Fight Night Round 4 es un videojuego de boxeo desarrollado por EA Canada y publicado por EA Sports.  Es el videojuego posterior a Fight Night: Round 3 y anterior a Fight Night Champion. Fue publicado el 25 de junio de 2009 en los Estados Unidos y el 29 de junio del mismo año en Europa. El juego está disponible para PlayStation 3 y Xbox 360. En la portada del juego aparecen Muhammad Ali y Mike Tyson.

El juego contiene gráficos de gran calidad, recreando un entorno más realista en cada pelea. Los boxeadores están representados muy detalladamente, incluyendo el sudor y las lesiones por múltiples golpes en una zona determinada.

Además, el juego posee un editor de boxeadores que permite al usuario crear boxeadores tanto reales como ficticios, expandiendo así la cantidad de luchadores disponibles para jugar. EA Sports publicó como contenido descargable en PlayStation Store varios peleadores famosos que no fueron incluidos en la versión original del juego.

Jugabilidad
Se mejoró mucho la jugabilidad respecto a su antecesor, Fight Night: Round 3. La IA (Inteligencia Artificial) se volvió más adaptable a cada combate, siempre intentará buscar las debilidades del jugador y explotarlas al máximo. También se mejoró el sistema de golpes, que permite a los boxeadores lanzar golpes sin mirar e impactar parcialmente a su oponente, aumentando la precisión. Por primera vez los boxeadores podrán lanzar puñetazos cuerpo a cuerpo y empujar para hacerse espacio y contratacar al rival. El sistema defensivo se volvió un refinado sistema de defensa, obligando al jugador y a su rival a intercambiar golpes con bloqueos para poder alzarse con la victoria.

Listado de boxeadores
Heavyweight

 Muhammad Ali
 Eddie Chambers
 George Foreman
 Joe Frazier
 Lennox Lewis
 Tommy Morrison
 James Toney
 Mike Tyson

Light Heavyweight

 Tomasz Adamek
 Joe Calzaghe
 Roy Jones Jr.
 Anthony Mundine
 Jermain Taylor

Middleweight

 Amin Asikainen
 Marvelous Marvin Hagler
 Jake LaMotta
 Carlos Monzón
 Sergio Mora
 Kelly Pavlik
 Cory Spinks
 Ray Robinson
 Ronald Wright
 Arthur Abraham

Welterweight

 Emanuel Augustus
 Julio César Chávez
 Kermit Cintron
 Miguel Cotto
 Vivian Harris
 Ricky Hatton
 Thomas Hearns
 Ray Leonard
 Paulie Malignaggi
 Shane Mosley
 Victor Ortiz
 Manny Pacquiao

Lightweight

 Marco Antonio Barrera
 Nate Campbell
 Diego Corrales
 Roberto Duran
 Arturo Gatti
 Robert Guerrero
 Vinny Paz
 Pernell Whitaker

Featherweight

 Yuriorkis Gamboa
 Erik Morales

Bantamweight

 Billy Dib
 Fernando Montiel

Flyweight

 Jorge Arce
 Nonito Donaire

Referencias

Videojuegos de 2009
Videojuegos de boxeo
Videojuegos de EA Sports
Videojuegos para PlayStation 3
Videojuegos para Xbox 360
Videojuegos de un solo jugador y de multijugador

Fight Night Round 4


Scomberesox saurus (Zurna balığı), Scomberesocidae familyasına ait bir balık türüdür.

Atlas Okyanusu'nda ve Avustralya'yı çevreleyen denizlerde yaygındır. Açık denizlerde yaşayan zurna balığı, Süveyş kanalının açılmasından sonra Akdeniz'de de görülmüştür. Boyu ortalama , en büyükleri  olur. Sırt ve anal yüzgeçleri vücudunun arka kısmındadır.

Plankton ve balık yavruları ile beslenirler. (Merlin, lüfer ve ton balıkları tarafından avlanılırlar.

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

 Encyclopædia Brittanica, 1988, volume 10, sayfa 477

Scomberesox

Zurna balığı


Cultul cobrei (titlu original: Cult of the Cobra) este un film de groază american din 1955 regizat de Francis D. Lyon. Rolurile principale sunt interpretate de actorii Faith Domergue, Kathleen Hughes și Marshall Thompson.

Prezentare

În timp ce staționează în Asia, șase militari americani G.I. sunt martorii ritualului secret al Lamianilor (închinători la femeile care se pot schimba în șerpi). Când sunt descoperiți de cult, Înaltul Preot Lamian le promite că "Zeița Cobra se va răzbuna". Odată reveniți în Statele Unite, o femeie misterioasă intră în viața lor și încep să apară accidente. Umbra unei cobre este văzută înainte de fiecare moarte.

Distribuție
 Faith Domergue - Lisa Moya
 Richard Long - Paul Able
 Marshall Thompson - Tom Markel
 Kathleen Hughes - Julia Thompson
 William Reynolds - Pete Norton
 Jack Kelly - Carl Turner
 Myrna Hansen - Marian Sheehan
 David Janssen - Rico Nardi
 Leonard Strong - Daru
 James Dobson - Cpl. Nick Hommel
 Edward Platt - Snake cult priest

Note

Legături externe

Filme din 1955
Filme de groază
Filme de groază din anii 1950
Filme în limba engleză
Filme americane
Filme regizate de Francis D. Lyon
Filme fantastice din anii 1950

Cultul cobrei


අති‍ශයෝක්ත පුවත්පත් කලාව විෂය අනුව ලියන ලද පුවත් පත් කලාවේ ආකාරයත් වන අතර සැමවිටම වාර්තාකරැ පළමු පුද්ගල වෘත්තයේ කොටසක් වේ. මෙම රටාව මගින් සකස් සහ ප්‍රබන්ධ කොටසක් වන ලෙස මිශ්‍ර කර කියවන්නා කෙරෙහි අවධානය යොමු කරනු ලබයි.

අතිශෙයෝක්තිය යන වචනය හන්ටර් එස්. කොටජයන් මගින් 1970 දී තමා ලියු ලිපියක් විස්කර කර ගැනීමට පලමුව යොදා ගන්නා ලදී. පසුව මෙම රටාව ජනප්‍රිය කරන ලදි. මෙම පදය පසුව අනිකුත් විෂයානුකූල කලාත්මක කාර්යන් සඳහා භාවිතා කරන ලදී.

අතිශයෝක්ත පුවත්පත් කලාව මගින් නිවැරදිතාවය වැඩියෙන් අනුග්‍රහය ලැබෙන අතර බොහෝ විට පෞද්ගලික අත්දැකිම් සහ අවේගය මගින් සඳහා හාතෘකා හා අවස්ථා ආවරණය කරයි.  එමගින් පුවත්පත් මාඨ්‍ය මගින් අනුග්‍රහක දැක්වු බලමට්ටම් කල සංස්කරණය වු නිෂ්පාදනය සහ අසස් තත්ත්වයට ලබා ගැනීමට උත්සහ කරයි. උපුටන, උපන්‍යාය, හාස්‍යය අති‍ශයෝක්තිය සහ ඇසබ් වචන වුවත් පොදුවේ. අති‍ශයෝක්තිය පුවත්පත් ලව භාවිතා මගින් පුවත් පත් කලාව අරමුණු වලින් තාරව ලිපිය යන එය ආසන ලෙස කතී වාර්තා ස්ථාපන වන බවට අනතුරක් ඇති බව දැනගනියි.

සටහන්

| Gonzo Journalism
|}
{|

අතිශයෝක්තියෙන් යුත් පුවත්පත් කලාව


La Ruta Estatal de California 139, y abreviada SR 139 (en inglés: California State Route 139) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de California. La carretera inicia en el Sur desde la  hacia el Norte en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 196,1 km (121.836 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de California 139 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de California por sus siglas en inglés Caltrans.

Cruces
La Ruta Estatal de California 139 es atravesada principalmente por la .
{| class=wikitable
!Condado
!Localidad
!Miliario
!Destinos
!Notas
|-
|rowspan=4|Lassen<small>LAS 0.00-66.64
|Susanville
|0.00
| – Reno, Red Bluff
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|43.27
|Termo-Grasshopper Road – Termo
|
|-
|
|61.46
|
|
|-
|rowspan=4|Modoc<small>MOD 0.00-50.68
|Adin
|bgcolor=#ddffdd|0.230.33
|bgcolor=#ddffdd|
|bgcolor=#ddffdd|Extremo Sur de la SR 299 overlap
|-
|Canby
|bgcolor=#ddffdd|21.750.23
|bgcolor=#ddffdd|
|bgcolor=#ddffdd|Extremo Norte de la SR 299
|-
|
|17.35
|Lookout-Hackamore Road – Lookout, Bieber
|
|-
|
|40.45
|condado Road 114
|
|-
|rowspan=4|Siskiyou<small>SIS 0.00-5.04
|Tulelake
|1.04
|East West Road, E Street (Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway), Osborne Road
|
|-
|
|5.04
|, Malin
|
|-
|
|5.04
|colspan=2 align=center|Frontera con Oregón
|-
|
|5.04
|
| Continuación más allá de la SR 161 y la frontera con Oregón

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Caltrans

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de California
Carreteras del condado de Lassen
Carreteras del condado de Modoc

Ruta Estatal de California 139


Debreli Hasan, Drama'da doğup büyümüş halk kahramanı, eşkıya. Yoğun olarak Drama, Kavala, Sarışaban, İskeçe bölgelerinde yaşamış ve eşkıyalık yapmıştır. Dönem dönem Serez ve Gümülcine'de de görüldüğü olmuştur. Yaşadığı dönemine göre iyi sayılabilecek bir eğitim almış olmakla birlikte eğitim hayatını tamamlayamadan dağa çıkmak zorunda kalmıştır.

Eşkıyalığı
Debreli Hasan, amcası olduğu tahmin edilen kişiye, vergi memurlarının haksızlık yapmasına isyan etmesi ve yakın arkadaşı Karakedi'yle birlikte vergi memurlarına pusu kurup haksızlıkla aldıkları vergileri geri almasıyla başlayan eşkıyalık hayatı, kimilerine göre 20, kimilerine göre ise 30 yıla kadar süren bir zaman dilimini kaplar.
Debreli'nin etkin olduğu yılların 1900'lü yılların başlarından mübadeleye kadar geçen zamanda olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Çakırcalı Mehmet Efe ile aynı dönemde etkin olduklarına dair rivayetler vardır. Bunların en meşhuru da Yahudi bir tüccarın Selanik'ten İzmir'e değerli ürünler götürmek için yola çıktığında tüccara, "Balkanların eşkıyası Debreli'den geçsen bile Ege dağlarının eşkıyası Çakırcalı'sından geçemezsin" derler ve nitekim de öyle olur.
Debreli hakkında yeterli yazılı kaynaklar olmamasına rağmen günümüze kadar gündemde kalmasının sebebi ise kendisi için söylenmiş olan Drama Köprüsü türküsüdür.
Drama Köprüsü ile ilgili iki rivayet bulunmaktadır. İlki ve yaygın olanı, Debreli Hasan'ın o dönemde yaşayan ve halkı ezen, haksızlıklar yapan zengin beylerden ve tüccarlardan çaldığı (gasp ettiği) parayla yaptırdığıyla ilgili söylenen rivayettir. İkincisi ve daha mantıklı olanı ise eski yıkılmış köprüyü tamir ettirdiği yönünde olanıdır. Bir diğer hikâye ise Debreli Hasan'ın sevdiği kızın başkasına verilmesidir ve bu hikâye Debreli Hasan'ın vurulması sonucu ile biter, Debreli Hasan'ın mezarının nerede olduğu ise bilinmemektedir.

Debreli ismi
Debreli Hasan Drama/Debrencik köyü doğumlu olduğundan dolayı Debreli lakabını almıştır.

Drama Köprüsü ve Debreli Hasan Türküsü

Drama köprüsü Hasan, dardır geçilmez bre Hasan

Dardır geçilmez

Soğuktur suları Hasan bir tas içilmez

Soğuktur suları Hasan bir tas içilmez

Anadan geçilir Hasan, yardan geçilmez bre Hasan

Yardan geçilmez (yardan geçilmez)

At martini debreli Hasan dağlar inlesin

Drama mahpusunda hey dost canlar dinlesin

Mezar taşlarını Hasan, koyun mu sandın bre Hasan

Koyun mu sandın?

Adam öldürmeyi Hasan, oyun mu sandın?

Adam öldürmeyi Hasan, oyun mu sandın?

Drama mahpusunu Hasan, evin mi sandın bre Hasan

Evin mi sandın? (evin mi sandın?)

At martini debreli Hasan dağlar inlesin

Drama mahpusunda hey dost canlar dinlesin

At martini debreli Hasan dağlar inlesin

Drama mahpusunda hey dost canlar dinlesin

Kaynak: LyricFind

Rumeli
Köprü
İskeçe (il)
Kavala (il)
Halk kahramanları

Debreli Hasan


هناك مقالة أخرى عن قرية تومين في محافظة حماة.

التومين وهي وحدة عسكرية تتكون من عشرة آلاف جندي ، (بالمنغولية:Түмэн)، التومين هو جزء من النظام العشري الذي استخدمه شعوب الترك والمنغول لتنظيم جيوشهم.

تنظيم جنكيز خان
التنظيم العسكري المغولي لجيش جنكيز خان بسيط ولكنه فعال، اعتمد على تقليد قديم للسهوب وهو النظام العشري حيث تتكون الفرق العسكرية من مجاميع وكل مجموعة تحتوي على عشرة رجال تسمى أربانِ، 100 ياغون، 1000 منغان، ثم 10000 تومين. كل قائد مجموعة يخضع للقائد الذي أعلى منه كماهو التنظيم المتبع بالتنظيمات العسكرية الحديثة. فالتومين اعتبر حجم عملي جدا فلا هو قليل العدد للحملة القوية ولاهو ضخم الحجم لتأمين النقل والإمدادات. فالإستراتيجية العسكرية اعتمدت على استخدام التومين كمجموعة متكاملة تسبب الصدمات القوية ثم الهجوم.

الجيوش الحديثة
لايزال الجيش التركي يستخدم مصطلح التومين كوحدة عسكرية، من 6,000 إلى 10,000 جندي

انظر أيضا
 إمبراطورية المغول
 تومان

المصادر

10000 (عدد)
الجيش التركي
تاريخ إمبراطورية المغول العسكري
جنكيز خان
كلمات وجمل تركية
وحدات وتشكيلات عسكرية حسب الحجم

تومين (وحدة)


Basedow hastalığı, tiroid bezinin aşırı çalışmasıyla ortaya çıkan otoimmun hastalıktır. Toksik guatr da denir.

Hastalık, çoğunlukla gençlerde görülür.

Belirtiler
Tiroid bezi büyür (guatr), göz yuvarları dışa fırlar, ellerde titreşme, terleme, çarpıntı gibi belirtiler görülür. Kanda tiroid hormonları artar. Hastalık nedeninin bağışıklık sistemindeki bir bozukluk olduğu sanılmaktadır.

Tedavi
Hastalığın tedavisinde önce antitiroid ilaçlar, radyoaktif ilaçlar denenir. Başarılı olunmazsa tiroid bezinin bir bölümünün çıkarılması biçiminde ameliyata başvurulur.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Guatr

Tiroit hastalıkları

Basedow hastalığı


Vilar Formoso es una estación ferroviaria situada en Vilar Formoso, el municipio portugués de Almeida. La estación sirve para las líneas de la Beira Alta y Medina del Campo-Vilar Formoso, esta última procedente de España.

Características

Localización y accesos
Esta plataforma se encuentra junto a la calle de la Estación, en la localidad de Vilar Formoso.

Descripción física
Contaba, en enero de 2011, con cinco vías de circulación, con longitudes entre los 583 y 211 metros; las tres plataformas tenían 375 y 317 metros de extensión, y 35 y 25 centímetros de altura.

Historia
El tramo entre esta plataforma y la estación de Pampilhosa entró en servicio, de forma provisional, el 1 de  julio de 1882; la Línea de Beira Alta fue inaugurada, en su totalidad, entre Vilar Formoso y Figueira da Foz, el 3 de agosto del mismo año, por la Compañía de los Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses de Beira Alta.

Véase también

 Red Ferroviaria Nacional

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Vilar Formoso
Vilar Formoso
Almeida

Estación de Vilar Formoso


Arthur Warrington Westover, né le 9 mai 1864 à Sutton et mort le 14 août 1935 à Sweetsburg, est un tireur sportif canadien.

Carrière
Arthur Westover participe aux Jeux olympiques de 1908 à Londres où il est médaillé d'argent en fosse olympique par équipes et cinquième de l'épreuve individuelle.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Tireur sportif canadien
Tireur aux Jeux olympiques de 1908
Médaillé d'argent olympique canadien
Naissance en mai 1864
Naissance en Estrie
Décès en août 1935
Décès au Québec
Décès à 71 ans
Sportif suicidé
Suicide au Canada
Suicide par arme à feu au Canada

Arthur Westover


The Reform Party of Ontario (RPO) (PRO; ) was a minor political party in Ontario, Canada. Until the 1999 provincial election, the party ran one candidate each election in order to keep the party's name in the possession of supporters of the Reform Party of Canada.

Although a small group of candidates laid claim to the name, they had to run under the 'Independent Reform' label. After the federal Reform Party became defunct, several independent Reformers revived the RPO name, and the party ran two candidates in the 2007 provincial election and four in the 2011 provincial election.

The Reform Party of Ontario is not to be confused with the pre-Confederation Reform Party, which later became the Ontario Liberal Party, with the leftist progressive United Reform party of the 1940s, nor the defunct populist social conservative New Reform Party of Ontario (known as the Family Coalition Party of Ontario until it was renamed in 2015).

Official Reform Party of Ontario
Supporters of the federal Reform Party registered the "Reform Party of Ontario" name in 1989, and re-registered it in 1994.  This registration was made to prevent anyone else from using the 'Reform' name in Ontario politics; the party nominated one paper candidate in each election and did not campaign actively. Ken Kalopsis, the co-president of the Canadian Alliance, ran for the RPO in the 1999 provincial election in Davenport, as its first candidate to maintain registration and control the rights to the party name. Kalopsis won 174 votes without campaigning.

Federal Reform leader Preston Manning and Premier of Ontario Mike Harris had a good relationship, and it was agreed that the federal Reform Party would not campaign actively provincially in order to prevent vote splitting. The provincial Tories returned the favour by giving some unofficial support to Reform in federal politics.

Robert Beard was the party's leader for RPO in 2002. With the end of the federal Reform Party, the provincial Reform Party was deregistered in September 2003.

Unofficial movement
In 1993, several strong supporters of the Reform Party of Canada started a movement that advocated for an active Reform party in Ontario. This movement was not affiliated with the federal Reform Party, and thus was prevented from using the Reform Party of Ontario name by Elections Ontario.

After the 1995 general election, the Ontario-based group founded "Grassroots United Against Reform's Demise" (GUARD) to lobby for the Reform Party's participation in provincial politics. "Focus Federally For Reform", which opposed an active party, was formed in response opposing participation. A vast majority of Ontario Reform supporters backed Focus Federally, and Grassroots United lost their bid to have the party enter Ontario politics.

The group supporting a Reform movement in Ontario formed the "Reform Association of Ontario" (Reform Ontario), cofounded by Kimble F. Ainslie of London and Reg Gosse of Kitchener in 1994. The association was denied party status by the Ontario Election Commission in 1995, and ran unsuccessfully in the 1995 election. Candidates were nominated in Huron—Bruce, Kitchener—Waterloo, London, Ontario district, and other ridings in the Greater Toronto Area for Reform Association of Ontario. The group's aim was to protest the undemocratic decision. The candidates gained very few votes and no candidate was elected.

The Reform Association of Ontario ran a candidate in the 1999 election in Prince Edward—Hastings and in the 2003 election in Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound. Both were credited as "Independent Reform" candidates, but gained very few votes and no candidate was elected. Running again as an Independent Reformer, the 2003 Reform Ontario candidate for Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound, Bill Cook, ran in the 2005 Dufferin—Peel—Wellington—Grey by-election, against the Ontario Progressive Conservative leader, John Tory, who won.

The Reform Association for Ontario was renamed the "Reform Ontario" movement and continued to promote its "Triple 'R' Government" agenda, including recall for removing unpopular politicians and fixed election dates, referendums on the issues such as electoral financing reform and preferential ballot voting, and "real responsible representation" through more free votes for MPPs instead of direction from party whips in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

Official party

The "Representative Party of Ontario" was formed by and led by Bill Cook, a former Reform Ontario activist from Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound.   The party never got beyond being a reserved provincial political party name in the Province of Ontario, Canada.  The party's request to register the name and abbreviation was submitted in early September 2004, verified in late October-early November, and reserved on Friday, December 17, 2004.  The name was judged to be not acceptable by Elections Ontario on March 10, 2005. The party hoped to become the grassroot Reform-oriented alternative to the main Liberal, Progressive Conservative and New Democratic parties in the province.  The party's traditional populist beliefs in representative and direct democracy followed those of the politics of pre-Confederation Reform Party leader William Lyon Mackenzie, former United Farmers of Ontario premier Ernest Charles Drury and former Ontario Cooperative Commonwealth Federation member Agnes Campbell Macphail.

When the name was rejected in 2005, the party was then intended to be revived as "Ontario Alternative", according to Elections Ontario, a name reserved by Joshua E. Eriksen, a student of political science at Redeemer College and McMaster University in Hamilton. As federal Reform Party supporters no longer had possession of the name "Reform Party of Ontario", the name was reclaimed by the provincial Reformers for the 2007 election. Bradley J. Harness, who cofounded the federal Ontario Party of Canada with George Burns in 2002, was selected as its party leader, Cook as its deputy leader and agriculture critic, and Eriksen as its provincial party president.

The RPO ran two candidates: Cook in Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound and Harness in Lambton—Kent—Middlesex. Eriksen was its campaign manager, but neither candidate gained many votes nor were elected.

Past party president Donn Korbin and chief financial officer Andrew Long pushed to keep the Reform Party of Ontario a true blueprint of the Common Sense Revolution era of the Ontario Progressive Conservatives. During that era, Mike Harris and the Ontario PCs had won two majority governments. Special interest groups like the Ontario Landowners Association (OLA) and its "Rural Revolution" members had maintained a hard right line with the RPO against the Ontario Tories, now led by Red Tory moderate John Tory.

Joining forces, the populist-based RPO and libertarian-based OLA agreed on many common principles to build a unified Northern Rural Ontario manifesto for the farmer and labourer. Three basic principles were identified: "property rights, deamalgamation, and less government yet better governance". RPO party leader Harness and president Eriksen met with OLA president and current Carleton—Mississippi Mills PC MPP Jack MacLaren and eight other senior leaders from the group to work out the details. Lanark—Frontenac—Lennox & Addington PC MPP Randy Hillier considered crossing over to Reform in the Ontario Legislature as its first member because of his dissatisfaction with Tory's leadership.

According to the press, Harness had worked out a side deal under which he would become the deputy under Hillier, if Hillier joined Reform Ontario. Hillier declined and then quickly denied any involvement with the side deal, and the strength of both organizations was greatly diminished.

2009 and 2010 by-election campaigns
On February 4, Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty announced that a by-election would be held on March 5, 2009 in Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock to fill the seat vacated by its PC MPP Laurie Scott, who stepped aside so that Progressive Conservative leader John Tory could seek a seat in the legislature.

Reform Party leader Brad Harness announced that Reform planned to run a candidate, and slammed Tory as an "urbanite" who would only appeal to "big C" Conservatives. However, Harness backed down, and the party did not field a candidate.

Harness announced that he would run a Reform candidate in the March 4, 2010 by-election in Ottawa West—Nepean, but then Harness backed down again and did not do so.

2011–2015
The party ran four candidates in the 2011 election: Robert Szajkowski in Hamilton Centre, Gerald Augustine in Niagara West–Glanbrook, David Natale in Vaughan, and the party leader Harness in Lambton—Kent—Middlesex. Former Hamilton Mountain PC MPP Trevor Pettit acted as a campaign manager and deputy leader of the party. None of the party's candidate were elected.

The party did not run candidates in the 2014 election, and was deregistered by Elections Ontario.

Subsequent activity

Some executives of the Reform Party of Ontario and some grassroots members, were approached to join the new expansion towards a broader base in time for the 2018 provincial election. Those actively involved include RPO president Joshua E. Eriksen, RPO deputy leader Bill Cook, as well as other RPO executives from the past.

At an annual general meeting in Burlington at the Crossroads Forum, the Family Coalition Party of Ontario leadership via its newly elected party leader James Gault, deputy leader and director of communications Eric Ames, president Lynne Scime led a move to combine the original traditional moral values of the FCP with the democratic reform principles of the RPO into a new rebranded party called the New Reform Party of Ontario.

However, the new party was deregistered by Elections Ontario as of January 2016, after only running once in the 2015 Simcoe North byelection, where Gault and New Reform placed fifth out of eight candidates with 197 votes (0.50%).

Party ideology
The Reform Party of Ontario, like the Reform Association of Ontario and the Reform Ontario movement before it, was an Ontario provincial version of the federal Reform Party of Canada. Though populism makes up the main thrust of its political ideology, Reform Ontario focused on a mixture of fiscal, social, and libertarian conservatism.

RPO supported a reduction in the size of government. RPO would balance the budget and pay down the deficit and debt first before cutting taxes. Reform Ontario respect for life, freedom and liberty of the individual, and private ownership of property with limited yet effective government are key principles. They believed the family unit is the basic building block of society, in a stronger institution of marriage reduces cultural ills and increases labour productivity. RPO believed in more public involvement by the people using private investment for more effective and efficient service in areas of health care, education, and energy, which allow government limited control over personal decisions by its taxpayers.

Reform Ontario supported what it called "Triple 'R' government": (1) referendums on the issues such as electoral financing reform and preferential ballot voting, (2) a recall for removing unpopular politicians and fixed election dates, and (3) "real responsible representation" through more free publicly recorded and unwhipped votes for MPPs instead of direction by party whips in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The party also supported allowing municipalities that have been amalgamated the right to deamalgamate, and of strengthening of individual property rights.

Election results

See also
List of Ontario general elections
List of Ontario political parties
Reform Party of Alberta
Reform Party of Canada

References

External links
 Reform Party of Ontario party website
 Reform Party of Ontario campaign website
 Reform Party of Ontario rebranding website
 Archived copy of Reform Party of Ontario's website (July 4, 2007)
 Archived copy of Reform Party of Ontario's website (Dec 18, 2014)

Political parties established in 1989
Political parties disestablished in 2015
Reform Party of Canada
1989 establishments in Ontario
Strathroy-Caradoc
Defunct provincial political parties in Ontario

Reform Party of Ontario


Lorenzo Fabbri, fiktivni policijski inspektor iz kriminalističke serije "Inspektor Rex". Bio je Rexov vlasnik i poglavar rimskog Odjela za ubojstva. Utjelovio ga je Kaspar Capparoni.

Životopis
Lorenzo Fabbri prvi put se pojavio u 1. epizodi 11. sezone, "Novi početak". Tijekom tri sezone on i Rex rješavali su mnoge slučajeve. Fabbrijeva desna ruka i najbolji prijatelj je inspektor Alberto Monterosso. U 2. epizodi 14. sezone, "Među vukovima", tragično pogiba u eksploziji automobila koju je uzrokovao zli poglavar srpske mafije.

Izgled
Lorenzo Fabbri je visok, mršav i plavokos. Ima plave oči, visoko čelo i povijen nos.

Zanimljivosti
Čini se da je Rex odmah po dolasku u Italiju razumio talijanski jezik bez ikakvih problema.

Inspektor Rex

Lorenzo Fabbri


Brescia er borg og sveitarfélag í Langbarðalandi á Ítalíu. Hún liggur nálægt Ölpunum og Gardavatni og Iseovatni. Íbúar eru rúmlega 200.000 (2019) en íbúar héraðsins 1,2 milljón. Borgin er kölluð Ljónynja Ítalíu (Leonessa d'Italia)

Í Brescia eru einar best varðveittu rómversku rústir á norður-Ítalíu (borgin hét Brixia á tímum Rómverja). Einnig eru þar miðaldakastalar, dómkirkjur og minnismerki. Minjar þessar eru á lista UNESCO. Frakkar og Austurríkismenn réðu borginni um tíma og voru stríð og hernaðarátök gegn þeim. Brescia sameinaðist nýlegu Konungsríki Ítalíu árið 1859.

Borgin var áður fyrr mikilvæg iðnaðarborg og framleiðsla verkfæra og byssna meðal vara. Knattspyrnulið borgarinnar er Brescia Calcio.

Langbarðaland
Borgir á Ítalíu

Brescia


In der Liste der Kulturdenkmale im Concelho Moita sind alle Kulturdenkmale des portugiesischen Kreises Moita aufgeführt.

Kulturdenkmale nach Freguesia

Alhos Vedros

Gaio-Rosário

Moita

Legende: PM – Welterbe; MN – Monumento Nacional; IIP – Imóvel de Interesse Público; IIM – Imóvel de Interesse Municipal; VC – Klassifizierung läuft

Weblinks

Moita
!Kulturdenkmale


El término Urozhaini  puede referirse a:

Urozhaini (Gulkévichi, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Gulkévichi del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia;
Urozhaini (Novopokróvskaya, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Novopokróvskaya del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia;
Urozhaini (Tijoretsk, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Tijoretsk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia; o
Urozhaini (Stávropol), localidad del krai de Stávropol, en Rusia.

Urozhaini


Harold Joseph Connolly (8 September 1901 – 17 May 1980) was a Canadian journalist, newspaper editor, and politician who served as the 15th premier of Nova Scotia in 1954.

Connolly was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia, the son of Richard Joseph Connolly and Annie Duffield. He was educated at St. Mary's College. As a newspaperman, he worked for the Halifax Chronicle before serving as editor of the Daily Star.

He was first elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in a 1936 by-election as a Liberal in Halifax North after Gordon Benjamin Isnor was elected to the House of Commons. He was appointed to cabinet in 1941 as Minister of Industry and Publicity. He served as Minister of Industry and Trade from 1945 to 1950, when he became Minister of Public Health. When Premier Angus L. Macdonald died in 1954, Connolly became the province's premier and the Liberal Party's interim leader. He stood for the full-time job in the 1954 leadership convention, but was defeated by Henry Hicks when Protestant delegates formed a united front to prevent the election of Connolly, a Catholic. The move caused a severe religious split within the party, which contributed to its defeat two years later at the hands of Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives.

Connolly retired from provincial politics in 1955 when he was elevated to the Senate of Canada for the Halifax North, Nova Scotia division on 28 July 1955 following nomination by Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent. He served until his resignation on 14 May 1979.

Connolly was a lieutenant in the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps and the Canadian Officers' Training Corps from 1940 to 1945.

He married Catherine Burns in 1928; with whom he had 1 daughter, Catherine. He married Vivian Martel after the death of his first wife. He had five more children, Maureen, Dennis, David, Sharon and Patricia. Connolly's daughter Sharon Carstairs has gone on to have a prominent political career as leader of the Manitoba Liberal Party and, subsequently, a Liberal senator before retiring from politics in 2011.

References

 Canadian Parliamentary Guide, 1948, PG Normandin

 Entry from the Canadian Encyclopedia

1901 births
1980 deaths
Canadian Roman Catholics
Canadian people of Irish descent
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
People from Sydney, Nova Scotia
Premiers of Nova Scotia
Canadian senators from Nova Scotia
Canadian newspaper editors
Canadian male journalists
Nova Scotia Ministers of Health
Nova Scotia political party leaders

Harold Connolly


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 Huoching, Alamanyalı asilzade (ö. 744)
 Süleyman bin Abdülmelik, Emeviler devleti halifesi (ö. 717)

Ölümler
 24 Mayıs - Aşina Zhong, Sol Bilge Prensi (d. 611)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Sa'd bin Ebû Vakkas, sahabe (d. 592)

675


Edijana Dafe (født 27. maj 1990 i Göteborg) er en svensk håndboldspiller, der spiller for København Håndbold. Hun kom til klubben i 2015. Hun har tidligere optrådt for IK Sävehof i hjemlandet.

Kilder

 Spillerprofil - København Håndbold

Personer fra Göteborg
Håndboldspillere fra Sverige
Håndboldspillere fra IK Sävehof
Håndboldspillere fra København Håndbold

Edijana Dafe


Háj ve Slezsku (în ) este o localitate între Opava și Ostrava, cele două orașe mari din regiunea Moravia-Silezia, Republica Cehă. Are 3.317 de cetățeni: 1.704 de femei; 1.613 de bărbați. Orașul are 972 gospodării.

Istorie
Satul a fost construit în jurul anului 1880 în registrul funciar al orașului Chabičov și a fost considerat partea sa administrativă până în anul 1922. Prin unirea orașului Chabičov cu un alt oraș numit Smolkov, Háj ve Slezsku a devenit oficial un oraș independent, iar cele patru orașe au devenit părți administrative. Jilešovice și Lhota u Opavy au fost conectate în 1976 și respectiv 1979.

Trivia
 Locul nașterii lui Vladislav Vančura - un renumit scriitor ceh.
 De mai mulți ani, orașul și-a sărbătorit cetățenii și oamenii din zonele înconjurătoare într-un festival anual numit Rozmarné léto, după cel mai cunoscut roman al lui Vančura.

Galerie

Note

Districtul Opava

Háj ve Slezsku


Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Paşa (ö. Temmuz 1626) I. Mustafa'nın ikinci kez tahtan indirilmesinden hemen önce 21 Eylül 1622 - 5 Şubat 1623 tarihleri arasında dört ay on gün sadrazamlık yapmış bir Osmanlı devlet adamıdır.

Hayatı
Kanuni Sultan Süleyman döneminin son sadrazamlarından olan Semiz Ali Paşa'nın kölesi idi. Saraya verildikten sonra akağalık görevini yaptı. Enderun hasodabaşılığa atandı..

III. Mehmed'in saltanatının sonlarına doğru Ekim 1603'te üçüncü vezir unvanı verilip kubbealtı veziri oldu. Pek az sonra ise Mısır eyaleti valiliği ile İstanbul'dan ayrıldı. Önden önce Mısır Valisi olan Maktul Sufi İbrahim Paşa Mısır'da bulunan askeri sınıfın bir isyanında öldürülmüş idi. Gürcü Hadim Mehmed Paşa Mısır'a geldiğinde bu isyanla uğraşmaya başlayıp isyancı askeri sınıfı yola getirip  ve Mısır'da asayişi sağladı. Orada 7 ay kaldıktan sonra Mısır Valiliği'nden azlolundu.

1605'te ise Bosna Eyaleti valisi tayin edildi ve Belgrad kalesi ve Tuna muhafızlığı görevi de verildi. 1609'da İstanbul'a döndü ve divan-ı humayun'da kubbealtı veziri olarak çalıştı. Bu dönemde yapılan seferler dolayısıyla sadrazamların serdar-ı ekrem olarak ordu başında İstanbul'dan ayrılmaları nedeniyle, Gürcü Mehmed Paşa üç defa İstanbul'da sedaret kaymakamlığı yaptı.

Sultan II. Osman'ın öldürülmesi sonunda ikinci defa tahta geçirilen I. Mustafa sadrazam Lefkeli Mustafa Paşa'yı zorba isyancılar tarafından istenmemesi üzerine azletti ve deneyimli bir vezir olan Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Paşa'yı 21 Eylül 1622'de sadrazamlığa tayin edildi.

İzleyen günlerde Rus Elçisi geldi ve sadrazam ile Rus elçisi Parmakkapı'da görüşmelerinde savaş üzerinde tartışmalar çıktı.

Erzurum valisi olan Abaza Mehmed Paşa, II. Osman'ın kan davasını güden tımarlı sipahilerden destek alarak isyan etti. Bundan kaygılanan İstanbul'da bulunan kapıkulları Sultan Osman cinayetini üzerlerine almamak için şehirde taşkınlıklarda bulunmaya başladılar. Bunlar 21 Aralık 1622'de Divanhane önünde bu cinayeti reddetmek için yaptıkları eylemlere başlayıp; taşra kadıları tarafından hain olarak isimlendirilmelerini kınayıp cinayeti yapanların ortaya çıkarılıp cezalandırılmasını istediler. Divanhane önünde yapılan bu eylemler
Ocak başına kadar sürdü.

Ocak başında I. Mustafa sadece "Tiz katiller bulunsun" cümlesi ihtiva eden bir hatt-ı humayun yayınladı. Sadrazam Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Paşa da Sultan Osman cinayeti ile yakın ilişkisi olanları yakalatıp onların idam edilmesi işlerine eğildi. Cebecibaşı Kara Mazak kaçarken yakalanıp Yedikule yolunda Sutlan Osman'ın su içtiği çeşme önünde boynu vuruldu. Eski sadrazam Hain Davud Paşa 5 Ocak günü Eyüp'te bir samanlıkta saklanmış olarak yakalandı ve Yedikule zindanında tutuklandı. Karısı Cellad Süleyman Usta'ya rüşvet teklif edip idamını geciktirmeyi denedi fakat 7 Ocak'ta Hain Davud Paşa'nın idamı için karar Divan-ı Humayun'dan çıkıp; onunda Sultan Osman'ın su içtiği çeşme başında idamı uygun görüldü. İdamı yerine getirilecek olan eski sadrazam koynundan Sultan Osman'ın katli için Anadolu ve Rumeli kazaskerlerinin verdikleri fetvaları ve I. Mustafa'nın verdiği fermanı çıkartıp etrafa gösterdi. Orada bulunan yeniçeriler paşayı idamdan kurtarmak için onu ata bindirip Orta Camii'ne götürdüler. Fakat Sadrazam Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Paşa buna karşı tedbir almıştı. 200 asker ile Orta Camii'ni bastırıp Hain Davud Paşa'yı tekrar tutuklatıp Yedikule zindanına gönderdi. Hain Davud Paşa ve padişah katlinde rol oynayıp o zaman kadar yakalananlardan vezir Derviş Paşa, Kalender Uğrusu ve Meydan Bey 8 Ocak'ta Yedikule'de idam edildiler.

İstanbul'da şehir yönetimini ellerine geçirmiş olan yeniçeri zorbaları bundan sonra Sadrazam Gürcü Hadim Mehmed Paşa'yı hedef aldılar. Onun divan toplantısı için saraya geldiğinde, Mere Hüseyin Paşa tarafından tahrik edilmiş bir kapıkulu sipahi güruhu, saray bahçesine girip onu istemediklerini ilan ettiler. Bunun üzerine 5 Şubat 1623'te Sadrazam mühr-ü humayunu kapıcılar kethudası ile Sultan I. Mustafa'ya göndererek sadrazamlıktan çekildi. Yerine ikinci kez Mere Hüseyin Paşa sadrazamlığa tayin edildi. Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Paşa Bursa'ya sürgüne gönderildi.

9 Eylül 1623'te I. Mustafa akıl dengesizliği dolayısıyla Sadrazam Kemankeş Ali Paşa ile Şeyhülislam Yahya Efendi tarafından tahttan indirilip daha 12 yaşında çocuk olan IV. Murat tahta çıkartıldı. Padişahın küçüklüğü dolayısıyla kendi başına buyruk olan sadrazam Kemankeş Ali Paşa pozisyonu güçlendirmek için baş rakipleri olan Gürcü Hadim Mehmed Paşa ile Damat Halil Paşa'yı karalamak için onların Abaza Mehmed Paşa'y arka verdiklerini ileri sürdü. Tam buna dayanan icraata başlayacakken, Bağdat'ta hakimiyeti eline alan "Bekir Subaşı" Olayını ve onun vesilesi ile İran'ın Bağdat'ı eline geçirdiği gerçeğini devlet ricalinden ve Kösem Sultan'dan sakladığı için sadrazamlıktan azledildi.

Sadaret görevi Çerkes Mehmed Paşa'ya görev verildi. Yeni sadrazam doğu sorunlarını halletmek için bir orduyu Nisan'dan itibaren hazırlamaya başlayarak bu ordu ile 17 Haziran'da Üsküdar'dan Anadolu'ya hareket etti.

İstanbul'da sadaret kaymakamı olarak Nisan 1624'ten itibaren Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Paşa görev yapmaya başladı. Temmuz 1624'te kadar para reformu ile uğraştı. Bu reformla tedavüldeki sikkelerin rayiçleri değiştirildi ve bir altın 120 akçeye ve 1 kuruş 80 akçeye düşürüldü. Bu reformlarla uğraşırken Doğu'da beklenmedik şekilde ölen Sadrazam Çerkes Mehmed Paşa yerine Sadrazam ve serdar-ı ekrem olan Hafız Ahmet Paşa'nın istediği lojistik ve para desteğini veremedi.

Fakat kaptan-ı derya olup Karadeniz'de Kazaklara karşı başarılı donanma seferi yapan Topal Recep Paşa yaptığı seferden geri dönünce İstanbul sadaret kaymakamı olmak istemekteydi. Yaptığı tahrik ile yeniçeriler tekrar eyleme geçtiler ve bu sefer şikayetleri Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Paşa'nın akçe rayici düşürmesi ve Bağdat önüne gitmekte olan orduya destek sağlamaması oldu. Tarihçi Hammer'ın Venedik balyosu mektubundan aktardığı bilgilere göre, kapıkulu askeri isyanın bir başka vesilesi sadaret kaymakamının devleti ayaklanmacı kapıkullarından kurtarmak için  bir seri tedbirin açıklamasını ihtiva eden Padişah'a gönderdiği mektubun Topal Recep Paşa tarafından kapıkulu askerine sızdırılması olduğu belirtilmektedir.

Bu asi yeniçeri istekleri çocuk IV. Murat'ın naiplik görevini yapan "Büyük Valide Kosem Sultan tarafından da uygun görülmüştür. Sadaret kaymakamı olan Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Paşa kendi konağında boğularak idam edilmiştir. Yerine İstanbul sedaret kaymakamlığına Topal Recep Paşa getirilmiştir.

Eyüp Camii ikinci avlusunda bulunan türbesinde gömülmüştür.

Değerlendirme
Aynı dönemde yaşayan tarihçi Atayi  Gürcü Mehmed paşayı
dindar, hayır-hah ve işinde sebatlı
olarak değerlendirmektedir. 20. yy. tarihçisi Uzunçarşılı'nın  değerlendirmesi de şöyledir:
Sadaret kaymakamlığında ayarı bozulmuş olan sikkeyi ıslah ederek hem iktisadi durumun hem de devlet itibarının düzelmesinde muvaffak olmuştur.

Eserleri
Halıcılar'da 1628 tarihli bir çeşmesi vardır. Hırka-i Şerif mezarlığı ile Şehzadebaşı civarında iki çeşmesi de bulunmaktadır. Eyüp Camii ikinci avlusunda bulunan türbesi ve bu türbenin kıymetli çinilerle süslü duvarları 17. yy. ilk yarısının önemli sanat eserlerinden olduğu kabul edilmektedir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım , XVI. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVII. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu (Altıncı Baskı 2011 ISBN 978-975-16-0010)  say.377-378.
 Danişmend, İsmail Hâmi (1971), Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı,  İstanbul:Türkiye Yayınevi.
 Tektaş, Nazim (2002), Sadrâzamlar Osmanlı'da İkinci Adam Saltanatı, İstanbul:Çatı Yayınevi (Google books:
 Buz, Ayhan, (2009) Osmanlı Sadrazamları, İstanbul: Neden Kitap, ISBN978-975-254-278-5

Osmanlı Gürcüleri
1626 yılında ölenler
17. yüzyılda Osmanlı sadrazamları
İdam edilmiş Osmanlılar
Osmanlı Mısır valileri
İstanbul'da ölenler
İstanbul'da defnedilenler
Doğum tarihi bilinmeyenler
Osmanlı Bosna valileri

Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Paşa


Das Oamaru Harbour Board Office Building ist ein historisches Bauwerk im viktorianischen Stadtkern der neuseeländischen Stadt Oamaru in der Region .

Es wurde 1876 nach Entwürfen der Architekten Forrester & Lemon in der Harbour Street 2 in dem für den historischen Stadtkern Oamarus typischen viktorianischen Stil als Bürogebäude für Hafenverwaltung des damals bedeutenden Seehafens von Oamaru erbaut.

Am 2. Juli 1987 wurde das Gebäude vom New Zealand Historic Places Trust unter der Nummer 4381 als Denkmal der Kategorie 1 (Historic Place Category I) eingestuft.
Es ist Teil des ebenfalls unter Schutz stehenden Ensembles Harbour/Tyne Street Historic Area.

Heute ist das Gebäude Sitz des Oamaru Whitestone Civic Trust, einer Organisation, die sich der Erhaltung und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung des viktorianischen Erbes Oamarus und der aus dieser Zeit stammenden Bauwerke widmet.

Das Nachbargebäude AH Maude's Stores ist ebenfalls ein Baudenkmal.

Einzelnachweise

Historic Place der Kategorie I
Bürogebäude in Oamaru
Erbaut in den 1870er Jahren
Baudenkmal in Oamaru

Oamaru Harbour Board Office


Parun es una pequeña ciudad de Afganistán y funciona como centro administrativo de la provincia de Nuristan. Está situada a unos 180 km de Kabul.

Localidades de Afganistán

Parun


Branko Šotra (Kozice kod Stoca, 31. siječnja 1906. – Stockholm, 1960.) je bosanskohercegovački umjetnik.

Životopis
Završio  Kraljevsku umjetničku školu 1929. u Beogradu. U vrijeme studiranja povezao se sa Komunističkom partijom Jugoslavije. Učestvuje u Drugom svjetskom ratu u borbama na prostorima Hercegovine, Crne Gore, Kosova i Metohije i Srbije. Nakon rata radio je na formiranju Doma Jugoslavenske narodne armije u Beogradu, a kasnije izabran je za njegovog načelnika. U Beogradu 1948  je izabran za redovnog profesora i prvog rektora Akademije za primjenjenu umjetnost. na toj dužnosti ostaje do 1956. godine.

Bavio se slikarstvom, grafikom, primijenjenom umjetnošću i likovnom kritikom. Poznat po grafikama koje označava crno- bijeli kontrast. U počecima likovnog izražavanja radio je ulja i ikone, a drvorezom i linorezom do kraja života. Tokom četrdesetih godina, u vrijeme socijalističkog realizma, grafikama je nastojao prikazati motive i predjele iz rata. Kasnije ih zamjenjuje prikazima hercegovačkog krša, planinama, vodonošama, starcima. U vrijeme šezdesetih, ti motivi iskoračuju iz sfere realnog i prelaze u domenu apstraktnog. Tom fazom približio se najvećim jugoslavenskim grafičarima tog vremena, Đorđu Andrejeviću Kunu i Pivu Karamatijeviću.

Grafika, odnosno tehnike drvoreza i linoreza bile su medij u kojem je  uspio dočarat i prikaže svu raskošnost i nemilosrdnost prirode pa i ono što je bilo prepoznatljivo oku kao panj, pogorjela šuma – njeni strašni, jezivi, usamljeni sprženi ostaci, ogoljena bez života, ili krš, kamen, stijena – njeni gotovo morfološki prikazani slojevi postaju polako nešto neprepoznatljivo, apstraktno, asocijacija. Grafike posjeduju neobičnu atmosferu, kao da sadrže još jedan dodatni element, određen zvuk, a taj zvuk je ustvari neprekidna tišina. Neka od djela je upravo tako nazvao.

Umro je iznenada 21. 5. 1960. godine u Stockholmu. Sahranjen je u Aleji narodnih heroja na Novom groblju u Beogradu.

Priznanja

 Orden partizanske zvijezde,
 Orden zasluga za narod,
 Pukovnik JNA
 Jedna ulica u Beogradu na Čukarici nosi ime Branka Šotre.

Galerija u Stocu

Galerija Branka Šotre osnovana je u Stocu 28. srpnja 1963. . Bila je smještena u prostor Šarića kuće, koja se nalazi u gradskoj čaršiji, u centru Stoca. Šotrine grafike (ukupno 92), koje je on krajem pedesetih godina poklonio Umjetničkoj galeriji u Sarajevu, činile su stalnu postavku. Pored Šotrinih grafika, Galerija je posjedovala i jedanaest dijela različitih umjetnika.

Šarića kuća je zapaljena i uništena 26. srpnja 1993., a izložena djela su izuzeta, od strane «ratnih vlasti»č.

Izložba 2019. godine u Sarajevu
Umjetnička galerija Bosne i Hercegovine u suradnji sa SPKD "Prosvjeta" Sarajevo, priredila je 2019., izložbu retrospektivnog karaktera izložena djela Branka Šotre. Na ovoj izložbi je predstavljeno devet ulja na platnu i šperploči, koja se čuvaju u fundusu Umjetničke galerije, i jedno ulje koje se nalazi u vlasništvu Muzeja Sarajeva. To je mali broj slika koji je ostao iza Šotre. U pitanju su slike nastale tokom tridesetih godina kada je umjetnik živio u Bosni.

Početnu grupu izložbe čine crteži i grafike s motivima koje umjetnika povezuju s rodnom Hercegovinom i Stocem, to su stećci. Veliku grupu unutar izloženih crteža i grafika čine gradske vedute starog Mostara, Trebinja, Počitelja, Jajca i Stoca, sa njihovim tipičnim načinom tradicionalne gradnje. Jedna grupa grafika i crteža su prikazi poljoprivrednih radova, koje približavaju narodne običaje, obradu zemlje i života sela u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Zasebnu grupu grafike čine grafike s tematikom iz Narodnooslobodilačke borbe (NOB) nastale nakon Drugog svjetskog rata.

Uspomenu na Branka Šotra i njegovu sestru čuva i Galerija legata Milene Šotre u Muzeju Hercegovine u Trebinju. Galerija sadrži 24 Milenine umjetničke slike s motivima Hercegovine i Putopis po Rusiji te 15 grafika Branka Šotre.

Djela

 Ulica
 Motiv iz Hercegovine
 Portret Obrada Popovića, 1936. linorez
 Vaskrsenje Lazarevo, reljef, drvo
 Korjen, drvorez

Literatura
 Amra Hadžimuhamedović - Mogući pristupi obnovi historijskih gradskih područja u Bosni i Hercegovini s posebnim osvrtom na Stolac, Naslijeđe i identitet, Sarajevo, 1997.

Izvori

Bosanskohercegovački slikari

Branko Šotra


An Cyathochaeta stipoides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Karen Louise Wilson. An Cyathochaeta stipoides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyathochaeta, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cyathochaeta

Cyathochaeta stipoides


BIG6 European Football League je svoje peto izdanje imala 2018. godine.  Za razliku od prošlh sezona, u ovoj sezoni nastupju četiri kluba iz Francuske, Nozozemske i Njemačke.
Klubovi su igrali po dvije utakmice, a dva najuspješnija kluba su potom igrali završni susret - Eurobowl kojeg je osvojio "Braunschweig New Yorker Lions".

Sudionici
  La Courneuve Flash - La Courneuve
  Amsterdam Crusaders - Amsterdam
  Braunschweig New Yorker Lions - Braunschweig
  Frankfurt Samsung Universe - Frankfurt na Majni

Rezultati i ljestvica

Ligaški dio

Eurobowl

Poveznice
 BIG6 European Football League
 Eurobowl
 European Football League
 bigsix.eu
 eurobowl.info

Izvori
 eurobowl.info, BIG6 EFL 2018., rezultati , pristupljeno 30. srpnja 2018.
 eurobowl.info, BIG6 EFL 2018., ljestvica , pristupljeno 30. srpnja 2018.
 eurobowl.info, BIG6 EFL 2018., sudionici , pristupljeno 30. srpnja 2018.
 football-aktuell.de, BIG6 EFL 2018., pristupljeno 30. srpnja 2018.

2018

BIG6 European Football League 2018.


The Cambridge History of China ist eine seit 1978 im Erscheinen begriffene Buchreihe der Cambridge University Press (CUP) zur älteren und neueren Geschichte Chinas. Sie wurde als die "größte und umfassendste Geschichte Chinas in englischer Sprache" bezeichnet.

Die Serie wurde ursprünglich von dem britischen Historiker Denis C. Twitchett und dem amerikanischen Historiker John K. Fairbank in den späten 1960er Jahren konzipiert, die Veröffentlichung begann 1978. Der zweite Band soll im November 2019 veröffentlicht werden. Die vollständige Geschichte soll fünfzehn Bände umfassen, einige Bände bestehen aus zwei Teilen. Eine chinesische Übersetzung der Bücher ist ebenfalls verfügbar.

Ein 1999 veröffentlichter separater Band, The Cambridge History of Ancient China von Michael Loewe und Edward L. Shaughnessy, ergänzt die Reihe, indem er die Zeit vor der Kaiserzeit abdeckt.

Übersicht
Die einzelnen Bände der Reihe sind:
 The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC–AD 220 (herausgegeben von Twitchett und Michael Loewe), Cambridge 1986, ISBN 978-0-521-24327-8. (Qin-Dynastie und Han-Dynastie)
 The Six Dynasties, 220–589 (herausgegeben von Albert E. Dien und Keith N. Knapp). Cambridge 2019.
 Sui and T'ang China, 589–906 AD, Part 1 (herausgegeben von Twitchett),  Cambridge 1979, ISBN 978-0-521-21446-9 (Sui-Dynastie und Tang-Dynastie);
 Sui and T'ang China, 589–906 AD, Part 2 (unveröffentlicht).
 Volume 5, The Sung Dynasty and its Precursors, 907–1279, Part 1 (herausgegeben von Twitchett und Paul Jakov Smith), Cambridge 2009, ISBN 978-0-521-81248-1; Volume 5, The Five Dynasties and Sung China, 960–1279 AD, Part 2. Cambridge 2015.
 Alien Regimes and Border States, 910–1368 (herausgegeben von Twitchett und Herbert Franke), Cambridge 1995, ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5. (Nördliche Staaten der Chitan, Jurchen und Mongolen)
 The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1 (herausgegeben von Frederick W. Mote und Twitchett), Cambridge 1988, ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. (Ming-Dynastie)
 The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 2 (herausgegeben von Twitchett und Frederick W. Mote), Cambridge 1998, ISBN 978-0-521-24333-9.
 The Ch'ing Empire to 1800, Part 1 (herausgegeben von Willard J. Peterson), Cambridge 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-24334-6. (Qing-Dynastie der Zeit von Nurhaci bis Qianlong); The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800, Part 2. Cambridge 2016.
 Late Ch'ing 1800–1911, Part 1 (herausgegeben von John K. Fairbank), Cambridge 1978, ISBN 978-0-521-21447-6. (Die letzten 111 Jahre der Mandschu-Herrschaft)
 Late Ch'ing 1800–1911, Part 2 (herausgegeben von John K. Fairbank und Kwang-Ching Liu), Cambridge 1980, ISBN 978-0-521-22029-3.
 Republican China, 1912–1949, Part 1 (herausgegeben von John K. Fairbank und Twitchett), Cambridge 1983, ISBN 978-0-521-23541-9.
 Republican China, 1912–1949, Part 2 (herausgegeben von John K. Fairbank und Albert Feuerwerker), Cambridge 1986, ISBN 978-0-521-24338-4.
 The People's Republic, Part 1: Emergence of Revolutionary China, 1949–1965 (herausgegeben von Roderick MacFarquhar and John K. Fairbank), Cambridge 1987, ISBN 978-0-521-24336-0.
 The People's Republic, Part 2: Revolutions Within the Chinese Revolution, 1966–1982 (herausgegeben von Roderick MacFarquhar und John K. Fairbank), Cambridge 1992, ISBN 978-0-521-24337-7.

Anmerkungen

Buchreihe
Gesamtdarstellung (Geschichte)
Sinologische Publikation

The Cambridge History of China


Lactarius sanguifluus (Jean-Jacques Paulet, 1793 ex Elias Magnus Fries, 1838) din încrengătura Basidiomycota,  în familia Russulaceae și de genul Lactarius, este o specie de ciuperci comestibile, numită în popor râșcov de pin sau râșcov sângerând. Acest burete coabitează, fiind un simbiont micoriza (formează micorize pe rădăcinile arborilor). În România, Basarabia și Bucovina de Nord crește în zone mai călduroase, pe sol calcaros, aproape numai sub pini. Apare de la câmpie la deal din (iunie) iulie până în octombrie. Nu se dezvoltă în regiuni montane.

Taxonomie

Specia a fost descrisă pentru prima dată sub denumirea Hypophyllum sanguifluum de micologul francez Jean-Jacques Paulet în volumul 2 al operei sale Traité des champignons din 1793.<ref> Jean-Jacques Paulet: "Traité des champignons, vol. 2, Editura Imprimerie royale puis nationale, Paris 1793, p. 186, tab. 81</ref> Apoi, în 1838, renumitul savant suedez Elias Magnus Fries a transferat soiul la genul Lactarius sub păstrarea epitetului, de verificat în cartea sa Epicrisis systematis mycologici, seu synopsis hymenomycetum. Acest taxon este valabil până în prezent (2019).

Toate celelalte încercări de redenumire nu sunt folosite și pot fi negajate.

Epitetul specific este derivat din cuvintele latine (=sânge) și (=curgând).

 Descriere

 Pălăria: are un diametru de 5-10 (12) cm, este la început convexă cu marginea netedă, răsfrântă pentru timp lung spre interior, apoi se aplatizează, fiind în mijloc adâncită, la bătrânețe chiar în formă de pâlnie, dar nu prezintă niciodată un gurgui. Cuticula netedă este uscată și mată, devenind la vreme umedă lipicioasă și unsuroasă. Nu arată cercuri zonare pe suprafață. Coloritul este  murdar portocaliu cu nuanțe de roșu de vin. În vârstă este adesea pătată verzui.
 Lamelele: subțiri și nu prea înalte, bifurcate și cu  multe lameluțe intercalate precum puțin decurente de-a lungul piciorului stau foarte dens. Muchiile sunt netede și sterile. Coloritul este ocru palid până ocru-portocaliu, în vârsta și după o depozitare de peste o oră slab brun-roșiatici.
 Piciorul: are o înălțime de 3,5-7 cm și o lățime de 1,5-2,5 cm, fiind cilindric, subțiat spre bază, mai întâi plin, apoi împăiat, vatos, în sfârșit gol pe dinăuntru. Substratul suprafeței este de culoarea vinului, învelit de o brumă groasă și albicioasă, fiind nu rar pătat apos precum presărat cu puține gropițe mici, ale căror fund este de un roșu închis. Tija înroșește de asemenea după o leziune.
 Carnea: este compactă dar fragedă, în interior palid-bej până crem-gălbui, în vârstă cu nuanțe mai maronii. Când este ruptă, emană un suc roșu ca vinul sau sângele. Buretele are un miros  de ciuperci precum slab fructuos și un gust plăcut, câteodată ușor amărui.
 Laptele: este destul de rar, roșu închis ca sângele care devine după ceva timp (15-20 minute) verde. Poate să fie ușor amărui. Sucul se pierde la bătrânețe.
 Caracteristici microscopice: are spori rotunjori până ușor elipsoidali, hialini (translucizi), reticulați, crestați, pe alocuri cu verici mici, având o mărime de 8–10 x 7–8 microni. Coloritul pulberii lor este de un gălbui palid, aproape albicios. Basidiile destul de bulboase în formă de măciucă poartă 4-6 sterigme fiecare și măsoară 50–73 × 10–12 microni. Pleuro-cistidele mai multe sau mai puține la baza lamelelor sunt ascuțit fusiforme cu o dimensiune de 47–55 x 7–8 microni, iar cheilo-cistidele numeroase la muchii sunt și ele fusiforme, dar mai mici, având o mărime de 23–40 x 5–6 microni.Fred Kränzlin: "Pilze der Schweiz", vol. 6 – Russulaceae, Editura "Verlag Mykologia", Lucerna 2005, p. 102, ISBN 3-85604-060-9
 Reacții chimice: Carnea buretelui se colorează cu anilină mai întâi galben de sulf, apoi auriu, cu hidroxid de potasiu se decolorează imediat, dar capătă după scurt timp nuanțe deschis ocru-măslinii. Cistidele devin albastru-negricioase la adăugare de .

 Confuzii
Există aproximativ zece specii de Lactarius care emită un lapte portocaliu sau roșu. Ele sunt cu toate comestibile, dar mai mult sau mai puțin gustoase. Râșcovul sângerând poate fi ușor confundat cu alte soiuri ale acestui gen, ca de exemplu cu Lactarius deliciosus, Lactarius deterrimus, Lactarius quieticolor, Lactarius rubrilacteus, Lactarius salmonicolor sau Lactarius semisanguifluus. Se interzice de sine confundarea cu specii de Lactarius cu suc alb sau galben. Totuși se găsesc consumători ai ciupercii cu lapte alb Lactarius torminosus care este otrăvitoare și crește numai sub mesteacăn.

 Specii asemănătoare în imagini

 Valorificare

Ca toți râșcovii, nu se potrivește la ciulama, sau sosuri, dar la salată (cu castraveți murați, ceapă și capere) sau cu fasole albe. Cel mai bine place fript în tigaie în unt sau la grătar, cu sau fără slănină și usturoi, servindu-l cu garnitură de smântână, lămâie și pâine albă. De asemenea, el poate fi murat în oțet precum conservat cu sare. Cu preferință ar trebui să fie aleși bureți tineri.Joachim Richter: "Dr. Oetker Pilz-Kochbuch", Editura Ceres, Bielefeld 1983, p. 86-89Lactarius sanguifluus'' se aplică drept o ciupercă medicinală în medicina naturală sau în medicina tradițională chineză și japoneză. Au fost descoperiți agenți cu proprietăți antivirale, antioxidante, anticanceroase și antibiotice. În plus, buretele are un conținut ridicat de vitamine și minerale. Astfel de exemplu conține un amestec de sterol. Sterolul predominant este ergosterolul, provitamină a  vitaminei D 2, (56,6% din totalul sterolilor), cu cantități mai mici din derivatele ergosterolului, inclusiv ergost-7-en-3β-ol, dien-3pol și ergosta-5,7-dien-3pol.

Nu vă temeți de urina roșie ca sângele excretată după consum. Colorantul conținut de acest râșcov rămâne în urină până a doua zi, dar este complet inofensiv și ne amintește de consumul de prea multă sfeclă roșie, unde această colorare apare de asemenea în urină și scaun.

Buretele este adesea infestat de ciuperca parazitară Hypomyces lateritius sin. Peckiella lateritia, devenind atunci otrăvitor.

Note

Bibliografie
 Bruno Cetto: "I funghi dal vero", vol. 1-7, Editura Arte Grafiche Saturnia, Trento 1976-1993, ISBN 88-85013-57-0
 Rose Marie Dähncke: "1200 Pilze in Farbfotos", Editura AT Verlag, Aarau 2004, ISBN 3-8289-1619-8
 Ewald Gerhard: "Der große BLV Pilzführer" (cu 1200 de specii descrise și 1000 fotografii), Editura BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, ediția a 9-a, München 2018, ISBN 978-3-8354-1839-4
 Jean-Louis Lamaison & Jean-Marie Polese: "Der große Pilzatlas", Editura Tandem Verlag GmbH, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-8427-0483-1
 J. E. și M. Lange: "BLV Bestimmungsbuch - Pilze", Editura BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Berna Viena 1977, ISBN 3-405-11568-2
 Hans E. Laux: "Der große Pilzführer, Editura Kosmos, Halberstadt 2001, ISBN 978-3-440-14530-2
 Gustav Lindau: "Kryptogamenflora für Anfänger: Eine Einführung in das Studium der blütenlosen Gewächse für Studierende und Liebhaber", vol. 2, Editura Julius Springer, Berlin 1922
 Till E. Lohmeyer & Ute Künkele: "Pilze – bestimmen und sammeln", Editura Parragon Books Ltd., Bath 2014, ISBN 978-1-4454-8404-4
 Meinhard Michael Moser: " Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze - Kleine Kryptogamenflora Mitteleuropas", ediția a 5-ea, vol. 2, Editura Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart 1983

Legături externe

 Lactarius sanguifluus, film în limba franceză cu subtext englez
 Lactarius sanguifluus infestat de Hypomyces lateritius, film în limba franceză

Lactarius
Micoriză
Ciuperci comestibile
1793 în știință

Lactarius sanguifluus


الملعب الأولمبي بميونخ  هو ملعب رياضي يقع في مدينة ميونخ. تم افتتاحه رسمياً في 26 مايو 1972، وهو من تصميم المعماري الألماني فراي أوتو. كان هذا الملعب هو المقر الرئيسي للألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية عام 1972، وأيضا نهائيات كأس العالم التي جرت عام 1974، وكأس الأمم الأوروبية لكرة القدم عام 1988. كما جرت على هذا الملعب نهائيات دوري أبطال أوروبا لثلاث مرات متتالية.

في عام 1979 فاز نادي نوتنغهام فورست على مالمو إف إف، عام 1993 فاز نادي مارسيليا على منافسه إيه سي ميلان، وفي عام 1997 بوروسيا دورتموند على يوفنتوس.

كان هذا الملعب منذ عام 1972 إلى غاية عام 2005 الملعب الرئيسي لنادي بايرن ميونخ وميونخ 1860

مباريات المنتخب الألماني على الملعب الأولمبي

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي
 Olympic Stadium review by a+t architecture publishers

بايرن ميونخ
تأسيسات سنة 1972
تأسيسات سنة 1972 في ألمانيا الغربية
صناديق تصفح منافسات اليويفا
عمارة فائقة التكنولوجيا
مبان وآثار تاريخية مسجلة في بافاريا
ملاعب ألعاب القوى (المضمار والميدان) في ألمانيا
ملاعب ألعاب قوى أولمبية
ملاعب أولمبية
ملاعب أولمبية للخماسي الحديث
ملاعب أولمبية للفروسية
ملاعب اتحاد الرغبي في ألمانيا
ملاعب الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1972
ملاعب بطولة أمم أوروبا 1988
ملاعب رياضية في ميونخ
ملاعب رياضة اكتملت في 1972
ملاعب كأس العالم 1974
ملاعب كرة قدم أمريكية في ألمانيا
ملاعب كرة قدم أولمبية
ملاعب كرة قدم بائدة في ألمانيا
ملاعب كرة قدم في ألمانيا
ملاعب نهائيات دوري أبطال أوروبا
مواقع جذب سياحي في ميونخ
ميونخ 1860
ملاعب كرة القدم في ميونخ

الملعب الأولمبي (ميونخ)


A number of works of literature have been claimed to be the first novel in English.

List of candidates
 Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur (a.k.a. Le Morte Darthur), (written c. 1470, published 1485)
 William Baldwin, Beware the Cat, (written 1553, published 1570, 1584)
 John Lyly, Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit (1578) and Euphues and his England (1580)
 Philip Sidney, The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia (a.k.a. Arcadia) (1581)
 Margaret Cavendish, The Description of a New World, Called The Blazing-World,  (a.k.a. The Blazing World) (1666)
 John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress from This World, to That Which Is to Come  (1678)
 Aphra Behn, Oroonoko: or, the Royal Slave (1688)
Anonymous, Vertue Rewarded (1693)
 Daniel Defoe, The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by Pyrates (a.k.a. Robinson Crusoe) (1719)  and The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (also 1719)
 Daniel Defoe, The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders Who was born in Newgate, and during a life of continu'd Variety for Threescore Years, besides her Childhood, was Twelve Years a Whore, five times a Wife (whereof once to her brother) Twelve Years a Thief, Eight Years a Transported Felon in Virginia, at last grew Rich, liv'd Honest and died a Penitent (a.k.a. Moll Flanders) (1722)
 Samuel Richardson,  Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740)

Other relevant works
The following are other early long works of prose fiction in English not generally considered novels:

 William Caxton's 1483 translation of Geoffroy de la Tour Landry, The Book of the Knight of the Tower (originally in French)
 Martin Marprelate, an anonymous pseudonym authoring a collection of eight illegal, serialized narratives: "Epistle," "Epitome," "Hay Any Work," "Metaphysical School-points," "Theses Martinianae," "Just Censure," "More Work for Cooper," and "The Protestation" (1588-1589)
 Thomas Nashe, The Unfortunate Traveller, or The Life of Jack Wilton (1594)
 Jonathan Swift, A Tale of a Tub (1704)
 Daniel Defoe, The Consolidator (1705)
 Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels, or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships (a.k.a. Gulliver's Travels) (1726)

Differing definitions of novel
There are multiple candidates for first novel in English partly because of ignorance of earlier works, but largely because the term novel can be defined so as to exclude earlier candidates. (The article for novel contains detailed information on the history of the terms "novel" and "romance" and the bodies of texts they defined in a historical perspective.)

Length
 Critics typically require a novel to have a certain length. This would exclude Oroonoko, arguably a novella.

Content and intent
 Critics typically require a novel to be wholly original and so exclude retellings such as Le Morte d'Arthur.
 Critics typically make a distinction between collections of short stories, even those sharing common themes and settings, and novels per se, which typically has a single protagonist and narrative throughout. This might also lead to the exclusion of Le Morte d'Arthur.
 Critics typically distinguish between the romance, which has a heroic protagonist and fantastic elements, and the novel, which attempts to present a realistic story. This would, yet again, exclude Le Morte d'Arthur.
 Critics typically distinguish between the allegory (in which characters and events have political, religious or other meanings) and the novel, in which characters and events stand only for themselves, and so exclude The Pilgrim's Progress and A Tale of a Tub.
 Critics typically distinguish between the picaresque, made up of a connected sequence of episodes, and the novel, which has unity of structure, and so exclude The Unfortunate Traveller.

Owing to the influence of Ian Watt's seminal study in literary sociology, The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding (1957), Watt's candidate, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), gained wide acceptance.

See also
List of first novels by language
:Category:Novels by date for earlier claimants in English and other languages.

References

External links
Historical texts relating to Beware the Cat by William Baldwin

Early Modern English literature

List of claimed first novels in English


Poasi Mataele Tei, né le , est un homme politique tongien.

Biographie
Titulaire d'un diplôme de licence d'économie-gestion puis d'un master universitaire en administration d'entreprises de l'université du Pacifique Sud, il travaille comme statisticien pour le gouvernement de 1991 à 1993, puis dans la gestion de diverses entreprises publiques ou privées.

Il entre à l'Assemblée législative des Tonga comme député indépendant de la circonscription de Tongatapu 6 aux élections législatives de novembre 2014 et est nommé ministre des Entreprises publiques dans le gouvernement d'ʻAkilisi Pohiva. En septembre 2017, il se voit confier le grand ministère de la Météorologie, de l'Énergie, de l'Information, de la Gestion des catastrophes naturelles, de l'Environnement, des Communications, et du Réchauffement climatique. À la mort du Premier ministre en 2019, il conserve ce poste dans le gouvernement Tuʻiʻonetoa.

Il est reconduit à cette même fonction dans le gouvernement de Siaosi Sovaleni après les élections de 2021, et devient dans le même temps vice-Premier ministre. Le , toutefois, sa réélection comme député en 2021 est cassée par la Cour suprême, qui le reconnaît coupable de corruption électorale. Il perd de ce fait son ministère également. La même sentence est appliquée au ministre des Finances  et au ministre de l'Intérieur , pour la même raison. L'expulsion des trois hommes du Parlement est effective le 10 août 2022, après la confirmation en appel de leur condamnation.

Références

Personnalité politique tongienne
Naissance en octobre 1967
Étudiant de l'université du Pacifique Sud
Vice-Premier ministre des Tonga
Ministre tongien de l'Énergie
Ministre tongien de l'Environnement
Personnalité politique condamnée pour corruption

Poasi Tei


Söğütbülbülü (Phylloscopus trochilus), ötleğengiller (Sylviidae) familyasından orman kenarlarıda, çalılıklarda ve parklarda yaygın olan ince ve yeşilimsi bir kuş türü.

Özellikleri
Tipik olarak açık renk bacaklı, oldukça düz kafalı, uzun kanatlı bir kuştur ve kendine özgü, tatlı ve kalınlaşan notaların akıcı serisinden oluşan bir ötüşü vardır.

Üst tarafı açık grimsi-yeşilden zeytin yeşili-yeşile kadar değişir. Gözünün üzerinde açık renkli bir çizgi bulunur, bu çizgi gencinde daha uzun ve daha sarıdır. Açık renk göz halkası, çıvgının aksine çok net görünmez. Alt tarafı beyazımsı, göğsü açık sarı, gencinin alt tarafı tamamen daha parlak sarıdır. Bacakları açık kahverengidir, nadiren koyu olabilir. Primer projeksiyonu çıvgınınkinden biraz daha uzundur.

Kuzeybatı Avrupa kuşları ya daha gri ya da daha kahverengidirler, yeşil renkli kuşlar daha azdır. Beslenirken kuyruğunu çıvgın gibi yere doğru eğmez.

Ötüşü

Sesi tek heceli tatlı bir 'huu-iit'. Ötüşü çok açık ve basit ritimlidir, sakin başlar, hızlanır daha sonra kuvvetlenir, azalır ve gösterişli bir biçimde sonlanır.

Dış bağlantılar

Çıvgın
Kuzey Afrika kuşları
Türkiye'deki kuşlar
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Söğütbülbülü


1815 දී ඇති වූ යුද්ධයට කෙළින්ම තුඩු දුන් සිදුවීම් පෙළ ආරම්භ වූයේ ඇහැළේපොලට සිදු වූ නින්දාව සමගිණි. ඇහැළේපොල පිළිමතලාවේගේ බෑනා මෙන්ම පළමු අගමැති ලෙස පත් වූ තැනැත්තාය. 1810 දී ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ රාජ්‍ය ප්‍රාප්තියට පත් වූ දා පටන් ඇහැළේපොළ ඔහුට එරෙහිව කුමන්ත්‍රණ කීපයක් කළේය. ඒ වන විට රජතුමා බොහෝ සෙයින් ජනතාවගේ අප්‍රසාදයට පත් වී සිටියේය. 1814 දී ඇහැළේපොළගේ ක්‍රියාකාරකම් හෙළි වූ අතර ඔහු බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් වෙතට පලා ගියේය. කෝපයෙන් වියරු වූ රජතුමා ඇහැළේපොළ පවුලේ සාමාජිකයින් විවිධ දරුණු ක්‍රම යොදා මරණයට පත් කළ්ය. මෙම ඝාතණ නිසා මහනුවර ජනතාව අතිශයින් කම්පාවට පත් වී රජුට එරෙහිව කැරළි ගැසූහ. රජු මාළිගය අතහැර හඟුරන්කෙත බල‍කොටුවට පලා ගියේය.

මේ අතර ජෝන් ඩොයිලි ආණ්ඩුකාර බ්‍රවුන්රිග්ට උපදෙස් දෙමින් සිටියේය. ඔහු කියා සිටියේ ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ රජු බලයෙන් පහ කිරීමට බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් කිසියම් උත්සාහයක් ගන්නේ නම් උඩරට රදළවරුන් උදව් කිරීමට සූදානමින් සිටින බවයි. උඩරට හමුදාව ඇහැළේපොල අල්ලා ගැනීමේ බලාපොරොත්තුවෙන් උඩරට - බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය දේශ සීමාව තරණය කොට ගොස් සීතාවක බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය මුර පොළට පහර දුන්හ. මෙම සිද්ධිය බ්‍රවුන්රිග්ට උඩරටට ඔහුගේ හමුදාවක් යැවීමට සෑහෙන කුපිත කිරීමක් වූයේය. තත්වය වඩාත් නරක අතට හැරුණේ ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ රජු විසින් උඩරටට පැමිණි බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය වෙළඳ පිරිසකගේ අත් පා සිඳිනු ලැබීම හේතුවෙනි. මෙය සිදු වූයේ හඟුරන්කෙතදී ය. බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය හමුදා සුළු විරෝධතා කීපයකට මුහුණ දෙමින් 1815 පෙබරවාරි 10 වෙනි දින සෙංකඩගලට ඇතුළු වූහ. ජෝන් ඩොයිලි ද මීට එක් වී සිටියේය. "ප්‍රධානීන්ගේ ආරාධනාවෙන් සහ ජනතාව විසින් ඉතා ගෞරවයෙන් පිළිගනු ලැබ රාජකීය හමුදාව මහනුවරට ඇතුළු වූහ. දෙවියන් ඔවුන්ගේ උත්සාහයට ආශීර්වාද කර ඇත්තේ සම්පූර්ණ ජයග්‍රහණය ලබාදීමෙනි. අභ්‍යන්තර පළාත්වල පාලකයා ඔවුන් අතට පත් වී ඇත. රජය බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය රජුගේ නියෝජිතයින්ට මනාපයක් කර ගැනීමට ඉඩ දී ඇත." යනුවෙන් බ්‍රවුන්රිග් ආණ්ඩුකාරයා නාවුක හමුදා පාලක මණ්ඩලයට දන්වා සිටියේය. ටික දිනකට පසු ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ රජු සැඟවී සිටි ස්ථානය හෙළිදරව් විය. බලයෙන් පහ කෙරුණු රජු ඔහුගේ අන්ත:පුර ස්ත්‍රීන් සමග ඉන්දියාවේ වෙල්ලෝර් වෙත පිටුවහල් කරනු ලැබීය. අවුරුදු 17 කට පසු එහිදී ඔහු මළේය. ඔහුගේ පුතා, ඊළඟ රාජ්‍ය උරුමය ලැබිය යුතු පුද්ගලයා, දරුවෙකු නොමැතිව 1842 දී මරණයට පත් විය.

බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් සෙංකඩගලට පැමිණීමෙන් පසු සිදු වූ වැදගත් සිද්ධිය නම් උඩරට ගිවිසුම අත්සන් කිරීමයි. එය 1815 මාර්තු මාසයේදී ජෝන් ඩොයිලි සහ උඩරට රදළවරු අතර සාකච්ඡාවලින් පසු එකඟ වූ ඉඳූරාම උඩරට යා කර ගැනීමේ ගිවිසුම විය.එම ගිවිසුමේ අඩංගු ප්‍රධාන කරුණු වූයේ.

	1. 	ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ නම් මලබාර් රජුට උඩරට සිහසුනට තිබෙන සියලු අයිතිවාසිකම් අහිමි වීම.

	2. 	රජු යුද්ධයෙන් පරාජය වී සිහසුනෙන් පහ කර ඇති බැවින් ඔහුගේ රජ පෙළපතට උරුමය අවලංගු කොට ශූන්‍ය කරන ලදී.

	3. 	ඔහුගේ සියලුම පිරිමි නෑදැයින් රටින් පිටුවහල් කළ යුතුය.

	4. 	බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යයට අයත් ස්වරාජ්‍යයක් ලෙස පාලනය යටත් විජිත ආණ්ඩුකාරවරුන් විසින් ගෙන යා යුතුය. මෙහිදී අධිකාරම්වරු, දිසාවේ, මොහොට්ටාල, කෝරළේ, විදානේ සහ අනෙකුත් පහළ නිලධාරීන්ගේ බලතල හා ප්‍රසාද ඔවුනට එසේම තිබිය යුතුය.

	5. 	බුද්ධාගම නොකෙළෙසිය යුතුය. එහි අයිතිය පවත්වාගත යුතු මෙන්ම ආරක්ෂා කළ යුතුය.
	6. 	ශාරීරිකවද බන්ධන පැනවීම සහ අංග ඡේදන නොකළ යුතුය.

	7. 	මරණ දඬුවම පැමිණ වීම නියම කළ හැක්කේ ආණ්ඩුකාරයාට පමණි. අනෙකුත් ප්‍රධාන දඬුවම් රජයේ නියෝජිතයෙකු ඉදිරිපිටදී පමණක් විය  යුතුය.

	8. 	සියලු සිවිල් සහ අපරාධ නඩු විමසීම උඩරැටියන් සම්බන්ධයෙන් දැනට පවත්නා නියමයන් 	යටතේ සිදු විය යුතුය. අවශ්‍යතැන්වලදී අවශ්‍ය විටෙක ඊට මැදිහත් වීමේ බලය ආණ්ඩුව වෙත තිබිය යුතුය.

	9. 	උඩරට නොවන අනෙකුත් අය සඳහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය නීතිය බලපැවැත්විය යුතුය.

	10. 	තුන් කෝරළයේ සහ හතර කෝරළයේ සහ සබරගමුව යාකර ගැනීමේ ප්‍රකාශය අවලංගු වේ.

	11. 	එංගලන්තයේ රජු සහ දිවයිනේ අභ්‍යන්තර ආයතනවල පැවැත්ම සඳහා බදු සහ ආදායම් එකතු කළ යුතුය.

	12. 	වෙළඳාම් සහ වාණිජ කටයුතුවලට පහසුකම් සැපයීම  කළ හැක්කේ රජයට පමණි.

ගිවිසුම අත්සන් තබන ලද අය නම් ආණ්ඩුකාර බ්‍රවුන්රිග්, ඇහැළේපොල සහ දිසාවේවරු වන මොල්ලිගොඩ, වැඩිමහල් පිළිමතලාවේ, බාල පිළිමතලාවේ, මොණරවිල, බාල මොල්ලිගොඩ, දුල්ලෑව, රත්වත්තේ, මිල්ලෑව, ගල්ගම සහ ගලේගොඩ යන අයයි. අත්සන් සඳහා සාක්ෂීන් වූයේ ඩොයිලි, සහ ඔහුගේ පෞද්ගලික ලේකම් ජේම්ස් සදර්ලන්ඩ් යන දෙදෙනාය. ජෝන් ඩොයිලි පසුව ප්‍රදේශයේ නේවාසික ආණ්ඩුකාරයා විය.

ගිවිසුම කීප ආකාරයකින් වැදගත් විය. ස්වේච්ඡාවෙන් පාලන බලය බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයට පවරා දුන් ආකාරයක් පෙන්ණුම් කළේය. පසු කලෙක සිදු වූ සිදුවීම්වලින් ඒත්තු ගියේ තමන් එක නරක පාලකයෙක් ඉවත් කර තවත් නරක පාලකයෙක් පත් කර ගත්තා නොවේද යනුවෙනි. ඇහැළේපොල සිතා සිටියේ නව නායකයා විය යුත්තේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් නොව තමා බවයි.

රදළවරු සහ ආගමික නායකයන් බුද්ධා‍ගමේ ආරක්ෂාව සම්බන්ධයෙන් වූ ගිවිසුමේ 5 වැනි වගන්තිය සම්බන්ධයෙන් දැඩි අදහසක් දැරූහ. 1815 වසරේ අග භාගයේ මල්වතු අස්ගිරි මහ නා හිමිවරු ආණ්ඩුකාර බ්‍රවුන්රිග් හමු වී බුද්ධාගම සහ පැවැත්ම සම්බන්ධයෙන් පොරොන්දුවක් ලබා ගත්හ. අන්‍යාගමට හැරවීම සහ මිෂනාරී පාසැල් ඒ නිසා තහනම් කෙරිණි.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandian_Wars#The_Second_Kandyan_War_.26_the_Kandyan_Convention.2C_1815

දෙවැනි උඩරට යුද්ධය සහ උඩරට ගිවිසුම


සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේඪියක සංරචකයන්ගේ ඓක්‍යය සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණියක් නම් වේ.

සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණියක අගය ගණනය කිරීම

n පද සංඛ්‍යාවක් ඇති පොදු අන්තරය  d මගින් දෙනු ලබන a, a2 ,….., an සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණියක ඓක්‍යය පහත ප්‍රකාශනයෙන් ලබාගත හැක.

ශ්‍රේණියේ පලමු සහ අවසාන පදයන්ගේ ඓක්‍ය දෙවැනි පදයේ සහ අවසාන පදයට පෙර පදයේ ඓක්‍යයට සමවන බවත් ඉතිරි පද සදහාද මෙම කරුණ සත්‍ය වන බවත් තවද දල වශයෙන් ශ්‍රෙණියේ මෙවන් යුගල n/2 පවතින බවත් වටහාගත් කල ඉහත ප්‍රකාශනය සත්‍ය බව සහජයෙන්ම වටහා ගත හැක. මෙම සුත්‍රයේ එක් ආකාරයක් ෆිබොනාච්චි ලෙස ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත්ව ඇති පීසා හි ලියනාඩෝගේ 'Liber Abaci' (1202 – පරිච්ජේද  II,12)  හි අන්තර්ගතය වේ. මේ පිලිබඳ බොහෝ විට කියැවෙන කතාවක් නම් කාල් ෆ්‍රේඩ්රික්ගේ ගෝස් සියුගේ තුන්වැනි ශ්‍රේණියේදී මෙය නැවත සොයාගත් බවය එහිදී සිය ගුරුවරය‍ා වු ජේ.ජී. බියුට්නර් මුල් සංඛ්‍යා 100 ඓක්‍යය පන්තියෙන් ඇසූවිට ගුරුවරයාගේ සහ ඔහුගේ සහායක මාටින් බාටෙල්ස් විමතියට පත් කරමින් කාල් ෆෙඩ්රික් ගවුස්  ක්ෂණිකව නිවැරදි පිලිතුර (5050) ගණනය කලේය. ඒ අනුව 1 සිට 100 දක්වා 1 + 100 = 2 + 99 ............ = 50 + 51 ලෙස එකම ඓක්‍යය ඇති යුගල 50 ක් පවතින අතර එබැවින් ඒවායේ මුළු එකතුව 101 x 50 එනම් 5050 ට සමවේ.

සලකන ශ්‍රේණියේ පද සංඛ්‍යා ඔත්තේ වු විට ඉහත ක්‍රමය යොදා ගැනීමේ ඇති අපැහැදිලි බව මධ්‍යන්‍ය ක්‍රමයට සීතිම මගින් මගහරවා ගත හැක. ඒ අනුව සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණියක අගය එහි පදයන්ගේ මධ්‍යන්‍යනයේත් පද සංඛ්‍යාවේත් ගුණිතයට සමාන වේ. ශ්‍රේණියේ පදවල මධ්‍යන්‍ය   ට සම විය යුතු යුතු වේ. ඊට හේතුව ශ්‍රේණියේ සංඛ්‍යා තාත්වික සංඛ්‍යා රේඛාව මත ඉහත අගය දෙපසින් සමානව විසිරී තිබීමයි. තවද ශ්‍රේණියේ පද අතර ඇත්තේ පොදු අන්තරයක් වීමද මේ සඳහා හේතු වේ. මෙය තවත් ක්‍රමයකට ප්‍රකාශ කල හැක. නියතයක් වන අතර එය  ට සමාන වේ. මෙය ශ්‍රේණියේ ප්‍රතිවිරුද්ධ පැතිවලින් අනුපිළිවෙලින් පදයන් ලබාගෙන තනන යුගලයන්ගේ මධ්‍යන්‍යය එකම නියත අගයක් වේය යන කරුණ හා අනුරූප වන අතර, තවද ඒ අනුව එම මධ්‍යන්‍යය ශ්‍රේණියේ සියළුම පදවල මධ්‍යන්‍යය ද වේ.

සූත්‍රය සාධනය

සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණි‍ය විධි දෙකකට ප්‍රකාශ කරන්න.

සමීකරණ යුගලෙහි දෙපසෙහිම ඓක්‍යය ලබා ගන්න, d ඇතුළත් සියළු පද ඉවත්ව යයි.
ඒ අනුව,

  යන ප්‍රකාශනය ඉතිරි වේ.
 බව සිහියට නඟා ගැනීමෙන් ද, නැවත සකස් කිරීමෙන් ද අපට පහත ප්‍රතිඵල ලැබේ.

සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණි සහ සිග්මා අංකනය
සාමාන්‍යයෙන් සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණි  සිග්මා අංකනය ඇසුරෙන් ප්‍රකාශ කරනු ලැබේ. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස,

 යන සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණිය

සිග්මා අංකනය භාවිතයෙන් පහත පරිදි වඩාත් කෙටියෙන් ලිවිය හැකිය

එසේම,

 යන සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණියක්

පහත පරිදි ලිවිය හැක

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_progression#Sum_.28arithmetic_series.29

 ගණිතය

ශ්‍රේණි

සමාන්තර ශ්‍රේණියක ඓක්‍යය


Jennifer Patricia Morris   (born 29 September 1956) is a New Zealand-Australian singer-songwriter. Her first success came with New Zealand band The Crocodiles, who had a top 20 hit single with "Tears". Re-locating to Sydney in February 1981, she was a backing vocalist for various groups and formed a trio, QED, in 1983.

Morris provided backing vocals for INXS on their 1984 album, The Swing. She then recorded a duet with lead singer, Michael Hutchence, on a cover of Nancy Sinatra and Lee Hazlewood's hit "Jackson"; it was included as a bonus track on the March 1985 (cassette only) INXS EP, Dekadance, which reached number two on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart. Morris worked on their 1985–1986 Listen Like Thieves World Tour.

Her solo career includes top five Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Albums with Shiver in 1989 and Honeychild in 1991, and her top five ARIA Singles are "She Has to Be Loved" and "Break in the Weather". These albums and singles also peaked in the top ten on the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ) charts.

Morris has won two ARIA Music Awards for 'Best Female Artist' in 1987 and 1988 and was nominated for the same award in 1992. In 2003, on Australia Day (26 January), Morris became an Australian citizen and in 2010 she received the Medal of the Order of Australia.

Life and music career

Early years and The Crocodiles

Jenny Morris was born in Tokoroa, New Zealand and grew up in Hamilton with three brothers (Alistair, Rhys and Tam) and four sisters (Maxine, Bronte, Joanne and Shanley). Morris wrote a poem on the Vietnam War when she was 12 and used her sister's guitar to put it to music. Morris has stated that her influences include Aretha Franklin and Dusty Springfield. Her first professional performance was at age fifteen, at Andersons Theatre Restaurant, in Hamilton. In 1976 she became a singer with How's Your Father, who were finalists in the 'National Battle of the Bands'. She began working as a Home Economics teacher for two years at a high school near Wellington. Late in 1978 Morris joined an all-girl group, Wide Mouthed Frogs in Wellington, performing lead vocals. Fellow members were Kate Brockie on lead vocals, Andrea Gilkison on guitar, Tina Matthews on bass guitar, Bronwyn Murray on keyboards and Sally Zwartz on drums. In 1979 they released the track, "Some Day" for the compilation album, Home Grown Volume One; "Some Day" was cowritten with Tony Backhouse, guitarist of fellow Wellington band, The Spats, which also had a track, "Young Ladies in Hot Cars", on the compilation.

Wide Mouthed Frogs worked with The Spats' members: drummer Bruno Lawrence sometimes played saxophone for them and keyboardist Peter Dasent became their musical director. By 1980, The Spats had evolved into The Crocodiles, under the mentorship of US producer Kim Fowley, and featured Backhouse, Dasent, Fane Flaws (guitar, vocals), Mark Hornibrook (bass guitar), Lawrence, and songwriter Arthur Baysting. Morris was asked to join and soon after, Hornibrook departed and was replaced by Matthews. The Crocodiles were managed by Mike Chunn (ex-Split Enz bassist) and regularly performed in Auckland. In January 1980 they played the high-profile Sweetwaters Music Festival and in April that year, they released their debut album, Tears, produced by Glyn Tucker, and its lead single, "Tears", both reached number  17 on the respective New Zealand albums and singles charts.

Lawrence left and was replaced on drums by Ian Gilroy (ex-Whizz Kids), then Flaws left, although he continued to write material for the second album. Released in November 1980, Looking at Ourselves, was produced by Ian Morris. That year they won 'Best Group' and 'Most Promising Group' at the New Zealand Music Awards. The line-up went through further changes, Gilroy left to join The Swingers, then Matthews and Dasent left. In February 1981, following a repeat performance at the Sweetwaters Festival, The Crocodiles moved to Sydney, at the behest of their manager, Chunn, with new band members, Barton Price (drums), Rick 'Rikki' Morris (guitar) and Jonathan Zwartz (bass) only to disband in July. Price went on to join Models. Morris explained why The Crocodiles left:

QED and "Jackson"

Morris began her solo career with the single, "Puberty Blues" in December 1981 on Mushroom Records; it was the title track from the 1981 film Puberty Blues, which was a local box-office success. The song was written by Tim Finn and performed by Sharon O'Neill in the film. The B-side was "Adolescent Angst", which Morris recorded with The Morris Majors. "Puberty Blues" reached the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart top 100. The follow-up single, "Little By Little"—a cover of The Springfields 1960's song—was released in 1982 but failed to chart.

During 1982–1984, Morris continued as a session backing vocalist, contributing to releases by ex-manager Chunn's brother Geoff (also ex-Split Enz); ex-bandmate Flaws' project and album, I Am Joe's Music; the 1983 Models' album The Pleasure of Your Company; and New Zealand outfit D.D. Smash's 1984 album The Optimist, she went on to tour with D.D. Smash front man Dave Dobbyn, and the New Zealand version of The Party Boys. Morris was credited for Dropbears' 1984 mini-LP, Untitled, before contributing backing vocals to INXS' first number 1 album The Swing.

In late 1983, Morris formed QED in Sydney with guitarist Rex Goh (ex-Air Supply) and bassist Ian Belton (ex-Dave Dobbyn, Renée Geyer). The trio signed with EMI Australia and their recordings were produced by Mark Moffatt (The Saints, Mondo Rock, Tim Finn) and Ricky Fataar (Geyer, Finn, Kids in the Kitchen). Morris was now managed by Chris Murphy, who also handled INXS. QED recorded their versions of The Crocodiles' material including, "Everywhere I Go", "Animal Magic" and "You're So Hip"; Morris also co-wrote new songs with Goh. QED's debut single, "Everywhere I Go", was released in December, and performed on national television pop music show, Countdown, on 1 April 1984; it peaked at number 19 on the national chart. The follow-up single "Solo and More" was issued in March, but failed to chart. The third single, "This One", appeared in August and reached top 50. Additional musicians for QED's first album, Animal Magic, included keyboardist Amanda Vincent (Eurogliders, later joined the Jenny Morris band), drummer Steve Fearnly, saxophonist Tony Buchanan, and Fataar on drums. EMI released it in November, but sales remained low and the album did not chart. QED only released one album and disbanded by 1985, Morris continued session and touring work with other artists, Belton went on to Mondo Rock, and Goh to Eurogliders.

Morris recorded a duet with INXS lead singer, Michael Hutchence, on a cover of Nancy Sinatra and Lee Hazlewood's hit "Jackson", it was included as a bonus track on the April 1984 (cassette only) INXS EP, Dekadance, which reached number two on the charts. Morris and INXS performed "Jackson" live at the 1984 Countdown Music and Video Awards held on 19 May 1985. At Murphy's suggestion she teamed with INXS as a backing singer on their 1985 Australian tour—originally just for a few weeks—and stayed on for eighteen months on their 1985–1986 Listen Like Thieves World Tour. Morris recorded and, in November 1985, released her first single for Warner Entertainment Australia (WEA), "Get Some Humour", with a contribution from Dave Dobbyn, which reached the top 100.

Solo success: 1986–1994
During the US leg of the Listen Like Thieves World Tour, in January 1986, Morris recorded "You're Gonna Get Hurt", which was written and produced by INXS songwriter and keyboardist, Andrew Farriss. Recorded with backing from INXS' Andrew and Jon Farriss and Garry Gary Beers, together with guitarist Ian Moss (ex-Cold Chisel), it was released in September and peaked at number 24. The next single "Body and Soul"—composed by Morris—reached number 55 in mid-1987.

In 1986 she performed on The Rock Party's Everything to Live For, a charity project initiated by The National Campaign Against Drug Abuse (NCADA), which included many Australasian musicians such as Big Pig's Sherine Abeyratne; Crowded House's Neil Finn, Tim Finn, Paul Hester, Eddie Rayner and Nick Seymour; Dynamic Hepnotics' Robert Susz; GANGgajang's Mark Callaghan, Robbie James and Geoff Stapleton; Paul Kelly & the Coloured Girls' Michael Barclay and Paul Kelly; Mental As Anything's Reg Mombassa and Martin Plaza; Models' Sean Kelly; The Promise's Greg Herbert; Rockmelons' Mary Azzopardi, Peter Blakeley and Danny De Costa; The Venetians' Rick Swinn; Vitabeats' Andrew Barnum and Lissa Barnum; and Deborah Conway, Spencer P. Jones, and John Kennedy.

In July 1987, Morris released her first solo album, Body and Soul, produced by Moffatt and Fataar and mixed by Tim Kramer. It sold over 70,000 copies in Australia (platinum status) reaching number 13 on the album charts in Australia and number 21 in New Zealand. The album spawned two further hits in "You I Know"—written by Neil Finn—which reached number 13 in Australia and number 30 in New Zealand, and "Lighthearted" peaked in the top 100 in both countries. Morris also hit the road with her backing band, including Vincent, Jehan Lindsay (ex-Richard Clapton Band), Paul Burton (ex-Mark Williams Band), and Roger Mason (ex-Models). Morris won back-to-back ARIA Awards for 'Best Female Artist' in 1987 and 1988. In 1988, Morris and photographer, Paul Clarke, were married.

Her next single "Saved Me" was released in July 1989 and reached the top 40 in Australia and New Zealand. It featured a distinctly Latin-Spanish feel permeated by funk undertones, with the promo video shot in Nicaragua by Richard Lowenstein. Morris' second solo album Shiver, followed in August and was produced by Farriss, with Morris writing ten of the eleven tracks. In between recording the album, she gave birth to her son, Hugh. The second single was "She Has to Be Loved", a song which melded funk rhythms with a pop hook. In addition, it featured a strong feminist theme, and quickly became a favourite among Morris's female fans. "She Has to Be Loved" became Morris' first Australasian top ten hit reaching number five in Australia and number three in New Zealand during October 1989. Shiver continued to chart over the Southern Hemisphere summer of 1989–1990, peaking at number five on the Australian album charts and number six in New Zealand, it established Morris as one of the best selling female artists in Australia. The track "Aotearoa"—Māori term for 'Land of the Long White Cloud' or New Zealand—received a special single release in New Zealand and reached top 40. The album eventually sold over 250,000 copies, achieving double platinum status in Australia. It spawned two more singles; "Street of Love" written by Australian songsmith Paul Kelly, which reached the top 100 in Australia; and the reggae inspired "Self Deceiver", penned by Morris and Kelly, which reached top 100 in Australia.

As one of Australia's leading female singer-songwriters, Morris toured extensively locally and internationally, first by backing Tears for Fears on the European leg of their 1989 Sowing the Seeds of Love Tour, then on Prince's 1990 Nude Tour in Denmark, Germany and France,—with Dweezil Zappa as her lead guitarist—and again with INXS on their X-Factor tour.

In 1990 she released a cover of "Piece of my Heart"—popularised by Janis Joplin—which peaked in the Australian top 40 in early 1991. She recorded her third album, Honeychild, with producers Nick Launay (Midnight Oil, Killing Joke) and Mark Forrester. The first single from the album, "Break in the Weather", was co-written by Morris and her youngest brother Tam, appeared in September 1991, it reached number two in Australia and number five in New Zealand. Honeychild was released in October and became her second consecutive top ten album, peaking at number five in Australia and New Zealand. Her session musicians, included Wendy Matthews and Midnight Oil's Jim Moginie. Honeychild spawned three more singles; "I've Had You", another Morris and Kelly collaboration, which reached top 50 in Australia and New Zealand; the funk laden "Zero", featuring the rhythm section of drummer Sly Dunbar and bassist Robbie Shakespeare, which peaked top 100 in Australia and top 40 in New Zealand; and "Crackerjack Man", which failed to reach the top 100 ARIA chart in Australia.

On 28 March 1992 Morris performed at the Concert for Life at Centennial Park in Sydney—a fund raiser for the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Centre—with Crowded House, Def FX, Diesel, INXS, Ratcat and Yothu Yindi. Due to inclement weather an expected attendance of 100,000 never eventuated and, with the event only raising $500,000, scandal was expressed in the media over funding distribution.

In November, The Best of Jenny Morris: The Story So Far, a best-of compilation was released, it included "Jackson" which was performed as a duet with Michael Hutchence and INXS on a 1985 Countdown episode, and a re-recorded version of an old The Crocodiles' hit "Tears". The album sold steadily and peaked at number four in New Zealand and number 12 on the Australian charts during May 1993, after Morris had supported Paul McCartney on the Australian leg of his The New World Tour. 1994 saw the birth of her daughter, Bella. Morris' next single, "The Price I Pay", a Billy Bragg cover, was her last appearance on the Australian ARIA top 100 singles chart.

Later years: 1995–current

Morris' next four singles "Only We Can Hear", "Rhythm and Flow", "In Too Deep", and "What Do I Do Now", were released over eighteen months, from mid-1994 to early 1996. Salvation Jane was released in July 1995, nearly four years after her last album, and featured some of her strongest vocal work, including the languid "Rhythm and Flow," with its Aboriginal influences. Issued on the rooArt label, it was produced by Andrew Farriss and Moffatt, together with Electric Hippies' duo Steve Balbi and Justin Stanley. The album featured songs from a song writing retreat held at Miles Copeland's castle in Bordeaux, France. Here, Morris co-wrote a number of songs with other international songwriters. Also in 1995, Morris became a non-executive writer director on the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) Board and as of 2009 is still on the Board. Morris made an appearance in the television drama, Water Rats, in 1997 she continued her gigs, worked for environmental causes and maintained her family life.

In October 2000 she performed with Vika and Linda Bull and Jodi Phillis, at a sold-out Carole King tribute show, Tapestry: the songs of Carole King, held at the Sydney Opera House; it then toured the other Australian capital cities in August–September 2001. In August 2002, Morris' released her next album, Hit & Myth, co-produced by Nick Wales (Coda), was released on 8 May 2002 by Yep! Records. The album features classical musicians (Renaissance Players, Winsome Evans), pop musicians (Davey Lane, Jodi Phillis (ex Clouds)) and jazz (PROP) musicians.

Morris wrote or co-wrote nine of the eleven songs on the album, the others, "Guiding Star", was written by Neil Finn and "The Blacksmith" is a traditional folk song—the first one she learnt on guitar. Neither the album nor the singles "Home", released 29 October 2001, and "Downtime", released 15 July 2002, managed to chart. The music video for "Downtime" featured a number of well-known Australian actors, including Hugo Weaving, Bryan Brown, Matt Newton and Peter Fenton, miming the words to the song. Also in 2002, a portrait of Morris by artist Jan Williamson was entered in the Archibald Prize. The portrait did not win the main prize, but won both the popular awards, the "Packing Room Prize" and "The People's Choice Award". In February, Morris appeared on the SBS TV documentary, Mum's the Word, where high-profile women talked about being a working mother. She sang, "Little Little" an ode to her (then) unborn child written for her 1989 album, Shiver. In October Morris appeared in Finding Joy, a low budget independent Australian feature film, in a cameo role (Tracey). She sings part of a song called "Educated Kind of Thing". In November 2002 she performed at the Candlelight AIDS Memorial, in Darlinghurst, marking the beginning of AIDS awareness week.

In March 2003, Port Fairy's 27th Annual Folk Festival was staged with Archie Roach, John Williamson, Renée Geyer, Morris and emerging Australian band The Waifs were among the popular performers. In October she joined the board of Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Australia, and is an active member of their Fundraising Committee.

In April 2004, Listen: The Very Best of Jenny Morris a repackaging of her 1992 compilation, The Story So Far, was issued with new artwork and a bonus track, "Little Little", an ode to her then unborn baby. In May 2005, the Alive DVD was released, it was recorded in Sydney at The Basement and features Morris playing her hits with her band: Steve Balbi (Noiseworks); Paul Searles (Skunkhour); James Hasselwood (The Dissociatives); Jared Underwood (Coda) and actor Josh Quong Tart, with special guest appearances from Ian Moss, Andrew Farriss and Midnight Oil drummer Rob Hirst. The DVD was released with a bonus CD.

Clear Blue in Stormy Skies, her next album, was released by Liberation Music in June 2006 and includes a dozen remodelled versions of her radio hits of the 1980s and 1990s, together with some new material, a cover of the INXS song, "This Time", in tribute to Michael Hutchence, and a new song, "The Time".

In September 2009, Morris toured Afghanistan to Tarin Kowt and Kandahar and played for occupying troops. In October, she appeared on the SBS TV quiz show, RocKwiz, which included a performance of the Crowded House classic, "It's Only Natural", with Don McGlashan. She performed at the closing ceremony of the 2009 World Masters Games in Sydney, together with Dragon and The Choirboys.

In January 2010, Morris received the Order of Australia with a citation, "for service to the arts, particularly music, and to the community through charitable organisations". Morris was glad that her charity, Nordoff-Robbins was recognised. Morris appeared at the 2010  New Zealand International Arts Festival in Wellington on 13 March.

On 22 February 2016, The Australian Taxation Office initiated insolvency proceedings for her company Aymsolo Pty Ltd (aka Jenny Morris Band.)

In May 2017, Morris was the recipient of the Excellence in the Community award in recognition of her achievements behind the microphone and as a fundraiser for charities such as Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Australia and Support Act. The ceremony took place in Sydney with a number of guests'; including Neil Finn, Mark Lizotte and Jimmy Barnes performing Morris' songs.

In the 2019 New Year Honours, Morris was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to music and charity fundraising.

In May 2021, Morris was cast in the upcoming superhero film Thor: Love and Thunder, set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, in an undisclosed role.

Personal life
Morris married photographer, Paul Clarke, in 1986 and they have had two children, Hugh and Bella.

She has two brothers: Tam (a storyboard artist and musician) and Rhys (a graphic designer and web developer), and four sisters: Maxine, Bronte, Joanne and Shanley. Younger sister, Shanley Del has also won an ARIA Award – as a country music artist in 1998. Her youngest brother, Tam Morris, co-wrote, "Break in the Weather" with Jenny; he is also in the group Tracky Dax as a singer-songwriter.

In 2003, on Australia Day (26 January), Morris became an Australian citizen. In 2005 Morris noticed the effects of a health disorder, spasmodic dysphonia, which affects both her speaking and singing voice. Subsequently, she has stopped publicly singing and in October 2015 appeared on Australian Story episode "Raise Your Voice" to publicise the disorder.

Discography

Body and Soul (1987)
Shiver (1989)
Honeychild (1991)
Salvation Jane (1995)
Hit & Myth (2002)
Clear Blue in Stormy Skies (2006)

See also
 The Crocodiles
 QED (band)

Film and television

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Aotearoa Music Awards
The Aotearoa Music Awards (previously known as New Zealand Music Awards (NZMA)) are an annual awards night celebrating excellence in New Zealand music and have been presented annually since 1965.

!
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1982|| Jenny Morris  || Most Promising Female ||  || rowspan="4" |
|-
| Jenny Morris  || Female Vocalist of the Year||
|-
| 1992 || Jenny Morris  || International Achievement ||
|-
| 1993 || Jenny Morris  || International Achievement ||
|-
| 2018 || Jenny Morris || New Zealand Music Hall of Fame ||  ||
|-

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987.

|-
| 1987
| "You're Gonna Get Hurt"
| ARIA Award for Best Female Artist
|
|-
| 1988
| Body and Soul
| ARIA Award for Best Female Artist
|
|-
| 1992
| Honeychild
| ARIA Award for Best Female Artist
|

Countdown Australian Music Awards
Countdown was an Australian pop music TV series on national broadcaster ABC-TV from 1974 to 1987, it presented music awards from 1979 to 1987, initially in conjunction with magazine TV Week. The TV Week / Countdown Awards were a combination of popular-voted and peer-voted awards.

|-
| 1984
| herself
| Most Popular Female Performer
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1986
| "You're Gonna Get Hurt"
| Best Female Performance in a Video
|
|-
| herself
| Most Popular Female Performer
|
|-

Order of Australia

|-
| Medal of the Order of Australia 2010
| herself
| Order of Australia
|
|-

See also

Music of Australia
Music of New Zealand

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
Jenny Morris – official website

Jenny Morris Discography @ Discogs
Jenny Morris Discography @ MusicBrainz
Jenny Morris interview for Sunday Brunch (25 August 2008) on ABC Radio Sydney with Simon Marnie.
Jenny Morris interview with Jane Costessi from Amrap on Hit and Myth

1956 births
Living people
ARIA Award winners
Naturalised citizens of Australia
New Zealand emigrants to Australia
20th-century New Zealand women singers
New Zealand rock singers
New Zealand women singer-songwriters
New Zealand singer-songwriters
Women new wave singers
Musicians from Hamilton, New Zealand
People from Tokoroa
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
People educated at Hamilton Girls' High School
Members of the New Zealand Order of Merit
21st-century New Zealand women singers

Jenny Morris (musician)