قائمة مهرجانات سوريا

 - مهرجان دمشق السينمائي الدولي -(عروض سينمائية / فعاليات دولية)/ دمشق
 - مهرجان دمشق المسرحي -(عروض مسرحية) - دمشق.
 - مهرجان تدمر السياحي - مهرجان البادية (سياحي - عروض غنائية وموسيقى - مسابقات خيول وهجن - عروض تراثية) / تدمر.
 - مهرجان درة الفرات - (سياحي - عروض غنائية وموسيقى - مسابقة ملكة جمال الفرات - مسابقات رياضية - عروض مائية - فعاليات ثقافية - تسوق) دير الزور.
 - مهرجان المحبة - مهرجان الباسل - (عروض غنائية - تراث وثقافة، مسابقات رياضية، كرة قدم، فروسية) اللاذقية.
 - مهرجان بصرى الدولي - (حفلات - عروض فنية) - بصرى الشام
 - مهرجان الربيع في حماة - (عروض فنية - مهرجان سياحة وتسوق) - حماة
 - كرنفال ومهرجان القطن - (كرنفال ومهرجان احتفالي بعيد القطن السوري) - حلب.
 - مهرجان الأغنية السورية - (مسابقات غنائية سورية) - حلب
 - مهرجان طرطوس السياحي - (حفلات غنائية - مهرجان سياحة وتسوق) - طرطوس
 - كرنفال ومهرجان مرمريتا - (كرنفال وعروض فنية وحفلات) - مرمريتا.
 - مهرجان القلعة والوادي - (حفلات غنائية - عروض فلكلور) - قلعة الحصن / حمص.
 مهرجان حمص الثقافي - (مسرح - معرض كتاب - معارض فنون - مسرح أطفال - موسيقى ) - حمص
 - مهرجان موسيقى الجاز - (موسيقى عالمية) - دمشق / حلب.
 - معرض الزهور الدولي - (مهرجان ومعرض للزهور) - دمشق
 - مهرجان السيدة - (كرنفال واحتفال ديني - عروض وفعاليات) - مشتى الحلو.
 - مهرجان الناصرة - (عروض واحتفالات) - الناصرة، وادي النضارة / حمص.
 - مهرجان الدريكيش - مهرجان الحرير والمياه (عروض تراثية - سياحة وتسوق) - الدريكيش.
 - مهرجان سوريا شباب - (فرق غنائية سورية غربية حديثة) - دمشق.
 - مهرجان الزهور - (عروض ازهار ونباتات وفعاليات) - اللاذقية.
 - مهرجان اللاذقية - (فعاليات وعروض وتسوق وسياحة) - اللاذقية
 - مهرجان الإنشاد الديني - دمشق.
 - مهرجان إدلب الخضراء للفنون الشعبية - (عروض فنية - فلكلور - احتفالات) - ادلب.
 - مهرجان المسرح الجامعي - (عروض مسرحية) - دمشق
 - مهرجان صلنفة السياحي - مهرجان وكرنفال (سياحي - تسويق - احتفالات فنية) - صلنفة.
 - مهرجان حلب للموسيقى - (عروض فنية - موسيقى) - حلب.
 - مهرجان الشعر العربي - (أمسيات شعرية - عروض) - الرقة
 - مهرجان صافيتا السياحي - (سياحة - تسوق - عروض فنية) - صافيتا.
 - مهرجان الشاطئ الأزرق الترفيهي والتسويقي - (تسويق - سياحة - حفلات) - الشاطئ الأزرق / الساحل السوري - اللاذقية.
 - مهرجان درعا - (تسويق واحتفالات) - درعا.
 - مهرجان الشباب المسرحي - (عروض مسرحية) - الحسكة
 - مهرجان إدلب المسرحي - (عروض مسرحية) - إدلب.
 - مهرجان أيام خان الحرير - (تسويق - عروض) - حلب.
 - مهرجان طريق الحرير - (احتفالات - عروض فنية) - دمشق / حلب / مدن سورية.
 = مهرجان هنانو الأدبي - (ثقافة، احتفالات) - حلب
 - مهرجان أبي العلاء المعري الثقافي - معرة النعمان.
 - مهرجان العجيلي الأدبي للرواية العربية - الرقة.
 - مهرجان الفنون الشعبية - (عروض فنية - احتفالات) - دمشق.
 - مهرجان التوثيق القومي - (دمشق).
 - مهرجان السويداء للسياحة والتسوق - (تسويق - احتفالات - عروض فنية) - السويداء.
 - مهرجان اللاذقية الموسيقى - (حفلات - موسيقى) - اللاذقية.
 - مهرجان اللاذقية في الذاكرة - (عروض تراثية - فلكلور) - اللاذقية.
 - مهرجان دمشق للثقافة والتراث - (عروض فنية وتراثية وثقافية) - دمشق.
 - مهرجان صيدنايا السياحي - (احتفالات - سياحة) - صيدنايا
 - مهرجان المزرعة الثقافي - للإبداع الأدبي السويداء.
 - مهرجان المدن المنسية - (سياحي - ثقافي) - إدلب.
 - مهرجان ليالي حوران -(احتفالات - سياحة) - درعا.
 - مهرجان السنديان الثقافي - طرطوس.
 - مهرجان الفنون التشكيلية - (معارض فنية) - دمشق القديمة
 - مهرجان أزهار الجولان - (عروض - معرض أزهار - فلكلور) - الجولان
 - مهرجان الفرات - مهرجان ير الزور (تسويق - عروض حفلات فنية) - دير الزور.
 - مهرجان تل أبيض للفنون الشعبية - (عروض فنية - احتفالات) - تل أبيض.
 - مهرجان الزبداني السياحي - (احتفالات - سياحة - تسوق) - الزبداني.
 - مهرجان نقابة الفنانين المسرحي باللاذقية - (عروض مسرحية) - اللاذقية
 - (مهرجان حصين البحر الثقافي السنوي) - (معارض فن تشكيلي -ملتقى النحت - أمسيات شعرية - حفلات فنية) -(طرطوس حصين البحر)

مراجع

السياحة في سوريا
قوائم متعلقة بسوريا
مهرجانات في سوريا

قائمة مهرجانات سوريا


An Anthurium samamaense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Bernard Croat ngan Cornejo. An Anthurium samamaense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthurium

Anthurium samamaense


An Rhynchospora radicans in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal ngan Adelbert von Chamisso, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Hans Heinrich Pfeiffer. An Rhynchospora radicans in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhynchospora, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 R. r. microcephala
 R. r. radicans

Mga kasarigan

Rhynchospora

Rhynchospora radicans


Ulçe, yüzlerce yıl önce Orta Asya'da yaşadığı düşünülen, Yalçın Didman tarafından 2005 yılında yaratılmış dişi çizgi roman kahramanı.

İlk olarak, Rodeo Strip dergisinin 5. sayısında çıkmıştır.

Çizgi karakterler
Resim aranan çizgi karakterler
2005'te tanıtılan çizgi romanlar
Türk çizgi romanı

Ulçe


St. Anger, Amerikan heavy metal grubu Metallica'nın 8. stüdyo albümü. Albüm 5 Haziran 2003'te Elektra Records etiketiyle yayınlanmıştır.

Grubun bas gitaristi Jason Newsted'in 17 Ocak 2001'de gruptan ayrılması ve diğer çeşitli sebeplerle sıkıntılı zamanlar geçiren grubun dağılacağı iddialarının ortasında çıkmıştır. Bir dönem Ozzy Osbourne'nin bas gitaristliğini yapan Robert Trujillo 2003 yılında gruba katıldı, fakat o sırada albüm kayıtları sona ermek üzere olduğundan bas gitarı o değil, aynı zamanda yapımcıları olan Bob Rock çaldı. Albüm eleştiri yağmuruna tutulsa da hayranlarından büyük ilgi gördü. Eleştiriler James Hetfield'in vokalinden Lars Ulrich'in davuluna kadar varan boyutlardaydı. Tarz olarak diğer albümlerden kısmen de olsa farklıdır. Thrash metalden zamanla uzaklaşan grup bu albümünün tarzını garage punk olarak belirledi.

Albümdeki şarkılar
 Frantic – 5:50
 St. Anger – 7:25
 Some Kind of Monster – 8:25
 Dirty Window – 5:24
 Invisible Kid – 8:30
 My World – 5:45
 Shoot Me Again – 7:10
 Sweet Amber – 5:27
 The Unnamed Feeling – 7:09
 Purify – 5:14
 All Within My Hands – 8:47

Kişiler
Grup üyeleri
 James Hetfield - Gitar, Vokal
 Kirk Hammett - Gitar, Geri Vokal
 Lars Ulrich - Davul
 Bob Rock - Yapımcı, Ses Mühendisi, Bas, Miksaj
 Robert Trujillo - Bas (DVD ekinde canlı)
Prodüksiyon
 Anton Corbijn - Fotoğraflar
 Scott Cunningham - Prodüksiyon Koordinatörü
 Mike Gillies - Dijital Mühendis
 Wayne Isham - Yönetmen (DVD eki)
 Dana Marshall - Yapımcı (DVD eki)
 Vlado Meller - Mastering
 Colin Mitchell - Kamera (DVD eki)
 Paul Owen - Monitörler (DVD eki)
 Jean Pellerin - Editing, Kamera (DVD eki)
 Pushead - Kapak ilüstrasyonu
 Ryan Smith - Kamera (DVD eki)
 Matt Mahurin - "St Anger" ilüstrasyonu ve grup üyelerinin simge çizimleri

Dış bağlantılar
 Albümdeki şarkıların sözleri
 OrionTurk Turkish Local Chapter

Metallica albümleri
2003 albümleri
İngilizce albümler
Heavy metal albümleri
Billboard 200'de bir numara olan albümler

St. Anger (albüm)


La bandera de Ibi, o bandera de oro y plata es oficial desde 1980. El día 5 de agosto de dicho año, se toma el primer acuerdo por el Ayutnamiento pleno, adoptándose definitivamente el 12 de mayo, izándose por primera vez en el balcón del mismo el 8 de agosto.

Diseño

Para su confección se estudiaron varios bocetos encargados a D. Vicente Ferrero Molina, teniendo siempre en cuenta los colores más similares a los del Escudo (oro y plata), y conjugándolos con la idea de la tierra y el cielo, como representación del pobre suelo, y en cambio, generoso horizonte que no señala fronteras a la iniciativa y proyección ibenses. De ahí a que se destinase un tercio al ocre claro y dos al azul celeste, inviertiendo los colores de las torres en aquel primer diseño. Más tarde cambiarían su color por el rojo. En la separación de ambas franjas, se stúa el losange con las barras valencianas.

Posteriormente, como se ha dicho, se modificaron los colores, otrogándosele el color rojo a las torres, y el amarillo y gris a las franjas, según Decreto 116/1994 de la Generalidad Valenciana.

Datos técnicos
Finalmente, y según la resolución dictada por la Conselleria de Justicia el 28 de enero de 2003:
Tras el dictamen del Consejo Técnico de Heráldica y acorde con las normas autonómicas reguladoras de los símbolos, tratamientos y honores de las entidades locales de la Comunidad Valenciana, la bandera adoptada por el ayuntamiento de Ibi quedará organizada del siguiente modo: "Bandera de proporciones 2:3. Terciada al asta. Al asta, de oro o amarillo, una torre roja abierta y mazonada de sable. Al batiente, de plata o gris perla, otra torre del mismo color, también abierta y mazonada de sable. Entre los campos, centrado, un cuadrado apoyado sobre una punta con las armas reales de Aragón".

Véase también
Escudo de Ibi

Referencias

Ibi
Ibi
Ibi

Bandera de Ibi


, née le  dans la préfecture de Kagoshima, est une escrimeuse japonaise pratiquant l'épée. En six ans, elle est médaillée sept fois aux championnats d'Asie, toujours en bronze.

Biographie
Ayaka Shimōkawa étudie tout d'abord au lycée Minami de Kagoshima. C'est à cette époque qu'elle découvre l'escrime. Alors qu'elle a 16 ans, elle est approchée par un professeur qui lui propose de s'y essayer. Elle débute à  l'épée sur les recommandations d'un coach après avoir rejoint la section dédiée à l'escrime de l'.

Tout au long de sa carrière, elle s'illustre principalement lors des épreuves par équipes.

Sa première compétition internationale en sénior est une épreuve de coupe du monde 2008-2009 : le Grand Prix de Rome. La même année, elle participe aux championnats d'Asie au cours desquels elle se classe à la 15 position.

L'année qui suit, elle participe à l'épreuve par équipes des Jeux asiatiques de 2010 à Canton. Dans un premier temps, les Japonaises vainquent sans difficulté les Kirghiz (45-29). Il s'ensuit un assaut un peu plus serré contre les Hongkongaises, également remporté par l'équipe nippone (36-32). En finale, elles affrontent les Chinoises. Ces dernières dominent d'abord le match jusqu'à l'entrée en piste de Shimōkawa qui parvient à briser leur rythme. Elle laisse ensuite la place à ses deux coéquipières, successivement Nozomi Nakano et Megumi Ikeda. L'équipe japonaise ressort finalement vainqueur (36-29).

Elle remporte le bronze par équipes avec Kozue Horikawa, Ikeda et Nakano lors des championnats d'Asie 2011 en Corée du Sud. Quelques mois plus tard se tient l'Universiade d'été de 2011, sa première compétition d'ordre mondial. Elle se hisse sur la troisième place du podium aux côtés de Shin A-lam en s'imposant face à Hou Yingming (15-11), Brenda Biasco (15-13) et Tatyana Andryushina (15-13) puis en s'inclinant en demi-finale contre Olena Kryvytska (10-15).

Cette même année, elle intègre l'entreprise .

2014 est une année chargée pour Shimōkawa. Elle commence avec deux médailles de bronze remportées à lors des championnats d'Asie : en individuel et par équipes aux côtés de Miho Morioka, Rie Ohashi et Shiori Komata. Dans le même mois, elle est vaincue par Yana Shemyakina au premier tour des championnats du monde. Le mois qui suit, Shimōkawa réitère son expérience aux Jeux asiatiques de Incheon. En individuel, elle est éliminée dans le tableau de 16 par Vivian Kong (14-15) malgré une avance de quatre touches au début de l'assaut. Par équipes, elle atteint le 3 rang avec Ayumi Yamada et Ohashi.

En 2015, elle monte pour la première fois sur la première marche d'une étape de la coupe du monde à Londres à l'occasion de la Coupe Cole, un tournoi satellite, après avoir vaincu Katrina Smith en quart de finale (15-12) et Caitlin Chang en demi-finale (15-10). Lors des saisons suivantes, elle se hisse à trois autres reprises sur le podium. Elle obtient deux médailles d'or en tournois satellites sur la saison 2015-2016 puis une médaille de bronze durant un Grand Prix sur la saison 2016-2017.

Après plusieurs années sans y participer, elle prend à nouveau part à deux éditions consécutives des championnats du monde. Elle participe d'abord aux épreuve d'épée dame de 2017 à Leipzig. Cet évènement marque son retour sur la scène internationale après une blessure et une opération au genou droit. Elle l'emporte sur l'allemande Nadine Stahlberg (14-12) mais est éliminée au tour suivant par Sun Yiwen après un assaut serré (14-15). L'année suivante, est éliminée lors de son premier assaut face à l'américaine Katharine Holmes (9-14).

Palmarès
 Universiades
  Médaille de bronze en individuel à l'Universiade d'été de 2011 à Shenzhen

 Épreuves de coupe du monde
  Médaille d'or à la Coupe Cole (tournoi satellite) à Londres sur la saison 2014-2015
  Médaille d'or à l'Open Trekanten (tournoi satellite) à Copenhague sur la saison 2015-2016
  Médaille d'or au tournoi satellite de Kupittaa à Turku sur la saison 2015-2016
  Médaille de bronze au Grand Prix Westend à Budapest sur la saison 2016-2017

 Championnats d'Asie
  Médaille de bronze par équipes aux championnats d'Asie 2011 à Séoul
  Médaille de bronze par équipes aux championnats d'Asie 2012 à Wakayama
  Médaille de bronze en individuel aux championnats d'Asie 2014 à Suwon
  Médaille de bronze par équipes aux championnats d'Asie 2014 à Suwon
  Médaille de bronze par équipes aux championnats d'Asie 2015 à Singapour
  Médaille de bronze en individuel aux championnats d'Asie 2015 à Singapour
  Médaille de bronze par équipes aux championnats d'Asie 2017 à Hong Kong

 Jeux asiatiques
  Médaille d'or par équipes aux Jeux asiatiques de 2010 à Canton
  Médaille de bronze par équipes aux Jeux asiatiques de 2014 à Incheon

 Championnats du Japon
  Médaille d'or en individuel aux championnats du Japon 2016 à Tokyo

Classement en fin de saison

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance dans la préfecture de Kagoshima
Naissance en avril 1988
Épéiste japonaise
Médaillée d'or aux Jeux asiatiques

Ayaka Shimōkawa


Benediktas ist ein litauischer männlicher Vorname (abgeleitet von Benedikt).

Personen
 Benediktas Juodka (* 1943), Biochemiker und Politiker, Rektor und Professor
 Benediktas Mickus (* 1997), litauischer Sprinter und Mittelstreckenläufer
 Benediktas Petrauskas (* 1955), Politiker,  Bürgermeister von Klaipėda
 Benediktas Vilmantas Rupeika (* 1944),  Journalist und Politiker, Mitglied des Seimas

Männlicher Vorname
Litauischer Vorname

Benediktas


Karain Mağarası, Türkiye'nin en büyük doğal mağaralarından biridir. Denizden yüksekliği 430-450 metredir. Antalya'nın 30 km kuzeybatısında eski Antalya-Burdur kara yoluna 5–6 km uzaklıkta bulunan Yağca mahallesi sınırları içinde bulunur. Antalya-Burdur kara yolunun 13. km'sinde Karain işaret levhasından sola dönülerek Karain Mağarası yoluna girilir. Antalya'ya uzaklığı 27 km'dir.

Oluşumu
Karain Mağarası; doğal karstik oluşumlar sonucu meydana gelmiştir. 1946 yılında mağara, Kılıç Kökten tarafından keşfedilmiş olup mağaranın oluşumu hakkındaki yaptığı araştırmalar mağaranın ince dehlizlerle üç kayanın birleşimi sonucunda ortaya çıkmış olduğunu gösterir. Mağara Çam (Katran) Dağı'nın kalkerli dik yamaçlarında bulunan Çadır Tepesi içine doğal bir şekilde karstik olaylarla oyularak oluşmuştur. Karain Mağarası Kretase yaşında 2 zamana ait kalkerler içinde bulunur.

Özellikleri

Antik yerleşim
1946 yılından beri kazılar yapılmaktadır. Yapılan kazılardan, bölgenin günümüzden 500.000 yıl kadar önce de yerleşim merkezi olarak kullanıldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Türkiye'nin içinde insan yaşamış en büyük mağarasıdır. Buluntular mağaranın hemen yakınında bulunan Karain Müzesi'nde ve Antalya Müzesi'ndeki tarihöncesi bölümde sergilenmektedir.

Arkeolojik araştırma
Araştırma 2002 Antalya il merkezinin kuzeybatısınnda; Paleolitik Çağ bulgularıyla ünlenen bu mağarada; I. Yalçınkaya tarafından yapılan kazılarda az sayıda İlk Tunç Çağı çanak çömleği de bulunmuştur. Mağaranın bu dönemde mevsimlik iskan gördüğü belirtilmektedir.

Karain Mağarası, Anadolu ve Yakın Doğu tarihi açısından önemli bir paleolitik merkezdir. Mağara paleolitik, neolitik, kalkolitik, eski tunç gibi protohistorik çağlarda ve klasik çağda insanlar tarafından sürekli bir biçimde iskan edilmiştir. Karain Mağarası'nda yapılan kazılarda elde edilen arkeolojik buluntular alt paleolitikten geç Roma dönemine kadar görülen yerleşim izleri ile Anadolu arkeolojik çalışmalarında önemli bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır. Klasik dönemlerdeki kullanım daha çok Adak Mağara (tapınak) niteliğinde olup, mağara alnı ve dış duvarları üzerinde Grekçe kitabe ve nişler bulunmaktadır.
Yeryüzünde bilinen paleolitik mağaraların çoğu sadece bir dönemi temsil ederken Karain alt, orta ve üst olarak kesintisiz bir katmanlaşma göstermekte ve bu katmanlardan elde edilen veriler, özellikle Avrupa ve Yakın Doğu arasındaki bağlantılar ve göç yolları hakkında fikir vermesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Karain'den ele geçirilen Anadolu'da bilinen en eski insan kalıntılarının yanı sıra mağarada ortaya çıkarılan taşınabilir sanat ürünleri Anadolu sanatının ilk örnekleridir. Mağaraya giriş paralıdır.

Ayrıca, verdiği bitki ve hayvan kalıntıları ile Batı Akdeniz'in eski çevresinin ortaya konmasında önemli bir rol üstlenen Karain, çevresindeki diğer mağaralarla birlikte doğal ve kültürel özellikleri dolayısıyla karma sit olarak Dünya Miras Listesi'ne önerilmektedir. Mağaradaki kazılar hala devam etmektedir.

Kazılar

Buluntular
İnsanlık tarihinin başlangıcındaki süreç içinde mağara, Alt Paleolitik'ten başlayarak; Orta ve Üst Paleolitik, Neolitik, Kalkolitik, İlk Tunç Çağı, MÖ. 2. binyıl ve Klasik Çağ'da insanlar tarafından sürekli bir biçimde iskan edilmiştir. Bunun doğal bir sonucu olarak da yaklaşık 11 m'yi bulan kalın bir kültür dolgusu içermektedir. Ancak mağaranın en uzun süren ve en önemli iskanı Paleolitik Çağ'dadır. Klasik dönemlerdeki kullanım daha çok Adak Mağara (tapınak) niteliğinde olup; mağara alnı ve dış duvarları üzerinde Grekçe kitabe ve nişler bulunmaktadır. Karain Mağarası'nda yapılan kazılarda elde edilen arkeolojik buluntular; Antalya Müzesi'nde ve mağaranın hemen yakınında bulunan Karain Müzesi'nde sergilenmektedir. 1997 yılında 1. derecede arkeolojik doğal sit alanı ilan edilmiştir. Yarasaların yaşadığına dair izler vardır.

Bulgular

Kemik Aletlerinin Tekno-Tipolojik Analizi
Karain Mağarası E gözü kazılarından ele geçmiş 1 adet kemik alet bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu aletin, hippopotam ya da fil gibi iri bir hayvana ait olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 2011 yılı kazıları sonucunda ele geçen bu örnek, söz konusu hayvana ait bacak kemiğinden üretilmiştir. Buluntu, VI. jeolojik üniteden ele geçmiştir. 400.000 yıldan daha eski tarih veren bu ünitenin, hippopotam ve fil gibi hayvanları içeren bir faunaya sahip olduğu bilinmektedir.  "Dişlemeli Alet" olarak tanımlanan bu buluntu, Alt Paleolitik Dönem içerisinde 500.000 ile 600.000 yılları arasına tarihlendirilmiştir. Söz konusu dişlemeli alet, Alt Paleolitik'e ait bilinen ilk ve dolayısıyla en eski alet olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Üzerinde herhangi bir yanma ya da kırık taşımayan dişlemeli alet, I 14 plankaresinden ele geçmiştir. Dişlemeli aletin uzunluğu 14,2 cm., genişliği 7 cm.'dir. Kalınlığı 2,2 cm. olarak belirlenmiş olan aletin ağırlığı 209,34 gramdır. Karain Mağarası B Gözü kazılarında 2013 kazı sezonu sonuna kadar toplam 395 adet kemik alet ele geçirilmiştir. Tanımlanabilen kemik aletlerin tipolojik incelemeleri sonucunda 7 grup alet tipi belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; ağaç kabuğu soymada kullanıldığını düşündüğümüz "Ağaç Kabuğu Soyucu (Bark Extractor)" "Bızlar" "İğneler" "İşlenmiş Kemik ve Boynuzlar" "Kaşıklar" "Spatulalar" ve "Uçlar" şeklindedir. Tespit edilen 7 grup içerisindeki çoğunluğu bızlar oluşturmaktadır. Bızlar ve bızlara ait olduğu tespit edilen parçalar toplam 222 adettir (% 56). Bızları, 122 adet (% 31) ile işlenmiş kemik ve boynuzlar, 18 adet (% 5) ile spatula ve spatula parçaları, 12 adet (% 3) ile iğne ve iğne parçaları; yine 11 adet (% 3) ile 58 uçlar, 8 adet (% 2) ile ağaç kabuğu soyucu (Bark Extractor) ve 2 adet (% 0,1) ile kaşık ve kaşık parçaları takip etmektedir. Karain Mağarası B Gözü'nden ele geçirilen kemik aletlerin üretildiği kemik türüne ilişkin analizler sonucunda tanımlanamamış 239 adet (% 61), tanımlanabilen 156 adet (% 39) kemik tespit edilmiştir. B Gözü kemik aletlerinin tanımlanabilen türlerine ilişkin değerlendirmeler sonucunda; çift toynaklı olarak tanımlanan ve "Artiodactyla" takımına giren koyun, keçi, geyik, sığır, domuz gibi hayvanlara ait 29 adet (% 24) etraf kemiği (kol, bacak) tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında 35 adet (% 30) koyun veya keçi tanımlaması yapılan,
23 adet (% 19) kesin olarak koyun olduğu anlaşılan; 19 adet (% 16) kesin olarak keçi olduğu anlaşılan; 11 adet (% 9) fare gibi kemirgenler ve kuşlara ait olduğu tespit edilen, 2 adet (% 2) kızıl geyik (Cervus elaphus) kemiği olduğu anlaşılan kemik tür tanımlaması yapılabilmiştir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Karain Mağarası Paleolitik Çağ Buluntuları

Galeri

Antalya'daki mağaralar
Döşemealtı, Antalya

Karain Mağarası


The American Conservative (TAC) is a magazine published by the American Ideas Institute which was founded in 2002. Originally published twice a month, it was reduced to monthly publication in August 2009, and since February 2013, it has been published once every two months.

The publication states that it exists to promote a conservatism that opposes unchecked power in government and business alike; promote the flourishing of families and communities through vibrant markets and free people; and embrace realism and restraint in foreign affairs based on America's national interests, otherwise known as paleoconservatism.

History
The American Conservative was founded by Pat Buchanan, Scott McConnell and Taki Theodoracopulos in 2002 in opposition to the Iraq War.

McConnell served as the magazine's first editor, followed by executive editor Kara Hopkins.

Before the 2006 midterm elections, The American Conservative urged its readers to vote for Democrats: "It should surprise few readers that we think a vote that is seen—in America and the world at large—as a decisive "No" vote on the Bush presidency is the best outcome".

As of 2007, Buchanan and Theodoracopulos ceased to be involved with the editorial operations of The American Conservative, although Buchanan continues to contribute columns. Ron Unz was named publisher in 2007. In 2011, Wick Allison became the magazine's publisher, followed in 2013 by Jon Basil Utley, the current publisher.

In 2010, Daniel McCarthy succeeded Hopkins as editor. In September 2011, the magazine introduced an editorial redesign of its print publication and in May 2012 a redesign of its website. In October 2014, Benjamin Schwarz, the former national and literary editor of The Atlantic, was named national editor of the magazine.

In November 2016, Robert W. Merry succeeded McCarthy as editor, with Lewis McCrary and Kelley Beaucar Vlahos as Executive Editors. After Merry's retirement in July 2018, W. James Antle III was named editor.

In April 2020, Johnny Burtka, executive director and acting editor of The American Conservative, said that the publication's ambition is to "become The Atlantic of the right" and said its online page views had "grown significantly" under the Trump administration.

Reception
In 2009, Reihan Salam, National Review editor, wrote that the publication had "gained a devoted following as a sharp critic of the conservative mainstream".

In 2012, David Brooks, columnist at The New York Times, called The American Conservative "one of the more dynamic spots on the political Web" and said its "writers like Rod Dreher and Daniel Larison tend to be suspicious of bigness: big corporations, big government, a big military, concentrated power and concentrated wealth."

Contributors
Contributors to The American Conservative have included Helen Andrews, Andrew Bacevich, Doug Bandow, Pat Buchanan, Andrew Cockburn, Rod Dreher, Paul Gottfried, Leon Hadar, James Kurth, Christopher Layne, Michael Lind,  William S. Lind, Douglas Macgregor, Eric Margolis, Scott McConnell, Robert W. Merry, Rand Paul, Mark Perry,
Scott Ritter, Steve Sailer, Paul W. Schroeder, Benjamin Schwarz, Roger Scruton,
Taki Theodoracopulos, and Ron Unz.

See also

 Classical liberalism
 Communitarianism
 Conservatism in the United States
 Libertarianism
 List of United States magazines
 Natural Law
 Neoconservatism
 Realism (international relations)
 Religion in the United States
 Tory
 Traditionalist conservatism

References

External links

 "Buchanan's Takeoff" by Murray Polner, Columbia Journalism Review, January/February 2003.
 "Paleocon's Revenge" by Whitney Joiner. Folio: The Magazine for Magazine Management, September 1, 2002.
 The American Conservative Crackup: Why I quit Pat Buchanan's magazine by Alexander Konetzki, The Washington Monthly
 The American Conservative by J. Bradford DeLong, May 15, 2012.

2002 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
Conservative magazines published in the United States
Libertarian magazines published in the United States
Old Right (United States)
Magazines established in 2002
Magazines published in Washington, D.C.
Paleoconservative publications
Pat Buchanan
Monthly magazines published in the United States

The American Conservative


Magdala est un film français réalisé par Damien Manivel, sorti en 2022.

Synopsis

Fiche technique

 Titre : Magdala
 Réalisation : Damien Manivel
 Scénario :  Damien Manivel et Julien Dieudonné
 Photographie : Mathieu Gaudet
 Son : Jérôme Petit et Agathe Poche
 Mixage : Simon Apostolou
 Montage : Damien Manivel
 Société de production : MLD Films
 Société de distribution : Météore Films
 Pays de production :
 Genre : Film dramatique
 Durée :
 Dates de sortie : France -  (festival de Cannes) et  (sortie nationale annoncée par le distributeur)

Distribution
 Elsa Wolliaston : Marie-Madeleine
 Olga Mouak : Marie-Madeleine jeune
 Aimie Lombard : l'ange
 Saphir Shraga : Jésus

Accueil

Critique
En France, le site Allociné recense une moyenne des critiques presse de 3,2/5.

Récompenses et distinctions

Sélection
 Festival de Cannes 2022 : programmation ACID

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Magdala sur le site de l'ACID

Film français sorti en 2022
Film dramatique français

Magdala (film)


The State University of New York at New Paltz (SUNY New Paltz or New Paltz) is a public university in New Paltz, New York. It traces its origins to the New Paltz Classical School, a secondary institution founded in 1828 and reorganized as an academy in 1833.

History

The university's origins can be traced back to the New Paltz Classical School, which originally opened in 1828. After changing its name to the New Paltz Academy in 1833, the school was decimated by a fire in 1884, after which the school offered their land to the state government of New York contingent upon the establishment of a normal school.

In 1885, one year after the fire, the New Paltz Normal and Training School, or New Paltz Normal School, was established to prepare teachers to practice their professions in the public schools of New York. It was granted the ability to award baccalaureate degrees in 1938, after which it was renamed as the State Teachers College at New Paltz; the inaugural class of 112 students graduated in 1942. In 1947, a graduate program in education was established.

When the State University of New York was established by legislative act in 1948, the Teachers College at New Paltz was one of 30 colleges associated under SUNY's umbrella. An art education program was added in 1951. The school experienced another name change in 1959, becoming the State University College of Education at New Paltz. One year later, in 1960, the college was authorized to confer liberal arts degrees. Just one year after that, in 1961, the school updated its name yet again, to the State University of New York College of Arts and Science at New Paltz.

There were several student-led demonstrations in the late 1960s and early 1970s, primarily against the Vietnam War. In the spring of 1967, a sit-in protesting military recruitment on campus blocked the entrance to the Student Union for two days. While there were scores of demonstrators the first day, all but 13 dispersed before New York State Troopers arrived and bodily carried the demonstrators to a waiting school bus for a trip to court. In the fall of 1968, students rallied in support of Craig Pastor (now Craig DeYong) who had been arrested by New Paltz Village Police for desecration of the American flag which he was wearing as a superhero cape in a student film directed by Edward Falco. College President John J. Neumaier posted bail. Pastor was released and charges were dropped.

The Cambodian Campaign and concomitant Kent State shootings in May 1970 led to a protest that culminated in a five-day student occupation of the Administration Building, subsequently renamed Old Main after the opening of the Haggerty Administration Building two years later. A March 1974 sit-in at the Haggerty Building reacted against perceived discriminatory hiring practices, the state-mandated reintegration of Shango Hall (which then housed underrepresented students), and the threatened cessation of the experimental studies program in the wake of a budget shortfall.

Amid this tumult, the college's general education program (including then-vanguard introductory surveys of African and Asian cultures) was eliminated in 1971; a distribution requirement was re-instituted in 1993. A program in African American studies was established in 1968. Three years later, the experimental studies program (reorganized as the innovative studies program in 1975) began to enroll students, instructors, and local residents in credited and cocurricular courses that encompassed myriad disciplines, including video art (under Paul Ryan), dance therapy, clowning, camping, and ecodesign. Instructors in the program were hired by students and compensated through student activity fees. A  environmental studies site operated by students and community members under the aegis of the program at the southern periphery of the campus included geodesic domes, windmills, kilns, a solar-powered house funded by the Department of Energy, and more inchoate variants of sustainable architecture. Upon ascending to the college presidency in 1980, Alice Chandler characterized the edifices as "shacks and hovels" and abolished the program in the early 1980s, demolishing most of the site in the process.

Under Chandler's leadership, the college began to offer professional degree programs in nursing, engineering, journalism, and accounting. The Legislative Gazette, a journalism and political science internship in which students live and work in Albany and produce a weekly newspaper about state politics, was established in 1978.

On December 29, 1991, the campus was the scene of a widely reported PCB incident that contaminated four dormitories (Bliss, Gage, Capen and Scudder halls), as well as the Coykendall Science Building and Parker Theatre. Under the direction of the county and state health departments, the university began a massive, thorough cleanup effort. As an additional precaution, 29 other buildings were thoroughly tested and, if necessary, cleaned. The clean-up process lasted until May 1995. Since 1994, PCBs have not been used on the SUNY New Paltz campus.

The college was rebranded as the State University of New York at New Paltz in 1994.

In November 1997, two events on campus attracted nationwide media attention. The first, a feminist conference on sex and sexuality sponsored by the women's studies department entitled "Revolting Behavior: The Challenges of Women's Sexual Freedom", featured an instructional workshop on sex toys offered by a Manhattan sex shop proprietor and a lecture panel on sadomasochism ("Safe, Sane and Consensual S/M: An Alternate Way of Loving"). The second, a seminar entitled "Subject to Desire: Refiguring the Body", was sponsored by the School of Fine and Performing Arts. One presenter, Fluxus performance artist and longtime New Paltz resident Carolee Schneemann, was best known for Interior Scroll (1975), a piece that culminated in her unrolling a scroll from her vagina and reading it to the audience; at the seminar, Schneemann exhibited abstract photographs of her vagina as part of Vulva's Morphia (1995), "a visceral sequence of photographs and text in which a Vulvic personification presents an ironic analysis juxtaposing slides and text to undermine Lacanian semiotics, gender issues, Marxism, the male art establishment, religious and cultural taboos."

Political conservatives were outraged that a public university had hosted such events, and Governor George Pataki and SUNY chancellor Robert King expressed their displeasure. The controversy escalated when the theatre arts department staged The Vagina Monologues shortly afterwards. The college's then-president, Roger Bowen, defended freedom of expression on campus and refused to apologize, doing little to allay conservative ire. "The real issue," he said, "is whether some ideologues, however well-intentioned, have the right to dictate what we say and what we do on this campus." SUNY trustee Candace de Russy called for him to be dismissed.  Bowen later resigned.

In 2023, the institution was officially reclassified as a university by the State University of New York. The change took effect January 1, 2023, exactly seventy-five years after the SUNY system was founded; New Paltz was a founding member.

Campus

The SUNY New Paltz campus consists of about  in the small town of New Paltz, New York. There are 14 residence halls, centered mostly in two quads. The main campus has two dozen academic buildings, including the Haggerty Administration Building, a lecture hall, Old Main, Sojourner Truth Library, one main dining hall, the Student Union Building, Science Hall and extensive gymnasium and sports areas.

The college also operated the Ashokan campus in Olivebridge, New York, consisting of another . In 2008 it was sold by Campus Auxiliary Services to the Open Space Conservancy; it is now operated as the Ashokan Center.

SUNY New Paltz has undergone extensive construction projects since 2008, totaling nearly $300 million, including:

 Renovation of Hasbrouck complex residence halls (ongoing)
 Student Union Building addition: "The Atrium" (completed fall 2010)
 Old Main renovation (completed spring 2011)
 The Concourse landscaping/renovation (completed fall 2011)
 Hasbrouck Quad landscaping/renovation (completed fall 2011)
 Construction of Mohonk Walk (completed summer 2012)
 Ridgeview Hall (completed summer 2015)
 Sojourner Truth Library renovation (completed fall 2015)
 Wooster Science Building renovation (completed summer 2016)
 Construction of Science Hall, a new science building (completed winter 2017)
 Engineering Innovation Hub (completed fall 2019)

Campus theaters
SUNY at New Paltz contains three on-campus theaters.

McKenna Theater
McKenna Theatre is a fully equipped proscenium theatre, with seating for 366.  The theater is named in honor of Dr. Rebecca McKenna, professor of English and drama and the founder of the theatre arts program at New Paltz.  At the rear of the theater is a sound booth for digital audio equipment which has the capabilities to play back, mix, and amplify audio.  There is also a lighting booth with a computerized light board (controlling over 200 dimmers) and LCD video projection equipment behind the audience (and upstairs).  There are 32 line sets in the fly space above the stage.  There is also a scene shop behind the stage, storage area for scenery, a paint shop, and  other technical facilities.

Parker Theater

The building was originally built as a dining hall.  Parker was then converted to a theatre venue and teaching space. In 1972 it was made into a theatre production facility. The building was renovated in 1994, featuring a modified thrust stage surrounded by a three-quarter audience configuration seating up to 200 people. In the rear are lighting and sound booths with computerized light board (controlling over 90 dimmers) and digital audio equipment.  To both sides of the stage are performance studio spaces. Classes are offered in acting, voice, movement, and musical theatre.  On the same floor of the theater are a costume studio, dressing rooms, costume maintenance, storage facilities, and faculty offices.

Parker Theatre was built in 1962. It houses the Raymond T. Kurdt Theatrical Design Collection, one of the most significant
collections of original costume and set designs in the nation.

Max and Nadia Shepard Recital Hall
Max and Nadia Shepard Recital Hall is located in College Hall, the oldest residence hall on campus. Built in 1951, it is a landmark, and is the closest hall to the village of New Paltz. Its basement, now used primarily for storage, was built as a fallout shelter, and was stocked as such until the 1980s. The only remaining remnant are the "fallout toilets".

The facility contains 125 seats and is named in honor of patrons of the performing arts programs at SUNY New Paltz. The hall offers a delicate setting for student recitals and chamber music performances. The rear of the hall contains a small studio equipped with Pro-tools HD and a Control 24 sound board used for recording professional performances.

Max and Nadia Shepard Recital Hall is an important facility for the community. It hosts many recitals and is an integral part of the Piano Summer program.

Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art
At the center of campus is the Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art, which opened in 2001. With more than 9,000 square feet of exhibition space in six galleries, the Dorsky is one of the largest art museums in the SUNY system. The East Wing includes the Morgan Anderson Gallery, Howard Greenberg Family Gallery, Sara Bedrick Gallery, and the Corridor Gallery, and the West Wing includes the Alice and Horace Chandler Gallery and the North Gallery. The Dorsky's permanent collection comprises more than 5,000 works of American Art (with emphasis on the Hudson Valley and Catskill Regions), 19th, 20th and 21st century photography, metals, and a "world collection" of art and artifacts dating back to ancient times and representing diverse cultures. Through its collections, exhibitions, and public programs, the Dorsky supports and enriches the academic programs at the college, presents a broad range of world art for study and enjoyment, and serves as a center for Hudson Valley arts and culture. The Dorsky's facilities include research and seminar rooms for visitors, students and professors at SUNY New Paltz.

Student life

Athletics
SUNY New Paltz teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III. The Hawks are a member of the State University of New York Athletic Conference (SUNYAC). Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, soccer, swimming & diving, volleyball and lacrosse; women's sports include basketball, cross country, field hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis and volleyball.

For the first time in program history, New Paltz men's volleyball team captured the NCAA Division III Tournament title in 2016. The win also marked the first NCAA title for any New Paltz team. Three years later, they defeated UC Santa Cruz to win their second championship in the sport and second for the school overall.

Greek life
Recognized fraternities and sororities at the university include:

Clubs and traditions

The student governance is operated by the Student Association, which funds most student activities through a mandatory fee. There are many clubs, fraternities, and sororities. Clubs that are recognized by the Student Association are organized into one of six boards: academic, advocacy, athletic, fine and performing arts, media, and social and cultural. There is also an on-campus government, the Residence Hall Student Association (RHSA).

The college has an auxiliary services corporation common to many state campuses in New York, called Campus Auxiliary Services, Inc. This on-campus company operates the dining halls and bookstore, as well as being the source of discretionary funds for spending by the college president and the RHSA.

The college has a foundation and an active alumni association.

The college's official student newspaper is The Oracle. In 2010, it was honored by the Society of Professional Journalists for having the Best Affiliated Website for four-year college or university (Region 1 competition). It was named as a runner-up for the National Title.

Among the many clubs and associations on campus is the Nifty Nifflers, a quidditch team inspired by the fictional sport played in the Harry Potter series.

The campus TV station is WNPC TV. It broadcasts on channels 3, 6 and 8 in the New Paltz area.

The college's radio station, WFNP, is known as "The Edge".  It broadcasts part-time at FM 88.7, and also streams online.

Notable alumni

SUNY New Paltz alumni include:
 Salvador Agron –  "The Capeman," the main figure from the Broadway show The Capeman
 Michael Badalucco – actor
 Yak Ballz – underground rapper born Yashar Zadeh
 David Bernsley (born 1969), American-Israeli basketball player
 Eleonor Bindman  (born 1965), American pianist, teacher and recording artist
 Rob Borsellino – reporter
 Kevin Cahill – member of the New York State Assembly
 Regina Calcaterra –  author
 Joan Chen – actress
 Scott Cohen – actor
 Murali Coryell – guitarist
 Marco DaSilva - multimedia artist
 Anthony Denison – actor
Mary Deyo (1887 graduate of normal school)  – missionary teacher in Japan
 James Dolan – owner of the New York Knicks, New York Rangers and Madison Square Garden; former CEO of Cablevision
 Chris Eachus – member of the New York State Assembly
 Jessica Faieta –  Assistant Administrator and Director of the Regional Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
 Edward Falco –  novelist and professor of English at Virginia Tech
 Helen K. Garber – photographer
 Michael J. X. Gladis – actor
 Vinny Guadagnino –  Jersey Shore reality show actor
 Maurice Hinchey '68, M.A. '70 – member of the United States House of Representatives
 Vicky Jeudy  – actor
 Gary King – university professor of government at Harvard University
 Robert Kyncl –  CEO of Warner Music Group
 Kenneth LaValle – member of the New York State Senate
 Christopher Manson – children's book author and illustrator
 Tomas Morales –  president of  California State University, San Bernardino
 Eileen Moran – visual effects producer and former executive at Weta Digital
 Fabrizio Moretti – drummer for The Strokes
 Alex Luciano – musician, guitarist and songwriter for Diet Cig
 Berhanu Nega – Ethiopian politician
 Ann Nocenti –  Marvel Comics editor; journalist
 William Parment – member of the New York State Assembly
 Andrea Peyser – New York Post columnist
 Roseann Runte –  president of Old Dominion University
 Ilyasah Shabazz – daughter of Malcolm X; writer
 Andy Shernoff – songwriter, rock musician
 Frank Skartados – member of the New York State Assembly
 Alex Storozynski – Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist
 Brianna Titone - geologist and Colorado state representative
 Aida Turturro – actress
 John Turturro – actor
 Jason West – former mayor of the village of New Paltz, New York
 Zach Zarba – NBA official
 Kevin Zraly –   wine educator; founder of the Windows on the World Wine School

Notable faculty
 Clinton Bennett – adjunct lecturer, religious studies program; authority on Islam
 Jamie Bennett – emeritus professor (1985–2015) of art
 Manuel Bromberg - professor emeritus of art
 Lew Brownstein - historian and former chair of political science and international relations department
 Arthur H. Cash (died 2016) – SUNY Distinguished Professor and professor emeritus of English; authority on Laurence Sterne
Robert Ebendorf – former professor in the metals department, starting in 1970.
 Vladimir Feltsman – university professor, music department
 Heinz Insu Fenkl – professor of English; novelist, translator and folklorist
 Carol Goodman – adjunct in creative writing; novelist
Laurence M. Hauptman – distinguished professor of history
 Ray Huang – late professor emeritus of history; authority on the Ming dynasty; author of 1587: a Year of No Significance
 Nancy Kassop - former chair of the political science department
 Chaim Koppelman (1920–2009), American artist, educator, and Aesthetic Realism consultant
 John Langan - instructor of creative writing and gothic literature; author of horror stories, notably the Bram Stoker Award winning novel "The Fisherman"
 Joe Langworth –  adjunct, musical theatre
Kurt Matzdorf –  professor emeritus of goldsmithing and silversmith (working from 1957 to 1985); he founded the metals department.
 Anthony Robinson – professor emeritus of English and former director of creative writing program
 Harry Schwartz – The New York Times editorial writer, Soviet specialist
 H.R. Stoneback – SUNY distinguished teaching professor and professor of English; authority on Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and Lawrence Durrell
William Strongin - Rabbi, author, and professor who is currently the director of Jewish Studies

See also
 List of university art museums and galleries in New York State

References

Further reading

External links

 Official website
 Official athletics website

1828 establishments in New York (state)
Education in Ulster County, New York
Educational institutions established in 1828
New Paltz, New York
New Paltz, State University of New York
State University of New York at New Paltz
Tourist attractions in Ulster County, New York


The Seagull () is a play by Russian dramatist Anton Chekhov, written in 1895 and first produced in 1896. The Seagull is generally considered to be the first of his four major plays. It dramatizes the romantic and artistic conflicts between four characters: the famous middlebrow story writer Boris Trigorin, the ingenue Nina, the fading actress Irina Arkadina, and her son the symbolist playwright Konstantin Treplev.

Like Chekhov's other full-length plays, The Seagull relies upon an ensemble cast of diverse, fully-developed characters. In contrast to the melodrama of mainstream 19th-century theatre, lurid actions (such as Konstantin's suicide attempts) are not shown onstage. Characters tend to speak in subtext rather than directly. The character Trigorin is considered one of Chekhov's greatest male roles.

The opening night of the first production was a famous failure. Vera Komissarzhevskaya, playing Nina, was so intimidated by the hostility of the audience that she lost her voice. Chekhov left the audience and spent the last two acts behind the scenes. When supporters wrote to him that the production later became a success, he assumed that they were merely trying to be kind. When Konstantin Stanislavski, the seminal Russian theatre practitioner of the time, directed it in 1898 for his Moscow Art Theatre, the play was a triumph. Stanislavski's production became "one of the greatest events in the history of Russian theatre and one of the greatest new developments in the history of world drama".

Stanislavski's direction caused The Seagull to be perceived as a tragedy through overzealousness with the concept of subtext, whereas Chekhov intended it to be a comedy.

Writing

Chekhov purchased the Melikhovo farm in 1892, and ordered a lodge built in the middle of a cherry orchard. The lodge had three rooms, one containing a bed and another a writing table. Chekhov eventually moved in, and in a letter written in October 1895 he wrote:
I am writing a play which I shall probably not finish before the end of November. I am writing it not without pleasure, though I swear fearfully at the conventions of the stage. It's a comedy, there are three women's parts, six men's, four acts, landscapes (view over a lake); a great deal of conversation about literature, little action, tons of love.
Thus he acknowledged a departure from traditional dramatic action. This departure became a hallmark of Chekhovian theater. Chekhov's statement also reflects his view of the play as a comedy, a view he maintained towards all his plays. After the play's disastrous opening night, his friend Aleksey Suvorin chided him for being "womanish" and accused him of being in "a funk." Chekhov vigorously denied this, stating:
Why this libel? After the performance, I had supper at Romanov's. On my word of honor. Then I went to bed, slept soundly, and the next day went home without uttering a sound of complaint. If I had been in a funk I should have run from editor to editor and actor to actor, should have nervously entreated them to be considerate, should nervously have inserted useless corrections, and should have spent two or three weeks in Petersburg fussing over my Seagull, in excitement, in a cold perspiration, in lamentation... I acted as coldly and reasonably as a man who has made an offer, received a refusal, and has nothing left but to go. Yes, my vanity was stung, but you know it was not a bolt from the blue; I was expecting a failure and was prepared for it, as I warned you with perfect sincerity beforehand.
And a month later:
I thought that if I had written and put on the stage a play so obviously brimming over with monstrous defects, I had lost all instinct and that, therefore, my machinery must have gone wrong for good.
The eventual success of the play, both in the remainder of its first run and in the subsequent staging by the Moscow Art Theatre under Stanislavski, encouraged Chekhov to remain a playwright and led to the overwhelming success of his next endeavor, Uncle Vanya, and indeed to the rest of his dramatic work.

Title
The English title for the play The Seagull is a potentially misleading translation of the title from its original Russian. Although the words "gull" and "seagull" are often used interchangeably in English, the text of the play makes no mention of the sea and is set on an estate somewhere in the inland regions of central Russia or Ukraine. The titular gull in question was likely meant by Chekov to be a black-headed gull or common gull. A more exact translation of the title would thus be The Gull, as the word "seagull" could erroneously evoke maritime connotations when no such imagery was intended by the playwright.

Characters

 Irina Nikolayevna Arkadina – an actress, married surname Trepleva
 Konstantin Gavrilovich Treplev – Irina's son, a young man
Pyotr Nikolayevich Sorin – Irina's brother, owner of the country estate
 Nina Mikhailovna Zarechnaya – a young woman, the daughter of a rich landowner
 Ilya Afanasyevich Shamrayev – a retired lieutenant and the manager of Sorin's estate
 Polina Andreyevna – Shamrayev's wife
 Masha – her daughter
 Boris Alexeyevich Trigorin – a novelist
 Yevgeny Sergeyevich Dorn – a doctor
 Semyon Semyonovich Medvedenko – a teacher in love with Masha.
 Yakov – a workman
 Cook
 Maid

Plot

Act I
Pyotr Sorin is a retired senior civil servant in failing health at his country estate. His sister, actress Irina Arkadina, arrives at the estate for a brief vacation with her lover, the writer Boris Trigorin. Pyotr and his guests gather at an outdoor stage to see an unconventional play that Irina's son, Konstantin Treplev, has written and directed. The play-within-a-play features Nina Zarechnaya, a young woman who lives on a neighboring estate, as the "soul of the world" in a time far in the future. The play is Konstantin's latest attempt at creating a new theatrical form. It is a dense symbolist work. Irina laughs at the play, finding it ridiculous and incomprehensible; the performance ends prematurely after audience interruption and Konstantin storms off in humiliation. Irina does not seem concerned about her son, who has not found his way in the world. Although others ridicule Konstantin's drama, the physician Yevgeny Dorn praises him.

Act I also sets up the play's various romantic triangles. The schoolteacher Semyon Medvedenko loves Masha, the daughter of the estate's steward Ilya Shamrayev and his wife Polina Andryevna. However, Masha is in love with Konstantin, who is in love with Nina, but Nina falls for Trigorin. Polina is in an affair with Yevgeny. When Masha tells Yevgeny about her longing for Konstantin, Yevgeny helplessly blames the lake for making everybody feel romantic.

Act II
A few days later, in the afternoon, characters are outside the estate. Arkadina, after reminiscing about happier times, engages in a heated argument with the house steward Shamrayev and decides to leave. Nina lingers behind after the group leaves, and Konstantin arrives to give her a gull that he has shot. Nina is confused and horrified at the gift. Konstantin sees Trigorin approaching and leaves in a jealous fit.

Nina asks Trigorin to tell her about the writer's life; he replies that it is not an easy one. Nina says that she knows the life of an actress is not easy either, but she wants more than anything to be one. Trigorin sees the gull that Konstantin has shot and muses on how he could use it as a subject for a short story: "The plot for the short story: a young girl lives all her life on the shore of a lake. She loves the lake, like a gull, and she's happy and free, like a gull. But a man arrives by chance, and when he sees her, he destroys her, out of sheer boredom. Like this gull." Arkadina calls for Trigorin, and he leaves as she tells him that she has changed her mind – they will be leaving immediately. Nina lingers behind, enthralled with Trigorin's celebrity and modesty, and gushes, "My dream!"

Act III
Inside the estate, Arkadina and Trigorin have decided to depart. Between acts Konstantin attempted suicide by shooting himself in the head, but the bullet only grazed his skull. He spends the majority of Act III with his scalp heavily bandaged.

Nina finds Trigorin eating breakfast and presents him with a medallion that proclaims her devotion to him, using a line from one of Trigorin's own books: "If you ever need my life, come and take it." She retreats after begging for one last chance to see Trigorin before he leaves. Arkadina appears, followed by Sorin, whose health has continued to deteriorate. Trigorin leaves to continue packing. After a brief argument between Arkadina and Sorin, Sorin collapses in grief. He is helped off by Medvedenko. Konstantin enters and asks his mother to change his bandage. As she is doing this, Konstantin disparages Trigorin, eliciting another argument. When Trigorin reenters, Konstantin leaves in tears.

Trigorin asks Arkadina if they can stay at the estate. She flatters and cajoles him until he agrees to return with her to Moscow. After she has left the room, Nina comes to say her final goodbye to Trigorin and to inform him that she is running away to become an actress against her parents' wishes. They kiss passionately and make plans to meet again in Moscow.

Act IV
It is winter two years later, in the drawing room that has been converted to Konstantin's study. Masha finally accepted Medvedenko's marriage proposal, and they have a child together, though Masha still nurses an unrequited love for Konstantin. Various characters discuss what has happened in the two years that have passed: Nina and Trigorin lived together in Moscow for a time until he abandoned her and went back to Arkadina. Nina gave birth to Trigorin's baby, but it died in a short time. Nina never achieved any real success as an actress, and she is currently on a tour of the provinces with a small theatre group. Konstantin has had some short stories published, but he is increasingly depressed. Sorin's health is still failing, and the people at the estate have telegraphed for Arkadina to come for his final days.

Most of the play's characters go to the drawing room to play a game of bingo. Konstantin does not join them, instead working on a manuscript at his desk. After the group leaves to eat dinner, Konstantin hears someone at the back door. He is surprised to find Nina, whom he invites inside. Nina tells Konstantin about her life over the last two years. Konstantin says that he followed Nina. She starts to compare herself to the gull that Konstantin killed in Act II, then rejects that and says "I am an actress." She tells him that she was forced to tour with a second-rate theatre company after the death of the child she had with Trigorin, but she seems to have a newfound confidence. Konstantin pleads with her to stay, but she is in such disarray that his pleading means nothing. She embraces Konstantin, and leaves. Despondent, Konstantin spends two minutes silently tearing up his manuscripts before leaving the study.

The group reenters and returns to the bingo game. There is a sudden gunshot from off-stage, and Dorn goes to investigate. He returns and takes Trigorin aside. Dorn tells Trigorin to somehow get Arkadina away, for Konstantin has just shot himself.

Performance history

Premiere in St. Petersburg
The first night of The Seagull on 17 October 1896 at the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Petersburg was a disaster, booed by the audience. The hostile audience intimidated Vera Komissarzhevskaya so severely that she lost her voice. Some considered her the best actor in Russia who, according to Chekhov, had moved people to tears as Nina in rehearsal. The next day, Chekhov, who had taken refuge backstage for the last two acts, announced to Suvorin that he was finished with writing plays. When supporters assured him that later performances were more successful, Chekhov assumed they were just being kind. The Seagull impressed the playwright and friend of Chekhov Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, however, who said Chekhov should have won the Griboyedov prize that year for The Seagull instead of himself.

Moscow Art Theatre production

Nemirovich overcame Chekhov's refusal to allow the play to appear in Moscow and convinced Stanislavski to direct the play for their innovative and newly founded Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. Stanislavski prepared a detailed directorial score, which indicated when the actors should "wipe away dribble, blow their noses, smack their lips, wipe away sweat, or clean their teeth and nails with matchsticks", as well as organising a tight control of the overall mise en scène. This approach was intended to facilitate the unified expression of the inner action that Stanislavski perceived to be hidden beneath the surface of the play in its subtext. Stanislavski's directorial score was published in 1938.

Stanislavski played Trigorin, while Vsevolod Meyerhold, the future director and practitioner (whom Stanislavski on his death-bed declared to be "my sole heir in the theatre"), played Konstantin, and Olga Knipper (Chekhov's future wife) played Arkadina. The production opened on 17 December 1898 with a sense of crisis in the air in the theatre; most of the actors were mildly self-tranquilised with Valerian drops. In a letter to Chekhov, one audience member described how:

Nemirovich-Danchenko described the applause, which came after a prolonged silence, as bursting from the audience like a dam breaking. The production received unanimous praise from the press.

It was not until 1 May 1899 that Chekhov saw the production, in a performance without sets but in make-up and costumes at the Paradiz Theatre. He praised the production but was less keen on Stanislavski's own performance; he objected to the "soft, weak-willed tone" in his interpretation (shared by Nemirovich) of Trigorin and entreated Nemirovich to "put some spunk into him or something". He proposed that the play be published with Stanislavski's score of the production's mise en scène. Chekhov's collaboration with Stanislavski proved crucial to the creative development of both men. Stanislavski's attention to psychological realism and ensemble playing coaxed the buried subtleties from the play and revived Chekhov's interest in writing for the stage. Chekhov's unwillingness to explain or expand on the script forced Stanislavski to dig beneath the surface of the text in ways that were new in theatre. The Moscow Art Theatre to this day bears the seagull as its emblem to commemorate the historic production that gave it its identity.

2001 Public Theatre
The Joseph Papp Public Theater presented Chekhov's play as part of the New York Shakespeare Festival summer season in Central Park from July 25, 2001 to August 26, 2001. The production, directed by Mike Nichols, starred Meryl Streep as Arkadina, Christopher Walken as Sorin, Philip Seymour Hoffman as Treplyov, John Goodman as Shamrayev, Marcia Gay Harden as Masha, Kevin Kline as Trigorin, Debra Monk as Polina, Stephen Spinella as Medvedenko, and Natalie Portman as Nina.

Other notable productions
Uta Hagen made her Broadway debut as Nina, at the age of 18, in a production with Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne in 1938 at the Shubert Theatre.

In November 1992, a Broadway staging directed by Marshall W. Mason opened at Lyceum Theatre, New York. The production starred Tyne Daly as Arkadina, Ethan Hawke as Treplyov, Jon Voight as Trigorin, and Laura Linney as Nina. In 1998, a production by Daniela Thomas, assisted by Luiz Päetow, toured Brazil under the title Da Gaivota, with Fernanda Montenegro as Arkadina, Matheus Nachtergaele as Treplyov, and Fernanda Torres as Nina.

In early 2007, the Royal Court Theatre staged a production of The Seagull starring Kristin Scott Thomas as Arkadina, Mackenzie Crook as Treplyov and Carey Mulligan as Nina. It also featured Chiwetel Ejiofor and Art Malik. The production was directed by Ian Rickson, and received positive reviews, including The Metro Newspaper calling it "practically perfect". It ran from January 18 to March 17, and Scott Thomas won an Olivier Award for her performance.

In 2007/2008, a production by the Royal Shakespeare Company toured internationally before coming into residence at the West End's New London Theatre until 12 January 2008. It starred William Gaunt and Ian McKellen as Sorin (who alternated with William Gaunt in the role, as McKellen also played the title role in King Lear), Richard Goulding as Treplyov, Frances Barber as Arkadina, Jonathan Hyde as Dorn, Monica Dolan as Masha, and Romola Garai as Nina. Garai in particular received rave reviews, The Independent calling her a "woman on the edge of stardom", and the London Evening Standard calling her "superlative", and stating that the play was "distinguished by the illuminating, psychological insights of Miss Garai's performance."

The Classic Stage Company in New York City revived the work on 13 March 2008 in a production of Paul Schmidt's translation directed by Viacheslav Dolgachev. This production was notable for the casting of Dianne Wiest in the role of Arkadina, and Alan Cumming as Trigorin.

On 16 September 2008, the Walter Kerr Theatre on Broadway began previews of Ian Rickson's production of The Seagull with Kristin Scott Thomas reprising her role as Arkadina. The cast also included Peter Sarsgaard as Trigorin, Mackenzie Crook as Treplyov, Art Malik as Dorn, Carey Mulligan as Nina, Zoe Kazan as Masha, and Ann Dowd as Polina.

In 2011, a new version directed by Golden Mask winner Yuri Butusov debuted at Konstantin Raikin's Satyricon theater, notable for its return to comedy and "Brechtian-style techniques." In 2017 and in coordination with Butusov, a production was filmed and subtitled in English by the Stage Russia project.

The Oregon Shakespeare Festival staged Seagull in the New Theatre from 22 February until 22 June 2012, adapted and directed by Libby Appel.

In 2014, a translation into Afrikaans under the title Die seemeeu, directed by Christiaan Olwagen and starring Sandra Prinsloo, was staged at the Aardklop arts festival in Potchefstroom.

In October 2014, it was announced that the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre would present a new version of The Seagull by Torben Betts in 2015. The play opened on 19 June 2015 and received critical acclaim for its design by Jon Bausor and the new adaptation by Betts.

In January 2015, Toronto's Crow's Theatre produced The Seagull in association with Canadian Stage and The Company Theatre. Helmed by Crow's Theatre's Artistic Director Chris Abraham, the creative team was composed of set and costume designer Julie Fox, lighting designer Kimberly Purtell and sound designer Thomas Ryder Payne. The Robert Falls adaptation, based on a translation by George Calderon, featured an all-star Canadian cast:

 Yanna McIntosh as Arkadina
 Philip Riccio as Konstantin
 Eric Peterson as Sorin
 Christine Horne as Nina
 Tara Nicodemo as Polina
 Tony Nappo as Shamrayev
 Bahia Watson as Masha
 Tom Rooney as Trigorin
 Tom McCamus as Dorn
 Gregory Prest as Medvedenko
 Marcus Jamin as Yakov

In March 2015, Hurrah Hurrah and the Hot Blooded Theatre Company presented The Seagull in an unused shop-front with the help of The Rocks Pop-up.

In 2016, Thomas Ostermeier, director of Berlin's Schaubühne theatre, directed The Seagull at the , Lausanne.

In 2017, a new version by Simon Stephens was staged at the Lyric Hammersmith in London, starring Lesley Sharp as Irina.

In 2020, Anya Reiss's adaptation of The Seagull began previews on 11 March in the Playhouse Theatre, starring Emilia Clarke as Nina and Indira Varma as Irina. The production was suspended on 16 March due to the COVID-19 pandemic but subsequently reopened at the Harold Pinter Theatre in July 2022 and ran until September. Also in 2020, the Auckland Theatre Company presented an on-line production during the COVID-19 lock down, using the device of a Zoom meeting for the stage. It was adapted by Eli Kent and Eleanor Bishop, who also directed it, with rehearsals and performances carried out online. It was well received by critics around the world, with The Scotsman declaring it one of the "best plays to watch online."

In March 2021, the Crane Creations Theatre Company led a play reading with its professional theatre artist team on its monthly Play Date. The Play Date aims to raise awareness and appreciation of playwrights from around the world.

Analysis and criticism

It has been remarked that the play was "a spectacle of waste" (such as at the beginning of the play when Medvedenko asks Masha why she always wear black, she answers "Because I'm in mourning for my life.").

The play also has an intertextual relationship with Shakespeare's Hamlet. Arkadina and Treplyov quote lines from it before the play-within-a-play in the first act (and this device is itself used in Hamlet). There are many allusions to Shakespearean plot details as well. For instance, Treplyov seeks to win his mother back from the usurping older man Trigorin much as Hamlet tries to win Queen Gertrude back from his uncle Claudius.

Translation
The Seagull was first translated into English for a performance at the Royalty Theatre, Glasgow, in November 1909. Since that time, there have been numerous translations of the text—between 1998 and 2004 alone there were 25 published versions. In the introduction to his own version, Tom Stoppard wrote: "You can't have too many English Seagulls: at the intersection of all of them, the Russian one will be forever elusive." In fact, the problems start with the title of the play: there's no sea anywhere near the play's settings, so the bird in question was in all likelihood a lake-dwelling gull such as the common gull (larus canus), rather than a nautical variant. In Russian both kinds of birds are named , simply meaning "gull", as in English. However, the title persists as it is much more euphonious in English than the much shorter and blunter "The Gull", which comes across as too forceful and direct to represent the encompassing vague and partially hidden feelings beneath the surface. Therefore, the faint reference to the sea has been seen as a more fitting representation of the intent of the play.

Some early translations of The Seagull have come under criticism from modern Russian scholars. Marian Fell's translation, in particular, has been criticized for its elementary mistakes and total ignorance of Russian life and culture. Peter France, translator and author of the book The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, wrote of Chekhov's multiple adaptations:

Notable English translations

Adaptations

Theatre
The American playwright Tennessee Williams adapted the play as The Notebook of Trigorin, which premiered in 1981. That year, Thomas Kilroy's adaptation, The Seagull also premiered at the Royal Court Theatre in London. The Canadian playwright Daniel MacIvor wrote an adaptation called His Greatness.

In 2004, American playwright Regina Taylor's African-American adaptation, Drowning Crow, was performed on Broadway.

Emily Mann wrote and directed an adaptation called A Seagull in the Hamptons. The play premiered at the McCarter Theatre May 2008.

Libby Appel did a new version that premiered in 2011 at the Marin Theatre in Mill Valley using newly discovered material from Chekhov's original manuscripts. In pre-Revolutionary Russia, plays underwent censorship from two sources, the government censor and directors. The removed passages were saved in the archives of Russia, and unavailable till the fall of the Iron Curtain.

In 2011, Benedict Andrews re-imagined the work as being set in a modern Australian beach in his production of the play at Sydney's Belvoir Theatre, which starred Judy Davis, David Wenham and Maeve Darmody. He did this to explore the ideas of liminal space and time.

In October 2011, it was announced that a contemporary Hamptons-set film adaptation, Relative Insanity, will be directed by the acting coach Larry Moss, starring David Duchovny, Helen Hunt, Maggie Grace and Joan Chen.

In 2013, a deconstruction of the play by Aaron Posner, set in the modern day under the title Stupid Fucking Bird, was premiered at the Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company in Washington, D.C.; it won the 2014 Charles MacArthur Award for Outstanding New Play or Musical and has been staged widely across American theatres.

A 2022 gender fluid adaptation of the Tom Stoppard version was completed by the Doris Place Players to great success in Los Angeles.

In 2022, Emilia Clarke starred in Anya Reiss' adaption in Harold Pinter Theatre in London. It was described as a unique 21st century modernisation.

Thomas Bradshaw wrote a modern day adaptation set in New York's Hudson Valley entitled The Seagull/Woodstock, NY. The play was produced Off-Broadway by The New Group in 2023 and starred Parker Posey, Nat Wolff, Ato Essandoh, and Hari Nef.

Film
Sidney Lumet's 1968 film The Sea Gull used Moura Budberg's translation. The play was also adapted as the Russian film The Seagull in 1972.

The 2003 film La petite Lili from director Claude Miller, starring Ludivine Sagnier as Nina renamed Lili, updates Chekhov's play to contemporary France in the world of the cinema.

Christian Camargo directed a 2014 film adaptation of the play, titled Days and Nights, set in rural New England during the 1980s. The film starred Camargo, William Hurt, Allison Janney, Katie Holmes, Mark Rylance, and Juliet Rylance.

An American film titled The Seagull went into production in 2015. It was released on May 11, 2018, by Sony Pictures Classics; directed by Michael Mayer with a screenplay by Stephen Karam, starring Annette Bening and Saoirse Ronan.

A contemporary Afrikaans-language film adaptation directed by Christiaan Olwagen, titled Die Seemeeu, debuted at the Kyknet Silwerskermfees on 23 August 2018. Cintaine Schutte won the Best Supporting Actress award for her portrayal of Masha.

Opera
The play was the basis for the 1974 opera The Seagull by Thomas Pasatieri to an English libretto by Kenward Elmslie.

Musical
The 1987 musical Birds of Paradise by Winnie Holzman and David Evans is a metatheatrical adaptation, both loosely following the original play and containing a musical version of the play as the Konstantin equivalent's play.

In 2015, the play was adapted into Songbird, a country musical by Michael Kimmel and Lauren Pritchard.  Songbird sets its story in Nashville and centers around Tammy Trip, a fading country star.  Tammy returns to the honky tonk where she got her start to help her estranged son launch his own music career.  The show was produced at 59E59 Theaters and featured Kate Baldwin and Erin Dilly.  It was recognized as a New York Times Critic's Pick.

Ballet
It was made into a ballet by John Neumeier with his Hamburg Ballet company in June 2002. This version re-imagined the main characters as coming from the world of dance. Arkadina became a famous prima ballerina, Nina was a young dancer on the brink of her career. Konstantin appeared as a revolutionary young choreographer and Trigorin as an older, more conventional choreographer.

An earlier ballet in two acts, by Russian composer Rodion Shchedrin, was first performed at the Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow in 1980.

References

Notes

Sources

External links

 Full text of The Seagull in the original Russian
 Cast List of 2007/8 RSC Production

 The 120th Anniversary of Chekhov's The Seagull

1896 plays
Plays by Anton Chekhov
Plays adapted into operas
Plays adapted into ballets
Russian plays adapted into films
Tragedy plays

The Seagull


Scurtcircuit (în engleză Fault Condition) este un film dramatic românesc lansat în anul 2018, regizat și produs de Cătălin Saizescu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de Maruca Băiașu, Manuel Nicolae, Oana Ștefănescu, Magda Catone, Georgiana Saizescu, Constantin Florescu, Nicodim Ungureanu, Paula Chirilă, Adrian Hostiuc, Valentin Popescu, Iulian Enache, Adrian Văncică, cu participarea lui Dorel Vișan, Maia Morgenstern, Ionel Mihailescu, Doru Ana și Claudiu Bleonț. Este o adaptare a evenimentelor incendiului produs la Maternitatea Giulești din Capitală în data de 16 august 2010.

Conform lui Saizescu, dorința de a realiza acest film a venit după ce regizorul a simțit că este nevoie urgentă de schimbări majore în mentalitatea și în sistemul românesc. Bugetul de 200.000 de euro al filmului a fost obținut cu dificultate, iar mulți actori din distribuție au renunțat la plată, în semn de respect pentru film și pentru mesajul acestuia. Filmările s-au desfășurat, în mare parte, la fostul spital Caritas din București, aflat din anul 2011 în proces de dezafectare. Pelicula a fost finanțată de Nerv Film, casa de producție a regizorului Saizescu, fonduri venind și de la Centrul Național al Cinematografiei, diferite societăți comerciale, dar și de la persoane private. Distribuitorul filmului este Cinemagix ID, iar încasările vor fi donate pentru dotarea cu incubatoare a spitalelor de copii. Filmul este dedicat victimelor acestei tragedii, victimelor de la incendiul ce a avut loc în clubul Colectiv (acolo unde au murit și câțiva dintre realizatorii acestui film) și tatălui regizorului, Geo Saizescu, victimă al aceluiași sistem.

Înainte de lansarea din România de pe 23 decembrie 2018, Scurtcircuit a avut premiera la ediția a 20-a a Festivalului Internațional de Film de la Shanghai, care s-a defășurat între 17 și 26 iunie 2017. Într-un juriu în care a prezidat regizorul român Cristian Mungiu, filmul a fost desemnat câștigător la subcategoria Cea mai bună contribuție artistică din cadrul categoriei Pocalul de Aur.

Sinopsis

Povestea filmului este redată în paralel, fiind prezentate evenimentele anterioare și ulterioare incendiului.

Anterior

La Maternitatea Giulești din Capitală, într-un salon din cadrul Secției de Neonatologie, electricianul spitalului repară aparatul de aer condiționat.

Melania, o elevă în vârstă de 15 ani, dintr-o familie modestă, cu un tată fără serviciu, de la un liceu din Capitală, și colegul ei, Emi, petrec o noapte romantică cu ocazia zilei de naștere a fetei. Într-o zi, Melania leșină în timp ce se afla la școală, dar își revine după câteva minute. Ulterior, se află că fata este însărcinată în luna a cincea. Luminița, mama Melaniei, femeie de serviciu la Liceu și mama lui Emi, profesoară în cadrul Liceului, discută despre ce vor face în continuare. Luminița sugerează un test de paternitate pentru Emi, de vreme ce, spune ea, Emi este singurul băiat cu care Melania a petrecut mai mult timp în ultima vreme, dar mama lui Emi refuză categoric acest lucru și sugerează ca Melania să renunțe la școală și să rămână acasă până se va naște copilul, de vreme ce scandalul izbucnit va face ca ele două să își piardă slujbele. Părinții Melaniei locuiesc cu chirie, într-o garsonieră veche, iar dacă ambii părinți vor rămâne fără slujbă, aceștia vor fi evacuați. După ce copilul se va fi născut, Melania se va putea întoarce la școală să își termine studiile. Lui Emi i se va spune că Melania a fost diagnosticată cu hepatită și că a decis să se mute undeva la țară, la bunicii ei.

Cornel și Raluca Pandele, o familie de spanioli de origine română, vin în România pentru a adopta un copil și pentru a-l crește în Spania. La început, directorul Oficiului de Adopție, văzând că familia este pretențioasă și chiar rasistă în alegerea copilului, este reticent în a colabora cu aceștia și le spune că nu au dreptul să adopte în mod legal un copil în România. Dar, la sugestia bărbatului ca directorul să primească mită, acesta le menționează un tertip prin care ei pot deveni părinți adoptivi și le conferă un cadru legal pentru cumpărarea unui bebeluș. Directorul îi pune în legătură cu părinții Melaniei. Cu o reținere din partea Melaniei, familia Pandele propune o sumă pentru cumpărarea bebelușului, iar familia fetei o acceptă.

Înapoi la spital, asistenta Mihaela Suveică iese din salonul cu bebeluși pentru a merge la un grup sanitar, lăsând camera goală, de vreme ce ea se afla singură de gardă în acel moment. În plânsetele bebelușilor, o scânteie se aprinde la aparatul de aer condiționat. Pe drumul de întoarcere, Mihaela se întâlnește cu o asistentă, de la un alt salon cu bebeluși, care plânge și se oferă să o ajute. Mihaela nu mai apucă să se întoarcă în salonul ei.

Ulterior

Scânteia de la aparatul de aer condiționat din cameră face ca salonul să fie cuprins de flăcări, iar prima persoană care simte miros de fum este o asistentă din spital. Aceasta ajunge în fața ușii salonului. Din păcate, ușa este încuiată cu cod și nu poate fi deschisă. Asistenta începe să țipe după ajutor, iar după câteva momente, explozia se produce. Asistentele și mămicile se grăbesc spre locul de unde s-a auzit explozia. Mămicile încep să țipe și să plângă, iar una dintre asistente se duce la un medic pentru a cere ajutor. Medicul ajunge, iar în acest moment, este inițiat primul apel către Salvare. Ulterior, sunt sunați și anunțați doctori și medici din întregul spital.

Pompierii își fac apariția și, în țipetele disperate ale mămicilor, dărâmă ușa salonului. Incubatoarele sunt deschise cu dificultate din cauza căldurii excesive, iar pompierii sunt nevoiți să manevreze cu grijă copilașii, deoarece deconectarea de la aparate înseamnă moarte directă, de vreme ce aceștia nu au plămânii suficient dezvoltați pentru a respira pe baza propriilor forțe. Pompierii renunță la măștile cu oxigen pentru a le pune pe fața bebelușilor și încep să îi evacueze din spital, pentru a fi transferați către spitalele de Arși.

Mihaela este scoasă de pompieri în afara spitalului, în înjurăturile violente ale mămicilor. Acasă, izbucnește în plâns și se învinovățește pentru moartea bebelușilor. Pe parcurs, părinții copiilor decedați sunt chemați la spital și sunt anunțați despre tragedie. În urma arsurilor care au cauzat desfigurări complete și distrugerea etichetelor de pe mâini, se produc confuzii în legătură cu identitatea copiilor. Unii părinți trec de la agonie la extaz după ce le este spus că bebelușii lor s-ar putea afla încă în viață. În schimb, alții încearcă să se resemneze cu tragedia și doresc să își înmormânteze creștinește copiii, dar sunt refuzați de preoți deoarece bebelușii nu au fost încă botezați.

O anchetă demarată îi aduce în fața procurorilor pe: Mihaela, care își cere scuze pentru că a ieșit din salon pentru a folosi grupul sanitar; pe electricianul spitalului, care le spune acestora că a anunțat de mult timp că aparatul de aer condiționat este vechi, dar a primit răspuns că nu există fonduri suficiente pentru reparații; pe directorul spitalului, care consideră că sistemul medical corupt din România este adevăratul autor al acestei tragedii; și pe directorul tehnic al spitalului, care afirmă că avea la cunoștință faptul că ultima revizie a aparatului de aer condiționat avusese loc cu 11 ani în urmă, dar și că asistenta Mihaela asigura singură tura de 12 ore de mai bine de cinci ani. Directorul tehnic mai menționează și că, în urmă transferului de atribuții dintre Ministerul Sănătății, prin Primăria Capitalei, și Primăria Sectorului 6, modernizarea spitalului, proiectată în anul 2004, nu a mai avut loc.

Melania este prezentă în fața spitalului pentru a afla vești despre copilul ei și își sună mama pentru a-i povesti evenimentele de la fața locului. Ea află ulterior că bebelușul ei, o fetiță, a murit. Mama lui Emi vine acasă de la serviciu în ziua tragediei și hotărăște să îl anunțe pe fiul ei despre ce s-a întâmplat cu adevărat cu Melania. În acele momente, băiatul este sunat de un coleg pentru a-i spune că Melania a apărut la televizor și că se află în fața spitalului din Giulești. Cumulat cu cele spuse de către mama sa, Emi devine extrem de nervos, crezând că totul este o glumă, și dorește să afle adevărul. În ciuda insistențelor mamei sale de a o lăsa pe fată în pace, băiatul hotărăște să meargă la spital pentru a afla mai multe despre ce s-a întâmplat cu Melania în tot acest timp. Acolo, el află adevărul și, când mama sa ajunge în curtea spitalului, o ia și o duce pe Melania la un prieten de-al său, pe nume Achi. Mama lui Emi se întâlnește cu familia Pandele, care o anunță că nu mai dorește copilul și că vrea banii înapoi. Mama lui Emi le spune că acest lucru nu este posibil, moment în care Cornel Pandele se enervează. Ulterior, familia decide să caute în altă parte.

O echipă de medici din Israel vine la București pentru a analiza situația și dorește să îi transfere pe bebeluși în țara lor. În urma unei discuții cu medicii români, se constată că această soluție nu este viabilă.

Melania și Emi înnoptează la Achi. A doua zi, tatăl lui Achi o vede pe Melania pe acoperișul blocului, încercând să se sinucidă. Tatăl îi cheamă pe băieți și urcă într-acolo. Văzând că nu poate ajunge la un consens, Emi i se alătură fetei, spunându-i că, dacă ea se va arunca, același lucru îl va face și el, de vreme ce copilul era al amândurora. În acest moment, filmul se încheie.

Note adiționale

Conform textului de la final, cinci bebeluși au rămas cu arsuri grave, iar șase au murit în urma tragediei. Sentința definitivă a Curții de Apel București a fost:
 Asistenta Florentina Cîrstea a fost condamnată la doi ani și două luni de închisoare cu executare pentru că a lipsit 4 minute din salon
 Directorul spitalului, Bogdan Marinescu, a fost condamnat la șase luni de închisoare cu suspendare cu un termen de încercare de doi ani și șase luni
 Electricianul Gigel Oprea a fost condamnat la un an de închisoare cu suspendare
 Despăgubiri în valoare totală de 4,3 milioane de euro

Distribuție

Vezi și
 2018 în film

Referințe

Legături externe
Site oficial

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2018
Filme regizate de Cătălin Saizescu

Scurtcircuit (film din 2018)


Seasons of the Black dvadeseti i drugi je studijski album njemačkog heavy metal-sastava Rage. Diskografska kuća Nuclear Blast Records objavila ga je 28. srpnja 2017.

Popis pjesama

Zasluge

 Rage

 Peter "Peavy" Wagner – vokali, bas-gitara, produkcija
 Marcos Rodríguez – gitara, dodatni vokali, produkcija, inženjer zvuka
 Vassilios "Lucky" Maniatopoulos – bubnjevi, dodatni vokali, produkcija

 Ostalo osoblje

 Dan Swanö – miks, mastering
 Karim König – naslovnica
 Germán Gonzales – fotografije
 Chritoph "Brat" Tkocz – inženjer zvuka

Izvori

Albumi sastava Rage
Albumi iz 2017.

Seasons of the Black