Vifter har deres oprindelse i Orienten.

Husslaver stod ved måltiderne bag fornemme folk og viftede dem til kølighed. På et relief fra Assyrien af kong Assurbanipal og hans dronning ses dette. Egyptiske relieffer af konger viser dem omgivne af viftebærere. Vifter kunne være af tynde plader eller sammensat af fjer. En østerlandsk oldtidsform fra omkring 500 år f. kr., som brugtes i Grækenland, var en vifte af påfuglefjer monteret på en stang. Vifter kendtes også i Rom. Dronning Theodolinde, gift 588 med lombardernes konge, efterlod sig en vifte af malede fjer med skaft af emaljeret metal. I Middelalderen var der vifter af påfugle-, struds-, papegøje- og fasanfjer med håndtag af guld, sølv og elfenben. Man bar dem ved bæltet hængende i en guldkæde. De importeredes fra Levanten til Italien. I det 15. århundrede havde vifter form som et flag, hvis fane kunne svinges om stangen.

Man havde spadserevifter med lang stok, hvilket forklarer stedet hos Shakespeare (Henrik IV, II, 3): "Jeg kunne slå hans hoved itu med hans kones vifte". Katharina af Medici bragte vifter med sig fra Italien til Frankrig. Det var en foldevifte, som her hed esmouchoir og altså har været brugt også til at jage fluer bort med. Vifter brugtes af Henrik III og hans »Mignons« (Modelapse) og i meget kostbar udførelse: svaneskind, kniplinger, perlemor, prydelse af ædle stene osv. Foldevifter består endnu den dag i dag enten af små mere eller mindre udsmykkede stave, foroven holdt sammen af et smalt bånd, eller af stave, hvis nederste del er smykket, og hvis øverste del kun er tynde stivere, bestemt til helt at skjules af silke, svaneskind, papir etc. med dekoration. I 16. og 17. århundrede brugtes også vifter af fjer i fast form, undertiden med et spejl i midten. På denne tid uddannedes hos kvinderne en manuel færdighed i at håndtere viften, der blev til et signalapparat, og gennem dens bevægelser udtryktes et viftesprog i koketteriets og intrigens tjeneste. De mest berømte kunstnere og kunsthåndværkere ødslede deres talent på viftens svaneskind, og som unika stod de højt i pris. Vifte blev et udtryk for personen, og i valget af dens billeder undgik damen alt, hvad der kunne pege hen til hendes egne skrøbeligheder. Ninon d'Enclos havde for eksempel et billede af Jerusalems belejring på sin vifte. Der var komiske og satiriske vifter, og de kunne fortælle, hvad der hverken turde siges eller skrives. Viftepragten holdt sig til hen imod den franske revolution, da den veg for masseproduktionen. Fra denne tid er levnet Charlotte Cordays og Madame Talliens vifter. I kejsertiden havde vifter mere penge- end kunstværd, og det var først efter 1830, da Ludvig XV-kvadrillerne bragte viften på mode, at store kunstnere som Horace Vernet, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Narcisse Virgilio Díaz, Paul Gavarni, Édouard Detaille og andre tog sig af deres udsmykning. Vifter har altid været kvinden kær. Dronning Elisabeth 1. af England sagde, at det var den eneste gave, en dronning kunne tage imod. I de fornemme kredse var den som vokset sammen med damens person, hendes stadige ledsager og tilflugt i mange tilfælde. Før solskærme blev almindelige, var vifter tillige en nyttegenstand, og i stor form brugtes den i fri luft som parasol. Deraf det svenske navn solfjäder.

Selv i katolsk liturgi blev viften taget i brug indtil 1400 og er endnu ikke afskaffet i græske og armeniske kirker. Ved festa di catedra følges paven af to viftebærere, som hver holder en vifte af fjer med elfenbensskaft, men ikke svinger denne. Punka hedder i Indien en stor vifte bestående af en ramme med udspændt tøj over, den hænger under loftet og bruges til at skaffe kølighed i rummet. Selv store politiske følger har vifter bevirket. Den 30. april 1827 slog Daien af Algieriet i vrede den franske gesandt med sin vifte og nægtede at gøre afbigt for fornærmelsen. Det førte til krigen, der endte med Frankrigs erobring af Algeriet.

Vifter, drevet ved elektricitet, bruges i vore dage til at skaffe kølighed og frisk luft i store rum.

Eksterne henvisninger og kilde

Beklædningsgenstande
Aerodynamik

Vifte


الحبوس أو الوقف، لعب دورا مهما في دعم الثقافة الدينية ونشرها في بلاد المغرب الأقصى، ارتبط ظهورها بمجيء الإسلام أيام الفتوحات الإسلامية حيث كان الفاتحون يؤسسون المساجد اقتداء بالرسول ، كما انتعش الوقف بالعناية المتزايدة به من قبل الملوك الذين تعاقبوا على حكم المغرب، إضافة للمبادرات الفردية للمحسنين التي ساهمت في ارتفاع عدد المساجد وازدهار الوقف.

تاريخ دعم الوقف

في العهد الإدريسي اهتم المولى إدريس ببناء المساجد وتشجيع الناس على البناء والغرس وإقامة المنشآت الوقفية، وفي العهد المرابطي حرص يوسف بن تاشفين على زيادة عدد المساجد وإصلاحها وبناء العديد من الحمامات والسقايات، وفي العهد الموحدي دعا المهدي بن تومرت ويعقوب المنصور الموحدي إلى بناء المساجد وتعمير وترميم ما تهدم منها، فضلا على بناء الحمامات والفنادق والحوانيت وتحبيسها على مساجد فاس وخاصة القرويين. لكنها كانت محدودة نسبيا مفارنة مع ما ستشهده الحبوس في عهد المرينيين، يدل لهذا قول ابن سعيد لدى حديثه عن بعض أخلاق أهل المغرب الأقصى:

حيث عرف الوقف في العهد المريني نهضة كبرى، واهتم ملوك بني مرين ببناء المؤسسات الوقفية الاجتماعية إلى جانب المؤسسات الدينية والثقافية،

وقد حاول السعديون إعادة تنظيم الوقف من خلال تشييد المساجد أو ترميمها وإحياء بعض المدارس وتأسيس أخرى إضافة لإنشاء المكتبات وتزويد القديم منها بالمؤلفات.

فيما استمر ملوك الدولة العلوية في العناية بالأحباس والاهتمام بشؤونها، إذ اعتبروا الأوقاف تراثا خاصا لجماعة المسلمين، وقد رصدوا مداخيلها للقيام بشعائر الإسلام وتعليم الدين، إضافة لبناء المساجد والمدارس والملاجئ والمستشفيات، وقد استمروا على هذا النهج حتى في عهد الحماية وافشلوا المحاولات الاستعمارية للنيل من الأوقاف وتعطيل وظائفها.

وبفضل الأوقاف على مدى العصور انتعشت العديد من المجالات في المغرب، ففي المجال الديني تزايد عدد المساجد وتحسنت أوضاعها وظروف المقيمين عليها.

المجال الثقافي والاجتماعي

ساهم الوقف في مساعدة الطلبة على تحصيل العلم وتزايد عدد المدارس والمعاهد والمدارس العتيقة والخزانات العلمية والمكتبات والإيقاف عليها حتى يستدام الانتفاع بها.

وفي المجال الاجتماعي، ساعد الوقف المحتاجين واليتامى والأرامل والمقعدين والمعوقين، كما ساهم في بناء الحمامات والسقايات وإعداد دور خاصة للاحتفال بالمناسبات والأعراس خاصة بالنسبة للفقراء والمحتاجين.
وعلى المستوى الاقتصادي، ساعد الوقف على البناء والتعمير واستصلاح الأراضي الفلاحية واستثمارها وتجهيزها، كما تم إنشاء مؤسسات تهتم بتسليف المحتاجين بدون فائدة.

كما تعنى الأوقاف بإنشاء العديد من الوحدات السكنية والمحلات التجارية والإدارية قصد إكرائها لفئة عريضة لا تتوفر على الإمكانيات لاقتناء السكن، وتساهم أوراش الإصلاح في خلق العديد من فرص الشغل.
وتنقسم الأحباس في المغرب إلى نوعين، أحباس عامة وأخرى خاصة.

أنواع الأحباس

الأحباس العامة هي التي توقف على جهة من جهات البر والخير، ولا يكون المحبس عليه شخصا معينا مثل العقارات المحبسة على خدمة المساجد والمستشفيات والمدارس والملاجئ ودور الأيتام.

الأحباس الخاصة وتسمى أيضا بالمعقبة، فهي العقارات التي حبسها أصحابها على أشخاص معينين، كأن يحبس شخص دارا على أولاده الذكور ما تعاقبوا ليستمر انتفاعهم.

وتتولى وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية الدعوة للوقف والمحافظة على أمواله وإدارته واستثماره وصرف ريعه على وجوه البر التي أوقفت من أجلها، وجعله يقوم بالدور الأساسي الذي ابتغاه له المحبسون سواء في الجانب الديني أو الثقافي أو في الحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية.

انظر أيضاً
 الوقف
 وقف جماعي
 الدروس الحسنية
 وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية
 أحمد بركاش

وصلات خارجية
 الوقف في المغرب
 المجلس الأعلى لمراقبة مالية الأوقاف العامة

مراجع

اقتصاد إسلامي
الإسلام في المغرب
مؤسسات حكومية
أوقاف

الوقف في المغرب


Jelena Saslawskaja, , est une poétesse, slameuse et journaliste ukrainienne.

Biographie
Originaire de l'est de l'Ukraine, Jelena Saslawskaja écrit de la poésie, du slam et des poèmes d'amour érotiques. Ses textes expérimentaux séduisent le lecteur par des images nouvelles et obsédantes, dans lesquelles elle parvient à relier le contemporain à l'éternel.

Jelena Saslawskaja vit à Louhansk, où elle travaille pour le site d'information Culture Collotype, ainsi que pour Tuning Fork, le journal de l'Académie d'État pour l'art et la culture de Louhansk.

Distinctions
En 2008, Jelena Saslawskaja est finaliste du concours de slam de Donetsk, et lauréate du concours de slam de Kiev. En 2011, elle remporte le concours de slam du Festival international de poésie à Riga. En 2006, lors du Festival international de littérature et de musique ZEX à Kharkhiv, elle reçoit le titre de « Présidente du Globe ».

Publications
Parmi une liste non exhaustive :

 Epokha moei lyubvi (The Time of My Love), Swetlitsa, 1997
 Maminy sljozy (The Tears of my Mother), Knizhkovyi svet, 1997
 Instinkt svobody (The Instinct of Liberty), Sklyanka tchasu, 2005
 Bdysch-Men i Co. (Bdysch-Man and co.), SPD-Reznikov, 2011

Notes et références

Écrivain ukrainien du XXe siècle
Écrivain ukrainien du XXIe siècle
Poète ukrainien du XXe siècle
Poète ukrainien du XXIe siècle
Journaliste ukrainienne
Naissance en Ukraine
Naissance à Kiev
Poétesse ukrainienne
Naissance en octobre 1977

Jelena Saslawskaja


Info is shorthand for "information". It may also refer to:

Computing
 .info, a generic top-level domain
 info:, a URI scheme for information assets with identifiers in public namespaces
 info (Unix), a command used to view documentation produced by GNU Texinfo
 Info.com, a search engine aggregator
 , the filename extension for metadata files used by the Amiga Workbench
 .nfo, a filename extension for informational text files accompanying compressed software.

Other uses
 Info (band), an industrial metal band from Colombia
 .info (magazine), a computer magazine
 Info TV, a Lithuanian news television station
 International Fortean Organization, publishers of the INFO Journal
 Miss Info or Minya Oh, an American radio presenter

Info


Poseidon, ABD yapımı, balistik, stratejik güdümlü bir mermidir.

1971'den başlanarak, ABD'nin nükleer denizaltılarına (dalmış durumda bir denizaltıdan fırlatılabilir) yerleştirilen Poseidonların her biri 40 kt gücünde ve 4.200 km erimli 14 nükleer başlık taşıyabilir. 1980 yıllarından başlanarak, nükleer denizaltılara Poseidonların yerine daha güçlü Tridentler takılmaya başlanmıştır.

Poseidon (mermi)


Michel Goudchaux (født 18. marts 1797 i Nancy, død 27. december 1862 i Paris) var en fransk
finansmand.

Goudchaux var af en rig jødisk købmandsslægt og kom ved faderens død 1821 i spidsen for et bankierhus i Paris. Han tog livlig del i den frisindede opposition og fik derfor efter Julirevolutionen et vigtigt embede i Strassburg, men blev afskediget 1834. Han fortsatte kampen mod regeringen i flere flyveskrifter samt i bladet National og var tidlig talsmand for, at staten byggede og drev jernbaner. Efter Februarrevolutionen 1848 var han i 14 dage finansminister, men afgik som udpræget modstander af Louis Blancs socialistiske planer. Juni valgtes han til Nationalforsamlingen, hvor han hørte til de mådeholdne republikanere; blev efter arbejderopstanden igen finansminister under Cavaignac til oktober og tog senere kun del i drøftelsen af finansielle spørgsmål (var afgjort imod tanken om progressiv beskatning). Fra 1849 tog han ikke del i det offentlige liv; var 1852 og 1857 oppositionens kandidat, men nægtede at aflægge ed til kejseren, da han blev valgt 1857, og fik derfor ikke sæde i den lovgivende forsamling.

Kilder

Finansministre fra Frankrig
Politikere fra Frankrig
Franskmænd i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Nancy

Michel Goudchaux


Conform Art. 150 din Codul Penal, înscris oficial este orice înscris care emană de la o unitate din cele la care se referă art. 145 (vezi Public) sau care aparține unei asemenea unități.

Legături externe
 Definiție din Codul Penal

Înscris oficial


Igor Ievgueniévitch Konachenkov (en ), né le  à Kichinev (Chișinău) en République socialiste soviétique moldave, est le principal porte-parole du ministère de la Défense de la fédération de Russie.

États de service
Igor Konachenkov naît le  à Kichinev.

Konachenkov est diplômé avec distinction du département d'ingénierie de l'École militaire supérieure de radioélectronique de défense aérienne de Jytomyr en 1988.

En 1998, il est diplômé de l'Académie militaire de défense aérienne. En 2006, il est diplômé des cours supérieurs de l'Académie militaire de l'état-major général des forces armées de Russie.

Il a servi dans les , à la direction du commandement majeur des forces de défense aérienne territoriales.

À partir de 1998, Konachenkov était officier supérieur, chef de groupe et chef adjoint du Département de la coopération avec les médias russes et étrangers du service de presse du ministère de la Défense de la fédération de Russie.

En 2003, il devient chef du service de presse et commandant adjoint du district militaire du Caucase du Nord pour les affaires publiques et médiatiques.

En 2005, il devient chef du service de presse de l'armée et commandant en chef adjoint de l'armée pour les affaires publiques et médiatiques.

En 2009, il est nommé chef adjoint du département des affaires médiatiques et de l'information du ministère de la Défense de la fédération de Russie et en , il devient chef du département des affaires médiatiques et de l'information du ministère de la Défense de la fédération de Russie par décret du président de La fédération Russe.

C'est le principal porte-parole militaire de la Russie.

Il a dirigé des unités de soutien d'information de l'armée russe dans le Caucase du Nord et la Force collective de maintien de la paix dans la zone de conflit Géorgie-Abkhazie.

Konachenkov a reçu l'ordre du Courage, l'ordre du Mérite militaire, l'ordre de l'Amitié et 14 autres médailles

Konachenkov est membre du présidium de l'Union des journalistes de Moscou qui lui a décerné un diplôme pour services à l'ouverture dans la presse en 2016.

Invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022
En tant que porte-parole du ministère de la Défense, Konashenkov apparaît dans des vidéos d'information du matin, de l'après-midi et du soir sur la progression de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022, elle-même une partie de la guerre russo-ukrainienne. Konashenkov utilise la terminologie officielle de la guerre, comme indiqué par le président russe Vladimir Poutine. Ainsi, Konashenkov fait toujours référence à la guerre comme une  ().

Konashenkov fait référence aux combattants du côté ukrainien en tant que  (),  () et  (). Ce n'est que lorsque les soldats sont capturés ou se rendent au camp russe que Konashenkov désigne les Ukrainiens comme des militaires des Forces armées de l'Ukraine.

La  russe des lieux habitées n'est jamais mentionnée, seulement leur  (). Konashenkov a annoncé le  () des zones urbaines chaque fois que les Forces armées russes se battent pour capturer une ville, mais ne pouvant pas. De même, une  () dans les annonces de Konashenkov correspond à une retraite russe. Konashenkov euphemise des combats urbains prolongées en tant que zatchistka (,  ).

Le premier jour de l'invasion, le , Konashenkov a annoncé l'incapacité de . Konashenkov a énuméré onze aérodromes, quatre drones de combat , 18 stations radar, trois postes de commandement, un hélicoptère et une base navale: un total de . Le lendemain, Konashenkov a annoncé que le  russe de Tchernihiv avait été achevé. Les Russes n'ayant pas encerclé Chernihiv ou Kiev, Konashenkov ont décrit les retraits russes après les échecs de l'offensive de Kiev et la bataille de Tchernihiv en tant que . Le , il a annoncé qu'un total de  avaient été faits. Cependant, dans les annonces précédentes, Konashenkov avait déjà annoncé la capture d'un total de  ukrainiens.

Début , Konachenkov est promu lieutenant général.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Chișinău
Naissance en mai 1966
Personnalité des guerres de Tchétchénie
Général russe

Igor Konachenkov


Emma Ekenman-Fernis er kvindelig svensk håndboldspiller, der spiller i IK Sävehof. Hun spiller også på det svenske A-landshold. Hun debuterede på A-landsholdet, ved to træningskampe  i Oktober 2016.

Eksterne henvisninger

Eksterne henvisninger

Håndboldspillere fra Sverige
Håndboldspillere fra IK Sävehof

Emma Ekenman-Fernis


Lithosperminae, podtribus biljaka, dio tribusa Lithospermeae, potporodica Boraginoideae. U njega Michael Hassler uključuje 5 rodova, a tipični je vrapčje sjeme ili biserka (Lithospermum).

Rodovi
 Subtribus Lithosperminae
 Aegonychon Gray (3 spp.)
 Buglossoides Moench (6 spp.)
 Glandora D. C. Thomas, Weigend & Hilger (8 spp.)
 Lithospermum L. (82 spp.)
 Ancistrocarya Maxim. (1 sp.)

Izvori

Lithospermeae

Lithosperminae


Santu Lussurgiu (sardisk: Santu Lussùrzu) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Oristano i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 503 meters højde og har 2.369 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 99,80 km² og grænser til kommunerne Abbasanta, Bonarcado, Borore, Cuglieri, Norbello, Paulilatino, Scano di Montiferro og Seneghe.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Oristano

Santu Lussurgiu


Christian Lindqvist (* 1948; † Mai 2006) war ein schwedischer Archäologe, der sich mit der Felskunst und dem einzigen Pfahlbau Skandinaviens und der Geschichte der dortigen Fauna befasste, dazu war er Osteologe.

1976 bis 1980 grub er am südschwedischen Pfahlbau von Alvastra mit ungewöhnlich feinen Untersuchungsmethoden. Er fand daher erstmals eine große Anzahl kleinster Stücke, die in den zuvor durchgeführten Grabungen der Jahre 1908 bis 1918 und 1928 bis 1939 übersehen worden waren.
Er verfasste einen Beitrag über die Stora-Förvar-Höhle, die mesolithische Funde aufwies.

Werke

 Älghuvudmotivet i nordeuropeisk plastik och hällkonst. Det nordeuropeiska jägarsamhället under sten- och bronsalder, unveröffentlichte BA thesis, Universität Stockholm 1978.
 Fångstfolkets bilder: en studie av de nordfennoskandiska kustanknutna jägarhällristningarna (Theses and papers in archaeology, new series A5). Universität Stockholm 1994.
 About the importance of fine-mesh sieving, stratigraphical and spatial studies for the interpretation of the faunal remains at Ajvide, Eksta parish, and other Neolithic dwelling sites on Gotland, in: G. Burenhult (Hrsg.): Remote sensing 1. (Theses and papers in North-European archaeology 13a). Universität Stockholm 1997.
 mit C. und G. Possnert: The first seal hunter families on Gotland. On the Mesolithic occupation in the Stora Förvar cave, in: Current Swedish archaeology 7, Stockholm.1999.
 Bones and radiometric analyses, in: Martin Rundkvist, Christian Lindqvist, K. Thorsberg (Hrsg.): Barshalder 3. Rojrhage in Grštlingbo: a multi-component Neolithic shore site on Gotland (Stockholm archaeological reports 41). Universität Stockholm 2004.

Literatur
 Martin Rundqvist: Christian Lindqvist. 1948 - May 2006, in: Antiquity, 20. Mai 2006.

Prähistoriker
Hochschullehrer (Universität Stockholm)
Schwede
Geboren 1948
Gestorben 2006
Mann

Christian Lindqvist


The year 1908 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

Events
 April 6 – The foundation stone of Knox College, Otago, is laid.
 St. Mary's Church, Wellingborough, England, is designed by Ninian Comper.
 The Georgian Society is founded in Dublin on the 21st of February 1908 by John Pentland Mahaffy, Walter G. Strickland and Richard Orpen.

Buildings and structures

Buildings opened

 May 1 – Singer Building in New York City, completed with tower, designed by Ernest Flagg. It is the world's tallest building for a year. Demolished 1968.
 July 20 – Casa de Nariño, official residence of the President of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, designed by Gastón Lelarge.
 November 8 – Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Meurthe-et-Moselle in Nancy, France, designed by Emile Toussaint and Louis Marchal and featuring ironwork by Louis Majorelle and stained glass by Jacques Gruber.

Buildings completed

 The Gamble House in Pasadena, California, designed by Henry Mather Greene and Charles Sumner Greene.
 British Medical Association Building, London, designed by Charles Holden with sculptures by Jacob Epstein, is completed.
 St. Andrew's United Church in Cairo, Egypt.
 St. Patrick's Church, Toronto, Canada, designed by Arthur W. Holmes.
 Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk, Ostend, Belgium, designed by Louis Delacenserie.
 Unity Temple, Oak Park, Illinois, United States, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
 Old Colony Club on Madison Avenue in New York City, designed by Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White.

Awards
 RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Honore Daumet

Births
 January 7 – Frederick Gibberd, English architect (died 1984)
 May 23 – Max Abramovitz, American architect (died 2004)
 October 13 – Francis Skinner, Malaysian-born English architect (died 1998)
 December 22 – Max Bill, Swiss architect, painter, typeface designer, industrial designer and graphic designer (died 1994)

Deaths
 January 2 – Alexander Davidson, Scottish architect active in Australia, 68
 February 3 – Ferdinand Meldahl, Danish architect best known for the reconstruction of Frederiksborg Palace, 80
 February 13 – Sir James Knowles, English architect and editor, 76
 September 15 – Friedrich Adler, German architect and archaeologist, 80
 November 26 – William Swinden Barber, English architect, 76

References

1908 in architecture


Alles Door Oefening Den Haag je nizozemski nogometni klub iz Haga. Poznat je po svojem skraćenom nazivu ADO Den Haag. U sezoni 2019./20. se natječe u Eredivisie, najvišem rangu nizozemskog nogometa. Neko vrijeme klub se zvao FC Den Haag, dok je ADO bio amaterski dio kluba. Iako dolazi iz jednog od tri tradicionalno najveća nizozemska grada, ne može se uspoređivati s Ajaxom, Feyenoordom ili PSV-om i njihovim uspjesima u domaćim ili stranim natjecanjima. Bez obzira na to, postoji veliko rivalstvo s Ajaxom i Feyenoordom. Riječi Alles Door Oefening u prijevodu znače Sve kroz vježbu.

Klupski uspjesi
 Prvenstvo Nizozemske u nogometu/Eredivisie (2): 1941./42., 1942./43.

Vanjske poveznice
Službene stranice

Nizozemski nogometni klubovi

ADO Den Haag


Marie Prouvé, née Marie Amélie Charlotte Duhamel le  à Brentford et morte le  à Nancy, est une artisane, muse et gestionnaire de l'École de Nancy auprès de son mari, Victor Prouvé.

Biographie
Marie Duhamel est la fille d'une musicienne de Nancy,  Duhamel, et d'un commerçant ; elle naît en Angleterre, lors d'un des voyages de commerce de son père. À la mort de son père, sa mère se remarie, et Marie se retrouve la fille aînée d'une famille de neuf enfants.

Jeune fille, elle fréquente assidûment la rue des Dominicains de Nancy avec sa sœur Suzanne et sa cousine Margueritte.

Elle épouse en 1898 l'artiste Victor Prouvé, rencontré chez les Hekking, une famille de musiciens.

Excellente pianiste, elle élève ses sept enfants dans la musique : sa fille Marianne remporte ainsi le premier prix du conservatoire au piano, et son fils Victor devient premier violon à l'orchestre symphonique de Nancy.

Muse et artisane de Victor Prouvé

Pour Florence Daniel-Wieser, la personnalité de Marie Prouvé influence l'art de son mari, dont les représentations féminines s'imprègnent, après son mariage, de l'idéal du bonheur conjugal.

En tant qu'artisane, elle réalise des travaux de couture, notamment pour la réalisation de tentures murales.

Références

Membre de l'École de Nancy
Naissance en juillet 1879
Naissance à Hounslow (borough londonien)
Décès en janvier 1951
Décès à Nancy
Décès à 71 ans

Marie Prouvé


This is a list of aviation-related events from 1998.

Deadliest crash
The deadliest crash of this year was Swissair Flight 111, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 which crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada on 2 September, killing all 229 people on board.

Events
 Cirrus Aircraft successfully flight-tests the CAPS ballistic emergency aircraft parachute.
 Adam Aircraft Industries founded
 Eclipse Aviation founded

January
 January 4 – A passenger aboard Olympic Airways Flight 417, a Boeing 747 flying from Athens, Greece, to New York, New York, dies after exposure to secondhand smoke during the flight. The incident highlights a health danger of smoking aboard airliners and results in a USD $1.4 million court judgment against Olympic Airways.
 January 8 – Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela (LAV), grounded since August 1994 by its owner, the Government of Venezuela, in an effort to reduce expenditures, resumes flight operations under private ownership.
 January 9 – Due to a maintenance error, a Cessna 182P Skylane piloted by American winemaker Richard Graff loses engine power after takeoff from Salinas Municipal Airport in Salinas, California. He attempts to return to the airport for an emergency landing, but the plane crashes, killing him.
 January 13 – An Ariana Afghan Airlines Antonov An-12 crashes near Tor Kach, Pakistan after it runs out of fuel in poor weather. All 51 people on board die.
 January 27 – A Myanma Airways Fokker F27 crashes while taking off from Yangon, Myanmar killing 16 of the 45 people on board.

February
 February 2 – Cebu Pacific Flight 387, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, crashes into a mountain near Pagalungan in the Philippines. All of the 104 passengers and crew members are killed.
 February 3 – A United States Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler electronic warfare aircraft of Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 2 (VMAQ-2) (VMAQ-2) strikes a cable supporting the aerial tramway at Cavalese, Italy, causing one of the tramways cars to plunge over  to the ground, killing all 20 people in the car. The Prowler lands safely.
 February 6 – President Bill Clinton signs legislation changing the name of Washington National Airport in Arlington, Virginia, to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
 February 16 – China Airlines Flight 676, an Airbus A300-60DR, crashes into a residential area while attempting to land in Taipei, Taiwan. All 196 people on board are killed, in addition to seven more on the ground. Among the dead is the president of Taiwan's central bank, Sheu Yuan-dong.
 February 20
OceanAir – the future Azores Airlines – is rebranded as SATA International. It has not flown since 1994, but it will resume flight operations on 8 April.
Trans World Airlines retires the last of its Boeing 747 airliners, making the Boeing 767 its main intercontinental aircraft.

March
 March 15 – Israeli Brigadier General Tal Shmuel Eldar is one of two people killed in the crash of an Israeli Air Force Bell AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Israel during a training flight.
 March 18 – Formosa Airlines Flight 7623, a Saab 340, crashes off the coast of Taiwan shortly after take-off, killing all 13 people on board.
 March 19 – An Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 727 hits a mountain near Charasyab, Afghanistan while descending to land. All 45 on board die.
 March 22 – Philippine Airlines Flight 137, an Airbus A320-214 with 127 people on board, overshoots the end of the runway while landing at Bacolod City Domestic Airport in Bacolod in the Philippines, plowing through several houses. All on board the airliner survive, but three people on the ground die; 89 people are injured in the accident.

April
 April 2 – The Government of Slovakia establishes the Civil Aviation Authority of the Slovak Republic as Slovakia′s national civil aviation authority.
SATA International – the future Azores Airlines – which had not flown since 1994 when it was known as OceanAir, resumes flight operations.
 April 20 – Air France Flight 422, a Boeing 727, crashes into a mountain near Bogotá, Colombia, in foggy weather shortly after takeoff from El Dorado International Airport, killing all 53 people on board.
 April 22 – Trans World Airlines announces that it has ordered 24 McDonnell Douglas MD-83 airliners from McDonnell Douglas, with all the aircraft to be delivered during 1999.

May
 The Republic of China establishes the Aviation Safety Council, responsible for aviation accident investigation, with the purpose of analyzing causal factors and proposing flight safety recommendations in Taiwan.
 May 5 – An Occidental Petroleum Boeing 737-282 crashes on approach to Alférez FAP Alfredo Vladimir Sara Bauer Airport in Peru, killing 75 people on board.
 May 15 – The Government of Portugal establishes the National Institute of Civil Aviation to serve as Portugal′s national civil aviation authority. It replaces the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, which is abolished on this date.
 May 25
The Republic of China creates the Aviation Safety Council, responsible for aviation accident investigations in Taiwan.
Three armed men belonging to the Baloch Students Organization hijack Pakistan International Airlines Flight 544, a Fokker F27 Friendship with 35 other people on board, just after takeoff from Gwadar International Airport in Gwadar, Pakistan, and attempt to force it to fly to New Delhi, India, but Pakistan Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcons force the airliner to land at Hyderabad Airport in Hyderabad, Pakistan. After seven hours, Pakistani Army commandos storm the plane early on May 26 and arrest the hijackets without injury to anyone.
 May 26 – An MIAT Mongolian Airlines Antonov An-24 crashes into a mountain near Erdenet, Mongolia. All 28 people on board die.

June
 Nargis Bhimji of Karachi, Pakistan, spends her birthday flying on commercial airliners from Karachi to Singapore and then on to San Francisco, California. The time zone change along the way stretches the day out to a length of 35 hours 25 minutes, allowing her to set the record – recognized by Guinness World Records – for the longest birthday in history. Her record will stand until August 2014.
 June 1 – MetroJet, operated by US Airways, begins operations.
 June 5 – The bankrupt Indonesian airline Sempati Air ceases operations and goes out of business.
 June 15 – The last delivery of an Airbus A310 (msn. 706, reg. UK-31003) is made to Uzbekistan Airways.

July
 Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela (LAV) resumes service between Venezuela and the United States.
 July 1 – JAL Express, operated by Japan Airlines, commences operations.
 July 6 – Hong Kong's Kai Tak Airport is closed at 1:28 a.m. with the lights of its 13/31 runway being switched off. Operation of the new Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok commences on the same day, with the first commercial flight landing at 6:25 a.m.
 July 26 – Just after completing a loop and a four-step corkscrew turn, United States Air Force Lieutenant General David J. McCloud dies when the Yakovlev Yak-54 he is piloting goes into an inverted spin and crashes almost vertically into a grove of trees at Anchorage, Alaska.
 July 30 – After deviating from its planned route and descending over Quiberon Bay off Brittany, France, to give its passengers and crew a good view of the ocean liner , Proteus Airlines Flight 706 – a Beechcraft 1900D (registration F-GSJM) with 14 people on board – collides at an altitude of  with a Cessna 177RG Cardinal (registration F-GAJE). Both aircraft plunge into the bay about 1.5 kilometers (0.8 nautical mile) from SS Norway, killing everyone aboard the Proteus Air flight and the sole occupant of the Cessna.

August
 August 6 – The NASA Pathfinder-Plus unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sets a national altitude record for both solar-powered and propeller-driven aircraft, reaching  during a flight from the United States Navys Pacific Missile Range Facility on Kauai, Hawaii.
 August 21
A Lumbini Airways de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter crashes in a mountainous region near Ghorepani, Nepal. All of the 18 people on board are killed.
An Insitu Aerosonde named Laima becomes the first UAV to cross the Atlantic Ocean, completing the flight in 26 hours.
August 24 – Myanma Airways Flight 635, a Fokker F27 Friendship, crashes in Manibagi, Myanmar, during poor weather while on approach to Tachilek Airport in Tachilek, Myanmar (Burma), killing all 36 people on board. It has been reported that there may have been survivors that were tortured to death by local villagers that thought the aircraft carried military personnel.
August 29 – A Cubana de Aviación Tupolev Tu-154 crashes during takeoff into buildings in Quito, Ecuador. Seventy-five of the 90 people on board die, as do 10 people on the ground.

September
September 1 – The Government of Germany establishes its Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation.
September 2
UNITA rebels shoot down a Permaviatrans Antonov An-26 over Angola. All 24 people on board die.
Swissair Flight 111, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, crashes into the North Atlantic Ocean near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, due to smoke in the cockpit caused by insulation burning in the shell. All 229 people on board perish. American physician and World Health Organization official Jonathan Mann, American AIDS and HIV researcher Mary Lou Clements-Mann, and American chef Joseph LaMotta are among the dead.
September 14 – 23-year-old wheel-well stowaway Emilio Dominguez survives a flight from San Pedro Sula, Honduras, to Miami, Florida, aboard Iberia Flight 6130.
September 25 – A Paukn Air BAe 146 crashes near Nador, Morocco, killing all 38 people on board.
September 29 – Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam rebels shoot down a Lion Air Antonov An-24. Lionair Flight 602 crashed into the sea off Mannar, Sri Lanka, killing all 55 people on board.

October
 Continental Airlines receives its first Boeing 777-200ER aircraft, allowing it to make non-stop flights from Newark International Airport in New Jersey and George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, to Tokyo, Japan, and from Newark to Tel Aviv, Israel.
 October 1 – United States Navy Boeing E-6 Mercury TACAMO aircraft replace United States Air Force Boeing EC-135C aircraft in carrying out Operation Looking Glass for United States Strategic Command.
 October 8 – In Oslo, Norway, Oslo Airport, Fornebu, closes. Its traffic movies to Oslo Airport, Gardermoen.
 October 10 – A Strela 2 (NATO reporting name "SA-7 Grail") surface-to-air missile fired by rebel forces strikes a Lignes Aériennes Congolaises Boeing 727-100 three minutes after the airliner takes off from Kindu Airport in Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. While the flight crew is attempting to return to the airport for an emergency landing, the airliner crashes in dense jungle, killing all 41 people on board.
 October 21 – Trans World Airlines announces that it will acquire four Boeing 757s and one Boeing 767-300ER. The purchase will increase the airline's fleet to 27 Boeing 757s and five Boeing 767-300ERs by January 2000.

November
 November 13 – U.S. President Bill Clinton orders air attacks against Iraq because of an Iraqi refusal to allow United Nations weapons inspectors to work in Iraq.
 November 14 – Clinton rescinds his order for air attacks on Iraq after Iraq agrees to allow United Nations weapons inspectors to resume their work. The aircraft are already in the air, but abort their attacks.
 November 21 – American actor William Gardner Knight is killed while trying to land a Burgess RV-6 experimental piloting he is piloting in darkness at Edgewater, Maryland. The plane strikes trees and crashes into Beard's Creek, killing him.
 November 24 – Gaza International Airport opens in Gaza City as the first international airport in the Gaza Strip.

December

 December 9 – Trans World Airlines announces the largest aircraft order in its history, for 125 Boeing 717, Airbus A318, and Airbus A320 family aircraft and options on an additional 125 airliners.
 December 10 – Captain Michael VandenBos of the Canadian Snowbirds aerobatic team dies in a midair collision between two CT-114 Tutors during training near Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada.
 December 11 – Thai Airways International Flight 261, an Airbus A310-300, crashes on its third attempt to land at Surat Thani Airport near Surat Thani, Thailand, in heavy rain, killing 101 of the 146 people on board and leaving all 45 survivors injured.
 December 15 – France suspends its participation in the Operation Southern Watch no-fly zone over southern Iraq, arguing that the operation has continued for too long and is ineffective.
 December 16 – Citing Iraqs failure to comply with United Nations Security Council Resolutions, U.S. President Bill Clinton orders Operation Desert Fox, a four-day air campaign against targets all over Iraq. The operation begins an increased level of combat in the Operation Southern Watch no-fly zone which will last until the invasion of Iraq in March 2003.
 December 20 – Atlantic Rowing Race co-winner Phil Stubbs is killed when the Piper PA-18 Super Cub he is piloting nosedives into Karekare Beach in New Zealand just after takeoff from Auckland. His passenger survives.
 December 30 – Iraqi 2K12 Kub (NATO reporting name "SA-6 Gainful") surface-to-air missile sites fire at American aircraft. U.S. Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcons bomb the sites in response.
 December 31 – Nepal creates the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.

First flights

January

 January 20 – Fairchild Dornier 328JET
 January 18 – Aero AT-3
 January 23 – AEA Explorer

February
 February 11 – Boeing C-32
 February 28 – Ryan (now Northrop Grumman) RQ-4 Global Hawk

March
 March 6 – Bell Eagle Eye scaled prototype tiltrotor UAV.
 March 12 – X-38 Crew Return Vehicle atmospheric test prototype

April
 April 10 – Comp Air 10

May
 May 8 – PADC Hummingbird

July
 July 26 – Scaled Composites Proteus
 July 27 – Dorna Parandeh Abi

August
 August 11 – Boeing X-40

September
 September 24 – Beriev Be-200 Altair

November
 November 10 – NASA Centurion (full-scale version)

December
 December 10 – Kamov Ka-60
 December 22 – Beechcraft Premier I
 December 23 – Sikorsky S-92

Entered service

August
 Ilyushin Il-114 with Uzbekistan Airways
 August 31 – Sukhoi Su-33 (NATO reporting name "Flanker-D") with the Russian Federation Navy (officially)

References

Aviation by year

1998 in aviation


Çevlik, Karaisalı - Adana ili Karaisalı ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çevlik, Başmakçı - Afyonkarahisar ili Başmakçı ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çevlik, Samandağ - Hatay ili Samandağ ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çevlik, Tosya - Kastamonu ili Tosya ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çevlik, Talas - Kayseri ili Talas ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çevlik, Mezitli - Mersin ili Mezitli ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Çevlik, Kadirli - Osmaniye ili Kadirli ilçesine bağlı köy
 Çevlik, Ereğli - Zonguldak ili Ereğli ilçesine bağlı köy

Türkçe yer adları

Çevlik


Konrad Eubel ou Conradus Eubel (19 de janeiro de 1842 – 5 de fevereiro de 1923) foi um historiador franciscano da Alemanha. Sua obra de referência, a Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, que apresenta uma versão mais detalhada da série episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae de Pius Bonifacius Gams, cobrindo o período de 1198 a 1592 com informações sobre os papas, cardeais e bispos da época, é o que o torna mais conhecido. Além disso, ele foi autor de trabalhos sobre a história da província franciscana da Alta Alemanha e editor de um  franciscano.

 Bullarii Franciscani epitome : sive summa bullarum in eiusdem bullarii quattuor prioribus tomis relatarum addito supplemento in quo tum gravissima illorum quattuor voluminum diplomata verbotenus recepta tum nonnulla quae in eis desiderantur documenta sunt inserta / iussu atque auspiciis Dominici Reuter a Conrado Eubel eiusdem ordinis definitore generali redacta, Apud Claras Aquas: Typis Collegii S. Bonaventurae, 1908.
 Eubel, Konrad, Geschichte der oberdeutschen (Strassburger) Minoriten-Provinz / mit Unterstützung der Görresgesellschaft herausgegeben von P. Konrad Eubel. Würzburg : F.X. Bucher, 1886.
 Eubel, Konrad, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi, sive Summorum pontificum, S. R. E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series ab anno 1198 usque ad annum perducta e documentis tabularii praesertim Vaticani collecta, digesta, edita per Conradum Eubel, 6 vols., Monasterii, Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae, 1913–1967.
Meinrad Sehi (1923). Eubel Konrad, Franziskaner-Minorit, PDF

Ligações externas

K. Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica, vol. 1,2,4-6

Franciscanos da Alemanha

Konrad Eubel


مطار دونج هوا  (بالفيتنامية: Cảng hàng không Đồng Hới أو Sân bay Đồng Hới) يقع في مقاطعة كوانج بنه في فيتنام، بني هذا المطار من قبل المستعمرين الفرنسيين في الثلاثينيات من القرن العشرين خلال حرب فيتنام، واستخدم لنقل البضائع والأشخاص من شمال فيتنام إلى جنوبها.
في 30 أغسطس 2004م بدات عملية إعادة إعمار المطار وانتهت هذه العمليات في مايو 2008. تتم الآن تسيير الرحلات مع هانوي.

شركات الطيران والوجهات

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 قائمة مطارات في فيتنام

مبان ومنشآت في مقاطعة كوانج بنه
مطارات فيتنام

مطار دونج هوا


Der Territorialdienst (Abkürzung: Ter D) ist ein Dienstzweig der Schweizer Armee, der 1887 als Territorialwesen mit einem Dienstleistungs- und Kampfauftrag durch eine Verordnung des Bundesrates entstand.

Aufgaben
Die zwei Hauptaufgaben Dienstleistungs- und Kampfauftrag blieben bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges bestehen. Der Dienstleistungsauftrag umfasste die Versorgung der Frontarmee mittels Beschaffung und Bereitstellung des Nachschubes, Übernahme des Rückschubes und Nutzbarmachung der personellen und materiellen Hilfsgüter. Der Kampfauftrag bestand in der Raumverteidigung des rückwärtigen Raumes (Bekämpfung des mit Panzer, Luftlandetruppen usw. durchgebrochenen Feindes) und der Grenzabschnitte, welche durch die Feldarmee nicht gedeckt wurden.

Mit der veränderten Kriegstechnik nach 1945 kann der Krieg überall stattfinden. Dadurch beschränkte sich der Kampfauftrag für den Territorialdienst auf die Ortsverteidigung während der Dienstleistungsauftrag zur umfassenden Logistik wurde. Die Territorialen Aufgaben umfassen heute die Gewährleistung der zivil-militärischen Zusammenarbeit sowie die Tätigkeiten in den territorialdienstlichen Fachbereichen: Schutz von zivilen Objekten zur Sicherstellung existenzieller Bedürfnisse (Objekte SEB), militärisch bedingte Massnahmen auf dem Gebiet der Energiewirtschaft, militärischer Betreuungsdienst/Unterstützung im Flüchtlingswesen.

Geschichte

Bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg
Die acht Territorialkreise von 1887 waren dem EMD unterstellt und vom Territorialkommandanten befehligt. Zur Erfüllung der Kampfaufgabe wurden jedem Kreis ein Kommandant mit 6–8 Landsturm-Bataillone zugeteilt. 1912 erhielt der Territorialdienst zusätzlich die Aufgabe, die Mobilmachung und den Aufmarsch der Armee vorzubereiten und zu sichern. Da die Territorialtruppen ihren Dienst in der Nähe ihres Wohnortes leisteten, konnten sie besonders schnell zum Einsatz gebracht werden. Die Territorialkreise wurden den Abschnittsgrenzen der acht Divisionen angepasst. Die zugeteilten Kampfbataillone wurden auf 10–13 erhöht und zusätzlich wurden die Grenzwachtkorps unterstellt. Bis zum Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges waren die Territorialkommandanten direkt dem EMD in Bern unterstellt. Dieser Eingriff des Bundes in die kantonale Souveränität wurde später wieder rückgängig gemacht.

1931 wurde der Territorialdienst dem EMD weggenommen und dem Armeekommando unterstellt. Mit der Truppenordnung von 1938 (TO 38) übernahmen die neu geschaffenen Grenzbrigaden die Aufgabe, die Landesgrenze und die Mobilmachung der Feldarmee zu sichern. Der Territorialdienst in den nun 13 Territorialkreisen beschränkte sich fortan auf die Ortsverteidigung. Eine Ausnahme bildete der Neutralitätsschutz (NSD), der von 1970 bis 1986 im Raum Basel den Territorialtruppen zugewiesen wurde.

Zweiter Weltkrieg
Am 28. August 1939, drei Tage nach der britischen Bündniszusage an Polen, wurden die schweizerischen Grenztruppen, am 29. August die vier Basler Territorial-Bataillone aufgeboten. Die Leitung des Territorialdienstes hatte vor Beginn des Aktivdienstes keine Gelegenheit gehabt, sich einzuarbeiten. Sie musste dies nach der Generalmobilmachung im Herbst 1939 nachholen. Der Territorialdienst umfasste nun 36 Bataillone. Die Stadtkommandos in  Zürich, Bern und Basel wurden vom Territorialdienst unterstützt. Während die Stadt Zürich Teil der Limmatstellung war, lag die Stadt Basel vor dieser Abwehrfront und bildete einen vorgeschobenen Stützpunkt.

Bei Kriegsbeginn stand der Dienstleistungsauftrag zur Versorgung der Armee im Vordergrund und führte zur Unterstellung des Territorialdienstes unter die Armeegruppe Ic (Rückwärtiger Dienst). Das Kriegsbild der ersten Kriegswochen in Polen veranlasste die Armeeleitung im Oktober 1939 die Kampftruppen zu verstärken. Die Armeeleitung nahm dem Territorialdienst 26 Bataillone weg und teilte sie den Armeekorps zu.

Am 11. Mai 1940 löste der General die zweite Generalmobilmachung aus und erliess einen Tag später die erste Weisung zur Bildung freiwilliger Ortswehren. Der deutsche Einmarsch in Dänemark und Norwegen hatte gezeigt, dass die Fünfte Kolonne und Sabotageakte im Landesinnern fast so entscheidend waren, wie militärische Operationen. Der General erliess deshalb die Instruktion, die Territorialdienste durch Rekrutierung von Ortswehren und Betriebswachen auf kriegstaugliche Mannschaftsstärke zu ergänzen und organisatorisch zu verselbständigen.
Mit dem Bezug des Reduit ab Juli 1940 verschob sich die Aufgabe des Territorialdienstes wieder vom Rückwärtigen Dienst vermehrt zur Ortsverteidigung und er wurde deshalb der Armeegruppe Front unterstellt. Als die Armee 1944 das Reduit teilweise wieder verliess, wurde der Dienstleistungsauftrag wieder wichtiger.

Nachkriegszeit
Der Territorialdienst wurde neu in 16 Territorialkreise eingeteilt, analog den Rekrutierungskreisen der Divisionen und Gebirgsbrigaden, und der Abteilung für Nachrichten- und Territorialdienste im Armeestab unterstellt. 1947 wurde eine vierstufige Hierarchie geschaffen: (vier) Territorialzonen, -kreise, -regionen und lokale Territorialkommandanten. In Gebieten mit ortsfesten Kampftruppen (Grenz-, Reduit- und Festungsbrigaden) wurden die Territorialtruppen den jeweiligen Truppenkommandanten unterstellt.

Die Truppenordnung 1961 (TO 61) stand unter dem Eindruck des Kalten Krieges. Die bisherigen vier Territorialzonen wurden in sechs Territorialbrigaden verwandelt und den Korpskommandanten unterstellt. 1967 wurden die Ortswehren aufgelöst und die Territorialkompanien reduziert und in Landsturmkompanien oder schwere Füsilierkompanien umgebildet.
Das 1969 gesetzlich verankerte Gesamtverteidigungskonzept führte zur Neuorganisation des Territorialdienstes. Dessen Abschnittsgrenzen wurden den Kantonsgrenzen angepasst.

Heute besteht der Territorialdienst aus vier Territorialregionen, denen Katastrophenhilfebataillone und Führungsunterstützungsbataillone unterstellt sind. Territoriale Verbindungsstäbe stellen die Kooperation zwischen zivilen kantonalen Führungsstäben und der militärischen Führung sicher.

Organisation des Territorialdienstes (Ter) im Laufe der Zeit
 1887 acht Ter Kreise (Verordnung Territorialdienst)
 1912 acht Ter Kreise (MO 1907, Landsturm als Ter Truppe, Sicherung der Mobilmachung)
 1914 Ter Grenzdeckung
 1939 dreizehn Ter Zonen (TO 36/38)
 1940 drei Ter Sektoren
 1942 vier Ter Zonen
 1944 sieben Ter Kommandos
 1947 vier Ter Zonen, Ter Kreise, Ter Regionen, Ter Lokal (Gemeinden)
 1962 sechs Ter Brigaden (Armee 61)
 1969 vier Ter Zonen
 1982 Aufstellung des Warnregiments 1 als Teil der (direkt unterstellten) Armeetruppen
 1995 vier Ter Divisionen (Armee 95)
 2014 vier Ter Regionen (Armee XXI)
2018 vier Ter Divisionen (WEA)

Literatur
 Bericht des Chefs des Generalstabes der Armee an den Oberbefehlshaber der Armee über den Aktivdienst 1939–1945, Bern 1946.
 Vorstand der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft der Offiziere des Territorialdienstes (Hrsg.): 100 Jahre Territorialdienst, 25 Jahre Schweizerische Gesellschaft der Offiziere des Territorialdienstes. 1988
 Daniel Nicolas: Le service territorial depuis 1887. Mitteilung der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft der Offiziere des Territorialdienstes Nr. 23, Emmenbrücke 1972

Weblinks
 Christian Brückner: Das Stadtkommando Basel 1939-1989 (PDF; 165 kB)
 W. Nicolas: Der Territorialdienst seit 1877. Allgemeine schweizerische Militärzeitschrift ASMZ, Heft 1, Band 154, 1988, doi:10.5169/seals-58509

Siehe auch
 Landesverteidigung

Einzelnachweise

Schweizerische Militärgeschichte
Schweizerische Geschichte (20. Jahrhundert)

Territorialdienst


A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interlinked, such as by sharing some limited governmental institutions. Unlike the personal union, in a federation and a unitary state, a central (federal) government spanning all member states exists, with the degree of self-governance distinguishing the two. The ruler in a personal union does not need to be a hereditary monarch.

The term was coined by German jurist Johann Stephan Pütter, introducing it into Elementa iuris publici germanici (Elements of German Public Law) of 1760.

Personal unions can arise for several reasons, such as:
 inheritance through a dynastic union, e.g. Louis X of France inherited France from his father and Navarre from his mother
 decolonization, where ex-colonies install the monarch of the former colonizing power as their own upon becoming independent, e.g. several former members of the British Empire (then becoming Commonwealth realms)
 autonomization, e.g. instead of annexing Finland into the Russian Empire, Alexander I of Russia organized Finland as an autonomous grand duchy and acted as its head of state

They can also be codified (i.e., the constitutions of the states clearly express that they shall share the same person as head of state) or non-codified, in which case they can easily be broken (e.g., by the death of the monarch when the two states have different succession laws).

The concept of personal union has almost never crossed over from monarchies into republics, but there have been exceptions.

Monarchies in personal union

Africa

Congo Free State and Belgium
Personal union with Belgium from 1885 to 1908, when the Congo Free State became a Belgian colony. The only sovereign during this period was Leopold II, who continued as king of Belgium until his death a year later in 1909.

Americas

Brazil
 Personal union with Portugal, under Pedro I of Brazil (Pedro IV of Portugal), from 10 March to 28 May 1826. Pedro was the Prince Royal of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves when he declared the independence of Brazil in 1822, becoming its first emperor. When his father (John VI of Portugal) died, Pedro also became King of Portugal, but abdicated the Portuguese throne 79 days later in favour of his older child Princess Maria da Glória.

Asia

Goryeo
 Personal union with Shenyang in the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China (1308–1313; King Chungseon)
 As King of Goryeo (高麗國王) and King of Shenyang (瀋陽王) in 1308–1310
 As King of Goryeo and King of Shen (瀋王) in 1310–1313

King Chungseon reigned as King of Goryeo in 1298 and 1308–1313 and as King of Shenyang or King of Shen from 1307 (according to the History of Yuan) or 1308 (according to Goryeosa) to 1316. At that time, Goryeo had already become a vassal of Yuan dynasty and the Yuan imperial family and the Goryeo royal family had close relationship by marriages of convenience. Because he was a very powerful man during Emperor Wuzong's reign, he could become the King of Shenyang where many Korean people lived in China. However, he lost his power in the Yuan imperial court after the death of the Emperor Wuzong. Because the Yuan dynasty made Chungseon abdicate the crown of the Goryeo in 1313, the personal union was ended. King Chungsuk, Chungseon's eldest son, became the new King of Goryeo. In 1316, the Yuan dynasty made Chungseon abdicate the crown of Shen in favour of Wang Go, one of his nephews, resulting in him becoming the new King of Shen.

Europe

Albania
 Medieval Albanian Kingdom personal union with the Kingdom of Naples (1272–1368)
Personal union with Kingdom of Italy (1939–1943).

Andorra
Due to Andorra's special government form resulting from the Paréage of 1278, it is a diarchy with co-princes. One of them is the Bishop of Urgell, the other was originally the Count of Foix. It is through this feudal co-prince that the Principality has entered partial personal union with:

 Kingdom of Navarre (1479–1620, then integrated into France).
 Kingdom of France (1589–1792, 1814–1815, 1815–1848).

In 1607 the feudal co-prince was Henry IV of France, who issued an edict that his position should be held by the French Head of State. While during the French Revolution, the new government did not take up the title, all versions of France since 1806 regardless of their government form have accepted that their head of state is an ex officio co-prince. This led to personal unions with:

 First and Second French Empires (1806–1814, 1815–1815 and 1852–1870).
 Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Republics of France (1848–1852, 1870–1940, since 1944).
 French State (known as Vichy France, 1940–1944, in dispute with Free France).

Austria
 Personal union with Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1260–1276, 1306–1307, 1438–1439, 1453–1457, and 1526–1918).
 Personal union with Lands of the Hungarian Crown (1437–1439, 1444–1457, and 1526–1918).
 Personal union with Austrian Netherlands (1714–1795).
 Personal union with Spanish Empire (1519–1521).
 Personal union with Kingdom of Naples (1714–1735), Kingdom of Sardinia (1714–1720), Kingdom of Sicily (1720–1735), Duchy of Parma (1735–1748), Venetia (1797–1805) and Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (1814–1859)
 Personal union with Kingdom of Slavonia (1699–1868), Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739), Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (1772–1918), Duchy of Bukovina (1774–1918), New Galicia (1795–1809), Kingdom of Dalmatia (1797–1805 and 1814–1918) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878/1908–1918).

Bohemia
 Personal union with Poland 1003–1004 (Bohemia occupied by Poles)
 Personal union with Poland 1300–1306 and Hungary 1301–1305 (Wenceslas II and Wenceslas III)
 Personal union with Luxembourg 1313–1378 and 1383–1388
 Personal union with Hungary 1419–1437 (Sigismund of Luxemburg) and 1490–1526 (Jagellon dynasty)
 Personal union with Austria and Hungary 1438–1439 (Albert II of Germany), 1453–1457 (Ladislaus the Posthumous) and 1526–1918 (disputed during 1619–1620 by Frederick of Palatine and 1741–1743 by Charles Albert)

Brandenburg
 Personal union with the Principality of Ansbach from 1415 to 1440 and 1470 to 1486.
 Personal union with the Duchy of Prussia from 1618, when Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia, died without male heirs and his son-in-law John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, became ruler of both countries. Brandenburg and Prussia maintained separate governments and seats of power in Berlin and Königsberg respectively until 1701, when Frederick I consolidated them into one government.

Croatia

 Personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary 1102–1918

Denmark
 Personal union with Norway (986–995, 1000–1014, 1028–1035, 1042–1047, 1380–1397, 1397–1523 (Kalmar Union) and 1524–1814 (Denmark–Norway)).
 Personal union with England (1013–1014, 1018–1035 (North Sea Empire) and 1040–1042).
 Personal union with Sweden (1397–1523 (Kalmar Union)).
 Personal union with Duchy of Schleswig (1086–1364, 1460–1864) and County/Duchy of Holstein (1460–1864).
 Personal union with County of Oldenburg (1667–1773)
 Personal union with Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg (1814–1864)
 Personal union with Iceland (1918–1944).

England
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with Denmark (1013–1014, 1018–1035 (North Sea Empire) and 1040–1042).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with Duchy of Normandy (1066–1087, 1106–1144, 1154–1204/1259).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with the County of Anjou (1154–1204).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with much of France (Angevin Empire) (1154–1214).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with Aquitaine (1154–1453).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with Principality of Wales (1284–1542).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with Kingdom of France (1422–1453). See also: Dual monarchy of England and France.
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with Lordship of Ireland (1171–1542) and Kingdom of Ireland (1542–1649, 1660–1707).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with Kingdom of Spain (1556–1558).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with Kingdom of Scotland (1603–1649, 1660–1707).1
 Personal union, as Kingdom of England, with Principality of Orange (1689–1702).

1: After 1707, see Great Britain below.

France
 Personal union, as part of the Angevin Empire, with the Kingdom of England (1154–1214).
 Personal union with the Kingdom of England (1422–1453). See also: Dual monarchy of England and France.
 Personal union with the Kingdom of Naples under the rule of Charles VIII (1495) and Louis XII (1501–1504).
 Personal union with the Duchy of Milan under the rule of Louis XII (1499–1500 and 1500–1512) and Francis I (1515–1521 and 1524–1525).
 Personal union with the Kingdom of Scotland under the rule of Francis II (1559–1560).
 Personal union with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under the rule of Henry III (1574–1575).
 Personal union with the Kingdom of Navarre (1284–1328 and 1589–1620).
 Partial personal union with Andorra since 1607 (the French head of state is one of two joint heads of state in Andorra)
 Personal union under Napoleon with Italy and the Confederation of the Rhine.

Note: The point at issue in the War of the Spanish Succession was the fear that the succession to the Spanish throne dictated by Spanish law, which would devolve on Louis, le Grand Dauphin — already heir to the throne of France — would create a personal union that would upset the European balance of power; France had the most powerful military in Europe at the time, and Spain the largest empire.

Georgia
 Kingdom of Iberia and Colchis were connected power of the monarch in 300–90 years BC (Pharnavazid dynasty).
 Kingdom of Pontus and Colchis were connected power of the monarch in 109 BC–64 AD.
 1000–1010 Kingdom of Abkhazia and Iberia ruled by Bagrat III. In 1010 it united (together with the annexed Kakheti kingdom) into a single Kingdom of Georgia.
Kingdom of Kakheti and Hereti were connected power of the monarch in 1020s–1104.
 Principality of Mingrelia and Principality of Abkhazia in the 1557–1660 years under the rule of the House of Dadiani
 Kingdom of Kartli and Kingdom of Kakheti united under the rule of a single monarch in 1513–1520 (David X), 1625–1633 (Teimuraz I), 1648–1658 (Rostom), 1660–1664 (Vakhtang V), 1723 (Constantine II/III), to finally unite the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti in 1762 under the reign of Heraclius II and his descendants.
 Kingdom of Imereti and Principality of Guria united under the rule of a single monarch in 1681–1683 (George IV/III), 1701–1702, 1713–1714 (Mamia (III)) and 1720 (George VIII/IV).

Great Britain
Before 1707, see England and Scotland.

 Personal union with Kingdom of Ireland (1707–1801).
 Personal union with Electorate of Hanover (1714–1801).

After 1801, see United Kingdom below.

Hanover
 Personal union with Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1801.
 Personal union with the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1807 and again from 1814 to 1837, when differing succession laws resulted in Queen Victoria ascending the British throne and her uncle Ernest Augustus that of Hanover.
 The personal union was interrupted from 1807 to 1813 when Hanover was merged into the Kingdom of Westphalia during the Napoleonic Wars. A few months after the Battle of Leipzig, the Kingdom of Hanover was re-established.

Holy Roman Empire
 Personal union with the Kingdom of Sicily from 1194 to 1254 under the Hohenstaufen dynasty.
 Personal union with Spain from 1519 to 1556 under Charles V.
 Personal union with Hungary 1410–1439, 1556–1608, 1612–1740 and 1780–1806.
 Personal union with Kingdom of Naples (1714–1735), Kingdom of Sardinia (1714–1720), Kingdom of Sicily (1720–1735)

Hungary
 Personal union with Croatia 1102–1918 (see  above for details).
 Personal union with Poland and Bohemia 1301–1305.
 Personal union with Poland from 1370 to 1382 under the reign of Louis the Great. This period in Polish history is sometimes known as the Andegawen Poland. Louis inherited the Polish throne from his maternal uncle Casimir III. After Louis' death the Polish nobles (the szlachta) decided to end the personal union, since they did not want to be governed from Hungary, and chose Louis' younger daughter Jadwiga as their new ruler, while Hungary was inherited by his elder daughter Mary. Personal union with Poland for the second time from 1440 to 1444.
 Personal union with Naples from 1385 to 1386 under the reign of Charles III of Naples.
 Personal union with Bohemia, 1419–1439 (with both in interregnum during 1437–1438), 1453–1457 and 1490–1918.
 Personal union with the Archduchy of Austria, 1437–1439, 1444–1457, and 1526–1806.
 Personal union with the Holy Roman Empire, 1410–1439, 1556–1608, 1612–1740 and 1780–1806.
 Real union with Austria, 1867–1918 (the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary) under the reigns of Franz Joseph and Charles IV.

Iceland
 Personal union with Denmark from 1918 to 1944, when the country became a republic.

Ireland
 Personal union, as Kingdom of Ireland, with the Kingdom of England (1542–1649 then again following the restoration 1660–1707).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of Ireland, with the Kingdom of Scotland (1603–1649 then again following the restoration 1660–1707).
 Personal union, as Kingdom of Ireland, with the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801)
 Personal union, as Irish Free State (1922–1937) then as Éire (1937–1949), with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (The period 1937–1949 is disputed).

Italy
 Personal union with Kingdom of Albania (1939–1943).
Personal union with the Ethiopian Empire (1936–1941)

Lithuania
 Personal union (the Polish-Lithuanian Union) with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland 1386–1401, 1447–1492 and 1501–1569; then transformed into a federation, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Luxembourg
 Personal union with Bohemia, 1313–1378 and 1383–1388.
 Personal union with the Netherlands from 1815 to 1890, when King and Grand Duke William III died leaving only a daughter, Wilhelmina. Since Luxembourg held to Salic Law, Wilhelmina's distant cousin Adolphe succeeded to the Grand Duchy, ending the personal union.

Naples
 Personal union with Kingdom of Hungary from 1385 to 1386 under the rule of Charles II of Hungary.
 Personal union with Crown of Aragon (1442–1458 and 1504–1516).
 Personal union with Kingdom of France under the rule of Charles VIII (1495) and Louis XII (1501–1504).
 Personal union with Kingdom of Spain (1516–1714).
 Personal union with Holy Roman Empire (1714–1735).
 Personal union with Kingdom of Sicily from 1735 to 1806 under the rule of the House of Bourbon.

Navarre
 Personal union with France from 1285 to 1328 due to the marriage between Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre and the reign of their three sons, and from 1589 to 1620 due to the accession of Henry IV, after which Navarre was formally integrated into France.

Netherlands
 Personal union with Luxembourg from 1815 to 1890.

Norway
 Sweyn Forkbeard ruled both Norway and Denmark from 999 to 1014. He also ruled England from 1013 to 1014.
 Cnut the Great ruled both England and Denmark from 1018 to 1035. He also ruled Norway from 1028 to 1035.
 Personal union with Denmark 1042–1047. Magnus I of Norway, who died of unclear circumstances, ruled both Norway and Denmark.
 Personal union with Sweden from 1319 to 1343.
 Personal union with Sweden from 1449 to 1450.
 Personal union with Denmark from 1380 to 1389/97.
 The Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden from 1389/97 to 1521/23 (sometimes defunct).
 Personal union with Denmark 1523 to 1814.
 Personal union with Sweden from 1814 (when Norway declared independence from Denmark and was forced into a union with Sweden) to 1905.

Poland

 Personal union with the Kingdom of Bohemia from 1300 to 1306.
 Personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary, 1301–1305, 1370–1382 and 1440–1444 (see Hungary section above).
 Personal union between the Duchy of Płock and Duchy of Wizna in 1345–1351, 1381–1382 and 1435–1495.
 Personal union with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1386 to 1401, 1447 to 1492, and 1501 to 1569.
 Personal union with the Kingdom of France from 1574 to 1575.
 Personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden from 1592 to 1599.
 Personal union with the Duchy of Ruthenia (Ukraine) in 1658.
 Personal union with the Electorate of Saxony, 1697–1706, 1709–1733 and 1734–1763.
 Personal union with the Russian Empire from 1815 to 1831.

Pomerania
 Personal union between Pomerania-Stolp and Pomerania-Stargard from 1395 to 1402 and from 1403 to 1478.

Portugal
 Iberian Union with Spain from 1580 to 1640, under Philip II (also known as Philip I of Portugal), his son and grandson.
 Personal union with Brazil, under Peter I of Brazil (Peter IV of Portugal), from 10 March 1826 to 28 May 1826. Peter was the Prince Royal of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves when he declared the independence of Brazil in 1822, becoming its first emperor. When his father (John VI of Portugal) died, Peter became also king of Portugal for only a few weeks, after which he abdicated the Portuguese throne in favor of his older daughter, Princess Maria da Glória.

Prussia
 Brandenburg-Prussia: personal union between the Margraviate of Brandenburg and Duchy of Prussia (1618–1701).
 Personal union between Kingdom of Prussia and Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (later United Baltic Duchy) (1918).
 Personal union between Kingdom of Prussia and Principality of Neuchâtel, 1707–1806 and 1814–1848. The King of Prussia exchanged territories with France during the 1806–1814 interim.
 Personal union between Kingdom of Prussia and the German Empire, 1871–1918.

Romania
 Personal union between Wallachia and Moldavia from 1859 to 1862 under the rule of Alexandru Ioan Cuza

Russia
 Personal union between the Russian Empire and the Lordship of Jever from 1793 to 1818

Sardinia
 Personal union with Kingdom of Spain (1516–1708).
 Personal union with Holy Roman Empire (1714–1720).
 Personal union with Duchy of Savoy from 1720.

Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha

In 1826, the newly created Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was initially a double duchy, ruled by Duke Ernest I in a personal union. In 1852, the duchies were bound in a political and real union. They were then a quasi-federal unitary state, even though later attempts to merge the duchies failed.

Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach
The duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach were in personal union from 1741, when the ruling house of Saxe-Eisenach died out, until 1809, when they were merged into the single duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

Schleswig and Holstein
Duchies with peculiar rules for succession. See the Schleswig-Holstein Question.

The kings of Denmark at the same time being dukes of Schleswig and Holstein 1460–1864. (Holstein being part of the Holy Roman Empire, while Schleswig was a part of Denmark). The situation was complicated by the fact that for some time, the Duchies were divided among collateral branches of the House of Oldenburg (the ruling House in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein). Besides the "main" Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Glückstadt, ruled by the Kings of Denmark, there were states encompassing territory in both Duchies. Notably the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp and the subordinate Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Beck, Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
The duchies of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen were in personal union from 1909, when Prince Günther of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt succeeded also to the throne of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, until 1918, when he (and all the other German monarchs) abdicated.

Scotland
 Personal union, as Kingdom of Scotland, with the Kingdom of France during the reign of Francis II (1559–1560), first husband of Mary, Queen of Scots.
 Personal union, as Kingdom of Scotland, with the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland (1603–1707) following the accession of James VI, King of Scots, to the joint English and Irish throne. (All monarchs of Scotland were in a personal union with England and Ireland throughout the period 1603–1707, with the exception of Charles II, reigning solely as King of Scots 1649–1651, and the subsequent interregnum between 1651 and restoration of the House of Stuart in 1660)1
 Personal union, as Kingdom of Scotland, with the Dutch Republic (1689–1702) during the reign of William II of Scotland.

1: After 1707, see Great Britain above. After 1801, see United Kingdom below.

Sicily
 Union (or personal union) with the Holy Roman Empire from 1194 to 1254 under the rule of the House of Hohenstaufen.
 Personal union with the Crown of Aragon from 1282 to 1285 and 1409 to 1516 under the rule of the House of Barcelona and the House of Trastámara.
 Personal union with the Kingdom of Spain from 1516 to 1713 under the rule of the House of Habsburg and the House of Bourbon.
 Personal union with the Duchy of Savoy from 1713 to 1720 under the rule of Victor Amadeus II of Savoy.
 Personal union with the Holy Roman Empire from 1720 to 1734 under the rule of Charles VI of Habsburg.
 Personal union with the Kingdom of Naples from 1735 to 1806 under the rule of the House of Bourbon.
Leon, Castile and Aragon
 Kingdom of León, Kingdom of Galicia and Kingdom of Asturias (914–924).
 Kingdom of León and Kingdom of Castile (1037–1065 and 1072–1230).
 Crown of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre (1076–1134).
 Crown of Aragon and Kingdom of Sicily (1412–1516).
 Crown of Aragon and Kingdom of Naples (1442–1458 and 1504–1516).
 Crown of Castile and Duchy of Burgundy (1506).
 Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon from 1516 to 1715, during Habsburg Spain and until the Nueva Planta decrees (1707–1715) annexed the different territories of the Crown of Aragon to the Crown of Castile, converting Spain into a real union.

Spain
 Personal union with Archduchy of Austria and Austrian dynastic lands (1519–1521).
 Personal union with Holy Roman Empire (1519–1556) under Charles I.
 Personal union with Kingdom of Naples (1516–1714), Kingdom of Sardinia (1516–1708), Kingdom of Sicily (1516–1713) and Duchy of Milan (1540–1706).
 Personal union with Habsburg Netherlands (1516–1581) and Spanish Netherlands (1581–1714).
 Personal union with Kingdom of England (1556–1558).
 Personal union (Iberian Union) with Kingdom of Portugal (1580–1640).
 Personal union with the Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (modern-day Colombia) (1810–1813), according to the Constitution of this country, which was not recognized by the Spanish Crown, which still considered these territories to be part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada.

Sweden

 Personal union with Norway from 1319 to 1343.
 Personal union with Scania from 1332 to 1360.
 The Kalmar Union with Denmark and Norway from 1389/97 to 1521/23 (sometimes defunct).
 Personal union with Norway from 1449 to 1450.
 Personal union with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1592 to 1599.
 Swedish kings united their kingdom with Estonia (1581–1721), Livonia (1629–1721), Karelia (1617–1721), Scania (1645–1721), Bremen-Verden (1648–1719), Pomerania (1630–1815), Wismar (1648–1803) and Ingria (1583–1595 and 1617–1721).
 Personal union with Norway from 1814 to 1905.

United Kingdom
 Personal union with the Electorate of Hanover (1801–1806).
 Personal union with the Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1837).
 Personal union with the Irish Free State (1922–1937) and Ireland (de jure) from 1937 to 1949;
 The former Dominions and Commonwealth realms:
Newfoundland (1907–1934),
South Africa (1910–1961),
India (1947–1950),
Pakistan (1947–1956),
Ceylon (now Sri Lanka; 1948–1972),
Ghana (1957–1960),
Nigeria (1960–1963),
Sierra Leone (1961–1971),
Tanganyika (1961–1962),
Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1976),
Uganda (1962–1963),
Kenya (1963–1964),
Malawi (1964–1966),
Malta (1964–1974),
The Gambia (1965–1970),
Guyana (1966–1970),
Mauritius (1968–1992),
Fiji (1970–1987),
Barbados (1966–2021).
 Personal union with the current Commonwealth realms:
Canada since 1867,
Australia since 1901,
New Zealand since 1907,
Jamaica since 1962,
The Bahamas since 1973,
Grenada since 1974,
Papua New Guinea since 1975,
Solomon Islands since 1978,
Tuvalu since 1978,
Saint Lucia since 1979,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines since 1979,
Antigua and Barbuda since 1981,
Belize since 1981,
Saint Kitts and Nevis since 1983.

Wales
 Personal union, as Principality of Wales, with Kingdom of England (1284–1542).

After 1542, see England above.

Republics in personal union
Because heads of state and government of republics are ordinarily chosen from within the citizens of the state in question, sovereign republics rarely share common leaders. However, there have been exceptions over time:

 Uniquely, the President of France is ex-officio a constitutional monarch (or, more accurately, diarch) in neighboring Andorra, with the title of Co-Prince. This status was inherited from the role of the French monarchs in Andorra.
 During the later stages of the Spanish American Wars of Independence, Simón Bolívar was simultaneously President of Gran Colombia (24 February 1819-4 May 1830), President of Peru (10 February 1824–28 January 1827), and President of Bolivia (12 August 1825-29 December 1825). Bolívar had as President and military Commander-in-Chief of Colombia led a Colombian army to secure Peruvian independence in 1824-25, and was given the office of President by the Patriot republican governments of both Peru and Bolivia (renamed in his honor from "Upper Peru") as an emergency measure to help secure independence from Spain. After the end of the war, Bolívar relinquished his Peruvian and Bolivian offices and returned to Colombia.
 In 1860 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius was simultaneously elected as the president of Transvaal and Orange Free State. He tried to unify the two countries, but his efforts failed, leading to the Transvaal Civil War.

See also
Composite monarchy
Confederation
Dynastic union
King-Emperor
Political union
Dual mandate

Notes

References

Political systems

Personal union


Karaçukur, Gazipaşa - Antalya ili Gazipaşa ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karaçukur, Büyükorhan - Bursa ili Büyükorhan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karaçukur, İskilip - Çorum ili İskilip ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karaçukur, Anamur - Mersin ili Anamur ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karaçukur, Alaçam - Samsun ili Alaçam ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Garaçuhur - Azerbaycan'da bir yerleşim.

Karaçukur


لوكاس سيفيرينو  ، من مواليد 3 يناير 1979 في ريبيراو بريتو في البرازيل ، لاعب كرة قدم برازيلي.

يلعب مع نادي إف سي طوكيو.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في اليابان
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برازيليون مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من ريبيراو بريتو
لاعبو الدوري البرازيلي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الياباني للدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري الياباني للدرجة الثانية
لاعبو أتلتيكو بارانيس
لاعبو رين
لاعبو غامبا أوساكا
لاعبو كروزيرو
لاعبو كرة القدم البرازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم برازيليون أولمبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2000
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون برازيليون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في اليابان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم من ريبيراو بريتو
لاعبو كرة قدم من ولاية ساو باولو
لاعبو نادي بوتافوغو اس بي
لاعبو نادي طوكيو
لاعبو نادي كورينثيانز
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1979
مواليد في ريبيراو بريتو

لوكاس سيفيرينو


La elasticidad precio de la oferta (EPO o Es) es una medida utilizada en economía para mostrar la respuesta, o elasticidad, de la cantidad ofrecida de un bien o servicio ante cambios en su precio.

Cuando el coeficiente es menor que uno, la oferta del bien puede describirse como inelástica. Cuando el coeficiente es mayor que uno, la oferta puede describirse como elástica. Una elasticidad de cero indica que la cantidad ofrecida no responde a cambios en el precio: está "fijada" en la oferta. Este tipo de bienes normalmente no tienen componente laboral, o bien no son producidos, limitando las posibilidades de expansión en el corto plazo. Si el coeficiente es exactamente uno, se dice que el bien es unitariamente elástico.

La cantidad de bienes ofrecidos puede, en el corto plazo, ser diferente de la cantidad producida, ya que los productores tienen stocks que pueden aumentar o disminuir.

La oferta es elástica cuando las variaciones en los precios causan sensibles alteraciones en la misma. Los autos y los libros tienen una oferta elástica ya que cuando suben los precios, aumenta el volumen de la oferta, incrementarse debido a que las fábricas pueden trabajar más tiempo y producir más.

Elasticidades de la oferta seleccionadas
 Gasóleo para calefacción
 1.57 (corto plazo)
 Gasolina
 1.61 (corto plazo)
 Tabaco
 7.0 (largo plazo)
 Vivienda
 1.6–3.7 (largo plazo)
 Algodón
 0.3 (corto plazo)
 1.0 (largo plazo)
 Acero
 1.2 (largo plazo)

Fórmula
Existe una fórmula para poder sacar la elasticidad  del precio de la oferta de un producto que consiste en:

Elasticidad precio de la oferta = variación proporcional en la cantidad ofrecida (Δ%Qo)/ variación proporcional en el precio (Δ%P)
     (Diferencia entre Q1 y Q2) / (1 % de Q1) = (Δ%Qo)          (Diferencia entre P1 y P2) / (1 % de P1) = (Δ%P)

Entonces podríamos decir que la manera simplificada se desarrolla de la siguiente manera:

                     {(Diferencia entre Q1 y Q2) /  (1 % de Q1)} / {(Diferencia entre P1 y P2) / (1 % de P1)}

Donde:
      Q1 es la primera cantidad ofertada en un lapso de tiempo determinado.
      Q2 es la segunda cantidad ofertada en el mismo lapso de tiempo.
      P1 Es la primera cantidad del precio del objeto a ofertar.
      P2 es la segunda cantidad del precio del objeto a ofertar.

Véase también

Elasticidad precio de la demanda
Oferta y demanda

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Elasticidad (economía)

fr:Élasticité de l'offre

Elasticidad precio de la oferta


Gustave Camille Gaston Cariot né à Paris le  et mort dans la même ville le  est un peintre français de la mouvance pointilliste.

Biographie
Gustave Cariot peint des paysages de Bretagne et de Rhénanie et de nombreuses scènes campagnardes dans un style pointilliste. Il expose à partir de 1903 au Salon des indépendants.

Attentif aux variations lumineuses et colorées des changements de saisons, Cariot peint des séries de vues urbaines parisiennes (toitures, Pont Neuf…) et réalise une série de paysages champêtres intitulée « Le Poème des saisons », où chaque tableau représente un mois différent.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 André Rouveyre et Frantz Jourdain, Exécution secrète d'un peintre par ses confrères. Avec la défense du président du Salon d'automne. Documents publiés par André Rouveyre, Paris, Mercure de France, 1912,
 Gérald Schurr, Pierre Cabanne, Dictionnaire des petits maîtres de la peinture : 1820-1920, , éd. de l'Amateur, 1996.

Liens externes

Peintre français du XIXe siècle
Peintre français du XXe siècle
Peintre post-impressionniste français
Peintre pointilliste français
Peintre paysagiste français
Naissance en juin 1872
Naissance dans le 4e arrondissement de Paris
Décès en mars 1950
Décès dans le 7e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 77 ans

Gustave Cariot


Sankt Martins Katedralen (, , ) er en katedral i Bratislava i Slovakiet. Katedralen er domkirke for Ærkebispedømmet Bratislava i Den romersk-katolske kirke. Den er desuden kendt for at have været kroningskirke for de ungarske konger mellem 1563 og 1830.

Katedralen ligger i den vestlige udkant af Den Gamle By nedenfor Bratislava Slot. Den er den største og en af de ældste kirker i Bratislava.

Domkirker
Kroningskirker
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Bratislava

Sankt Martin-katedralen (Bratislava)


لميس اسم عربي أنثوي، وقد يشير إلى إحدى الشخصيات التالية:

 لميس جابر: كاتبة مصرية، مؤلفة (مسلسل الملك فاروق)
 لميس الحديدي: إعلامية مصرية.
 لميس ضيف: كاتبة وإعلامية بحرينية.
 لميس بنت عمرو: صحابية
 لميس بنت نوف بن يريم ذي مرع: ملكة يمنية
 لميس العلمي: وزيرة فلسطينية

لميس (توضيح)


El topónimo Cynthiana puede hacer referencia a varios lugares de Estados Unidos:

 Cynthiana, un pueblo en el estado de Indiana;
 Cynthiana, una ciudad en el estado de Kentucky;
 Cynthiana, un lugar designado por el censo en el estado de Ohio.

Cynthiana


Maarten van Veen, né le , est un pianiste et chef d'orchestre néerlandais.

Biographie

Récompenses et distinctions

Notes et références

Liens externes

Pianiste néerlandais
Naissance en avril 1971
Lieu de naissance inconnu
Chef d'orchestre néerlandais

Maarten van Veen


Jack Thompson, AM (born John Hadley Pain; 31 August 1940) is an Australian award-winning actor, who is a major figure of Australian cinema, particularly Australian New Wave.

He is best known as a lead actor in several acclaimed Australian films, including such classics as Petersen in 1974, Sunday Too Far Away in 1975,  The Club in 1980 and The Man from Snowy River (1982)

In 2002, he was made an honorary member of the Australian Cinematographers Society

Thompson won Cannes and AFI acting awards. He was the recipient of a Living Legend Award at the 2005 Inside Film Awards.

Early life
Born John Hadley Pain in Manly, a suburb of Sydney, Thompson was three years old when his mother died, leaving his father, a merchant seaman, unable to care for him and his brother, David. He was sent to "LakeHouse orphanage" in Narrabeen by his aunt and subsequently adopted by the poet and ABC broadcaster John Thompson and his wife Pat, after which he changed his surname. Jack is film reviewer Peter Thompson's adopted brother.

Thompson was educated at Sydney Boys High School. He left school at 14, and became a jackaroo in the Northern Territory, as well as taking labouring jobs in New South Wales.

After working in an agricultural lab, Thompson at the age of 20, joined the army in 1960 so that he could earn a science degree.

Career

Theatre
He enrolled at the University of Queensland in 1963 and transferred to an arts degree, performing in theatre at night, including the Twelfth Night Theatre and UQ Dramatic Society in Brisbane.

His talent was nurtured and developed at the Producers Authors Composers and Talent (PACT) Centre.

He appeared on stage in The Devils in 1968.

Television roles
Thompson decided to take acting seriously, giving himself twelve months to make a go of it.

His TV career began with the soap opera Motel (1968), and subsequently he had guest appearances on numerous serials including Riptide, Woobinda, Animal Doctor, Skippy, The Rovers, Division 4, Homicide and Matlock Police. He also appeared in a documentary short Personnel, or People? (1969), directed by Donald Crombie.

Thompson took the lead role in spy drama series Spyforce (1971–73), playing the role of Erskine who did missions in World War II.

He continued to guest star on shows such as Over There, Matlock Police (again), Ryan, Boney and Elephant Boy.

He guest starred on The Evil Touch and Homicide again; he also appeared in Marijuana: Possession and the Law (1974).

Films and stardom
Thompson made his film debut in That Lady from Peking in 1968, whilst his first lead role was in TV movie Silo 15 (filmed in 1969 and released in 1971).

He had a key support role in Wake in Fright in 1971, and received excellent reviews for his performance in one of the stories in Libido in 1973, with his segment written by David Williamson, and starred in TV movie Linehau also in 1973.

Thompson became an Australian film star playing the title role in Petersen (1974), written by Williamson and directed by Tim Burstall. The film was a success at the box office. He did a TV movie Human Target (1974), then starred in another highly acclaimed Australian film, Sunday Too Far Away (1975), playing a shearer.

Thompson played the title role in Scobie Malone (1975), based on the Jon Cleary novel Helga's Web. It was produced by American Casey Robinson who said, "Jack Thompson is a great part of my reason to become involved in this venture. I have no doubt whatsoever that when this film is seen overseas he'll be turned instantly into an international star. There aren't many male actors like him around any more. There's something there that reminds me very much of Bogart." The film was a failure at the box office.

He did an episode of Armchair Theatre shot in Australia, "Tully".

Thompson had a support role in Caddie (1976), directed by Crombie, which was a big success.

Thompson had become nationally famous playing "macho" type roles. "I think it reflects
its time so accurately," he said later. "There was a preoccupation with the macho Australian male, it's a thing that had to be examined or purged in film."

Character actor
Thompson then deliberately decided to take character parts, out of a fear of typecasting and "also an understanding that unless I could get out of that target area, then I wouldn't be allowed to be seen as an actor."

He guest starred in an episode of Luke's Kingdom and played the second lead in Mad Dog Morgan (1976) with Dennis Hopper. He took some time off to work on a script with his brother then had a key support role in The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (1978). He supported imported stars Karen Black and Keir Dullea in a TV movie shot in Australia, Because He's My Friend (1978).

Thompson returned to acting after another break to play the lead role in a sex comedy, The Journalist (1979). "I haven't made any films since then because I haven't liked the parts I've been offered, and also I've been too busy promoting the Australian film industry overseas", said Thompson at the time. The film became a notorious flop. He worked on a script with his brother called Welcome Stranger.

He was offered a role in Breaker Morant (1980), directed by Bruce Beresford - the part of Private Hancock. Thompson turned it down, Beresford rewrote the script and offered him the part again, and Thompson accepted. Then filming was delayed. John Hargreaves who was to play the lawyer became unavailable; Thompson took that part and Bryan Brown played Hancock. The film was a considerable success. Thompson won Best Supporting Actor at Cannes.

Thompson supported US stars William Holden and Rick Schroeder in The Earthling (1980) then was top billed in The Club (1980), directed by Beresford from a play by Williamson.

"You get awfully fed up with the public image that you must live up to," he said in an interview around this time. "I just want to continue becoming a part of the Australian film industry, not for materialistic reasons but because I enjoy it. I not only want to act, but produce and possibly direct".

Thompson went to New Zealand to make Bad Blood (1982) playing killer Stanley Graham, then had a support role in The Man from Snowy River (1982), playing Clancy of the Overflow.

International career
Thompson went overseas to support Ingrid Bergman in A Woman Called Golda (1982). He was Lee Remick's husband in a remake of The Letter (1982), and played a British POW in Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983) with David Bowie and Tom Conti.

Back in Australia Thompson starred in a mini series about wharfies in the Depression, Waterfront (1983). He went to Europe to star in a swashbuckler for Paul Verhoeven, Flesh + Blood (1985), then returned to Australia to star in Burke and Wills (1985). This film was a box office disappointment.

Thompson supported Linda Evans and Jason Robards in a TV mini series, The Last Frontier (1986), which was a huge ratings success. In the US he had a role in Kojak: The Price of Justice (1987) then returned home to play an ASIO officer in Ground Zero (1987).

Thompson was a love interest for Stefanie Powers in Beryl Markham: A Shadow on the Sun (1988) on US TV, and had the lead in an Australian TV movie, The Riddle of the Stinson (1989), playing Bernard O'Reilly.

He co-starred with Raquel Welch in Trouble in Paradise (1989) for US TV, then did a mini series in New Zealand, The Rainbow Warrior Conspiracy (1989).

He did a US TV movie After the Shock (1990) and had a support part in Turtle Beach (1992) and Wind (1992).

He had a support part as Cliegg Lars in George Lucas's Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones (2002).

Character actor
Thompson began to increasingly work as a character actor in the US with roles in Ruby Cairo (1993), directed by Graeme Clifford, and A Far Off Place (1994).

He returned to Australia to play Russell Crowe's father in The Sum of Us (1994), then did A Woman of Independent Means (1995) in the US and Flight of the Albatross (1995) in New Zealand.

He had a support role in Broken Arrow (1996), did The Thorn Birds: The Missing Years (1996) back home and Last Dance (1996) for Beresford in the US.

Thompson starred in the Australian TV movie McLeod's Daughters (1996). He was Alicia Silverstone's father in Excess Baggage (1997), then did Under the Lighthouse Dancing (1997) in Australia. He appeared in the Clint Eastwood-directed Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1997) as Sonny Seiler, the attorney of Kevin Spacey's character, Jim Williams. (Seiler himself appeared in the movie as the judge in Williams' trial.) "I was amazed at how he adapted to Geechee to fit the role of playing me," Seiler said. "It was a pleasure working with him."

Back in Australia Thompson provided a voice for The Magic Pudding (2000) and appeared in Yolngu Boy (2001). He had a support part in the new version of South Pacific (2001), the mini series based on My Brother Jack (2001), Original Sin (2001), Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones (2002), The Assassination of Richard Nixon (2004), and Oyster Farmer (2005).

Thompson had a key role in two films directed by Brett Leonard: the Marvel Comics based Man-Thing (2005) and Feed (2006), the latter written by and starring his son.

Thompson had support roles in The Good German (2006), Bastard Boys (2007), December Boys (2007), Leatherheads (2008), Ten Empty (2008), Australia (2008), Mao's Last Dancer (2009) for Beresford, The Karenskys (2009), Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2010), Rake (2010), Blinder (2013), The Great Gatsby (2013), Mystery Road (2013), Around the Block (2013), Bonnie & Clyde (2013) for Beresford, Devil's Playground (2014), Ruben Guthrie (2015), The Light Between Oceans (2016), Don't Tell (2017), Blue World Order (2017) and Swinging Safari (2018).

He has also acted in television miniseries and appeared as the host of the Channel 7 factual series Find My Family.

Other appearances
Thompson was the first nude male centrefold in Cleo in 1972. He has also appeared in television commercials, including as the face of the Bank of Melbourne for a decade, and for Claytons. Thompson is featured in a series of recordings of Australian poetry, reciting poems by Henry Lawson, Banjo Paterson, C. J. Dennis, Patrick Joseph Hartigan (aka John O'Brien) and John O'Grady (see Discography below). Interviewed in the Sydney Morning Herald he explains his love of poetry, noting that 'Poetry is sometimes seen as too arty and perhaps not a suitable interest for blokes.'

Personal life
Thompson married Beverley Hackett in 1963, and the five-year marriage produced his son Patrick Thompson. He met Leona King and her sister Bunkie in 1969, and they entered into a 15-year polyamorous relationship. Leona was 20 and Bunkie was 15 when the relationship began. Bunkie left the relationship in 1985, and is estranged from her sister. Leona remained with Thompson, and gave birth to his second son, Billy.

Thompson featured in the first episode of the Australian version of Who Do You Think You Are?, which was televised on 13 January 2008 on SBS, with Thompson discovering that his great-grandfather was Captain Thomas Pain, and his great-great uncle was Alfred Lee, a prominent figure in Sydney society, who donated the journal of Joseph Banks, from Captain Cook's navigation to Australia in the 1770s, to the Mitchell Library in Sydney.

Thompson used to own Hotel Gearin in Katoomba, Blue Mountains. He sold the hotel in June 2011.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards

 1975 AFI Award: Best Actor, for Sunday Too Far Away and Petersen
 1980 AFI Award: Best Actor in a Lead Role, for Breaker Morant
 1980 Cannes Film Festival: Best Supporting Actor, for Breaker Morant
 1986 Appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for services to the Australian film industry
 1994 AFI Award: Raymond Longford Award
 1998 Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards: Special Achievement Award
 2005 Inside Film Awards: Living Legend IF Award
 2011 Australian Film Festival: Inductee into the Australian Film Walk of Fame

Thompson also served as an UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador.

Discography
 Jack Thompson: The Bush Poems of A.B. (Banjo) Paterson (Audio recording)|The Bush Poems of A.B. (Banjo) Paterson (2008)
 Jack Thompson: The Campfire Yarns of Henry Lawson (2009)
 Jack Thompson: The Sentimental Bloke, The Poems of C.J. Dennis (2009)
 Jack Thompson: The Battlefield Poems of A.B (Banjo) Paterson (2010)
 Jack Thompson: Favourite Australian Poems (2010)
 Jack Thompson: The Poems of Henry Lawson (2011)
 Jack Thompson: Live at the Gearin Hotel (DVD & CD) (2011)
 Jack Thompson: The Poems of Lewis Carroll (2011)
 Jack Thompson: Live at the Lighthouse CD (2011)

References

External links

 Jack Thompson reads Australian Poetry on Fine Poets recordings
 Listen to Jack Thompson read Clancy of the Overflow

1940 births
Living people
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian male actors
Australian adoptees
Australian male film actors
Australian male television actors
Members of the Order of Australia
Best Actor AACTA Award winners
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor winners
Logie Award winners
Male actors from Sydney
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Goodwill Ambassadors
People educated at Sydney Boys High School
People from Manly, New South Wales

Jack Thompson (actor)


Rodrigo Ferrante Taddei  (d. 6 Mart 1980, São Paulo), Brezilyalı eski futbolcudur. Roma, Palmeiras ,Siena ve Perugia takımlarının formalarını giymiştir.

1980 doğumlular
Brezilyalı futbolcular
Yaşayan insanlar
SE Palmeiras futbolcuları
ACN Siena 1904 futbolcuları
AS Roma futbolcuları
Serie A futbolcuları
Serie B futbolcuları
İtalya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Brezilyalı gurbetçi futbolcular
İtalya'daki Brezilyalı gurbetçiler
Forvet futbolcular
AC Perugia Calcio futbolcuları
São Paulo doğumlu sporcular
Série A (Brezilya) futbolcuları
Kanat futbolcuları

Rodrigo Taddei


La Coupe des Pays-Bas de football 1901-1902, nommée la KNVB Beker, est la  de la Coupe des Pays-Bas.

Déroulement de la compétition
Tous les tours se jouent en élimination directe. À chaque tour, un tirage au sort est effectué pour déterminer les adversaires.

Finale
La finale se joue le  à Heemstede, le HFC Haarlem bat le HBS La Haye 2 à 1 et remporte son premier titre.

Notes et références
KNVB Beker 1901-1902 sur voetbalarchieven.nl

1901-1902
1901 aux Pays-Bas
1902 aux Pays-Bas
Pays-Bas


Joseph "Jef" Demuysere (* 26. Juli 1907 in Wervik; † 30. April 1969 in Antwerpen) war ein belgischer Radrennfahrer.

Jef Demuysere war Profi-Radrennfahrer von 1929 bis 1939. 1926 gewann er Paris-Arras und 1927 die Flandern-Rundfahrt in der Klasse der Unabhängigen. 1929 siegte er bei Paris-Longwy, 1930 beim Circuit de Morbihan, 1932 beim Omloop der Vlaamse Gewesten. Ebenfalls 1932 wurde er belgischer Meister im Querfeldeinrennen und 1935 nationaler Vize-Meister im Straßenrennen. Ein Höhepunkt seiner Laufbahn war der Sieg 1934 bei Mailand–Sanremo.

Viermal startete Demuysere bei der Tour de France und belegte jedes Mal einen Platz unter den ersten Zehn: 1929 wurde er Dritter und gewann eine Etappe, 1930 Vierter, 1931 wurde er Zweiter und gewann zwei Etappen und 1932 Achter. 1932 und 1933 wurde er jeweils Zweiter des Giro d'Italia. 1934 belegte er Platz elf. Zweimal wurde er Sechster bei Paris–Roubaix.

Zum 100. Geburtstag von Jef Demuysere fanden in seiner Geburtsstadt zahlreiche Feierlichkeiten statt. Eine Skulptur von ihm wurde von der Radrennfahrerin Willy Kanis enthüllt.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Radsportler (Belgien)
Belgischer Meister (Radsport)
Belgier
Geboren 1907
Gestorben 1969
Mann

Jef Demuysere


Yuika Sugasawa (født 5. oktober 1990) er en japansk fodboldspiller. Hun har spillet for Japans kvindefodboldlandshold.

Japans fodboldlandshold

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yuika Sugasawa


Bastion Priuli jedan je od splitskih bedema. Poznat je i pod nazivom  Bašćun. Nalazi se na sjeverozapadnom dijelu gradskog centra, a
sagrađen je na tadašnjem močvarnom terenu predgrađa Dobri, kojim su nekada tekli potoci
prema bastionu Šperunu.

Ovaj je bedem jedan od posljednjih sagrađenih baroknih bedema u Splitu. Izgrađen je 1667. godine narudžbom generala Antonija Priulija, u vrijeme Kandijskog rata, dok je Splitu prijetila opasnost od osmanskih napada. Za gradnju je bio je zadužen Santini, tadašnji vojni inženjer.

Početkom 20. stoljeća, dio bedema je srušen zbog probijanja Marmontove ulice.

Izvori

Građevine u Splitu
Gradske zidine u Hrvatskoj

Bedem Priuli


7587 Weckmann este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7587 Weckmann este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla de Eric Walter Elst. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,26 ua, o excentricitate de 0,16 și o înclinație de 5,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1992
Centura de asteroizi

7587 Weckmann


O HQ-10 (chinês simplificado :红旗-10 ; chinês tradicional :紅旗-10 ; pinyin : Hóng Qí-10 ; lit. 'Red Banner-10') é um míssil terra-ar de curto alcance projetado pela China Aerospace Science e Technology Corporation (CASC), atualmente em serviço como um sistema de mísseis de defesa pontual a bordo de navios de guerra da Marinha do Exército Popular de Libertação.

Usuários

Mísseis navais terra-ar
Defesa antimísseis

HQ-10


Biserica reformată din Dumbrăvioara este un monument istoric aflat pe teritoriul satului Dumbrăvioara, comuna Ernei. În Repertoriul Arheologic Național, monumentul apare cu codul 116689.05.

Note

Legături externe
 Fișă monument

Monumente istorice din județul Mureș
Biserici din județul Mureș
Biserici reformate din România
Biserici din secolul al XVIII-lea din România

Biserica reformată din Dumbrăvioara


Monkey Puzzle may refer to:

 Araucaria araucana, the monkey puzzle tree, a species of conifer
 Rathinda amor, a species of butterfly
 Monkey Puzzle (band), an a cappella music group
 The Monkey Puzzle (UFO album)
 The Monkey Puzzle (The Saints album), 1981
 Monkey Puzzle (book), a 2000 illustrated children's book by Julia Donaldson and Axel Scheffler
 Monkey Puzzle (film), a 2008 Australian film
 Monkey Puzzle, Sia's vanity record label
 "Monkey Puzzle Tree", a song by Lucia Cifarelli from her 2003 album From the Land of Volcanos

Monkey puzzle