Priscilla Wakefield (née Priscilla Bell le  et morte le ) est une philanthrope quaker anglaise. Ses écrits couvrent l'économie féministe et des sujets scientifiques et incluent des non-fiction pour enfants .

Biographie
Priscilla Bell est née dans une famille de Tottenham, alors un village du Middlesex au nord de Londres. Son père Daniel Bell est de Stamford Hill à proximité. Son épouse Catherine est la petite-fille du théologien quaker Robert Barclay . Elle est l'une des nombreuses sœurs, dont l'une, Catherine Bell, épouse John Gurney d'Earlham Hall et a de nombreux enfants notables, la plus connue étant Elizabeth Fry.

À l'âge adulte, Wakefield reste membre de la Société des amis et se conforme à leurs pratiques religieuses, mais n'observe pas les restrictions vestimentaires ou l'abstinence de divertissements.

Elle épouse Edward Wakefield (1750–1826), un marchand londonien, et a trois enfants. Écrivant pour soutenir financièrement sa famille, elle écrit 17 livres en deux décennies. Elle est l'une des nombreuses écrivaines anglaises de la fin du  qui commencent à exiger une vie plus large pour les femmes. Elle fonde une maternité, un club de prestations pour femmes et une banque de penny pour les enfants, qui devient la première banque d'épargne d'Angleterre .

Les Wakefield ont cinq enfants, dont trois arrivent jusqu'à l'âge adulte. Les deux fils survivants sont Edward Wakefield (statisticien) (1774-1854) et Daniel Wakefield. La fille survivante, Isabella (3 mars 1773 - 17 octobre 1841), épouse Joshua Head d'Ipswich le 12 septembre 1794 . Edward Gibbon Wakefield, Daniel Bell Wakefield, , Arthur Wakefield et  sont ses petits-enfants.

Wakefield meurt chez sa fille, Isabella Head, sur Albion Hill, Ipswich, le 12 septembre 1832, et est enterrée le 20 décembre dans le cimetière des Amis au New Meeting House de la ville .

Un portrait de Wakefield, de son mari Edward Wakefield et de sa sœur, Catherine Bell Gurney, peint par Francis Wheatley, est exposé à South Kensington en 1868 . Un portrait en lithographie apparaît au London Friends' Institute.

Écrits
Wakefield écrit des livres sur une gamme de sujets, notamment les sciences naturelles, le féminisme et l'économie. Elle écrit également de la littérature pour enfants.

Wakefield publie un livre sur le féminisme en 1798, Reflection on the Present Condition of the Female Sex ; with Suggestions for its Improvement, paru chez l'éditeur radical Joseph Johnson. Bien que cela concerne la manière dont les femmes pourraient devenir financièrement indépendantes, le livre adopte une vision traditionnelle de leur rôle dans la société. Wakefield examine les perspectives d'emploi des femmes dans le monde moderne à la lumière des écrits d'Adam Smith et soutient une éducation plus large pour les femmes . Cependant, elle pense qu'une meilleure éducation pour les femmes ferait d'elles de meilleures épouses, plutôt que de préconiser l'éducation pour elle-même.

Wakefield est largement connue comme auteur de guides moraux pour enfants. Sa première publication, Juvenile Anecdotes, Founded on Facts, est couronnée de succès, et elle continue à publier d'autres livres de la même nature et d'un caractère plus avancé, traitant de la science et des voyages. Elle est la première femme à écrire des livres scientifiques pour enfants .

Wakefield a une connaissance considérable de la botanique et de l'Histoire naturelle et publie en 1796 le populaire An Introduction to Botany, in a Series of Familiar Letters, qui est traduit en français en 1801 et atteint une onzième édition en 1841. Il est illustré d'une série d'illustrations pleine page non créditées montrant des parties de plantes en détail . Il est suivi d'une introduction à l'histoire naturelle et à la classification des insectes, dans une série de lettres.

Au moment de sa mort, Wakefield a écrit deux douzaines de livres, dont beaucoup ont plusieurs éditions et sont traduits en langues étrangères .

Philanthropie
Wakefield est une philanthrope active, promouvant l'éducation, la maternité et les caisses d'épargne pour les pauvres de Tottenham. Elle fonde la Lying-in Charity for Women en 1791. Il fournit aux femmes enceintes pauvres des soins de sage-femme et une première fourniture de linge et de vêtements pour bébés ainsi qu'une petite somme d'argent. Il est soutenu par un abonnement annuel et se poursuit jusqu'au .

En 1792, Wakefield cofonde la School for Industry, qui enseigne aux filles la lecture, l'écriture, la couture, le tricot et l'arithmétique. En 1798, elle fonde la première "banque de la frugalité" en Angleterre, pour aider les personnes à faible revenu à économiser de l'argent. Les membres payent en fonction de l'âge une somme mensuelle qui leur donnerait une indemnité de maladie et une pension à 60 ans. Les femmes et les enfants sont encouragés à épargner ce qu'ils peuvent de leurs revenus. Des caisses d'épargne similaires sont créées à l'échelle nationale, mais elles sont effectivement nationalisées lorsque la Caisse d'épargne postale est fondée en 1865 .

Œuvres choisies

 Amélioration mentale : ou, les beautés et merveilles de la nature et de l'art, 1794
 An Introduction to Botany, in a Series of Familiar Letters, Londres, 12 mois 1796
 Juvenile Anecdotes, Founded on Facts, 1795-8 (2 volumes bien reçus qui ont connu une huitième édition en 1825)
 Réflexions sur la condition actuelle du sexe féminin, avec suggestions pour son amélioration, 1798
 The Juvenile Travellers: Containing the Remarks of A Family during a Tour Through the Principal States and Kingdoms of Europe, 1801 (son œuvre de fiction imaginative la plus populaire atteignant la 19e édition en 1850)
 Loisirs domestiques : ou, dialogues illustratifs de sujets naturels et scientifiques, 1805
 Esquisses de mœurs humaines, 1807
 Une introduction à l'histoire naturelle et à la classification des insectes, dans une série de lettres, Londres, 1816, 12mo.

Références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Femme de lettres britannique
Écrivain anglais du XVIIIe siècle
Écrivain anglais du XIXe siècle
Naissance en janvier 1751
Décès en septembre 1832
Pages avec des traductions non relues
Décès à 81 ans

Priscilla Wakefield


Bundesliga 2018-2019 a fost cel de-al 56-lea sezon de Bundesliga, eșalonul superior al fotbalului din Germania. Sezonul a început pe 24 august 2018 și s-a încheiat pe 18 mai 2019.

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Schimbări de antrenori

Clasament

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Statistici

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Pasatori

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Portari cu meciuri fără gol primit

Referințe

Sezoane Bundesliga
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Bundesliga 2018-2019


The einstein (symbol E) is an obsolete unit with two conflicting definitions. It was originally defined as the energy in one mole of photons ( photons). Because energy is inversely proportional to wavelength, the unit is frequency dependent. This unit is not part of the International System of Units (SI) and is redundant with the joule. If it were still in use, as of the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units, its value would be related to the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation by

 1 einstein = 1 mol ×    = 1 mol ×  ×  ×  =  × ,
where  is the Avogadro constant,  is the Planck constant, and  is the frequency.

Sometime later, the unit was used differently in studies of photosynthesis to mean one mole of photons, rather than the energy in one mole of photons. As such, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was formerly often reported in microeinsteins per second per square meter (μE m−2 s−1). This usage is also not part of the SI and when used this way it is redundant with the mole.

Since the unit does not have a standard definition and is not part of the SI system, it has long been considered obsolete. The same information about photosynthetically active radiation can be conveyed using the SI convention by stating something such as "The photon flux was 1500 μmol m−2 s−1".

This unit was named after physicist Albert Einstein.

References

Photochemistry
Units of amount of substance

Einstein (unit)


Uma ciliopatia é qualquer distúrbio genético que afeta os cílios celulares ou as estruturas de ancoragem dos cílios, os corpos basais, ou a função ciliar. Os cílios primários são importantes para guiar o processo de desenvolvimento, de modo que a função ciliar anormal enquanto um embrião está se desenvolvendo pode levar a um conjunto de malformações que podem ocorrer independentemente do problema genético específico. A semelhança das características clínicas desses distúrbios do desenvolvimento significa que eles formam um grupo reconhecível de síndromes, vagamente atribuídas à função ciliar anormal e, portanto, chamadas de ciliopatias. Independentemente da causa genética real, é o agrupamento de um conjunto de características fisiológicas características que definem se uma síndrome é uma ciliopatia.

Embora as ciliopatias sejam geralmente consideradas como envolvendo proteínas que se localizam em cílios ou centrossomos móveis e/ou imóveis (primários), é possível que as ciliopatias estejam associadas a proteínas inesperadas, como XPNPEP3, que se localiza nas mitocôndrias, mas acredita-se que afete a função ciliar através clivagem proteolítica de proteínas ciliares.

Avanços significativos na compreensão da importância dos cílios foram feitos em meados da década de 1990. No entanto, o papel fisiológico que esta organela desempenha na maioria dos tecidos permanece indefinido. Estudos adicionais de como a disfunção ciliar pode levar a doenças tão graves e patologias do desenvolvimento ainda é um assunto de pesquisa atual.

Biologia celular

Ciliopatia


දෙහි කල් තබා ගැනීමේ ක්‍රමයක් ලෙස ලුණු දැමීම සිදුකරයි. මෙලෙස ලුණු දමා සකස්කර ගත් දෙහි ලුණු දෙහි ලෙස හඳුන්වනු ලබයි.

ලුණුදෙහි සකස්කර ගැනීම
දෙහි ගෙඩි වෙන් නොවන සේ හතරට පලා ලුණු කැට සමඟ මිශ්‍ර කර දින කිහිපයක් අව්වේ වියලා ගනු ලැබේ. රස වැඩිකර ගැනීම සදහා මේ අවස්ථාවේදීම කොච්චි එකතු කරගත හැක. හොදින් වියලා ගත් දෙහි, කට වැසිය හැකි පිරිසිදු භාජනයකට දමන්න. මිරිකා ගත් දෙහි යුෂ අව්වේ කකාරවා වියලා ගත් දෙහි සහිත භජනයට වියලි දෙහි වැසීයන පරිදි එක් කරන්න. භාජනයේ කට හොදින් වසන්න. මෙසේ සාදා ගත් ලුණුදෙහි බොහෝ කාලයක් කල්තබා ගත හැක.

ලුණුදෙහි ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගැනීම
දෙහි හිඟ කාල වලදී මෙම ලුණුදෙහි අහාර සකස්කර ගැනීමේදී භාවිතයට ගත හැක.

ආහාර කල්තබා ගැනීම

ලුණුදෙහි


São Miguel Paulista est un district de la zone est de la municipalité de São Paulo, dans l'État de São Paulo, au Brésil.

Son noyau initial s'appelait Capela dos Índios (Chapelle des Indiens), une église construite au XVIe siècle pour l'installation des peuples indigènes de la région. La chapelle est située sur la Praça Padre Aleixo Monteiro Mafra, également connue sous le nom de Praça do Forró. C'est le seul bâtiment de la ville de São Paulo qui, après la rénovation qu'il a subie au XVIIe siècle, reste totalement original, avec des murs en pisé.

Il a été, pendant de nombreuses années, appelé "district de Penha de França", acquérant une autonomie administrative à la fin de la période impériale. Cela faisait partie de la constitution du quartier, l'existence de la route qui reliait Rio de Janeiro à São Paulo et qui passait par l'ancienne Village de São Miguel. Aujourd'hui, la route est devenue avenue Marechal Tito et avenue São Miguel.

Desservi par la ligne 12 de la CPTM, l'ancienne Variante de l'Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil, ouverte dans les années 1930, et par le terminus São Miguel, le quartier est resté stagnant pendant plus d'un siècle. Aujourd'hui, il est devenu un important centre commercial et de population régional. C'est l'une des régions les plus peuplées de la commune.

L'un des principaux facteurs de développement a été les activités de la Companhia Nitro Química Brasileira, du groupe Votorantim, depuis 1937, qui a généré une importante migration vers São Miguel, principalement du nord-est. L'industrie a été une réponse de l'homme d'affaires José Ermírio de Moraes au leadership d'Indústrias Matarazzo dans la production de rayonne, soie synthétique. Aujourd'hui, l'industrie travaille avec d'autres produits, toujours dans le domaine de la chimie.

São Miguel Paulista dispose d'un réseau considérable de services publics et privés, avec des écoles, des hôpitaux, des commerces et diverses industries.

Quartiers de São Miguel Paulista : Jardim Nair ; Jardim Lapena; São Miguel Paulista (quartier) ; Vila Nova Itaquera de Baixo ; Cidade Nitro Operária ; Vila Siqueira ; Vila Pedroso ; Vila Americana ; Vila Doutor Eiras ; Parque Sônia ; Vila São Silvestre ; Vila Jacuí ; Vila Giordano ; Cidade São Miguel ; Vila Sinhá ; Vila Rosária ; Vila Vessoni ; Vila Aparecida ; Vila Olho D'Água ; Cidade Nova São Miguel ; Jardim São Sebastião ; Vila Xavantes ; União de Vila Nova ; Jardim Ipanema ; Jardim Lucinda ; Vila Raquel ; Vila Progresso ; Jardim Beatriz ; Vila Danúbio Azul ; Jardim Ubirajara.

Histoire

Au XVIe siècle, la région de l'actuelle municipalité était occupée par le village Tupiniquim Ururaí, commandé par Piquerobi et Jaguaranho.

L'Aldeamento de São Miguel était l'un des nombreux villages jésuites établis dans la région de São Paulo de Piratininga. Avec le village de Pinheiros, le village était l'un des seuls centres de population portugais indépendants qui ont réussi à prospérer dans la région.

La date de fondation de São Miguel est incertaine et controversée. La théorie qui pointe vers la date la plus ancienne informe l'année 1560, lorsque José de Anchieta a visité les Indiens Guaianases, qui avaient fui la Vila de São Paulo de Piratininga lorsqu'il a subi l'arrivée d'Indiens de la Village de Santo André da Borda do Campo. La dispersion de ces Indiens s'est produite dans différentes directions, mais São Miguel méritait une plus grande attention pour être dans un endroit stratégique, un point de défense de la Village de São Paulo contre l'invasion de Tamoios venant de la côte nord de São Paulo. São Miguel, alors appelé le village d'Ururaí, a été donné aux Indiens par une lettre de sesmaria datée du 12 octobre 1580. Dans ce village, une chapelle a été construite par les jésuites et les indiens, appelée Chapelle de São Miguel Arcanjo. Au XVIIe siècle, São Miguel perd son importance stratégique avec le départ massif des Indiens, emportés par les Portugais dans les entrées promues par l'arrière-pays.

La disposition royale du 21 juin 1779 éleva le village au District de São Miguel, tel qu'il est connu à ce jour. La charte de sesmaria a commencé à être bafouée, ouvrant des espaces au labour et à la croissance locale. Le 26 avril 1865, deux classes d'enseignement des premières lettres (cours primaire) sont créées. Un pour les garçons et un pour les filles. Le 16 juin 1891, le premier bureau d'état civil (notaire de paix) est créé. Jusqu'au XIXe siècle, lorsque l'on parle de São Miguel, on comprend l'espace géographique qui comprend les lieux qui correspondent aujourd'hui aux quartiers d'Itaim Paulista, Ermelino Matarazzo, Itaquera, Guaianases, Pimentas et, au début, même une partie de la municipalité de Mogi das Cruzes. En 1903, la région comptait déjà 108 maisons et 2 299 habitants.

Évolution

Pendant longtemps, la principale activité économique de la commune a été l'industrie de la céramique. A partir de 1913, le quartier commence également à évoluer commercialement. Le premier marchand du quartier fut Manuel Ferreira Guimarães. En 1920, un agent immobilier place dans son lotissement (actuel Parque Paulistano), un bus avec trois trajets quotidiens, facilitant l'accès aux acquéreurs de son terrain. La même année, un grand nombre d'habitants du Nord-est ont commencé à s'installer à São Paulo, principalement de Bahia et de Pernambuco, qui se sont installés notamment à São Miguel.

En 1950, la Franc-maçonnerie, le Rotary et le Lions Club ont été fondés. Ses fondateurs et principaux associés sont toujours des commerçants établis dans la région. Le premier gymnase de nuit d'État a ouvert ses portes en 1953 à Carlos Gomes, déjà installé comme Groupe Écolier depuis 1938.

La première route du district, São Paulo-Jacareí, a été construite de manière précaire en 1924, faute de ressources. En 1930, la ligne de bus Penha-São Miguel est inaugurée, gérée par Empresa Auto Ônibus Penha São Miguel. En 1932, la ligne variante de l'Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil a été inaugurée et la même année la gare de São Miguel. La phase industrielle débute en 1935, lorsque M. Antônio Fuga et ses fils ont commencé la construction de Companhia Nitro Química Brasileira.

La première route en béton du Brésil est apparue à São Miguel, en 1939, ainsi que l'électricité et l'inauguration de la Companhia Nitro Química Brasileira. En 1941, Celosul, une usine de papier appartenant au Grupo Matarazzo, est installée à Ermelino Matarazzo. A cette époque, Ermelino Matarazzo faisait partie de São Miguel. Companhia Nitro Química a connu une croissance rapide et en 1948, elle employait déjà 4 000 travailleurs. São Miguel a commencé à s'étendre vers la localité.

Actuellement, la zone territoriale du district représente la partie restante de la sesmaria accordée en 1580 aux Indiens chrétiens d'Ururaí. Itaquera et Lajeado (actuellement Guaianases), séparées de São Miguel, constituant des districts autonomes, créés respectivement en 1920 et 1929. En 1959, Ermelino Matarazzo a été démembré, réservant à São Miguel la zone la plus étroitement liée à la chapelle.

La dénomination du district a subi des changements successifs. La référence nominale la plus ancienne à la région est Ururaí. Avec la formation du village chrétien, São Miguel de Ururaí a émergé. En 1944, ce nom a été remplacé par Baquirivu, mais en 1948, après la protestation des habitants, il est réapparu avec le nom de São Miguel Paulista. En 1992, le nom a perdu le 'Paulista'. Dès lors, il y a eu une montée rapide du quartier, générant plusieurs problèmes, puisque les nouveaux habitants, main-d'œuvre non qualifiée, ont été répartis dans les endroits les plus éloignés où il y avait possibilité d'utilisation, créant des difficultés pour les transports urbains vers le centre de la localité. Avec l'afflux massif de nouveaux résidents à faible revenu, construisant leurs maisons sur des terrains exigus et sans infrastructure, ils ont commencé à vivre de manière précaire.

Dans les années 1950, presque tout dans le quartier devait être rénové ou refait. C'est alors que les problèmes locaux ont sensibilisé l'administration publique. Le gouvernement de l'État a activé le secteur éducatif, multipliant les écoles primaires et les établissements d'enseignement secondaire, comme le Conjunto Educacional D. Pedro I de l'architecte Roberto Tibau. La décentralisation administrative a beaucoup aidé à résoudre les problèmes sociaux et urbains de São Miguel, apportant les améliorations tant attendues à la région, allant de la réforme de la nomenclature des voies publiques à l'intégration du quartier dans le grand réseau routier de la capitale, parmi plusieurs autres avantages pour la population.

En 1956, l'ancienne Companhia Telefônica Brasileira (CTB) a commencé à exploiter 200 téléphones portables. Ceux-ci ont été remplacés en 1970 par 600 bornes automatiques, en plus d'une vingtaine de téléphones publics, reliés au nouveau central téléphonique qui fonctionnait avec les mille « 0 » du préfixe 297. Quelques "coupures de zone" ont eu lieu à partir de 1980, avec la création de nouveaux centres téléphoniques à Itaim Paulista et Jardim Helena. Actuellement, le central téléphonique de São Miguel exploite environ 100 000 bornes.

En 2018, São Miguel a reçu une unité moderne du SENAC, avec plus de 26 000 mètres carrés, Senac São Miguel est la plus grande unité Senac de l'État; le space proposera 80% de son offre de cours aux places libres. L'inauguration a été suivie par le maire de l'époque João Doria et le directeur régional de Senac Luiz Francisco Salgado.

Religion
Dans le domaine religieux, São Miguel possède un diocèse, dirigé par Dom Manuel Parrado Carral, plusieurs églises évangéliques et centres spirites.

Une référence religieuse importante à São Miguel était le père Aleixo Monteiro Mafra, né dans la municipalité de São Paulo de Guaratinguetá le 11 février 1901. Le père Aleixo arrive dans le quartier pour prendre possession de sa paroisse (ancienne chapelle) le 2 mars 1941.

La place qui, aujourd'hui, porte son nom dans un juste hommage, s'appelait Praça Campos Sales. L'Église matricielle de São Miguel était encore l'ancienne chapelle construite en 1622 et contenait à peine deux cents personnes. Le père Aleixo est obligé de dire plusieurs messes dominicales pour que tous les fidèles puissent y assister. Lorsque le père Aleixo a repris la paroisse, le quartier comptait environ huit mille habitants ; dix ans plus tard, ils étaient près de quarante mille, c'est pourquoi l'archidiocèse de São Paulo a jugé nécessaire de construire une nouvelle église matricielle, avec le père Aleixo.

Le 13 janvier 1952, la première pierre de la nouvelle Église matricielle est enfin posée, avec la présence de personnalités civiles et ecclésiastiques. Le 29 mars 1964, le père Aleixo a été retiré de la paroisse de São Miguel par la curie diocésaine, après 23 ans de service. Son retrait n'a pas été correctement clarifié, ayant des causes contradictoires.

Le 22 août 1965, la nouvelle Église matricielle a été inaugurée. De cette façon, l'ancienne chapelle, qui était liée à l'ancienne époque coloniale, cède la place à la nouvelle matrice, devenant simplement un patrimoine historique et artistique de la Praça Padre Aleixo Monteiro Mafra.

Avec la perte de la paroisse où il avait travaillé si dur pendant tant d'années, le Père Aleixo subit un choc de santé et de nostalgie et le jour de son 66e anniversaire, le 11 février 1967, il mourut. En son honneur, le quartier porte son nom sur l'une de ses places principales, qui, en raison de la grande migration du nord-est, a fini par être surnommée "Praça do Forró", pour laquelle elle est surtout connue.

Commerce
Le quartier compte plus de 200 magasins et est actuellement le troisième plus grand centre de commerce de São Paulo. Parmi ses principales rues commerçantes, on distingue les suivantes : rua Serra Dourada, rua Arlindo Colaço, rua Miguel Ângelo Lapenna et avenue Marechal Tito.

Fêtes d'anniversaire du district
La population de São Miguel célèbre toujours l'anniversaire du quartier en septembre, et l'événement festif a plusieurs attractions culturelles.

En 2016, le 394e anniversaire du District a été célébré, avec la création d'une fresque qui raconte l'histoire des immigrés, du nord-est aux peuples arabes et japonais.

Voir aussi
 Liste des districts de São Paulo
 Population des districts de São Paulo (recensement de 2010)
 Zone territoriale des districts de São Paulo (IBGE)
 Télécommunications à São Paulo

Notes et références

District à São Paulo

São Miguel Paulista


Isak Alkalaj (Samokov, 25. studenog 1882. – New York, 29. prosinca 1978.), židovski  je teolog, vrhovni rabin Kraljevine Jugoslavije do početka Drugog svjetskog rata i okupacije Jugoslavije.

Životopis
Isak Alkalaj je rođen 25. studenog 1882. godine u bugarskom gradu Samokov u obitelji Avrama i Rebike Alkalaj. Kao dječak, sa roditeljima je preselio u Sofiju, a potom u Zemun. Otac mu je u Zemunu radio kao kantor u gradskoj sinagogi. Osnovnu školu i nižu realku završio je u Zemunu, a gimnaziju u Beogradu. Završio je Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Beču i Viši rabinski seminar. Rabinsku službu započeo je 1909. kao zastupnik sefardskog rabina u Kraljevini Srbiji, a 1911. postao je glavni rabin Kraljevine Srbije. Sa uspostavljanjem ustanove Vrhovnog rabinata 1923. godine, imenovan je za vrhovnog rabina Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca tj. Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Na toj je dužnosti ostao do 1941. godine. Istovremeno je bio i predsjednik Saveza rabina Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Za vrijeme Balkanskih ratova, istakao se u prikupljanju pomoći za sanitet, ali je radio i na pridobijanju Židova u novooslobođenim krajevima za novu državu. Tijekom Prvog svjetskog rata, išao je u humanitarne misije u Italiju, Švicarsku, Francusku i Englesku, te prikupljao pomoć za vojsku Kraljevine Srbije. Po nalogu srbijanske vlade, išao je i u Sjedinjene Države da bi propagirao "jugoslavensku stvar" među tamošnjim Židovima. Bio je član Oblasnog odbora Crvenog križa, te član i predsjednik židovskog reda Benei Brita za Srbiju i njegove Velike lože Jugoslavija. Jedan je od osnivača privremenog Glavnog odbora Saveza židovskih vjeroispovednih općina Jugoslavije 1919. godine. Za senatora po funkciji imenovan je 1932. godine. Također je bio jedan od predstavnika jugoslavenskih Židova na Prvom zasjedanju Svjetskog židovskog kongresa u Genevi 1936. godine. Aktivno se služio njemačkim, francuskim, engleskim, španjolskim i starohebrejskim jezikom. Objavio je više priloga o srbijanskim Židovima u "The American Jewish Year Book" 1918. godine. Izbjegao je u Sjedinjene Države 1941 godine. Nastanio se u New Yorku i bio aktivan član Udruge jugoslavenskih Židova u Sjedinjenim Državama.

Preminuo je u New Yorku 1978. godine.

Odlikovanja
  Red Svetog Save IV. reda
  Red Svetog Save III. reda
  Red Svetog Save I. reda

Izvori

Literatura

Životopisi, Zemun
Židovi u Srbiji

Isak Alkalaj


An Mycaranthes oblitterata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Ludwig von Blume. An Mycaranthes oblitterata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mycaranthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mycaranthes

Mycaranthes oblitterata


Uztegui (Uztegi en euskera y de forma oficial) es una localidad española y un concejo de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra perteneciente al municipio de Araiz.

Está situado en la Merindad de Pamplona, en la comarca de Norte de Aralar, y a 49 km de la capital de la comunidad, Pamplona. Su población en  fue de  habitantes (INE), su superficie es de  km² y su densidad de población de  hab/km².

Geografía física

Situación
La localidad de Uztegui está situada en la parte occidental del municipio de Araiz a una altitud de 310  Su término concejil tiene una superficie de  km² y limita al norte con el concejo de Azcárate; al este con el de Arriba-Atallo y el municipio de Betelu; al sur con los concejos de Inza y Gainzal y al oeste con la Comunidad e Amézqueta y Ordicia (Guipúzcoa).

Demografía

Evolución de la población

Véase también
 Araiz
 Lista de concejos de Navarra

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Datos del Concejo de Uztegui - Gobierno de Navarra - Información y datos de entidades locales de Navarra.
 Artículo de Uztegui - Gran Enciclopedia Navarra.

Concejos de Araiz
Localidades de Araiz

Uztegui


1994 yılında yayına Yön FM adıyla yayına başlayan Yön Radyo, İstanbul ve Marmara Bölgesinde yayın yapan bir radyo istasyonudur. Türkü ve Türk halk müziği ağırlıklı yayın yapan radyo istasyonu, karasal yayınların yanı sıra Türksat uydusundan da dinlenebilmektedir.

2016 yılında FETÖ ile ilişkili olduğu iddiasıyla kapatılma kararı verilmiş, bunun doğru olmadığına yönelik tepkiler sonrası kapatılma kararı ertelenmiştir.

Ocak 2018'de gerçekleştirilen 4. Anadolu Tiyatro Ödüllerinde, Tüm Zamanların En İyi Radyosu ödülünün sahibi oldu. Şubat 2018'de, Türkiye Gazeteciler Sendikası ile Yön Radyo arasında imzalanan toplu iş sözleşmesi, Türkiye Gazeteciler Sendikasının bir radyo istasyonuyla imzaladığı ilk toplu iş sözleşmesi oldu.

Yön Radyo Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Yüksel Mansur Kılınç'dır. Yön Radyo İstanbul ve çevresinde 96.6 frekansından dinlenebilmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Yön Radyo Websitesi

Kaynakça

Türkiye radyo kanalları
Halk müziği yayını yapan radyolar
1994'te kurulan radyo kanalları
United Media

Yön Radyo


Nahija Suran ()  je sirijska nahija u okrugu Hama u pokrajini Hama. Po popisu iz 2004. (prije rata), nahija je imala 90.654 stanovnika. Administrativno sjedište je u naselju Suran.

Izvori

Sirijske nahije
Pokrajina Hama

Suran (nahija)


النَّفَل  جنس نباتي ينتمي إلى الفصيلة البقولية ويشمل حوالي 300 نوع من النباتات يستخدم معظمها كمحاصيل علفية.

يعد النفل من أهم المحاصيل المثبتة للنيتروجين عن طريق البكتيريا المستجذرة، والتثبيت التعايشي للنيتروجين هو إحدى ميزات الفصيلة البقولية، وهذا يساهم في زيادة خصوبة التربة.

الوصف النباتي
يكون شكل ورقة النفل مميزًا، حيث يحمل النبات أوراقًا مركبة تتكون من ثلاث وريقات.

أنواع النفل

من أنواعه الواطنة في الوطن العربي
 النفل الأجوف  في بلاد الشام
 النفل الأرجواني  في الشام
 النفل الإسطنبولي  في الشام
 نفل البرسيم  في الشام ومنها انتشر إلى مصر وأماكن أخرى
 النفل البري  في الشام ومصر والمغرب العربي وكل أوروبا
 نفل بواسييه  في الشام
 نفل بوتشوني  في الشام
 النفل البيروتي  في الشام
 النفل الحاد  في الشام
 النفل الحارق  في الشام والمغرب العربي وشمال حوض المتوسط
 النفل الحبي  في الشام وقبرص وتركيا واليونان
 النفل الحرجي  في الشام والمغرب العربي وشمال حوض المتوسط
 النفل الحرشفي  في الشام ومصر والمغرب العربي ومعظم مناطق أوروبا والقوقاز
 النفل الحقلي  في الشام والمغرب العربي وكل مناطق أوروبا والقوقاز
 النفل الخشن  في الشام وتركيا
 النفل خشن الحواف  في الشام والمغرب العربي وشمال حوض المتوسط وشرق أوروبا والقوقاز
 النفل الداسيوري  في الشام ومصر وقبرص وتركيا واليونان
 النفل الذهبي  في الشام وتركيا والقوقاز وأوروبا
 النفل الرغوي  في الشام والمغرب العربي وقبرص وتركيا وشمال حوض المتوسط وبعض مناطق أوروبا
 النفل الزاحف أو النفل الأبيض  في الشام والمغرب العربي وأوروبا
 النفل السلموني  في الشام
 النفل الشرليري  في الشام والمغرب العربي وحوض المتوسط
 النفل صغير الأسدية  في الشام والمغرب العربي وحوض المتوسط
 النفل صوفي الكرات  في الشام
 النفل رفيع الأوراق  في الشام
 النفل الزغبي  في الشام والمغرب العربي وقبرص وتركيا وشمال حوض المتوسط
 النفل العنتابي  في الشام
 النفل الغدي  في الشام وتركيا واليونان
 النفل الفافيلوفي  في الشام وتركيا
 النفل الفراولي  في الشام ومصر والمغرب العربي وتركيا والقوقاز وكل مناطق أوروبا
 النفل الفلسطيني  في الشام
 النفل قليل الأزهار  في الشام وتركيا واليونان
 النفل القنفذي  في الشام
 النفل القنفذي الكرملي  في الشام وتركيا
 النفل القوقازي  في الشام
 النفل الكبريتي  في الشام والمغرب العربي ومعظم مناطق أوروبا
 النفل كبير الأزهار  في الشام وتركيا والقوقاز وشمال حوض المتوسط
 النفل الكلوسي  في الشام
 النفل اللبدي  في الشام ومصر والمغرب العربي وحوض المتوسط والقوقاز
 النفل الليغوري  في الشام والمغرب العربي وتركيا وجنوب غرب أوروبا
 النفل المتكئ  في الشام ومصر والمغرب العربي وتركيا والقوقاز ومعظم مناطق أوروبا
 النفل المحمر
 النفل المختنق  في الشام والمغرب العربي وحوض المتوسط والقوقاز
 النفل مدبب الأزهار  في المغرب العربي
 النفل المدرع  في الشام وقبرص وتركيا
 نفل المروج أو النفل الأحمر  في الشام والمغرب العربي والقوقاز وأوروبا
 النفل المسود  في الشام ومصر والمغرب العربي وحوض المتوسط
 النفل المطمور  في الشام والمغرب العربي وتركيا والقوقاز ومعظم مناطق أوروبا
 النفل المعنقد  في الشام والمغرب العربي وتركيا والقوقاز وشمال حوض المتوسط
 النفل ملون الأسدية  في الشام
 النفل النجمي  في الشام والمغرب العربي وشمال حوض المتوسط وروسيا
 نفل هاوسنخت  في الشام وتركيا
 النفل الهوائي  في الشام والمغرب العربي ومعظم مناطق حوض المتوسط
 النفل الواطي  في الشام وتركيا

من أنواعه الأخرى
 النفل السويدي  في شمال أوروبا وانتشر في أماكن أخرى

مصادر

محاصيل مثتبة للنتيروجين
أصنوفات سماها كارولوس لينيوس
مغطيات التربة
نباتات الحدائق
نباتات وملقحات
نفلاوية

نفل


Gaude Mater Polonia (hrv. Raduj se, majko Poljsko; polj. Raduj się, matko Polsko) bila je jedna od najznačajnijih srednjovjekovnih poljskih himni. Napisana je na latinskom između 13. i 14. stoljeća u spomen na sv. Stanislava, krakovskoga biskupa. Poljski vitezovi pjevali su himnu nakon pobjede u bitci, vjerojatno na jednu od gregorijanskih melodija povezanih s euharistijskim psalmom O Salutaris Hostia na kojem se temelji. Državna himna je Kraljevine Poljske i Poljsko-Litavske Unije.

Povijest
Himna je nastala 1253. godine, zajedno s kanonizacijom Stanislava Krakovskoga 8. rujna u Asizu. Stanislav je umro mučeničkom smrću 11. travnja 1079. godine. Autor himne je prvi poljski skladatelj u povijesti glazbe poznat po imenu Vincent iz Kielcza, dominikanac, kanonik i kapelan. Dugo je bio pogrešno nazivan Vincentom iz Kielcea, a napisao je pjesmu u spomen na kanonizaciju svetoga Stanislava. Pretpostavlja se da je praizvedba skladbe održana 8. svibnja 1254. godine, tijekom svečanosti kanonizacije u Krakowu.

Vincent je odlučio opisati život i djela biskupa Stanislava te čudesa koja su se dogodila nakon njegove smrti, a o kojima se pričalo gotovo dva stoljeća. Legenda kaže da su se dijelovi tijela svetoga Stanislava, nakon što je raskomadano, čudesno ovezali ponovno oblikujuči cijelo tijelo, dok su orlovi kružili nebom.

Tijekom godina, Gaude Mater Polonia konačno je postala kraljevskom himnom Kraljevine Poljske. Himna je postala dio poljske tradicije i povijesti, pjevala se tijekom krunidbe poljskoga kralja, kraljevskih vjenčanja, kao i tijekom proslave pobjede Ivana III. Sobieskog u Opsadi Beča 1683. godine. Kraljevi i vojni zapovjednici zahvaljivali su za svoje uspjehe pjevanjem himne nakon bitke. Melodija je popularna gotovo 750 godina, u kojem je od tada postala ključni dio poljske kulture. Danas se pjeva na većini sveučilišta, kao i za vrijeme važnih državnih praznika.

Glazba
S glazbenoga gledišta, Gaude Mater Polonia ima jedinstvenu melodijsku liniju koja ne nalikuje nijednoj poznatoj u inim latinskim himnama. Njena melodija ima simetričnu strukturu, lučnog ili gudalnog tipa, što je čini melodijom svojstvenom za narodne pjesme. Ima presretan, ali ponosan karakter. Neki izvori kažu da je nadahnuće za melodiju bila himna sv. Dominiku, Gaude Mater Ecclesia (Raduj se, majko Crkvo), koja vuče korijene od talijanskih dominikanaca. Iako više nije državna himna Poljske, često prati svečanosti nacionalna i vjerskoga značaja.

Tekst

Izvori

Himne bivših država

Gaude Mater Polonia


AC Ajaccio je francuski nogometni klub iz Ajaccia. Trenutačno nastupa u Ligue 2. 1967. godine postali su prvi korzikanski klub koji je igrao u najvišem rangu francuske lige. Zadnji put kad su igrali u Ligue 1 je bilo u sezoni 2013/14, u kojoj su završili na zadnjem mjestu s 23 boda. 2 puta su osvojili Ligue 2 (1966/67 i 2000/01)   i 9 puta su osvojili Ligue de Corse. Njihovi rivali su SC Bastia i Gazélec Ajaccio.

Najveći uspjesi
Ligue 2
Prvak (2): 1966–67, 2001–02
Championnat National
Prvak (1): 1997–98
Ligue de Corse
Prvak (9): 1920, 1921, 1934, 1939, 1948, 1950, 1955, 1964, 1994

Popis igrača 2019/20
VRA Benjamin Leroy

VRA François-Joseph Sollacaro

BRA Gédéon Kalulu

BRA Gaël Andonian

BRA Ismaël Diallo

BRA Cédric Avinel

BRA Jérémy Choplin

BRA Mathieu Huard

VEZ Johan Cavalli (kapetan)

VEZ Mathieu Coutadeur

VEZ Qazim Laçi

VEZ Mattéo Tramoni

VEZ Abdoulaye Keita

VEZ Kévin Lejeune

VEZ Mohamed Youssouf

NAP Cyrille Bayala

NAP Gaëtan Courtet

NAP Hugo Cuypers

Izvori

Francuski nogometni klubovi

AC Ajaccio


Musa Herdem, também conhecido como Musa, o Sniper, foi um combatente curdo do YPG que ganhou significativa atenção da mídia durante o cerco de Kobane em 2014.

Nascido em Rojhelat, Irã, em Selmas, perto de Urmiye, Herdem falava curmanji e sorâni fluentemente, bem como persa e turco. Crescendo em Selmas, uma cidade mista de armênios, assírios, curdos e azeris, ele teve uma educação difícil. Sua infância foi gasta no contrabando para ganhar a vida, pois vinha de uma família muito pobre. Ele era um kolbar (significando "trabalho transfronteiriço"), que é um trabalhador contratado para transportar mercadorias nas costas através das fronteiras do Irã, Iraque, Síria e Turquia legal ou ilegalmente. A maioria dos kolbars vive no Curdistão iraniano, onde as províncias curdas estão entre as mais pobres do país.

Durante a Batalha de Kobani, Herdem foi retratado por um fotógrafo iraniano-curdo da AFP cujas fotos foram amplamente divulgadas na imprensa internacional. Ele deu entrevistas a vários meios de comunicação internacionais descrevendo como ele havia atirado em militantes do Estado Islâmico de 400 metros com um fuzil Dragunov produzido na Rússia. Ele foi destaque no curta-metragem de Jos de Putter, Story of a Sniper ("História de um Sniper"), distribuído pela Journeyman Pictures.

Ele também era o comandante de uma unidade, o Grupo Sniper de Kobani.

Herdem foi morto em 7 de abril de 2015 após a libertação do centro da cidade. "Se os snipers eram reis em Kobane, então Hardem era o Imperador", disse um dos colegas de Herdem do YPG em homenagem a ele...

Ligações externas
 Journeyman.tv – Story of a Sniper

Mortos em 2015
Pessoas da Primavera Árabe

Musa Herdem


Vă place hocheiul? este un film românesc din 1985 regizat de Mihai Constantinescu.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1985 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1985
Filme regizate de Mihai Constantinescu

Vă place hocheiul?


Cécile Morrisson (16 iunie 1940, Dinan, Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, Franța) este o cercetătoare a istoriei și numismată franceză. Director de cercetări emerit la CNRS, ea s-a specializat în studiul Imperiului Bizantin.

Biografie
Cécile Morrisson s-a născut la 16 iunie 1940 la Dinan, Franța. A studiat la École normale supérieure din Paris, unde și-a obținut doctoratul în istorie.

Ea a fost

Este director de cercetări emerit la CNRS și Advisor for Byzantine numismatics la Dumbarton Oaks, Washington. Este membră a Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres de la 11 decembrie 2015.

Opere
 Cécile Morrison, Les Croisades, Paris : PUF, 1969

 Cécile Morrison, Catalogue des monnaies byzantines de la Bibliothèque nationale, Paris, 1970

 tome 1 : D'Anastase Ier à Justinien II (491-711)

 tome 2 : De Philippicus à Alexis III (711-1204)

 Cécile Morrison et Tommaso Bertelè, Numismatique byzantine suivie de deux éludes inédites sur les monnaies des Paléoloques, Wetteren, 1978

 Roger Guéry, Cécile Morrisson et Hédi Slim, Recherches archéologiques franco-tunisiennes à Rougga, Rome, 1982

 tome 3 : Le trésor de monnaies d'or byzantines

 Cécile Morrisson, Claude Brenot, Jean-Noël Barrandon, Jean-Pierre Callu, J. Poirier et Robert J. Halleux, L'Or monnayé, tome 1 : Purification et altérations de Rome à Byzance, Paris, 1985

 Catherine Abadie-Reynal, Vassiliki Kravari, Jacques Lefort et Cécile Morrisson, Hommes et richesses dans l'Empire byzantin, vol. 1-2, Paris, 1989-1991

 Jean-Claude Cheynet, Cécile Morrisson et Werner Seibt, Sceaux byzantins de la collection Henri Seyrig, Paris, 1991

 Cécile Morrisson, La numismatique, Paris, 1992

 Cécile Morrisson, Monnaie et finances à Byzance, Aldershot: Variorum, 1994.

 Cécile Morrisson et Bernd Kluge, A Survey of Numismatic Research 1990-1995, Berlin, 1997

 Cécile Morrisson, Les Échanges au Moyen Âge: Justinien, Mahomet, Charlemagne; trois empires dans l'économie médiévale, Dijon, 2000

 Denis Feissel, Cécile Morrisson et Jean-Claude Cheynet, Trois donations byzantines au Cabinet des Médailles : Froehner (1925) ; Schlumberger (1929) ; Zacos (1998), Paris, 2001 (exposition organisée à l'occasion du XXe Congrès International des Etudes Byzantines à Paris, 16 juillet - 14 octobre 2001)

 Cécile Morrisson, Le Monde byzantin, tome 1 : L'Empire romain d'Orient: 330-641, Paris : PUF, 2004

 tradus în italiană : Cécile Morrisson, Silvia Ronchey et Tommaso Braccini, Il mondo bizantino, t. 1: L'impero romano d'Oriente (330-641), Einaudi, vol. 1-3, 2007-2013

 Jacques Lefort, Cécile Morrisson et Jean-Pierre Sodini, Les Villages dans l'Empire byzantin, IVe-XVe siècle, Paris, 2005

 Cécile Morrisson, Vladislav Popovic et Vujadin Ivaniševic, Les Trésor monétaires byzantins des Balkans et d'Asie Mineure (491-713), Paris, 2006

 Angeliki E. Laiou et Cécile Morrisson, The Byzantine Economy, Cambridge, 2007.

 Cécile Morrisson (et John William Nesbitt,Catalogue of Byzantine seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art . 6: Emperors, patriarchs of Constantinople, addenda, Washington, DC, 2009

 Angeliki E. Laiou et Cécile Morrisson, Le monde byzantin. Byzance et ses voisins 1204 - 1453, tome 3: L'empire grec et ses voisins, XIIIe - XVe siècle, Paris, 2011

 Cécile Morrisson, Trade and Markets in Byzantium, Washington, DC, 2012

 Cécile Morrisson, Byzance et sa monnaie (IVe - XVe siècle). Précis de numismatique byzantine, suivi du catalogue de la collection Lampart, Paris, 2015

 Cécile Morrisson et Georg-D. Schaaf, Byzance et sa monnaie: IVe-XVe siècle: précis de numismatique byzantine'', Paris, 2015

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1940
Nașteri pe 16 iunie
Numismatică
Numismați
Istorici francezi din secolul al XX-lea
Istorici francezi
Istorici ai Bizanțului
Membri ai Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
Bizantiniști francezi
Femei de știință din secolul al XX-lea
Femei de știință din secolul al XXI-lea
Oameni în viață
Istorici francezi din secolul al XXI-lea

Cécile Morrisson


John Cochrane (4 February 1798 – 2 March 1878) was a Scottish chess master and lawyer. After serving in the Royal Navy Cochrane chose to become a barrister. While studying law, he became a very strong chess player and published a book on the game, which included the Cochrane variation of the Salvio Gambit, a main line of the King's Gambit. Around this time he played against the Frenchmen Deschapelles and Labourdonnais, who were acknowledged to be Europe's strongest players at the time.

After a long tour of duty in India, he returned to the UK and beat everyone except Howard Staunton, whom he then helped to prepare for his victorious match against the Frenchman Saint-Amant, which established Staunton as the world's leading player. Cochrane returned to India, where he became known as the "Father of the Calcutta Bar" (association of barristers) and a leading member of the Calcutta Chess Club; the Club and Cochrane personally both made significant financial contributions to the first international chess tournament, which Staunton organised. Cochrane continued to play chess and to send games to the UK for publication, mostly in Staunton's columns. His two main opponents were Indians, and against one of them he made the first recorded use of the Cochrane Gambit against Petrov's Defence. When he returned to the UK for good, Cochrane continued to practise law part-time, mainly in important cases that arose in India, and wrote articles and books about the law. By this time he was too old for serious chess competition but played many casual games with strong players.

Cochrane is credited with discovering the Cochrane Defense, a technique to draw the difficult endgame defence of a rook against a rook and bishop. Cochrane is known for his dashing playing style – liberally sacrificing pieces and always attacking. His best-known opening innovations are generally regarded as dubious, although the Cochrane Gambit is still occasionally used as a surprise weapon in master chess. Commentators during his life and after his death expressed strong affection for him.

Biography

Cochrane was "a member of a distinguished Scottish family of which the Earl of Dundonald was the head". He was probably the son of John Cochrane, an army paymaster and merchant and the son of Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald. As a youth Cochrane was a midshipman in the Royal Navy, and is said to have served aboard HMS Bellerophon when the ship transported Napoleon Bonaparte to Britain in 1815. The downsizing of the Navy after the end of the Napoleonic Wars made promotion prospects poor, and Cochrane switched to a career as a barrister, apparently joining the Middle Temple without first attending a university.

While he was a student he first came to notice as a chess player. The first records of John Cochrane as a chess-player are five games (−3 =1 +1) played receiving the pawn and move from The Turk (operated, at the time, by Mouret) in 1819. In 1822 published A Treatise on the Game of Chess, of which the section on odds was based on the Traité des Amateurs, written by Verdoni, Bernard, Carlier and Leger. However Cochrane's book contained significant amounts of his own analysis, including the Cochrane variation of the Salvio Gambit, a line in the King's Gambit. It is known that Cochrane played against Deschapelles and Labourdonnais, who were acknowledged to be Europe's strongest players from 1800 to 1820 and from 1820 to 1840 respectively; his games against them may have been played between 1822 and 1824, but by the time of Cochrane's death commentators were unsure of the dates.

Soon after qualifying as a barrister, Cochrane decided to make his career in India. Before he left, however, he took a leading part for the London team in the early stages of a correspondence match against an Edinburgh team, which lasted from 1824 to 1828, and which the Edinburgh team won. The best-known game of this match was the second, in which, according to Howard Staunton, the London team obtained a winning position by following Cochrane's plan, but blundered after his departure. In India Cochrane became a successful and respected barrister, and also lost no opportunity to play chess with other expatriates and with Indians.

By the early 1840s Cochrane had accumulated a lot of leave, and he spent 1841 to 1843 in the UK. Naturally he spent a lot of time at the top London chess clubs, where he beat almost everyone – including Pierre de Saint-Amant, who was France's strongest player. However the rising star of British chess was Howard Staunton, who had been a schoolboy when Cochrane published his book. Staunton and Cochrane played at least 120 games on level terms, of which Staunton won about twice as many as Cochrane. Just before Cochrane's return to India, Staunton began to give him the odds of Pawn and move, and in these games their scores were equal. Although Cochrane was annoyed with Staunton for under-representing Cochrane's wins in his chess articles, he helped Staunton to prepare for his second match against Saint-Amant, which Staunton won and therefore was for several years regarded as the world's strongest player.

Even after Cochrane returned to India, later in 1843, Staunton's articles and books continued to publish Cochrane's games, and contain most of the games by Cochrane that are still known about, whether played in England or India. It was Staunton who made British chess aware of how strong Cochrane was at his peak, and described him as "Father of the English Chess School". During the second part of Cochrane's career in India his main opponents were the Indian players Moheschunder Bannerjee and Saumchurn Guttack also known as Somacarana or Shyamacharan Ghatak. Cochrane's first recorded use of the Cochrane Gambit against Petrov's Defence was in a game against Bannerjee in 1848. Bannerjee's fondness for fianchettoed openings, as reported by Cochrane, eventually led to the Indian defence class of openings.  Another game, published in William Norwood Potter's City of London Chess Magazine shows Bannerjee playing with the black pieces and beating Cochrane in a game that opened with the King's Indian Four Pawns Attack. When Staunton organised the world's first international chess tournament, the Calcutta Chess Club as a group made one of the largest donations to the tournament's funds, and in addition its principal officers Cochrane and T.C. Morton made two of the largest personal contributions. During his second period in India Cochrane became known as the Father of the Calcutta Bar (local association of barristers). Staunton also published an incident in which Cochrane gave the whole of his fee for a case to a group of famine-stricken Indians

When Cochrane returned to the UK for good, he continued to work part-time as a barrister, arguing several Indian appeals before the UK's Privy Council and writing legal treatises. His most important law book, the "Defence of the Daya Bhaga" (1872), was written in support of the native law of inheritance in Bengal. At the time of his death he was working on another law book. His enthusiasm for chess remained equally strong, although he restricted himself to casual games that typically lasted about 15 minutes – many of them with the veteran master Johann Löwenthal (1810–1876). He was a keen spectator at more serious contests and, as he was going deaf by this time, his comments on the play were often loud enough to be heard by players and amuse bystanders. He became known for his entertaining but always amiable conversation, and for the encouragement he gave to young players.

Cochrane was one of the earliest notable British chess masters, his playing career beginning during those of Jacob Henry Sarratt (1772–1819) and William Lewis (1787–1870). He played against Labourdonnais before anyone had heard of the Frenchman's great opponent Alexander McDonnell, and was a successful writer about the game in 1822, when Howard Staunton was a schoolboy. In 1844 George Walker described Cochrane's approach to the game:"Mr. Cochrane is the most brilliant player I have ever had the honour to look over or confront; not even excepting De la Bourdonnais; and pity it is that his very brilliancy so often mars success." Cochrane was also a well-known chess theoretician, although his innovations in the openings were generally unsound, and only he could get away with playing them.
However the Cochrane Gambit still appears occasionally as a surprise weapon in serious competition, for example Veselin Topalov drew with it against Vladimir Kramnik at Linares in 1999. The Cochrane Defense is the method most often chosen by top-class players to draw in the endgame with a rook versus a rook and bishop.

See also
 Cochrane Defense

Notes

References

External links

Minev, Nikolay (2005). The Legacy of John Cochrane. (PDF). Chesscafe.com

1798 births
1878 deaths
19th-century chess players
British chess players
Scottish chess players
Scottish lawyers
Chess theoreticians
Place of birth missing
John

John Cochrane (chess player)


Padovanski ciklus fresaka iz 14. stoljeća je naziv za četiri lokaliteta u Padovi u kojima se nalazi osam ciklusa fresaka u sakralnim i svjetovnim građevinama koje su naslikane od 1302. do 1397., a koji su 2021. godine upisani na UNESCO-ov popis mjesta svjetske baštine u Europi.
Ovi fresko-ciklusi, premda djelo različitih umjetnika za različite vrste pokrovitelja i unutar zgrada različitih funkcija, ipak odražavaju jedinstvo stila i sadržaja. Pored Giottovog ciklusa fresaka kapele Scrovegni, za koji se smatra da je označio početak revolucionarnog razvoja u povijesti zidnog slikarstva, tu su i drugi ciklusi fresaka različitih umjetnika kao što su: Guariento di Arpo, Giusto de' Menabuoi, Altichiero da Zevio, Jacopo Avanzi i Jacopo da Verona. One ilustriraju kako se tijekom stoljeća umjetnost freskoslikarstva razvijala uz novi kreativni poticaj i razumijevanje prostornog prikaza, što je naposljetku dovelo do pojave rane renesanse u Italiji.

Popis lokaliteta

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Residences of the Royal House of Savoy video

Svjetska baština u Italiji
Gotičke slike
Padova


Democracy Now () was a political movement which emerged in East Germany at the time of German reunification, which it helped significantly to shape.  It was officially founded on 12 September 1989 and merged with sections of the Neue Forum ("New Forum") and the Initiative Frieden und Menschenrechte ("Initiative for Peace and Human Rights") to form Bündnis 90 ("Alliance 90") in 1991.

Historical background
Democracy Now had its roots in a working party of St. Bartholomew's Evangelical Church () in Berlin called Initiative für Absage an Praxis und Prinzip der Abgrenzung ("Initiative for the Repudiation of the Practice and Principle of Separation").  In April 1987, the Initiative made an application to the synod of Protestant Churches in Berlin-Brandenburg to pronounce a repudiation of the practice and principle of separation and, at the same time, to make the case for a series of political demands, such as freedom to travel.  In its wording, this recalled a 1983 pronouncement of the Federation of Protestant Churches in the German Democratic Republic calling for peace and the "repudiation of the spirit, logic and practice of deterrence". After the synod had presented the application, initially at two of its committees and then for discussion among its congregations, the working party called for discussion of the issue among all East German Christians. Seminars on the issue were subsequently held.  Both synods of the Federation of Protestant Churches in the German Democratic Republic held in September 1987 and September 1988 addressed the issue of societal separation.  On 13 August 1989, the 28th anniversary of the construction of the Berlin Wall, an event was held in the Confessional Church (Bekenntniskirche) in the former Berlin borough of Treptow, in which a member of the working party, Hans-Jürgen Fischbeck, demanded the creation of an opposition, coalition movement in favour of democratic reform in East Germany.

Founding proclamation
On 12 September 1989, the founding proclamation of Democracy Now, Aufruf zur Einmischung in eigener Sache ("Appeal for Personal Intervention"), was signed by 12 members of the Berlin working party.  The proclamation began with the sentence, "Our country is living in a state of internal strife", and went on to describe the situation in East Germany in several paragraphs. The founding of the people's movement "Democracy Now" was called for,  At a meeting of representatives in early 1990, a manifesto was to be decided, and a list of candidates for the next Volkskammer ("People's Chamber") elections was to be sought.

"Theses for democratic transformation in East Germany" were attached to the proclamation and these made a number of concrete, political demands for the democratisation of the state and economy, the decoupling of state and society, as well as ecological transformation.  The reunification of Germany was also listed as an objective: "We invite Germans in the Federal Republic to work towards a transformation of their society, such that it will enable a new unity among the German People within the community of Europe. For the sake of unity, both German states should reform themselves."

History
At the end of October 1989, Democracy Now started a petition to change Article 1 of the national constitution, which enshrined the leadership claim of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).  In November, Democracy Now circulated its proposal for a "four-sided table" which would include representatives of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the Democratic Bloc, and members of the church and citizens' rights movements. In December, this proposal was realised in the form of the Central Round Table.  Two representatives of Democracy Now sat at the Round Table, which met from December onwards.

At the Volkskammer Elections in 1990, Democracy Now formed an electoral alliance with the Neue Forum and Initiative Frieden und Menschenrechte, receiving 2.9% of the vote and obtaining 12 of the 400 seats. Together with the eight elected representatives of the East German Green Party, they formed the Bündnis 90/Grüne faction.  Democracy Now stood for an eco-social market economy, for the rule of law and for the reunification of German in three phases (rapprochement, confederation, federation).

On 21 September 1991 in Potsdam, Democracy Now, sections of the Neue Forum, and Initiative Frieden und Menschenrechte formed Bündnis 90 as a political party, going on to merge with the Greens in May 1993.  The state association "Bündnis 90/Die Grünen in Sachsen" was formed in Saxony in September 1991.

Prominent members

External links
 Democracy Now from chronik der wende

Defunct socialist parties in Germany
Organizations of the Revolutions of 1989
Political parties in East Germany
Political parties established in 1989
Political parties disestablished in 1991
1989 establishments in East Germany
1991 disestablishments in Germany
Peaceful Revolution

Democracy Now (East Germany)


An Eria dulitensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Cedric Errol Carr. An Eria dulitensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eria

Eria dulitensis


Stoffel Vandoorne (født d. 26. marts 1992) er en belgisk racerkører, som kører for Formel E-holdet Mercedes-EQ Formula E Team. Han er også testkører for Formel 1-holdet Mercedes GP.

Karriere

Tidlige karriere

Gokarts
Vandoorne begyndte i 1998, som 6-årig, at køre gokart i hjembyen Kortrijk.

Formel Renault
I 2010 skiftede han til formelbiler, da han debuterede i det franske F4 mesterskab for Renault-biler. Med fem sejre i 14 løb, vandt Vandoorne det samlede mesterskab.

Han flyttede i 2011 herefter til Eurocup Formel Renault 2.0. Han imponerede i sin debutsæson, hvor han sluttede på femtepladsen. I hans anden sæson vandt han mesterskabet i en intens kamp imod Daniil Kvjat.

Han rykkede i 2013 op i Formula Renault 3.5 serien, og sluttede i sæsonen på andenpladsen, kun efter Kevin Magnussen.

GP2
Vandoorne skiftede i 2014 til GP2 Series, og fortsatte med at imponere, da han i sin debutsæson sluttede på andenpladsen, kun bag mesterskabvinderen Jolyon Palmer. Mesterskabet ville også komme i 2015, hvor han suverænt var bedst, og vandt mesterskabet med mere end 100-point ned til andenpladsen, i hvad der var det dominant mesterskab i seriens historie målt på antal sejrer, podium og distance til andenpladsen.

Super Formula
Vandoorne deltog i Super Formula-serien i 2016, hvor han sluttede som fjerdeplads.

Formel 1

Reservekører
Vandoorne blev i 2013 tilknyttet McLarens talentprogram. Et år senere i  blev han teamets test- og reservekører. Han mistede dog denne plads til Kevin Magnussen for  sæsonen, men efter Magnussen forlod McLaren efter 2015, blev Stoffel Vandoorne fra 2016-sæsonen igen teamets reservekører.

Vandoorne fik sin debut i et Grand Prix, da han ved Bahrains Grand Prix afløste for Fernando Alonso, der endnu ikke var blevet klar efter et alvorligt uheld ved Australiens Grand Prix i Melbourne to uger før. Vandoorne endte kvalifikationen med 12. bedste tid, to placeringer bedre end teamkammerat Jenson Button. Han sluttede Grand Prixet på løbets 10. plads, umiddelbart foran Kevin Magnussen, og fik ét point til VM-stillingen. Button udgik efter seks omgange.

2017 sæsonen
Det blev i september 2016 annonceret at Jenson Button ville forlade McLaren ved 2016-sæsonens udgang, og at Vandoorne dermed ville overtage det ene Formel 1-sæde ved siden af Fernando Alonso. Han sluttede sæsonen på sekstenpladsen med 13 point, bag ved Alonsos 17, i hvad var en meget dårlig sæson efter McLarens høje standarder.

2018 sæsonen
2018 var ikke meget bedre for hverken Vandoorne eller McLaren. Han sluttede igen på sekstenpladsen, denne gang med 12 point.

Det blev i september 2018 annonceret at han ikke ville blive i Formel 1, da han mistede sin plads hos McLaren.

Reservekører
Vandoorne har stadig været involveret i Formel 1 siden, da han har ageret som simulator- og reservekører for både McLaren og Mercedes siden 2019.

Formel E
Vandoorne skiftede i 2018-19 sæsonen til Formel E. Hans første år var ikke fantastisk, da han endte på syttendepladsen, men efter at have skiftet til Mercedes EQ i 2019, var der fremskridt. Han sluttede den corona-ramte 2019-20 sæson på andenpladsen, dog en rimelig markant 71 point bag mesterskabsvinderen António Félix da Costa.

Han måtte dog nøjes med en skuffende niendeplads i 2020-21 sæsonen, et resultat som blev gjort værre af at hans holdkammerat Nyck de Vries vandt mesterskabet. Det lykkedes dog for Vandoorne i 2021-22 sæsonen, hvor at han vandt mesterskabet.

World Endurane Championship
Vandoorne kørte i 2018-19 sæsonen to løb i World Endurance Championship. Det ene ræs var 24 Timers Le Mans, hvor at Vandoorne og hans holdkammerater sluttede på tredjepladsen.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

 Stoffel Vandoornes officielle hjemmeside

Formel 1-kørere fra Belgien
Personer fra Kortrijk

Formel 1-kørere fra Belgien
Formel E-kørere fra Belgien
Personer fra Kortrijk

Stoffel Vandoorne


Brookesia tedi est une espèce de reptiles de la famille des Chamaeleonidae.

Répartition

L'espèce est endémique du nord-est de Madagascar.

Description

Cette espèce a été assignée au genre Brookesia sur la base de la petite taille de son corps, de sa queue courte, des crêtes sur sa tête et de ses épines sur son dos.

Étymologie
L'épithète spécifique tedi est un hommage à Ted Townsend, en reconnaissance de ses importantes contributions à la phylogénétique et à la systématique des squamates, des caméléons, et du genre Brookesia en particulier.

Publication originale

Références

Liens externes

Saurien (nom scientifique)
Chamaeleonidae
Faune endémique de Madagascar

Brookesia tedi


El titira colinegro oriental (Tityra braziliensis), es una especie –o la subespecie Tityra cayana braziliensis, dependiendo de la clasificación considerada– de ave paseriforme de la familia Tityridae, perteneciente al género Tityra. Es nativa del centro oriental de Sudamérica.

Distribución y hábitat
Se distribuye en el noreste, centro y sur de Brasil (Maranhão, Piauí y Pernambuco hacia el sur hasta Mato Grosso do Sul y norte de Rio Grande do Sul), norte y este de Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz), norte, centro y este de Paraguay (principalmente al este del río Paraguay) y noreste de Argentina (al sur hasta el este de Formosa, este de Chaco y Misiones, probablemente también en Corrientes).

Esta especie es considerada bastante común y ampliamente diseminada en sus hábitats naturales: los bordes del bosque húmedo, bosques secundarios y plantaciones.

Sistemática

Descripción original
La especie T. braziliensis fue descrita por primera vez por el naturalista británico William John Swainson en 1838 bajo el nombre científico Psarius braziliensis; la localidad tipo es: «norte de Brasil».

Etimología
El nombre genérico femenino «Tityra» deriva del latín «tityrus»: el nombre de un rústico pastor de ovejas citado por Virgílio en las Éclogas; en la mitología romana, el nombre «Tityri» era dado a los Sátiros de Pan y Baco que tenían comportamiento ruidoso y agresivo; y el nombre de la especie «braziliensis», se refiere a la localidad tipo, Brasil.

Taxonomía
La presente especie es tratada como una subespecie del titira colinegro (Tityra cayana), pero las clasificaciones Aves del Mundo y Birdlife International la consideran como una especie separada con base en diferencias morfológicas, a pesar de las vocalizaciones ser aparentemente similares, y en la existencia de una extensa zona de hibridación que se extiende desde el noreste de Brasil (Piauí) hacia el suroeste a través de Mato Grosso hasta Bolivia. Sin embargo, esto no ha sido todavía reconocido por otras clasificaciones. Es monotípica

Las principales diferencias apuntadas por HBW para justificar la separación son: ambos sexos tienen el rojo del pico muy reducido; las partes superiores del macho son más blancas; y en la hembra, la ausencia del escudo negro, y el estriado más pesado y más extenso, con un teñido más pardo en el plumaje subyacente tanto por arriba como por abajo.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Videos, fotos y sonidos de Tityra braziliensis en The Internet Bird Collection.

braziliensis
Aves de América del Sur
Animales descritos en 1838
Taxones descritos por William John Swainson

Tityra braziliensis


An Maxillaria augustae-victoriae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Carl Lehmann ngan Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Maxillaria augustae-victoriae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Maxillaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Maxillaria

Maxillaria augustae-victoriae


L'Indomptable Dragon (兩虎惡鬥, ) est un film dramatique hongkongais réalisé par Lung Chien et sorti en 1974.

Synopsis
Un jeune homme veut découvrir qui a tué son ami Bruce Lee mais il ne va pas plus loin dans sa vengeance car un policier continue de s'opposer à lui. Finalement, ils réalisent qu'ils veulent tous les deux venger Bruce Lee et s'allient pour vaincre un parrain de la drogue en utilisant l'art du kung-fu.

Fiche technique

 Titre :
 Titre original : 兩虎惡鬥 ()
 Réalisation : Lung Chien
 Scénario : Chu Hsiang-Kan
 Photographie : Chen Tangyin

 Pays d'origine : Hong Kong
 Langue originale : mandarin
 Format : couleur
 Genre :
 Durée :
 Dates de sortie :
 Hong Kong :

Distribution
 Kang Chin
 Yasuaki Kurata
 Ping Lu
 Lung Fong
 Chi Ma
 Ai-ling Pai
 Mao Shan
 Chin-Lai Sung

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film hongkongais sorti en 1974
Film d'action hongkongais
Film dramatique hongkongais
Film sur les arts martiaux mixtes
Film en mandarin
Film réalisé par Lung Chien

L'Indomptable Dragon


{{Knattspyrnulið
| Fullt nafn = 	Fussball Club Basel 1893
| Mynd =
| Gælunafn = FCB, RotBlau (Þeir rauðbláu)
| Stytt nafn = FCB
| Stofnað = 15.nóvember 1893
| Leikvöllur = St. Jakob-Park, Basel
| Stærð = 38.512
| Stjórnarformaður =  Bernhard Burgener
| Knattspyrnustjóri =  Ciriaco Sforza
| Deild = Svissneska Úrvalsdeildin
| Tímabil = 2022-23
| Staðsetning = 5. sæti
| pattern_la1 = _basel2021h
| pattern_b1 = _basel2021h
| pattern_ra1 = _basel2021h
| pattern_sh1 = _basel2021h
| pattern_so1 = _3_stripes_blue
| leftarm1 = 0000FF
| body1 = 0000FF
| rightarm1 = 0000FF
| shorts1 = FF0000
| socks1 = FF0000
| pattern_la2 = _basel2021a
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| pattern_sh2 = _adidascondivo20wb
| pattern_so2 = _3_stripes_black
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| pattern_la3 =
| pattern_b3 =
| pattern_ra3 =
| pattern_sh3 =
| pattern_so3 =
| leftarm3 =
| body3 =
| rightarm3 =
| shorts3 =
| socks3 =
}}FC Basel 1893 (Fussball Club Basel 1893),oftast þekkt sem FC Basel eða bara FCB eða Basel er svissneskt
knattspyrnufélag frá Basel. Félagið var stofnað árið 1893.

 Þekktir Leikmenn
 Ottmar Hitzfeld (1971-1975)
 Matias Delgado (2003-2006)
 Christian Giménez (2001-2005)
 Massimo Ceccaroni (1987-2002)
 Oliver Kreuzer (1997-2002)
 Ivan Ergic (2000-2009)
 Mladen Petrić (2004-2007)
 Alexander Frei (1997-1998, 2009-2013)
 Birkir Bjarnason (2015-2017)
 Mohamed Salah (2012-2014)

 Titlar Svissneska Úrvalsdeildin: 201952–53, 1966–67, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1979–80, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17Svissneska Bikarkeppnin: 13'''
932–33, 1946–47, 1962–63, 1966–67, 1974–75, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2018–19

Tengill
 Heimasíða félagsins

Svissnesk knattspyrnufélög
Basel
stofnað 1893

FC Basel


ලයිසොසෝම යනු, ජීර්ණ එන්සයිම අඩංගු සෛල ප්ලාස්ම පටලයේ පවතින පටලයකින් වටවූ තද පැහැති කුඩා ගෝලාකාර දේහ වේ. මේවා ගොල්ජිදේහ මගින් හටගැනේ.

ව්‍යුහය
ඒකක පටලයකින් වටවී ඇත. සෛල ප්ලාස්ම පූරකයේ තද, රවුම් දේහ වේ. ප්‍රෝටියේස්, පෙජටයිඩේස, කාබොහයිඩ්‍රේස්, ලයිපේස්, නියුක්ලියේස්, පොස්පටේස, එස්ටරේස් ආදී ජීර්ණ එන්සයිම පිරී ඇත. රළු අන්ත:ප්ලාස්මීය ජාලිකාවල ඇති රයිබොසෝමවල නිපැයෙන එන්සයිම ගොල්ජි මඩිවලට ඇතුළුවී ක්‍රමයෙන් සාන්ද්‍ර තත්‍වයට පත්වී ගොල්ගි ආශයිකා ලෙස වෙන්වේ. එම ආශයිකා ලයිසොසෝම බවට පත්වේ.

කෘත්‍ය
 ජීර්ණ එන්සයිම ගබඩා කිරීම.
 බහිස්සෛලීය ජීර්ණය
 අන්ත:සෛලීය ජීර්ණය
 භක්‍ෂණය
 ස්වයං භක්‍ෂණය
 ස්වයං ජීර්ණය

ජීව විද්‍යාව
ඉන්ද්‍රිකා

ලයිසොසෝම


Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix is a remix album by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. It was released on May 20, 1997, by Epic Records, and is the second album also released by Jackson's own record label, MJJ Productions. The album is made up of eight remixes from Jackson's ninth studio album,  HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995), and five new songs. Jackson was heavily involved with the production of the new material while the remixes were produced by other artists. Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix incorporates R&B, pop, industrial, hip hop, house, funk and new jack swing. It concerns themes such as drug addiction, sex, relationships and paranoia.

Though Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix received minimal promotion by Jackson's standards, particularly in the United States, the short film Michael Jackson's Ghosts, two singles ("Blood on the Dance Floor" and "Ghosts"), a promotional single, and a music video were issued as promotion.  Although initial sales in the United States were seen as disappointing for Jackson, the album peaked at number one in France, Belgium, Spain, and New Zealand. Michael Jackson's Ghosts, was premiered at the Cannes Film Festival, as part of Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix's promotion. The short film, also considered the official music video for "Ghosts", won the Bob Fosse Award for Best Choreography in a Music Video.

Reviews at the time of Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix were largely mixed, with some critics feeling that Jackson had already explored these musical themes and others criticising what they perceived as weak vocals. Other critics were more favorable, noting the album for its incorporation of genres Jackson previously hadn't explored, justifying the use of previous themes but with "brutal honesty". Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix has sold over six million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling remix album of all time. On October 20, 2000, it was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Production and music

The album was produced while Jackson traveled the globe on his HIStory World Tour, due to how impressed he was by Euro-dance remixes in Munich, some of which were financed by Jackson to be extended in order to be included in the album, and Trinidadian beat-music. Thus, the songs were produced in a variety of countries that included Sweden, Switzerland and Germany. The album is made up of eight remixes of songs from HIStory—"Scream", "Money", "2 Bad", "Stranger in Moscow", "This Time Around", "Earth Song", "You Are Not Alone" and "HIStory"—and five new songs—"Blood on the Dance Floor", "Morphine", "Superfly Sister", "Ghosts" and "Is It Scary".

Jackson was heavily involved in the writing, composition and production of the five new songs, and sang all of the lead vocals. Todd Terry remixed "Stranger in Moscow", Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis remixed "Scream", and The Fugees worked on the new track "Blood on the Dance Floor" and the remix of "2 Bad". Wyclef Jean, a member of The Fugees, told MTV of his involvement in the production, "We did a first remix for Michael, and he wanted us to do another one". The group spoke of their excitement at receiving a phone call from Jackson.

"Morphine" was a particularly dark track which contains an audio clip from The Elephant Man, courtesy of Paramount Pictures. Robert Chausow was a studio violinist working in New York, when he was called on a Sunday morning to travel to the Hit Factory to lay down tracks for an upcoming project. Security at the studio was very tight and Robert had no idea what artist he was playing for. He arrived at the studio which was very dimly lit, sitting with Juliet Hafner, a fellow musician, who happened to know Brad Buxer, longtime producer of Michael Jackson's work. They could both hear Michael Jackson lay down his vocal tracks through the monitor speakers with Brad. After Michael Jackson finished, the musicians were asked to listen to the track a few times and thereafter "Play this. In this part, play eight measures of.....". The two musicians had no clue as to the title of the new track and the experience of playing music in a dark studio was described as surreal. After around an hour to an hour and a half, the musicians were no longer needed. Robert was asked not to talk about the experience until after the project was complete, which was a common request in the studio circuit.<ref name="Book on the Dance Floor">Najar, Brice. Book on the Dance Floor - Let's Make HIStory in the Mix. Independent publishing. p 55.</ref> On this song, Jackson was the sole arranger, doing such to the classical, vocal and orchestral aspects. Jackson also played solo percussion and drums and received joint guitar credit alongside longtime collaborator Slash. Andrae Crouch's choir is also featured on the piece. "Morphine"'s central themes is the drug usage of Demerol. In the track, he sings, "Trust in me/Just in me/Put all your trust in me/You're doin' morphine...Go on babe/Relax/This won't hurt you/Before I put it in/Close your eyes and count to ten/Don't cry/I won't convert you/There's no need to dismay/Close your eyes and drift away".

"Scream Louder" contains elements from "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)", performed by Sly & the Family Stone. "2 Bad" contains a recreation of a melody line of Jackson's 1983 hit "Beat It" as well as a rap by John Forté and guitar solo by Wyclef Jean.

 Packaging, release and promotion
The 23-page album booklet contains the lyrics to "Blood on the Dance Floor", "Stranger in Moscow" and "HIStory". The eight remixes from HIStory are given additional titles such as "Flyte Tyme Remix" and "Tee's In-House Club Mix". The booklet contains many images from the HIStory World Tour and Ghosts film. Towards the end of the booklet, Jackson pays respect to friends such as Elizabeth Taylor and Elton John, his family, employees and fans.

The album was released by Epic Records on May 20, 1997. HIStory on Film, Volume II was released on the same day—a video collection of Jackson's music videos and television performances from the HIStory era of 1995–1997. By Jackson's prior standards, it was not widely promoted upon release. The New York Times described the US promotional effort as "subdued", creating "hardly a sound" and "perplexing to many people in the industry". Jackson's label Epic Records, refuted allegations they were not promoting the album sufficiently in the United States, saying, "We are completely behind the album...Michael is certainly one of our superstars and is treated as such...We just went into this one with our global hats on". The New York Times acknowledged that promotion was stronger internationally, where Jackson had more commercial force and popularity. Jackson effectively no longer needed the US market to have a hit record. By June 1997, only ten percent of sales from Jackson's prior studio album came from within the United States.

The singer released a film titled Ghosts, which he unveiled at the Cannes Film Festival, as part of the album promotion. It was released theatrically in the United States in October 1996; as for the United Kingdom, it debuted at the Odeon Leicester Square in May 1997. The UK event attracted fans, media and business organizations. It was released on cassette in most parts of the world. The film was written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston. The story was based loosely on the events and isolation Jackson felt after he was accused of child sexual abuse in 1993. In the plot, the Maestro—played by Jackson—is nearly chased out of his town by the residents and the mayor—who deliberately looks very similar to Tom Sneddon—because they believe him to be a "freak". The film had similar imagery and themes to that of Thriller. It features many special effects and dance moves choreographed to original music, which Jackson himself authored. The film includes several songs and music videos from the albums HIStory and Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix. Ghosts is over thirty-eight minutes long and previously held the Guinness World Record for the world's longest music video. It won the Bob Fosse Award for Best Choreography in a Music Video.George, p. 48–50Lewis, p. 125–126

The album was also promoted with the singles "Blood on the Dance Floor" and "HIStory/Ghosts" as well as three corresponding music videos. The video for "Blood on the Dance Floor" premiered on Top of the Pops. It centered on Susie seducing Jackson in a courtship dance, before opening a switchblade. The lead single peaked at number one in several countries, including the United Kingdom. The double A-side "HIStory/Ghosts" was promoted with a video for each song. "HIStory" was set in a nightclub, in a futuristic era, and recalled Jackson's filmography. "Ghosts" was a five-minute clip taken from the much longer film Ghosts. The double A-side would become a top five hit in the United Kingdom, but did not chart as highly elsewhere.

 Commercial performance
Initial sales in the United States were seen as disappointing for Jackson. It peaked at number 24 on the US Billboard 200 chart and after four weeks the record had sold 92,000 copies. Despite this, long term sales were stronger, it was certified platinum in May 2000, for shipments of at least a million units. It was certified Gold in Canada for a minimum of 50,000 shipments.

In Europe the record has been certified for shipments of at least two million copies. Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix debuted atop the UK album chart, by July 1997 it had sold 250,000 units in the United Kingdom and 445,000 units in Germany. The album also peaked at number one in France, Belgium, Spain and New Zealand. Since its debut, the album has sold an estimated six million copies worldwide, making it the best selling remix album ever released.

 Critical reception

Jim Farber of New York Daily News labeled the album's theme, "Predatory women, jealous underlings and the evil media continue to obsess him. He's once again playing the victim—the world's most powerless billionaire, it seems—mewling about forces conspiring against his heavenly self." He said of the lead single, "[Jackson] coughs up a series of strangulated mutters and munchkin hiccups in lieu of a vocal, while its chilly, faux-industrial music proves as appealing as a migraine." He continued, "'Ghosts' and 'Is It Scary' boast a few innovative sounds but no real melodies." Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News noted the album focused on "angry tales about a coldhearted 'Superfly Sister' or the back-stabbing women in 'Ghosts' and 'Blood on the Dance Floor'. Three of the five new songs on this remix album...involve mean, psychotic ex-lovers". He observed, "The dark, cryptic 'Morphine' is easily one of the most ambitious songs he's ever recorded. He fuels the song with narcotic industrial funk—lookout Trent Reznor—but then dilutes it by sticking [in] 90 seconds of goopy, string-laden balladry."

Neil Strauss of The New York Times gave the album a positive review, saying the record, "put Mr. Jackson halfway on the road to a very interesting concept album. There is real pain and pathos in these new songs...[he] frets about painkillers, sexual promiscuity and public image. In many of them, Mr. Jackson seems like The Elephant Man, screaming that he is a human being...With beats crashing like metal sheets and synthesizer sounds hissing like pressurized gas, this is industrial funk." He favorably compared Jackson's performance of "Is It Scary" to rock singer Marilyn Manson and noted the lyrics, "If you want to see eccentric oddities, I'll be grotesque before your eyes". Strauss suggested that the predatory woman, "Susie", from the title track, was a metaphor for AIDS. Finally, he described "Morphine" as "chilling... Mr. Jackson sings seductively from the point of view of the drug itself...he intones sweetly".
 Roger Catlin of The Hartford Courant stated, "The most intriguing pairing is 'Ghosts' and 'Is It Scary' in which he asks those who've only read about him in tabloids if he seems monstrous." The Cincinnati Post described the lead single as a "lackluster first release...dated, played-out dance track", but gave the album an overall favorable analysis. The review described "Ghosts" and "Is It Scary" as "classic Jackson paranoia".

Anthony Violenti of The Buffalo News said of the lead single, "[it is] laced with Teddy Riley's new jack swing sound and a pounding techno beat". Violenti added, "'Superfly Sister', 'Ghosts' and 'Is It Scary' are programmed plastic soul that makes you wonder how someone as talented as Jackson can churn out such tracks". He said of "Morphine", "[it] has more synthesized beats and quickly fades into Jackson's current indistinguishable style". Music critic, Adam Gilham was particularly impressed with the musical sequence of the track, noting that Michael Jackson created a "moment of absolute genius". William Ruhlman of AllMusic said of the lead track, "'Blood on the Dance Floor' is an uptempo Jackson song in the increasingly hysterical tradition of 'Billie Jean' and 'Smooth Criminal' with Jackson huffing, puffing, and yelping through some nonsense about a stabbing...over a fairly generic electronic dance track. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, also of AllMusic, had a negative reaction to the record. He said that all five new tracks were, "embarrassingly weak, sounding tired, predictable and, well, bloodless". He described "Blood on the Dance Floor" as a "bleak reworking of 'Jam' and 'Scream'".

Chris Dickinson of St. Louis Post-Dispatch, noted, "'Superfly Sister' comes on like a classic Michael dance track, with Michael and Bryan Loren playing all the instruments...Blood On the Dance Floor [album] is definitely a dance record. It's not Thriller or Bad or even Off the Wall and it's not trying to be." Jae-Ha Kim of Chicago Sun-Times, noted "'Is It Scary' shows a darker side of Jackson than even the tabloids would have you believe...With the hypnotic 'Morphine', he sounds like a seductive cousin of Trent Reznor's." Sonia Murray of The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution gave the album a D grade. She claimed that "'Ghosts' pounds with funk until Jackson's weak vocals come in." She described "Morphine" as an "overblown rock hiss". The Virginian-Pilot gave the album a positive review, also expressing the opinion that "Morphine" sounded "eerily like 'State of Shock'", and continued, "'Scream Louder' a remix of his hit duet with sister Janet, is better than the original only because it takes away the overpowering guitar twangs." The Washington Post described "Superfly Sister" as "sex funk", adding, "'Morphine' apparently told from the drug's point of view and featuring both the Andrae Crouch Singers and an orchestra, alternates between a hard-edged rock and operatic pop."

 Retrospective reception
A Jackson biographer, J. Randy Taraborrelli, gave a retrospective analysis of the album in the biography, The Magic & the Madness. He felt the album "contained...kick-ass dance remixes...Several of the other songs on Blood are also memorable...The collection was not a success in America; it was dismissed by critics and much of his audience, who seemed confused as to whether it was a new release or some kind of hybrid combination of songs". He felt that "Blood on the Dance Floor" was one of Jackson's best songs, but that the US public was more interested in the controversial tabloid stories about his personal life.

William Ruhlman of AllMusic, agreed that part of the blame for a perceived commercial disappointment in the United States could be attributed to the ongoing public interest in the singer's private life. Nonetheless, Ruhlman still felt the album was artistically disappointing. In 2005, J T Griffith, of AllMusic, believed that in hindsight, "Blood on the Dance Floor" was actually a good song. He explained, "[it is] a second-rate mixture of 'Beat It' and 'Thriller' but Jackson's missteps are better than most pop music out there. This track showcases all the artist's trademarks: the ooohing, the grunts, and funky basslines. It is hard to hear 'Blood on the Dance Floor' and not want to moonwalk or dance like a ghoul".

 Track listing

 "Morphine" is retitled "Just Say No" on some licensed editions of the album.
 Both "Is It Scary" and "Ghosts" share certain lyrics.
 The LP version replaces "This Time Around (D.M. Radio Mix)" and "You Are Not Alone (Classic Club Mix)" with "This Time Around (D.M. Mad Club Mix)" (the version on the LP is different from the mix of the same title on the single release of the song) and "You Are Not Alone (Classic Club Edit)", respectively.

 Personnel

"Blood on the Dance Floor"
Written, composed, and produced by Michael Jackson and Teddy Riley
 Engineered by Teddy Riley, Dave Way and Mick Guzauski
 Mixed by Mick Guzauski
 Keyboard, synthesizer, drum programming by Brad Buxer and Teddy Riley

"Morphine" (Originally Titled "Just Say No")
Written by, Composed by, Arranged by, lead and backing vocals, guitar, percussion, drums by Michael Jackson
 Guitar performed by Slash
 Engineered by Keith Cohen, Eddie DeLena, Mick Guzauski and Tim Boyle
 Mixed by Keith Cohen
 Keyboards by Brad Buxer and Keith Cohen
 Percussion by Brad Buxer and Bryan Loren
 Synthesizer, grand piano by Brad Buxer

"Superfly Sister"
Written and produced by Michael Jackson
Composed and arranged by Michael Jackson and Bryan Loren
 Recorded by Richard Cottrell and Dave Way
 Rhythm guitar, soloist (guitar), drum programming,  programmed by, keyboards,  synthesizer by Bryan Loren

"Ghosts"
Written, composed, and produced by Michael Jackson and Teddy Riley
 Engineered by Teddy Riley and Eddie DeLena
 Mixed by Dave Way
 Drum programming by Alex Breuer, Andrew Scheps, Doug Grigsby, Matt Carpenter and Rob Hoffman
 Keyboards, synthesizer by Brad Buxer, Doug Grigsby and Teddy Riley

"Is It Scary"
Written and composed by Michael Jackson, James Harris III and Terry Lewis
 Produced by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, and Michael Jackson
 Arrangement by Michael Jackson, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis
 Vocal arrangement by Michael Jackson
 All instruments performed by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Michael Jackson
 Recorded and mixed by Steve Hodge
 Drum programming by Jeff Taylor
 Piano by Michael Jackson

"Scream Louder (Flyte Tyme Remix)"
Written and composed by James Harris III and Terry Lewis, Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson
 Produced by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson
 Additional production and remix by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis

"2 Bad (Refugee Camp Mix)"
Song and lyrics written by Michael Jackson
Music composed by Bruce Swedien, René Moore and Dallas Austin
 Produced by Michael Jackson, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis
 Remix and guitar by Wyclef Jean
 Additional production by Te-Bass and Pras
 Rap by John Forte
 Bass by Te-Bass
 Mixed and engineered by Warren Riker
 Scratches by Funkmaster Flex

"Stranger in Moscow (Tee's In-House Club Mix)"
Written, composed, and produced by Michael Jackson
 Additional production and remix by Todd Terry
 Engineered by Bill Klatt
 Edited by Matthias Heilbronn

"This Time Around (D.M. Radio Mix)"
Song & lyrics written by Michael Jackson
Music composed by Dallas Austin
 Produced by Dallas Austin and Michael Jackson
 Remix and additional production by David Morales
 Engineered by David Sussman
 Keyboards by Satoshi Tomiie and Joe Moskowitz
 Horns arranged by Paul Sharipo & Company
 Percussion by Steve Thornton

"Earth Song (Hani's Club Experience)"
Written and composed by Michael Jackson
 Produced by Michael Jackson, Bill Bottrell and David Foster
 Remixed and recycled by Hani
 Edited by Vlado Meller and Frank Ceraolo

"You Are Not Alone (Classic Club Mix)"
Written and composed by R. Kelly
 Produced by R. Kelly and Michael Jackson
 Remix by Frankie Knuckles
 Additional production by Frankie Knuckles and Satoshi Tomiie
 Engineered by John Poppo
 Keyboard programming by Terry Burrus

"Money (Fire Island Radio Edit)"
Written, composed, and produced by Michael Jackson
 Remix and additional production by Terry Farley & Pete Heller
 Engineered by Gary Wilkinson

"HIStory (Tony Moran's HIStory Lesson)"
Written and composed by Michael Jackson, James Harris III and Terry Lewis
 Produced by Michael Jackson, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis
 Remix by Tony Moran
 Additional production by Tony Moran and Bob Rosa
 Mixed by Bob Rosa
 Engineered and programming by Tony Coluccio
 Additional programming by Giuseppe D.

Charts

 Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

 See also
 HIStory World Tour
 List of best-selling remix albums worldwide

 Notes

 References
 George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection'' booklet. Sony BMG.

1997 remix albums
Michael Jackson albums
Albums produced by Michael Jackson
Albums produced by Bill Bottrell
Albums produced by Dallas Austin
Albums produced by David Foster
Albums produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Albums produced by R. Kelly
Albums produced by Teddy Riley
Epic Records remix albums


Bulbinella angustifolia, es una especie de planta bulbosa perteneciente a la familia Xanthorrhoeaceae. Es originaria de Nueva Zelanda.

Descripción
Es una planta bulbosa con las flores amarillas y las hojas estrechas como cintas, que crece hasta alcanzar un tamaño de 1 m de altura. Las hojas tienen hasta 45 cm de largo y 1,5 cm de ancho. Las flores florecen en verano.

Distribución y hábitat
Bulbinella angustifolia se encuentra en pastizales, en zonas de alta montaña en la Isla Sur, Nueva Zelanda, donde es el miembro más común del género.

Taxonomía
Bulbinella angustifolia fue descrita por (Cockayne & Laing) L.B.Moore y publicado en  New Zealand Journal of Botany 2: 296, en el año 1964.
Sinonimia
Bulbinella hookeri var. angustifolia Cockayne & Laing

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Bulbinella

Bulbinella angustifolia


Marian Lupu é um político moldavo que foi Presidente do Parlamento da Moldávia entre 2010 e 2013. Nesta posição, ele serviu como Presidente Interino da República de 2010 até 2012.

Biografia
Marian Lupu nasceu dia 20 de junho de 1966 (idade 56 anos) em Bălţi, Moldávia. Sua mãe ensinava francês na Nicolae Testemiţanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy  e, seu pai, Ilie Lupu, era um professor universitário. Até 1983, Lupu estudou na Escola Secundária "Gheorghe Asachi" de Quixinau. Ele estudou Economia na Moldova State University (até 1987) e no Plekhanov Moscow Institute of the National Economy (1987–1991) em Moscovo, onde obteve seu PhD em Economia. Lupu também frequentou estágios no Instituto do Fundo Monetário Internacional em Washington, D.C. (1994) e na Organização Mundial do Comércio em Genebra (1996). Além de falar seu nativo moldavo (romeno), Lupu fala inglês, francês e russo. este casou-se em 1992 e tem dois filhos, Alexandra e Cristian.

Vida política

Marian Lupu foi membro do Komsomol de 1980 a 1988 e membro do Partido Comunista da União Soviética de 1988 a 1991.Em apenas um mês e meio, conseguiu que o Partido Democrata moldavo subisse de um magro resultado de 2,97% em Abril para a porcentagem de 12,6%: quatro vezes mais. Havia aderido ao Partido Comunista em 2004. No ano seguinte foi eleito presidente do Parlamento. Assistiu à repressão dos motins de Abril do lado comunista e tomou a decisão de abandonar as fileiras partidárias dois meses depois, após ser convidado para as funções de chefe do Governo. Aderiu um dia depois ao Partido Democrata e, a meio de Julho, foi nomeado secretário-geral.

Políticos da Moldávia

Marian Lupu


Britiske Jomfruøer deltog ved vinter-OL 2014 i Sotji, som blev afholdt i perioden 7. februar til 23. februar 2014.

Medaljer

Eksterne henvisninger
 OL-resultater på Sports-reference.com

Lande ved vinter-OL 2014
2014

Britiske Jomfruøer ved vinter-OL 2014


بطولة إيه آر تي الودية 2007 دورة ودية تنظمها شبكة ART (الناقل الرسمي للمسابقات السعودية) للأندية السعودية تحضيرا للموسم 2007-2008

حيث لعبت مباريات هذه البطولة في ملعب رادس في العاصمة التونسية تونس

حيث تقيم بعض الأندية السعودية هناك معسكراتها التحضيرية للموسم 2007-2008

الأندية المشاركة
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 الشباب
 الوحدة
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النتائج

جدول المباريات

منافسات كرة قدم ودية

بطولة إيه آر تي الودية 2007


Kemalli, Sungurlu - Çorum ili Sungurlu ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kemalli, Dulkadiroğlu - Kahramanmaraş ili Dulkadiroğlu ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kemalli, Suşehri - Sivas ili Suşehri ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kemalli, Kadışehri - Yozgat ili Kadışehri ilçesine bağlı köy

Kemalli


Sandrine Boëlle (nascida Bachy; 26 de maio de 1961) é uma política francesa dos Republicanos. Ela representa o 14º círculo eleitoral de Paris como deputada desde 2020.

Carreira
Boëlle foi a substituta do deputado Claude Goasguen nas eleições legislativas de 2017. Quando Goasguen faleceu de ataque cardíaco após contrair COVID-19, Boëlle tomou o seu lugar na Assembleia Nacional.

Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1961
Mulheres da França na política
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mulheres)

Sandra Boëlle


Erenler, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Andırın ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya

Andırın ilçesinin güneyinde merkeze 35 km lik uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Andırın'ın mahalleleri

Erenler, Andırın