The Bridge on the Drina is a historical novel by the Yugoslav writer Ivo Andrić. It revolves around the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad, which spans the Drina River and stands as a silent witness to history from its construction by the Ottomans in the mid-16th century until its partial destruction during World War I. The story spans about four centuries and covers the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian occupations of the region, with a particular emphasis on the lives, destinies, and relations of the local inhabitants, especially Serbs and Bosnian Muslims.

Andrić had been Yugoslavia's ambassador to Germany from 1939 to 1941, during the early years of World War II, and was arrested by the Germans in April 1941, following the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. In June 1941, he was allowed to return to German-occupied Belgrade but was confined to a friend's apartment in conditions that some biographers liken to house arrest. The novel was one of three that Andrić wrote over the next several years. All three were published in short succession in 1945, following Belgrade's liberation from the Germans. The Bridge on the Drina was published in March of that year to widespread acclaim.

In 1961, Andrić was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature and his works became subject to international recognition. The Bridge on the Drina remains Andrić's best-known work. The Serbian filmmaker Emir Kusturica is planning a cinematic adaption of the novel, for which he has constructed a mock-town named after Andrić not far from the bridge, which was reconstructed after World War I and has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Summary

A young Serb boy from the vicinity of Višegrad is taken from his mother by the Ottomans as part of the devşirme levy, one of many Christian boys to experience this fate during the Ottoman Empire's 500-year-long occupation of the Balkans. The boy's mother follows her son wailing until she reaches the Drina River, where he is taken across by ferry and she can no longer follow. The young boy is converted to Islam and assigned the Turkish name of Mehmed, becoming known as Mehmed-paša Sokolović. He rises through the Ottoman military ranks and around the age of 60 becomes the Grand Vizier, a position he holds for the next fifteen years. During his time as Grand Vizier, he serves under three sultans and oversees the Ottoman Empire's expansion into Central Europe. He remains haunted by the memory of being forcibly taken from his mother and orders the construction of a bridge at the part of the river where the two became separated.

Construction begins in 1566, and five years later the bridge is completed, together with a caravanserai (or han). The bridge replaces the unreliable ferry transport that was once the only means of traversing the river and comes to represent an important link between the Bosnia Eyalet and the rest of the Ottoman Empire. The bridge is built by serfs, who intermittently stage strikes and sabotage the construction site in protest against the poor working conditions. The Ottomans respond harshly, impaling the one caught saboteur. The bridge is wider across the middle portion, known as the gate (or kapija), and this section becomes a popular meeting place. Every important moment in the lives of the local residents comes to revolve around the bridge, with Christian children crossing it to be baptized on the opposite bank, and children of all religions playing around it. As time progresses, legends develop around the history of the bridge. The locals tell of two Christian infants who were buried alive inside the bridge to placate the fairies (vile) that thwart its construction. They come to regard two holes on the side of the bridge as places where the infants' mothers would come to suckle them while they were entombed. About a century later, the Habsburg monarchy reclaims much of Central Europe and the northern Balkans from the Ottomans, triggering a crisis within the empire. Due to lack of state funds, the caravanserai is abandoned and falls into disuse. The bridge, on the other hand, stands for centuries without maintenance because of how well it was constructed. The residents of Višegrad—Turks, Serbs, Sephardic Jews, and Roma—stand in solidarity with one another during the Drina's regular floods.

The first nationalist tensions arise in the 19th century, with the outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising in present-day central Serbia. The Turks construct a blockhouse on the bridge, decorating it with stakes on which they pin the heads of suspected rebels. One evening, the blockhouse burns down. In the ensuing decades, as the Ottoman Empire continues to decline, Bosnia is ravaged by plague. After the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Serbia and Montenegro become fully independent countries. Austria-Hungary receives a right to occupy Bosnia-Herzegovina and turns it into a protectorate. The occupation comes as a shock to the residents of the town, which has remained largely unchanged since the time of the bridge's completion, and the local people experience difficulties accepting the numerous changes and reforms that accompany Austro-Hungarian rule. A barrack is built at the site of the caravanserai and the town experiences a substantial influx of foreigners. People from all parts of Austria-Hungary arrive, opening new businesses and bringing the customs of their native regions with them. A narrow gauge railway line is built to Sarajevo and the bridge loses much of its strategic importance. Local children begin to be educated in Sarajevo, and some go on to continue their studies in Vienna. They bring home new social and cultural ideas from abroad, among them the concepts of trade unions and socialism, while newly established newspapers acquaint the town's inhabitants with nationalism. Tensions flare following the assassination of Empress Elisabeth of Austria in 1898. In 1908, Austria-Hungary formally annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina, sparking tensions with Serbia, which the Austro-Hungarians come to regard as a serious obstacle to their further conquest of the Balkans. The Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 see the Ottomans almost completely forced from the region, and relations between Austria-Hungary and Serbia deteriorate further. The significance of the middle portion of the bridge also becomes undermined, as residents of different ethnicities become suspicious and wary of one another.

In June 1914, Bosnian Serb student Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, setting off a chain of events that lead to the outbreak of World War I. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, and the local authorities begin to incite Višegrad's non-Serb population against the town's Serb residents. The bridge with the old road to Sarajevo suddenly regains its importance, as the railway line is not adequate to transport all the materiel and soldiers who are preparing to attack Serbia in the autumn of 1914. Austria-Hungary's invasion is swiftly repulsed and the Serbians advance across the Drina, prompting the Austro-Hungarians to evacuate Višegrad and destroy portions of the bridge.

Writing and publication

Ivo Andrić was Yugoslavia's best known and most successful literary figure, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961. He was born to Antun Andrić and Katarina Pejić near Travnik on 9 October 1892, but spent most of his childhood in the town of Višegrad. His formative years were spent in the shadow of the town's most distinctive landmark, the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge. As a child, Andrić played in its vicinity and heard the legends surrounding it and its patron, Mehmed-paša Sokolović. Born into a Bosnian Serb family on the outskirts of the town, Sokolović had been abducted by the Ottomans as a child as part of the devşirme tax imposed on Christian subjects, taken to Istanbul and inducted into the janissary corps. Despite this, he remained in contact with his Christian family, and in 1557, convinced the Porte to grant the Serbian Orthodox Church autonomy.

Andrić's literary career began in 1911, and prior to the outbreak of World War I, he published a number of poems, essays and reviews, and also translated the works of foreign writers. In the years leading up to the war, he joined a number of South Slav student movements calling for an end to the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was also a close friend of Princip. In late July or early August 1914, Andrić was arrested by the Austro-Hungarians for his connections to Franz Ferdinand's assassins. He spent much of World War I in captivity, and was only freed in July 1917, after Emperor Charles declared a general amnesty for political prisoners. In 1920, Andrić entered the diplomatic service of the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed Yugoslavia)  He published a short story titled The Bridge on the Žepa, which was to serve as a prototype for the Bridge on the Drina, in 1925. In 1939, he was appointed as Yugoslavia's ambassador to Germany, which went on to spearhead an invasion of his country in April 1941, within the wider context of World War II. Andrić and his staff were arrested by the Germans following the invasion. In June 1941, he was permitted to return to Belgrade. Andrić was retired from the diplomatic service and confined to a friend's apartment by the Germans, living in conditions that some biographers have likened to house arrest. Over the following three years, he focused on his writing and pondered over the disintegration of Yugoslavia, which had become the scene of a brutal inter-ethnic civil war following the invasion.

The Bridge on the Drina was written between July 1942 and December 1943. A fifty-page outline of the novel has been preserved, as have Andrić's research notes. In March 1945, it became the first title released by the newly founded state-owned publishing house Prosveta, as part of a series entitled Južnoslovenski pisci (South Slav Writers). The first edition, numbering some 5,000 copies, was sold out by the end of that year. It was one of three novels that Andrić published in 1945, the others being Travnik Chronicle () and The Lady from Sarajevo (), in September and November 1945, respectively.  A total of five editions of The Bridge on the Drina were published over the next four years. Andrić's works attained international recognition only after he was awarded the Nobel Prize, and were translated into dozens of languages thereafter. The novel had been translated into English two years earlier by Lovett F. Edwards, in 1959.

Style
The novel's release coincided with the end of World War II, as well as Partisan efforts to promote the style of socialist realism, exemplified by depictions of "superficial happiness" glorifying the values of communism. In contrast, Slavonic studies professor David A. Norris writes, "Andrić's Bosnia is often a dark world expressed through deep and complex narrative structures". Andrić never publicly expressed sympathy for communism and his works openly dealt with controversial questions of national identity at a time when the communists were propagating the idea of Brotherhood and Unity among the various Yugoslav peoples. Literary historian Andrew B. Wachtel believes that The Bridge on the Drina'''s focus on the distant past allowed Andrić to address contemporary social, political and religious issues without overtly abrading the delicate system of inter-ethnic tolerance that the communists had established in the post-war period.

Like almost all of Andrić's works, the book was originally written in Serbian Cyrillic. The characters use the Ijekavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian primarily spoken west of the Drina, while the narrator uses the Ekavian dialect spoken primarily in Serbia. This is a reflection of Andrić's own linguistic proclivities, as he had abandoned both written and spoken Ijekavian and reverted to Ekavian upon moving to Belgrade in the early 1920s. Both dialogue and narration passages are perfused with Turkisms (), words of Turkish, Arabic or Persian origin that had found their way into the South Slavic languages under Ottoman rule. Turkisms are so prevalent that even the novel's title contains one: the word ćuprija, derived from the Turkish word köprü, which means bridge. Also present are many words of German and Ladino origin, reflecting the historical and political circumstances of the time period described in the novel.

The novel's first 100 pages deal with the bridge's construction and the remaining 200 revolve around the Austro-Hungarian period. Andrić himself characterized The Bridge on the Drina as a chronicle rather than a novel. In the introduction to his English-language translation, Edwards also declined to classify it as a novel, for "its scope is too vast, its characters too numerous, its period of action too long." Literary scholar Annabel Patterson writes: "There is no hero or heroine to hold it together, nor even a family or dynasty. In place of these there is the bridge, whose birth we attend, whose stability we come to count on." Patterson hesitates to characterize The Bridge on the Drina as a historical novel because most of the events described in it actually occurred as opposed to having been fictionalized. She notes that other scholars have classified it as a "non-fiction novel", a term she considers superfluous. "If we wish for simplicity," she writes, "we can call The Bridge on the Drina a novel to distinguish it from Andrić's collections of short stories. But if we wish for precision, The Bridge on the Drina can best be classified as a collection of short stories of peasant life held together by a bridge." The book deviates from other texts that have been described as chronicles in that the narrator observes events itinerantly and retrospectively. The style of storytelling Andrić employs is often likened to a transcendent historical monologue. Literary scholar Guido Snel believes that such a stylistic interpretation neglects the novel's dialogic properties and its ability to act as a back-and-forth between the narrator and reader, drawing a connection between the past described in the novel and the reader's present. This has caused Serb scholars to uphold Andrić's narrative authority, Snel writes, and Muslim scholars to challenge and reject it.

Themes and motifsThe Bridge on the Drina remains Andrić's most famous novel and has received the most scholarly attention of all his works. Most scholars interpret the eponymous bridge as a metonym for Yugoslavia, which was itself a bridge between East and West during the Cold War, "partaking of both but being neither". However, at the time of writing, the country did not enjoy the reputation of an inter-civilizational mediator, which was fostered by Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito only after his split with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in 1948. Thus, the novel can be seen as having contributed to the formation of this national self-image. Andrić suggests that the building of roads and bridges by Great Powers is rarely done as a gesture of friendship towards local populations, but rather as a means of facilitating conquest. Thus, the bridge is both a symbol of unification and division. It is a symbol of unification in that it allows the inhabitants of Višegrad to cross from one bank to the other and in that the kapija serves as a popular meeting place. On the other hand, it divides the town's inhabitants by acting as a constant reminder of the Ottoman conquest.

Michael Sells, a professor of Islamic history and literature, posits that one of the novel's main themes is race betrayal. In Andrić's view, Sells asserts, Slavs are "racially Christian", and the conversion of some to Islam is perceived as a great evil epitomized by the practice of devşirme. The legend of Christian infants being buried alive within a bridge stems from The Building of Skadar, a Serbian epic poem dating back to the Middle Ages. Sells interprets the legend as an allegory for the entrapment of Slav converts to Islam within the structures of an alien religion. He describes Andrić's depiction of Muslim characters as mono-dimensional. Muslim Slavs depicted in the novel, he asserts, fall under three types: "the evil Turk", "the good Turk" and the janissary, who secretly mourns being severed from his Christian brethren. These character depictions, Sells argues, betray Andrić's stereotypical notions of Islam. Ani Kokobobo, a professor of Slavic studies, believes violence is a theme that offers conceptual cohesion to the novel's otherwise fragmented narrative. The most notable depiction of it is the impalement of Radisav of Unište, who attempts to sabotage the construction of the bridge. Several scholars interpret Radisav's impalement as an allegory for the state of Bosnia itself—subjected, vulnerable and fragmented between Christianity and Islam.

The historian Tomislav Dulić interprets the destruction of the bridge at the novel's conclusion as having several symbolic meanings. On the one hand, it marks the end of traditional Ottoman life in the town and signals the unstoppable oncome of modernity, while on the other, it foreshadows the death and destruction that await Bosnia and Herzegovina in the future. Dulić describes the ending as "deeply pessimistic", and attributes Andrić's pessimism to the events of World War II.

Reception and legacy

The three novels Andrić published in 1945 were an immediate success. The Bridge on the Drina was instantly recognized as a classic by the Yugoslav literary establishment. The novel played an important role in shaping Andrić's Tito-era reputation as the very embodiment of Yugoslav literature, a "living equivalent to Njegoš". From its publication in 1945 until the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991–92, the novel was required reading in Yugoslav secondary schools.

The novel's literary and historical significance was instrumental in persuading the Swedish Academy to award Andrić the Nobel Prize. In his introduction to Andrić's acceptance speech, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences member Göran Liljestrand took note of the symbolic significance of the bridge and described Andrić as a unifying force. "Just as the bridge on the Drina brought East and West together," Liljestrand said, "so your work has acted as a link, combining the culture of your country with other parts of the planet." Following Andrić's death in 1975, Slovene novelist Ivan Potrč wrote an obituary praising the Nobel Laureate. "Andrić did not merely write The Bridge on the Drina," Potrč remarked. "He built, is building and will continue to build bridges between our peoples and nationalities."

In subsequent decades, large sections of the Croatian and Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) literary establishments distanced themselves from Andrić's body of work due to his strong ties with Serbian culture. In 1992, at the outset of the Bosnian War, a Bosnian Muslim destroyed a bust of Andrić in Višegrad using a sledgehammer. Later that year, more than 200 Bosniak civilians were killed on the bridge by Bosnian Serb militias and their bodies tossed into the Drina. By 1993, owing to the war and consequent ethnic cleansing, the multi-ethnic Bosnia described in the novel had largely been consigned to history. Andrić and his works, particularly The Bridge on the Drina, remain a source of controversy among Bosniaks due to their alleged anti-Muslim undertones. The Turkish writer Elif Shafak has stated that the novel radically changed her perception of Ottoman history. "Suddenly, I had to rethink what I thought I knew," Shafak wrote for the New Statesman. "I had to unlearn. What Andrić's novel did for me at that young age was to shake years of nationalistic education, and whisper into my ears: "Have you ever considered the story from the point of view of the Other?""

Patterson describes The Bridge on the Drina as a seminal work whose themes and motifs—forced labour, invasion, annexation and displacement—would appear frequently in subsequent 20th-century fiction. The town of Višegrad and its historic sites were popularized throughout Yugoslavia as a result of the novel, to which the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge owes its renown. The Bridge on the Drina was widely read by Western scholars, reporters and policy makers amidst the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, and sometimes cited as one of the two most important texts ever written about the Balkans, the other being Rebecca West's 1941 travel book Black Lamb and Grey Falcon''. The bridge was recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007. In 2011, the Serbian filmmaker Emir Kusturica began construction of a mock-town called Andrićgrad in the vicinity of the bridge. Andrićgrad was officially opened on 28 June 2014, the 100th anniversary of Franz Ferdinand's assassination. Kusturica intends to use it as a set for a future cinematic adaption of the novel. In 2019, Pope Francis quoted a passage from the novel at a press conference in Rabat, Morocco while arguing for amity and concord between nations.

References

Endnotes

Citations

Sources

External links
The Bridge on the Drina full text, translated by Lovett F. Edwards
Book profile at the Ivo Andrić Foundation

1945 novels
Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina literature
Cultural depictions of Gavrilo Princip
Novels set in 16th-century Ottoman Empire
Novels set in 17th-century Ottoman Empire
Novels set in 18th-century Ottoman Empire
Novels set in 19th-century Ottoman Empire
Novels set in 20th-century Ottoman Empire
Historical novels
Novels set in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Novels set in Yugoslavia
Culture of Serbia
Serbian novels
Višegrad
Ivo Andrić

The Bridge on the Drina


Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihî Alanı, Çanakkale ili sınırları içerisinde, Gelibolu yarımadasının güney ucunda, Eceabat ilçesinin hemen hemen tamamını kapsayan ve Çanakkale Boğazı'nın Avrupa yakasında 33.000 hektarlık bir alanı içeren büyük bir alandır. 1973'te millî park olarak kurulmuş olup imara açılabilmesi amacıyla 2014 yılında millî park statüsünden çıkartılmış ve tarihî alan olarak sınıflandırılmıştır.

Tarihçe
Orman Bakanlığının önerisi ile 33.000 ha alanı olan Gelibolu Yarımadası, önce Bakanlar Kurulunun 7/6477 sayılı kararı ile 25 Mayıs 1973 tarihinde "orman rejimi" içine alınmıştır. Ardından özellikle tarihi ve bunun yanında tabii niteliklerinden dolayı, 22 Kasım 1973 tarihinde de, başyapıt olarak da Şehitler Abidesi ile birlikte, millî park ilan edilmiştir. 4533 sayılı Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihî Millî Parkı Kanunu çıkartılmıştır.

Söz konusu yasada millî parkın korunması, geliştirilmesi, yönetimi, tanıtılması ile ilgili esasların ortaya konulduğu uzun devreli gelişme planı ODTÜ tarafından hazırlanmış ve 23 Aralık 2003 tarihinde onaylanmıştır. Planda öngörülen projeler, yeni ismi ile Doğa Koruma ve Millî Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü sorumluluğunda uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Uzun devreli gelişme planının millî parkta uygulaması da dünyada ilk kez uluslararası ihale ile belirlenmiştir. İhaleyi, doğal ve tarihi dokuya zarar vermeden ziyaretçilerin de millî parktan azami derecede yararlanmasını öngören projesi ile bir Norveç firması kazanmıştır. Ardından proje hayata geçirilmiştir.

Bu projeler kapsamında, Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihi Millî Parkı alanını en iyi temsil edebilecek logo yarışması açılmıştır. Yarışmaya 416 adet logo çalışması katılmıştır. 28.11.2004 tarihinde toplanan jüri, ödül alacak altı adet logo çalışması arasından birincilik Ödülünü, Ayşen Tuğba Doruk tarafından hazırlanan logoya vermiştir. 2004 ve 2005 yıllarında Gelibolu Yarımadası'nın içinde bulunduğu millî parkta yer alan şehitlikler ve diğer eserler köklü bir bakım ya da renovasyondan geçirilerek 18 Mart 2005 tarihinde tekrar ziyaretçilerin hizmetine açıldı.

28 Haziran 2014 tarihinde yayınlanarak yürürlüğe giren 6546 sayılı Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihî Alan Başkanlığı Kurulması Hakkında Kanun ile millî park vasfı kaldırılmış ve tarihî alan olarak yeniden sınıflandırılmıştır.

Ulaşım
Park'a Edirne ve İstanbul'dan Tekirdağ ve Gelibolu yolu ile; Ankara, Bursa ve İzmir'den ise Çanakkale'den Kilitbahir ve Eceabat'a düzenlenen feribot seferiyle ulaşılır. En yakın havaalanı Çanakkale'dedir. Çanakkale Havaalanı'na Ankara ve İstanbul'dan THY'nin tarifeli uçuşlarıyla ulaşmak mümkündür.

Özellikler

I. Dünya Savaşı Çanakkale Deniz ve Kara Muharebelerinin yapıldığı yerler Gelibolu Yarımadası içerisindedir. Ayrıca batık gemiler, toplar, siperler, kaleler ve burçlardan ve savaşla ilgili yüzlerce başka kalıntıdan oluşan geniş bir yelpazenin yanı sıra 60.000'i aşan Türk şehidinin ve yine 250.000'i aşan Avustralya, Yeni Zelanda, İngiliz ve Fransız askerlerinin savaş mezarları ve anıtları buradadır.

Muharebe alanları, savaş mezarları, anıtlar ve savaşla ilgili kalıntılar "tarihi sit alanı" ve "kültürel varlık" olarak tescil edilmiştir. Ayrıca MÖ 4000 tarihine dek giden birçok "Arkeolojik sit alanı ve anıtı" vardır. Çok çeşitli "doğal sit alanları ve anıtlar" içerisinde ise kumsallar, koyaklar, Akdeniz çalıları(maki) ile karışık koru parçaları, çarpıcı görünümlü jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik oluşumlar, bir tuz gölü(yakın zamana kadar bir kıyı gölüydü) ve 15. yüzyıl askeri mimarisinin eşsiz örneklerini içeren ilginç bir "kültürel miras" koleksiyonu vardır.

Şehitlikler ve eserler

Çanakkale Meydan Muharebeleri, Türk milletinin en zor döneminde dünyanın en güçlü devletlerine karşı koyduğu bir savunma destanıdır. Bu muharebelerde, harbin gerçekleştiği cephe ve tabyalardan bazıları şu şekil arşivlerde geçmekle beraber, bütün şehitlikler adlandırılırken verilen listedeki cephelere göre isimlendirilmişlerdir:

"Ağıldere, Anafartalar, Arıburnu, Bahrısefid Boğazı, Cesarettepe, Conk Bayırı, Conk Tepe, Çatlaktepe, Çanakkkale, Erenköy, Ertuğrul, Esnay-ı Harp, Gelibolu, Horhortepe, İntepe, Kabatepe, Kanlısırt, Kanlıtepe, Karakaş tepeler, Keçidere, Kerevizdere, Kılıçbayırı, Kireçtepe, Kirte, Kocaçimen, Kumkale, Lapseki, Eceabat (Mydos), Merkeztepe, Mestantepe, Orhaniye, Ovacık, Seddülbahir, Seddülbahir Kudüs Beytepe, Sandıklıtepe, Sarıbayır, Sığındere, Sığındere-Eski Hisarlık, Soğandere, Soğanlıdere, Suvla, Tengertepe, Topluhisar, Yassıtepe, Yeşilsırt, Yusufcuktepe, Zebnebarın Gediği, Zığındere (bazı kaynaklarda Sığındere olarak verilmiş)."

Tarihî alan sınırları
Alanın batısı, güneyi ve doğusu sırasıyla Ege Denizi ve  Çanakkale Boğazı tarafından çevrilmiştir. Ancak alanın kuzeyinde karasal sınır söz konusu. Çanakkale'nin Eceabat ilçesinin toplam 12 adet yerleşim birimlerinden 8 tanesi tarihî alan içinde kalmaktadır. Bunlar; Alçıtepe, Behramlı, Bigalı, Büyükanafarta, Kilitbahir, Kocadere, Küçükanafarta ve Seddülbahir köyleridir.

Tarihî alan dışı yerleşimler ise toplam 4 tanedir: Beşyol, Kumköy, Yalova ve Yolağzı. Bu yerleşimler haritada kırmızı ile işaretlenmişlerdir. Her ne kadar tarihî alan sınırları dışında olsalar da bu köylerde de savaş mezarlığı ya da şehitlikler mevcut olup tarihî alan sınırlarına çok yakındırlar.

Hizmetler ve konaklama
Tabii çevrenin zengin güzellikleri ve savaş alanları dışında, Kabatepe'deki müze, piknik ve kamp alanlarından faydalanılabilinir. Ayrıca Eceabat İdare ve Ziyaretçi Merkezi ile buradaki günübirlik alan ve kır gazinosundan faydalanmak mümkündür. Çadır ve karavanla konaklama imkânı mevcuttur.

Antik kentler

Gelibolu Yarımadası'nda eski antik yerleşimler
 Sestos
 Lysimachia
 Elaius (Eski Hisarlık)
 Protesilaion (Karaağaç Tepe)

Fotoğraf galerisi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Çanakkale'deki müzeler
Türkiye'deki eski millî parklar
Türkiye'deki açık hava müzeleri
Çanakkale merkez
Harp sahaları


Christiane Vaussard, née le 17 novembre 1923 à Neuilly-sur-Seine et morte le 4 août 2011 à Louveciennes, est une danseuse de ballet, étoile du Ballet de l'Opéra de Paris. professeure et chorégraphe française,

Au cours de sa carrière, elle travaille avec des danseurs de ballet tels que Zizi Jeanmaire, Roland Petit, Olga Preobrajenska, Boris Kniaseff, Alexandra Balachova, Serge Lifar et .

Biographie
Christiane Vaussard est issue d'une famille d'artistes, son père est professeur à la Schola Cantorum, son grand-père Léon Duprez (1838-1928) était chanteur et professeur de chant au conservatoire, son arrière-grand-père Gilbert Duprez (1806-1896) était ténor à l'Opéra de Paris,.

Elle apprend la danse, très jeune, avec Carlotta Zambelli et entre à l'école de danse de l'Opéra de Paris en 1933 à l'âge de 10 ans. Ses professeurs sont Carlotta Zambelli, Albert Aveline et Serge Lifar; puis elle est admise dans le corps de ballet de l'Opéra de Paris à tout juste 14 ans, en 1937. Elle prend aussi des cours privés avec Serge Peretti, Lioubov Egorova, Olga Preobrajenska et Alexandra Balachova. Elle est nommée grand sujet en 1944, première danseuse en 1945 puis danseuse étoile du Ballet de l'Opéra de Paris en 1947,.

Sa carrière débute en 1945, première danseuse, elle remplace Yvette Chauviré malade dans Coppélia qu'elle danse aussi avec le Ballet du Bolchoï. En 1946, elle remplace au pied levé Lycette Darsonval blessée dans le rôle d'Odette-Odile dans Le Lac des cygnes,

Elle étudie avec Tamara Toumanova, Maria Tallchief, George Balanchine, Serge Lifar et Albert Aveline.

En 1948, elle fait une tournée aux États-Unis.

En 1950, elle apparaît dans Le Chevalier Errant et trois ans plus tard danse dans Variations, suivi de son apparition dans L'Oiseau de feu en 1954. D'autres apparitions dans des ballets suivent dont Apollon musagète de George Balanchine, Symphonie en ut et Le Baiser de la fée.

Le 16 novembre 1952, elle danse le Lac des cygnes au gala du magazine féminin communiste Femmes françaises avec Michel Renault.

En 1963, elle prend sa retraite de la scène et poursuit une carrière de professeure de danse à l'école de danse de l'Opéra de Paris de 1964 à 1993. De 1969 à 1989, Christiane Vaussard est également professeure au conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris  et a pour élèves Élisabeth Platel, Isabelle Guérin, Isabelle Ciaravola, Clairemarie Osta, Nolwenn Daniel.

Elle apparait plusieurs fois à la télévision française dans des reportages sur l'école de danse de l'Opéra de Paris.

Répertoire

à l'Opéra de Paris et à l'Opéra-Comique
Sérénade, chorégraphie de George Balanchine, 30 avril 1947.
Le Chevalier errant, chorégraphie de Serge Lifar, 26 avril 1950.
La Grande jatte d' Albert Aveline, 1950.
Les Femmes de bonne humeur, de Léonide Massine, 23 février 1951, salle Favart : La Soubrette Mariuccia.
Le Bal du Pont du Nord, de Léonide Massine, le 18 mai 1951, salle Favart : Adèle.
Les Deux Pigeons, d'Albert Aveline, 27 février 1952.
Les Indes galantes, d'Albert Aveline, 1952
Variations, de Serge Lifar, 5 mars 1953.
L'Oiseau de feu, de Serge Lifar, 7 avril 1954 : La Tsarevna.
Obéron, de Serge Lifar, 1954
Les Sylphides de Michel Fokine, reprise du 7 juin 1956
La Symphonie fantastique, de Léonide Massine, 17 avril 1957 : la Bien-aimée.
,  d'Anton Dolin, avec Yvette Chauviré, Lycette Darsonval et Josette Amiel, 16 décembre 1959.
Isoline, de George Skibine, 1960
Le Baiser de la fée, de Georges Balanchine : la Fiancée
Le Palais de cristal de Georges Balanchine : l'Adage
Elvire d'Albert Aveline
Le Spectre de la rose de Michel Fokine
Suite de danses d'Ivan Clustine
Les Mirages de Serge Lifar : l'Ombre
Les Fourberies de Scapin de Serge Lifar
Giselle  de Serge Lifar

Vie privée
Pendant la seconde guerre mondiale, elle rencontre un officier du renseignement américain William Henry Yves Hawkins (1914-1978), et ils se marient le 12 août 1945 au Vésinet et eurent un fils en 1949.

Décorations

 .
 .
   .

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 :
.
.

Liens externes

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Danseuse française du XXe siècle
Danseuse de danse classique
Maîtresse de ballet
Ballet de l'Opéra national de Paris
Chorégraphe française
Théâtre Bolchoï
Danse classique
Enseignant au Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris
Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres
Personnalité liée à la musique classique décorée de la Légion d'honneur
Naissance en novembre 1923
Naissance à Neuilly-sur-Seine
Décès en août 2011
Décès à Louveciennes
Décès à 87 ans

Christiane Vaussard


Philip Anthony Jones (fæddur 21. febrúar 1992) er enskur knattspyrnumaður sem spilaði síðast með Manchester United. Hann spilaði 27 leiki með enska landsliðinu.

Enskir knattspyrnumenn
fólk fætt árið 1992

Phil Jones


Leuckersdorf ist ein Gemeindeteil der Stadt Herrieden im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Der Weiler liegt an der Wieseth und ist in der Talmulde von Grün- und Ackerland umgeben. Etwas weiter östlich befindet sich die bewaldete Anhöhe Stadler und etwas weiter westlich die bewaldete Anhöhe Kapellenwald.

Die Kreisstraße AN 36 führt nach Windshofen (1,5 km westlich) bzw. nach Elbersroth (1,2 km südöstlich). Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Gimpertshausen (0,9 km nördlich).

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde wahrscheinlich im 11. Jahrhundert gegründet. Das Bestimmungswort des Ortsnamens ist der Personenname "Leukardus". Eine Person dieses Namens ist als Gründer der Siedlung anzunehmen.

Leuckersdorf lag im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Feuchtwangen. 1732 gab es 3 Anwesen. Grundherren waren das Verwalteramt Bechhofen (2 Anwesen) und das Rittergut Amlishagen (1 Anwesen). An diesen Verhältnissen änderte sich bis zum Ende des Alten Reiches nichts. Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Feuchtwangen.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Leuckersdorf dem Steuerdistrikt Weinberg und der Ruralgemeinde Elbersroth zugeordnet. Am 1. Juli 1971 wurde Leuckersdorf im Zuge der Gebietsreform nach Herrieden eingemeindet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort war ursprünglich rein katholisch und nach St. Peter und Paul (Aurach) gepfarrt. Seit 1501 sind die Einwohner nach St. Jakobus der Ältere (Elbersroth) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner evangelisch-lutherischer Konfession waren ursprünglich nach Christuskirche (Herrieden) gepfarrt, heute ist die Pfarrei St. Wenzeslaus (Wieseth) zuständig.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Ortsteil von Herrieden
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Weiler in Mittelfranken

Leuckersdorf


A multidenominational school () is a relatively new type of primary school in Ireland. They often try to move away from traditional religion-based models, which are common in Ireland, typically these are Roman Catholic and, to a lesser extent, Church of Ireland schools.

Multidenominational schools claim to promote pluralism and multiculturalism in a way that traditional denominational schools have not.

See also
 Education in the Republic of Ireland
 Education in Northern Ireland
 Educate Together

External links
 Educate Together, the representative organisation for English-language multi-denominational schools in Ireland
 An Foras Pátrúnachta, founded in 1993 to act as an alternative patron for new gaelscoileanna (Irish language schools), its schools include Catholic schools, interdenominational schools, multi-denominational schools and non-denominational schools.
 Dalkey School Project, the first of the "Educate Together" schools
 Swords Educate Together National School, Educate Together School, in Swords County, Dublin

Schools in Ireland
School types

Multidenominational school


Chloé Morin, née le  à Saint-Martin-d'Hères, est une essayiste française, directrice d'un cabinet de conseil.

Elle est conseillère auprès du Premier ministre entre 2012 et 2016 et experte à la Fondation Jean-Jaurès. Elle est également chroniqueuse à L'Express et intervient sur France Info dans Les Informés.

Biographie

Jeunesse et études
Chloé Morin est une fille de médecins ardéchois. Elle passe son enfance à Vallon-Pont-d'Arc. Elle effectue ses études à Sciences Po Paris de 2008 à 2010. Elle en sort avec un diplôme d'histoire de l'économie et un diplôme en développement en économie. Elle étudie l'histoire de l'économie à la London School of Economics.

Parcours professionnel
En 2010-2011, Chloé Morin travaille en tant qu'assistante de Martin Hirsch pour l'organisation internationale du travail. De 2012 à 2017, elle travaille comme conseillère auprès des Premiers ministres Jean-Marc Ayrault et Manuel Valls.

De septembre 2016 à octobre 2017, Chloé Morin travaille pour l'entreprise Ellafactory. Début 2017, elle devient directrice de l'observatoire de l'opinion de la fondation Jean Jaurès ; elle quitte ce poste en février 2020. En juin 2018, elle devient directrice de projet pour l'entreprise Ipsos. Elle quitte ce poste également en février 2020 pour cofonder avec Marie Le Vern le cabinet de conseil en opinion Societing et en devenir la directrice générale.

Dans Les Inamovibles de la République, elle dénonce ce qu'elle considère comme une prise de pouvoir des hauts fonctionnaires sur le corps politique, représenté par les ministres, et souligne le risque que cela pose pour la démocratie.

Dans son ouvrage de 2022, On a les Politiques qu'on mérite, elle défend l'idée que les Français seraient trop exigeants avec les personnalités politiques, ce qui pourrait être contre-productif en entraînant le départ des plus honnêtes. Elle trace d'eux des portraits jugés plus humains que ceux offerts par la presse.

Publications
 Les Inamovibles de la République, Éditions de l'Aube, 2020.
 Avec .
 Le Populisme au secours de la démocratie ?, Gallimard, collection « Le débat », 176 pages, 2021.
 On a les politiques qu'on mérite, Fayard, 324 pages, 2022 .
 On aura tout essayé, Fayard, 400 pages, 2023 .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Politologue français
Naissance en février 1988
Naissance à Saint-Martin-d'Hères

Chloé Morin


بيكو ريفيرا  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة لوس أنجليس، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 29 يناير، 1958.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لبيكو ريفيرا في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان بيكو ريفيرا 63,428 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 16,468 أسرة وعدد العائلات 13,872 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 16,807 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 49.44% من البيض و0.71% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و1.35% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و2.65% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.12% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و40.28% من الأعراق الأخرى و5.44% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و88.29% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 16,468 أسرة كانت نسبة 54.1% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 58.7% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 17.8% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك،  بينما كانت نسبة 7.8% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 15.8% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 12.8% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 6.6% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.83، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 4.12.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 30.6 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 31% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 10.5% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 29.7% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 17.7% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 10.6% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 96.7 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 93.7 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 41,564 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 45,422 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 29,397 دولارًا مقابل 24,491 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 13,011 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 11.6% من العائلات ونسبة 12.6% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 16.3% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 9% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان بيكو ريفيرا 62,942 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 16,566 أسرة وعدد العائلات 13,647 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 17,109 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 59.44% من البيض و0.96% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و1.38% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و2.56% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.07% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و31.88% من الأعراق الأخرى و3.71% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و91.20% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 16,566 أسرة كانت نسبة 48.7% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 53.4% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 20.1% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك،  بينما كانت نسبة 8.9% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 17.6% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 13.7% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 7% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.77، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 4.10.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 34.0 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 26.7% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 11.1% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 27.4% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 22.8% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 12.1% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 48.8% ذكور و51.2% إناث.

توأمة
لبيكو ريفيرا (كاليفورنيا) اتفاقيات توأمة مع:
 مدينة سان لويس بوتوسي

أعلام

 ريكو راموس
 دنيس موريسون
 جانيت خورادو
 كريستيان رولدان
 جنيفر ماريا سيم

مراجع

بيكو ريفيرا (كاليفورنيا)
أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1958
تأسيسات سنة 1958 في كاليفورنيا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)

بيكو ريفيرا (كاليفورنيا)


Mac rosu  (engl. Remembrance poppy, se înțelege mack самосейка) — simbol în memoria victimelor Primului război mondial, iar ulterior — al tuturor victimelor militare și civile implicate in  conflictul armat, începând cu 1914.

Istoria și valoarea

Pentru prima dată, ca un simbol de culoare macul  apare într-un  poem canadian al mediculu  militar John МcCrae "in Flanders fields" (1915) .

Ideea de a folosi mac rosu ca simbol de memorie aparține Moinei Michael, profesor  in cadrul Universitatii din Georgia, SUA. Impresionata de munca lui McCrae  în noiembrie 1918, ea a scris propriul poem "Vom păstra credința", unde  a jurat pentru  întotdeauna să poarte mac roșu, în memoria celor căzuți în Primul război mondial. După 1918 Мoina Michael se ocupa de sprijin financiar in sustinerea veteranilor de război. În scopul de a aduna fondurile necesare, Michael și-a propus să vândă mac confectionat artificial  din mătase.

Pentru prima data simbolul a fost folosit de Americanii legionari  in  memoria soldaților americani căzuți în timpul Primului război mondial. Simbolul a capatat o distributie mai largă în țările Commonwealth — Marea Britanie și fostele colonii, precum și în America de Nord și Australia.

Utilizarea

În Ucraina
Macul rosu a fost  folosit pentru prima dată de Ucraina în 2014, în cadrul manifestărilor de aniversarea pentru cel de al Doilea război mondial în Europa.

Insigna macului rosu a fost elaborata la inițiativa Institutului National de comemorare Ucrainean și Televiziunea Nationala Ucraineana. Autorul simbolului este designerul Sergiu Mișachin, produsul este permis la folosirea liberă în scopuri necomerciale.

Reprezentarea grafică este  o iluzie: pe de o parte insigna reprezintă o floare de mac, pe de altă parte — urme de sânge, de la gloanțe. Alături de  floare, de obicei, sunt plasate  data de început și de sfârșit  al războiului  mondial (1939 și 1945), precum și sloganul "Ніколи знову" (rom. "Niciodată din nou")

Simbolistica
 Zilele de comemorare și doliu

Referinte

Simboluri

Macul Roșu (simbol al vremii)


Hrvatska:

 Mala Lešnica, naselje grada Delnica, Primorsko-goranska županija
 Velika Lešnica, naselje grada Delnica, Primorsko-goranska županija

Sjeverna Makedonija:

 Lešnica (Gostivar), naselje u općini Gostivar
 Lešnica (Kičevo), naselje u općini Kičevo
 Dolna Lešnica, naselje u općini Želino
 Gorna Lešnica, naselje u općini Želino

Slovenija:

 Lešnica (Novo Mesto), naselje u gradskoj općini Novo Mesto, regija Jugoistočna Slovenija
 Lešnica (Ormož), naselje u općini Ormož, regija Podravska

Srbija:

 Lešnica (Loznica), naselje grada Loznice, Mačvanski okrug
 Jadranska Lešnica, naselje grada Loznice, Mačvanski okrug

Lešnica


The Dog Inside er en film instrueret af Daniel Norback.

Handling
En hund løber rundt mellem 4 forskellige TV-overvågede rum uden at finde vejen ud eller rigtig forstå, hvor den er. Hunden løber og løber...

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2000

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark

The Dog Inside


التعقيل  هو إحدى طرائق الإكثار الخضري في النباتات. يجري بقطع أجزاء من سوق بعض النباتات كالعنب و التين على أساس أن يحتوي كل جزء على عدة براعم تسمى بالعقل. تزرع العقل في تربة رطبة ويكون جزء منها فوق سطح التربة.

انظر أيضًا

 تنضيد (بذور)

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
إكثار الزيتون بالعقل الغضة .

استنساخ
بستنة
بستنة وحدائق
تكاثر النبات
تكاثر لاجنسي

تعقيل


SAP Business Suite es un conjunto de programas que permiten a las empresas ejecutar y optimizar distintos aspectos como los sistemas de ventas, gestión de la tesoreria, operaciones bancarias, compras, fabricación, inventarios y relaciones con los clientes. Ofrece la posibilidad de realizar procesos específicos de la empresa o crear módulos independientes para funcionar con otro software de SAP o de otros proveedores. SAP está basado en una plataforma de tecnología integrada llamada NetWeaver. La suite puede soportar sistemas operativos, bases de datos, aplicaciones y componentes de hardware de casi cualquier proveedor.

Historia

 En 1975, se lanza la primera versión, llamada SAP R/1.Que en realidad no sirve para nada. Esta versión constaba de una arquitectura a tres niveles(Arquitectura multinivel): capa de presentación, capa de negocios y capa de datos. Estas tres capas eran instaladas en un mismo ordenador/servidor.
 En 1979 sale la versión SAP R/2, en la que la capa de presentación iba instalada en un ordenador/servidor y las capas de negocios y datos en otro.
 En 1992 se actualiza a SAP R/3, que ya presentaba total independencia entre sus capas, instalándose cada una en un ordenador/servidor diferente.
 En 1996 se incorpora a SAP R/3 la posibilidad de trabajar en Internet. SAP empieza a elaborar soluciones específicas para cada sector comercial.
 En 1999 la empresa lanza mySAP.com, que es una herramienta de software de comercio electrónico integrada que ofrece soluciones para el usuario en función de su rol dentro la empresa.
 En 2004 SAP crea la plataforma NetWeaver para sus aplicaciones.

A partir de 1982, se fueron lanzando distintas versiones de SAP R/3, desde la 1.0 hasta la 6.0.
La última versión de SAP Business Suite es la 7.0 lanzada en .

Composición

SAP Business Suite está dividido en 6 módulos:
 SAP VIM (Vendor invoice management)
 SAP CRM (Customer relationship management)
 SAP ERP (Sistema de planificación de recursos empresariales)
 SAP PLM (Administración del ciclo de vida de productos)
 SAP SCM (Administración de la cadena de suministro)
 SAP SRM (Supplier relationship management)
 SAP CRM: Se encarga de interactuar con todos los temas relacionados con el cliente ya sea ventas, marketing o servicios. No sólo realiza operaciones a corto plazo, como reducir costes, sino que también adquiere capacidades que permite llevarlas a cabo a largo plazo. Sus características son las siguientes:
 Soporta todos los procesos que se llevan a cabo con el cliente como suministro, facturación y la contabilidad de deudores.
 Proporciona conocimientos de los clientes a toda la empresa.
 Permite obtener unos resultados inmediatamente, a la vez que establece las pautas para conseguir unos objetivos a medio/largo plazo.
Las áreas que abarca CRM son: marketing, ventas, servicio, aplicaciones analíticas, soporte de aplicaciones a domicilio, E-commerce, operaciones y gestión de centros de atención al cliente y gestión de canales.

 SAP ERP: Da soporte a las funciones esenciales de los procesos y operaciones de la empresa. A su vez, se subdivide en:
 SAP ERP Finanzas: permite cumplir con los estándares de generación de informes financieros, mejorar el flujo de caja y gestionar los riesgos financieros.
 SAP ERP Gestión del capital humano: optimiza los procesos de selección y motivación de los empleados.
 SAP ERP Operaciones: se mejoran las operaciones para reducir costes, aumentar ingresos, maximizar la rentabilidad y la atención al cliente.
Las áreas que abarca SAP ERP son: análisis empresarial, contabilidad financiera e interna, gestión del capital humano, gestión de operaciones, gestión de servicios corporativos y autoservicios.

 SAP PLM: Las funciones de este módulo más importantes son crear y suministrar productos y optimizar los procesos de desarrollo de los productos y sistemas para acelerar su introducción en el mercado. Este módulo comprende áreas como gestión del ciclo de vida de la información, gestión de programas y proyectos, colaboración en el proceso completo, gestión de calidad, gestión del ciclo completo de los activos, y medio ambiente, salud y seguridad.

 SAP SCM: Permite diseñar, construir y poner en marcha la cadena de suministro. Las funciones más importantes que ofrece son reducir los costes a la hora de distribuir el producto, aumentar los ingresos por la venta de estos y la reducción de costes, y mejorar el servicio a los clientes.

 SAP SRM: Ofrece funciones tales como el análisis de gastos, abastecimiento, contratos operativos, pedidos, facturas y gestión de proveedores. Permite reducir costes a la hora de comprar materiales, elegir aprovisionamientos y colaboración entre la empresa y pequeños comercios.

Véase también
 SAP SE (Empresa)
 SAP NetWeaver
 SAP R/3
 SAP Business ByDesign

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Official website (Archivado)
 SAP Business Suite on SAP Community Network (SAP.com muestra última versión del Suite: S/4 Hana)
 Foros de Ayuda sobre SAP en español
 Foro SAP
 Ayuda SAP
 Mundo SAP

SAP

SAP Business Suite


Litavski građanski rat bio je oružani sukob između vojnih snaga posvađanih plemićkih obitelji u Velikoj Kneževini Litvi (državi koja je u to doba bila u sastavu Poljsko-Litavske Unije) u osvit Velikoga sjevernoga rata. Veći broj poljsko-litvanskih plemića predvođenih obiteljima Radziwiłł, Wiśniowiecki, Pac i Ogiński udružilo se i urotilo protiv moćne litavske velikaške obitelji Sapieha, inače ukrajinskoga podrijetla, koja je imala prevlast i odlučujući utjecaj u litvanskom dijelu Unije, a sve više je znala zloporabiti svoju moć. Nakon razdoblja sve jače napetosti, došlo je do rata u kojemu je vojska koalicije udruženih plemića nakon nekoliko bitaka na kraju pobijedila oružane snage obitelji Sapieha, te je potonja izgubila svoju dotadašnju nadmoć u Litvi.

Tijek sukoba
Tijekom posljednje četvrtine 17. stoljeća članovi velikaške obitelji Sapieha imali su pod nadzorom najvažnije poluge  moći u Litvanskoj velikoj kneževini (tada u sklopu unije s Poljskom), među kojima litvansku državnu riznicu i vojsku, koje su bile zasebne od Poljske. Jan Kazimierz Sapieha (1637. - 1720.) bio je hetman, najviši litvanski vojni zapovjednik, njegov mlađi brat Benedikt Pavel Sapieha (1643. - 1707.), državni rizničar, stariji Janov sin Jerzy Stanislaw Sapieha (1668. - 1732.), državni komornik, mlađi Janov sin Michał Franciszek Sapieha (1670. - 1700.), general, a i ostali članovi obitelji bili su nositelji važnih dužnosti. Veliki utjecaj Sapiehe imali su i na samoga kralja, što je izazvalo i njegovo nezadovoljstvo, a otpor plemstva, kako visokog, tako i srednjeg i nižeg (zvanog šljahta /polj. szlachta/), kao i dijela visokoga  svećenstva, sve je više rastao. Isprva nezadovoljnici nisu imali dovoljno odlučnosti otvoreno se suprotstaviti Sapiehama, nego tek 1697. godine, kada su koalicijske vojne postrojbe napale posjede Sapiehâ, pljačkajući ih, što je zatim dovelo do izravnih oružanih okršaja.

To nije bio prvi građanski rat u Litvi, jer ih je tijekom 14. i 15. stoljeća bilo nekoliko, s različitim sudionicima, a trajali su po nekoliko godina. Ovaj puta otvoreni je rat trajao oko pet godina, od 1697. do 1702. godine. U to je vrijeme Litva već dugo bila u državnoj zajednici s Poljskom (najprije od 1385. u personalnoj, a zatim od 1569. godine u realnoj uniji). Na čelu cijele zajedničke države je od 1697. godine bio August Saski iz dinastije Wettin, novoizabrani kralj njemačkoga podrijetla, koji je vladao Unijom u vremenu 1697.–1706. i ponovno 1709.–1733.

U Litvanskom građanskom ratu odvilo se nekoliko bitaka (pri čemu o nekima od njih ima vrlo malo dostupnih podataka), a to su bile:
bitka kod Kaunasa
bitka kod Žiežmariaija
bitka kod Bresta
bitka kod Jurbarkasa
bitka kod Valkininkaija
bitka kod Bihaua
bitka kod Darsūniškisa

Odlučujuća bitka bila je ona kod Valkininkaija (grada jugozapadno od Vilniusa), koja se zametnula 17. ili 18. studenog 1700. godine. U njoj je protusapieška koalicija, brojčano nadmoćnija, na čelu s generalom Michałom Serwacyjem Wiśniowieckim, odnijela pobjedu. Sapiehe su izgubili bitku, pri čemu su neki pripadnici njihova roda ubijeni, a ostali pobjegli u Poljsku. Ipak, stvari su se usložnile jer je već bio počeo Veliki sjeverni rat, a trzavice i sukobi litvanskog građanskog rata još nisu do kraja završili.

Poslije bitke kod Darsūniškisa, odigrane 24. ožujka 1702., koja se uzima kao uvod u švedsku invaziju Poljsko-Litvanske unije, Jan Kazimierz Sapieha, jedan od preživjelih pripadnika svoga roda, uz pomoć se Šveđana djelomično oporavio od poraza pa su se repovi litvanskoga građanskoga rata vukli još jedno vrijeme.

Vidi još

 Popis ratova
 Povijest Litve
 Lublinska unija

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 "Poljska i Litva: višestoljetni brak iz interesa (V. dio)" povijest.hr
 Uspon Rusije u 18. stoljeću - Veliki sjeverni rat, str.33 Sveučilište u Rijeci

Ratovi
Građanski rat 1697-1702.
Poljska vojna povijest
Povijest Ukrajine
Povijest Bjelorusije
Ratovi 17. stoljeća
Ratovi 18. stoljeća

Litvanski građanski rat (1697. – 1702.)


Daniel Hartman Hastings (February 26, 1849January 9, 1903) was the 21st governor of Pennsylvania, serving from 1895 to 1899.

Biography
Daniel H. Hastings was born in Salona, Clinton County, Pennsylvania on February 26, 1849. He was educated locally, and worked on his father's farm. He tried several times to run away to join the Union Army for the American Civil War, following the example of his three older brothers, but his father stopped him each time.

Early career
At age 14, Hastings became a school teacher in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, a job he held for four years. Named principal of Bellefonte High School at age 18, Hastings carried out the responsibilities of this position while furthering his own education, attending Bellefonte Academy and studying law.

Hastings was admitted to the bar in 1875 and established a successful practice. He also became involved in several businesses, including coal mines and banking. In addition, he was editor of the Bellefonte Republican newspaper.

Involved in local government and civic institutions, Hastings served on the Bellefonte school board, as a town Burgess, a trustee of Bellefonte's Methodist Episcopal Church, and a trustee of Pennsylvania State College and Dickinson College. Daniel Hastings was initiated into Bellefonte Lodge # 268 of Free and Accepted Masons in September 1874. He became their Worshipful Master of in 1878.  He was a member of the Bellefonte Chapter # 241 of Royal Arch masons. He became the Eminent Commander of  Constans Commandery #33 Knights Templar of Bellefonte in 1886.

Start of political career
Active in politics as a Republican, in 1878 he managed the successful Congressional campaign of his law partner, Seth Hartman Yocum, a Republican running as a Greenbacker.

In 1882 he was active in the unsuccessful campaign of James A. Beaver for governor. In 1886, he was a delegate to the state Republican convention, and gave the nominating speech for Beaver, who ran successfully for governor.  In 1887 he was chairman of the state Republican convention.

Hastings was a delegate to the 1888 Republican National Convention, and gave the nominating speech for John Sherman. He also gave a seconding speech for Levi P. Morton after Morton was nominated for Vice President.

Military career
In July 1877 Hastings joined the Pennsylvania State Militia as paymaster of the 5th Regiment with the rank of Captain. Within a year he had been appointed Lieutenant Colonel and second-in-command of his regiment, and soon afterwards he was appointed assistant adjutant of the Pennsylvania Militia's 2nd Brigade. By 1880 he had been promoted to commander of the 5th Regiment with the rank of colonel.

In 1887, governor and fellow Bellefonte resident James A. Beaver named Hastings as Adjutant General of the state Militia with the rank of major general.

In his role as adjutant general, Hastings led relief efforts following the 1889 Johnstown Flood, for which he gained statewide attention and praise.

Governor of Pennsylvania
Hastings was a candidate for governor in 1890, but Matthew S. Quay, leader of the state Republican Party, succeeded in obtaining the nomination for George W. Delamater, defeating Hastings by only 11 votes.

As a wealthy banker affiliated with Standard Oil, Delamater proved unpopular with many Republicans, who gave him lukewarm support or supported the Democratic nominee, former governor Robert E. Pattison. Pattison had been elected in 1882, and served from 1883 to 1887. Pattison was barred by law to an additional consecutive term and so could not run for reelection. James Beaver defeated Chauncey Forward Black in the 1886, and served from 1887 to 1891. Pattison running again then defeated Delamater in 1890, and served from 1891 to 1895.

Hastings sought the Republican gubernatorial again in 1894. He obtained it, and defeated the Democratic nominee, William M. Singerly. Hastings served one term, 1895 to 1899.

As governor, in 1895 Hastings appointed the first seven judges to the newly created Pennsylvania Superior Court, including former governor Beaver. In addition, his administration included the creation of the Pennsylvania State Game Commission, State Forestry Commission, and Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. He also signed into a law a measure to replace state property taxes with a tax on corporate profits.

Also in 1895, Hastings enacted the Pennsylvania Capitol Police, the first Pennsylvania police agency under Commonwealth jurisdiction and the second oldest state police organization in the United States, after the Texas Rangers.

In 1897, the State Capitol Building in Harrisburg was destroyed in a fire, and the Hastings administration started efforts to erect a replacement, which was completed in 1906.

Hastings directed the state's response during the Spanish–American War, working with the state legislature to raise troops, supplies and equipment and transport them to mobilization sites, and then taking steps to return soldiers to Pennsylvania and demobilize them at the end of the war.

Death and burial
Following his term, Hastings returned to his law practice and business interests. He died from pneumonia in Bellefonte on January 9, 1903, and was buried at Union Cemetery in Bellefonte.

Legacy
Hastings Hall on the University Park campus of Penn State is named for him.

In 1889 Hastings founded the town of Hastings, Pennsylvania as part of his coal mining interests, and it was named for him. He also founded the mining towns of Spangler and Bakerton.

In 1895 Hastings received an honorary LL.D. from Dickinson College.

References

External links

Daniel H. Hastings, National Governors Association
Daniel Hartman Hastings at Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission

1849 births
1903 deaths
Republican Party governors of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania lawyers
American militia officers
American militia generals
People from Bellefonte, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania State University people
Burials at Union Cemetery (Bellefonte, Pennsylvania)
Members of the Methodist Episcopal Church
American school principals
19th-century Methodists
19th-century American educators

Daniel H. Hastings


يُعتبر حي الأميرية من أهم الأحياء التاريخية في مدينة حماة في سوريا، وقد تغنّى به الشعراء قديماً في عهد الأمويين والعباسيين والعثمانيين. يَحد حي الأميرية من الشمال «حي الصحة» ومن الجنوب حيَّا «الشرقية» و«السخانة» ومن الشرق «حي التكية» ومن الغرب حيَّا «الحميدية» و«عين الباد». يبلغ عدد سكان الحي 15,000 نسمة، ولا يزال عدد السكان يَتزايد باستمرار.

التاريخ

كان حي الأميرية مركزاً من مراكز القرار، إذ كان يُوجد فيه مركز دار الحكم في المنطقة، وقد سمي بالأميرية نسبة لوٌجود مركز الحكم والمباني الأميرية (مباني الأمراء) فيه. وقد انطلقت من منطقة الأميرية في الماضي أوَّل شرارة للثورة ضد الحكم العثماني في مدينة حماة، وفي أيام الاستعمار الفرنسي لسوريا انطلقت ثورة شعبية من الحي ضد المُستعمرين بقيادة «حج حسن حبابو». وفي الوَقت الحاضر لا زالَ الحي ذا مُشاركة فاعلة في حركة الاحتجاجات السورية 2011 ضد نظام بشار الأسد ().

المرافق العامَّة

يُوجد في حي الأميرية أكبر وأقدم مستشفى في مدينة حماة، وهوَ «المشفى الوطني» الذي أصبحَ يُسمَّى الآن «مجمع الأسد الطبي». يَضمُّ الحي أيضاً عدداً من المساجد الكبيرة والمعروفة في المنطقة، مثل مسجد أبو بكر الصديق ومسجد المناخ ومسجد التكية، ويُشتهر الحي بالصناعات الحرفية واليدوية والغذائية مثل الحلويات الشرقية والغربية ومشتقات الألبان، إضافة إلى المحلات التجارية المُختلفة.

افتُتح في الحي نادي ثقافيٌّ ورياضي باسم «نادي العروبة الشبابي» منذ زمن يُوفر نشاطات كثيرة للأهالي، تشمل الفن والثقافة والرياضة. وتُوجد في الحيِّ أيضاً فرقة موسيقية خاصة تُشارك في إقامة الأفراح والمناسبات العامة به، وتُسمى «فرقة ليالي الشرق الموسيقية».

من أهم المدارس والمعاهد في الحي مدرسة «ثانوية صلاح حمود خضير» التي تتميز بسمعة طيبة حيث تحتوي الثانوية على كادر تدريسي مميز و«مدرسة الفنون النسوية»، كما يَشملُ الحي بعض الفنانين المعروفين محلياً وأعمالهم تُنشر أحياناً على شاشات التلفزيون العربي السوري والفضائيات الأخرى. ونسبة وُجود الفنانين عالية بعض الشيء في حي الأميرية، ولذلك فقد لُقب الحي - كما في شارع محمد علي في القاهرة بـ«شارع الفن».

أميرية

حي الأميرية (حماة)


العد عملية في الرياضيات هي العملية التي يتم فيها زيادة أو إنقاص واحد بشكل متكرر من أجل إيجاد عدد أشياء معينة بدءاً من العدد واحد للشيء الأول والاستمرار بزيادة واحد لكل شيء على شكل تابع مقابل حتى نهاية عد كامل الأشياء.
يستخدم العد أيضاً من قبل الأطفال الصغار لتعلم أسماء الأعداد وذلك بتكرارها بشكل تسلسلي.

من الممكن العد أيضاً بأساس أكبر من واحد، مثل العد باستخدام الرقم اثنين على الشكل (...,2,4,6,8) أو الرقم خمسة على الشكل (...,5,10,15,20).

انظر أيضا
 عدد أصلي.
 توافقيات.
 علم النفس التنموي.
 تاريخ الرياضيات.
 عدد ترتيبي.
 رمز العصا.
 نظام العد الأحادي.
 قائمة الأعداد.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أنظمة عد
أنظمة عددية
إحصاء
ترقيم
رياضيات ابتدائية
منطق رياضي

عد (رياضيات)


Kartallar, atmacagiller (Accipitridae) familyasına üyedir. Kartal türleri çok geniş bir yelpazede dağılan yırtıcı kuşları kapsar. Türkiye'de genellikle dağlık bölgelerde yaşarlar.

Özellikleri
Kartallar genel olarak diğer uçan yırtıcılardan daha iri ve daha güçlüdürler ve kafa yapıları daha büyüktür. Diğer yırtıcı kuşlar gibi eğri gagaları, kaslı bacakları ve güçlü pençeleri vardır. Eğri gaga yapısı avlarının etlerini söküp almaya yardımcı olurken, kaslı bacakları ve kilitlenebilen pençeleri sayesinde kendilerinden daha ağır avları bile uçarak taşıyabilirler. Kartalların görme yetenekleri çok gelişmiştir. Yüksek irtifalarda süzülürken yeri tarayarak avlarını hissettirmeden tespit edebilirler. Gözbebeklerinin kafataslarına oranla çok büyük oluşu, gelişmiş görme yeteneklerinin anahtarıdır. Ayrıca kartallar diğer kuşlara göre çok daha yüksekten uçarlar. En yükseğe uçan kuşlar Benekli Akbabalardır (11 km). Genel yaşam alanları ormanlar ve dağlardır.

Yuvalarını yüksek kayalıklara ve uzun ağaçların üst kısımlarına yaparlar. Yuvaya bıraktıkları bir ya da birkaç yumurtanın kuluçka dönemi altı-sekiz hafta sürer. Kuluçkadan çıkan yavrulardan büyük olanı, genellikle diğer yavruları öldürür. Anne ve baba ölümü durdurmak için herhangi bir müdahalede bulunmaz. Yavru yavaş gelişir ancak üç ilâ dört yaşına giren kartalların yetişkin tüyleri çıkar. Kaya kartallarının yaklaşık olarak kanat açıklığı 3 metreyi bulur.

Günlük hayatta kullanımı
 Türk Hava Kuvvetleri amblemi
 Hak ve Eşitlik Partisi / Osman Pamukoğlu HEPAR amblemi
 Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü'nün simgesi olan hayvan
 Konyaspor'un simgesi olan hayvan (çift başlı)
 Orta Asya'da Türklerin simgesi olan hayvan
 Arnavutluk ülkesinin simgesi olan hayvan
 Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü'Özel Harekât dairesinin simgesidir. Kolundaki brövede kartal resmi bulunan polisler, özel harekât polisidir.
 Millet Partisi logosu (çift başlı kartal)

Almanya'nın ulusal sembolleri
Ermenistan'ın ulusal sembolleri
Mısır'ın ulusal sembolleri
Suriye'nin ulusal sembolleri
Romanya'nın ulusal sembolleri
Irak'ın ulusal sembolleri
Süper yırtıcılar
Yemen'in ulusal sembolleri
Atmacagiller
İspanya'nın ulusal sembolleri
Sırbistan'ın ulusal sembolleri
Meksika'nın ulusal sembolleri
Avusturya'nın ulusal sembolleri

Kartal


Prinsesse Marie af Nassau (Marie Wilhelmine Friederike Elisabeth; født , død 24. marts 1902) var en tysk prinsesse af Nassau, der var fyrstinde af Wied fra 1842 til 1864.

Hun var datter af Hertug Vilhelm 1. af Nassau og prinsesse Louise af Sachsen-Hildburghausen. Hun blev gift med fyrst Herman af Wied i 1842.

Marie var søster til Storhertug Adolf 1. af Luxembourg, halvsøster til Dronning Sophie af Sverige, mor til Dronning Elisabeth af Rumænien og farmor til Fyrst Vilhelm 1. af Albanien.

Eksterne henvisninger

Walramiske linje af Huset Nassau
Fyrstinder
Personer fra Rheinland-Pfalz

Marie af Nassau


Student i Danmark er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Nicolai Lichtenberg efter manuskript af Ingolf Boisen, Jørgen Fabricius og Finn Methling.

Handling
Mange studenter kæmper under vanskelige vilkår for at få tid, råd og ro til at gennemføre deres studium. Filmen viser forskellige studentertyper og fortæller om studentens tilværelse, som den den former sig bag den til tider festlige ydre form, som immatrikulationen eller "studillefest". Studenten som natportier, avissælger eller typograf møder vi, og også den ensporede student, hvis største problem er tiden. Foran dem alle står den eksamen, der skal klares, og som de må sætte hele deres kraft ind på. Med det akademiske håndtryk slutter filmen – og med rektors ord om det demokratiske samfunds store interesse i, at alle med evne får mulighed for at studere.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1954
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Student i Danmark


Giovanni Battista Kardinal Lugari (* 18. Februar 1846 in Rom; † 31. Juli 1914 ebenda) war Kurienkardinal.

Leben
Lugari studierte nach dem Besuch des Collegio Romano an der Universität La Sapienza und der Päpstlichen Universität Gregoriana Rechtswissenschaften und erlangte den Doctor juris utriusque. Er arbeitete für Heiligsprechungsverfahren an der Ritenkongregation und gehörte zum Collegio degli avvocati concistoriali. Mit fast 50 Jahren empfing er am 15. Januar 1896 die Priesterweihe.

Danach war er im Dienst der römischen Kurie tätig. Seine Ernennung zum Assessor und Subpromotor Fidei der Ritenkongregation erfolgte am 3. Februar 1896. Nach seiner Ernennung zum "überzähligen" Geheimkämmerer drei Tage später, wurde er am 4. Juni Promotor Fidei. Papst Leo XIII. ernannte ihn am 4. Juni 1897 zum Ehrenprälaten Seiner Heiligkeit.

Am 28. März 1900 wurde er zum Kanoniker der Basilika Santa Maria Maggiore und am 10. Juni der Lateranbasilika. Päpstlicher Auditor wurde er am 22. April 1901 und diente als Promotor Fidei in dem Heiligsprechungsprozess Jeanne d'Arcs im selben Jahr. Er wurde zum Assessor der Kongregation der römischen und allgemeinen Inquisition am 11. Januar 1902 und am folgenden 1. Februar zum Kanoniker des Petersdoms ernannt.

Am 2. Februar 1902 wurde er Apostolischer Protonotar supernumerarium und am 18. April des gleichen Jahres Konsultor der Ritenkongregation. Für seine langjährige Arbeit in der Kurie nahm Papst Pius X. ihn am 27. November 1911 als Kardinaldiakon in das Kardinalskollegium auf und er erhielt am 30. November des gleichen Jahres die Titeldiakonie Santa Maria in Portico in Campitelli.

Er wurde auf dem Friedhof Campo di Verano beigesetzt.

Literatur
 S. E. il Card. Giovanni Battista Lugari. In: Romana Tellus. Rivista mensile illustrata d'archeologia, storia, arte e bibliografia 1 (1912) S. 97–99 (mit Bild).

Weblinks

 Porträts

Kardinal (20. Jahrhundert)
Päpstlicher sonstiger Geheimkämmerer
Mitglied der Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia
Italiener
Geboren 1846
Gestorben 1914
Mann

Giovanni Battista Lugari


Vampire in the Garden é um anime original da Netflix anunciado em 2022.
A historia acompanha duas meninas, Momo e Fine, que possuem origens diferentes e se encontram por acaso, mostrando uma improvável amizade entre uma humana e uma vampira.

Inicialmente programada para estrear em 2021, a série de anime original foi lançada este ano, sob direção de Ryotarou Makihara e do diretor assistente Hiroyuki Tanaka. Tetsuya Nishio atua como designer de personagens e diretor de animação chefe, Shunichiro Yoshihara como diretor de arte e Satoshi Takabatake e Kazushi Fujii foram encarregados do cenário artístico.

Enredo
A história conta a vida de seres humanos que perderam seu lugar na superfície da Terra após perderem uma grande guerra contra os vampiros. Os sobreviventes procuram construir uma parede de luz em uma pequena cidade, a fim de se proteger e, eventualmente, re-expandir sua esfera de sobrevivência.

Enquanto isso, o protagonista Momo deseja buscar a paz e viver com vampiros, inimigos da humanidade. Esta garota cumpre sua missão ao conhecer a Rainha Vampira Fine, que já amou os humanos, mas desapareceu no campo de batalha. Ambos partiram em uma jornada em busca do "paraíso" em que os vampiros e humanos viviam há muitos anos.

Ligações externas

Filmes distribuídos pela Netflix
Filmes do Japão de 2022
Filmes de anime de 2022
Filmes em língua japonesa

Vampire in the Garden


Virgrad (od 12. st. do 16. st.) je srednjovjekovno arheološko nalazište u blizini Bošnjaka, a karakterizira ga smještaj uz vodu (obala potoka/bare Vjerovi) i obrana pomoću obrambenog sustava koji se sastoji od zemljanih nasipa i opkopa punjenih vodom.

Danas je lokalitet zaštićeno nepokretno kulturno dobro te popularno turističko izletište.

Povijest Virgrada

Utvrda Virgrad u pisanim povijesnim izvorima navodi se 1428. kao posjed velikaša Ivana Alšana. Nakon što je obitelj Alšan izumrla, njihove posjede Alšan i Virgrad dodijelio je Žigmund Luksemburški, hrvatsko-ugarski kralj, zbog zasluga braći Talovcima. Virgrad se prema popisu iz 1437. naziva "Castrum seu castellum Weruar". To znači da je riječ o značajnijoj obrambenoj utvrdi i središtu iz kojeg se upravljalo zemljoposjedom kojem je pripadalo 37 okolnih sela. Posljednji pisani izvor je iz 1476. kada ga vlasnici Talovci predaju kaločkom nadbiskupu Gatri. Kaštel Virgrad je najvjerojatnije uništen između 1477., kada vojska Osmanskoga carstva započinje značajnija pustošenja Slavonije i Srijema te 1536. kada su osvojili preostale dijelove nekadašnje Vukovske i Požeške županije.

Arheološka istraživanja

Arheološka iskopavanja nalazišta Virgrad izvršena su 1970. pod vodstvom Kornelije Minichreiter kada su pronađeni tragovi dvostruko složenih drvenih palisada koji su slijedili izohipsu platoa. Od arheoloških nalaza izdvaja se srednjovjekovna gruba i finija keramika različite profilacije i ukrasa, zatim pećnjaci te različiti metalni predmeti (vrhovi koplja, čavli, okovi sanduka i sl.). Valja izdvojiti nepokretni nalaz ognjišta koji upućuje na naseobinski karakter nalazišta, a vrlo je rijedak na području kontinentalne Hrvatske. Tijekom iskapanja su pronađeni novčići iz različitih vremenskih perioda, a nekoliko njih i iz rimskog doba.

Arheološko nalazište Virgrad primjer je srednjovjekovne nizinske utvrde tipa "wasserburg" (engl. Moated castle) koje karakterizira smještaj uz vodu i obrana pomoću obrambenog sustava koji se sastoji od zemljanih nasipa i opkopa punjenih vodom. Središnji dio utvrde Virgrad bio je okružen drvenom palisadom – čvrstom ogradom od povezanih trupaca okomito zabodenih u zemlju, dodatno branjen trostrukim prstenom opkopa i nasipa. U vrijeme visokog vodostaja opkopi se još uvijek pune vodom. U cijelosti očuvani središnji plato i unutrašnja dva obrambena opkopa s nasipom među njima dok je treći vanjski opkop na južnoj strani nalazišta uništen.

Iako arheološko nalazište Virgrad kronološki pripada razvijenom srednjem vijeku, po svom obliku bliže je ranosrednjovjekovnim slavenskim utvrdama od drveta i zemlje čija se upotreba ponovno širi nakon provala Mongola sredinom 13. stoljeća. Ovo je nalazište primjer tipične jednostavne utvrde hrvatskog srednjeg vijeka.

Legende o Virgradu
U Bošnjacima je vrlo popularna romantična pripovijest o nastanku potoka Vjerova koja se stoljećima prenosila s koljena na koljeno:
"Mladi je virgradski knez došao sa svojom svitom u susjedni grad Otok da isprosi za sebe tamošnju kneginjicu. Razgalio je pred njenim roditeljima svoje srce i reče da bez kćeri njihove ne može živjeti. Ali sve uzaman! Knez je otočki bio čovjek silovit, ohol i silno bogat. Zar se s takvom svitom dolazi u prosce mojoj jedinici? zagrmi on uvrijeđeno. Već ako doploviš ovamo s nakićenim galijama, krcatih poklonima i zaprosiš je, onda se možeš nadati! Evo tako i nikako drukčije! Virgradski mladac da zdvoji. Kako će da plovi po tvrdoj zemljici!? Dugo je smišljao i ovo i ono. Konačno sakupi čitavu vojsku svojih kmetova pa iskopa širok i dubok kanal od Virgrada do Otoka. Kanal se iz okolišnih šuma i bliže Save napuni vodom. Knez dade sagraditi nekoliko galija. Nakiti ih cvijećem, vijencima, maramama i ruhom narodnim i po izbor delijama pa otplovi u Otok u prosidbu. I nema šta: Uspije, vesela mu majka!"

Postoji i legenda koju je zabilježio zavičajni pisac Ilija Lešić – Bartolov, a govori o ukletom blagu koju su Osmanlije zakopali bježeći pred iznenadnom pojavom kršćanske narodne vojske. Prema predaji, ukleto blago sukljajući plamen iz zemlje pokaže svoje skrovište jedanput godišnje, noću uoči Blagovijesti. Ipak, domoći se blaga je vrlo teško i opasno jer na njemu sjedi sam đavo, a pristup njemu brane brojni vukodlaci.

Izvori

Srednjovjekovni arheološki lokaliteti u Hrvatskoj
Utvrde u Hrvatskoj
Vukovarsko-srijemska županija

Virgrad


Willi Entenmann (Benningen am Neckar, 25 de septiembre de 1943 - 3 de enero de 2012) fue un entrenador y jugador de fútbol alemán.
Como entrenador en el Bundesliga, su mejor resultado fue el quinto lugar en 1986. Murió, a los 68 años, en Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Honores
Como entrenador

 Finalista de Copa de Alemania: 1985–86

Enlaces externos
BBDD del futbolista

Referencias

Entrenadores de fútbol de Alemania
Futbolistas del VfB Stuttgart en los años 1960
Futbolistas de Alemania
Entrenadores del VfB Stuttgart
Futbolistas del VfB Stuttgart en los años 1970
Entrenadores del SV Sandhausen

Willi Entenmann


Stafet for mixed hold bliver afviklet over 2 gange 6 km for de to damer og 2 gange 7,5 km for de to herrer. Konkurrencen bliver afholdt 20. februar 2018.

Konkurrencen
Hver af de fire deltagere skyder to gange à 5 skud, en gange liggende og en gange stående. For hver forbier må deltageren genlade i alt tre gange på hver skydning, da deltagerne har dette antal ekstra patroner med. Forbiere udover dette resulterer i en strafferunde.

Resultater

Medaljeoversigt

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/venues/alpensia-biathlon-centre

Stafet - Mixed

Skiskydning under vinter-OL 2018 – stafet – Mixed


Jan Laštůvka (n. 7 iulie 1982 la Havířov) este un fotbalist ceh care joacă pe postul de portar pentru Baník Ostrava.

Carieră
Laštůvka și-a început cariera la echipa cehă FC Karviná și s-a transferat în vara anului 2000 la FC Baník Ostrava timp de patru ani. În 2003, a câștigat premiul "Talentul anului" la ceremonia dedicată celor mai buni fotbaliști cehi ai anului. A câștigat campionatul ceh cu Baník în sezonul 2003-2004.

Șahtior Donețk
Următorul pas în cariera sa a fost făcut când a semnat cu clubul din prima ligă ucraineană Șahtior Donețk. Aici a jucat câteva meciuri din Liga Campionilor și Cupa UEFA.

Fulham
A ajuns la Fulham la 31 august 2006, chiar înainte de încheierea ferestrei de transfer. El și-a făcut debutul la Fulham pe 2 decembrie 2006, cu o înfrângere scor 2-0 împotriva lui Blackburn Rovers.

La 1 ianuarie 2007, a intrat în a doua repriză a meciului cu Watford în locul lui Antti Niemi, meci  încheiat cu 0-0. El a părăsit-o pe Fulham în mai 2007 pentru a se întoarce la clubul de proveniență.

VfL Bochum
Șahtior l-a împrumutat pe Laštůvka la echipa germană VfL Bochum până la sfârșitul sezonului 2007-2008 ca înlocuitor al compatriotului Jaroslav Drobný, care a plecat la Hertha BSC Berlin.

Laštůvka a început sezonul ca titular, dar după câteva greșeli, a fost amenințat cu banca de rezerve. După ce s-a accidentat, locul lui în poartă a fost luat de René Renno, care era a treia alegere de portar. Renno a început destul de bine, dar a făcut și câteva greșeli înainte de pauza de iarnă, așa că antrenorul Marcel Koller a susținut că toți cei trei portari (Laštůvka, Renno și Philipp Heerwagen) vor începe cu șanse egale pentru a doua jumătate a sezonului. După pauza de iarnă Laštůvka a fost din nou titular și a făcut un meci foarte bun împotriva lui Werder Bremen,, performanță care a fost recompensată cu o nominalizare la "Echipa Etapei" de către revista de fotbal germană Kicker. La sfârșitul sezonului, Bochum a fost interesată să-l transfere definitiv, dar, din cauza sumei de 4 milioane euro cerută pe el, a decis să-l aducă în schimb pe portarul portughez Daniel Fernandes de la PAOK FC.

West Ham United
La 3 august 2008, Laštůvka a semnat cu West Ham un contract de împrumut pe un an. El și-a făcut debutul pentru West Ham United în turul trei al Cupei Ligii, învingând-o în deplasare pe Watford, pe 23 septembrie. La 26 mai 2009, s-a  anunțat că Laštůvka se va întoarce la Șahtior Donețk, după ce a jucat un singur meci pentru West Ham.

Dnipro
La 4 august 2009, Laštůvka a semnat un contract pe trei ani cu echipa ucraineană FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk pentru 3 milioane de euro.

În vara anului 2016, el a plecat de la FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk.

Prima Liga Cehă
El a semnat cu nou-promovata MFK Karviná din prima ligă cehă, din postura de jucător liber de contract în 2016. După un an, a semnat un contract cu SK Slavia Praga pentru a-l înlocui pe Jiří Pavlenka care era dorit în Bundesliga. După numai o jumătate de an, Laštůvka s-a transferat la fostul său club Baník Ostava.

Cariera la națională
Lațůvka a fost chemat pentru prima dată la echipa națională de fotbal a Cehiei în mai 2010. El a debutat pentru națională pe Hampden Park împotriva Scoției într-un meci de calificare la UEFA Euro 2012 pe 3 septembrie 2011. El a făcut parte din echipa Cehiei care a ajuns în sferturile de finală ale turneului înainte de a fi eliminată de Portugalia, dar nu a jucat niciun minut, cu Petr Cech jucând în fiecare meci.

Referințe

Legături externe

 Jan Laštůvka la FAČR (în cehă)

Fotbaliști ai West Ham United FC
Fotbaliști ai Fulham FC
Fotbaliști ai Premier League
Portari
Fotbaliști internaționali cehi
Fotbaliști cehi
Oameni în viață
Nașteri în 1982

Jan Laštůvka


A competição da fossa olímpica misto por equipes do tiro nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 foi disputada em 31 de julho de 2021 no Campo de Tiro de Asaka, em Tóquio. Foi a estreia da prova como evento olímpico e contou com um total de 32 atiradores de 12 Comitês Olímpicos Nacionais (CON).

Calendário
Horário local (UTC+9)

Medalhistas

Recordes
Antes desta competição, os seguintes recordes eram estabelecidos:

Após a competição, os seguintes recordes foram estabelecidos:

Resultados

Finais

Fossa olimpica misto

Tiro nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 - Fossa olímpica misto por equipes


Earl of Lisburne is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1776 for Wilmot Vaughan, 4th Viscount Lisburne. He represented Cardiganshire and Berwick-upon-Tweed in the House of Commons and held minor governmental office.

Not satisfied with the Irish title, Lisburne attempted to cajole his way into a title in the Peerage of Great Britain through his support of the Prime Minister the Duke of Portland. He quite unsuccessfully suggested in a letter that he would withdraw his support if he did not receive a peerage; Lisburne was horrified when his threat reached the ears of the king. "... his Majesty observed upon it that he could not have supposed that Lord Lisburne would have imagined that he was to be frightened into giving peerages—the moment was not open for explanation—your opinion, the declaration of your intentions, was in writing."

His younger son, the third Earl, sat as Member of Parliament for Cardigan. He was succeeded by his son, the fourth Earl. He also represented Cardiganshire in Parliament. His great-grandson, the seventh Earl, served as Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire.  the titles are held by the latter's grandson, the ninth Earl, who succeeded in 2014.

The titles of Baron Fethard (or Baron Fethers), of Feathered in the County of Tipperary, and Viscount Lisburne, were created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1695 for John Vaughan, Member of Parliament for Cardiganshire and also Lord Lieutenant of that county. His son, the second Viscount, also represented Cardiganshire in Parliament and was Lord-Lieutenant of Cardiganshire. His younger brother, the third Viscount, was also Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Viscount, who was created Earl of Lisburne in 1776.

The heir apparent to the earldom uses the invented courtesy title Viscount Vaughan.

The family seat traditionally was Trawsgoed (Crosswood) in Ceredigion (Cardiganshire), Wales. The Lisburne family still own a significant remaining acreage of the Trawsgoed Estate

Viscounts Lisburne (1695)
John Vaughan, 1st Viscount Lisburne (1670–1721)
John Vaughan, 2nd Viscount Lisburne (1695–1741)
Wilmot Vaughan, 3rd Viscount Lisburne (died 1766)
Wilmot Vaughan, 4th Viscount Lisburne (1730–1800; created Earl of Lisburne in 1776)

Earls of Lisburne (1776)
Wilmot Vaughan, 1st Earl of Lisburne (1730–1800)
Wilmot Vaughan, 2nd Earl of Lisburne (1755–1820)
John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Lisburne (1769–1831)
Ernest Augustus Mallet Vaughan, 4th Earl of Lisburne (1800–1873)
Ernest Augustus Malet Vaughan, 5th Earl of Lisburne (1836–1888)
George Henry Arthur Vaughan, 6th Earl of Lisburne (1862–1899)
Ernest Edmund Henry Malet Vaughan, 7th Earl of Lisburne (1892–1965)
John David Malet Vaughan, 8th Earl of Lisburne (1918–2014)
David John Francis Malet Vaughan, 9th Earl of Lisburne (born 1945)

Present peer
David John Francis Malet Vaughan, 9th Earl of Lisburne (born 15 June 1945) is the son of the 8th Earl and his wife Shelagh Macauley and was styled as Viscount Vaughan from 1965.

In June 1973 Vaughan married Jennifer Jane Campbell, daughter of James Desire John William Fraser Campbell, and they have two children, Lucy Bronwyn (born 1971)
and Digby Dylan (1973).

In 2003 his address was 4, Porthmeor Studios, Porthmeor Square, St Ives, Cornwall.

On 2 September 2014, Vaughan succeeded as Earl of Lisburne, Viscount Lisburne, Lord Vaughan, and Baron Fethard, all in the peerage of Ireland. His heir presumptive is his brother, the Hon. Michael John Wilmot Vaughan (born 1948), whose heir apparent is his son Edward Wilmot Malet Vaughan (born 1998).

See also
Viscount Lisburne

References

Further reading

Earldoms in the Peerage of Ireland
Noble titles created in 1776

Earl of Lisburne


Santa Maria delle Carceri kann folgende Kirchen bezeichnen:

Santa Maria delle Carceri (Monte Subiaso), eine Kirche in Umbrien
Santa Maria delle Carceri (Prato), eine Kirche in der Toskana

Santa Maria delle Carceri


{{Infobox Navire
 | nom = USS ABSD-4
 | image = Seeadler Harbor with floating drydocks in September 1945.jpg
 | alt =
 | taille image =
 | légende = ABSD-4 (en arrière plan) en 1945 (Seeadler Harbor)
 | type = Auxiliary Floating Drydock cale sèche flottante
 | classe =
 | flotte =
 | commanditaire =
 | architecte =
 | constructeur = Mare Island Naval Shipyard
 | chantier = Vallejo
 | fabrication =
 | design =
 | commandé =
 | quille =
 | lancement =
 | armé = 1944
 | voyage inaugural =
 | commission =
 | statut = décommissionné le démoli le
 | commandant =
 | équipage = 690
 | longueur =
 | largeur =
 | tirant d'eau =  (flottant)/(inondé)
 | tirant d'air =
 | déplacement =
 | propulsion = aucun
 | capacité =
 | armement = aucun
 | IMO =
 | coût =
 | protection =
 | latitude = -2.043333
 | longitude = 147.406667
 | géolocalisation = Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée
}}

LUSS ABSD-4, plus tard rebaptisé AFDB-4, était un grand dock flottant auxiliaire à dix sections, non automoteur, de l'US Navy. Advance Base Sectional Dock-4 (Auxiliary Floating Dock Big-4) a été construit en sections en 1942 et 1943 par la Mare Island Naval Shipyard à Vallejo, en Californie, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Avec les dix sections jointes, il mesurait  de long,  de profondeur (de la quille au pont du puits) et avec une largeur intérieure libre de . ABSD-4 avait une grue mobile d'une capacité de  avec un rayon de  et deux barges de soutien ou plus. Les deux parois latérales étaient rabattues pendant le remorquage pour réduire la résistance au vent et abaisser le centre de gravité. ABSD-4 avait 6 cabestans pour la traction. Il y avait également 4 compartiments de ballast dans chaque section.

 Seconde Guerre mondiale
L' ABSD-4 est parti en 1944 et a traversé l'océan Pacifique en convois en . Les dix sections ont été réassemblées à la base navale d'Espiritu Santo, Nouvelles-Hébrides (aujourd'hui Vanuatu), dans l'océan Pacifique Sud. Une fois assemblé à l'automne 1944, ABSD-4 a été déplacé pour opération au Seeadler Harbor (île Manus), dans les îles de l'Amirauté dans l'archipel Bismarck. L' a également travaillé au port de Seeadler pendant la guerre.

ABSD-2 a réparé les grands navires de l'US Navy et de la Royal Navy pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Capable de soulever , il pouvait soulever de gros navires tels que des porte-avions, des cuirassés, des croiseurs et de grands navires auxiliaires, hors de l'eau pour réparation sous la ligne de flottaison du navire et pouvait également réparer plusieurs petits navires en même temps. Les navires utilisés en permanence pendant la guerre doivent être réparés à la fois contre l'usure et contre les dommages de guerre causés par les mines navales et les torpilles. Les gouvernails et les hélices sont mieux entretenus sur les cales sèches. Sans ABSD-4 et ses navires jumeaux dans des endroits éloignés, des mois pourraient être perdus dans les navires retournant à un port d'attache pour réparation. ABSD-4 avait des provisions pour l'équipe de réparation, comme des lits superposés, des repas et de la lessive. ABSD-4 avait des centrales électriques, des pompes de ballast, des ateliers de réparation, des ateliers d'usinage et des réfectoires pour être autonomes. ABSD-4 disposait de deux grues mobiles sur rail capables de soulever des tonnes de matériaux et de pièces pour retirer les pièces endommagées et installer de nouvelles pièces.
 Certains des navires réparés
 Le croiseur léger USS Duluth a réparé la tempête endommagée le , a terminé les réparations le , remise en service.
 Le cuirassé  réparé début , hélices réparées et repeintes. En raison du tirant d'eau de l'USS New York de  à pleine charge, le cuirassé a dû décharger une grande partie de ses munitions et de son mazout avant d'entrer dans l'AFDB-4.
 Le destroyer  réparé le

 Attaque sur l'ABSD-4
Vers la fin de la guerre, le  à , un chasseur-bombardier japonais Mitsubishi A6M piloté par Shimbo, avec l'enseigne Chuhei Okubo dans le deuxième siège, survola le port de Seeadler à . Ils ont vu ce qu'ils pensaient être deux "porte-avions", mais étaient en fait des cales sèches flottantes vides  et ABSD-4. Le  à  un bombardier-torpilleur Nakajima B5N en provenance de Chuuk, a survolé ABSD-4, a largué une torpille aérienne et il a touché l'un des réservoirs de pontons d'ABSD-4 endommageant la cale sèche. Au moment de l'attaque, l'ABSD-4 réparait un Liberty ship, un Landing Ship Tank (LST) et un transport d'hydravions. L'annexe de l'hydravion était chargée de munitions et en réparation d'urgence. Elle a été réparée et remise en service. Le même jour, peu de temps après que l'ABSD-4 a été touché, lABSD-2 a été touché par une torpille aérienne dans le réservoir du ponton de la section G, endommageant la cale sèche. ABSD-2 a été réparé et remis en service.

Après la guerre
Après la guerre ABSD-4 a été reclassé AFDB-4 et a été mis hors service. ABSD-4 a été laissé dans le port de Seeadler au large de Lombrum Point à la  repris par la Royal Australian Navy en 1950.
ABSD-4 a été officiellement mis hors service et rayé du Naval Vessel Register le . ABSD-4 est maintenant une épave partiellement coulée. Les parois extérieures de l'ABSD-4 restent au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison. Elle repose près de Lombrum (île Manus), Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, coordonnées GPS : GPS coordinates: .

Décoration
  American Campaign Medal
  Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
  World War II Victory Medal
  National Defense Service Medal

Galerie

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens externes
 USS ABSD-4 - Site NavSource Online
 Floating Docks (AFDB, AFDM, AFDL, ARD, ARDM, YFD) - Shipbuilder Site
 USS ABSD-4 Auxiliary Floating Dry Dock 4 - Site Pacific Wrecks

Liens connexes
 Liste des navires auxiliaires de l'United States Navy
 Base navale d'Espiritu Santo
 Théâtre du Pacifique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale

Bateau lancé en 1943
Navire construit en Californie
Auxiliary Floating Drydock de l'US Navy

USS ABSD-4


La fosfoenolpiruvato-proteína cinasa (EC 126.96.36.199) es una enzima que cataliza la reacción:

 Fosfoenolpiruvato + proteína L-histidina  piruvato + proteína N(pi)-fosfo-L-histidina

Esta enzima actúa solamente en los residuos de histidina de proteínas específicas transportadoras del grupo fosfato de bajo peso molecular (9,5 kDa) y que participan en el transporte de azúcares en las bacterias.

Sistema fosfotransferasa para azúcares

Las bacterias han evolucionado un mecanismo único para importar carbohidratos, el sistema fosfotransferasa para azúcares (PTS). El PTS sincroniza el transporte y fosforilación del azúcar utilizando algunas proteínas en una cascada de fosforilación de cinco etapas. Con algunas variaciones, el PTS tiene tres proteínas:

 En el citoplasma el fosfoenolpiruvato fosforila la fosfoenolpiruvato-proteína cinasa (Enzima I, EI) que transfiere el grupo fosforilo a la histidina de la proteína fosfotransportadora (HPr).
 Desde la HPr, el grupo fosforilo es transferido a los transportadores asociados a la membrana y específicos para los azúcares (Enzima II, EII).
 Cada transportador se compone de dos dominios citoplasmáticos (EIIA y EIIB) y un dominio integrado en la membrana (EIIC). En la EII, EIIA acepta el grupo fosforilo desde la HPr y se lo da a la EIIB, mientras que la EIIC media en la translocación del azúcar con la EIIB proporcionando el grupo fosforilo. La EIIB es la enzima proteína-N(pi)-fosfohistidina azúcar fosfotransferasa (EC 184.108.40.206).

Aparte de controlar la translocación de azúcares, el estado de fosforilación de las proteínas del PTS está también asociado con la regulación de rutas metabólicas y de señalización en las células bacterianas.

Características de la fosfoenolpiruvato-proteína cinasa

La fosfoenolpiruvato-proteína cinasa (EI) es un homodímero de ~64 kDa que requiere Mg2+ para su funcionamiento. Cada subunidad tiene tres dominios:

 El fosfoenolpiruvato se une al dominio C-terminal adoptando éste una configuración barril alfa/beta.
 La HPr se une al dominio N-terminal, un haz de hélices alfa.
 El dominio central está unido al dominio N-terminal por dos conectores y al dominio C-terminal por una hélice alfa larga. El dominio central contiene el residuo histidina (His-189) que es fosforilado.

Clasificación

Se ha demostrado que una serie de enzimas que catalizan la transferencia de un grupo fosforilo desde el fosfoenolpiruvato vía un intermedio fosfo-histidina están estructuralmente relacionadas:

 Piruvato, fosfato dicinasa (PPDK). La PPDK cataliza la fosforilación reversible del piruvato y el fosfato por el ATP a fosfoenolpiruvato. En las plantas la PPDK cataliza en la dirección del fosfoenolpiruvato, que es el principal aceptor de dióxido de carbono en las plantas de metabolismo C4 y de metabolismo ácido de las crasuláceas. En algunas bacterias como la Bacteroides symbiosus, la PPDK funciona en la dirección de la síntesis de ATP.

 Piruvato, agua dicinasa. Esta enzima cataliza la fosforilación reversible del piruvato por el ATP para formar fosfoenolpiruvato. Esta es una etapa esencial en la gluconeogénesis cuando el piruvato y el lactato son usados como fuentes de carbono.

 Fosfoenolpiruvato-proteína cinasa. Esta es la primera enzima del sistema fosfotransferasa para azúcares (PTS).

Todas estas enzimas comparten el mismo mecanismo catalítico, se unen al fosfoenolpiruvato y transfieren su grupo fosforilo a un residuo de histidina. La secuencia alrededor de este residuo está muy conservada.

Enlaces externos

 Protopedia.
 Ficha de la base de datos PROSITE para la familia de enzimas de la fosfoenolpiruvato-proteína cinasa.
 Ficha de la base de datos ExPASy.

Cinasas
EC 2.7.3

Fosfoenolpiruvato-proteína cinasa


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RFK Novi Sad 1921 (srpski: PФК Нови Сад) je nogometni klub iz Novog Sada, Južnobački okrug, Vojvodina, Srbija.
U sezoni 2017./18. klub se natječe u Novosadskoj ligi, petom rangu nogometnog prvenstva Srbije.

 O klubu
Klub je osnovan 1921. godine pod nazivom NTK (Novosadski Trgovački Klub), te se do Drugog svjetskog rata uglavnom natjecao u prvenstvima Novosadskog nogometnog podsaveza. Klub se tada često i nazivao Trgovački, te je bio dio športskog društva Trgovačka Omladina.
1948. godine tvrtka "Stobeks" reaktivira NTK pod nazivom Trgovački, koji taj naziv nosi do 1954. godine kada mijenja naziv u FK Novi Sad. 1956. godine komunistička vlast gasi klub "Eđšeg" (tada NSK) te se spaja s Novim Sadom, te mu predaje svoju imovinu.
1961. godine, Novi Sad postaje članom Prve savezne lige, u kojoj nastupa tri sezone, a potom sljedećih desetljeća je uglavnom u drugoligaškom ili trećeligaškom natjecanju.
1966. godine se FK Novi Sad spaja s klubom Radnički i nastaje RFK Novi Sad.
2012. godine zbog gašenja Sportskog Društva "Radnički", klub vraća naziv FK Novi Sad. 2014. godine zbog financijskih problema i izbacivanja kluba u najniži rang (Gradska liga Novi Sad - šesti rang), klub donosi odluku o promjeni naziva u RFK Novi Sad 1921.

 Uspjesi
 2. savezna liga Jugoslavije
 1960./61. (Istok)

 ''Srpska liga Vojvodina / Vojvođanska liga
 1967/68., 1981/82., 1991/92., 2006/07.

 Kup Vojvodine
 1990./91, 2021./22.

 Omladinski kup SFRJ
 1978.

Poznati igrači
 Aleksandar Kozlina

Poveznice
  rfknovisad.com - službene stranice
 fknovisad.com - službene stranice, wayback arhiva
 srbijasport.net, FK Novi Sad, profil kluba
 srbijasport.net, RFK Novi Sad 1921, profil kluba

Izvori
 fknovisad.com Istoija, wayback arhiva
  rfknovisad.com, Turbuletne godine kluba , objavljeno 8. prosinca 2015., pristupljeno 20. siječnja 2018.

Novi Sad
Šport u Novom Sadu

RFK Novi Sad 1921


An Juncus foliosus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni René Louiche Desfontaines. An Juncus foliosus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Juncus

Juncus foliosus


An Lepanthes excedens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Oakes Ames ngan Donovan Stewart Correll. An Lepanthes excedens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lepanthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

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Mga sumpay ha gawas

Lepanthes

Lepanthes excedens