كيرك دوغلاس (09 ديسمبر 1916 - 05 فبراير 2020)  ممثل يهودي أمريكي من أصل روسي، ولد في 9 ديسمبر 1916 وهو والد الممثل مايكل دوغلاس. اسمه عند الولادة إيسور دانيالوفيتش وقضى طفولته الفقيرة مع والدين مهاجرين وست أخوات، وكان أول فيلم له هو الحب الغريب لمارثا آيفرز (1946) مع باربارا ستانويك. تطور دوغلاس بسرعة لتتصدر أفلامه شباك التذاكر في الخمسينات والستينات، وعرف بأدوار الدراما الخطيرة، بما في ذلك أفلام الغرب والأفلام الحربية. وخلال مسيرته التي استمرت ستة عقود ظهر في أكثر من 90 فيلما، وفي عام 1960 ساعد في إنهاء القائمة السوداء في هوليوود.

أصبح دوغلاس نجما عالميا بعد دوره البارز كبطل ملاكمة عديم الضمير في فيلم «البطل» (1949) ولقي استقبالا إيجابيا وحصد منه أول ترشيح له على جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل ممثل. ومن بين أفلامه المبكرة الأخرى «شاب مع بوق» (1950) مع لورين باكال ودوريس داي؛ «أيس إن ذا هول» أمام جان سترلينغ (1951)؛ «قصة بوليسية» (1951). وتحصل على ترشيح أوسكار ثاني لدوره الكبير في السيء والجميلة (1952) أمام لانا تيرنر، وترشيح ثالث لتصويره فينسنت فان جوخ في رغبة في الحياة (1956). وهو من بين آخر النجوم الباقين على قيد الحياة من عصر هوليوود الذهبي.

في عام 1955، أسس دوغلاس شركة برينا للإنتاج، والتي بدأت بإنتاج أفلام متنوعة مثل دروب المجد (1957) وسبارتاكوس (1960). وقام ببطولة هذين الفيلمين وتعاون مع المخرج ستانلي كوبريك الذي لم يكن مشهورا كثيرا وقتها. وساهم دوغلاس بكسر القائمة السوداء في هوليوود بجعل دالتون ترامبو مسؤولا عن كتابة فيلم سبارتاكوس ووضع اسمه على الشاشة، رغم أن أسرة ترامبو زعمت أن دوره كان مبالغا فيه. أنتج ومثل فيلم «لونلي أر ذا بريف» (1962)، والذي جمع طائفة من المعجبين، وفيلم «سبعة أيام في مايو» (1964)، أمام برت لانكستر، والذي مثل معه في سبعة أفلام. في عام 1963، لعب دور البطولة في مسرحية برودواي «أحدهم طار فوق عش الوقواق»، وهي قصة قام بشرائها، والتي منحها لاحقا لابنه مايكل دوغلاس، الذي حولها إلى فيلم حاز على جائزة الأوسكار.

تلقى دوغلاس ثلاثة ترشيحات لجائزة الأوسكار، وجائزة أوسكار عن مجمل أعماله، ووسام الحرية الرئاسي. وكتب عشر روايات ومذكرات. حاليا، وهو في المرتبة 17 على قائمة معهد الفيلم الأمريكي بين أعظم أساطير سينما هوليوود الكلاسيكية، ونجا بالكاد من حادث تحطم طائرة هليكوبتر في عام 1991 ومن ثم أصيب بجلطة في عام 1996، فركز بعدها على تجديد حياته الروحية والدينية. وعاش مع زوجته الثانية، وهي منتجة تدعى آن دوغلاس، وظل معها لأكثر من 60 عاما حتى وفاته في 6 فبراير/شباط 2020 عن عمر 103 عام.

الحياة المبكرة والتعليم
وُلد دوغلاس في أمستردام، نيويورك، اسمه عند الولادة إيسور دانيالوفيتش، ابن برينا «بيرثا» (لقبها قبل الزواج: سانغليل، 1884-1958) وهيرشل «هاري» دانيلوفيتش (1884-1950)، تختلف الاستشهادات المتعلقة بسنة ميلاده الصحيحة). والداه من المهاجرين اليهود من شافوسي، موغيليوف أوبلاست، في الإمبراطورية الروسية (روسيا البيضاء حاليًا)، وتحدثت العائلة باللغة اليديشية في المنزل.

استخدم شقيق والده، الذي هاجر في وقت سابق، اللقب ديمسكي، والذي اتخذته عائلة دوغلاس لقبًا لها في الولايات المتحدة. كان اسم دوغلاس في نشأته إيزي ديمسكي وغير اسمه قانونيًا إلى كيرك دوغلاس قبل دخول بحرية الولايات المتحدة خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية.

في سيرته الذاتية الصادرة في عام 1988، ابن تاجر الملابس المهترئة، دوّن دوغلاس المشاق التي تحملها، مع ست شقيقات ووالديه، خلال سنواتهم الأولى في أمستردام:كان والدي تاجر خيول في روسيا، حصل على حصان وعربة صغيرة، وأصبح تاجرًا للملابس المهترئة، يشتري الخرق القديمة وقطع المعدن والخردة مقابل البنسات والنيكلات والدايمات.... حتى في شارع إيغل، في أفقر قسم في المدينة، حيث تكافح جميع العائلات، كان تاجر الملابس المهترئة في أدنى درجات السلم. وكنت ابن هذا التاجر.كانت طفولة دوغلاس غير سعيدة، حيث عاش مع أب سكير ومؤذٍ جسديًا. بينما أنفق والده الأموال القليلة التي كانت بحوزته على الشراب، تحمّل هو ووالدته وشقيقاته «الفقر المدقع».

أراد دوغلاس في البداية أن يكون ممثلًا بعد إلقائه قصيدة ذا ريد روبين أوف سبرينغ بينما كان في روضة الأطفال ونال تصفيقًا. في فترة نشأته، باع الوجبات الخفيفة لعمال المصنع لكسب ما يكفي لشراء الحليب والخبز لمساعدة أسرته. في وقت لاحق، قام بتوصيل الصحف وأثناء شبابه عمل في أكثر من أربعين وظيفة قبل أن يصبح ممثلًا. وجد أن العيش في عائلة مع ست أخوات خانقًا: «كنت أموت من أجل الخروج. بمعنى، أُشعلت النار في داخلي». بعد ظهوره في مسرحيات في مدرسة أمستردام الثانوية، التي تخرج منها عام 1934، عرف أنه يريد أن يصبح ممثلًا محترفًا. نظرًا لعدم قدرته على تحمل الرسوم الدراسية، تحدث دوغلاس إلى العميد في مكتبه في جامعة سانت لورانس وأظهر له قائمة الشرف لمدرسته الثانوية. تخرج في عام 1939 بدرجة البكالوريوس. حصل على قرض سدده عن طريق العمل بدوام جزئي كبستاني وبواب. كان مميزًا في فريق المصارعة وصارع طوال فصل الصيف في كرنفال لكسب المال.

لُوحظت مواهب دوغلاس التمثيلية في الأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون المسرحية في مدينة نيويورك، والتي قدمت له منحة دراسية خاصة. كانت إحدى زملاء دراسته بيتي جوان بيرسك (التي عُرفت لاحقًا باسم لورين باكال)، والتي ستلعب دورًا مهمًا في بدء حياته المهنية السينمائية. كتبت باكال أنها «كانت معجبة بكيرك»، وتواعدا مصادفة. زميلة الدراسة الأخرى، وصديقة باكال، الممثلة الطموحة ديانا ديل، والتي ستصبح فيما بعد زوجة دوغلاس الأولى.

أثناء قضائهما الوقت معًا، علمت باكال أن دوغلاس ليس لديه مال، وأنه قضى الليل ذات مرة في السجن لأنه لم يكن لديه مكان للنوم. أعطته ذات مرة معطف عمها القديم ليحتفظ بالدفء: «اعتقدت أنه لا بدّ وأن يكون متجمد في فصل الشتاء... كان مبتهجًا وممتنًا». في بعض الأحيان، لمجرد رؤيته، كانت تسحب صديقًا أو والدتها إلى المطعم حيث كان يعمل عاملًا ونادلًا. أخبرها أن حلمه إحضار عائلته إلى نيويورك يومًا ما لرؤيته على المسرح. أثناء تلك الفترة تخيلت مشاركة حياتها الشخصية والمسرحية يومًا ما مع عائلة دوغلاس، لكنها شعرت بخيبة أمل فيما بعد: «لم يلاحقني في الواقع. كان ودودًا وجميلًا -استمتع بشراكتي- لكنني كنت صغيرة للغاية بالنسبة له» كتبت باكال التي تصغر كيرك بثمانِ سنوات.

الحياة الشخصية

الشخصية
في كتاب ابن تاجر الملابس المهترئة، وصف دوغلاس نفسه بأنه «ابن العاهرة»، مضيفًا، «ربما أكون أكثر ممثل مكروه في هوليود. وأشعر بالرضا حيال ذلك. لأن هذا أنا... لقد وُلدت عدواني، وأعتقد أنني سأموت عدوانيًا». لاحظ زملاء العمل والمساعدين على حد سواء سمات مماثلة، مع ملاحظة برت لانكستر ذات مرة، «سيكون كيرك أول من يخبرك أنه رجل صعب للغاية. وسأكون الثاني». تُعزى شخصية دوغلاس الوقحة إلى نشأته الصعبة إذ عاش في فقر مع أب سكير عدواني والذي أهمل كيرك كطفل صغير. طبقًا لدوغلاس، «كان هناك الكثير من الغضب الشديد في داخلي، والغضب الذي كنت أخشى الكشف عنه لأنه كان هناك أكثر من ذلك بكثير، وأقوى بكثير، في والدي». وكثيرًا ما اعتُرف بانضباط دوغلاس وخفة دمه وروح فكاهته.

الزيجات والأطفال
تزوج دوغلاس زوجته الأولى، ديانا ديل، في 2 نوفمبر عام 1943. أنجبا ابنين، الممثل مايكل دوغلاس والمنتج جويل دوغلاس، قبل طلاقهما في عام 1951. بعد ذلك، في باريس، التقى المنتجة آن بويدينز (اسمها عند الولادة هانيلور ماركس؛ وُلدت في 23 أبريل عام 1919، هانوفر بألمانيا) أثناء عمله في موقع تصوير فيلم رغبة في الحياة. هربت في الأصل من ألمانيا فرارًا من النازية ونجت عن طريق استخدام مهاراتها اللغوية المتعددة للعمل في استوديو للأفلام، وترجمة العناوين الفرعية. تزوجا في 29 مايو عام 1954. في عام 2014، احتفلا بالذكرى السنوية الستين لزواجهما في قصر غريستون في بيفرلي هيلز. أنجبا ابنين، بيتر، منتج وإريك، الممثل الذي توفي في 6 يوليو عام 2004، بسبب جرعة زائدة من الكحول والمخدرات. في عام 2017، أصدر الزوجان كتابًا بعنوان كيرك وآن: رسائل في الحب والضحك والحياة في هوليوود، والذي كشف عن خطابات حميمة قاما بمشاركتها عبر السنين. طوال زواجهما، كان دوغلاس على علاقة بنساء أخريات، بما في ذلك العديد من نجيمات هوليوود، ولو أنه لم يخفِ أبدًا خياناته عن زوجته التي كانت تقبلها، والذي أوضح: «كأوروبي، فهمت أنه من غير الواقعي توقع الدقة الكاملة في الزواج».

السياسة
سافر دوغلاس وزوجته إلى أكثر من 40 دولة، على نفقتهما الخاصة، ليكونا سفراء الأمم المتحدة للنوايا الحسنة لوكالة المعلومات الأمريكية، حيث تحدثوا إلى الجماهير حول سبب نجاح الديمقراطية ومعنى الحرية. في عام 1980، سافر دوغلاس إلى القاهرة للتحدث مع الرئيس المصري أنور السادات. بسبب كل جهوده الودية، حصل على وسام الحرية الرئاسي من الرئيس جيمي كارتر في عام 1981. في الحفل، قال كارتر إن دوغلاس «فعل ذلك بطريقة فيها الكثير من التضحية، دون أي ضجة تقريبًا ودون المطالبة بأي ائتمان شخصي أو إشادة بنفسه». في السنوات اللاحقة، أدلى دوغلاس بشهادته أمام الكونغرس حول إساءة معاملة المسنين.

كان دوغلاس عضوًا في الحزب الديمقراطي طوال حياته. كتب رسائل إلى السياسيين الذين كانوا أصدقاء. دوّن في مذكراته، دعونا نواجه هذا (2007)، شعوره بالإجبار عند الكتابة إلى الرئيس السابق جيمي كارتر في عام 2006 من أجل التأكيد على أن «إسرائيل هي الدولة الديمقراطية الوحيدة الناجحة في الشرق الأوسط ... [و] يجب عليها الاستمرار في العديد من الحروب ضد النزاعات الساحقة. إذا خسرت إسرائيل حربًا واحدة، سيفقدون إسرائيل».

الهوايات
دوّن دوغلاس من وقت لآخر. استضافه موقع ماي سبيس. استضاف موقع هافينغتون بوست منشوراته منذ عام 2012. اعتبارًا من عام 2008، اعتُقد أنه أقدم المُدونين شهرةً في العالم.

المشاكل الصحية والوفاة
في 28 يناير عام 1996، عانى دوغلاس من سكتة دماغية شديدة، مما أضعف قدرته على الكلام. أخبر الأطباء زوجته أنه ما لم يكن هناك تحسن سريع، فمن المحتمل أن يكون فقدان القدرة على الكلام دائمًا. بعد نظام العلاج اليومي للغة الكلام الذي استمر عدة أشهر، عادت قدرته على الكلام، على الرغم من أنها كانت لا تزال محدودة. تمكن من قبول جائزة الأوسكار الفخرية بعد شهرين في مارس وشكر الجمهور. كتب عن هذه التجربة في كتابه الصادر في عام 2002، ضربة حظي، والذي كان يأمل أن يكون «دليل تشغيل» للآخرين حول كيفية التعامل مع ضحية السكتة الدماغية في أسرهم.

توفي دوغلاس في منزله في بيفرلي هيلز بولاية كاليفورنيا، مُحاطًا بالأسرة، في 5 فبراير عام 2020، عن عمر يناهز 103 عامًا. بقي سبب الوفاة سرًا. أُقيمت جنازة دوغلاس في مقبرة حديقة قرية ويستوود ميموريال في 7 فبراير عام 2020.

أفلامه
 رسالة لثلاث زوجات
 قصة محقق
 السيئ والجميلة
 20000 فرسخ تحت الماء
 رغبة في الحياة
 النزاع المسلح في أو كيه كورال
 دروب المجد
 سبارتاكوس
 الضوء في إحاطة العالم
 ممسوس بملاك

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أفراد البحرية الأمريكية في الحرب العالمية الثانية
أفراد عسكريون من ولاية نيويورك
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي بيلاروسي
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي روسي
جنود بحرية الولايات المتحدة
حائزون على الوسام الرئاسي للحرية
حائزون على جائزة الأوسكار الفخرية
حاصلون على وسام جوقة الشرف
خريجو الأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون المسرحية
خريجو الأكاديمية الأميركية للفنون المسرحية
خريجو جامعة سانت لورانس
ديمقراطيون من ولاية كاليفورنيا
ديمقراطيون من ولاية نيويورك
عسكريون أمريكيون يهود
فاعلو خير أمريكيون
كتاب أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب أمريكيون في القرن 21
كتاب أمريكيون يهود
كتاب من ولاية نيويورك
مئويون أمريكيون
مئويون رجال
مخرجو أفلام من ولاية نيويورك
مدفونون في مقبرة حديقة قرية ويستوود ميموريال
مدونون أمريكيون
مدونون ومدونات أمريكيون
مكرمون من مركز كينيدي
ممثلو أفلام أمريكيون
ممثلو أفلام غرب أمريكي
ممثلو تلفزيون أمريكيون
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 20
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 21
ممثلون إذاعيون أمريكيون
ممثلون حائزون على جائزة غولدن غلوب لأفضل ممثل دراما
ممثلون ذكور يهود أمريكيون
ممثلون من ولاية نيويورك
منتجو أفلام أمريكيون
منتجو أفلام من ولاية نيويورك
مواليد 1916
مواليد في أمستردام (نيويورك)
ناجون من سكتة دماغية
وفيات 2020
وفيات بعمر 103
وفيات مرتبطة بالمرض في كاليفورنيا
يهود أشكناز
يهود أمريكيون في القرن 20
يهود أمريكيون في القرن 21
يهود محافظون أمريكيون

كيرك دوغلاس


Güneydoğu Grubu, Amerikan profesyonel basketbol ligi NBA'in Doğu Konferansı'nda bulunan bir gruptur. 5 takımdan oluşur.

Takımlar

Grubu en çok birinci bitiren takımlar

Grup Şampiyonları

 2005: Miami Heat
 2006: Miami Heat
 2007: Miami Heat
 2008: Orlando Magic
 2009: Orlando Magic
 2010: Orlando Magic
 2011: Miami Heat
 2012: Miami Heat
 2013: Miami Heat
 2014: Miami Heat
 2015: Atlanta Hawks
 2016: Miami Heat
 2017: Washington Wizards
 2018: Miami Heat
 2019: Orlando Magic
 2020: Miami Heat
 2021: Atlanta Hawks
 2022: Miami Heat
 2023: Miami Heat

NBA grupları
Doğu Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde spor

Güneydoğu Grubu (NBA)


Le Crew Dragon Freedom (capsule Dragon C212) est un véhicule spatial Crew Dragon fabriqué et exploité par SpaceX et utilisé par le Programme d'équipage commercial de la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Historique des vols

Notes et références

Véhicule spatial habité
Crew Dragon

Crew Dragon Freedom


An Vrydagzynea vitiensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Vrydagzynea vitiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Vrydagzynea, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Vrydagzynea

Vrydagzynea vitiensis


Esîr, eski stoacıların ve günümüzde teozofların "ether" dedikleri, maddenin insanın beş duyusu ile algılayamadığı; katı, sıvı ve gaz hallerine oranla yoğunluğu daha az, vibrasyonel hızı daha yüksek, daha süptil ve daha akışkan haline verdikleri addır.

Ether teriminin kökeni, antik çağ inisiyasyonlarında kullanıldığı biçimiyle, aither veya aiether olarak da yazılan aether'dir. Eski Yunancada aether, kökeni olan "aitho" sözcüğünden de anlaşılabileceği gibi, "ateşli, parlak ve havadan daha süptil olan" anlamına gelmekteydi ve fiziksel bir mekanı ifade etmiyordu. Aether, antik çağın ezoterik öğretilerinde kimi zaman maddenin esîr denilen halini, kimi zaman da maddenin "ilk madde" (materia prima) denilen ilk, cevherî halini ifade etmek üzere kullanılıyordu. 1800'lü yıllarda bazı fizikçiler "mutlak gözlem çerçevesi"ni tarihsel nedenlerle "esir" olarak adlandırmıştı. Bu sadece kavramsal bir adlandırmaydı, ve antik Yunanda söz edilen esir değildi. Daha sonraları Albert Einstein'ın özel görelilik kuramı ile mutlak bir gözlem çerçevesinin olmadığı anlaşıldı.

Kısaca esîr ya da ether, maddenin algılanamayan dördüncü hali olarak kabul edilmişti. Teozofi'ye göre, Şamanizm'de ve birçok inanışta "yedi kat gök", "dokuz kat gök" "on iki kat gök" vs. olarak sözü edilen "gök katları", maddenin bu dördüncü halinin birbirini izleyen derecelerinin belirtilmesinden ibaret olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu derecelenme için "gezegensel zincir" (planetary chain) terimini kullanan Teozofi'ye göre Güneş Sistemi içinde on iki kademelenme olmakla birlikte, Dünya gezegensel zinciri ancak yedi kademeden oluşur. İnsanın da bu şekilde, fiziksel bedeni ile ruhu arasındaki gitgide süptilleşen bedenleriyle, 7 bedenden oluştuğunu iddia ederler.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Aura (teozofik)
 Astral Seyahat
 Kirlian fotoğrafçılığı
 Sözdebilim
 Esîr çekim teorisi

Kaynakça
 İnanç Sözlüğü, Orhan Hançerlioğlu (Aither maddesi)
 Dictionary of Mysticism, Nevill Drury
 An Occult Glossary,Theosophical University Press,Kaliforniya,1933
 Dharma Ansiklopedi, Dharma Yayınları

Dış bağlantılar
 Modern Scientific Theories of the ancient Aether

Okültizm

Esîr


Leigh William Steinberg (born March 27, 1949) is an American sports agent, philanthropist, and author. During his 41-year career, Steinberg has represented over 300 professional athletes in football, baseball, basketball, boxing, and Olympic sports. He has represented the No. 1 overall pick in the NFL draft a record eight times. Steinberg is often credited as the real-life inspiration for the sports agent in Cameron Crowe's film Jerry Maguire in 1996.

Background
Steinberg was born and raised in Los Angeles by his parents, a teacher and a librarian, who pushed public service along with ambition. He attended Hamilton High School. He attended the University of California Los Angeles, for one year (1966–67) before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley. He also was a resident assistant at the UC Berkeley dorms and had Steve Bartkowski and Steve Wozniak on his floor. Steinberg eventually formed his own student government political party, called Unity. His moderate politics at the protest-prone Berkeley at the height of the Vietnam War drew such a following that he was elected President of the Associated Students of the University of California, the university's student government. He subsequently resigned from his post as a result of a cheating scandal. He earned a B.A. in political science in 1970 and a J.D. in 1973 from UC Berkeley.

Business
For many years Steinberg and Jeff Moorad had a sports agency partnership called "Steinberg, Moorad & Dunn", or "SMD". They sold that firm in October 1999 to Assante Sports Management Group, a Canadian financial-management firm, for a reported $120 million. Assante acquired several other sports agencies. In February 2002, David Dunn left SMD to open Athletes First, taking about 50 NFL players with him and opening offices about a mile from Steinberg's in Newport Beach, Calif. Extensive litigation ensued involving Dunn and Assante.

Steinberg has successfully negotiated over $3 billion in contracts for players including Troy Aikman, Steve Young, and Patrick Mahomes.  He has represented the No. 1 pick overall in the NFL draft a record eight times, in addition to representing over 60 other first round draft picks in the NFL.

Philanthropy
Steinberg has actively been involved with the Human Relations Commission, Children Now, Children's Miracle Network, Coro Fellows Program, and the Starlight Foundation. He founded and underwrites the Steinberg Leadership Institute, a nationwide program run by the Anti-Defamation League preparing students to fight racism and inequality throughout the world which has since become the Glass Leadership Institute. He has endowed scholarships at his high school, donated time and resources to organizations such as Special Olympics, Juvenile Diabetes Foundation, and Junior Achievement. He has also endowed a classroom at Boalt Hall at the University of California at Berkeley. Steinberg's community activism has drawn praise from the political world. He has received accommodations from Congress, State Senate, State Legislature, The Los Angeles City Council, Orange County Board of Supervisors, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton.

Entertainment
Steinberg  has received screen credit as a technical consultant on several films, including Jerry Maguire, Any Given Sunday, and For the Love of the Game. He has also worked as a consultant for the HBO original series Arli$$ and served as the title sponsor of the annual Newport Beach Film Festival.

Steinberg made an appearance in the film Jerry Maguire, and is credited as the real life inspiration of the sports agents from that film.

He has developed original television and film content for Fox Television, Warner Brothers Studios, ABC Entertainment, and HBO. He has been at the forefront of the Internet revolution, creating and building sports websites, strategically aligning his firm with ESPN's Sportzone.com and developing online marketing courseware for professionals and students alike. He has lent his marketing expertise to the video game software business and served as a member of the Board of Directors for two software manufacturers.

Media appearances and book writing
Steinberg wrote a best-selling book with Michael D'Orso, Winning with Integrity: Getting What You Want Without Selling Your Soul, published by Three Rivers Press in October 1999. The book provides readers insight on how to improve their life through non-confrontational negotiating. The majority of the proceeds raised on his 1999 book tour were donated to the Junior Achievement Educational Foundation. His book The Agent: My 40-Year Career Making Deals and Changing the Game was published in 2014.

Steinberg was a speaker at the independently organized TED Talk hosted by Chapman University. He spoke about "Making an impact in the world through sports". Steinberg gave key insights into the changes he's brought to the world through sports; one of his strategies was to encourage his clients to give back to the high school community that helped shape them. Steinberg made it a practice not to take any clients who weren't interested in contributing.

Other
In 1992, Steinberg helped lead a successful campaign to prevent the San Francisco Giants baseball club from relocating to Florida. For his efforts, then San Francisco Mayor Frank Jordan honored him by declaring "Leigh Steinberg Day" in the city of San Francisco soon after.

In 1994, then Oakland Mayor Elihu Harris utilized Steinberg as a consultant in his successful bid to prevent the Oakland Athletics baseball club from relocating to Sacramento or San Jose.

Steinberg also served as co-chairperson of the "Save the Rams" committee in its unsuccessful attempt to keep the franchise from leaving Southern California and was active in pursuits to attract a new football franchise to locate in Los Angeles.

Personal life
He lives in Southern California and has three children.

Bankruptcy
Steinberg describes his financial problems as having mounted since 2003, when he became involved with extensive litigation with Dunn and Assante (see above), escalating with his 2008 divorce settlement, and also exacerbated by problems with alcoholism. Steinberg was arrested for DUI in 1997 and again in 2007, and for public intoxication in 2008, all in Newport Beach, California. In December 2011, it was reported that a bench warrant had been issued against Steinberg after he failed to appear at a scheduled hearing, concerning an unpaid judgement of $1.4 million, by far the largest of several debts he owes; in fact the bench warrant was authorized by a judge but never issued. On January 11, 2012 Steinberg filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection. In 2012 a party thrown by friends celebrated 2 years of sober living for Steinberg. Steinberg celebrated a decade of sobriety in 2020.

References

1949 births
Living people
People from Newport Beach, California
American philanthropists
Jewish American writers
American sports agents
University of California, Berkeley alumni
UC Berkeley School of Law alumni
Sports agents
21st-century American Jews

Leigh Steinberg


Ríu ríu chíu é uma canção natalina renascentista espanhola cuja letra e música vêm do Upsala Songbook. Embora o autor não seja mencionado nesta publicação, acredita-se que tenha sido composto por Mateo Flecha, o Velho.

Descrição
Embora algumas fontes o descrevam como anônimo, é atribuído a Mateo Flecha, o Velho, que morreu em 1553.  A obra guarda algumas semelhanças com a canção natalina Falalanlera, do compositor espanhol Bartomeu Cárceres.  O texto e a música vêm de uma única fonte conhecida, o Uppsala Songbook, publicado em Veneza em 1556. A única cópia existente está na biblioteca da Universidade de Uppsala e é a composição número 14 das que compõem o texto.

O texto expõe dois temas principais, a libertação de Maria do pecado original e o nascimento de Jesus.

Referências

Hinos cristãos
Canções da Espanha

Ríu ríu chíu


Alligatoah (* 28. September 1989 in Langen; bürgerlich Lukas Strobel; auch Die Terroristen) ist ein deutscher Rapper, Sänger, Gitarrist, Produzent, Komponist und Songwriter. Besonders in der Frühphase seines Schaffens stand der Name Alligatoah auch für eine HipHop-Band, die aus den beiden fiktiven Figuren Kaliba 69 (Rapper) und DJ Deagle (Produzent) besteht, deren Rollen Strobel selbst übernimmt und spielt.

Leben und Karriere

Lukas Strobel wuchs im niedersächsischen Neuenwalde bei Bremerhaven als Sohn einer Tänzerin und eines Schauspielers auf. Während seiner Schulzeit produzierte er ab 2003 eine Reihe von Kurzfilmen und konnte bei einem Jugendfilmfestival das Preisgeld von 750 Euro gewinnen. Er erhielt einige Jahre lang Gitarrenunterricht, beendete diesen jedoch schließlich zugunsten seines Filmschaffens. Zu Beginn seiner musikalischen Karriere produzierte er seine Musikvideos selbst, bis heute ist er an der Produktion beteiligt.

Während in seinem persönlichen Umfeld Punk sehr populär war, begeisterte Strobel sich besonders für Nu Metal und später auch für deutschen Battlerap. Auch die Musik deutscher Liedermacher hörte er gerne und häufig. Schließlich begann er selbst, Rapmusik aufzunehmen und gründete dafür am 10. April 2006, im Alter von 16 Jahren, die fiktive Gruppe Alligatoah aus zwei Alter Egos, um seine Funktion als Texter und Rapper (Kaliba 69) sowie Beatproduzent (DJ Deagle) zu trennen. Nach eigener Aussage wollte er darüber hinaus bei dem Erstellen seiner Songs "nicht mehr so alleine sein". Den Namen Alligatoah gab er sich laut eigener Aussage ohne besonderen Grund. Er selbst fände den Namen nicht gut, sei jedoch froh darüber, denn so könne er über ihn meckern.

2006 veröffentlichte er sein erstes Album ATTNTAAT, das sich mit religiösem Fanatismus befasst und das Image seiner Kunstfiguren als Taliban-Terroristen prägte. Im selben Jahr folgte Schlaftabletten, Rotwein Teil I, das er, genau wie die folgenden Teile dieser Reihe, als "Mixtape" bezeichnete, obwohl es keine Zusammenstellung fremden Materials sei, sondern ausschließlich Eigenkompositionen enthielte. Die Bezeichnung "Mixtape" sollte diese systemlosen Zusammenstellungen spaßiger, häufig alberner und experimenteller Titel von seinen anderen Alben abgrenzen, die jeweils übergeordnete Themen behandelten. Beide Alben stellte er zum kostenfreien Herunterladen zur Verfügung, ebenso wie den im August erschienenen Musikfilm Goldfieber. 2007 folgte Schlaftabletten, Rotwein Teil II. Im März 2008 unterschrieb Alligatoah einen Vertrag bei rappers.in. Am 19. Dezember des Jahres veröffentlichte er dort das Album In Gottes Namen, das ebenfalls religiösen Fanatismus zum Thema hatte. Dieses wurde in der Januar- / Februarausgabe der Juice als Demo des Monats ausgezeichnet. Für die Ausgabe steuerte Alligatoah außerdem einen Juice-Exclusive-Track bei.

Nach seinem Abitur zog er nach Berlin und absolvierte eine schulische Ausbildung zum Mediengestalter Bild und Ton. 2011 veröffentlichte er bei rappers.in Schlaftabletten, Rotwein Teil III. Im August desselben Jahres wechselte Alligatoah zum Label Trailerpark. Timi Hendrix, Mitglied der bei Trailerpark unter Vertrag stehenden Gruppe Pimpulsiv, war durch das Lied Namen machen auf Alligatoah aufmerksam geworden und stellte den Kontakt zu dem Label her. Im Dezember 2011 veröffentlichte er bei seinem neuen Label die Mixtape-Fortsetzung Schlaftabletten, Rotwein Teil IV. Von September 2011 bis März 2012 tourte er mit Pimpulsiv, Sudden und DNP mit der PeppNoseDays Tour durch Deutschland. Zwischen den einzelnen Auftritten unterstützte Alligatoah gemeinsam mit Trailerpark die Hip-Hop-Formation K.I.Z als Vorgruppe.

Im August 2013 veröffentlichte Alligatoah sein drittes Album Triebwerke, das auf Platz eins der Albumcharts einstieg und die Liebe zum Oberthema hat. Das Album wurde 2014 mit einer Goldenen Schallplatte ausgezeichnet, die daraus ausgekoppelte Single Willst Du hat Platin-Status erreicht. Im Jahr 2014 wurde Alligatoah für die 1LIVE Krone in der Kategorie Bester Hip-Hop-Act nominiert.

Im September 2014 erschien ein Remix seines Liedes Willst du von dem deutschen DJ und Produzenten Robin Schulz, der zuvor mit seinen Remixen zu den Liedern Waves und Prayer in C jeweils Platz eins der deutschen Single-Charts erreicht hatte. Die Version schaffte wenige Stunden nach der Veröffentlichung den Sprung in die deutschen iTunes-Charts.

Am 31. August 2015 kündigte Alligatoah sein viertes Album Musik ist keine Lösung an, das am 27. November 2015 erschien. Seine Lieder thematisieren verschiedene Problemfelder gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens. Die Musikvideos zu den Titeln Vor Gericht, Lass liegen und Denk an die Kinder wurden bereits vor Release des Albums auf YouTube veröffentlicht. Einen Tag vor Veröffentlichung stellte Strobel auch den namensgebenden Titel Musik ist keine Lösung als Lyrik-Video auf YouTube. Am 3. Dezember desselben Jahres gewann er die 1LIVE Krone in der Kategorie Bester Hip-Hop-Act.

Im Februar 2016 begann Alligatoah seine neue Tour mit dem Namen "Himmelfahrtskommando", bei der er in insgesamt elf deutschen Städten sowie in Zürich, Graz und Wien Halt machte. Begleitet wurde er von BattleBoi Basti, zusätzlich diente der Kreuzberger Rapper BRKN als Voract. Am 5. April erreichte Alligatoah mit seinem Album "Musik ist keine Lösung" erneut die Marke von 100.000 Verkäufen und erhielt dafür eine weitere Gold-Auszeichnung.

Am 14. September 2018 erschien mit Schlaftabletten, Rotwein V das fünfte reguläre Studioalbum von Strobel. Im Gegensatz zu den vorherigen Veröffentlichungen der Schlaftabletten, Rotwein-Reihe (kurz StRw) ordnet Strobel diese als vollwertiges Album ein. Als erste Single-Auskopplung stieg Alli-Alligatoah auf Platz 85 in den deutschen Charts ein. Das Lied Beinebrechen beinhaltet ein Featuring von Felix Kummer, dem Leadsänger der Chemnitzer Musikgruppe Kraftklub. Das Musikvideo zu I Need A Face wurde zusammen mit Max Giermann gedreht. Zeitgleich zum regulären Album erschien unter dem Titel Fremde Zungen ein Coveralbum, in dem zehn Lieder aus verschiedenen Musikbereichen akustisch von Strobel interpretiert wurden. Zu den gecoverten Interpreten gehören Slipknot, Rolf Zuckowski, Rammstein, Die 3. Generation, Heinz Erhardt, Sia, Hannes Wader und Matt Monro.

Im Januar 2019 trat er die Wie-Zuhause-Tour an, benannt nach der gleichnamigen Rhapsodie auf StRw V. Hier spielte er zum ersten Mal das Lied Nicht wecken. Weiterhin trat er beim New Fall Festival in der Tonhalle Düsseldorf gemeinsam mit dem Gregor Schwellenbach Sextett auf, das ihn akustisch begleitete.

Für 2020 wurde die Tour Wie Zuhause Open Air angekündigt, die in Rostock, Dresden, Erfurt, Ludwigsburg und Osnabrück Halt machen sollte, jedoch wegen der Corona-Pandemie auf das Jahr 2021 verschoben wurde. April 2020 spielte Alligatoah zwei Konzerte mit dem Titel Autoimmun in einem Düsseldorfer Autokino an, die vom Fernsehsender arte live gestreamt wurden. Im Laufe des Jahres folgten in verschiedenen deutschen Großstädten weitere Konzerte im Autokino-Format.

Im Sommer 2021 startete Alligatoah die Akkordarbeit Tour 2021, in welcher er in Dresden, Hamburg, Rügen, Leipzig, Köln, Hannover, Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock sowie dem Little Happiness Festival in akustischer Begleitung durch das Gregor Schwellenbach Streichquartett auftrat.

Im März 2022 erschien sein sechstes Studioalbum Rotz & Wasser, kurz darauf folgte die Ankündigung seiner Tour Retour für das Jahr 2023.

Stil

Alligatoah bedient sich oft des Stils des Battleraps. "Bei mir war Battlen immer ein Werkzeug, ich habe Battle verwendet, um eine Geschichte zu erzählen", sagte er in einem Interview 2012. Während in dieser Szene großer Wert darauf gelegt wird, möglichst authentisch und echt zu wirken, bezeichnet er sich selbst als Schauspielrapper.

Alligatoah setzt häufig gesungene Parts ein und unterstützt seine Lieder mit der Gitarre. Oft benutzt er Zitate oder Musik, die an den Film Uhrwerk Orange von Stanley Kubrick erinnern. So ist beispielsweise der Intro-Track zu Schlaftabletten, Rotwein Teil I mit der Titelmusik von Uhrwerk Orange unterlegt. Der Intro-Track Singing in the Rain auf dem Album ATTNTAAT erinnert an den Anfang der Szene, in der Alex DeLarge in ein Haus einbricht und während der Vergewaltigung einer Frau Singin' in the Rain singt. Außerdem verwendet Alligatoah in einem Track den Begriff "Rein-raus-Spiel", welcher von Alex DeLarge als Synonym für Geschlechtsverkehr verwendet wird. Es finden sich aber auch andere Bezüge zum Werk Kubricks: In seinem Song Willst du spielt er mit der Zeile

auf das Finale des Films The Shining von Kubrick an.

Diskografie

Filmografie
 2007: Goldfieber (Rapmusical)
 2020: Boot un Dood

Auszeichnungen

1LIVE Krone
 2015: Bester Hip-Hop Act
Webvideopreis Deutschland
 2016: nominiert für Musik

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website

Quellen

Rapper
DJ
Hip-Hop-Produzent
Träger der 1 Live Krone
Pseudonym
Musiker (Berlin)
Trailerpark
Deutscher
Geboren 1989
Mann

Alligatoah


Lenapehoking () is widely translated as 'homelands of the Lenape', which in the 16th and 17th centuries, ranged along the Eastern seaboard from western Connecticut to Delaware, and encompassed the territory adjacent to the Delaware and lower Hudson river valleys, and the territory between them.

Beginning in the 17th century, European colonists started settling on traditional Lenape lands. Combined with the concurrent introduction of Eurasian infectious diseases and encroachment from the colonists, the Lenape were severely depopulated and lost control over large portions of Lenapehoking. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the United States government forcibly removed the Lenape to the American Midwest, including the state of Oklahoma.

Lenape nations today control lands within Oklahoma (Delaware Nation and Delaware Tribe of Indians), Wisconsin (Stockbridge-Munsee Community), and Ontario (Munsee-Delaware Nation, Moravian of the Thames First Nation, and Delaware of Six Nations).

Meaning
Lenape speakers in Oklahoma called their northeastern homelands  translating to: in the land of the Lenape. It was popularized when Nora Thompson Dean shared the term with Theodore Cornu in 1970, and later with Herbert C. Kraft. This term has gained widespread acceptance and is found widely in recent literature on the Lenape and in New York institutions today.

Another historical Lenape term for much of the same region is Scheyischbi or Scheyichbi, although this is also often cited as referring specifically to New Jersey.

Range and bounds
At the time of the arrival of the Europeans in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Lenape homeland ranged along the Atlantic's coast from western Connecticut to Delaware, which generally encompassed the territory adjacent to the Delaware and lower Hudson river valleys, as well the hill-and-ridge dominated territory between them. Relatives of the Algonquian Amerindians whose territories ranged along the entire coast from beyond the Saint Lawrence River in today's Canada, and the tribes throughout all of New England, down into northern South Carolina, the Delaware Confederation stretched from the southern shores of modern-day Delaware along the Atlantic seaboard into western Long Island and Connecticut, then extended westwards across the Hudson water gap into the eastern Catskills part of the Appalachians range around the headwaters of the Delaware River and along both banks of its basin down to the mouth of the Lehigh River.

Inland, the tribe had to deal with the fierce and territorial Susquehannocks; the Delawares' territory has generally been plotted with boundaries along mountain ridges topped by the drainage divides between the right bank tributaries of the Delaware River on the east—and on the west and south—the left bank tributaries of the Susquehanna and Lehigh Rivers; bounds which included the Catskills, northern parts of eastern Pennsylvania down through the entire Poconos along the left bank of the Lehigh River. The Schuylkill River and its mouth (future Philadelphia area counties) or right bank Lehigh was contested hunting grounds, generally shared with the Susquehannock and the occasional visit by a related Potomac tribe when there wasn't active tribal warfare. The greater Philadelphia area was known to host European to Indian contacts from the Dutch traders contacts with the Susquehanna (1600), English traders (1602), and both tribes with New Netherlands traders after 1610.

Along the left bank Delaware valley, the territory extended to all of present-day New Jersey, and the southern counties of New York State, including Rockland, Orange, Westchester, and Putnam Counties, Nassau County, and the five boroughs of New York City.

Present day
Several indigenous peoples from diverse tribes, both from the region historically and from elsewhere, live in the Northeast megalopolis or Eastern Seaboard. Many of people from the Haudenosaunee Confederacy moved into the area in the 1920s to 1960s and were employed as skyscraper construction workers (many belonged to the Mohawk Tribe) and played an important role in building the skyline of Philadelphia and New York City. In the University City section of West Philadelphia, there has been some political activity by Urban Indian residents of the area, who adapted the namesake  to where they live.

Lenape nations today control lands within Oklahoma (Delaware Nation and Delaware Tribe of Indians), Wisconsin (Stockbridge-Munsee Community), and Ontario (Munsee-Delaware Nation, Moravian of the Thames First Nation, and Delaware of Six Nations).

Lenape place names
Lenape place names are used throughout the region. The following are merely examples and the list is by no means exhaustive.

New York

Manhattan

 Manhattan is derived from , a Dutch version of a Lenape place name, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, an officer on Henry Hudson's yacht Halve Maen (Half Moon). A 1610 map depicts the name Manahata twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River (later named the North River, and now called the Hudson River). The word Manhattan has been translated as 'island of many hills' from the Lenape language. The Encyclopedia of New York City offers other derivations, including from the Munsee dialect of Lenape:  ('place of general inebriation'),  ('place where timber is procured for bows and arrows'), or  ('island'). Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman) defined it as: 'place that is an island', from Lenape .
 Sapokanikan – habitation site and cultivated area by the cove on the Hudson River at present day Gansevoort Street, Greenwich Village.
 Nechtanc – habitation site along the East River site of Jacob Van Corlaer's plantation at Corlaer's Hook, near the present location of the Williamsburg Bridge, in the part of the Lower East Side that is near Chinatown.
Indirectly named after Lenape shell middens: Pearl Street and Collect Pond

Staten Island
  – name for Staten Island
  – name for Staten Island
  – habitation site and cultivated area along Great Kills Harbor

Brooklyn
  or  – habitation in Bay Ridge near the present location of the Verrazzano Narrows Bridge
 Gowanus Canal – originally named by early settlers as "Gowanes Creek" after , sachem of the local Lenape tribe called the Canarsee, who lived and farmed along the shores of the creek. Also source of the neighborhood Gowanus and the Heights of Guan.
  – habitation site in present Red Hook

Queens
 Rockaway, evolved from the Lenape word , which apparently referred to 'a sandy place'.
 Maspeth originally Mas-pet were a part of the Rockaway band that lived along Maspeth Creek.

Westchester County
 Ossining – derived from the local  tribe, meaning 'stone upon stone', and , also meaning 'stone'.
 Mamaroneck – from Munsee "striped stream/river"; not, as is often incorrectly cited, as "the place where fresh water falls into the sea"
 Tuckahoe
 Armonk
  – name for White Plains which is a direct translation meaning 'the white plains' or 'the white marshes', either referring to the white fog that hangs over the area, or the white balsam trees said to grow there.
  – name for Mount Kisco
 Chappaqua
 Katonah
 Croton
 Crompond

Rockland County
 Monsey – from the name of the Munsees, northern branch of the Lenapes

New Jersey
 Absecon – meaning: 'little water'
 Assunpink Creek – meaning: 'Stony Creek' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'rocky place that is watery', from Lenape .
 Communipaw (in downtown Jersey City) – 'riverside landing place'
 Cushetunk  – 'place of hogs'
 Hackensack – 'stream flowing into another on a plain/ in a swamp/ in a lowland' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'place of sharp ground', from Lenape .
 Hoboken – 'where pipes are traded' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'tobacco pipe', from Lenape .
 Hohokus – 'red cedars'
 Hopatcong – 'pipe stone' ( 'honey waters of many coves' as early 20th-century boosters would have it)
 Kittatinny – 'great hill' or 'endless mountain' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'big mountain', from Lenape .
 Mahwah – 'meeting place'
 Manahawkin – 'place where there is good land' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'where the land slopes', from Lenape .
 Manalapan – municipality's name is said to have come from Lenape and is said to mean 'land of good bread'
 Mantoloking – said to be either 'frog ground', 'sandy place' or 'land of sunsets'
 Manasquan – "Man-A-Squaw-Han", meaning 'stream of the island of squaws' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'place to gather grass', from Lenape .
 Mantua – said to have come from the "Munsees", North Jersey Lenapes, but the township is in South Jersey.
 Matawan – 'hill on either side'
 Metuchen – 'dry firewood'
 Minisink – 'from the rocky land', is the old name for the Munsee, and the name of an ancient Lenape trade route that ran along a good part of what is now US Highway 46 in Northern New Jersey
 Musconetcong
 Netcong – Abbreviation of .
 Parsippany – original form was , which means 'the place where the river winds through the valley'
 Passaic – 'valley' or 'river flowing through a valley' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'valley', from Lenape .
 Peapack – 'place of water roots'
 Raritan – original form was ; may have meant 'river behind the island' or 'forked river'.
 Scheyichbi – Meaning of name varies. notes two possible meanings: the land that the Lenapes called their country, or 'land of the shell money' ().
 Secaucus – 'black snakes'.
 Weehawken – 'place of gulls'.
 Whippany – meaning from the original , 'place of the arrow wood' or 'place of the willow trees'

Pennsylvania
 Aquashicola Creek –  derived from the Lenape, meaning 'where we fish with the bushnet'.
 Cacoosing Creek –  derived from the Lenape word , meaning 'owl'
 Buckwampum Mountain – located in eastern Springfield Township, Bucks County, means 'a round bog'.
 Catasauqua – 'thirsty ground'
 Catawissa – 'growing fat'
 Chinquapin – The name is taken from a small nut-bearing tree or shrub, resembling the American Chestnut.
 Cocalico – 'where the snakes collect in dens to pass the winter'
 Cohocksink Creek – from a Lenape word for 'pine lands'.
 Cohoquinoque Creek – derived from a Lenni-Lenape word for 'the grove of long pine trees'.
 Connoquenessing – 'a long way straight' (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)
 Conococheague Creek – 'water of many turns'
 Conodoguinet Creek – 'a long way with many bends'
 Conshohocken – original form , meaning pleasant valley. / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'elegant land', from Lenape .
 Hokendauqua Creek – From Lenape words: , or 'land', and , or 'to come for some purpose', Meaning: 'searching for land'
 Kingsessing – 'a place where there is a meadow'
 Kittatinny – 'great mountain' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'big mountain', from Lenape .
 Karakung – 'clay creek'
 Lahaska  – derived from  meaning 'the place of much writing',
 Lackawanna  – 'forks of a stream' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'sandy creek'; 'sandy river', from Lenape .  (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)
 Lehigh County – from Lenape word  meaning 'at the forks of a path or stream'
 Lycoming  – 'great stream'  (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)
 Macungie – derived from , meaning 'bear swamp' or 'feeding place of the Bears'.
 Mahoning Creek – from Lenape word , meaning 'at the mineral lick', referring to a place frequented by deer, elk and other animals.
 Manatawny Creek – 'place where we drank'
 Manayunk – 'place where we go to drink' / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'place to drink', from Lenape .
 Mauch Chunk Creek – from Lenape word , 'at the bear mountain' *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'where the hills are clustered', from Lenape .
 Maxatawny – from Lenape word , 'bear path stream'
 Monocacy – from Lenape word , 'stream with several large bends'
 Moselem  – 'trout stream'
 Moshannon Creek  – derived from , 'moose stream'  (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)
 Moyamensing  – place of judgment, located in the south part of Philadelphia
 Muckinipattis Creek – 'deep running water'
 Neshaminy Creek – from Lenape word , 'two streams' or 'double stream'
 Nesquehoning Creek – from Lenape word , 'black mineral lick'
 Nittany – 'single mountain'  (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)
 Nockamixon Township – from Lenape word , 'where there are three houses'
 Ockanickon Scout Reservation – named after a Lenape chief who assisted William Penn in the exploration of the Bucks County area.
 Okehocking Historic District – an 18th-century Indian Land Grant by William Pennto the Okehocking band of Lenape (Delaware) Indians in 1703.
 Ontelaunee  –  little daughter of a great mother
 Passyunk – a Philadelphia neighborhood and former township named for a Lenape village (compare to Passaic, New Jersey) / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'in the valley', from Lenape .
 Paxtang – 'where the waters stand'  (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)
 Paunacussing Creek – means 'where the powder was given to us'.
 Pennypack Creek – 'downward-flowing water'; a creek in and near Philadelphia.
 Perkasie – derived from , meaning 'where the hickory nuts were cracked'.
 Perkiomen Creek – derived from  meaning 'where the cranberries grow'; a creek in central Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.
 Pocono – from Lenape word , 'a stream between mountains'
 Poquessing Creek – 'place of the mice'
 Punxsutawney –  meaning 'town of the sandflies' (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)
 Saucon Creek – from Lenape word , 'the mouth of a stream'  (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)
 Shackamaxon –  which means 'place of the council' and is on the site of Penn Treaty Park in Philadelphia.
 Skippack  – from Lenape word , 'wet land'
 Susquehanna River – from Lenape , 'mile wide, foot deep'  (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)
 Tamaqua – from Lenape , 'beaver'
 Tatamy  – from Lenape name Chief Moses Tatamy who lived in the region and died in 1761
 Tohickon Creek – 'the stream over which we pass by means of a bridge of drift-wood' or simply 'deer-bone–creek'.
 Towamencin – a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, means 'poplar tree'
 Towamensing – 'fording place at the falls'
 Tulpehocken – 'land of turtles', the name of a creek and a SEPTA train station and street in Philadelphia / *Nora Thompson Dean (Touching Leaves Woman): 'turtle land', from Lenape .
 Unami Creek – From Lenape word  meaning 'person from down river'
Wallenpaupack - From Lenape name meaning the 'stream of swift and slow water.' Wallenpaupack Creek was dammed in 1928 to create Lake Wallenpaupack
 Wissahickon – 'yellow stream' or 'catfish stream'; a creek in and near Philadelphia.
 Wyomissing – meaning 'the land of flats'; a borough in Berks County Pennsylvania
 Youghiogheny – 'four streams' or 'winding stream'  (This Lenape placename does not occur within the bounds of Lenapehoking, as defined by the map accompanying this article.)

See also
 Turtle Island (Native American folklore)
 Apacheria
 Bergen, New Netherland
 Comancheria
 History of Delaware
 History of New Jersey
 History of New York (state)
 History of New York City
 History of Pennsylvania
 History of Philadelphia
 Huronia (region)
 New Amsterdam
 New Netherland
 New York metropolitan area
 Philadelphia metropolitan area

Notes

References

Cultural regions
Geography of New Jersey
Geography of New York (state)
Geography of Pennsylvania
Lenape
Native American history of New Jersey
Native American history of New York (state)
Native American history of Pennsylvania

Lenapehoking


Herrenhaus (German, literally "House of Lords") may refer to:

 a manor house or mansion,
 the Prussian House of Lords,
 Österreichisches Herrenhaus, see House of Lords (Austria).

See also
House of Lords (disambiguation)

Herrenhaus


En menstruationskop er et genanvendeligt hygiejneprodukt som kan bruges af kvinder ved menstruation. Det er et klokkeformet bæger, typisk lavet af medicinsk silikone, som indføres i skeden til at opsamle menstruationsblod frem for at absorbere det, som bind og tamponer gør, hvilket minimerer irritation og tørhed. Menstruationskoppen kan sidde i skeden i op til 12 timer ad gangen, hvorefter den udtages, renses og indføres igen. Efter endt menstruation koges menstruationskoppen, så den er klar til brug ved næste menstruation.

En menstruationskop kan bruges i adskillige år, så miljøet kan skånes for meget affald i forhold til brug af engangsprodukter.

En af de helt store fordele ved menstruationskoppen er, at risikoen for TSS (toksisk chok syndrom) er langt mindre, end ved brug af tamponer. En undersøgelser fra Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology viser, at der kun er fundet 1 tilfælde blandt forsøgspersonerne. Samtidigt er menstruationskoppen et klimavenligt alternativ til bind og tamponer.

Typer
Der findes forskellige typer af menstruationskopper, men de er primært lavet i medicinsk silikone eller termoplastisk elastomer (TPE), som er et gummi-lignende materiale. Den er genanvendelig og fremstillet til at kunne holde i op til 10 år. Nogle brands anbefaler, at man udskifter menstruationskoppen hvert år, mens andre blot oplyser forbrugeren om, at den kan holde i op til 10 år og udskiftes efter behov.

Størrelser
De fleste brands har en større og mindre størrelse menstruationskop. Den mindre anbefales til kvinder, som ikke har født vaginalt, til yngre piger og kvinder som er fysisk aktive og har en stærk bækkenbund. Den større størrelse anbefales til kvinder, som har født vaginalt eller kvinder som bløder kraftigt under menstruation.

Brug
Menstruationskoppen foldes og indføres i skeden. Hvis den er indsat korrekt, vil den folde sig ud og danne et lille vakuum . Hvis man er i tvivl, om den har foldet sig korrekt ud, kan man med en finger mærke i kanten om den slutter tæt hele vejen rundt. Hvis menstruationskoppen er indsat korrekt skulle man ikke mærke noget til den, og der burde ikke være nogen risiko for lækage, som med en tampon. For nogle kræver det lidt øvelse at indsætte menstruationskoppen korrekt, og det anbefales, at man øver sig udenfor menstruation. Der er en række forskellige foldeteknikker, som man kan anvende til indsættelsen. Én af de mest normale foldeteknikker er C-folden.

Efter 12 timers brug skal koppen tømmes. Udtagning gør man ved at starte med at vaske sine fingre og derefter tage fat i stilken med tommel- og pegefingre og trække i stilken, så koppen kommer længere ned i underlivet og man kan få fat i basen af menstruationskoppen. Derefter klemmer man let ind på koppen så vakuumet brydes og man kan trække koppen ud. Koppens indhold tømmes i toilettet, og koppen rengøres ved at blive skyllet i koldt vand eller med papir. Herefter foldes og indsættes den igen. Ved endt menstruation skoldes eller koges menstruationskoppen og opbevares i den medfølgende bomuldspose.

Eksterne henvisninger

Referencer

Hygiejneartikler
Væskebeholdere

Menstruationskop


Skyggen af tvivl er en kortfilm instrueret af Esben Tønnesen efter manuskript af Lærke Kløvedal, Esben Tønnesen.

Handling
Mobilen summer i lejligheden i det indre København, og Liv vælger efter nogen tøven at ringe op til den unge mand, hun var sammen med dagen i forvejen. Kortfilmen fører os herefter i en filmisk tour de force gennem historien om en forelskelse og den eksistentielle skygge og tvivl, der ligger over mange unges forbehold om at indgå i et nyt kæresteforhold.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2006

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Skyggen af tvivl


Hon. Jean Gervais Protais Blanchet (February 10, 1843 – December 11, 1908) was the second eldest of eleven children of Cyprien Blanchet, notary public of St. Francois, Beauce  and his wife, Marie Gosselin. He was a descendant of one of Quebec's oldest families who settled in Quebec in 1667. Born in St. Gervais, he was educated at Nicolet College. He entered Laval University to study law and was called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1863. He practised law with the firm of Henri-Elzear Taschereau. He was created a Q.C. by the government of Quebec in 1876 and had the same honour conferred on him by the Canadian government in 1880.  He was elected and served as batonnier of the Quebec section of the Bar from 1889-1891 and batonnier-general of the province 1890-1891.

He was defeated in his first try at politics losing the Beauce seat in the federal election of 1872. He represented the riding of Beauce from 1881 to 1892. Acclaimed as a Conservative member of the National Assembly in 1881, he resigned his position when we was appointed to the Cabinet on July 31, 1882. Acclaimed in a by-election of August 14, 1882, he was re-elected in 1886 and 1890. He held the office of Provincial Secretary and Registrar in the Mousseau, Ross and Taillon administrations. He served as Conservative leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1890 to 1891. He became leader of the Opposition after Conservative leader Louis-Olivier Taillon failed to win a seat in losing the 1890 Quebec election. He took part in all the important debates, including the provincial autonomy question, the exercise of the veto power and the Riel affair.  He was one of the commissioners selected in 1887 to revise the statute law of the province. He resigned his seat and the post of leader of the Opposition when he was appointed a judge of the Court of Queen's Bench on September 19, 1891. He received the honorary degree of LL.B from Laval University in 1891.

Later that same year, the Liberal government of Honoré Mercier was deposed by the Lieutenant Governor and the Conservative Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville became Premier.

He was a member of the Roman Catholic Church.  He married Jeanie, youngest daughter of Gen. Silas Seymour of New York, on August 5, 1878 at the Anglican Cathedral in Quebec.  The couple had three children: Seymour, Florence (Mrs. Norman Craik Ogilvie, and by her second marriage, Mrs. Herbert A. Laurie), and Maurice.

He was an honorary member of the Historical Society of Montreal, of L'Athénée Louisianais and of the Geological Society of Bordeaux, France.  He was for many years president of the Asbestos Mining and Manufacturing Society and of the Artisans' Permanent Building Society.  He was a member of the Garrison Club, the Union Club and the St. James Club. He is buried in the cemetery of Saint–Francois in Beauceville.

See also
Politics of Quebec
List of Quebec general elections
List of Quebec leaders of the Opposition
Timeline of Quebec history

References

1843 births
1908 deaths
People from Beauce, Quebec
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Université Laval alumni

Jean Blanchet (Quebec politician)


(3029) Sanders es un asteroide que forma parte del cinturón de asteroides y fue descubierto por Schelte John Bus el 1 de marzo de 1981 desde el Observatorio de Siding Spring, cerca de Coonabarabran, Australia.

Designación y nombre
Sanders recibió inicialmente la designación de .
Posteriormente, en 1988, se nombró en honor del científico estadounidense Jeffrey D. Sanders.

Características orbitales
Sanders está situado a una distancia media del Sol de 2,24 ua, pudiendo acercarse hasta 1,991 ua y alejarse hasta 2,489 ua. Su inclinación orbital es 3,424 grados y la excentricidad 0,1112. Emplea en completar una órbita alrededor del Sol 1224 días.

Características físicas
La magnitud absoluta de Sanders es 12,8.

Véase también
 Lista de asteroides del (3001) al (3100)
 Cuerpo menor del sistema solar

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Asteroides del cinturón principal
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos por Schelte John Bus
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos desde el Observatorio de Siding Spring
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos en 1981
Wikiproyecto:Asteroides/Artículos de asteroides

(3029) Sanders


The crested honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, eagles, and harriers. Pernis ptilorhynchus has six subspecies. As a medium-sized raptor, their size ranges between . They are also known as the Oriental, Asiatic, or Eastern honey buzzard. The name is derived from its diet, which consists mainly of the larvae of bees and wasps extracted from honey combs.

Crested honey buzzards migrate for breeding to Siberia and Japan during the summer. They then spend the winter in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They are also a year-round resident in these latter areas. They prefer well-forested areas with open spaces and are found from sea level up to . Unusually for raptors, the sexes can be differentiated.

The species has several adaptations for its specialist diet. These include an elongated head for foraging on underground nests and a groove in the tongue for feeding on honey. A mass of short, dense feathers on the head and neck protect against stinging attacks by social wasps. Juveniles may have adopted Batesian mimicry to deter predators.

Taxonomy
The crested honey buzzard was obtained from the island of Java by the Dutch zoologist C.J. Temminck. He depicted and named it as Falco ptilorhynchus in March 1821. Temminck's later text description submitted to the Bibliothèque Nationale in July 1823 used the spelling ptilorhyncus. Later, in 1839, Temminck used the spelling ptilorhynchus in the Tableau Méthodique. Both Temmick's spellings have been used, for example Salim Ali used -cus while Grimmett and others used -chus. Recently Dickinson and others have argued that the original spelling -chus must stand.

The British Museum Catalogue of Accipitres published in 1874 by R. Bowdler Sharpe lists the names Falco ptilorhynchus (attributed to Temminck, 1823) and Pernis ptilorhynchus (attributed to J.F. Stephens, 1826). Sharpe was perhaps unaware that Temminck's early illustrations had scientific names on the wrappers of the parts (livraisons) of his work and he cited Temminck's later works. In 1874, the British Museum had 18 specimens of the crested honey buzzard and its Catalogue listed nine different species names of genus Pernis for these.

The crested honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) includes six subspecies, which are shown in the table below.

Despite its name, the crested honey buzzard is not related to Buteo buzzards, and is taxonomically closer to the kites.

Description
About  in size, the crested honey buzzard is a medium-sized raptor. The head lacks a strong superciliary ridge, giving it a facial appearance very unlike a raptor. It appears long-necked with a small head resembling that of a pigeon. It has a long tail and a short head crest. It is brown above, but not as dark as the European honey buzzard, and paler below. A dark throat stripe is present. Unusually for a large bird of prey, the sexes can be distinguished. The male has a blue-grey head with brown iris, while the female's head is brown and the iris is yellow. She is slightly larger and darker than the male. The male has two black bands in the tail and three black under wing bands, while the female has three black tail bands and four narrower black under wing bands. The juvenile has extensive black primary tips with narrower underwing bands. It has a yellow cere at the base of the bill, and a dark iris. The colouration and the tail pattern of the species are highly variable.

In flight, it is likely to be mistaken at a distance for the short-toed snake-eagle. However, it can be distinguished by its slimmer head and longer neck. It is usually seen soaring singly or in pairs, or perched on a tree top. It is quiet even while nesting, sometimes uttering a single high-pitched screaming whistle. In flight it has deep elastic beats and high upstrokes. It glides and soars on flat or slightly arched wings at right angles to the body. The long broad wings are well rounded at six-fingered tips. The tail is broad, of medium length with a rounded tip. The tail is shorter than the breadth of the wing bases. The wing span is 2.4 times total length in the Palearctic (Eurasian) subspecies, but 2.0–2.2 in the Indo-Malayan subspecies.

The similarity in plumage between juvenile crested honey buzzards and the Nisaetus hawk-eagles may have arisen as a partial protection against predation by larger raptors. The eagles have stronger bills and talons, and are likely to be less vulnerable than the Pernis species. Similar mimicry is shown by the juvenile of the European honey buzzard, which resembles the common buzzard. Although the Eurasian Goshawk is capable of killing both species, it is likely to be more cautious about attacking the better protected Buteo species. These are examples of Batesian mimicry, named for the English naturalist and explorer H.W. Bates who first reported such mimicry in the context of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) in 1861.

Distribution and habitat
The crested honey buzzard is a summer migrant to Siberia and Japan, wintering in tropical Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. It leaves Siberia in late August and returns in May. The summer sojourn in Japan is April–May to mid-September. Elsewhere, it is more or less resident. Crested buzzards that migrate from breeding areas in Japan to wintering areas in Southeast Asia fly over the East China Sea. This  nonstop flight over water is possible because during autumn, winds over the sea blow in the same direction as the birds' direction of flight (i.e. wind support).

The crested honey buzzard prefers well-forested lowland and hilly areas that are broken by open glades. In South and Southeast Asia it is sometimes found in small groves near villages. It is found from sea level to , occasionally up to . During migrations it goes above .

Behaviour and ecology

Diet
The crested honey buzzard is a specialist feeder, living mainly on the larvae of social bees and wasps, and eating bits of comb and honey. It takes other small insect prey such as cicadas. It occasionally eats small birds, reptiles and frogs like other raptors.

Breeding
The crested honey buzzard breeds in woodland, and is inconspicuous except in the spring, when the mating display includes wing clapping. The display of roller coasting in flight and fluttering wings at the peak of the ascent are characteristic of the genus Pernis. It is as yet uncertain whether the roller coaster display is related to courtship. The breeding season in the migratory range is June to mid-September for central Siberia and April to August in Japan. In India, it is April–June, though it starts in February in South India.

The nest is a platform of sticks  across, lined with dry or green leaves. It is located at a height of  in conifers in the north, and  in banyan, mango, casuarina or coconut in India. The female normally lays two eggs. The colour is variable, ranging from pale cream to chestnut brown. Incubation takes 4–5 weeks, the chicks are fledged in 5–6 weeks and they become independent after a further 58 weeks. Male and female share the responsibilities of rearing the young.

Adaptations for diet
Unlike most of their relatives, crested honey buzzards prefer a diet of the larvae, pupae and honey combs of social wasps. In their summer breeding grounds in Japan, the birds dig up underground social wasp nests with their talons. The short toe depth and long talon on the second digit facilitate this behaviour. In addition, the long slender beak with a hooked tip, and the eyes set far back, are adaptations well suited for foraging in underground nests. The tongue has a groove adapted for extracting larvae from the honey comb. In the wintering regions in South Asia, crested honey buzzards are observed attacking social wasp nests in trees.

When foraging both underground and arboreal nests, the birds have to contend with stinging attacks by wasps. The feathers around the head and neck are well suited to repelling attacks. A study in 2016 by a British and a Japanese researcher compared the head and neck feathers of crested honey buzzards with those of the black kite (Milvus migrans) and grey-faced buzzard (Butastur indicus). These are similar raptors, but only the honey buzzard forages on wasp nests. The researchers found significant adaptations of the feathers. The honey buzzard has a dense mat of short feathers under its beak, around its eyes and nostrils and on its neck with barbules closer together. They are stiffer with more hooks and nodes for barbules to attach to one another, yielding an armour like appearance. In the other kites, the feathers are longer and softer, with fewer barbules towards the tips. Thus, more of the skin is exposed. The head and neck feathers of the crested honey buzzard are shorter, being only 50–70% the length of the feathers in the other two species.

The crested honey buzzard may have also evolved a chemical defense. Its feathers were observed to have a white filamentous covering that is not present in black kites and grey-faced buzzards. Videos indicate that social wasps attack bears and other mammals more than they attack honey buzzards. Experiments indicate that the substance from the wings of honey buzzards renders wasps inactive. However, this is as yet speculative and the composition of the substance is yet to be determined. In a wasp attack on two crested honey buzzards observed in Japan, the wasps mainly attacked the head and neck. Their stings were about  in size. Most of the stings were embedded in the dense mat of feathers. A few stings pierced the skin where feathers where missing. Thus, the feather adaptations provided partial protection against wasp attacks.

Threats and conservation
The IUCN status of the crested honey buzzard is least concern. The bird is inconspicuous and may be undercounted, except during migration. Rough estimates of the population range from 100,000 to 1,000,000.

As climate change affects wind conditions worldwide, the wind support for migration over the  migratory pathway over the East China Sea could be reduced. Japanese researchers have developed a mathematical model to estimate the effect of climate change on the favourable winds over this section. They predict a slight reduction in the migratory areas due to this wind change effect by the middle of the 21st century and a complete loss of the migratory pathway by late in the century. The study does not consider possible behavioural adaptations of migratory birds which could possibly compensate for the changing wind patterns.

On the positive side, the species appears to be adapting to the availability of anthropogenic habitats. It has colonized irrigated forest plantations in some areas of Pakistan. It has recently spread to the Middle East and regularly winters in small numbers in Arabia. These birds may be migrating from Siberia using a pathway over Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan that is west of the Himalayas.

Falconry as a hobby in Indonesia started in the 1970s.  As Facebook is popular in Indonesia, it is used for the illegal sale of raptors.  Two studies of a number of Facebook groups were conducted during 2015.  In both studies combined, the total number of birds offered for sale was about 10,000.  The most popular raptors were black-winged kite and changeable hawk eagle, accounting for about 39% of the 10,000.  In contrast, crested honey buzzards accounted for only about 1%.

In culture
In the Java island of Indonesia, people living in or near forested areas suffer from attacks, sometimes fatal, by giant honey bees. The local people and honey collectors blame the honey buzzards for these attacks. This raptor attacks the nests of the giant honey bee. As it flies away with a piece of the honeycomb in its claws, it is pursued by angry bees. The local belief is that as its escape strategy the honey buzzard flies close to humans in the vicinity to transfer the attack of the angry bees to the humans. However, in a study of the hunting behaviour of honey buzzards conducted between 2003 and 2019, no evidence of this strategy was observed by the researchers. They surmised that a decline in the habitat due to human activity has increased the conflict between bees and humans.

References

External links

 Image of Oriental Honey-buzzard attacking a bee hive, Taiwan, 2018, Bird Ecology Study Group (BESG), National University of Singapore.

crested honey buzzard
Birds of prey of Asia
Birds of Manchuria
Birds of Korea
Birds of Japan
Birds of Central China
Birds of South Asia
Birds of Bangladesh
Birds of Southeast Asia
crested honey buzzard
Taxa named by Coenraad Jacob Temminck

Crested honey buzzard


Ka, Antik Mısır inanışına göre insanın görünmeyen bedenidir. Antik Mısır ölüm tasvirlerinde ölüm, çoğu zaman, Ka'nın, fiziksel bedeni kuş kılığında terk etmesiyle temsil edilir.

Ka Antik Mısır'a ait resim tasvirlerinde çoğunlukla insan başlı bir kuşla temsil edilir. Ka'nın hiyeroglif yazıdaki karşılığı ise "U" biçiminde açılmış iki gergin koldur. Ka'nın fiziksel bedenden ayrı bir beden olduğu konusunda araştırmacılar arasında bir uzlaşma mevcutsa da, bu görünmez bedenin günümüzde insanın süptil bedeni için kullanılan terimlerden hangisinin karşılığı olduğu konusunda bir uzlaşma bulunmamaktadır. Ka, teozoflar için astral bedendir, kimi metapsişikçiler için "duble"dir, kimi spiritüalistlere göre de, perispridir.

Antik Mısır metinlerinde ka hakkında şöyle denilmektedir:

"Ka fiziksel bedenden bağımsızdır, ölümsüzdür. Ka, varlığın muhafaza edici ve yaratıcı unsurudur. Her varlığın ka'sı kendine özgüdür. Varlık geliştikçe ka'sı da gelişir, ama khu'su asla değişmez. Varlık yeryüzünde ölünce ka'sına geçer. Ölüm sonrasında ka, istediği yerde bulunabilir. Ka, khu ve ba bir bütün oluştururlar."

Ayrıca bakınız
 Perispri
 Astral beden

Dış bağlantılar

 Ka'nın ve fiziksel beden ayrılışının temsili

Kaynakça
 Mısır'da Ölüm Sonrası Fikri, Ege Meta Yayınları
 Dictionary of Mysticism, Nevill Drury

Mısır mitolojisi

Ka (Mısır mitolojisi)


Colcapirhua es una pequeña ciudad y municipio de Bolivia, ubicado en la provincia de Quillacollo del departamento de Cochabamba, y que forma parte de toda el Área Metropolitana de Kanata de la ciudad de Cochabamba.

Toponimia
El nombre de Colcapirhua deriva del quechua qollqe- plata [dinero] y pirwa-silo, depósito de productos agrícolas construidos de cañahueca y barro. Ya que, durante la época de los incas, la zona se constituyó en un importante productor y almacenador de granos que luego eran distribuidos por todo el imperio.

Historia
En tiempos remotos se caracterizó por la fabricación de cántaros, ollas y vasijas hechos de barro y arcilla, por lo que sus habitantes, expertos alfareros, son llamados en quechua "Mank'a llutas" (fabricantes de ollas de barro).

Es el municipio más joven de la provincia de Quillacollo. La creación del municipio surgió como consecuencia de la dejadez y apatía de las autoridades municipales de Quillacollo, que no atendieron las necesidades más del cantón de Colcapirhua.

El proceso creación de la quinta sección (municipio) duró 27 años por la oposición de la Alcaldía de Quillacollo. Éste se inició el 25 de agosto de 1958 y culminó con la promulgación de la Ley 579 del 15 de abril de 1985, durante la presidencia de Hernán Siles Suazo. La norma fue ratificada por una ley del 18 de marzo de 1987 en el Gobierno de Víctor Paz Estensoro. De esta forma se creó el municipio aunque no con los límites territoriales propuestos inicialmente.

Ubicación
Colcapirhua se encuentra en la provincia de Quillacollo en el suroeste del departamento de Cochabamba, en la parte central de Bolivia. Limita al este con el municipio de Cochabamba en la provincia de Cercado, al oeste con el municipio de Quillacollo, al norte con el municipio de Tiquipaya y al sur con el municipio de Santiváñez. La localidad homónima tiene una altitud de 2.565  y está ubicado en la ribera derecha del Río Rocha.
Está ubicada aproximadamente 9 km de la ciudad de Cochabamba y la carretera principal que une a ambas ciudades es la Avenida Blanco Galindo.

División Territorial
En la actualidad Colcapirhua consta de 5 distritos, distribuido a lo largo de su territorio.

Población
La población de la ciudad se ha duplicado en las últimas décadas.

Deportes

Con el desarrollo de la ciudad, se edificó un espacio deportivo, con una capacidad de 3.000 espectadores.

El estadio de Colcapirhua también fue sede de la disciplina de Rugby 7 de los Juegos Suramericanos realizados en 2018.
En agosto de 2018 el estadio fue habilitado y aprobado para que albergase partidos de fútbol profesional.

Flora y Fauna
La flora de Colcapirhua, es muy variada, gracias a las condiciones climáticas, se destacan las flores como las rosas, campanitas, margaritas, claveles, ilusiones, gladiolos y otras típicas de la región de los valles. En lo referente a las especies arbóreas, se encuentran pequeños bosquecillos de su vegetación xerofítica, rala y de baja altitud, sin intervención antropógeno, es decir de forma natural.
Tiene una fauna silvestre en los distritos A y E, cuyo hábitat se encuentran a ves como: Golondrina, Horneros, Loro, Jilgueros, Colibríes, Palomas, Perdices, Gaviotas, Gavilán, y Patos, estos últimos tienen como hábitat la Laguna de Sumumpaya

Localidades limítrofes
En la siguiente tabla aparecen las localidades que limitan con la AMT, en la secuencia geográfica en la que están situados:

Aniversarios y festividades
Las festividades que se celebran en el municipio son los siguientes:

Febrero: Feria de la Jak'a Lawa y el Choclo.
Abril: Feria de la Comida Tradicional en Miniatura.
15 abril: Aniversario.
1 de mayo: Festividad de San José obrero (San José Kami).
15 mayo: Festividad de San Isidro (Esquilan Grande).
16 de julio: Festividad de la virgen del carmen (Capacachi)
14 de septiembre: Aniversario de Cochabamba.
16 septiembre: Festividad Virgen Altagracia.
24 septiembre: Festividad de Nuestra Señora de la Merced (Florida Sud).
28 septiembre: Festividad Arcángel San Miguel (Santa Rosa Central).
Octubre: Feria de la Artesanía y las Plantas.
Octubre: Festividad Señor San Lorenzo.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Municipios del departamento de Cochabamba
Ciudades del departamento de Cochabamba

Colcapirhua


An Cymbopogon tortilis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Jan Svatopluk Presl, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Aimée Antoinette Camus. An Cymbopogon tortilis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cymbopogon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cymbopogon

Cymbopogon tortilis


An Pinalia elata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Joseph Dalton Hooker, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze. An Pinalia elata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pinalia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Pinalia

Pinalia elata


Fernanda Trías (* 12. Oktober 1976 in Montevideo, Uruguay) ist eine uruguayische Schriftstellerin.

Leben
Trías ist ausgebildete Englischlehrerin und vereidigte Übersetzerin. 2001 veröffentlichte sie ihren ersten Roman La azotea, für den sie im Folgejahr beim vom Uruguayischen Bildungs- und Kulturministerium veranstalteten Erzählkunstwettbewerb den Dritten Preis verliehen bekam. Ebenfalls 2002 erschien dann mit Cuaderno para un solo ojo bei Cauce Editorial ihr zweiter Roman. Trías Texte fanden auch im 2003 erschienenen El cuento uruguayo II, in den jeweils 2008 veröffentlichten El descontento y la promesa. Nueva/joven narrativa uruguaya und Esto no es una antología, sowie 2009 in Asamblea portátil. Muestrario de narradores iberoamericanos und 2010 in Neues vom Strom  Verwendung. Nachdem sie im Jahr 2005 das Unesco-Aschberg-Stipendium erhielt, übersiedelte sie nach Frankreich, wo sie auch heute lebt.

Für ihren Roman Mugre Rosa wurde sie 2021 bei der Buchmesse von Guadalajara mit dem Premio Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz ausgezeichnet. Ihre Rede anlässlich der Preisverleihung widmete sie dem Klimawandel:

Veröffentlichungen

 2001: La azotea, Roman
 2002: Cuaderno para un solo ojo, Roman
 2020: Mugre Rosa, Roman ISBN 978-84-397-3892-3
 Rosa Schleim, Roman. Übersetzung Petra Strien. Berlin: Claassen, 2023

Literatur
 Nuevo Diccionario de la Cultura Uruguaya von Miguel Ángel Campodónico, Librería Linardi y Risso, 2003, S. 334

Weblinks

 Beitrag über Fernanda Trías (spanisch) auf www.koult.es, abgerufen am 5. März 2012
 Kurz-Biographie (spanisch) auf www.losnoveles.net, abgerufen am 5. März 2012

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Spanisch)
Uruguayische Literatur
Übersetzer ins Spanische
Übersetzer aus dem Englischen
Übersetzer aus dem Französischen
Uruguayer
Geboren 1976
Frau

Fernanda Trías


Butidae é uma família de gobies dormentes na ordem Gobiiformes . A família foi anteriormente classificada como uma subfamília dos Eleotridae, mas a 5ª edição de Fishes of the World a classifica como uma família por direito próprio. Análises filogenéticas moleculares demonstraram que os Butidae são um clado irmão do clado que contém as famílias Gobiidae e Gobionellidae e que o Eleotridae é um irmão desses dois clados. Isso significa que os Eloetridae como anteriormente classificados eram parafiléticos e que suas subfamílias deveriam ser elevadas ao status de famílias.

As espécies dos Butidae são amplamente restritas às águas tropicais e subtropicais da África, Ásia, Austrália e Oceania. Eles são especialmente diversos na Nova Guiné, Austrália e Nova Zelândia, onde podem ser componentes importantes de ecossistemas de água salobra e doce. Eles são principalmente espécies bastante pequenas, mas o goby marmoreado ( Oxyeleotris marmorata ) é uma espécie de água doce de Buitdae do Sudeste Asiático que pode crescer até  comprimento e é um peixe importante alimento.

Gêneros
Os seguintes gêneros são classificados dentro da família Butidae:

 Bostrychus Lacépède, 1801
 Butis Bleeker, 1856
 Incara Visweswara Rao, 1971
 Kribia Herre, 1946
 Odonteleotris Gill, 1863
 Ophiocara Gill, 1863
 Oxyeleotris Bleeker, 1874
 Parviparma Herre, 1927
 Pogoneleotris Bleeker, 1875
 Prionobutis Bleeker, 1874

Referências

Gobiiformes
Butidae

Butidae


الدكتور محمد الكندري، مواليد (1971-) ، عضو سابق في مجلس الأمة الكويتي.

سيرة مختصرة

الدكتور محمد حسن يوسف علي محمد شهاب الكندري من مواليد 1971 حاصل على شهادة الطب والجراحة - كلية الطب - جامعة الكويت عام 1999 ، حاز على عضوية مجلس الأمة الكويتي عن الدائرة الانتخابية الاولي خلال أعوام 2008 وعضوية مجلس الامة ديسمبر 2012 المبطل بحكم المحكمة الدستورية.

الشهادات العلمية
شهادة الطب والجراحة - كلية الطب - جامعة الكويت عام 1999.
شهادة البكالوريوس في العلوم الطبية الأساسية - كلية الطب - جامعة الكويت 1996.

المهن والوظائف
طبيب عام في مستشفى الفروانية 1999 - 2000.
طبيب جراحة عيون - مركز البحر للعيون 2000 - 2005.
طبيب صحة مهنية إدارة الصحة المهنية - وزارة الصحة العامة 2005.

الخبرات النقابية
عضو في الجمعية الطبية الكويتية.
عضو في الجمعية الكويتية للمقومات الأساسية لحقوق الإنسان.
عضو سابق في الرابطة الكويتية لطب وجراحة العيون.
عضو سابق في مجلس إدارة الرابطة الكويتية لطب العيون.
عضو مشارك في العديد من المؤتمرات والدورات الصحية المحلية والخارجية.
ناشط سياسي ، وله العديد من الآراء والمواقف تجاه القضايا السياسية المختلفة ، وخاض الانتخابات البرلمانية عام 2003 في الدائرة 13 بالرميثية.

السيرة البرلمانية
شارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2003 في الدائرة الثالثة عشر، وحصل على المركز السادس برصيد 950 صوت وخسر الانتخابات ، وشارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2008 في الدائرة الأولى، وحصل على المركز العاشر برصيد 6064 صوت وفاز بالانتخابات.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2008
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي فبراير 2012
سياسيو التحالف الإسلامي السلفي
كويتيون من أصل إيراني
كويتيون من أصل عربي

محمد الكندري


Stowe-by-Chartley es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Stafford, en el condado de Staffordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Stowe-by-Chartley tiene una superficie de 22,7 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Stowe-by-Chartley tenía 356 habitantes (49,72% varones, 50,28% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 15,68 hab/km². El 16,29% eran menores de 16 años, el 79,49% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 4,21% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 43,73 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 17,79% estaban solteros, el 70,81% casados, y el 11,41% divorciados o viudos.

Todos los habitantes eran blancos y la mayor parte (97,48%) originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 0,84% de la población, mientras que el 1,68% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. El cristianismo era profesado por el 83,71%, mientras que el 5,62% no eran religiosos y el 10,67% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 143 hogares con residentes y 10 vacíos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Staffordshire
Parroquias civiles de Staffordshire

Stowe-by-Chartley


Olaylar

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 10 Temmuz - Zübeyde bint Cafer, Abbasi halifelerinden Hârûnürreşîd'in hanımı, Emîn'in annesi
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Omurtag, Birinci Bulgar İmparatorluğu Hanı

831


An Mapania sumatrana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni George Bentham. An Mapania sumatrana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mapania, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 M. s. pandanophylla
 M. s. sumatrana

Mga kasarigan

Mapania

Mapania sumatrana


Fabio Rezende Sicilia (Campina Verde, 7 de novembro de 1970), é um Chef, Sommelier e Chocolatier que dirigiu o restaurante Famiglia Sicilia, funcionando em Belém do Pará desde 1989. Administra a loja de vinhos DonVino desde 2006 e criou a Gaudens, com fábrica própria funcionando desde 2012. Um dos produtos de maior sucesso é o Brownettone, uma de suas criações exclusivas com marca registrada. É membro da Academia Brasileira de Gastronomia.

Formação e Carreira
Fabio Sicilia é graduado em Enogastronomia pelo Italian Culinary Institute for Foreigners (ICIF), no Piemonte, Itália, com formação de Chef Master pela  Accademia Italiana della Cucina, em Milão, Itália. É Sommelier Profissional pela Associazione Italiana Sommelier (AIS) e Sommelier reconhecido pela Worldwide Sommelier Association (WSA).

Especializado como Chef Chocolatier pela Lênotre (Paris, França). Estudou Produção de Chocolate Bean to Bar pela Selmi Group no Piemonte, Itália. Criou a  Gaudens, marca de chocolates finos, com fábrica própria funcionando em Belém do Pará desde 2012,.

Suas invenções de maior sucesso estão o Brownettone (2004), um produto exclusivo feito a partir de amêndoas de cacau selecionadas; a Castella (2010) , creme feito com Cacau e Castanha do Pará, além da Cripioca (2017), crisps de chocolate que utiliza flocos de farinha de tapioca ao invés dos tradicionais flocos de arroz.

Herdeiro das tradições culinárias italianas por parte do pai Giuseppe Sicilia e da riqueza gastronômica mineira por parte de sua mãe, Jussara Rezende, abriu junto com ela o restaurante Famiglia Sicilia, em Belém do Pará, no ano de 1989 e em homenagem a seu pai, já falecido a essa época, originalmente se chamava Dom Giuseppe. Hoje é administrado e dirigido pela sua irmã Angela Sicilia.

Ligações externas

 Escola Internacional de Cozinha Italiana
 Accademia Italiana della Cucina
 Associazione italiana sommelier
 Worldwide Sommelier Association
 Lênotre
 Selmi Group

Chefs do Brasil

!Artigos novos
Brasileiros de ascendência italiana

Fabio Sicilia


La route régionale 512 () est une route régionale allant de Kovero à Joensuu jusqu'à Eno  à Joensuu en Finlande.

Présentation
La seututie 512 est une route régionale de Carélie du Nord.

Parcours
 Joensuu
 Kovero
 Aittovaara
 Pirttivaara
 Canal de Saapaskoski
 Eno

Références

Annexes

Liens externes

Articles connexes
 Seututie

512

Transport à Joensuu

Seututie 512


22 Haziran 1993 tarihinde yapılan Kopenhag Zirvesi'nde, Avrupa Konseyi, Avrupa Birliği'nin genişlemesinin Merkezi Doğu Avrupa ülkelerini kapsayacağını kabul etmiş ve aynı zamanda adaylık için başvuran ülkelerin tam üyeliğe kabul edilmeden önce karşılaması gereken kriterlerde belirlenmiştir.

Avrupa Birliği tarihi
Kopenhag tarihi
1993'te Avrupa Birliği
1990'larda Avrupa Birliği

Kopenhag Zirvesi


نقطة ندى الهيدروكربون هي درجة الحرارة، عند ضغط معلوم، التي يبدأ عندها مزيج غازي غني بالهيدروكربونات، كالغاز الطبيعي، بالتكثف من الحالة الغازية. تعتمد هذه النقطة على محتوى الغاز وعلى الضغط.

ينتشر استخدام نقطة الندى للهيدروكربون بشكل واسع في مجال الغاز الطبيعي كمؤشر مهم للنوعية حيث يتم استخدامها في شروط تحديد المواصفات ومراقبتها بشكل مستمر في كافة مراحل إنتاج الغاز الطبيعي من قبل شركات الاستخراج والمعالجة وحتى النقل والتوزيع للمستهلك.

ويتشابه مفهوم نقطة الندى للهيدروكربون مع نقطة الندى للماء. ففي الحالة الثانية تعرف نقطة الندى بأنها الحرارة، عند ضغط معلوم، التي يبدأ عندها بخار الماء الموجود في المزيج الغاز بالتكثف.

العلاقة مع تعبير GPM
في الولايات المتحدة يعبر عن نقطة ندى الهيدروكربون للغاز المعالج والمضخ في الأناببب بمصطلح GPM، والذي يشير إلى التدفق بوحدة الغالون من السائل لكل مليون قدم مكعب (28,000 متر مكعب) من الغاز عند حرارة وضغط معلومين. ويستخدم نوع الهيدروكربون القابل للإسالة عند ذكر مصطلح الـ GPM إذا كان معلوما. فإذا علم أن الهكسان والهيدروكربونات الأثقل هي المكونات القابلة للتكثف فعندها يستخدم الرمز GPM (C6+) للتعبير عنه.

ويشار إلى أن تعبير GPM يستخدم بشكل شائع في قياس خصائص الغاز الطبيعي الخام. في هذه الحالة، قد تكون الهيدركربونات القابلة للإسالة هي الإيثان والعناصر الأثقل فيستخدم عندها تعبير GPM (C2+). وبالمثل، فإن كان البروبان والعناصر الأثقل هي القابلة للإسالة يستخدم تعبير GPM (C3+).

للذلك يجب التمييز بين كيفية تعريف مصطلح GPM عند استخدامه.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 معالجة الغاز الطبيعي
 متكثف الغاز الطبيعي

غاز طبيعي
هندسة كيميائية
هيدروكربونات

نقطة ندى الهيدروكربون


The Anzac Bridge is an eight-lane cable-stayed bridge that carries the Western Distributor (A4) across Johnstons Bay between Pyrmont and Glebe Island (part of the suburb of Rozelle), on the western fringe of the Sydney central business district, New South Wales, Australia. The bridge forms part of the road network leading from the central business district, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, and Cross City Tunnel to the Inner West and Northern Suburbs.

History

Glebe Island Bridges
There were two bridges over Johnstons Bay before the construction of the Anzac Bridge.

The first bridge was constructed as part of a project to move the abattoirs out of central Sydney, and to construct public abattoirs at Glebe Island. The first pile of the original bridge was driven in October 1860. The bridge was opened in 1862 and was a timber beam bridge  long and  wide with a  swing section on the eastern side. It replaced a double steam punt crossing.

The second Glebe Island Bridge was an electrically operated swing bridge opened in 1903, the year after the opening of the new Pyrmont Bridge over Sydney's Darling Harbour, which has a similar design. The bridge was designed by Percy Allan of the New South Wales Public Works Department who also designed the Pyrmont Bridge. Delays due to increasing traffic, which were exacerbated by having to close a major arterial road to allow the movement of shipping into Blackwattle Bay, led to the construction of the present-day Anzac Bridge. The 1903 bridge is still standing, but there is no access to pedestrians or vehicular traffic.

Anzac Bridge
The stay cable design concept development and final design for the new bridge were carried out by a team from the Roads & Traffic Authority, led by their Chief Bridge Engineer Ray Wedgwood and the construction by Baulderstone. The bridge was opened to traffic on 3 December 1995 as the Glebe Island Bridge.

The bridge was given its current name on Remembrance Day in 1998 to honour the memory of the soldiers of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (known as Anzacs) who served in World War I. An Australian Flag flies atop the eastern pylon and a New Zealand Flag flies atop the western pylon. A bronze memorial statue of an Australian Anzac soldier ("digger") holding a Lee–Enfield rifle in the "rest on arms reverse" drill position was placed on the western end of the bridge on Anzac Day in 2000. A statue of a New Zealand soldier was added to a plinth across the road from the Australian Digger, facing towards the east, and was unveiled by Prime Minister of New Zealand Helen Clark in the presence of Premier of New South Wales Morris Iemma on Sunday 27 April 2008.

Description
The bridge is  wide and the main span is  long. The reinforced concrete pylons are  high and support the deck by two planes of stay cables. Initially the stay cables were plagued by vibrations which have since been resolved by the addition of thin stabilising cables between the stay cables.

There is a grade-separated shared pedestrian footpath and cycleway located on the northern side of the bridge, making possible a walk from Glebe Point Road, down Bridge Road, over the bridge and round Blackwattle Bay back to Glebe Point Road.

The bridge can carry a maximum of 180,000 cars per day. It reached its maximum capacity in 2002, only seven years after it was finished.

The bridge is regularly patrolled by security guards as a counter-terrorist attack measure. Security cameras also monitor the walkway.

The bridge has a speed limit of : it was reduced from  in January 2005. Also prior to that date, the bridge had seven traffic lanes (4 eastbound, 3 westbound).

Originally, there were bus stops at the western end of the bridge, but they were removed because buses pulling out from the stops created a hazard as they merged with other traffic moving at (or close to) the speed limit. The Australian Anzac statue on the northern side of the bridge is adjacent to the former city-bound bus stop; the New Zealand Anzac statue was installed within the ramp area of the former stop on the southern side.

Use in popular culture
The bridge has been used in a number of artistic works including:

 The bridge was used in the Looking for Alibrandi (1999) movie scene where the title character, Josephine Alibrandi, and her date Jacob Coote rode across the bridge on Jacob's motorcycle.
 Deni Hines' song "It's Alright" (1995) features the nearly completed bridge in the music video group dance sequences, the filming of which taking place a few months before the bridge's December 1995 opening.
 You Am I's song "Purple Sneakers" from the band's album Hi Fi Way (1995) opens with the lyric "Had a scratch only you could itch, underneath the Glebe Point bridge". The Glebe Island Bridge was still under construction when Tim Rogers wrote and recorded the song in 1994, with the bridge's name change to 'Anzac Bridge' not occurring until 1998.

Gallery

See also

 List of bridges in Sydney
 List of longest cable stayed bridges

References

External links

Description and history (with construction photos) of the Anzac Bridge, Sydney
Road Traffic Authority Webcam
  [CC-By-SA]

Bridges completed in 1862
Bridges completed in 1903
Bridges completed in 1995
Bridges in Sydney
Cable-stayed bridges in Australia
Road bridges in New South Wales
1995 establishments in Australia
ANZAC (Australia)
1862 establishments in Australia
Rozelle, New South Wales
Pyrmont, New South Wales

Anzac Bridge


Mošuje je bivše selo na Braču. Starohrvatsko je selo.

Povijest
U doseobi Slavena u hrvatske krajeve, na Brač su se naselili u dijelu otoka gdje su stoljećima prije živjeli Iliri. To su bila nepristupačna i negostoljubiva brda, često kod prapovijesnih gradina. Potvrda toga je što dok primorska naselja imaju latinsku etimologiju imena, dok u unutrašnjosti imena potječu iz staroslavenskog i često su tu elementi staroslavenske mitologije (Vidova gora, Dub, Pražnica, Gradac). U tu skupinu imena spada Dubravice.

Spominje ga prvi brački povjesničar Dujam Hranković u Opisu otoka Brača 1405. god., u kojem je spomenio ondašnja bračka naselja: na istočnom dijelu otoka Gornji Humac, Straževnik, Podhume, Mošuljica (Mošuje), Dubravka (Dubravice?), Gradac, Podgračišće; na središnjem dijelu Pražnice i Dol; u zapadnom dijelu Donji Humac, Nerežišća i Škrip.

1463. godine padom Bosne na Brač su stigli prve izbjeglice. Dio je godine 1466. iz Hercegovine došao u Ravan kod Selaca, a zatim su se preselili u obližnje selo Mošuje, a njihovi potomci u obližnji Gornji Humac.

Selima Mošuju i Dubravici pripadala je crkva Svih Svetih. Uz crkvu je i groblje. Oba su sela nestala nakon haranja kuge u 15. i 16. stoljeću.

Izvori

Brač
Bivša naselja u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji

Dubravice (Pučišća)


Muhammad Al-Badr (født 15. februar 1926, død 6. august 1996) var den sidste konge i Kongeriget Yemen (senere kaldet Nordyemen) og leder af monarkisterne under Borgerkrigen i Nordyemen (1962–1970). Hans fulde navn var Al-Mansur Bi'llah Muhammad Al-Badr bin Al-Nasir-li-dinu'llah Ahmad.

Biografi
Muhammad al-Badr blev født i 1926 som den ældste søn af Ahmad bin Yahya, som var konge af Yemen fra 1948 til sin død 19. september 1962. Efter faderens død blev Muhammad al-Badr blev udnævnt til imam og konge. Men allerede 26. september 1962 begyndte et militærkup ledet af Abdullah al-Sallal som afsatte kongen og udnævnte Yemen til en republik. Muhammad al-Badr flygtede til den nordlige del af Nordyemen hvor han samlede opbakning fra stammer i kampen mod Sallal, hvilket startede den 8 år lange blodige borgerkrig i Nordyemen. I borgerkrigens første år opholdt han sig forskellige i de nordlige områder af Nordyemen. Fra 1967 til borgerkrigens slutning opholdt han sig i Saudi-Arabien. Efter krigens afslutning og Saudi-Arabiens anerkendelse af det nye regime i Nordyemen, flyttede han til England. Han døde i 1996 i London og er begravet på Brookwood Kirkegård.

Personer fra Yemen
Personer fra Sanaá

Muhammad al-Badr


An Chrysopogon purushothamanii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ravi, N.Mohanan ngan Kiran Raj. An Chrysopogon purushothamanii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Chrysopogon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Chrysopogon (Poaceae)

Chrysopogon purushothamanii


Le camp pénal de Bouaké est l'une des principales prisons de Côte d'Ivoire. Il est censé accueillir exclusivement les détenus masculins, en provenance de toute la Côte d'Ivoire condamnés à de lourdes peines (dix à vingt ans de prison, voire plus). Elle est considérée comme la prison la plus difficile du pays.

Histoire
Le camp pénal de Bouaké a fermé durant dix ans lors de la crise politico-militaire et a rouvert le 28 mars 2014.

Organisation et conditions de détention
Le camp pénal se trouve à l'extérieur de la ville de Bouaké et est adjacent à l'université Alassane-Ouattara. Bâti sur une superficie de 5 hectares, il est constitué d'une cour entourée de fils de fer (barbelés) et d'une grille électrifiée. Il compte six bâtiments occupés  par les prisonniers.  Chaque bâtiment comprend sept cellules d'une capacité de 40 détenus chacune, soit une capacité d'accueil théorique de 1680 prisonniers. La prison est surveillée par quatre miradors peints en vert mesurant 25 mètres chacun.

A l'extérieur de la cour se trouvent les bâtiments administratifs et différents lieux de travail réservés aux prisonniers ayant fait plus de la moitié de leur peine : rizières, bassin de pisciculture, élevage de porcs et de poulets.

Les surveillants y entrent le matin et le soir pour faire l'appel et libérer ou enfermer les détenus dans leurs cellules, dans lesquelles ils sont entassés jusqu'à 50. Le reste du temps, ils sont livrés à eux-mêmes. Les jours de visite des familles sont les mardis et les samedis.

Une seule ration quotidienne est fournie, à 11 heures.

Détenus notables

 Justin Koua, ancien leader des jeunes du Front populaire ivoirien (FPI) (16 septembre 2020-15 septembre 2021)
Assoa Adou, cadre du FPI (janvier 2015)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Bouaké
Bouaké

Camp pénal de Bouaké


Sankt Sebastian ist ein Ortsteil der oberschwäbischen Gemeinde Kammlach im Landkreis Unterallgäu in Bayerisch-Schwaben.

Geographie
Die Einöde liegt etwa 500 Meter südlich von Unterkammlach und ist über eine Landstraße mit diesem verbunden. Im Osten des Ortes verläuft die Kammel. Entstanden ist die Einöde erst nach 1820, die Votivkapelle St. Sebastian wurde jedoch bereits am 1. Mai 1636 geweiht.

Weblinks

Literatur

Kammlach
Ort in Oberschwaben
Ort im Landkreis Unterallgäu
Einzelsiedlung

Sankt Sebastian (Kammlach)


La station de la rue Jiangshe (chinois : 建设路站 / pinyin : Jiànshè lù zhàn / zhuang : Roen Gensez) est une station de la ligne 2 du métro de Nanning. Elle est située de part et d'autre du boulevard Yinhai et de la rue Jiangshe, dans le district de Liangqing de la ville de Nanning, en Chine.

Ouverte en 2017, elle comprend quatre entrées et une seule plateforme.

Situation sur le réseau

Établie en souterrain, rue Jiangshe est située sur la ligne 2 du métro de Nanning, entre la station , en direction du terminus nord , et la station Shizitang, en direction du terminus sud Tanze.

Histoire
Le tracé de la ligne est décidé en juin 2014, avec une première phase comprenant 18 stations pour , coûtant environ 15.5 milliards 元. La ligne ouvre officiellement le  avec 17 autres stations.

Services aux voyageurs

Accès et accueil
Située à l'angle du boulevard Yinhai et de la rue Jianshe (建设路), la station est accessible tous les jours et est accessible par quatre sorties. Un ascenseur pour personnes handicapées est disponible à la sortie C.

Station souterraine, elle dispose de trois niveaux :

Desserte
Le premier train à direction de Tanze arrive à 6h54 et le dernier passe à 23h30. Les premiers et derniers trains à direction de Xijin sont à 6h40 et 23h17.

Intermodalité
La station est accessible par les lignes 21, 41, 99, 207, 607, 707 et 809 du réseau d'autobus de Nanning.

À proximité

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Métro de Nanning
 Ligne 2 du métro de Nanning

Liens externes
 .
 .

Station du métro de Nanning
Station de métro mise en service en 2017

Rue Jianshe (métro de Nanning)


A Missão de Apoio contra a Corrupção e a Impunidade em Honduras (; MACCIH ou Maccih) foi uma entidade de cooperação internacional criada em 19 de janeiro de 2016 por meio de um acordo assinado em Washington D.C. entre a Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) e o governo de Honduras presidido por Juan Orlando Hernández; tornando-se a primeira missão da OEA para o combate da corrupção e da impunidade em um Estado-membro. Foi integrada por um período de quatro anos, findo o qual foi dissolvida em 19 de janeiro de 2020.

Contava com financiamento internacional para garantir sua total independência e autonomia. Seu objetivo final era melhorar o sistema de justiça hondurenho na prevenção e na luta contra a corrupção e a impunidade por meio de colaboração ativa, assessoria, supervisão e certificação das instituições estatais encarregadas de combater e prevenir a corrupção.

A MACCIH surgiu em resposta a uma série de protestos motivados pelo escândalo de roubo envolvendo o Instituto Hondurenho de Seguridade Social. Sua atuação levou ao julgamento de catorze casos — incluindo o supracitado — e a judicialização de 113 pessoas, incluindo uma ex-primeira-dama. Colaborou também na promulgação da Lei da Política Limpa e na integração dos primeiros tribunais do país para atos de corrupção.

Ver também
Comissão Internacional contra a Impunidade na Guatemala

Política de Honduras
Juan Orlando Hernández
Organização dos Estados Americanos