21 Jump Street is an American police procedural television series that aired on the Fox network and in first-run syndication from April 12, 1987 to April 27, 1991, running for 103 episodes. The series focuses on a squad of youthful-looking undercover police officers investigating crimes in schools, gangs, and other teenage venues. It was originally going to be titled Jump Street Chapel, after the deconsecrated church building in which the unit has its headquarters, but was changed at Fox's request so as not to mislead viewers into thinking it was a religious program.

Created by Patrick Hasburgh and Stephen J. Cannell, the series was produced by Patrick Hasburgh Productions and Stephen J. Cannell Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television. Executive Producers included Hasburgh, Cannell, Steve Beers and Bill Nuss. The show was an early hit for the fledgling Fox network, and was created to attract a younger audience. The final season aired in first-run syndication mainly on local Fox affiliates. It was later rerun on the FX cable network from 1996 to 1998.

The series provided a spark to Johnny Depp's nascent acting career, garnering him national recognition as a teen idol. Depp found this status irritating, but he continued on the series under his contract and was paid $45,000 per episode. Eventually he was released from his contract after the fourth season.

A spin-off series, Booker, was produced for the character of Dennis Booker (Richard Grieco); it ran only one season, from September 24, 1989, to May 6, 1990.

A film adaptation directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller was released on March 16, 2012. The film is set in the same continuity as the series, with Johnny Depp, Holly Robinson and Peter DeLuise reprising their characters in cameo appearances. Richard Grieco and Dustin Nguyen also have cameos in the 2014 film sequel 22 Jump Street.

Premise
The series focuses on a group of police officers headquartered at the eponymous address. These young officers all have especially youthful appearances, allowing them to pass for teenagers. Their assignments generally consist of undercover work in high schools or, less commonly, colleges, where they generally investigate drug trafficking and abuse. The show's plots cover issues such as alcoholism, hate crimes, drug abuse, homophobia, AIDS, child abuse, and sexual promiscuity. Similarly, each problem is often solved by the end of the hour-long episode, giving an implicit moral about a particular activity's impact. When the show originally aired, some episodes were followed immediately by public service announcements featuring cast members.

Episodes

Cast

Jeff Yagher was originally cast as Officer Tom Hanson in the pilot. He was replaced after the original pilot episode was filmed, and his scenes were reshot with Johnny Depp. Midway through the first season, Frederic Forrest was replaced by Steven Williams. On the show, Forrest's character Richard Jenko is killed by a drunk driver.

Johnny Depp left the series at the end of the fourth season, but was credited in the first two episodes of the fifth season, despite not having appeared.

David Barry Gray's character was introduced at the end of the fourth season and starred in two episodes of season five with Alexandra Powers. Both episodes were filmed before the fourth season had ended but were not shown until the start of season five. Neither actor was approached in regards to portraying their character in the show's fifth and final season.
Michael DeLuise joined the cast part way through the fifth season and stayed on until late in the season.

Guest stars

Some notable guest stars on the series include:
Dom DeLuise, Josh Brolin, Mindy Cohn, Bridget Fonda, Bobby Rodriguez, Jada Pinkett Smith, Brad Pitt, Vince Vaughn, Barney Martin, Dann Florek, Blair Underwood, Shannen Doherty, John Waters, Rosie Perez, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Mario Van Peebles, Christina Applegate, Pauly Shore, David DeLuise, Bradley Gregg, Jason Priestley, Christopher Titus, Kurtwood Smith, Peri Gilpin, Sarah Buxton, David Paymer, Diedrich Bader, Russell Wong, Kelly Hu, Shannon Tweed, Tim Russ, Thomas Haden Church, Sherilyn Fenn, Rob Estes, Ray Walston, R.J. Williams, Robyn Lively, Peter Berg and Tracy Griffith.

Production

Filming
Set in a fictional city and state (Metropolis, Evergreen State) in the United States, the series was primarily filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was one of the first major television series to use Vancouver as a filming location and helped to establish the city as a center for film production.

Reception
21 Jump Street, along with Married... with Children and The Tracey Ullman Show, debuted in the spring of 1987. All three shows were hits with audiences and helped to establish the then-newly launched Fox network. 21 Jump Street was the first hit series for the Fox network. In August, 21 Jump Street became the first Fox series to win its timeslot against a Big three network series. In the United Kingdom, it was shown on the similarly nascent, and interrelated, Sky One, which had yet to reach a sizeable audience.

Broadcast history

Season 4 was the last season to air on the Fox network. In commentary on the Season 5 DVD set, Peter DeLuise said that Fox had decided to cancel the show after Season 4 because the ratings had fallen below a set limit. Following this season Johnny Depp and Dustin Nguyen left the show. The departure of their characters was never explained in the narrative of the TV series, but in the movie it is explained that Hanson was transferred to the DEA and was later joined by Officer Penhall. The Booker spin-off crossover episode, "Wheels and Deals Part One", is included with 21 Jump Street'''s syndication package, and is also included on the fourth season DVD set.

Officer Dean Garrett (David Barry Gray) makes his first appearance in "Everyday is Christmas". As it became harder for the original cast members to plausibly pass as high school students, his character and Officer Kati Rocky (Alexandra Powers) were intended to be "youthful" replacements, so the show could maintain its original premise of younger-looking cops posing as high school students.

Home media
Anchor Bay Entertainment released all five seasons of 21 Jump Street on DVD in Region 1 between 2004 and 2006.

On October 14, 2009, it was announced that Mill Creek Entertainment had acquired the rights to several Stephen J. Cannell series, including 21 Jump Street, and subsequently re-released the first four seasons. In addition, Mill Creek also released 21 Jump Street - The Complete Series, an 18-disc collection featuring all 103 episodes of the series on DVD on July 27, 2010.

On July 29, 2022, Visual Entertainment will release 21 Jump Street - The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1.

In Region 2, Anchor Bay Entertainment has released all 5 seasons on DVD in the UK. They also released a complete series set on March 5, 2012.

In Region 4, Madman Entertainment has released all five seasons on DVD in Australia. They also released a complete series collection on May 1, 2013.

In Region 2, Pidax Film released a complete series set box set on September 18, 2020, in Germany with all original music intact. German and English audio tracks.

Film adaptation

On March 16, 2012, a feature film sequel to the television series from Sony Pictures was released starring Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum (who are also executive producers) and directed by Phil Lord and Chris Miller with the screenplay written by Michael Bacall from a story by both Hill and Bacall. Johnny Depp, Peter DeLuise, and Holly Robinson briefly reprise their roles as Tom Hanson, Doug Penhall, and Judy Hoffs.

Described in concept by Hill as an "R-rated, insane, Bad Boys-meets-John Hughes-type movie," the film departs from the dramatic style of the series and instead features a comedic tone. The film and series are also set in the same continuity. A sequel titled 22 Jump Street'' was released in 2014.

References

External links

1987 American television series debuts
1991 American television series endings
1980s American crime drama television series
1990s American crime drama television series
1980s American high school television series
1990s American high school television series
1980s American police procedural television series
1990s American police procedural television series
English-language television shows
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television series by Stephen J. Cannell Productions
American detective television series
Television series created by Stephen J. Cannell
Television shows adapted into films
Television shows filmed in Vancouver
Television series about teenagers

21 Jump Street


El Carnaval de Tacna es uno de los más descentralizados del país y de la región, pues congrega en sus corsos a distintos bailes y danzas del Perú, Bolivia, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Brasil, Paraguay, Chile, México, se realiza todos los años entre los meses de febrero y marzo —la fecha depende del miércoles de ceniza— se celebra en distintas locaciones de la ciudad y región de Tacna.

Historia del carnaval de Tacna

El carnaval de Tacna, mezcla la tradición de la migración andina y sus rituales con la religiosidad católica, el cual está presente en los distintos pasacalles - concursos en todos los distritos y locaciones de la ciudad. Las diferentes culturas y costumbres propias y adquiridas son mostradas en forma de danza. Las fechas más importantes son la Gran Parada Folclórica y el Concurso de Remate de Carnaval.

A partir del 2012, el Carnaval Internacional de Tacna es presentado en Palacio de Gobierno.

Danzas Predominantes del Carnaval

Se muestran por orden de mayor participación, ya sea en los pasacalles-concurso, cortamontes o fiesta de alferados.

Tarkada

La tarkada es una danza en parejas de origen Tacneño. Toma el nombre de tarkada, por la tarka, que es el instrumento con el cual se musicaliza la danza. En la ciudad de Tacna, existen dos estilos, uno que proviene de la provincia de Candarave, con la característica y permanente ondeada en alto de los pañuelos en alto, ritmo rápido y haciendo requiebres, danza popular mayormente para los jóvenes, se ve reflejado en los vestuarios donde la pollera de la mujer es más corta y los cánticos alegres.

El otro estilo, también es aimara, pero proviene de la región de Puno, el ritmo es más lento, en el vestuario los detalles son más estilizados, la pollera es más larga, el sombrero es borsalino, los hombres no lo llevan, y en ocasiones el pañuelo es reemplazado por un huichi-huichi, que es una soguilla con detalles de lana.

Activamente participan:
 Tarkada Real Imperial de Camilaca
 Asociación Cultural Sama Inclan
 Asociación Cultural Posito de Plata
 Asociación Cultural Villa Hermosa Candarave
 Asociación Cultural Unión Candarave
 Tarkada Encanto de mi pueblo de Huanuara
 Tarkada Juventud Hijos de Huanuara
 Tarkada Villa Hermosa Candarave
 Tarkada Juventud Candarave
 Tarkada Orgullo de mi Tierra Quilahuani
 Tarkada Folclórica Proyección Cultural Pampa Sitana
 Asociación Folklórica Juventud Raíces de Quilahuani

Luriguayos

Baile aimara, característico por el sonido del chillido de los moseños que son unas flautas de gran tamaño, en la vestimenta predomina el "aguayo", también de allí el nombre, que es una manta con motivos andinos, el baile es bastante rápido pues se está en constante saltos y giros.

La difusión de este baile llegó a Tacna en el año 1958, con poca acogida pues la migración andina, principalmente de Ollaraya y/o Yunguyo - Puno, sitio de donde proviene el baile, era poca, pero un bloque llegó a participar en las actividades carnavalescas de la época como acompañar la reina y el entierro del Ño Carnavalon. El primer bloque de luriguayos solo pudo participar activamente un par de años más.

A comienzos de la década de los 80's la segunda generación retomó la difusión de este baile en mayor número, el primer bloque grande se desintegró y a su vez se formaron más grupos en toda la ciudad.

En la actualidad adquiere una gran acogida por los migrantes, hijos de migrantes y pobladores de Tacna.

Activamente participan:

Comparsas

Las comparsas son un baile típico y tradicional de Tarata llegando a expandirse a las provincias de Candarave y Tacna, se caracteriza por el constante zapateo, a pesar de que las mujeres llevan zapatos-taco, y la marca rápido de paso y desplazamiento y por los cánticos constantes con voz aguda. Cabe mencionar que existen dos tipos de vestimenta: La Típica y de luces, debido a que cada pueblo es diferente, sin embargo la más común es el traje de luces, esta vestimenta es colorida y de tonos llamativos y encendidos.

El acompañamiento musical son quenas, guitarras, acorderones , charango y algunas veces mandolina

Activamente participan:
 Comparsa Juventud de Challaguaya
 Comparsa Generación de Yabroco
 Comparsa Juventud Alegres de Ticaco
 Comparsa Rosario Central de Challaguaya
 Comparsa Juventud San Pablo de Tarucachi
 Comparsa Eléctricos de Talabaya
Comparsa juventud rosario de tarucachi
 Comparsa San José de Challaguaya
 Comparsa Juventud la esperanza de la Yarada-Baja
 Comparsa Santa Lucia de la Yarada
 Comparsa Cultural Tarata
 Comparsa Alegres de Yabroco
 Comparsa San Pedro de Tarucachi
 Comparsa Central Estique Pampa
 Comparsa Santiago de Miculla
 Comparsa Bolognesi de Estique Pampa
 Comparsa Hospicio 60
 Comparsa Tradicional de Estique Pampa

Caporales
ES DE BOLIVIA

A pesar de su mayor número, tienen participación especifica en los pasacalles, durante el carnaval, los jóvenes han logrado extenderla.

Activamente participan:

 Caporales Centralistas Tacna
 Caporales Universitarios Simones De Corazón UNJBG-Tacna
 Caporales Centralistas San Miguel Tacna
 Caporales San Carlos - Filial Tacna
 Caporales Reyes San Pedro
 Caporales Diamantes del Caporal
 Caporales Centralistas Socavón - Tacna
 Caporales Sambos de Corazón
 Caporales San Marcos Perú
 Caporales Huascar - Filial Tacna
 Caporales Antares
 Caporales Reales San Jose

Morenadas
Es de BOLIVIA

A pesar de su mayor número, tienen participación especifica en los pasacalles, durante el carnaval no es su época de apogeo a pesar de ser la danza de mayor participación en la ciudad, pero adquiere protagonismo durante el año.

Activamente participan:

Morenada Señorial Central Tacna
Morenada Imparables Nueva Imagen
Morenada Union Comercial Fanáticos
Poderosa Morenada Bolognesi
Morenada Central Tacna y sus Palomitas
Morenada Auténtica Intocables Nueva Imagen
Morenada San Martín
Morenada San Pedro de Tacna
Morenada Rebeldes de Tacna
Morenada Gran Nueva Alianza

Pasacalles - Concurso

El carnaval de Tacna, es latente en toda la región, por lo cual todos los distritos de la provincia de Tacna, realizan un pasacalle-concurso, el cual recorre las principales arterias de su locación, este se realiza un día sábado, al día siguiente, domingo, el concurso es en algún recinto cerrado para apreciar las coreografías. Participan elencos locales, nacionales e internacionales, siempre está encabezado por el alcalde de la jurisdicción. Se muestra por orden cronológico:

Gran Remate de Carnaval - Parada Folclórica

Es organizado por la Municipalidad Provincial de Tacna; desde el año 1999, a partir del 2011 la organización es conjunta con el Gobierno Regional de Tacna. Se realiza el tercer sábado siguiente al miércoles de ceniza, y es la última actividad carnavalesca , en la que las agrupaciones danzan por las principales calles y avenidas del centro de la ciudad acompañados por un numeroso público que se da cita para espectar la finalización del Carnaval, los grandes ganadores de los anteriores pasacalles en los distritos, además de invitados locales, nacionales e internacionales de lujo, se dan cita en este colorido corso. El recorrido fue cambiando levemente con los años, en este último año se expandió a alrededor de 10 kilómetros y una duración de más de 12 horas. Al día siguiente se realiza el gran concurso de coreografías en el Parque Perú, aunque este último año fue en el Estadio Jorge Basadre.

Ganadores Gran Remate de Carnaval - Parada Folclórica

A partir del año 2011 se añaden 2 categorías más, desaturando la categoría Institucional / Libre.

Fiesta de Alferados

Además de los pasacalles y concursos, en las semanas que se desarrolla este carnaval se realizan diferentes fiestas en toda la ciudad, siendo de mayor presencia en los distritos de Ciudad Nueva, Alto de la Alianza, Cercado y la zona de La Yarada (se llega a congregar hasta 20 fiestas repartidas en el distrito) . Estas fiestan se realizan los fines de semana, donde se congregan alferados, bandas, bailarines, grupos musicales, invitados y amigos del alferado. Las danzas que son temáticas son las Tarkada y los Luriguayos. En estas fiestas se caracteriza las "apjatas" que consiste en dar cajas y cajas de cerveza al alferado, dependiendo la estima de los amigos, va desde algunos pares hasta cifras exorbitantes. La fiesta tiene que rotar es por ello que en el intermedio de la fiesta o al finalizar se elige al nuevo alferado del siguiente año, Actualmente el más grande y organizado es el de los comerciantes de la Av. Coronel Mendoza.

Carnavales Coronel Mendoza

Se realiza el viernes, sábado y domingo posterior al miércoles de ceniza, llamado Tentaciones. La tradición data desde 1990 donde los comerciantes de los principales centros comerciales de la Avenida Coronel Mendoza, se rotaban el célebre cargo de Alferados del Centro Comercial, son tres días fiesta en las cuales los comerciantes dejan de laborar y se dedican a festejar, la avenida se cierra por los grandes escenarios que se arman, llegando a haber hasta cinco escenarios en la misma avenida, se caracterizan por los grandes elencos de danzas y los artistas musicales nacionales e internacionales que se jactan de traer los alferados comerciantes, actualmente participan los alferados de:

 Galerías Coronel Mendoza.
 Asoc. de Comerciantes Túpac Amaru II.
 Centro Comercial Cajamarca.
 Centro Comercial Federico Barreto.

Véase también
 Carnaval en Perú
 Danzas del Perú
 Etnografía del Perú

Referencias

Carnaval en Perú
Tacna
Cultura del departamento de Tacna

Carnaval de Tacna


Baia Sprie (; , ) is a town in Maramureș County, northern Romania. Baia Sprie is situated at a distance of  from Baia Mare.

The town administers three villages: Chiuzbaia (Kisbánya), Satu Nou de Sus (Felsőújfalu), and Tăuții de Sus (Giródtótfalu). Neighbouring communities are the city of Baia Mare and the communes Groși, Dumbrăvița, Șisești, and Desești.

The town was one of the most important mining centers in north-western Romania, exploitation of gold and silver being mentioned in documents written in the Middle Ages, during the time when the Saxons colonized the region. However, recent administrative changes and restructuring of the Romanian mining industry brought this activity to an almost complete halt.

History
The first written mention of the settlement dates back to 1329 as "Civitas in medio monte", in 1406 as "civitas Medii Montis", in 1390, 1452, 1455 as "civitas Felsevbanya", and since 1523 as Felsőbánya. The old Romanian name of the town was Baia de Sus, which means "Upper Mine",  same as in Hungarian.

The town was in Szatmár County, in the Kingdom of Hungary. King Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, as part of treaty with Serbian ruler Despotus Stefan Lazarević, gave him  Baia Sprie as a gift in 1411, until Lazarević' death in 1427. A year later, Lazarević's successor, Despotus Đurađ Branković of Serbia, became lord of Baia Sprie. In 1567, Baia Sprie was annexed by János Zsigmond, Prince of Transylvania. In 1605–1606, 1621–1629, and 1645–1648, the town and the county were part of the Principality of Transylvania.

The 1850 census, conducted in German, recorded 5,427 inhabitants, representing 1,336 families living in 993 houses. As for the nationalities existing at that time, the Hungarians numbered 3,800, Romanians 1,093, Germans 333, Slovaks 140, and Roma 40. In the 1910 census, the following languages were spoken in the township: Hungarian language 93.8%, Romanian language 5.2%, and others 1.0%. At the same census, the following religions were represented: Roman Catholic 52.1%, Greek Catholic 28.1%, Calvinist 13.3%, Judaism 6.1%, and others 0.5%.

After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I and the declaration of the Union of Transylvania with Romania, the Romanian Army took control of the area in the spring of 1919, during the Hungarian–Romanian War. The town officially became part of the Kingdom of Romania in June 1920 under the terms of the Treaty of Trianon which ceded the territory from Hungary. In August 1940, the Second Vienna Award, arbitrated by Germany and Italy, reassigned the territory of Northern Transylvania (which included Baia Sprie) from Romania to Hungary. Towards the end of World War II, however, the town was taken back from Hungarian and German troops by Romanian and Soviet forces in October 1944. The township belonged alternately to the Baia Mare Region (in 1950–1960), Maramureș Region (1960–1968) and, as of 1968, Maramureș County. In the early 1950s, a communist prison camp operated at the mine.

Population

At the 2011 census, 77.9% of inhabitants were Romanians, 17.3% Hungarians, and 4.2% Roma.

The main religious groups in 2002 were 11,344 Romanian Orthodox, 2,739 Roman Catholic, 886 Calvinist, and 636 Greek Catholic.

References

External links

 Photos of the town and its surroundings in the dedicated Flickr group

Towns in Romania
Populated places in Maramureș County
Mining communities in Romania
Monotowns in Romania

Baia Sprie


حجولا هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء جبيل في محافظة جبل لبنان.  ترتفع حجولا ما بين 920 متر و1100 متر عن سطح البحر.

من الناحية التاريخية، يمكن القول أن حجولا قرية قديمة تعود إلى أكثر من 1500 سنة. اسمها سرياني ويعني المكان المستدير، وقد مر في أراضيها الفينيقيون.

تاريخها وسكانها
منذ قرابة الـ 500 سنة ، صار سكان حجولا من المسلمين الشيعة. تقول الوثائق أن حجولا كانت تعدّ 9 بيوت سنة 1569 وصارت تعدّ 34 بيتا قبل بداية الحرب العالمية الأولى في 1914، و23 بيتاً قبل بداية  الحرب الأهليّة اللبنانيّة سنة 1975، أما اليوم، فيبلغ عدد بيوتها 85 بيتاً…

  كان عدد سكانها حوالي 280 نسمة عام 1867، ومع نهاية  ال2016 صار عدد سكانها حوالي 1900 نسمة.

يقال أن حجولا أحرقت مرات عدة من قبل المماليك.

طبيعتها
حجولا تتميّز عن آلاف القرى في هذا الشرق بأنها "قرية الأسماك  المتحجرة" : فيها أحافير، تشكّل اليوم شاهداً على الحياة التي وجدت فيها منذ حوالي الـ 100 مليون سنة، على حد قول علماء الجيولوجيا وخبراء المتحجرات. تشتهر حجولا بتربتها الخصبة الأفضل في جبيل وبأحراشها, وتشتهر بصيدها حيث يتوافد اليها الصيادون يوميا في موسم الصيد.

ان في حجولا، بجمال طبيعتها ومتحجراتها وتاريخها، آفاقاً سياحية واعدة، وملاذاً لمحبّي حياة الطبيعة و نشاطات الهواء الطلق.[2]

أعلام
 محمد إبراهيم

المراجع
[1],[2]: http://houjoula.org/

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء جبيل
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة جبل لبنان
تجمعات شيعية في لبنان
مدن لبنان

حجولا


Hugo Vieira (født 25. juli 1988) er en portugisisk fodboldspiller.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Portugal

Hugo Vieira


An Diglyphosa celebica in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Schltr., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Schltr.. An Diglyphosa celebica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Diglyphosa, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Sulawesi. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Diglyphosa

Diglyphosa celebica


Bryggeskibet er resterne af et stort fragtskib fra middelalderen, som blev fundet under de arkæologiske udgravninger på Bryggen i Bergen efter den store brand i juli 1955. Man mente i første omgang at have fundet to forskellige skibe, men dendrokronologiske undersøgelser afslørerede i slutningen af 1990'erne, at der var tale om det samme skib, og at træet var fældet i 1188.

Historie
Under disse udgravninger, som blev ledet af Asbjørn Herteig, fandt man rester af huse, hvor en del af bygningsdelene var genbrugte dele fra et stort skib. Først troede man at skibet var bygget i den første halvdel af 1200-tallet, for at være hugget op og genbrugt som dele af bygningsfundamenter til nye bygninger på Bryggen. I 1981 havde Herteig fundet dele af fartøjer to separate steder, og dermed konkluderede han, at der var to skibe. Det største fundsted afslørede dele efter det som skulle komme til at hedde Bryggeskibet, mens det andet fundsted blot indeholdt fragmenter fra det andet skibe.

I 1998 kom de første anmodninger om at foretage en dendrokronologisk datering af træværket, og i januar 1999 blev der taget 18 prøver fra de 50 fund samt yderligere 12 fra dem, man mente kom fra det andet skib.

Man fandt også spor efter brand på Bryggeskibet, som man i første omgang troede kom fra bybranden i 1248, men som muligvis kan stamme fra branden i 1198, hvor baglerne stak ild til Bryggen efter at være blevet drevet ud af birkebeinerne.

Der blev ikke fundet tegn på langvarig anvendelse eller slitage, hvilket kan stemme med, at de er hugget op og genbrugt som byggemateriale relativt kort efter, at de var bygget.

I 1999 viste det sig, at alle delene kom fra samme skib. Ved hjælp af dendrokronologiske prøver fandt forskerne ud af, at skibet sandsynligvis var bygget i 1188. Den nye datering gjorde Bryggeskibet enestående, og Arne Emil Christensen jr. fremsatte en hypotese om, at det store skib har været bygget eller brugt af kong Sverre Sigurdsson.

Konstruktion
Der blev fundet i alt 62 dele af det store skib, og de bestod af tre forskellige tværsnit af midterskibet med bundstokke, kølsvin og store tværbjæler i tre højder, som indikerer, at skibet har været 9-10 m bredt. Flere dele fra agterskibet og forskibet viser, at tværsnittet på skibet har været V-formet med spanter udformet i ét stykke. Hak på spantene har vist spor efter mindst femten bordgange.

Yderligere granskning og rekonstruktion, som efter flere årtier producerede en stor rekonstrueret sektion, er nu udstillet på Bryggens Museum. Meget tyder på, at skibet har været et handels- eller langskib af typen busse.

Med en bredde på omkring 10 m har det sandsynligvis været mellem 30 og 40 m langt. Skroget har været relativt fladbunder med stor lasteevne og en flad køl, som måske kan være påsat en yderligere stråkøl for at øge holdbarheden og stabiliteten. Masten var sænket ned gennem en firkantet åbning i bundstokken, som også var en meget kraftig bjælke. Skibet var fremstillet i skovfyr, og det tyder på, at det blev fremstillet i Norge.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Bryggeskipet
 Bryggen

Litteratur
 The Bryggen Papers: Ships and Commodities Fagbokforlaget,

Skibe fra Norge
Arkæologiske fund fra Norge
Bergen
Genstande fra middelalderen fra Norge

Bryggeskibet


Clarina steht für

 Heckel-Clarina, ein seltenes Holzblasinstrument
 Clarina (Gattung), eine Schmetterlingsgattung

Clarina


Victor "Vic" Ruggiero, (conocido también como Bad Vic,Ruggarroo o Lord Sluggo) es un músico, escritor y productor de Nueva York que tocó en varias bandas de ska, como The Slackers, Stubborn All-Stars, SKAndalous All Stars, Crazy Baldhead y The Silencers. También acompañó musicalmente a la banda punk rock Rancid, tanto en vivo como en estudio. Ha lanzado tres álbumes como solista de música acústica, y estuvo a cargo del acompañamiento musical del cantante de ska Chris Murray.

La voz de Ruggiero tiene un distintivo acento del Bronx, así como una cualidad gutural y dura. Sus letras habitualmente tocan temas polémicos, tales como el apocalipsis el humor negro, el descreimiento político, la paranoia, los asesinatos, el amor y el duelo. Sus canciones van desde las baladas narrativas, hasta canciones sin sentido inspiradas por los poetas y escritores de la Generación Beat, como Jack Kerouac y John Lennon respectivamente. Se considera a sí mismo principalmente un organista, aunque también interpreta el piano, el bajo, banjo, guitarra, armónica y percusión.

Ruggiero también trabajó como productor de varios lanzamientos musicales. Su propio sello musical Special Potatoe Records es la plataforma de muchos de sus proyectos, especialmente aquellos en que están involucrados los miembros de la banda The Slackers. Su estilo de producción siempre es el mismo: no eliminar sonidos de grabación que habitualmente se descartan, como puertas que se abren o cierran, músicos afinando cerca de otros que graban, etc. Así sus producciones capturan la atmósfera de una banda en vivo. Ruggiero también es responsable de la producción de lanzamientos de artistas de Ska europeos, como Mr T Bone y The Moon Invaders.

Discografía

Álbumes solistas
 Understanding New Jersey & Living in Sin - 2001
 Alive at the Ladybug House - 2004 (Thought•Squad)
 Mean & Nasty / Yes It's True (7" Single) (2005) (Ska In The World)
 Top Secret Bountry and Clues - 2006 (Also known as "Blues and Clues," and "Bounty and Clues".)
 Hamburguru - 2007 (Ska In The World)
 Something In My Blindspot - 2008 (Moanin' Music)
 On The Ragtime (7" EP Version) (2009) - (Silver Sprocket / Thought•Squad)
 Meatball And Sushi Party (2009) (split EP with The Zoot16 G・B Version) (Ska In The World)
 On The Ragtime (LP Version) (2009) - (Silver Sprocket / Thought•Squad)
 Songs For Clandestine Lovers (2009) (Ska In The World)
 The New Dark Ages - 2009 (split EP with Kepi Ghoulie) (Asian Man Records)
 Don't Feed The Cats In Iraq (collaboration with Phil Nerges) (2010) (Asian Man Records)
 Vic & Friends, Volume 1 - 2010 (Whatevski Records digital release)
 Vic Ruggiero & Maddie Ruthless / The Forthrights - Ska is Dead Club 7" ([Asbestos Records] / Underground Communique)

 Con The Slackers
 The Slackers — 1993
 Better Late Than Never — 1996
 Redlight — 1997
 The Question — 1998
 Before There Were Slackers There Were... (The Nods) - 1999
 Live at Ernesto's [Live] — 2000
 Wasted Days — 2001
 The Slackers and Friends — 2002
 Close My Eyes — 2003
 International War Criminal [EP] — 2004
 Upsettin' Ernesto's [Live] — 2004
 The Slackers/Pulley Split — 2004
 An Afternoon in Dub — 2005
 Slack in Japan [Live] — 2005
 Peculiar — 2006
 The Boss Harmony Sessions - 2007
 Self Medication - 2008
 Lost and Found - 2009
 The Great Rocksteady Swindle - 2010

 Con Chris Murray & The Slackers
 Slackness - 2005

 Con los SKAndalous All-Stars
 Hit Me - 1997
 Punk Steady - 1998
 Age of Insects - 1999

 Con los Stubborn All-Stars
 Open Season - 1995
 Back With a New Batch - 1997
 Nex Music - 1999
 At Version City - 1999

 Con Tremoflex9000
 Tremoflex9000 EP (Black Rhombus)
 America For Sale Como colaborador

 Con Rancid
 Life Won't Wait - 1998
 Writing credits for tracks 5, 8 and 18
 Hammond B3 Organ on tracks 5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 18 and 21
 Piano on tracks 5, 9, 12, 14, 18 and 21
 Percussion on tracks 5 and 18
 Guitar on track 12

 Indestructible - 2003
 Keyboards

 Let the Dominoes Fall -2009
 Keyboards

 Con The Transplants
 Transplants - 2002
 Hammond B3 Organ on tracks 2, 6, and 7
 Hammond B3 Organ/Piano on tracks 9, 10, and 12
 Haunted Cities - 2005
 Wurlitzer, Farfisa on track 6

 Con Pink
 Try This - 2003
keyboards

Con P.O. Box
 InBetweenTheLines - 2009
Keyboards and Additional Guitars on track 7:Skinocracy

Enlaces externos
 Vic Ruggiero's website
 Interview with Ruggiero from Tastes Like Chicken (2003)
 Interview with Ruggiero from In Music We Trust (1998)
 Interview with Ruggiero from Ska Blah Blah (2007)

Cantantes masculinos de Estados Unidos
Músicos de Estados Unidos
Personas de Nueva York (estado)
Italoestadounidenses

Vic Ruggiero


Angus MacKay (* 1964 in Edinburgh) ist ein schottischer Politiker und Mitglied der Labour Party. Er besuchte die St Augustine's High School und erwarb dann Universitätsabschlüsse in Politik und Neuer Geschichte.

Politischer Werdegang
Im Jahre 1995 wurde MacKay für die Labour Party in den Stadtrat von Edinburgh gewählt. Innerhalb der Partei stieg er schnell auf und bewarb sich bei den ersten Schottischen Parlamentswahlen 1999 um das Direktmandat des Wahlkreises Edinburgh South. Mit deutlichem Vorsprung vor der SNP-Kandidatin Margo MacDonald und dem Liberaldemokraten Mike Pringle errang er das Mandat und zog in das neugeschaffene Schottische Parlament ein. Im ersten Kabinett unter dem First Minister Donald Dewar wurde Mackay zum stellvertretenden Staatssekretär für Justiz ernannt. Bei der Kabinettsumbildung nach Dewars Tod im Jahre 2000 war MacKay in die Wahl von Henry McLeish als dessen Nachfolger involviert. Dieser bestellte ihn als Jack McConnells Nachfolger zum Staatssekretär für Finanzen. Iain Gray übernahm MacKays Position als stellvertretender Staatssekretär für Justiz. 2001 trat McLeish zurück und Jack McConnell wurde zum Nachfolger gewählt. Bei der folgenden Kabinettsumbildung verlor MacKay seinen Posten an Andy Kerr. Bei den Parlamentswahlen 2003 verlor MacKay sein Direktmandat knapp an den Liberaldemokraten Mike Pringle und schied aus dem Parlament aus. Zu späteren Wahlen trat MacKay nicht mehr an.

Weblinks
 Informationen auf den Seiten des Schottischen Parlaments

Einzelnachweise

Abgeordneter im Schottischen Parlament
Mitglied der Scottish Labour Party
Schotte
Brite
Mann
Geboren 1964
Politiker (Edinburgh)
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)

Angus MacKay (Politiker)


Le dolmen de Ménez-Liaven est un dolmen situé sur la commune de Pluguffan, dans le département français du Finistère.

Historique
Il est classé au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du 8 avril 1922.

Description
Le dolmen est constitué de trois piliers, dont deux supportent une unique table de couverture très inclinée.  La chambre a été fouillée à une période inconnue.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Sites mégalithiques du Finistère
 Liste des monuments historiques du Finistère

Ménez-Liaven
Ménez-Liaven
Monument historique dans le Finistère
Monument historique classé en 1922

Dolmen de Ménez-Liaven


كأس العالم للشباب تحت 20 سنة 2011  هي النسخة الثامنة عشر من كأس العالم تحت 20 سنة منذ إنشائها في عام 1977 كبطولة كأس العالم للشباب. مباريات سوف تلعب بين 29 يوليو و 20 أغسطس 2011.

في اجتماع اللجنة التنفيذية عقد في سيدني، كولومبيا تغلبت على المرشح الوحيد الآخر فنزويلا عندما أعلن في 26 مايو 2008. وكان اقترح نائب الرئيس، فرانشيسكو سانتوس كالديرون أن هناك حاجة إلى الانسحاب من السباق مع البرازيل لاستضافة كأس العالم 2014 حتى يتمكنوا من التركيز على استضافة أفضل العاب ممكنة.

في جولة تفقدية لأعمال التطوير في مارس 2010، جاك وارنر، نائب رئيس الفيفا، قال أن انجاز هذه المسابقة يمكن أن توفر كولومبيا مع نقطة انطلاق لتصبح المضيفة المحتملة لكأس العالم لكرة القدم 2026.

الشعار
يوم 30 سبتمبر 2009، أعلن رؤساء كل من الفيفا وكولومبيا بأن الشعار سوف يظهر فنجان من القهوة مع تبخير الألوان من الالوان الثلاثة في كولومبيا.

التنظيم
في أواخر 2009 كشف الاتحاد الكولومبي لكرة القدم عن ميزانية تنظيم الحدث، والتي هي 150 مليار بيزو كولومبي. (تقريبا 75 مليون دولار أمريكي)

الأماكن
الأماكن أكدت يوم 29 سبتمبر 2010 هي: بوغوتا، كالي، ميديلين، مانيزاليس، أرمينيا، قرطاجنة، بيريرا وبارانكويلا.

خلال الإعلان عن إجراءات حجز تذاكر السفر للمقيمين الكولومبيين، كان قد أعلن بأن المباراة الافتتاحية سوف تقام ملعب متروبوليتانو روبيرتو ميلينديز في بارانكويلا، مع استضافة ملعب إل كامبين المباراة النهائية.

في جولات في العملية لإعادة تشكيل أو توسيع.

التصفيات

بالإضافة إلى الدولة المضيفة كولومبيا، 23 دولة سوف تتأهل من 6 اتحادات قارية منفصلة.

1.فرق سوف تشارك لأول مرة.

القوائم

دور المجموعات
قرعة دور المجموعات أقيمت يوم 27 إبريل 2011، في مركز مؤتمرات خوليو سيزار تورباي أيالا في قرطاجنة. التصانيف كانت كالتالي.

الفائزون والوصيفين من كل مجموعة، فضلاً عن الأفضل أربعة فرق المركز-الثالث، سوف يتأهلون إلى الدور الأول من دور خروج المغلوب (دور الـ16).

؛معايير كسر-التعادل

حيث أثنين أو فرق أكثر ينهون دور المجموعات مع نفس العدد من النقاط، ترتيبها يحدد من المعايير التالية:
 فرق الأهداف في كل مباريات المجموعة؛
 عدد الأهداف المسجلة في كل مباريات المجموعة؛
 نقاط كسبت في المباريات بين الفرق المعنية؛
 فرق الأهداف في المباريات بين الفرق المعنية؛
 عدد الأهداف المسجلة في مباريات المجموعة بين الفرق المعنية؛
 سحب القرعة من قبل اللجنة المنظمة.

ترتيب فرق مركز ثالث في كل مجموعة يحدد من المعايير التالية، أعلى أربعة يذهبون إلى دور الـ16:
 عدد النقاط
 فرق الأهداف في كل مباريات المجموعة؛
 عدد الأهداف المسجلة في كل مباريات المجموعة؛
 سحب القرعة من قبل اللجنة المنظمة.

جميع أوقات البداية محلية (ت ع م-05:00).

مجموعة 1

مجموعة 2

مجموعة 3

مجموعة 4

مجموعة 5

مجموعة 6

ترتيب فرق المركز-الثالث

دور خروج المغلوب

دور الـ16

ربع النهائي

نصف النهائي

مباراة المركز الثالث

النهائي

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

 FIFA U-20 World Cup Colombia 2011, FIFA.com
 RSSSF > FIFA World Youth Championship > 2011
 FIFA Technical Report

كولومبيا في 2011
أحداث أغسطس 2011 الرياضية في أمريكا الجنوبية
أحداث يوليو 2011 الرياضية في أمريكا الجنوبية
الرياضة في بارانكيا
الرياضة في مدينة كالي
بارانكيا في القرن 21
بطولات كأس العالم تحت 20 سنة لكرة القدم
كأس العالم تحت 20 سنة 2011
كرة القدم الكولومبية في 2011
كرة القدم في 2011
منافسات كرة قدم دولية تستضيفها كولومبيا
منافسات رياضية في بوغوتا

كأس العالم تحت 20 سنة لكرة القدم 2011


Prénom

 Azubuike Egwuekwe (1989-), footballeur nigérian ;
 Azubuike Okechukwu (1997-), footballeur nigérian.

Patronyme

 Kelenna Azubuike (1983-), ancien basketteur nigérian ;
 Udoka Azubuike (1999-), basketteur nigérian.

Prénom masculin
Patronyme nigérian

Azubuike


Eskil, Aksaray iline bağlı bir ilçedir.

Eski kaynaklarda daha ziyade "Eski il" olarak geçen Eskil'in ilk kurulduğu yer bugün Gavuröreni olarak bilinen ve ilçenin daha kuzeyinde, Tuz Gölü'nün yakınında bulunan mevkiidir. Anadolu Selçuklu hakimiyeti ile birlikte Sultan II. Kılıçarslan tarafından Eskil ve çevresine Türk boyları yerleştirilerek bölge türkleştirilmiştir.

Osmanlılar zamanında Eskil'inEyalman' Vilayetine bi ağlı Esk-Kâlen  Kazalar grubuna merkezlikCumhurbpşkanlığı Osmanlı Avekaleilayşivi İl Yazıleriı defterinde belirtilmektedir. Geniş yerleşim yerlerine sahip Eskil'de tarihi kalıntılara rastlanılmaktadır. Böğet Köyü, Ortakuyu, Köşk, Hüyüklü, Mutlu, Çulfa, Sağsak ye Tosun Yaylalarında höyükler mevcut olup, mimari eser kalında tılarına rastlanılmaktadır.

Ortakuyu yaylasında Bizanslılardan kalma tiyatro kalıntıları günümüze ulaşmıştır. Bağdat yolu olarak bilinen tarihi yolun taş döşeli kısımlarına Bayramdüğün mevkiinde de rastlanılmaktadır

Eskil merkezinde Selçuklu Hanedanı zamanından kalma Ulu Camii mevcuttur.

Eskil 1929 yılında belde statüsüne kavuşmuştur ve aynı tarihte Eskil Belediyesi kurulmuştur. 1989 yılına kadar Karakol, Taşkapı ve Taşkesik mahalleleri mevcutken bu tarihte mahalle sayısı 11'e yükseltilip, Merkez (5 Yayla), Karşıyaka (2 Yayla), Cumhuriyet (9 Yayla),Mimar Sinan (3 Yayla), Fatih (11 Yayla), Mithatpaşa (7 Yayla), Zafer (5 Yayla), Fevzi Çakmak (7 Yayla), Yıldırım (10 Yayla), Hürriyet (8 Yayla), İstiklal (10 Yayla) şeklinde düzenleme yapılmıştır. İlçeye bağlı Eşmekaya Belediyesi 1971 yılında kurulmuştur. Cami-i Kebir (4 Yayla), Yenimahalle (4 Yayla), Kayacık (3 Yayla), Yeşilyurt (6 Yayla) olmak üzere 4 mahalleden oluşmaktadır.

Eskil, 09.05.1990 tarih ve 3644 sayılı kanunla ilçe statüsüne getirilmiştir.

İlçeye bağlı 1 belde ve 8 köy bulunmaktadır. Merkez İlçe Belediyesi toplam ilçe yüzölçümünün yaklaşık 2/3 ünü kapsamaktadır. Merkeze bağlı 11 mahalle mevcuttur. Merkez, Karşıyaka, Cumhuriyet, Mimar Sinan, Fatih, Mithat Paşa, Zafer, Fevzi Çakmak, Yıldırım, Hürriyet ve İstiklal mahalleleri.

İlçeye bağlı Eşmekaya Belediyesi 1971 yılında kurulmuştur. Camiikebir, Yeşilyurt, Yeni Mahalle ve Kayacık olmak üzere 4 mahalleden oluşmaktadır. Bu mahallelere bağlı 14 yayla bulunmaktadır.

Eskil İlçesine bağlı 8 adet Köy bulunmaktadır. Böğet, Başaran, Güneşli, Bayramdüğün, Celil, Çukuryurt, Katrancı ve Sağsak. Bu köylere bağlı 14 yayla bulunmaktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Eskil Kaymakamlığı
 Yerelnet

Eskil


Labroides bicolor, le Labre mèche blonde ou le Nettoyeur à queue jaune, est une espèce de poissons marins de la famille des Labridae.

Systématique
L'espèce Labroides bicolor a été décrite en 1928 par les zoologistes américains Henry Weed Fowler (1878-1965) et Barton Appler Bean (1860-1947).

Répartition
Labroides bicolor se rencontre depuis l'Est de l'Afrique jusqu'aux îles de la Ligne, des Marquises et de la Société et vers le Nord, jusqu'au Sud du Japon, et, vers le Sud, jusqu'à l'île Lord Howe. Cette espèce est présente entre 2 et  de profondeur avec une plus forte présence entre 2 et .

Description
Labroides bicolor mesure jusqu'à . Cette espèce se nourrit des ectoparasites présents sur la peau des autres poissons.

Étymologie
Son épithète spécifique, du latin , « à deux couleurs », fait référence à sa livrée fortement contrastée.

Publication originale

Notes et références

Liens externes

Bibliographie

 Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, num. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905 .
 Fenner, Robert M. : The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
 Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey : The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
 Hoese, D.F. 1986 : . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
 Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
 Peter B. Moyle & Joseph J. Cech, Jr., 2000 : Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4th Edition -
 Joseph S. Nelson, 1994 : Fishes of the World, 3rd Edition -
 Wheeler, A. : The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

Labridae

Labroides bicolor


Gam, bir müzik parçasının kuruluş şekline göre (majör, minör) belirli bir kalıpta dizilen notalar topluluğu.

İnici gamda ses giderek kalınlaşır yani pesleşir. Ama çıkıcı gamda ses incelir, yani tizleşir. Gamın sekizinci notası baştaki notanın tekrarıdır. Batı müziğinde gamın dereceleri özel harflerle okunur.

A=LA B=Sİ C=DO D=RE E=Mİ F=FA G=SOL

Örnek: Majör gam, 2tam/1yarım/3tam/1yarım şeklinde dizilir.

Örnek (F Majör): F G A B♭ C D E F

minör=1 tam 1 yarım 2 tam 1 yarım 2 tam

Örnek (F Minör): F G A♭ B♭ C D♭ E♭ F

Müzik ölçekleri

Gam


Lussan-Borel (né Louis-Lionel Labrousse à Pointe-à-Pitre le  et mort à Paris  le ) est un danseur et écrivain français, auteur d'un Traité de danse (Paris, 1899, et plusieurs rééditions jusqu'en 1936).

Notes et références

Liens externes

Danseur français du XIXe siècle
Danseur français du XXe siècle
Nom de scène
Nom de plume
Naissance en août 1849
Naissance à Pointe-à-Pitre
Décès en juillet 1914
Décès dans le 10e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 64 ans

Lussan-Borel


Herman Wildenvey, né Herman Theodor Portaas le  à Mjøndalen dans le bourg de Nedre Eiker situé dans l'agglomération de Drammen dans le Comté de Buskerud en Norvège et mort le  à Larvik, est l'un des poètes norvégiens les plus éminents du  et traducteur. Au cours de sa vie, il a publié 44 livres de sa propre poésie, en plus des traductions de William Shakespeare, Ernest Hemingway et Heinrich Heine.

Biographie

Herman Wildenvey est le fils de Lauritz Portaas et de Hanna Kristine Grosvold. Il est né hors mariage. Sa mère est restée célibataire tandis que son père épouse sa sœur cadette. Sa maison d'enfance, d'où il tire son nom de famille à la naissance, s'appelle Portåsen.

En 1904, Herman Portaas voyage aux États-Unis. Le , le paquebot danois SS Norge s'échoue sur un îlot rocheux, le Hasselwood, près de Rockall, situé dans l'Atlantique Nord. Le naufrage se déroule en moins d'une demi-heure. Le bilan final est de 635 morts, dont 225 citoyens norvégiens. Les 160 survivants passent jusqu'à huit jours dans des canots de sauvetage avant d'être secourus. Plusieurs autres personnes sont mortes dans les jours qui ont suivi le sauvetage en raison de leur exposition aux éléments et de la consommation d'eau salée. Herman Portaas, alias Wildenvey fait partie des survivants.

En 1912, il épouse Jonette Kramer Andreassen. Leur nom de famille commun est changé en Wildenvey par déclaration de 1929. De 1913 à 1922, le couple a une résidence à Copenhague, bien qu'il ait passé une grande partie de leur temps à Kristiania (aujourd'hui Oslo).

Après avoir vécu quelques années à Oslo et à Copenhague, le couple s'installe dans la petite ville côtière de Stavern en 1923, où ils construisent leur maison Hergisheim en 1927. Le couple y vit le reste de sa vie.

En 1935, il reçoit le Prix de littérature de la dotation Gyldendal.

En 1955, quatre ans avant sa mort, Herman Wildenvey est fait commandeur de l'Ordre de Saint-Olaf pour le mérite de ses écrits. Il meurt dans la ville de Larvik et est enterré au
Cimetière de Notre-Sauveur à Oslo.

Aujourd'hui sa maison d'enfance, Portåse à Mjøndalen est un musée et un centre culturel honorant sa vie et son écriture. C'est un lieu de rencontre pour les artistes locaux, régionaux et nationaux. Le site comprend une ferme récemment rénovée et des bâtiments de ferme. Stiftelsen Portåsen est l'organisme qui travaille au développement de Portåsen et qui opère en affiliation avec le musée de Buskerud (Buskerudmuseet), une fondation pour la préservation du patrimoine culturel au sein de Buskerud.

La Société Wildenvey (Wildenvey-selskapet) décerne chaque année le Prix de poésie Herman Wildenvey (Herman Wildenveys Poesipris). Le prix est décerné chaque année le , jour anniversaire de sa naissance. L'événement a lieu à Hergisheim, sa maison à Stavern. Le prix comprend une plaque d'ardoise en bronze d'un dessin réalisé par le sculpteur Ørnulf Bast. Le prix est décerné à une personne ou à une institution qui a contribué à susciter l'intérêt pour la poésie d'Herman Wildenvey.

Références

Liens externes

Écrivain norvégien du XXe siècle
Poète norvégien du XXe siècle
Naissance en juillet 1885
Naissance à Drammen
Décès en septembre 1959
Décès à Drammen
Décès à 74 ans
Lauréat du prix Dobloug

Herman Wildenvey


Posthumanizam (što znači "poslije humanizma " ili "izvan humanizma") je teorijski pojam s najmanje sedam definicija prema filozofu Francesci Ferrandu :

 Antihumanizam : svaka teorija koja je kritična prema tradicionalnom humanizmu i tradicionalnim idejama o čovječanstvu i ljudskom stanju .
 Kulturni posthumanizam : odjeljak kulturne teorije kritična prema temeljnim pretpostavkama humanizma i njegovog naslijeđa  koja ispituje i propituje povijesne pojmove "ljudske" i "ljudske nature", često dovodeći u pitanje tipične pojmove ljudske subjektivnosti i utjelovljenja  i nastoji pogurati se dalje od arhaičnih koncepata " ljudske prirode " kako bi razvio one koji se stalno prilagođavaju suvremenom tehnoznanstvenom znanju.
 Filozofski posthumanizam : filozofski smjer  koji se oslanja na kulturni posthumanizam, filozofski dio ispituje etičke implikacije širenja kruga moralnih briga i širenja subjektivnosti izvan ljudske vrste.
 Posthumano stanje : dekonstrukcija ljudskog stanja od strane kritičkih teoretičara .
 Posthumani transhumanizam : transhumanistička ideologija i pokret koji nastoji razviti i učiniti dostupnim tehnologije koje eliminiraju starenje, omogućuju besmrtnost i uvelike poboljšavaju ljudske intelektualne, fizičke i psihološke kapacitete, kako bi se postigla " posthumanska budućnost ".
 Preuzimanje AI -a: varijanta transhumanizma u kojoj ljudi neće biti poboljšani, već će ih na kraju zamijeniti umjetna inteligencija . Neki filozofi, uključujući Nicka Landa, promiču stajalište da bi ljudi trebali prihvatiti i prihvatiti njihovu konačnu smrt.  To je povezano s gledištem o " kozmizmu ", koji podržava izgradnju jake umjetne inteligencije čak i ako to može dovesti do kraja čovječanstva, jer bi po njihovom mišljenju "bila kozmička tragedija ako čovječanstvo zamrzne evoluciju na maloj ljudskoj razini" .
 Dobrovoljno ljudsko izumiranje', koji traži "postljudsku budućnost" koja je u ovom slučaju budućnost bez ljudi.

 Filozofski posthumanizam
Filozof Ted Schatzki predlaže da postoje dvije varijante posthumanizma filozofske vrste:

Jedan, koji on naziva 'objektivizmom', pokušava se suprotstaviti pretjeranom naglašavanju subjektivnog ili intersubjektivnog koji uništava humanizam, te naglašava ulogu neljudskih agenata, bilo da se radi o životinjama i biljkama, ili računalima ili ostalim stvarima.

Drugi daje prioritet praksama, posebno društvenim praksama, nad pojedincima (ili pojedinačnim subjektima) koji, kažu, čine pojedinca.

Potencijalno postoji i treća vrsta posthumanizma, koju je zastupao filozof Herman Dooyeweerd . Iako ga nije označio kao 'posthumanizam', napravio je opsežnu i prodornu imanentnu kritiku humanizma, a zatim konstruirao filozofiju koja nije pretpostavljala ni humanističku, ni skolastičku ni grčku misao, već je započela s drugačijim vjerskim motivom .  Dooyeweerd je dao prednost pravu i smislenosti kao onome što čovječanstvu i svemu ostalom omogućuje postojanje, ponašanje, život, događanje itd. " Značenje je biće svega što je stvoreno ", napisao je Dooyeweerd, "i priroda čak i našeg sebstva."  I ljudi i neljudi podjednako funkcioniraju podložni zajedničkoj 'strani zakona', koja je raznolika, sastavljena od niza različitih zakonskih sfera ili aspekata .  Vremensko biće i ljudskog i neljudskog je višeaspektno; na primjer, i biljke i ljudi su tijela koja funkcioniraju u biotičkom aspektu, a i računala i ljudi djeluju u formativnom i jezičnom aspektu, ali ljudi također funkcioniraju u estetskom, pravnom, etičkom i vjerskom aspektu. Dooyeweerdianska verzija sposobna je inkorporirati i integrirati i objektivističku verziju i verziju praksi, jer omogućuje neljudskim agentima njihovo vlastito subjektivno funkcioniranje u različitim aspektima i stavlja naglasak na aspektualno funkcioniranje.

 Pojava filozofskog posthumanizma
Ihab Hassan, teoretičar akademskog studija književnosti, jednom je izjavio:

Ovakav pogled prethodi većini smjerova posthumanizma koji su se razvili tijekom kasnog 20. stoljeća u donekle različitim, ali komplementarnim, domenama mišljenja i prakse. Na primjer, Hassan je poznati znanstvenik čiji se teorijski radovi izričito bave postmodernošću u društvu .  Izvan postmodernističkih studija, posthumanizam su razvili i implementirali različiti kulturni teoretičari, često kao reakcija na problematične inherentne pretpostavke unutar humanističke i prosvjetiteljske misli.

Teoretičari koji nadopunjuju i suprotstavljaju Hassana uključuju Michela Foucaulta, Judith Butler, kibernetičare kao što su Gregory Bateson, Warren McCullouch, Norbert Wiener, Bruno Latour, Cary Wolfe, Elaine Graham, N. Katherine Hayles, Benjamin H. Bratd S., Stefan Lorenz Sorgner, Evan Thompson, Francisco Varela, Humberto Maturana, Timothy Morton i Douglas Kellner . Među teoretičarima su filozofi, kao što je Robert Pepperell, koji su pisali o " posthumanom stanju ", koje se često zamjenjuje terminom "posthumanizam".

Posthumanizam se razlikuje od klasičnog humanizma time što čovječanstvo vraća na jednu od mnogih prirodnih vrsta, odbacuje sve tvrdnje utemeljene na antropocentričnoj dominaciji.  Prema ovoj tvrdnji, ljudi nemaju inherentna prava uništavati prirodu ili se postavljati iznad nje u etičkim razmatranjima a priori .  Ljudsko znanje je također svedeno na manje kontrolirajući položaj, koji se prije smatrao odlučujućim aspektom svijeta. Ljudska prava postoje u nizu s pravima životinja i postljudskim pravima.  Priznaju se ograničenja i pogrešivost ljudske inteligencije, iako to ne podrazumijeva napuštanje racionalne tradicije humanizma .

Zagovornici posthumanog diskursa sugeriraju da su inovativni napretci i nove tehnologije nadišle tradicionalni model čovjeka, kako je to između ostalih predložio Descartes koji je povezan s filozofijom razdoblja prosvjetiteljstva .  Za razliku od humanizma, diskurs posthumanizma nastoji redefinirati granice koje okružuju moderno filozofsko razumijevanje čovjeka. Posthumanizam predstavlja evoluciju mišljenja izvan suvremenih društvenih granica i temelji se na traženju istine u postmodernom kontekstu. Čineći to, odbacuje prijašnje pokušaje uspostavljanja ' antropoloških univerzalija ' prožetih antropocentričnim pretpostavkama.  Nedavno su kritičari nastojali opisati pojavu posthumanizma kao kritični trenutak u modernosti, argumentirajući podrijetlo ključnih posthumanističkih ideja u modernoj fikciji,  u Nietzscheu,  ili kao modernistički odgovor na krizu povijesnosti.

Iako je Nietzscheova filozofija okarakterizirana kao posthumanistička,    filozof Michel Foucault smjestio je posthumanizam u kontekst koji razlikuje humanizam od prosvjetiteljske misli . Prema Foucaultu, njih dvoje su postojali u stanju napetosti: dok je humanizam nastojao uspostaviti norme, dok je prosvjetiteljska misao pokušavala transcendirati sve što je materijalno, uključujući granice koje je konstruirala humanistička misao.  Oslanjajući se na izazove prosvjetiteljstva granicama humanizma, posthumanizam odbacuje različite pretpostavke ljudskih dogmi (antropoloških, političkih, znanstvenih) i poduzima sljedeći korak pokušavajući promijeniti prirodu mišljenja o tome što znači biti čovjek. To zahtijeva ne samo decentriranje čovjeka u više diskursa (evolucijski, ekološki, tehnološki) nego i ispitivanje tih diskursa kako bi se otkrili inherentni humanistički, antropocentrični, normativni pojmovi ljudskosti i koncepta čovjeka.

 Suvremeni posthumani diskurs
Posthumanistički diskurs ima za cilj otvoriti prostore za ispitivanje što znači biti čovjek i kritički preispitati koncept "ljudskog" u svjetlu trenutnih kulturnih i povijesnih konteksta.  U svojoj knjizi How We Became Posthuman, N. Katherine Hayles, piše o borbi između različitih verzija postljudi dok se ono neprestano razvija zajedno s inteligentnim strojevima.  Takva koevolucija, prema nekim strujama posthumanog diskursa, omogućuje da se njihova subjektivna shvaćanja stvarnih iskustava prošire izvan granica utjelovljene egzistencije. Prema Haylesovom gledištu o posthumanizmu, koji se često naziva tehnološkim posthumanizmom, vizualna percepcija i digitalne reprezentacije tako paradoksalno postaju sve istaknutiji. Čak i kada netko nastoji proširiti znanje dekonstruiranjem percipiranih granica, te iste granice čine stjecanje znanja mogućim. Smatra se da korištenje tehnologije u suvremenom društvu komplicira ovaj odnos.

Hayles raspravlja o prijevodu ljudskih tijela u informaciju (kao što je predložio Hans Moravec ) kako bi rasvijetlio kako su granice naše utjelovljene stvarnosti ugrožene u današnjem dobu i kako uske definicije ljudskosti više ne vrijede. Zbog toga, prema Haylesu, posthumanizam karakterizira gubitak subjektivnosti temeljene na tjelesnim granicama.  Ovaj dio posthumanizma, uključujući promjenu pojma subjektivnosti i narušavanje ideja o tome što znači biti čovjek, često se povezuje s konceptom kiborga Donne Haraway .  Međutim, Haraway se udaljila od posthumanističkog diskursa zbog toga što drugi teoretičari koriste taj izraz za promicanje utopijskih pogleda na tehnološke inovacije kako bi proširili ljudski biološki kapacitet  (iako bi ti pojmovi ispravnije spadali u područje transhumanizma  ).

Iako je posthumanizam široka i složena ideologija, ima relevantne implikacije danas i za budućnost. Pokušava redefinirati društvene strukture bez inherentnog ljudskog ili čak biološkog podrijetla, već radije u smislu društvenih i psiholoških sustava u kojima bi svijest i komunikacija potencijalno mogli postojati kao jedinstveni bestjelesni entiteti. Potom se pojavljuju pitanja u vezi s trenutačnom upotrebom i budućnošću tehnologije u oblikovanju ljudske egzistencije,  kao i nova pitanja vezana uz jezik, simbolizam, subjektivnost, fenomenologiju, etiku, pravdu i kreativnost .

 Odnos s transhumanizmom
Sociolog James Hughes komentira da postoji znatna zbrka između ta dva pojma.   U uvodu svoje knjige o post- i transhumanizmu, Robert Ranisch i Stefan Sorgner govore o izvoru ove zbrke, navodeći da se posthumanizam često koristi kao krovni pojam koji uključuje i transhumanizam i kritički posthumanizam.

Iako se obje teme odnose na budućnost čovječanstva, razlikuju se u pogledu na antropocentrizam .  Pramod Nayar, autor Posthumanizma'', navodi da posthumanizam ima dvije glavne grane: ontološku i kritičku.  Ontološki posthumanizam je sinonim za transhumanizam. Predmet se smatra "intenziviranjem humanizma".  Transhumanistička misao sugerira da ljudi još nisu post-ljudi, ali da je ljudsko poboljšanje, često kroz tehnološki napredak i primjenu, prolazak postajanja postljudi.  Transhumanizam zadržava fokus humanizma na Homo sapiensu kao središtu svijeta, ali također smatra tehnologiju integralnom pomoći ljudskom napretku. Kritički posthumanizam, međutim, suprotstavlja se tim stavovima.  Kritički posthumanizam "odbacuje i ljudsku izuzetnost (ideju da su ljudi jedinstvena stvorenja) i ljudski instrumentalizam (da ljudi imaju pravo kontrolirati prirodni svijet)".  Ova suprotna gledišta o važnosti ljudskih bića glavne su razlike između ta dva subjekta.

Transhumanizam je također više ukorijenjen u popularnoj kulturi nego u kritičkom posthumanizmu, posebno u znanstvenoj fantastici. Pramod Nayar ovaj izraz naziva "pop posthumanizmom kina i pop kulture".

Kritika
Neki kritičari tvrde da svi oblici posthumanizma, uključujući transhumanizam, imaju više zajedničkog nego što njihovi zagovornici shvaćaju.  Povezujući te različite pristupe, Paul James predlaže da je 'ključni politički problem to što, zapravo, pozicija omogućuje ljudskom kao kategoriji bića da teče niz utikač povijesti':

Međutim, neki posthumanisti u humanističkim znanostima i umjetnosti kritični su prema transhumanizmu (težina kritike Paula Jamesa), dijelom zato što tvrde da on uključuje i proširuje mnoge vrijednosti prosvjetiteljskog humanizma i klasičnog liberalizma, naime scijentizma, prema filozof performansa Shannon Bell :

Dok mnogi moderni vođe  prihvaćaju prirodu ideologija opisanih posthumanizmom, neki su skeptičniji i kritični prema tom pojmu. Donna Haraway, autorica <i id="mwATM">Manifesta kiborga</i>, otvoreno je odbacila taj pojam, iako priznaje filozofsku usklađenost s posthumanizmom. Haraway se umjesto toga odlučuje za termin vrste pratioca, koji se odnosi na neljudske entitete s kojima ljudi koegzistiraju.

Pitanja o rasnim problemima, tvrde neki, su izostavljena unutar "zaokreta" posthumanizmu. Napominjući da su pojmovi "post" i "ljudi" već napunjeni rasnim značenjem, kritička teoretičarka Zakiyyah Iman Jackson tvrdi da poriv za pomicanjem "izvan" ljudskog unutar posthumanizma prečesto zanemaruje "prakse čovječanstva i kritike koje proizvode crnci",  uključujući Frantza Fanona i Aimea Cesairea do Hortense Spillers i Freda Motena .  Preispitujući konceptualne osnove u kojima se takav način "s one strane" čini čitljivim i održivim, Jackson tvrdi da je važno primijetiti da "crnilo uvjetuje i čini vrlo neljudski poremećaj" na koji posthumanisti pozivaju.  Drugim riječima, s obzirom na to da rasa općenito i crnilo posebno čine same pojmove kroz koje se prave razlike između ljudi i neljudskih, na primjer u trajnom nasljeđu znanstvenog rasizma, gesta prema "s onu stranu" zapravo nas "vraća u eurocentrični transcendentalizam koji je dugo bio osporavan".  Posthumanistička znanost, zbog karakterističnih retoričkih tehnika, također je često podvrgnuta istim kritikama koje su obično bile upućene postmodernističkoj znanosti 1980-ih i 1990-ih.

Vidi također

 Metahumanski
 Postljudski
 Posthumanizacija
 Postmodernizam

Izvori

Citirani radovi

Filozofske teorije

Posthumanizam


بلدية سانت فيليوْ دي يوبريغات (بالكاتالانية: Sant Feliu de Llobregat) هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 42.273 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

أعلام

 خوان كارلوس نافارو
 إنركيتا مارتي
 سيرجيو أيالا

مراجع

بلديات في مقاطعة برشلونة
بلديات في باش ليوبريغات

سان فيلايو دي يوبريغات


Audrey Magazine, également connu sous le nom d'Audrey, est une publication trimestrielle axée sur les femmes américaines d'origine asiatique, qui était publiée aux États-Unis.

Histoire
Le magazine est dénommé d'après la prénom de la fille de l'éditeur pour reconnaître que de nombreuses femmes américaines d'origine asiatique ont des noms anglais. Le premier numéro sort en kiosque en mars 2003.

Audrey couvre les Asiatiques et les Américains d'origine asiatique sur la culture populaire, les tendances de la mode et de la beauté, le mode de vie et les voyages, ainsi que les problèmes sociaux et culturels pertinents pour les Asiatiques et les Américains d'origine asiatique. Sa publication sœur est KoreAm. Au cours de ses dix ans d'histoire, Audrey est une voix importante, couvrant des histoires bien avant que les médias grand public ne les reprennent, qu'il s'agisse de chirurgie plastique asiatique, d'un talent américain d'origine asiatique ou de l'engouement pour la K-pop. Le magazine présente des célébrités asiatiques et américaines d'origine asiatique sur sa couverture, dont Freida Pinto, Maggie Q et Olivia Munn. Le magazine est basé à Gardena, en Californie.

Audrey et sa publication sœur KoreAm sont acquises par London Media Trust en 2014. Les derniers numéros imprimés du magazine et de KoreAm sont publiés en décembre 2015.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Magazine américain
Webzine
Presse féminine aux États-Unis
Titre de presse créé en 2003
Titre de presse disparu en 2015
Presse écrite en Californie
Magazine de mode

Audrey (magazine)


Götz Lingenthal (* 16. Mai 1953 in Karlsruhe) ist ein deutscher Diplomat. Vor seinem Eintritt in den Ruhestand war er von 2016 bis 2018 Botschafter in Abu Dhabi (Emirat).

Leben
Nach dem Abitur 1974 in Bad Honnef studierte Lingenthal ab 1974 an der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, der Freien Universität Berlin, der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg und der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Rechtswissenschaft. Er wurde 1976 im Corps Saxo-Borussia Heidelberg und 1977 im Corps Borussia Bonn recipiert. 1979 bestand er das Erste Juristische Staatsexamen. Er  war 1980–1983 Referendar beim Hanseatischen Oberlandesgericht tätig und war nach Ablegung des Zweiten Juristischen Staatsexamens zwischen 1983 und 1985 Referent im Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie.

1985 trat Lingenthal in den Auswärtigen Dienst ein und fand nach Abschluss der Laufbahnprüfung für den höheren Dienst 1986 zunächst Verwendung als Referent im Osteuropareferat der Politischen Abteilung des Auswärtigen Amtes in Bonn, ehe er danach von 1987 bis 1989 Leiter der Rechts- und Konsularabteilung der Botschaft in Thailand war.

Im Anschluss war er bis 1992 Kulturreferent der Botschaft in Ungarn und daraufhin zwischen 1992 und 1994 Referent im Referat Chemiewaffenübereinkommen und Biologiewaffenübereinkommen in der Abteilung für Abrüstung und Rüstungskontrolle des Auswärtigen Amtes. Nach einer darauf folgenden Verwendung als Pressereferent an der Ständigen Vertretung bei der NATO in Brüssel, war Lingenthal zwischen 1997 und 2001 Referent im Referat für Grundsatzfragen der Abrüstung und Rüstungskontrolle, nukleare Abrüstung und Nichtverbreitung von Massenvernichtungswaffen des Auswärtigen Amtes und danach von 2001 bis 2005 Ständiger Vertreter und Beauftragter für die Europäische Union der Botschaft in Portugal.

Nachdem er von 2005 bis 2009 Leiter des Referats für Exportkontrolle in der Abteilung für Wirtschaft und nachhaltige Entwicklung des Auswärtigen Amtes war, befand er sich danach in einer einjährigen Sprachfortbildung.

2010–2012 war Lingenthal Leiter des Vertretungsbüros der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in den Palästinensischen Autonomiegebieten in Ramallah. In dieser Funktion setzt er sich auch für die Förderung von Bildungseinrichtungen und den Aufbau kommunaler Verwaltungsstrukturen in den Autonomiegebieten ein.

Von Oktober 2012 bis Juli 2016 war er Botschafter in Algerien und damit Nachfolgerin von Jutta Wolke, die wiederum Leiterin des Generalkonsulats in Istanbul wurde. Bis Juli 2018 war er Botschafter bei den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten in Abu Dhabi.

Von Mai 2019 bis zur Ernennung des neuen Botschafters Thomas Kurz im September 2019 übernahm Lingenthal kommissarisch die Leitung der Botschaft Kigali, Ruanda als Geschäftsträger ad interim.

Siehe auch
 Liste der deutschen Botschafter in Algerien

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Jurist im auswärtigen Dienst
Deutscher Botschafter in Algerien
Deutscher Botschafter in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten
Deutscher
Geboren 1953
Mann
Corpsstudent (20. Jahrhundert)

Götz Lingenthal


Josiah William Bailey (September 14, 1873 – December 15, 1946) was an American politician who served as a U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina from 1931 to 1946.

Early life and education
Born in Warrenton, North Carolina, he grew up in Raleigh and graduated from Wake Forest College (now Wake Forest University).

Career
Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the Biblical Recorder, a newspaper for North Carolina Baptists. He was a presidential elector in 1908.

Elected to the United States Senate in 1930, defeating longtime incumbent Furnifold McLendel Simmons, Bailey earned a reputation as a conservative while in office. In 1937, he coauthored the bipartisan Conservative Manifesto, a document criticizing President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and proposing more conservative alternatives. Among other things, the Manifesto called for lower taxes and less spending.

That same year, Bailey gave a rousing floor speech against President Roosevelt's court-packing bill, which convinced at least three freshman Republicans, thought by Majority Leader Joe Robinson to be definite supporters, to oppose the measure.

A segregationist and white supremacist, Bailey filibustered anti-lynching legislation in 1938.

During his time in office, he served as chairman of the Committee on Claims and Committee on Commerce.

Death
Bailey died in office in 1946.

See also
 List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

References

Sources
Finley, Keith M. Delaying the Dream: Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights, 1938–1965 (Baton Rouge, LSU Press, 2008).

Further reading
Moore, John Robert. Senator Josiah William Bailey of North Carolina: A Political Biography. Durham: Duke University Press, 1968.

External links

The "Conservative Manifesto" from the North Carolina History Project

"Taking on FDR: Senator Josiah Bailey and the 1937 Conservative Manifesto" by Troy Kickler, December 13, 2006
Raleigh News & Observer Column on Bailey's Friendship with Huey Long
Josiah William Bailey at Find-A-Grave
Josiah Bailey papers. 1773–1867. 2" linear. At the University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections.

1873 births
1946 deaths
Democratic Party United States senators from North Carolina
North Carolina Democrats
Burials at Historic Oakwood Cemetery
Wake Forest University alumni
Baptists from North Carolina
Old Right (United States)
American white supremacists
1908 United States presidential electors

Josiah Bailey


Liane, l'esclave blanche (titre original : ) est un film italo-allemand réalisé par Hermann Leitner sorti en 1957.

Il s'agit de la suite de Liane la sauvageonne, adaptation du roman d' Liane, das Mädchen aus dem Urwald.

Synopsis
Déçue par la civilisation, Liane s'est retirée dans la jungle. Elle vit avec la tribu Watu et est maintenant leur reine. Une autre expédition atteint la tribu. Un certain Frank apporte des nouvelles de Thoren, le compagnon de sa vie à Hambourg. Il peut amener Liane vers lui. Après quelques hésitations, Liane cède, mais emmène avec elle deux familiers, Tanga et Ku-Lala.

Cependant, l'avion, un , doit effectuer un atterrissage d'urgence à l'aéroport le plus proche en raison d'un manque de carburant. Là, la police demande que le marchand d'esclaves Frazer, qui vient d'être arrêté, soit emmené dans l'avion. Grâce à son pouvoir de persuasion, Frazer persuade Liane de le libérer. Le policier qui l'accompagnait est abattu. Frazer force l'équipage à atterrir dans la jungle. Liane a maintenant vu sa bêtise. Frank parvient à maîtriser Frazer. Ils traversent la brousse et trouvent refuge dans un village indigène.

Le village est ensuite attaqué par les hommes de main de Frazer, tuant Tanga. Liane est kidnappée par les marchands d'esclaves. Frank la cherche avec Ku-Lala et trouve le camp bédouin. Ils libèrent Liane, mais l'évasion échoue. Frank est grièvement blessé, abandonné et secouru par une caravane qui passe.

Pendant ce temps, Frazer essaie de mettre la main sur la fortune de Liane. Mais elle parvient à nouveau à s'échapper. Elle se rend en ville pour rejoindre Frank. Elle est interceptée par les hommes du marchand Ibrahim. Il veut l'épouser, mais uniquement dans le but d'acquérir sa propriété. Frank reçoit l'aide du prince Derman. Une dernière poursuite à cheval s'ensuit, dans laquelle Frank tire sur Ibrahim, Frazer est également tué et Liane est sauvée des méchants.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Liane, l'esclave blanche
 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Hermann Leitner assisté d'Ursula Baumann
 Scénario : Ernst von Salomon
 Musique : Erwin Halletz
 Direction artistique : Ernst H. Albrecht
 Costumes : Teddy Rossi-Turai
 Photographie : , Carlo Montuori
 Son :
 Montage : Liesgret Schmitt-Klink
 Production :
 Société de production : Arca-Filmproduktion, Arca-Cinematografica S.p.a.
 Société de distribution : Neue Filmverleih
 Pays d'origine : ,
 Langue : allemand
 Format : Couleur - 1,66:1 - Mono -
 Genre : Aventures
 Durée : 86 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
  : .
  : .
  : .
  : .
  : .
  : .
  : .
  : .
  : .

Distribution
 Marion Michael : Liane
 Adrian Hoven : Frank
  : Frazer
 Rik Battaglia : Ibrahim
 Rolf von Nauckhoff : Professeur Danner
 Marisa Merlini : Sœur Angelika
 Saro Urzì : Emilio, policier
 Lei Ilima : Ku-Lala
 Ed Tracy : Kersten
 Rainer Penkert : Funker
 Nerio Bernardi : Prince Derman
 Jean-Pierre Faye : Tanga

Production
Une scène du film Les Quatre Cents Coups réalisé par François Truffaut, tourné fin 1958, se passe lors d'une projection de Liane, l'esclave blanche.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Film allemand sorti en 1957
Film italien sorti en 1957
Film d'aventure allemand
Film d'aventure italien
Film en allemand
Adaptation d'un roman allemand au cinéma
Film réalisé par Hermann Leitner

Liane, l'esclave blanche


Cehennem banknotu, özel antik Çin kâğıtlarından yapılan ve çeşitli bölgesel dinlerde ciddi bir önem arzeden bir tür sembolik kâğıt para. Ahirette kullanılmak üzere atalara sunulur. Para, genellikle Batı Çin'in geleneksel banknotlarına benzer.

Çeşitli mitolojik inanışlarda, Cehennem Banknotları'nın ahirette yaşamak için gönderilmesine ilişkin çok sayıda görüş öne sürülmektedir. Yama, Budizm ve Çin mitolojisinde Çinlilerin ataları için bu "rüşvet"i verdikleri takdirde Cehennemin Kralı tarafından parasızlıktan ve cezalardan kurtarılacağına inanılır.

Daha modern çağların tutulan bir diğer tercihi ise "Cehennem Bankası Kredi Kartları"dır. Tasarımda, kredi kartlarının çeşitli olmasıyla beraber sade ve estetik olmasına özen gösterilir. Sadece altın mukavva karta sanatçının ismi yazılarak "VISA" diye damgalanır. Bazıları inanışlarda bu para cehennemde alevlenerek şekilli kâğıtlara dönüşecek ve cehennemde kullanılabilir kâğıt para olacaktır.

Cehennem Banknotları, büyüklükleri $10,000'den, $100,000, $1,000,000 ve de $500,000,000'a kadar olan absürt meblağlar için üretilirler. Bir kâğıt paranın en önemli vasıfları Jade İmparator yazan yerde görünmektedir. Batı (bekçisinin) imzasını,(Yu Wong veya Yuk Wong) ve onay imzasını Yanluo, Cehennem'in Kralı (Yen Loo)' atar. Kağıdın arka tarafında Cehennem Bankası'nın portresi bulunur.

Köken bilimi
'Cehennem' kelimesi Çincede kötü bir anlam ifade etmez. Cehennemin Çince karşılığı Di Yu (Geleneksel Çince:地獄, Basit Çince:地狱) Çincede "yeraltı mahkemesi" anlamına gelir ve dünyadaki günahlarından bağışlanmayı bekleyen ruhların bulunduğu bir hapishane ve yargılama yeri olarak tasvir edilir.

Bir söylentiye göre, Çin'deki Hristiyan misyonerler Hristiyanlığı kabul etmeyen tüm Çinlilerin cehenneme gideceklerini yaymışlar, hatalı bir çeviri ile Çinliler Cehennem'in kendi kültürlerindeki yeraltı mahkemesi olduğunu sanmışlardır.

Çin mitolojisindeki tüm insanların ölüler diyarına (ahiret) kesin olarak geleceği ve Di Yunun insanların cennette ne yapacaklarına karar vereceği, onları nirvanaya götürecek ölüler diyarına atacağı ya da bir bedende onlara ruh vereceğine inanılır. Dünyada da o banknotlar geçerli olacaktır.

Desenler
Cehennem Banknotu'nun en çok karşılaşılan değeri $10,000 dolardır ve biçemi Amerikan Doları'na benzer.

Ayrıntılı ve zarafet amaçlı yapılmış olan bu banknotlar genelde ahiretin taoist hakimi, tanrı,
Jade İmparator'a adanmıştır. Ancak Sekiz ölümsüzler'e, Buda'ya, Yama, Hayalin Ejderhası'na, Yama Kralı'na ve hatta ölen ünlü kişilere, (örneğin John F. Kennedy ve Marilyn Monroe gibi) adanan banknotlar da vardır. Ellilik ve yüzlük banknotları selofan adı verilen selülozdan yapılan ince bir tabakadan oluşan bir maddeye sarılıp muhafaza edilir.

Cehennem banknotlarının kullanımında dikkat edilecek noktalar
Batıda her ne kadar Cehennem Banknotları bir oyuncak olarak görülse de, inananlar, Cehennem Banknotları'nı yaparken dikkatli davranır ve buna inançlı Çinli insanlar ciddiyetle bakarlar. Cehennem Banknotları'nın insanlara hediye olarak verilmesi tavsiye edilmez. Banknotun hediye edilen kişinin ölmesinin istendiğine inanılır. Çin gelenekleri bu insanın mezarının beddularla dolacağını söyler. Cehennem Banknotları genellikle kimsenin erişemeyeceği yerlerde muhafaza edilir. Bir evin etrafında bulunursa kötü şans getireceğine inanılır.

Banknotlar yakıldığında, banknotlar gerçek para muamelesi görür. Çin geleneklerinde gerçek veya cehennem paralarının yok edilmesi oldukça teferruatlı yollarla gerçekleştirilir. İçine bir şeyler atarak veya ateşi kurcalayarak daha kötü sonuçlara yol açılmamalı, fakat onun yerine yanması bittikten sonra külleri ağzı sıkı olmayan bir keseye koyulmalıdır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Cehennem Paraları
 http://bigwhiteguy.com/baskets/hell.php
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070219174117/http://www.jocelync.com/ritpap05.html

Antropoloji
Çin'de kültür
Gelenekler
Koleksiyonculuk

Cehennem banknotu


نيو موزيوم أو «المتحف الجديد»  متحف يقع خلف ألتس موزيوم أو «المتحف القديم»  في جزيرة المتاحف أو «موزيومس إنزل»  بمدينة برلين العاصمة الألمانية.
تم بناءه بين عامي 1843 و1855 وفقا لتصميم المهندس المعماري البروسي فردريش أوغوست ستولر (1800-1865) وهو تلميذ المهندس البروسي كارل فردريش شينكل (1781-1814).

دُمّر المتحف بالكامل في عام 1939 عقب اندلاع الحرب العالمية الثانية حيث صمدت حوائطه الخارجية فقط في بعض أجزائه، وتم إعادة بنائه بالكامل طوال سبع سنوات بإشراف المهندس المعماري البريطاني ديفيد شبيرفيلد ليعاد افتتاحه في أكتوبر 2009.

المتحف يحتوي على ثلاث طوابق الأول تضم معروضات من مصر القديمة ومن أشهرها التمثال النصفي للملكة الفرعونية نفرتيتي الذي يبلغ عمره 3500 والذي خصص له الطابق الأول، وتحف من بلاد ما بين النهرين واليونان ومن قبل وأوائل التاريخ بينها تحف فنية تعود إلى مدينة طروادة وآثار من برلين.

الطراز المعماري لمبنى المتحف يمثل العمارة الكلاسيكية الحديثة في القرن التاسع عشر، كما تم استخدام أساسات حديدية في المبنى المعاد تأهيله. وتكلّف إعادة بنائه 295 مليون يورو.

اقرأ أيضا
 متحف التاريخ الطبيعي فيينا

وصلات خارجية
 Neues Museum Berlin

مصادر

تأسيسات سنة 1855 في ألمانيا
تأسيسات سنة 1855 في بروسيا
جزيرة المتاحف
متاحف أثرية في ألمانيا
متاحف أسست في 1855
متاحف في اليونان القديمة ألمانيا
متاحف في روما القديمة ألمانيا

متحف برلين الجديد


Bernardo Baena (* 28. April 1990 in Caracas) ist ein venezolanischer Skilangläufer.

Leben
Bernardo Baena kam im Jahr 2010, während eines mehrwöchigen Studienaustausches in Schweden, erstmals mit dem Skisport in Berührung. Später trainierte er als Student der Mora Folkshögskola unter Anleitung von Christian Minnatti.

Im Februar und März 2011 startete er bei den Nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften in Oslo. In der Qualifikation über 10 km belegte Baena mit knapp 15 Minuten Rückstand den letzten Rang (Platz 47). 120. und damit ebenfalls deutlich Letzter wurde er in der Sprint-Qualifikation. Gemeinsam mit seinem Bruder César Baena startete Bernardo auch im Teamsprint, das Duo wurde als 25. gewertet.

Weblinks

Skilangläufer (Venezuela)
Person (Caracas)
Geboren 1990
Mann
Venezolaner

Bernardo Baena


Norman Garwood (* 8. Januar 1946 in Birmingham, England; † 13. April 2019) war ein britischer Filmarchitekt.

Leben
Garwood hatte eine Kunstschule in Birmingham besucht und anschließend, seit 1967, als Ausstatter beim britischen Fernsehen gearbeitet. Bis 1980 arbeitete er vorwiegend für Fernsehserien, ehe er bei Terry Gilliams Science-Fiction-Film Time Bandits seinen Einstand als Filmarchitekt (Art Director) gab. 1983 avancierte Garwood zum alleinverantwortlichen Chefarchitekten (Production Designer). Der endgültige Durchbruch im US-amerikanischen Filmgeschäft gelang ihm mit den Entwürfen zu Gilliams Science-Fiction-Klassiker Brazil. Hierfür erhielt Garwood seine erste Oscar-Nominierung und den BAFTA Film Award. Seine zweite Oscar-Nominierung folgte 1990 für das Historiendrama Glory, die dritte für Steven Spielbergs Hook. 2005 war Garwood für die Fernsehproduktion The Life and Death of Peter Sellers für den Emmy nominiert.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1981: Time Bandits
 1983: Der rote Monarch
 1985: Brazil
 1985: Wasser – Der Film  (Water)
 1986: Link – Der Butler (Link)
 1987: Die Braut des Prinzen (The Princess Bride)
 1989: Glory
 1990: Misery
 1991: Hook
 1995: Die Piratenbraut (Cutthroat Island)
 1998: Lost in Space
 1999: Verlockende Falle (Entrapment)
 2002: Rollerball
 2004: The Life and Death of Peter Sellers
 2004: Ella – Verflixt & zauberhaft (Ella Enchanted)
 2006: Basic Instinct – Neues Spiel für Catherine Tramell (Basic Instinct 2)
 2012: Die Piraten! – Ein Haufen merkwürdiger Typen (The Pirates! Band of Misfits)

Auszeichnungen
 1986: Oscar-Nominierung für Brazil
 1986: BAFTA Film Award für Brazil
 1990: Oscar-Nominierung für Glory
 1992: Oscar-Nominierung für Hook
 2005: Emmy-Nominierung für The Life and Death of Peter Sellers

Literatur
 Kay Weniger: Das große Personenlexikon des Films. Die Schauspieler, Regisseure, Kameraleute, Produzenten, Komponisten, Drehbuchautoren, Filmarchitekten, Ausstatter, Kostümbildner, Cutter, Tontechniker, Maskenbildner und Special Effects Designer des 20. Jahrhunderts. Band 3: F – H. Barry Fitzgerald – Ernst Hofbauer. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89602-340-3, S. 198.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Szenenbildner
Brite
Geboren 1946
Gestorben 2019
Mann

Norman Garwood


Galaktoz, glukoza göre daha az tatlı olan ve sudaki çözünürlüğü fazla olmayan bir şeker türüdür.

Kaynakları
Süt ve süt ürünlerinde, şeker pancarında, bazı bitkilerden elde edilen sakız ve reçinelerde zengin olarak bulunur. İnsan vücudu tarafından da sentezlenebilen galaktoz, glikolipid ve glikoproteinlerin yapısında kullanılır. Memeli hayvanların süt yapısında bulunur.

Karaciğer galaktoz metabolizması
Galaktoz karaciğerde aşağıda gösterilen enzimatik reaksiyonlar yardımıyla glikoz-6-fosfat'a çevrilmektedir.

Galaktozemi metabolik bir hastalıktır.

Tatlandırıcılar
Monosakkaritler
Aldoheksozlar

Galaktoz


{ (født 10. maj 1931 i Tokyo, Japan, død 11. juli 2023) var en japansk komponist og dirigent.

Toyama studerede komposition og direktion på Tokyo University of the Arts. Han er nok mest kendt som dirigent, men han har skrevet mange værker.

Han  skrev 11 symfonier, orkesterværker, kammermusik, operaer, vokalværker etc.

Udvalgte værker

 Lille Symfoni" (1953) - for orkester
 Symfoni nr. 1 "Hjemkomst" (1966) - for orkester
 Symfoni "Sang og Flamme" (1969) - for kor og orkester
 Symfoni "Snestorm" (1977) - for orkester
 Symfoni "Nagoya" (1984) - for 2 slagtøjsspillere og strygerorkester
 Symfoni "Maj sang" med Hikaru Hayashi (1987) - for orkester
 Symfoni (1990) - for strygerorkester
 Symfoni "Tajima" (1995) - for orkester
 Symfoni nr. 2 (1999) - for orkester
 Symfoni "Akita" (2002) - for orkester
 Symfoni nr. 3 "Dybt i junglen, langt ude på Verdenshavet" (2003) - for orkester

Kilde
 Om Yuzo Toyama på musicweb-international.com

Komponister fra Japan
Dirigenter fra Japan
Lærere

Yuzo Toyama


Le dème d'Orestiáda, en  / Dímos Orestiádas, est un dème du district régional de l'Évros, en Macédoine-Orientale-et-Thrace, Grèce.

Le dème actuel résulte de la fusion, en 2010,  des dèmes de Kyprínos, d'Orestiáda, de Trígono et de Výssa.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte , tandis que celle de la ville d'Orestiáda s'élève à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Dème en Macédoine-Orientale-et-Thrace

Dème d'Orestiáda


Rolls-Royce Trent 700 er en tre-spole high bypass turbofane jetmotor udviklet af Rolls-Royce i 1990'erne. Den er udviklet fra Rolls-Royce RB211, og er den første variant af familien af Trent motorer. Dens listepris er $23,25 millioner (152,1 millioner kr.). Den blev senere udviklet til Rolls-Royce Trent 800.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Flymotorer
Trent 700

Rolls-Royce Trent 700


Insula Calinovăț este situată pe Dunăre, la cca. 8 km aval de intrarea fluviului în România, fiind primul ostrov dunărean românesc întâlnit pe cursul său. Cu o suprafață de  aproximativ 12 ha, insula are un sol nisipos-pietros, cu pâlcuri de pădure unde predomină specia arboricolă de răchită albă, Salix alba, cu floră și faună specifică zonelor umede. Ca încadrare teritorial-administrativă aparține comunei Pojejena (în partea vestică a satului Divici), și se află în imediata apropiere a drumului național DN57A, care leagă satul Pojejena de Socol.

Insula și luciul de apă limitrof insulei până la o adâncime de 2 m sunt incluse în Aria de protecție specială avifaunistică zona umedă Insula Calinovăț cu o suprafață de 24 de hectare, declarată arie protejată prin Hotărârea de Guvern Nr. 2151 din 30 noiembrie 2004 (privind instituirea regimului de arie naturală protejată pentru noi zone). Aceasta este inclusă în Parcul Natural Porțile de Fier, parc natural aflat pe suprafața teritorială a sitului de importanță comunitară Cursul Dunării - Baziaș - Porțile de Fier.

Referințe

Vezi și
 Zona umedă Insula Calinovăț
 Listă de insule în România

Legături externe
 Poziția pe hartă - wikimapia.org

Insulele României
Insule de pe Dunăre
Rezervații naturale din județul Caraș-Severin
Insule nelocuite

Insula Calinovăț


Sandesneben Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı bölge. 6,13 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Aralık 2003 itibarıyla yaklaşık 1616 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Erich Bünger tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-sandesneben.de

Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Sandesneben


Poul Henrik Sørensen (født 21. august 1924 i Kalundborg) er en dansk tidligere hockeyspiller, der deltog på det danske landshold ved OL 1948 i London. Henrik Sørensen spillede for Kalundborg Hockeyklub og opnåede i alt 14 landskampe i perioden 1948-1959.

Ved OL i 1948 blev Danmark nummer 13 og sidst efter tre nederlag og et uafgjort resultat i den indledende pulje; dermed var Danmark elimineret fra turneringen. Henrik Sørensen spillede to af kampene uden at score.

Referencer

Hockeyspillere fra Danmark
Deltagere for Danmark ved sommer-OL 1948

Poul Henrik Sørensen


Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd. v Wednesbury Corporation [1948] 1 KB 223 is an English law case that sets out the standard of unreasonableness of public-body decisions that would make them liable to be quashed on judicial review, known as Wednesbury unreasonableness.

The court gave three conditions on which it would intervene to correct a bad administrative decision, including on grounds of its unreasonableness in the special sense later articulated in Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service by Lord Diplock:

Facts
In 1947 Associated Provincial Picture Houses was granted a licence by the Wednesbury Corporation in Staffordshire to operate a cinema on condition that no children under 15, whether accompanied by an adult or not, were admitted on Sundays. Under the Cinematograph Act 1909, cinemas could be open from Mondays to Saturdays but not on Sundays, and under a regulation, the commanding officer of military forces stationed in a neighbourhood could apply to the licensing authority to open a cinema on Sundays.

The Sunday Entertainments Act 1932 legalised opening cinemas on Sundays by the local licensing authorities "subject to such conditions as the authority may think fit to impose" after a majority vote by the borough. Associated Provincial Picture Houses sought a declaration that Wednesbury's condition was unacceptable and outside the power of the corporation to impose.

Judgment
The court decided that it had no power to issue a writ of certiorari to quash the decision of the defendant simply because the court disagreed with it. For the court to adopt any remedies against decisions of public bodies such as Wednesbury Corporation, it would have to find that the decision-maker:

 had given undue relevance to facts that in reality lacked the relevance for being considered in the decision-making process.
 had not given relevance to facts that were relevant and worthy of being considered in the decision-making process
 had made a decision that was completely absurd, a decision so unreasonable that no reasonable authority could have possibly made it.

The court ruled that the corporation's conduct was not inappropriate and complied with the standards that had been set out.

As Lord Greene MR said (at 229),

Significance
The test laid down in this case, in all three limbs, is known as "the Wednesbury test".  The term "Wednesbury unreasonableness" is used to describe the third limb, of being so unreasonable that no reasonable authority could have decided that way. This case or the principle laid down is cited in United Kingdom courts as a reason for courts to be hesitant to interfere with decisions of administrative law bodies.

In recent times, particularly as a result of the enactment of the Human Rights Act 1998, the judiciary have resiled from this strict abstentionist approach, arguing that in certain circumstances it is necessary to undertake a more searching review of administrative decisions. The European Court of Human Rights requires the reviewing court to subject the original decision to "anxious scrutiny" as to whether an administrative measure infringes a Convention right. In order to justify such an intrusion, the Respondents have to show that they pursued a "pressing social need" and that the means employed to achieve this were proportionate to the limitation of the right.

The UK courts have also ruled that an opinion formed by an employer or other contracting body in relation to a contractual matter has to be "reasonable" in the sense in which that expression is used in Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corporation: see the decision of the High Court in The Vainqueur José (1979) 1 LlLR 557, and that of the Supreme Court in Braganza v BP Shipping Limited [2015] UKSC 17.

See also
Compare: patently unreasonable, fairness, fundamental justice and due process.
In the United States, a similarly dominant case is Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, , which describes the level of deference accorded to final legislative rulemaking made by federal agencies with the authority to do so. The legal standard most comparable to Wednesbury unreasonableness is the "arbitrary and capricious" standard applied to most regulatory decisions undertaken without trial-type procedures (those rendered after trial-type procedures must be "supported by substantial evidence").
Re Smith & Fawcett [1942] Ch 304, a company law case dealing with the control of discretion
Wednesbury unreasonableness in Singapore

Notes

External links
Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v. Wednesbury Corporation

1947 in England
United Kingdom administrative case law
Common law rules
Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases
1947 in case law
Legal tests
1947 in British law
United Kingdom constitutional case law


Stjepan I. (grčki: Στέφανος; studeni 867. – 18. svibnja 893.) bio je bizantski plemić i patrijarh Carigrada (Konstantinopol) 886. – 893. Postao je patrijarh u dobi od 19 godina, kao nasljednik Focija I. Poznat je po pobožnosti te je slavljen u pravoslavlju kao svetac.

Obitelj
Stjepan je rođen u studenom 867. god. kao sin bizantske carice Eudokije Ingerine, čiji je muž bio bizantski car Bazilije I. Makedonac. Službeno, patrijarh Stjepan je bio sin cara Bazilija, ali je moguće da je Stjepanov biološki otac zapravo bio car Mihael III. Pijanica (Μιχαήλ), jer je Eudokija bila Mihaelova priležnica. Stjepanova braća su bila carevi Leon VI. Mudri i Aleksandar (III.). Car Bazilije dao je kastrirati Stjepana.

Izvori i bilješke

Pravoslavni sveci
Carigradski patrijarsi

Stjepan I. Carigradski


اميركي سياسي وعالم في الاقتصاد والاقتصاد السياسي وعالم اغذية ، شغل منصب نائب رئيس معهد الاعتماد المحلي على الذات الذي مقره في واشنطن مينابوليس .
يعمل حاليا على إدارة مشروع ادرة القوانين الجديدي التابع للمعهدد ، عمل مستشارا في وزارة الطاقة في عهد 4 رؤساء هم :
فورد كلينتون كارتر جورج دبليو بوش

له كتاب اقتصاد الكربوهيدرات وكتاب طريقة أفضل ز

المصادر

انظر أيضاً
 اقتصاد سياسي

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
علم الاقتصاد
مواليد 1954
مواليد في نوفا سكوشا
أعضاء المجلس التنفيذي (جنوب إفريقيا) في نوفا سكوشا
مرشحو نوفا سكوشا لعضوية البرلمان

ديفيد مورس (سياسي)


El Codex Sinopensis (Gregory-Aland O o 023; Soden ε 21) es un manuscrito bíblico iluminado del siglo . Se conserva en estado muy fragmentario: de los folios originales, probablemente entre 145 y 160, han sobrevivido apenas cuarenta y tres con diversos pasajes del Evangelio de Mateo. Es un objeto suntuoso, realizado en pergamino purpúreo y escrito en letras de oro, que probablemente se usara como evangeliario durante la liturgia. Es, junto al Codex Rossanensis, el manuscrito del Nuevo Testamento iluminado más antiguo.

Forma parte de la colección de la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia como Supplement Grec. 1286.

Descripción

El manuscrito, compuesto por 43 folios de pergamino teñido de púrpura de 30×25 cm, contiene diversos pasajes del Evangelio de Mateo. Está escrito en griego, en unciales doradas que se suceden en scriptio continua, sin espíritus ni acentos. Debido a que la tinta de oro no se adhirió bien al pergamino, muchas de las letras son apenas visibles.

El texto está organizado en columnas de dieciséis líneas, que se reducen a quince en las páginas ilustradas. Su lectura es similar a la de los códices Rossanensis, Beratinus y Petropolitanus Purpureus. Según Kurt Aland, el texto es de tipo bizantino y se ubica en la Categoría V.

El códice es, junto al Rossanensis, uno de los manuscritos iluminados del Nuevo Testamento más antiguo. Está decorado con cinco miniaturas de diversas escenas bíblicas, todas sobre el borde inferior de la página. A uno y otro lado de cada escena, figuran dos profetas con un rollo con pasajes de la Septuaginta en la mano. David y Moisés aparecen junto a la imagen del festín de Herodes (f.10v) y las de las multiplicaciones de los panes y los peces (ff. 11r, 15r), David e Isaías flanquean la de la curación de los dos ciegos (f. 29r), y David y Habacuc, la de parábola de la higuera estéril (f. 30v). Aparentemente, había otras tres miniaturas, en folios hoy perdidos, que representaban el milagro de la moneda en la boca del pez, la parábola de los trabajadores del viñedo y la entrada en Jerusalén. El estilo de las imágenes es similar a las del Codex Rossanensis.

Historiadores de arte y críticos bíblicos acuerdan en que fue realizado en el siglo , pero se desconoce quién fue su autor y para quién lo hizo. Tampoco hay consenso sobre su lugar de origen, aunque se han sugerido Constantinopla y la región siriopalestina. Posiblemente se lo utilizaba como evangeliario durante la liturgia, o fue hecho para regalar al emperador.

El códice original estaba probablemente formado por entre 145 y 160 folios: 145 dedicados al evangelio y los restantes a los cánones eusebianos, la Epístola a Carpiano, la lista de kefalaia (división en capítulos) de Mateo y, quizás, también miniaturas. De ellos han sobrevivido sólo 43, conservados en la Biblioteca nacional de Francia. Las hojas están curvadas hacia adentro, por lo que es posible que el manuscrito haya sido dañado por el fuego. Otra página, sin ilustraciones, encontrada a principios del siglo  en la ciudad ucraniana de Mariúpol, se extravió en la década de 1960.

Se lo llamó Codex Sinopensis por el lugar en que fue encontrado: según Henri Omont, en 1899 un militar francés le compró el manuscrito a una "anciana griega" en la ciudad de Sinope. Al año siguiente, Omont, bibliotecario y filólogo, lo adquirió para la Biblioteca nacional de Francia y, en 1901, editó el texto.

Notas

Referencias

Bibliografía
Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara: The Text of the New Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995 [1981]. ISBN 9780802840981
Gregory, Caspar: Textkritik des Neuen Testaments Vol. 3. Leipzig, J.C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung, 1909
 Hixson, Elijah: Scribal Habits in Sixth-Century Greek Purple Codices. BRILL, 2019. ISBN 9789004399914
Lowden, John: "The Beginnings of Biblical Illustration" en Williams, John (ed.): Imaging the Early Medieval Bible. Pennsylvania, Penn State Press, 1999. ISBN 9780271017686
 Maxwell, Kathleen: Between Constantinople and Rome: An Illuminated Byzantine Gospel Book (Paris gr. 54) and the Union of Churches. Routledge, 2016. ISBN 9781351955843
 Maxwell, Kathleen: "Illustrated Byzantine Gospel Books", en Tsamakda, Vasiliki (ed.): A Companion to Byzantine Illustrated Manuscripts. BRILL, 2017. ISBN 9789004346239
Metzger, Bruce M.; Ehrman Bart D.: The Text of New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration. Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2005 [1964]. ISBN 9785885009010
Ratliff, Brandie; Evans, Helen (eds.): Byzantium and Islam: Age of Transition, 7th-9th Century. Nueva York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012. ISBN 9781588394576
Spatharakis, Iohannis: "Early Christian Illustrated Gospel Books from the East" en Den Boeft, Jan; Van Poll-van de Lisdonk, Miekske (eds.): The Impact of Scripture in Early Christianity. BRILL, 1999. ISBN 9789004111431
Weitzmann, Kurt (ed.): Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century. Nueva York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1979. ISBN 9780870991790

Bibliografía adicional
 Cronin, H. S.: "Codex Chrysopurpureus Sinopensis", JTS II (1901), pp. 590-600.
 Muñoz, Antonio: Il codice purpureo di Rossano e il frammento sinopense. Roma, Danesi, 1907
 Omont, Henri: "Notice sur un très ancien manuscrit grec de l'évangile de Saint Matthieu en onciales d'or sur parchemin pourpré et orné de miniatures". Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la bibliothèque nationale Vol. 36. París, 1901. pp. 599-676

Enlaces externos

 Facsímil digital
BnF Archives et manuscrits: Supplément grec 1286
folio 29 en L'Aventure des écritures, exposición virtual de la BnF

Unciales del Nuevo Testamento
Manuscritos bíblicos del siglo VI
Manuscritos iluminados del siglo VI
Pergaminos purpúreos
Manuscritos iluminados bíblicos
Manuscritos iluminados bizantinos
Evangeliarios
Documentos conservados en la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia

Codex Sinopensis


El Código de Lipit-Isthar es un código legal compilado en tiempos del rey sumerio de Isin Lipit-Ishtar (c. 1934 - 1924 a. C.). Fue promulgado cuando Isin aún era la potencia hegemónica de la Baja Mesopotamia, y está escrito en sumerio.

Contenido
Consta de unos 50 artículos o apartados que tratan sobre propiedad, alquiler, tratos con esclavos, relaciones familiares, herencia, difamación, cuidado y trabajo de las tierras agrícolas y daños causados por animales. En el prólogo, el rey dice cumplir la voluntad de los dioses al redactar el código; es la primera vez en que esto sucede en un código, generalizándose a partir del presente. En el epílogo el rey dice haber sabido cumplir con el encargo divino de aplicar la justicia y el bienestar en todo el país. En dicho epílogo se exhorta a futuros legisladores a mantener vigente el código, augurando parabienes si así era, y maldiciones si no. Un epílogo similar puede encontrarse en el código de Hammurabi.

Como pago por algunos crímenes se impone una sanción económica, al igual que sucede en el código de Ur-Nammu, y cosa que no sucede en el de Hammurabi. Otros están castigados con otro tipo de penas, e incluso la muerte. Por ejemplo:

Véase también
Literatura asirio-babilónica
Código de HammurabiCódigo Ur-Nammu
Código de Ur-Nammu
Leyes de Ešnunna

Bibliografía

Primaria

Secundaria

Lipit-Ishtar
Codigo de Lipit-Ishtar
Literatura del siglo XXI a. C.
Asia en el siglo XXI a. C.

Código de Lipit-Ishtar


Martin Fillo (Planá, República Checa, 7 de febrero de 1986) es un futbolista checo. Juega de volante y su actual equipo es el Brentford FC de la Football League One de Inglaterra.

Selección nacional
Ha sido internacional con la Selección de fútbol de la República Checa, ha jugado 3 partidos internacionales.

Clubes

Referencias

Futbolistas de la República Checa
Futbolistas del Football Club Viktoria Pilsen
Futbolistas del Viking Stavanger FK

Martin Fillo


Daniya, jardín del harem est un film espagnol réalisé par Carles Mira, sorti en 1988.

Synopsis
Le film raconte le voyage de Bernat, le jeune frère d'Almodis de la Marche, comtesse de Barcelone. Il arrive en Andalousie où le roi musulman lui octroie l'archidiocèse des chrétiens mozarabes de ce territoire.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Daniya, jardín del harem
 Réalisation : Carles Mira
 Scénario : Carles Mira
 Musique : Enric Murillo
 Photographie : Tomàs Pladevall
 Montage : Emilio Rodríguez
 Production : Lluís Ferrando (producteur délégué)
 Pays :  et
 Genre : historique
 Durée : 96 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :  (Barcelone)

Distribution
 Laura del Sol : Laila
 Marie-Christine Barrault : Almodis de la Marche
 Ramon Madaula : Bernat
 Fermí Reixach : le capitaine
 Joan Monleón : Abd Al Malik

Distinctions
Le film a été nommé pour trois Premis de Cinematografia de la Generalitat de Catalunya : meilleur film, meilleur acteur pour Fermí Reixach et meilleur réussite technique.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film espagnol sorti en 1988
Film français sorti en 1988
Film historique espagnol
Film historique français
Film se déroulant au XIe siècle
Film de danse

Daniya, jardín del harem


Papendorf er en by og kommune i det nordøstlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Uecker-Randow-Tal i den sydøstlige del af Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald. Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald ligger i delstaten Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Geografi
Papendorf er beliggende på vestbredden af floden Uecker, fire kilometer sydvest for Pasewalk. Motorvejen A 20 krydser Bundesstraße B 104 (Neubrandenburg - Stettin) ved frakørsel "Pasewalk-Nord". Lige nord for kommunen ligger den lille Pasewalk flyveplads.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Kommunens side på amtets websted
 Befolkningsstatistik mm

Byer i Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Kommuner i Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Amt Uecker-Randow-Tal
Byer i Kreis Vorpommern-Greifswald

Papendorf (Vorpommern)