Louis-Marcelin, marquis de Fontanes (6 March 175717 March 1821) was a French poet and politician.

Biography
Born in Niort (Deux-Sèvres), he belonged to a noble Protestant family of Languedoc which had been reduced to poverty by the revocation of the edict of Nantes. His father and grandfather remained Protestant, but he was himself brought up as a Catholic. His parents died in 1774–1775, and in 1777 Fontanes went to Paris, where he found a friend in the dramatist Jean-François Ducis.

His first published poems, some of which were inspired by English models, appeared in the Almanach des Muses; Le Cri de mon coeur, describing his own sad childhood, in 1778; and La Fort de Navarre in 1780. His translation from Alexander Pope, L'Essai sur l'homme, was published with an elaborate preface in 1783, and La Chartreuse and Le Jour des morts in the same year, Le Verger in 1788 and his Epître sur l'édit en faveur des non-catholiques, and the Essai sur l'astronomie in 1789.

Fontanes was a moderate reformer, and in 1790 he became joint-editor of the Modérateur. He married at Lyon in 1792, and his wife's first child was born during their flight from the siege of that town. Fontanes was in hiding in Paris when the four citizens of Lyon were sent to the Convention to protest against the cruelties of Collot d'Herbois. The petition was drawn up by Fontanes, and the authorship being discovered, he fled from Paris and found shelter at Sevran, near Livry, and afterwards at Andelys.

On the fall of Robespierre he was made professor of literature in the École Centrale des Quatre-Nations, and he was one of the original members of the Institute. In the Memorial, a journal edited by Jean-François de la Harpe, he discreetly advocated reaction to the monarchical principle. He was exiled by the Directory and made his way to London, where he was closely associated with Chateaubriand.

He soon returned to France, and his admiration for Napoleon, who commissioned him to write an éloge on George Washington, secured his return to the Institute and his political promotion. In 1802 he was elected to the legislative chamber, of which he was president from 1804 to 1810. Other honors and titles followed. He has been accused of servility to Napoleon, but he had the courage to remonstrate with him on the judicial murder of the duc d'Enghien, and as grand master of the University of Paris (1808–1815) he consistently supported religious and monarchical principles. He acquiesced in the Bourbon restoration, and was made a marquis in 1817. He died on March 17, 1821, in Paris, leaving eight cantos of an unfinished epic poem entitled La Grèce sauvée.

The verse of Fontanes is polished and musical in the style of the 18th century. It was not collected until 1839, when Sainte-Beuve edited the Œuvres (2 vols.) of Fontanes, with a sympathetic critical study of the author and his career. But by that time the Romantic movement was in the ascendant and Fontanes met with small appreciation.

See also

Les Neuf Sœurs

Notes

External links

1757 births
1821 deaths
People from Niort
French marquesses
Bonapartists
Government ministers of France
Members of the Corps législatif
Members of Parliament for Deux-Sèvres
Members of the Sénat conservateur
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration
Writers from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
French poets
French male poets
18th-century French writers
19th-century French writers
18th-century French male writers
Members of the Académie Française
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery

Louis-Marcelin de Fontanes


An Carex timida in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Francis Cox Naczi ngan B.A.Ford. An Carex timida in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex timida


Indijski luk (lat.  Albuca bracteata) vrsta je cvjetnice iz roda Albuca i porodice Asparagaceae. Potječe iz Južne Afrike, a danas se širom svijeta uzgaja kao sobna ukrasna biljka.

Opis

Lukovica je glatka, duga do 10 cm, prekrivena voštanom zelenom prevlakom. Na lukovici nastaju male lukovice koje se odvajaju od matične i daju nove biljke. Listovi su dugi do 1 m, sočni, prekriveni prugama. Cvat je grozdast, dugačak 70-90 cm, sadrži mnoštvo (50-100) mirisnih bijelih cvjetova sa zelenkastim središtem. Cvate od svibnja do kolovoza.

Primjena

Često se uzgaja kao ukrasna biljka. Biljka je vrlo prilagodljiva i stoga idealna za uzgoj u kontejnerima. Preferira izravno sunce. Podloga mora biti dobro drenirana.

U narodnoj medicini Rusije cijenjena je kao ljekovita biljka, a zgnječeni listovi biljke koriste se za liječenje posjekotina i modrica. Prema nekim izvorima, ljekovito djelovanje ove biljke slično je djelovanju aloe vere.

Izvori

Dodatna literatura
 Liepina, J. False Sea Onion. Zvaigzne ABC. ISBN 978-9984-40-610-7.
 Korodecki,A. Indijskij luk - oružie protiv boli,Sankt Peterburg 2006.
 Šegova,A. Indijskij luk - celitel od 100 boleznei,Moskva 2017.

Ljekovito bilje
Asparagoideae

Indijski luk


James Robert "Jim" Clapper Jr. () este un fost general-locotenent în cadrul forțelor Aeriene ale Statelor Unite și este fostul director al national intelligence. El a servit ca director al Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) din 1992 până în 1995. El a fost primul director de informații a apărării în Biroul Directorului serviciilor Naționale de Informații și, în același timp , Sub Secretar al Apărării pentru Informații. Clapper a deținut mai multe poziții-cheie în Statele Unite ale americii Comunitatea de Informații. El a servit ca director al National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) din septembrie 2001 până în iunie 2006.

Referințe

Nașteri în 1941
Americani în viață
Decorați cu ordinul Air Medal
Absolvenți ai Universității din Maryland, College Park

James Clapper


Mala gradina (arheološko nalazište, Studenci), kod Lovreća
Mala gradina (arheološko nalazište, Šopot), kod Benkovca
Mala gradina (arheološko nalazište, Glavina Gornja) (Ukradenova gradina), kod Imotskoga

Mala gradina