Deathlok (also referred to as Deathlok the Demolisher) is the name of several fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first Deathlok, Luther Manning, appeared in Astonishing Tales #25 (Aug. 1974), created by Rich Buckler. At least three subsequent Marvel characters have used the "Deathlok" identity since then: Michael Collins, Jack Truman, Rebecca Ryker, Henry Hayes, and Jemma Simmons. A recurring theme among these characters is that a dead human has been reanimated with cybernetic technology. "Deathlok technology" has also been used thematically by Marvel writers in other stories.

The character has also appeared on television in animation and live action, with J. August Richards and Bill Paxton respectively portraying the original variations Mike Peterson and John Garrett in the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

Publication history
Although initially announced as the new lead feature for Marvel's Worlds Unknown comic, under the title "Cyborg", the first Deathlok series ran in  Astonishing Tales #25–28, 30–36 (cover-dated Aug. 1974–July 1976). This initial version of the character, Luther Manning, later guest-starred with Spider-Man in Marvel Team-Up #46 (June 1976), and the story from the cancelled Astonishing Tales comics was finished in Marvel Spotlight #33 (April 1977). Deathlok subsequently appeared with the Thing, a member of the superhero team the Fantastic Four, in Marvel Two-in-One #27 and 54. The Luther Manning Deathlok then appeared in Captain America #286–288 (Oct.-Dec. 1983).

A new Deathlok, Michael Collins, debuted in the miniseries Deathlok #1–4 (July–Oct. 1990, reprinted as Deathlok Special #1–4 the following year). This second Deathlok went on to a 34-issue series cover-dated July 1991 to April 1994, plus two summer Annuals in 1992 and 1993. The third Deathlok, S.H.I.E.L.D. espionage agent Jack Truman, debuted in an 11-issue miniseries (Sept. 1999–June 2000). Deathlok has also appeared in four issues of the miniseries Beyond!, and Michael Collins, in human form and not as Deathlok, appeared in Fantastic Four #544–545 (May–June 2007). Multiple unnamed Deathlok units appear in Black Panther vol. 4 #1–6. Possessing no human sentience, they were automatons created from corpses of soldiers killed in Iraq.

A new Deathlok named Henry Hayes debuted during the "Original Sin" event from Nathan Edmondson and Mike Perkins. While the character was considered to be an adaptation of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) portrayal of Deathlok, Mike Petersen, Edmondson stated that the coincidences were just "happy similarities" and that ultimately they tried to go for a total original concept. This Deathlok had his own ongoing series that began in October 2014.

A new Deathlok named Jemma Simmons, first appeared in S.H.I.E.L.D. vol. 3 #1 by Mark Waid and Carlos Pacheco, adapted from the MCU character of the same name, before becoming Deathlok in the sequel comic series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. #8, turned into one by Hayes in order to save her life.

Fictional character biography

Luther Manning
Colonel Luther Manning is an American soldier from Detroit, Michigan, who, after being fatally injured, is reanimated in a post-apocalyptic future (originally given the date of 1990) only to discover that what remains of his dead body has been turned into the experimental Deathlok cyborg by Simon Ryker. He verbally communicates with his symbiotic computer, to which he refers as the abbreviated "'Puter". He escapes from Ryker's control, although he dreams he has regained his humanity. He battles the evil corporate and military regimes that have taken over the US, while simultaneously struggling not to lose his humanity. He battles Simon Ryker and the first War-Wolf, and he encounters his wife and son for the first time after becoming a cyborg. He battles Simon Ryker's Super-Tank, and then begins a hunt for a "cyborg doctor". He battles Simon Ryker as the Savior Machine, and his mind is ultimately transferred into a Luther Manning clone. He battles mutants alongside a time-traveling Spider-Man. He begins working for the CIA, encounters Godwulf for the first time, and is then finally sent back in time to the modern era.

Deathlok battles the Devil-Slayer, but then battles demons alongside Devil-Slayer. He later becomes controlled by Mentallo and the Fixer and is sent to assassinate the President, but is stopped by the Thing and Nick Fury. After his capture he becomes catatonic, and is taken to England for treatment by the Thing. He is cured by Louis Kort, and Nick Fury takes him into custody. Deathlok is rebuilt by Roxxon as a robot and sent to sabotage Project Pegasus. The robot battles the Thing and Quasar, and self-destructs. The real Deathlok, now working for the Brand Corporation, battles Captain America and a time-traveling Luther Manning clone. Alongside Captain America, Godwulf, and the Redeemers, he battles Hellinger. Some time later, the "mainstream timeline" Luther Manning begins dreaming that he is Deathlok. He is charged with temporal energy by Timestream. Timestream recruits this "mainstream" human Manning. Deathlok, Timestream, and Manning battled the Collins Deathlok, Siege, and Godwulf. The Manning Deathlok eventually returns to his own time and overthrows the megalomaniac who had taken over the country. Manning remains in his near-future alternate reality, searching for a purpose in life and unable to disconnect himself from the machine bonded to him.

Eventually, Manning travels to the mainstream Marvel Universe and encounters Daredevil and the Kingpin. He lives a life of solitude until being apprehended by S.H.I.E.L.D., from which he is later kidnapped by the supervillain the Owl and, immobilized, put up for auction as a weapon. Before a sale can be completed, he is stolen by the crime lord the Hood and sent on a kamikaze decoy run.

John Kelly
Kelly first appeared as Deathlok in Marvel Comics Presents #62. This version of Deathlok was originally controlled by Kelly until its systems determined that Kelly's brain function was detrimental to its completion of the "First Run" program. The Deathlok unit then completed its mission. Kelly's brain was removed from the cyborg and disposed of. One of Ryker's assistants took the brain presumably for use in the SIEGE unit. This version was made for the United States Army by the CIA's Deathlok-program co-head, Harlan Ryker, after studying Luther Manning's cyborg body. The Kelly Deathlok later became known as Siege.

Michael Collins
Professor Michael Collins was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a pacifist working for the Roxxon cybernetics corporation Cybertek. Upon discovery of the Deathlok program, he was shot with a sedative by Harlan Ryker and his brain was transplanted into the body of the John Kelly Deathlok cyborg. The machine was used against rebels fighting against Roxxon's influence in the fictional South American country of Estrella. Collins regained his consciousness during that mission and stopped the cyborg programming that would have killed a small child.

Although his brain was intended to serve only as a medium for the robot's programming, he was able to assert his will over it (installing a "no-killing parameter" into its programming). The computer is fully willing to listen to Collins, though he must take care to present his orders in a way that helps fulfill the mission and keep people from dying. The computer is fully capable of understanding distinct concepts, such as bluffing, as when Collins is forced to pretend to take a hostage. Later he met Jesus Badalamente and also battles Mainframe. Collins learns that his human body was still alive, and encounters Nick Fury and S.H.I.E.L.D. Harlan Ryker hides Collins's human body. Collins aids Nick Fury and S.H.I.E.L.D. in preventing a nuclear strike on the United States. With the Fantastic Four, the X-Men, and Misty Knight, Deathlok later battles Mechadoom. He meets the Punisher, and battles Silvermane. After that, he teams up with Spider-Man and several other heroes to stop the Sinister Six. He next meets Moses Magnum. Collins finally reveals his existence as a cyborg to his family. Collins then begins to search for his human body. During this time he fought the Sleepwalker, and helps Silver Sable retrieve a purloined Statue of Liberty. He assists a makeshift team of other heroes in the "Maximum Carnage" incident, protecting the people of New York from a mass-murdering group of supervillains.

During the events of the miniseries Beyond!, the cosmic being the Stranger (pretending to be the Beyonder) transported Collins to an alien planet, where he was forced to live for years until being rescued with the aid of several other heroes. However, his rescue required the sacrifice of Greg Willis, the superhero known as Gravity. As an act of gratitude, Collins arranged Gravity's funeral. When Willis' body was later stolen by the cosmic entity known as Epoch, Collins enlisted the aid of the Fantastic Four in retrieving it.

Jack Truman/Larry Young
Jack Truman was an agent of the international espionage outfit S.H.I.E.L.D. who was transformed into a cyborg to battle the Red Skull. Through telepathic means, he eventually swapped his mind into the body of another former S.H.I.E.L.D. agent, Larry Young. Young is being considered as a "potential recruit" for the Initiative program.

Project: Deathlok
During the "Dark Reign" storyline, a H.A.M.M.E.R. strike force consisting of corpses animated with crude bionics was sent to capture a super-soldier research center known as "The World". These models acted like traditional zombies, craving brains. Their mission was unsuccessful and as a result, the research group which produced them, called "Project: Deathlok", was scrapped.

Deathlok Prime
Wolverine's rogue ops team joins an alternate future Deathlok-Prime – now free from its homicidal human host's brain – to face down invaders from a different possible future where X-Force, and all other superheroes, have been turned into "Deathloks" controlled by worldly authorities with popular support, which produces a crime-free utopia for everyone else. Deathlok appeared later as a guest speaker for one of the Jean Grey School for Higher Learning's classes.  Deathlok revealed the potential futures of the students present and the probabilities of them occurring. Notably, Deathlok refused to comment on Genesis' future, revealing to him in private that only he can choose his fate.

Death Locket

In the Avengers Arena series as part of the Marvel NOW! event, a female teenage version of Deathlok dubbed Death Locket is introduced. She is revealed to be Rebecca Ryker, the daughter of Harlan Ryker. After being maimed in an explosion that killed her mother and brother, Rebecca was rebuilt using the Deathlok technology that her father developed. Arcade later kidnaps her alongside the students of the Avengers Academy and Braddock Academy and forces them to fight other teenage superhumans in his latest version of Murderworld.

Henry Hayes
A new Deathlok debuted during the "Original Sin" storyline. Henry Hayes worked at Doctors Without Borders. During his duty, he lost a leg in a suicide bomber attack in Kandahar (or was brainwashed into thinking he did). Henry was taken care of by the company Biotek, who provided him with a composite fiber prosthesis. Upon being placed under mind-control, Henry Hayes became Deathlok, where he was used as an assassin, a soldier, a killer, a fighter, and an operative. He had participated in at least one armed conflict alongside organized troops, and assassinated countless people even in populated areas. He was even once close to being captured by S.H.I.E.L.D. when a mission went bad in Russia. Henry Hayes was often memory-wiped and did not remember his assignments. While at MTA Metro-North station, he tried to engage discussion with another leg amputee and advised him to contact Biotek, as his own prosthesis (plastic ones, as it was the only kind his pension afforded him) forced the man to use crutches. This man left, seemingly displeased with the discussion. Immediately afterward, he met Seth Horne, an off-duty S.H.I.E.L.D. agent who was present when the Eye of the Watcher exploded, releasing a blast of energy which revealed deep secrets to anyone in its radius. To Horne, it revealed Hayes' true story. This level 4 agent wanted to congratulate him, stating that S.H.I.E.L.D. would wish to have him in their ranks. As Henry Hayes really did not know what Horne was talking about, he threatened to call the authorities, forcing the agent to leave after a last congratulations. Immediately, Henry Hayes was ordered to kill him as the announcement board of the station indicated the words "Whiskey David", triggering Henry Hayes' Deathlok persona. After following Seth Horne into the restroom, Deathlok quickly executed him, left, took some medications, and returned to his civilian life heading to the train to join his daughter Aria.

Jemma Simmons

In the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. comic book, Jemma Simmons (based on the character from the TV show of the same name) became the newest Deathlok, though she has yet to actually take the name. She becomes one after getting infected with an unknown substance contained within a "targeted DNA bomb" that begins to deteriorate her condition, which also placed her in a coma. With the help of Henry Hayes and Bobbi Morse, she is transformed into a Deathlok, which successfully saves her life.

Deathloks of Lingares
During the "Iron Man 2020" event, Force Works encounters a group of Deathloks on the island of Lingares who overwhelm and capture them. Quake states to the soldiers that the dead that captured them are Deathloks. With Quake translating, War Machine, U.S. Agent, and Mockingbird learned that someone called the "Scientist" showed up claiming to help them where he made Deathloks from the fallen countrymen to help deal with a giant. Unfortunately, something went wrong. It is soon discovered that the giant attacking Lingares is Ultimo who attacks both sides. As Quake, U.S. Agent, and Mockingbird get the prisoners to safety, War Machine fights off his paralysis and starts fighting the Deathloks trying to experiment on him. War Machine is then saved by someone he recognizes who is in need of his services. Moments later, War Machine arrives with his armor, U.S. Agent's shield, and the equipment of Quake and Mockingbird as he fights off the Deathloks. The rest of Force Works discover that War Machine's rescuer is MODOK Superior. It is then revealed that MODOK Superior created these Deathloks in order to help gain control of Ultimo which transforms him into Ulti-MODOK. Once the bearded Deathlok with the central processing unit is beheaded, James Rhodes briefly turns himself into a Deathlok to control the other Deathloks who follow Ulti-MODOK into the lava-filled chasm that Quake briefly opened.

Powers and abilities

Manning
Col. Luther Manning's body was rebuilt into a cyborg body by Harlan Ryker. Deathlok's mechanical, cybernetic physiology granted him several superhuman powers including superhuman strength, stamina, agility, reflexes, and a computer augmented brain. The right arm and left half of his face are armored cybernetic implants. He wears a woven metal-mesh body suit of considerable durability. Deathlok also carried a helium-neon laser pistol designed by the U.S. Army of his time, and a throwing dagger. Manning was a military academy graduate, and a brilliant military strategist. He is a formidable hand-to-hand combatant, and proficient with knives, daggers, handguns, and laser pistols. He was later captured and upgraded by Earth-616's S.H.I.E.L.D. and given jet boots that allowed him to leap at great heights and his other abilities were perhaps enhanced to greater levels.

Collins
Michael Collins' human brain was transplanted into a cyborg body by a group of scientists at Cybertek. His cyborg body grants him the same powers as Manning, only with much greater strength, speed, and resistance to injury. He possesses a broad spectrum of visual and auditory powers. Deathlok has the ability to interface with virtually any computer system. He is also able to project his consciousness and sensory projections directly into the Net, making him capable of directly hacking computer systems far more efficiently than a traditional hacker. His body can also target (nearly infallibly) multiple objects and track them. He could scan the entire electromagnetic spectrum. He has learned to use internal nano-bots to repair and alter both his organic and inorganic parts, enabling him to appear as either a humanoid cyborg, or completely human. He also has a very sophisticated A.I., capable of quickly making complex strategies and evaluating their chance of success. If requested, the A.I. can take control of the body to perform these operations. Collins himself possesses no combat skills, but under computer-guided combat routines, he is an excellent hand-to-hand combatant with an extensive database of combat techniques and strategies.

Collins is an excellent computer programmer with an advanced degree in computer science and prosthetics, and helped construct the Deathlok body, along with other Cybertek scientists including William Hansen, Ben Jacobs, Stanley Cross, Dr. Hu, and Jim Dworman. After becoming Deathlok, Collins later modified his own systems. Like Manning, Collins wears a woven metal-mesh body suit of considerable durability. He carries a plasma pistol which draws its energy from his internal power source. Thus, the weapon can only be fired if in contact with the outlets in Deathlok's hand. Deathlok also possesses a collapsible plasma rifle capable of greater firepower with the same limitations, a supply of fragmentation plasma grenades, and a molybdenum steel knife. He wears a wrist bracelet that allows Deathlok to override similar cybernetic operating systems, and an adamantium/vibranium alloy shock dampening helmet. He sometimes uses a refitted Cybertek Dragonfly fighter with a range of several hundred miles.

Other versions

Mutant X
In the Mutant X reality, Deathlok is a member of the Avengers.

Deathlok-dominated future
In the pages of Savage Avengers, an unidentified Earth has its 2099 dominated by Deathloks led by a variation of Ultron who has taken the name "Deathlok Prime". Doom 2099 was shown to be an inmate at Hellrock Prison where he was held in a special area. When a time-displaced Dagger comes upon his cell, Doom 2099 is offered a deal to join the Avengers. Doom 2099 accepts so that he can take his revenge on Ultron.

Abomination Deathlok
On Earth-11045, a variant of Abomination/Emil Blonsky molded with Deathlok technology appears as Abomination Deathlok as a member of Kang the Conqueror's Chronos Corps.

Ultimate Marvel
In Ultimate Spider-Man #70 (Feb. 2005), the Ultimates fight a person they refer to as Luther Manning, who looks like Deathlok and whom Spider-Man describes as a "half-robot half-zombie guy". The superheroes take him into custody.

X-Factor
In X-Factor #231 (Apr. 2012), in a version of reality where Wanda Maximoff declared "no more humans" instead of "no more mutants", Tony Stark is attacked by a mostly-cyborg version of Steve Rogers, who refers to himself as "Deathlok".

Amalgam
In the Amalgam Universe, Jason Todd was a young S.H.I.E.L.D. recruit with a bright future, who was personally mentored by Director Bruce Wayne and Moonwing. Despite his reckless nature, Dick chose Jason as his successor when he temporarily left S.H.I.E.L.D. to attend college. As Moonwing, he made a careless mistake, which resulted in a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent's death, causing him to be dismissed from S.H.I.E.L.D. Jason became furious and blamed his mentors. He was then caught in an explosion when the villain Hyena detonated a bomb intended to kill Bruce and Dark Claw. Despite his body never being recovered, S.H.I.E.L.D. presumed he was dead, but he survived and his body was recovered by HYDRA, who replaced his damaged body parts with robotic parts, transforming him into Deathlok. He then participated in a coup to help Madame Cat overthrow the Supreme Leader of Hydra, Lex Luthor a.k.a. Green Skull. Afterward, he swore allegiance to her. Later, when S.H.I.E.L.D. agents launched an attack on HYDRA's base, Deathlok was sent to confront them, where he spotted his former mentor, Moonwing, and attacked him from behind. He then revealed that he's been waiting a long time to kill both Dick and Logan. He then unmasked Moonwing and accused him and Logan of abandoning him. He then began strangling Dick, but before he could kill him Colonel Nick Fury and Sergeant Joe Rock commandeered an aircraft and shot Deathlok several times in the back. Despite feeling sorry for Jason, Dick left Jason to die again so he could continue the attack on the HYDRA base.

Tomorrow Dies Today
Featured in the Weapon X comic, the Roxxon-controlled future known as Earth-10511 where James Barnes is transformed into a Deathlok known as "General".

In other media

Television
 A team of Deathloks appear in the Black Panther episode "To the End". They are sent by the US government to ostensibly assist Wakanda in repelling an invasion by a neighboring country backed by Klaw while secretly coercing or fostering a regime friendly to an American agenda. They arrive in time, but are sent back by the Black Panther.
 The Deathlok concept is adapted for the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. The series' primary incarnation is Mike Peterson (portrayed by J. August Richards), who is introduced in the pilot episode. Peterson was an ordinary man who received superhuman strength and other attributes from a variation of the Extremis drug created by Project Centipede after he was injured. After Phil Coulson's team manage to save his life and avert civilian casualties when he goes into a rampage, Peterson joins S.H.I.E.L.D. However, on a later mission, he is severely injured and captured by Project Centipede, a division of the terrorist organization Hydra, and converted into a cyborg assassin. He is eventually saved from Hydra by Coulson's team and helps to prevent the terrorists from using the company Cybertek to create an army of Deathloks. Following this, Peterson leaves on a mission of self-discovery in the season one finale. He reappears to aid Coulson in season two while the latter is on the run from an independent faction of S.H.I.E.L.D., having been personally contacted and recruited by Coulson to work as his agent in the intervening months and provided with several technological upgrades. Later in the season, Peterson is recaptured by Hydra, who remove his cybernetic parts. Once he is back in S.H.I.E.L.D.'s care, they offer to restore his missing prosthetics and abilities. He makes his final appearance in the series' 100th episode, "The Real Deal", wherein he aids Coulson in sealing an inter-dimensional rift while fighting manifestations of his pre-Deathlok form, Hive, Lash, and the alien Vrellnexians. Mike also attends Leo Fitz and Jemma Simmons' wedding before leaving once more.
 In the episode "Ragtag", Coulson's team discover files on "Project Deathlok" while infiltrating Cybertek and discover S.H.I.E.L.D. turncoat John Garrett was the first Deathlok.
 A variation of Deathlok appears in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H., voiced by Mark Hildreth. Introduced in his self-titled episode, this version is a cyborg from a future where the Skrulls' invasion of Earth succeeded and Deathlok was one of the few human survivors. He was turned into a cyborg and sent back in time to avert this future, but temporarily ran afoul of the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. while targeting a seemingly normal girl inside a busy mall until She-Hulk discovers Deathlok's target is actually the Super-Skrull and everyone in the mall are other Skrulls preparing for the invasion. After the Hulk defeats Super-Skrull, Deathlok activates his self-destruct sequence, but She-Hulk removes his power core and uses it to destroy the Skrull ship. Following this, Iron Man builds a new core for Deathlok. In the episode "Planet Monster" [Pt. 2], Deathlok joins the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. and the Avengers, among other heroes, to fight the Supreme Intelligence's forces.

Film
In the early 1990s, a Deathlok film was at the script stage, with Randall Frakes as the screenwriter. Paramount Pictures bought the film rights in 2001, and hired Lee Tamahori to direct. Stu Zicherman and Raven Metzner were assigned as writers, while Avi Arad and Steven Paul would produce. In 2004, Paul McGuigan was being considered to replace Tamahori, while David Self provided rewrites. McGuigan later revealed that he was involved, but Marvel Studios put the film on a hiatus. He also praised Self's screenplay and that he envisioned Robert Downey Jr. for the lead role.

Video games
 Deathlok appears as an assist character in Spider-Man and Venom: Maximum Carnage.
 The MCU incarnation of Deathlok appears as a downloadable playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers, as part of the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. DLC pack.
 Deathlok appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight.
 Deathlok appears as a playable character in Marvel: Avengers Alliance 2.
 Deathlok appears as a collectible card in the digital collectible card game Marvel Snap.

Toys
 In 1992, Toy Biz released a Deathlok action figure as part of its Marvel Super Heroes Cosmic Defenders line.
 In 1999, Toy Biz released a Spider-Man: Heroes Revenge box set featuring a Deathlok figure packaged alongside a Cyborg Spider-Man figure.
 A Marvel Legends action figure of Deathlok is part of the Galactus Series.
 In 2009, a new Deathlok figure was released alongside Iron Man 2020 in a Marvel Super Hero Squad two-pack.
 Deathlok is one of the figures in the Marvel Infinite Series, an extension of the Marvel Universe toyline.
 In 2018, Marvel Legends released another Deathlok figure as part of the Deadpool (Sasquach Build-a-Figure) Wave
 In 2019, Marvel Legends re-released the 2018 Deathlok figure, repainted to represent the character's appearance in Uncanny X-Force. This version is a Fan Channel exclusive and not part of any Build-A-Figure wave.

In popular culture
 "Psychotron" by Megadeth (from the album Countdown to Extinction, 1992) was inspired by the Deathlok character.

Collected editions

References

External links

 Deathlok (Luther Manning) at Marvel.com
 Deathlok (Michael Collins) at Marvel.com

 The original 1990s Deathlok pitch at Dwayne McDuffie's official site
 Deathlok at the Marvel Directory
 Deathlok the Demolisher at Don Markstein's Toonopedia
 March News www.scifi2k.com

 Deathlok (Michael Peterson) at the Marvel Cinematic Universe Wiki

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1999 comics debuts
Characters created by Doug Moench
Characters created by Dwayne McDuffie
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Deathlok


The Mummy er en amerikansk spillefilm efter manuskript af Jon Spaihts og instrueret af Alex Kurtzman. Filmens bærende roller spilles af Tom Cruise, Annabelle Wallis, Sofia Boutella, Jake Johnson, Courtney B. Vance og Russell Crowe.

The Mummy havde premiere i Sydney i Australien den 22. maj 2017 og i USA den 9. juni 2017, hvor den blev vist i 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D. Filmen modtog overvejende negativ kritik. Den indspillede 409 millioner dollars, men grundet de store omkostninger til produktion og markedsføring fik filmen et underskud på omkring $95 million. Tom Cruise modtog en Razzie ved den 38. Razzie-Uddeling for "Værste mandlige hovedrolle.

Medvirkende
 Tom Cruise som Nick Morton
 Sofia Boutella som Ahmanet
 Russell Crowe som Dr. Henry Jekyll
 Annabelle Wallis som Jenny Halsey
 Jake Johnson som Sergent Vail
 Chasty Ballesteros som Kira Lee
 Courtney B. Vance som Oberst Gideon Forster
 Javier Botet som Set

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 2017
Filmgenindspilninger
Gyserfilm fra USA
Monsterfilm

The Mummy (film fra 2017)


A Batalha de Seven Pines, também conhecida como Batalha de Fair Oaks ou Fair Oaks Station, ocorreu em 31 de maio e 1º de junho de 1862, no condado de Henrico, Virgínia, próximo a Sandston, como parte da Campanha da Península da Guerra Civil Americana. Foi a culminação de uma ofensiva na Península da Virgínia pelo general da União George B. McClellan, na qual o Exército do Potomac alcançou os arredores de Richmond.

Em 31 de maio, o general confederado Joseph E. Johnston tentou dominar dois corpos federais que pareciam isolados ao sul do rio Chickahominy. Os ataques confederados, embora não bem coordenados, conseguiram repelir o IV Corpo e infligir pesadas baixas. Reforços chegaram e ambos os lados colocaram mais e mais tropas na ação. Apoiado pelo III Corpo e pela divisão do Major Gen. John Sedgwick do II Corpo do Major Gen. Edwin V. Sumner (que atravessou o rio cheio de chuva na Grapevine Bridge), a posição federal foi finalmente estabilizada. O general Johnston foi gravemente ferido durante a ação, e o comando do exército confederado foi transferido temporariamente para o major-general G. W. Smith. Em 1º de junho, os confederados renovaram seus ataques contra os federais, que trouxeram mais reforços, mas fizeram pouco progresso. Ambos os lados reivindicaram a vitória.

Embora a batalha tenha sido taticamente inconclusiva, foi a maior batalha no Teatro Oriental até aquele momento (e perdendo apenas para Shiloh em termos de baixas até agora, cerca de 11 000 no total). A lesão do general Johnston também teve profunda influência na guerra: levou à nomeação de Robert E. Lee como comandante confederado. O Lee mais agressivo iniciou as Batalhas dos Sete Dias, levando a uma retirada da União no final de junho. Seven Pines, portanto, marcou o mais próximo que as forças da União chegaram a Richmond nesta ofensiva.

Bibliografia
Downs, Alan C. "Fair Oaks/Seven Pines." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler e Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. .
Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. .
Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. . A coleção de mapas (sem texto explicativo) está disponível online no website de West Point.
Lowe, Thaddeus S. C. My Balloons in Peace and War: Memoirs of Thaddeus S.C. Lowe, Chief of the Aeronautic Corps of the Army of the United States during the Civil War. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004. .
Miller, William J. The Battles for Richmond, 1862. National Park Service Civil War Series. Fort Washington, PA: U.S. National Park Service and Eastern National, 1996. .
Salmon, John S. The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. .
Sears, Stephen W. To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign. New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1992. .

Ligações externas
 Descrição no National Park Service
 Descrição no Virginia War Museum
 Battle of Seven Pines: Maps, histórias, fotos e notícias (Civil War Trust)
 Battle of Seven Pines in Encyclopedia Virginia
 Animated history of the Peninsula Campaign
 Prof. Thaddeus Lowe, the Civil War Years
 The bridge that saved an Army: Grapevine Bridge and the Battle of Fair Oaks

Seven Pines
Seven Pines
Seven Pines
1862 nos Estados Unidos

Batalha de Seven Pines


Chérémon de Nilopolis (mort vers 250) est un évêque chrétien mort martyr dans le désert d'Égypte, lors de la persécution de Dèce, reconnu comme saint par l'Église catholique et l'Église orthodoxe et fêté le 22 décembre.

Biographie
Peu d'éléments nous sont parvenus de la vie de Chérémon, évêque de Nilopolis en Égypte. Son histoire et sa fin comme  nous sont parvenues par quelques écrits de Denys d'Alexandrie qui relate les persécutions des chrétiens sous l'empereur Dèce, ainsi que par des écris d'Eusèbe de Césarée. En plus des chrétiens mis à mort par les autorités, voire par la population païenne, les chroniqueurs relatent le cas d'une , obligés de fuir de chez eux, dans le désert, soumis . Parmi ces nombreuses victimes, ils font référence à Chérémon, évêque de Nilopolis, obligé de fuir dans  avec sa femme. Denys ajoute que des recherches menées par des fidèles n'ont pas permis de le retrouver vivant, ni même de retrouver sa dépouille. Appuyée sur ces écrits antiques, l'Église l'a compté comme , avec tous ceux qui n'ont jamais été retrouvés ou qui sont morts dans leur fuite.

Sa mémoire est célébrée dans l'Église catholique le 22 décembre.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Saint catholique et orthodoxe du IIIe siècle
Saint catholique et orthodoxe d'Égypte
Évêque du IIIe siècle
Persécution des chrétiens sous l'Empire romain
Chrétien martyr au IIIe siècle
Chrétien martyr dans l'Egypte antique

Chérémon de Nilopolis


Plateau de Beille es una estación de esquí de los Pirineos. Está situada en el departamento de Ariège, en Midi-Pyrénées. La estación de deportes de invierno se encuentra a una altura de 1790 metros.

La estación de esquí se encuentra entre Tarascon-sur-Ariège y Ax-les-Thermes, cerca de la frontera española. Las pistas de esquí están entre los 1650 y 2000 m. Esta estación es la más importante de los Pirineos para practicar el esquí nórdico.

Tour de France
Plateau de Beille ha sido el final de etapa del Tour de Francia cinco veces: 1998, 2002, 2004 2007, y 2011. En las primeras cuatro ocasiones, el ganador de la etapa ha sido el vencedor del Tour: Marco Pantani en 1998, Lance Armstrong en 2002 y 2004 y Alberto Contador en 2007. Sin embargo, el ganador de la etapa en 2011, Jelle Vanendert, no ganó el Tour.

* En el Tour de Francia de 1998, el final de etapa fue a los 1747 m, todas las otras veces ha acabado a los 1780 m.

Véase también
 Puertos de montaña más altos del mundo

Estaciones de esquí en los Pirineos de Francia
Puertos del Tour de Francia
Puertos de los Pirineos de Francia
Ariège
Estaciones de esquí de la región de Mediodía-Pirineos

Plateau de Beille


Eloísa Cartonera es una editorial argentina y una cooperativa de trabajo. Es la pionera editorial cartonera, ya que sus libros son editados con tapas de cartón comprado a los recolectores informales denominados "cartoneros", además de ser coloreados y confeccionados por personas de bajos recursos.

Historia
En el año 2002, al calor de la crisis imperante en la Argentina después del 2001, el escritor Washington Cucurto junto con el artista plástico Javier Barilaro y otros artistas emprendieron este proyecto que pretende, por un lado, generar mano de obra genuina (el cartón se compra a un precio más alto que el que se paga habitualmente, además de pagarse por hora a quienes confeccionan y pintan los libros), autosustentarse con la venta de libros (no poseen otro tipo de financiación) y además ofrecer al público un amplio catálogo, con escritores reconocidos y nóveles de Argentina y América. Los escritores ceden sus derechos de autor para la publicación.

Los ejemplares se pintan con témperas de diversos colores, y cada uno de ellos es diferente a los demás. La editorial posee una sede en el barrio porteño de La Boca que se encuentra abierta al público general, donde se organizan cursos y talleres, además de muestras artísticas.

A 10 años de su creación, en el mundo existen más de 50 editoriales cartoneras, basadas en la experiencia de Eloísa Cartonera.

Publicaciones

Con un catálogo de más de cien obras, han editado diferentes géneros literarios (poesía, cuentos, novelas, ensayo, cómics, libros infantiles) de autores como Washington Cucurto, Dani Umpi, Ricardo Piglia, César Aira, Gabriela Bejerman, Martín Adán, Haroldo de Campos, Leónidas Lamborghini, Enrique Lihn, Fabián Casas, Tomás Eloy Martínez, entre otros.

También han editado obras en conjunto con instituciones y embajadas de distintos países.

La editorial en dos oportunidades celebró el certamen narrativo "Nuevo Sudaca Border a la narrativa muy breve", el premio en ambas ocasiones consistió en la edición y difusión de los cuentos ganadores. En el certamen del año 2005 los cuentos editados fueron: «El ciclista serial» (Marcelo Guerrieri), «Luster» (Juan Leotta), «Serialis»mo (Leandro Ávalos Blacha), «Palomas que no son pájaros» (Pedro Nalda Querol), «El Sr. Velázquez y el licenciado Ramírez» (Gonzalo Alfonsín) y «Cacho el más macho» (Dante Castiglione); en el correspondiente al año 2010/11: «Proyecto Ivanov» (José María Marcos), «Vociferata seminal erratensible» (Carlos Marcos), «La indemnización» (Julio Srur), «Río» (Josefa Abellá) y «El pasaje Lavalle» (Manuel Rianxo).

Premios y distinciones
En el año 2012 recibe el Premio Principal Príncipe Claus, otorgado a las personas o asociaciones cuyas acciones culturales impactan positivamente en sus sociedades. En 2014 la Fundación Konex le otorgó el Diploma al Mérito de los Premios Konex a las Letras en la categoría Labor editorial.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Sitio web de la editorial
Una visita a La Carto: Eloísa Cartonera, el colectivo y la catástrofe Revista Escáner Cultural, 3 de abril de 2010
Detrás de los libros: Eloísa Cartonera whatsupbuenosaires.com
De cartonera a editora Diario La Nación, 11 de agosto de 2009
 por Tomás Eloy Martínez, 14 de marzo de 2009
Eloisa Cartonera festeja sus diez años Suplemento Literario Télam.

Editoriales de Argentina
Cooperativas de Argentina
Premio Príncipe Claus

Eloísa Cartonera


ආසියාවේ භූගෝලීය ලක්ෂණ () යටතේ ආසියාව, එනම් දළ වශයෙන් රටවල් පනහකින් (50) සමන්විත, යුරේසියාවේ මධ්‍යම සහ නැගෙනහිර කොටස් භූගෝලීය විද්‍යාත්මකව වර්ගීකරණය කිරීම සලකා බැලෙයි.

ආසියාවේ කලාප සිතියම්

ආශ්‍රිත

 List of Asian countries by population
 United Nations geoscheme for Asia
 Indo-Pacific
 Asia-Pacific
 Pacific Rim

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

ආසියාවේ භූගෝලීය ලක්ෂණ
Geology of Asia

ආසියාවේ භූගෝලීය ලක්ෂණ


අතීත දේශගුණයන් යලි ඇති කිරීම සඳහා පුරා දේශගුණික විද්‍යාඥයන් විසින් අතීත දේශගුණය අපෝහණයට විවිධාකාර තාක්ෂණික විධි යොදා ගනී.

අයිස්

ගැලැසියර කඳු සහ දැව, අයිස් වැස්ම / අයිස් තැටි පුරා දේශගුණික විද්‍යාවේදී පුළුල්ව යොදා ගැනෙන ප්‍රභවයකි. මෑත කාලීන අයිස් හර ව්‍යාපෘතීන් ග්‍රීන්ලන්තයේ හා ඇන්ටාක්ටිකාවේ අයිස් වැස්ම සම්බන්ධයෙන් සිදු කෙරුණු අතර Epica ව්‍යාපෘතියේදී වසර ලක්ෂ ගණන් එනම් වසර 800000 කටත් වඩා ඔබ්බෙහි තොරතුරු ලබා ගන්නා ලදී.

ස්ථර ඇතුළත විද්‍යාඥයින් පරාග සොයා ගන්නා ලදී. පරාග ගණනය කිරීම මගින් ඔවුන්ට එම වර්ෂයේ මුළු ශාක වැවීම ඇස්තමේන්තු කළ හැකි විය. ස්ථරයේ ඝනකම වාර්ෂික වර්ෂාපතනය නිර්ණය කිරීමට උදව් වේ. ඇතැම් ස්ථර ගිනි කඳු පිපිරීම්වලින් ඇති වූ අළු සහිත විය.
 වැටෙන හිම තුළවූ වාතය වසර ගණනාවක් තුළදී වැටුණු හිමවල බර හේතුවෙන් හිම අයිස් බවට සම්පීඩනයේදී කුඩා බුබුළුවල කොපුලා තිබේ. එම කොපුලන ලද වාතය අතිශයින්ම අගනා ප්‍රභවයක් ලෙස ක්‍රියා කරමින් අයිස් ඇති වුණු කාලයේදී වාතයේ සංඝටනාව සෘජුව නිර්ණය කිරීමට උපකාරී වී ඇත.
 උණුසුම් හා ශීත කාලවලදී මදක් බරින් වැඩි සමස්ථානික සහිත හයිඩ්‍රජන් හා ඔක්සිජන්වලින් තැණුනු ජලය වාෂ්පීකරණ ශීඝ්‍රතා හේතුවෙන් මදක් වෙනස් වේ. සාගර මතුපිට මධ්‍යන්‍ය උෂ්ණත්වයේ වෙනස් වීම් මෙම සමස්ථානිකයන්ගේ අනුපාතවල වෙනස්කම් අනුව ප්‍රතිබිම්භනය වී ඇත. මෙම සමස්ථානික අනුපාතවල විවිධ චක්‍රයන් සොයා ගෙන ඇත.

ශාඛීය දේශගුණ විද්‍යාව

මෙම විද්‍යාව උපකාරි කරගෙන ශාක වළලු තුළින් දේශගුණික තොරතුරු ලබාගනී. පවතින සජීවී ශාක වළලු අතර බොහෝ වයස් ගත ඒවා ශත වර්ෂ කිහිපයක සිට සහස්‍ර කිහිපයක් දක්වා තොරතුරු ලබාදේ. පැරණි නොයිඳුල් දැව හායනය නොවී පවතින විට සජීවී ශාක වලින් දන්නා වයස්වල වළලු සමග ගැලපෙන රටාවන් හඳුනා ගැනීමෙන් අදාල කාල වකවානු නිර්ණය කළ හැකිය. ඝනීභූත වූ ශාක වළලු පුරා දේශගුණික විද්‍යාවට වැඩි කාල පරාසයක තොරතුරු ලබාදේ. විකිරණශීලී කාලය නිර්ණය මගින් කාල නිර්ණය කරන ලද පොසිල පුළුල් වැරදි සීමාවක් තුළදී සිදු කොට ඇත. ශාක වළලු මගින්ම එම වකවානුව තුළදී උෂ්ණත්වය හා වර්ෂාපතනය සම්බන්ධයෙන් තොරතුරු සමහරක් ලබාදේ. දිගුකාල වකවානු සම්බන්ධව භූ විද්‍යාඥයන් දත්ත සඳහා අවසාධිත වාර්තා සොය බැලිය යුතුය.

අවසාධිත අන්තර්ගතය

පාෂාණවලින් ශීලා භවනය වූ අවසාධන නොනැසී පවත්නා ශාක වැස්මක සතුන්ගේ, ප්‍රවාංගවල හෝ පරාගවල අවශේෂ දැරිය හැකිය. ඒවා ඇතැම් දේශගුණික කලාපයන්ට ලාක්ෂණික විය හැකිය.
සකස් වූ උෂ්ණත්වය පිළිබඳව තොරතුරු ලබා දීමට ඇල්කිනෝන වැනි ජෛව සළකුණු අණු උපකාරී වේ.
 හොරනිමි ෆේරා පරීක්ෂණවලදී කැල්සයිට්වල මැග්නීසියම් හා MgCa අනුපාතය රසායනික සලකුණු ලෙස අතීත උෂ්ණත්වය යලි ඇති කිරීමේදී යොදා ගත හැකිය. සමස්ථානික අනුපාතයන් වැඩිදුර තොරතුරු සැපයීමට හැකිය. විශේෂයෙන්ම dO18 වාර්තා අයිස් පරිමාවේ හා උෂ්ණත්වයේ වෙනස්වීම්වලට වගකියයි. වැටලීමට අපහසු සාධක පරාසයක් ප්‍රතිබිම්භනයට C13 වාර්තා සමත්වෙයි. දිගුකාල පරිමාණයක් සඳහා මුහුදු මට්ටම් වැඩි වීම හා පහත බැසීම පිළිබඳ ලක්ෂණ පාෂාණ වාර්තාවලද දැක්විය හැකිය. මීට අමතරව පොසිල භූත වූ වැලි වැනි ලක්ෂණ හඳුනාගත හැකිය.

අවසාධිත ද්‍රව්‍යවලින් ප්‍රකාශ කරන දේශගුණික තත්ත්ව

දිගු කාල පරිමාණයක් සඳහා මුහුදු මට්ටම් වැඩිවීම හා පහත වැටීම පිළිබඳ ලක්ෂණ පාෂාණ වාර්තාවලට දැක්විය හැකිය. මීට අමතරව පොසිල වූ වැලි වැටි වැනි ලක්ෂණ හඳුනාගත නොහැක. විද්‍යාඥයන්ට දිගු කාලීන දේශගුණය ග්‍රහණය කරගත හැක්කේ වසර බිලියන ගණනක් ඈතට ඇදීයන අවසාධිත පාෂාණ අධ්‍යයනයෙනි. දත්තයන්ගේ ප්‍රධාන වෙස්වීම්, සීමා නීර්ණය කෙරෙන අවසාධිත පාෂාණවල දෘෂ්‍ය වෙනස්වීම් මත පෘථිවි ඉතිහාසය සීමිත කාලවලට බෙදීම පදනම් වී ඇත. බොහෝවිට මේවාට දේශගුණයේ ප්‍රධාන මාරුවීම්ද අන්තර්ගත වේ.

කොරල් වළලු

කොරල් වළලු ශාක වළලුවලට සමාන වේ. මේවා අධ්‍යයනයෙන් නිතර වෙනස්වන ද්‍රව්‍ය පිළිබඳ විස්තර කිව හැකිය. උදාහරණ වන්නේ ජලයේ උෂ්ණත්වය හා හැසිරීම් ආදියයි. පසුගිය ශතවර්ශ කිහිපය දක්වා මුහුදු මතුපිට උෂ්ණත්වය හා ජලයේ ලවණතාව අධ්‍යයනයට ඇතැම් උපකරණ යොදා ගෙන මෙය ප්‍රභවයක් කොට ගෙන ඇත.

සටහන්

අතීත දේශ ගුණයන් යලි ඇති කිරීම


Ontologia genei (acr. en. GO) este o inițiativă bioinformatică majoră de a unifica reprezentarea genei și și a atributelor produsului genetic pentru toate speciile. Mai precis, proiectul urmărește: 1) menținerea și elaborarea vocabularului controlat al genelor și atributelor produsului genetic; 2) adnotarea genelor și produșilor genetici și asimilarea și diseminarea datelor de adnotare; și 3) furnizarea uneltelor pentru înlesnirea accesului la toate aspectele informațiilor furnizate de proiect și permiterea interpretării funcționale a datelor experimentale folosind GO.

GO face parte dintr-un efort mai mare de clasificare, Ontologiile Biomedicale Deschise (OBO, en.).

Deși nomenclatura genelor însăși urmărește să mențină și elaboreze vocabularul controlat al genelor și produșilor genetici, Ontologia genei extinde demersul utilizând un limbaj de marcare pentru a face datele (nu doar ale genelor și produșilor acestora dar și ale tuturor atributelor acestora) citibile de către mașină, într-un mod unificat pentru toate speciile (în timp ce convențiile din nomenclatura genelor diferă de la un taxon biologic la altul).

Exemplu de termen
id:         GO:0000016
nume:       activitate lactază
clasănume:  funcție_moleculară
def:        "Cataliza reacției: lactoză + H2O=D-glucoză + D-galactoză." [EC:18.104.22.168]
sinonim:    "activitate hidrolază a lactazei-lofrizinei" BROAD [EC:188.8.131.52]
sinonim:    "activitate galactohidrolază a lactozei" EXACT [EC:22.214.171.124]
xref:       EC:184.108.40.206
xref:       MetaCic:LACTASE-RXN
xref:       Reactom:20536
este_o:       GO:0004553 ! activitate hidrolază, hidroliza compușilor O-glicozil

Sursa datelor:

Consorțiu
Consorțiul pentru Ontologia Genei este mulțimea de baze de date biologice și grupuri de cercetare implicate activ în proiectul ontologiei genei.

Note

Legături externe

 Consorțiul pentru Ontologia Genei - situl oficial (en.)
 PlantRegMap - Adnotări GO pentru 165 de specii de plante și Analiza îmbogățirii GO  (en.)
 SimCT  (en.) — unealtă internet pentru afișarea relațiilor dintre obiecte biologice adnotate unei ontologii, în forma unui ansamblu arborescent.
 Ontologia genei pentru domenii (en.) — bază de date a ontologiilor de domeniu pe funcții, fenotipuri, boli și altele.

Ontologie (informatică)
Bioinformatică

Ontologia genei


École centrale de Nantes, fondată în 1919, este o universitate tehnică de stat din Nantes (Franța).

Secții
 Master
Domeniu: Inginerie
 Doctorat
Domeniu: Inginerie Mecanică, Inginerie civilă, Inginerie Electrică, Automatică, Tehnologia Informației, Procesare de semnal, Microelectronică, Nanotehnologie, Acustică, Telecomunicație
 Mastère Spécialisé

Note

Legături externe
 École centrale de Nantes Web

Universitatea din Nantes
Universități din Franța
Universități tehnice
Nantes

École centrale de Nantes


(literalmente, compañía IHI) o IHI Corporation, es una compañía japonesa especializada en productos mecánicos de precisión, que inició su actividad en el  como un astillero.

Historia
El origen de la compañía se remonta a diciembre de 1853, cuando se fundó el astillero Ishikawajima. En la actualidad, y a través de una serie de subsidiarias, IHI realiza piezas de motores de aviación,piezas de automoción, de industria aeroespacial, estructuras de acero y maquinaria industrial, incluyendo piezas para la industria nuclear y química, como calderas, intercambiadores de calor, torres de refrigeración o vasijas de contención de reactores nucleares.

Esta compañía desarrolló el primer motor turborreactor de flujo axial funcional que equipó a un avión japonés, durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el Ishikawajima Ne-20. También produjo el segundo motor japonés de ese tipo, ya en los años 60, el IHI J3.

Galería de imágenes

Referencias
Notas

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Empresas cotizadas en la Bolsa de Tokio
Fabricantes de barcos
Fabricantes de motores aeronáuticos
Empresas de defensa de Japón
Astilleros de Japón
Marcas japonesas

IHI


ඩෙයිමෝස් හෝ ඩීමෝස් (), අඟහරු ග්‍රහයා ගේ උප ග්‍රහයෙකි.

සුවිශේෂ ලක්ෂණ
අඟහරු ග්‍රහයාගේ අනෙක් චන්ද්‍රයා වන ෆෝබෝස් මෙන්ම ඩෙයිමෝස් සතුවද  C හෝ   D  ආකාර ග්‍රහක වල දක්නට ලැබෙන  වර්ණාවලි, ඇල්බී‍ඩෝ සහ ඝනත්ව ඇත.

ඩෙයිමෝස්ගේ ප්‍රමාණයේ වෙනත් බොහෝ වස්තු මෙන්ම ඩෙයි‍මෝස් ද ගෝලාකාර නොවන අතර එහි පරිමාණයන් වන්නේ  15 x 12 x 10 km අඟහරුගේ සමක තලයේ දී වෘත්තයකාර කක්ෂයට ආසන්න කක්ෂයක් එය සතුව පවතී.

ඩෙයිමෝස් යනු බ්‍රහස්පති ග්‍රහයාගෙන් කක්ෂයට විසිවුනු ග්‍රහකයක්  වන්නට ඇති බවත් අඟහරු ග්‍රහයා විසින් එය ග්‍රහණය කර ගන්නට ඇති බවටත් මතයක් පවතී. ඩෙයිමෝස්ගේ පෘෂ්ඨයේ සිට බලන කල අඟහරු ග්‍රහයා පෘථිවියේ සිට චන්ද්‍රයා‍ගේ දිස්වන  දීප්තිය මෙන් හාරසිය ගුණයක් දීප්තිමත් වන අතර  දහස් ගුණයක් විශාලව පෙනේ.

අඟහරුගේ සිට බලන කල ඩෙයි‍මෝස්ට 2.5 කට අඩු කෝණාකාර විෂ්කම්භයක් ඇති අතර එබැවින් එය තරුවක් ලෙස බො‍හෝ දුරට පියවි ඇසට දිස්වේ.ඩෙයිමෝස්ගේ දීප්තිමත්ම අවස්ථාවේ දී එය පෘථි‍වියේ සිට සිකුරු තරුව දිස්වන තරම් දීප්තියක් දිස්වුනු  ඇත. දින 1.2648 ක් ගත වන ඩෙයිමෝස්ගේ අවධි කුඩා දුරදක්නයක් මගින් අගහරු නිරීක්ෂණය කරන්නෙකු ට දැකගත හැකිය.

ඉතා වේගයෙන් කක්ෂගත වන ෆෝබෝස් බටහිරෙන් නැග නැගෙනහිරෙන් බැස ගියත්. ඩෙයිමෝස් නැගෙනහිරෙන් නැග බටහිරෙන්  බැසයයි.
ඩෙයිමෝස්ගේ කක්ෂය අඟහරු ග්‍රහයාට සාපේක්ෂව ඉතා ආසන්න බැවින් සහ  අඟහරුගේ සමකයට කුඩා ආනතියකින් පිහිටන බැවින් එය අඟහරැගේ 82.70 කට වැඩි අක්ෂාංශ වලදී දැක ගත නොහැකිය.

මූලාශ්‍ර

අඟහරු
අඟහරුගේ චන්ද්‍රයෝ

ඩෙයිමෝස්


An Stylochaeton milneanus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Simon Joseph Mayo. An Stylochaeton milneanus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stylochaeton, ngan familia nga Araceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nadudultan.

Mabibilngan ini ha Tanzania. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Stylochaeton

Stylochaeton milneanus


Güvercinlik, Çorum ilinin Osmancık ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1925 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 62 km, Osmancık ilçe merkezine 16 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Osmancık belde ve köyleri

Güvercinlik, Osmancık


Sam Keith (1921–2003) was an American writer. His most notable work was the 1973 best seller One Man's Wilderness: An Alaskan Odyssey, in which he edited and expanded on the journals of his friend Richard Proenneke's solo experiences in Alaska to create an Alaskan classic. In 2014, Keith's formerly lost manuscript First Wilderness: My Quest in the Territory of Alaska was published.

Born in Plainfield, New Hampshire, in 1921, Sam Keith was the son of a wildlife artist, Merle Vincent Keith. As a teen, Keith joined the Civilian Conservation Corps and served in Elgin, Oregon, building roads. During World War II, Keith enlisted in the Marines, where he served as a radio gunner. He was shot down over the Pacific. He enrolled at Cornell University after the war on the GI Bill and graduated with a degree in English, with an eye toward being a writer. In 1953, Keith left his Massachusetts home to seek adventure in Alaska. He found a job as a laborer on the Kodiak Naval Base, and there met Richard "Dick" Proenneke, who was working as a diesel mechanic. The two became friends, and during their time in Alaska went on numerous hunting and fishing trips together. After several years, Keith returned to Massachusetts, where he married and became an English teacher, writing on the side. During a trip to visit Dick Proenneke at his cabin in Twin Lakes in 1970, Keith suggested that he take Proenneke's journals describing the time he spent building a cabin on the shores of Twin Lakes, Alaska, and turn them into a book.

Keith wrote One Man's Wilderness: An Alaskan Odyssey (1973) based on his lifelong friend's journals and photography. Re-released in 1999, it became a best seller and won a National Outdoor Book Award. Book excerpts and some of Proenneke's 16mm movies were used in the popular documentary "Alone in the Wilderness", which continues to air on PBS. The two remained good friends, trading hundreds of letters over their lifetimes. The men died within a month of each other in 2003.

Ten years later, Keith's son-in-law, children's book author/illustrator Brian Lies, discovered an unpublished manuscript by Keith in an archive box in their garage. Forty years after it was written, the story of Keith's own Alaska experiences was published. Included are photos and excerpts from his journals, letters, and notebooks.

References

 Sam Keith and Richard Proenneke. One Man's Wilderness: An Alaskan Odyssey. Alaska Northwest Books; 26th Anniversary edition (May 1, 1999). . Winner of the 1999 National Outdoor Book Award (History/Biography category).
Richard Proenneke. More Readings from One Man's Wilderness: The Journals of Richard L. Proenneke 1974–1980. National Park Service.

20th-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
1921 births
2003 deaths
People from Plainfield, New Hampshire
20th-century American male writers
Civilian Conservation Corps people
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
Cornell University alumni

Sam Keith


Kenny Pickett, né le  à Ocean Township dans le New Jersey, est un joueur américain de football américain évoluant à la position de quarterback.

Biographie

Carrière universitaire
Pickett retourne à l'université pour une cinquième année, sa quatrième en tant que titulaire des Panthers, et lance pour  et  sur le chemin de la victoire en conférence ACC.

Considéré comme l'un des meilleurs  des Panthers depuis Dan Marino, il se retire avant le Peach Bowl et conclut sa carrière universitaire avec les records à la passe de l'université en termes de yards (), de passes complétées et de  inscrits (81).

Carrière professionnelle
Kenny Pickett est sélectionné par les Steelers de Pittsburgh avec le vingtième choix de sélection de la draft 2022 de la NFL. Il est le seul  de sa draft à être sélectionné au premier tour.

Pickett fait ses débuts NFL lors de la deuxième mi-temps du match perdu 20 à 24 contre les Jets de New York en  de la saison 2022, le titulaire Mitchell Trubisky ayant été mis sur le banc par l'entraîneur. Il réussit 10 des 13 passes tentées et inscrit deux touchdowns à la course mais se fait intercepter à trois reprises. Lors de sa première tentative de passe professionnelle, il lance en profondeur vers son receveur Chase Claypool mais le ballon est intercepté par Jordan Whitehead. Au terme de son deuxième drive, Pickett inscrit son premier touchdown professionnel à la suite d'une course.

Le , Pickett est désigné titulaire par l'entraîneur principal Mike Tomlin. Pour son premier match en tant que titulaire, il réussit 34 des 51 passes tentées et gagne un total de 327 yards malgré une interception (défaite 3 à 38 contre les Bills). Il inscrit son premier touchdown à la passe lors du  de la saison contre les Buccaneers (réception de Najee Harris) mais doit quitter le terrain à la suite d'une commotion subie au cours du troisième quart temps. Les Steelers remportent le match 20 à 18 ce qui permet à Pickett de remporter son premier match professionnel en tant que titulaire.

Il est de nouveau victime d'une commotion lors du match en  contre les Ravens. Il doit faire l'impasse sur le match suivant mais reprend sa place contre les Raiders en . Il inscrit d'ailleurs le touchdown victorieux (13-10) à la suite d'une passe de 14 yards vers  alors qu'il reste moins d'une minute de jeu. Il récidive la semaine suivante, inscrivant le touchdown de la victoire (16-13) à moins d'une minute de la fin du match (passe de 10 yards vers Najee Harris). Il devient ainsi le premier quarterback rookie de l'histoire de la NFL à inscrire un touchdown victorieux au cours de la dernière minute d'un  lors de deux matchs consécutifs.

Statistiques

|-
| 2017 || Panthers de Pittsburgh ||
| 4 || 66 || 39 || 59,1 ||  509 || 1 || 1 || 125,8 || 26 || 93 || 3,6 || 2
|-
| 2018 || Panthers de Pittsburgh ||
| 14 || 310 || 180 || 58,1 ||  || 12 || 6 || 120,3 || 117 || 220 || 1,9 || 3
|-
| 2019 || Panthers de Pittsburgh ||
| 12 || 469 || 289 || 61,6 ||  || 13 || 9 || 122,4 || 95 || 110 || 1,2 || 2
|-
| 2020 || Panthers de Pittsburgh ||
| 9 || 332 || 203 || 61,1 ||  || 13 || 9 || 129,6 || 81 || 145 || 1,8 || 8
|-
| 2021 || Panthers de Pittsburgh ||
| 13 || 497 || 334 || 67,2 ||  || 42 || 7 || 165,3 || 97 || 241 || 2,5 || 5

| 52 ||  ||  || 62,4 ||  || 81 || 32 || 136,3 || 416 || 809 || 1,9 || 20

|-
| 2022 || Steelers de Pittsburgh
| 12 || 389 || 245 || 63,0 ||  || 7 || 9 || 76,7 || 55 || 237 || 4,3 || 3 || 27 || 182 || 4 || 1
|-
| 2023 || Steelers de Pittsburgh
| ? || colspan="7" align="center" | Saison en cours || colspan="4" align="center" | Saison en cours || ? || ? || ? || ?

| 12 || 389 || 245 || 63,0 ||  || 7 || 9 || 76,7 || 55 || 237 || 4,3 || 3 || 27 || 182 || 4 || 1

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en juin 1998
Naissance dans le comté de Monmouth
Joueur américain de football américain
Quarterback
Joueur de football américain des Panthers de Pittsburgh
Choix de draft des Steelers de Pittsburgh
Joueur des Steelers de Pittsburgh

Kenny Pickett


Taslima Nasrin (born 25 August 1962) is a Bangladeshi-Swedish writer, physician, feminist, secular humanist, and activist. She is known for her writing on women's oppression and criticism of religion; some of her books are banned in Bangladesh. She has also been blacklisted and banished from the Bengal region, both from Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.

She gained global attention by the beginning of 1990s owing to her essays and novels with feminist views and criticism of what she characterizes as all "misogynistic" religions. Nasrin has been living in exile since 1994, with multiple fatwas calling for her death. After living more than a decade in Europe and the United States, she moved to India in 2004 and has been staying there on a resident permit long-term, multiple-entry or 'X' visa since. She now lives in New Delhi, India.

Early life and career
Nasrin was the daughter of Dr. Rajab Ali and Edul Ara, who were from a Bengali Muslim of Mymensingh. Her father was a physician, and a professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Mymensingh Medical College, also at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka and Dhaka Medical College. After high school in 1976 (SSC) and higher secondary studies in college (HSC) in 1978, she studied medicine at the Mymensingh Medical College, an affiliated medical college of the University of Dhaka and graduated in 1984 with an MBBS degree. In college, she wrote and edited a poetry journal called Shenjuti. After graduation, she worked at a family planning clinic in Mymensingh, then practised at the gynaecology department of Mitford hospital and at the anaesthesia department of Dhaka Medical College hospital. While she studied and practised medicine, she saw girls who had been raped; she also heard women cry out in despair in the delivery room if their baby was a girl. She was born into a Muslim family; however, she became an atheist over time. In the course of writing she took a feminist approach.

Literary career
Early in her literary career, Nasrin wrote mainly poetry, and published half a dozen collections of poetry between 1982 and 1993, often with female oppression as a theme, and often containing very graphic language. She started publishing prose in the late 1980s, and produced three collections of essays and four novels before the publication of her documentary novel Lajja () in which a Hindu family was being attacked by Muslim fanatics and decided to leave the country. Nasrin suffered a number of physical and other attacks for her critical scrutiny of Islam and her demand for women's equality. Hundreds of thousands of fanatics took to the streets demanding her execution by hanging. In October 1993, a radical fundamentalist group called the Council of Islamic Soldiers offered a bounty for her death. In May 1994 she was interviewed by the Kolkata edition of The Statesman, which quoted her as calling for a revision of the Quran; she claims she only called for abolition of the Sharia, the Islamic religious law. In August 1994 she was brought up on "charges of making inflammatory statements," and faced criticism from Islamic fundamentalists. A few hundred thousand demonstrators called her "an apostate appointed by imperial forces to vilify Islam"; a member of a "militant faction threatened to set loose thousands of poisonous snakes in the capital unless she was executed." After spending two months in hiding, at the end of 1994 she escaped to Sweden, consequently ceasing her medical practice and becoming a full-time writer and activist.

Life in exile
After fleeing Bangladesh in 1994, Nasrin spent the next ten years in exile in Sweden, Germany, France and the US. She returned to the East and relocated to Kolkata, India, in 2004, where she lived until 2007. After she was physically attacked by fanatics in Hyderabad, she was forced to live under house arrest in Kolkata, and finally, she was made to leave West Bengal on 22 November 2007. She was then forced to live under house arrest in New Delhi for three months. She had no other alternative but to leave India in 2008. She was not allowed to live in India for a while, but ultimately Nasrin, determined to live in the subcontinent, moved to India from the US.

Leaving Bangladesh towards the end of 1994, Nasrin lived in exile in Western Europe and North America for ten years. Her Bangladeshi passport had been revoked; she was granted citizenship by the Swedish government and took refuge in Germany. She allegedly had to wait for six years (1994–1999) to get a visa to visit India. In 1998 she wrote Meyebela, My Bengali Girlhood, her biographical account from birth to adolescence. She never got a Bangladeshi passport to return to the country when her mother, and later her father, were on their deathbeds.

2004–2007, life in Kolkata

In 2004, she was granted a renewable temporary residential permit by India and moved to Kolkata in the state of West Bengal, which shares a common heritage and language with Bangladesh; in an interview in 2007, after she had been forced to flee, she called Kolkata her home. The government of India extended her visa to stay in the country on a periodic basis, though it refused to grant her Indian citizenship. While living in Kolkata, Nasrin regularly contributed to Indian newspapers and magazines, including Anandabazar Patrika and Desh, and, for some time, wrote a weekly column in the Bengali version of The Statesman.

Again her criticism of Islam was met with opposition from religious fundamentalists: in June 2006, Syed Noorur Rehaman Barkati, the imam of Kolkata's Tipu Sultan Mosque, admitted offering money to anyone who "blackened [that is, publicly humiliated] Ms Nasreen's face." Even abroad controversy followed: on the US Independence Day weekend in 2005, she criticized US foreign policy and tried to read her poem titled "America" to a large Bengali crowd at the North American Bengali Conference at Madison Square Garden in New York City, but was booed off the stage. Back in India, the "All India Muslim Personal Board (Jadeed)" offered 500,000 rupees for her beheading in March 2007. The group's president, Tauqeer Raza Khan, said the only way the bounty would be lifted was if Nasrin "apologises, burns her books and leaves."

In 2007, elected and serving members of All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen made threats against Taslima Nasreen, pledging that the fatwa against her and Salman Rushdie were to be abided by. While she was in Hyderabad releasing Telugu translations of her work, she was attacked by party members led by 3 MLAs- Mohammed Muqtada Khan, Mohammed Moazzam Khan and Syed Ahmed Pasha Quadri - were then charged and arrested.

Expulsion from Kolkata
On 9 August 2007, Nasrin was in Hyderabad to present the Telugu translation of one of her novels, Shodh, when she was allegedly attacked by a mob, led by legislators from the Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen, an Indian political party. A week later, on 17 August, Muslim leaders in Kolkata revived an old fatwa against her, urging her to leave the country and offering an unlimited amount of money to anybody who would kill her. On 21 November, Kolkata witnessed a protest against Nasrin. A protest organised by the "All India Minority Forum" caused chaos in the city and forced the army's deployment to restore order. After the riots, Nasrin was forced to move from Kolkata, her "adopted city," to Jaipur, and to New Delhi the following day.

The government of India kept Nasrin in an undisclosed location in New Delhi, effectively under house arrest, for more than seven months. In January 2008, she was selected for the Simone de Beauvoir award in recognition of her writing on women's rights, but declined to go to Paris to receive the award. She explained that "I don't want to leave India at this stage and would rather fight for my freedom here," but she had to be hospitalised for three days with several complaints. The house arrest quickly acquired an international dimension: in a letter to the London-based human rights organisation Amnesty International, India's former foreign secretary Muchkund Dubey urged the organisation to pressure the Indian government so Nasrin could safely return to Kolkata.

From New Delhi, Nasrin commented: "I'm writing a lot, but not about Islam, It's not my subject now. This is about politics. In the last three months I have been put under severe pressure to leave [West] Bengal by the police." In an email interview from the undisclosed safehouse, Nasrin talked about the stress caused by "this unendurable loneliness, this uncertainty and this deathly silence." She cancelled the publication of the sixth part of her autobiography Nei Kichu Nei ("No Entity"), and — under pressure — deleted some passages from Dwikhandito, the controversial book that was the boost for the riots in Kolkata. She was forced to leave India on 19 March 2008.

Nasrin moved to Sweden in 2008 and later worked as a research scholar at New York University. Since, as she claims, "her soul lived in India," she also pledged her body to the country, by awarding it for posthumous medical use to Gana Darpan, a Kolkata-based NGO, in 2005. She eventually returned to India, but was forced to stay in New Delhi as the West Bengal government refused to permit her entry.. Currently her visa received a one-year extension in 2016 and Nasreen is also seeking permanent residency in India but no decision has been taken on it by the Home Ministry

In 2015 Nasrin was threatened with death by Al Qaeda-linked extremists, and so the Center for Inquiry assisted her in travelling to the United States, where she now lives. The Center for Inquiry (CFI) that helped evacuate her to the U.S. on 27 May gave an official statement in June 2015 stating that her safety "is only temporary if she cannot remain in the U.S., however, which is why CFI has established an emergency fund to help with food, housing, and the means for her to be safely settled".

Literary works

Nasrin started writing poetry when she was thirteen. While still at college in Mymensingh, she published and edited a literary magazine, SeNjuti ("Light in the dark"), from 1978 to 1983. She published her first collection of poems in 1986. Her second collection, Nirbashito Bahire Ontore ("Banished within and without") was published in 1989. She succeeded in attracting a wider readership when she started writing columns in late 1980s, and, in the early 1990s, she began writing novels, for which she has won significant acclaim. In all, she has written more than thirty books of poetry, essays, novels, short stories, and memoirs, and her books have been translated into 20 different languages.

Her own experience of sexual abuse during adolescence and her work as a gynaecologist influenced her a great deal in writing about the treatment of women in Islam and against religion in general. Her writing is characterised by two connected elements: her struggle with the religion of her native culture, and her feminist philosophy. She cites Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir as influences, and, when pushed to think of one closer to home, Begum Rokeya, who lived during the time of undivided Bengal. Her later poetry also evidences a connection to place, to Bangladesh and India.

Columns and essays
In 1989 Nasrin began to contribute to the weekly political magazine Khaborer Kagoj, edited by Nayeemul Islam Khan, and published from Dhaka. Her feminist views and anti-religion remarks articles succeeded in drawing broad attention, and she shocked the religious and conservative society of Bangladesh by her radical comments and suggestions. Later she collected these columns in a volume titled Nirbachita Column, which in 1992 won her first Ananda Purashkar award, a prestigious award for Bengali writers. During her life in Kolkata, she contributed a weekly essay to the Bengali version of The Statesman, called Dainik Statesman. Taslima has always advocated for an Indian Uniform civil code, and said that criticism of Islam is the only way to establish secularism in Islamic countries. Taslima said that Triple talaq is despicable and the All India Muslim Personal Law Board should be abolished. Taslima used to write articles for online media venture The Print in India.

Novels
In 1992 Nasrin produced two novellas which failed to draw attention.

Her breakthrough novel Lajja (Shame) was published in 1993, and attracted wide attention because of its controversial subject matter. It contained the struggle of a patriotic Bangladeshi Hindu family in a Muslim environment. Initially written as a thin documentary, Lajja grew into a full-length novel as the author later revised it substantially. In six months' time, it sold 50,000 copies in Bangladesh before being banned by the government that same year.

Her other famous novel is French Lover, published in year 2002.

Autobiography
Amar Meyebela (My Girlhood, 2002), the first volume of her memoir, was banned by the Bangladeshi government in 1999 for "reckless comments" against Islam and the prophet Mohammad. Utal Hawa (Wild Wind), the second part of her memoir, was banned by the Bangladesh government in 2002. Ka (Speak up), the third part of her memoir, was banned by the Bangladeshi High Court in 2003. Under pressure from Indian Muslim activists, the book, which was published in West Bengal as Dwikhandita, was banned there also; some 3,000 copies were seized immediately. The decision to ban the book was criticized by "a host of authors" in West Bengal, but the ban was not lifted until 2005. Sei Sob Ondhokar (Those Dark Days), the fourth part of her memoir, was banned by the Bangladesh government in 2004.
To date, a total of seven parts of her autobiography have been published. "Ami bhalo nei tumi bhalo theko priyo desh", " Nei kichu nei" and "Nirbashito". All seven parts have been published by Peoples's Book Society, Kolkata.
She received her second Ananda Purashkar award in 2000, for her memoir Amar Meyebela (My Girlhood, published in English in 2002).

Nasrin's life and works in adaptation
Nasrin's life is the subject of a number of plays and songs, in the east and the west. The Swedish singer Magoria sang "Goddess in you, Taslima," and the French band Zebda composed "Don't worry, Taslima" as an homage.

Her work has been adapted for TV and even turned into music. Jhumur was a 2006 TV serial based on a story written especially for the show. Bengali singers like Fakir Alamgir, Samina Nabi, Rakhi Sen sang her songs. Steve Lacy, the jazz soprano saxophonist, met Nasrin in 1996 and collaborated with her on an adaptation of her poetry to music. The result, a "controversial" and "compelling" work called The Cry, was performed in Europe and North America. Initially, Nasrin was to recite during the performance, but these recitations were dropped after the 1996 Berlin world première because of security concerns.

Writers and intellectuals for and against Nasrin
Nasrin has been criticized by writers and intellectuals in both Bangladesh and West Bengal for targeted scandalisation. Because of "obnoxious, false and ludicrous" comments in Ka, "written with the 'intention to injure the reputation of the plaintiff'", Syed Shamsul Haq, Bangladeshi poet and novelist, filed a defamation suit against Nasrin in 2003. In the book, she mentions that Haq confessed to her that he had a relationship with his sister-in-law. A West Bengali poet, Hasmat Jalal, did the same; his suit led to the High Court banning the book, which was published in India as Dwikhondito. Nearly 4 million dollars were claimed in defamation lawsuits against her after the book was published. The West Bengal Government, supposedly pressured by 24 literary intellectuals, decided to ban Nasrin's book in 2003. Nasrin replied that she wrote about known people without their permission when some commented that she did it to earn fame. She defended herself against all the allegations. She wrote why she dared to reveal her sexual activities, saying that she wrote her life's story, not others'. Yet Nasrin enjoyed support from Bengali writers and intellectuals like Annada Shankar Ray, Sibnarayan Ray and Amlan Dutta.

Recently she was supported and defended by personalities such as author Mahasweta Devi, theatre director Bibhas Chakrabarty, poet Joy Goswami, artist Prakash Karmakar and Paritosh Sen. In India, noted writers Arundhati Roy, Girish Karnad, and others defended her when she was under house arrest in Delhi in 2007, and co-signed a statement calling on the Indian government to grant her permanent residency in India or, should she ask for it, citizenship. In Bangladesh writer and philosopher Kabir Chowdhury also supported her strongly.

Twitter
When Sri Lanka banned the burqa in 2019, Nasrin took to Twitter to show her support for the decision. She described the burqa as a 'mobile prison', a comment which was reported on by journalists.

In a 2019 tweet, she stated on Twitter that "Men and women who have bad genes with genetic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer etc should not produce children. They have no right to make others suffer." Some commentators cited this as support for eugenics. Nasrin has denied this, stating that she is not a supporter of eugenics, and that her comment was not serious, and had been taken out of context.

Other activities
 Reporters Without Borders (RWB), Member of the Emeritus Board.

Awards
Taslima Nasrin has received international awards in recognition of her contribution towards the cause of freedom of expression. Awards and honors conferred on her include the following:
 Ananda Award or Ananda Puraskar from West Bengal, India in 1992 and 2000 for "Nirbachita Kolam" and "Amar Meyebela"
 Sakharov Prize for freedom of thoughts from European Parliament, in 1994
 Simone de Beauvoir Prize in 2008
 Human Rights Award from the Government of France, 1994
 Edict of Nantes Prize from France, 1994
 Kurt Tucholsky Prize, Swedish PEN, Sweden, 1994
 Feminist of the Year from Feminist Majority Foundation, US, 1994
 Scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service, Germany, 1995
 Honorary Doctorate from Ghent University, Belgium, 1995 Overzicht eredoctoraten
 Distinguished Humanist Award from International Humanist and Ethical Union, Great Britain, 1996
 Erwin Fischer Award, International League of non-religious and atheists (IBKA), Germany, 2002
 Freethought Heroine Award, Freedom From Religion Foundation, US, 2002
 Fellowship at Carr Centre for Human Rights Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, US, 2003
 UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the promotion of tolerance and non-violence, 2004
 Honorary doctorate from American University of Paris, 2005
 Grand Prix International Condorcet-Aron, 2005
 Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, US, 2009
 Feminist Press award, US, 2009
 Honorary doctorate from Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, 2011
 Honorary citizenship from Esch, Luxembourg, 2011
 Honorary citizenship from Metz, France, 2011
 Honorary citizenship from Thionville, France, 2011
 Honorary doctorate from Paris Diderot University, Paris, France, 2011
 Universal Citizenship Passport. From Paris, France, 2013
 Academy Award from the Royal Academy of Arts, Science and Literature, Belgium, 2013
Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society

Bibliography

Poetry
 Shikore Bipul Khudha (Hunger in the Roots), 1982
 Nirbashito Bahire Ontore (Banished Without and Within), 1989
 Amar Kichu Jay Ashe Ne (I Couldn't Care Less), 1990
 Atole Ontorin (Captive in the Abyss), 1991
 Balikar Gollachut (Game of the Girls), 1992
 Behula Eka Bhashiyechilo Bhela (Behula Floated the Raft Alone), 1993
 Ay Kosto Jhepe, Jibon Debo Mepe (Pain Come Roaring Down, I'll Measure Out My Life for You), 1994
 Nirbashito Narir Kobita (Poems From Exile), 1996
 Jolpodyo (Waterlilies), 2000
 Khali Khali Lage (Feeling Empty), 2004
 Kicchukhan Thako (Stay for a While), 2005
 Bhalobaso? Cchai baso (It's your love! or a heap of trash!), 2007
 Bondini (Prisoner), 2008
 Golpo (stories), 2018

Essay collections
 Nirbachito Column (Selected Columns), 1990
 Jabo na keno? jabo (I will go; why won't I?), 1991
 Noshto meyer noshto goddo (Fallen prose of a fallen girl), 1992
 ChoTo choTo dukkho kotha (Tale of trivial sorrows), 1994
 Narir Kono Desh Nei (Women have no country), 2007
 Nishiddho (Forbidden), 2014
 Taslima Nasreener Godyo Podyo (Taslima Nasreen's prose and poetry), 2015
 Amar protibader bhasha (Language of my protest), 2016
 Sakal Griho Haralo Jar (A poet who lost everything), 2017
 Bhabnaguli (My thoughts), 2018
 Bhinnomot (Different opinions), 2019

Novels
 Oporpokkho (The Opponent), 1992.
 Shodh, 1992. . Trans. in English as Getting Even.
 Nimontron (Invitation), 1993.
 Phera (Return), 1993.
 Lajja, 1993. . Trans. in English as Shame.
 Bhromor Koio Gia (Tell Him The Secret), 1994.
 Forashi Premik (French Lover), 2002.
 Brahmaputrer pare (At the bank of Brahmaputra river), 2013
 Beshorom (Shameless), 2019

Short stories
 Dukkhoboty Meye (Sad girls), 1994
 Minu, 2007

Autobiography
 Amar Meyebela (My girlhood), 1997
 Utal Hawa (Wild Wind), 2002
 Ka (Speak Up), 2003; published in West Bengal as Dwikhandito (Split-up in Two), 2003
 Sei Sob Andhokar (Those Dark Days), 2004
 Ami Bhalo Nei, Tumi Bhalo Theko Priyo Desh ("I am not okay, but you stay well my beloved homeland"), 2006.
 Nei, Kichu Nei (Nothing is there), 2010
 Nirbasan (Exile), 2012

Titles in English
 Split
 Exile
 French Lover

  Trans. of Lajja.

  Trans. of Meyebela

Secondary works

 Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (July 2016), "Nasrin Gone Global: A Critique of Taslima Nasrin's Criticism of Islam and Her Feminist Strategy." South Asia Research. 36(2): 167–185. Nasrin Gone Global: A Critique of Taslima Nasrin's Criticism of Islam and Her Feminist Strategy

See also

 List of fatwas
 List of former Muslims
 Women in muslim societies
 The Cry (Steve Lacy album)

Notes

References

External links

 Women's untold stories: Michael Deibert interviews with Taslima Nasrin
 For freedom of expression by Taslima Nasrin

1962 births
Living people
20th-century Bengali poets
20th-century atheists
20th-century essayists
20th-century Bangladeshi women writers
21st-century Bangladeshi poets
21st-century Bengali poets
21st-century atheists
21st-century essayists
21st-century Bangladeshi women writers
Atheism activists
Atheist feminists
Attacks on secularists in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi atheists
Bangladeshi essayists
Bangladeshi exiles
Bangladeshi expatriates in India
Bangladeshi feminists
Bangladeshi former Muslims
Bangladeshi humanists
Bangladeshi memoirists
Bangladeshi secularists
Bangladeshi women essayists
Bangladeshi women novelists
Bangladeshi women poets
Bangladeshi writers
Bengali female poets
Bengali writers
Critics of Islam
Critics of creationism
Fatwas
Female critics of feminism
Former Muslim critics of Islam
Former Muslims turned agnostics or atheists
People from Mymensingh District
Secular humanists
Bangladeshi gynecologists
Sakharov Prize laureates

Taslima Nasrin


Bíggjar kommuna var en kommune på Færøerne. Den blev udskilt fra Vága kommuna i 1915, omfattede Bøur og Gásadalur, og dækkede et areal på 35 km². Kommunen blev indlemmet i Sørvágs kommuna i 2005. Bíggjar kommuna havde ved indlemmelsen 84 indbyggere.

Noter

Færøernes historie
Vágar

Bíggjar kommuna


El mecanizado multieje es un proceso de mecanizado donde herramientas controladas por un ordenador de control numérico se mueven con 4 o más grados de libertad para producir piezas de metal u otros materiales por medio de fresado, corte con chorro de agua o corte con láser.

Generalidades

Las herramientas típicas de CNC son capaces de realizar traslaciones a lo largo de 3 ejes; las máquinas multieje también son capaces de realizar rotaciones alrededor de uno o de múltiples ejes.

Actualmente hay una gran cantidad de sistemas de software CAM (fabricación asistida por computadora) capaces de soportar mecanizado multieje, incluyendo software que puede automáticamente convertir recorridos de herramienta en 3 ejes a recorridos en 5 ejes.

Las máquinas multieje ofrecen varias mejoras sobre otras herramientas CNC con el coste de la complejidad añadida y por supuesto el precio de la máquina:
 La cantidad de trabajo disminuye si la pieza, en otro proceso alternativo, tuviera que ser girada o recolocada manualmente a lo largo del mecanizado.
 Puede ser obtenido un mejor acabado superficial a través de movimientos tangenciales de la herramienta durante el mecanizado.
 Piezas más complejas pueden ser fabricadas, en particular aquellas que tengan agujeros o mecanizados en curva.

El número de ejes para las máquinas multieje varía de 4 a 9.
Cada eje de movimiento es llevado a cabo tanto a través de movimientos del soporte de la pieza como a través del movimiento de la herramienta. Puesto que la configuración de ejes puede variar, un mismo número de ellos en máquinas diferentes no asegura que los movimientos a realizar para llevar a cabo la operación sean los mismos.

Configuraciones
Aunque el mecanizado multieje engloba otras operaciones además del fresado, las fresadoras son las máquinas herramientas multieje más extendidas, de ahí que las tipologías generales estén fuertemente influidas por su configuración.
Pueden llegar a existir un gran número de posibilidades diferentes de combinación de ejes y movimientos, pero lo cierto es que las configuraciones generales se pueden resumir en 4 grandes grupos:
 Mesa/Mesa (Table/Table)
Todos los movimientos de rotación –excepto los del huso de la herramienta- son llevados a cabo por las mesas. La mesa rotatoria principal lleva sobre ella otra más pequeña, con un movimiento de rotación independiente con respecto a la primera.
En este tipo de fresadoras la pieza presenta la posibilidad de ser movida con respecto a la herramienta de forma independiente; en general este es el tipo más simple y extendido de plataforma multieje, ya que es fácilmente obtenible mediante el añadido de las mesas rotatorias a una máquina herramienta de 3 ejes lineales convencional.

 Cabezal/Mesa (Head/Table)
Además de una mesa rotatoria, estas máquinas tienen un cabezal basculante. De los tres grupos es posiblemente el más versátil por su capacidad para mecanizar piezas grandes y pesadas.
El cabezal basculante es el que lleva el peso de la herramienta y el que debe, por tanto, poder soportar las presiones y fuerzas de corte propias de cada proceso.

 Cabezal/Cabezal (Head/Head)
Se prescinde del movimiento en la mesa y es el cabezal el que realiza todas las rotaciones, consiguiendo así una completa orientación de la herramienta. Aunque pueden llegar a lograr complejas operaciones, su movimiento está limitado. Algunas de ellas no sólo son capaces de cambiar herramientas, sino el cabezal completo, lo que puede lograr mayor versatilidad.

 De más de 5 ejes
Se citan máquinas que pueden alcanzar hasta 100 ejes, si se da como válida la definición de una sola máquina a una integración de subsistemas. Independientemente de cuestiones numéricas, merece especial mención la existencia y preparación de brazos robóticos como sistemas multieje.
De forma general puede ser relativamente simple preparar a un brazo robótico para una operación repetitiva de mecanizado, ya que del mismo modo que las máquinas herramientas, puede dar especificaciones de tolerancia y velocidad de operación muy altas, además de contar con paquetes de software y control específicos para la realización de movimientos y operaciones.
Ejemplos de este tipo de configuración pueden encontrarse fácilmente en la red para diferentes aplicaciones.

Software

En la actualidad las soluciones CAD/CAM permiten la integración en el proceso de diseño de un estudio rápido de posibilidades de fabricación, así como una programación real de operaciones en la máquina herramienta.
Otras soluciones disponibles van dirigidas a la generación de código de manera más independiente, pero en todo caso con la posibilidad de incluir la información del modelo 3D, que el software se encarga de traducir en operaciones de mecanizado de manera automática.
Aunque el software se encarga de la mayor parte del trabajo, es requerido un supervisor humano que revise la definición de movimientos y operaciones para comprobar que el programa tiene todos los parámetros en cuenta; esto se realiza mediante la visualización de una simulación de las operaciones, en las que un supervisor entrenado es capaz de prever los problemas que el software no sea capaz de detectar. En cualquier caso, la adición al proceso de la definición de movimientos automática, se traduce en una dramática reducción de tiempo de preparación e ingeniería.
El precio para todas estas soluciones oscila, pudiendo llegar a las decenas de miles de USD, en soluciones que parecen sólo disponibles para iniciativas empresariales.
Existe al menos una versión en código GPL que aunque no funciona de manera directa con programas de diseño de sólidos, sí es capaz de programar operaciones en caso de que el modelo esté dado en formatos tales como el generado por el programa 3D Studio Max y Gmax.

Algunas aplicaciones
Una característica propia de estos sistemas es la versatilidad, lo que posibilita su integración en casi cualquier actividad de fabricación. Se destacan 5, de las cuales las 4 primeras son puramente profesionales.
 Industria del automóvil
Aunque hay más utilidades del mecanizado multieje, hay dos tipos principales de uso en la industria del automóvil: el orientado al prototipado rápido de piezas y el de corte con láser de planchas, ya sea en la etapas previas de proveedores o en la propia cadena de producción.
 Industria aeronáutica
Las formas, tolerancias y requerimientos generales de fabricación para la industria aeronáutica han sido los principales impulsores del desarrollo de este tipo de tecnología de fabricación.
Aún antes de la aparición del control numérico como tal, se empezó a desarrollar el mecanizado multieje. Existen referencias de proyectos para la Fuerza Aérea de los Estados Unidos en los años 50.
En la actualidad existen numerosos tipos de máquinas multieje aplicadas al sector aeronáutico. Para el mecanizado más "tradicional" los modelos de mesa/cabezal están ampliamente extendidos.
Para mecanizados más problemáticos, las soluciones cabezal/cabezal son la única solución posible, al lograr mecanizando de forma simétrica no producir desequilibrios en la pieza.
Para mecanizados grandes o de fabricación de moldes para material compuesto, se opta por soluciones del tipo "gantry" o puente grúa, al final del cual existe típicamente un cabezal orientable capaz de efectuar el mecanizado de las geometrías requeridas.
 Fabricación naval
La fabricación de moldes para material compuesto es una aplicación extendida de uso en la industria naval.
Quizás la más típica sea el problema más intuitivo a resolver por este tipo de tecnología de fabricación: el mecanizado de hélices impulsoras.
 Arte/Cine
Las posibilidades de rapidez de fabricación y fácil realización de lo que en principio son geometrías complejas del mecanizado multieje, pueden ser utilizadas en multitud de espacios no industriales. La industria cinematográfica es un buen ejemplo, al ofrecer la posibilidad de superar la barrera del precio de adquisición y explotación de estos sistemas
Conviene observar que el tipo de máquinas que son requeridas para este tipo de aplicaciones son las de tipo brazo robótico, si bien existen compañías que también usan otros tipos de configuraciones
 DIY
Por último cabe destacar que existen iniciativas del tipo DIY para poder desarrollar de forma personal o para pequeñas empresas soluciones de mecanizado mutieje propias.

Véase también
 Máquina herramienta
 Fresadora
 Control numérico
 Robot industrial

Referencias

Máquinas herramienta
Fabricación asistida por computadora

Mecanizado multieje


KJBZ es una estación de radio localizada en Laredo (Texas). Es más conocida como Z93. Emite música tejana para los radio escuchas de Laredo y Nuevo Laredo.

Referencias

FKHOY
FKHOY

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