Gwangju (korejski izgovor: [kwaŋ.dʑu]) šesti je po veličini grad u Južnoj Koreji.

To je metropolitanski grad pod izravnom kontrolom ministra unutarnjih poslova središnje vlade. Grad je bio glavni grad provincije Južna Jeolla, sve dok se provincijski ured nije preselio u južno selo Namak u okrugu Muan 2005. godine, jer je Gwangju unaprijeđen u metropolitanski grad i postao je neovisan o provinciji Južna Jeolla.

Ime mu se sastoji od riječi Gwang (korejski: 광; Hanja: 光) što znači "svjetlost" i Ju (주; 州) što znači "pokrajina". Gwangju je povijesno zabilježen kao Muju (무주; 武 州), književnom djelu Samguk Sagi. U srcu poljoprivredne regije Jeolla, grad je poznat i po bogatoj i raznovrsnoj kuhinji.

Grad je osnovan 57. pr.Kr. Bio je jedno od administrativnih središta Baekjea tijekom razdoblja Tri kraljevstva Koreje.

1929. godine, tijekom razdoblja carske japanske vladavine, sukob korejskih i japanskih studenata u gradu pretvorio se u Pokret studentske neovisnosti Gwangjua, regionalnu demonstraciju, koja je kulminirala jednim od glavnih pobuna u cijeloj zemlji protiv japanske okrutnosti imperijalista iz Japana tijekom kolonijalnog razdoblja.

Moderna industrija uspostavljena je u Gwangju izgradnjom željeznice do Seula. Neke od industrija koje su se razvile uključuju pamučni tekstil, mlinice za rižu i pivovare. Izgradnja industrijske zone 1967. potaknula je rast industrije, posebno u sektorima povezanim s automobilskom industrijom.

Gwangju je bio domaćin mnogih sportskih događaja kao što su: Svjetsko prvenstvo u nogometu – Južna Koreja i Japan 2002., Ljetna univerzijada 2015., Svjetsko prvenstvo u vodenim športovima 2019.

Gradovi u Južnoj Koreji

Gwangju


Tallah est un groupe de nu metal de Pennsylvanie. Ils sont actuellement signés chez Earache Records.

Biographie
Fondé en 2017, Tallah a été créé par le batteur Max Portnoy. le guitariste Derrick Schneider et le bassiste Andrew Cooper l'ont tous deux rejoint, après qu'il leur ai demandé. Ils ont ensuite recruté 2 guitaristes rythmique: AJ Wisniewski et Nick Malfara et ont auditionné plusieurs chanteurs/euses, mais sans réel succès car ce n'était pas ce que Max recherchait.

Portnoy connaissait le chanteur Justin Bonitz via ses chaines YouTube Hungry Lights et Hungry Covers, alors il demanda à son père Mike Portnoy, de contacter Justin afin de le recruter dans le groupe, ce qu'il fit et Bonitz rejoigna le groupe le  janvier 2018.

Fin 2017, le groupe avait déjà enregistré un maquette instrumentale pour leur EP No One Should Read This et en une semaine, Justin avait déjà écrit les paroles ainsi qu'enregistré ses voix pour chaque morceau. Leur premier concert était le 7 janvier 2018, au St Vitus Bar de Brooklyn, à New York, à ce moment le groupe est alors composé de six membres, dont 3 guitaristes.

Lors de leur première tournée, en mai 2018, le groupe a sorti un clip pour leur premier single, "Placenta". L'un des trois guitaristes est parti, ils ont alors continué à cinq. En juin 2018, AJ quitte le groupe et sera remplacé par Eric Novroski comme nouveau guitariste rythmique. En août 2018, ils sortent un clip pour leur chanson « Cottonmouth » et leur EP, No One Should Read This . Le 25 avril 2019, le groupe annonce avoir signé avec Earache Records . Le 18 juillet 2019, le groupe joue un concert au Lizard Lounge à Lancaster, en Pennsylvanie, au cours duquel un Bonitz endiablé a grimpé au plafond de la salle. Un agent de sécurité lui a dit de descendre, ce qui a conduit le chanteur à donner des coups de poing et de pied au garde. Il affirme qu'il ne savait pas que la personne était un agent de sécurité et qu'ils l'ont d'abord violemment attrapé alors qu'il était encore suspendu à une poutre en I. Il a ensuite été arrêté avant d'être libéré sous caution. Le groupe sort  un clip pour la chanson "Red Light" le 21 janvier 2020 et a annonce qu'ils entrent en studio avec Josh Schroeder. En octobre 2019, le groupe se sépare d'Eric, et en janvier 2020, ils vont en studio en tant que quatuor, avec Alizé "Mewzen" Rodriguez en tant que DJ non officiel. Le 18 février 2020, ils annoncent leur nouvel album intitulé Matriphagy . Tallah a révélé la liste des chansons de l'album et la date de sortie du 2 octobre 2020, puis a sorti le single "The Silo" le 5 juin 2020.

Tallah sort le  octobre 2020 une courte vidéo de concert pendant lequel ils jouent "Matriphagy" entièrement. C'est à ce moment qu'ils annoncent que Mewzen est, à partir de maintenant un membre à part entière et qu'Alex Snowden devient le nouveau guitariste rythmique.

le  avril 2021, ils annoncent l'EP "Talladdin" avec en premier single "Friend Like Me". Cet EP, exclusif à leur page Patreon regroupe 5 reprises de la bande original d'Aladdin.

Le 17 août 2021, ils sortent le nouveau single "Vanilla Paste" accompagné d'un clip. Sur ce morceau on retrouve les chanteurs: Grand Hood de Guerilla Warfare, AJ Channer de Fire From the Gods et Tom Barber de Chelsea Grin. Le 21 novembre, ils se séparent de leur bassiste Andrew Cooper, deuxième membre fondateur, leur vision musicale étant trop différente pour continuer ensemble.

Membres
Membres actuels

 Justin Bonitz - chant (2018-maintenant)
 Max Portnoy - batterie, percussions (2017-maintenant)
 Derrick Schneider - Guitare principale (2017-maintenant)
 Alex Snowden - guitare rythmique (2020-maintenant)

Anciens membres

 Nick Malfara - guitare rythmique (2017-2018)
 AJ Wisniewski - guitare rythmique (2017-2018)
 Eric Novroski - guitare rythmique (2018-2019)
 Andrew Cooper - basse (2017-2021)
 Alizé "Mewzen" Rodriguez - platines, samples, clavier/synthétiseur (2020-2023)

Membres de tournée actuels

 Mark Naples - basse (2021-maintenant)
 Joel McDonald - batterie (2022-maintenant)

Albums

 Matriphagy (2020)
 The Generation of Danger (2022)

EPs

 No One Should Read This (2018)
 Talladdin (2021)

Singles

 "Placenta" (2018 | EP Version)
 "Cottonmouth" (2018 | EP Version)
 "We, The Sad" (2019 | EP Version)
 "Red Light" (2019 | EP Version)
 "The Silo" (2020)
 "We, The Sad" (2020)
 "Red Light" (2020)
 "Placenta" (2020)
 "Overconfidence" (2020)
 "L.E.D." (2020)
 "No One Should Read This" (2020)
 "Gooba" (2020)
 "Overconfidence (Remixed by Teru)" (2020)
 "Friend Like Me" (2021)
 "Vanilla Paste" (2021)
 "Telescope" (2022)
 "The Impressionist" (2022)

Index

Groupe américain de nu metal
Artiste d'Earache Records
Groupe musical formé en 2018

Tallah


ද චේන්ජිං ව'ල්ඩ් ඕඩ': වයි නේෂන්ස් සක්සීඩ් ඇන්ඩ් ෆේල් 2021දී පලවූ පොතකි.

ලේඛකයාට අනුව, රටක සාර්ථකත්වය චක්‍රාකාර අතර ව්‍යාපාරික චක්‍ර මෙන් අධිරාජ්‍යයන්ටද චක්‍ර ඇත. එබැවින් රටකට සදාකාලිකව පැවතිය නොවහැක.  ඔහුට අනුව ජාතියකත්වයක සාර්ථකත්වයේ වැදගත්ම සාධකය වන්නේ ඔවුන් අධ්‍යාපනය සඳහා කරන ආයෝජනයයි.[3]

මෙම කෘතිය සියවස් පහක ඉතිහාසය ආවරණය කරයි

ද චේන්ජිං ව'ල්ඩ් ඕඩ'


එන්ජිමක් යනු දීඇති යෙදවුමකින් කිසියම් ආකාරයක ප්‍රතිදානයක් නිපදවන යාන්ත්‍රික උපාංගයකි.

යුධ හමුදාමය එන්ජින් වලට වටලෑමට වුවමනා එන්ජින්,විශාල කැටපෝල , ගල් විදින සහ දොරක් හෝ ඇවුරුමක් බිඳිමට යොදාගන්නා බර මුගුරක් වැනිදේ අයත් වේ.

ඉන්ධන ප්‍රභවයක් චාලක ශක්ති ප්‍රතිදානයක් නිපදවීම අරමුණ කරගත් එන්ජිමක් , ප්‍රධාන සංචලකයක් ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.එසේ නැතිනම් මෝටරය යනු පෙර සැකසුම් කරන ලද "ඉන්ධන" (විදුලි බලය ,ද්‍රාව තරල ප්‍රවාහයක් හෝ සම්පීඩන වාතය වැනි) භාවිතයෙන් චාලක ශක්තිය නිපදවන උපාංගයකි.

එන්ජිම ප්‍රථමයෙන් භාඩ්හ දහන එන්ජිම හා අභ්‍යන්තර දහන එන්ජිම ලෙස වර්ග කෙරේ.

කාරයකට, ආරම්භක මෝටරය ,ඉදිරිපස වීදුරුව පිසදමන මෝටරය ,ඉන්ධන පොම්ප කිරීමේ මෝටරය සහ කාරය අභ්‍යන්තරයෙන් පැති කන්නාඩි ගැලපීමට භාවිතාවන සහ (මෝටර් සවි කරන ලද) රේඩියෝ ඇන්ටනාව අයත් වේ. නමුත් එන්ජිම යනු, කාරය පදවාගෙන යන විදුලි බලාගාරයයි.

තාක්ෂණයේ ඉතිහාසය

එන්ජිම


අබ්දල්අසීස් බූටෆ්ලීකා (;  ; 2 මාර්තු 1937 – 17 සැප්තැම්බර් 2021) 1999 වසරෙහි සිට  2019 වසරෙහිදී ඔහුගේ ඉල්ලා අස්වීම දක්වා වසර 20 ක් පමණ කාලයක් ඇල්ජීරියාවෙහි ජනාධිපතිවරයා  ලෙසින් සේවය කල ඇල්ජීරියානු දේශපාලනඥයෙකි.

අබ්දල්අසීස් බූටෆ්ලීකා


Investiția, din punct de vedere economic, reprezintă un plasament de capital pe termen lung în industrie, agricultură, comerț etc.

Mai explicit, investiția este efortul actual de alocare a unei cantități monetare făcut pentru efecte viitoare, create prin dezvoltare și modernizare, având ca sursă de finanțare renunțarea la consumuri actuale sigure, în favoarea unor consumuri viitoare mai mari și într-o structură modernă, mai aproape de opțiunile utilizatorilor, dar probabile.

Tipuri
Principalele categorii de investiții sunt:
investițiile tangibile/corporale - reprezintă cheltuieli pentru achiziție de utilaje și echipamente, construcții și altele similare, cu anumite excepții în ceea ce privește achiziția de teren.

investițiile intangibile/necorporale - reprezintă cheltuieli pentru cercetare – dezvoltare, crearea sau preluarea de rețele de distribuție pe piața națională sau europeană, cumpărare de patente și brevete.

investiții financiare - reprezintă orice plasament de capital (resurse bănești) executat de către un investitor (persoană fizică sau juridică), într-unul dintre sistemele investiționale oferite în cadrul economiei: titluri de stat, acțiuni, obligațiuni, investiții imobiliare, plasamente în fonduri mutuale, valută etc.

Se definește ca investiție inițială o investiție în active corporale și necorporale legată de crearea unei noi unități, extinderea unei unități existente, diversificarea producției unei unități prin realizarea de produse noi, suplimentare, schimbarea fundamentală a procesului global de producție a unei unități existente. Achiziționarea de acțiuni sau părți sociale emise de către o întreprindere nu constituie investiție inițială.

Vezi și
 Actuar
 Formule economice (matematică financiară)
 Funcție de acumulare
 Raționalizare (economie)
 Dobândă

Note

Legături externe

Investiție


Brijunski plenum je naziv za IV. plenum CK SKJ održan 1. srpnja 1966., na kojemu je uklonjen s položaja potpredsjednika SFRJ Aleksandar Ranković te ograničena velika moć Službe državne sigurnosti (SDB-a, bivše UDB-e). Ovim plenumom započeo je proces liberalizacije političkog i ekonomskog života i ekonomsko-političke reforme.

Proces liberalizacije političkog i ekonomskog života zaustavljen je 1968. ponovno intervencijom Službe državne sigurnosti u gušenju studentskih nemira. Za Hrvatskog proljeća 1971. i 1972. služba se ponovno eksponirala kao najvažniji element državne represije. Definitivno su učinci Brijunskog plenuma poništeni obnovom dogmatizma 1972.

Izvori

Povijest druge Jugoslavije

Brijunski plenum


Damaščanska vrata (hebr.: שער שכם, Sha'ar Shechem Vrata Sihema, arap.: باب العامود, Bab-al-Amud, Vrata stupa) vrata su na ulazu u jeruzalemske zidine Starog grada. Vrata je 1542. sagradilo Otomansko carstvo pod Sulejmanom Veličanstvenim. Kroz njih se dolazi izravno do muslimanske i kršćanske četvrti. Vrata imaju dvije kule koje su obe opremljene mašikulama. Nalaze se na ulazu na arapsku tržnicu. Za razliku od Vrata Jaffe, na vratima Damaska, stepenice se spuštaju prema vratima.

Vanjske poveznice

 Holy Land Photos:"Damascus Gate" Fotografije Damaščanskih vrata.

Jeruzalem

Damaščanska vrata


Erleuchtung garantiert (Enlightenment Guaranteed) is a 1999 German film directed by Doris Dörrie about two brothers, Uwe (Uwe Ochsenknecht) and Gustav (Gustav-Peter Wöhler), who travel to Japan in order to find themselves. The two plan to retreat for a while at the  Monastery in Monzen in the Noto Peninsula, well away from Tokyo. On their way there, in a rather literal Buddhist moment, the brothers lose all of their belongings. When they finally make it to the monastery, they find that even there, enlightenment can be elusive.

Plot
The film begins by detailing the troubled lives of the two brothers; each is experiencing a mid life crisis. With four young children, Uwe and his wife Petra find their obligations overburdening, having little compassion for the other's problems and constantly bickering. Uwe leaves for work after a particularly stressful morning, during which he once again argues with his wife; while at work as a real estate agent, his wife packs up most of their belongings and moves out. Uwe finds a note when he comes home and is immediately distressed to tears.

Meanwhile, his brother Gustav faces his own problems; though an enthusiast for Zen Buddhism, and outwardly more composed than his brother, Gustav's burdens are internal; he is afraid of making mistakes and also afraid of fear itself. Gustav plans a trip to a monastery in Monzen (far away from Tokyo) in order to find himself. Uwe, both greatly distressed and drunk, asks his brother to take him along. After much hesitation, Gustav agrees to buy his brother a ticket.

Production
Enlightment Guaranteed, though not a direct sequel to Dörrie's previous landmark 1985 film Men..., starred both the same actors (albeit as different characters) and a similarly existential storyline, and was occasionally billed as a sequel to the film.

External links

2000 films
2000s German-language films
Films about Buddhism
Films set in Japan
2000 comedy films
German comedy films
Japan in non-Japanese culture
2000s German films

Enlightenment Guaranteed


A rib vault or ribbed vault is an architectural feature for covering a wide space, such as a church nave, composed of a framework of crossed or diagonal arched ribs. Variations were used in Roman architecture, Byzantine architecture, Islamic architecture, Romanesque architecture, and especially Gothic architecture. Thin stone panels fill the space between the ribs. This greatly reduced the weight and thus the outward thrust of the vault. The ribs transmit the load downward and outward to specific points, usually rows of columns or piers. This feature allowed architects of Gothic cathedrals to make higher and thinner walls and much larger windows.

It is a type of arcuated, or arched, vault in which the severies, or panels in the bays of the vault's underside are separated from one another by ribs which conceal the groins, or the intersections of the panels. Rib vaults are, like groin vaults, formed from two or three intersecting barrel vaults; the ribs conceal the junction of the vaults.

The earliest surviving example in Islamic architecture is at the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba in al-Andalus, which predates the earliest Romanesque examples by a century. An alternative to barrel vaults in the naves of churches, rib vaults in 12th century early Gothic architecture began to be used in vaults made with pointed arches, already known in the Romanesque style. In these vaults, as in groin vaults, the weight was directed it to the corners, where piers, columns, or walls could support it. Walls in Gothic buildings were often abutted by flying buttresses. These elements made it possible to construct buildings with much higher and thinner walls than before, with immense bays, and larger stained glass windows filling the structure with light.

Cross vaults are constructed of narrow, arched ribs that diagonally cross the area to be covered. The severies can be filled with small pieces of masonry, eliminating much of the massive weight of barrel vaults. These rib vaults could also more efficiently cover large rectangular areas. Thanks to the pointed arch employed in Gothic architecture, builders could raise or lower the arches so they would have the same height for a short span or a long span, something not possible with round arches. Pointed arches also made two intersecting vaults of the same height but different widths easier to construct.

Early history

The Romans used an early version of the rib vault to strengthen groin vaults. In these Roman vaults, the brick ribs were embedded into the concrete of the vault. This was different from the later Gothic vaults, where the ribs were separate from the infilling of the panels, which gave the Gothic vaults flexibility and thus greater strength. The Romans also used these embedded ribs concealed within the structure to strengthen the concrete surface of domes, such as the Pantheon.

Rib vaults were not common in masonry buildings in Byzantine architecture, but four ribbed vaults were built by the Hosios Loukas monastery in Byzantine Greece after 1000 AD, and at the now ruined town Çanlı Kilise in Byzantine Cappadocia several groin vaults in medieval churches are equipped with ribs. A number of other rib vaults were built in Greece under the Frankokratia after the Fourth Crusade. Rib vaults were also known in Lombard, Armenian, Persian, and Islamic architecture.

Cross vaults

Islamic architecture
In the Moorish architecture of Spain, Islamic architects used these ribbed vaults more visibly. One notable example is found in the Great Mosque of Córdoba, which was begun in the 9th century and extended between 922 and 965 by Al-Hakam II. The Chapel of Villaviciosa, as this part of the mosque became known when it was converted to a Roman Catholic church in the 13th century, has a dome which rests upon ribs and pendentives. At each vertex of the square is the intersection with another arch, such that each intersection is the junction of three arches. At each corner is a further miniature cross-vault dome. In the other domes of the 10th century reconstruction of the Great Mosque, the ribs intersect one another off-centre, forming an eight-pointed star in the centre which is topped by a pendentive dome.

The crossed-arch vaults of the mosque-cathedral of Córdoba served as models for later mosque buildings in the Islamic West, including al-Andalus and the Maghreb. At around 1000 AD, the Mezquita de Bab al Mardum (Mosque of Cristo de la Luz) in Toledo was constructed with a similar, eight-ribbed vault. The dome is supported both by the ribs and by pendentives that transmit its weight to the walls below. Similar vaults are also seen in the mosque building of the Aljafería of Zaragoza. The architectural form of the ribbed vault was further developed in the Maghreb: the central dome of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen, a work of the Almoravids built in 1082, has twelve slender ribs, the shell between the ribs is filled with filigree stucco work. The Almohads also expanded its use to military structures, as exemplified in the Atalaya Castle in Villena.

Romanesque architecture
The rib vault was developed further in northern Europe in the 11th century, as builders sought a way to construct larger and larger stone vaults to replace the wooden roofs of Romanesque churches, which were frequently destroyed by fire. Romanesque cathedrals and churches usually used the barrel vault, with rounded arches, and the groin vault, used when two vaults met at a right angle to cover the nave. The weight of the vaults pressed down directly onto the walls below, requiring thicker walls and smaller windows.

Saint-Philibert de Tournus has exceptional Romanesque vaults, built between 1008 and 1050. The nave and chapel have parallel traverse tunnel vaults, while the aisles of both interiors are groin-vaulted.

Speyer Cathedral in Germany is the largest of all existing Romanesque churches in Europe, and has good examples of Romanesque barrel vaults and groin vaults in the nave. The groin vaults were built in 1060, and but had to be reinforced in 1090–1103 with a traverse arch between each arch.

The Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Normandy became centres of architectural innovation in the late 11th century. Even before the Norman Conquest in 1066, King Edward the Confessor of England had introduced Romanesque features to Westminster Abbey (1055–65). William the Conqueror constructed the domes of the Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen with a kind of crossed rib vault, a star vault, in its central lantern. The Abbaye-aux-Dames also in Caen, was roofed with two large bays of stone groin vaults in the 1080s, one of the earliest uses in Europe of a groin vault to cover such a wide span.

Transition to Gothic architecture
Construction of the new church at Durham Cathedral began in 1093 under the direction of its Norman bishop, William de St-Calais. It was originally intended to build the cathedral entirely with rounded-arch groin vaults, but as work continued on the nave the Norman builders experimented with pointed arches, which directed the weight outward and downwards. The space between the ribs was filled with severies made of small pieces of stone. At its corners the weight was supported by colonettes which transferred it downwards to alternating columns and piers below rather than to the walls. Since the panels are relatively thin, these rib vaults are lighter than the earlier barrel and groin vaults so the walls could be higher and could have larger windows.

The work began at the east end of Durham Cathedral; the vaults over the aisles were complete in 1096, and over the choir by 1107. The nave vaults, with pointed arches, were begun in about 1130. Thanks to the pointed arches, the upper level of the clerestory seemed to merge into the roof in a unified whole. The Durham experiment, however, quickly ran into problems. The vault panels in the chancel were made of plastered rubble, and were heavier than expected, and began to crack, and had to be replaced in 1235. In the meanwhile, experimentation in pointed rib vaults moved to France, where thinner and lighter panels were made of small cut pieces of stone, rather than rubble.

The Romanesque Lessay Abbey in Normandy added early Gothic rib vaults in the choir in about 1098. which covered portions of the choir and nave. It was destroyed in World War II but rebuilt. The dome of the Romanesque Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge in England, begun in 1130, has ribs in the dome, though the dome rests upon pendentives, and the ribs were largely decorative. The Romanesque Cefalù Cathedral in the Norman Kingdom of Sicily, begun in 1148–1240, has a Romanesque rib vault.

The transition from Romanesque to Gothic can also be seen in the nave of Fontenay Abbey church (1147), where the round arches of the barrel vaults have been replaced by vaults with slightly pointed arches.

Other variations of rib vaults, usually with rounded arches, appeared in Lombardy in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, at the end of the 11th century, and in Southwest France at Moissac Abbey (11th-12th century). These were usually groin vaults, composed by joining two barrel vaults at right angles. Other types of vaults were decorative, such as the star vaults used to decorate the lantern tower on the roof of Caen Cathedral and Laon Cathedral, or the ribs on the interior of the dome of the Round Church in Cambridge (1130).

Sexpartite vaulting

In sexpartite vaulting, each bay was divided by thin stone ribs into six compartments. The intermediate ribs diagonally crossing the vault formed a pointed arch, and there was an additional intermediate pointed arch, which crossed from side to side. Since the ribs carried the weight, the panels of the vaults were made of small pieces of stone, and were much lighter than traditional barrel vaults. The ribs transmitted the weight outwards and downwards through slender columns to the piers on the lower level. The weight was not distributed equally; the additional weight of the diagonal traverse arches was supported by massive piers, while the intermediate crossing arch was supported by simple columns. Since the weight of the vaults was carried by the columns and piers, not the walls, the walls could be thinner and higher, and they could be filled with larger stained glass windows.

The sexpartite vault appeared almost simultaneously in England and France. The first cathedral to use sexpartite vaults was Durham Cathedral, begun in 1093. Durham was originally intended to be built with more traditional groin vaults. The vaults over the aisles were completed in 1096, those over the choir in 1107, these over the north transept and 1110. The traverse vaults of the nave, however, the arches over the south transept and nave, begun 1130, were given pointed arches. Early examples of sexpartite rib vaults are found at the Abbaye-aux-Hommes (begun 1066) and Abbaye-aux-Dames at Caen. It then appeared in Noyon Cathedral (begun 1131); the square Gothic porch of the Romanesque church of Vézelay Abbey in France (1132); Sens Cathedral (begun 1135); the choir of the Abbey of Saint-Denis (begun 1140); Notre-Dame de Paris (begun 1163); Bourges Cathedral; and Laon Cathedral. Ribbed vaults were built by William the Englishman at Canterbury Cathedral and in St Faith's Chapel in Westminster Abbey (1180).

Quadripartite vaulting
A new variation of rib vault appeared during the High Gothic: the four-part rib vault, which was used in Chartres Cathedral, Amiens Cathedral and Reims Cathedral. The ribs of this vault distributed the weight more equally to the four supporting piers below, and established a closer connection between the nave and the lower portions of the church walls, and between the arcades below and the windows above. This allowed for greater height and thinner walls, and contributed to the strong impression of verticality given by the newer Cathedrals. The 11th century Durham Cathedral (1093–1135), with the earlier six-part rib vaults, is  high. The 12th-century nave of Notre-Dame de Paris, also with six-part rib vaults, is 115 feet, or 35 meters high. The later Amiens Cathedral (built 1220–1266), with the new four-part rib vaults, has a nave that is  high. The tallest nave of all the Gothic Cathedrals is Beauvais Cathedral, though only a single bay was completed. It is  in height, slightly taller than the nave of St Peter's Basilica in Rome.

Complex rib vaults

Beginning in England with the Decorated Gothic style of the late 13th century, a variety of complex vaults emerged which incorporated purely decorative ribs in addition to structural ones. Vaults would continue to increase in complexity in the Perpendicular period, and similarly extravagant rib vaulting would appear in other late Gothic styles such as the Flamboyant in France and Sondergotik in Central Europe.

Tierceron vaults make use of tertiary ribs (tiercerons) in addition to the main structural ribs of the regular quadripartite vault. This can be seen in the Decorated Gothic nave of Exeter Cathedral, begun in 1310; the massive vault has a profusion of tierceron ribs like palm leaves, with as many as eleven tiercerons curving upward from a single springer. An octagonal tierceron vault completed in 1306 roofs the chapter house of Wells Cathedral, where 32 ribs spring from a single central pillar. At Ely Cathedral (1322–1342), tiercerons decorate the (wooden) vault of the octagonal lantern over the crossing.

Lierne vaults also feature prominently in the Decorated and Perpendicular Gothic architecture of England. Liernes are very short decorative ribs that connect one rib to another. Most lierne vaults incorporate both liernes and tiercerons, resulting in intricate designs resembling stars, webs, nets, or other patterns. The Perpendicular Gothic choir of Gloucester Cathedral features an extremely complex net-like vault covered completely in liernes, while the Lady Chapel of Ely Cathedral has a vault of liernes concentrated mainly around the centreline of the ceiling.

The Perpendicular Gothic fan vault is a unique type of rib vault particular to England. The ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan. Thus, unlike gothic vaults derived from pointed arches, the fan vault is composed of semicircular conoids. The earliest example of fan vaulting is in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral. The King's College Chapel, Cambridge, has the world's largest fan-vaulted ceiling.

Function

The development of the rib vault was the result of the search for greater height and more light in the naves of cathedrals. In Romanesque cathedrals, the nave was typically covered by a series of groin vaults, which were formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults. The vaults pressed down directly onto the walls. The groin vaults were bombée, or roughly dome-shaped. To support the weight of the vaults, the walls had to be particularly thick, and windows were absent or very small. This problem was resolved in the early 11th century by the introduction of the Gothic rib vault.

Rib vaults are reinforced by a network of thin stone ribs (). In the first six-part vaults, the vault was supported by two diagonal crossing ribs, plus an intermediate rib, which together divided the vault into six sections. The diagonal ribs were in the form of semicircular arches, which raised the centre of the vault above the level of the transverse arches and wall ribs, and gave it the appearance of a small dome. (This kind of vault can be seen in the nave of Sant' Ambrogio, Milan). In some new churches, the architects dealt with the problem by raising the upper part of their arches was raised. This was tried in some of the earliest Gothic churches, notably the Abbaye-aux-Hommes and the Abbey of Lessay in Normandy.

The problem was ultimately solved by the introduction of the pointed arch for the transverse and dividing ribs of the vault. The pointed arch had long been known and employed, on account of its much greater strength and of the lessened thrust it exerted on the walls. When employed for the ribs of a vault, however narrow or wide the span might be, by adopting a pointed arch, its summit could be made to match the height of the diagonal ribs. The ribs carried the weight of the vault outwards and downwards. The ribs were bundled into columns, each combining four ribs, which descended the walls to the arcades on piers on the ground floor. Outside, the walls were given greater strength by the addition of heavy stone buttresses. The strength of rib vaults made it possible to have thinner walls, which in turn made it possible to have larger windows on the upper levels, filling the nave with light. They eventually made possible the enormous rose windows of Gothic cathedrals.

This six-part vault was successfully introduced in Noyon Cathedral, Laon Cathedral, and Notre-Dame de Paris. A single six-part vault could cover two traverse sections of the nave of Notre-Dame. However, the six-rib vault had its problems. The weight was not distributed evenly to the columns on the ground floor. When a vault covered two traverses, more massive piers were needed to bear the weight from the doubleaux, the diagonal ribs, than for the intermediate ribs. This problem was solved by simplifying the vault and eliminating the intermediate rib, making a four-part or quadripartite rib vault. Under this system, which was promptly used at Amiens Cathedral, Reims Cathedral and many others, each traverse section had just one four-part vault. This innovation, along with the use of the flying buttress, saw Gothic cathedral walls go higher and higher, with larger and larger windows.

The simplification of the rib vault was soon followed, particularly in England, by another tendency – to make them more complicated. One of the earliest examples of the introduction of the intermediate ridge rib is found in the nave of Lincoln Cathedral; This element, called a ridge rib, was not connected to the walls. Architects in England began adding new ribs, largely for decoration. In the nave of Exeter Cathedral three intermediate ribs were provided between the wall rib and the diagonal rib. In order to mask the junction of the various ribs, their intersections were ornamented with richly carved bosses, and this practice increased with the introduction of another short rib, known as lierne vaulting. The lierne, a term in France given to the ridge rib, in English refers to short ribs that cross between the main ones; these were employed chiefly as decorative features, for example in stellar vaults, one of the best examples of which is in the vault of the oriel window of Crosby Hall, London. Ribs came more and more numerous and more and more decorative leading to the extraordinarily elaborate and decorative fan vault, first used in the choir of Gloucester Cathedral.

Construction

The first step in the construction of a vault was a wooden scaffold up to the level of the top of the supporting columns. Next, a precise wooden frame was constructed on top of the scaffold in the exact shape of the ribs (). The stone segments of the ribs were then carefully laid into the frame and joined with mortar. When the ribs were all in place, the keystone was placed at the apex where they converged. Once the keystone was in place, the ribs could stand alone, supported by their weight pressing downwards and outwards. Workers then filled in the compartments between the ribs with small fitted pieces of brick or stone. The framework was removed. The masonry of the compartments was about 15 cm thick. Once the compartments were finished, their interior surface was plastered and then painted.

The construction of a medieval rib vault was a complex operation involving a team of specialized workers. The masons included hewers (), who cut the stone; , who set the stones in place; and layers (), who joined the pieces together with mortar. These craftsmen worked alongside carpenters who built the complex scaffolds and models.

See also
 Gothic architecture
 Gothic cathedrals and churches
 List of architectural vaults

Notes and citations

Bibliography

 Texier, Simon, (2012), Paris Panorama de l'architecture de l'Antiquité à nos jours, Parigramme, Paris (in French),

 Wenzler, Claude (2018), Cathédales Gothiques – un Défi Médiéval, Éditions Ouest-France, Rennes (in French)

Arches and vaults
Arab inventions
Spanish inventions

Rib vault


Peter John Collins (Kidderminster, Engleska, 6. studenog, 1931. – Bonn, Njemačka, 3. kolovoza, 1958.) je bivši britanski vozač automobilističkih utrka.

Rezultati u Formuli 1

Pobjede

Formula 1

Ostale pobjede

Utrke Formule 1 koje se nisu bodovale za prvenstvo

1955.
  VII BRDC International Trophy1957.
  VII Gran Premio di Siracusa
  X Gran Premio di Napoli

1958.
  X BRDC International TrophyOstale utrke1949.  Silverstone 100 Mile Race1951.  Goodwood Easter (Formula Libre)
  National Gamston (+1.95)
  National Croft
  National Gamston (+2.5/1.1s)1952.  9 Hours of Goodwood1953.  RAC Tourist Trophy1954.'''
  Whitsuntide Race
  WECC Trophy (Formula Libre)
  Woodcote Trophy

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Collins na racing-reference.info
http://www.racingsportscars.com/driver/results/Peter-Collins-GB.html

Britanski vozači Formule 1

Peter Collins


Tvis Å Dalbro er en dalbro der går henover Tvis Å øst for Holstebro.

Broen bære en firesporet motorvej (Holstebromotorvejen) primærrute 18, der går imellem Holstebro og Herning.

Broen går igennem landeskabet i ådalen, og skal sikre at hjorte og andre dyr, uforstyrret kan passere under motorvejen, og give mulighed for at dyrlivet og naturen, kan leve så uforstyrret som mulig når motorvejen er der.

Kilder

Vejbroer i Danmark
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Holstebro
Transport i Holstebro

Tvis Å Dalbro


Vai est un film néo-zélandais réalisé en 2019, par neuf réalisatrices des îles du Pacifique : Becs Arahanga, Amberley Jo Aumua, Matasila Freshwater, Dianna Fuemana, Mīria George, ʻOfa Guttenbeil, Marina Alofagia McCartney, Nicole Whippy et Sharon Whippy.

Description
Vai est un long métrage réalisé par neuf réalisatrices du Pacifique, tourné dans sept pays différents du Pacifique : Fidji, Tonga, Îles Salomon, Kūki 'Āirani, Samoa, Niue et Aotearoa. Pour tous ces pays du Pacifique, Vai signifie eau. Le film comprend huit séquences sur la transmission et la revendication de la culture. On y suit Vai, enfant ou femme dans son rapport à sa culture et à ses traditions. Les séquences explorent l'autonomisation, l'émancipation des femmes, les cultures et les traditions. Le film est présenté en ouverture au Festival de Berlin.

Projet
En 2017, Kerry Warkia et Kiel McNaughton par le biais de la maison de production Brown Sugar Apple Grunt lancent le projet Waru. Ce film est acclamé par la critique. Un mois après la sortie de Waru, Kerry Warkia et Kiel McNaughton projettent le projet Vai. En janvier 2018, Kerry Warkia et Kiel McNaughton contactent les cinéastes des îles du Pacifique, pour leur soumettre le projet. Les réalisatrices sélectionnées vivent cinq jours ensemble sur l'île Waiheke pour écrire le scénario.

Séquences du film
 Fifdji réalisé par Sharon et Nicole Whippy : Vai a sept ans. Elle doit dire au revoir à son pays d'origine et à sa famille.
 Tonga réalisé par ʻOfa Guttenbeil  : Vai âgée de 13 ans, rêve d'aller chanter en Nouvelle-Zélande. Sa vie quotidienne est rythmé par l'approvisionnement en eau potable.
 Îles Salomon, réalisé par Matasila Freshwater : Vai a maintenant 16 ans. Elle pêche avec sa mère au large des îles Salomon. Elles se disputent sur la façon de pêcher.
 Samoa, réalisé par Amberley Jo Aumua : Vai née à Samoa a 21 ans. Sa famille a fait des sacrifices pour qu'elle puisse poursuivre ses études à l'université en Nouvelle-Zélande.  Elle est tiraillée entre la pression familiale et ses études, dans une société qui n'est pas faite pour elle.
 Kūki 'Āirani réalisé par Mīria George : Vai s'implique et s'engage pour le changement sur son île de Rarotonga, loin du colonialisme.
 Samoa, réalisé par Marina McCartney :  Vai a maintenant 40 ans. Après avoir été absente pendant de nombreuses années, elle retourne aux îles Samoa.
 Niue, réalisé par Dianna Fuemana : Vai, a 64 ans. Elle essaie de convaincre sa petite-fille, Moana, de quitter l'île de Niue pour un autre avenir.
 Aotearoa réalisé par Becs Arahanga : Vai âgée de 80 ans célèbre le baptême de son arrière-petite-fille, Vai.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Vai
 Titre en anglais : Vai
 Réalisation : Becs Arahanga, Amberley Jo Aumua, Matasila Freshwater, Dianna Fuemana, Mīria George, Ofa Guttenbeil, Marina McCartney, Nicole Whippy et Sharon Whippy
 Scénario : Becs Arahanga, Amberley Jo Aumua, Matasila Freshwater, Dianna Fuemana, Mīria George, Ofa Guttenbeil, Marina McCartney, Nicole Whippy et Sharon Whippy
 Distribution : Waru film
 Pays d'origine : Nouvelle-Zélande
 Langue originale : fidjien, tongien, roviana, samoan, niuen, maori, anglais
 Durée : 88 minutes
 Dates de sortie : 2019

Prix
 meilleur scénario, Melbourne International Film Festival, 2019
 meilleur film, Seattle International Film Festival, 2019

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film néo-zélandais sorti en 2019
Film dramatique néo-zélandais
Film à sketches néo-zélandais

Vai (film)


115. brigada HVO "Zrinski", područje Tuzle
Brigada HVO Nikola Šubić Zrinski, Busovača

Brigada Zrinski


Seaview, a fictional nuclear submarine, was the setting for the 1961 motion picture Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, starring Walter Pidgeon, and later for the 1964–1968 ABC television series of the same title. In the film, Seaview fires a ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead to extinguish the Van Allen belt that was set on fire by a space cataclysm.

Historical background

The accomplishments of America's nuclear-powered submarines were major news items in the years before the film Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea was released. Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea was the third American science fiction film to feature such ships. The first two were It Came from Beneath the Sea (1955) and The Atomic Submarine (1960).

The submarine , commissioned in 1954, was the first nuclear-powered ship of any kind. In August 1958, she steamed under the Arctic ice cap to make the first crossing from the Pacific to the Atlantic via the North Pole. On 3 August 1958 she became the first ship to reach the North Pole.

On 17 March 1959, the nuclear submarine  became the first submarine to surface at the North Pole. While at the Pole, her crew scattered the ashes of Arctic explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins.

The film Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea begins with Seaview in the Arctic on the final phase of her sea trials, which include a dive under the Arctic ice cap.

 was commissioned on 20 December 1959 as America's first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN). On 20 June 1960, she made the first two submerged launches of the Polaris missile. She got underway on the first deterrent patrol on 15 November 1960.

Two milestones in underwater exploration were achieved in 1960, the year before the film Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea was released.

From February 16, 1960, to May 10, 1960, the submarine  made the first submerged circumnavigation of the world. Triton observed and photographed Guam extensively through her periscope during this mission, without being detected by the U.S. Navy on Guam.

In the film, Seaview's voyage to the firing point follows much of the same track that Triton took on her circumnavigation: south through the Atlantic Ocean, around Cape Horn, and then northwest across the Pacific Ocean to the firing point near Guam. Seaview's bow and stern are radically different from Triton's, but Seaview's long, slim hull resembles the hull of Triton.

On January 23, 1960, Jacques Piccard and Lieutenant Don Walsh (USN), in the bathyscaphe Trieste, made the first descent to the bottom of the Challenger Deep. The Challenger Deep is the deepest surveyed spot in the world's oceans, and is located in the Mariana Trench, southwest of Guam.

History

For the motion picture version, scientist Admiral Harriman Nelson (USN-Ret) (Walter Pidgeon) was the designer/builder of the Seaview, operated under the auspices of the Bureau of Marine Exploration, United States Dept. of Science (per art director Herman Blumenthal).

In the context of the television series, the Seaview was one of several experimental submarines designed by Admiral Nelson (Richard Basehart), Director of the Nelson Institute of Marine Research, a top-secret government complex located in Santa Barbara, California, in the then-future years between 1973 and 1983. Seaview had two sister ships depicted in the television series, the Neptune (a variant of the same class as the Seaview destroyed late in the first season), and the virtually identical Angler (featured in the episode The Enemies). The Polidor, which was a prototype attack sub, was destroyed in the third episode of the series.

Seaview was prefixed "USOS" only in the 1961 film. The prefix "USOS" is spoken in a news report about the ship during the first minutes of the film, and when the ship's radio operator tries calling Washington, D.C. In Theodore Sturgeon's novelization of the film, "USOS" stood for United States Oceanographic Survey.

In the television series, the name Seaview was usually prefixed "S.S.R.N." (see below). Later writings explained that "SSRN" stood for Nuclear Submarine (SSN), Research (R) or SSRN, and was referred to by Admiral Nelson in at least one episode as "S.S.N.R. Seaview." However, in the pilot episode, "Eleven Days to Zero" (see below), Seaview's new commanding officer opens sealed orders addressed to "Commander Lee B. Crane, U.S.S. Seaview".

In the United States Navy, the hull classification symbol "SSRN" (without periods) would indicate a nuclear-powered radar picket submarine. Seaview was nuclear-powered, but no indication was ever given that she was equipped for radar picket missions. The hull classification symbol of a U.S. Navy ship is never written with periods after the letters. For example, the hull number of USS Triton (the only nuclear-powered radar picket submarine ever built for the United States Navy) is always written "SSRN-586", never "S.S.R.N.-586." There are at least six episodes of the series that show "S.S.R.N." written with the periods:
In "The Ghost of Moby Dick" (season 1, episode 14), "S.S.R.N. Seaview" appears in two places in the Observation Room: a name plate on the starboard bulkhead and a plan of the ship on the port bulkhead.
In "Cradle of the Deep" season 1, episode 25)  the name plate appears again showing "S.S.R.N. Seaview".  In addition, the plate indicates that her keel was laid on September 15 (year uncertain), and that she was commissioned on July 26, 1973.
In "The Creature" (season 1 episode 28), "S.S.R.N. Seaview" appears in the Observation Room, over guest star Leslie Nielsen's shoulder.
 In "Deadly Waters" (season 3, episode 7) we see the plaque yet again very clearly which clarifies the year her keel was laid and gives us a good view of the "ship's motto".
In "The Deadly Dolls" (season 4, episode 2), Professor Multiple (Vincent Price) studies the "Specifications of the S.S.R.N. Seaview" in Admiral Nelson's cabin, as he prepares to take over the ship.
In "Man of Many Faces" (season 4, episode 6), a crate addressed to "S.S.R.N. Seaview" is lowered by a crane into the Missile Room.

In the motion picture, Lee Crane (portrayed by Robert Sterling; originally the role was intended for David Hedison, who turned it down yet later accepted the same role for the television series) was the only Captain of the Seaview from its launch as "Nelson's Folly", as Congressman Llewellyn Parker (Howard McNear) described it. In the series, the first Captain of the Seaview was Commander John Phillips (portrayed by William Hudson). He was killed in "Eleven Days To Zero", which was the pilot episode of the series. Commander Lee Crane (David Hedison), on loan from the United States Navy, was picked to replace him. (Crane's rank was Commander, but he was usually addressed as "Captain" because he was the commanding officer of the ship.) Other crew included Executive Officer Lieutenant Commander Chip Morton (Robert Dowdell), Chief "Curley" Jones (Henry Kulky) (first season) and Chief  Sharkey (Terry Becker) (Season 2, 3 and 4). Crewman Kowalkski was played by Del Monroe, who played a similar character, "Kowski" in the feature film.

Design

Seaview's hull was designed to withstand a depth of , and in one episode survived a depth excursion approaching . The transparent-hull "window-section" bow of Seaview was not rounded like a traditional submarine but was faired into a pair of manta winglike, stationary bow planes (in addition to her more conventional sail planes). This was added after the original B-29-like front with twelve pairs of windows on two levels was modified for "Freudian anatomically analogous issues." In exterior shots, Seaview's bow had eight windows in the film and the first season of the television series, and four windows in seasons two through four of the series. The interior shots always showed only four windows although it did indeed imply two levels in the feature's scene with the giant octopus attack. Also in seasons two through four of the TV version, a pair of sliding metal "crash doors" shut across the face of the bow's observation deck to protect the four-window transparent surface in emergencies. In Theodore Sturgeon's novelization of the film, the windows are described as "... oversized hull plates which happen to be transparent." "They are incredibly strong because they are made of "X-tempered herculite", a top secret process developed by Nelson. To avoid a claustrophobic feeling during viewing of the 1961 feature film, Seaview's interior was considerably more spacious and comfortable than any real military submarine. This was further enlarged when the Flying Sub was added to the miniatures with an even more open set for the control room interior.

The stern had unconventional, lengthy, V-shape planes above the twin engine area. On the original Seaview design, a single, central skeg rudder was specified, as well as two trailing edge control surfaces similar to an aircraft V-tail; a combination elevator-rudder or "ruddervator" fitted to the Beechcraft Bonanza and other aircraft.  But on the filmed miniatures, the 8-foot-7-inch (103-inch; 262-centimeter) miniature had three rudders: one behind each nacelle and on the rearmost portion of the skeg (see "The Ghost of Moby Dick"). This functional skeg rudder was only fitted to the  miniature and non-operationally inferred on the  miniature and not at all on the  version, which had a fixed skeg.

Weapons
In both the film and the series, Seaview was armed with torpedoes and nuclear ballistic missiles. The series added anti-aircraft missiles to Seaview's armory. They were called "interceptor missiles" in the pilot episode, and "sea-to-air missiles" in the episode "Terror" (season 4, episode 10).

In seasons two through four of the series, the forward searchlight also housed a laser beam that could be used against hostile sea life or enemy vessels.

Seaview was also capable of electrifying the outer hull, to repel attacking sea life that were trying to destroy the ship. In the episode "Mutiny" (season 1, episode 18), Crane ordered the "attack generators" made ready to use this capability on a giant jellyfish.

Lastly, Seaview  was outfitted with an "ultrasonic" weapon capable of causing another submarine to implode, though special authorization was normally required to utilize it. ("The Death Ship", Season 2, Ep 22)

Defenses
Seaview′s hull was partially protected by an "electronic defense field". ("Rescue", Season 2, Ep 9) Additionally, in the film, when Seaview is attacked by another submarine, Admiral Nelson advises Captain Crane to dive into the Mariana Trench to escape, claiming that Seaview is the only submarine that can survive the pressure inside the trench. The attacking sub is crushed by the pressure when it follows Seaview into the trench.

Propulsion system and speed
Although never stated, it was implied that Seaview used some kind of aquatic jet engine, generally similar to the turbo-pumpjet engine developed by Tom Swift, Jr.  or the later magnetohydrodynamic engine used in the fictional submarine Red October.  This might possibly explain her speed (very fast for a submarine) and her penchant for dramatic emergency surfacing. The episode "A Time to Die" (season 4, episode 11) begins with Seaview being struck by a vibration from an unknown source. Nelson says, "I'd say it was a drive shaft bearing, if we used propellers." However, this contradicts an earlier episode: in "The Creature" (season 1, episode 28) the engine room reports that "drive shafts to the propellers are jammed." In the episode "Hail to the Chief" (season 1, episode 16), Seaview runs submerged at 40 knots from Norfolk, Virginia, to the Virgin Islands.

In the episode "The Ghost of Moby Dick," Dr. Walter Bryce (Edward Binns) says, "I thought these nuclear submarines made better speed underwater," and Nelson agrees with him. In the episode "The Return of the Phantom," Lieutenant Commander Morton states that, "Every man who's ever served aboard a nuclear sub knows they make better time when they're submerged."

Whether a submarine is faster submerged or on the surface depends on her hull design, not her power plant. America's early nuclear submarines were slightly faster submerged than on the surface because their hulls were streamlined in accordance with the Greater Underwater Propulsion Power Program (GUPPY). An "Albacore hull", which Seaview did not have, is necessary for submerged speed to be significantly higher than surface speed. , the real-life submarine whose hull Seaview most nearly resembles, was slower when submerged than on the surface.

In Theodore Sturgeon's novelization of the film Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Seaview is faster on the surface than underwater: "...the Captain ...proceeded on the surface, where it was possible to squeeze another fifteen knots out of the big submarine."

In the series, there are many shots of Seaview running on the surface with the bow higher than the stern, and water splashing at the bottom of the bow. But there are also shots of her running on the surface and properly trimmed fore and aft – that is, the bow and stern are level. In these shots, the water flows up and over the bow, similar to a submarine with an Albacore hull (for an example, see the photo in the article USS Skipjack (SSN-585)). Therefore, it is possible that Seaview was faster submerged than on the surface. Such shots can be seen in the opening titles of the first season, and in the episodes "The Ghost of Moby Dick" and "Long Live the King" (season one episode 15). The episode "Hail to the Chief" (season one episode 16) has a shot of Seaview properly trimmed fore and aft, followed immediately by a shot of her with the bow higher than the stern.

Except where noted, the speed data below are from The Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet by Norman Polmar (12th edition, 1981, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis). Streamlined diesel-electric submarines are included for comparison with the nuclear-powered ships.
 Tang class: The Tang class of diesel-electric submarines were the first American submarines designed to be faster submerged than on the surface. Surface speed: 15.5 knots; Submerged speed: 18.3 knots
 was an unarmed, diesel-electric submarine built to test a highly streamlined hull design. This Albacore hull was so successful that it became the standard hull design for American submarines. Surface speed: 15 knots; Submerged speed: 27.4 knots
  was the first nuclear-powered submarine, and the first nuclear-powered ship of any kind. Surface speed: 18 knots; Submerged speed: over 20 knots (Polmar, page 39).
 was the first American nuclear-powered submarine with an "Albacore hull". Surface speed: approximately 20 knots; Submerged speed: over 30 knots (Polmar, page 36)
 was designed and built for high speed surface operations as a radar picket submarine. Surface speed: 27 knots; Submerged speed: over 20 knots (Polmar, page 35)
:  and her two sister ships,  and , were the last diesel-electric combat submarines built for the U.S. Navy. They were also the only American combat submarines to combine diesel power and an "Albacore hull". Surface speed: 15 knots; Submerged speed: 25 knots (Polmar, page 40).

Refit and the Flying Sub
Between the TV version's first and second seasons, the Seaview miniatures were extensively revised. Dated May 1965, the drawings penned by William Creber (who also designed the Flying Sub itself) stated "modifications to be applied to all miniatures." The number of bow windows was reduced from eight on two levels of four each to a single row of four (actually two with a dividing girder.) This then matched the interior set with the exterior miniatures but with the added detrimental effects of a more bulbous frontal appearance and a reduction in apparent overall size of the vessel. The control room, previously located on an upper level, was moved forward on a lower level ahead of the conning tower, to connect directly with the observation room, and a large hangar bay was added to the bow, beneath the observation room/control room combination. This hangar held the  -wide and -long flying submersible, aptly called the "Flying Sub" or "FS-1", implying that there were several more back at the base, which would have to be the case since several Flying Subs were lost to mishaps or combat during the run of the show. Promotional materials published between the first and second seasons referred to it as the Flying Fish, but the name was evidently dropped prior to the start of filming and was never used in the show. It was deployed through bomb-bay-like doors. As it broke the surface, its engines could generate enough thrust for the vehicle to take off and fly at supersonic speeds. The Flying Sub was also nuclear-powered.

Production background
Three models of Seaview — a 1/8" to the foot 4 (51½"), a 1/4" to the foot 8.5 (103"), and a 1/2" to the foot 17 feet (206") (1.2, 2.4 and 5.5 m) long — version were built (eight-window nose in the motion picture and first television season, four-window version thereafter). The four-foot wood and steel tube approval/pattern model was extensively seen in the feature and on the TV series used as set decoration on a shelf in the observation nose, and behind Nelson's desk in his cabin. The eight-foot model had external doors for a not fitted nine-inch Flying Sub, while a more detailed 18-inch Flying Sub was held within the larger Seaview. For close-ups, a three-foot Flying Sub was produced, which was also used in the aerial sequences. All three Seaview models were built for a total 1961 price of $200,000 by Herb Cheeks' model shop at Fox, and were filmed by L. B. Abbott who won two Emmy Awards for special effects in the series. For the television series a rather poorly rendered two-foot model was built.

The fates of the three original models vary; the original eight-window wood and steel four-foot display model was damaged in an altercation between writer Harlan Ellison and ABC Television executive Adrian Samish and after a full restoration resides in a private collection. There were at least two fiberglass cast "wet models" in this size all of which are now in private hands. One of the two eight-foot models was extensively modified; (bow cut off) for use in the short-lived series The Return of Captain Nemo (1978) and aside from the nose section, is believed to have been destroyed. The single 17-foot model sat in the Virginia Beach garage of model maker Dave Merriman (who built several of the miniatures for The Hunt for Red October movie) during most of the 1980s where it was modified from its original appearance. It then was displayed above the bar at the (now-defunct) Beverly Hills Planet Hollywood restaurant from 1993 to 2002 and after a partial restoration, is on display at the Museum Of Science Fiction located in Seattle, Washington. There were several miniatures of the Flying Sub and the mini-sub, and after a props and memorabilia auction in the late 1970s at 20th Century Fox most have found their way into private collections.

Model kits

Both the Seaview and Flying Sub have been represented by several model kits. Both were originally offered by Aurora Plastics Corporation back in the 1960s during the run of the show, and have been re-released several times. Moebius Models have recently issued versions of both the Seaview and Flying Sub, each in two differing scales. Though superior to the original kits from the 60's, these are still not entirely faithful to the contours and dimensions of the original miniatures.

See also
List of fictional ships

References

Fictional submarines of the United States Navy
Fictional submarines

USOS Seaview


Henning Wegter (* 20. März 1987 in Nordhorn) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Volleyballspieler und -manager.

Karriere
Wegter begann seine Karriere 1999 beim TV Nordhorn. 2002 folgte er seinem Vater Bernd zum FC Schüttorf 09. Später ging der Mittelblocker, dessen Schwester Anna beim SCU Emlichheim spielt, zum Nachwuchsteam VC Olympia Berlin und spielte in der Junioren-Nationalmannschaft. Aus der Hauptstadt wechselte er zum Bundesligisten TSV Giesen/Hildesheim. Trotz guter eigener Leistung konnte er 2009 den Abstieg des Vereins nicht verhindern. Daraufhin wurde er vom Moerser SC verpflichtet. Wegter wurde 2013 Gewinner der ersten "Hammawurf-WM". Danach wechselte er zum Zweitligisten TSG Solingen Volleys. Mit der TG 1862 Rüsselsheim gelang ihm 2015 der Aufstieg in die erste Bundesliga. Nach der Umbenennung der Mannschaft in United Volleys Rhein-Main war Wegter Manager und Geschäftsführer der United Volleys.

Seit 2018 ist Wegter für den DFB im Bereich Marketing tätig.

Weblinks
 Profil bei der TG 1862 Rüsselsheim
 Profil bei den United Volleys Rhein-Main

Einzelnachweise

Volleyballspieler (Deutschland)
Volleyballspieler (VC Olympia Berlin)
Volleyballspieler (Moerser SC)
Volleyballspieler (TSG Solingen Volleys)
Volleyballspieler (Helios Grizzlys Giesen)
Volleyballfunktionär (Deutschland)
Fußballfunktionär (Deutscher Fußball-Bund)
Deutscher
Geboren 1987
Mann

Henning Wegter


Garðaberjaætt er ætt með með einungis eina ættkvísl: rifs (Ribes)

Tilvísanir

Garðaberjaætt

Grossulariaceae


.
Branding strategic este o relație de convingeri pe care un marketer le are atunci când creează o soluție pentru o vânzare. Branding-ul strategic este de asemenea o structură informațională care permite relatarea diferitelor produse într-un cadru logic. Prioritatea cu care produsele sunt formate este referită ca fiind de întâietate atunci când rezolvarea unor anumite carențe ale strategiei sunt într-un plan non-conformist adaptat. Starea cu care încadrarea defectelor unui produs este viabilă trebuie să fie realizată de o înțelegere între relația client-produs. Diferența dintre branding și marketing este că un strat psihologic modern care realizează o stare ce se poate întruchipa într-o realitate care merită analizată într-un mod constructiv ce deflectează diferite substraturi logice și informaționale. Branding-ul strategic este o realizare a neutralității față de produs. Orice produs este un produs consecvent atunci când se rezumă la capacitatea sa de a relata diferite valori care se supun calității produsului respectiv. Produsul întruchipează o succesiune de informații în mintea clientului care sunt relatate cu stări de dispoziție aferente.

Branding-ul strategic este o oportunitate pentru un marketer să dezvolte un concept de neutralitate asupra produsului său. Acest proces trebuie să fidelizeze loialitatea fiecărui client în parte pentru a organiza un fond decisiv suficient de colateral pentru a înțelege aptitudinile cu care se confruntă o persoană care face branding în fiecare zi.

Referinte

Mărci

Branding strategic


is a village located in Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture, Japan.

As of October 2016, the village has an estimated population of 1,310 and a density of 7.5 persons per km2. The total area is 175.70 km2.

Education
 Kindergartens
 Tenkawa Preschool Kindergarten
 Primary Schools
 Tenkawa Elementary School
 Junior High Schools
 Tenkawa Junior High School

Notable places
 Yoshino-Kumano National Park
 Dorogawa Hot Springs
 Ten-no-kawa Hot Springs
 Mount Ōmine Temple
 Mount Ōmine Ryusenji Temple
 Mitarai Valley

See also
 Mount Omine

External links

Tenkawa official website

Villages in Nara Prefecture

Tenkawa, Nara


أريسا أوغاساوارا (小笠原亜里沙 أوغاساوارا أريسا) هي ممثلة يابانية ولدت في 30 سبتمبر 1980 في طوكيو.

أدوارها في الأنمي

مسلسلات أنمي تلفزيونية
 وولفز راين - تشيزا
 البدلة المتنقلة جاندام 00 - ماري بارفاسي سوما بيريس، هارو البرتقالي
 دي جرايمان - لولو-بيل
 كاوبوي بيباب - ميفا
 أويدو روكيت - أوريكو
 كيكايشي - ريو شيشيو
 هيرومان - هولي جونز
 ستار درايفر - ميلين أراغون
 الإكسورسيست الأزرق - نيشيواكي
 هيوغيمونو - تشاتشا

أوفا أنمي
 ساينت سيا: ذا لوست كانفاس - سينريسا

أفلام أنمي
 تيلز أوف فيسبيريا: ذا فرست سترايك - هيسكا أيهيب
 فيلم البدلة المتنقلة جاندام 00: أ ويكينينج أوف ذا تريلبليزر - ماري بارفاسي سوما بيريس

أدوارها في الدبلجة اليابانية
 دامو ستحيل - دامو ستحيل
 هاري بوتر وكأس النار - فلورا ديلاكور
 جمال أمريكي - جين بورنهام
 رجال عود الثقاب - أنجيلا
 آي كارلي - شيلبي ماركس
 الكاذبات الصغيرات الجميلات - آريا مونتجمري
 فتيات لئيمات - كيدي هيرون
 بيرسي جاكسون والأوليمبونس: لص البرق - أنابيث تشيس

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من طوكيو
ممثلات أداء صوتي يابانيات
ممثلات أطفال يابانيات
ممثلات ألعاب فيديو يابانيات
ممثلات من طوكيو
ممثلات يابانيات
مواليد 1980
مواليد في طوكيو

أريسا أوغاساوارا


නයිජිරියානු එක්සත් සමුහාණ්ඩුව

අන්තර්ජාල TLD - ng
දුරකථන ස‍ංකේත - +234

නයිජිරියානු එක්සත් සමුහාණ්ඩුව ජනපද 36 කින් යුත් රටකි. අබුජා එහි එක්සත් අගනුවර ප්‍ර‍ෙද්ශය වේ. මෙය පිහිටා තිබෙන්නේ බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවෙහිය. මෙහි මායිම් වන්නේ බටහිර බෙනින් සමුහාණ්ඩුව, නැගෙනහිර චැඩ් හා කැමරෑන් සහ උතුරැ නයිගර් සමගය. මෙහි දකුණු වෙරල තීරය ගිනියා බොක්කේ (අත්ලන්තික් සාගරය) ඇත. නයිජිරියාවෙහි අති විශාලතම හා ප්‍රචලිතම ජනවාර්ගත කණ්ඩායම් තුන වන්නේ හුආසා ලිග්බෝ සහ යොරැබාය. ආගම් වශයෙන් මෙරට තුල මුස්ලිම් හා ක්‍රිස්තියානි සමානව කොටස් 2 ක් සිටින අතර සුළු පිරිසක් සාම්ප්‍රදායික ආගම් අදහයි. නයිජිරියානු ජනතාවට දීර්ඝ ඉතිහාසයක් ඇත. පුරාතන තැනිම් වලට අනුව මානව වර්ගයාගේ පැවැත්ම 9000 BC දක්වා දිව යයි. බන්ටු සංක්‍රාමිකයන්ගේ මුල් භුමි භාගයේ සැලකෙන්නේ බෙනුයි හා ක්‍රොස් රිබර් හා අවට ප්‍රදේශයන්ය.මොවුන් 1 වන මිලේනියම් හා 2 මිලේන්යමේ මධ්‍යම හා දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව පුරා පැතිර සිට ඇත. නයිජර් ගග හේතුවෙන් රටට එම නම ලැබී ඇත. මෙය ලෝ‍කයේ ජනගහනය වැඩිම රටවල් අතර 3 වන තැන හා කළු ජාතීන් බහුතරයක් ජිවත් වන ජනාකිර්ණම ලෝකයේ ඇති එකම රට වේ. මෙය මිළග එකොලොස් වන ආර්ථිකය යට‍ෙත් ලැයිස්තුගත කොට ඇති අතර ෙපාදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයේ සාමාජිකයෙකි. නයිජිරියානු ආර්ථිකය ලෝකයේ වේගයෙන්ම වර්ධනය වන ආර්ථිකයන්ගෙන් එකකි. අන්තර්ජාතික මුල්‍ය අරමුදල (1MF) පවසන පරිදි එය 2008 9% හා 2009 8.3% කි. අප්‍රිකාව තුල ඇති 2 වන විශාලතම ආර්ථිකයයි. එය ප්‍රාදේශීය බලවතෙකු වන අතර අප්‍රිකාව තුල ඇති 2 වන විශාලතම ආර්ථිකයයි. එය ප්‍රාදේශීය බලවතෙකු වන අතර අප්‍රිකාවේ නායකත්වය දරයි.

නයිජිරියාව
පින්තුරය - කොඩිය
ආදර්ශ පාඨය -
ජාතික ගීය
අගනුවර - අමුජා
විශාලම නගරය - ලාගොස්
රාජ්‍ය භාෂාව - ඉංග්‍රීසි
විශාලතම ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් - හුආසා, ලිග්බෝ, ෙසාරැබා
රාජ්‍ය - ජනාධිපති ඒකාබද්ධ සමුහාණ්ඩුව
ජනාධිපති - උමාරැ යාර් අඩුආ
නියෝජ්‍ය ජනාධිපති - ගුඩ්ලක් ජොනතන්
නිදහස - එක්සත් රාජධානියේ සිට
දකුණු හා උතුරැ නයිජිරියාව එක්සේසත් කිරිම - 1914
ප්‍රකාශ කිරිම හා පිළිගැනීම - ඔක්තෝම්බර් 1, 1960
සමුහාණ්ඩුව ප්‍රකාශ කිරිම - ඔක්තෝම්බර් 1, 1963
වර්ග ප්‍රමාණය -	එකතුව	-	923 768 Km2
			356 667 sq mi
ජලය (%) – 1.4
ජනගහනය - 2009 තක්සේරැව - 154 729 000 (8)
ඝනත්වය	-	167.5 / Km2
			433.8 / sq mi
GDP (PPP) – 2008 තක්සේරැව
එකතුව - $ 319.572 බිලියන (37)
සාමාන්‍ය - $ 2 162
GDP (සාමාන්‍ය) - 2008 තක්සේරැව
එකතුව - $ 207.116 බිලියන
සාමාන්‍ය - $ 1 401
ගිනි (2003) – 43.7 මධ්‍යම
මුදල් - නයිජිරියානු නෙයිරා
කාල මණ්ඩලය - WAT
ශ්‍රීෂ්ම සෘතුව (DST) - නිරික්ෂන නැත
මං තීරැව - දකුණ

සමුහාණ්ඩු

නයිජිරියානු එක්සත් සමුහාණ්ඩුව


Mary Constance Charteris, comtesse de Wemyss et March (née Wyndham ;  - ), appelée Lady Elcho de 1883 à 1914, est une hôtesse de la société anglaise et un membre original de The Souls, un club social et intellectuel anglais.

Jeunesse
Mary Constance Wyndham est née le 3 août 1862 à Londres au domicile de ses parents à Belgrave Square . Elle est la fille aînée de Percy Wyndham et Madeline Caroline Frances Eden Campbell. Son grand-père paternel est George Wyndham (1er baron Leconfield). Son grand-père maternel est Sir .

Elle est une arrière-petite-fille du révolutionnaire irlandais Lord Edward FitzGerald, le fils de James FitzGerald (1er duc de Leinster). Son arrière-arrière-grand-mère, Emily FitzGerald, duchesse de Leinster, est l'une des sœurs Lennox et une fille de Charles Lennox (2e duc de Richmond).

Elle est la sœur de George Wyndham et Guy Wyndham, Madeline, l'épouse de Charles Adeane, et Pamela, d'abord l'épouse d'Edward Tennant (1er baron Glenconner), et plus tard l'épouse d'Edward Grey (1er vicomte Grey de Fallodon) .

Vie sociale
Wyndham et ses frères et sœurs et leurs conjoints sont membres de The Souls, un groupe social d'élite anglais . Elle et ses deux sœurs sont les sujets du tableau de 1899 de John Singer Sargent, Les Sœurs Wyndham . Sa vie est détaillée dans le livre These Wild Wyndhams de Claudia Renton .

Mariage et descendance
Wyndham et Hugo Charteris, Lord Elcho, qui hérite plus tard des titres de  comte de Wemyss et  comte de March  se marient le 9 août 1883. Ils ont sept enfants :

 Hugo Francis Charteris, Lord Elcho (né le 28 décembre 1884, décédé le 23 avril 1916), qui épouse Violet Manners.
 Guy Lawrence Charteris (né le 23 mai 1886, décédé le 21 septembre 1967)
 Lady Cynthia Mary Evelyn Charteris (née le 27 septembre 1887, décédée le 31 mars 1960)
 Colin Charteris (né le  juin 1889, décédé le 27 décembre 1892)
 Lady Mary Pamela Madeline Sibell Charteris (née le 24 octobre 1895, décédée en 1991)
 Yvo Alan Charteris (né le 6 octobre 1896, décédé le 17 octobre 1915)
 Lady Irene Corona Charteris (née le 31 mai 1902, décédée en 1989)

Wyndham est la grand-mère paternelle de l'hôtesse de la société .

Elle est décédée le 29 avril 1937 .

Références

Liens externes

Socialite britannique
Décès en avril 1937
Naissance en août 1862
Décès à 74 ans

Mary Constance Wyndham


Abarth & C. S.p.A. bio je talijanski proizvođač trkaćih i sportskih automobila. Tvrtku je osnovao Carlo Abarth 1949.g. u Bolognai.

Povijest
Tvrtka Abarth nastala je na osnovama propale tvrtke Cisitalia u kojoj je Carlo Abarth radio kao sportski direktor tvorničke momčadi. Za logotip tvrtke je odabran škorpion (prema horoskopskom znaku osnivača tvrtke). Iz likvidirane tvrtke Cisitalia, Abarth je pribavio pet automobila model 204 i jedan model D46, te brojne autodijelove. Model 204 preimenovan je u Abarth 204 A.

Abarth je proizvodio automobile za utrke na osnovni posljednjih Cisitalia modela.

Uz utrke, tvrtka Abarth je proizvodila i prodavala sportske dijelove za automobile proizvođača kao što su Fiat, Lancia, Cisitalia i Simca. Sudjelovao je i u proizvodnji sportskih i trkaćih modela tvrtke Porsche. Dana 31. srpnja 1971. tvrtku je kupio Fiat. Akvizicija je objavljena 15. listopada 1971. Pod upravom Fiata, Abarth je postao dio tvrtke zadužen za sportska natjecanja. Abarth je pripremao Fiatove modele, kao što su Fiat 124 i Fiat 131, za reli natjecanja.

U prosincu 1977. prije početka trkaće sezone 1978. Abart i Squadra Corse Lanica spojene su u jedan entitet koji je nazvan EASA (tal. Ente per l'Attività Sportiva Automobilistica). Zajedničkim naporima nastali su modeli Lancia Beta Montecarlo, te Lancia 037.

Dana 1. listopada 1981., tvrtka Abarth & C prestala je postojati te je zamijenjena odjelom matične tvrtke Fiat Auto Gestione Sportiva koji je bio specijaliziran za reli programe i koji je nastavio postojati do kraja 1999. kada je preimenovan u Fiat Auto Corse S.p.A.

Neki modeli autmobila koje je proizvela tvrtka Fiat ili njene podružnice Lanica i Autobianchi, u nazvane su Abarth (npr. Autobianchi A112 Abarth). Tijekom 1980ih naziv Abarth je korišten za poboljšane sportske varijante različitih modela (npr. Fiat Ritmo Abarth 125/130 TC), a tijekom 2000ih Abarth naziv je označavo određene pakete opreme različitih modela (npr. Fiat Stilo Abarth).

Dana 01. veljače 2007. Abarth je ponovno postavljen kao nezavisna jedinica pod nazivom Abarth & C. S.p.a, u 100% vlasništvu tvrtke Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. Prvi modeli bili su Abarth Grande Punto i Abarth Grande Punto S2000.

Izvori

 Službene internet stranice Abarth, pristupljeno 14.07.2019.

Talijanski proizvođači automobila

Abarth


Bakur Iberijac, bizantski zapovjednik u Palestini
 Bakur I. od Iberije, kralj Iberije 234. – 249.
 Bakur II. od Iberije, kralj Iberije 534. – 547.
 Bakur III. od Iberije, kralj Iberije ? - 580.

Bakur


An Philodendron moonenii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Bernard Croat. An Philodendron moonenii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Philodendron, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha French Guiana. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Philodendron

Philodendron moonenii


Manuel Busquets George (1872-1955) fue un hombre de negocios que presidió la Sociedad Editora Universal, propietaria de un grupo de periódicos de gran influencia durante los años 20 y 30 del , entre los cuales destacaron Heraldo de Madrid y El Liberal de Madrid. Manuel fue el más destacado de los hermanos Busquets, que mantenían una sociedad con este nombre desde que su padre y su tío, Joan y Josep Busquets Llinàs, la formaron en Cuba durante el .

Biografía
Manuel Busquets George, presidente de la Sociedad Editora Universal. Nació en Barcelona en 1872. Estudió en Francia y muy pronto tuvo contacto con el mundo editorial a través de la revista Pluma y Lápiz editada por Busquets Hermanos en 1893. A principios del  se incorpora al periódico El Diluvio, de su cuñado Manuel de Lasarte, donde desarrolla un suplemento ilustrado semanal durante varios años. Al mismo tiempo participa en los negocios familiares relacionados con el petróleo y sus derivados que lideraba su hermano mayor, Gaspar Busquets George. Esta actividad fue la que dio lugar a la entrada de los Busquets en la propiedad de la Sociedad Editora Universal a través del suministro de tinta que el grupo de periódicos adeudaba.

Manuel Busquets se casó con Henriette Salomó Cauvet, nacida en Perpignan y a la que habría conocido en sus estancias en el país vecino. Con ella tuvo a sus hijos Manuel, Enric, Amparo, Concha, Alfonso y Enriqueta. En 1937 se unió a Amelia Fúnez, con la que tuvo a su hijo Juan Manuel. Manuel Busquets multiplicó su actividad con la presidencia de la Sociedad Editora Universal, que se sumó a su liderazgo en Busquets Hermanos una vez fallecido su hermano Gaspar en 1925. Al frente de la sociedad, Manuel Busquets dio amplias libertades a los directores de los periódicos, aunque no se abstuvo de intervenir cuando sus intereses particulares estaban en juego. Fue el caso de la constitución del monopolio de petróleos en España en 1927, que afectó su actividad en el sector. Heraldo de Madrid publicó una serie de artículos en portada defendiendo el punto de vista de los distribuidores privados de productos petrolíferos que habían de verse afectados por la decisión.

Políticamente, Manuel Busquets no militó en ningún partido político ni tuvo cargos de representación como sí había tenido su padre en la Diputación de Barcelona por el partido conservador. Manuel Busquets simpatizó, en cambio, con las ideas liberales, republicanas y federalistas que difundía El Diluvio y que compartían Heraldo de Madrid y el resto de periódicos del grupo editorial. En sus discursos ante el consejo de administración de la sociedad queda meridianamente claro su apoyo al régimen republicano y al mismo tiempo las distancias que marca con los gobiernos de turno para no comprometer la independencia de sus periódicos. Manuel Busquets se distinguió como hombre de empresa con un estilo de gestión riguroso pero al mismo tiempo ambicioso en sus metas, como la expansión de sus negocios petroleros con sus derivados de lubricantes, insecticidas, fertilizantes y farmacéuticos. Su personalidad como empresario también le llevó a cuidar especialmente las relaciones laborales en una etapa política en que su apuesta por una república le llevó a aliarse con periodistas y trabajadores simpatizantes de los partidos de izquierda.

Durante la guerra civil, sin embargo, no se escapó de la demonización de los capitalistas que hicieron los anarquistas y su vida estuvo en serio peligro al ser arrestado por la FAI. Su salida de España fue posible por la intervención de su yerno, Camille Arnoult, en nombre de la Cruz Roja internacional. Se instaló los primeros años en Marsella, donde llegó a montar una pequeña fábrica de tinta. Pero la invasión alemana de Francia le llevó hasta el pueblo pirenaico de Bagneres de Bigorre, desde donde siguió las gestiones para superar el proceso de responsabilidades políticas que se llevaba a cabo en España con representación de su hija Enriqueta Busquets Salomó.

La depuración política se saldó con una multa de 5000 pesetas y, retornado a España en 1947, Busquets se dedicó a intentar recuperar sus negocios pagando altos peajes. Fue imposible recuperar el activo de la Sociedad Editora Universal, incautado por Falange, salvo el edificio de la céntrica calle Marqués de Cubas, que, al fin, sería vendido al Banco de España y donde el banco emisor llevó a cabo una ampliación de sus instalaciones con la finca. Manuel Busquets pasó sus últimos años en Canet de Mar, en su finca del Grau. Hizo donación al municipio de unos terrenos en los que se construyeron pisos de protección oficial, por lo que se dio su nombre a una calle del pueblo. Murió en 1955.

Referencias

Bibliografía
Busquets George, Manuel Informe ante el pleno del Consejo de Estado, Imprenta Clásica Española, Madrid 1927

Enlaces externos
 www.germansbusquets.com.

Empresarios de la comunicación de España
Empresarios de Cataluña

Manuel Busquets George


مزرعة الجمبري هو نوع من الزراعة المائية يهدف لزراعة الجمبري والقريدس للاستهلاك الأدمي. زراعة الجمبري التجارية بدأت في السبعينات وزاد الإنتاج كثيرا حتى يلبي حاجة الأسواق الأمريكية واليابانية وأوروبا الغربية. وصل إجمالي الإنتاج العالمي من الجمبري المزروع أكثر من 1,6 مليون طن في سنة 2003 والذي يقدر قيمته بحوالي 9000 مليون دولار. ينتج حوالي 75% من الجمبري المزروع في آسيا وبالخصوص في الصين وتايلاند (أكبر دولة مصدرة). تنتج النسبة المتبقية في أمريكا الاتينية حيث تكون البرازيل في الصدارة.

لقد تحولت زراعة الجمبري من عمل تجاري على نطاق صغير تقليدي في جنوب شرق آسيا إلى صناعة عالمية. أدى التقدم التقني إلى زراعة الجمبري بكثافة عالية جدًا في مساحات المزارع بالإضافة إلى شحن مخازن التربية حول العالم.

مراجع

زراعة مائية
عشاريات الأرجل

مزرعة جمبري


EKO Cobra (Almanca:Einsatzkommando Cobra) Avusturya'nın ana anti-terör birimidir.

Tarihçe
İlk adı GEK (Gendarmerieeinsatzkommando) olan Einsatzkommando Cobra 1972 yılında asıl olarak Avusturya'dan geçerek İsrail'e giden Yahudi göçmenleri Filistinli militan grupların saldırılarından korumak için 1972 Münih Olimpiyatları sırasında İsrailli atletlere yapılan saldırıdan sonra kurulmuştur. Merkezi Wiener Neustadt'ta, şubeleri Graz, Linz ve Innsbruck'ta bulunmaktadır.

Avusturya'nın özel kuvvetleri
Avusturya'daki kolluk kuvvetleri
1978'de kurulan askerî birimler
Yarı askerî kuruluşlar
Polis Taktik Birimi

EKO Cobra


91553 Claudedoom este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
91553 Claudedoom este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Uccle de Thierry Pauwels. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,85 ua, o excentricitate de 0,10 și o înclinație de 1,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 91001-92000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

91553 Claudedoom


Das 70000 Tons of Metal (kurz: 70000 Tons) Metal-Festival wurde 2011 zum ersten Mal ausgerichtet. Veranstaltungsort dieses bislang größten Metal-Festivals auf einem Schiff war das Kreuzfahrtschiff Majesty of the Seas, das zwischen dem 24. und 28. Januar 2011 von Miami (Florida) nach Cozumel (Mexiko) und wieder zurückfuhr. Insgesamt traten 42 verschiedene Metal-Bands aus den unterschiedlichsten Metal-Genres auf. Inklusive der Besatzung befanden sich rund 3500 Personen an Bord.

Für weitere Informationen über den Hintergrund des Festivals, die Preise und weiteres siehe:

Reiseverlauf 2011

Montag, 24. Januar

Das Auslaufen des Schiffes aus dem Hafen war für 17.00 Uhr geplant. Da aber an diesem Tag eine Trauerfeier für zwei getötete Polizisten in Miami stattfand, waren weite Teile des Stadtgebietes gesperrt, was zahlreiche Staus zur Folge hatte. Weil durch die Staus ein Verladekran, der die Bühnenelemente auf das Pool-Deck heben sollte, drei Stunden später als geplant ankam, verzögerte sich die Abfahrt des Schiffes um etwas mehr als eine Stunde, so dass das Schiff um ca. 18.15 Uhr ablegte. Die drei Bühnen konnten dennoch in einer Rekordzeit von nur sieben Stunden aufgebaut werden. Mit der Verspätung ging auch ein zusätzlicher Kostenaufwand von rund 100.000 Euro einher.

Eröffnet wurde das Festival unmittelbar nach dem Auslaufen des Schiffes und einer kurzen Sicherheitsunterweisung um 19.00 Uhr Ortszeit, mit den Auftritten der Bands Exodus und Arsis. Verteilt auf die drei Bühnen spielten an diesem Tag neben Exodus und Arsis noch 13 weitere Bands. Abgerundet wurde das Programm durch eine Karaoke-Nacht in der Boleros Lounge.

Dienstag, 25. Januar

Eröffnet wurde das Konzertprogramm um 10 Uhr morgens mit dem Auftritt der deutschen Thrash-Metal-Band Cripper, und damit deutlich früher als auf vielen anderen Festivals. Es folgten weitere 26 Bands verteilt über den ganzen Tag, wobei es ab 12 Uhr mittags bis zum frühen Abend auch durchgehend "offizielle" Meet&Greets mit den Bands gab. Wie auch am Vortag konnte man den Abend bei Karaoke in der Boleros Lounge ausklingen lassen.

Ungewöhnlich am Auftritt der Band Unleashed war, dass als Sänger Alan "Naihmass Nemtheanga" Averill von Primordial bzw. Twilight of the Gods mitwirkte. Dies lag daran, dass Unleashed-Sänger Johnny Hedlund es verpasst hatte, rechtzeitig an Bord zu gelangen, so dass die Majesty of the Seas ohne ihn abgelegt hatte.

Mittwoch, 26. Januar
An diesem Tag fand ein Landgang auf die mexikanische Insel Cozumel statt. Bereits um 7 Uhr morgens lief dazu die Majesty of the Seas den Hafen von San Miguel de Cozumel an. Geboten wurden als Programm Touren zu Maya-Pyramiden in Tulum und anderen Ruinen, Pferdereiten, Jetski-Fahren sowie freier Aufenthalt in der Hafenstadt und am Strand. Das Schiff legte am Abend wie geplant, pünktlich um 18.30 Uhr ab. Ab 19.00 traten dann auch wieder Bands, verteilt auf die drei Bühnen des Schiffes, auf.

Da das Merchandise des 70000 Tons of Metal bereits am Dienstag vergriffen war, hatte das Festivalmanagement kurzfristig in der Nacht von Dienstag auf Mittwoch neue T-Shirts drucken lassen. Diese sollten dann per Hubschrauber nach Cozumel geflogen und dort an Bord gebracht werden. Aufgrund von Problemen mit dem Zoll konnten die T-Shirts jedoch nicht nach Mexico eingeflogen werden.

Donnerstag, 27. Januar

Wie auch am Dienstag standen am Donnerstag die Auftritte der Bands wieder im Vordergrund. Insgesamt traten an diesem Tag 28 Bands auf. Auch konnte man wieder zahlreiche Meet&Greets besuchen. Der besonders lockere Umgang zwischen Fans und Musikern während des ganzen Festivals wurde unter anderem auch beim Auftritt der schwedischen Power-Metal-Band Sabaton auf der Poolstage deutlich. Sänger Joakim Brodén ließ sich während des Auftritts seiner Band beim Crowdsurfen durch das Publikum tragen und anschließend in den Pool werfen.

Freitag, 28. Januar
Das eigentliche Festivalprogramm dauerte bis in die frühen Morgenstunden des 28. Januars. Bereits wenig später, um 9 Uhr Ortszeit, mussten jedoch alle Festivalgäste das Schiff verlassen haben, welches am selben Abend wieder auslief.

Line-up
An den vier Tagen spielten insgesamt 42 Bands, verteilt auf drei Bühnen, wobei jede Band zwei Auftritte absolvierte. Das Line-up bestand aus folgenden Bands:

Agent Steel, Amon Amarth, Arsis, Blackguard, Blind Guardian, Circle II Circle, Cripper, Dark Tranquillity, Death Angel, Destruction, DuskMachine, Ensiferum, Epica, Exodus, Fear Factory, Finntroll, Forbidden, Gamma Ray, Iced Earth, Korpiklaani, Malevolent Creation, Marduk, Moonspell, Nevermore, Obituary, Rage, Raven, Sabaton, Sanctuary, Saxon, Sodom, Sonata Arctica, Swashbuckle, Testament, The Absence, Trouble, Twilight of the Gods, Týr, Uli Jon Roth, Unleashed, Voivod und Witchburner.

Die Hauptbühne stellte das Schiffstheater "A Chorus Line" über die Decks 5–7 dar. Auf Deck 8 gab es noch eine kleinere Bühne in der "Spectrum"-Lounge und auf Deck 12 mit der "Poolside Stage" auch eine Open-Air-Bühne.

Unterkünfte, Besucher und Statistisches
An dem Festival nahmen 2038 Besucher aus insgesamt 49 Ländern teil. Mit einem Anteil von rund 30 % stammten die meisten aus den Vereinigten Staaten. Die zweitgrößte Besuchergruppe kam bei einem Anteil von etwa 17 % aus Deutschland. Ebenfalls noch stark vertreten waren Besucher aus Kanada (12 %) und Australien (7 %). Die übrigen Besucher, welche noch 36 % der Gesamtbesucheranzahl ausmachten, stammten aus Argentinien, Belgien (34), Bolivien, Bosnien, Brasilien, Bulgarien, Chile, Volksrepublik China, Costa Rica, Dänemark, Dominikanische Republik, Estland, Färöer, Finnland, Frankreich, Griechenland, Großbritannien, Hongkong, Irland, Israel, Italien, Japan, Kolumbien, Luxemburg, Mexiko, Niederlande (86), Neuseeland, Norwegen, Österreich, Peru, Philippinen, Polen, Portugal, Rumänien, Russland, Saudi-Arabien, Slowakei, Slowenien, Südafrika, Spanien, Schweden, Schweiz, Tschechien, Türkei und Ungarn. Weiterhin waren rund 100 Journalisten, die technischen Crews der Bands und die gut 900 Mann starke Schiffsbesatzung mit an Bord, so dass sich die Gesamtpersonenkapazität auf 3571 Teilnehmer belief.

Über die Konzerte hinaus standen zur Freizeitbewältigung auch ein Fitnessstudio, ein Casino, ein Basketballfeld sowie eine Kletterwand zur Verfügung.

Zuerst zeigten sich die Reederei und die Crew skeptisch ob des ungewöhnlichen Reisepublikums. So wurde das Personal im Vorfeld auf die Besucher in einer nicht genannten Art und Weise "vorbereitet" und beispielsweise der Presse anfangs das Interviewen von Besatzungsmitgliedern strengstens untersagt. Auch durften der Schiffs- und Reedereiname nicht genannt werden, was sich jedoch schnell änderte. Dies lag zum einen am unerwartet freundlichen und gesitteten Verhalten der Gäste, zum anderen aber auch am wirtschaftlichen Erfolg des gesamten Festivals. So betrugen bereits am ersten Tag die Einnahmen durch Getränke das Vielfache dessen, was sonst in einer ganzen Woche umgesetzt wird. Der unverhältnismäßig hohe Bierkonsum führte auch dazu, dass bereits am Dienstag die erste Biersorte ausverkauft und auch bei anderen Sorten der Vorrat stark geschrumpft war.

Rezeption
Dem 70000 Tons of Metal kam eine große nationale und internationale Wahrnehmung durch die Presse zu. Insgesamt befanden sich rund 100 Journalisten aus aller Welt an Bord. Neben zahlreichen Szenemagazinen, sowohl in gedruckter als auch in Online-Form, berichtete auch die allgemeine Presse teils sehr ausführlich. Im deutschsprachigen Raum geschah dies unter anderem durch den Stern, RTL, den Norddeutschen Rundfunk, und das ZDF. Letzteres drehte neben einem kurzen Beitrag für das Heute-journal auch eine halbstündige Dokumentation für den ZDFinfokanal mit dem Titel Heavy Metal auf dem Traumschiff.

Dokumentationen
 Peter Theisen, Harald Hamm: Heavy Metal auf dem Traumschiff, ZDF 2011, 29.52 Minuten
 Das Alptraumschiff (Radioreportage), NDR 2011, 7.30 Minuten

Weblinks
 Website des 70000 Tons of Metal (englisch)
 Interview mit dem Veranstalter Andy Piller (englisch)
 Ausführlicher Reisebericht mit Fotos, Videos, etc. von lalasreisen.de
 Festivalbericht der deutschen Band Cripper (englisch)

 Videointerview mit Sternredakteur Alf Burchardt über das 70000 Tons of Metal
 Umfangreiche Fotogalerie des Festivals

Einzelnachweise

Metalfestival
Musikalische Veranstaltung 2011
Fahrgastschifffahrt
Kultur (Karibik)
Veranstaltung in Miami
Royal Caribbean International
Schiffsreise
Musik (Miami)

70000 Tons of Metal (2011)


An Carex misera in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Samuel Botsford Buckley. An Carex misera in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex misera


An Glyceria nubigena in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni W.A.Anderson. An Glyceria nubigena in nahilalakip ha genus nga Glyceria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Glyceria

Glyceria nubigena


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Die Green Line "D", oder auch Highland Branch oder Riverside Branch ist eine U-Straßenbahn und ein Zweig der MBTA-Green Line in der Gegend um Boston im Bundesstaat Massachusetts der Vereinigten Staaten. Auf dieser Strecke verkehren Light-rail-Fahrzeuge auf einer weitestgehend kreuzungsfreien Strecke, die früher von der Boston and Albany Railroad genutzt wurde. Westlich der Station Kenmore führt die zweigleisige Strecke durch das Portal Fenway Incline in den Untergrund und fährt ab hier auf denselben Gleisen wie die Green Line B und Green Line C. Die Green Line D fährt weiter durch den Boylston Street Subway und Tremont Street Subway, wo sie sich unterwegs mit der Strecke der Green Line E vereint. Die Strecke endet schließlich am Government Center.

Die Green Line D wurde 1959 eröffnet und ist damit die jüngste Light rail-Strecke in der Bostoner Umgebung. Die Stationen Newton Center und Newton Highlands sind noch in ihrem ursprünglichen Baustil des späten 19. Jahrhunderts erhalten. Während jedoch die Haltestelle Newton Center in den 1980er Jahren renoviert und durch die Integration von Einzelhändlern erweitert wurde, wird Newton Highlands nur als reiner Haltepunkt genutzt.

Geschichte
Die Straßenbahnstrecke wurde auf der Trasse einer am 31. Mai 1958 stillgelegten Eisenbahn gebaut, die Teile der Bahnstrecken Yawkey–Brookline, Back Bay–Harrisville und Riverside–Newton Highlands beinhaltet. Das östliche Ende der Strecke wurde durch die neue Tunnelrampe Fenway Incline und über den Boylston Street Subway an die unterirdische Station Kenmore angeschlossen, so dass am 4. Juli 1959 die neue Straßenbahnlinie ihren Dienst zunächst unter Kontrolle der Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) aufnehmen konnte, bis diese 1964 von der Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) übernommen wurde. Die Strecke verlief bis Riverside, jedoch reichte das Budget nicht aus, um neue Fahrzeuge zur Bedienung der Strecke zu erwerben. Daher entschied die MTA, die Strecken nach Waverley und Watertown Square zu schließen, um deren Fahrzeuge auf der neuen Riverside-Strecke (die heutige Green Line D) einsetzen zu können.

Die erste Streckenführung der Riverside-Linie führte bis zur Station Park Street. Am Ende der Strecke fuhren einige Züge nur bis zum Cleveland Circle, jedoch waren bald die Passagierzahlen so hoch, dass die Linie dann grundsätzlich bis zur Endstelle in Riverside fuhr.

Als im August 1964 die MBTA die Strecke übernahm, wurde der Liniendienst an den Tagen außer Sonntag bis Lechmere ausgedehnt. Ab dem 10. September 1966 fuhr die damalige Linie 4 auch sonntags bis dorthin. Im Jahr 1967 wurden die Zahlen der Green Line durch Buchstaben ersetzt, so dass aus der Linie 4 Riverside-Lechmere die D Riverside wurde.

Am 30. Dezember 1976 fuhr das erste Fahrzeug vom Typ Boeing LRV auf der Strecke der Green Line D, musste jedoch anfangs bereits an der Park Street oder am Government Center wenden, weil die Wendeschleife an der Boston North Station noch nicht elektrifiziert war.

Im Laufe der Jahre änderte sich die stadtseitige Endstelle mehrfach. Darüber hinaus gab es diverse Änderungen in der Streckenführung – bis hin zum Schienenersatzverkehr – aufgrund von (Um-)Bauarbeiten. Zuletzt wurde der Liniendienst vom 4. bis zum 31. August 2007 durch Shuttlebusse zwischen Reservoir und Fenway unterbrochen, da dort die Gleise und Serviceeinrichtungen erneuert wurden.

Literatur

Weblinks

 Veränderungen in den Strecken der MBTA (PDF; 911 kB)
 Geschichte der Eisenbahnen in Massachusetts

Spurweite 1435 mm
Straßenbahnlinie
Green Line (MBTA)

Green Line D


Two destroyers of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Obedient:

 The first, , launched in 1916, was an  that served in World War I, and was sold in 1921.
 The second, , launched in 1942, was an O-class destroyer that served in World War II, engaging the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper on 31 December 1942 (Battle of the Barents Sea). She was broken up in 1962.

Royal Navy ship names

HMS Obedient


Die Copa del Rey 1932 war die 30. Austragung des spanischen Fußballpokals.

Der Wettbewerb startete am 10. April und endete mit dem Finale am 19. Juni 1932 im Estadio Chamartín in Madrid. Titelverteidiger des Pokalwettbewerbes war Athletic Bilbao. Den Titel gewann zum dritten Mal in Folge Athletic Bilbao durch einen 1:0-Erfolg im Finale gegen den FC Barcelona.

Runde der letzten 32
Die Hinspiele wurden am 10. April, die Rückspiele am 17. April 1932 ausgetragen.

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 Freilose: Athletic Bilbao, FC Barcelona, Madrid FC, Unión Club

Entscheidungsspiele

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Achtelfinale
Die Hinspiele wurden am 8. Mai, die Rückspiele am 15. Mai 1932 ausgetragen.

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Entscheidungsspiele
Das Spiel wurde am 16. Mai in Madrid ausgetragen.

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Viertelfinale
Die Hinspiele wurden am 22. Mai, die Rückspiele am 29. Mai 1932 ausgetragen.

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Halbfinale
Die Hinspiele wurden am 5. Juni, die Rückspiele am 12. Juni 1932 ausgetragen.

|}

Finale

Weblinks
 Spielplan und Ergebnisse (linguasport.com)

1932
Fußballsaison 1932

Copa del Rey 1932


Folgend die Ergebnisse und Platzierungen bei den British Commonwealth Games 1974 im Dameneinzel im Badminton.

Ergebnisse

Endstand

Weblinks
 Medaillengewinner der Commonwealth Games

1974
Badminton
Commonwealth Games 1974
Commonwealth Games 1974
Commonwealth Games 1974

British Commonwealth Games 1974/Badminton (Dameneinzel)


La Ruta N.º 77 es una ruta nacional de Uruguay.
Su trazado se extiende por los departamentos de San José y Florida.

La zona que recorre esta carretera está casi exclusivamente enclavada en la cuenca lechera, aunque existen algunas explotaciones frutícolas de cierta consideración.

Características
Esta carretera es una ruta nacional terciaria, con pavimento de tratamiento bituminoso, y señalización vertical y horizontal de regular a mala.

En 2009 el tramo comprendido entre la ruta 76 y Paso de la Vela (límite con el departamento de San José) fue desafectado de jurisdicción nacional por resolución 561/009, pasando a jurisdicción departamental.

Recorrido
La carretera parte desde 25 de Agosto, se proyecta hacia el norte, paralelo al arroyo de la Virgen por el departamento de Florida.
Luego de atravesar las localidades de Independencia y Cardal, ingresa al departamento de San José por el conocido Paso de Vela.

La carretera finaliza en un camino vecinal del departamento de San José (UYSJ0303).

Referencias

 077
Departamento de Florida

Ruta 77 (Uruguay)


Na interseção de deficiência, gênero e sexualidade, encontra-se a teoria crip. A teoria crip existe como uma abordagem interdisciplinar para a teoria crítica da deficiência. A expressão "teoria crip" se origina no artigo de Carrie Sandahl "Queering the Crip or Cripping the Queer?: Intersections of Queer and Crip Identities in Solo Autobiographical Performance". Foi publicado em 2003 como parte de uma edição de jornal intitulada "Desiring Disability: Queer Theory Meets Disability Studies". Blackness and Disability, de Christopher Bell, e o trabalho de Robert McRuer exploram o queer e a deficiência.

Desde então, muitos livros e artigos foram escritos sobre o tema. Cada subsequente publicação dedicada à teoria crip como um tópico expande como a teoria crip é entendida.

 (2006) Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability de Robert McRuer
 (2011) Feminist Disability Studies de Kim Q. Hall
 (2012) Sex and Disability de Robert McRuer, Anna Mollow
 (2013) Feminist, Queer, Crip de Alison Kafer
 (2018) Crip Times: Disability, Globalization, and Resistance de Robert McRuer
 (2018) Disability Studies and the Environmental Humanities: Toward an Eco-Crip Theory de Sarah Jaquette Ray, Jay Sibara, Stacy Alaimo
 (2019) The Matter of Disability: Materiality, Biopolitics, Crip Affect de David T. Mitchell, Susan Antebi, et al.

A maior parte da literatura acima é escrita por autores nos Estados Unidos, mas não há nada de outros países que retrate a deficiência e a sexualidade no mesmo contexto. Myren-Svelstad, um estudioso norueguês compara dois romances desviantes na sociedade da Noruega, Enken de Nini Roll Anker escrito em 1932 e Allis sønn de Magnhild Haalke escrito em 1935. Ambos retratam um homem queer que também é deficiente. A deficiência sendo retratada como alguém cuja capacidade mental é significativamente diferente da visão heteronormativa da sociedade.

Essas comunidades por si só são temas de numerosas deliberações; no entanto, elas também costumam se vincular em significado de várias maneiras. A importância dos movimentos começou a ganhar força e mais reconhecimento legal na década de 1980. Foi somente em 1973 que a Associação Americana de Psiquiatria removeu a homossexualidade de sua lista de transtornos mentais. Além disso, foi cerca de quarenta anos depois, em 2013, que o Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais, Quinta Edição (DSM-5) mudou a listagem de transgênero para "disforia de gênero".

Um estudo de 2012 mostrou que a deficiência era mais comum em indivíduos LGBTQ quando comparados a heterossexuais. Também foi demonstrado que o grupo LGBTQ com deficiência era visivelmente mais jovem do que o grupo heterossexual. Em um estudo de identidades cruzadas de 2014 descobriu que "mulheres com deficiência, sejam gays, heterossexuais, bissexuais ou de outra forma, têm mais dificuldade em encontrar relacionamentos românticos devido ao seu status socioeconômico e capacidade. Drummond e Brotman introduzem a ideia de que a comunidade lésbica com deficiência enfrenta muitas barreiras por causa da discriminação na forma de capacitismo, homofobia, racismo e mais devido a identidades e interesses que se cruzam.

Eli Clare escreve sobre a interseção dos estudos sobre deficiência e transgênero, especificamente sobre como essas disciplinas podem aprender umas com as outras. Da mesma forma que há uma saída do armário para pessoas transgênero e pessoas com deficiência, há uma falta de privacidade corporal que ambos os grupos enfrentam, principalmente devido a uma supermedicalização do corpo. Clare também trabalha para fazer a distinção entre verdades corporais e médicas, onde o diagnóstico e o tratamento médico de uma pessoa como transgênero ou deficiente não ditam sua personificação e como eles navegam no mundo. Eventualmente, Clare chega à ideia de uma política de deficiência da transgeneridade, que "mergulha nas experiências vividas de nossos corpos, que questiona a ideia de normal e a noção de cura, que valoriza a autodeterminação, que resiste à vergonha e à medicalização da identidade ".

Terminologia
Embora muitos ativistas com deficiência encontrem empoderamento ao se apropriar do termo crip (uma ofensa capacitista, em inglês), nem todas as pessoas com deficiência se sentem confortáveis usando essa identidade. Existem muitos termos diferentes usados como alternativa à deficiência, por exemplo, Melwood, uma organização sem fins lucrativos que usa o termo "habilidades diferentes", descreve o rótulo deficiência como "uma limitação na capacidade de exercer uma ocupação devido a um impedimento físico ou mental; uma desqualificação, restrição ou desvantagem e falta de qualificação legal para fazer algo, era um 'rótulo' inadequado ou limitador para um corte transversal de pessoas". Como o termo deficiência tem um histórico de inferioridade, muitos acreditam que a substituição do termo ajudará a eliminar a capacidade que está embutida nele. Susan Wendell descreve o capacitismo na sociedade "como uma estrutura para pessoas que não têm fraquezas". Isso também se aplica a qualquer pessoa que tenha alguma desvantagem interseccional. O feminismo identifica essas desvantagens e cria estratégias para desconstruir o sistema que apoia a marginalização de grupos específicos de pessoas.

Ver também
 Sexualidade e deficiência

Sexualidade
Deficiência
Capacitismo
LGBTQIA+
Estudos de gênero
Teoria crítica
Filosofia da sexualidade
Teoria pós-moderna
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (LGBTQIA+)
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mais Diversidade)

Teoria crip