The Cessna O-1 Bird Dog is a liaison and observation aircraft. It was the first all-metal fixed-wing aircraft ordered for and by the United States Army following the Army Air Forces' separation from it in 1947. The Bird Dog had a lengthy career in the U.S. military, as well as in other countries.

Design and development
The U.S. Army was searching for an aircraft that could fly over enemy locations to collect information related to artillery fire target locations and distances, as well as perform liaison duties, and preferably be constructed of all metal, as the fabric-covered liaison aircraft used during World War II (primarily Stinson and Piper products) had short service lives. After the specification for a two-seat liaison and observation monoplane was issued the Cessna Aircraft Company submitted the Cessna Model 305A, a development of the Cessna 170. The Cessna 305A was a single-engine, lightweight, strut-braced, high-wing monoplane with a tailwheel landing gear.

The greatest difference from the Cessna 170 was that the 305A had only two seats, in tandem configuration (the largest tandem-seat aircraft Cessna ever produced), with angled side windows to improve ground observation. Other differences included a redesigned rear fuselage, providing a view directly to the rear (a feature later dubbed "Omni-View", carried over to Cessna single-engine aircraft after 1964), and transparent panels in the wings' center-section over the cockpit (similar to those found on the Cessna 140 and the later Cessna 150 Aerobat model), which allowed the pilot to look directly overhead. A wider door was fitted to allow a stretcher to be loaded.

The U.S. Army awarded a contract to Cessna for 418 of the aircraft, which was designated the L-19A Bird Dog. The prototype Cessna 305 (registration N41694) first flew on 14 December 1949, and it now resides in the Spirit of Flight Center in Erie, Colorado. Deliveries began in December 1950, and the aircraft were soon in use fighting their first war in Korea from 1950 through 1953. An instrument trainer variant was developed in 1953, later versions had constant speed propellers, and the final version, the L-19E, had a larger gross weight.

Around 1950, U.S. Air Force (USAF) orders for sixty L-19A aircraft were diverted to the United States Marine Corps (USMC), which designated it OE-1 under the 1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system, took delivery from 1951 to 1953, and deployed the aircraft in Korea. In 1959, two L-19E aircraft transferred from the U.S. Army to the USMC were also designated OE-1. The USMC issued a requirement for a larger and faster version, prompting Cessna to adapt Cessna 180 wings and a more powerful  Continental O-470-2 engine to the aircraft, which was designated OE-2; 27 of these improved aircraft were delivered, but the sharp price increase dissuaded the USMC from future orders.

Cessna produced 3,431 aircraft; it was also built under license by Fuji in Japan.

The L-19 received the name Bird Dog as a result of a contest held with Cessna employees to name the aircraft. The winning entry, submitted by Jack A. Swayze, an industrial photographer, was selected by a U.S. Army board. The name was chosen because the role of the army's new aircraft was to find the enemy and orbit overhead until artillery (or attack aircraft) could be brought to bear on the enemy. While flying low and close to the battlefield, the pilot would observe the exploding shells and adjust the fire via his radios, in the manner of a bird dog (gun dog) used by game hunters.

Operational history

Military service
The United States Department of Defense (DOD) ordered 3,200 L-19s that were built between 1950 and 1959, entering both the U.S. Army and Marine Corps inventories.  The aircraft were used in various utility roles such as artillery spotting, front-line communications, medevac, and training.

With the adoption of the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system, the Army L-19 and Marine Corps OE were redesignated as the O-1 Bird Dog, and soon entered the Vietnam War. During the early 1960s, the Bird Dog was flown by the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF), U.S. Army, and U.S. Marines in South Vietnam and later by clandestine forward air controllers (e.g., Ravens) in Laos and Cambodia.  Because of its short takeoff and landing (STOL) and low altitude/low airspeed capabilities, the O-1 also later found its way into USAF service as a Forward Air Controller (FAC) aircraft for vectoring faster fighter and attack aircraft and supporting combat search-and-rescue operations recovering downed aircrews.

During the Vietnam War, the Bird Dog was used primarily for reconnaissance, target acquisition, artillery adjustment, radio relay, convoy escort, and the forward air control of tactical aircraft, including bombers operating in a tactical role.

Supplementing the O-1, then gradually replacing it, the USAF switched to the Cessna O-2 Skymaster and North American OV-10 Bronco, while the U.S. Marine Corps took delivery of the OV-10 to replace their aging O-1s. Both were faster twin-engine aircraft, with the OV-10 being a turboprop aircraft. Still, the U.S. Army retained the Bird Dog throughout the war with up to 11 Reconnaissance Airplane Companies (RACs) deployed to cover all of South Vietnam, the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), and the southern edge of North Vietnam. Its quieter noise footprint, lower speed, tighter maneuverability, short runway ability, and better visibility (even to the rear) kept it highly valued by the ground units it supported and highly feared by enemy units it flew over. The last U.S. Army O-1 Bird Dog was officially retired in 1974.

During the Vietnam War, 469 O-1 Bird Dogs were lost to all causes. The USAF lost 178, the USMC lost 7, and 284 were lost from the U.S. Army, RVNAF, and clandestine operators. Three Bird Dogs were lost to enemy hand-held surface-to-air missiles (SAMs).

Two O-1 Bird Dogs were loaned to the Australian Army's 161 Reconnaissance Flight operating out of Nui Dat in Phuoc Tuy Province. One was lost to ground fire in May 1968, killing 161's commanding officer. Another Bird Dog was built by this unit's maintenance crew, using aircraft sections salvaged from dumps around Vietnam. It was test-flown and later smuggled back to Australia in pieces, contained in crates marked as "aircraft spares". This aircraft now resides in the Museum of Army Flying at the Army Aviation Center at Oakey, Queensland.

As the USAF phased out the O-1 in favor of the O-2 and OV-10, many O-1s in the United States were sold as surplus. During the 1970s and 1980s, Ector Aircraft remanufactured many as the Ector Mountaineer with their original powerplants and as the Ector Super Mountaineer with the Lycoming O-540-A4B5.

Civil Air Patrol service
In the early 1970s, as the O-2 Skymaster and OV-10 Bronco replaced the O-1 in frontline USAF service, several former USAF O-1s were turned over to the USAF's civilian auxiliary, the Civil Air Patrol (CAP), for duties such as aerial search in support of domestic search and rescue (SAR) operations. However, since very few CAP pilots had prior training and experience as professional military aviators and/or significant experience with tailwheel aircraft, many CAP O-1 aircraft were damaged in ground loops and other takeoff, landing, or taxiing mishaps.

To reduce both risk and repair costs, the USAF directed CAP that all O-1 aircraft in CAP service be eventually replaced for safety reasons by single-engine tricycle-gear civilian Cessnas common to general aviation, primarily Cessna 172 and Cessna 182 aircraft. The only O-1 remaining in the CAP inventory is a permanent static display aircraft on a pylon in front of CAP Headquarters at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.

Civilian use

Many former USAF and former CAP O-1 and L-19 aircraft were sold to private owners as recreational aircraft. In contrast, others went to museums where they are usually displayed in their military combat markings. Others found their way to glider clubs in the U.S. as a reliable and robust vehicle to tow gliders into the air. As with most aircraft used for glider towing, the aircraft has also been outfitted with mirrors mounted to the struts.

In Canada, the Royal Canadian Air Cadets use former CAF L-19 aircraft equipped with a towing rig to tow their Schweizer 2-33A gliders for the Air Cadet gliding program. These particular L-19 variants are used in the Atlantic, Eastern, and Pacific regions. They have been modified for noise reduction using a smaller-diameter, four-blade Hoffman composite propeller in all regions except the Pacific Region and exhaust modification. The fuel delivery system has also been modified from the original design, placing the fuel selector valve closer to the pilot. The L-19/O-1 is a popular warbird with private pilots.

In the U.S., the Franconia Soaring Association in Franconia, N.H., uses an O-1, tail number N4796G, to tow its gliders, including Schweizer SGS 1-26 gliders and Grob G103 Twin Astir and Pilatus B4-PC11 sailplanes, as of July 2012.

As of June 2009, more than 330 were registered with the Federal Aviation Administration. Others are owned and operated outside the U.S. by individuals and flying organizations.

Notable flights

American television personality and actor Ed McMahon was a Marine Corps aviator who piloted an O-1E during the Korean War, flying 85 combat missions and earning six Air Medals in 1953.

Captain Sidney Harrison, U.S. Army, a decorated veteran of World War II and the Korean War, crashed his Cessna O-1 on a flight from Wichita, Kansas, to Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado, in 1952. The wreckage is still in the woods above Palmer Lake, Colorado, and can be reached by an  hike.

Captain Hilliard A. Wilbanks, USAF, posthumously received the Medal of Honor for sacrificing his life on February 24, 1967, while supporting an ARVN Ranger Battalion at Di Linh, near Da Lat, South Vietnam. After knowing their ambush had been compromised and fighter support would soon come, the Viet Cong charged into the Rangers. Trying to slow them down, Wilbanks shot the rest of his phosphorus rockets at the enemy. After he ran out of rockets, he strafed the enemy troops using his M16 rifle and fired from the side window of the plane. After the third pass, he was wounded and crashed. He died while being evacuated to a hospital using a helicopter.

On 29 April 1975, the day before the fall of Saigon during the Vietnam War, Republic of Vietnam Air Force Major Buang-Ly loaded his wife and five children into a two-seat Cessna O-1 Bird Dog and took off from Con Son Island. After evading enemy ground fire, Major Buang-Ly headed out to sea and spotted the aircraft carrier . With only an hour of fuel remaining, he dropped a note asking that the deck be cleared so he could land.

Knowing there was no room for this to happen, Midway'''s commanding officer, Captain (later Rear Admiral) Lawrence Chambers, ordered US$10 million worth of South Vietnamese Bell UH-1 Iroquois ("Huey") helicopters to be pushed overboard into the South China Sea. The Bird Dog that Major Buang-Ly landed aboard Midway is now on display at the National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. A similar aircraft was restored in the markings of the aircraft flown by Major Buang-Ly for an exhibit at the USS Midway Museum in San Diego, California.

Variants

L-19A (Cessna 305A)
Initial production version for United States Army with  Continental O-470-11, redesignated O-1A in 1962. 2,486 built
L-19-IT
L-19A converted to instrument trained. 66 converted.
TL-19A
L-19As converted to dual control trainers, redesignated TO-1A in 1962.
XL-19B
L-19A with a  Boeing XT-50-BO-1 turboprop engine, one built.
XL-19C
L-19A with a  Continental CAE XT51-T-1 turboprop engine, two built.
TL-19D (Cessna 305B)
Instrument trainer with dual controls and powered by  Continental O-470-15, redesignated TO-1D in 1962. 310 built.
L-19E (Cessna 305C)
Improved version with strengthened airframe and powered by Continental O-470-15, became O-1E in 1962. 469 built
OE-1
60 L-19As and two L-19Es delivered to USMC, redesignated O-1B in 1962.
OE-2 (Cessna 321)
Redesigned version for USMC with Cessna 180 wings,  Continental O-470-2 and modified fuselage, became O-1C in 1962, 27 built.
O-1A
L-19A redesignated in 1962
TO-1A
Redesignation of TL-19A
O-1B
OE-1 redesignated in 1962.
O-1C
OE-2 redesignated in 1962
O-1D
A number of TO-1Ds converted for forward air controller duties with the USAF.
TO-1D
TL-19D redesignated in 1962.
O-1E
L-19E redesignated in 1962.
O-1F (Cessna 305E)
Forward Air Controller conversions of the O-1D for the USAF
O-1G (Cessna 305D)
Forward Air Controller conversions of the O-1A for the USAF
CO-119
SIAI-Marchetti SM.1019
Turboprop variant for the Italian Army
Cessna 325
Agricultural variant of the Model 305 with spraybars and a hopper in an enclosed rear cockpit, four built

Operators

 Australian Army – 161 Recce Flight operated 2 aircraft during the Vietnam War. One was shot down on 23 May 1968, killing the flight's commanding officer, Major George Constable. The aircraft was replaced and continued in service until 161 withdrew from Vietnam. A second plane, Bunny 2, was assembled from pieces scrounged by unit members, flown then disassembled and smuggled back to Australia as "spare parts" where it was assembled and flown.

 Austrian Air Force

 Brazilian Air Force

 Khmer Air Force

 Royal Canadian Air Force
 Canadian Army
 Royal Canadian Air Cadets

 Chilean Air Force

 French Army

 Indonesian Air Force

 Iraqi Air Force

 Italian Army

 Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force
 Kingdom of Laos
 Royal Lao Air Force

 Armed Forces of Malta Air Wing received five O-1Es from Italy in 1992.

 North Korean Air Force

 Royal Norwegian Air Force

 Pakistan Army

 Philippine Air Force
 Philippine Navy
 Philippine Army

 Republic of Korea Air Force

 Republic of Vietnam Air Force

 Spanish Air Force
 Spanish Army

 Saudi Air Force

 Republic of China Army
 Republic of China Marine Corps

 Royal Thai Air Force
 Royal Thai Army
 Royal Thai Navy

 Turkish Army

 United States Air Force
 United States Army
 United States Marine Corps
 Civil Air Patrol

 Vietnam People's Air Force (captured South Vietnamese aircraft)

Specifications (O-1E)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Adcock, Al. 0-1 Bird Dog. (Aircraft Number 87). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1988. .
 Bernard C. Nalty, Jacob Neufeld and George M. Watson, An Illustrated Guide to the Air War over Vietnam, Salamander Books Ltd, London 1982.

 Green, William and Gerald Pollinger. The Aircraft of the World. London: Macdonald, 1955.
 Harding, Stephen. U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife, 1990. .
 Robbins, Christopher. The Ravens: The Men Who Flew in the Secret War in Laos. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987. .
.
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1962–63. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company Ltd, 1962.
 Wheeler, Barry C. "World Air Forces 1974". Flight International'', 15 August 1974, Vol. 106, No. 3414. pp. 167–190.

External links

 Atlantic Canada Aviation Museum
 Warbird Alley
 Standard Aircraft Characteristics: O-1C (Navair Publication)
 Video clip: Historic footage of Cessna O-1 landing by VNAF pilot Major Buang aboard USS Midway during Operation Frequent Wind

O-1
Cessna L-19 Bird Dog
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Glider tugs
Aircraft first flown in 1949

Cessna O-1 Bird Dog


Paudex is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Lavaux-Oron. It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

History
Paudex is first mentioned in 1220 as Paudais.

Geography

Paudex has an area, , of  (depending on calculation method).  Of this area,  or 8.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 10.4% is forested.   Of the rest of the land,  or 83.3% is settled (buildings or roads),  or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 64.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 14.6%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.2%.  Out of the forested land, 6.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 0.0% is used for growing crops and 2.1% is pastures, while 6.3% is used for orchards or vine crops.  All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality was part of the Lausanne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Paudex became part of the new district of Lavaux-Oron.

The municipality is located along Lake Geneva between Pully and Lutry.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, a Bar wavy Argent, in chief a Rooster passant of the same.

Demographics

Paudex has a population () of .  , 29.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals.  Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 0.4%.  It has changed at a rate of -1.6% due to migration and at a rate of 2.4% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population () speaks French (1,174 or 83.7%), with German being second most common (65 or 4.6%) and Italian being third (45 or 3.2%).  There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.

Of the population in the municipality 187 or about 13.3% were born in Paudex and lived there in 2000.  There were 528 or 37.6% who were born in the same canton, while 249 or 17.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 399 or 28.4% were born outside of Switzerland.

In  there were 9 live births to Swiss citizens and 10 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 7 deaths of Swiss citizens and 4 non-Swiss citizen deaths.  Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 2 while the foreign population increased by 6.  There were 3 Swiss men and 12 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland.  At the same time, there were 9 non-Swiss men and 11 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland.  The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 7 and the non-Swiss population increased by 19 people.  This represents a population growth rate of 1.9%.

The age distribution, , in Paudex is; 117 children or 8.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 167 teenagers or 11.9% are between 10 and 19.  Of the adult population, 149 people or 10.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  192 people or 13.7% are between 30 and 39, 218 people or 15.5% are between 40 and 49, and 192 people or 13.7% are between 50 and 59.  The senior population distribution is 192 people or 13.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 114 people or 8.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 55 people or 3.9% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 10 people or 0.7% who are 90 and older.

, there were 587 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 632 married individuals, 84 widows or widowers and 100 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 614 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household.  There were 225 households that consist of only one person and 33 households with five or more people.  Out of a total of 626 households that answered this question, 35.9% were households made up of just one person and there were 2 adults who lived with their parents.  Of the rest of the households, there are 147 married couples without children, 191 married couples with children  There were 33 single parents with a child or children.  There were 16 households that were made up of unrelated people and 12 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

 there were 108 single family homes (or 55.4% of the total) out of a total of 195 inhabited buildings.  There were 46 multi-family buildings (23.6%), along with 32 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (16.4%) and 9 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.6%).  Of the single family homes 9 were built before 1919, while 25 were built between 1990 and 2000.  The greatest number of single family homes (24) were built between 1971 and 1980.  The most multi-family homes (11) were built between 1946 and 1960 and the next most (10) were built between 1919 and 1945.

 there were 669 apartments in the municipality.  The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 208.  There were 60 single room apartments and 167 apartments with five or more rooms.  Of these apartments, a total of 611 apartments (91.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 47 apartments (7.0%) were seasonally occupied and 11 apartments (1.6%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 0.7 new units per 1000 residents.  The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.14%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 20.16% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the SVP (19.83%), the FDP (17.79%) and the Green Party (14.1%).  In the federal election, a total of 367 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.7%.

Economy
, Paudex had an unemployment rate of 4.9%.  , there were 6 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 4 businesses involved in this sector.  122 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 7 businesses in this sector.  719 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 71 businesses in this sector.  There were 720 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.2% of the workforce.

 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 762.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 5, of which 1 was in agriculture and 3 were in fishing or fisheries.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 115 of which 103 or (89.6%) were in manufacturing and 12 (10.4%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 642.  In the tertiary sector; 376 or 58.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 0.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 34 or 5.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 8 or 1.2% were in the information industry, 4 or 0.6% were the insurance or financial industry, 21 or 3.3% were technical professionals or scientists, 8 or 1.2% were in education and 14 or 2.2% were in health care.

, there were 468 workers who commuted into the municipality and 617 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.  About 1.3% of the workforce coming into Paudex are coming from outside Switzerland.  Of the working population, 26.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.7% used a private car.

Religion
From the , 572 or 40.8% were Roman Catholic, while 484 or 34.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population, there were 25 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.78% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 30 individuals (or about 2.14% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 20 individuals (or about 1.43% of the population) who were Jewish, and 36 (or about 2.57% of the population) who were Islamic.  There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist and 4 individuals who were Hindu.  181 (or about 12.90% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 63 individuals (or about 4.49% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Paudex about 521 or (37.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 291 or (20.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).  Of the 291 who completed tertiary schooling, 50.2% were Swiss men, 24.7% were Swiss women, 15.1% were non-Swiss men and 10.0% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 113 students in the Paudex school district.  In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.  During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 665 children of which 232 children (34.9%) received subsidized pre-school care.  The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years.  There were 51 students in the municipal primary school program.  The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 60 students in those schools.  There were also 2 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.

, there were 13 students in Paudex who came from another municipality, while 178 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Notes and references

External links

  Official website

Populated places on Lake Geneva

Paudex


Universitetet besat er en film instrueret af Dino Raymond Hansen, Niels Schwalbe, Ebbe Preisler.

Handling
Reportage fra begivenhederne 9.-10. marts 1970, da studerende besatte Københavns Universitets administrationskontor.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1970

Reportagefilm fra Danmark

Universitetet besat


Pagan (bugarski Паган) bio je vladar Bugarske 767. – 768. Poznat je i kao Bojan, a bio je — prema djelu Cäğfär Taríxı — sin kana Vineha (Bunek). Naslijedio je kana Toktua — koji je ubijen — te je sa svojim dvorjanima otišao u Traciju kako bi sklopio sporazum s bizantskim carem Konstantinom V. Kopronimom. Car je rekao da želi mir, ali je također ukorio Bugare zbog toga što je njihov bivši, svrgnuti vladar Sabin, živio na bizantskom dvoru kao izbjeglica. Ipak, car se složio sklopiti sporazum te se Pagan vratio u Bugarsku.

Iznenada, Konstantin V. je izvršio invaziju na Bugarsku, ali ona nije dugo trajala. Dao je zapaliti neka mjesta blizu bugarskog glavnog grada, potom se povukavši, ali se to iznimno negativno odrazilo na samog Pagana, kojeg su podanici optužili za nesposobnost te je on morao bježati s dvora. Sluge su na kraju ubile te ga je naslijedio Telerig.

Izvori
Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov (1999). Koj koj e v srednovekovna Bălgarija.
Bugarski vladari

Pagan Bugarski


Mutluluk, TDK sözlüğünde "Bütün özlemlere eksiksiz ve sürekli olarak ulaşılmaktan duyulan kıvanç durumu, ongunluk, kut, saadet, bahtiyarlık, saadetlilik" olarak tanımlanmakta olup, şimdiye dek sayısız değişik tanımları yapılmış görece ve göreli bir kavramdır.

Mutluluk hakkında görüşler

Kimileri mutluluğu maddi alanda, kimileri manevi alanda, kimileri ise hem maddi hem manevi alanda edinilebilecek bir ruhsal hal olarak ele almışlardır. Örneğin, mutluluğun manevi alanda edinilebilecek bir hal olduğunu düşünen eski Grek düşünürleri mutluluğu erdemin ödülü olarak değerlendirmişlerdir.

Mutluluk hakkında mistisizmde, çeşitli dinlerde ve felsefi ekollerde ortaya konan görüşlerde farklılıklar genellikle şu soruların yanıtlarında toplanmaktadır:

 Mutluluk bir amaç mı, bir sonuç mu olmalıdır?
 Mutluluk, manevi değerlere mi bağlıdır, maddi değerlere mi bağlıdır?
 Maddi değerlerin edinilmesiyle edinilen geçici hal mutluluk kapsamında değerlendirilebilir mi?
 Mutluluk, kişinin diğerleri hakkındaki hareketleriyle ne derecede ilişkilidir? Diğer insanlarla birlikte yaşamayan, toplumdan yalıtılmış biri mutlu olabilir mi?
 Istırap ya da mutsuzluğu tatmamış biri mutlu olabilir mi?

Hormonların bozukluğu

Vücutta melatonin, serotonin ve endorfin hormonlarının salgılamasının mutluluk üzerinde etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu yüzden kış aylarında daha az salgılanan hormonlar nedeniyle mutluluk oranı sıcak aylara göre daha düşüktür. Kuzey kesimdeki ülkelerde intihar sayısının Ekvatoral kesimlerden fazla olmasının nedeni de budur. İklim değişiklikleri mutluluğu etkileyen faktörlerdendir.

Mutluluk hakkında anekdotlar

 "Kişinin yaşadıkça memnun ve mutlu olması için gereken şey, kendisi için değil, kendisinden sonra gelecekler için çalışmaktır. (…) Bir insan böyle hareket ederken 'benden sonra gelecekler acaba böyle bir ruhla çalıştığımı bilecekler mi' diye bile düşünmemelidir. Hatta en mutlu olanlar hizmetlerinin bütün nesillerce bilinmemesini tercih edecek karakterde bulunanlardır." (M.K. Atatürk,1937,100 ve 1937,5-277)
 "(...) Hal böyleyken, insanlar gerçek mutluluk ve kurtuluşu, ancak maddelere tapan nefislerinin hava ve hevesine tutsak olmuş iradelerine göre değer biçtikleri birtakım uydurma kurallardan beklemektedirler. (…) Maddelere ve objelere bağlı mutluluklar, doğal olarak bu cansız şeyler gibi geçicidir (fanidir) ve günün birinde onlar gibi  çökecek, yıkılıp gidecek, yok olacaklardır. Fani şeylere bağlı ve onlarla geçerli hiçbir mutluluk devamlı olamaz. Devam eden, ölmeyen bir mutluluk, ebedi (sonsuz) değerlere bağlı ve onlarla geçerli bir mutluluktur. Şu halde hakiki mutluluğun kaynaklarından birini de, ebedi olan canlı varlıklara, özellikle insan ruhlarına duyulan sevgi oluşturur. Çünkü o (sevgi) ebedidir. (...) İnsanın hakiki mutluluğunun ilk kapılarını açan sevgi; merhamet, şefkat ve yardım duygularıyla beslenir. Bu duygular mutluluk kapısının en sadık kapıcılarıdır. Bunlar izin vermeden ne gerçek sevgiye ulaşılır, ne de büyük mutluluğun kapıları açılır." (Neo-spiritüalizm'in kurucusu Dr.Bedri Ruhselman)
 "Bütün mutsuz olanlar, yalnız kendi mutlulukları peşinde koşanlardır. Bütün mutlu olanlar ise başkalarının mutlu olması için çalışanlardır." (Budizm)
 "Engelleri aşmak, varoluşun en büyük hazzıdır; bunlar ticaret ve iş yaşamındaki maddi şeylerde de olabilir, öğrenme ve bilimsel araştırmadaki düşünsel şeylerde de olabilir; bu engellerle savaşmak ve onları yenmek mutluluk verir." (Schopenhauer)
 "İnsanın gerçek varlığını bilmesi mutluluk, unutması ise elemdir." (Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj)

Ölçüm
İnsanlar yüzyıllardır mutluluğu ölçmeye çalışıyorlar. 1780'de İngiliz faydacı filozof Jeremy Bentham, mutluluğun insanların birincil amacı olduğu için, hükümetin ne kadar iyi performans gösterdiğini belirlemenin bir yolu olarak ölçülmesi gerektiğini öne sürdü.

Mutluluğu ölçmek için çeşitli ölçekler geliştirildi:

 Öznel Mutluluk Ölçeği (SHS) (ingilizce:Subjective Happiness Scale), 1999'dan itibaren küresel öznel mutluluğu ölçen dört maddelik bir ölçektir. Ölçek, katılımcıların kendilerini mutlu ya da mutsuz bireyler olarak nitelendirmek için mutlak derecelendirmeler kullanmasını ve aynı zamanda kendilerini ne ölçüde mutlu ve mutsuz birey tanımlamalarıyla özdeşleştirdiklerini sorar.
 1988 tarihli Pozitif ve Negatif Etki Çizelgesi (PANAS) (ingilizce:Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) 20 maddelik bir ankettir ve kişilik özellikleri ile olumlu ya da olumsuz etkiler arasındaki ilişkiyi "şu an, bugün, son birkaç gün, geçen hafta, son birkaç hafta, geçen yıl ve genel olarak" değerlendirmek için beşli Likert ölçeği (1 = çok az veya hiç, 5 = aşırı) kullanılır. Ek etki ölçekleri olan daha uzun bir versiyon 1994'te yayımlanmıştı.
 Yaşamdan Memnuniyet Ölçeği (SWLS), (İngilizce:Satisfaction with Life Scale) Ed Diener tarafından geliştirilen yaşam memnuniyeti'nin küresel bir bilişsel değerlendirmesidir. Bir kişinin hayatıyla ilgili beş ifadeye katılmak veya katılmamak için yedi puanlı Likert ölçeği kullanılır.
 Dünya Mutluluk Raporu'nda Cantril merdiven yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılardan, kendileri için mümkün olan en iyi yaşam 10 ve olabilecek en kötü yaşam 0 olan bir merdiven düşünmeleri istenir. Daha sonra kendi mevcut yaşamlarını bu 0'dan 10'a kadar derecelendirmeleri istenir.
 Olumlu Deneyim; Gallup tarafından yapılan bu ankette, önceki gün insanların keyif alıp almadıklarını, çok gülüp gülüp geçmediklerini, kendilerini iyi dinlenmiş hissedip hissetmediklerini, kendilerine saygılı davranılıp davranılmadığını, ilginç bir şey öğrenip öğrenmediğini veya yapıp yapmadığı sorulur. 2018'deki Paraguay ve Panama'nın başı çektiği en iyi 10 ülkeden 9'u Güney Amerika'da idi. Ülke puanları 85 ile 43 arasında değişmektedir.

2012'den beri Dünya Mutluluk Raporu yayımlanmaktadır. Mutluluk, "Bir bütün olarak hayatınızdan ne kadar mutlusunuz?" ve duygusal raporlarda, "Şimdi ne kadar mutlusunuz?" gibi değerlendirilir ve insanlar bu sözlü bağlamlarda mutluluğu uygun şekilde kullanabiliyor görünmektedir. Rapor, bu cevapları kullanarak en yüksek mutluluk düzeyine sahip ülkeleri belirler. Öznel iyi oluş ölçümlerinde birincil ayrım, bilişsel yaşam değerlendirmeleri ile duygusal raporlar arasındadır.

Birleşik Krallık, daha önceden gayri safi milli mutluluk ölçen Butan'ın ardından, 2012'de ulusal refahı ölçmeye başladı.

Mutluluğun zaman içinde oldukça istikrarlı olduğu bulunmuştur.

Mutluluğun ayrıca iş yerindeki performansı artırdığına dair ampirik çalışmalar da bulunmaktadır. 4.277 kişinin 21 ay boyunca katıldığı bir çalışmada, mutluluk ile iş yerindeki performans arasında pozitif bir korelasyon olduğu bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

Mutluluk


උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ් () මධ්‍යම භාරතයේ ප්‍රාන්තයකි. අගනුවර: ලක්නව්.

මූලාශ්‍ර

උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ්
ඉන්දියාව
ඉන්දියාවේ ප්‍රාන්ත

උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ්


EL Arroyo Colorado es un curso fluvial uruguayo que atraviesa los departamentos de  Montevideo y Canelones. También es llamado arroyo de Abel dada su escasez de agua.

Nace en la Cuchilla Grande, separa a los departamentos de Montevideo del de Canelones y desemboca en el río Santa Lucía, tras recorrer alrededor de 11 km.

Colorado
Colorado
Cuenca del río Santa Lucía (Uruguay)
Melilla (Montevideo)

Arroyo Colorado


is a Japanese former professional sumo wrestler and coach. He was the 65th man in history to reach sumo's highest rank of yokozuna, and he won 22 tournament championships between 1992 and 2001, the sixth highest total ever. The son of a popular ōzeki ranked wrestler from the 1970s, Takanohana's rise through the ranks alongside his elder brother Wakanohana and his rivalry with the foreign born yokozuna Akebono saw interest in sumo and attendance at tournaments soar during the early 1990s.

Takanohana was the youngest ever to reach the top division at just 17, and he set a number of other age-related records. He had a solid but aggressive style, looking to get a right hand grip on his opponents' mawashi and move them quickly out of the ring. He won over half his bouts by a straightforward yorikiri, or force out. In his later career he suffered increasingly from injuries, and he retired in January 2003 at the age of 30. He became the head coach of Takanohana stable in 2004 and was on the board of directors of the Japan Sumo Association from 2010 until January 2018, when he was removed and demoted in the Sumo Association's hierarchy. He resigned from the Sumo Association in September 2018.

Background
Takanohana comes from a family with a great sumo history, sometimes called the "Hanada Dynasty." His uncle Wakanohana Kanji I was a yokozuna from 1958 to 1962, and his father Takanohana Kenshi had held the second highest rank of ōzeki for a then record 50 tournaments from 1972 to 1981. Upon his retirement his father established the training stable (heya) Fujishima stable. The young Kōji Hanada had been practicing sumo since elementary school and won the equivalent of a yokozuna title in junior high school. Upon his graduation in 1988 he formally joined his father's stable. His elder brother Masaru had been planning to complete high school but dropped out so as not to lag behind his brother.

Early career

Takanohana and his brother made their professional debuts together in March 1988, with future rival Akebono also beginning his career in the same month. The two brothers had to move from the family quarters in the stable and join the communal room with all the other new recruits. They were also instructed not to refer to their parents as "father" and "mother" any more but as "oyakata" and "okamisan" (coach and coach's wife). Kōji initially wrestled under the name , and it was understood that he would only be allowed to adopt his father's shikona of Takanohana (meaning noble flower) when he reached the rank of ōzeki.

Their early career attracted much publicity, with each divisional promotion regarded by the media as part of an inevitable rise to the top ranks. Takahanada's progress was rapid and he set numerous age-related records, including the youngest ever makushita division tournament champion (16 years 9 months), youngest ever promoted to the second highest jūryō division (17 years 3 months), and the youngest ever promoted to the top makuuchi division (17 years 8 months).

In March 1991, in his fourth top division tournament, Takahanada was runner-up with twelve wins, and became the youngest ever sanshō or special prize winner, receiving awards for Fighting Spirit and Technique. In the following tournament in May 1991 he defeated veteran yokozuna Chiyonofuji in a match watched by 44 percent of the Japanese population on TV, becoming the youngest ever to defeat a yokozuna. Chiyonofuji retired two days afterwards. In January 1992, he became the youngest ever top division tournament champion (19 years 5 months). He was too young to drink the celebratory sake at the after tournament party, and had to make do with oolong tea instead. After his second championship in September 1992, followed by two good scores of 10–5 and 11–4 in the next two tournaments, he was promoted to ōzeki in January 1993, the same tournament in which Akebono was elevated to yokozuna.

During this period the two brothers created a so-called "Waka-Taka boom" and were credited with restoring sumo's popularity, particularly amongst younger audiences. Interest in sumo rose to its highest level since the era of Futabayama in the 1930s, with official tournaments (honbasho) selling out of tickets every day. Both Takahanada and his brother became sex symbols.

Promotion to yokozuna
Now known as , he was also the youngest ever to be promoted to ōzeki at 20 years 5 months. With the foreign born Akebono as sumo's only yokozuna, there was a great weight of expectation on Takanohana to make the next step up. However, his lack of consistency, and Akebono's dominance, delayed his promotion to yokozuna. He won his third championship in May 1993, but lost a playoff to Akebono in the following tournament in July, and even produced a make-koshi or losing record of 7–8 in November. In 1994, a year in which Akebono suffered several injury problems, Takanohana won the January and May tournaments, but was then outshone by Musashimaru, who won in July with a perfect 15–0 record. After taking the September 1994 championship, Takanohana now had six top division titles, but none had been won consecutively. No previous wrestler had ever accumulated so many titles before reaching sumo's highest rank. The Sumo Association nominated him for yokozuna after the September tournament, but the Yokozuna Deliberation Council failed to endorse it by the required two-thirds majority, the first time this had happened in twenty five years. They insisted that two consecutive championships were required, having demanded the same of Akebono before his promotion. After changing the spelling of his shikona in November 1994, Takanohana at last managed to win two consecutive tournaments, with his second consecutive unbeaten 15–0 score, and his promotion was confirmed. He had been at the ōzeki rank for 11 tournaments, or nearly two years. However, at 22 years and 3 months, he was still the third youngest yokozuna ever at the time.

Yokozuna career

1995–1997
Takanohana's total of seven tournament championships by the start of 1995 was the same as the total won by Akebono, who had reached the yokozuna rank two years before him. However, Takanohana now pulled ahead of his rival. He was at his peak as a yokozuna between 1995 and 1997, during which time he won 11 of the 17 tournaments he entered, finishing runner-up in the other six. He produced two more perfect scores of 15–0, in September 1995 and September 1996. Overall he won 80 out of 90 bouts he fought in 1995, 70 out of 75 in 1996, and 78 out 90 in 1997, far ahead of any other wrestler. In three of the tournaments Takanohana did not win during this period, he was defeated by stablemates in playoffs: once to Wakanohana and twice to ōzeki Takanonami. Sumo rules prevent wrestlers from the same heya meeting in regular tournament bouts (playoffs excepted) which meant Takanohana avoided not only his brother and Takanonami but also sekiwake Akinoshima and Takatōriki. The merger of his father's Fujishima stable with his uncle's Futagoyama stable in 1993 had added even more top division wrestlers to this list, giving him an advantage over Akebono, who had to face them all. By September 1996 Takanohana had won 15 tournament championships, and was still only 24 years old. However, after sitting out the first tournament of his career in November 1996 due to a back injury suffered on a regional tour, he put on more weight and began to be more susceptible to injury and illness.

1998–2000
Takanohana was affected by a liver disorder in the first half of 1998, which caused him to withdraw from the January 1998 tournament and miss the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics in Nagano (his place was taken by Akebono). He pulled out of the March 1998 tournament as well and was still below his best in May. Shunning the traditional treatment methods available from his stable, he turned instead to a physical therapist called Tashiro Tomita, who had a considerable influence over him. He became increasingly isolated from his father and brother, with his father claiming Takanohana had been "brainwashed" by Tomita. Despite his brother's promotion to yokozuna that year, creating the first ever sibling grand champions, the two were barely on speaking terms. Takanohana recovered to win the July and September 1998 tournaments, and was runner-up that November. In 1999, however, he was even more badly affected by injuries, including a dislocated shoulder, and managed only one score in double digits all year.

After making peace with his family, Takanohana regained some of his consistency in 2000, although he was temporarily sidelined by an elbow injury suffered in the July tournament. His brother had retired in March, and several other members of his stable were now past their best. With Akebono dominant once more, his best results that year were two runner-up performances.

2001–2003
Takanohana won his first tournament in over two years in January 2001, winning his first fourteen bouts and then defeating fellow yokozuna Musashimaru in a playoff on the final day. He won his final championship in May 2001, again in a playoff against Musashimaru, but it came at a great cost. He had suffered serious knee ligament damage in a loss to Musōyama on the 14th day but he insisted on fighting until the end of the tournament. As a result, he then missed an unprecedented seven consecutive tournaments, undergoing surgery in Paris in July 2001 and having a lengthy recuperation after that.

Takanohana finally returned to the ring in September 2002, after the Sumo Association declared he must compete or retire. He finished behind Musashimaru on 12–3, the 16th time he had been a tournament runner-up. Considering how long he had been away, it was seen as an impressive comeback. However, he sat out the next tournament with a recurrence of the knee injury. He made another comeback in January 2003, making a late decision to compete. A shoulder injury caused him to miss two days, and after suffering successive losses to Dejima and Aminishiki he announced his retirement. He said he had no regrets and was thankful to have achieved so much in sumo. His father spoke of his relief at the decision, after seeing his son battle through so many injuries. Takanohana's record of 22 tournament championships was the fourth best in sumo history, behind only Taihō, Chiyonofuji and Kitanoumi at the time. Junichiro Koizumi, the Prime Minister, was among those paying tribute. His retirement left no Japanese born wrestlers at the yokozuna rank and was widely regarded as being the end of an era.

Takanohana's danpatsu-shiki, or official retirement ceremony, was held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan on June 1, 2003. Unusually, Takanohana allowed only 50 guests on stage to take a snip of his hair, instead of the normal 300 to 400. The ceremony, and the party held afterwards at the Imperial Hotel, were both broadcast live on Fuji TV.

Fighting style
Takanohana was largely a yotsu-sumo wrestler, favoring techniques which involved grabbing his opponent's mawashi or belt. His preferred grip was migi-yotsu (right hand inside, left hand outside his opponent). His most common winning kimarite by far was yori-kiri, a simple force out, which accounted for 52 percent of his victories. He also regularly employed uwatenage, or overarm throw, and this was the technique he used to defeat Asashōryū in the second of their two meetings, in September 2002.

Retirement from sumo

After his retirement he became an elder (or member) of the Japan Sumo Association. Because of his great achievements in sumo he was given a bonus of 130 million yen and was also made a "one generation" elder without having to purchase a share in the Association. This enabled him to keep his fighting name and he was now known as Takanohana Oyakata. With his father's health failing, he took over the operation of his training stable in January 2004, renaming it Takanohana stable. Its last sekitori, Takanonami retired shortly afterwards. During 2008, he added four new recruits to his stable, the first for several years, bringing the total number of wrestlers in his charge up to ten. These include his first foreign recruit, a Mongolian with amateur sumo experience named Takanoiwa, and two twins. In July 2012 Takanohana produced his first sekitori level wrestler when Takanoiwa was promoted to the second highest jūryō division. He won the jūryō championship in January 2013 and a year later was promoted to the top makuuchi division. Takanohana also coached Takakeishō, who reached the top division in January 2017.

Takanohana became a judge of tournament bouts in February 2004, only a year after his retirement, a role for which elders normally have to wait at least four years. After the election of the Association's Board of Directors in February 2008, the Association appointed Takanohana as , replacing former yokozuna Chiyonofuji who was elected to serve the Board as a director. For an organization that tends to follow seniority over achievement in its organization appointment, it was highly unusual for them to place a 35-year-old to such an influential position. However both former yokozuna, Kitanoumi and Chiyonofuji whom Takanohana is often compared to, served a stint as Associate Manager of Judging prior to their becoming the Board director. In February 2009 he was moved from the judging department to the jungyō (regional tour) department, a less high-profile position.

Takanohana mentioned in October 2009 that he was interested in running for a spot on the Board of Directors in the February 2010 elections, and confirmed in January that he would stand, despite the fact that this would mean opposing the two officially sanctioned candidates of the Nishonoseki ichimon or group of stables. As a result, Takanohana and six of his supporters, Ōtake (the former Takatōriki), Futagoyama (the former Dairyū), Otowayama (the former Takanonami), Tokiwayama (the former Takamisugi), Ōnomatsu (the former Masurao), and Magaki (the former Wakanohana II) left the Nishonoseki ichimon. Takanohana told a press conference, "I will leave the faction. I bid farewell to everyone in my greetings at the meeting. I have stepped into the race as a candidate." The first contested elections since 2002, they took place by secret ballot on February 1, and Takanohana was elected to the board, replacing Ōshima. Seen as a reformer, he favored revamping the current ticket sales system and improving support for ex-rikishi, as well as encouraging sumo in primary schools, raising the pay of gyōji, yobidashi and tokoyama, and making public the Sumo Association's accounts and assets. His victory was praised by the Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, who said Takanohana had let in "a new wind of change." In 2014, the JSA made the decision to recognize the Takanohana group formed from the stables ousted in 2010, as an official ichimon.

In July 2010, in the wake of a scandal involving several wrestlers admitting to illegal gambling, he denied he had connections with members of the yakuza underworld after media reports that he was seen with a mobster during a visit to Ehime Prefecture to recruit new apprentices.

Following the election of Hanaregoma as the new head of the Sumo Association in August 2010, Takanohana returned to the judging department as director of judging. At 38 he was the second youngest director of judging in the history of the Sumo Association. The following month he and his wife were awarded ¥8.47 million in damages by the Tokyo High Court over 13 articles published by the Shukan Gendai and Gekkan Gendai in 2004 and 2005 concerning match-fixing allegations and the controversy over his father's inheritance. He left the judging department once again in 2012 and became the director of the Osaka tournament.

Having reached a peak weight of  as an active wrestler, he has lost a great deal of weight since his retirement (more than retired wrestlers typically do) and is now around . In 2009 he published a book detailing his weight loss methods.

He ran for the chairmanship of the Sumo Association in 2016, but was defeated by Hakkaku Oyakata (ex-yokozuna Hokutoumi). Following this he was replaced as General Enterprises Director, seen as the third highest position in the Association's hierarchy, by Kagamiyama Oyakata, and became the jungyo (regional tour) director.

Takanoiwa affair and resignation
Takanohana was criticized for his delay in notifying the Sumo Association that Takanoiwa would miss the November 2017 tournament because of injuries allegedly sustained in an assault by the yokozuna Harumafuji at a restaurant in bar in Tottori Prefecture in late October. Takanohana reported the incident to the police but did not submit a medical certificate for his wrestler until near the start of the tournament. Takanohana refused to speak to the press about the incident or co-operate with the Sumo Association's investigation. An editorial in the Nikkei Asian Review compared his actions to "an executive withholding from top management information that could rock the company." Sumo writer Chris Gould said Takanohana was under fire for breaking sumo's code of secrecy by going to the police, whereas "in most other sports he'd be lauded as a whistleblowing hero." It was announced after a meeting of sumo elders on December 1, 2017 that Takanohana would only talk to the Sumo Association's crisis management team once the police investigation was concluded. On December 28 an emergency meeting of the board of directors recommended unanimously to dismiss Takanohana as a director for failing to promptly report Takanoiwa's injuries to the Sumo Association, and for failing to co-operate with the investigation. Their recommendation was certified by a meeting of Sumo Association councilors and external members on January 4, with Takanohana demoted two rungs in the hierarchy. It is the first time that a director has been dismissed before the end of his scheduled term. He failed to gain re-election to the board in the February 2018 elections, receiving only two votes in the ballot. The Takanohana group had selected Ōnomatsu Oyakata (the former sekiwake Masurao), as their preferred candidate and he was duly elected, but Takanohana decided to run as well. In March 2018 Takanohana was demoted again, to the lowest rank of toshiyori, due mainly to the behavior of his wrestler Takayoshitoshi, who was suspended for one tournament for punching his attendant in the dressing room after a match. He returned to the shimpan or judging committee.

On September 25, 2018 Takanohana announced his resignation from the Japan Sumo Association, after refusing to disavow the allegations in a letter of complaint that he filed with the Cabinet Office on March 9 over the Association's handling of the Takanoiwa affair. Although he withdrew the letter later that month following Takayoshitoshi's misbehavior, in August the Association demanded that he disavow what he wrote as "totally false," but he refused. He also announced that Takanohana stable will be dissolved with its wrestlers transferring to Chiganoura stable. He called his decision "agonizing and gut-wrenching" but said he could not "bend the truth and say that what was in my complaint was untrue." The JSA in response denied pressuring Takanohana to do this, or to align his stable with an ichimon, and spokesman Shibatayama said they had not yet accepted his resignation as Takanohana had not used the correct documents. They accepted Takanohana's retirement, and the closure of Takanohana stable, on October 1, 2018. He received 10 million yen for retirement and bonuses, and has been allowed to use the name "Takanohana" outside of the sumo world.

In a press conference on May 19, 2019 Takanohana announced he would be establishing the Takanohana Dojo organization to promote sumo worldwide. He also ruled out any suggestion that he would enter Japanese politics.

Relationship with family
The Hanada family had generally received very positive press coverage while Takanohana and Wakanohana were active wrestlers, with the press holding them up as the ideal Japanese family and tending to ignore any splits between them. Their different attitudes towards both sumo philosophy and the outside world had been noted, with Takanohana being regarded as somewhat aloof and reserved and Wakanahona having a warmer personality. However, upon their father's death from cancer on May 30, 2005, a bitter rift between the brothers was widely reported in the Japanese media. Takanohana felt he should be the chief mourner at the funeral as he had remained in the Sumo Association whilst his brother had left to become a TV celebrity, but the role went to Wakanohana as the elder brother, as is traditional. However, with their father reported to have left no will, it was suggested that the feud revolved around control of his estate.

Takanohana also condemned his mother for her extramarital affair, which led to her divorce from his father and exit from the stable in July 2001, and had only been rumored up to that point. She has now reverted to her old name of Noriko Fujita and published a book and appeared on TV, revealing details of life as a stablemaster's wife that are seldom heard outside the sumo world. Takanohana has rarely spoken to her since. In June 2008 he spoke of his distress at the news that she had been named as a defence witness in a civil lawsuit brought by the Sumo Association against the tabloid magazine Shūkan Gendai over allegations that his father benefited from a thrown match for the championship in 1975, saying, "she will essentially be fighting against me." He said he would take responsibility by resigning from the Sumo Association if she took the stand. In a radio interview Fujita said she would not testify, saying, "I will not drag my child down".

Marriage
In late 1992 Takanohana announced his engagement to actress Rie Miyazawa, news which sparked a similar amount of coverage to the Japanese royal wedding held that year. However the engagement was broken off the following year, reportedly because Miyazawa was seen by Takanohana's parents and the Sumo Association as being unwilling to sacrifice her career to become a regular stable wife. The role of the wife of a head coach in looking after the stable's recruits and liaising with supporter's groups is regarded as a full-time job. In May 1995 Takanohana married television announcer Keiko Kono, eight years older than him. They have a son and two daughters. His son Yuuichi is a shoemaker and radio personality who is married to the daughter of former sumo wrestler Fujinoshin. It was reported in November 2018 that Takanohana and Kono had divorced.

In September 2023, Takanohana's management office confirmed that he had married another woman in August 2023; the new spouse's identity was not disclosed.

Career record

See also
List of yokozuna
List of sumo tournament top division champions
List of sumo tournament top division runners-up
List of sumo record holders
Glossary of sumo terms
List of past sumo wrestlers

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Hanada family
Japanese sumo wrestlers
People from Suginami
Sumo people from Tokyo
Yokozuna

Takanohana Kōji


Le Mangaonuku Stream est une rivière de la région de Hawke's Bay, située dans l'est de l' Île du Nord de la Nouvelle-Zélande.

Présentation
C'est un affluent du fleuve Tukituki, qu'il rejoint tout près de la ville de Waipawa.

voir aussi

Liste des cours d'eau de la Nouvelle-Zélande

Notes et références

Cours d'eau de la région de Hawke's Bay en Nouvelle-Zélande
Cours d'eau en Nouvelle-Zélande
Hawke's Bay
Cours d'eau de la région de Manawatu-Wanganui en Nouvelle-Zélande

Mangaonuku Stream (rivière)


The Parti nationaliste du Québec was a fringe Quebec-based federal political party in Canada, that advocated sovereignty of Quebec and was founded by Parti Québécois (PQ) supporters. Its primary goal was to represent Quebec's interests in Ottawa and serve as a federal wing for the PQ.

Origins
For decades, the Social Credit Party's Quebec wing, the Ralliement créditiste, attracted many Quebec nationalists as a party that could represent Quebec's interests in the House of Commons of Canada. When Créditistes were wiped off the electoral map in 1980 federal election, the political situation seemed favourable for the growth of the Parti nationaliste.

The Parti nationaliste was a successor to the Union Populaire, a party that had little success in the 1979 and 1980 federal elections.

Beau risque
Marcel Léger, who had been the PQ Member of the provincial legislature for the district of LaFontaine since 1970 became the party's first leader on September 14, 1983. He was a former Minister of the Environment who had been dropped from the Cabinet in 1982.

In the aftermath of the 1982 Patriation of the Constitution by the federal government, PQ leader René Lévesque adopted the beau risque strategy and refused to give his blessing to Léger's efforts to establish the Parti nationaliste. Instead, Lévesque backed Brian Mulroney's pledge to have Quebec integrate the Canadian constitution in honour and dignity.

Léger resigned as leader on May 17, 1984, and was succeeded by Denis Monière, a Professor of Political Science who later founded Parti indépendantiste (1985) and is a founding member of Option nationale (2011-).

1984 election
The party ran 74 candidates in the 1984 federal election. All of them ran in Quebec districts and were defeated, including interim leader Denis Monière, who ran in the district of Duvernay.

The party conducted a very modest campaign, lacking financial and human resources. Most PQ supporters voted for the Progressive Conservative Party which won 58 out of Quebec's 75 districts and Mulroney became Prime Minister.

Decline
During the months that followed the 1984 defeat, the PQ dealt with the worst crisis of its existence. Five cabinet members, including Minister of Finance Jacques Parizeau, resigned. The PQ lost the 1985 provincial election. The PQ's misfortunes distracted the Parti nationaliste's supporters. It left them with little time available for federal politics.

Monière went on to help found the Parti indépendantiste in 1985. The Parti indépendantiste was a Quebec provincial party that aimed to attract more radical supporters of the PQ who were disappointed with the beau risque approach.

The Parti nationaliste unsuccessfully ran a candidate in the September 29, 1986 by-election in the district of Saint-Maurice. It ceased to exist soon after.

Legacy
The Parti nationaliste may have provided the groundwork for the subsequent success of the sovereigntist Bloc Québécois (BQ) in federal politics. In 1993, 54 out of the BQ's 75 candidates were elected. Three of them, Antoine Dubé, Réal Ménard and Yves Rocheleau, had run under the Parti nationaliste label nine years earlier.

See also
List of political parties in Canada
Secessionist movements of Canada

Footnotes

Federal political parties in Canada
Defunct political parties in Canada
Defunct secessionist organizations in Canada
Political parties established in 1983
1983 establishments in Quebec

Parti nationaliste du Québec


سان كليمينتي  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة أورانج، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 28 فبراير، 1928.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لسان كليمينتي في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان سان كليمينتي 49,936 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 19,395 أسرة وعدد العائلات 13,015 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 20,653 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 87.92% من البيض و0.77% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.61% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و2.64% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.14% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و5.11% من الأعراق الأخرى و2.81% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و15.89% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 19,395 أسرة كانت نسبة 32.7% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 55.6% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 7.8% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 3.7% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 32.9% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 23.4% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 7.8% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.56، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.05.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 38.0 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 24.1% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 7.2% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 31.4% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 24% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 12.8% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 102.7 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 101.3 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 63,507 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 76,261 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 51,551 دولارًا مقابل 36,528 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 34,169 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 4.6% من العائلات ونسبة 7.6% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 10.8% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 3.2% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان سان كليمينتي 63,522 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 23,906 أسرة وعدد العائلات 16,757 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 25,966 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 85.96% من البيض و0.65% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.57% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و3.67% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.14% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و5.40% من الأعراق الأخرى و3.60% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و16.85% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 23,906 أسرة كانت نسبة 34.3% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 58% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 7.9% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 4.1% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 29.9% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 21.7% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 8.2% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.65، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.11.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 39.7 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 24.4% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 7.9% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 25.9% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 28.5% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 13.2% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 50.2% ذكور و49.8% إناث.

أعلام

 كاثرين رينولدز
 غريغ لونغ
 جيري هوبر
 كول بيرجكويست
 آنا ديبالما
 ماكس بينيت
 روبرت بيج
 لون تشاني جونيور
 روبرت دودلي
 داني ويذرهولت

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1925
أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1928
تأسيسات سنة 1928 في كاليفورنيا
مدن ساحلية في كاليفورنيا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن في مقاطعة أورانج (كاليفورنيا)

سان كليمينتي (كاليفورنيا)


Die Liste der Biografien führt alle Personen auf, die in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia einen Artikel haben. Dieses ist eine Teilliste mit 93 Einträgen von Personen, deren Namen mit den Buchstaben "Jew" beginnt.

Jew

Jewa
 Jewarowski, Adolf (1909–1942), deutscher Fechter

Jewd
 Jewdokimow, Andrei Wladimirowitsch (* 1999), russischer Fußballspieler
 Jewdokimow, Grigori Jeremejewitsch (1884–1936), sowjetischer Politiker
 Jewdokimow, Iwan Wassiljewitsch (1887–1941), sowjetischer Schriftsteller
 Jewdokimow, Jegor Wiktorowitsch (* 1982), russischer Handballspieler
 Jewdokimow, Michail Sergejewitsch (1957–2005), sowjetischer Schauspieler und Gouverneur der russischen Region Altai
 Jewdokimow, Nikolai Iwanowitsch (1804–1873), russischer General
 Jewdokimow, Witali Alexandrowitsch (* 1980), russischer Eishockeytorwart
 Jewdokimowa, Natalja Witaljewna (* 1978), russische Mittelstreckenläuferin ukrainischer Herkunft
 Jewdokymow, Walerij (* 1969), ukrainischer Generalmajor und Leiter des ukrainischen Auslandsgeheimdienstes

Jewe
 Jewel (* 1974), US-amerikanische Sängerin und Schauspielerin
 Jewel, John (1522–1571), englischer Bischof von Salisbury
 Jewell, Archie (1888–1917), Mitglied der Besatzung der Titanic
 Jewell, Eilen (* 1979), US-amerikanische Songwriterin und Country- und Roots Rock-Musikerin
 Jewell, Isabel (1907–1972), US-amerikanische Schauspielerin
 Jewell, Jennyfer (* 1984), neuseeländische Schauspielerin
 Jewell, Linda (* 1953), US-amerikanische Diplomatin, Botschafterin in Ecuador
 Jewell, Lynne (* 1959), US-amerikanische Seglerin
 Jewell, Marshall (1825–1883), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Jewell, Paul (* 1964), englischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
 Jewell, Richard (1962–2007), US-amerikanischer Wachmann
 Jewell, Sally (* 1956), US-amerikanische Unternehmerin, Innenministerin der Vereinigten Staaten
 Jewell, Tyler (* 1977), US-amerikanischer Snowboarder
 Jewell, Wanda (* 1954), US-amerikanische Sportschützin
 Jewelowski, Julius (1874–1951), jüdischer Unternehmer und liberaler Politiker in Danzig
 Jewett, Charles Coffin (1816–1868), US-amerikanischer Bibliothekar
 Jewett, Charles W. (1913–2000), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Jewett, Daniel T. (1807–1906), US-amerikanischer Politiker (Republikanische Partei)
 Jewett, Elisha P. (1801–1894), US-amerikanischer Politiker, Bankier und Treasurer von Vermont
 Jewett, Frank B. (1879–1949), US-amerikanischer Physiker und erster Präsident der Bell Labs
 Jewett, Frank Fanning (1844–1926), US-amerikanischer Chemiker
 Jewett, Freeborn G. (1791–1858), US-amerikanischer Jurist und Politiker
 Jewett, Hugh J. (1817–1898), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Jewett, Joshua (1815–1861), amerikanischer Politiker
 Jewett, Luther (1772–1860), US-amerikanischer Politiker
 Jewett, Robert I. (1937–2022), US-amerikanischer Mathematiker
 Jewett, Sarah Orne (1849–1909), US-amerikanische Schriftstellerin

Jewg
 Jewgenjew, Alexander Anatoljewitsch (* 1961), russischer Sprinter
 Jewgenjew, Roman Alexejewitsch (* 1999), russischer Fußballspieler
 Jewgenow, Nikolai Iwanowitsch (1888–1964), russisch-sowjetischer Marine-Offizier, Hydrograph, Ozeanologe, Polarforscher und Hochschullehrer

Jewi
 Jewinski, Richard (1887–1984), deutscher Offizier, zuletzt Konteradmiral (W) der Kriegsmarine
 Jewison, Norman (* 1926), kanadischer Filmregisseur
 Jewitt, David C. (* 1958), britischer Astronom
 Jewitt, John R. (1783–1821), Waffenschmied und Schriftsteller

Jewk
 Jewkowa, Olga Wladimirowna (* 1965), sowjetisch-russische Basketballspielerin
 Jewkurow, Junus-bek Bamatgirejewitsch (* 1963), russisch-inguschischer Politiker

Jewl
 Jewlachow, Orest Alexandrowitsch (1912–1973), russischer Komponist
 Jewlanow, Michail Michailowitsch (* 1976), russischer Schauspieler
 Jewlaschew, Alexei Petrowitsch (1706–1760), russischer Architekt des elisabethanischen Barocks
 Jewlojew, Magomed Jachjajewitsch (1971–2008), russisch-inguschetischer Journalist
 Jewlojew, Mussa Gilanijewitsch (* 1993), russischer Ringer

Jewm
 Jewmenow, Nikolai Anatoljewitsch (* 1962), russischer Admiral und Kommandeur der Nordflotte

Jewn
 Jewna von Polozk, Tochter des Fürsten Iwan von Polozk und Ehefrau von Gediminas, Großfürst von Litauen

Jewo
 Jeworrek, Torsten (* 1961), deutscher Mathematiker, Vorstandsmitglied der Münchener Rück

Jewp
 Jewpati Kolowrat (1200–1238), russischer Krieger
 Jewplowa, Tamara Wassiljewna (* 1937), sowjetische Florettfechterin

Jewr
 Jewreinow, Iwan Michailowitsch (1694–1724), russischer Geodät, Kartograf und Forschungsreisender
 Jewreinowa, Anna Michailowna (1844–1919), russische Juristin, Publizistin und Feministin
 Jewrjuschichin, Gennadi Jegorowitsch (1944–1998), russischer Fußballspieler

Jews
 Jewsbury, Geraldine (1812–1880), britische Schriftstellerin, Zeitungsmacherin und Dichterin
 Jewsbury, Jack (* 1981), US-amerikanischer Fußballspieler
 Jewsbury, Maria Jane (1800–1833), britische Schriftstellerin und Dichterin
 Jewsejenkow, Alexander Anatoljewitsch (* 1985), russischer Eishockeyspieler
 Jewsejew, Alexei Witaljewitsch (* 1994), russischer Fußballspieler
 Jewsejew, Denis (* 1993), kasachischer Tennisspieler
 Jewsejew, Denis Sergejewitsch (* 1973), russischer Schachmeister
 Jewsejew, Sergei Wassiljewitsch (1894–1956), russischer Pianist und Komponist
 Jewsejew, Wladimir Alexandrowitsch (1939–2012), sowjetischer Ruderer
 Jewsejewa, Inna (* 1964), ukrainische Mittelstreckenläuferin
 Jewsejewa, Jekaterina (* 1988), kasachische Hochspringerin
 Jewserichin, Emmanuil Nojewitsch (1911–1984), sowjetischer Fotograf
 Jewsjukow, Andrei Alexandrowitsch (* 1986), russischer Bogenbiathlet
 Jewsjukow, Jewgeni Afanassjewitsch (* 1950), sowjetischer Geher
 Jewsjukow, Wiktor (* 1956), kasachischer Speerwerfer
 Jewstafjew, Michail Alexandrowitsch (* 1963), russischer Maler, Fotograf und Schriftsteller
 Jewstignejew, Jewgeni Alexandrowitsch (1926–1992), russischer Schauspieler
 Jewstignejew, Kirill Alexejewitsch (1917–1996), sowjetischer Jagdflieger und Held der Sowjetunion
 Jewstignejew, Witali (* 1985), kasachischer Fußballspieler
 Jewstjuchina, Nadeschda Alexandrowna (* 1988), russische Gewichtheberin

Jewt
 Jewtejewa, Nina Alexandrowna (* 1982), russische Shorttrackerin
 Jewtifejew, Pjotr Artemjewitsch (1874–1920), russischer Schachspieler
 Jewtjuchin, Georgi Witaljewitsch (* 1970), russischer Eishockeyspieler
 Jewtjuchowa, Lidija Alexejewna (1903–1974), sowjetische Prähistorikerin
 Jewtjukow, Wladimir Anatoljewitsch (* 1983), russischer Bogenbiathlet
 Jewtraw, Charles (1900–1996), US-amerikanischer Eisschnellläufer
 Jewtuch, Rafał (* 1973), polnischer Snookerspieler
 Jewtuchowitsch, Waleri Jewgenjewitsch (* 1954), russischer Offizier
 Jewtuschenko, Alexander Alexandrowitsch (* 1993), russischer Radsportler
 Jewtuschenko, Anatoli (* 1934), sowjetischer Handballtrainer
 Jewtuschenko, Jewgeni Alexandrowitsch (1932–2017), sowjetischer bzw. russischer Dichter und Schriftsteller
 Jewtuschenko, Wadym (* 1958), ukrainischer Fußballtrainer und ehemaliger sowjetisch-ukrainischer Fußballspieler
 Jewtuschenko, Wiktorija (* 1965), ukrainische Badmintonspielerin
 Jewtuschenkow, Wladimir Petrowitsch (* 1948), russischer Unternehmer

Liste der Biografien/Jew


Ulusal Kurtuluş Cephesi ( Jabhatu l-Taḥrīru l-Waṭanī; , FLN) Cezayir'deki sosyalist bir siyasi partidir. 1 Kasım 1954 tarihinde Cezayir'i Fransa'dan kurtarmak amacıyla küçük grupların birleşmesiyle kuruldu. Cezayir Bağımsızlık Savaşı sırasında başlıca milliyetçi hareketti ve 1989 yılında diğer partilerin kurulmasına izin verilmesine kadar Cezayir'in tek yasal ve iktidar partisi oldu.

Union Nationale de la Jeunesse Algérienne, partinin gençlik koludur.

Kaynakça

Ulusal Kurtuluş Cephesi (Cezayir)

Ulusal Kurtuluş Cephesi (Cezayir)


Les élections législatives françaises de 1951 se tiennent le 17 juin. Ce sont les deuxièmes élections législatives de la Quatrième République.

Mode de Scrutin

Représentation proportionnelle plurinominale suivant la méthode du plus fort reste.

Dans le territoire de la Guinée, trois députés sont à élire.

Élus

Résultats

Résultats à l'échelle du département

Articles connexes
 Liste des circonscriptions législatives du Guinée
 Liste des députés du Guinée et du Niger
 Élections législatives françaises de 1951

Notes et références

Guinée
Élections législatives en Guinée

Élections législatives de 1951 en Guinée


Los tipos móviles son unas piezas habitualmente metálicas en forma de prisma. Creadas de una aleación llamada «tipográfica» (plomo, antimonio y estaño). Cada una de estas piezas contiene un carácter o símbolo en relieve e invertido especularmente.

Historia

La invención de los tipos móviles en occidente se atribuye a Johannes Gutenberg (hacia 1440); se cree que los inventó sin conocimiento de la existencia de inventos similares ocurridos en China. La primera referencia a algún modelo de tipos móviles en la historia parece ser la del aparato inventado por el chino Bi Sheng hacia el año 1040 d. C.

Anteriormente se imprimieron en Oriente y en Europa grabados en los que una sola plancha de madera tallada era la matriz para la impresión de cada página. Cada vez que se detectaba un error había que volver a tallar toda la plancha. A partir de ahí surgieron los tipos móviles, que permitían componer una página, y si se cometía un error, únicamente había que sustituir el carácter erróneo. Dado que estos tipos permitían ser usados una y otra vez, se optó por fundirlos en metal.

Véase también
 Fundición de tipos
 Tipografia
 Matriz

Referencias

Tipografía
Impresión
Artes gráficas

Tipos móviles


13615 Manulis este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
13615 Manulis este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Palomar de Carolyn S. Shoemaker și David H. Levy. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,60 ua, o excentricitate de 0,21 și o înclinație de 12,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 13001-14000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1994
Centura de asteroizi

13615 Manulis


Zaporogkosakkerne (også Zaporizjakosakkerne, eller blot zaporozjaer; , , ) var ukrainske kosakker, der boede "på anden side" af Dnepr i området, som blev kaldt de store enge i det centrale Ukraine. I dag er det meste af dette område under vand i Kakhovskereservoiret.

Zaporizja Sitsj voksede hurtigt i 1400-tallet, da livegne bønder flygtede fra mere kontrollerede dele af Den polsk-litauiske realunion og oprettede en politisk enhed med et parlamentarisk system som styre. Fra 1500- til 1700-tallet var zaporogkosakkerne en stærk politisk og militær styrke, som udfordrede regeringsmyndighederne i Polen-Litauen, Zar-Rusland, Det osmanniske rige og den osmanniske vasalstat Krim-khanatet. Hæren gennemgik en række konflikter og alliancer med de tre magter før de kom under Det Russiske Kejserrige og til sidst blev opløst med tvang i slutningen af 1700-tallet af kejserriget. Det meste af befolkningen blev flyttet til Kuban-området i den sydlige del af Det Russiske Kejserrige. Kosakkerne spillede der en vigtig rolle i at forsvare kejserriget mod aggressive kaukasiske folkslag og til gengæld fik de forholdsvis stor frihed af zarerne.

Navnet Zaporozje kommer af beliggenheden af deres fæstning i Zaporizjzja, der betyder "landet hinsides strygene".

Eksterne henvisninger

 Zaporizhian Cossaks på Encyclopedia of Ukraine

Ukraines historie
Kosakker

Zaporogkosakker


هيروكي ياسوموتو (安元洋貴 ياسوموتو هيروكي) هو مؤدي أصوات ياباني ولد في 16 مارس 1977 في محافظة ياماغوتشي.

أدواره في التوكوساتسو
 ألترامان أورب - دون نوسترا

أدواره في الأنمي

مسلسلات أنمي تلفزيونية
 بليتش - ياسوتورا سادو
 فامباير نايت - توغا ياغاري
 فامباير نايت Guilty - توغا ياغاري
 بلاك بلاد براذرز - كاين وارلوك
 سكول رمبل - ماساكازو توغو
 سكول رمبل: الفصل الدراسي الثاني - ماساكازو توغو
 الخادم الأسود - آغني
 الخادم الأسود II - آغني
 الخادم الأسود Book of Circus - آغني
 برج درواغا: the Aegis of URUK - أوتو
 برج درواغا: the Sword of URUK - أوتو
 ناتسو نو أراشي - رجل النظارات الشمسية
 ناتسو نو أراشي! أكينايتشو - رجل النظارات الشمسية
 كيوران كازوكو نيكي - تيكا ميداريزاكي
 بيرسونا ترينيتي سول - تاييتشي أودو
 شاكوغان نو شانا II - بيفرونس
 باكانو! - المفتش بيل سوليفان
 فايري تايل - إلفمان ستراوس، زولديو
 دورارارا!! - هيروشي
 دورارارا!! ×2 المقدمة - هيروشي
 هيرويك إيج - كيليس
 حفيد نوراريهيون - آوتابو
 حفيد نوراريهيون: عاصمة العفاريت - آوتابو، آوتابو المزيف
 C - ناويا ماكيتا
 بن تو - تادآكي إندو/الحاكم
 أسطورة أراتا - تسوتسوغا
 كرة سلة كوروكو - غينتا تاكيوتشي
 سورد آرت أونلاين - أغيل
 سورد آرت أونلاين II - أغيل
 سورد آرت أونلاين أليسيزيشن - أغيل
 هاجيمي نو إيبو Rising - دانكيتشي هاما
 يواموشي بيدال - شينغو كينجو
 يواموشي بيدال GRANDE ROAD - شينغو كينجو
 يواموشي بيدال NEW GENERATION - شينغو كينجو
 يواموشي بيدال GLORY LINE - شينغو كينجو
 هوزوكي بارد الأعصاب - هوزوكي
 نادي ثانوية الوسيمين للدفاع عن الأرض LOVE! - زوندر
 نادي ثانوية الوسيمين للدفاع عن الأرض LOVE!LOVE! - داداتشا
 أوشيو و تورا - آكل الصخور
 تراياج X - وايلد هنت
 ديث باريد - فوجي
 ون بنش مان - كينغ
 بطولات أرسلان - كيشوارد
 بطولات أرسلان: رقصة العاصفة الترابية - كيشوارد
 غيت: قوات الدفاع الذاتي تقاتل في أرض أخرى - أكيرا توميتا
 توريكو - غيدو
 غريمغار عالم الرماد و الأوهام - بريتني
 مارفل ديسك وورز: المنتقمون - بليد
 البركة لهذا العالم الرائع! - دولاهان
 البركة لهذا العالم الرائع! 2 - دولاهان
 كونكريت ريفولوتيو: فنتازيا الخوارق THE LAST SONG - كويتشي أماتو
 شوكوغكي نو سوما: الطبق الثاني - سوبارو ميماساكا
 شوكوغكي نو سوما: الطبق الثالث - سوبارو ميماساكا
 دانغانرونبا 3: نهاية أكاديمية قمة الأمل - نيكومارو نيداي
 دايز - سوسومو إينوهارا
 يوري أون آيس - كريستوف جاكوميتي
 ناروتو شيبودن - هان، سون غوكو
 بوروتو: ناروتو نكست جينيريشنز - كينشيكي أوتسوتسوكي
 يونغ بلاك جاك - بوب
 معركة الأبراج - دوديكابل
 دريفترز - هيجيكاتا توشيزو
 ميغالوبوكس - يوري
 نهوض بطل الدرع - إلهارت
 المحقق كونان - أوسامو كورانيشي (جولة كاغا هياكومانغوكو للغموض)
 كارول آند تيوزداي - سكيب
 غراند بلو - شينجي توكيتا
 فريق الإطفاء الناري - كارون
 فريق الإطفاء الناري: الجزء الثاني - كارون
 موريارتي الوطني - مايكروفت هولمز

أنمي الإنترنت
 هيتاليا Axis Powers - ألمانيا
 هيتاليا World Series - ألمانيا

أوفا أنمي
 سكول رمبل:حصص إضافية - ماساكازو توغو
 إير جير: الأجنحة السوداء و غابة النوم Break on the sky - فالكو
 الخادم الأسود Book of Murder - أغني
 البدلة المتنقلة جاندام يونيكورن - واتس ستيبني

أفلام أنمي
 فيلم بليتش: ميموريز أوف نوبودي - ياسوتورا سادو
 فيلم بليتش: ذا دياموند داست ريبيليون, هيورينمارو آخر - ياسوتورا سادو
 فيلم بليتش: فصل الجحيم - ياسوتورا سادو
 سلسلة أفلام حدود الفراغ
 حدود الفراغ: الفصل الثالث «بقايا الألم» - قائد عصابة المشاغبين
 هيتاليا: الشاشة الفضية Paint it, White - ألمانيا
 باتيما المعكوسة - جاك
 أورا: معركة ماريوينكوغا الأخيرة - ياماموتو
 فايري تايل: حارسة العنقاء - إلفمان
 بوروتو: ناروتو الفيلم - كينشيكي
 فيلم يواموشي بيدال - شينغو كينجو
 سورد آرت أونلاين: أوردينال سكيل - أغيل
 البركة لهذا العالم الرائع!: الأسطورة القرمزية - دولاهان
 فيت/غراند أوردر: منطقة الطاولة المستديرة كاميلوت: الجزء الأول Wandering; Agateram - أغرافين

أدواره في ألعاب الفيديو
 سلسلة ألعاب ستريت فايتر
 ستريت فايتر IV - غايل
 سوبر ستريت فايتر IV - غايل
 سوبر ستريت فايتر IV آركيد إديشن - غايل
 ألترا ستريت فايتر IV - غايل
 ستريت فايتر V - غايل
 ستريت فايتر X تيكن - غايل
 دانغانرونبا 2: غودباي ديسبير - نيكومارو نيداي
 جوجوز بيزار أدفنتشر: أول ستار باتل - رينغو روداغين
 جوجوز بيزار أدفنتشر: آيز أوف هيفن - رينغو روداغين
 أسوراز راث - أسورا
 ناروتو شيبودن: ألتيميت نينجا ستورم ريفولوشن - هان
 ناروتو شيبودن: ألتيميت نينجا ستورم 4 - هان
 سلسلة ألعاب غيلتي جير
 غيلتي جير 2 أوفرتشر - ريفن
 غيلتي جير Xrd - ريفن
 أرسلان: ذا واريورز أوف ليجند - كيشوارد
 دراغون كويست هيروز II - كارفر
 إيتاداكي ستريت: دراغون كويست آند فاينل فانتسي ثيرتيث أنيفيرساري - كارفر

أدواره في الدبلجة اليابانية
 كاري - بيلي نولان

وصلات خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
خريجو جامعة كومازاوا
ممثلو أداء صوتي ذكور من محافظة ياماغوتشي
ممثلو أداء صوتي يابانيون
ممثلو ألعاب فيديو يابانيون
ممثلون يابانيون في القرن 21
مواليد 1977
مواليد في ياماغوتشي (محافظة)

هيروكي ياسوموتو


Proba de patinaj viteză 5.000 metri feminin de la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018 de la Pyeongchang, Coreea de Sud a avut loc pe 16 februarie 2018 la Gangneung Oval, Gangneung.

Program
Orele sunt orele Coreei de Sud (ora României + 7 ore).

Rezultate
Proba a început la ora 20:00.

Referințe

Patinaj viteză la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018

Patinaj viteză la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018 - 5.000 metri (feminin)


Die Verklärungskirche (serbisch: Црква Преображења Господњег / Crkva Preobraženja Gospodnjeg), auch Kirche der Verklärung des Herrn genannt, ist die serbisch-orthodoxe Pfarreikirche der ostserbischen Stadt Sokobanja.

Die Kirche wurde von 1884 bis 1892 erbaut und ist der Verklärung Christi geweiht. Die Kirche ist die Pfarreikirche der Pfarrei Sokobanja und zudem die Hauptkirche des Dekanats Sokobanja der Eparchie Timok der Serbisch-Orthodoxen Kirche.

Die Verklärungskirche ist von besonderes kulturellen Wert für den serbischen Kurort Sokobanja. Sie gilt als die wichtigste und meistbesuchte Kirche der Region um Sokobanja.

Lage

Die Kirche befindet sich im Zentrum der ostserbischen Stadt Sokobanja. Das Gotteshaus steht nicht weit vom Ufer der Sokobanjska Moravica, einem rechten Nebenfluss der Südlichen Morava.

Sie steht am Trg oslobođenja (Platz der Befreiung) und der Straße Ulica Ive Andrića. Nahe der Kirche befinden sich das Rathaus, der Stadtpark, das Tourismusbüro, ein Hotel und das in der Timočka Krajina, berühmte Restaurant Milošev konak.

Geschichte

Frühere Kirchen in Sokobanja
In dem Buch Denkmäler der Eparchie Timok 1834–1934 ist belegt, dass in Sokobanja schon vor der Befreiung der Stadt von den Osmanen eine serbisch-orthodoxe Kirche mitsamt einem in ihr dienenden Priester stand. Diese Kirche wurde jedoch später von den Osmanen zerstört. Die Reste der alten Kirche stehen noch heute neben der Verklärungskirche. Man nimmt an, dass die Kirche zur Zeit des serbischen mittelalterlichen Königs, des Hl. Milutin, erbaut wurde, der die Kirche stiftete.

1835 wurde eine Kirche aus festem Material in der Stadt erbaut, die Kirche wurde mit Resten der Burgruine der Stadt Svrljig errichtet. Nur 20 Jahre später musste die Kirche wegen Beschädigungen abgerissen werden.

Bau und Einweihung der Verklärungskirche
Die Verklärungskirche im Stadtzentrum von Sokobanja wurde von 1884 bis 1892 erbaut, unter der Aufsicht der serbischen Architekten Svetozar Ivačković und Dušan Živadinović aus der Wiener Bauakademie.

Die Idee zum Bau der Kirche gab der Belgrader Metropolit Mihailo (Jovanović), der aus Sokobanja stammte. Metropolit Mihailo war auch der Ktitor der Kirche und er finanzierte auch den Bau der Grundschule in Sokobanja. Da am Feiertag Verklärung Christi der Metropolit geboren wurde, bekam die Kirche ihr Patrozinium.

Die meisten Bauarbeiter der Kirche waren Emigranten aus Russland, die in ihrer neuen Heimat beim Bau der Kirche mithalfen. Der lokale Händler Blagoje Hadži Pavlović spendete Geld zum Bemalen der Fresken im Inneren der Kirche.

Die Kirche wurde zu Ostern 1892 von Metropolit Mihailo (Jovanović) festlich eingeweiht. Dieser feierlichen Einweihung wohnte auch der russische Graf Todor Kotov bei. Der Graf hatte der Kirche einige Liturgiegegenstände geschenkt. Die Kirche besitzt ein reiches Kirchenarchiv, das seit 1835 aufgezeichnet wird. Auch gehören Evangelien aus dem Jahr 1836 mit der Originalunterschrift von Fürst Miloš Obrenović zu den Kirchenschätzen.

Die Kirche heute
Derzeitiger Priester der Kirche ist Zoran Golubović.
Die Verklärungskirche wird seit Ende November 2014, mit dem Segen des jetzigen Eparchen der Eparchie Timok, Ilarion (Golubović) renoviert. Neben einer neuen weißen Fassade sollen auch die Eingangstüren, das Mobiliar in der Kirche sowie das Kircheninnere renoviert bzw. neu angeschafft werden.

Den Großteil der Renovierungskosten übernimmt die Kirchengemeinde der Stadt. Auch finanziert die Gemeinde Sokobanja die Renovierung zum Teil. Und die neuen Türen sind ein Geschenk von Goran Sojanović.

Architektur
Die Verklärungskirche ist im Serbisch-byzantinischen Baustil erbaut, mit einem freistehenden Kirchturm, der 1936 nahe der Kirche erbaut wurde. Wer die Fresken, die Ikonostase und die Ikonen der Kirche herstellte und malte, ist nicht mehr bekannt. Überliefert ist, dass die Ikonostase Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts erbaut wurde.

Heute sind nur noch wenige Fresken im Inneren des Gotteshauses erhalten. Während die Kirche anfangs eine rot-ocker Fassade hatte, ist die Fassade heute in Weiß gehalten. Die Kirche ist eine Kreuzkuppelkirche, die dem griechischen Kreuz nachempfunden ist. Die Kuppel der Kirche ist 20 m hoch. Im Kirchhof wurde eine Büste des Metropoliten Mihailo (Jovanović) aufgestellt.

Weblinks
 Artikel über die Kirche auf der Seite www. Sokobanja.de, (serbisch)
 Artikel über die Kirche auf der Seite www.soko-banja.org, (serbisch)
 Artikel über die Kirche auf der Seite worldpress.de, (serbisch)
 Artikel über die Kirche auf der Seite www.sokobanja.org.rs, (serbisch)
 Artikel über die Kirche auf der Seite www.trivago.rs, (serbisch)
 Artikel über die Kirche auf der Seite www.sokobanja.com, (serbisch)
 Text zur Renovierung der Kirche auf der Seite der Eparchie Timok, (serbisch)
Sokobanja
Sokobanja
Sokobanja
Sokobanja
Sokobanja

Verklärungskirche (Sokobanja)


Gledhow Hall est une maison de campagne anglaise à Gledhow, Leeds, Yorkshire de l'Ouest. Construite au  par John Thwaites, elle est remodelée pour un nouveau propriétaire par l'architecte du Yorkshire . Elle est un bâtiment classé Grade II * et a été transformée en appartements.

Histoire

Gledhow Hall est construit sur ce qui était un terrain monastique appartenant à l'Abbaye de Kirkstall, principal propriétaire foncier de la région d'Allerton au . Les terres abbatiales sont saisies par la Couronne en 1539 lors de la Dissolution des Monastères. John Thwaites achète le terrain et construit une maison au . Elle est remodelée entre 1764 et 1767 par John Carr pour Jeremiah Dixon, qui en est alors le propriétaire.

JMW Turner peint une vue à l'aquarelle du manoir vers 1816, y demeurant pendant qu'il fait des croquis préparatoires.

En 1885, James Kitson (1er baron Airedale), magnat de l'industrie, fondateur des fonderies de locomotives Kitson Airedale et figure notable du parti libéral,  s'installe au manoir. Entre 1885 et 1890, la maison est modifiée et agrandie par les architectes Chorley et Connon.

Albert Kitson (2e baron Airedale) hérite du titre et du domaine à la mort de son père en 1911. Les Kitson reçoivent plusieurs premiers ministres libéraux et leurs familles à Gledhow : William Gladstone et son fils Herbert Henry Asquith et sa femme en 1913 et en 1920, Margaret Lloyd George lorsqu'elle est à Leeds pour une réception de femmes supporters de la coalition en temps de guerre.

Description

La maison à deux étages est construite en pierre de taille, avec des pierres angulaires chanfreinées, des corniches, un parapet à balustrade, et un toit en croupe en ardoise et plomb avec une haute souche de cheminée. La façade sud comporte deux fenêtres en baie à deux étages séparées par trois fenêtres à guillotine. La porte centrale est dotée d'un cadre Gibbs, d'une imposte et d'un fronton et est accessible par des marches en pierre. L'extension par Chorley et Connon à l'arrière comporte trois travées, deux paires de colonnes ioniques formant une loggia, et un porche en angle à colonnes toscanes surmonté d'un Oriel.

L'entrée principale par la loggia arrière a deux portes à panneaux vitrées en vitrail avec des motifs de fruits et de papillons. Le hall d'entrée a un sol en mosaïque et est cloisonné pour les appartements. L'escalier en porte-à-faux en pierre a une balustrade à volutes en fer forgé et une main courante en acajou. Le puits d'escalier éclairé en haut conserve huit fenêtres à lunette, chacune avec des vitraux représentant des feuillages, des fleurs et des fruits. Au premier étage se trouve la salle de bain carrelée de 1885. La salle de bains en faïence élaborée (terre cuite architecturale émaillée) de Burmantofts Pottery est créée pour une visite du prince de Galles . La salle de bain a des portes lambrissées en acajou et une cheminée moulée bolection. Les murs sont recouverts de tuiles moulurées brunes, bleues et blanches, avec un dado, un rail mouluré, une frise à volutes et une corniche dentelée. Le plafond est carrelé dans un design à lanières et comporte trois évents en forme de losange. Les toilettes adjacentes sont décorées de la même manière.

Hôpital

Après le déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale, Lord Airedale utilise le manoir comme hôpital du Détachement d'aide volontaire (VAD) . Géré par la Croix-Rouge britannique, il est composé à la fois d'infirmières professionnelles et de VAD . L'hôpital ouvre ses portes en 1915 et sa cousine Edith Cliff en est l'officier responsable tout au long de la guerre . Elle a gardé un album, The Great European War, Gledhow Hall Hospital, documentant la vie là-bas entre 1915 et 1919 .

L'album, rempli de "photographies, coupures de presse, lettres et éphémères" est détenu par les bibliothèques de Leeds comme l'un de ses trésors les plus importants . L'album a été choisi pour le mémorial de guerre numérique à l'échelle du Royaume-Uni, hébergé par Historypin, un utilisateur archives en 2014.

Références

Liens externes

Monument classé de Grade II dans le Yorkshire de l'Ouest

Gledhow Hall


Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun (líka skrifað Vigée-Lebrun; franska: [elizabɛt lwiz viʒe ləbʁœ̃]; 16. apríl 1755 - 30. mars 1842), einnig þekkt sem Madame Le Brun, var frægur franskur portrettmálari seint á 18. öld.

Listrænn stíll hennar er almennt flokkaður sem arfleifð frá rókókóstíl með áhrifum frá nýklassískum stíl. Hægt er að flokka myndefni hennar og litanotkun sem rókókó, en stíll hennar tengist uppgangi nýklassismans. Vigée Le Brun skapaði sér nafn innan konungsveldisins sem portrettmálari Marie Antoinette. Hún naut fulltingis evrópskra aðalsmanna, leikara og rithöfunda og var félagi í listaakademíum tíu borga.

Vigée Le Brun málaði um 660 portrettmyndir og 200 landslagsmyndir. Auk margra verka í einkasöfnum eru málverk eftir hana í eigu stórra safna, svo sem Louvre, Hermitage-safnsins, National Gallery í London, Metropolitan Museum of Art í New York og margra annarra safna á meginlandi Evrópu og í Bandaríkjunum.

Tilvísanir

Franskir myndlistarmenn

Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 28 Temmuz - Muhyiddin İbnü'l-Arabî, Şeyhü'l Ekber unvanı ile de bilinen ünlü İslam düşünürü, mutasavvıf, yazar ve şair (ö. 1240)
 21 Ağustos - II. Philippe, Fransa Kralı (ö. 1223)
 Kasım - VI. Heinrich, Kutsal Roma imparatoru (ö. 1197)

Ölümler
 5 Eylül - İmparator Nijō, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 78. imparatoru (d. 1143)

1165


Superior Gölü, Kuzey Amerika'da Büyük Göller'in en Batıda olanı.

Kanada ile ABD arasında yer alan Superior Gölü, dünyanın yüzölçümü bakımından en büyük tatlı su gölüdür. Superior Gölü bir Buzul Gölü'dür. Göl, Kanada kalkanının Güneyinde genişler ve Sault Sainte Marie'de Huron Gölüne bağlandığı Sainte Marie Nehrine kavuşur. Buzul Devri asıllı olan gölde bol miktarda balık bulunur. Suları kışın buz tutmasına rağmen altı yedi ay boyunca gemi ulaşımı çok işlektir. Batı kıyıları boyunca zengin bir demir filizi yatağı vardır. Bu demir filizi yatağı göl üzerindeki trafiği önemli ölçüde besler. Göl kıyısında Duluth ve Thunder Bay gibi önemli liman şehirleri bulunur.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Büyük Göller

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Ontario'daki göller
Büyük Göller
Michigan'daki göller
Wisconsin'deki göller
Minnesota'daki göller
Su yolları
Rift gölleri
Kuzey Amerika'daki uluslararası göller

Superior Gölü


A lista de bens tombados de Jaraguá do Sul reúne itens do patrimônio cultural e histórico de Jaraguá do Sul. Os atos de tombamento municipal foram realizados pelo Setor de Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural (SPHC). Os tombamentos estaduais foram realizados pela Fundação Catarinense de Cultura (FCC). Dentre os patrimônios tombados estão o Mercado Público Municipal e o Museu Histórico Emílio da Silva, ambos construídos em alvenaria portante, ou seja, não apresentam vigas ou colunas, a alvenaria possui função estrutural. Os edifícios são de propriedade da prefeitura e foram tombados em 05 de dezembro de 2012 pela importância cultural que possuem para a cidade.

∑ 109 items.

Cultura de Jaraguá do Sul
Patrimônio histórico de Santa Catarina
Listas de patrimônio do Brasil

Lista de bens tombados em Jaraguá do Sul


Le monument à Larrey de Tarbes est une sculpture en l'honneur de Dominique-Jean Larrey, réalisé par Jacques Joseph Émile Badiou de la Tronchère en 1864 situé au bord de la rue Larrey à Tarbes.

Historique
La statue Larrey de Tarbes est inaugurée en le .

Localisation
La statue est située dans le quartier du centre-ville (Tarbes-2) à l'intersection des allées du général-Leclerc et de la rue Larrey en face du conservatoire Henri Duparc.

Lors de l'inauguration la statue fut placée devant les casernes Larrey, à l'actuel emplacement de la statue équestre du Maréchal Foch, avant d'être déplacé en  à sa position actuelle.

Description
La sculpture représente, sur le piédestal, Larrey debout. A ses pieds on trouve une réplique en reduction d'une ambulance volante (modèle Larrey) dont il serait à l'origine de la mise en place au sein des armées françaises.

Inscriptions sur la base droite de  la statue : BADIOU DE LA TRONCHERE 1863 ;  à gauche : FONDU PAR CHARNOT ET SON FILS 1864 ; sur le piédestal à l'avant : JEAN DOMINIQUE LARREY / NE A BAUDEAN / LE 8 JUILLET 1766 / CHIRURGIEN REPUTE / MEMBRE DE L'ACADEMIE DE MEDECINE / ET DE L'INSTITUT / MEDECIN GENERAL / INSPECTEUR DU SERVICE DE SANTE / CREATEUR DES AMBULANCES VOLANTES / COMMANDEUR DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR / DECEDE A LYON LE 25 JUILLET 1842

Galerie d'images

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des œuvres d'art des Hautes-Pyrénées
 Statue équestre du Maréchal Foch
 Monument à Danton

Liens externes

Larrey Tarbes
Larrey
Œuvre exposée au Salon de 1864

Monument à Larrey (Tarbes)


Meloidogyne thamesi er tegund af þráðormum af ættinni Heteroderidae. Hann sníkir á te (Camellia sinensis)

Tilvísanir

Sníkjudýr
Þráðormar

Meloidogyne thamesi


European Match Race Tour (EMRT) je, nakon prelaska Svjetske serije dvobojskog jedrenja na katamarane, najjače natjecanje u dvobojskom jedrenju za jednotrupce.

Izdanja i pobjednici
EMRT je pokrenut 2017. godine. Nastao je kao zamjena za Svjetsku seriju dvobojskog jedrenja koja je s jednotrupaca prešla na skuplje katamarane, kako bi se većem krugu jedriličara omogućilo natjecanje u dvobojskom jedrenju na višoj razini.

Grand Final regata je posljednja regata u kalendaru natjecanja serije, na koju se kvalificira rezultatima na prethodnim regatama i na raspolaganju je duplo više bodova nego na ostalim regatama u seriji.

ISAF rang regate
2017.-... Grade ??

Lokacije
2017.-... Šibenik

Legenda:

* u zagradi je broj ženskih kormilara ako su sudjelovali

Vidi
 Hrvatski jedriličarski savez
 Svjetska serija dvobojskog jedrenja u Hrvatskoj

Vanjske poveznice
EMRT
EMRT

Izvori

Športsko jedrenje u Hrvatskoj
Šport u Šibeniku
Međunarodna natjecanja u jedrenju
Međunarodna jedriličarska natjecanja u Hrvatskoj

Europska serija dvobojskog jedrenja u Hrvatskoj


Gailard Sartain (født 18. september 1946) er en amerikansk komiker og skuespiller. Han er måske bedst kendt for sin rolle som Sheriff Stuckey i Mississippi Burning.

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra Oklahoma

Gailard Sartain


Samuel M. Sherrard (* 1941) ist ein evangelikaler Geistlicher und ehemaliger Geschäftsführer von Youth for Christ International.

Leben
Sherrard wurde auf Sri Lanka geboren und war 1966 der Gründer des Arbeitszweiges von Youth for Christ (YFC) in Colombo. 1974 wurde Sherrard der Geschäftsführer von YFC auf Hawaii und arbeitete zudem als Pastor einer Gemeinde in Pearl City. 1994 wurde er der Regionaldirektor von YFC für Amerika und schließlich 1996 der Präsident und Geschäftsführer von YFC International.

Einzelnachweise

Evangelikaler
Geboren 1941
Mann

Samuel Sherrard