This article provides a summary of results for Canadian general elections (where all seats are contested) to the House of Commons, the elected lower half of Canada's federal bicameral legislative body, the Parliament of Canada. The number of seats has increased steadily over time, from 180 for the first election to the current total of 338. The current federal government structure was established in 1867 by the Constitution Act.

For federal by-elections (for one or a few seats as a result of retirement, etc.) see List of federal by-elections in Canada. For the eight general elections of the Province of Canada held in 1843 to 1864 before confederation in 1867, see List of elections in the Province of Canada. There were also earlier elections in Canada, such as for the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada (held in 1792–1836, now part of Ontario) and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada (held in 1792–1834, now part of Quebec).

Two political parties have dominated politics in Canada: the Liberal Party and the historic Conservative party (known as the Progressive Conservative Party from 1942 to 2003). If one regards the modern Conservative Party as the successor to the historic one, then these are the only two parties to have formed a government, although often as the lead party in a minority or coalition government with one or more smaller parties (the 1917 win was by a pro-conscription Unionist coalition of former Liberals and Conservatives).

Although government has primarily been a two-party system, Canadian federal politics has been a multi-party affair since the 1920s, during which there was significant parliamentary presence of the Progressive Party and the United Farmers movement. They were supplanted by the Social Credit Party and the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in the 1930s. The CCF evolved into the New Democratic Party (NDP) in 1961. The Social Credit Party and the CCF/NDP won the third and fourth most seats between them from the 1930s, until the Social Credit Party failed to win any seats in the 1980 election.

Since 1980, the NDP has remained a presence in the Canadian parliament, but the situation amongst other non-government parties has been more complex. The Progressive Conservative Party never recovered from its spectacular defeat in the 1993 election (when it went from being the majority government with 169 seats, to just two seats and the loss of official party status). Right-wing politics has since seen the rise and fall of the Reform Party and the Canadian Alliance, followed by the rise to government of the new Conservative Party. Further, in 1993 the separatist Bloc Québécois won seats for the first time. It has been a constant presence in parliament since then.

Summary of results

The third, fourth, and fifth parties' results are included in "Other" if the party did not win at least four seats in an election at some point in its history. Results for parties placing sixth or lower (as in the 1926 election) are also included in "Other", as are Independent seats.

Notes

Further reading
  – covers 1878, 1896, 1911, 1917, 1926, 1945, 1957, 1968, 1988, 1995 and 2004

Graphs of results

Bar graph of seats from 1867 to 2021

Line graph of votes

See also

2021 Canadian federal election
Elections in Canada
List of elections in the Province of Canada (pre-Confederation)
List of federal by-elections in Canada
List of political parties in Canada
Voter turnout in Canada

References

Federal

List of Canadian federal general elections


Kısa dönem mikroekonomide ve makroekonomide farklı anlamlar ifade etmektedir. Mikroekonomik anlamda üretici bir firma açısından kısa dönem üretim faktörlerinden yani girdilerinden en az birinin sabit olduğu, diğerlerinin değiştirilebileceği uzunluktaki üretim periyodudur. Bu periyotta sabit faktör genellikle sermaye olurken, değişken faktör de emektir. Makroekonomik anlamda kısa dönem, ekonomik aktörlerin enflasyon eğilimlerine ve bütçe açıklarına müdahale edebileceği uzunluktaki zaman periyodudur.

Üretim ekonomisi

Kısa Dönem


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Referințe

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තාරකා විද්‍යාවේදී, නිල් යෝධ තරුවක් යනු තරු වර්ගීකරණයේ O හෝ B (නිල් පැහැති) ආකාරයේ සහ දීප්තතාව III වන පංතියේ (යෝධ තරු) වන තරුවකි. මේවායේ ඉහළ දීප්තතාව සහ තරු වර්ගීකරණයේ මුල්ම තරු හේතුවෙන් සම්මත හ'ට්ස්ප්‍රන්ග් - රසල් ප්‍රස්ථාරයේ වම්පස ඉහළ මෙම තරු සටහන් කරණු ලැබේ.

නිල් යෝධ තරුවක්, එහි න්‍යෂ්ඨියේ හයිඩ්‍රජන් දහනය අවසන් වූ ප්‍රධාන ධාරාවෙන් ඉවත් වූ තරුවක් ලෙස සැලකිය හැකියි. මේවායේ මතුපිට උෂ්ණත්වය සාමාන්‍යයෙන් 30 000K පමණ වන අතර දීප්තතාව අප හිරු මෙන් 1000 ගුණයක් පමණ වේ. මෙම තරු වයස්ගතවෙත්ම තව තවත් ප්‍රසාරණය වන අතර උෂ්ණත්වය ක්‍රමයෙන් පහත වැටේ. ඉන්පසු සමහර තරු ක්‍රමයෙන් රතු යෝධ තරුවක් බවට පත්වේ.

නිල් යෝධ තරු ඉතාමත් දීප්තිමත් වන අතර නිරපේක්‍ෂ විශාලත්වය -5, -6 අගයන්ට ළඟා වන අතර සමහර විට ඊටත් වැඩි වේ.  මේවයේ මතුපිට උෂ්ණත්වය ඉතා ඉහළ අගයක් ගන්නා අතර (20 000K හෝ ඊට වැඩි), සැලකිය යුතු ශක්ති ප්‍රමාණයක් අප ඇසට නොපෙනෙන පාරජම්බූල කිරණ ලෙස පිට කරයි.

බොහෝ නිල් යෝධ තරු, තරු වර්ගීකරණයට අනුව O - B වල සුසංයෝගයක් ලෙස පවතී. එම තරු වල උෂ්ණත්වයේ අධිකත්වය සහ ඉහළ ඝණත්වයක් නැති බව නිසා ඉතා කෙටි ආයු කාලයක් ඇතැයි අපේක්‍ෂා කරණු ලැබේ (අවුරුදු මිලියන 10 - 100ක් පමණ). වර්තමානයේ භාවිතා වන න්‍යායන්ට අනුව මෙම තරු සුපර්නෝවා(අතිනවතාරා) පිපිරීමකින් සිය ජීවිතය කෙළවර කරගනු ඇතැයි අනුමාන කෙරේ.

නිල් යෝධ තරු යන යෙදුම නිවැරදි නොවන යෙදුමකි. සාමාන්‍යයෙන් "යෝධ" යන යෙදුම යෙදෙන්නේ තරුවක පරිණාමයේ උසස් අවධියක් වන න්‍යෂ්ඨියේ හයිඩ්‍රජන් වෙනුවට හීලියම් දහනය වන අවධියටයි (බලන්න රතු යෝධ තරු). සත්‍ය වශයෙන් නිල් යෝධ තරු යනුවෙන් දෙයක් නොපවතියි. උදාහරණයක් වශයෙන් බෙල'ට්‍රික්ස් (B2III) තරුව වැනි තරු මධ්‍යම වයසේ පසුවන විශාල තරු වේ. මේවා දීප්තිමත් යෝධ තරු (II පංතිය)වීමේ ක්‍රියාවලියේ නිරතව සිටිත්. නමුත් ස්ථාවර රතු යෝධ තරු වන ආක්ටෝරස් (K1III) වැනි තරු වලින් සහමුලින්ම වෙනස්ය.

මෙම මධ්‍යම වයසේ විශාල නිල් යෝධ තරු සංක්‍රාන්ති අවස්ථාවක් නියෝජනය කරයි. එනම් දීප්තිමත් යෝධ තරුවක් (සහ ඊළඟට ග්‍රහලෝකාකාර නෙබියුලාවක් වී ඉන් පසු සුදු වාමනයෙක්) බවට හෝ සුපිරි යෝධ තරුවක් (ඊළඟට සුපර්නෝවා පිපිරීමකින් හෝ දුලබ ඔක්සිජන්-නියොන් සුදු වාමනයෙක්) බවට හෝ පත්වීමට යන තරුවක් ලෙසින් නිල් යෝධ තරු හැඳින්විය හැකිය. කිසිඳු තරුවක් නිල් යෝධ තරුවක් ලෙසින් දිගු කලක් නොපවතියි. අප සූර්යාගේ මීට සමාන අවස්ථාව වනුයේ උප යෝධ (subgiant) (IV පන්තිය) අවස්ථාවයි. එනම් හයිඩ්‍රජන් දහනය ක්‍රමානුකූලව අඩු වී යන කාලයයි. තවමත් හීලියම් දහනය ඇරඹී නැත.

මෙම නිල් යෝධ තරු වල මතුපිට උෂ්ණත්වය 20 000 - 50 000 K දක්වා වන අතර අප හිරු මෙන් 25 ගුණයක් පමණ විශාල වේ. මෙම තරු සුවිසල් වීම සහ අධික උෂ්ණත්වයකින් යුතු වීම නිසාම ඉන්ධන ඉක්මනින් දහනය වී අවසන් වේ. අප හිරු වැනි තරුවක් අවුරුදු බිලියන 12ක් පමණ කල් පවතිද්දී නිල් යෝධ අවස්ථාවට පත්වන තරුවක ආයු කාලය මිලියන කිහිපයක් පමණක් වේ. ඉතා විශාල තරු නියුට්‍රෝන තරු හෝ කළු කුහර බවට පත් වෙද්දී කුඩා තරු කිසියම් දවසක වාෂ්ප වී යනු ඇත.

අතීතයේ විසූ තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයන් ස්පයිකා වැනි හයිඩ්‍රජන් දහනය කරන වාමන තරු, හත්දින්නත් තරු පොකුර වැනි ඒවා අධික දීප්තිය නිසා නිල් යෝධ තරු ලෙස නම් කරන ලදී.

නිල් යෝධ තරු, රීගල්  හෝ රෙගියුලස් (සාමාන්‍ය ලෙස හයිඩ්‍රජන් දහනය කරන O හෝ B පන්තියේ තරුවකි) වැනි නිල් සුපිරි යෝධ තරු සමඟ පටලවා නොගත යුතුය.

යොමුව
Universe Today
Encyclopedia.com, 11 July 2009

වැඩිදුර
Blue supergiant
Giant star

තාරකා වර්ග
Stellar phenomena

තාරකා විද්‍යාව
තාරකා විද්‍යාව

නිල් යෝධ තරු


An Stenospermation andreanum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Adolf Engler. An Stenospermation andreanum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stenospermation, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Stenospermation

Stenospermation andreanum


Horst Gernhardt (* 17. November 1923; † 21. Oktober 1994) war ein deutscher Fußballspieler.

Der durch eine Kriegsverletzung auf einem Auge blinde Stürmer wechselte 1947 vom VfL 06 Saalfeld zu Werder Bremen. In der Oberliga Nord erzielte Horst Gernhardt bis 1953 in 136 Spielen 76 Tore. Zur Saison 1953/54 wechselte Gernhardt zum SSV Reutlingen 05, der damals in der II. Division spielte. In seiner ersten Saison mit dem SSV gelang ihm der Aufstieg in die Oberliga Süd. In der Oberligasaison 1954/55 wurde Horst Gernhardt dort mit den Reutlingern Vizemeister. Damit hatten sich Gernhardts Reutlinger die Teilnahme an der Qualifikationsrunde der Endrunde um die deutsche Meisterschaft 1955 gesichert. Horst Gernhardt wurde in dieser Qualifikationsrunde bei der 0:3-Niederlage seiner Mannschaft gegen den SV Sodingen ebenso wie bei der anschließenden 1:2-Niederlage des SSV Reutlingen gegen Wormatia Worms eingesetzt. In der anschließenden Oberligaspielzeit stieg Horst Gernhardt mit dem SSV Reutlingen in die II. Division ab. Dort gelang Gernhardt mit dem SSV Reutlingen in der Spielzeit 1956/57 der direkte Wiederaufstieg. Am 18. Spieltag der Oberligasaison 1957/58 am 14. Dezember 1957 gegen den BC Augsburg vertrat er für wenige Spielminuten den Reutlinger Stammtorhüter Karl Bögelein. Nachdem er innerhalb von zwei Minuten zwei Gegentore durch den Augsburger Ulrich Biesinger hinnehmen musste, überließ er für den weiteren Spielverlauf jedoch seinem Mitspieler Kurt Vaas die Position des Torhüters. Wegen eines Kreuzbandrisses beendete Horst Gernhardt 1961 seine Spielerkarriere. Für den SSV Reutlingen war Gernhardt in insgesamt 105 Oberligaspielen im Einsatz, in denen er 18 Treffer erzielte.

Drei Wochen vor seinem 71. Geburtstag erlag Gernhardt einem Herzinfarkt.

Literatur
 Hardy Grüne, Lorenz Knieriem: Enzyklopädie des deutschen Ligafußballs. Band 8: Spielerlexikon 1890–1963. Agon-Sportverlag, Kassel 2006, ISBN 3-89784-148-7.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (Werder Bremen)
Fußballspieler (SSV Reutlingen 05)
Deutscher
Geboren 1923
Gestorben 1994
Mann

Horst Gernhardt


LEN Liga prvaka  (eng. LEN Champions League) za 2016./17. je pedeset i četvrto izdanje elitnog europskog vaterpolskog natjecanja. Naslov pobjednika branio je Jug iz Dubrovnika.  Natjecanje je započelo prvim kvalifikacijskim turnirima 30. rujna 2016., a završni turnir je održan od 25. do 27. svibnja 2017. u Budimpešti.

Szolnok iz Mađarske osvojio je svoj prvi naslov prvaka Europe u povijesti, u završnici iznenađujuće razbivši dubrovački Jug pet razlike. Sezonu je pobjednički klub odigrao u sastavu: Viktor Nagy, Gábor Kis, Dénes Varga, Márton Vámos, Bence Fülöp, Zoltán Hangay, Dávid Jansik, Tamás Mezei, Gergely Kardos, Kristóf Szatmári, Andrija Prlainović, Milan Aleksić, Živko Gocić, Aaron Younger i Ugo Crousillat. Trener je bio Sándor Cseh.

Sudionici

Sudionici glavne runde

 - izravno kvalificirani u glavnu rundu
 - sudionici glavne runde prolaskom kvalifikacija

Eliminirani u kvalifikacijama

 - nastavili natjecanje u LEN Eurokupu

Kvalifikacije

Prvi krug
Igrano kroz četiri turnira održana od 30. rujna do 2. listopada 2016. Po dva najbolje plasirana iz svake skupine stječu pravo nastupa u drugom krugu kvalifikacija.
 - prošli u drugi krug kvalifikacija

Drugi krug
Igrano kroz čeiri turnira koji su na rasporedu od 14. do 16. listopada 2016. Prve dvije momčadi iz svake skupine prolaze u treći krug kvalifikacija.
 - prošli u treći krug kvalifikacija

Treći krug
Utakmice trećeg kruga kvalifikacija su na rasporedu 26. listopada i 9. studenog 2016. Pobjednici susreta se plasiraju u Glavnu rundu Lige prvaka, dok poraženi nastavljaju natjecanje u Eurokupu.

Glavna runda
Utakmice glavne runde su na rasporedu od 30. studenog 2016. do 26. travnja 2017.
  - poluzavršnica završnog turnira
  - četvrtzavršnica završnog turnira

Skupina A

Skupina B

Završni turnir

Povezani članci
 LEN Euro Cup 2016./17.
 LEN Liga prvaka 2016./17., rezultati i raspored
 Ligue Européenne de Natation

Izvori
 LEN Champions League 2016./17., ljestvice skupina
 LEN Champions League 2016./17., rezultati
 LEN Champions League 2016./17., sastavi momčadi

2016-17

LEN Liga prvaka 2016./17.


Centroplacus, biljni rod koji s vrstom C. glaucinus čini dio porodice Centroplacaceae unutar reda Malpighiales. Raširena je po zapadnoj tropskoj africi: Gabon, Kongo, Kamerun i Ekvatorijalna Gvineja. Fanerofit, naraste do 20 metara visine, muška i ženska stabla.

Lokalno se koristi u medicinske svrhe.

Izvori

Malpigijolike

Centroplacus


In the United States, FFA competitions are judging contests (otherwise known as Career Development Events) organized by the U.S. National FFA Organization, in which High School students compete based on their knowledge of a particular subject, usually for their school teams. The contests are organized by FFA advisors and local experts. The competitions determine which team and individuals have the best aptitude for evaluating a particular animal or item as compared to an "official". The official placings and answers are set by an expert in the discipline. Officials are often from agricultural universities or USDA employees.

Types of competition
One of the most common types of competition is Livestock judging, in which teams of four students judge a series of classes (usually of four animals each) and rank them based on criteria to choose the most superior animal (e.g. muscling, conformation). In Livestock judging, students only judge cattle, pigs and lambs; classes consist of animals from across the region. An element of the contest is the reasons that students give to justify their choices, delivered in a short persuasive speech in which the contestant explains their evaluation of the animals to an official for a score (0-50).

Another common competition is Horse judging, which is similar to livestock, but for horses. Competitors evaluate the animals based on criteria such as conformation, gait, and muscling, again giving reasons.

Meat judging consists of teams of four students judging pork, beef and lamb, and is based on several contest areas, including class placing (four similar cuts or carcasses of meat evaluated on muscle, fat and bone), identification (correctly identifying the type of cut and where it came from on the animal) and carcass grading (determining the quality and yield grading of a beef carcass).

Each state has statewide competitions each year in which students compete for the state title in each contest area. The state winners can go on to compete in national competitions, some of which are held at the National FFA convention.

Other contest areas include: Agricultural Mechanics, Agronomy, Wool, Land, Homesite, Pasture & Range, Horticulture, Wildlife, Floriculture, Farm Business Management, Landscape Design, Crops, Entomology, Dairy Foods, Poultry Judging, Vet Science, Food Science and Forestry

In popular culture
In the 2004 comedy film, Napoleon Dynamite, the title character tastes defects in milk while competing in a Dairy Competition.

References

Competitions

FFA competitions


Bei der Badminton-Mannschaftseuropameisterschaft 2012 wurden die europäischen Mannschaftstitelträger bei den Damen- und Herrenteams ermittelt. Die Titelkämpfe fanden vom 14. bis zum 19. Februar 2012 in Amsterdam statt. Die Meisterschaft war gleichzeitig Qualifikationsturnier für den Thomas Cup 2012 und den Uber Cup 2012. Europameister wurden bei den Herren Dänemark und bei den Damen Deutschland.

Männer

Gruppe 1

Gruppe 2

Gruppe 3

Gruppe 4

Gruppe 5

Gruppe 6

Gruppe 7

Gruppe 8

Finalrunde

Viertelfinale

Halbfinale

Spiel um Platz 3

Finale

Endstand

Damen

Gruppe 1

Gruppe 2

Gruppe 3

Gruppe 4

Gruppe 5

Gruppe 6

Gruppe 7

Gruppe 8

Finalrunde

Viertelfinale

Halbfinale

Spiel um Platz 3

Finale

Endstand

Weblinks
 http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=BFDA7FA7-1EF4-42BA-BD15-D181379042FA

Mannschaftseuropameisterschaft 2012
Mannschaftseuropameisterschaft 2012
Badmintonwettbewerb in Amsterdam


An Syngonanthus caulescens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Jean Louis Marie Poiret, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Wilhelm Willy Otto Eugen Ruhland. An Syngonanthus caulescens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Syngonanthus, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 S. c. angustifolius
 S. c. caulescens
 S. c. discretifolius
 S. c. hatschbachii
 S. c. proliferus

Mga kasarigan

Syngonanthus

Syngonanthus caulescens


محافظة خباش هي إحدى محافظات منطقة نجران جنوب السعودية، وعاصمتها الإدارية مدينة خباش.

السكان
يبلغ عدد سكان محافظة خباش حوالي 22,133 نسمة.

المصادر

أماكن مأهولة في منطقة نجران
محافظات السعودية
محافظات منطقة نجران

محافظة خباش


Çandık, Adana ilinin Kozan ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Çandık mahallesi, adını 16. yüzyılda Halep bölgesindeki Aydoğmuşlu Avşarları'nın bir obası olan Çandık cemaatinden almıştır. Çandık Avşarları, anılan yüzyılda Sis bölgesinde (Adana'nın Kozan ilçesi) bulunuyorlardı. Çandık mahallesi, bu Oğuz Avşar Türkmenlerinin kurduğu bir mahalledir. Ayrıca zamanında Cezayir Araplarının Fransız zulmünden kaçarak Adana'ya ve civar yerleşim yerlerine göç ettikleri de bilinmektedir. Özellikle Çandık mahallesine yerleşimleri söz konusu olmuştur. Çandıklar'ın bir bölümü daha sonraki dönemlerde bulundukları bölgeden ayrılıp başka yerlere göç etmişlerdir. Mesela Kayseri merkezde (bir dönemin ünlü politikacısı Mehmet Yazar bu ailedendi), Tarsus'ta, Antep-Araban ve Elazığ-Keban ilçesinde Çandıklar'a rastlanır.

Coğrafya

Adana iline 75 km, Kozan ilçesine 7 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kozan'ın mahalleleri

Çandık, Kozan


Velika loža Croatia, skraćeno VLC, bila jedna je od slobodnozidarskih velikih loža u Hrvatskoj koje pripadaju kontinentalnom slobodnom zidarstvu. Osnovana je 2017. godine pod okriljem Velikim orijentom Hrvatske te iz njega istuplia nakon nekoliko mjeseci da bi od siječnja 2021. godine sve njene lože pristupile redu Le Droit Humain u Hrvatskoj.

Povijest
Ova velika loža je osnovana 5. rujna 2017. godine u Zagrebu kao Velika loža "Stup Ljepote" pod zaštitom Velikog orijenta Hrvatske, a Damir Pokupec, zagrebački odvjetnik i počasni konzul Rusije, izabran je za velikog majstora.

Krajem 2017. godine je mijenja se naziv u Velika loža Croatia kada dolazi do raskola unutar Velikog orijenta Hrvatske, jer dijelu članova nije odgovaralo što se hrvatskim masonima upravlja iz Beograda preko Velikog orijenta Srbije. Zbog toga oni pokreću ovu veliku ložu koju uglavnom čine poslovni ljudi, obavještajni djelatnici i lokalni političari desnog uvjerenja.

Svih pet loža pod zaštitom ove velike lože u siječnju 2021. godine prelazi pod zaštitu Le Droit Humain u Hrvatskoj.

Ustroj
Ova je velika loža jedna od rijetkih masonskih velikih loža u Hrvatskih upisanih u Registar udruga.

Veliki majstor bio je Damir Pokupec (2017. – 2020.).

Lože
U sastavu ove velike lože radilo je pet loža, među kojima i:
 Loža "Franjo Šeper", Osijek – nosi naziv po Franji Šeperu, Osiječaninu, zagrebačkom nadbiskupu i kardinalu.

Vidi još
 Slobodno zidarstvo u Hrvatskoj

Izvori

Povijest slobodnog zidarstva u Hrvatskoj
Velike lože
Hrvatske udruge

Velika loža Croatia


Mrtve ribe je hrvatski-bosanskohercegovački film iz 2017. godine. Film je režirao Kristijan Milić prema scenariju Josipa Mlakića. Nastao je u produkciji zagrebačkog Eurofilma i mostarskog Oktavijana.

Sniman je u Mostaru od 3. do 30. travnja 2016. na više od pedeset lokacija u gradu i okolici. Probno je prikazan 24. studenog iste godine na zatvorenoj projekciji u Hrvatskom domu herceg Stjepan Kosača čime je otvoren 10. Mostarski filmski festival. Premijerno je prikazan na Pulskom festivalu 2017. godine.

Uloge

 Dragan Despot kao profesor
 Nermin Omić kao Sabahudin
 Dražen Mikulić kao Mirkan
 Saša Anočić kao pjesnik
 Vinko Kraljević kao pjesnik
 Asja Jovanović kao Slavka
 Velibor Topić kao Dragan
 Marijana Mikulić kao Ranka
 Đorđe Kukuljica kao Filip
 Marinko Prga kao Stojan

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Hrvatski filmovi 2010-ih
Bosanskohercegovački filmovi

Mrtve ribe (2017.)


Nicoleta Albu () este o canotoare română. Ea a terminat pe locul al patrulea la proba de opt feminin, la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012.

Ea a câștigat patru medalii de argint la Campionatele Mondiale (femei dublu vâsle 2009 și 2013 și opt feminin în 2009 și 2013) și una de bronz (opt feminin în 2010), și patru medalii de aur europene (femei dublu vâsle 2011 și 2012 și opt feminin în 2013 și 2014) și două medalii de bronz (patru cu cârmaci feminin în 2011 și 2012).

Note

Legături externe

  Nicoleta Albu  la FISA WorldRowing.com

Nașteri în 1988
Canotori olimpici români
Canotoare române
Canotori la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012
Sportivi români în viață

Nicoleta Albu


College of St. Joseph was a Private Roman Catholic liberal arts college in Rutland County, Vermont.  It occupies a  wooded campus. Although the college was accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education, it was placed on probation in August 2018 because of the college's financial challenges. It closed at the end of the spring 2019 semester.

Academics

Accreditation
The college was accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE). It was also approved by the State of Vermont Department of Education and some of its programs were accredited or approved by discipline-specific organizations such as the Council of Applied Master's Programs in Psychology and the Board of Psychological Examiners of Vermont. In August 2018, NECHE placed the college on probation because the college had experienced significant financial challenges including spending nearly all of its endowment. Four months later, NECHE told the college that it had until April 1 to convince the accreditor that the college was financially viable; if it was unsuccessful, NECHE would withdraw accreditation and require the college to stop teaching at the end of the 2019 spring semester.

Undergraduate programs
The college offered more than 20 different degree programs in the arts & sciences, business, criminal justice, and psychology & human services. In 2014, the college introduced a social media certificate program and concentration.

Graduate programs
The college offered a number of master's degree programs in business, education, and psychology and human services.
In January 2018, the CSJ Traumatology Institute was established to provide advanced education, training, research and humanitarian aid, and is geared towards emergency responders, medical and mental health professionals, and others who work with trauma victims.  CSJTI has received full accreditation from the Green Cross Academy of Traumatology, and becomes the only program in the State of Vermont and surrounding area offering certification for this emerging field of study.

Campus

Main Campus
The main building was St. Joseph Hall, which houses the President's office, External Affairs, Admissions, Financial Aid, the Giorgetti Library, classrooms, faculty offices, computer labs, the Registrar's Office, and more.  Tuttle Hall housed the student services offices, a student lounge/waiting room, a 200-seat theater, a chapel, and Campus Ministry.  The Athletic Center on campus had a 1,000-seat gymnasium, a weight and cardio room, a racquetball court, and a dance studio.  There were also two undergraduate dormitories built in 1967, Roncalli Hall and Medaille Hall.

West Campus
In 2008 the college purchased the  Clementwood estate from the Sisters of St. Joseph, consisting of the Clementwood Mansion, Bucci Hall/the Carriage House, Avilia Hall and St. Francis Hall. Clementwood Mansion, built in 1863 by Charles Clement as a private home and later used by the Sisters of St. Joseph as their novitiate, was remodeled over the course of two years, and in spring 2010, the president's office, academic dean's office, and development and alumni relations office moved into Clementwood.

Demographics
In fall 2015, the undergraduate population consisted of 53% men and 47% women. Total enrollment was 327 students. 78% were undergraduates and 22% were graduate students. The racial composition was 64% white, 24% black, and 12% Hispanic.

Athletics
The St. Joseph (Vt.) athletic teams were called the Fighting Saints. The college was a member of the Division II ranks of the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA), primarily competing in the Yankee Small College Conference from 2011–12 to 2018–19. The Fighting Saints competed in the Sunrise Athletic Conference of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 2002–03 to 2010–11.

St. Joseph (Vt.) competed in nine intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports included baseball, basketball, golf and soccer; while women's sports included basketball, soccer, softball and volleyball; and co-ed sports included eSports.

See also
 List of colleges and universities in the United States
 List of colleges and universities in Vermont

References

External links
 Official website
 Official athletics website

Defunct private universities and colleges in Vermont
Rutland, Vermont
Universities and colleges established in 1956
Buildings and structures in Rutland, Vermont
Education in Rutland County, Vermont
Tourist attractions in Rutland County, Vermont
USCAA member institutions
Catholic universities and colleges in Vermont
Roman Catholic Diocese of Burlington
Educational institutions disestablished in 2019
1956 establishments in Vermont
2019 disestablishments in Vermont

College of St. Joseph


An Carex atrivaginata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ernest Nelmes. An Carex atrivaginata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Vietnam. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex atrivaginata


An Ventenata huber-morathii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Dogan, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni David Heller. An Ventenata huber-morathii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ventenata, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ventenata

Ventenata huber-morathii


Trenčianska Teplá este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Trenčín din regiunea Trenčín. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 4.211 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Trenčianska Teplá este atestată documentar din 1355.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Trenčianska Teplá


Steve Simon, né 1955 en Californie, est un dirigeant de tennis américain.

Il est depuis 2015 directeur général de l'Association des joueuses de tennis.

Biographie
Steve Simon a joué au tennis universitaire pour l'Université d'État de Californie à Long Beach. Sur le circuit professionnel, il s'est qualifié pour l'épreuve de double mixte au tournoi de Wimbledon 1981 aux côtés de Lea Antonoplis, où ils ont perdu au premier tour. En double messieurs, il échoue en qualification avec Jan-Eric Palm.

Il est entré en 1989 comme simple commercial du tournoi de tennis d'Indian Wells avant d'en devenir le directeur en 2004, il contribue à faire du tournoi l'un des plus prestigieux du circuit et s'implique pour éviter sa délocalisation un temps envisagée en raison de difficultés économiques.

Membre de longue date du conseil d'administration de la WTA, il en devient le directeur général en 2015 après la démission surprise de la Canadienne Stacey Allaster. Pendant son mandat, il participe au développement du circuit vers l'Asie et notamment la Chine, principal financeur de l'Association, qui est choisie pour organiser le Masters de tennis féminin en 2018. Il fait particulièrement parler de lui fin 2021 lorsqu'il décide de retirer du calendrier féminin l'ensemble des tournois disputés en Chine à la suite de l'affaire Peng Shuai, une décision courageuse qui lui vaut une certaine reconnaissance dans le milieu sportif.

Notes et références

Joueur américain de tennis
Naissance en 1955
Naissance en Californie
Dirigeant américain de tennis
Joueur des 49ers de Long Beach State

Steve Simon


(July 17, 1846 – August 29, 1866) was the 14th shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866.  During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. Iemochi's reign also saw a weakening of the shogunate.

Iemochi died in 1866 and was buried in Zōjō-ji. His Buddhist name was Shonmyoin.

Biography

Iemochi, known in his childhood as Kikuchiyo (菊千代), was the eldest son of the 11th-generation Wakayama Domain lord Tokugawa Nariyuki (1801–1846) with his concubine known as Jitsujoin and was born in the domain's residence in Edo (modern-day Minato-ku in Tokyo). Nariyuki was a younger son of the 11th shōgun, Tokugawa Ienari.

In 1847, at age 1, he was adopted as the heir of the 12th-generation daimyō Tokugawa Narikatsu, and succeeded him in 1850,  taking the name Tokugawa Yoshitomi following his coming of age in 1851. In 1858 he had audience with shōgun Iesada and his wife, Atsuhime short after he was adopted as their son and named as the successor to the main Tokugawa house. The choice of Yoshitomi was not without conflict; there were other factions in the government who supported Tokugawa Yoshinobu or Matsudaira Naritami for shōgun; both of them, unlike Yoshitomi, were adults. After assuming the office of shogun, Yoshitomi changed his name to Iemochi.

Before Iesada died he give his will to Ii Naosuke, that:
 First, Ii Naosuke must help Iemochi at administration until Iemochi was old enough to rule.
 Second, all political issues must be discussed with Tenshoin, as Iemochi's mother.

As part of the kōbu gattai ("Union of Court and Bakufu") movement, On 11 February 1862, Iemochi married Princess Kazu, daughter of Emperor Ninko. Princess Kazu refused to use the title "Midaidokoro", and instead only used the title "Miya".

On April 22, 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 5th day of the 3rd month), shōgun Iemochi traveled in a great procession to the capital. He had been summoned by the emperor, and had 3,000 retainers as escort.  This was the first time since the visit of Iemitsu in the Kan'ei era, 230 years before, that a shogun had visited Kyoto.

His early death at the age of 20 put an end to his short marriage with princess Kazu-no-Miya. Before he died he adopted a son, Tayasu Kamenosuke (later known as Tokugawa Iesato), as his heir. At that time Tayasu Kamenosuke was only 3 years old, but as the Tokugawa shogunate was at war with Chōshū, the adult Yoshinobu was appointed the fifteenth shōgun. Shōgun Yoshinobu then adopted Iemochi's adopted son, Tayasu Kamenosuke. After Iemochi's death, Kazu-no-Miya changed her name to Seikan'in no Miya. The cause of Iemochi's death is widely reported as heart failure due to beriberi, a disease caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency.

His successor, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, was the last Tokugawa shōgun and witnessed the end of the shogunate, which gave way to the Meiji Restoration.

Family
 Father: Tokugawa Nariyuki (1801–1846)
 Mother: Jitsujoin (1821–1904)
 Adoptive fathers:
 Tokugawa Narikatsu (1820–1849)
 Tokugawa Iesada
 Adoptive Mother: Tenshō-in
 Wife: Kazu-no-Miya Chikako
 Concubine:
 Oyuri no Kata (1850–1880) later Shoko-in
 Ohina no Kata (1846–1862) daughter of Shimazu Tadafuyu also niece of Tenshō-in
 Adopted son:
Tokugawa Mochitsugu
Tokugawa Iesato

Eras of Iemochi's bakufu

The years in which Iemochi was shōgun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.
 Ansei      (1854–1860)
 Man'en      (1860–1861)
 Bunkyū     (1861–1864)
 Genji      (1864–1865)
 Keiō  (1865–1868)

Notes

References
Rekishi Dokuhon Jan. 2006 issue: Tokugawa Shōgun-ke to Matsudaira Ichizoku
Tokugawa Iemochi to sono jidai: wakaki shōgun no shōgai 徳川家茂とその時代: 若き将軍の生涯. Tokyo: Tokugawa kin'en zaidan 徳川記念財団, 2007.
 Totman, Conrad. (1980).  The Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1862–1868. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.

External links

  Digitized woodblock print: Shogun Iemochi in procession towards Kyoto in Bunkyū 3

1846 births
1866 deaths
19th-century shōguns
Kishū-Tokugawa clan
Tokugawa shōguns
Tokugawa clan
People of Bakumatsu
Child monarchs from Asia
People from Minato

Tokugawa Iemochi


.pf Fransız Polinezyası için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır. (CcTLD) Klipperton Adası ile birlikte.

Fransız Polinezyası

.pf


El término Davison, puede hacer referencia a:

 Al municipio de Davison, en el condado de Genesee en el estado estadounidense de Míchigan;
 La ciudad de Davison, en el condado de Genesee en el estado estadounidense de Míchigan, no incluido en el anterior;
 Al condado de Davison, en el estado estadounidense de Dakota del Sur;

Davison


Orta Çağda savaş, genellikle Orta Çağ Avrupası'nda kullanılan savaş tarzını anlatmak için kullanılır.

Orta Çağ Avrupası'ndaki teknolojik, kültürel ve sosyal gelişme askerî taktikleri, süvari ve topçuluğun görevlerini değiştirerek savaş tarzının çok önemli derecede bir dönüşüme uğramasına neden olmuştur. Dünya'nın diğer bölgelerinde benzer seyirler görülmüştür. Beşinci yüzyılda yoğun piyade kuvvetinden oluşan Çin orduları, kuzeydeki Türkler ve diğer göçebe halkları örnek alarak süvari ağırlıklı kuvvetlere dönüşmüştür. Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika'da Avrupa'ya benzer hatta bazen daha üstün teknolojiler kullanılmıştır. Japonya'da Orta Çağ savaş tarzı 19. yy.a kadar sürmüştür. Afrika'da da "Sahil" boyunca (Sahra çölünün güneyi, Senegal Irmağı havzası ile Kongo'nun kuzey bölümünü kapsayan bölge) ve Sennar Krallığı ile Fulani İmparatorluğu gibi Sudan devletlerinde 19. yy. boyunca Orta Çağ savaş taktikleri ve silahları kullanılmıştır.

Orta Çağda savaşın kökenleri
Belki de en önemli teknolojik değişiklik üzengi'nin bulunmasıdır. Çin'de ve Orta Doğu'da uzun zamandır kullanılan üzengi, 8 yy. da Avrupa'ya gelmiştir. At yetiştiriciliği, daha gelişmiş demir ve çelik işçiliği ile birlikte üzengi çok daha güçlü süvari birliklerinin gelişmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Romalılar gibi daha önceki imparatorluklar, atlı savaşçıları daha çok hafif silahlarla kuşatılmış izcilik ve destek faaliyetlerinde kullanmışlardır. Ancak üzenginin kullanılması, binicinin otururken silah taşıyabilmeye olanak vermesi sayesinde süvarileri savaş saflarının en önüne getirmiştir. Avrupa'da ağır zıhla donatılmış şövalyeler  merkezî kuvvet olurken, Moğolistan'da da hafif zırhlarla donatılmış atlı okçular önem kazanmıştır. Çin'de ise asıl kuvvetler bu iki sınıfın arasına düşmekteydi.

Bir çokları Hadrianapolis (Edirne) Muharebesi'ni Roma İmparatorluğu döneminin sonu ve Orta Çağın başı olarak görmektedir. Bu savaş süvarinin geleneksel piyade üzerindeki üstünlüğünü göstermiş ve sonraki yüzyıllarda görülecek olan Orta Çağ savaş tarzının karakterini belirlemiştir.

Savaşlar daha çok az sayıda ve çok pahalı olan atlı savaşçıların etrafında geçmekteydi. Bu hem Orta Çağın sosyal düzeninin bir ürünü hem de bu sosyal düzenin devam etmesini sağlayan bir durumdur. Atlı bir savaşçı olmak hem büyük bir yetenek hem de büyük bir eğitim gerektirdiğinden, daha önceki dönemlerdeki yurttaşlardan oluşan orduların aksine savaşçılık tam zamanlı bir meslek haline gelmişti. Bu toplumun soylular adı verilen üst sınıf ile çoğunluğu oluşturan alt sınıf olarak ayrılmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. Feodal soylular, merkezî olmayan devletler içinde çok büyük güç kazanmışlardır. Bu nedenle Roma lejyonları gibi büyük, örgütlü ve iyi eğitilmiş orduların bulundurulması zorlaşmıştır. Birliklerin çoğunluğunu bu derebeylerinin vasalları olan köylüler ya da paralı askerler oluşturmaktaydı.

Orta Çağ savaş tarzının sonu teknolojik ve sosyal değişiklerle olmuştur. Merkezî hükûmetlerin gücünün artması düzenli orduların ya da Fransız Compagnies d'Ordonnance gibi yarı düzenli orduların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır.

Strateji ve taktik

Kuvvetlerin konuşlandırılmaları
Orta Çağ Avrupa orduları tipik olarak üç bölümden oluşurdu: Öncü birlik, merkez ve artçı birlik. Öncü birlik genelde okçular ve diğer uzun mesafe atış yapabilen sapancılar ve nadiren de basit ve hafif katapultlardan oluşurdu. Merkezde piyade birlikleri ve zırhlı süvariler (şövalyeler) bulunurdu. Artçı birlik olarak ise daha çevik atlı birlikler gelirdi. Normal intikal sırası öncü birlik, merkez ve artçı birlikti. Savaş alanında sağa öncü, ortaya merkez sola da artçı birlik yerleşirdi. Ordular büyüdükçe ise savaşalanına hangi sırayla geldiyseler o sırayla dizilmeye başladılar.

Her bölüm ya saf halinde ya da blok halinde dizilirdi. Saf halinde dizilmenin avantajı tüm askerlerin hemen hemen aynı anda çarpışmaya katılabilmesiydi. Yine de bir süvari hücumu saf halindeki bir dizilişi kolayca dağıtabilirdi. Blok halindeki diziliş daha sağlam olmasına rağmen Agincourt Savaşı'nda Fransızların başına geldiği gibi arka sıralardaki askerlerin çarpışmaya katılmasını geciktirebilirdi. Blok halindeki düzenin avantajı ön sıradaki bir askerin yaralanması halinde arkada yedek olması idi. Bu düzeni özellikle iyi eğitilmiş birlikler de dağıtmak çok zordu.

Süvari duruma göre değişik şekillerde dizilebilirdi. Bir avuç atlı bile etkili olabilse de süvari mızrağı taşıyan ve sık düzende hareket eden süvariler çok büyük ve etkili bir kuvvet olabiliyordu. En yaygın düzen saf düzeniydi. Genel olarak üç ya da dört sıra derinliğinde bir saf halinde sıralanan süvariler bu şekilde hücuma geçiyorlardı. Çok iyi eğitilmiş piyade birlikleri bu tarz bir saldırıya karşı koyabildiklerinden bazı birlikler üçgen  dizilişle saldırabiliyordu. Bu tarz dizilişte en ağır zırhlılar üçgenin uç noktasında olacak şekilde bulunuyordu. Bu düzen piyade birliği ile karşı karşıya gelince safları yararak arkadan gelen piyade hücumuyla geride kalan kuvvetlerin dağıtılması sağlanıyordu.

Süvariler savaş alanında başat güç haline geldikçe onlara karşı çıkmanın yollarını da aramak gerekli hale geldi. Çok yaygın bir yöntem olarak altı metreye varan kargıları kullanmaktı.  Süvari hücuma kalktığında bu kargıları taşıyan askerler çok sıkı bir kare ya da küre düzenine geçerek piyade hatlarının içlerine girilmesini engelliyorlardı. Atlar mızraklardan oluşan bir duvara doğru koşarak dalmıyorlardı.  Arkayı ve yanları koruyan geniş kargı bloklarına sahip bir ordu, bozguna uğramadan etkili pozisyonlara girebiliyordu.

İngilizler tarafından bulunan bir başka yöntemde yoğun ok atışıdır. İngilizlerin kullandığı büyük yaylar bir uzmanın elinde yıkıcı silahlara dönüşüyordu. İngilizler, binlerce okçu aynı anda atış yaptığında çok az ordunun hücuma kalkabildiğini keşfetmişlerdi. 100 Yıl savaşları sırasında birçok Fransız şövalye " yağmur gibi yağan oklar karşısında günün geceye döndüğünü" anlatmıştı. Düşman saflarına karşı yapılan birkaç salvo ok atışından sonra geri kalan düşman kuvvetini halletmek için İngiliz piyadesi ve süvarisi savaşalanına giriyordu.

Kuvvetlerin kullanılması
Bazı Orta Çağ orduları çok az eğitimliydi ve birliklerin birbiriyle bağı pek yoktu. Savaş öncesi çok sınırlı bir şekilde planlama yapılabiliyordu ve savaş alanında iletişim çok zordu. İletişimi sağlamak için genellikle müzik enstrümanları, sesli komutlar, kuryeler ya da görsel işaretler (flamalar, bayraklar, sancaklar, vb.) kullanılıyordu. Savaşların çoğu büyük çaplı arbedelerle devam ediyordu.

Öncü birliklerin saldırmasının amacı genelde düşmanın savunma hattında delik açmaktı. Okçular, piyadenin kalkanları üzerinden düşmana ok atarlardı düşman da karşılık vermek için hazırlanırdı.

Sonunda merkez hareket eder ve at üzerindeki şövalyelerle birlikte piyade de hücuma kalkardı.

Büyük toplar Orta Çağın sonlarına doğru savaş alanlarına girdi. Çok yavaş olan atış hızları (savaş boyunca yalnız bir kere atış yapılıyordu) ve belirsiz atışları nedeniyle etkili bir anti-personel silah olmaktan çok psikolojik güç arttırıcıydılar.

Daha sonraları daha küçük toplar kullanılarak atış hızı belirsiz bir seviyede artsa da nişan almak daha kolaylaştı. Topları kullananlar rahatça korunabiliyordu çünkü toplar daha hafifti ve daha hızlı hareket ettirilebiliyordu.

Ricat (geri çekilme)
Orta Çağda aceleyle yapılan bir geri çekilme düzenli olarak yapılan bir geri çekilmeden çok daha fazla kayıp verdirebiliyordu. Kaybeden taraf geri çekilmeye başladığında artçı birliklerin hızlı süvarileri piyade baskısı altında kaçan düşmana yetişebiliyordu. Birçok Orta Çağ savaşında kaçarken öldürülen asker sayısı savaşırken öldürülenden fazladır. Atlı şövalyeler savaş esnasında kargılı askerler tarafından korunan okçuları ve piyadeleri çok kısa sürede ve kolaylıkla öldürebiliyorlardı.

Müstahkem mevkiler
Merkezî devletlerdeki çözülme ana geçim kaynağı olarak geniş çaplı yağmacılık yapan bir dizi grubun ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bunların arasında en dikkate değer grup Vikinglerdi. Bu gruplar genellikle küçük olduklarından ve hızlı hareket etmek zorunda kaldıklarından bölgedeki zenginlikleri ve halkı korumak amacıyla müstahkem mevkiler yapmak faydalı olmaktaydı.

Orta Çağ boyunca bu müstahkem yerler de gelişmiştir. Bunlar arasında birçokları için Orta Çağın simgesi haline gelmiş olan kale en önemlisiydi. Kaleler, yöredeki elit tabakasına korunaklı bir yerde olma olanağı sağlıyordu. Kale içinde iken yağmacıların baskınından korundukları gibi bölgeden yağmacıları çıkarmak için atlı savaşçıları üzerlerine gönderebiliyorlardı. Daha sonraları kaleler, yöredeki diğer elitlerden korunmak için de kullanılmıştır.

Orta Çağ dönemi boyunca müstahkem yerlerin birçok önemli yararı olmuştur. Orta Çağda süregelen yağmacılığa karşı korunak olmuşturlar. Ağır süvari'nin açık alanda yapılan savaştaki üstünlüğü, müstahkem yerlere karşı bir anlam ifade etmiyordu. İlkel yollar ya da yol olmaması kuşatma araçlarının taşınmasını zorlaştırıyor ve zaman kaybettiriyordu. Merkezî askerî örgütlenmenin genel olarak eksik olması da geniş çaplı ve uzun süren kuşatmaların yapılmasını güçleştiriyordu. Müstahkem yerler, elitlerin topraklarından çıkarılamamasını sağlamanın mükemmel bir yoluydu.

Orta Çağ kuşatma sanatı
Orta Çağ döneminde ordular kuşatma yaparken bir dizi kuşatma araçları kullanmışlardır: merdiven; koçbaşı; kuşatma kulesi ve çeşitli mancınıklar (mangonel, onager, balista ve trebuchet) gibi. Kuşatma teknikleri arasında lağımcılık da bulunur. Bu işi en iyi Osmanlı yapardı.

Ekipmanlar

Kişisel ekipmanlar
 Şövalye
 Piyade
 Mühendis
 Okçu
 Burgher

Silahlar
 Orta Çağ kuşatma silahları
 İngiliz oku
 Tatar Yayı
 Kılıç
 Süvari kılıcı
 Mızrak
 Topuz
 Kargı
 Büyük yay
 Zırh

Kaynakça
 Contamine, Philippe. War in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984.
 Keegan, John. The face of battle : a study of Agincourt, Waterloo, and the Somme. London : Barrie & Jenkins, 1988.
 Keen, Maurice. Medieval Warfare: A History. Oxford University Press, 1999.
 McNeill, William Hardy. The pursuit of power : technology, armed force, and society since A.D. 1000. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.
 Nicholson, Helen. Medieval Warfare. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004,
 Oman, Charles William Chadwick. A history of the art of war in the Middle Ages. London: Greenhill Books ; Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1998.
 De Re Militari: The Society for Medieval Military History

Orta Çağ'da savaş


Hausa (autonime pentru singular: Bahaushe (m), Bahaushiya (f); plural: Hausawa și general: Hausa; exonim: Ausa) sunt unul dintre cele mai mari grupuri etnice din Africa. Cei din etnia hausa sunt diverși, dar din punct de vedere cultural omogeni; sunt stabiliți, în principal, în Daura Saheliană și în Daura Sudaniană din nordul Nigeriei și sud-estul Nigerului, un număr semnificativ trăind și în unele părți din Camerun, Coasta de Fildeș, Ciad, Togo, Ghana, Sudan, Gabon și Senegal.

Distribuția populației

Galerie de imagini

Referințe

Grupuri etnice din Niger
Grupuri etnice din Nigeria
Grupuri etnice din Sudan

Hausa (etnie)


شعث (تُلفظ شعت) هي بلدة لبنانية من بلدات قضاء بعلبك في محافظة بعلبك الهرمل. يعود تسميتها إلى اللغة اللآتينية وتعني الشموع

الموقع
تقع بلدة شعث على سفح سلسلة جبال لبنان الشرقية، تبعد عن محافظة بعلبك حوالي 20 كيلومتر، وترتفع عن سطح البحر حوالي 1,000 متر، تقع على تلة مرتفعة حوالي 120 متر.
فيها آثار عديدة وجدت في عدة أماكن مثل منطقة القبع، وتل الزهيرية ومنطقة السويدية.

يحدها:
 من الشرق بلدة يونين
 ومن الشمال بلدة البزالية وحربتا
 ومن الغرب بلدة نبحا وقرحا
 ومن الجنوب بلدة نبحا الكنيسة وريحا

تمتاز بجوها الحار المعتدل صيفًا والبارد شتاءً، ومن أهم مياهها الجوفية:
 نبع العاصي الذي ينبع من غرب البلدة
 ونبع المقناني
 العيون
 ونبع رأس العين الذي يسقي البلدة

فيها الكثير من الأشجار المثمرة كالمشمش والدرّاق والكرز والجوز واللوز والعنب والتين والزيتون، كما يمتاز سهلها الواسع بزراعة الحبوب على أشكالها والبطاطا والشمندر السكري، وزراعة التبغ.

سكّانها
يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي24,000 نسمة وهم جميعاً يدينون بديانة الإسلام، يتوزعون بين البلدة والعاصمة بيروت حيث يعيش معظمهم، وكما هناك عدد منهم يعيش في بلاد الاغتراب خاصة في أوروبا وبلدان الخليج.

اصل التسمية
اصل التسمية كلمة سريانية ومعناها SHEATHA، أو UTHA أو HASA ومعناها لعبة ومكان للرياضة والنزهة وما يضحك منه، أو SHUHTA ومعناها الصدأ والتفسخ والفساد. وعلى ما يبدو ان المقصود بالتفسخات هي الصخور المحيطة بها من ناحية القبع وهو من خراجها، والفساد لتربتها لعدم منفعتها، خصوصا وان المكان الاساسي لسكان البلدة قد كان في تلك الناحية حيث تظهر بشكل اغبر شبيها بالصدأ، وقد يكون اساس التسمية مشتق من كلمة سعد، بسبب طبيعتها الجغرافية الغنية وانتاجها الوافر وكثرة ينابيعها من الناحية المقابلة للقبع أي منطقة السهلات وهي أيضا من خراجها، ويمكن ان يكون اصل التسمية من شعث العربية تشعث تفرق مع تبسيط الثاء أو التاء، كما في في اللغة المحكية، وقد تدل على مفرق المياه في البقاع وقد يكون التفسير الاخير هو الاصوب.

أحياء البلدة
اما أحياء البلدة فهي: الظهر، السويدية، رسم الحدث، السويد، عبلة، الطريق العام، النبي يوسف، تل الحصن، المرج، وادي دوبا والعيون.

الزراعة
تشكل الزراعة العمود الفقري لاقتصاد البلدة، فخراج بلدة شعث يمتد بين سلسلتي جبال لبنان الشرقية والغربية، إضافة إلى امتلاكها سهلا واسعا يتميز بخصوبته وتنوع تربته بين الاحمر والاسود والرمادي وكثرة هضابه وتلاله التي تشكل موقعا استراتيجيا مميزا.

تشتهر شعث بزراعة الحبوب كالقمح والشعير والعدس والحمص والكرسنة. اما الاشجار المثمرة فهي الكرز، المشمش، الخوخ، اللوز، الإجاص والتين والعنب، إضافة إلى زراعات أخرى متنوعة لاتقل اهمية عن غيرها مثل البطاطا، الثوم، البصل، اللفت، الباذنجان، الخس، البقدونس، الفجل، السبانخ والبندورة والفريز، واضيف إلى زراعاتها اخيرا الدخان.

ومن الاشجار غير المثمرة: الحور، السرو، الصنوبر، الصفصاف واللزاب التي تتواجد عادة امام كل بيت.

المجلس البلدي
عرفت البلدة أول مجلس بلدي لها عام 1963، الذي كان يتألف من عشرة أعضاء، يتوزعون على عائلات البلدة. في حين عرفت الانتخابات عام 1998 مجلسا اخرا للبلدة، بلغ عدد اعضائه 15 عضوا ولا يزال حتى تاريخه ضمن هذا العدد المذكور.
يعمل المجلس البلدي الحالي على توسيع وانشاء الطرقات العامة، واقام بالتعاون مع وزارة الزراعة «مركز احراج وصيد شعث»، وبالتعاون مع وزارة البيئة محمية اشجار حرجية. وسيعمل جاهدا كما هو مقرر في الخطة السنوية للعام 2012 بايلاء الناحية التربوية التنمية المطلوبة.

المقامات الدينية
تميزت بلدة شعث بوجود مقامات دينية عدة، فيها إضافة إلى وجود مساجد وحسينيات في احيائها وهي: مقام النبي اسماعيل وامه هاجر على الحدود الفاصلة بين خراج بلدتي ريحا وشعث، مقام «النبي يوسف» الواقع في حي النبي يوسف من الجهة الجنوبية للبلدة، مقام «النبي يوشع بن نون» الواقع من الجهة الشرقية للبلدة بالقرب من نبع اهلا، مسجد حي الجامع للطائفة الشيعية، مسجد حي الظهر للطائفة السنية، إضافة إلى عدد من المساجد والحسيينيات التي بنيت في السنوات الاخيرة.

الآثار
من خلال البحث الميداني والمشاهدة العينية لخراج بلدة شعث وبيوتها، يمكن تسجيل بعض المشاهدات التي تؤكد على قدمها. فقد تم العثور على قطع اثرية متنوعة تعود إلى عصور عدة وحضارات كالفينيقية، الرومانية، العربية، كما تم الكشف عن الاقنية القديمة في ناحية السهلات من خراج بلدة شعث، والعثور على القساطل الفخارية المطمورة بعمق متر والممدودة من نبع رسم الحدث حتى تل الحصن. وقد ظهرت هذه القساطل اثر استصلاح الأراضي التي قام بها المشروع الاخضر عام 1968، إضافة إلى وجود قطع اثرية في منطقة تل العين. كما تم العثور على بقايا فخاريات كالجرار الكبيرة والكؤوس الزجاجية وعلى آثار برونزية فينيقية الصنع في منطقة تل دنحا وتل الحصن أيضا، مما يعني ان البلدة قديمة قدم الآثار الموجودة فيها.

واخيرا، تعد شعث من البلدات الأولى التي يقصدها هواة صيد الطيور بالمئات من مختلف المناطق اللبنانية، بداية فصلي الخريف والشتاء من كل سنة، حيث تمر الطيور المهاجرة على اختلاف انواعها في سهلها الواسع واوديتها. والبرك المائية فيها تستعمل للري والصيد، حيث يبنى على جانبها «اليقلوم» وهو عبارة عن غرفة صغيرة ترابية ارتفاعها لايتجاوز 150 سم بمستوى الأرض تستخدم للصيد الليلي كالبط البري كما فيها، «منتجع اكواخ السياحي» في منطقة العيون مخصص لهواة صيد الطيور.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء بعلبك
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة بعلبك الهرمل
قضاء بعلبك

شعث


Louis Rosier (Chapdes-Beaufort, Francuska, 5. studenog 1905. – Neuilly-sur-Seine, Francuska, 29. listopada 1956.) je bio francuski vozač automobilističkih utrka.

Rezultati u Formuli 1

Francuski vozači Formule 1

Louis Rosier


Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn Bushein (Mainz, 19 de setembro de 1676 - Bruschal, 19 de agosto de 1743) foi um cardeal do século XVIII

Vida
Nasceu em Mainz em 19 de setembro de 1676. De família nobre. Filho de Melchior Friedrich von Schönborn, conselheiro privado imperial, ministro de Estado e grão-marechal, e de Maria Sophia von Boineburg, filha do ministro de Estado de Mainz. Ele era o terceiro filho de dezoito filhos, quatorze dos quais atingiram a idade adulta. Ele era sobrinho do príncipe arcebispo Lothar Franz von Schönborg de Mainz; e sobrinho-neto de Johann Philipp von Schönborg, também príncipe arcebispo de Mainz. Ele também era sobrinho do imperador Leopoldo I da Áustria. Ele era um barão de nascimento e desde 1701 um conde. Seu sobrenome também está listado como Schönborn Bushein.

Recebeu sua educação inicial no castelo de sua família em Mainz; depois, frequentou o Jesuit Gymnasium em Würzburg; e mais tarde, também frequentou a Universidade de Mainz; de 1693 a 1695, estudou, junto com seu irmão mais novo Franz Erwein, no Collegio Germanico , em Roma; foi aluno do futuro cardeal Giovanni Battista Tolomei. Depois, em 1698, estudou direito internacional na Universidade de Louvain. Nesse mesmo ano, recebeu a tonsura clerical.

Entrou na Ordem Teutônica e tornou-se cavaleiro muito jovem. Liderou uma companhia no Exército Imperial, 1698-1699. Ele serviu sob vários generais imperiais como o marechal de campo Karl Johann Graf von Thüngen. Em 1699, em Altenbiesen, Maastricht, tomou posse como cavaleiro teutônico e fez sua profissão. No ano seguinte, 1700, foi transferido para o Bailiado de Hesse e recebeu o título de Comandante de Felsberg, perto de Kassel. Logo depois, ele foi encarregado do comando de Oberflörsheim em Rheinhessen. Em 1701, tornou-se coadjutor do comandante; e em 1703, Comandante dos bailiwicks de Hessen em Marburg e de Altenbiesen (ocupou os cargos até sua morte); e privado do Alto Conselho Teutônico, bem como conselheiro de seu tio, o arcebispo de Mainz. Em 1706, dirigiu-se como enviado da sua ordem à corte imperial, onde recebeu do imperador José I a confirmação dos privilégios da ordem e a investidura de grão-mestre no feudo da Ordem. Em 1708, o imperador ordenou que ele fosse como seu representante autorizado ao distrito da Baixa Saxônia. Sua principal tarefa era a administração do território de Hadeln e sua proteção contra as reivindicações de Hanover. O Grão-Mestre Schönborn estava então ativo nas áreas difíceis que haviam sido conquistadas pela Guerra do Norte e aumentou a importância imperial e a influência na região de Brandemburgo-Prússia. Realizou missões diplomáticas a Hanover e Berlim. Comandante da Ordem Teutônica. Reitor das igrejas de Weissenburg e de Odenheim. Ministro de Estado de Mainz. Ministro de Estado do grão-mestre da Ordem Teutônica.

Cardinalado
Criado cardeal e reservado in pectore no consistório de 30 de janeiro de 1713. Em 1714, o imperador o nomeou presidente de um congresso convocado em Brunswick para a resolução da guerra, porém, sua missão não levou ao sucesso. Augusto, o Forte da Saxônia, já o havia apresentado como candidato ao cardinalato polonês. Sua criação cardinalícia foi publicada no consistório de 29 de maio de 1715; o papa enviou-lhe o barrete vermelho com um breve apostólico datado de 28 de junho de 1715.

Episcopado
Eleito bispo coadjutor de Speyer pelo capítulo da catedral, em 21 de julho de 1716; sua eleição ocorreu após um sério conflito com a cidade imperial de Speyer pelo controle da sucessão episcopal, e deveu sua eleição principalmente à influência de seu tio, o arcebispo de Mainz Lothar Franz von Schönborn. Preconizado coadjutor de Speyer, com direito de sucessão, em 5 de outubro de 1716. Em 1718, o bispo coadjutor Schönborn também se tornou reitor do mosteiro de Bruchsai-Odenheim. Até a morte do bispo de Speyer, Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen, o bispo coadjutor Schönborn não exerceu influência na diocese. Tornou-se bispo de Speyer em 30 de novembro de 1719.

Sacerdócio
Ordenado em 15 de agosto de 1720. Recebeu a consagração episcopal em 24 de fevereiro de 1721, em Bruchsal, de Johann Edmund von Jugenfeld, bispo titular de Mallo, auxiliado por Johann Baptist Gegg, bispo titular de Trapezopoli, e por Johann Hahn, bispo titular de Metelópolis. Participou do conclave de 1721, que elegeu o Papa Inocêncio XIII; ele chegou no dia 7 de maio, um dia antes de terminar, com uma grande comitiva. Recebeu o chapéu vermelho em 10 de junho de 1721; e o título de S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano, 16 de junho de 1721. Optou pela ordem dos sacerdotes e pelo título de S. Pancrazio, 10 de setembro de 1721. Concedeu dispensa para ser eleito bispo coadjutor de Konstanz, 10 de março de 1722. Eleito bispo coadjutor de Konstanz por seu capítulo da catedral, 18 de maio de 1722. Preconizado coadjutor de Konstanz, com direito de sucessão, mantendo a sé de Speyer, 15 de março de 1723. Não participou do conclave de 1724, que elegeu o Papa Bento XIII. Em 1724, ele fundou um seminário em Bruchsal e determinou que o pároco fosse escolhido apenas entre os graduados do seminário; estabeleceu também que cada sacerdote devia participar uma vez por ano dos exercícios espirituais; o cardeal procurou conhecer pessoalmente todos os sacerdotes da diocese; e se houvesse uma infração disciplinar, ele aplicava uma multa. Optou pelo título de S. Maria della Pace em 23 de dezembro de 1726. Participou do conclave de 1730, que elegeu o Papa Clemente XII; ele teve que deixar o conclave por causa da doença em 1º de julho de 1730; ele não estava presente quando o novo papa foi eleito no dia 12 de julho seguinte. Não participou do conclave de 1740, que elegeu o papa Bento XIV. Sucedeu à sede de Konstanz, 12 de julho de 1740.

Durante seu episcopado, a diocese atingiu um pico. Os anos de paz - apenas interrompidos pela guerra da Sucessão Polonesa em 1733-1735 - permitiram a reativação da vida eclesial e estatal. Houve uma consolidação econômica e cultural e, ao mesmo tempo, floresceu. A experiência de seu trabalho como Lorde Comandante serviu muito aos esforços para a reconstrução econômica. O pré-requisito para isso era um orçamento apertado, que fornecia suporte material para vários projetos de construção. Ele também reorganizou o governo. Quando encontrou dificuldades no conselho municipal de Speyer para restaurar o palácio episcopal, decidiu construir uma residência em Bruchsal, digna do status principesco. Foi iniciado em 1722, planejado pelo arquiteto Maximilian von Welsch, mas o cardeal morreu antes de sua conclusão. Vários outros arquitetos, como Balthasar Neumann em 1728, também trabalhou no projeto. Ele não apenas forneceu o projeto da escada, mas também supervisionou a construção até sua morte. Além da residência, a igreja Sankt Peter, que havia sido destruída em 1689, foi reconstruída como túmulo do bispo. Um antigo castelo com fosso foi reconstruído como residência de verão e Kislau Waghdusel como eremitério, perto de um santuário. A construção da residência custou ao cardeal um milhão de florins e ao seu sucessor outros 1,8 milhão para ser concluída. Como o cardeal praticamente ignorou a reconstrução da catedral de Speyer, ele se viu em conflito com o cabido da catedral. Seu tio, o arcebispo, e Franz Georg, irmão do cardeal, que era o decano do cabido da catedral, também intervieram na disputa. O arcebispo recorreu à corte real e o cardeal Schönborn à Cúria Romana. O Papa Bento XIII instou-o a ceder, enquanto o imperador, em 1730, anulou a jurisdição do capítulo. Em seguida, o cardeal pediu um parecer jurídico à Universidade de Louvain. Com isso, não houve acordo entre as partes, mas a corte ficou do lado do cardeal devido ao seu alto escalão e seus contatos com a cúria papal. O cardeal Schönborn implementou em sua diocese uma variedade de pastorais e regulamentos pelos quais procurou reformá-la com os decretos tridentinos; desde 1725 era membro da SC do Conselho Tridentino. Uma preocupação particular era o aumento do sistema escolar. O cardeal era pessoalmente modesto e sofria de escrúpulos que seu confessor, George Ulrich Kellermann, aumentava em vez de resolver, e às vezes levava à depressão. Ele tinha problemas de saúde desde que sofria de malária durante seus estudos romanos. Ele viveu para ver o declínio da era Schönborn.

Morte
Morreu em Bruschal em 19 de agosto de 1743. Exposto e enterrado na igreja de São Pedro, Bruchsal, que ele havia construído.

Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Clemente XI


Señorita Panamá 2010 la 27ª edición del Señorita Panamá y 44ª celebración Anual del concurso Miss Panamá se llevó a cabo en el en el Hotel Sheraton, Panamá, Panamá el jueves 8 de julio de 2010.

Alrededor de 10 participantes de todo Panamá, compitiéron por la corona de este prestigioso certamen. Señorita Panamá 2009, Diana Broce de Los Santos coronó a Anyolí Amorette Ábrego Sanjur de Veraguas como la nueva Señorita Panamá. Este año la final se llevó a cabo un desfile de moda. Diez concursantes compitieron por el título nacional.

Abrego compitió en la 59 ª edición del certamen de Miss Universo 2010, que se celebró en el Centro de Eventos Mandalay Bay en el Mandalay Bay Resort y Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, EE. UU. el 23 de agosto de 2010.

Resultados

Premios especiales

Jueces
 Miguel Herrera - Ex-juez de  Realmente Bella
 Gloria Quintana - Ex-Miss Hispanidad 1989 y Señorita Panamá 1989
 Exidio Zelaya - Periodista Hondureno

Presentación Musical
Olanda Angarita - "Jamás"

Show de Presentación
En la preliminar final todos las participantes compitieron en las categorías vestido de Cóctel en el marco de la presentación de los 10 finalistas que se dará a conocer las 3 mejores en la noche final durante la transmisión en vivo de dos horas del concurso Señorita Panamá 2010 por Telemetro el jueves , 8 de julio.
Esta presentación a la prensa se llevó a cabo en el Salón Gran Barú del Hotel Sheraton.

Candidatas
Estas son las candidatas seleccionadas para esta edición.

Importancia histórica
Veraguas ganó Señorita Panamá por cuarta vez (antes  1992) con Giselle Amelia González Aranda.
Panamá Centro clasifica en la ronda final por año consecutivo.
Chiriquí volvió a la final después de dos años  2008.

Calendario de Elección

lunes 5 de julio presentación a la prensa en el Salón Gran Barú del Hotel Sheraton.

miércoles 7 de julio entrevista con el jurado.

jueves 8 de julio noche final,  coronación de Señorita Panamá 2010.

Notas

Sara Ruiz participó en el Reinado Internacional del Banano 2005 en Ecuador y ganó el título de Miss Simpatía.
Anyoli Abrego participó en el concurso Miss Model of the World 2009 en China, donde clasificó en el Top 30 y el Miss Pacífico 2010 en Playa Linda, Chiapas, México, donde ganó el título.
Paola Vaprio ganó el concurso Miss Mundo Panamá 2010 el 26 de agosto de 2010. Y participó en el Miss Mundo 2010 en Sanya, China, también es hermana de la  Señorita Panamá Miss Mundo 2005, Anna Isabella Vaprio Medaglia .
Amelia Cuestas participó en el Reinado Internacional del Banano 2010 en Ecuador.
Marelissa Him obtuvo el título de Miss Tierra Panamá 2011 y representó a su país en Miss Tierra 2011 en Filipinas y también concurso en el Reina Hispanoamericana 2011 en Bolivia.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
  Página web oficial
 http://www.misspanama.net/

Concursos de belleza en 2010
Concursos de belleza de Panamá
Panamá en 2010

Señorita Panamá 2010


Die Syrische Beobachtungsstelle für Menschenrechte (; ; SOHR) ist eine in Großbritannien ansässige Organisation, die in Opposition zur Baath-Regierung in Syrien steht und Informationen über Menschenrechtsverletzungen in dem Land sammelt und veröffentlicht.

Die SOHR wird von Osama Suleiman (Pseudonym: "Rami Abdul Rahman" oder "Rami Abdelrahman" geschrieben), einem syrischstämmigen sunnitischen Muslim und Eigner eines Bekleidungsgeschäftes, aus seinem Privathaus in Coventry in England unterhalten. Nach Angaben Abdulrahmans begann er 2006 mit 54 Informanten in Syrien, die bis 2012 auf 230 angewachsen seien.

Eine gleichnamige Organisation mit Sitz in London hat ihre Aktivität spätestens 2012 eingestellt.

Arbeit
Die Internetseite der Organisation verbreitet auf Englisch und Arabisch Neuigkeiten zur aktuellen Entwicklung und zu Aspekten des syrischen Bürgerkrieges. Sie berichtet über die Enthauptungen durch den IS, über Kämpfe zwischen den verschiedenen Konfliktparteien und wiederholt über Massaker. Bei ihren Informationen beruft sie sich auf ein Netzwerk von in Syrien lebenden, anonym arbeitenden Informanten.

Seit den ersten Veröffentlichungen ist nach Einschätzung der ARD ihr Erscheinungsbild professioneller geworden. Die abgebildeten Fotos seien mittlerweile "etwas weniger grauenhaft". Die Beobachtungsstelle dementiert manche Meldungen auch umgehend wieder, wenn sich die Quellenlage ändert. In einer Rubrik werden die am Vortag in Syrien ums Leben gekommenen Menschen mittlerweile unterschiedslos gezählt.

Einem Mitarbeiter von Amnesty International im Nahen Osten zufolge sei Rahmans Statistik "eine der besten, einschließlich der Details über die Todesumstände".

Kritik
Unter Kritik geriet die Beobachtungsstelle im Herbst 2011, als zahlreiche Medien, darunter CNN, eine auf einem Bericht vom SOHR beruhende Falschmeldung verbreiteten, nach der in der Stadt Hama neugeborene Säuglinge in Brutkästen gezielt getötet worden seien, indem das syrische Regime die Stromversorgung des Krankenhauses unterbrochen habe. CNN und daraufhin die SOHR bezeichneten einander auf Internet gegenseitig als Quelle für die Falschinformation. Die Beobachtungsstelle stellte in weiterer Folge klar, dass sie nicht behauptet habe, dass die Unterbrechung der Stromversorgung absichtlich herbeigeführt worden sei. Fakt sei aber, dass die Kinder in den Brutkästen starben.

Die Beobachtungsstelle unterschied in ihrer Opferzählung bis August 2012 zwischen Zivilisten und Soldaten, wobei die Zivilisten weiter in bewaffnete Rebellen und unbewaffnete Zivilisten unterteilt wurden, die Soldaten in Deserteure und Angehörige der syrischen Armee. Diese Unterteilung wurde bei der Weiterverwertung ihrer Angaben in der Regel nicht reflektiert und geriet in die Kritik. Neuere Tagesberichte der Beobachtungsstelle führen die kritisierte Zuordnung bewaffneter Rebellen zu den Zivilisten nicht fort. Die Beobachtungsstelle unterscheidet zudem in ihren Tagesbilanzen nicht nach Verursachern, auch dies wird bei der Weiterverwendung ihrer Angaben in der Regel nicht reflektiert.

Die Glaubwürdigkeit der Beobachtungsstelle wurde von Russland angezweifelt. Der Sprecher des russischen Außenministeriums, Alexander Lukaschewitsch, behauptete im Februar 2012, dass nur zwei Personen für diese Beobachtungsstelle fernab der Konfliktzone arbeiteten und dass der Leiter der Beobachtungsstelle nach eigenen Angaben weder über eine journalistische Ausbildung noch über einen höheren Schulabschluss verfüge. Diese Fakten ermöglichten entsprechende Rückschlüsse auf die Glaubwürdigkeit der Informationen. Nach einem Bericht der New York Times besitzt Abdul Rahman jedoch einen Highschool-Abschluss und hat an einer Berufsfachschulausbildung für Marketing teilgenommen.

Die Tagesschau wies in einer Erläuterung darauf hin, dass "die Informationen der Beobachtungsstelle … sich nicht unabhängig überprüfen" lassen. "Die Beobachtungsstelle und jeder andere Berichterstatter aus Syrien haben das gleiche Problem. Es bleibt ein Rest Unsicherheit."

Schaden entstand dem Ansehen der Beobachtungsstelle kurzzeitig daraus, dass eine um den Anspruch als Syrische Beobachtungsstelle für Menschenrechte rivalisierende Internetseite die bürgerliche Identität von Osama Suleiman offenlegte und dieser bestätigte, dass er das Pseudonym Rami Abdulrahman für seine langjährige Aktivistentätigkeit gegen das syrische System unter Baschar al-Assad als Nom de Guerre angenommen habe.

Auszeichnungen
Im Jahr 2020 erhielt der Gründer Rami Abdelrahman für die mehrjährige Dokumentation von Kriegsverbrechen mit der SOHR den Nannen Preis.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website (englisch, syriahr.com/en)
 Asa Winstanley: The Syrian Observatory: The Inside Story al-Akhbar, 23. Januar 2012.
 "Glaubwürdige Informationen aus Syrien?", Artikel auf Tagesschau.de, vom 16. April 2016

Einzelnachweise

Beobachtungsstelle
Menschenrechtsorganisation
Internationale Organisation (London)
Gegründet 2006
Menschenrechte in Syrien


Corsiaceae nom. cons, biljna porodica u redu ljiljanolike. Ime je dobila po rodu Corsia raširenom po Novoj Gvineji, Queenslandu, Solomonovim otocima i Bizmarkovom arhipelagu. Ostala dva roda su monotipska. Rod Arachnitis, s vrstom A. uniflora, raste po južnim predjelima Južne Amerike, a Corsiopsis kojega uključuju i u Burmaniaceae u jugoistočnojn Kini.

Ukupno 27 priznatih vrsta

Rodovi
 Genus Arachnitis Phil.
 Genus Corsia Becc.
 Genus Corsiopsis  D.X.Zhang, R.M.K.Saunders & C.M.Hu

Izvori

Ljiljanolike

Corsiaceae


Dolná Tižina este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Žilina din regiunea Žilina. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.383 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Dolná Tižina este atestată documentar din 1439.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Dolná Tižina


An Festuca varia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thaddeus Peregrinus Haenke. An Festuca varia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Festuca, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Festuca

Festuca varia


Bjúgvængur (fræðiheiti: Campylopterus hemileucurus) er fugl af ætt kólibrífugla.

Heimild

Kólibrífuglar

Bjúgvængur


Krisos () ist eine Figur der griechischen Mythologie.

Seine Eltern waren Phokos und Asteria; mit seinem Zwillingsbruder Panopeus soll er sich "schon im Mutterleib gestritten" haben. Krisos erbaute die nach ihm benannte Stadt Krisa, am Südabhang des Parnassos. Über jenen Landstrich – Phokis genannt – herrschte später sein Sohn Strophios, den ihm seine Gemahlin Antiphateia, eine Tochter des Naubolos, gebar. Über seinen Sohn Strophios wurde Krisos der Großvater des Pylades.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Person der griechischen Mythologie

Krisos


Perevalne ou parfois Pereval'ne (en ), Perevalnoïe (en ; en , Angara depuis 1945) est un village de Crimée. Le village de Perevalne est administré par le conseil du village de Dobroïe qui est lui sous l'autorité du raïon de Simferopol en Crimée.

Géographie
Le village est situé au milieu des Monts de Crimée, proche du massif du Tchatyr-Dah. L'autoroute Simferopol - Alouchta - Yalta traverse le village, ainsi que la ligne de trolleybus de Crimée qui s'arrête dans ce village.

Histoire

Ce village est documenté pour la première fois en 1864 dans la liste des lieux de peuplement du gouvernement de Tauride, comme hameau avec une auberge, le lieu étant nommé Angara, d'après la rivière du même nom, affluent du Salguir. En 1889, l'endroit (écrit Angora) a déjà quinze foyers pour cinquante-sept habitants et fait partie de l'ouïezd de Simféropol.

Une garnison militaire (воинская часть A-2320) est présente à Perevalne. Cette garnison était un ancien camp d'entraînement pour les forces spéciales soviétiques. La 36e brigade d'infanterie côtière mécanisée séparée ukrainienne s'y trouvait et a été encerclée par des troupes russes sans insigne de grade militaire ni cocarde pendant la crise de Crimée de 2014.

Population
D'après le recensement ukrainien de 2001, sa population était de 3 660 habitants. La Grotte Rouge s'y trouve.

Références

Liens externes

Ville en Crimée

Perevalne


Tiggiano ist eine südostitalienische Gemeinde (comune).

Geografie
Tiggiano hat  Einwohner (Stand ). Es liegt in der Provinz Lecce in Apulien, etwa 60 Kilometer südwestlich der Provinzhauptstadt Lecce im südlichen Salento.

Geschichte
Eine Siedlung existierte schon in der römischen Antike. Die älteste erhaltene urkundliche Erwähnung stammt von 1270.

Verkehr
Tiggiano besitzt einen Haltepunkt an der Bahnstrecke Zollino–Gagliano Leuca.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Apulien
Ersterwähnung 1270

Tiggiano


Nicolas Rex Smith (born 24 December 1964) is a New Zealand politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the National Party. Smith represented the Nelson electorate from 1996 to 2020 and, before that, was the member for Tasman from 1990 to 1996.

During his career, Smith served as a Cabinet minister, holding various posts including Minister for Building and Housing, Minister for the Environment, Minister for Climate Change Issues, and Minister of Local Government. For a brief time between October and November 2003 he was the deputy leader of the National Party, then in opposition under Don Brash.

Following his defeat in the Nelson electorate in the 2020 election, he served as a list MP for less than a year before retiring from politics in 2021 after multiple allegations of bullying were made against him. On 8 October 2022, Nick Smith was elected Mayor of Nelson during the 2022 New Zealand local elections.

Education and early career
Smith was born in Rangiora,Canterbury, in 1964, the son of John Smith and Anne Smith. His father was born in New South Wales and came to New Zealand to start a contracting business, building drains and bridges. He has seven siblings; three sisters and four brothers. His father and two brothers all own independent construction crane hire businesses.

Smith was educated at Rangiora High School and was an AFS Scholar to the U.S. He studied at the University of Canterbury where he earned a Bachelor of Engineering degree with first-class honours in civil engineering, and a PhD with a thesis titled The Residual Strength of Soils and Landslide Stability.

Before entering parliament, he worked as an engineer for the Rangiora County Council, and as director of his family construction company. He also served on the Rangiora District Council, unsuccessfully standing while still at secondary school in 1983, and successfully standing again in 1986 aged 21.

Member of Parliament

Fourth National Government, 1990–1999

Nick Smith has been involved in the National Party since his university days. He stood in the 1990 election as the party's candidate in the Tasman electorate. For the 1996 election, a large slice of Tasman was merged into the neighbouring Nelson electorate. Smith opted to contest Nelson and defeated Labour incumbent John Blincoe in the election. He held Nelson until the 2020 general election.

As well as the full ministerial posts mentioned below, Smith has also been an Associate Minister of the Immigration, Social Welfare and Treaty Negotiation portfolios.

Cabinet Minister
In 1996, after serving six years in parliament, Smith was elevated to Cabinet, becoming Minister of Conservation. With this appointment, he replaced the outgoing Minister, Denis Marshall, who had resigned as an eventual consequence of the Cave Creek disaster. In 1997 he gained the additional responsibility of Minister of Corrections. In early 1999, he dropped the Corrections portfolio and became Minister of Education. When National was defeated in the 1999 general election, Smith continued to serve as his party's education spokesperson.

Opposition years, 1999–2008

Leadership struggles
Nick Smith was a supporter of Bill English's bid to replace Jenny Shipley as party leader. When English was successful, Smith's position within the party rose. When English was himself challenged by Don Brash, Smith was one of English's strongest defenders, working very hard to win support against Brash. Eventually, however, English was defeated.

Smith was appointed to the position of deputy leader, presumably to placate members of the English camp. He took up this position on 28 October 2003. Soon, however, he was challenged from within the party based on his behaviour after his elevation, which critics described as "irrational" and "paranoid". Smith's defenders said that the claims were exaggerated and that Smith was merely suffering from stress and exhaustion. Smith returned to Nelson on "stress leave".

When Smith returned to parliament, however, he found himself challenged for the deputy leadership by Gerry Brownlee. Smith and his supporters were angry at this, saying that Brownlee's supporters had taken advantage of Smith's absence to deliberately misrepresent Smith as unstable. Smith was also angry that neither Brownlee nor Brash (who appeared now to support Brownlee) had given any indication of the upcoming challenge. Smith was defeated and lost the deputy leadership on 17 November 2003.

Contempt of Court
In late March 2004, Smith was found guilty of contempt of court. He had been asked to assist a constituent with a Family Court case and made several public comments which broke the court's confidentiality rules and were also found to have pressured a witness in the case. Smith's defence was that he was exercising his responsibility as a constituency MP to aid a constituent and that his public utterances in the matter had served the public interest, but these claims were rejected by the court. The Speaker, Jonathan Hunt, held that contempt of court was insufficient to warrant expulsion from Parliament, as it did not fall within the statutory definition of a crime.

Smith considered seeking a renewed public mandate through a by-election, but no by-election was held after leaders of other parties criticised the idea. Smith stood again in the 2005 general election and kept his seat with a greatly increased majority, his personal share of the vote increasing from 46.8% to 54.9% and his overall majority from 4,232 to 10,226.

Fifth National Government, 2009–2017
When National and the new leader, John Key, won the 2008 general election, Smith was appointed Minister for the Environment, Minister Responsible for Climate Change Issues, and Minister for the Accident Compensation Corporation, and was ranked sixth in Cabinet.

Defamation case 2010
In April 2010, The New Zealand Herald reported that Smith had his legal fees for two separate defamation cases in 1999 and 2005 paid by the taxpayer. Smith stated that the legal fees for the 2005 case "totalled about $270,000."

In June 2010, the New Zealand Herald reported that preservatives producer Osmose New Zealand was taking a defamation case against Smith in the High Court in Auckland. Osmose New Zealand alleges that Smith's statements made in July 2005 about the timber product, T1.2, destroyed the product's reputation caused the company to lose more than $14 million in estimated profits.
 On 10 June 2010, Smith settled the case by issuing an apology and making an undisclosed payment. Smith was quoted by the Dominion Post as saying "No public money is involved in the settlement, although I have been very grateful to have received $209,000 of public money from the Parliamentary Service".

Climate change
Smith has been the National Party's Climate Change spokesman when in opposition and has held the post of Minister for Climate Change Issues.

In May 2005, Smith, while criticising the Labour Government's proposed carbon tax, stated to Parliament that the National Party intended to move to a comprehensive emissions trading permit system.

In November 2005, Smith made several statements criticising the Labour Government's proposed policy of implementing a carbon tax:
"The madness of the Government's new carbon tax is that New Zealanders will be the only people in the world paying it. It will drive up the costs of living and undermine the competitiveness of New Zealand business for negligible environmental gain."
"Labour Ministers may take pride in being toasted at International Climate conferences for being so bold and brave, but there is no justification for New Zealand going out in the cold by itself on this issue."
"New Zealand's greenhouse gas emissions made up only 0.4% of the global total and on a per capita basis our emissions are half those of countries like Australia and the United States. We are the only Southern Hemisphere country with binding legal obligations under Kyoto and giants like China and India have got off scot-free."

From January 2008, Smith was giving speeches as National's Climate Change Spokesman. In one speech, he stated there was no question that the destabilising of the earth's climate, caused by increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, was the "number one environmental issue".

After the 2008 general election, Smith was appointed Minister for Climate Change Issues. The Nelson Mail described the appointment as the logical choice given Smith's role as the National Party's climate change spokesman and his role in the National 'Blue-Green' group.

In December 2008, Smith announced a review of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme which had only just been adopted in September via the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008.

On 24 September 2009, Smith introduced the Climate Change Response (Moderated Emissions Trading) Amendment Bill for its first reading in Parliament. This bill amended the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme and it received the Royal assent on 7 December 2009.

In November 2009, Smith stated in a speech to Federated Farmers that climate change is a global tragedy of the commons. It has significant consequences and the harm will fall on future generations. Economically, in terms of trade access, and environment, New Zealand must do its fair share. As it is a complex diabolical problem with huge economic implications for societies based on fossil fuel use, climate change policies must be substantive and realistic.

In 2010, Smith was reported by The Press as saying the basic science of climate change was sound and that climate deniers who leapt on errors by the IPCC should subject their "flaky" research to the same level of scrutiny as the IPCC reports.

Resignation
Smith resigned from all his Cabinet portfolios on 21 March 2012, after admitting that he had written on Minister for Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) letterhead to the Chief Executive of the ACC on behalf of a former National Party activist. In accepting the resignation, John Key said "it's quite clear he should have made his conflict of interest also known, he shouldn't have had anything to do with the complainant, he should have delegated that responsibility as other ministers do".

Housing, conservation, and environment

On 22 January 2013, Smith was returned to the Cabinet and appointed to the Offices of Minister of Conservation and Minister of Housing.

Smith was re-elected in Nelson during the 2014 general election, defeating Labour candidate Maryan Street by 7,605 votes. Following the re-election of National, he served as Minister of Building and Housing and Minister of Environment.

Opposition, 2017–2021
Nick Smith was re-elected in Nelson during the 2017 general election, defeating Labour candidate Rachel Boyack by 4,283 votes. He became National's Spokesperson for Electoral Reform and State Services (including Open Government) portfolios in the Shadow Cabinet of Simon Bridges. Smith was named as the party's new spokesperson for Crown–Māori Relations in January 2019.

In March 2018, Smith became the Father of the House in March 2018, having served continuously since the 1990 general election. Following his resignation in June 2021, Smith was succeeded as "Father of the House" by Speaker of the House Trevor Mallard.

Smith, in his capacity as National's electoral reform spokesperson, criticized in March 2019 the Labour members of Parliament's Justice Select Committee for blocking China expert and political scientist Anne-Marie Brady from testifying at a select committee hearing about interference from the Chinese Communist Party and its local proxies in the 2017 general election. Raymond Huo, the Chair of the Justice Select Committee, had declined Brady's application on procedural grounds that she had submitted her application five months after the deadline in September 2018. Smith criticized the Labour members of the select committee for blocking Brady because it ignored Justice Minister Andrew Little's instruction that the committee considers the issue of foreign interference. As a result, the Labour Government reversed its initial decision to exclude Brady.

On 8 May 2019, Smith was named by Speaker Mallard for misconduct in the house. No MP had been named by the Speaker since 2006, when Smith was named by Assistant Speaker Ann Hartley. Smith had also been named on two earlier occasions: in 2001 by Chairperson of the Committee of the Whole House Geoff Braybrooke, and in 2003 by Speaker Jonathan Hunt.

On 25 June 2020, Smith was escorted out of the House of Representatives by the Serjeant-at-Arms for refusing to leave when asked to by the Assistant Speaker, Adrian Rurawhe, who was enforcing the earlier ejection of Smith because he was arguing with Speaker Mallard. As he was leaving, Smith shouted, "what sort of a Nazi establishment is running the place, seriously." Smith is the first person to be escorted out of the House by the Serjeant-at-Arms since the late 1980s, when Robert Muldoon was escorted out.

During the 2020 New Zealand general election, Smith lost his seat in Nelson to Labour candidate Rachel Boyack by a final margin of 4,525 votes. However, Smith was re-elected to Parliament on the National Party list.

Owing to the resignation of fellow National MP David Carter at the 2020 general election, Smith became the sponsor of a private member's bill seeking to repeal the controversial Electoral (Integrity) Amendment Act 2018. Smith's member's bill was defeated during its second reading on 9 June 2021 when the Labour Party used its parliamentary majority to block its passage. The second reading was deferred until 9 June 2021. The repeal bill was defeated by 65 (Labour) to 55 (National, Greens, ACT, and the Māori Party).

Retirement from Parliament
On 31 May 2021, Smith released a statement announcing his resignation from Parliament, to take effect on 10 June. In his statement he said that he had decided some time earlier that he would not serve the full parliamentary term, as following the loss of his electorate seat, he had found that being a list MP "is just not me," and there had also been "recent changes in family circumstances which require me to give greater support." Concerning the precise timing of his resignation, however, he said that "Parliamentary Services have been conducting a confidential inquiry into a verbal altercation in my Wellington office last July that has not concluded" and that he had been advised on 28 May that the existence of the inquiry and its details had been leaked to the media, and would be published on 1 June. He further said in his statement that "It is inappropriate for employment disputes to be litigated in public. I will put on the record that I regret the incident, I apologised at the time and I apologise again today. I have decided the best course of action for the parties involved, the National Party, my family and myself is to retire now." 1 News reported that "Smith had a complaint from a male staffer saying he was being bullied by the veteran MP," while the New Zealand Herald understood the altercation to be "with a young staff member who had worked there for less than a year prior to the incident." On 1 June, Stuff reported that the complaint that led to the inquiry had been made by a second staffer who overheard the alleged altercation and that this staffer had made an audio recording. Smith is seeking access to this recording, which has delayed the conclusion of the inquiry. Former staffers claimed that Smith's behaviour was well known to everyone in parliament, including all National Party leaders as far back as Jim Bolger. A former MP said that Smith had a "volatile personality" and was frequently "outright rude to officials and staffers." Newsroom later reported that the Parliamentary Service investigation had widened its scope from the July 2020 incident to look at Smith's treatment of his staff throughout his time in politics and that Smith believed that the resulting report would be "devastating for both him and his career."

The media story containing the full details of the incident anticipated by Smith's statement did not appear on 1 June, but the next day Richard Harman of Politik published an article alleging that National leader Judith Collins had been the one to tell Smith that the inquiry had been leaked to the media and would shortly be revealed to the public, and hence "It appears either by accident or intent that Collins forced Smith's resignation because of her claims of the imminent publication of the story." Harman reported that Collins had told her caucus in early May 2021 that a scandal involving one of them would soon break, without naming the MP in question. He further suggested that Collins was likely to have known of the incident since it occurred in July 2020, and noted that Smith's presumptive replacement in Parliament, Harete Hipango, had told the Whanganui Chronicle that experienced political figures had briefed her that it was only a matter of time before she returned. Collins refused to confirm or deny having told Smith of the supposed leak, on the grounds that she did not discuss conversations that she had had with her MPs. She did acknowledge having learned of the alleged altercation in late 2020, and also questioned the legality of the recording of it. Newshub reported that Smith had been under the impression that its political editor Tova O'Brien was the reporter about to break the story, but that in fact, no such story existed.

Smith gave his valedictory speech on the afternoon of 10 June 2021, and his resignation from Parliament took effect at midnight that night.

In December 2021, Stuff and Newsroom obtained access to the draft version of the report on Smith's behaviour and described its contents, with responses from Smith and the allegedly bullied staffer.

Mayor of Nelson
On 8 October 2022, Nick Smith was elected as Mayor of Nelson during the 2022 New Zealand local elections, succeeding the outgoing incumbent Mayor Rachel Reese. Smith defeated second highest polling candidate Matt Lawrey by a margin of 9,302 votes. During the mayoral race, Smith campaigned against the Government's Three Waters reform programme. Following his election as Mayor, Smith stated that the Nelson City Council would focus on recovering from the August 2022 storms that damaged the city, and boosting the local economy.

Political views
In 2003 Smith voted against the Death with Dignity Bill, a bill aiming to legalise euthanasia in New Zealand.

In 2004 Smith voted against the Civil Union Act 2004 and the Relationships (Statutory References) Act.  Smith also voted for the Marriage (Gender Clarification) Amendment Bill, which would have amended the Marriage Act to define marriage as only between a man and woman.

In 2012 Smith voted against the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Bill, a bill allowing same-sex couples to marry in New Zealand. In his valedictory speech in 2021 he said that this vote was "an issue I got wrong," a change of view that he credited in part to family circumstances, and he apologised "to New Zealand's LGBT+ community."

In 2018, Smith vocalised support for human and civil rights as enshrined in the Bill of Rights 1689, during a debate on the Electoral (Integrity) Amendment Bill.

References

External links

Nick Smith MP official site
Profile at National party

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1964 births
Living people
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
New Zealand National Party MPs
University of Canterbury alumni
Local politicians in New Zealand
New Zealand education ministers
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates
New Zealand list MPs
People educated at Rangiora High School
People from Rangiora
Government ministers of New Zealand
21st-century New Zealand politicians
20th-century New Zealand engineers
20th-century New Zealand politicians
Candidates in the 2017 New Zealand general election
Candidates in the 2020 New Zealand general election

Nick Smith (New Zealand politician)


Un caiac este o barcă mică și îngustă, ascuțită la ambele capete, condusă cu una sau două padele.

Ambarcațiuni
Caiac-canoe

Caiac


Andrés Gregorio Guerra Landero (né le  à San Jacinto, Bolívar, décédé le  à Carthagène des Indes) est un musicien et compositeur colombien. Il était connu sous le nom de « El Rey de la cumbia » (le roi de la cumbia).

Biographie
Andrés Landero est né à San Jacinto, son père était le joueur de cornemuse Andrés Guerra et sa mère Rosalba Landero. À la maison, il a grandi dans un environnement musical. Dès l'âge de huit ans, il prend l'habitude de visiter les montagnes et apprend les sons de la nature, ce qui l'a aidé plus tard dans sa veine artistique en tant que compositeur. En 1950, il commence sa carrière. Parallèlement, il s'est fait connaître en tant qu'interprète en participant à toutes les festivités et  qui avaient lieu dans ces villes. Depuis sa jeunesse, il jouait de l'accordéon. Il a acheté son premier accordéon à Pacho Rada. Il est chargé par Delia Zapata Olivella de faire partie de son groupe de danse qui était en tournée en Europe. Il se souvient également de , composée par Adolfo Pacheco, car il l'a arrangée et a été le premier à la jouer.

Il forme son propre groupe et commence à participer à des concours auxquels il ressort vainqueur. Il est proclamé «  » (« roi de la cumbia ») à El Banco, Magdalena, «  » à Sincelejo, «  » à Arjona, Bolívar (1969) et «  » (1968). Il participera cinq fois au Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata, obtenant deux secondes places et deux troisièmes places. Son premier groupe est formé avec Eduardo Lora comme chanteur, Carlos Caro à la guacharaca et José Tobías à la caja. Les voyages commencent et Landero se rend au Venezuela, au Panama, en République dominicaine et au Mexique. Au Mexique, il est déclaré «  ».

Il était populaire en Colombie et à l'étranger, notamment aux États-Unis où les colonies colombiennes étaient toujours au courant de ses performances et de ses enregistrements. Parmi ses admirateurs, qui comptaient des personnalités du monde des arts et de la littérature, se trouvaient également d'importants hommes politiques. Il décède d'une crise cardiaque le  à Carthagène des Indes après avoir été hospitalisé dans la même ville.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en février 1932
Décès en mars 2000
Chanteur colombien
Musicien de cumbia
Décès à 68 ans

Andrés Landero


Vindaks (Apera spica-venti) er en enårig plante i græs-familien. Den er 30-100 centimeter høj med en rigt forgrenet blomsterstand af enblomstrede småaks. Den er vidt udbredt i Europa, Nordasien og dele af Nordamerika. I Danmark findes vindaks hist og her som ukrudt mellem korn, især mellem rug på sandede jorder.

Kendetegn
Bladene er flade, smalle og ru med en skedehinde på 3-10 millimeter. De énblomstrede småaks er grønlige eller rødviolet anløbne og sidder i en op til 30 centimeter lang rigt forgrenet top med tynde og ru grene. Blomstens dækblad har en stak, der er 3-4 gange så lang som selve dækbladet.

Ukrudt
Vindaks er i Danmark en ældgammel ukrudtsplante på lette og sandede jorder, især i rugmarker. Den stammer sandsynligvis oprindelig fra Sydøsteuropa. I nogle rugmarker kan planten være så almindelig, at der dannes et slør over marken af dens rigt forgrenede blomsterstande.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Arne og Anna-Lena Anderberg: Den virtuella floran, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet

Græs-familien

Vindaks


سبديات  ، هي رتبة من الطيور.

التصنيف
تحتوي على الفصائل التالية :
 فصيلة : Steatornithidae
 فصيلة : فم الضفدع
 فصيلة : طائر البوتو
 فصيلة : طائر السبد ، Caprimulgidae
 فصيلة : Eurostopodidae

مراجع

الظهور الأول في العصر الباليوسيني
تصنيف الطيور
رتب الطيور

سبديات


La Commission de gouvernement était un organisme non élu qui a gouverné le Dominion de Terre-Neuve de 1934 à 1949. Établi à la suite de l'effondrement de l'économie de Terre-Neuve pendant la Grande Dépression, il fut dissous lorsque le dominion devint la dixième province du Canada le 31 mars 1949. Il était composé de fonctionnaires directement subordonnés au gouvernement britannique à Londres.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des premiers ministres de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
 Histoire militaire du Dominion de Terre-Neuve pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale

Liens externes
 Commission of Government 1934-1949

Politique à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador

Commission de gouvernement


ليطمئن قلبي هو آخر كتب المفكر التونسي محمد الطالبي. وقد صدر الجزء الأول منه تحت عنوان «قضية الإيمان».
 صدر هذا الكتاب عن دار سراس للنشر، تونس في أكتوبر/تشرين الأول 2007، في حجم متوسط وفي 294 ص.
 يتكون الكتاب من توطئة عنوانها «طلب الحقيقة عين الحداثة وغايتها»، وعشرة فصول، وخاتمة.
 تهجم محمد الطالبي في هذا الكتاب على ما أسماه «الانسلاخسلامية» تحاشيا منه استعمال مصطلح الردة حيث أنه يرفض «حكم الردة لتناقضه مع القرآن» (ص 12). وفي هذا الإطار ركز هجومه على مفكرين اثنين هما الفرنسي من أصل جزائري محمد أركون والتونسي عبد المجيد الشرفي، كما تهجم على البابا بنوان 16.
 أثار هذا الكتاب وما يزال جدلا حادا على أعمدة الصحافة التونسية بين مؤيد لمحمد الطالبي ومعارض له، ومن أهم من أيده المفكر التونسي أبو يعرب المرزوقي والمسؤول السابق على مصلحة الرقابة أنس الشابي (انظر جريدة الصباح بتاريخ 11 ماي/أيار 2008)... في حين عارضه آخرون من بينهم أحميدة النيفر أحد مؤسسي الإسلاميين التقدميين، وعدد آخر من طلبة الشرفي.
 ملخص الكتاب حيث تتناول قصة شاب وفتاة تتباين طرق تفكيرهما كليًّا، فلا يتفقان ولو لمرة واحدة، جمعتهما حافلة، وفي الحافلة العديد من الحكايا من حزن وفرحٍ وصبرٍ ورضا، والعديد من النقاشات الحادة، فيحكي لها عن كل ما مرا به سويًّا، ابتداءً من المشاحنات التي كانت بينهما، مرورًا بحكاية الخالة آمنة وعم أحمد الكفيف، وريحانة، ووصولًا لقصة إلحاد هشام الذي كان يخفي إلحاده، وما حدث بينهما من انجذابٍ دون أن يشعرا واعترافها في النهاية وطلبه الزواج منها وثم رفضه لها واختفائها المفاجئ، والحقيقة الصادمة التي تلقاها من وعد على حين غفلةٍ منه، والتي أيقن بسببها أنه كان مغفلًا، وقد عَلِم أصدقاءه بأمره.

كتب باللغة العربية
كتب 2007

ليطمئن قلبي


Devin Ebanks (* 28. Oktober 1989 in Queens, New York) ist ein US-amerikanischer Basketballspieler.

Karriere
Ebanks spielte zwischen 2008 und 2010 College-Basketball für das Team der West Virginia University. In seinem ersten Jahr wurde er rund 30 Minuten pro Spiel eingesetzt und erzielte durchschnittlich 10,5 Punkte, 7.8 Rebounds und 2.7 Assists. Im zweiten Jahr bekam er bekam pro Partie vier Minuten mehr Spielzeit und konnte seine Statistiken noch einmal verbessern, so dass ihm durchschnittlich 12,0 Punkte, 8,1 Rebounds und 2,4 Assists gelangen. Daraufhin meldete er sich zum NBA-Draft 2010 an, bei dem er in der zweiten Runde an 43. Stelle von den Los Angeles Lakers ausgewählt wurde. Als er in die NBA wechselte, waren seine Bestleistungen am College unter anderem 22 Punkte und 18 Rebounds.

In seiner ersten Saison für die Lakers wurde er 20 Mal eingesetzt und erzielte in durchschnittlich in 5,9 Minuten pro Spiel 3,1 Punkte erzielen. In seiner zweiten Saison bekam er rund dreimal so viel Spielzeit, konnte damit allerdings nur 0,9 Punkte mehr pro Spiel erzielen. In der ersten Runde der NBA Play-offs 2012 stand er in sechs von sieben Spielen gegen die Denver Nuggets in der Starting Five und konnte durchschnittlich 4,7 Punkte erzielen. Er zog mit den Lakers in die zweite Runde ein, in der er allerdings nur noch in zwei Spielen mitspielte und schließlich mit seinem Team nach vier Spielen dem späteren Vizemeister Oklahoma City Thunder unterlag.

2013 wechselte Ebanks zum Farmteam der Dallas Mavericks, zu den Texas Legends in die D-League.

Weblinks

 Devin Ebanks – Spielerprofil auf espn.go.com (englisch)
 Devin Ebanks – College-Spielerprofil auf statsheet.com (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Mann
Basketballspieler (Los Angeles Lakers)
Geboren 1989
US-Amerikaner

Devin Ebanks


Casiquiare Kanalı, Venezuela'da Orinoco ve Amazon Nehir sistemleri birbirine bağlayan yeryüzünün en büyük bifurkasyonu (bilimsel literatürde, nehirlerin çatallanıp kollara ayrılması). Brazo Casiquiare Nehri, yukarı Orinoco'da dala ayrılır ve Rio Negro üzerinden Amazonlara akar. Su seviyesine göre Brazo Casiquiare'nin suyu kuzeye doğru da, yani Orinoco istikametinde de akar.

Bu bifurkasyon 1800'de Alexander von Humboldt tarafından onaylandı. Yaklaşık 1750 yılında bir ispanyol misyoner tarafından tarifi yapılmıştı.

Venezuela'daki nehirler
Venezuela'daki biyosfer rezervleri
Orinoco Havzası
Rio Negro (Amazon)

Casiquiare Kanalı