When All Is Said and Done ist ein Lied der schwedischen Popgruppe ABBA aus dem Jahr 1981. Es erschien erstmals auf dem achten Studioalbum der Gruppe The Visitors und wurde im Dezember 1981 in einigen Ländern als Single ausgekoppelt. Das ebenfalls in den Sessions produzierte Stück Should I Laugh Or Cry wurde als B-Seite verwendet. Die Leadsängerin ist Anni-Frid Lyngstad, in einigen Passagen und im Refrain ist auch Agnetha Fältskog zu hören.

Das Lied handelt wie The Winner Takes It All oder One of Us von einer zerbrochenen Beziehung.

Entstehungsgeschichte
Die ersten Backing Tracks für When All Is Said and Done wurden zwischen 16. und 19. März 1981 eingespielt. Damit ist der Song einer der ersten, der für das Album aufgenommen wurde, wenn er auch im Laufe der folgenden Aufnahme-Sessions mehrmals bearbeitet und abgemischt wurde. Laut dem Textautoren Björn Ulvaeus ist das Lied in gewisser Weise den beiden Gruppenmitgliedern Benny Andersson und Anni-Frid Lyngstad gewidmet, die am 12. Februar 1981 offiziell ihre Trennung bekannt gegeben hatten. Lyngstad konnte daher einige Emotionen in ihre Gesangsdarbietung miteinfließen lassen.

Das Lied wurde am 24. November 1981, kurz vor Veröffentlichung des Albums, auch als "No Hay A Quien Culpar" in Spanisch aufgenommen. Während das Musikvideo für die Originalversion bereits am 29. August 1981 gedreht wurde, fanden jene für die spanische Version wenige Tage nach der Aufnahme, am 27. November 1981 statt. Im Februar 1982 wurde No Hay A Quien Culpar durch ein spanisches Fernseh-Special erstmals der Öffentlichkeit präsentiert, wobei die Sendung in Stockholm aufgezeichnet wurde. Auf CD erschien diese Sprachfassung erst 1994 im Rahmen des ABBA-Box-Sets Thank You for the Music.

Chartplatzierungen
Die Single When All Is Said and Done wurde unter anderem in den USA veröffentlicht, wo sie im Januar 1982 in die Charts einstieg und Platz 27 erreichte. Außerdem erschien das Lied in Australien (# 81), Mexiko (# 29), Costa Rica (# 1) und Polen (# 9) als Single, wo es im Durchschnitt jedoch recht mäßig erfolgreich war.

Literatur
 Carl Magnus Palm: Abba. Story und Songs kompakt. Bosworth Edition, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86543-227-8 (deutsche Übersetzung: Cecilia Senge)
 Carl Magnus Palm: Licht und Schatten. ABBA – Die wahre Geschichte. Bosworth Edition, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-86543-100-4 (deutsche Übersetzung: Helmut Müller)

Weblinks
 When All Is Said and Done – The Lost Hit Single (engl.) Abgerufen am 23. Juli 2018

Einzelnachweise

ABBA-Lied
Popsong
Lied 1981
Lied von Benny Andersson
Lied von Björn Ulvaeus

When All Is Said and Done


"Se Ele Soubesse" é uma canção da dupla sertaneja brasileira Guilherme & Santiago em parceria com a cantora e compositora Marília Mendonça. Parte do álbum Perfume Novo, foi lançada como single em fevereiro de 2023.

Composição
A música é da autoria de Matheus Di Padua e Miguel Di Padua e aborda um contexto do fim de relacionamento escondido, baseado em traição.

Gravação
A canção foi gravada ao vivo em 25 de outubro de 2021, em Goiânia, no bar Tatu Bola. O show ocorreu 11 dias antes da morte de Marília Mendonça, a convidada. Por isso, "Se Ele Soubesse" se tornou a última canção gravada pela cantora em vida. Além de Marília, o projeto Perfume Novo reuniu participações de vários artistas e duplas, como Bruno & Marrone, Rionegro & Solimões e Lauana Prado.

Em novembro de 2022, no aniversário de um ano da morte da cantora, a dupla divulgou um trecho da faixa, e seu lançamento inicial foi programado para janeiro de 2023.

Lançamento e recepção
"Se Ele Soubesse" foi lançada em 3 de fevereiro de 2023 como o single final do álbum Perfume Novo, com música e videoclipes disponibilizados na mesma data.

Singles de 2023
Canções gravadas por Marília Mendonça
Canções gravadas por Guilherme & Santiago
Canções em português
Canções de música sertaneja

Se Ele Soubesse


Das Gesetz über die Regelung der Kohlenwirtschaft (kurz Kohlenwirtschaftsgesetz, manchmal fälschlich als Gesetz über die Sozialisierung der Kohlenwirtschaft oder des Kohlenbergbaus bezeichnet) ist ein Gesetz aus der frühen Phase der Weimarer Republik. Es stellt den Versuch dar, die Kohlewirtschaft als Schlüsselindustrie zu "sozialisieren", d. h. zum Nutzen des gesellschaftlichen Gemeinwohles als Gemeinwirtschaft der staatlichen Lenkung zu unterstellen.

Geschichte

Entstehung

Das Kohlenwirtschaftsgesetz entstand auf Druck der Arbeiterbewegung nach der Novemberrevolution von 1918, d. h. in der Zeit des Umbruch von der Monarchie zur Republik kurz nach Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges.

Im Dezember 1918 beschloss das zentrale Organ der Arbeiterräte, der frisch konstituierte Reichsrätekongress, grundsätzlich die Sozialisierung von Schlüsselindustrien (insbes. den Kohle- und Kalibergbau). In der Folge setzte der von den Arbeiterräten kontrollierte Rat der Volksbeauftragten für die Vorbereitung der Umsetzung eine Expertenkommission, die Kommission zur Vorbereitung der Sozialisierung der Industrie (kurz: Sozialisierungskommission), ein. Diese Kommission erarbeitete bis Mitte Februar 1919 verschiedene Gutachten, Empfehlungen und Gesetzesentwürfe.

In ein Gesetz umgesetzt wurden die Vorschläge der Sozialisierungskommission im März 1919, also nach dem ersten Zusammentreten der verfassungsgebenden Weimarer Nationalversammlung, unter der ersten neuen Regierung, dem Kabinett Scheidemann mit dem Wirtschaftsminister Rudolf Wissell. Neben dem übergeordneten Sozialisierungsgesetz wurden als erste Anwendung zwei Gesetze für die Bergbauindustrie, nämlich den Kohlen- und den Kalisalzbergbau, erlassen.

Da sich die Bildung der im Gesetz vorgesehenen Organe (siehe unten) verzögerte, ergänzte die nächste Regierung, das Kabinett Bauer, das Gesetz im September desselben Jahres 1919 durch Ausführungsbestimmungen.

Änderungen
In der Form von September 1919 blieb das Kohlenwirtschaftsgesetz über die gesamte Dauer der Weimarer Republik, bis zum Beginn des Dritten Reiches im Jahre 1933, unverändert in Kraft.

Nach der Machtergreifung beabsichtigten die Nationalsozialisten, das Kohlenwirtschaftsgesetz anzupassen, um die Kohle als strategisch wichtigen Rohstoff – auch mit Blick auf einen bevorstehenden Krieg – besser in die wirtschaftliche Gesamtstrategie des NS-Regimes einzubinden. Noch 1933 wurde ein erster Entwurf für eine neue Gesetzesfassung unter der Führung von Erich Winnacker, dem Sonderbeauftragten des Reichswirtschaftsministers für Kohlefragen, erarbeitet. Dieser Entwurf wurde jedoch wegen Uneinigkeit zwischen Winnacker und dem neuen Reichswirtschaftsminister Hjalmar Schacht sowie unter den einzelnen Syndikaten (siehe unten) nicht umgesetzt. Stattdessen wurden 1933 nur einige geringfügigen Änderungen (Neuordnung der Stein- und Braunkohlesyndikate) beschlossen.

Auch ein zweiter Versuch einer grundlegenden Neufassung im Jahre 1936/37 und 1940/41 durch Winnackers Nachfolger Heinrich Schlattmann scheiterte am Widerstand der Syndikate. In der weiteren Folge blieb es bei der Erweiterung des Gültigkeitsbereiches des Gesetzes bzw. anderer kohlenwirtschaftlicher Vorschriften auf Grund der Ausweitung des Reichsgebietes:
 nach dem Anschluss von Österreich 1938
 nach der Annektierung des Sudetenlandes 1939
 nach der Besetzung weiterer deutscher Ostgebiete 1940

So blieben die geschaffenen Strukturen mit geringen Änderungen im Dritten Reich (u. a. Bildung weiterer Pflichtgemeinschaften wie der Reichsvereinigung Kohle und der BRABAG) und sogar über das Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges hinaus in ihren Grundsätzen erhalten und wurden erst im Rahmen der Entflechtung der deutschen Montanindustrie durch die Alliierten (insbes. die USA) aufgebrochen.

Inhalte

Zentrale Lenkung
Das Kohlenwirtschaftsgesetz legte fest, dass die deutsche Kohlenwirtschaft unter der Oberaufsicht des Deutschen Reiches in Person des Reichswirtschaftsminister zentral organisiert werden sollte.

Hierfür wurden gemäß §5 die Preise, Preisnachlässe, Lieferbedingungen, die regionale Aufteilung der Absatzmärkte, Löhne und sonstige Arbeitsbedingungen vom Minister auf Basis der Empfehlung des Reichskohlenrates vorgegeben. Dieser Rat sollte gemäß §3 des Gesetzes ein Selbstverwaltungsorgan der Kohlewirtschaft darstellen; er war gemischt besetzt mit Vertretern von Industrie und Arbeitnehmern sowie aus verschiedenen Zweigen der Kohleindustrie und der Kunden.

Die Unternehmen der Kohlewirtschaft blieben im Privatbesitz, mussten aber gemäß § 2 des Gesetzes "Verbände" (Syndikate, Kartelle) bilden (siehe unten). Die Kohlensyndikaten waren wiederum im Reichskohlenverband zusammengeschlossen, der als reiner Industrieverband dem Reichskohlenrat gegenüberstand.

Syndikate
In Anwendung von §1 des Gesetzes wurden nach §3 der Ausführungsbestimmungen sieben Syndikate für Steinkohle, drei Syndikate für Braunkohle, ein regionales Syndikat für Bayerische Braun-, Stein- und Pechkohle sowie ein nationales Syndikat für Gaskoks gebildet:

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Anmerkungen

Rechtsquelle (Weimarer Republik)
Rechtsquelle (20. Jahrhundert)
Wirtschaft (Weimarer Republik)
Geschichte des Kohlebergbaus (Deutschland)
Wirtschaftsrecht (Deutsches Reich, 1933–1945)
Politik 1919

Kohlenwirtschaftsgesetz


An Chimonobambusa grandifolia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Chi Ju Hsueh ngan W.P.Zhang. An Chimonobambusa grandifolia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Chimonobambusa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Chimonobambusa

Chimonobambusa grandifolia


The large Deccan Plateau in southern India is located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats, and is loosely defined as the peninsular region between these ranges that is south of the Narmada River. To the north, it is bounded by the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges.

A rocky terrain marked by boulders, its elevation ranges between , with an average of about . It is sloping generally eastward. Thus, its principal rivers—the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri (Cauvery)—flow eastward from the Western Ghats to the Bay of Bengal. The plateau is drier than the coastal region of southern India and is arid in places.

It produced some of the major dynasties in Indian history, including the Pallavas, Satavahana, Vakataka, Chalukya, and Rashtrakuta dynasties, also the Western Chalukya Empire, the Kadambas, the Yadava dynasty, the Kakatiya Empire, the Musunuri Nayakas regime, the Vijayanagara and the Maratha empires, as well as the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate, Deccan Sultanates, and the Nizam of Hyderabad.

Etymology

The word Deccan is an anglicized version of the Prakrit word , which is used in other languages of the Deccan including Kannada, Telugu, Marathi, and Dakhni. It has etymological roots in the Sanskrit dakṣiṇa which evolved into the later Prakrit one.

Extent
Geographers have variously defined the Deccan region using indices such as rainfall, vegetation, soil type, or physical features. According to one geographical definition, it is the peninsular tableland lying to the south of the Tropic of Cancer. Its outer boundary is marked by the 300 m contour line, with Vindhya-Kaimur watersheds in the north. This area can be subdivided into two major geologic-physiographic regions: an igneous rock plateau with fertile black soil, and a gneiss peneplain with infertile red soil, interrupted by several hills.

Historians have defined the term Deccan differently. These definitions range from a narrow one by R. G. Bhandarkar (1920), who defines Deccan as the Marathi speaking area lying between the Godavari and Krishna rivers, to a broad one by K. M. Panikkar (1969), who defines it as the entire Indian peninsula to the south of the Vindhyas. Firishta (16th century) defined Deccan as the territory inhabited by the native speakers of Kannada, Marathi, and Telugu languages. Richard M. Eaton (2005) settles on this linguistic definition for a discussion of the region's geopolitical history.

Stewart N. Gordon (1998) notes that historically, the term "Deccan" and the northern border of Deccan has varied from Tapti River in the north to Godavari River in the south, depending on the southern boundary of the northern empires. Therefore, while discussing the history of the Marathas, Gordon uses Deccan as a "relational term", defining it as "the area beyond the southern border of a northern-based kingdom" of India.

Geography

The Deccan plateau is a topographically variegated region located south of the Gangetic plains -the portion lying between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal- and includes a substantial area to the north of the Satpura Range, which has popularly been regarded as the divide between northern India and the Deccan. The plateau is bounded on the east and west by the Ghats, while its northern extremity is the Vindhya Range. The Deccan's average elevation is about , sloping generally eastward; its principal rivers, the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri, flow from the Western Ghats eastward to the Bay of Bengal. Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu is often regarded as the Southern gateway of the Deccan plateau.

The Western Ghats mountain range is very massive and blocks the moisture from the southwest monsoon from reaching the Deccan Plateau, so the region receives very little rainfall. The eastern Deccan Plateau is at a lower elevation spanning the southeastern coast of India. Its forests are also relatively dry but serve to retain the rain to form streams that feed into rivers that flow into basins and then into the Bay of Bengal.

Most Deccan plateau rivers flow south. Most of the northern part of the plateau is drained by the Godavari River and its tributaries, including the Indravati River, starting from the Western Ghats and flowing east towards the Bay of Bengal. Most of the central plateau is drained by the Tungabhadra River, Krishna River and its tributaries, including the Bhima River, which also run east. The southernmost part of the plateau is drained by the Kaveri River, which rises in the Western Ghats of Karnataka and bends south to break through the Nilgiri Hills at the island town of Shivanasamudra and then falls into Tamil Nadu at Hogenakal Falls before flowing into the Stanley Reservoir and the Mettur Dam that created the reservoir, and finally emptying into the Bay of Bengal.

On the western edge of the plateau lie the Sahyadri, the Nilgiri, the Anaimalai and the Elamalai Hills, commonly known as Western Ghats. The average height of the Western Ghats, which run along the Arabian Sea, goes on increasing towards the south. Anaimudi Peak in Kerala, with a height of 2,695 m above sea level, is the highest peak of peninsular India. In the Nilgiris lie Ootacamund, the well-known hill station of southern India. The western coastal plain is uneven and swift rivers flow through it that form beautiful lagoons and backwaters, examples of which can be found in the state of Kerala. The east coast is wide with deltas formed by the rivers Godavari, Mahanadi and Kaveri. Flanking the Indian peninsula on the western side are the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea and on the eastern side lie the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal.

The eastern and southeastern Deccan plateau regions which include Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh, majority of Bengaluru division, Part of Tamilnadu and Telangana, is made of vast sheets of massive granite rock, which effectively traps rainwater. Under the thin surface layer of soil is the impervious gray granite bedrock. It rains here only during some months.

The plateau is drained by the Godavari River taking a southeasterly course; by the Krishna River, which divides the peneplain into two regions; and by the Pennai Aaru River flowing in a northerly direction. The plateau's forests are moist deciduous, dry deciduous, and tropical thorn.

Most of the population of the region is engaged in agriculture; cereals, oilseeds, cotton, and pulses (legumes) are the major crops. There are multipurpose irrigation and hydroelectric-power projects, including the Pochampad, Bhaira Vanitippa, and Upper Pennai Aaru. Well known Industries are cotton textiles, sugar, foodstuffs, tobacco, paper, machine tools, and pharmaceuticals. Cottage industries are forest-based (timber, firewood, charcoal, bamboo products) and mineral-based (asbestos, coal, chromite, iron ore, mica, and kyanite).

Having once constituted a segment of the ancient continent of Gondwanaland, this land is the oldest and most stable in India. The Deccan plateau consists of dry tropical forests that experience only seasonal rainfall.

The large cities in the Deccan are Bengaluru, Mysuru, Tirupati, Pune, Nagpur, Nashik and Hyderabad. Other major cities include Hubli, Belagavi, Kalaburagi, Bidar, Hampi and Bellary in Karnataka; Aurangabad, Solapur, Osmanabad, Amravati, Kolhapur, Akola, Latur, Sangli, Jalgaon, Nanded, Dhule, Chandrapur and Satara in Maharashtra; Hosur, Krishnagiri, Tiruvannamalai, Vellore and Ambur in Tamil Nadu; Amaravati, Visakhapatnam, Kurnool,Vijayawada, Guntur, Anantapur, Kadiri, Kadapa, Puttaparthi, Chittoor, Madanapalle, Kuppam in Andhra Pradesh;  Warangal, Karimnagar, Ramagundam, Nizamabad, Suryapet, Siddipet, Nalgonda, Mahbubnagar in present-day Telangana; Jagdalpur, Kirandul, Dantewada in Chhattisgarh and Jeypore, Koraput, Bhawanipatna in Odisha in the Northeastern part of the Deccan Plateau.

Climate
The climate of the region varies from semi-arid in the north to tropical in most of the region with distinct wet and dry seasons. Rayalaseema and Vidarbha are the driest regions. Rain falls during the monsoon season from about June to October. March to June can be very dry and hot, with temperatures regularly exceeding 35 °C.

The plateau's climate is drier than that on the coasts and is arid in places. Although sometimes used to mean all of India south of the Narmada River, the word Deccan relates more specifically to that area of rich volcanic soils and lava-covered plateaus in the northern part of the peninsula between the Narmada and Krishna rivers.

Deccan Traps

The northwestern part of the Deccan Plateau, a Precambrian shield, is partially covered by the Deccan Traps ("Deccan steps"), a large igneous province made up of a series of flood basalt lava flows. This rocky material covers the whole of Maharashtra, thereby making it one of the largest Volcanic Provinces in the world. It consists of more than  of basalt lava flows and covers an area of nearly  in west-central India. Estimates of the original area covered by the lava flows are as high as . The volume of basalt is estimated to be 511,000 km3. The deep, dark, silty soil found here is suitable for cotton cultivation.

Geology
Typically, the Deccan Plateau is made up of basalt, an extrusive igneous rock, extending up to Bhor Ghat near Karjat. Also, in certain sections of the region we can find granite, which is an intrusive igneous rock.

The difference between these two rock types is that basalt rock forms on eruption of lava, that is, on the surface (either out of a volcano, or through massive fissures—as in the Deccan basalts—in the ground), while granite forms deep within the Earth. Granite is a felsic rock, meaning it is rich in potassium feldspar and quartz. This composition is continental in origin (meaning it is the primary composition of the continental crust). Since it cooled relatively slowly, it has large visible crystals.

Basalt, on the other hand, is mafic in composition—meaning it is rich in pyroxene and, in some cases, olivine, both of which are Mg-Fe rich minerals. Basalt is similar in composition to mantle rocks, indicating that it came from the mantle and did not mix with continental rocks. Basalt forms in areas that are spreading, whereas granite forms mostly in areas that are colliding. Since both rocks are found in the Deccan Plateau, it indicates two different environments of formation.

The volcanic basalt beds of the Deccan were laid down in the massive Deccan Traps eruption, which occurred towards the end of the Cretaceous period between 67 and 66 million years ago. Some paleontologists speculate that this eruption may have been one of the causes of the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. Layer after layer was formed by the volcanic activity that lasted many thousands of years, and when the volcanoes became extinct, they left a region of highlands with typically vast stretches of flat areas on top like a table. The volcanic hotspot that produced the Deccan traps is hypothesized to lie under the present-day island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean.

The Deccan is rich in minerals. Primary mineral ores found in this region are mica and iron ore in the Chhota Nagpur region, and diamonds, gold and other metals in the Kollur region and Kolar Gold Fields.

Fauna
The large areas of remaining forest on the plateau are still home to a variety of grazing animals from the four-horned antelope (tetracerus quadricornis), chinkara (Gazella bennettii), and blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) to the gaur (Bos gaurus; /ɡaʊər/) and wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee).

People

The Deccan is home to many languages and people. Bhil and Gond people live in the hills along the northern and northeastern edges of the plateau and speak various languages that belong to both the Indo-Aryan and Dravidian families of languages. Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language, is the main language of the north-western Deccan in the state of Maharashtra. Speakers of the Dravidian languages Telugu and Kannada, the predominant languages of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka respectively, occupy those states' portions of the plateau. The city of Hyderabad is an important center of the Urdu language in the Deccan; its surrounding areas also host a notable population of Urdu speakers. The Urdu dialect spoken in this region is also known as Dakhini or as Deccani, named after the region, itself. Tamil is spoken in the southernmost parts of the Deccan, in the areas occupied by the state of Tamil Nadu. Northeastern parts of the Deccan are in the state of Odisha. Odia, another Indo-Aryan language, is spoken in this part of Deccan.

The chief crop is cotton; also common are sugarcane, rice, and other crops.

History

The Deccan produced some of the most significant dynasties in Indian history, such as the Vijayanagara Empire, the Rashtrakuta dynasty, the Chola dynasty, the Thagadur dynasty, Adhiyamans Pallavas, the Tondaiman, Satavahana dynasty, Vakataka dynasty, Kadamba dynasty, Chalukya dynasty, Yadava dynasty, Kakatiya Dynasty, Western Chalukya Empire and Maratha Empire, Mysore Kingdom.

Of the early history, the main facts established are the growth of the Maurya Empire (300 BCE) and after that the Deccan was ruled by the Satavahana dynasty, which protected the Deccan against the Scythian invaders, the Western Satraps. Prominent dynasties of this time include the Cholas (3rd century BCE to 12th century CE), Chalukyas (6th to 12th centuries), Rashtrakutas (753–982), Yadavas (9th to 14th centuries), Hoysalas (10th to 14th centuries), Kakatiya (1083 to 1323 CE) and Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646).

Ahir Kings once ruled over the Deccan. A cave inscription at Nasik refers to the reign of an Abhira prince named Ishwarsena, son of Shivadatta. After the collapse of the Satavahana dynasty, the Deccan was ruled by the Vakataka dynasty from the third century to fifth century.

From the sixth to eighth century the Deccan was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty which produced great rulers such as Pulakesi II, who defeated the north India Emperor Harsha, and Vikramaditya II, whose general defeated the Arab invaders in the eighth century.

From the eighth to tenth century the Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled this region. It led successful military campaigns into northern India and was described by Arab scholars as one of the four great empires of the world.

In the tenth century the Western Chalukya Empire, which produced scholars such as the social reformer Basavanna, Vijñāneśvara, the mathematician Bhāskara II, and Someshwara III, who wrote the text Manasollasa, was established.

From the early 11th century to the 12th century the Deccan Plateau was dominated by the Western Chalukya Empire and the Chola dynasty. Several battles were fought between the Western Chalukya Empire and the Chola dynasty in the Deccan Plateau during the reigns of Raja Raja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Jayasimha II, Someshvara I and Vikramaditya VI and Kulottunga I.

In 1294, Alauddin Khalji, emperor of Delhi, invaded the Deccan, stormed Devagiri, and reduced the Yadava rajas of Maharashtra to the position of tributary princes (see Daulatabad), then proceeded southward to conquer the Orugallu, Carnatic. In 1307, a fresh series of incursions led by Malik Kafur began in response to unpaid tributes, resulting in the final ruin of the Yadava clan; and in 1338 the conquest of the Deccan was completed by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq.

The imperial hegemony was brief, as soon the earlier kingdoms reverted to their former masters. These defections by the states were soon followed by a general revolt of the foreign governors, resulting in the establishment in 1347 of the independent Bahmani dynasty. The power of the Delhi sultanate evaporated south of the Narmada River. The southern Deccan came under the rule of the famous Vijayanagara Empire, which reached its zenith during the reign of Emperor Krishnadevaraya.

Vijayanagara Empire jostled for control over the key regions in the Deccan as territories were regularly fought out for against the Bahmani Sultanate. Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire defeated the last remnant of Bahmani Sultanate power after which the Bahmani Sultanate collapsed. When the Bahmani empire dissolved in 1518, its dominions were distributed into the five Muslim states of Golkonda, Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Bidar and Berar, giving rise to the Deccan sultanates.

South of these, the Hindu state of Carnatic or Vijayanagar still survived; but this, too, was defeated, at the Battle of Talikota (1565) by a league of the Muslim powers. Berar had already been annexed by Ahmednagar in 1572, and Bidar was absorbed by Bijapur in 1619. Mughal interest in the Deccan also rose at this time. Partially incorporated into the Empire in 1598, Ahmadnagar was fully annexed in 1636; Bijapur in 1686, and Golkonda in 1687.

In 1645, Shivaji laid the foundation of the Maratha Empire. The Marathas under Shivaji directly challenged the Bijapur Sultanate and ultimately the mighty Mughal empire. Once the Bijapur Sultanate stopped being a threat to the Maratha Empire, Marathas became much more aggressive and began to frequently raid Mughal territory. These raids, however, angered the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and by 1680 he moved his capital from Delhi to Aurangabad in Deccan to conquer Maratha-held territories. After Shivaji died, his son Sambhaji defended the Maratha empire from the Mughal onslaught but was captured by the Mughals and executed. By 1698 the last Maratha stronghold at Jinji fell and Mughals then controlled all Maratha held territories.

In 1707, Emperor Aurangzeb died at the age of 89, which allowed the Marathas to reacquire lost territories and establish authority in much of modern Maharashtra. After the death of Chhatrapati Shahu, the Peshwas became the de facto leaders of the Empire from 1749 to 1761, while Shivaji's successors continued as nominal rulers from their base in Satara. The Marathas kept the British at bay during the 18th century.

By 1760, with the defeat of the Nizam in the Deccan, Maratha power had reached its zenith. However, dissension between the Peshwa and their sardars (army commanders) saw a gradual downfall of the empire leading to its eventual annexation by the British East India Company in 1818 after the three Anglo-Maratha wars.

A few years later, Aurangzeb's viceroy in Ahmednagar, Nizam-ul-Mulk, established the seat of an independent government at Hyderabad in 1724. Mysore was ruled by Hyder Ali. During the contests for power which ensued from about the middle of the 18th century between the powers on the plateau, the French and British took opposite sides. After a brief series of victories, the interests of France declined, and a new empire in India was established by the British. Mysore formed one of their earliest conquests in the Deccan. Tanjore and the Carnatic were soon annexed to their dominions, followed by the Peshwa territories in 1818.

In British India, the plateau was largely divided between the presidencies of Bombay and Madras. The two largest native states at that time were Hyderabad and Mysore; many smaller states existed at the time, including Kolhapur, and Sawantwari.

After independence in 1947, almost all native states were incorporated into the Republic of India. The Indian Army annexed Hyderabad in Operation Polo in 1948 when it refused to join. In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act reorganized states along linguistic lines, leading to the states currently found on the plateau.

Economy
The Deccan plateau is very rich in minerals and precious stones. The plateau's mineral wealth led many lowland rulers, including those of the Mauryan (4th–2nd century BCE) and Gupta (4th–6th century CE) dynasties, to fight over it. Major minerals found here include coal, iron ore, asbestos, chromite, mica, and kyanite. Since March 2011, large deposits of uranium have been discovered in the Tummalapalle belt and in the Bhima basin at Gogi in Karnataka. The Tummalapalle belt uranium reserve promises to be one of the top 20uranium reserve discoveries of the world.

Low rainfall made farming difficult until the introduction of irrigation. Currently, the area under cultivation is quite low, ranging from 60% in Maharashtra to about 10% in Western Ghats. Except in developed areas of certain river valleys, double-cropping is rare. Rice is the predominant crop in high-rainfall areas and sorghum in low-rainfall areas. Other crops of significance include cotton, tobacco, oilseeds, and sugar cane. Coffee, tea, coconuts, areca, black pepper, rubber, cashew nuts, cassava, and cardamom are widely grown on plantations in the Nilgiri Hills and on the western slopes of the Western Ghats. Cultivation of Jatropha has recently received more attention due to the Jatropha incentives in India.

See also
Central Highlands (India)

References

Bibliography

External links

 Dynasties of Deccan

Deccan Plateau


Diamond Head are an English heavy metal band formed in Stourbridge, West Midlands, in 1976. They were part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement and is acknowledged by bands such as Metallica and Megadeth as a significant early influence.

History

Early history
Brian Tatler formed the band with drummer Duncan Scott while still attending school. In June 1976 they found singer Sean Harris, who was in the same year, and went through three bass players before settling on Collin Kimberley in Feb 1978. The band recorded two self-financed demo tapes in 1979. They were recorded within six hours on a four-track, one of which was sent to Geoff Barton at Sounds. The timing was perfect with the emergence of the new wave of British heavy metal. In 1979/80, Diamond Head were managed by budding local managers Dave Morris and Ian Frazier. Morris put some money into the band and tried to get the band a record deal; Frazier took to driving the band around the UK when on tour. Sean Harris's mother (Linda Harris) persuaded her boss and boyfriend (Reg Fellows) to come and see the band with a view to investing in them. Diamond Head's demos and live reputation gained enough attention for the band to get two support dates with AC/DC and one with Iron Maiden at The Lyceum, London. Although several record companies expressed interest in signing the band, and their managers secured a couple of offers, none were deemed worthy by Fellows and Linda Harris, who were now beginning to advise Sean Harris as he still lived at home with his mother.

A difference of opinions about how to manage Diamond Head followed, which eventually led to Morris and Frazier quitting their role as managers, and the job fell solely to Fellows and Linda Harris. Thus while other new waves of British heavy metal bands were signed to major labels and putting their toe into the US market, Diamond Head remained independent. Guitarist Brian Tatler thinks that their joint managers had unrealistic expectations about the kind of record deal the band should sign, and when no deal lived up to this, Fellows decided that the band should record an album quickly and cheaply at a local 24 track studio, where they had recorded their first single "Shoot Out the Lights"; no money exchanged hands, and the studio owner Muff Murfin - in return for a week of studio time - took 50 percent of the bands publishing for fifteen years. It is believed that tapes were passed onto various labels, but when the debut album, Lightning to the Nations, failed to secure a record deal, management decided that they would release 1000 copies of the album on an independent label (also owned by Muff Murfin) called Happy Face Records.

The album was packaged in a plain sleeve with no title or track listings, and 250 copies were signed by each band member. The management thought that it should be perceived as a 'demo' album, so no fancy sleeve was required, making it very cheap to produce. The first 1000 copies were pressed and made available at concerts and via mail-order for £3.50. The only mail-order advertisement appeared in Sounds and ran for six weeks. The band's management did not pay for the advertisement and ended up being sued.

The original stereo master tapes were lost after they were sent to the German record company, Woolfe Records, who released a vinyl version of the album with a new sleeve. The tapes were not returned until they were eventually tracked down by Lars Ulrich and Phonogram Germany for inclusion on the 1990 compilation album, New Wave of British Heavy Metal '79 Revisited.

In 1980, Pete Winkelman from Wolverhampton got involved and tried to sign Diamond Head to his new label, Media Records. Winkelman had been a record plugger and he advised the band to change management but this advice was not heeded. In the end, Diamond Head only agreed to make one single for Winkelman, a re-recorded version of "Sweet & Innocent" b/w "Streets of Gold", which came out around October 1980.

In January 1981, Diamond Head successfully opened for April Wine on their UK tour. An ambitious UK tour was planned for the summer as a way of being perceived as being more popular than they actually were. An EP called Diamond Lights was recorded quickly in three days to help pay towards the expenses. The management hired a tour bus for band and crew, and an articulated lorry filled with hired PA and lighting. They also hired the Wolverhampton chapter of Hells Angels to perform security duties on the whole tour. They bypassed promoters and booked the venues with a local agent to avoid paying a percentage, but with little promotion for the tour, it lost money.

The only A&R man who was determined to sign the band was Charlie Eyre, who quit his job at A&M and joined MCA in order to sign Diamond Head and Musical Youth. Discussions went on for around six months until the band finally inked a five-album deal on 1 January 1982.

Borrowed Time
First on the agenda was to record and release the Four Cuts EP, which contained two early era songs, "Shoot Out the Lights" and "Dead Reckoning", and the band did a whistle-stop UK tour of the clubs to promote it. A link-up with agent Neil Warnock at The Agency secured Diamond Head a Friday night slot on the Reading Festival bill in 1982, albeit as late and unadvertised replacements for Manowar. Their set was recorded by the BBC and later released in 1992 through Raw Fruit Records as the Friday Rock Show Sessions.

Their first MCA album, Borrowed Time, featured a lavish Rodney Matthews-illustrated gatefold sleeve based on the album's Elric theme and was the most expensive sleeve commissioned by MCA at the time. The album was somewhat successful commercially, climbing to No 24 in the UK Albums Chart. The band were able to perform a full-scale UK tour at premier venues such as London's Hammersmith Odeon.

To support the album, Diamond Head's released their sixth single, "In the Heat of the Night", backed with live versions of "Play It Loud" and "Sweet and Innocent" recorded at the Zig-Zag club, and an interview with DJ Tommy Vance (although the latter was not available on the 12").

Canterbury
Once the two-week UK tour was over, they were told to start writing the next album. The band tried a more experimental sounding follow-up to Borrowed Time, tentatively titled Making Music which was re-named Canterbury in 1983. Using top engineer Mike Shipley at an expensive London studio, called Battery in Willesden, put immense pressure on the band. Scott struggled to adapt to this new level of scrutiny and was fired, after completing just six drum tracks in three weeks. Then once all the bass parts had been recorded, Kimberley also quit Diamond Head. The album now fell to Harris and Tatler to finish causing the former to almost have a nervous breakdown. The initial success of the album was stalled as the first 20,000 copies suffered vinyl pressing problems, causing the LP to jump. It made number 32 in the UK Albums Chart, and it was noted that the album cost more to make but sold less. Diamond Head were invited to open that year's Monsters of Rock Festival and, for the first time, toured Europe as special guests of Black Sabbath. On 1 January 1984, MCA did not pick up the option for a third album.

1984 to 2000
In early 1984, Diamond Head did an 18-date UK tour which lost money. Harris and Tatler continued to write together, and in October/November, Diamond Head re-convened in a purpose-built studio in Stambermill, West Midlands, to record their next album. It was never finished, and the band fell apart in early 1985. Tatler took over the running of the studio called RPK while Harris signed a solo deal with Pete Winkelman's new label I Major Records. This culminated in Harris and Robin George making an expensive album together under the name Notorious. In 1990, Winkelman encouraged Harris to make another Diamond Head record and so put him and Tatler back in touch after a long break. The band did two UK tours, and eventually, Death and Progress was released in June 1993, featuring guest contributions by Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath and Dave Mustaine of Megadeth. However, the reunion was short lived as they were on the verge of splitting up as soon as the record was released. The last gig Diamond Head played was at Milton Keynes Bowl opening for Metallica. Towards the end of 1992, Harris grew dissatisfied with the album and Tatler and wanted to move on. Winkelman tried to broker a deal with RCA records for a 'new' band that would feature a new line-up. They performed one gig in Northampton under the name Magnetic AKA, but a deal failed to materialize, and it all fell apart.

2000s
In 2000, Harris and Tatler reunited to perform some acoustic, un-plugged type gigs in the UK. They reworked the old songs and began recording a four track acoustic EP, although this ended up taking two years, and by the time it came out on the band's own label, the acoustic phase was over. They accepted an offer to play the Metal Meltdown Festival in New Jersey on 5 April 2002 (Diamond Head's first US show). An electric band was put together, and a 14 date UK tour was booked for August 2002. A new Diamond Head album was planned, and Mad Hat Studio in Wolverhampton was booked along with producer Andy Scarth. About halfway through the recording, Harris announced that he wanted to change the name of the band to 'Host'. This did not go down well with everyone, and when in 2003 Harris failed to get a deal for the album (which had cost around £16,000), things went quiet. Later that year, Diamond Head and Harris finally went their separate ways.

Nick Tart era

Nick Tart (from Cannock) was asked to join Diamond Head in 2004, the band wrote and recorded the All Will Be Revealed,album and released it in 2005. To promote this album, they completed a 22 date European tour with Megadeth. Brian Tatler commented that this was one of the best experiences of his life, and he regained his enjoyment for playing live with the band again.
Diamond Head headlined a celebration of the 25th anniversary of the NWOBHM at the London Astoria, supported by Witchfynde, Bronz, Praying Mantis, and Jaguar. This concert was later released as a live CD titled It's Electric and also the band's first DVD, To the Devil His Due, in 2006. The band's rhythm guitarist Adrian Mills left the band and was replaced with Andy 'Abbz' Abberley, previously in Cannock band Chase with drummer Karl Wilcox. In 2007 Diamond Head released What's in Your Head? produced by Dave (Shirt) Nichols. In 2008, Nick announced that he and his family were going to emigrate to Brisbane. The band continued to tour but now has the extra expense of flying the singer backward and forwards from Australia. Diamond Head toured the US (twice) plus Japan and Europe, including two dates opening for the Big 4. Nick's last show with Diamond Head was 4 October 2013.

Rasmus Bom Andersen era (2014–present)
After recruiting new vocalist Rasmus Bom Andersen (a Danish-born singer living in London) in 2014, Diamond Head toured the UK and began work on their self-titled album Diamond Head, released in 2016. The band took part in the 70000 Tons of Metal cruise around the Caribbean and toured the US, Canada and Europe. Work began on their eighth studio album, The Coffin Train, in mid-2016, and it was released in May 2019. By this time, Diamond Head had signed to Silver Lining Records and is now managed by Siren Management. The album entered the UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart at number 5, ten places higher than the band's self-titled album. In 2018 Diamond Head did a UK and European tour and then opened for Black Star Riders across Europe in 2019.

On 1 September 2022 in an interview with TotalRock, guitarist Brian Tatler talked about an upcoming follow-up to their previous 2019 release. "We haven't had the chance to record the drums yet, but as soon as we can, that's the next thing. We've pretty much got the material ready to go as demos. We've done rehearsals where we record the rehearsals and we've done home demos and things. But the next step will be get in the studio and get the drums down and then we can build on top of the drums." Work had been delayed on the forthcoming record due in part to Tatler replacing Saxon guitarist Paul Quinn on touring duties in October and November in 2023, but production would likely start in January 2024.

Influences
Diamond Head have cited their early inspirations as classic 1970s British rock bands such as Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, UFO, Black Sabbath, Judas Priest, and Free, Brian Tatler relating that the first albums he bought were Led Zeppelin's Led Zeppelin II and Deep Purple's Machine Head, and said that although a lot of his guitar work was inspired by Ritchie Blackmore and Michael Schenker, it was punk rock that showed him that anyone could form a band. Colin Kimberley commented Diamond Head got their complex sound from listening to bands like Black Sabbath and Rush and realising that a song with a single riff throughout was not interesting enough.

In a recent interview, Tatler stated that he now tries not to be influenced by modern bands and keep his sound, although he imagines that "little bits creep into the writing process."

The Canadian new wave band Men Without Hats' 1991 album Sideways features a track called "Life After Diamond Head", a reference to the band.

Lack of commercial success
Many reasons have been cited why Diamond Head never achieved significant commercial success, focused mainly on their change in musical direction with Canterbury and their delay in obtaining a record deal. Once they did sign to a major label, MCA proved to be the wrong label, forcing the band to sound more commercial. Also, while successful bands like Iron Maiden and Def Leppard were managed by established music management, Diamond Head were managed by Reg Fellows and the lead singer's mother, neither of whom had managed a band before. In addition, though many of their NWOBHM brethren toured the United States in the 1980s, Diamond Head did not set foot on US soil until 2002, performing one show at Metal Meltdown IV, New Jersey.

Influence on Metallica

American heavy metal band Metallica have covered the likes of "Sucking My Love", "Am I Evil?" and "The Prince" during their initial performances. The Metal Up Your Ass live demo, recorded in November 1982, featured a live rendition of "Am I Evil?". "Sucking My Love" exists on various bootlegs that have been circulating since 1982, along with a recording on the early demo No Life Til Leather.

Metallica's first official studio release of "Am I Evil?" came in 1984 as part of the Creeping Death 12-inch single paired with another NWOBHM classic "Blitzkrieg", by the band of the same name. The two songs were also included in the first pressing of the Kill 'Em All LP when it was re-released by Elektra Records. A cover of "Helpless" was featured The $5.98 E.P. - Garage Days Re-Revisited in 1987 and "The Prince" was included as a B-side to the "One" single. The official recordings of "Am I Evil?", "Helpless" and "The Prince" would also be featured on Metallica's two-CD Garage Inc. compilation in 1998, a collection of numerous cover songs that the band had played over the years. The first CD in the set was newly recorded covers, one of which was Diamond Head's "It's Electric".

During the Wherever We May Roam Tour Metallica played "Am I Evil?" and "Helpless" with the original Diamond Head members on 5 November 1992 at NEC Arena in Birmingham.

Metallica performed "Am I Evil?" along with the other bands in the Big 4 (Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer) at the 2011 Sonisphere festival, and with Diamond Head themselves at the Sonisphere festival in Knebworth on 8 July 2011. The following day Brian performed "Helpless" with Metallica and Anthrax at the Sonisphere festival in Amnéville, France.

On 5 December 2011, Brian Tatler and Sean Harris joined Metallica onstage at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco to celebrate Metallica's 30th Anniversary. Together they played "The Prince", "It's Electric", "Helpless" and "Am I Evil?". Tatler and Harris also took part in a group encore of "Seek and Destroy". Metallica have performed "Am I Evil?" onstage over 750 times.

Band members
Current
Brian Tatler – lead guitar, backing vocals , rhythm guitar
Karl Wilcox – drums
Andy "Abbz" Abberley – rhythm and lead guitar
Rasmus Bom Andersen – lead vocals
Paul Gaskin - bass, backing vocals

Former
Sean Harris – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Colin Kimberley – bass, backing vocals
Duncan Scott – drums
Robbie France – drums
Mervyn Goldsworthy – bass
Josh Phillips – keyboards
Dave Williamson – bass, backing vocals
Eddie Moohan – bass, backing vocals
Pete Vuckovic – bass, backing vocals
Floyd Brennan – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Rob Mills – rhythm guitar
Nick Tart – lead vocals
Dean Ashton – bass, backing vocals

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums
 Lightning to the Nations (1980)
 Borrowed Time (1982) – [UK No. 24]
 Canterbury (1983) – [UK No. 32]
 Death and Progress (1993)
 All Will Be Revealed (2005)
 What's In Your Head? (2007)
 Diamond Head (2016) – [UK Rock No. 15]
 The Coffin Train (2019) – [UK Rock No. 5]
 Lightning to the Nations 2020 (2020) (re-recording with four bonus tracks)

Live albums
 The Friday Rock Show Sessions / Live at Reading (1992)
 Evil Live (1994)
 Live – In the Heat of the Night (2000)
 It's Electric (2006)
 Live at the BBC (2010)

Singles and EPs
 "Shoot Out the Lights" (1979)
 "Sweet and Innocent" (1980)
 "Waited Too Long"/"Play It Loud" (1981)
 Diamond Lights EP (1981)
 Call Me EP (1982)
 Four Cuts EP (1982)
 In the Heat of the Night (1982) – [UK No. 67]
 Makin' Music (1983) – [UK No. 87]
 Out of Phase (1983) – [UK No. 80]
 "Wild on the Streets"/"I Can't Help Myself" 12" (1991)
 Rising Up (1992)
 Acoustic: First Cuts EP (2002)
 Belly of the Beast 7" clear promo Flexi disc (2019)

Compilations
 Behold the Beginning (1986)
 Am I Evil (1987)
 Sweet and Innocent (1988)
 Singles (1992)
 Helpless (1996)
 To Heaven from Hell (1997)
 The Best of Diamond Head (1999)
 Diamond Nights (2000)
 The Diamond Head Anthology: Am I Evil? (2004)
 The MCA Years (2009)
 Lightning to the Nations: The White Album (2011)
 Am I Evil?: The Best Of (2013)

DVDs
 To the Devil His Due (21 November 2006)

See also
List of new wave of British heavy metal bands

References

External links

Official website

English heavy metal musical groups
People from Stourbridge
English musical quartets
English musical quintets
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups disestablished in 1985
Musical groups reestablished in 1991
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Musical groups reestablished in 2000
1976 establishments in England
New Wave of British Heavy Metal musical groups
MCA Records artists

Diamond Head (British band)


Staunton Harold Hall est une grande maison de campagne classée Grade I du  construite par les comtes Ferrers, située dans les  de Staunton Harold Park à Staunton Harold, Leicestershire, Angleterre, qui comprend la chapelle Holy Trinity du  classée Grade I (église Staunton Harold).

Histoire

La famille Shirley vit à Staunton Harold depuis de nombreuses générations. Sir Robert Shirley construit l'église dans le terrain du manoir en 1653 à l'époque du Commonwealth.

La maison actuelle est à l'origine un bâtiment jacobéen construit pour Robert Shirley (1er comte Ferrers) en tant que siège familial pour la famille Shirley nouvellement anoblie et le reste jusqu'au . Le quatrième comte, , est jugé, condamné et pendu pour avoir tué son intendant. La maison est reconstruite dans sa forme actuelle en 1763 pour Washington Shirley,  comte Ferrers . Il s'agit d'une maison géorgienne en briques à deux étages avec des pansements en pierre en forme de carré entourant un quadrilatère. Sewallis Shirley,  comte Ferrers hérite du manoir en 1859 et vend la plupart des terres. Robert Shirley,  comte Ferrers, fait don de l'église au National Trust et met le domaine aux enchères. En 1955, il est acquis par Leonard Cheshire pour être utilisé comme Cheshire Home et vendu en 1980 pour être utilisé comme Sue Ryder Care home. Le manoir est redevenu une maison familiale en 2003 .

Références

Liens externes

Monument classé de Grade I dans le Leicestershire

Staunton Harold Hall


Vunenasti žabnjak (žabnjak pahuljasti, lat. Ranunculus lanuginosus) zeljasta trajnica žutih cvjetova iz porodice žabnjakovki. Raširena po velikim dijelovima Europe, uključujući i Hrvatsku.

Sinonimi
 Ranunculastrum lanuginosum (L.) Fourr.
 Ranunculus umbrosus Ten. & Guss.

Izvori

Žabnjak
Flora Europe
Flora Hrvatske
Flora Bosne i Hercegovine
Flora Srbije
Flora Crne Gore

Vunenasti žabnjak


Hans Düren (* 26. April 1948) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Der Angreifer wechselte 1972 vom SV 03 Tübingen zum SSV Reutlingen 05. In der Saison 1972/73 absolvierte Düren in der Regionalliga Süd 20 Spiele und erzielte dabei 3 Tore. Nach dem Abstieg am Ende dieser Saison spielte Hans Düren mit dem SSV Reutlingen in der Saison 1973/74 in der 1. Amateurliga Schwarzwald-Bodensee. In dieser Spielzeit wurde Düren mit Reutlingen Württembergischer Amateurmeister und bei der anschließenden Teilnahme an der Endrunde um die Deutsche Amateurmeisterschaft 1974 Deutscher Amateurmeister. Als Hans Düren in der anschließenden Saison mit dem SSV Reutlingen als Meister der 1. Amateurliga Schwarzwald-Bodensee an der Aufstiegsrunde zur 2. Bundesliga teilnahm machte er mit dem SSV durch 5 Siege in 6 Gruppenspielen, in denen Hans Düren 6 Treffer erzielte, den Aufstieg in den Profifußball perfekt. In der Zweitligasaison 1975/76 war Düren 29 Mal für den SSV Reutlingen in der 2. Bundesliga Süd im Einsatz und erzielte dabei 6 Tore. Nachdem er am Saisonende mit seinen Reutlingern abgestiegen war, wurde Düren mit dem SSV 2 Mal erneut Schwarzwald-Bodensee-Meister und scheiterte darauf jeweils in der Aufstiegsrunde. Nachdem Hans Düren in der Saison 1978/79 nach 38 Saisoneinsätzen in der neuen Oberliga Baden-Württemberg in denen ihm ein Treffer gelang mit dem SSV als Tabellenletzter abstieg, wechselte er zum SV Nehren.

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (SSV Reutlingen 05)
Fußballspieler (SV 03 Tübingen)
Deutscher
Geboren 1948
Mann

Hans Düren


Wolfgang Loë-Bagier, in den USA: Douglas W. Bagier (* 11. Mai 1907 in Neuss, Deutschland als Friedrich Otto Wolfgang Dreckmann; † 8. Juli 1972 in Los Angeles, Kalifornien, USA) war ein deutscher Filmeditor, Tontechniker und Regieassistent.

Leben und Wirken
Der Adoptivsohn des Filmproduzenten Guido Bagier erlernte sein Handwerk als Schnittmeister zu Beginn der Tonfilmära an der Seite des Berufskollegen Jean Oser, mit dem er unter anderem den Schnitt von Die Nacht gehört uns und Westfront 1918 anfertigte. In diesen frühen Tonfilmjahren sorgte Bagier bei den von ihm bearbeiteten Filmen gelegentlich auch für den Ton. Bis 1936 wirkte W. L. Bagier beim deutschsprachigen Film, bei der Hans-Moser-Komödie Das Gäßchen zum Paradies war er auch als Dialogregisseur tätig. Bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt trat er außerdem auch sporadisch als Regieassistent in Erscheinung.

Im Juli 1937 reiste Bagier nach Japan, wo er sich am Drehbuch der japanisch-deutschen Coproduktion Das heilige Ziel (Original: 国民の誓, d. h. Eid des Volkes) beteiligte. Nach Ende der Dreharbeiten verließ er im November 1938 wieder das Land und schiffte sich in die USA ein, wo er noch im selben Monat ankam. In Hollywood hatte Bagier zunächst Schwierigkeiten, beim Film unterzukommen. In der Schnitt-Einheit der Filmfirma Twentieth Century Fox war er (ohne Namensnennung) zunächst an dem Film Sechs Schicksale beteiligt. Im Laufe des Krieges wurde Bagier, seit 1943 amerikanischer Staatsbürger, vom U.S. War Department nach Übersee geschickt.

Tätigkeiten als Editor sind später lediglich bei B-Film-Inszenierungen diverser vor dem nationalsozialistischen Regime geflohener Regisseure belegt, darunter Fedor Ozep, Frank Wysbar, Richard Oswald, Hugo Haas und Max Nosseck, für die er vor allem in den frühen Nachkriegsjahren unter dem Pseudonym Douglas W. Bagier den Schnitt anfertigte.

Filmografie
als Filmeditor, wenn nicht anders angegeben
 1929: Hochzeit in der Oase (Kurzdokumentarfilm)
 1929: Die Nacht gehört uns
 1930: Westfront 1918
 1930: Skandal um Eva
 1931: Das gelbe Haus des King-Fu
 1931: Salto Mortale
 1932: Glück über Nacht
 1933: …und wer küßt mich?
 1933: An atlantischen Gestaden (Kurzdokumentarfilm, Regie)
 1933: Kleines Mädel – großes Glück
 1933: Die Finanzen des Großherzogs
 1934: Der schwarze Walfisch
 1935: Regine
 1936: Donaumelodien
 1936: Das Gäßchen zum Paradies
 1937/38: Das heilige Ziel (Co-Drehbuch)
 1944: Enemy of Women
 1945: Devil's Bat Daughter
 1946: La forteresse
 1947: Whispering City
 1947: The Prairie
 1948: Concert Magic
 1948: Blondes Eis (Blonde Ice)
 1948: Daughter of the West
 1949: The Lovable Cheat
 1949: Kill or be Killed
 1951: Aufgelesen (Pickup)
 1951: The Girl on the Bridge

Literatur
 Kay Weniger: "Es wird im Leben dir mehr genommen als gegeben …". Lexikon der aus Deutschland und Österreich emigrierten Filmschaffenden 1933 bis 1945. Eine Gesamtübersicht. ACABUS Verlag, Hamburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86282-049-8, S. 80.

Weblinks

Filmeditor
Deutscher
Geboren 1907
Gestorben 1972
Mann

Wolfgang Loë-Bagier


This is a list of English language words that come from the Niger-Congo languages.
It excludes placenames except where they have become common words.

Bantu origin
banjo – probably Bantu mbanza
basenji – breed of dog from the Congo
boma – probably from Swahili
bwana – from Swahili, meaning an important person or safari leader
chimpanzee – loaned in the 18th century from a Bantu language, possibly Kivili ci-mpenzi.
dengue – possibly from Swahili dinga
goober – possibly from Bantu (Kikongo and Kimbundu nguba)
gumbo – from Bantu (Kimbundu ngombo meaning "okra")
impala – from Zulu im-pala
impi – from Zulu language meaning war, battle or a regiment
indaba – from Xhosa or Zulu languages – 'stories' or 'news' typically conflated with 'meeting' (often used in South African English)
isango – Zulu meaning gateway
jumbo – from Swahili (jambo or jumbe or from Kongo nzamba "elephant")
kalimba
Kwanzaa – recent coinage (Maulana Karenga 1965) as the name of a  "specifically African-American holiday", abstracted from a Swahili phrase matunda ya kwanza, meaning "first fruits [of the harvest]".
lapa – from Sotho languages – enclosure or barbecue area (often used in South African English)
macaque – from Bantu makaku through Portuguese and French
mamba – from Zulu or Swahili mamba
marimba – from Bantu (Kimbundu and Swahili marimba, malimba)
okapi – from a language in the Congo
safari – from Swahili travel, ultimately from Arabic
sangoma – from Zulu – traditional healer (often used in South African English)
tilapia – Possibly a latinization "thiape", the Tswana word for fish.
tsetse – from a Bantu language (Tswana tsetse, Luhya )
ubuntu – Nguni term for "mankind; humanity", in South Africa since the 1980s also used capitalized, Ubuntu, as the name of a philosophy or ideology of "human kindness" or "humanism".
vuvuzela – musical instrument, name of Zulu or Nguni origin
zebra – of unknown origin, recorded since c. 1600, possibly from a Congolese language, or alternatively from Amharic.
zombie – likely from West African (compare Kikongo zumbi "fetish", Kimbundu nzambi "god")

Non-Bantu West African origin
azawakh - probably from Fula or Tuareg. A breed of dogs from West and North Africa
banana – West African, possibly Wolof banana
bongo – West African boungu
buckra – "white man or person", from Efik and Ibibio mbakara
chigger – possibly from Wolof and/or Yoruba jiga "insect"
cola – from West African languages (Temne kola, Mandinka kolo)
djembe – from West African languages
jazz – from West African languages (Mandinka jasi, Temne yas)
jive – possibly from Wolof jev
juke, jukebox – possibly from Wolof and Bambara  through Gullah
kwashiorkor – from Ga language, Coastal Ghana meaning "swollen stomach"
Marímbula, plucked musical instrument (lamellophone) of the Caribbean islands
merengue (dance) possibly from Fulani  meaning to shake or quiver
mumbo jumbo – from Mandingo name Maamajombo, a masked dancer
mojo – from Kongo "moyo" meaning "spirit"
obeah – from West African (Efik ubio, Twi ebayifo)
okra – from Igbo ókùrù
sambo – Fula sambo meaning "uncle"
tango – probably from Ibibio
tote – West African via Gullah
vodou – from West African languages (Ewe and Fon vodu "spirit")
yam – West African (Fula nyami, Twi anyinam)

References

Notes

Sources
Online Etymology Dictionary
Common words of African origin-William Megenney, University of California, Riverside
The Impact of African Languages on American English
African American Vernacular English Vocabulary
English words have African roots

Niger-Congo
Niger–Congo languages

List of English words of Niger-Congo origin


رانبير كابور ، من مواليد 28 سبتمبر، 1982 في مومباي، ماهاراشترا، الهند) هو ممثل هندي ظهر بعدة أفلام في بوليوود. كان أول ظهور له في فيلم ساواريا وحصل فيه على جائزة فيلم فير لأفضل ممثل صاعد. كما أنه أحد مالكي نادي مومباي سيتي لكرة القدم.

السيرة

حياته الشخصية

ولد للممثلين ريشي كابور ونيتو سينغ، كابور هو من نسل بريثفيراج كابور وحفيد الممثل وصانع الأفلام راج كابور وهو شقيق راديما كابور، وأعمامه هم راندير كابور راجيف كابور. سائر أفراد الأسرة المعروفين كاريشما كابور، كارينا كابور ونيخيل ناندا، وجميعهم من أبناء عمومته.

درس كابور التمثيل في مسرح لي ستراسبرغ ومعهد السينما في نيويورك

كان كابور صريحًا بشأن حياته الشخصية، وذكر أن زواج والديه علمه مدى تعقيد العلاقة. كانت أول علاقة جدية له أثناء وجوده في الصف السابع، وعانى من الاكتئاب عند انتهائها. في عام 2008، وخلال تصوير فيلم باتشنا اي هاسينو أشيعت أخبار عن مواعدة كابور الممثلة ديبيكا بادوكون، جذبت العلاقة تغطية إعلامية كبيرة في الصحافة الهندية. ومع ذلك، انفصل الشريكان بعد سنة. أكد كابور أن الانفصال كان وديًا، على الرغم من أن وسائل الإعلام ذكرت على نطاق واسع أنه كان نتيجة الخيانة الزوجية من جانب كابور. اعترف كابور لاحقًا: «نعم، بسبب عدم النضج، بسبب قلة الخبرة، من الاستفادة من بعض الإغراءات، بسبب القسوة.» ومنذ ذلك الحين، أضحى كابور متحفظًا في مناقشة حياته الخاصة علنًا.

في عام 2009، ظهرت شائعات أولية عن علاقة بينه وبين الممثلة كاترينا كايف أثناء تصوير فيلم "عجب بريم كي غزب كهاني". في أغسطس 2013، نشرت ستاردست مجموعة من الصور الحميمة بين كابور وكايف على شاطئ في إسبانيا. على الرغم من أن كابور رفض في البداية الحديث عن العلاقة، إلا أنه اعترف بها سنة 2015: «كلانا متأكد من علاقتنا وإذا لم نفتحها الآن، فسيظهر عدم احترام للعلاقة»، في فبراير 2016 أفادت وسائل الإعلام بانفصالهما.

في عام 2009، اعترف مابةر بإدمانه على التدخين والشرب، كما بدأ بمواعدة الممثلة علياء بهات، شريكته في بطولة فيلم Brahmastra.

في 9 مارس 2021، ثبتت إصابة كابور بـ COVID-19 ودخل في الحجر الصحي الذاتي.

سيرته المهنية

قبل بدء مهنته كممثل، كابور عمل مساعدا للمخرج سانجاي ليلا بهنسالي، حيث كان يشارك في صنع فيلم أسود (فيلم)|أسود (2005). بدأ كابور التمثيل في نوفمبر 2007 مع بهنسالي في ساواريا أمام الوافده الجديدة سونام كابور الفيلم فشل في تحقيق نتائج جيدة في شباك التذاكر،  على الرغم من انه تلقى العديد من التقييمات الإيجابية لتجسيده شخصية المغنية المتيمه، رانبير راج. الناقد تاران أدارش علق، "رانبير كابور هو موهوب جدا، لا يوجد رأين في هذا الشأن. نعم، انه يبدو وسيم، ولكن ما تتذكره هو الإخلاص في أدائه. إذا كان مستوى الأداء [العالي] هذا في أول فيلم له، هذا الفتى سيجعل من عشيرة كابور فخوريين به في السنوات المقبلة. انها 10 من 10 لهذا المبتدأ

شوهد كابور في الكوميديا الرومانسية سيدهارث أناند أناند باشنا أي هاسينو جنبا إلى جنب مع بيباشا باسو، مينيسها لامبا ديبيكا بادوكون الفيلم، الذي صدر في 15 أغسطس، 2008، أدى أداء جيد إلى حد معقول في شباك التذاكر. اعتبارا من شهر سبتمبر 2009، كان قد أنهى التصوير لفيلم راجكومار سانتوشي عجب بريم كي غازاب خاهانى أمام كاترينا كايف  المشاريع المقبلة الأخرى لكابور تتضمن أستيقظ سيد ، حيث سيشاهد أمام كونكونا سين شارما|كونكونا سين شارما. والفيلم من إخراج أيان موخيرجي وأنتاج كاران جوهر

 الجوائز والترشيحات
 جوائز فيلمفلير

فائز:
 2008 : جائزة فيلم فير كأفضل ممثل صاعد؛ ساواريا
 2010 :جائزة فيلم فير كأفضل ممثل
 2012 : جائزة فيلم فير كأفضل ممثل
 2013 : جائزة فيلم فير كأفضل ممثل

 جوائز الأكاديمية الدولية للفيلم الهندي (IIFA)

فائز:
 2008 : جائزة الأكاديمية الدولية للفيلم الهندي لنجم السنة الصاعد؛ ساواريا
 2010: جائزة الأكاديمية الدولية للفيلم الهندي لأفضل ممثل

2011: جائزة الأكاديمية الدولية للفيلم الهندي لأفضل ممثل

2012: جائزة الأكاديمية الدولية للفيلم الهندي لأفضل ممثل

2013: جائزة الأكاديمية الدولية للفيلم الهندي لأفضل ممثل

2014: جائزة الأكاديمية الدولية للفيلم الهندي لأفضل ممثل

2016:جائزة الأكاديمية الدولية للفيلم الهندي لأفضل ممثل دور قيادي

 ترشيح

 2008 : جائزة ستار سكريين للجودي رقم (1) جنبا إلى جنب مع سونام كابور؛ ساواريا 2009 : جائزة ستار سكريين لأفضل ممثل|جائزة ستار سكريين لأفضل ممثل؛ باشنا أي هاسينو جوائز زى سين

فائز:
 2008 : زي سينما جائزة لأفضل أول مرة لذكر|جائزة زي سين لأفضل ذكر لأول مرة؛ ساواريا

 جوائز أكاديميه الأفلام الهندية الدولية

فائز:
 2008 : جوائز أكاديميه الأفلام الهندية الدولية 'أفضل مبتدأ (للذكور) ؛ ساواريا

 جوائز ستاردست

فائز:
 2008 : ستاردست نجم نجوم الغد—ذكر؛ ساواريا

 جوائز منتجي الأفلام والتلفزيون اسبارا

فائز:
 2008 : جوائز منتجي الأفلام والتلفزيون اسبارا 'أفضل ذكر لأول مرة ؛ ساواريا

 الجوائز الأخرى

 2007 : جوائز ستار لأفضل كوون لسباسي، بطل نايا المفضل لسباسي  ؛ ساواريا
 2007 : حزب لأفلام هت كافيه، جائزة أفضل وجه جديد (للذكور) ؛ ساواريا
 2008 : جوائز ريبوك زووم جلام، جلام مبتدأ (للذكور) ؛ ساواريا
 2008 : بوليوود جوائز اختيار الناس، أفضل ذكر لأول مرة  ؛ ساواريا''

أفلامه

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
بنجابيون
حائزون على جوائز فيلم فير
خريجو مسرح لي ستراسبرغ ومعهد السينما
راقصون هنود
ممثلو أفلام هنود
ممثلون بوليوديون
ممثلون في السينما الهندية
ممثلون من مومباي
ممثلون وممثلات هنود
مواليد 1982
مواليد في مومباي
هنود

رانبير كابور


Istok (ruski: ИСТОК, u značenju: Izvor) jeste naslov ruskojezičnog elektroničkog časopisa koji izdaje Islamska država (IDIL) i na tržište stavlja Al-Hayat Media Center.

Do potkraj 2016., Istok je najvjerojatnije zamijenjen i potisnut novim časopisom naslova Rumiyah.

Izvori

Elektronički časopis Islamske države

Istok (časopis)


Proterochampsa es un género de proterosúquidos arcosauromorfos que vivieron en el período Triásico superior en lo que ahora es Sudamérica. Sus restos fósiles se han encontrado en la Formación Ischigualasto (Argentina) —P. barrionuevoi— y en el geoparque de Paleorrota (Brasil) —P. nodosa—.

Referencias
 Trotteyn, M. J. 2011. Material postcraneano de Proterochampsa barrionuevoi Reig, 1959 (Diapsida: Archosauriformes) del Triásico Superior del centro-oeste de Argentina. Ameghiniana 48:424-446.
 The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Faunal Change across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary by Kevin Padian

Archosauromorpha
Fósiles de América
Fósiles del Triásico

Proterochampsa


Ben Passmore (né en 1983) est un dessinateur de bandes dessinées et un caricaturiste politique américain.

Jeunesse et formation
Né en 1983 et élevé à Great Barrington dans le Massachusetts, Passmore s'inscrit au Savannah College of Art and Design, où il se spécialise en bande dessinée avec une mineure en illustration.

Carrière
Les œuvres de Passmore, allant du fantastique à l'autobiographique, offrent un commentaire social sur la politique, l'activisme, la suprématie blanche, les États-Unis, le sport et l'expérience des Noirs américains. Il contribue fréquemment à la publication de bandes dessinées dans The Nib. Son livre, Your Black Friend, est d'abord auto-publié en 2016, puis réédité par Silver Sprocket en 2018. Il s'agit d'une collection de courtes esquisses sur les aventures d'un homme noir dans un monde de blancs. Your Black Friend tire son inspiration de Peau noire, masques blancs, le livre de Frantz Fanon de 1952 sur l'impact du racisme. Ce livre est parfois comparé à la bande dessinée Jimbo de Gary Panter. Il remporte un prix Ignatz 2017, et il reçoit une nomination au prix Eisner de cette année dans la catégorie meilleure bande dessinée en un volume. Il figure sur la liste de NPR des 100 meilleures bandes dessinées et romans graphiques. L'œuvre est aussi adaptée en court métrage d'animation.

Œuvre
 Sports is Hell, publié par Koyama Press en février 2020. Le livre est une satire sur l'éclatement d'une révolution violente pendant le Super Bowl, et utilise le football pour explorer les thèmes du racisme, de la résistance, de la suprématie blanche, de l'alliance, de l'identité et de l'aliénation. Il remporte le prix Eisner du meilleur One Shot en 2021. Le livre est classé dans la liste des 100 meilleures bandes dessinées de la décennie créée par The Beat.
 BTTM FDRS, publié avec Ezra Claytan Daniels en février 2019 par Fantagraphics Books. L'éditeur décrit le livre comme une « comédie d'horreur afrofuturiste sur la gentrification, le hip-hop et l'appropriation culturelle ».
 DAYGLOAYHOLE a été écrit alors que Passmore vivait à La Nouvelle-Orléans. Il s'agit d'une web-série trimestrielle publiée en 2017 et 2018 par Silver Sprocket Bicycle Club. Elle suit suit les aventures de deux personnages, dont Passmore lui-même, errant dans une Nouvelle-Orléans post-apocalyptique. Il a été nominé pour un prix Ignatz Outstanding Series Award en 2019.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Personnalité afro-américaine du XXe siècle
Personnalité afro-américaine du XXIe siècle
Caricaturiste américain
Auteur américain de bande dessinée
Écrivain afro-américain
Naissance en 1983
Lauréat du prix Eisner du meilleur numéro ou one-shot

Ben Passmore


Orelanovke (lat. Bixaceae), biljna porodica u redu sljezolike koja se sastoji od dvadesetak vrsta zeljastih biljaka, grmova i drveća unutar 4 roda.

Rodovi
 Amoreuxia  DC. = Cochlospermum Kunth
 Bixa L.; sinonim: Orellana Kuntze
 Cochlospermum Kunth; sinonim: Maximilianea Mart.
 Diegodendron  Capuron

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Sljezolike

Orelanovke


Sorhagenia reconditella ist ein Schmetterling (Nachtfalter) aus der Familie der Chrysopeleiidae.

Merkmale
Die Falter erreichen eine Flügelspannweite von 8 Millimeter. Sie ähneln Sorhagenia rhamniella, sind aber kleiner und der hellgraue Fleck auf den Vorderflügeln ist undeutlich. Die Hinterflügel sind fahler. Eine sichere Unterscheidung ist nur durch eine Genitaluntersuchung möglich.

Bei den Männchen ist der Uncus sehr kurz. Die Valven sind zusammen mit dem Cucullus doppelt so lang wie die Ampulla. Die Ampulla ist schlank und in der Mitte gebogen. Der Sacculus ist lang und schlank und fast doppelt so lang wie der Cucullus. Er ist distal leicht geweitet, hat einen rundlichen Apex und zwei Höcker an der Costa. Die Juxta ist kurz und parallelwandig, das Vinculum ist breit. Der Aedeagus ist sehr kurz. Das achte Sternit ist quadratisch und mit Borstenreihen versehen, die vor der Mitte leicht gekrümmt sind.

Bei den Weibchen ist der distale Rand des Ostiums rundlich, innen befindet sich eine große V-förmige Ausbuchtung. Die seitlichen Vorwölbungen der Genitalplatte sind kurz und an der Basis reduziert. Sie weiten sich distal und haben einige sklerotisierte Grate. Das Antrum ist in der Mitte leicht gekrümmt. Der Ductus bursae ist doppelt so lang wie breit und weitet sich leicht in Richtung Antrum. Das Corpus bursae ist oval, die Signa haben einen gebogenen Dorn.

Verbreitung
Sorhagenia reconditella kommt auf Zypern und dem griechischen Festland vor.

Biologie
Die Biologie der Art ist unbekannt. Falter wurden von Mitte Mai bis Anfang Juni gefunden.

Belege

Chrysopeleiidae
Chrysopeleiidae (Familie)

Sorhagenia reconditella


ليسلي لامبورت ، من مواليد ، في مدينة نيويورك، عالم حاسوب أمريكي، له إنجازات في نظم التشغيل، وفي تزامن الوقت بين الحواسيب تحديداً، كما أنه أثبت فرص حل مسألة الجنرال البيزنطي.

جوائزه

 ميدالية جون فون نيومان 2004.
 جائزة دايكجسترا
 جائزة تورنغ 2013

مراجع

خريجو كلية العلوم في معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء الأكاديمية الوطنية الأمريكية للعلوم
أمريكيون من أصل بولندي يهودي
أمريكيون من أصل بيلاروسي
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي بيلاروسي
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي نمساوي
باحثون في الحوسبة الموزعة
حائزون على جائزة تورنغ
خريجو ثانوية البرونكس للعلوم
خريجو جامعة براندايس
خريجو معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
رواد علم الحاسوب
رياضياتيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
رياضياتيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
رياضياتيون من ولاية نيويورك
علماء أمريكيون في القرن 20
علماء أمريكيون في القرن 21
علماء أمريكيون يهود
علماء حاسوب أمريكيون
مهندسون أمريكيون في القرن 20
مهندسون أمريكيون في القرن 21
مواليد 1941
مواليد في نيويورك
موظفو مايكروسوفت

ليسلي لامبورت


Autoridad Binacional Autónoma del Sistema Hídrico del Lago Titicaca, Rio Desaguadero, Lago Poopó y Salar de Coipasa, o ALT es un organismo binacional autónomo del Sistema TDPS que promueve e implementa programas y proyectos, dicta y hace cumplir normas relacionadas con el ordenamiento, manejo, control y protección de los recursos hídricos e hidrobiológicos en el ámbito de su influencia.

Formación
Notas Reversales del 29 de mayo de 1996, mediante el cual el ministerio de relaciones exteriores de la República del Perú honra proponer la aprobación del Estatuto y el Reglamento de Manejo Económico y Financiero de la Autoridad Binacional dependiente orgánicamente de los ministerios de relaciones exteriores de ambos países encargada de la ejecución del Plan Director Binacional del sistema del Lago Titicaca, Río Desaguadero, Lago Poopó y Salar de Coipasa (TDPS).

Notas Reversales del 29 de mayo de 1996, mediante el cual, la cancillería de la república de Bolivia acepta la nota reversal y queda establecido el marco de su funcionamiento; incluyéndose:
 La duración de la ALT es de carácter indefinido.
 La sede de la ALT estará en la ciudad de La Paz, Bolivia, y el Presidente Ejecutivo será de nacionalidad peruana.

Presidentes Ejecutivos
 1996 - 2006  Ing. Amilcare Gaita Zanatti, inició las primeras acciones orientadas al sistema de regulación del Sistema TDPS con la implementación de la Obra de Regulación del Lago Titicaca y el Dragado del Río Desaguadero.
 2006 - 2011 Ing. Julián Isaac Barra Catacora, Durante su gestión se implementó las acciones de continuidad del sistema de regulación del Lago Titicaca y los avances en el proceso de descontaminación de la Bahía Interior de Puno y la Bahía de Cohana mediante la cosecha mecánica de lenteja de agua (Lemna SP) y la regeneración y restauración de las calidad de aguas con la instalación de aireadores.
 2011 - 2012 Ing. Jorge Peña Méndez, se inició con la adaptación de la estructura de funcionamiento de la ALT a las nuevas exigencias.
 2013 - 2017 Ing. M.Sc. Alfredo Mamani Salinas. Diseñó y desarrolló la estrategia para la prevención y recuperación de los ecosistemas contaminados del lago Titicaca con implementación de los proyectos piloto SIGAR, PITAR, BELU y RECONT, con características de ser replicables y escalables, lo que dio lugar al proyecto Instalación de 10 PTARs. Se coordinó y realizó la Batimetría del Lago Titicaca, después de 40 años, con participación de especialistas de Perú y Bolivia. Se diseñó y desarrolló la estrategia para protección de los recursos hidrobiológicos del Sistema TDPS (Titicaca, Desaguadero, Lago Poopó  y Salar de Coipasa) con implementación de los proyectos piloto REINA, FOMCAP, PROCAP y PESCART. Se promovió y realizó Expediciones Científicas de Evaluación de Recursos Pesqueros (ECERP), con participación de instituciones de Perú, Bolivia y Francia. Se instaló el sistema GeoTitica, para divulgar y compartir información técnica del TDPS. .
 2017 - Hasta la fecha, el Lic. Juan José Ocola Salazar, además de las funciones, tiene como encargo la actualización del Plan Director Global Binacional y la modificación de los documentos normativos de la entidad.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial del ALT

Tratados de Bolivia
Tratados de Perú

Autoridad Binacional Autónoma del Sistema Hídrico TDPS


Ribuloza este o monozaharidă din categoria cetopentozelor, cu formula chimică C5H10O5. Sunt posibili doi enantiomeri, D-ribuloza și L-ribuloza. D-ribuloza este diastereoizomerul D-xilulozei.

Vezi și
 Riboză
 Xiluloză

Referințe

Monozaharide

Ribuloză


Eugen Horniak, (nacido el 28 de agosto de 1926 en Ružindol, Checoslovaquia - Bratislava, 6 de octubre de 2004) fue un jugador eslovaco de baloncesto. Consiguió una medalla de bronce en el Eurobasket de Hungría 1955 con Checoslovaquia.

Enlaces externos
Perfil en sports reference

Baloncestistas de Eslovaquia
Baloncestistas de Checoslovaquia

Evžen Horňák


Uma tentativa de golpe de Estado na Venezuela ocorreu em 27 de novembro de 1992 contra o governo do então presidente Carlos Andrés Pérez, apenas nove meses após uma primeira tentativa em fevereiro do mesmo ano. Nesta ocasião, civis e militares participaram da intentona golpista. Os nomes mais proeminentes nos eventos foram Hernán Grüber Odremán, Luis Enrique Cabrera Aguirre, Luis Reyes Reyes, Francisco Visconti Osorio; e os partidos políticos Bandera Roja e Tercer Camino.

Acontecimentos
O movimento das tropas rebeldes começou às 23 horas do dia anterior, quinta-feira, 26 de novembro, com o objetivo principal de capturar o presidente constitucional Carlos Andrés Pérez e estabelecer uma junta cívico-militar como governo de transição. Também estava prevista a libertação de Hugo Chávez, preso após seu golpe fracassado de fevereiro.

A sede da emissora pública de televisão Venezolana de Televisión, bem como as antenas repetidoras da RCTV e da Venevisión, foram tomadas pelo tenente Jesse Chacón, que tiveram ordens de transmitir um vídeo gravado pelos lideres golpistas no qual explicavam o motivo da rebelião e convocavam as Forças Armadas para se juntarem a eles. Em vez disso, no entanto, um vídeo gravado anteriormente por Chávez, que não havia participado do planejamento do golpe, foi transmitido, para surpresa dos líderes.

Por sua vez, o presidente Carlos Andrés Pérez se comunicou com a nação através do sinal da Televen, a única estação de televisão nacional em seu poder, onde anunciou que esta tentativa de golpe era um "coletazo" de fevereiro de 1992, e que o governo tinha a situação sob controle. Às 15h30, os rebeldes renderam-se, após um confronto com as forças constitucionais que deixou um saldo de nove mortos, todos funcionários da estação de televisão VTV, pelas mãos dos insurgentes que eram comandados na época pelo Tenente Jesse Chacon.

Pela manhã, aviões OV-10 Bronco pilotados por oficiais golpistas decolaram da Base Aérea El Libertador, em Maracay, e atacaram vários alvos em todo o país, incluindo o bombardeio do Palácio de Miraflores, El Helicoide e a Base Aérea Generalísimo Francisco de Miranda, em Caracas, mas um dos OV-10 Broncos foi abatido por oficiais da Direção dos Serviços de Inteligência e de Prevenção (DISIP), de uma das rampas ou trincheiras de defesa da Base Aérea, utilizando uma arma automática de longo alcance calibre 50mm, que repeliram o ataque, arremetido eminentemente e agressivamente pelos rebeldes que tinham vantagem em armas, sobre as forças leais ao governo; esta aeronave estava sendo perseguida naquele instante por uma aeronave F-16, que no momento dos disparos voou para um dos lados, afastando-se dela, evitando ser confundida com um dos insurgentes e ao mesmo tempo sendo atingida pelas munições.

Às quatro da tarde vários revolucionários se renderam, embora muitos tenham escapado para o Peru, onde foram recebidos como perseguidos políticos pelo presidente Alberto Fujimori; em abril do mesmo ano, o governo venezuelano havia rompido relações diplomáticas com o Peru devido ao autogolpe de Fujimori.

À noite, embora a situação tenha sido controlada a nível militar, foram relatados confrontos entre a polícia e os rebeldes nas paróquias caraquenhas de Caricuao e 23 de Enero. Um motim ocorreu no Retén de Catia e vários presos conseguiram escapar, várias dezenas morrendo em confrontos com a Guarda Nacional Venezuelana.

Consequências
Os números oficiais registram 171 mortos, 142 civis e 29 militares, enquanto que extraoficialmente são 300. Além disso, foram registrados 95 militares feridos. O jornal El País noticiou o numero de cinquenta mortos, incluindo um jornalista, vinte e quatro horas após o eventos.

Quinhentos oficiais e suboficiais foram presos após os acontecimentos, juntamente com 800 soldados sem patente e 40 civis; entretanto, apenas 196 pessoas, entre civis e militares, foram levadas a um tribunal militar, incluindo aqueles que fugiram para o Peru, para os quais foi aberto processo à revelia. Destes, 97 foram condenados, e o restante foi absolvido. No entanto, algumas semanas depois, a Corte Suprema de Justiça da Venezuela anulou os julgamentos e, dentro do período de um ano, todos os envolvidos já haviam sido libertados pelos governos de Ramón José Velásquez e Rafael Caldera.

Ver também
 Primeira tentativa de golpe de Estado na Venezuela em 1992
 Golpes de Estado na Venezuela
 Noche de los Tanques

Nota

Ligações externas
 Golpe de estado de noviembre de 1992 (Fundación Polar)
 El 27 de noviembre de 1992: Las Instituciones en Crisis (Venezuela Tuya)
 Vídeo del 27 de noviembre de 1992 (Google Video)

Golpes de Estado na Venezuela
1992 na Venezuela
Carlos Andrés Pérez
História de Caracas

Segunda tentativa de golpe de Estado na Venezuela em 1992


Ugra-Karma je drugi studijski album finskog black metal-sastava Impaled Nazarene. Album je 1. prosinca 1993. godine objavila diskografska kuća Osmose Productions.

"Ugra-Karma" je izraz na sanskritu koji označava loše ili štetno djelo.

O albumu
Godine 1992. Mika Luttinen kupio je knjigu Hare Krišne koja je sadržavala tekstove pisane na sanskritu i njihove prijevode na finski jezik; tekstovi pjesama na albumu bili su utemeljeni upravo na ovoj knjizi te je dio njih bio napisan na sanskritu. Snimanje albuma odvilo se 28. srpnja 1993. u studiju Tico-Tico Studio u Kemiju, Finskoj. Glazbu i tekstove pjesama napisala su braća Kimmo i Mika Luttinen. Tijekom snimanja albuma grupa je istovremeno snimala i pjesme za singl Satanic Masowhore, koji je bio objavljen s albumom u prosincu 1993. godine.

Na naslovnici albuma nalazi se slika koja prikazuje Parvati, suprugu boga Šive, kako jaše na tigru. Sliku je naslikala Madame Koslovsky. Budući da je naslovnica bila stavljena na album bez dopuštenja autorice, godine 1997. skupina i diskografska kuća bili su tuženi zbog kršenja autorskih prava i trebali su platiti naknadu od oko 100.000 američkih dolara. Reizdanje albuma objavljeno u siječnju 1999. godine, koje se sastojalo i od pjesama sa singla Satanic Masowhore, sadrži drugačiju naslovnicu.

Glazbeni stil i tekstovi
Kai Wendel, glazbeni kritičar časopisa Rock Hard, u svojoj je recenziji izjavio kako se sastav približavao grupama kao što su Mayhem i Burzum zbog korištenja simbolizma. Grupa je, međutim, izjavila kako se željela odijeliti od tadašnjeg black metal stila jer ga je smatrala običnim trendom. Glazba je još uvijek agresivna, no kaotični je stil prisutan na prethodnim glazbenim izdanjima "na ovom albumu puno čišći te je struktura pjesama sofisticiranija". Pjesme su "dulje i pamtljivije te je zvuk Impaled Nazarenea na 'Ugri-Karmi' melodičniji i 'više metalan', jer su grube punk i grindcore akorde zamijenili stvarni rifovi". Uz povremen zvuk klavijatura sastav stvara "nadrealnu, mističnu atmosferu koja prilikom prvog slušanja može zvučati pomalo uznemirujuće". S tekstualnog gledišta album čini "okrutno frfljanje o hinduističkoj mitologiji, primitivno slavljenje Sotone i sve vrste perverzija koje su intonirane na engleskom, njemačkom, finskom jeziku te čak i na sanskritu". Posebno se ističe pjesma "Gott ist tot" čiji se tekst uglavnom sastoji od rečenica "Gott ist tot" ("Bog je mrtav"), "Judean Gott ist tot" ("Židovski je bog mrtav") i "Heil! Heil! Heil! Heil!", zbog čega su bile pokrenute glasine da grupa prenosi poruke političke desnice. Tekst je pjesme na njemački jezik prevela Sylvia Fürst, Luttinenova prijateljica, koja je bila jedna od urednica kontroverznog glazbenog časopisa A-Blaze. Luttinen je u "Documentation 666 - At Calling Deathu" objasnio da pjesma nije bila nacionalsocijalistička već da se radi samo o mišljenju protiv Izraela i njegovom ophođenju prema Palestincima. Međutim, tekst pjesme ne sastoji se ni od kakvih aludiranja na Izrael i njegove politike.

Popis pjesama

Recenzije
Kai Wendel, glazbeni kritičar časopisa Rock Hard, komentirao je: "Jednostavni, "punkasti" rifovi [...] koji su izravni i beskompromisni te dominirajući brzi bubnjevi daju pjesmama njihovu draž i originalnost". Herjulf iz webzinea Vönger izjavio je kako na albumu prevladava "nadrealna, mistična atmosfera koju stvaraju klavijature u pokušaju stvaranja neke vrste post-apokaliptičnog doživljaja kraja svijeta, pogotovo pri kraju pjesama "Kali-Yuga" i "Hate". Nažalost, ova ideja nije bila dosljedno ostvarena jer pjesme poput "Gott ist tot" i "Coraxo" ostavljaju dojam zabavnog projekta umjesto sastava utemeljenom na ozbiljnom konceptu. Tekstovi pjesama mogu se opisati prilično originalnim i egzotičnim".

Osoblje

Impaled Nazarene
 Kimmo "Sir" Luttinen – gitara, bubnjevi
 Jarno Anttila – gitara
 Mika Luttinen – vokali
 Taneli Jarva – bas-gitara

Ostalo osoblje
 Ahti Kortelainen – produkcija
 Madame Koslovsky – naslovnica
 Jean-Pascal Fournier – naslovnica (reizdane inačice)

Izvori

Fusnote

Albumi iz 1993.
Finski glazbeni albumi

Ugra-Karma


Michelangelo Russo, né à Sciacca le , mort à Palerme le , est un homme politique italien.

Biographie
Engagé au Parti communiste italien depuis sa jeunesse, il est vice-secrétaire régional sicilien, et siège au comité central du PCI. Avec son ami Emanuele Macaluso, il est le représentant sicilien du migliorismo de Giorgio Napolitano, courant réformateur ne souhaitant plus le rejet strict du capitalisme.

il est élu à l'Assemblée régionale sicilienne aux élections de 1971. Réélu en 1976, il devient président du groupe parlementaire communiste quand Pancrazio De Pasquale prend la présidence de l'ARS dans le cadre de l'accord de solidarité autonomiste entre la DC et le PCI.

Le 3 mai 1979, il est élu président de l'assemblée régionale en remplacement de De Pasquale travaillant de concert avec le président de la Région, le démocrate chrétien Piersanti Mattarella, assassiné par Cosa nostra le .

Réélu député régional en 1981 et en 1986, il joue un rôle parlementaire important jusqu'en 1991.

Fidèle au migliorismo, il adhère au Parti démocrate de la gauche. Lors des élections générales de 1992, il est élu sénateur et prend des positions parfois en décalage avec le reste de la gauche, et fait des déclarations qui laissent croire à une certaine clémence vis-à-vis de la corruption et de la mafia.

Lorsqu'Angelo Capodicasa préside la Région sicilienne, entre 1998 et 2000, Michelangelo Russo est l'un de ses conseillers. Il disparaît ensuite de la vie publique.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Président de l'Assemblée régionale sicilienne
Député de l'Assemblée régionale sicilienne
Naissance en janvier 1931
Naissance à Sciacca
Décès à Palerme
Décès en octobre 2006
Personnalité du Parti communiste italien
Personnalité du Parti démocrate de la gauche
Sénateur de la onzième législature de la République italienne
Décès à 75 ans

Michelangelo Russo


The flag of the Northwest Territories, is the subnational flag of the Northwest Territories of Canada. It was adopted in 1969 by the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories.

Hudson's Bay Company flag

The NWT had no flag of its own during its early history, but the flag of the Hudson's Bay Company continued to be used at that company's forts, stores and other establishments. The Legislative Assembly of the NWT was created in 1951.

Current flag
The Northwest Territories' first official flag was chosen by a special committee of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in 1969. The committee reviewed entries from a Canada wide contest. The winner of the contest was Robert Bessant from Margaret, Manitoba.

The flag features a blue field, on which is a Canadian pale (a white stripe taking up half the width of the flag), with at the centre, the shield from the coat of arms of the Northwest Territories. The blue represents the abundant Northwest Territories waters, whereas the white represents snow and ice.

Two blue panels represent the Northwest Territories' many rivers and lakes. The white section, representing ice and snow, is equal in area to the 2 blue panels combined. The territorial Shield is centred in the white section. The white section of the Shield, with a wavy blue line dividing it, represents the Arctic Ocean and the Northwest Passage. A diagonal line, representing the tree line, divides the lower portion into a green and red section with green symbolizing the trees and red symbolizing the tundra. The gold bars in the green section and the white fox in the red section represent the abundant minerals and furs upon which the history and prosperity of the Northwest Territories has been based.

See also
Symbols of the Northwest Territories
The Franco-Ténois flag

References

External links
 Symbols of Northwest Territories, Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories
 The Flags of Canada, by Alistair B. Fraser

Symbols of the Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories
Canadian pale flags
Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories

Flag of the Northwest Territories