The University of Dallas is a private Catholic university in Irving, Texas. Established in 1956, it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

The university comprises three academic units: the Braniff Graduate School of Liberal Arts, the Constantin College of Liberal Arts, and the Satish & Yasmin Gupta College of Business. Dallas offers several master's degree programs and a doctoral degree program with three concentrations. As of 2017, there are 136 full-time faculty and 102 part-time faculty.

History
The University of Dallas' charter dates from 1910 when the Western Province of the Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians) renamed Holy Trinity College in Dallas, which they had founded in 1905. The provincial of the Western Province closed the university in 1928, and the charter reverted to the Diocese of Dallas. In 1955, the Western Province of the Sisters of Saint Mary of Namur obtained it to create a new higher education institution in Dallas that would subsume their junior college, Our Lady of Victory College, located in Fort Worth. The sisters, together with Eugene Constantin Jr. and Edward R. Maher Sr., petitioned the Diocese of Dallas to sponsor the university, though ownership was entrusted to a self-perpetuating independent board of trustees. The university opened with an initial class of ninety-six students in 1956.

The university's character was intended to be unlike other Catholic universities in Texas. Bishop Thomas Gorman had plans to shape it in the manner of Louvain, the Catholic university in Belgium where he himself had studied and which considered an elite institution in his day.

The Sisters of Saint Mary of Namur, Cistercian monks, Franciscan friars, and several lay professors formed the university's 1956 faculty. The Franciscans departed three years later; professors from the Order of Preachers (Dominicans) joined the faculty in 1958 and built St. Albert the Great Priory on campus. The Cistercians established Our Lady of Dallas Abbey in 1958 and Cistercian Preparatory School in 1962, which are both adjacent to campus. The School Sisters of Notre Dame arrived in 1962 and opened a school for children with learning difficulties in 1963 and a motherhouse for the Dallas Province in 1964, both on campus. The sisters moved the school to Dallas in 1985 and closed the motherhouse in 1987. The faculty is now almost exclusively lay.

Braniff Graduate School, the Graduate School of Management, and programs in art and English all began in 1966. In 1973, the Institute of Philosophic Studies, the doctoral program of the Braniff Graduate School and an outgrowth of the Kendall Politics and Literature Program, was initiated. The School of Ministry began in 1987. The College of Business, incorporating the Gupta Graduate School of Management and undergraduate business, opened in 2003.

Since the first class entered in 1960, university graduates have won 39 Fulbright awards.

Accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools came in 1963 and has been reaffirmed regularly. In 1989, it was the youngest institution of higher education ever to be awarded a Phi Beta Kappa chapter.

In 2013, the Princeton Review ranked the university as the 15th most LGBT-unfriendly school in the United States. Two years later, the university applied for an exception to Title IX allowing it to discriminate based on gender identity for religious reasons. The university "cannot encourage individuals to live in conflict with Catholic principles" according to president Thomas Keefe. In 2016, the organization Campus Pride ranked the college among the worst schools in Texas for LGBT students.

President Thomas W. Keefe was hired from Benedictine University to serve as president. Like his predecessors, he quickly ran into controversy. In 2017, Keefe's leadership was strongly and publicly challenged by over half the faculty and thousands of alumni members of an independent alumni group called UD Alumni for Liberal Education. Their complaint was over a proposal to add a new college within the university that it was believed would have low standards. After intense controversy and multiple efforts by trustees, on Good Friday of 2018, after Keefe's extended and unexplained absence from work, the university's trustees voted to fire him, effective at the end of the academic year.

Seal
The University seal is emblematic of the ideals to which the University is dedicated. The outer circle bears reference to the Book of Zechariah 8:19, which freely translates to "Through Truth, Seek Ye Justice". Incased in the seal is a Triquetra interwoven with a triangle as a double symbol of the Holy Trinity. As well as a Fleur-de-lis, which symbolizes the Cistercians. It also includes two crusader shields which depict the (Left) Lone Star of Texas and (Right) the torch of liberty and learning. The wavy lines near the bottom represent the Trinity River (Texas)

The Role of the Cistercians

Bishop Thomas Gorman wrote as early as 1954 to Fr. Anselm Nagy to ask the displaced Hungarian Cistercian fathers from the Monastery of Zirc to assist in founding the university. On the first day of classes in September 1956, nine Cistercian fathers, at that point half of the entire faculty, were employed at the new university. The history of UD is connected to both those founding Cistercian priests and many more Hungarians who taught there in the first decades.

Guadalupe art print scandal
On February 14, 2008, an image of Our Lady of Guadalupe was removed without permission from the Upper Gallery of the Haggerty Art Village. The image, entitled "Saint or Sinner," was on loan from Murray State University in Kentucky as part of a larger exhibit of works by Murray State students. The piece reportedly portrayed the Virgin Mary as a stripper. After students voiced criticism, signs were put up to warn visitors that "some items [on display] might be considered offensive." The university's president, Frank Lazarus, publicly condemned the theft. Reaction to Lazarus' statement prompted heated campus discussion, was discussed online on Catholic blogs and in conservative tabloids.

Governance and leadership
As of 2022, the president is Jonathan J. Sanford, an American philosopher who previously served as the school's provost.

The University of Dallas is governed by a board of trustees. According to the university's by-laws, the Bishop of Dallas is an ex-officio voting member.

Edward Burns, Bishop of the Diocese of Dallas, currently serves as the chancellor. The office, held by a Catholic bishop per the constitution of the university, is an unpaid, honorary position.

Previous chancellors include:
Thomas Kiely Gorman (1954–1969)
Thomas Ambrose Tschoepe (1969–1990)
Charles Victor Grahmann (1990–2007)
Kevin J. Farrell (2008–2016)

Previous presidents include:
F. Kenneth Brasted (1956–1959)
Robert J. Morris (1960–1962)
Donald A. Cowan (1962–1977)
John R. Sommerfeldt (1978–1980)
Robert F. Sasseen (1981–1995)
Milam J. Joseph (1996–2003)
Frank Lazarus (2004–2010)
Thomas Keefe (2010–2018)
Thomas S. Hibbs (2019–2021)

Campus

The university is located in Irving, Texas, on a 744-acre (301 hectare) campus in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The Las Colinas development is nearby. It is 10 miles (16 km) from downtown Dallas. The campus consists mostly of mid-century modernist, earth-toned brick buildings set amidst the native Texas landscape. Several of these buildings were designed by the well-known Texas architect O'Neil Ford, dubbed the Godfather of Texas modernism. The mall is the center of campus, with the 187.5 feet tall (57.15 meters) Braniff Memorial Tower as its focal point.

The Princeton Review claimed the University of Dallas had the fourth-least beautiful campus among the America's top colleges and universities. Travel + Leisures October 2013 issue lists it as one of America's ugliest college campuses, citing its "low-profile, boxy architecture that bears uncanny resemblance to a public car park," but noting that a recent $12 million donation from alumni Satish and Yasmin Gupta would bring new campus construction.

A Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) Orange Line light-rail station opened near campus on July 30, 2012.

The campus is home to the Orpheion Theatre, a small Greek-style performance space built into a hillside in 2003.

Enrollment
Undergraduate
1,447 students
55% in-state; 44% out-of-state; 1% international
98% full-time
56% female; 44% male
98% age 24 and under
74% Catholic
36% minority

The 2023–2024 estimated charges, including tuition, room, board, and fees, for full-time undergraduates is  $65,240.

Graduate
1,042 students
41% minority
36% Catholic

Academics

Core curriculum and traditional liberal education
The university has resisted a focus on "trades and job training" and pursued the traditional ideas of a liberal arts education according to the model described by John Henry Newman in The Idea of a University. The university's "Core Curriculum" is a collection of approximately twenty courses (two years) of common study covering philosophy, theology, history, literature, politics, economics, mathematics, science, art, and a foreign language. The curriculum not only includes a slate of required courses, but includes specific standardized texts, which permit professors to assume a common body of knowledge and speak across disciplines.  Classes in these core subjects typically have an average class size of 16 students to permit frequent discussion.  Dallas is one of 25 schools graded "A" by the American Council of Trustees and Alumni for a solid core curriculum.

There is a similar core curriculum for graduate studies in the Braniff Graduate School of Liberal Arts.

Undergraduate
Undergraduate students are enrolled in the Constantin College of Liberal Arts, the Satish & Yasmin Gupta College of Business, or the Ann & Joe O. Neuhoff School of Ministry. The university awards bachelors' degrees in arts and sciences.

UD offers a five-year dual-degree program in electrical engineering in collaboration with The University of Texas at Arlington.

In 1970, the university started a study-abroad program in which Dallas students, generally sophomores, spend a semester at the university's campus southeast of Rome in the Alban Hills along the Via Appia Nuova.

Graduate programs

The Braniff Graduate School of Liberal Arts administers master's degrees in American studies, art, English, humanities, philosophy, politics, psychology, and theology, as well as an interdisciplinary doctoral program with concentrations in English, philosophy, and politics.

The Satish and Yasmin Gupta College of Business is an AACSB-accredited business school offering a part-time MBA program for working professionals, a Master of Science program, a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), Graduate Certificates, graduate preparatory programs, and professional development courses.

Rankings

Undergraduate
Ranked No. 9 in the nation as the least LGBT friendly by Princeton Review in 2017 and 15th in 2018
Ranked No. 12 among Western regional universities by U.S. News & World Report (2022 edition).
Ranked No. 15 among master's universities by The Washington Monthly (2015 edition).
Ranked No. 64 among Western regional universities on the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities (2012 edition).
Ranked No. 225 on Forbes list of America's Best Colleges (2019 edition).
Listed as one of the 126 best colleges in the Western United States by The Princeton Review.
Endorsed by the Cardinal Newman Society, a conservative Catholic association.

Graduate
The Department of Art was ranked No. 191 by the U.S. News & World Report's Best Graduate School Rankings 2016.
The 2010 National Research Council Assessment of Research-Doctorate Programs in the US ranked the University of Dallas' doctoral concentrations at or near the bottom (survey-based quality score) of those surveyed in the US: English: 116–119/119; philosophy: 76–89/90; politics: 100–105/105.
A 2010 survey of political theory professors published in the journal Political Science & Politics ranked the doctoral concentration in politics 29th out of 106-surveyed programs in the US specializing in political theory.

Research
The on-campus editorial offices of Dallas Medieval Texts and Translations have been publishing a book series of medieval Latin texts with facing English translations. The goal of the series is to build a library that will represent the whole breadth and variety of medieval civilization. The series is open-ended; as of May 2016, it has published 21 volumes.

Periodicals
The student weekly newspaper is The Cor Chronicle. The yearbook, first published in 1957, is titled The Crusader. Ramify, the official journal of the Braniff Graduate School of Liberal Arts, has been published since 2009. OnStage Magazine has been operated by the Drama Department since 2016. The Mockingbird, a student-run and student-funded publication, began monthly printing in 2020. Since 2011, the Phi Beta Kappa liberal arts honor society has published the University Scholar once a semester to showcase essays, short stories, poems, and scientific abstracts of the university's undergraduates.

Tuition
The cost of attendance for the University of Dallas is dependent on the student's commuter status. For an on-campus student, the cost of attendance for the 2019–2020 school year is $59,600. For an off-campus resident in Texas, the cost of attendance for the 2019–2020 school year was $55,640. For a student living with parents or relatives, the cost of attendance for the 2019–2020 school year was $51,340.

Notable people

Alumni

Notable alumni include:

Intellectuals, artists and entertainers
Larry Arnhart – Political theorist
Jeffrey Bishop – Philosopher, physician and bioethicist (Director of the Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics) at St. Louis University
L. Brent Bozell III – Founder of Media Research Center and Fox News political commentator
L. M. Kit Carson – Actor and screenwriter
Elizabeth (Betsy) DiSalvo, née James – Scholar in interactive computing and learning sciences and professor at Georgia Institute of Technology.
John C. Eastman – Constitutional law scholar and Reagan Administration official
Joe G. N. Garcia – Pulmonary scientist, medical researcher, academic administrator (at Johns Hopkins University) and physician
Henry Godinez – Scholar of Latino theater at Northwestern University
Lara Grice – American film actress known for The Mechanic (2011), The Final Destination (2009) and Déjà Vu
Ernie Hawkins – Blues guitarist and singer
Jason Henderson – Best-selling fantasy novelist and comic book author
Thomas S. Hibbs – Philosopher and Honors College Dean at Baylor University, former President
Andy Hummel – Bassist and songwriter for power-pop band Big Star
Emily Jacir – Palestinian-American artist and activist
Anita Jose – Professor, business strategist, essayist
Joseph Kelly – Literary scholar focused on the works of James Joyce
Peter MacNicol – Actor, notable performances include Ghostbusters, Ally McBeal, and Fox's 24
Patrick Madrid – Author, radio host and Catholic commentator
Taylor Marshall – traditionalist Catholic writer, former Anglican priest, and one time philosophy professor
William Marshner – Ethicist and theologian
John McCaa – American television journalist
Eric McLuhan – media theorist and son of Marshall McLuhan
Trish Murphy – Singer-songwriter
Carl Olson – American journalist and Catholic writer
Mackubin Thomas Owens – assistant dean of academics for Electives, Naval War College
Tan Parker – Texas State Representative from Flower Mound and businessman
Margot Roosevelt (attended, did not graduate) – American journalist at Orange County Register
Gary Schmitt – public intellectual and co-founder of the Project for the New American Century
Christopher Evan Welch – American actor famous for playing Peter Gregory in the HBO series Silicon Valley
Gene Wolande – actor (L.A. Confidential) and television writer (The Wonder Years)
Brantly Womack – professor of government and foreign affairs, University of Virginia

Business, politics and public affairs
Miriem Bensalah-Chaqroun – Moroccan businesswoman and president of Confédération générale des entreprises du Maroc from 2012 to 2018
Robert Bunda – Hawaiian politician
Suren Dutia – Business executive and entrepreneurship expert at Kauffman Foundation
Emmet Flood – Special Counsel to President George W. Bush, 2007–2008
John H. Gibson – Senior Defense Department official and business executive
Tadashi Inuzuka – Japanese politician and diplomat
Katherine, Crown Princess of Yugoslavia – Wife of Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
Michael Neeb – CEO at HCA Healthcare UK
Rosemary Odinga – Kenyan entrepreneur and activist
Susan Orr Traffas – Former Head of the United States Children's Bureau

Religious leaders
Oscar Cantú – Bishop of San Jose
Michael Duca – Bishop of Baton Rouge
Daniel E. Flores – Bishop of Brownsville
David Konderla – Bishop of the Diocese of Tulsa
Shawn McKnight – Bishop of Jefferson City
Mark J. Seitz – Bishop of El Paso

Athletes
Mike McPhee – NHL player and investment banker
Tom Rafferty – Professional football player (offensive lineman for the Dallas Cowboys)

Faculty
The university's full-time, permanent faculty have included the following scholars:
Mel Bradford – literary scholar and traditional conservative political theorist
John Alexander Carroll- American historian and co-winner of the 1958 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for George Washington, Volumes I–VII
Louise Cowan – literary critic, English professor and public intellectual
Eugene Curtsinger – professor of English, novelist and academic administrator
Willmoore Kendall – political theorist (mentor of William F. Buckley while teaching at Yale University)
Thomas Lindsay – Texas Public Policy Foundation, Center for Higher Education
Wilfred M. McClay – Intellectual historian and public intellectual
Joshua Parens – Philosopher concentrating on Islamic and Jewish medieval philosophy
Philipp Rosemann – German philosopher specializing in continental and medieval philosophy
Robert Skeris – American theologian and pioneering enthno-musicologist
Janet E. Smith – classicist and philosopher
Gerard Wegemer – literary scholar and the Director for The Center for Thomas More Studies
Thomas G. West – political theorist
Frederick Wilhelmsen – philosopher
Notable visiting or part-time faculty have included:
Rudolph Gerken – former Archbishop of Santa Fe
Caroline Gordon – American novelist and literary critic
Magnus L. Kpakol – Chief Economic Advisor to the President of Nigeria
Marshall McLuhan – Media theorist and philosopher (coined the expression "the medium is the message" )
Bernard Orchard – British Biblical scholar and Benedictine monk
Mitch Pacwa – American theologian and host of several shows on EWTN
John Marini – political scientist studying American legislative and administrative politics
Mark J. Seitz – Bishop of El Paso
Jeffrey N. Steenson – prelate who converted to Catholicism from Anglicanism

References

Further reading
 University of Dallas: 50 Years of Vision & Courage, 1956–2006 (Irving, Tex.: University of Dallas, 2006). . 165 pp.
 The University of Dallas honoring William A. Blakley (Irving, Tex.: University of Dallas, 1966). 19 pp.

External links

 University of Dallas Athletics website
 The University News – student newspaper

Buildings and structures in Irving, Texas
Education in Irving, Texas
Universities and colleges established in 1956
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Universities and colleges in Dallas County, Texas
Universities and colleges in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex
USCAA member institutions
Catholic universities and colleges in Texas
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
1956 establishments in Texas

University of Dallas


Belo Vale é um bairro pertencente ao distrito de Justinópolis em Ribeirão das Neves, na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Localiza-se a noroeste do centro de Justinópolis, tem acesso principal pela Av. Denise Cristina da Rocha.

Origem
De acordo com o Plano de Regularização Fundiária de Ribeirão das Neves elaborado em 2009, o bairro foi aprovado em 18/05/1993 e registrado posteriormente. Com uma área total de 165.771 m2, foram disponibilizados 95.671 m2 de uso exclusivo para lotes, que totalizam 359.

Começou a se consolidar nos anos 2000, em decorrência sobretudo da sua localização, na região de conurbação com o distrito de Venda Nova.

Atualidade
O bairro Belo Vale tem declividade acentuada, traçado regular, com sua maior parte pavimentada, e densidade média, além de ser atendido integralmente pela CEMIG e COPASA.

Há um eixo comercial nas ruas 5 (até a divisa com o bairro Vera Lúcia), 2 e 3 do bairro, composto por bares, salões de beleza, borracharias, lava jatos, mercearias, lojas de tecidos/costura e uma academia de artes marciais. Ainda, diversas redes atacadistas e varejistas instalaram filiais nas proximidades, assim como indústrias de cerâmica. Alguns exemplos são a cerâmica Santo Antônio e a cerâmica Marbeth.

Quanto a religiosidade, existem diversas igrejas evangélicas na região que aumentaram conforme o bairro se desenvolvia no quesito população.

No que discerne à educação, Belo Vale não contém escolas municipal ou estadual. Contudo, os moradores, por estarem em uma região "central", acessam bairros vizinhos que dispõem de redes educacionais, tais como Botafogo, Centro de Justinópolis, Labanca ou o Jardim São Judas Tadeu.

Por fim, os habitantes dessa localidade contam com um Posto de Saúde da Família (PSF), atendendo demandas iniciais e básicas da região.

Os bairros vizinhos são: Botafogo, Cruzeiro, Jardim São Judas Tadeu, Labanca e Vera Lúcia.

Transporte
O bairro Belo Vale é atendido por seis linhas de ônibus, além dos transportes alternativos (Uber, 99, entre outros). São elas: 5375, 5376, 5377 (apenas aos domingos), 5412, 5391 e 204 (antigo 2101).

Para saber mais, veja detalhadamente na lista do bairro Cruzeiro.

Ver também

 Ribeirão das Neves
 Justinópolis

Ligações externas

 Prefeitura de Ribeirão das Neves
 Localização do bairro

Bairros de Ribeirão das Neves

Belo Vale (Justinópolis)


An Tillandsia adamsii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert William Read. An Tillandsia adamsii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tillandsia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Jamaica. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tillandsia

Tillandsia adamsii


Seaman is a military rank used in many navies around the world. It is considered a junior enlisted rank and, depending on the navy, it may be a single rank on its own or a name shared by several similarly junior ranks.

In the Commonwealth, it is the lowest rank in the navy, while in the United States, it refers to the three lowest ranks of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard. The equivalent of the seaman is the matelot in French-speaking countries, and Matrose in German-speaking countries.

Australia
The Royal Australian Navy features one seaman rank, which is split into two distinct classes. Seaman and seaman* (pronounced "seaman star"), to differentiate between those who have completed their employment training and those who are in training. There is no insignia on a seaman rank slide.

Canada
There are 4 grades of sailor (previously the term "seaman", until it was replaced with "sailor" in August 2020)/matelot in the Royal Canadian Navy:

The rank of master sailor is unique because it was created only for the Canadian Navy. It does not follow the British tradition of other Canadian ranks. It corresponds to the rank of master corporal/caporal-chef.

France
Matelot 2e classe (seaman 2nd class), or apprentice seaman, and matelot breveté (able seaman) are designations of the French Navy. Matelots are colloquially known as "mousses".

Estonia

Madrus is the lowest rank in the Estonian Navy. It is equivalent to OR-1 in NATO

Germany

The German rank of "seaman" () is the lowest enlisted rank of the German Navy. It is equivalent to OR1 in NATO and is a grade A3 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

Greece

There is one grade of seaman in the Hellenic Navy.

Indonesia
In the Indonesian Navy, this rank is referred to as "kelasi". There are three levels of this rank in the Indonesian Navy which are: "seaman recruit" (kelasi dua),  "seaman apprentice" (kelasi satu), and  "seaman" (kelasi kepala), the rating system thus mirrors the one used in the US Navy.

Italy
The Italian rank of "seaman" () is the lowest enlisted rank of the Italian Navy equivalent in NATO to OR1.

Japan
See Military ranks and insignia of the Japan Self-Defense Forces

Russia

Much Russian military vocabulary was imported, along with military advisers, from the Dutch Republic in the 16th and 17th centuries.  The Russian word for "seaman" or "sailor" (; matros) was borrowed from the Dutch "matroos".  In Imperial Russia the most junior naval rank was "seaman 2nd class" (матрос 2-й статьи; matros vtoroi stati).  Estonia () and Latvia () use closely related loanwords.

The 1917 Revolution led to the term "Red Fleet man" (краснофлотец; krasnoflotets) until 1943, when the Soviet Navy reintroduced the term "seaman" (матрос; matros), along with badges of rank.  The Russian Federation inherited the term in 1991, as did several other former Soviet republics, including Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Belarus, with Bulgaria using the same word and the same Cyrillic orthography.

United Kingdom
In the Royal Navy the rate is split into two divisions: AB1 and AB2. The AB2 rating is used for those who have not yet completed their professional taskbooks. The rate of ordinary seaman has been discontinued.

United States

Constructionmanvariation

Firemanvariation

Airmanvariation

Seamaninsignia

Seaman is the third enlisted rank from the bottom in the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard, ranking above seaman apprentice and below petty officer third class. This naval rank was formerly called seaman first class, such as Medal of Honor recipient James R. Ward.  The rank is also used in United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps, a naval-themed uniformed youth program under the sponsorship of the Navy League of the United States.

The actual title and insignia for an E-3 varies based on the job rating to which the member will ultimately be assigned.

 Those in the general deck, technical, weapons and administrative groups (with the exception of the aviation administration men) are called "seamen" and they represent the largest group of Navy and Coast Guard personnel in pay grades E-3 and below.  They wear white stripes on their blue uniforms (USN and USCG), and navy blue (black) stripes on their white uniforms (USN only).
 Those in the medical group are now called "hospitalmen."  In October 2005, the USN dental technician (DT) rating was merged into the hospital corpsman (HM) rating, eliminating the "dentalman" title for E-3 and below. Those who once held the rate of "dentalman" have become "hospitalmen".  They wear white stripes on their blue uniforms, and navy blue stripes on their white uniforms. After the completion of their "A" school, they wear a caduceus of the same color as the stripes on their uniforms. On their combat uniforms, a hospitalman wears their caduceus on the tab of their left collar tab. This rating was previously called pharmacist's mate (PHM) and HMs are colloquially referred to as "corpsman" in the naval service.  Hospitalmen exist only in the U.S. Navy; their equivalent in the U.S. Coast Guard is the health services technician (HS), which is sourced from seamen in that service's administrative and scientific group.
 Those in the shipboard engineering and hull group, comprising conventional (USN + USCG) and nuclear (USN only) powerplants and propulsion, as well as the hull maintenance area, are called "firemen."  They wear red stripes on both their USN and USCG blue uniforms and, in the case of the Navy, white uniforms.
 Those in the aviation group of the Navy and Coast Guard are called "airmen", and they wear green stripes on blue uniforms (USN + USCG) and white uniforms (USN only).
 Enlisted personnel in the construction group, which primarily populates the U.S. Navy's civil engineering construction battalions (i.e., Seabees), are called "constructionmen" and they wear light blue stripes on both their blue and white uniforms.  Constructionmen are unique to the U.S. Navy; there is no U.S. Coast Guard equivalent.

No such stripes for E-1, E-2 or E-3 are authorized to be worn on working uniforms, e.g., navy work uniform, USCG operational dress uniform, coveralls, utility wear, flight suits, hospital and clinic garb, diving suits, etc. However, sailors with the pay grade of E-2 or E-3 are permitted to wear silver-anodized collar devices on their service uniforms.

Some sailors and Coast Guardsmen receive a rating following completion of a military technical training course for that particular rating known as an "A" school.  Other sailors and Coast Guardsmen who have completed the requirements to be assigned a rating and have been accepted by the Navy Personnel Command/Bureau of Naval Personnel (USN) or the Coast Guard Personnel Service Center Command (USCG) as holding that rating (a process called "striking") are called "designated strikers", and are referred to by their full rate and rating in formal communications (i.e., machinist's mate fireman (MMFN), as opposed to simply fireman (FN)), though the rating is often left off in informal communications. Those who have not officially been assigned to a rating are officially referred to as "undesignated" or "non-rates." Once selected for a particular rating of their choice they become eligible for advancement in that community.

Venezuela

The rank is used by the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela.

See also

Seaman (Admiralty Law)
Comparative military ranks
List of United States Coast Guard ratings
United States Coast Guard enlisted rate insignia
United States Coast Guard officer rank insignia
United States Navy enlisted rates

References

External links

Military ranks of Canada
Military ranks of the United States Navy
Military ranks of the United States Coast Guard
United States military enlisted ranks
Military specialisms
Combat occupations
Water transport
Marine occupations

Seaman (rank)


El apellido Fabregat puede referirse a varias personas:

 Amadeo Fabregat Mañes, escritor y periodista español, director de Radio Televisión Valenciana.
 Benjamín Fabregat Martí, farmacéutico, sindicalista y político español, alcalde de Castellón, y  procurador en las Cortes Españolas.
 Pedro Manuel Fabregat Machado (1882-1964), maestro y político cubano ranchuelero.

Fabregat


La Classique de Saint-Sébastien 2022 est la  de cette course cycliste masculine sur route. Elle a lieu le  au Pays basque, en Espagne, et fait partie du calendrier UCI World Tour 2022. Elle est remportée par le Belge Remco Evenepoel qui signe une seconde victoire sur cette classique.

Présentation

Parcours
Le parcours de 224,8 km est identique à celui de l'édition précédente. Partant de Saint-Sébastien, la classique comporte six côtes répertoriées, les deux dernières à franchir étant la côte d'Erlaitz (3,8 km à une moyenne de 10,6 %) à 43 km du terme et le mur de Murgil-Tontorra (2,1 km à une moyenne de 10,1 %) dont le sommet se situe à 8 km de la ligne d'arrivée tracée sur le boulevard Helmuga-Meta de Saint-Sébastien.

Équipes
La Classique de Saint-Sébastien faisant partie du calendrier de l'UCI World Tour, les dix-huit « World Teams » y participent. Six équipes continentales professionnelles sont invitées.

Favoris
Les principaux candidats à la victoire pourraient être les Italiens Alberto Bettiol (EF Education) et Vincenzo Nibali (Astana), le Français David Gaudu (Groupama FDJ), le Belge Remco Evenepoel (Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl), vainqueur en 2019, les Slovènes Tadej Pogačar (UAE Emirates) et  Matej Mohorič (Bahrain Victorious), l'Australien Michael Matthews (Bike Exchange), le Portugais João Almeida (UAE Emirates), l'Américain Neilson Powless (EF Education), vainqueur de l'édition précédente, les Britanniques Simon Yates (BikeExchange) et Geraint Thomas (Ineos Grenadiers), le Néerlandais Bauke Mollema (Trek Segafredo) et les Espagnols Carlos Rodríguez (Ineos Grenadiers), Alejandro Valverde (Movitar) et Mikel Landa (Bahrain Victorious).

Déroulement de la course
La course se joue dans la montée de la côte d'Erlaitz. Remco Evenepoel accélère en tête de course à  de l'arrivée. Le seul Simon Yates parvient à suivre le sillage du Belge pendant encore  avant d'être à son tour distancé. Evenepoel franchit le sommet d'Erlaitz avec 41 secondes d'avance sur un petit groupe de chasse. Il augmente son avance dans la descente puis aussi dans la dernière montée  du mur de Murgil-Tontorra pour devancer sur la ligne d'arrivée son premier poursuivant Pavel Sivakov de presque deux minutes.

Classement final

Liste des participants

Notes et références

Liens externes

2022
Cyclisme en Espagne en 2022
Cyclisme sur route en 2022
Cyclisme en juillet 2022

Classique de Saint-Sébastien 2022


ආණ්ඩුව යන සිංහල වචනය ස්වෛරීය රාජ්‍යයක, ෆෙඩරල් රාජ්‍යයක ප්‍රාන්තයක හෝ යටත් විජිතයක පාලනය ගෙනයන ව්‍යුහය හැඳින්වීම සඳහා යොදා ගැනේ. මෙයට ආසන්නතම බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි වදන Government වන අතර අමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසියේදී එම වදන ආණ්ඩුව යන තේරුම හැර වෙනත් පාලන ඒකක සඳහාද  සඳහාද යෙදේ.

ආණ්ඩුවක ව්‍යුහය
 විධායකය
 ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකය
 අධිකරණය

විවිධ ආණ්ඩු ක්‍රම

අරාජික (Anarchy) - Absence, or lack of government.
ව්‍යවස්ථාපිත රජාණ්ඩු (Constitutional Monarchy) - A government that has a monarch, but his/her power is strictly limited by the government.  Example: United Kingdom.
ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික ආණ්ඩු (Democracy) - Rule by a government where the people as a whole hold the power. It may be exercised by them (direct democracy), or through representatives chosen by them (representative democracy).
Despotism -  Governing by a single individual, the despot, who wields all the power and authority of the state. Other persons are subsidiary to the despot.
ඒකාධිපතිවාදය - Rule by an individual who has full power over the country. See also Autocracy and Stratocracy.
රජාණ්ඩු (Monarchy) - Rule by an individual who has inherited the role and expects to bequeath it to their heir.
රදල ආණ්ඩු (Oligarchy) - Rule by a small group of people who share similar interests or family relations.
ධනපති ආණ්ඩු (Plutocracy) - A government composed of the wealthy class.
පූජක තන්ත්‍ර (Theocracy) - Rule by a religious elite.
Tyranny - Governing by a single ruler, the tyrant, holding vast, if not absolute power through a state.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි

සටහන්

මූලාශ්‍ර

දේශපාලනවේදය
Political terminology
ප්‍රධාන මාතෘකා ලිපි

ආණ්ඩුව


යම් රාජ්‍යයක ආණ්ඩුවක් විසින් ත්‍රස්තවාදය හෝ ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් සඳහා ඍජුව හෝ වක්‍රව උදවු හෝ සත්කාරකත්වය සැපයීම රාජ්‍ය අනුග්‍රාහක ත්‍රස්තවාදය වේ. ත්‍රස්තවාදය යන්නට අන්තර්ජාතිකව පිළිගත් තනි අර්ථ දැක්වීමක් නොමැති බැවින් ත්‍රස්තවාදය සඳහා සත්කාරකත්වය සපයන රාජ්‍යයෝ මොනවාදැයි යන්නට අන්තර්ජාතිකව පිළිගත් තනිලැයිස්තුවක් නොමැත. විවිධ රටවල් අදාර රටේ දෘෂ්ඨී කෝණයට මෙය අර්ථ දැක්වීම සහ නම්කිරීම සිදුවේ.

රාජ්‍ය අනුග්‍රාහක ත්‍රස්තවාදය නම්කිරීම

ඇ.එ.ජ.

රාජ්‍ය අනුග්‍රාහක ත්‍රස්තවාදය සිදුකිරීම (රට අනුව)

අ.එ.ජ.

අය'ලන්තය

ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානය

ඉන්දියාව

ඊශායලය

එක්සත් රාජධානිය

කටා

දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව

නෝවේ

මලයාසියාව

රුසියාව

ලිබියාව

ත්‍රස්තවාදය
රාජ්‍ය අනුග්‍රාහක ත්‍රස්තවාදය

රාජ්‍ය අනුග්‍රාහක ත්‍රස්තවාදය


Džagričaj, Džahri ili Džahug (armenski jezik: Ճահուկ, azerski: Cəhriçay, ruski: Джагричай, Джахри, Джахуг) je rijeka u Armeniji i Azerbajdžanu. Duga je 45 km. Površina porječja iznosi 442 km2. Desna je pritoka Nahičevančaja. Vodu dobiva od snijega i podzemnih voda. Kraj rijeke se nalazi arheološki lokalitet Kjuljtepe II koji pripada Kura-Araskoj kulturi iz srednjeg i kasnog Brončanog doba, te ranog željeznog doba. 4 kilometara južnije od Kjuljtepea II nalazi se Kjuljtepe I.

Izvori

Rijeke u Armeniji
Rijeke u azijskom dijelu Azerbajdžana
Porječje Kure

Džagričaj


An Eulophia bicallosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni David Don, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Peter Francis Hunt och Victor Samuel Summerhayes. An Eulophia bicallosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eulophia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eulophia

Eulophia bicallosa


Phossy jaw, formally known as phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, was an occupational disease affecting those who worked with white phosphorus (also known as yellow phosphorus) without proper safeguards. It was most commonly seen in workers in the matchstick industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries.  It was caused by white phosphorus vapor, which destroys the bones of the jaw. Modern occupational hygiene practices have since eliminated the working conditions that caused this disease.

Symptoms
Those with phossy jaw would usually begin suffering painful toothaches and swelling of the gums. The pain was characterized as "persistent yet progressive ... spreading to neighboring teeth and jawbone". Over time, pus formation developed penetrating the oral mucosa with the formation of fistula, tooth loss, and recurrent abscesses. Further progression led to the formation of sequestrum (dead bone that has separated from living bone) after three months and necrosis of the jaw within six months. The distinguishing feature of this disease was the eventual separation of the sequestrum which was described as porous and light in weight. The lower jaw was more commonly affected than the upper jaw. Affected bones glowed a greenish-white colour in the dark. The condition also affected the brain, provoking seizures in some chronic cases.

Treatment
Treatments included topical antimicrobials, conservative debridement of sequestra and surgery. Surgical removal of the afflicted jaw bones could save the patient; otherwise, death from organ failure would follow. The disease was extremely painful and disfiguring to the patient, with dying bone tissue rotting away accompanied by a foul-smelling discharge. Removal of the jaw bone also had serious effects on patients' ability to eat, leading to further health concerns including malnutrition.

Diagnostic imaging
The clinical features appear first, pain in the teeth and jaw, abscesses, etc. as described above.  Once the clinical changes occur and the problem is made known a doctor or dentist could see changes in the jaw bones through radiographs or X-rays. The sequestra, the parts of the bone that die and break off, are light in weight and yellow to brown in color. Thus phossy jaw can be clearly demarcated from similar entities by radiographs. In radiographs, the sequestra present a typical worm-eaten appearance similar to a pumice stone. Sequestra appear osteoporotic and decalcified. Separation of the dead bone from the surrounding bone appears clearly demarcated in the radiographs.

History

Discovery
The first case of phossy jaw was diagnosed in 1839 by Friedrich Wilhelm Lorinser, a doctor in Vienna. The patient was a female Viennese matchstick maker who had been exposed to the phosphorus vapors over a five-year period. He named the disease "Phosphorimus chronicus". In 1844 Lorinser reported 22 cases of phossy jaw and established the toxic effects of white phosphorus in matchsticks.

International and national legislation and public organisations

Europe

In 1872 the Grand Duchy of Finland, part of the Russian Empire,  was the first country to place an absolute ban on the manufacture, use and sale of white phosphorus in matches, followed by Denmark in 1874 and France in 1897. In Great Britain a ban on white phosphorus matches became effective on 1 January 1910. The international association for labor legislation, an international conference, met at Berne, Switzerland, in 1906 and pledged to prohibit the manufacture, importation and sale of white phosphorus matches. This treaty was signed by Finland, Denmark, France, Switzerland, Luxemburg, Italy, the Netherlands and Germany, in what is considered as the first international attempt to ban an industrial product.

United States
Phossy jaw was publicized by the American Association for Labor Legislation, whose secretary, John B. Andrews, began investigating the disease in 1909 and found more than 100 cases. This report was published in the Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor. The White Phosphorus Match Act of 1912, signed by President William Howard Taft on April 9, 1912, required manufacturers who used white phosphorus to register with district collectors of internal revenue and to file periodic notices and returns, levied a tax of two cents per hundred matches and required makers of white-phosphorus matches to affix revenue stamps to the matchboxes.

Asia
Russia placed a heavy tax on white phosphorus matches in 1892 which was doubled in 1905. By 1906 the production of white phosphorus matches had been reduced to one match in every fifty. India and Japan banned the use of white phosphorus in 1919 after the United States, followed by China's ban on white phosphorus usage in match production in 1925.

Match industry
White phosphorus was the active ingredient of most matches from the 1840s to the 1910s. Concern over phossy jaw contributed to the London matchgirls strike of 1888, and although this strike did not end the use of white phosphorus William Booth and The Salvation Army opened a match-making factory in 1891 that used the much safer, though more expensive, red phosphorus. The Salvation Army also campaigned with local retailers to get them to sell only red phosphorus matches.

However it was not until the use of white phosphorus was prohibited by the international Berne Convention in 1906 and its provisions were implemented in national laws over the next few years that industrial use ceased.

Mechanism of action of white phosphorus
In phossy jaw patients, the forensic evidence suggested the conversion of yellow phosphorus to potent amino bisphosphonates by natural chemical reactions in the human body. Yellow phosphorus has a simple chemistry; when combined with H2O and  molecules from respiration and some amino acids such as lysine, bisphosphonates result.

Links to bisphosphonates
A related condition, medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), has been described as a side-effect of amino-bisphosphonates, a class of phosphorus-based drugs that inhibit bone resorption and are used widely for treating osteoporosis, bone disease in cancer and some other conditions. BON, sometimes called "bis-phossy jaw", is primarily associated with the use of intravenous bisphosphonates in the treatment of cancer. The percentage incidence of BON from this use is approximately 1000 times higher than the incidence of BON caused by the use of oral bisphosphonates.

See also
Industrial injury
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Radium jaw

References

Phosphorus
Occupational diseases
Osteonecrosis

Phossy jaw


Ziyaret, Mardin ilinin Midyat ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallede Arapça konuşulmakta olup köy halkı, Ehl-i Sünnet Müslüman Araplardan oluşmaktadır.

Mahallenin medfun olan sahabe makamı, çevre köy ve bölgelerden çokça ziyaret edildiğinden köy "Ziyaret" namıyla meşhurdur. Burada Muhammed'in sahabelerinden, fetih seferlerinde öldürülen Muhammed Salim el-Ensar'ın türbesi bulunmaktadır. Osmanlı dönemine ait tarihi belge 1801 tarihli Diyarbekir Salnamesi'nde (Cild IV/209) Mardin/Midyat kazasında makamı bulunan ondan bahsedilmektedir.

Burada İslam'dan önce Hristiyan rahiplerinin barınağının olduğu ve Deyr-ül Abyaz (Beyaz Saray) denildiği ile ilgili rivayetler vardır.

VI. yüzyılda bölgeye İslam'ın yayılışı ile birlikte Halid bin Velid komutasındaki Müslüman Arap orduları bölgeyi fethetmişlerdi. Abbasiler döneminde önemli imar hareketlerine başlanmış, Harun Reşid zamanında da buradaki köylerin çoğu imar edilmiştir.

Coğrafya

Mardin il merkezine 40 km, Midyat ilçesine 26 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Midyat'ın mahalleleri

Ziyaret, Midyat


Optička aberacija (lat. aberratio: skretanje s puta) je pogreška optičkih leća (ili sustava leća) ili zakrivljenih zrcala koja skreće zrake svjetlosti s putanje prema žarištu i stvara nejasnu ili izobličenu sliku predmeta. Može nastati zbog nesavršenog oblika optičke površine, optičke hrapavosti, netočne centriranosti optičkih dijelova, nehomogenosti materijala od kojeg je napravljena leća, i tako dalje. Neke aberacije nastaju zbog prirode svjetlosti: čak i kod idealnih leća žarište ljubičaste boje bliže je leći nego žarište crvene boje zato što indeks loma ovisi o valnoj duljini svjetlosti. Kakvoća ili kvaliteta optičkih instrumenata ovisi o tome koliko su uspješno popravljene aberacije.

Sva svojstva optičkih leća, to jest sakupljanje zraka u jednoj točki, konstrukcija slike i tako dalje (geometrijska optika), vrijede samo za tanke leće i za zrake koje padaju na leću u blizini osi leće. Kod debljih leća i za zrake koje padaju na rub leće, to jest dalje od osi, nastaju pogreške kod stvaranja slike koje se očituju u tome da je slika bez oštrine.

Vrste optičkih aberacija
Pojavljuje se šest vrsta aberacija: sferna aberacija, kromatska aberacija, astigmatizam i koma, koje se najčešće popravljaju (korigiraju) oblikovanjem, podešavanjem i kombiniranjem leća i zrcala, i zakrivljenost polja i distorzija, koje se popravljaju na slici.

Sferna aberacija

Sferna aberacija nastaje kada se zrake svjetlosti s rubova i središta leće ili sfernoga zrcala različito lome i imaju različite žarišne daljine. Slika predmeta nije oštra. Korekcija sferne aberacije postiže se sužavanjem snopa svjetlosti koji pada na leću ili zrcalo, uporabom paraboličnih zrcala, postavljanjem konvergentnih i divergentnih leća jednih uz druge, uporabom stakla većeg indeksa loma tako da zakrivljenost leće, a time i sferna aberacija, budu što manji, oblikovanjem leće tako da je jače zakrivljena u središtu nego na rubovima, i tako dalje. Primjerice ljudsko oko korigira sfernu aberaciju tako što je rožnica manje zakrivljena na rubovima nego na sredini, a očna leća nije homogena, već ima manju gustoću na rubovima, pa slabije lomi rubne zrake.

Zrake koje prolaze kroz središnje dijelove daju oštru sliku na drugom mjestu, a ne na onom na kojem je daju okrajni dijelovi leće. Zato se kod upotrebe cijelog otvora leće ne dobiva nigdje oštra slika. Kod rastresne leće je obrnuto, to jest sferna aberacija sastoji se u tome da je prividno (virtualno) žarište rubnih dijelova leće dalje od leće negoli žarište srednjih dijelova. Prema tome, sfernu aberaciju sabirne leće možemo smanjiti ako leću kombiniramo s rastresnom lećom odgovarajuće jakosti. Takva kombinacija konveksne i konkavne leće kod koje je znatno smanjena sferna aberacija zove se sferno korigirani sustav. Sabirna leća kod koje je posebnim brušenjem sferna aberacija posve uklonjena (korigirana) zove se aplanatička leća ili aplanat.

Kromatska aberacija

Kromatska aberacija nastaje jer optička leća ne može fokusirati svjetlost različitih boja u jednoj ravnini okomitoj na optičku os, zbog toga što indeks loma optičkoga sredstva leće ovisi o valnoj duljini svjetlosti. Žarišne daljine svjetlosti različitih boja su različite i slika predmeta može biti oštra samo u jednoj boji. Korekcija kromatske aberacije postiže se postavljanjem sabirnih i rastresnih leća različita indeksa loma jednih uz druge, na primjer apokromat, no nijedan akromatski par ne može ju potpuno ukloniti. Ne pojavljuje se kod sfernih zrcala.

Astigmatizam

Astigmatizam nastaje zbog nemogućnosti određenog područja leće ili sfernoga zrcala da fokusira sliku predmeta koji se nalazi izvan optičke osi. Popravlja (korigira) se, s pomoću anastigmata i ispravljanjem nepravilnosti optičkih ploha. Nejednolika zakrivljenost rožnice ljudskoga oka ili očne leće popravlja se upotrebom cilindričnih leća.

Koma

Koma nastaje kad predmet ne leži na optičkoj osi pa se svjetlost, prolazeći kroz različita područja leće ili zrcala, različito prelama i slika predmeta izdužuje se u oblik kometa. U složenom optičkom instrumentu može nastati ako su optički dijelovi loše centrirani. Pravilna slika može se postići točnim centriranjem optičkih dijelova ili uklanjanjem zraka svjetlosti koje stvaraju izduženje s pomoću dijafragme.

Zakrivljenost polja
Zakrivljenost polja je aberacija kod koje slika na ravnom zastoru okomitom na optičku os ne može biti istodobno oštra u središtu i na rubovima. Oštra slika leži na paraboloidnoj plohi (takozvana Petzvalova ploha). Kako bi popravili ovu pogrešku, mrežnica ljudskoga oka zakrivljena je.

Distorzija
Distorzija je izobličenje slike koje ravne linije čini zakrivljenima, ali slika ostaje oštra. Nastaje zato što različiti dijelovi leće imaju različita linearna povećanja.

Izvori

Optika

Optička aberacija


නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තරයක් යනු, දළ වශයෙන් නිරක්ෂයෙන් උතුරට හෝ දකුණට අක්ෂාංශ අංශක 28  ක් අතර පිහිටන පරිසර පද්ධති වර්ගයකි (කර්කටක නිවර්තනය සහ මකර නිවර්තනය අතර නිරක්ෂීය කලාපයෙහි).සාමාන්‍ය වාර්ෂික වර්ෂාපතනය 2000-4000mm අතර වේ .25-30°C අතර උෂ්ණත්වයක් ඇත.

ස්තරිභවනය දැකිය හැක. ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් නෙරු ඵ්තරය , වියන් ස්තරය හා උප වියන් ස්තරය දැකිය හැක . ඊට පහලින් පඳුරු හා විශාල අකාෂ්ඨීය ශාකවලින් යුතු යටි ස්තරය දැකිය හැක. වනාන්තරයේ බිම් ස්තරය කුඩා අකාෂ්ඨීය ශාක , හතු හා වියලි සුන්බුන්වලින් සමන්විත යි .

මේවායේ සදාහරිත ශාක ප්‍රමුඛ වේ. අපිශාක ද සුලබ වේ .

[ගොනුව:Aerial view of the Amazon Rainforest.jpg|right|thumb|245x245px|බ්‍රසීලයේ ඇමේසන් වැසිවනාන්තරයෙහි ප්‍රදේශයක්. දකුණු ඇමරිකාවෙහි මෙමනිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තරය තුල පෘථිවියෙහි විශාලතම ජීවී විවිධත්වය සිටිති.]]

ආශ්‍රිත

නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තර

නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තර


Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti (Bolonha, 5 de setembro de 1664 - Roma, 18 de setembro de 1742) foi um cardeal do século XVIII

Nascimento
Nasceu em Bolonha em  5 de setembro de 1664. Filho de Giacomo Gotti, professor de direito na Universidade de Bolonha, e Clara Caparda.

Educação
Recebeu sua educação inicial na escola Piarist em Bolonha; e estudou retórica com os jesuítas. Ingressou na Ordem dos Pregadores (Dominicanos), no convento de Bolonha em 1680; estudou nas casas de formação dominicanas de Bolonha, Ancona e Forli; depois, no convento dominicano de Salamanca, Espanha; e mais tarde, na Universidade de Salamanca, onde obteve o título de mestre em teologia; ofereceu a cadeira de teologia naquela universidade, ele recusou; ele voltou para a Itália em 1688.

Sacerdócio
Ordenado, 1688, por Antonio de Monroy e Yjar, arcebispo de Santiago de Compostela. Professor de teologia, convento dominicano de Mântua, 1688. Pouco depois, professor de filosofia no Dominican Collegio S. Tommaso, convento de S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma. Ele também ensinou nos conventos de Pádua e Faenza. Professor de teologia pública na Universidade de Bolonha em 1695; professor de teologia polêmica de 1695 a 1714 e de 1717 a -1728. prior do convento dominicano de Bolonha em 1708; reeleito em 1714. Superior provincial da Lombardia em 1710 e em 1721-1723. Inquisidor geral da fé em Milão (aceitou o cargo contra sua vontade) em 9 de agosto de 1715; ocupou o cargo até 1717. Regente geral de estudos de sua ordem em Bolonha. Prior do convento dominicano de Bolonha, novamente, em 1720.

Episcopado
Eleito patriarca titular de Jerusalém em 29 de abril de 1728. Consagrada em 16 de maio de 1728, igreja dominicana, Bolonha, por Giacomo Boncompagni, arcebispo de Bolonha, auxiliado por Tommaso Torelli, bispo de Forlì, e por Tommaso Cervioni, bispo de Faenza.

Cardinalado
Criado cardeal sacerdote no consistório de 30 de abril de 1728; o papa enviou-lhe o barrete vermelho com um breve apostólico datado de 3 de maio de 1728; recebeu o gorro vermelho e o título de S. Pancrazio, em 14 de junho de 1728. Participou do conclave de 1730, que elegeu o Papa Clemente XII. Camerlengo do Sagrado Colégio dos Cardeais de 17 de janeiro de 1735 até 27 de fevereiro de 1736. Optou pelo título de S. Sisto, em 26 de setembro de 1738. Participou do conclave de 1740, que elegeu o Papa Bento XIV. Escreveu e publicou numerosas obras <1> ; no momento de sua morte, ele estava escrevendo um comentário do Gênesis, que nunca foi publicado.

Morte
Morreu em Roma em 18 de setembro de 1742, às 5h30, em seu quarto ao lado da igreja de S. Maria sopra Minerva. Seu corpo foi trasladado para aquela igreja no dia seguinte à tarde. A capella papalis aconteceu em 20 de setembro de 1742 naquela mesma igreja. À noite, ele foi traduzido para o título de S. Sisto e lá enterrado. Seu túmulo tem uma inscrição simples que ele mesmo compôs.

Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Bento XIII

Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti


Savjet za financiranje znanstvene djelatnosti i visokog obrazovanja, stručno tijelo u Republici Hrvatskoj Nacionalnog vijeća za znanost i Nacionalnog vijeća za visoko obrazovanje. Savjet čini petnaest članova i to tako da su u njemu tri člana sa znanstvenih instituta, šest članova sa sveučilišta, dva člana s veleučilišta, dva predstavnika sindikata te dva predstavnika koje u Savjet imenuje ministar. Članove zajednički imenuju Nacionalno vijeće za znanost i Nacionalno vijeće za visoko obrazovanje većinom ukupnog broja glasova obaju tijela na temelju prijedloga Rektorskog zbora, Vijeća veleučilišta i visokih škola, javnih znanstvenih instituta, sveučilišta, veleučilišta i visokih škola te Ministarstva i sindikata. Mandat članova Savjeta traje četiri godine.

Izvori

Znanost i tehnologija u Hrvatskoj


Bomonti Bira Fabrikası, adını İstanbul'un en eski semtlerinden biri olan Bomonti'ye adını vermiş olup Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda modern bira üretim tekniği ile imalata başlamış olan ilk bira üretim tesisidir. Sahibi, Efes Pilsen'dir.

1839 senesi sonrasında Batı'ya açılma sürecinde, bira Osmanlı'ya üretim safhasında dahil olmuştur. Biranın 1840'ların öncesinde tüketildiği ve üretildiği söylenebilir. 1840'lı yıllarda ise, birahaneler açılmaya başladı. Osmanlı'da bira üretimi 1896 yılında 12.000 hl idi (1.2 milyon litre). Bu oran hızla artmıştır ve 1913-1914 yılları arası 9.9 milyon litreye ulaşmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nde bu rakama ancak 1940'lı yıllarda ulaşılmıştır.

İsviçreli Bomonti kardeşler tarafından 1890 senesinde Feriköy'de kurulan fabrika, 1934 yılında TEKEL'e geçmiştir.

1902 yılında işletmelerini bu gün İstanbul Tekel Bira Fabrikası, eski adıyla Bomonti Bira Fabrikası'nın bulunduğu yere naklettiler. 1912'de Bomonti ve rakipleri olan Nektar Şirketleri birleşerek Bomonti-Nektar Birleşik Bira Fabrikaları şirketini kurdular.

Bomonti Bira Fabrikası ana binasına zaman içinde yeni üniteler eklenmiştir. Eklenen bu ünitelerle fabrika bugün 40 dönümlük bir arazi üzerinde yer almaktadır. Bu ünitelerden biri olan Bomonti Bira Bahçesi 1930'lu yıllarda İstanbulluların hizmetine açılmış, bu hizmeti 1950'li yıllara kadar sürdürmüştür. Fabrika 1938 yılında Tekel yönetimine girmiş, uzun bir süre sonra Efes Pilsen tarafından satın alınmıştır. 1976 yılında 37 milyon litre üretime ulaşmış fabrikada 1991 yılında üretim durdurulmuş ve boşaltılmıştır. Binayı ve arsasını alan "IC İçtaş İnşaat", 2010 yılında bu alan üzerinde yeni bir otel projesine başlamıştır. 2015 yılından itibaren bina eğlence merkezi olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Şişli'deki yapılar
Türk birası
Türkiye'deki endüstri yapıları
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan yapılar
Merkez, Şişli

Bomonti Bira Fabrikası


Steve Gawley (* um 1952) ist ein US-amerikanischer Spezialeffektkünstler.

Leben
Gawley studierte Produktdesign an der California State University. Mitte der 1970er Jahre gehörte er zu den ersten Angestellten von George Lucas' Spezialeffekt-Firma Industrial Light & Magic, der er bis 2006 angehörte. Zu Gawleys ersten Arbeiten gehörte der Modellbau für die Spezialeffekte für Krieg der Sterne, in dem Film hatte er auch eine Komparsenrolle als Sturmtruppler. Bei der Fortsetzung Das Imperium schlägt zurück arbeitete er als Vormann in der Modellbauabteilung, und bei Die Rückkehr der Jedi-Ritter leitete er die Abteilung. Auch für die später entstandenen Prequels Star Wars: Episode I – Die dunkle Bedrohung und Star Wars: Episode II – Angriff der Klonkrieger beaufsichtigte er die Modellarbeiten. Neben den Star-Wars-Filmen arbeitete er auch als leitender Modellbauer an drei Star-Trek-Filmen sowie am Pilotfilm der Fernsehserie Raumschiff Enterprise: Das nächste Jahrhundert. Zudem war Gawley an allen Zurück-in-die-Zukunft-Filmen beteiligt.

Gawley wurde 1990 für Zurück in die Zukunft II für den Oscar nominiert.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1977: Krieg der Sterne (Star Wars)
 1978: Kampfstern Galactica (Battlestar Galactica)
 1980: Das Imperium schlägt zurück (The Empire Strikes Back)
 1981: Jäger des verlorenen Schatzes (Raiders of the Lost Ark)
 1982: Star Trek II: Der Zorn des Khan (Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan)
 1983: Die Rückkehr der Jedi-Ritter (Return of the Jedi)
 1984: Star Trek III: Auf der Suche nach Mr. Spock (Star Trek III: The Search for Spock)
 1985: Zurück in die Zukunft (Back to the Future)
 1987: Raumschiff Enterprise: Das nächste Jahrhundert (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
 1989: Indiana Jones und der letzte Kreuzzug (Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade)
 1989: Zurück in die Zukunft II (Back to the Future Part II)
 1990: Jagd auf Roter Oktober (The Hunt for Red October)
 1990: Zurück in die Zukunft III (Back to the Future Part III)
 1993: Jurassic Park
 1994: Star Trek: Treffen der Generationen (Star Trek: Generations)
 1996: Mission: Impossible
 1997: Men in Black
 1999: Star Wars: Episode I – Die dunkle Bedrohung (Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace)
 2002: Star Wars: Episode II – Angriff der Klonkrieger (Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones)
 2006: Mission: Impossible III
 2006: Pirates of the Caribbean – Fluch der Karibik 2 (Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest)
 2007: Pirates of the Caribbean – Am Ende der Welt (Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End)

Auszeichnungen
 1990: Oscar-Nominierung für Zurück in die Zukunft II
 1990: BAFTA Film Award für Zurück in die Zukunft II

Weblinks

Spezialeffektkünstler
US-Amerikaner
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Mann

Steve Gawley


Jugozapadna Engleska (engleski: South West England) je jedna od 9 službenih engleskih regija u kojoj živi 5 423 303 stanovnika, na površini od 23 800 km2.

Po površini je najveća engleska regija, a po stanovništvu, zato što je najstarija.

Najveći grad regije je Bristol.

Zemljopisne karakteristike

Jugozapadna Engleska jedna je od devet službenih regija Engleske. Sastoji se od grofovija Gloucestershire, Bristol, Wiltshire, Somerset, Dorset, Devon i Cornwall uključivo s otočnom skupinom Scilly. Veliki gradovi u regiji uključuju Bristol, Bournemouth, Cheltenham, Exeter, Gloucester, Plymouth i Swindon.

Povijest

Na teritoriju te regije se u povijesti prostirala Kraljevina Wessex.

Poddioba regije

Službeno se regija sastoji od sljedećih zemljopisnih grofovija i područja lokalne uprave:

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 South West Councils

Engleske regije

Jugozapadna Engleska


El idioma inglés (endónimo: English) es una lengua germánica occidental.

English también puede referirse a:

Arte y espectáculos
Cine
 English Vinglish, película de drama dirigida por Shinde Gauri.
 Johnny English, película franco-británica de Peter Howitt estrenada en el año 2003.
 Johnny English Reborn, película de 2011 dirigida por Oliver Parker.

Danza
 English National Ballet, compañía de ballet de Inglaterra.

Música
 Bad English, supergrupo de hard rock y glam metal británico-estadounidense.
 Exit English, segundo álbum de estudio de la banda de punk rock Strike Anywhere.
 Modern English, grupo inglés de música rock.

Teatro
 English spoken, obra de teatro de Lauro Olmo, estrenada en 1968..

Empresas
 English Electric, fabricante industrial británico.
 Modelos de aeronaves fabricadas por dicha empresa:
 English Electric Canberra, bombardero de reacción de primera generación fabricado en grandes cantidades durante los años 1950.
 English Electric Lightning, avión caza británico supersónico de la Guerra Fría.

Idioma
 American English (inglés estadounidense), inglés hablado en los Estados Unidos.
 Basic English (inglés básico), lengua controlada y construida basada en la simplificación del vocabulario y la gramática de la lengua inglesa natural.
 Californian English (inglés de California), inglés hablado en California.
 Modern English (inglés moderno), lengua inglesa actual.
 Old English (inglés antiguo o idioma anglosajón), forma temprana del idioma inglés que se hablaba en buena parte de lo que hoy es Inglaterra y en el sur de Escocia entre los años 425 y 1125 aproximadamente.

Lugares

Antártida
 Costa English, porción de la costa oeste de la península antártica.

Estados Unidos
 English (Indiana), pueblo en el condado de Crawford, estado estadounidense de Indiana.
 Municipio de English (Illinois), municipio en el condado de Jersey, estado estadounidense de Illinois.
 Municipio de English (condado de Iowa, Iowa), municipio en el condado de Iowa, estado estadounidense de Iowa.
 Municipio de English (condado de Lucas, Iowa), municipio en el condado de Lucas, estado estadounidense de Iowa.

India
 English Bazar, una ciudad de la India.

Personas
 Alex English, jugador de baloncesto abilio estadounidense de la década de los 80.
 CariDee English, modelo y personalidad de la TV de ascendencia sueco-noruega.
 Carl English, baloncestista canadiense.
 Carl Schurz English, paisajista, horticultor y botánico estadounidense.
 Ellia English, actriz de cine, teatro y televisión estadounidense.
 Katreeya English, cantante, actriz y modelo inglesa.
 Mike English, baloncestista estadounidense.
 Thomas Dunn English, político estadounidense del partido demócrata.

Política
 English-only movement, movimiento político que propone el uso de la lengua inglesa como única lengua oficial en los Estados Unidos de América.a

English (desambiguación)


"Greensleeves" is a traditional English folk song. A broadside ballad by the name "A Newe Northen Dittye of ye Ladye Greene Sleves" was registered by Richard Jones at the London Stationers' Company in September 1580, and the tune is found in several late 16th-century and early 17th-century sources, such as Ballet's MS Lute Book and Het Luitboek van Thysius, as well as various manuscripts preserved in the Seeley Historical Library in the University of Cambridge.

Origin
A broadside ballad by this name was registered at the London Stationer's Company in September 1580, by Richard Jones, as "A Newe Northen Dittye of ye Ladye Greene Sleves". Six more ballads followed in less than a year, one on the same day, 3 September 1580 ("Ye Ladie Greene Sleeves answere to Donkyn hir frende" by Edward White), then on 15 and 18 September (by Henry Carr and again by White), 14 December (Richard Jones again), 13 February 1581 (Wiliam Elderton), and August 1581 (White's third contribution, "Greene Sleeves is worne awaie, Yellow Sleeves Comme to decaie, Blacke Sleeves I holde in despite, But White Sleeves is my delighte"). It then appears in the surviving A Handful of Pleasant Delights (1584) as A New Courtly Sonnet of the Lady Green Sleeves. To the new tune of Green Sleeves.

Henry VIII did not compose Greensleeves. It is a romantic myth that Henry wrote the song for his lover and future queen consort Anne Boleyn. The piece is based on an Italian style of composition that did not reach England until after Henry's death, making it more likely to be Elizabethan in origin.

Lyrical interpretation

A possible interpretation of the lyrics is that Lady Green Sleeves was a promiscuous young woman, perhaps even a prostitute. At the time, the word "green" had sexual connotations, most notably in the phrase "a green gown", a reference to the grass stains on a woman's dress from engaging in sexual intercourse outdoors.

An alternative explanation is that Lady Green Sleeves was, through her costume, incorrectly assumed to be sexually promiscuous. Her "discourteous" rejection of the singer's advances supports the contention that she is not.

In Nevill Coghill's translation of The Canterbury Tales, he explains that "green [for Chaucer's age] was the colour of lightness in love. This is echoed in 'Greensleeves is my delight' and elsewhere."

Alternative lyrics
Christmas and New Year texts were associated with the tune from as early as 1686, and by the 19th century almost every printed collection of Christmas carols included some version of words and music together, most of them ending with the refrain "On Christmas Day in the morning". One of the most popular of these is "What Child Is This?", written in 1865 by William Chatterton Dix.

Early literary references
In Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor (written c. 1597; first published in 1602), the character Mistress Ford refers twice to "the tune of 'Greensleeves'", and Falstaff later exclaims:

These allusions indicate the song was already well known at that time.

Form

"Greensleeves" can have a ground either of the form called a romanesca; or its slight variant, the passamezzo antico; or the passamezzo antico in its verses and the romanesca in its reprise; or of the Andalusian progression in its verses and the romanesca or passamezzo antico in its reprise. The romanesca originated in Spain and is composed of a sequence of four chords with a simple, repeating bass, which provide the groundwork for variations and improvisation.

Uses of the tune

 The tune was used (as "My Lady Greensleeves") as the slow march of the London Trained Bands in the 16th and 17th centuries. Later the 7th (City of London) Battalion London Regiment, which claimed descent from the Yellow Regiment of London Trained Bands, adopted the tune as its quick march during World War I, replacing "Austria" (to the same tune as Deutschland über Alles), which had been used until then.
 Greensleeves is the tune for the classic Christmas carol What Child Is This?.
 The 17th century English ballad, Old England Grown New is a version of "Greensleeves", also sometimes known as 'The Blacksmith' after another broadside ballad of the time.
 Ralph Vaughan Williams incorporated Greensleeves as the song Alas, My Love, You Do Me Wrong for Mistress Ford in Act III of his 1928 opera Sir John in Love. Its contrasting middle section is founded on another folk tune: Lovely Joan. In 1934 the song was arranged for strings and harp, with Vaughan Williams's blessing, by Ralph Greaves (1889–1966); this is the familiar Fantasia on Greensleeves.
 Gustav Holst incorporated the tune into the final movement of his Second Suite in F for Military Band, interwoven with the primary theme, "Dargason". He later adapted the movement for strings, still using both folk tunes, in his St Paul's Suite.
 The tune was the basis for "Home in the Meadow," a recurring song throughout the 1962 epic film How the West Was Won.
 In some parts of the world the "Greensleeves" tune is popular as a standard chime for ice cream vans.
 Belgian singer Jacques Brel used the tune for the basis of his 1964 song Amsterdam.
 Instrumental versions of "Greensleeves" were used in the long-running original Lassie television series, both in a seven-part 1966 story and as the show's theme song for its last three seasons (1970-73).

References

External links

  Public domain music recording

 Transcription of the lyrics from A Handful of Pleasant Delights (1584)

 Andrew Kuntz, The Fiddler's Companion: see under Greensleeves [2]
 Greensleeves  on TradTune.com

1580 works
English folk songs
16th-century songs
Folk ballads
Glen Campbell songs
Hymn tunes
William Ballet's Lute Book

Greensleeves


137 (CXXXVII) pazartesi günü başlayan bir yıldır.

Olaylar
 Palmira'da vergi hukukuna ilişkin ilk düzenlemeler yürürlüğe girdi.

Doğumlar
 Didius Julianus, Roma imparatoru (ö. 193)

Ölümler
 Şehit Sofya, Hristiyan azize
 Telesphorus, papa

137


Carl David Hanniwell (-) est un homme politique canadien de l'Ontario. Il est député provincial progressiste-conservateur de Niagara Falls de 1934 à 1943 et de 1945 à 1948.

Biographie
Né à St. David's en Ontario, Carl Hanniwell sert comme conseiller de Niagara Falls. Maire de cette ville de 1938 jusqu'en 1939. Élu en 1945, il siège jusqu'en 1948. Plus tard, il siège au conseil d'administration d'Ontario Hydro au poste de vice-président.

Résultats électoraux

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1903
Député du Parti progressiste-conservateur de l'Ontario
Maire de Niagara Falls (Ontario)
Décès en avril 1969
Décès à Niagara Falls
Décès à 65 ans

Carl Hanniwell


Homosexualität ist auf St. Lucia für Männer und Frauen gesetzlich verboten. Das Gesetz gegen Homosexuelle wurde erst 2005 erneuert und wird von weiten Teilen der religiös-konservativen Bevölkerung befürwortet. Die staatlich sanktionierte Homophobie fördert die Diskriminierung und Aggressivität gegenüber Homosexuellen und zwingt LGBT-Menschen in den Untergrund.

Illegalität
Auf St. Lucia wird Analverkehr nach § 133 des Criminal Code Nr. 9 seit 2005 mit einer Freiheitsstrafe von bis zu zehn Jahren bestraft. § 132 sieht eine Bestrafung für alle anderen gleichgeschlechtlichen sexuellen Handlungen zwischen Männern, ebenso wie zwischen Frauen, mit Gefängnis von bis zu 5 Jahren vor. Heterosexuelle Handlungen sind ausdrücklich von einer Bestrafung ausgenommen. Dieses eindeutig anti-homosexuelle Gesetz wurde erst 2005 eingeführt, um Homosexualität zu kriminalisieren.

Anerkennung gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare
Gleichgeschlechtliche Paare werden weder im Wege der eingetragenen Partnerschaft noch im Rahmen einer gleichgeschlechtlichen Ehe anerkannt.

Gesellschaftliche Situation
Auf St. Lucia herrschen, wie in fast allen ehemals britischen Kolonien in der Karibik, diskriminierende Gesetze und homophobe Praktiken, die verhindern, dass homosexuelle Menschen Zugriff auf die Gesundheitsdienste haben. Die Regierung des Inselstaates wurde wiederholt von Menschenrechtsaktivisten aufgefordert, die Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung von Menschen mit anderer sexueller Orientierung zu reduzieren.

Einen Vorschlag von Spanien, Frankreich, Kanada, Slowenien und der USA in 2011, dass St. Lucia gleichgeschlechtliche Handlungen zwischen mündigen Erwachsenen entkriminalisieren solle, lehnte die Regierung ab. Auch der US-Empfehlung von März 2011, Menschenrechtsverletzungen und Gewalttaten gegen Personen aufgrund ihrer sexuellen Orientierung im Land zu verhindern, sowie einen angemessenen Schutz für LGBT-Aktivisten zu gewährleisten, wurde nicht akzeptiert. Die Empfehlung werde angenommen, aber mit den §§ 89 und 97 werden bereits  alle Formen der Gewalt gegen alle Personen verurteilt und es gäbe keine bekannten Fälle von Gewalt gegen Menschenrechtsvertreter in St. Lucia.

Von Beobachtern wird das Land als "heteronormative und patriarchalische Gesellschaft, die tief in den konservativen kulturellen und religiösen Werten verwurzelt ist" definiert. Homophobie unter den gewählten Volksvertretern und innerhalb von Polizei und staatlicher Bürokratie sind häufig und Lesben sind dabei der gleichen Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung ausgesetzt wie ihre männlichen Kollegen.

St. Lucia war 2008 das einzige Mitglied der Vereinten Nationen auf dem amerikanischen Doppel-Kontinent, welches formell gegen die Erklärungen und Resolutionen der Vereinten Nationen über die sexuelle Orientierung und geschlechtliche Identität stimmte.

Siehe auch
 Gesetze zur Homosexualität
 Homophobie

Einzelnachweise

St. Lucia
Gesellschaft (St. Lucia)
Recht (St. Lucia)

Homosexualität auf St. Lucia


Cressida (; also Criseida, Cresseid or Criseyde) is a character who appears in many Medieval and Renaissance retellings of the story of the Trojan War. She is a Trojan woman, the daughter of Chryses, a Trojan priest. She falls in love with Troilus, the youngest son of King Priam, and pledges everlasting love, but when she is sent to the Greeks as part of a hostage exchange, she forms a liaison with the Greek warrior Diomedes. In later culture she becomes an archetype of a faithless lover.

Character history

The character's name is derived from that of Chryseis, a character who appears in the Iliad but has no connection with Troilus, Diomedes or Calchas. Indeed, the story of Troilus and Cressida does not appear in any Greek legends but was invented by the twelfth century French poet Benoît de Sainte-Maure in the Roman de Troie. The woman in the love triangle is here called not Cressida but Briseida, a name derived from that of Briseis, a different character in the Iliad, who again is neither related to Calchas nor involved in any love affairs with Troilus or Diomedes. Initially, after the Roman appeared, other authors who refer to the story, for example, Azalais d'Altier in her poem Tanz salutz e tantas amors and Guido delle Colonne in his Historia destructionis Troiae, continue to use names derived from that of Briseis.

It is the Italian author and poet Boccaccio who makes the decisive shift in the character's name in Il Filostrato. This poem is the first work dedicated to telling the story of the love triangle rather than to the larger tale of the Trojan War. Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde is an expanded version of the story based on Boccaccio. Several other authors then took up the tale, including the Scottish poet Robert Henryson in his The Testament of Cresseid, which 'completes' Cressida's story (left unfinished by Chaucer), and William Shakespeare in his play of the Trojan War, Troilus and Cressida.

Cressida has most often been depicted by writers as "false Cressida", a paragon of female inconstancy. As soon as she has betrayed Troilus, she has fulfilled her purpose and the men who have written about her do not mention her again. Such is the case in Benoît, Guido, Boccaccio, Chaucer and Shakespeare. Chaucer's poem, however, at least portrays a more sympathetic Criseyde showing a self-conscious awareness of her literary status: "Alas, of me until the world's end shall be wrote no good song". Henryson's treatment is unusual in that he looks at events after the end of the traditional tale. His poem takes up the repentant Cresseid's story after she has been abandoned by Diomedes and developed leprosy.

Some authors have attempted to exonerate the character by having her choose Troilus over Diomedes. Such is the case in John Dryden's rewriting of Shakespeare in an attempt at  that heap of Rubbish, under which many excellent thoughts lay bury'd". William Walton and Christopher Hassall's 1954 opera Troilus and Cressida did likewise. In both of these cases, Cressida's being true to Troilus is associated with her death as part of the concluding tragic events.

Other modern fiction has introduced further departures from the traditional narrative. Jack Lindsay's novel Cressida's First Lover: A Tale of Ancient Greece explores another area untouched in standard narratives, some of her earlier life.

Shakespeare
In Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida, we first hear of Cressida in Act 1 Scene 1. Pandarus and Troilus are discussing how the latter's unspoken love for the former's niece, Cressida, is preventing him from performing on the battlefield. She first appears in person in the following scene, speaking to her manservant before Pandarus enters. They commence into witty banter while a parade of Trojan soldiers heads past. When Troilus walks by Pandarus tries to convince Cressida of his merit, but she teases him, saying she has heard Achilles, a Grecian warrior, is far more impressive. Once Pandarus exits Cressida admits in a soliloquy that she does in fact love Troilus, but is worried about publicising it. In her own words:

She next appears in Act 3 Scene 2, when Pandarus leads her on stage wearing a veil to meet with Troilus. Pandarus then heads back "inside" and the two are left alone. Cressida struggles to practise her maxim as planned while Troilus professes his love for her. When Pandarus re-enters she eventually admits her own reciprocal love of Troilus. In a confused speech she battles with her own fate as a woman, even speaking in a collective woman's voice, revealing a greater intelligence than the male characters give her credit for:

Cressida becomes increasingly affected by her own qualities, saying 'I show more craft than love' (line 124). She begs to be allowed to leave, but Troilus and Pandarus want her to stay, so that they can marry to immediate effect. She seems to prophesise her own failings, repeating the word 'false' seven times before Pandarus 'seals' the match. In Act 4 Scene 2 we see the couple on the morning after their first night together. They are euphoric, but Cressida does not want Troilus to leave her, showing an awareness of her own vulnerability in that moment. On line 20, she says 'you men will never tarry' as he begins to contemplate leaving. Pandarus enters and cracks some jokes about how she had now lost her innocence, and Cressida is flustered. Once Troilus and Cressida are dressed, Aeneas visits in a panic to say that for the return of one of Troy's men from the Greeks, Antenor, they must trade Cressida over to Diomedes, a Greek general. Cressida becomes an object to trade, and Troilus does nothing to prevent the sad event, though he is miserable for it. In Act 4 Scene 4 Cressida is informed of the plans to trade her to the Greeks. Troilus gives her his sleeve as a love token and she gives him a glove. Their relationship becomes an inversion of Paris and Helen's. Diomedes enters and Cressida is handed over.

In the following scene we again see Cressida in a less vulnerable state. Although she is now being led through the Greek encampment by Diomedes, surrounded by men, she engages with the men, Ulysses in particular, with defensive banter. Ulysses predicts her behaviour using coarse phrases such as "sluttish spoils". Act 5 Scene 2 is the most poignant scene containing Cressida, and the most memorable. Troilus has crept into the camp and is accompanied by Ulysses, and they are watch the scene unfolding between Diomedes and Cressida unnoticed. Thersites is also present and unseen, the clown of dark humour making distasteful comments exaggerating the sexual inference of what he sees. Cressida flirts with Diomedes, yet is occasionally struck by guilt. She appears to lust after him, even giving him Troilus's sleeve as a love token, though quickly tries to retrieve it from him in a struggle, offering her own body in trade. Diomedes insists he will have both. He exits, having planned a return visit. Troilus is mad with jealousy and anger throughout the scene, but she never realises he is close by. Her final lines of the play are:

Later, we are told of things that concern her: for example, the letter Troilus receives which he tears up, and Troilus' horse which Diomedes sends to her as a prize after knocking him out of the saddle in battle.

In All's well that ends well act 2 scene 1 line 97 Lafew says: I am Cressida's uncle that dare leave two together i.e. the king and Helena who has come to cure him. Cressida's uncle serves as a go-between for Cressida and Troilus.

Contemporary criticism
Troilus and Cressida has little performance history prior to the 20th century.  Cressida's character is as isolated from framing as the rest of the story—we never know how her life ends, there is no "ever after" for her, and even her beginning is mysterious to us. She appears a witty young girl, only to become a serious, thoughtful, and thought-provoking woman in moments of reflection. Carol Rutter explores the reasons why Cressida is so fascinating. She writes "[...] the challenge Shakespeare constructs for this play is to put before us a Cressida, who, like the fair (but dark) lady of the sonnets is, in Eve Sedgwick's memorable term, 'oxymoron militant', a genuine contradiction."

Rutter has much to say on Cressida's self-awareness. Firstly, that Cressida is unique, that she "is something entirely, radically new, the woman who behaves like a man, who betrays the man," secondly, that, "two voices seem to be speaking [...] Where has Cressida learnt this 'instruction'? [...] the speech is neurotic, pragmatic, anti-romantic – yet its form is a sonnet [...] it discloses strategic schizophrenia [...] by this agenda, to win at love, a woman must play false, act double. She must separate instinct from sexual performance [...]".

Juliet Stevenson commented in Rutter's book Clamorous Voices that such roles inspire an actor to "react against the way tradition and prejudice have stigmatised them – Cressida the whore [...] every time they're judged you feel protective. Perhaps too protective. So you might end up playing a Cressida who is above reproach."

The main question as regards Shakespeare's Cressida is centralised around whether she is simply a "whore", or if she is more complex, and worth further attention due to her obvious intelligence and duality.

In popular culture

In "The Myth Makers", a 1965 storyline by  Donald Cotton in the time-travel–based British science fiction television series Doctor Who, the character Vicki (played by Maureen O'Brien), a teenaged travelling companion of the Doctor, meets Priam, King of Troy who, disliking her name, dubs her Cressida. During the course of the story, Vicki/Cressida falls in love with Priam's son Troilus, and after the fall of Troy elects to stay with Troilus and rebuild the city. The story inverts the traditional fates of Troilus and Cressida, a change made to facilitate the departure of the Vicki character (and actress O'Brien) from the series.

The name Cressida is sometimes given, as a literary allusion, as a first name to faithless characters. In his 1969 novel Clean Straw for Nothing George Johnston's wife Charmian Clift is the basis for the character Cressida Morley; academics Paul Genoni and Tanya Dalziell suggest in their 2018 book Half the Perfect World that it was the impending publication of Johnston's novel, which Clift knew would lay bare her infidelities whilst on the island of Hydra, which prompted her to suicide in 1969.   In the 2005 movie Hitch, a flashback scene shows the character of Cressida Baylor (played by Robinne Lee) betray the fidelity of the main character Hitch (played by Will Smith), thus negatively affecting his judgement and attitude toward love and women.

The progressive rock band Cressida is named after the character.

The Toyota Cressida, a mid-size car manufactured until 1992, was named after the character.

References

Characters in poems
Female Shakespearean characters
Troilus and Cressida
Medieval literature
Trojans
Women of the Trojan war

Cressida


An Dendrophylax funalis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Olof Swartz, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni George Bentham och Robert Allen Rolfe. An Dendrophylax funalis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrophylax, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Jamaica. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Dendrophylax

Dendrophylax funalis


Sultanija Mahidevran bila je druga žena sultana Sulejmana I. Veličanstvenog.

O životu Mahidevran prije udaje poznato je jako malo. Njeno etničko porijeklo nije potpuno poznato. Smatra se da je porijeklom s Kavkaza ili s područja današnje Albanije. Bila je kći kabardejskog princa Mirze termuka i njegove žene Nazan. Rođena je 1498. ili 1500. Prije nego što je ušla u Prinčev harem zvala se Malhub Baharaj. Podarila mu je petero djece, tri sina, od kojih je samo Mustafa preživio, i dvije kćeri Razije i Fatma koje su preživjele. Imala je lijep život dok u harem nije došla Rokselana koja je rodila Sulejmanu šestero djece i uspjela ga nagovoriti da je oženi čime je narušila Mahidevranin status. Kada je Mustafa stasao morao je otići u sandžak Manisa (prema Turskoj tradiciji svi su prinčevi suobavljali dužnost sandžačkog upravnika), Mahidevran je morala krenuti s njim. Godine 1553. Sultan je naredio da se Mustafa ubije. Budući da je princ napisao pismo iranskom šahu Tampasu da želi svrgnuti oca s prijestolja. Mahidevran je otišla u Bursu gdje je živjela u bijedi.

Sulejmanova vladavina

U istanbulskom haremu imala je jako utjecajna rivala, Haseki Hurem Sultaniju, koja se ubrzo pokazala kao Sulejmanova omiljena supruga kao i žena u braku. Hurem je rodila prvog sina Mehmeda 1521. (koji je umro 1543.), a potom Selima (budući sultan Selim II.) 1524. uništavajući Mahidevranin status kao majke jedinog Sulejmanovog sina. Rivalstvo između dvije žene djelomično je potisnula sultanija Ajše Hafsa, majka sultanija (Sulejmanova majka), ali, poslije njezine smrti 1534., ljuto rivalstvo postalo je očigledno. Situacija se pogoršala kada su se dvije žene potukle, a Mahidevran istukla Hurem. Ovo je razljutilo Sulejmana pa je ubrzo poslije toga poslao Mahidevran da živi sa svojim sinom.

Prema osmanlijskoj tradiciji, svi su prinčevi morali raditi kao sandžački upravnici. Mustafu su poslali da bude upravnik sandžaka Manisa pa je Mahidevran prema tradiciji morala da otići s njim. Kako se bližio kraj Sulejmanovoj vladavini, rivalstvo između njegovih sinova postajalo je sve ljuće. Osim toga, Hurem i veliki vezir Rustem Paša, okrenuli su ga protiv Mustafe pa je Mustafa optužen za izazivanje nemira. Tijekom kampanje protiv Safavidske Perzije 1553., Sulejman je naredio da se Mustafa ubije.

Izvori

Osmansko Carstvo

Sultanija Mahidevran


An Asphodeline brevicaulis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Antonio Bertoloni, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Jacques Étienne Gay och John Gilbert Baker. An Asphodeline brevicaulis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Asphodeline, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 A. b. brevicaulis
 A. b. druzorum
 A. b. edumea

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Asphodeline

Asphodeline brevicaulis


Waitangi es el puerto y asentamiento principal en las Islas Chatham. Se localiza al sur de la Bahía Petre, en la costa oeste de la isla principal. Cuenta con 750 habitantes aproximadamente.

Aeropuerto
A unos 19 km del pueblo se encuentra el Aeropuerto Tuuta, que conecta las Islas Chatham con el resto de Nueva Zelanda.

Enlaces externos
Información del sitio
Islas Chatham 1998
Fotografía de Waitangi, c1920

Puertos de Nueva Zelanda
Localidades de las Islas Chatham

Waitangi (Islas Chatham)


PORTA33 — Associação Quebra Costas Centro de Arte Contemporânea
Fundada no Funchal, Ilha da Madeira, em 1989. É uma associação cultural privada, sem fins lucrativos, declarada de Utilidade Pública conforme resolução do Conselho do Governo Regional da Madeira. Está sediada num edifício no centro do Funchal (número 33 da Rua do Quebra-Costas).

Historial
A PORTA33 é um projeto de produção de arte contemporânea. Convida os artistas a realizarem exposições inéditas e, sempre que possível, a partir das vivências por eles experimentadas na Madeira. É também um projeto de divulgação. Organiza colóquios sobre o trabalho dos artistas, promove visitas guiadas às exposições em colaboração com a comunidade escolar e mantém um centro de documentação de cultura contemporânea.

Desde 2000, a PORTA33 desenvolve um programa de residências. Este programa pretende efetuar uma ligação entre os artistas convidados a residir durante um período de tempo na Madeira, e as determinantes sócio-culturais e paisagísticas locais, imprimindo uma especificidade de lugar ao trabalho produzido. O programa tem possuído uma segunda vertente: o de convite a curadores, procurando um similar resultado.

Entre 2007 e 2009, correspondendo à proposta da Coleção Madeira Corporate Services (e na sequência da sua primeira exposição realizada em 2005 na PORTA33), estiveram aqui em depósito parte significativa das obras do seu espólio. Esta proposta constituiu a natural continuação do trabalho neste campo, já desenvolvido pela PORTA33 desde 1990, onde sempre existiu lugar para apresentar as evoluções recentes do desenho.

Sendo uma instituição sem fins lucrativos, a PORTA33 mantém uma atividade lateral como galeria de arte, opção que permite estimular o colecionismo de arte contemporânea com parâmetros de qualidade. Esta atividade comercial contribuí para financiar alguns dos custos fixos da instituição.

Em 2009, por ocasião da celebração do vigésimo aniversário, a PORTA33 instituiu uma Bolsa de Estudo anual para um jovem artista nascido e residente na Região Autónoma da Madeira. Financiada pelas receitas da atividade, a Bolsa de Estudo funciona como complemento ao ensino oficial e tem como objetivo a integração do bolseiro no meio artístico.

Missão
A PORTA33 enquanto lugar-laboratório de formação e criação visa a articulação Realização Humana-Desenvolvimento Sustentável, pelo implemento de múltiplas práticas artísticas e pedagógicas enraizadas no território e na sua comunidade. Focadas nas especificidades do Arquipélago da Madeira e das suas populações, os públicos específicos disponíveis e as necessidades locais, as nossas iniciativas, usando a memória e o potencial do lugar, têm permitido uma efetivação mais adequada do poder social, educativo e cívico das artes.

Com tais objetivos a PORTA33 fomenta o espírito crítico nas práticas que promove, aproximando pessoas de todas as áreas e idades que consolidam os laços entre os habitantes e o território em que vivem através da mais nobre das atividades a aprendizagem, educando para a cidadania, para a transformação social, para o bem-estar coletivo, colocando a dimensão artística e patrimonial ao serviço da Educação.

E a PORTA33, que sempre ocupou um lugar muito importante na cidade, é cada vez mais reconhecida como uma plataforma de afetos, de produção de conhecimento e de reflexão." As atividades surgem assim impregnadas de elementos que denunciam a relação que cada autor mantém com o lugar que o acolhe. São criações únicas, que, fora deste contexto físico-psíquico, jamais se desenvolveriam, aprofundando o diálogo e a relação afetiva com o lugar, procurando e abrindo frestas para o florescimento de novos diálogos e novas relações. Na PORTA33, as criações individuais valem, além da sua linguagem e significado, enquanto experiência coletiva, constituindo-se como fonte de conhecimento, auto-conhecimento e inquietação. É desta forma que estamos a cumprir o nosso desígnio: através da arte e do pensamento, estabelecer vínculos orgânicos e dinâmicos com a cidade do Funchal, com resto do território, nas suas múltiplas dimensões, e com todos os seus habitantes e visitantes, sem esquecermos as pontes com o espaço continental, traduzidas em tantas iniciativas que têm migrado de cá para lá e de lá para cá, num exercício de permanente e profícuo diálogo entre as duas margens.

Em suma, formar e propagar uma consciência pulsante sobre o(s) lugar(es), nas dimensões histórica, artístico-cultural, ecológica, sociológica, filosófica e poética. Comunicar com a comunidade, fomentando, mediante um programa de atividades, um sentimento de pertença em relação ao território é um dos principais objetivos inscritos na missão assumida pela PORTA33. Uma vez mais, é de envolvimento [profundo e multiforme] que falamos, sendo nesse sentido que se desenvolve, por inteiro e firmemente, a nossa atual estratégia de atuação.

Em 2020, no Dia da Região Autónoma da Madeira, por deliberação do Governo Regional foi-lhe atribuída a Insígnia Autonómica de Distinção, que celebra as entidades de mérito ao serviço desta Região Autónoma e das suas Comunidades. Ainda em 2020, a PORTA33 foi também distinguida com o Prémio Educação Artística 2020, prémio instituído pela Direção Regional da Educação em parceria com o Conservatório — Escola Profissional de Artes da Madeira.

Escola do Porto Santo

A 16 de Julho de 2019, o Município do Porto Santo, em protocolo de cedência de espaço municipal, cedeu a Escola Primária da Cidade Vila Baleira à PORTA33, por um prazo de 10 anos.

A Antiga Escola Primária da Vila Baleira, também conhecida como "Escola da Vila" pelos seus habitantes, projetada pelo arquiteto Raúl Chorão Ramalho, no final dos anos 50 do século XX, é um exemplo excecional na história da Arquitetura Moderna em Portugal. Distinguiu-se, à data da sua edificação, pela qualidade, inovação e autenticidade arquitetónica, pela tipologia e linguagem que contrariou os modelos-tipo do Plano de Escolas do Centenário em vigor, desafiando os campos da pedagogia na época.

A Escola é o ponto partida e núcleo de acolhimento para todas atividades propostas.

Hoje temos o objetivo de reativar; formar/desenvolver (equipes/públicos); criar; circular; tendo a arte e a cultura como base de transformação social, interligar territórios e aumentar o diálogo (inter)cultural, para que possamos numa operação crítica, reconhecer e ampliar os valores que o contexto da ilha apresenta.

A acção da PORTA33 para a Escola do Porto Santo  distingue-se por propor um projeto integrador de todas componentes de reativação e revitalização da Antiga Escola, do ponto de vista arquitetónico do edificado, mas também por ambicionar reativar o seu papel pedagógico e social no território e na comunidade.

As salas de aula da Antiga Escola, tirando partido do excelente clima local, estendem-se amplamente a pátios ora exteriores, ora cobertos por grandes palas, potenciando atividades de domínios extraordinários. A sua tipologia inovadora inspira hoje um programa-laboratório que aspira estimular a contemplação, o lúdico, a descoberta, a responsabilidade e a liberdade, promovendo a formação dos afetos, a relação com o corpo, o reconhecimento da autonomia, a capacidade de lidar com desafios, o prazer em aprender.

Todo o programa de atividades, assim como a reorganização proposta do espaço, atenta e cuida o valor identitário do edifício material e imaterial, artístico e tecnológico, pretendendo captar e preservar o seu carácter original e as memórias nele conservadas, resgatando e recuperando, sempre que possível, características desaparecidas.

A originalidade do projeto reside ainda no facto de este nascer num contexto único de uma região ultraperiférica do espaço europeu, enquanto centro artístico e interdisciplinar, que promoverá a mobilidade artística para uma zona insular, através do seu amplo programa, contrariando desigualdades e promovendo a emancipação e sinergia entre o popular e o erudito, o tradicional e o contemporâneo.

Cremos que o Porto Santo oferece e potencia ainda possibilidades únicas para a realização humana e prevemos descodificar, partilhar, trabalhar, cruzar linguagens artísticas universais e saberes locais autênticos.

Direcção
Desde 1990, a PORTA33 é dirigida por Cecília Vieira de Freitas e Maurício Pestana Reis, seus mentores, sendo ambos responsáveis pela programação e estratégias de financiamento, promoção e demais encargos.

Arte

Porta33