Amenhotep I () or Amenophis I ( from Ancient Greek Ἀμένωφις), was the second Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. His reign is generally dated from 1526 to 1506 BC.

He was a son of Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari, but had at least two elder brothers, Ahmose-ankh and Ahmose Sapair, and was not expected to inherit the throne. However, sometime in the eight years between Ahmose I's 17th regnal year and his death, his heir apparent died and Amenhotep became crown prince. He then acceded to the throne and ruled for about 21 years.

Although his reign is poorly documented, it is possible to piece together a basic history from available evidence. He inherited the kingdom formed by his father's military conquests and maintained dominance over Nubia and the Nile Delta but probably did not attempt to maintain Egyptian power in the Levant. He continued the rebuilding of   temples in Upper Egypt and revolutionized mortuary complex design by separating his   tomb from his mortuary temple, setting a trend in royal funerary monuments which would persist throughout the New Kingdom. After his death, he was deified as a patron god of Deir el-Medina.

Family

Amenhotep I was the son of Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari. His elder brothers, the crown prince Ahmose Sapair and Ahmose-ankh, died before him, thus clearing the way for his ascension to the throne. Amenhotep probably came to power while he was still young himself, and his mother, Ahmose-Nefertari, appears to have been regent for him for at least a short time. The evidence for this regency is that both he and his mother are credited with founding a settlement for workers in the Theban Necropolis at Deir el-Medina. Amenhotep took his older sister, Ahmose-Meritamon, as his Great Royal Wife. Another wife's name, Sitkamose, is attested on a nineteenth dynasty stele.

Beyond this, the relationships between Amenhotep I and other possible family members are unclear. Ahhotep II is usually called his wife and sister, despite an alternative theory that she was his grandmother. He is thought to have had one son by Ahhotep II, Amenemhat, who died while still very young. This remains the consensus, although there are arguments against that relationship as well. With no living heirs, Amenhotep was succeeded by Thutmose I, who he married to his "sister", Ahmose. Since Ahmose is never given the title "King's Daughter" in any inscription, some scholars doubt whether she was a sibling of Amenhotep I.

Dates and length of reign

In Amenhotep I's ninth regnal year, a heliacal rise of Sothis was observed on the ninth day of the third month of summer. Modern astronomers have calculated that, if the observation was made from Memphis or Heliopolis, such an observation could only have been made on that day in 1537 BC. If the observation was made in Thebes, however, it could only have taken place in 1517 BC. The latter choice is usually accepted as correct since Thebes was the capital during the early 18th dynasty: hence, Amenhotep I is usually given an accession date in 1526 BC, although the possibility of 1546 BC is not entirely dismissed.

Manetho's Epitome states that Amenhotep I ruled Egypt for twenty years and seven months or twenty-one years, depending on the source. While Amenhotep I's highest attested regnal year is only his Year 10, Manetho's statement is confirmed by a passage in the tomb autobiography of a magician named Amenemhet. This explicitly states that he served under Amenhotep I for 21 years. Thus, in the high chronology, Amenhotep I is given a reign from around 1546 to 1526 BC and, in the low chronology, from around 1526 to 1506 BC or 1525 to 1504 BC, though individual scholars may ascribe dates to his reign that vary from these by a few years.

Foreign policy

Amenhotep I's Horus and Two Ladies names, "Bull who conquers the lands" and "He who inspires great terror," are generally interpreted to mean that Amenhotep I intended to dominate the surrounding nations. Two tomb texts indicate that he led campaigns into Nubia. According to the tomb texts of Ahmose, son of Ebana, Amenhotep later sought to expand Egypt's border southward into Nubia and he led an invasion force which defeated the Nubian army. The tomb biography of Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet says he also fought in a campaign in Kush, however it is quite possible that it refers to the same campaign as Ahmose, son of Ebana. Amenhotep built a temple at Saï, showing that he had established Egyptian settlements almost as far as the Third Cataract.

A single reference in the tomb of Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet indicates another campaign in Iamu in the land of Kehek. Unfortunately, the location of Kehek is unknown. It was long believed that Kehek was a reference to the Libyan tribe, Qeheq, and thus it was postulated that invaders from Libya took advantage of the death of Ahmose to move into the western Nile Delta. Unfortunately for this theory, the Qeheq people only appeared in later times, and Kehek's identity remains unknown. Nubia is a possibility, since Amenhotep did campaign there, and the western desert and the oases have also been suggested, since these seem to have fallen under Egyptian control once again.

Egypt had lost the western desert and the oases during the second intermediate period, and during the revolt against the Hyksos, Kamose thought it necessary to garrison them. It is uncertain when they were fully retaken, but on one stele, the title "Prince-Governor of the oases" was used, which means that Amenhotep's reign forms the terminus ante quem for the return of Egyptian rule.

There are no recorded campaigns in Syro-Palestine during Amenhotep I's reign. However, according to the Tombos Stela of his successor, Thutmose I, when Thutmose led a campaign into Asia all the way to the Euphrates, he found no one who fought against him. If Thutmose did not lead a campaign which has not been recorded into Asia before this recorded one, it would mean that the preceding pharaoh would have had to pacify Syria instead, which would indicate a possible Asiatic campaign of Amenhotep I. Two references to the Levant potentially written during his reign might be contemporary witnesses to such a campaign. One of the candidates for Amenhotep's tomb contains a reference to Qedmi, which is somewhere in Canaan or the Transjordan, and Amenemhet's tomb contains a hostile reference to Mitanni. However, neither of these references necessarily refer to campaigning, nor do they even necessarily date to Amenhotep's reign. The location of Amenhotep's tomb is not certain, and Amenemhet lived to serve under multiple kings who are known to have attacked Mitanni. Records from Amenhotep's reign are simply altogether too scant and too vague to reach a conclusion about any Syrian campaign.

Cultural and intellectual developments

Large numbers of statues of Amenhotep have been found, but they are mostly from the Ramesside period and relate to his continuing funerary cult, made for his posthumous funerary cult. This makes study of the art of his reign difficult. Based upon his few authentic statues, it appears that Amenhotep continued the practice of copying Middle Kingdom styles. Art in the early 18th dynasty was particularly similar to that of the early Middle Kingdom, and the statues produced by Amenhotep I clearly copied those of Mentuhotep II and Senusret I. The two types are so similar that modern Egyptologists have had trouble telling the two apart.

It was probably Amenhotep I who founded the artisans village at Deir el-Medina, whose inhabitants were responsible for much of the art which filled the tombs in the Theban Necropolis for the following generations of New Kingdom rulers and nobles. The earliest name found there is that of Thutmose I, however Amenhotep was clearly an important figure to the city's workmen since he and his mother were both its patron deities.

Amenhotep's reign saw literary developments. The Book of What is in the Underworld ('the Egyptian Book of the Dead'), an important funerary text used in the New Kingdom, is believed to have reached its final form during Amenhotep's reign, since it first appears in the decoration of the tomb of his successor Thutmose I. The Ebers papyrus, which is the main source for information on ancient Egyptian medicine, also seems to date to this time (the mention of the Heliacal rise of Sothis by which the early New Kingdom chronology is usually calculated was found on the back of this document).

It appears that during Amenhotep I's reign the first water clock was invented. Amenhotep's court astronomer Amenemheb took credit for creating this device in his tomb biography, although the oldest surviving mechanism dates to the reign of Amenhotep III. This invention was of great benefit for timekeeping, because the Egyptian hour was not a fixed amount of time, but was measured as 1/12 of the night. When the nights were shorter in the summer, these waterclocks could be adjusted to measure the shorter hours accurately.

Building projects

Amenhotep began or continued a number of building projects at temple sites in Upper Egypt but most of the structures he built were later dismantled or obliterated by his successors. From written sources it is known that he commissioned the architect Ineni to expand the Temple of Karnak. Ineni's tomb biography indicates that he created a 20-cubit gate of limestone on the south side of Karnak. He constructed a sacred barque chapel of Amun out of alabaster and a copy of the White Chapel of Senusret III. Sculpted material from these structures has been recovered from the fill of Amenhotep III's third pylon allowing some of these structures to be rebuilt at Karnak. Amenhotep also built structures at Karnak for his Sed festival, a festival by which a pharaoh's strength and vigour was renewed after reigning 30 years, but it seems likely that he died before he could use them.  A temple was constructed in Nubia at Saï, and he built temple structures in Upper Egypt at Elephantine, Kom Ombo, Abydos, and the Temple of Nekhbet.  As far as is known Amenhotep did not build anything of significance in Lower Egypt, like his father.

Mortuary complex
Amenhotep I was the first king of Egypt to separate his mortuary temple from his tomb, probably in an attempt to keep his tomb safe from robbers. This temple was sited at the north end of Deir el-Bahri. Deir el-Bahri appears to have had some sort of funerary significance for Amenhotep, since Theban Tomb 358, the tomb of his queen Ahmose-Meritamon, was also found nearby.  Amenhotep's mortuary temple was largely demolished to make way for the lower terrace of the mortuary temple constructed approximately 50 years later by Queen Hatshepsut, and only a few bricks inscribed with Amenhotep's name remain. The royal statues inside of the temple were moved to the nearby funerary temple of Mentuhotep II.

Tomb and burial
The original location of Amenhotep's tomb has not been securely identified.  A report on the security of royal tombs in the Theban Necropolis commissioned during the troubled reign of Ramesses IX noted that it was then intact, but its location was not specified. Two sites for Amenhotep I's tomb have been proposed, one high up in the Valley of the Kings, KV39 and the other at Dra' Abu el-Naga', Tomb ANB. Excavations at KV 39 suggest it was used or reused to store the Deir el-Bahri Cache, which included the king's well-preserved mummy, before its final reburial.  However, Tomb ANB is considered the more likely possibility, because it contains objects bearing his name and the names of some family members.

Mummy

Sometime during the 20th or 21st Dynasty, Amenhotep's original tomb was either robbed or deemed insecure and emptied and his body was moved for safety, probably more than once. It was found in the Deir el-Bahri Cache, hidden with the mummies of numerous New Kingdom kings and nobles in or after the late 22nd dynasty above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut and was kept in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. His mummy had apparently not been looted by the 21st dynasty, and the priests who moved the mummy took care to keep the cartonnage face-mask intact. Amenhotep's is the only royal mummy which has not been unwrapped and examined by modern Egyptologists. His body was x-rayed in 1932; his age at death was estimated at 40–50 years. He was x-rayed again in 1967, resulting in a much lower age estimate of 25 years at death based on the good condition of his teeth.

In 1980, James Harris and Edward F. Wente conducted X-ray examinations of New Kingdom Pharaoh's crania and skeletal remains, which included the mummified remains of Amenhotep I. The authors determined that the royal mummies of the 18th Dynasty bore strong similarities to contemporary Nubians with slight differences.

In April 2021 his mummy was moved to National Museum of Egyptian Civilization along with those of 17 other kings and 4 queens in an event termed the Pharaohs' Golden Parade.

CT scan
The X-ray examinations of the mummy of King Amenhotep I failed to provide consistent data or detailed information on the mummy. In the plain x-ray examination, the three-dimensional (3D) information of the mummy is projected onto a two-dimensional X-ray film. The result is the superimposition of objects and bones which makes mummy characterization less satisfactory. In contrast, CT is an advanced form of X-ray that obtains hundreds of thin sections (slices) of the body and provides more detailed reconstructed images of soft tissues as well as bones. On 4 May 2019, his mummy was investigated using non-invasive CT scanning to gain insights into his physical appearance, health, cause of death, and mummification style. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the mask, bandages, and mummy were generated using this technique. This study estimates his age at death as 35 years, based on the fusion of his epiphyses and condition of the pubic symphysis. His organs were removed through a vertical embalming incision and the body cavity stuffed with linen; the heart is present in the chest cavity. No attempt was made to remove the brain. No packing was inserted into the orbits and no subcutaneous padding is seen anywhere on the body. Each nostril was plugged with rolls of resin-treated linen. Amulets and items of jewelry are present inside the wrappings; a beaded girdle, likely of gold, is present at across the back of his hips. The body had suffered post-mortem damage at the hands of robbers, with his head, left arm, right hand, and right foot being detached; there is also a large hole in the front of his torso. Efforts were made to restore the body during his rewrapping and caching. His head and limbs were reattached, and his foot was supported by a board.

Succession and legacy

Amenhotep I is thought to have had only one child, a son who died in infancy, although some sources indicate he had no children.
Amenhotep I was succeeded by Thutmose I, apparently a senior military figure. It is unclear if there was any blood relationship between the two, although it has been suggested that Thutmose I was a son of Amenhotep's elder brother Ahmose Sipairi. Amenhotep may have appointed Thutmose I as coregent before his own death as Thutmose I's name appears next to Amenhotep's on a divine barque found by archeologists in the fill of the third pylon at Karnak. However, most scholars consider that this is only evidence of Thutmose associating himself with his royal predecessor. One text has also been interpreted to mean that Amenhotep appointed his infant son as coregent, who then predeceased him. However, the scholarly consensus is that there is too little evidence for either coregency.

Funerary cult

Amenhotep was deified upon his death and made the patron deity of the village which he opened at Deir el-Medina. His mother, who lived at least one year longer than he did, was also deified upon her death and became part of his litany. As previously mentioned, the vast majority of Amenhotep's statuary comes in the form of a funerary idol from this cult during later periods. When being worshiped, he had three deific manifestations: "Amenhotep of the Town," "Amenhotep Beloved of Amun," and "Amenhotep of the Forecourt," and was known as a god who produced oracles. Some of the questions asked of him have been preserved on ostraca from Deir el-Medina, and appear to have been phrased in such a way that the idol of the king could nod (or be caused to nod) the answer. He also had a number of feasts dedicated to him which were held throughout the year. During the first month, a festival was celebrated in honor of the appearance of Amenhotep to the necropolis workmen, which probably means his idol was taken to Deir el-Medina. Another feast was held on the thirtieth of the fourth month, and then two more were held in the seventh month. The first was the "spreading of the funeral couch for king Amenhotep," which probably commemorated the day of his death. The second, celebrated for four days at the very end of the month, was the "great festival of king Amenhotep lord of the town." Later in Egyptian history, the seventh month, "Phamenoth", was named after this festival. Another festival was held on the 27th of the ninth month, and the last known festival was held for several days between at least the eleventh and thirteenth days of the eleventh month, which in all probability commemorated the date of Amenhotep's accession to the throne.

Further light is shed upon Amenhotep's funerary cult by multiple documents which appear to detail the rituals dedicated to Amenhotep. Three papyri from the time of Ramesses II record the liturgy used by the priests, and reliefs at Karnak and Medinet Habu illustrate select rites and spells. The bulk of the rituals concern preparing for and conducting the daily offerings of libations for the idol, including a recitation of a ḥtp-dỉ-nsw formula, and purifying and sealing the shrine at the end of the day. The remainder of the rites concern how to conduct various feasts throughout the year. In these cases, Amenhotep's idol or a priest representing him is actually officiating the worship of Amun instead of being worshipped himself, which was not a typical cultic practice in ancient Egypt.

See also
 List of pharaohs

Notes

References

Print sources

Aldred, Cyril. Egyptian Art. Thames and Hudson Ltd., London. 1980.
Ashton, Sally; and Spanel, Donald. "Portraiture," The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Ed. Donald Redford. Vol. 3, pp. 55–59. Oxford University Press, 2001.
v. Beckerath, Jürgen. Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1997.
Bleiberg, Edward. "Amenhotep I," The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Ed. Donald Redford. Vol. 1, p. 71. Oxford University Press, 2001.
Borchardt, Ludwig. Altägyptische Zeitmessung (Die Geschichte der Zeitmessung und der Uhren) I. Berlin and Leipzig, 1920.
Breasted, James Henry. Ancient Records of Egypt, Vol. II University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1906. .
University of Illinois Press, 2001 (p.17)
Bryan, Betsy M. "The 18th Dynasty Before the Amarna Period." The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Ed. Ian Shaw. pp. 218–271. Oxford University Press, 2000.
Clayton, Peter. Chronicle of the Pharaohs. Thames and Hudson Ltd, 2006.
Dodson, Aidan. Amenhotep I and Deir el-Bahri. Journal of the Ancient Chronology Forum, vol.3, 1989/90
Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, London, 2004
reviewed by A.J.Veldmeijer  - Netherlands Scientific Journals in Palaeontology & Egyptology > palarch.nl
Freed, Rita E. "Art," The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Ed. Donald Redford. Vol. 1, pp. 127–136. Oxford University Press, 2001.
Grimal, Nicolas. A History of Ancient Egypt. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988. .
Helck, Wolfgang. Historisch-biographische Texte der 2. Zwischenzeit und neue Texte der 18. Dynastie. Wiesbaden, 1975.
Helck, Wolfgang; Otto, Eberhard; Drenkhahn, Rosmarie. Lexikon der Ägyptologie I. Wiesbaden.
James, T.G.H. Egypt: From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to Amenophis I. in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 2, part 1, ed. Edwards, I.E.S, et al. Cambridge University Press, 1965.
Kruchten, Jean Marie. "Oracles," The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Ed. Donald Redford. Vol. 2, pp. 609–612. Oxford University Press, 2001.
Lilyquist, Christine. Egyptian Art, Notable Acquisitions, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1980.
Nelson, Harold H. Certain Reliefs at Karnak and Medinet Habu and the Ritual of Amenophis I. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Jul., 1949)
Nelson, Harold H. Certain Reliefs at Karnak and Medinet Habu and the Ritual of Amenophis I-(Concluded). Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Oct., 1949)
Redford, Donald The Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 25 (1966).
Shaw, Ian. Exploring Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, 2003.
Shaw, Ian; and Nicholson, Paul. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. The British Museum Press, 1995.
Steindorff, George; and Seele, Keith. When Egypt Ruled the East. University of Chicago, 1942.
Wente, Edward F. Thutmose III's Accession and the Beginning of the New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, University of Chicago Press, 1975.
West, Stephanie. Cultural Interchange over a Water-Clock. The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 23, No. 1, May, 1973.

External links

Amenhotep I - The British Museum Accessed June 10, 2010

Fingerson, R. Manetho's King List
Hatshepsut: from Queen to Pharaoh, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Amenhotep I (see index)
Routledge, B. (10 September 2007) -  Statue of Amenhotep I circa 1510 BC Thebes, National Education Network, Accessed February 14, 2017
Peacock, L. - Amenhotep I temple at Deir el-Medina Accessed January 6, 2021
Saleem, Sahar N., Hawass Zahi. Digital Unwrapping of the Mummy of King Amenhotep I (1525–1504 BC) Using CT, 28 Dec. 2021; see also BBC'c article on this unwrapping: "Egyptian pharaoh's mummy digitally unwrapped for first time"

1500s BC deaths
16th-century BC Pharaohs
Ancient Egyptian mummies
Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Ancient child monarchs
Year of birth unknown
Egyptian Museum
Children of Ahmose I

Amenhotep I


ليوناردو مارتين ميليونيكو  (مواليد 31 يناير 1980 في مونتيفيديو - الأوروغواي) لاعب كرة قدم أوروغواياني يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى ليفورنو الإيطالي منذ 2009 في مركز قلب الدفاع .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون أوروغويانيون مغتربون في الأرجنتين
رياضيون أوروغويانيون مغتربون في إيطاليا
رياضيون من مونتفيدو
لاعبو 3 فبراير
لاعبو الدوري الأوروغواياني الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو بياتشينزا
لاعبو راسينغ
لاعبو سامبدوريا
لاعبو كرة قدم أوروغوايانيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم أوروغويانيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أوروغويانيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في الأرجنتين
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في الأرجنتين
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في باراغواي
لاعبو كرة قدم من مونتفيدو
لاعبو ليتشي
لاعبو نادي ليفورنو
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1980
مواليد في مونتفيدو

ليوناردو مارتين ميليونيكو


Puede referirse a cementerios ubicados en

 Cementerio Inglés, ubicado en Málaga e inaugurado en 1831.
 Cementerio de los Ingleses, que se encuentra en Madrid.

 Antiguo Cementerio Inglés, ubicado en Livorno fundado c. de 1645.
 Nuevo Cementerio Inglés de Livorno, fundado c. de 1840.
 Cementerio Inglés, ubicado en Bagni di Lucca.
 Cementerio Inglés, ubicado en Florencia e inaugurado en 1865.
 Cementerio Inglés, ubicado en Mesina.
 Cementerio Inglés, ubicado en Nápoles.
 Cementerio protestante, ubicado en Roma.

 Cementerio Inglés, ubicado en Salto.

Cementerio Inglés


Fundamental law(s) may refer to:

 Organic law, in particular,
 Constitution, in particular,
 The Russian Constitution of 1906
 The German Grundgesetz (more commonly translated as "Basic Law")
 The four individual laws that together make up the Constitution of Sweden
 The Fundamental Laws of England
 The Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
 The Fundamental Law of Hungary
 The Basic Laws of a country that does not use the term "constitution" or has an uncodified constitution
 Any of the fundamental physical laws of the universe
 In Abrahmic religions, The Ten Commandments

Fundamental law


Doña Carlota Joaquina af Spanien (født 25. april 1775, død 7. januar 1830) var en spansk infantinde, der var dronning af Portugal fra 1816 til 1822 som ægtefælle til kong Johan 6. af Portugal.

Hun var datter af Kong Karl 4. af Spanien og prinsesse Maria Luisa af Parma. I 1785 blev hun gift med kong Johan 6. af Portugal.

Referencer

Dronninger af Portugal
Kongelige fra Spanien
Prinsesser
Huset Bourbon

Carlota Joaquina af Spanien


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| nuværendehold     = Stoppet
| disciplin         = Landevejscykling
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Grand Tours
Tour de France
 2 individuelle etaper (2016)
Giro d'Italia (2017)
 4 individuelle etaper (2016, 2017, 2018)
Vuelta a España
 2 individuelle etaper (2015)
Etapeløb
BinckBank Tour (2017)
 Endagsløb og KlassikereVM i enkeltstart (2017)
Nationale mesterskaber i enkeltstart (2014, 2016, 2017)

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}}Tom Dumoulin''' (født 11. november 1990 i Maastricht) er en tidligere hollandsk professionel cykelrytter, der ved karrierestoppet i 2022 cyklede for . Han er kendt som tempospecialist og klassementsrytter. I 2017 vandt han for første gang Giro d'Italia. I 2018 blev han nummer 2 i både Giro d'Italia og Tour de France. Han har vundet etaper i alle tre Grand Tours. I 2017 vandt han verdensmesterskabet i enkeltstart, og året efter vandt han sølv.

Dumoulin deltog for Holland ved OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro, hvor han stillede op i linjeløbet, men udgik i lighed med omkring firs andre deltagere. Nogle dage senere deltog han også i enkeltstart, hvor hans tid på 1.13.02,84 timer var nok til sølvmedaljen, næsten et minut efter schweiziske Fabian Cancellara, der vandt guld, men 15 sekunder foran britiske Chris Froome på tredjepladsen. Sølvmedaljen var Hollands første OL-medalje i denne disciplin nogensinde.

Tidslinje med samlede resultater fra Grand Tours og store etapeløb

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Mandlige cykelryttere fra Nederlandene
Personer fra Maastricht
Deltagere for Holland ved sommer-OL 2016
Olympiske sølvmedaljevindere fra Holland
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2016
Cykelryttere ved sommer-OL 2020
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2020
Olympiske medaljevindere i cykling

Tom Dumoulin


ශ්‍රී සුමංගල ජාතික පාසල, නිල්දණ්ඩාහින්න යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මධ්‍යම පළාතේ නුවරඑළිය දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ නිල්දණ්ඩාහින්න  හි පිහිටි පාසලකි. එය ද්විභාෂා(සිංහල හා ඉංග්‍රීසි) අධ්‍යාපන වැඩසටහනක් සහිත ජාතික පාසලක් වන අතර  වලපනේ අධ්‍යාපන කලාපයට අයත් ප්‍රධාන පාසලකි.

ක්‍රීඩා

Pages using infobox school with coordinates not using the Coord template

2017 වසරේ අන්තර් පාසල් ටයිකොන්ඩෝ ශූරතාවලියේදී නිල්දණ්ඩාහින්න ශ්‍රී සුමංගල ජාතික පාසලේ ටයිකොන්ඩෝ කණ්ඩායම ශූරතාව දිනා ගත්තේ වසර හතරක් පිට පිටම ජයග්‍රහණය කළ එකම පාසල ලෙස ඉතිහාසයට එක්වෙමිනි.

2017  අන්තර් පාසල් ජාතික ශූරතාවලියේදී රන් පදක්කම් තුනක්, රිදී පදක්කම් 6ක් සහ ලෝකඩ පදක්කම් 13ක් සමඟින් සුමංගල කණ්ඩායම පෙරමුණ ගැනීමට සමත් විය. ඒමෙන්ම ශ්‍රී සුමංගල ජාතික පාසලේ ටයිකොන්ඩෝ කණ්ඩායම 2015 සහ 2014 සහ 2016 යන වසර වලදී ද සමස්ත ශූරතා ශූරතාව ද දිනා ගත්තේය  .

ඉතිහාසය
ඉතා ඈත ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන වර්ථමාන ශ්‍රී සුමංගල ජාතික පාසල ක්‍රි.ව 1864 වර්ෂයේ දී ආරම්භ වූ අතර ප්‍රථම විදුහල්පතිවරයා වූයේ ඒ.ඩි ඉෂෙඩ් සිරිවර්ධන මහතා ය.ආරම්භයේ දී ඉතා අඩු ශිෂ්‍ය සංඛ්‍යාවකින් ආරම්භ වූ මෙම විදුහල මිශ්‍ර පාසලක්ව පැවති මුල් යුගයේ "නිල්දණ්ඩාහින්න රජයේ පාසල" යනුවෙන් නම් කෙරුණු අතර,මෙම පාසල සතුව එවකට තිබුනේ එක් ගොඩනැගිල්ලක් පමණි.පසුකාලීනව මෙම විදුහල පිරිමි හා ගැහැණු වශයෙන් කොටස් දෙකකට වෙන්කර පවත්වාගෙන යන ලදී.පිරිමි පාසල වර්ථමාන මෙම විද්‍යාලයේ ආනන්ද ශාලාව පිහිටි ස්ථානයේ පවත්වාගෙන ගිය අතර ගැහණු පාසල නිල්දණ්ඩාහින්න නගරයේ සමූපකාර ගොඩනැගිල්ල පිහිටි ස්ථානයේ පවත්වාගෙන යන ලදි.ගැහණු පාසලේ ආරම්භක විදුහල්පතිනිය වූයේ මීගස්දෙණිය මහත්මිය වූ අතර,පසුකාලීනව වැරැල්ලගම මහත්මිය විදුහල්පතිනිය වශයෙන් කටයුතු කරන ලදි.

ඉන් පසු නැවතත් මෙම විදුහල මිශ්‍ර පාසලක් බවට පත් කෙරුණු අතර ක්‍රමයෙන් දියුණුව කරා පිය නගන්නට විය.රජයේ අනුග්‍රහයෙන් පවත්වාගෙන ගිය මෙම පාසල සදහා එවකට පැවති රජයෙන් ගොඩනැගිලි කිහිපයක් හා විද්‍යාගාරයක් ලබා දෙන ලදි.ශ්‍රී සුමංගල යන නාමය මෙම පාසලට ලබා දීමට හේතු වූයේ එවකට මල්වතු පාර්ශ්වයේ මහානායක පදවිය හෙබ වූ මෙම පාසලේ ආදි ශිෂ්‍යයකු වූ "අඹන් ඇල්ලේ ශ්‍රී සුමංගල" නායක ස්වාමින්වහන්සේට උපහාර පිදීම සදහා ය.මෙම කාර්‍යයේ දී පුරෝගාමී ව කටයුතු කරණ ලද්දේ එවකට  වලපනේ පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීතුමා වශයෙන් කටයුතු කළ ටි.බි.එම් හේරත් මැතිතුමා ය.

ක්‍රමික විකාශනයක් පෙන්නුම් කරන මෙම පාසල පසු කාලීනව 'මහා විද්‍යාලයක් බවට පත් වූ අතර '1982 දී මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලයක්' බවට පත් කරණු ලැබීය. "1993 වර්ෂයේ දී මෙම පාසල ජාතික පාසලක්" දක්වා දියුණු වූ අතර මෙම පාසලේ ප්‍රගතිය වෙනුවෙන් අතීතයේ සිට වර්ථමානය දක්වා උරදුන් විදුහල්පතිවරුන් ගණන 30ක් පමණ විය.

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නුවරඑළිය දිස්ත්‍රික්කය
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාසල්

ශ්‍රී සුමංගල ජාතික පාසල, නිල්දණ්ඩාහින්න


Chemoinformatică (de asemenea cunoscută și ca chimioinformatică) este ramura chimiei care se ocupă cu folosirea tehnicilor informatice pentru rezolvarea unor probleme teoretice. De asemenea, o importantă activitate a acestei ramuri este stocarea de informații legate de compușii chimici în baze de date informatice. În prezent, tehnicile informatice sunt folosite pe scară largă pentru descoperirea medicamentelor.

Istoric

Vezi și
 Bioinformatică
 ChemSpider
 Chimie computațională
 Matematică chimică
 Modelare moleculară

Referințe

Chimie
Informatică aplicată

Chemoinformatică


Arcana Unearthed (properly Monte Cook's Arcana Unearthed, ), first published in 2003, is a role-playing game created by Monte Cook.  Described as a "variant player's handbook", the 256-page hardcover core rulebook bears many similarities to the Player's Handbook of 3rd Edition Dungeons & Dragons, on which Cook worked a few years prior.  Arcana Unearthed is based on the d20 system of Dungeons & Dragons, but because of the rules for character advancement, it cannot be an official d20 system product. It uses the Open Gaming License.

Development
Arcana Unearthed (2003) was advertised as a "variant player's handbook" with an alternative system of d20 rules taking place in Monte Cook's setting known as "The Diamond Throne," a world controlled by giants, which was later revised as Arcana Evolved (2005).

Themes
Two of the most important themes of the game are ritual and character choices. Two examples are metamorphosis, in which faen become tiny, winged sprytes, and Chi-Julud, in which the wise giants temporarily lose their wisdom to become stronger and more warlike. Monte Cook emphasized that players should avoid archetypes (presumably referring to the character archetypes of Dungeons & Dragons) and design their characters more creatively.

Setting
The campaign setting for Arcana Unearthed is the lands of The Diamond Throne, a land ruled by giants.  The setting includes many elements of a traditional fantasy setting, along with a focus on ritual and ceremony, runes, and the magical properties of crystals.

Title confusion
Arcana Unearthed is not to be confused with Unearthed Arcana, the title of two books published in 1985 and 2004 that provided additional material for use in the then-current version of Dungeons & Dragons. The name Arcana Unearthed was chosen partially as a homage to the earlier of these two books. The announcement of the 2004 version came as an unpleasant surprise to Cook and some of his fans, who believed that they had an understanding with Wizards of the Coast that this title would not be re-used in the near future.

Reception
Arcana Unearthed won the 2004 Gold ENnie Award for Best Game, and the Silver for Best Art (Cover).

The cover, by artist Mark Zug, won the Chesley Award for Best Gaming-Related Illustration in 2005.

Arcana Evolved
Arcana Evolved is an updated "director's cut" of Arcana Unearthed released in 2005. Arcana Evolved is 432 pages in full color. It adds the contents of two previously separate books, The Diamond Throne and the Player's Companion, to the original variant player's handbook, along with new material including a new class and race, many new feats and spells, and rules for higher level characters than were possible in the original book. On the less mechanical side, it also advances the time line of the Diamond Throne campaign setting by several years - years which feature the return of dragons to the lands of the Diamond Throne, reviving an ancient rivalry with the ruling giants.

Arcana Evolved won the 2005 Gold Ennie Award for "Best Interior Art".

Additional books
Malhavoc Press have expanded the Arcana Unearthed universe with a series of books, including the rulebooks The Diamond Throne, Legacy of Dragons, Grimoire II, and Mystic Secrets, and the short story collection Children of the Rune. Some other publishers, including Blue Devil Games, have also supported the Arcana Unearthed line. Since the release of Arcana Evolved, Malhavoc has released a number of supporting books specific to the new edition, such as the Spell Treasury, Transcendence and Ruins of Intrigue.

Sue Weinlein Cook edited the 2004 short story collection Children of the Rune.

References

External links
 Arcana Evolved Products at Malhavoc Press.
 Review of Arcana Evolved at Enworld.
 d20 Magazine Rack has 3 staff reviews of Arcana Evolved:
 Review by Bruce Boughner
 Review by Chris Sims, also known as Khur
 Review by Ian Hewitt

D20 System publications
ENnies winners
Fantasy role-playing games
Role-playing games introduced in 2003

Arcana Unearthed


Olaylar
 Osmanlı Devleti'nin Anadolu Eyaleti sınırları içindeki sancaklarından biri olan Karesi Sancağı kuruldu.

Doğumlar
 4 Ocak - Wat Tyler, İngiltere'de reformlara önayak olan ve sonunda öldürülan İngiliz devrimci lider (ö. 1381)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Kaygusuz Abdal, Alevî-Bektaşî halk ozanı (ö. 1444)

Ölümler
 15 Haziran - III. Andronikos, Bizans İmparatoru (d. 1296)
 Aralık - Gediminas, Litvanya Büyük Dükü (d. 1275)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 I. Muhammed, ya da Muhammed bin Kalavun, Mısır Memlûk Sultanı (d. 1285)
 I. Vâsik, Abbasi hanedanına mensup İslam halifesi
 Seyfüddin Ebu Bekir, Mısır Memlûk Sultanı

1341


Alice MacGraw, (d. 1 Nisan 1939, New York). Amerikalı manken ve sinema oyuncusudur.

Hayatı
İrlanda asıllı Amerikalı bir baba ve Yahudi bir annenin kızıdır. Bir erkek kardeşi vardır. Wellesley Koleji mezunudur. 1960 yılında Harper's Bazaar'da fotoğraf asistanı olarak iş hayatına atılmıştır.

1969'da Larry Peerce'in çevirdiği Goodbye, Columbus ile dikkatleri çekmiş fakat asıl şöhreti 1970'te Arthur Hiller'in yönettiği Love Story ile yakalamıştır. Bu filmdeki rolüyle "En iyi kadın oyuncu" dalında Akademi Ödülü'ne aday gösterilmiştir. 1971'de Time dergisine kapak olmuştur.

24 Ekim 1969'da film yapımcısı Robert Evans ile evlenmiş fakat The Getaway filminin setinde Steve McQueen ile başlayan ilişkileri nedeniyle 1972'de boşanmışlardır. Steve McQueen ile 31 Ağustos 1973'te evlenmiş ve 1978'de boşanmışlardır. MacGraw; Convoy, Players, Just Tell Me What You Want gibi başka filmlerde ve China Rose ve The Winds of War gibi mini tv dizilerinde de rol almıştır.

MacGraw, pek iyi yazılmadığını söylediği, fakat oldukça rağbet gören bir otobiyografi (Moving Pictures) yazmıştır. Bu hayat hikâyesinde MacGraw, alkolizm ile olan mücadelesini anlatır. 1991'de People dergisi onu, "Dünyanın en güzel 50 insanı"ndan biri seçer. Kendi deyimiyle Malibu'dan "kaçtıktan" sonra uzun yıllar New Mexico'da yaşamıştır. 2006'da Festen (The Celebration) filminin galası için New York'a gelmiştir.

1939 doğumlular
Amerikalı kadın sinema oyuncuları
Amerikalı kadın dizi oyuncuları
Wellesley Kolejinde öğrenim görenler
Yaşayan insanlar
En İyi Kadın Drama Filmi Oyuncusu Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular
Yılın Yeni Kadın Yıldızı Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri
Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri
David di Donatello En İyi Yabancı Kadın Oyuncu Ödülü sahipleri
David di Donatello Ödülü sahipleri
David di Donatello Ödülü sahibi oyuncular

Ali MacGraw


Dette er en liste over længst fængslede personer.

Retsgrundlag
Ifølge Straffelovens § 33 kan tidsbegrænsede fængselsstraffe normalt højst være på 16 år (og i særlige tilfælde 20 år), men dansk lovgivning rummer også mulighed for at idømme fængselsstraf på livstid, i hvilket tilfælde der ikke principielt er nogen øvre grænse, selv om der efter 12 års afsoning åbnes for muligheden af at give prøveløsladelse. Ikke desto mindre har en del personer siddet væsentligt længere tid i danske fængsler.

Længst fængslede i Danmark
 Seth Sethsen blev i oktober 1986 idømt livsvarigt fængsel for rovmord og har pr. november 2022 siddet 37 år i fængsel.
 Palle Sørensen blev i 1966 idømt fængsel på livstid for mordet på fire politibetjente og sad næsten 33 år i fængsel, heraf ti i isolation, inden han i en alder af 71 år i 1998 blev benådet.
 William Brorson blev i 1946 idømt fængsel på livstid for et dobbeltdrab og sad fængslet til 1978, i alt 32 år.
 Steen Viktor Christensen blev idømt fængsel på livstid i 1991 og har siddet fængslet siden. Pr. november 2022 har han siddet fængslet i 31 år.
 Claus Berggren blev i 1977 idømt livsvarigt fængsel for to mord og sad fængslet til sin død i 2002, i alt 25 år.

Dertil kommer visse fanger, der er erklæret sindssyge, og som derfor afsoner på psykiatriske institutioner, fx Naum Conevski, der i 1985 blev idømt livsvarigt fængsel for et dobbeltdrab og senere blev erklæret sindssyg, hvorfor han i 1998 blev overflyttet til Sct. Hans Hospital. I alt har han pr. februar 2020 været frihedsberøvet i over 35 år.

Historisk
Den længste veldokumenterede fængsling i Danmark var formodentlig den morddømte Søren Mathiasen. Han var indsat i Horsens Straffeanstalt i 49 år (fra 1876 til 1925 hvor han blev løsladt), hvilket dog inkluderede perioder, hvor han var overført til psykiatrisk hospital. Oprindeligt blev han dømt til døden, men det blev ændret til livsvarigt fængsel.

Længst fængslede i andre lande
 Francis Clifford Smith (født 1. september 1924) blev oprindeligt dødsdømt og indsat i fængsel den 7. juni 1950. Dødsdommen blev to timer før eksekveringen i 1954 ændret til livsvarigt fængsel. Han er pr. juli 2021 fortsat indsat i fængsel, dog er han blevet overflyttet til en plejeafdeling under fængselsvæsnet.
 Charles Fossard blev i 1903 idømt for mord i Australien og sad fængslet indtil sin død i 1974, i alt næsten 71 år.
 Paul Geidel Jnr blev i 1911 idømt for mord i USA og sad fængslet indtil 1980, hvor han blev prøveløsladt i en alder af 86. I alt sad han fængslet i 68 år.

Referencer

Længst fængslede

Liste over længst fængslede


Radio del Pueblo es una estación de radio argentina que transmite desde Buenos Aires.

No guarda relación alguna con la desaparecida Radio Del Pueblo AM 1350, en cuya licencia transmite Radio Buenos Aires.

Programación
Actualmente tiene al aire una grilla que se compone de programas de interés específico, periodísticos, de interés general y musicales. Además cuenta con segmentos de música programada.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Página oficial en Facebook
Página oficial en RadioCut

Emisoras de radio de Argentina
Emisoras de radio de la ciudad de Buenos Aires

Radio del Pueblo


Dimitrie Alexandrescu () a fost un profesor de Drept civil la Universitatea din Iași (1894-1925), decan al Facultății de Drept din Iași, procuror și avocat, considerat "întemeietorului studiului comparat de drept în România" (M. Hacman), director al revistelor "Curierul judiciar" (1900-1907, 1910-1916), "Tribuna juridică" (1919-1923) și "Justiția".

A fost student la Sorbona..

Note

Legături externe

 Dimitrie Alexandrescu la Wikisource

Nașteri în 1850
Decese în 1925
Profesori de drept
Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași
Ieșeni
Avocați români
Procurori români
Absolvenți ai Facultății de Drept a Universității din Paris

Dimitrie Alexandrescu


David Hammerstein Mintz (* 23. September 1955 in Los Angeles) ist ein spanischer Politiker (Los Verdes).

Hammerstein Mintz machte den Hochschulabschluss in Soziologie an der Universität Kalifornien und arbeitete danach als Gymnasiallehrer für Naturalwirtschaft und Geographie in Godella und als Umweltberater. Von 1998 bis 2003 war er Sprecher der spanischen Grünen in der Valencianischen Gemeinschaft, von 2000 bis 2004 war er internationaler Sprecher der Grünen sowie spanischer Vertreter der Europäischen Grünen Partei. Von 2004 bis 2009 gehörte er dem Europäischen Parlament an.

Weblinks
Onlineauftritt von David Hammerstein Mintz

Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments für Spanien
Mitglied einer grünen Partei
Person (Los Angeles)
Geboren 1955
Mann

David Hammerstein Mintz


Gützkow er en by og kommune i det nordøstlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Züssow i den nordlige del af Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald. Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald ligger i delstaten Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Geografi
Gützkow er beliggende 20 kilometer syd for Greifswald og omkring 28 kilometer vest for Wolgast og nordvest for Anklam.

Floden Swinow løber mod syd gennem kommunen og munder ud i Peene, der danner den sydlige kommunegrænse. Øst for byen ligger søen Kosenowsee.

I kommunen ligger ud over byen Gützkow, landsbyerne:

Nabokommuner
Nabokommuner er Behrenhoff mod nord, Groß Kiesowmod nordøst, Züssow og Schmatzin mod øst, Groß Polzin mod sydøst, Neetzow-Liepen mod syd, byen Jarmen mod sydvest, Bentzin mod vest og Bandelin mod nordvest.

Trafik
Bundesstraße B 111 går gennem kommunen – indtil 2005 gik den igennem selve bykernen, men løber nu som en nordlig omfartsvej rundt om byen.

To kilometer vest for Gützkow passerer motorvejen A 20, i nord-sydgående retning.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Byens websted
 Kommunens side  på amtets websted

Byer i Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Kommuner i Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Amt Züssow
Byer i Kreis Vorpommern-Greifswald

Gützkow


Sanal sınıflar, uzaktan eğitim sisteminde oluşturulan sınıf ya da gruplar. Sanal sınıfları oluşturmak için gerekli teknolojik altyapı bir uzaktan eğitim sisteminden diğerine değişiklik arzetse de benzer pek çok yönlere sahiptir. Sanal sınıflara ilişkin pek çok uygulama mevcuttur.

Pek çok uygulamada, aynı kurs içinde farklı gruplar oluşturulmakta ve her farklı gruba fiziksel olarak sınıfta veya internet üzerinden farklı parolalar verilmektedir. Kendisine verilen parolayı kullanan öğrenci otomatik olarak önceden oluşturulan belli sanal gruba atanmaktadır.

Konuya ilişkin bir örnek uygulamada Moodle açık kaynak kodlu uzaktan eğitim sistemi kullanılmaktadır. Bu uygulama mühendislik yönetimi dersinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kurs herkes tarafından erişilebilmektedir. İlgili kursa kendinizi "observers" anahtarıyla kaydettiğinizde sizi ayrı bir gruba atamaktadır. Senkron fiziksel sınıflardaki gruplar ise ayrı gruplarda yer almaktadır.

Uygulamada tüm sanal sınıflar birbirlerini forumlarda görebilir ve tartışabilirler. Sistem, bu sanal sınıfların biribirinden tamamen izole edilmesine de izin vermektedir.

Bilgi yarışmaları şeklinde düzenlenen ikinci uygulamada ise sanal gruplar şehirlerden oluşmaktadır. Kayıt anahtarı olarak il adı verilmektedir. Kayıt anahtarına göre kullanıcı şehrine ait sanal gruba otomatik dahil edilmektedir. Bu uygulamada bazı forumlarda kullanıcılar sadece kendi şehrindekileri görmekte bazılarında ise tüm sanal gruplar etkinliklerde birbirlerini görmektedirler.

Farklı bir uygulamada Anadolu Üniversitesinde 2004 yılından itibaren Breeze ve sonra da Adobe Connect yazılımları üzerinden WebCT ve Blackboard öğrenme yönetim sistemleriyle bütünleşik sanal sınıf uygulamaları kullanılmaktadır. Sakarya Üniversitesi de 2008 yılından bu yana Türkiye'de geliştirilen Perculus Sanal Sınıf yazılımını ve açık kaynak kodlu AkademikLMS uzaktan eğitim platformunu kullanarak uzaktan eğitim ve sanal sınıf uygulamaktadır.

İlgili bağlantılar
 eogrenme
 Anadolu Üniversitesi
 Maltepe Üniversitesi Sanal Sınıf Örnekleri
 Sakarya Üniversitesi Uzaktan Eğitim Merkezi
 Perculus Sanal Sınıf Yazılımı
 AkademikLMS Açık Kaynak Kodlu Eğitim Yönetim Sistemi
 Uzaktan Eğitim Haberleri | Sanal Sınıf
 Uzaktan Eğitim Sistemleri - Sanal Sınıf Uygulamaları
Egsis Uzaktan Eğitim Sistemleri - Sanal Sınıf Uygulamaları

Eğitim teknolojisi
Uzaktan eğitim

Sanal sınıf


Tupolev Tu-22 (Rusça: Туполев Ту-22; NATO rapor ismi '"Blinder"') Tupolev şirketi tarafından tasarlanan bir orta menzilli bombardıman uçağıdır. Sovyet Hava Kuvvetleri tarafından kullanılan ilk süpersonik bombardıman uçağıdır. 2000'li yılların başında tamamen emekliye ayrılmışlardır.

Teknik özellikleri
 Mürettebat:3
 Uzunluk: 41.60 metre
 Yükseklik:10.13 metre
 Kanat açıklığı: 23.17 metre
 Ağırlığı: 85,000 kg
 Servis tabanı: 14.700 metre
 Hız:1,510 km/s
 Motor 2× Dobrynin RD-7M-2 turbojets
 Motorun İtiş Gücü: 107.9 kN
 Menzil:4,900 km

Silahlandırma
 1× AM-23 23 mm cannon in tail turret
 24xFAB-500 (500Kg) Bombası
 1xFAB-9000 (9000Kg) Bombası
 1× Kh-22 (AS-4 'Kitchen')

Versiyonlar
 Tu-22A - İhraç versiyonu
 Tu-22B - Yakıt ikmal uçağı
 Tu-22K "Blinder-B"
 Tu-22KD
 Tu-22KP
 Tu-22KPD
 Tu-22P "Blinder-E"
 Tu-22PD
 Tu-22R "Blinder-C"
 Tu-22RD
 Tu-22RM
 Tu-22RDM
 Tu-22RTK
 Tu-22U "Blinder-D"
 Tu-22UD

Kullanan ülkeler

Karşılaştırılabilir uçaklar
 B-58 Hustler
 A-5 Vigilante
 TSR-2
 Mirage IV

Rus savaş uçakları
Bombardıman uçakları
Tu-022
Çift motorlu jetler
İlk uçuşunu 1959'da yapan hava araçları
Alçak kanatlı uçaklar

Tupolev Tu-22


البحر البالياري هو كتلة من المياه في البحر الأبيض المتوسط يحيط جزر الباليار. في المنطقة التي تتكلم اللهجة الكاتالانية يعرف باسم مار كاتلانوباليار (Mar Catalanobalear) بسبب وجود منطقة هامة ضمن هذا البحر يعرف باسم البحر الكاتالاني بين شبه الجزيرة الأيبيرية والجزر الباليارية. يوجد لغط في تسمية البحر، بين الاسمين (البحر البالياري والبحر الكاتالاني)، فالبحر الكاتالاني هو جزء من البحر البالياري ولا يوجد حتى الآن حدود واضحة للبحر البالياري.

نهر الإبرو يصب في هذا البحر.

مراجع

بحر
بحار أوروبية
بحار إسبانيا
ب
تضاريس منطقة جزر البليار
بحر
جغرافيا كتالونيا
جغرافيا منطقة بلنسية

البحر البلياري


Nick Smith may refer to:

Politicians
Nick Smith (British politician) (born 1960), Labour Member of Parliament for Blaenau Gwent
Nick Smith (American politician) (born 1934), American congressman from Michigan
Nick Smith (New Zealand politician) (born 1964), Member of Parliament for Nelson

Others
Nick Smith (footballer, born 1984), Australian rules football player for Melbourne
Nick Smith (footballer, born 1988), Australian rules football player for the Sydney Swans
Nick Smith (Home and Away), character in the Australian television soap opera Home and Away
Nick Smith (ice hockey) (born 1979), Canadian NHL player with the Florida Panthers
Nick Smith (canoeist) (born 1969), British slalom canoer
Nick Smith Jr. (born 2004), American basketball player
Nicholas J. J. Smith, Australian philosopher
Nicholas Michael Smith (born 1967), British conductor and composer

See also
Nicholas Smith (disambiguation)
Nicky Smith (disambiguation)

Nick Smith


Gašpina mlinica nalazi u gradu Solinu.

Opis
Kompleks Gašpine mlinice smjestio se uz jedan od rukavaca rijeke Jadro nizvodno od Šuplje crkve. U srednjem vijeku su bili u vlasništvu biskupa i kraljeva. Ova mlinica nastala je početkom 18. stoljeća (oko 1711. god.) te je od tada više puta pregrađivana i popravljana, naročito nakon velike poplave 1885.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-7244 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "javne građevine".

Izvori

Zaštićene javne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Građevine u Solinu
Mlinice u Hrvatskoj

Gašpina mlinica


زيت الزيتون البكر هو زيت الزيتون المستخلص بطرق طبيعية فقط وفي ظروف حرارية مناسبة، بحيث لا تتغير مواصفات الزيت، فهو زيت طبيعي يحتفظ بطعمه الأصلي ورائحته المميزة والفيتامينات الطبيعية ومصحوب بمعلومات خاصة به عن أصله الجغرافي.

أنواع

 ممتاز: يمتاز بطعم خاص ويحتوي على حموضة ( عبارة عن حمض الزيت) ولا تتعدى درجة واحدة.وهذا هو أفضل الأنواع كلها.
 نـقي : يحتوي على طعم لا يعاب وحموضة ما بين 1- 1.5 درجة، جيد جداً للاستهلاك، غير أنه أقل من سابقه.
 نصف نقي: حموضته ما بين 1.5-3 درجات. وهذا النوع من الزيت ممنوع تعليبه إلا في الحالات المخصصة.
 قليل الجودة ذو حموضة أكبر من 3 درجات. هذا النوع غير مصرح باستهلاكه مباشرة.

انظر أيضاً
 زيت الزيتون

مراجع

زيوت نباتية

زيت الزيتون البكر


Charles Howard Hinton (1853 – 30 April 1907) was a British mathematician and writer of science fiction works titled Scientific Romances. He was interested in higher dimensions, particularly the fourth dimension. He is known for coining the word "tesseract" and for his work on methods of visualising the geometry of higher dimensions.

Life
Hinton's father, James Hinton, was a surgeon and advocate of polygamy. Charles Hinton was born in the United Kingdom. His siblings included the costume designer Ada Nettleship (1856 – 1932).

Hinton taught at Cheltenham College while he studied at Balliol College, Oxford, where he obtained his B.A. in 1877.  From 1880 to 1886, he taught at Uppingham School in Rutland, where Howard Candler, a friend of Edwin Abbott Abbott's, also taught. Hinton also received his M.A. from Oxford in 1886.

In 1880 Hinton married Mary Ellen Boole, daughter of Mary Everest Boole and George Boole, the founder of mathematical logic. The couple had four children: George (1882–1943), Eric (*1884), William (1886–1909) and Sebastian (1887–1923) (inventor of the jungle gym and father of William and Joan Hinton).

In 1883 he went through a marriage ceremony with Maud Florence Weldon, by whom he had had twin children, under the assumed identity of John Weldon.  He was subsequently convicted of bigamy and spent three days in prison, losing his job at Uppingham. His father James Hinton was a radical advocate of polygamous relationships, and according to Charles' mother James had once remarked to her: "Christ was the saviour of Men but I am the saviour of Women and I don't envy him a bit."

In 1887 Charles moved with Mary Ellen to Japan to work in a mission before accepting a job as headmaster of the Victoria Public School. In 1893 he sailed to the United States on the SS Tacoma to take up a post at Princeton University as an instructor in mathematics.

In 1897, he designed a gunpowder-powered baseball pitching machine for the Princeton baseball team's batting practice. The machine was versatile, capable of variable speeds with an adjustable breech size, and firing curve balls by the use of two rubber-coated steel fingers at the muzzle of the pitcher. He successfully introduced the machine to the University of Minnesota, where Hinton worked as an assistant professor until 1900, when he resigned to move to the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C.

At the end of his life, Hinton worked as an examiner of chemical patents for the United States Patent Office.  At age 54, he died unexpectedly of a cerebral hemorrhage on 30 April 1907 in Washington, D.C. After Hinton's sudden death his wife, Mary Ellen, committed suicide, also in Washington, D.C., in May 1908.

Fourth dimension

In an 1880 article entitled "What is the Fourth Dimension?", Hinton suggested that points moving around in three dimensions might be imagined as successive cross-sections of a static four-dimensional arrangement of lines passing through a three-dimensional plane, an idea that anticipated the notion of world lines. Hinton's explorations of higher space had a moral basis:

Hinton argues that gaining an intuitive perception of higher space required that we rid ourselves of the ideas of right and left, up and down, that inheres in our position as observers in a three-dimensional world. Hinton calls the process "casting out the self", equates it with the process of sympathizing with another person, and implies the two processes are mutually reinforcing.

Hinton created several new words to describe elements in the fourth dimension. According to the OED, he first used the word tesseract in 1888 in his book A New Era of Thought. Alicia Boole Stott, his sister in law who knew him at Oxford, supervised the publication of the book whilst he was abroad. He also invented the words kata (from the Greek for "down from") and ana (from the Greek for "up toward") to describe the additional two opposing fourth-dimensional directions (an additional 4th axis of motion analogous to left-right (x), up-down (y), and forwards-backwards (z)).

Hinton's Scientific romances, including "What is the Fourth Dimension?" and "A Plane World", were published as a series of nine pamphlets by Swan Sonnenschein & Co. during 1884–1886.  In the introduction to "A Plane World", Hinton referred to Abbott's recent Flatland as having similar design but different intent. Abbott used the stories as "a setting wherein to place his satire and his lessons. But we wish in the first place to know the physical facts." Hinton's world existed along the perimeter of a circle rather than on an infinite flat plane. He extended the connection to Abbott's work with An Episode of Flatland: Or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension (1907).

An Episode of Flatland or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension… (1907)
An Episode of Flatland or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension, to which is bound up An Outline of the History of Unæa  made its public debut in 1907, even receiving a paragraph review (though not particularly flattering) in the British scientific journal Nature (1907). The action plays out in the planar world of two-dimensional Astria with the primary characters partaking in various adventures, scientific and romantic. Ultimately, some Astrians come to accept and comprehend the reality and fullness of three-dimensions in a world beyond their immediate comprehension. The book consists of a Preface, Introduction, a post-introductory section titled The History of Astria, and the Episode (referred to in the title) composed of twenty short chapters. Overall, it is longer than Edwin A. Abbott's novella Flatland… (1884); Hinton's narrative contains approximately 53,720 words.

Hinton's work combines various literary and scientific features, with the author intent on popularizing the idea of higher dimensions among educated Edwardian readers including such diverse groups as religious thinkers and believers, experimental scientists, artists, stodgy academics, engineers, politicians, and others of various persuasions and agendas. Recognizing the existence of, and even reaching, a higher dimension was not simply part and parcel to a strictly mathematical game; for Charles H. Hinton (1907), during an era when spiritualism (with the obligatory séances) was running rampant, it was important to point the way toward a higher realm of existence in both intellectual and genuinely spiritual terms.

Influence
Hinton's advocacy of the tesseract as a means to perceive higher dimensions spawned a long lineage of science fiction, fantasy, and spiritual works that similarly refer to the tesseract as a way to understand—or even access—higher dimensions, including Charles Leadbeater's Clairvoyance (1899), Claude Bragdon's A Primer of Higher Space (1913), Algernon Blackwood's Victim of Higher Space (1914), H. P. Lovecraft's  The Shadow Out of Time (1935), Robert Heinlein's "—And He Built a Crooked House—" (1941), Madeleine L'Engle's A Wrinkle in Time (1962), and Christopher Nolan's film Interstellar (2014).

Hinton was one of the many thinkers who circulated in Jorge Luis Borges's pantheon of writers.  Hinton is mentioned in Borges' short stories "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius", "There Are More Things" and "El milagro secreto" ("The Secret Miracle"):

Hinton influenced P. D. Ouspensky's thinking.  Many of ideas Ouspensky presents in "Tertium Organum" mention Hinton's works.

Hinton's "scientific romance", the "Unlearner", is cited by John Dewey in Art as Experience, chapter 3. The story described by John Dewey is actually titled "An Unfinished Communication" and is part of the second series of "Scientific Romances". The Unlearner is a character in this story, which might explain why John Dewey confused the title of the story.

Hinton is the main character in Carlos Atanes's play Un genio olvidado (Un rato en la vida de Charles Howard Hinton) ("A Forgotten Genius (The Life and Time of Charles Howard Hinton)"). The play premiered in Madrid during May 2015, and was published in May 2017.

Hinton is mentioned several times in Alan Moore's graphic novel From Hell; his theories regarding the fourth dimension form the basis of the book's final chapter.  His father, James Hinton, appears in chapters 4 and 10.

He is mentioned twice in Aleister Crowley's novel Moonchild. The first mention mistakenly names his father, James Hinton.

Works
 and 2nd series at Internet Archive
A New Era of Thought, orig. 1888, reprinted 1900, by Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Ltd., London
The Fourth Dimension, orig. 1904, 1912 by Ayer Co., Kessinger Press reprint, , at Project Gutenberg, scanned version available online at the Internet Archive
Speculations on the Fourth Dimension: Selected Writings of Charles H. Hinton, edited by Rudolf Rucker, 1980, Dover Publications,  (includes selections from Scientific Romances, The Fourth Dimension, "The Recognition of the Fourth Dimension" from the 1902 Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington, and excerpts from An Episode of Flatland)
 An Episode of Flatland or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension orig 1907, Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Limd., uncut illustrated HTML version online at Forgotten Futures
 What is the Fourth Dimension? (1880)

See also

 Hinton's honeycomb
 Hinton's polytope
 Spissitude
 Alicia Boole Stott

Notes

Further reading
   Illustrated cultural history, with links to primary sources and secondary literature.

External links

 Hinton's writings at ibiblio.org

 Digitized works by Charles Howard Hinton at Toronto Public Library

1853 births
1907 deaths
19th-century British mathematicians
19th-century British novelists
20th-century British mathematicians
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
British people convicted of bigamy
British science fiction writers
British Theosophists
People educated at Uppingham School
Hinton family

Charles Howard Hinton


I skoven skulle være gilde er en gammel dansk folkevise. Den er blandt andet blevet indspillet af den danske protestsanger Cæsar i 1975.

Eksterne henvisninger
 I skoven skulle være gilde på ugle.dk

Folkeviser

I skoven skulle være gilde


The Mistress of Spices, titulada La joven de las especias en España y Los Secretos de la Pasión en Latinoamérica, es una película de 2005 de Paul Mayeda Berges, con un guion de Gurinder Chadha y Berges. Se basa en la novela The Mistress of Spices de Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. Su protagonista es la estrella de cine indio Aishwarya Rai. La banda sonora fue creada por Craig Pruess, que también contribuyó a la banda sonora de Bend It Like Beckham.

Sinopsis
Tilo (Aishwarya Rai), una inmigrante de la India, es comerciante, clarividente, y una joven de las especias. Las especias que ofrece a sus clientes les ayudan a satisfacer sus necesidades y deseos, tales como "madera de sándalo para disipar los recuerdos dolorosos, o las semillas de comino negro para proteger contra el mal de ojo".

Cuando era niña, Tilo fue iniciada como una de varias jóvenes de las Especias por una madre primeriza (Zohra Sehgal), que advierte a los jóvenes acerca de las reglas que deben seguir si no quieren enfrentarse a las consecuencias. Se les instruye para no salir de sus respectivas tiendas en todo el mundo, no tocar la piel de las personas que conocen o no utilizar las especias para sus propios fines.

Tilo trabaja en la bahía de San Francisco en una tienda llamada "Bazar de las Especias". Los clientes de Tilo incluyen Haroun, un conductor de taxi (Nitin Ganatra); un abuelo (Anupam Kher) y su nieta Geeta nacida en Estados Unidos (Padma Lakshmi; Kwesi, un hombre que trata de impresionar a su novia (Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje); y Jagjit, un adolescente que pretende encajar en la escuela (Sonny Gill Dulay).

Un día su vida da un giro cuando un hombre(Dylan McDermott) tiene un accidente con su moto en la puerta de la tienda. Tilo atiende sus heridas mientras trata de ignorar su atracción mutua. Su vida cambia cuando él la toca y se enamoran. El motorista, Doug, es un arquitecto estadounidense.

Sin embargo, las especias son celosas, y pronto las cosas empiezan a ir mal en sus relaciones con los otros clientes. Haroun tiene un accidente, la situación de la familia de Geeta no mejora, Jagjit se relaciona con la gente mala en la escuela, y la novia de Kwesi rompe con él. Doug se encuentra con Tilo y le dice que su madre murió.

Tilo se da cuenta de que el origen de estas desgracias es la ruptura de las reglas, jura que va a volver a la India y pone un aviso de venta de la tienda. Antes de marchar, hace todo lo posible para ayudar a sus clientes una última vez y le dice a las especias que ella pasará una últimanoche con Doug, y luego se entregará totalmente a ellos. Cierra la tienda y se va con Doug. Tras una noche dulce, ella le deja una nota en la que le explica que tiene que irse y no puede regresar pero que ella siempre lo amará. Luego va a la tienda y prende fuego a las especias, quedando ella en el centro de las llamas.

Doug va en busca de Tilo y encuentra la tienda devastada. Pero Tilo sigue ahí, viva y consciente a duras penas. No hay ninguna señal de un incendio, pero ha habido un terremoto. Vemos una visión de la Primera Madre sentada en la playa, diciéndole que ya demostró su voluntad de renunciar a todo por las especias, ahora se puede tener todo y nunca la abandonará de nuevo. Doug se compromete a ayudar a su reconstrucción de la tienda, y ella vuelve a trabajar con él.

Elenco
 Aishwarya Rai - Tilo
 Dylan McDermott - Doug
 Ayesha Dharker - Hameeda
 Nitin Ganatra - Haroun
 Sonny Gill Dulay - Jagjit
 Anupam Kher - Geeta abuelo
 Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje - Kwesi
 Toby Marlow - Young Doug (5-6 años)
 Caroline Chikezie - Myisha
 Padma Lakshmi - Geeta

Enlaces externos

 Tráiler de La joven de las especias

 La joven de las especias Movie Review
 Cine Mostrar los tiempos de revisión

Referencias

Películas de 2005
Películas sobre inmigración
Películas ambientadas en San Francisco

Mistress of Spices


Bijeli teror (izvorno francuski:terreur blanche) je naziv za desničarski teror protiv pobornika ljevičarskih politika.

Termin je izvorno nastao u vrijeme tzv. termidorske reakcije, tj. razdoblja nakon dovršetka jakobinskog revolucionarnog terora 27. lipnja 1794. (po francuskom revolucionarnom kalendaru, 9. termidora II. godine) i ustoličenja Francuskog direktorata 1. studenog 1795. godine. U tom razdoblju su naoružane družine - mahom rodbina i prijatelji žrtava jakobinskog terora - brutalno napale sankilote i druge jakobince koji su bili povezani s revolucionarnim terorom, te na nekim mjestima izveli masovne pokolje jakobinaca.

U Francuskoj je akta represalija državne vlasti (koju su bili zadržali republikanci) i privatnih osveta protiv radikalnih jakobinaca bili u manjem broju, dok 20. svibnja 1795. godine jakobinci nisu podigli ustanak u Parizu. Ustanak je brzo okončan - oko 20.000 vojnika koji su mu se u Parizu pridružili, zapravo su protestirali zbog slabe ishrane zbog oskudice koja je nastala zbog slabe žetve i državnih financija u rasulu, te se nisu upustili u nikakve borbe  - ali su jakobinci, koji su dizali vojsku na pobunu i očito pripremali nasilni povratak na vlast, bili izvrgnuti diljem Francuske ne samo uhićenjima, nego i privatnom teroru svojih političkih protivnika. Izvan velikih gradova, teror su u velikom dijelu provodili monarhisti (koji, dakle, nisu držali vlast u Republici), a najviše ga je bilo u južnim dijelovima Francuske. Naziv "bijeli" proizlazi zacijelo iz boje koja se u francuskom društvu asocirala s predrevolucionarnom burbonskom monarhijom, čija je boja bila bijela - moharhisti su u sukobima običavali nositi bijele kokarde (ukras za kape kružnog oblika) kakve su nosili vojnici predrevolucionarne kraljevske vojske.

Termin "bijeli teror" se kasnije koristio za slične aktivnosti terora protiv nositelja lijevih radikalnih politika za vrijeme Ruskog građanskog rata 1918. – 1922., u vrijeme supresije Sovjetske Republike Mađarske nakon I. svjetskog rata, za vrijeme Španjolskog građanskog rata 1936. – 1939., te za protukomunistički teror kojega je Kuomintang provodio u za vrijeme Kineskog građanskog rata 1926. – 1950. i kasnije na Tajvanu nakon 1950. godine.

Povezani članci
 Revolucionarni teror
 Kontrarevolucija

Izvori

Francuska revolucija
Politika
Terorizam
Povijest Rusije
Sovjetska frazeologija

Bijeli teror


Samayac (del k'akch'iquel, significa «cima donde hay gatos monteses») es un municipio del departamento de Suchitepéquez de la región sur-occidente de la República de Guatemala.

Luego de la Independencia de Centroamérica en 1821, el Estado de Guatemala se organizó formalmente el 11 de octubre de 1825, y en esa oportunidad Samayac fue incluido en el Circuito de Mazatenango en el Distrito N.º11 (Suchitepéquez) para la administración de justicia por medio de juicios de jurados.  Posteriormente, en 1838 San Gabriel, al igual que toda la región occidental de Guatemala, fue parte del Estado de Los Altos, que forzó a que el Estado de Guatemala se reorganizara en siete departamentos y dos distritos independientes el 12 de septiembre de 1839.  Este estado tuvo una existencia efímera, siendo reincorporado a Guatemala a sangre y fuego por las fuerzas del general conservador Rafael Carrera en 1840.

Toponimia

El término Samayac es de origen k'akch'iquel y proviene de la palabra «Tzaamayac», la que a su vez se origina de los términos «Tzaam» (español: «nariz» o «punta») y «yac» (español: «gato de monte»), por lo que significa «Nariz de gato de monte» o «Cima donde hay gatos de monte».

Demografía
El municipio cuenta con una población aproximada de 26, 665 habitantes según el Censo de Población del año 2018 con una densidad de 1,667 personas por kilómetro cuadrado siendo el municipio más denso del departamento de Suchitepéquez. Tiene una población superior de gente indígena, mayormente de etnia quiché que supera más de la mitad de la población total y le sigue la población ladina. También existen otras etnias como Mam, kakchiquel, achí, akateko y quekchí con una población muy pequeña.

División política
La cabecera municipal es llamada oficialmente como «Villa de Samayac». Además de eso, el municipio tiene varios centros poblados que se dividen en varios sectores. Contiene seis caseríos y existen varios cantones que son: Santo Domingo, San Antonio, Concepciòn, Calvario, San Antonio Nimá, San Francisco Pumá, San Francisco Nimá, Pumá, Quilá, Chiguaxté y San Antonio Ixtacapa.

Geografía física

El municipio de Samayac tiene una extensión territorial de 16 km² convirtiéndolo en uno de los más pequeños del departamento de Suchitepéquez.

Ubicación geográfica

Samayac se encuentra en el departamento de Suchitepéquez, a una distancia de 7 km de la cabecera departamental Mazatenango y a 158 km de la Ciudad de Guatemala.

 Norte: Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán, municipio del departamento de Sololá
 Sur:  San Bernardino, municipio del departamento de Suchitepéquez
 Este: San Pablo Jocopilas, San Antonio Suchitepéquez y San Bernardino, municipios del departamento de Suchitepéquez
 Oeste: San Francisco Zapotitlán, Zunilito y la cabecera departamental Mazatenango, municipios de Suchitepéquez

Gobierno municipal

Los municipios se encuentran regulados en diversas leyes de la República, que establecen su forma de organización, lo relativo a la conformación de sus órganos administrativos y los tributos destinados para los mismos.  Aunque se trata de entidades autónomas, se encuentran sujetos a la legislación nacional y las principales leyes que los rigen desde 1985 son:

El gobierno de los municipios está a cargo de un Concejo Municipal mientras que el código municipal —ley ordinaria que contiene disposiciones que se aplican a todos los municipios— establece que «el concejo municipal es el órgano colegiado superior de deliberación y de decisión de los asuntos municipales […] y tiene su sede en la circunscripción de la cabecera municipal»; el artículo 33 del mencionado código establece que «[le] corresponde con exclusividad al concejo municipal el ejercicio del gobierno del municipio».

El concejo municipal se integra con el alcalde, los síndicos y concejales, electos directamente por sufragio universal y secreto para un período de cuatro años, pudiendo ser reelectos.

Existen también las Alcaldías Auxiliares, los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo (COCODE), el Comité Municipal del Desarrollo (COMUDE), las asociaciones culturales y las comisiones de trabajo. Los alcaldes auxiliares son elegidos por las comunidades de acuerdo a sus principios y tradiciones, y se reúnen con el alcalde municipal el primer domingo de cada mes, mientras que los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo y el Comité Municipal de Desarrollo organizan y facilitan la participación de las comunidades priorizando necesidades y problemas.

Los alcaldes que ha habido en el municipio son:

Historia

Época precolombina

El municipio de Samayac anteriormente fue conocido con el nombre de Tzaamayac en la época precolombina. En la época colonial fue llamado «San Francisco Samayaque» y «Nuestra Señora de Concepciòn de Samayaqueya» y fue considerado una ciudad muy importante ya que fue allí en donde los tzutujiles y los kakchiqueles lucharon a muerte. Finalmente los kakchiqueles ganaron la guerra.

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica en 1821, la constitución del Estado de Guatemala promulgada el 11 de octubre de 1825 estableció los circuitos para la administración de justicia en el territorio del Estado y menciona que Samayac —llamado entonces Samayaque— era parte del Circuito de Mazatenango en el Distrito N.º11 (Suchitepéquez), junto con el propio Mazatenango, San Lorenzo, San Gabriel, Santo Domingo, Retalhuleu, San Antonio Suchitepéquez, San Bernardino, Sapotitlán y Santo Tomás.

El poblado fue elevado a municipio del efímero Estado de Los Altos el 13 de agosto de 1838 formando parte del departamento de Suchitepéquez; junto con el resto de la región occidental de Guatemala formó parte del Estado de Los Altos entre 1838 y 1840, y perdió la categoría municipal cuando el gobierno conservador del general Rafael Carrera retomó la región de Los Altos para Guatemala.

Creación del municipio

El municipio empezó a funcionar con un sistema administrativo el 1 de enero de 1877 en donde se empezó a elegir un cuerpo de gobierno y dividir el lugar en aldeas, villas, caseríos, etc. En el siglo  empezó a tomar mucha importancia a nivel nacional ya que su cabecera municipal fue categorizada como villa el 9 de diciembre de 1922.

Véase también

 Elecciones municipales de Guatemala de 2015
 Historia Territorial de Guatemala
 Organización territorial de Guatemala

Notas y referencias

Referencias

Bibliografía

Municipios de Suchitepéquez
Poblados del extinguido Estado de Los Altos

Samayac


An Diuris aurea in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni James Edward Smith. An Diuris aurea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Diuris, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Diuris

Diuris aurea


Alberto Manni (* 1963 in Rom) ist ein italienischer Fernsehregisseur.

Leben
Manni begann beim Film als Produktionsassistent für Francesco Masellis L'alba. Nach Erfahrungen als Regieassistent bei Fernsehfilmen und für Werbespots belegte er Kurse für Drehbuchautoren und legte 1993 mit dem Kurzfilm E vediamoli sein Debüt vor. Ab 2000 arbeitete er dann für das Fernsehen, wo er u. a. die Soap Vivere fortführte.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 2000: Vivere (Fernsehserie)

Weblinks

 Biografie bei der RAI (italienisch, bis 2001)

Einzelnachweise

Fernsehregisseur
Italiener
Geboren 1963
Mann

Alberto Manni


La microrregión de Unaí es una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño de Minas Gerais perteneciente a la mesorregión Noroeste de Minas. Su población fue estimada en 2006 por el IBGE en 145.630 habitantes y está dividida en nueve municipios. Posee un área total de 27.383,810 km².

Municipios
 Arinos
 Bonfinópolis de Minas
 Buritis
 Cabeceira Grande
 Dom Bosco
 Formoso
 Natalândia
 Unaí
 Uruana de Minas

Enlaces externos

Unaí

Microrregión de Unaí


Macedonia Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Macedonia Township (Iowa)
 Macedonia Township (Ohio) aufgelöst

Macedonia Township


Piramidalni zvončić (prostijenjak, zvonac, piramidalna zvončika, prndelj, lipovida lat. Campanula pyramidalis), Vrsta zvončike, trajnice raširene po zemljama uz Jadransko more (Hrvatska, Italija), uvezena i u Francusku i Veliku Britaniju.

Raste po pukotinama stijena i zidova, na kamenitim obroncima i kamenarskim pašnjacima i u otvorenim listopadnim šikarama. Na Velebitu ga ima do 1000 metara iznad mora.  Ima uspravnu snažnu stabljiku, u donjem dijelu drvanastu, naraste do 200 centimetara visine. Listovi su naizmjenični, ovalni i nazubljeni, oni donji na peteljkama dužim od 10 cenrtimatara. Cvjetovi su zvonasti, ima pet prašnika i žute prašnice. Plod je tobolac.

Ova biljka je jestiva (mladi izdanci, prizemni listovi i korijen).

Izvori

Zvončike

Piramidalni zvončić


An Cyperus atkinsonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Charles Baron Clarke. An Cyperus atkinsonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cyperus

Cyperus atkinsonii


María López García née le 16 février 1990, est une joueuse de hockey sur gazon espagnole. Elle évolue au poste de défenseure au Club de Campo et avec l'équipe nationale espagnole.

Elle a participé aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2016.

Carrière

Coupe du monde
  : 2018

Championnat d'Europe
  : 2019

Jeux olympiques
 Top 8 : 2016, 2020

Références

Liens externes

Joueuse espagnole de hockey sur gazon
Naissance en février 1990
Joueuse de hockey sur gazon aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2016
Joueuse de hockey sur gazon aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020

María López García


Zgrada Zavičajnog muzeja je nepokretno kulturno dobro, spomenik kulture od velikog značaja. Nalazi se u Rumi u Glavnoj ulici br. 182.

Povijest
Dao ju je podići barun Marko Pejačević. Nakon preorganiziranja Vojne granice barun Marko Pejačević je izabrao Rumu za svoje sjedište. Mnogo je pridonio gospodarskom i urbanističkom razvitku i napretku grada u 18. stoljeću. Za Franjevačku gimnaziju u Rumi dao je podići 1772. godine ovu zgradu. Prema predaji ovo je prva građevina na kat u Rumi. Danas je u zgradi Zavičajni muzej Rume sa svojom zbirkom i dva legata, slikara Milivoja Nikolajevića i Romana Soretića.

Izgled

Zgrada je sagrađena kao masivna uglovnica na kat, osnove u obliku slova L. Krov je na dvije vode, pokriven papar crijepom. Fasade su jednostavne obrade, bez fasadnog ukrasa, s nizom pravokutnih prozora u prizemlju i na katu. Vodoravna podjela izvedena je jednostavnim kordonskim i profiliranim potkrovnim vijencem. Glavna ulična fasada okrenuta je prema sjeveru, a drugi dio, također ulične fasade, prema zapadu. Zgrada je do danas u potpunosti sačuvala svoj izgled i karakteristike objekata vojnograničarske arhitekture.

Zaštita
Konzervatorsko-restauratorski zahvati napravljeni su 1977. – 1982., 1986. – 1988., 2002. i 2005. godine. Proglašena je spomenikom kulture od velikog značaja za Republiku Srbiju.

Vidi još
 Popis spomenika kulture u Srijemskom okrugu

Izvori

Sadržaj ovog članka dijelom je ili u potpunosti preuzet s http://www.sanu.ac.rs. Nositelj autorskih prava nad materijalom dao je dopuštenje objaviti ovaj sadržaj pod slobodnom licencijom. Dokaz o tome nalazi se na sustavu OTRS, a broj tiketa s konkretnim dopuštenjem je 2009072410055859.

Vanjske poveznice
  Spisak spomenika kulture od velikog značaja u Vojvodini
  Republički zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture - Beograd
  Lista spomenika
  Republički zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture-Beograd/Baza nepokretnih kulturnih dobara

Ruma
Građevine u Srbiji

Zgrada Zavičajnog muzeja u Rumi


භූගෝල ශාස්ත්‍රය ඉගෙනීමේ දි ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් පාවිච්චි කරන වචනයක් ලෙස සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ හැදින්විය හැකිය. පැහැදිලි සංස්කෘතීන් බොහෝවිට ඔවුන්ගේ භූගෝලීය ආවරණයන් රජයක්  හෝ රජයක උප කොටස් ඇතුලත සීමා නොකරයි. සංස්කෘතියක් සිතියම් කිරීමට නම් අප සත්‍යවූ සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශයක් හඳුනාගත යුතුවේ.සිතියම් ගත කළ පසු එම සංස්කෘතික චාරිත්‍ර, ගිවිසුම්, සන්නස් හෝ යුද්ධ වලින් පනවන  ලද නීති මායිම් වලට ඇත්තේ සුළු සම්බන්ධයක් බව අපට දක්නට හැකිය. සටහන් ගත කළ හැකි විවිධ වර්‍ගයේ සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ ඇත. සංස්කෘතික සිතියමක ආගම හා ර‍ටවැසියාගේ ඉතිහාසය සිතියම් ගත කිරීමේ දී එම ප්‍රදේශයේ "ඇඳුම් හා ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය" යම් වෙනස් හැඩයක් ගත හැකිය.

විවිධ සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ

සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ

සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ ,ස්ථාන හා ප්‍රදේශ මගින් භූගෝල විද්‍යාවට  අවශ්‍ය කොටස් සපයනු ලැබේ. සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශයක් වන්නේ සංස්කෘතියේ කාර්යයන් හා විශේෂ ලක්ෂණ මත පදනම් වු භූ‍ගෝලීය  ඒකකයකි. භූගෝල ශාස්ත්‍රඥයින් විසින් සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ තුනක් පිළිගෙන ඇත. එනම් චාරිත්‍රානුකූල, ක්‍රියාකාරිත්ව හා ස්වාභාෂා යන ඒවායි.

චාරිත්‍රානුකූල සංස්කෘතික ප්‍ර‍දේශ

භාෂාව, ආගම හෝ ජීවන රටාව වැනි පොදු ලක්ෂණ එකක් හෝ වැඩි ගණනක් සංස්කෘතික ගති ඇති මිනිසුන් වාසය කරන ප්‍රදේශ චාරිත්‍රානුකූල සංස්කෘතික ප්‍ර‍දේශ නම්වේ . එය එකක් හෝ ඊට වැඩි සංස්කෘතික ගති ඇති අන්‍යෝන්‍ය  වශයෙන්  සමාන ජාතින් වෙසෙන ප්‍රදේශයකි. චාරිත්‍රානුකූල  සංස්කෘතික ප්‍ර‍දේශ හඳුනාගන්නා භූගෝල  ශාස්ත්‍රඥයා විසින්  සංස්කෘතික මායිම් සොයා ගත යුතුය.  එසේ සංස්කෘතික ගති ලක්ෂණයක් පමණක් ගත්තද සංස්කෘතින් සම්මිශ්‍රණය වන නිසා එවැනි මායිම් සරල ය. මේ හේතුව  නිසා සංස්කෘතික රේඛා වලට වඩා  සංස්කෘතික මායිම් කලාප ඇත. කල්පනාවට ගනු ලබන සෑම අතිරේක සංස්කෘතික ගති ලක්ෂණයක් සමඟම මේ කලාපද පුළුල් වේ. මක්නිසාද ගති පැවතුම් දෙකෙහිම එකම  ව්‍යාප්තිය නොමැති බැවිනි. එහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් වශයෙන් පැහැදිලි මායිම් වෙනුවට සියලුම ගති පැවතුම් ඇති මධ්‍යස්ථානයක චාරිත්‍රානුකූල සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ හෙළි කෙරේ. මධ්‍යම ස්ථානයෙන් පිටතදී එම ලක්ෂණ විශේෂයෙන් දුර්වල වී නොපෙනී යයි. බොහෝ චාරිත්‍රානුකූල  සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ තද පරිධිත ආකාරයෙන් පෙන්නුම් කෙරේ.

ක්‍රියාකාරී සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ

ක්‍රියාකාරී සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ, චාරිත්‍රානුකූල සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශයේ සත්‍යතාවය වන්නේ සංස්කෘතික සජාතිකත්වයයි. එය එක්ව සිටිනවාට වඩා වෙන්වේ. වෙනසක් වශයෙන් ක්‍රියාකාරී සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශය සංස්කෘතික වශයෙන් සජාතික විය යුතු නැත. ඒ වෙනුවට දේශපාලනමය වශයෙන්, සමාජිය වශයෙන් හෝ ආර්ථික වශයෙන්  එක ඒකකයක් සේ වැඩ කිරීමට ආරම්භ කර ඇති ප්‍රදේශයකි. නගරයක්, නිදහස් රාජ්‍යයක්, භූමි භාගයක්, පල්ලියේ දියෝකිසියා හෝ දේ‍වගැති තැනට අයත් ප්‍රදේශ, වෙළඳ මධ්‍යස්ථාන හෝ ගොවිපලක්,  ක්‍රියාකාරි සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශවලට, මංසල් හෝ මධ්‍යම  ස්ථාන, එහිදී වැඩ කටයුතු සම්බන්ධීකර යොමු කරනු ලැබේ. උදා: නගරශාලා, ජාතික ප්‍රධාන නගර, භුමි භාග, ඡන්ද දෙන ස්ථාන, පල්ලි, කර්‍මාන්තශාලා සහ බැංකු මේ අනුව ක්‍රියාකාරී සංස්කෘතික ප්‍ර‍දේශවලට අයත් වේ. බොහෝ ක්‍රියාකාරි ප්‍ර‍දේශ පැහැදිලිවම සඳහන් මායිම් ඇත. එය යම් නාගරික රජයකට අයත් ඉඩම් ද අතුලත්වය.  එක් අධිකරණ බලය ඇති ප්‍රදේශයක් තවත් එවැනි බලයක් ඇති ප්‍රදේශයක් ප්‍රාදේශීය සිතියමේ රේඛාවකින් වෙන්කර  පෙන්වා ඇත.

ස්වභාෂා සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ

ස්වභාෂා සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ, විශේෂ ප්‍රාදේශීය නමක් විශාල ලෙස පැතිරී පිළිගත් හා භාවිතා කරන ලද  වැසියන් විසින් ජීවත් වීමට  තේරුම් ගත් එකකි. සමහර ස්වදේශීය ප්‍රදේශ භෞතික පාරිසරික ලක්ෂණ මත රැදී ඇති අතර, අනික් අය ඔවුන්ගේ පදනම ගෙන ඇත්තේ ආර්ථික, දේශපාලන හෝ ඵෛතිහාසික විශේෂ ලක්ෂණ මතයි. බොහෝ  සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ, ස්වදේශ ප්‍රදේශ සාමාන්‍යයෙන් තියුනු මායිම්  නොමැත. දෙන ලද ඕනෑම ප්‍රදේශයක නිවැසියන් එවැනි ප්‍රදේශයකට වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රදේශයක පදිංචිය ඉල්ලා සිටීමට හැකිය. බොහෝ විට ක්‍රියාකාරි ප්‍රදේශ සඳහා අවශ්‍ය සංවිධාන ශක්තිය ඔවුනට නැත. ඔවුන්ව එක් නාගරීක මධ්‍යස්ථානය වටා තැබුවත් චාරිත්‍රානුකූල  ප්‍රා‍දේශවල ඇති සංස්කෘතික අනෝන්‍යතාවය නිතර පෙන්නුම් නොකරති.

සංස්කෘතිය

සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රදේශ


Die Sammlung Ur- und Frühgeschichte der Universität Leipzig umfasst heute etwa 6.500 Exponate aus allen Zeitstufen von der Altsteinzeit (Paläolithikum) bis zur Neuzeit und einem geografischen Raum von Deutschland bis Südamerika. Der Sammlungsschwerpunkt liegt dabei jedoch im Bereich der regionalen Urgeschichte. Der Hauptteil der Sammlung besteht aus geschlagenen und geschliffenen Steinwerkzeugen aus dem Paläo- bis Neolithikum. Hinzu kommen Urnen und Grabbeigaben der Bronze- und Eisenzeit aus Mitteldeutschland (Lausitzer und Billendorfer Kultur).

Geschichte der Sammlung

Anfänge (1934–1943)
1934 wurde das Seminar für Vorgeschichte an der Universität Leipzig gegründet und unter die Leitung Kurt Tackenbergs (1899–1992) gestellt. Während seiner dreijährigen Amtszeit in Leipzig versuchte Tackenberg, eine möglichst breit gefächerte Lehrsammlung zusammenzustellen, die den Studierenden den Umgang mit Funden nahebringen sollte.

Die Sammlung baute zunächst auf einen bereits vorhandenen Bestand auf, der sich aus Stücken ehemaliger Leipziger Privatsammlungen zusammensetzte. Dank der Unterstützung privater Stifter und städtischer Sammlungen und durch gezielte Ankäufe von Originalen und Nachbildungen bot die Sammlung bald einen guten Überblick über die Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands. 1936 wurde zudem die Sammlung des Geologen Johannes Felix (1859–1941) aus den Beständen der Geologisch-Paläontologischen Sammlung der Universität Leipzig in die Sammlung der Ur- und Frühgeschichte überführt.

Untergebracht war die Sammlung in der Schillerstraße 8, wo ihr zunächst nur zwei Räume zur Verfügung standen, die zugleich auch als Unterrichtsräume für die Lehre genutzt wurden. 1938/39 erhielten das Seminar für Vorgeschichte und seine Sammlung durch das Zutun ihres neuen Leiters Leonhard Franz (1895–1974) einen weiteren Raum im Nachbargebäude der Schillerstraße 7. Unter Franz' Ägide erhielt die Sammlung 1939 auch prähistorische Stücke aus der 1827 gegründeten Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung vaterländischer Sprache und Altertümer als Leihgabe zur fachgerechten Aufbewahrung und wissenschaftlichen Auswertung. Somit war die Sammlung des Seminars für Vorgeschichte binnen kurzer Zeit auf über 1000 Stücke angewachsen. Bis 1943 war sie zudem durch ein umfangreiches Inventar erschlossen worden.

Kriegsschäden, Verluste und Wiederaufbau (1943–1993)
Wie alle Sammlungen der Universität Leipzig erlitt auch die vorgeschichtliche Originalsammlung erhebliche Kriegsschäden durch die Angriffe auf Leipzig im Dezember 1943. Zwar waren wichtige Teile des Bestands rechtzeitig ausgelagert worden und es begann kurz nach der Zerstörung der Sammlungsräume auch die Bergung noch vorhandener Stücke, doch die Inventarlisten waren verbrannt. Der Verlust der Sammlungsdokumentation ist besonders schwerwiegend, da er die Rekonstruktion des ursprünglichen Bestands sowie die Recherche zur Provenienz heute noch vorhandener Stücke unmöglich macht.

1948 entdeckte der neue Lehrstuhlinhaber Friedrich Behn (1883–1970) weitere Teile der Sammlung Felix und überführte sie in die Studiensammlung. In den Folgejahren wurde die Sammlung durch zahlreiche private Schenkungen erweitert und konnte ab 1950 wieder in die Lehre integriert werden.

In den 1960er und 1970er Jahren wurden Seminar und Sammlung unter verschiedener Leitung weitergeführt und ab 1974 ein neues Inventar angelegt. 1978 wurde unter Edith Hoffmann (* 1929) eine ausführliche Revision durchgeführt, der zufolge der Sammlungsumfang damals mit über 1600 Stücken beziffert wurde. Untergebracht war sie bis 1990 im Krochhochhaus und – in Kisten verpackt – der Öffentlichkeit nicht zugänglich.

Nach der Wiedereröffnung des Lehrstuhls für Ur- und Frühgeschichte (seit 1993)
Erst 1993 setzten mit der Wiedereröffnung des Lehrstuhls für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und der Berufung Sabine Rieckhoffs (* 1944) erneute Revisionen, Restaurierungen und Ergänzungen des Sammlungsbestandes ein. Zudem wird sie weiterhin systematisch in die Lehre integriert sowie von den Lehrenden und Studierenden immer weiter erschlossen. Zeichen- und Bestimmungsübungen gehören zum festen Lehrprogramm des Studiengangs. Seit 1999 befindet sich der Lehrstuhl in der Ritterstraße 14, wo seitdem auch wieder Teile der Sammlung präsentiert werden.

Seit 2002 wurden erneut größere Bestände der Sammlung Felix Geologisch-Paläontologischen der Universität Leipzig überführt.

Sammlung
Aus dem Paläolithikum präsentiert die Schausammlung vornehmlich Artefakte aus Silex (Faustkeile, Kratzer, Klingen usw.), die zum Teil auch von bedeutenden Fundstätten wie z. B. St. Acheul, La Micoque und Le Moustiere stammen. Die Kulturen der Jungsteinzeit hingegen sind zu einem Großteil durch Keramikfunde und Steingeräte aus der Region vertreten. Zu den wertvollsten Stücken dieser Zeit gehören einige vollständige Gräber der Schnurkeramik. Auch die große Anzahl an bronze- und früheisenzeitlichen Grabgefäßen (Buckelurnen, doppelkonische Urnen, Miniatur- und Mehrkammergefäße der Lausitzer und Billendorfer Kultur) stammt größtenteils aus dem mitteldeutschen und westpolnischen Raum. Die Hausurne von Burgkemnitz ist eine der frühesten Vertreter ihrer Art in Mitteldeutschland und wurde bereits 1826 entdeckt. Exotische Objekte wie ein Marmoridol aus Anatolien, eine mediterrane Bronzeschale und indianische Pfeilspitzen aus Nordamerika zeigen hingegen die Vielfalt der Sammlung.

Ausstellungsprojekte
Die Sammlung wurde bereits in verschiedenen Ausstellungen, auch in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Antikenmuseum der Universität Leipzig, präsentiert. Exemplarisch sei das Ausstellungsprojekt "Fromm – Fremd – Barbarisch. Die Religion der Kelten" (2002) genannt. Auch an der Leipziger Museumsnacht ist der Lehrstuhl für Ur- und Frühgeschichte mit seiner Sammlung regelmäßig beteiligt.

Literatur
 Hans-Ulrich Cain, Sabine Rieckhoff (Hrsg.): Fromm – Fremd – Barbarisch. Die Religion der Kelten. (Katalog zur Sonderausstellung der Professur für Ur- und Frühgeschichte der Universität Leipzig), Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2002, ISBN 3-8053-2898-2.
 Sabine Rieckhoff, Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen (Hrsg.): Beiträge zur Religion der Kelten. Ein Kolloquium an der Universität Leipzig anlässlich der Ausstellung "Fromm – Fremd – Barbarisch. Die Religion der Kelten". (Leipziger Forschungen zur ur- und frühgeschichtlichen Archäologie, Bd. 1), Professur für Ur- und Frühgeschichte der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 2008, ISBN 3-936394-17-2.
 Susanne Grunwald: Sammeln in Leipzig. Zur Geschichte der archäologischen Lehrsammlung der Leipziger Professur für Ur- und Frühgeschichte. Universität Leipzig, Leipzig 2007.
 Detlef Döring, Tobias U. Müller (Hrsg.): Erleuchtung der Welt. Sachsen und der Beginn der modernen Wissenschaften. 600 Jahre Universität Leipzig. (2 Bände; aus Anlass der Jubiläumsausstellung der Universität Leipzig im Stadtgeschichtlichen Museum Leipzig vom 9. Juli bis 6. Dezember 2009), Sandstein, Dresden 2009, ISBN 978-3-940319-62-3.
 Hans-Ulrich Cain (Hrsg.): Aurea Aetas. Die Blütezeit des Leipziger Antikenmuseums zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. (Katalog zur Sonderausstellung im Antikenmuseum der Universität Leipzig vom 10. Oktober 2009 bis 24. Januar 2010), Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-938543-74-0.

Weblinks
 Sammlung Ur- und Frühgeschichte
 Professur für Ur- und Frühgeschichte am Historischen Seminar der Universität Leipzig

Einzelnachweise

Leipzig
Museum in Leipzig
Universität Leipzig
Universitätssammlung


Rochdale Cricket Club are an English cricket team from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, currently playing in the Lancashire League.  Until 2015 they played in the Central Lancashire League, being one of the oldest - and most successful - of all the CLL teams. They joined the CLL in 1893, the league having been founded a year earlier under the title of the South East Lancashire league.  Rochdale won the league title a record 28 times, the last occasion being in 2007. They also won the Wood Cup - a knockout competition - 13 times, equalling Littleborough.

From start of the 2018 season Rochdale moved to the Lancashire League.

Notable players
Famous players to have played cricket for Rochdale included Cecil Parkin, who was the club's professional in 1921 when he was selected to play for England in The Ashes Test against the Australians; when Parkin was picked for England, Rochdale recruited another England Test player, Patsy Hendren, to play instead for a single match against Heywood. Other notable professionals include England bowler Sydney Barnes, West Indian cricketer (and politician) Learie Constantine and professional footballer Craig Dawson.

References

Central Lancashire League cricket clubs
Lancashire League cricket clubs
Sport in Rochdale
Cricket in Greater Manchester
Organisations based in Rochdale Borough

Rochdale Cricket Club


تأسست الجامعة اللبنانية الفرنسية عام 2007 في مدينة أربيل وهي تقع في محافظة أربيل في كردستان العراق.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
جامعات وكليات أهلية عراقية

جامعات وكليات أسست في 2007
ل
تأسيسات سنة 2007 في كردستان العراق
جامعات خاصة
جامعات كردستان العراق
مبان ومنشآت في أربيل
مدارس دولية في العراق
هيئات تعليمية أسست في 2007
مدارس دولية فرنسية
مدارس دولية فرنسية في آسيا

الجامعة اللبنانية الفرنسية للأعمال والإدارة في أربيل


Adrià Figueras Trejo (Barcelona, 31 de agosto de 1988) é um handebolista profissional espanhol, medalhista olímpico.

Carreira

Figueras conquistou a medalha de bronze com a Seleção Espanhola de Handebol Masculino nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio, após derrotar a equipe egípcia por 33–31 na disputa pelo pódio.

Handebolistas olímpicos da Espanha
Handebolistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Adrià Figueras


Üçkabaağaç, Balıkesir ilinin Ayvalık ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Balıkesir il merkezine 144, Ayvalık ilçesine 22 km mesafededir.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 YerelNet

Kaynakça
https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Genel Mahalle Listesi, T.C.İçişleri Bakanlığı, Mart 2020.

Ayvalık'ın mahalleleri

Üçkabaağaç, Ayvalık


Infrastruktura

Početak gradnje/renovacije

Dovršetak gradnje/renovacije ili otvaranje

Svemirske letjelice

Orbitalne i suborbitalne letjelice

 17. veljače  lansiran američki satelit Vanguard 2, prvi meteorološki satelit

Letovi prema Mjesecu i tijelima Sunčevog sustava

 3. ožujka  američka letjelica Pioneer 4 lansirana prema Mjesecu
 12. rujna  sovjetska letjelica Luna 2 lansirana prema Mjesecu
 13. rujna  sovjetska letjelica Luna 2 udarila u Mjesec i postala prva svemirska letjelica koja je dotakla neko drugo nebesko tijelo
 4. listopada  sovjetska letjelica Luna 3 lansirana prema Mjesecu
 7. listopada  sovjetska letjelica Luna 3 preletjela pored Mjeseca i poslala prve forografije udaljene strane Mjeseca

Tehnologija

Ostali događaji

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Astronautika u 1959.


Liman; gemi, tekne gibi deniz araçlarının park yeri, gemilerin kargolarını boşaltıp yüklediği ticaret merkezi, vinç barındıran ve genellikle gümrük de bulunduran mekanlardır.

Özellikle Demiryolu ve kara yolu çıkış yerleriyle kesişir. Ekonomik olarak gelişmiş yerlerde kuruludur. Liman trafiğinde akaryakıt, özellikle petrol trafiği büyük yer tutar. Genel liman ve özel liman olarak ikiye ayrılır. Genel limanlar her tür yük trafiğine açıktır. Özel limanlar belirli maddelere özgüdür. Yapı olarak ise limanlar doğal koylarda veya dalgakıranla korunan kıyılardakiler, akarsu ve göl limanlarıdır. Türlere göre yükleme boşaltma tesisleri de değişiklik gösterir.

Bazı antik limanlar
 Portus Romae
 Samos antik limanı
 Prosphorion limanı
 Theodosius limanı

Denizcilik terimleri
Yunancadan Türkçeye geçen sözcükler

Liman