she portrayed Silk in the biopic The Dirty Picture, which earned her the National Film Award for Best Actress. Vidya next played a vengeful pregnant woman in Kahaani (2012), a thriller directed by Sujoy Ghosh. She was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her roles in Paa, The Dirty Picture, and Kahaani, and the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress for Ishqiya. Vidya failed to replicate this success with her next few releases, although her performance in the thriller Kahaani 2: Durga Rani Singh was acclaimed. This changed in 2017 when she played a radio jockey in Tumhari Sulu, for which she won another Best Actress Award at Filmfare. Her highest-grossing release came in 2019 with the drama Mission Mangal.

චිත්‍රපට

රූපවාහිනිය

Music video appearances

See also
 List of accolades received by Vidya Balan

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