Northeast India (officially the North Eastern Region (NER)) is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country. It comprises eight states—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura (commonly known as the "Seven Sisters"), and the "brother" state Sikkim.

The region shares an international border of  (about 99 percent of its total geographical boundary) with several neighbouring countries –  with China in the north,  with Myanmar in the east,  with Bangladesh in the south-west,  with Nepal in the west, and  with Bhutan in the north-west. It comprises an area of , almost 8 percent of that of India. The Siliguri Corridor connects the region to the rest of mainland India.

The states of North Eastern Region are officially recognised under the North Eastern Council (NEC), constituted in 1971 as the acting agency for the development of the north eastern states. Long after induction of NEC, Sikkim formed part of the North Eastern Region as the eighth state in 2002. India's Look-East connectivity projects connect Northeast India to East Asia and ASEAN. Guwahati city in Assam is called the Gateway to the North East and is the largest metropolis in North East India.

History

The earliest settlers may have been Austroasiatic speakers from Southeast Asia, followed by Tibeto-Burman speakers from China, and by 500 BCE Indo-Aryan speakers from the Gangetic Plains as well as Kra–Dai speakers from southern Yunnan and Shan State. Due to the biodiversity and crop diversity of the region, archaeological researchers believe that early settlers of Northeast India had domesticated several important plants. Writers believe that the 100 BCE writings of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian indicate an early trade route via Northeast India. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mentions a people called Sêsatai in the region, who produced malabathron, so prized in the old world. Ptolemy's Geographia (2nd century CE) calls the region Kirrhadia, apparently after the Kirata population.

In the early historical period (most of the first millennium CE), Kamarupa straddled most of present-day Northeast India. Xuanzang, a travelling Chinese Buddhist monk, visited Kamarupa in the 7th century CE. He described the people as "short in stature and black-looking", whose speech differed a little from mid-India and who were of simple but violent disposition. He wrote that the people in Kamarupa knew of Sichuan, which lay to the kingdom's east beyond a treacherous mountain.

The northeastern states were established during the British Raj of the 19th and early 20th centuries, when they became relatively isolated from traditional trading partners such as Bhutan and Myanmar. Many of the peoples in present-day Mizoram, Meghalaya and Nagaland converted to Christianity under the influence of British (Welsh) missionaries.

Formation of North Eastern states

Since the Moamoria disturbances, the Ahom dynasty was on the decline. The British appeared on the scene in the guise of saviors. In the early 19th century, both the Ahom and the Manipur kingdoms fell to a Burmese invasion. The ensuing First Anglo-Burmese War resulted in the entire region coming under British control. In the colonial period (1826–1947), North East India was made a part of Bengal Province from 1839 to 1873, after which Colonial Assam became its own province, but which included Sylhet.

After Indian Independence from British Rule in 1947, the Northeastern region of British India consisted of Assam and the princely states of Tripura Kingdom and Manipur Kingdom.  Subsequently, Nagaland in 1963, Meghalaya in 1972, Arunachal Pradesh in 1975 (capital changed to Itanagar) (formed on 20 February 1987) and Mizoram in 1987 were formed out of the large territory of Assam. Manipur and Tripura remained Union Territories of India from 1956 until 1972, when they attained fully-fledged statehood. Sikkim was integrated as the eighth North Eastern Council state in 2002.

The city of Shillong served as the capital of the Assam province created during British Rule. It remained the capital of undivided Assam until the formation of the state of Meghalaya in 1972. The capital of Assam was shifted to Dispur, a part of Guwahati, and Shillong was designated as the capital of Meghalaya.

World War II

In 1944, the Japanese planned a daring attack on British India. Traveling through Burma, its forces were stopped at Kohima and Imphal by British and Indian troops. This marked the furthest western expansion of the Japanese Empire; its defeat in this area presaged Allied victory.

Sino-Indian War (1962)

Arunachal Pradesh, a state in the Northeastern tip of India, is claimed by China as South Tibet. Sino-Indian relations degraded, resulting in the Sino-Indian War of 1962. The cause of the escalation into war is still disputed by both Chinese and Indian sources. During the war in 1962, the PRC (China) captured much of the NEFA (North-East Frontier Agency) created by India in 1954. But on 21 November 1962, China declared a unilateral ceasefire, and withdrew its troops  behind the McMahon Line. It returned Indian prisoners of war in 1963.

Seven Sister States

The Seven Sister States is a popular term for the contiguous states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura prior to inclusion of the state of Sikkim into the North Eastern Region of India. The sobriquet 'Land of the Seven Sisters' was coined to coincide with the inauguration of the new states in January 1972 by Jyoti Prasad Saikia, a journalist in Tripura, in the course of a radio talk show. He later compiled a book on the interdependence and commonness of the Seven Sister States. It has been primarily because of this publication that the nickname has caught on.

Geography

The Northeast region can be physiographically categorised into the Eastern Himalaya, the Patkai and the Brahmaputra and the Barak valley plains. Northeast India (at the confluence of Indo-Malayan, Indo-Chinese, and Indian biogeographical realms) has a predominantly humid sub-tropical climate with hot, humid summers, severe monsoons, and mild winters. Along with the west coast of India, this region has some of the Indian subcontinent's last remaining rainforests, which support diverse flora and fauna and several crop species. Reserves of petroleum and natural gas in the region are estimated to constitute a fifth of India's total potential.

The region is covered by the mighty Brahmaputra-Barak river systems and their tributaries. Geographically, apart from the Brahmaputra, Barak and Imphal valleys and some flatlands in between the hills of Meghalaya and Tripura, the remaining two-thirds of the area is hilly terrain interspersed with valleys and plains; the altitude varies from almost sea-level to over  above MSL. The region's high rainfall, averaging around  and above creates problems of the ecosystem, high seismic activity, and floods. The states of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim have a montane climate with cold, snowy winters and mild summers.

Topography

Highest peaks

Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain peak in the world rising to an altitude of , lies in-between the state Sikkim and adjacent country Nepal.

Brahmaputra River Basin

Tributaries of the Brahmaputra River in Northeast India:

Climate

Northeast India has a subtropical climate that is influenced by its relief and influences from the southwest and northeast monsoons. The Himalayas to the north, the Meghalaya plateau to the south and the hills of Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur to the east influences the climate. Since monsoon winds originating from the Bay of Bengal move northeast, these mountains force the moist winds upwards, causing them to cool adiabatically and condense into clouds, releasing heavy precipitation on these slopes. It is the rainiest region in the country, with many places receiving an average annual precipitation of , which is mostly concentrated in summer during the monsoon season. Cherrapunji, located on the Meghalaya plateau is one of the rainiest place in the world with an annual precipitation of . Temperatures are moderate in the Brahmaputra and Barak valley river plains which decreases with altitude in the hilly areas. At the highest altitudes, there is permanent snow cover. In general, the region has 3 seasons: Winter, Summer, and rainy season in which the rainy season coincides with the summer months much like the rest of India. Winter is from early November until mid March while summer is from mid-April to mid-October.

Under the Köppen climate classification, the region is divided into 3 broad types: A (tropical climates), C (warm temperate mesothermal climates), and D (snow microthermal climates). The tropical climates are located in parts of Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, and the Cachar plains south of 25oN and are classified as tropical wet and dry (Aw). Much of Assam, Nagaland, northern parts of Meghalaya and Manipur and parts of Arunachal Pradesh fall within the warm temperature mesothermal climates (type C) where the mean temperatures in coldest months range from . The entire Brahmaputra valley has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa/Cwa) with hot summers. At altitudes between  located in the eastern hills of Nagaland, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh, a (Cfb/CWb) climate prevails with warm summers. Locations above  in Meghalaya, parts of Nagaland, and northern Arunachal Pradesh have a (Cfc/Cwc) climate with short and cool summers. Finally, the extreme northern parts of Arunachal Pradesh are classified as humid continental climates with mean winter temperatures below .

Temperature
Temperatures vary by altitude with the warmest places being in the Brahmaputra and Barak River plains and the coldest at the highest altitudes. It is also influenced by proximity to the sea with the valleys and western areas being close to the sea, which moderates temperatures. Generally, temperatures in the hilly and mountainous areas are lower than the plains which lie at a lower altitude. Summer temperatures tend to be more uniform than winter temperatures due to high cloud cover and humidity.

In the Brahmaputra and Barak valley river plains, mean winter temperatures vary between  while mean summer temperatures are around . The highest summer temperatures occur in the West Tripura plain with Agartala, the capital of Tripura having mean maximum summer temperatures ranging between  in April. The highest temperatures in summer occur before the arrival of monsoons and thus eastern areas have the highest temperatures in June and July where the monsoon arrives later than western areas. In the Cachar Plain, located south of the Brahmaputra plain, temperatures are higher than the Brahmaputra plain although the temperature range is smaller owing to higher cloud cover and the monsoons that moderate night temperatures year round.

In the mountainous areas of Arunachal Pradesh, the Himalayan ranges in the northern border with India and China experience the lowest temperatures with heavy snow during winter and temperatures that drop below freezing. Areas with altitudes exceeding  receive snowfall during winters and have cool summers. Below  above sea level, winter temperatures reach up to  during the day with nights dropping to zero while summers are cool, with a mean maximum of  and a mean minimum of . In the hilly areas of Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram, winters are cold while summers are cool.

The plains in Manipur has colder winter minimums than what is warranted by its elevation owing to being surrounded by hills on all sides. This is due to temperature inversions during winter nights when cold air descends from the hills
into the valleys below and its geographic location which prevents winds that bring hot temperatures and humidity from coming into the Manipur plain. For example in Imphal, winter daytime temperatures hover around  but nighttime temperatures drop to .

Rainfall
No part of Northeast India receives less than  of rainfall a year. Areas in the Brahmputra valley receive  of rainfall a year while mountainous areas receive  a year. The southwest monsoon is responsible for bringing 90% of the annual rainfall to the region. April to late October are the months where most of the rainfall in Northeast India occurs with June and July being the rainiest months. In most parts of the region, the average date of onset of the monsoons is 1 June. Southern areas are the first to receive the monsoon (May or June) with the Brahmaputra valley and the mountainous north receiving later (later May or June). In the hilly parts of Mizoram, the closer proximity to the Bay of Bengal causes it to experience early monsoons with June being the wettest season.

High-risk seismic zone

The North Eastern Region of India is a mega-earthquake prone zone caused by active fault planes beneath formed by the convergence of three tectonic plates viz. India Plate, Eurasian Plate and Burma Plate. Historically the region has suffered from two great earthquakes (M > 8.0) – 1897 Assam earthquake and 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake – and about 20 large earthquakes (8.0 > M > 7.0) since 1897. The 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake is still the largest earthquake in India.

Wildlife

Flora

WWF has identified the entire Eastern Himalayas as a priority Global 200 ecoregion. Conservation International has upscaled the Eastern Himalaya hotspot to include all the eight states of Northeast India, along with the neighbouring countries of Bhutan, southern China and Myanmar.

The region has been identified by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research as a center of rice germplasm. The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), India, has highlighted the region as being rich in wild relatives of crop plants. It is the center of origin of citrus fruits. Two primitive variety of maize, Sikkim Primitive 1 and 2, have been reported from Sikkim (Dhawan, 1964). Although jhum cultivation, a traditional system of agriculture, is often cited as a reason for the loss of forest cover of the region, this primary agricultural economic activity practiced by local tribes supported the cultivation of 35 varieties of crops. The region is rich in medicinal plants and many other rare and endangered taxa. Its high endemism in both higher plants, vertebrates, and avian diversity has qualified it as a biodiversity hotspot.

The following figures highlight the biodiversity significance of the region:
 51 forest types are found in the region, broadly classified into six major types – tropical moist deciduous forests, tropical semi-evergreen forests, tropical wet evergreen forests, subtropical forests, temperate forests, and alpine forests.
 Out of the nine important vegetation types of India, six are found in the North Eastern Region.
 These forests harbor 8,000 out of 15,000 species of flowering plants. In floral species richness, the highest diversity is reported from the states of Arunachal Pradesh (5000 species) and Sikkim (4500 species) amongst the North Eastern states.
 According to the Indian Red Data Book, published by the Botanical Survey of India, 10 percent of the flowering plants in the country are endangered. Of the 1500 endangered floral species, 800 are reported from Northeast India.
 Most of the North Eastern states have more than 60% of their area under forest cover, a minimum suggested coverage for the hill states in the country in order to protect from erosion.
 Northeast India is a part of Indo-Burma hotspot. This hotspot is the second largest in the world, next only to the Mediterranean Basin, with an area  among the 25 identified.

Fauna

The International Council for Bird Preservation, UK identified the Assam plains and the Eastern Himalaya as an Endemic Bird Area (EBA). The EBA has an area of 220,000 km2 following the Himalayan range in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Myanmar and the Indian states of Sikkim, North Bengal, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya and Mizoram. Because of a southward occurrence of this mountain range in comparison to other Himalayan ranges, this region has a distinctly different climate, with warmer mean temperatures and fewer days with frost, and much higher rainfall. This has resulted in the occurrence of a rich array of restricted-range bird species. More than two critically endangered species, three endangered species, and 14 vulnerable species of birds are in this EBA. Stattersfield et al. (1998) identified 22 restricted range species, out of which 19 are confined to this region and the remaining three are present in other endemic and secondary areas. Eleven of the 22 restricted-range species found in this region are considered as threatened (Birdlife International 2001), a number greater than in any other EBA of India.

Northeast India is very rich in faunal diversity. There are as many as 15 species of non-human primates and most important of them are hoolock gibbon, stumptied macaque, pigtailed macaque, golden langur, hanuman langur and rhesus monkey. The most important and endangered species is one-horned rhinoceros. The forests of the region are also the habitats of elephant, royal Bengal tiger, leopard, golden cat, fishing cat, marbled cat, Bengal fox etc. the Gangetic dolphin in the Brahmaputra is also an endangered species. The other endangered species are otter, mugger crocodile, tortoise and some fishes.

WWF has identified the following priority ecoregions in North-East India:
 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests
 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
 Northeast India–Myanmar pine forests

National Parks

State Symbols

Demographics

The total population of Northeast India is 46 million with 68 percent of that living in Assam alone. Assam also has a higher population density of 397 persons per km2 than the national average of 382 persons per km2.  The literacy rates in the states of the Northeastern region, except those in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, are higher than the national average of 74 percent. As per 2011 census, Meghalaya recorded the highest population growth of 27.8 percent among all the states of the region, higher than the national average at 17.64 percent; while Nagaland recorded the lowest in the entire country with a negative 0.5 percent.

Largest cities by population

According to 2011 Census of India, the largest cities in Northeast India are

Languages

Northeast India constitutes a single linguistic region within the Indian national context, with about 220 languages in multiple language families (Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Kra–Dai, Austroasiatic, as well as some creole languages) that share a number of features that set them apart from most other areas of the Indian subcontinent (such as alveolar consonants rather than the more typical dental/retroflex distinction). Assamese, an Indo-Aryan language spoken mostly in the Brahmaputra Valley, developed as a lingua franca for many speech communities. Assamese-based pidgin/creoles have developed in Nagaland (Nagamese) and Arunachal (Nefamese), though Nefamese has been replaced by Hindi in recent times. Bengali language is another Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Assam in the Barak Valley and Tripura, being the majority and official language in both the regions. The Austro-Asiatic family is represented by the Khasi, Jaintia and War languages of Meghalaya. A small number of Tai–Kadai languages (Ahom, Tai Phake, Khamti, etc.) are also spoken. Sino-Tibetan is represented by a number of languages that differ significantly from each other, some of which are: Boro, Rabha, Karbi, Mising, Tiwa, Deori, Biate etc. (Assam); Garo, Biate (Meghalaya) Ao, Angami, Sema, Lotha, Konyak etc. (Nagaland); Mizo, Hmar, Paite, etc. (Mizoram); Hrusso, Tanee, Nisi, Adi, Abor, Nocte, Apatani, Misimi etc. (Arunachal). Kokborok is the dominant among the tribal people of Tripura and one of the official languages of the state. Meitei is the official language in Manipur, the dominant language of the Imphal Valley; while "Naga" languages such as Poumai, Mao, Maram, Rongmei (Kabui) and Tangkul, and Kuki-Chin languages such as Thadou-Kuki, Mizo, Paite, Simte and Hmar predominate in individual hill areas of the state.

Among other Indo-Aryan languages, Chakma is spoken in Mizoram and Hajong in Assam and Meghalaya. Nepali, an Indo-Aryan language, is dominant in Sikkim, besides the Sino-Tibetan languages Limbu, Bhutia, Lepcha, Rai, Tamang, Sherpa, etc. Bengali was made the official language of Colonial Assam from 1836 to 1873.

Official languages

Etymology of state names

Religions

Hinduism is the majority religion in the North Eastern states of Assam, Tripura, Manipur, Sikkim and plurality at Arunachal Pradesh while Christianity is the majority religion in Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and plurality at Manipur. Islam has a significant presence in Assam and about 93% of all North East Muslim population are concentrated in that state alone. A bulk of Christian population in India resides in North East, as about 30% of India's Christian population are being concentrated in North Eastern region alone. There is a significant presence of Buddhism in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.

Ethnic groups
Northeast India has over 220 ethnic groups and an equal number of dialects in which Bodo form the largest indigenous ethnic group. The hills states in the region like Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland are predominantly inhabited by tribal people with a degree of diversity even within the tribal groups. The region's population results from ancient and continuous flows of migrations from Tibet, Indo-Gangetic India, the Himalayas, present Bangladesh, and Myanmar.

Majority communities
These ethnic groups form significant majorities in the states/regions of Northeast India:

 Assamese people - (48.38%), largest ethnicity in Assam
 Nishi people - (20.74%), largest ethnicity in Arunachal Pradesh
 Bodo people - (30.47%), largest ethnicity in Bodoland region of Assam
 Bengali people - (63.48% and 80.84%), largest ethnicity in Tripura state and Barak Valley region of Assam
 Meitei people (AKA Manipuri people) - (53.3%), largest ethnicity in Manipur
 Tripuri people - native ethnicity of Tripura
 Mizo people (AKA Lusei people) - (73.14%), largest ethnicity in Mizoram
 Khasi people - (46.24%), largest ethnicity in Meghalaya
 Naga people - (88.24%), largest ethnicity in Nagaland
 Nepali people - (62.6%), largest ethnicity in Sikkim

Minority communities
These ethnic groups form minorities in the states of Northeast India:

Ethnic Groups by Population

Culture

Cuisines

Arts
The Manipuri Raas Leela dance (from Manipur) and the Sattriya (from Assam) have been included in the elite category of the "Classical Dances of India", as officially recognised by both the Sangeet Natak Akademi and the Ministry of Culture (India). Besides these, all tribes in Northeast India have their own folk dances associated with their religion and festivals. The tribal heritage in the region is rich with the practice of hunting, land cultivation and indigenous crafts. The rich culture is vibrant and visible with the traditional attires of each community.

All states in Northeast India share the handicrafts of bamboo and cane, wood carving, making traditional weapons and musical instruments, pottery and handloom weaving. Traditional tribal attires are made of thick fabrics primarily with cotton. Assam silk is a famous industry in the region.

Music

Northeast is a hub of different genres of music. Each community has its own rich heritage of folk music. Talented musicians and singers are plentifully found in this part of the country. The Assamese singer-composer Bhupen Hazarika achieved national and international fame with his remarkable creations. Another famous singer from Assam, Pratima Barua Pandey is a well-known folk singer. Zubeen Garg, Papon, Anurag Saikia are some other notable singers, musicians from the state of Assam. Tangkhul Naga folk blue singer like Rewben Mashangva, who comes from Ukhrul, is an acclaimed Folk singer whose music is inspired by the like of Bob Dylan and Bob Marley. Another famous folk singing band from Nagaland popularly known as Tetseo Sisters is one to be noted for their original music genre. However, younger generation has started pursuing western music more and more nowadays. The northeast region has seen a significant increase in musical innovation in the 21st century.

Literature

Many of the Northeast Indian indigenous communities have an ancient heritage of folktales which tell the tale of their origin, rituals, beliefs and so on. These tales are transmitted from one generation to another in oral form. They are remarkable instances of tribal wisdom and imagination. However, Assam, Tripura and Manipur have some ancient written texts. These states were mentioned in the great Hindu epic Mahabharata. The Saptakanda Ramayana in Assamese by Madhava Kandali is considered the first translation of the Sanskrit Ramayana into a modern Indo-Aryan Language. Karbi Ramayana bears witness to the old heritage of written literature in Assam. Two writers from the Northeast, viz., Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya and Mamoni Raisom Goswami, have been awarded Jnanpith, the highest literary award in India. Hence, Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya was the first Assamese writer and from the Northeast India to receive Jnanpith Award for his Assamese novel Mrityunjay(1979). Mamoni Raisom Goswami was awarded the Jnanpith Award in the year 2000. Nagen Saikia is the first writer from Assam and the Northeast India, to have been conferred the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship by the Sahitya Akademi. The last quarter of the 20th century saw the rise of modern literature in the Northeast. Most of the writers, especially the tribal writers, are bilingual, that is, they write both in their mother-tongue and English. Some of the general features of this literature are—retrieval of folklore, celebration of folk culture, identity politics, reaction to the insurgency and counter-insurgency operations, depiction of natural beauty, changes meted out by time, etc. The major writers of Northeast Literature are--(from Assam) Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Homen Borgohain, Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya, Harekrishna Deka, Rongbong Terang, Nilmani Phukan, Indira Goswami, Hiren Bhattacharyya, Mitra Phukan, Jahnavi Barua, Dhruba Hazarika, Rita Chowdhury, D N Bezbarua, Nilim Kumar, Anupama Basumatary, Uddipana Goswami, Aruni Kashyap; (from Arunachal Pradesh) Mamang Dai; (from Manipur) Robin S Ngangom, Ratan Thiyam, Thangjam Ibopishak, Gambhini Devi, T Bijoykumar Singh; (from Meghalaya) Kynpham Sing Nongkynrih, Esther Syiem, Desmond Kharmawphlang, Paul Lyngdoh, Anjum Hassan; (from Mizoram) Mona Zote; (from Nagaland) Temsula Ao, Cherrie Chhangte, Easterine Kire; (from Sikkim) Sudha M Rai, Rajendra Bhandari (from Tripura) Chandrakanta Murasingh. Temsula Ao is the first writer from Northeast India to be awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award (2013) in the Indian English Literature category for her collection of short stories, Laburnum for My Head, and Padmashree (2007). Easterine Kire is the first English novelist hailed from Nagaland. She received The Hindu Literary Prize (2015) for her novel When the River Sleeps. Indira Goswami, alias Mamoni Roisom Goswami, is an acclaimed Assamese writer whose novels include Moth-Eaten Howda of the Tusker, Pages Stained with Blood, The Shadow of Kamakhya and The Blue-Necked God. Mamang Dai won the Sahitya Akademi Award (2017) for her novel The Black Hill.

Festivals

Indigenous festivals in the northeast include the Ojiale festival of the Wancho people, Chhekar festival of the Sherdukpen people, Longte Yullo festival of Nishis, Solung festival of Adis, Losar festival of Monpas, Reh festival of Idu Mishmis and Dree festival of Apatani. Mamita Tripurabda(Tring festival), Buisu, Hangrai, Hojagiri, Kharchi and Garia festivals of Tripura,  In Manipur popular festivals include Ningol Chakouba and the Manipur boat racing festival or the Heikru Hidongba, Chasok Tangnam festival of Limbu people.

Administration and political disputes

International borders management
 McMahon Line and China–India border crossings patrolled by Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Special Frontier Force with China along Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh
 India-Bangladesh border and crossings patrolled by Border Security Force along Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram
 India–Myanmar border, crossings patrolled by Assam Rifles and Indian Army along Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram
 India-Bhutan borders patrolled by Sashastra Seema Bal along Sikkim, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh
 India-Nepal border patrolled by Sashastra Seema Bal along Sikkim

Pan-states development authorities
 Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER)
 North Eastern Council

States and sub-divisions

Government
The northeastern states, having 3.8% of India's total population, are allotted 25 out of a total of 543 seats in the Lok Sabha. This is 4.6% of the total number of seats.

20th century separatist unrest

In 1947 Indian independence and partition resulted in the North East becoming a landlocked region. This exacerbated the isolation that has been recognized, but not studied. East Pakistan controlled access to the Indian Ocean. The mountainous terrain has hampered the construction of road and railways connections in the region.

Several militant groups have formed an alliance to fight against the governments of India, Bhutan, and Myanmar, and now use the term "Western Southeast Asia" (WESEA) to refer to the region. The separatist groups include the Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL), People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak-Pro (PREPAK-Pro), Revolutionary People's Front (RPF) and United National Liberation Front (UNLF) of Manipur, Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (HNLC) of Meghalaya, Kamatapur Liberation Organization (KLO), which operates in Assam and North Bengal, National Democratic Front of Bodoland and ULFA of Assam, and the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT).

Economy

The Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) is the deciding body under Government of India for socio-economic development in the region. The North Eastern Council under MDoNER serves as the regional governing body for Northeast India. The North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd. (NEDFi) is a Public Limited Company providing assistance to micro, small, medium and large enterprises within the northeastern region (NER). Other organizations under MDoNER include North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation Limited (NERAMAC), Sikkim Mining Corporation Limited (SMC) and North Eastern Handlooms and Handicrafts Development Corporation (NEHHDC).

List of NE states by NSDP 2022-23

Industries

Agriculture

The economy is agrarian. Little land is available for settled agriculture. Along with settled agriculture, jhum (slash-and-burn) cultivation is still practised by a few indigenous groups of people.
The inaccessible terrain and internal disturbances has made rapid industrialisation difficult in the region.

Tourism

Living Root Bridges

Northeast India is also the home of many living root bridges. In Meghalaya, these can be found in the southern Khasi and Jaintia Hills. They are still widespread in the region, though as a practice they are fading out, with many examples having been destroyed in floods or replaced by more standard structures in recent years. Living root bridges have also been observed in the state of Nagaland, near the Indo-Myanmar border.

Newspapers and Magazines

Northeast India has several newspapers in both English and regional languages. The largest circulated English daily in Assam is The Assam Tribune. In Meghalaya, The Shillong Times is the highest circulated newspaper. In Nagaland, Nagaland Post has the highest number of readers. G Plus is the only print and digital English weekly tabloid published from Guwahati. In Manipur, Imphal Free Press is a highly respected newspaper. In Arunachal Pradesh, The Arunachal Times is the highest circulated newspaper in Arunachal Pradesh.

Transportation

Air

States in the North Eastern Region are well connected by air-transport conducting regular flights to all major cities in the country. The states also own several small airstrips for military and private purposes which may be accessed using Pawan Hans helicopter services. The region currently has two international airports viz. Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Bir Tikendrajit International Airport Maharaja Bir Bikram Airport conducting flights to Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan. While the airport in Sikkim is under-construction, Bagdogra Airport  remains the closest domestic airport to the state.

Railway

Railway in Northeast India is delineated as Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways. The regional network is underdeveloped. States of Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Sikkim will remain almost disconnected till March 2023 when the capital cities of Manipur Mizoram and-Nagaland are expected to get the rail links once the under construction rail projects are completed.

Look East Policy

In the 21st century, there has been recognition among policymakers and economists of the region that the main stumbling block for economic development of the Northeastern region is the disadvantageous geographical location. It was argued that globalisation propagates deterritorialisation and a borderless world which is often associated with economic integration. With 98 percent of its borders with China, Myanmar, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Nepal, Northeast India appears to have a better scope for development in the era of globalisation. As a result, a new policy developed among intellectuals and politicians that one direction the Northeastern region must be looking to as a new way of development lies with political integration with the rest of India and economic integration with the rest of Asia and Oceania, with North, East and Southeast Asia, Micronesia and Polynesia in particular, as the policy of economic integration with the rest of India did not yield much dividends. With the development of this new policy, the Government of India directed its Look East policy towards developing the Northeastern region. This policy is reflected in the Year End Review 2004 of the Ministry of External Affairs, which stated that: "India's Look East Policy has now been given a new dimension by the UPA Government. India is now looking towards a partnership with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN countries, both within BIMSTEC and the India-ASEAN Summit dialogue as integrally linked to economic and security interests, particularly for India's East and North East region."

Development and connectivity projects
The north-east (NE) region of India lags behind the rest of the country in several development indicators. Although infrastructure has developed over the years, the region has to go a long way to level up the national standard. The total road network of about 377 thousand km of NE contributes about 9.94 per cent of the total roads in the country. Road density in terms of road length per thousand square kilometers. area is very poor in hilly state of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Sikkim, while it is significantly high in Tripura and Assam. The road length per 100 km2 area in NE districts varies from as less as below 10 km (in Arunachal Pradesh) to more than 200 km (in Tripura). Other means of transport such as rail, air and water is insignificant in NE (except Assam); however, a few cities of these states having direct air connectivity in the region. The total railway network in the NE is 2,602 km (as on 2011), which is only about 4 per cent of the total rail network of the country. Constructions of roads build the road map for development and road is the only means of mass transport for the entire NE of India. Due to hilly terrain and varied altitudes, rail transport is mainly confined to Assam and water transport is almost non-existent.

India's road network has benefited greatly from the articulation of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP). The Ministry has formulated the Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for North East (SARDP-NE) for the development/improvement of more than 10,000 km roads in the NE states. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has been paying special attention to the development of national highways in the region and has assigned 10 per cent of the total allocation of fund for the NE region.

Another major constraint of surface infrastructure projects in the NE states has to be linked up with parallel developments in the neighboring countries, particularly with Bangladesh. The restoration and extension of pre-partition land and river transit routes through Bangladesh is vital for transport infrastructure in NE states. Other international cooperation, such as, revival of Ledo road (Stilwell road) connecting Ledo in Assam to northern Myanmar and extended up to Kunming in south-eastern China, Kaladan Multimodal Transit Project and Trans-Asian Railways, could open up an eastern window for the land-locked NE states of India. Various regional initiatives, such as, the Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar (BCIM) and Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway (IMTTH) project to link the markets of South and Southeast Asia, are in very initial stages.

 NE road, rail, air services, water, power, and tourism projects
 Look-East connectivity projects with ASEAN and SAARC

See also

Battle of the Tennis Court
Laskar Committee Report
Ledo Road (Stillwell Road)
List of Christian denominations in Northeast India
Literature from North East India
Political integration of India
History of Ladakh
List of indigenous peoples of South Asia
 East India
 North India
 South India
 Central India
 Western India
 Administrative divisions of India

References

Citations

Sources cited

External links

 Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
 Know India/States
 Northeast India Tourism

Regions of India
Tourism in Northeast India

Northeast India


Siamanna (sardinski: Siamànna) je grad i općina (comune) u pokrajini Oristanu u regiji Sardiniji, Italija. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 100 metara i ima 812 stanovnika. Prostire se na 28,36 km². Gustoća naseljenosti je 29 st/km².Susjedne općine su: Allai, Oristano, Ruinas, Siapiccia, Simaxis i Villaurbana.

Izvori

Općine u pokrajini Oristano

Siamanna


Human resources is the group of individuals who make up the workforce of an organization.

Human resource may also refer to:
 Human resource management, the field or department that handles the management of an organization's workforce
 Human Resources (audio drama), a Doctor Who audio drama
 Human Resources (film) or Ressources humaines, a French film from 1999 directed by Laurent Cantet
 Human Resource (band), Dutch electronic music band
 The Human Resource, a drum and bass compilation album presented by Dieselboy
 Human Resources (TV series), a spin-off of the American animated sitcom Big Mouth

Human resources (disambiguation)


Timochares es un género de lepidópteros ditrisios de la subfamilia Pyrginae  dentro de la familia Hesperiidae.

Especies
Timochares runia Evans, 1953
Timochares ruptifasciatus (Plötz, 1884)
Timochares trifasciata (Hewitson, 1868)

Referencias
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Timochares at funet

Enlaces externos

 http://www.tolweb.org/Timochares/95403

Erynnini

Timochares


Cayennepeber er frugten fra Capsicum frutescens eller Capsicum annuum. Det er almindeligvis en moderat stærk chilipeber, der bruges som krydderi. Cayenne-peberfrugter bliver 10 til 25 cm lange, og frugterne er generelt magre og ofte rødfarvede, ofte med en buet spids og bølget skind. De fleste sorter er generelt klassificeret på 30.000 til 50.000 Scoville-enheder.

For at lave krydderiet cayennepeber bliver frugterne tørret og derefter malet. Til tider er krydderiet cayenne dog lavet af en blanding af forskellige typer peberfrugter.

Kilder/referencer

Paprika
Krydderier

Cayennepeber


Olaylar
 Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na bağlı Macaristan Krallığı'nın elindeki Budin, Avusturya Arşidüklüğü tarafından, 31 Ekim - 20 Aralık tarihleri arasında kuşatıldı, kuşatma Macaristan zaferi ile sonuçlandı.
 Tarasca devleti dağıldı (kuruluşu 1300).
 Mantua Dükalığı kuruldu (dağılışı 1708).
 Probota Manastırı'nın yapımı tamamlandı.

Doğumlar
 18 Şubat - Uesugi Kenshin, Japonya'da geç Sengoku döneminde Echigo vilayetini yöneten bir daimyō (ö. 1578)
 25 Ağustos - IV. İvan, İvan Vasiliyeviç, ya da yaygın adıyla Korkunç İvan, son Moskova Knezi ve ilk Rusya çarı (ö. 1584)
 1 Kasım - Etienne de La Boétie, modern siyaset biliminin temellerini atan Fransız yazar, düşünür, yargıç ve siyasetçi (ö. 1563)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Anastasiya Romanovna, Rus çarı IV. İvan'ın eşi, Rus çariçesi ve ondan sonraki çar I. Fyodor'un annesi (ö. 1560)
 Cesare de Bagno, İtalyan heykeltıraş (ö. 1564)
 Çivizade Hacı Mehmed Efendi, Osmanlı şeyhülislamı (ö. 1587)
 Jean Bodin, Fransız hukukçu, tarihçi, siyaset felsefesi filozofu (ö. 1596)
 Tiryaki Hasan Paşa, Kanije Savunması'nı yaparak ünlenen Osmanlı paşası (ö. 1611)

Ölümler
 21 Ocak - Andrea del Sarto, Yüksek Rönesans ve Maniyerizm üslubunun başlangıç döneminde İtalyan ressam (d. 1486)
 2 Ağustos - Kanō Masanobu, Kanō Okulu'nu açan Japon ressam (d. 1434)
 10 Ağustos - Konstanty Ostrogski, Litvanya Büyük Dükalığı'nın bir prens ve generali (d. 1460)
 29 Kasım - Thomas Wolsey, kardinal, bir dönem İngiltere kralı VIII. Henry'nin baş danışmanı (d. 1473)
 26 Aralık - Babür, 1. Babür İmparatoru (d. 1483)

1530


دائرة عين كرمس إحدى دوائر  ولاية تيارت الجزائرية .  عاصمتها هي عين كرمس  وتضم بلديات  :
 عين كرمس
 مادنة
 مدريسة
 جبيلة الرصفاء
 سيدي عبد الرحمان
 تحدها شمالا دائرة فرندة و شرقا دائرة عين الذهب و غريبا ولاية سعيدة و جنوبا ولاية البيض

مصادر

عين كرمس

دائرة عين كرمس


Kışla, Elmalı - Antalya ili Elmalı ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kışlaköy, Isparta - Isparta ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kışlaköy, Ödemiş - İzmir ili Ödemiş ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kışlaköy, Elbistan - Kahramanmaraş ili Elbistan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kışlaköy, Ovacık - Karabük ili Ovacık ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kışlaköy, Başyayla - Karaman ili Başyayla ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kışlaköy, Araç - Kastamonu ili Araç ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kışlaköy, Tavşanlı - Kütahya ili Tavşanlı ilçesine bağlı köy
 Kışlaköy, Yunusemre - Manisa ili Yunusemre ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kışlaköy, Mut - Mersin ili Mut ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kışlaköy, Tekkeköy - Samsun ili Tekkeköy ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kışlaköy, Yozgat - Yozgat ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy

Kışlaköy


Jorge de Almada, fidalgo escudeiro (1582 ou 1583) e que em 1594 morreu capitão em Malaca.

Formou parte da armada que foi para a Índia portuguesa, em 5 de abril de 1582, capitaneada por António de Melo.

Era filho de D. Antão Soares de Almada e de D. Vicência de Castro, filha de Rui Pereira da Silva, Alcaide-Mor de Silves e Guarda-mor do Infante D. João, e de sua mulher e prima-tia D. Isabel da Silva, senhora do Morgadio de Monchique.

Capitães do Reino de Portugal
Fidalgos da Casa Real
Nobres de Portugal do século XVI
Naturais de Portugal

Jorge de Almada


Torjus Hansén (født 29. oktober 1973 i Skien, Norge) er en norsk tidligere fodboldspiller (forsvarer).

Hansén tilbragte størstedelen af sin 20 år lange karriere hos Odd Grenland i sin fødeby. Han spillede i alt 12 sæsoner for klubben, og havde også ophold hos Rosenborg, Lillestrøm og tyske Arminia Bielefeld. I tiden hos Rosenborg var han med til at vinde to mesterskaber og én pokaltitel.

Hansén spillede desuden tre kampe for Norges landshold, som han debuterede for 20. november 2002 i en venskabskamp på udebane mod Østrig.

Titler
Norsk mesterskab
 2003 og 2004 med Rosenborg

Norsk pokalturnering
 2003 med Rosenborg

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Norge
Fodboldspillere fra Odds BK
Fodboldspillere fra Rosenborg BK
Fodboldspillere fra Lillestrøm SK
Fodboldspillere fra Arminia Bielefeld
Personer fra Skien

Torjus Hansén


Grupa A al Cupei Confederațiilor FIFA 2017 va avea loc în perioada 17 - 24 iunie. Din grupă fac parte Rusia, Noua Zeelandă, Portugalia, și Mexic. Top două echipe vor avansa în semifinale.

Echipele

Note

clasament

Meciurile

Rusia vs Noua Zeelandă

Portugalia vs Mexic

Rusia vs Portugalia

Mexic vs Noua Zeelandă

Mexic vs Rusia

Noua Zeelandă vs Portugalia

Referințe

Lincuri externe
 Site Oficial
 Documentele oficiale și Documentele meciurilor

Competiții organizate de FIFA

Cupa Confederațiilor FIFA 2017 Grupa A


Møbelringen Cup 2016 var den 16. udgave af Møbelringen Cup og blev afholdt fra 24. - 27. november 2016 i DNB Arena i Stavanger i Norge. Turneringen havde deltagelse af , ,  og værtsnationen . Det var en opvarmningsturnering for fire landshold inden EM i håndbold 2016 i Sverige. Turneringen blev vundet af , der vandt turneringen for tiende gang.

Resultater

Topscorer

All-Star Team

 Målvogtere:  Kari Aalvik Grimsbø
 Venstre fløj:  Camilla Herrem
 Højre fløj:  Anna Vyakhireva
 Venstre back:  Veronica Kristiansen
 Højre back:  Mette Tranborg
 Playmaker:  Daria Dmitrieva
 Stregspiller:  Marit Malm Frafjord

Eksterne henvisninger
 Resultater

2016
Håndbold i 2016

Møbelringen Cup 2016


ටයිගර් ශෙරෝෆ්  (උපත 1990 මර්තු 2) චිත්රපට වැඩ කරන ඉන්දීය සිනමා රංගන ශිල්පියෙකු සහ අංගම් ශිල්පියා වේ. නළු ජැකී ශ්‍රෝෆ් සහ නිෂ්පාදිකා අයේෂා දත්ගේ පුත්‍රරත්නය, ඔහු තම මංගල චිත්‍රපටයවූ ප්‍රහසනාත්මක Heropanti ,ප්‍රධාන භූමිකාවක් රඟ දක්වන ලද අතර එය ෆිල්ම් ෆෙයාර් සම්මානය උළෙල සඳහා නාම යෝජනා විය.

මූලාශ්‍ර

1990 උපත්
සිනමාව
ඉන්දියානු සිනමාව

ටයිගර් ශ්‍රෝෆ්


Tamnocrvena kruščika (tamnogrimizna krušćika, lat. Epipactis atrorubens), vrsta orhideje iz roda kruščika'. Raste po Europi i zapadnoj i sjeverozapadnoj Aziji, a ima je i po Hrvatskoj. Voli svjetle šume i šumske čistine, a može je se naći i uz putove.

Tamnocrvena kruščika ima uspravnu ili malo povijenu stabljiku koja naraste do 50 centimetara. Podanak je kratak, listovi veliki, do 12cm dugi i najviše 5cm široki. Cvjetovi mirišu na vaniliju, tamnocrvene su boje, dvospolni, njih 10 do 50 je skupljeno na gornjem dijelu stabljike u duguljaste cvatove. Plod je oko 1cm duga eliptična kapsula sa sitnim sjemenkama.  Cvate od lipnja do kolovoza.

Sinonimi

 Amesia atropurpurea (Raf.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.
 Amesia rubiginosa (Crantz) Mousley
 Epipactis atropurpurea Raf.
 Epipactis atrorubens var. atrata A.Waldner & Webernd.
 Epipactis atrorubens subsp. danubialis (Robatsch & Rydlo) Ciocârlan & R.Rösler
 Epipactis atrorubens var. macedonica Kreutz, Tsiftsis & Antonop.
 Epipactis atrorubens f. sirneensis Neirynck
 Epipactis atrorubens subsp. spiridonovii (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
 Epipactis atrorubens subsp. subclausa (Robatsch) Kreutz
 Epipactis atrorubens subsp. triploidea Gelbr. & G.Hamel
 Epipactis atrorubens var. triploidea (Gelbr. & G.Hamel) Kreutz
 Epipactis cruenta Bertero ex Vignolo
 Epipactis danubialis Robatsch & Rydlo
 Epipactis helleborine var. viridans Crantz
 Epipactis macropodia Peterm.
 Epipactis media Fr.
 Epipactis microphylla Sieber ex Nyman
 Epipactis persica subsp. danubialis (Robatsch & Rydlo) Kreutz
 Epipactis spiridonovii Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers
 Epipactis subclausa Robatsch
 Epipactis thessala B.Baumann & H.Baumann
 Helleborine atropurpurea (Raf.) Schinz & Thell.
 Helleborine atrorubens (Hoffm.) Druce
 Helleborine media (Fr.) Druce
 Helleborine rubiginosa (Crantz) Samp.
 Helleborine viridans (Crantz) Samp.
 Limodorum rubiginosum (Crantz) Kuntze
 Serapias atrorubens (Hoffm.) Bernh.
 Serapias latifolia O.F.Müll.
 Serapias latifolia atrorubens Hoffm.
 Serapias sylvestris'' Murray ex Steud.

Izvori

Kruščika

Tamnocrvena kruščika


Germania je album njemačkog RAC sastava Stahlgewitter, realiziran 1998. godine.

Popis pjesama

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Stahlgewitter - Germania (1998) FULL ALBUM-CD на YouTube
 Stahlgewitter - Germania na Discogs
 Stahlgewitter - Germania na Last.fm

Albumi sastava Stahlgewitter
Albumi iz 1998.

Germania (album)


Die Straßenradsport-Weltmeisterschaften 1933 fanden am 12. und 14. August in Montlhéry (Frankreich) statt.

Rennverlauf
Am 12. August 1933 starteten die Amateure über 125 Kilometer. Es gab einen Schweizer Doppelsieg durch Paul Egli und Kurt Stettler. Der neue Weltmeister Egli benötigte für seinen Sieg 37,1 km/h und gewann mit einem Vorsprung von 51 Sekunden vor seinem Landsmann. Das Verfolgerfeld kam fast drei Minuten später ins Ziel. Die Franzosen feierten einen Doppelsieg bei den Berufsfahrern, die 250 Kilometer zu fahren hatten. Es siegte der 26-jährige Georges Speicher vor seinem Teamkollegen Antonin Magne, der im Ziel einen Rückstand von fünf Minuten hatte. Das Stundenmittel für Speicher betrug 35,0 km/h.

Ergebnisse

Weblinks

 www.cyclingfever.com

1933
1933
Radsportveranstaltung 1933
Montlhéry
Sportveranstaltung im Département Essonne


Ikegami Kaneo (jap. ; Künstlername , Ikemiya Shōichirō; * 13. Mai 1923 in der Präfektur Tokio; † 6. Mai 2007 in Tokio) war ein japanischer Schriftsteller und Drehbuchautor.

Ikegami verfasste Drehbücher zu mehreren bekannten Filmen, so Seventeen Ninjas (Jushichinin no Ninja, 1963) und zu 13 Assassins (1963), das 2010 von Takashi Miike neu verfilmt wurde. Als Dramatiker und Romanautor publizierte er unter dem Namen Ikemiya Shōichirō und lieferte die Vorlagen für die Filme 47 Ronin (Shijūshichinin no shikaku, 1994) und Saigo no chūshingura (2010).

Filmografie
Saigo no chūshingura (Regie: Shigemichi Sugita, 2010)
13 Assassins (Jūsan-nin no shikaku, Regie: Takashi Miike, 2010)
Shijūshichinin no shikaku (47 Ronin, Regie: Kon Ichikawa, 1994)
Kumokiri Nizaemon (nach Shotaro Ikenami, Regie: Hideo Gosha, 1978)
Kage gari: Hoero taihō (Regie: Toshio Masuda, 1972)
Showa no inochi (Regie: Toshio Masuda, 1969)
Burai yori daikanbu (nach Goro Fujita, Regie: Toshio Masuda, 1968)
Daikanbu - burai (nach Goro Fujita, Regie: Keiichi Ozawa, 1968)
Ketto (Regie: Toshio Masuda, 1967)
Kurenai no nagareboshi (Regie: Toshio Masuda, 1967)
Eiko eno chōsen (Regie: Toshio Masuda, 1966)
Arashi o yobu otoko (Regie: Toshio Masuda, 1966)
Dai satsujin (nach einer Idee von Norimichi Matsudaira, Regie: Eiichi Kudo, 1964)
Jūsan-nin no shikaku (13 Assassins, Regie: Eiichi Kudo, 1963)
Tokyo yoitoko (nach Shinichi Sekizawa, 1957)

Quelle

Autor
Schriftsteller (Tokio)
Drehbuchautor
Drama
Roman, Epik
Literatur (Japanisch)
Japaner
Geboren 1923
Gestorben 2007
Mann

Ikegami Kaneo


Corinne Stoddard est une patineuse de vitesse sur piste courte, patineuse de vitesse sur longue piste et pratiquante de roller en ligne américaine.

Biographie
Corinne Stoddard naît à Seattle le 15 août 2001. Elle est entraînée par Stephen Gough au sein de l'équipe nationale à Salt Lake City.

Elle fait aussi du roller en ligne : en 2020, elle est championne du monde junior du 10 000 mètres par élimination. Elle tient également, en 2022, le record national junior du sprint par équipes en patinage de vitesse sur piste longue.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Patineuse de vitesse sur piste courte américaine
Patineuse de vitesse sur piste courte aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022
Naissance en août 2001
Naissance à Seattle

Corinne Stoddard


Juan José Cruz Martínez (Monclova, de Coahuila, 1 de septiembre de 1952) es un político mexicano, miembro del Partido de la Revolución Democrática.

Es ingeniero agrónomo por la Universidad de Chapingo. Fue fundador del Partido del Trabajo en Durango, junto con su hermano Marcos Carlos Cruz Martínez, así como miembro del Comité de Defensa Popular (CDP) en Durango. Fue regidor dese 1989 a 1992, diputado local desde 1992 hasta 1995, dirigente estatal del Partido del Trabajo, diputado federal desde 1997 hasta 2000 del Congreso de la Unión, en el que fue dos veces presidente de la Cámara de Diputados de México en 1997 y 1998 y dos veces vicepresidente, diputado local desde 2007 hasta 2010, tiempo en el que fue un feroz crítico del gobierno del estado de Durango.

Se afilió al Partido de la Revolución Democrática en el 2008, perteneciendo a la corriente de Unidad Democrática Nacional (UDENA) en Durango.

Miembros del Partido de la Revolución Democrática

Juan José Cruz Martínez


An Ischaemum rugosum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Richard Anthony Salisbury. An Ischaemum rugosum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ischaemum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Ischaemum

Ischaemum rugosum


Kukko er et finsk ølmærke, der er fremstillet siden 2001. Navnet Kukko betyder hane på finsk og på ølmærkets logo, kan man faktisk se en hane.

Mad fra Finland

Kukko (øl)


Život sa slikama je hrvatski dokumentarni film iz 2011. godine, koji je snimila HRT. Film je o životu i radu hrvatskog crtača i ilustratora Nenada Barinića  od 23. ožujka - 2. travnja 2012. godine. Film traje 45 minuta.

Izvori

Hrvatski dokumentarni filmovi

Život sa slikama


العواشب  هي كائنات حية تكون تشريحياً وفيزيولوجيا مكييفة لأكل الأطعمة ذات الأصل النباتي (من هنا أتت كلمة العاشب). آكلات الأعشاب يمكن النظر إلى أنهم يتبعون شكل من أشكال الاستهلاك القائم على أكل أساساً الكائنات ذاتية التغذية مثل النباتات والطحالب والبكتيريا المخلّقة للضوء.

أمثلة على الحيوانات العاشبة: الخروف، الجمل، الماعز.

الكائنات العاشبة تشير عادة إلى الحيوانات التي تأكل النباتات، والفطريات، الأولانيات والبكتيريا التي تتغذي من النباتات الحية والتي عادة ما تكون أمراض نباتية، والميكروبات تتغذى على النباتات الميتة التي هي رمية التغذية أو محللات. والنباتات المزهرة التي تحصل على الغذاء من كائنات أخرى المعيشة تسمى النباتات الطفيلية.

انظر أيضا
 لواحم
 دفاع النباتات ضد العواشب
 قائمة بسلوكيات التغذية
 آكلات الأعشاب
 حيوانات خاشبة

مراجع

حيوانات حسب السلوك الغذائي
سلوكيات الأكل
عواشب
مصطلحات علم البيئة

عاشب (حيوان)


Raczyce peut faire référence à :

Toponymie
en Pologne

 dans la voïvodie de Grande-Pologne :
 Raczyce, village du powiat d'Ostrów Wielkopolski

 dans la voïvodie de Basse-Silésie :
 Raczyce, village du powiat de Ząbkowice Śląskie
 Raczyce, village du powiat de Jawor

 dans la voïvodie de Sainte-Croix :
 Raczyce, village du powiat de Busko

Raczyce


Mare Orientale (em latim orientāle, o "mar oriental") é um Mare lunar. Ele está localizado na fronteira oeste do lado próximo e lado distante da Lua, e é difícil de ver de uma perspectiva terrestre. Imagens da espaçonave revelaram que é uma das características lunares de grande escala mais impressionantes, assemelhando-se a um alvo anelar.

Geologia
Durante a década de 1960, imagens retificadas do Mare Orientale por Gerard Kuiper no Laboratório Lunar e Planetário deram origem à noção de ser uma cratera de impacto. A estrutura, com a planície plana da égua no centro, tem cerca de 900 quilômetros (560 milhas) de diâmetro e foi formada pelo impacto de um objeto do tamanho de um asteroide, possivelmente 64 km (40 mi) de diâmetro e viajando a 15 km/s (9,3 mi/s). Em comparação com a maioria das outras bacias lunares, Mare Orientale é menos inundada por basaltos de mar, de modo que grande parte da estrutura da bacia é visível. O basalto na porção central da bacia Orientale tem provavelmente menos de 1 km (0,62 mi) de espessura, o que é muito menor do que as bacias de mares no lado da Lua voltado para a Terra. A colisão causou ondulações na crosta lunar, resultando nas três feições circulares concêntricas. Os anéis mais internos desta vasta cratera com vários anéis são os Montes Rook interno e externo, e o anel mais externo é a Cordilheira dos Montes, com 930 km (580 milhas) de diâmetro. A partir daqui, os ejectos estendem-se por cerca de 500 km (310 milhas) do sopé das montanhas e formam uma superfície áspera com montículos e com características radialmente alinhadas em direção ao centro.

O programa Apollo não coletou amostras de rochas do Mare Orientale, portanto sua idade precisa não é conhecida. No entanto, é a bacia de impacto mais recente da Lua, provavelmente bem mais jovem que a Bacia Imbrium, que tem cerca de 3,85 bilhões de anos. O material da bacia circundante é da época do Ímbrio Inferior, com o material do mar sendo da época do Ímbrio Superior.

Localizado no antípoda do Mare Orientale está o Mare Marginis.

Uma concentração de massa (mascon), ou alta gravitacional, foi identificada no centro do Mare Orientale a partir do rastreamento Doppler das cinco espaçonaves Lunar Orbiter em 1968. O mascon foi confirmado e mapeado em maior resolução com orbitadores posteriores, como o Lunar Prospector e GRAIL.

Descoberta e nome
Mare Orientale é difícil de observar da Terra, pois fica no extremo oeste do lado próximo. Tudo o que pode ser visto são as cadeias montanhosas acidentadas — a Torre dos Montes e a Cordilheira dos Montes — e alguns vislumbres do material escuro do mar além delas. No entanto, a libração da Lua significa que em raras ocasiões o Mare Orientale está ligeiramente mais voltado para a Terra e se torna um pouco mais discernível.

Embora vários astrônomos tenham observado indícios da égua, ela foi descrita pela primeira vez pelo astrônomo alemão Julius Franz em seu livro de 1906 Der Mond ("A Lua"). Franz também deu à égua seu nome, o "Mar Oriental", pois estava localizada no que a convenção na época considerava ser o lado leste da Lua visto da Terra, embora seja o lado ocidental visto por um astronauta andando na Lua. Em 1961, no entanto, a União Astronômica Internacional adotou a convenção astronáutica para leste e oeste na Lua e este membro tornou-se a borda ocidental.

O primeiro estudo detalhado do Mare Orientale foi feito por Hugh Percy Wilkins, que o chamou de "Lunar Mare X". As descobertas de Franz não eram bem conhecidas, e na edição de 1976 de seu livro Guide to the Moon, Patrick Moore afirma que ele e Wilkins descobriram e nomearam Mare Orientale em 1946. No entanto, Moore credita Franz como descobridor em seu 2009 Anuário de Astronomia (p. 133-135).

Galeria

Referências

Bibliografia

Astronomia

Mare Orientale


Cette page présente les  des ventes de singles et d'albums au Royaume-Uni pour l'année 2022 selon The Official Charts Company.
Les classements hebdomadaires sont issus des 100 meilleures ventes de singles (UK Singles Chart) et des 100 meilleures ventes d'albums (UK Albums Chart). Ils prennent en compte les ventes physiques et numériques ainsi que les écoutes en streaming converties en équivalents ventes. Ils sont dévoilés chaque vendredi.

Classement des singles

Classement des albums

Meilleures ventes de l'année
 As It Was de Harry Styles est numéro 1 du classement annuel des singles avec  équivalents ventes. La chanson et son clip vidéo arrivent en tête des diffusions en streaming, avec  écoutes et visionnages. Le single réalise le meilleur résultat en ventes pures (physiques et numériques) avec  exemplaires écoulés. Enfin, As It Was est le titre qui est resté le plus longtemps en tête du classement hebdomadaire (dix semaines consécutives). En deuxième position, on retrouve Bad Habits d'Ed Sheeran qui était la meilleure vente de l'année précédente. En 2022, le titre compte  équivalents ventes.

 Harry Styles arrive également en tête des ventes annuelles d'albums avec Harry's House qui totalise  équivalents ventes dont  ventes pures ( en physique et  en numérique). C'est l'album qui a passé le plus de temps à la première place du classement hebdomadaire (six semaines non consécutives). Le membre du groupe One Direction devance là aussi Ed Sheeran qui est second avec = (place qu'il occupait déjà en 2021) qui compte  équivalents ventes. La troisième place est occupée par Midnights de Taylor Swift qui cumule  équivalents ventes, dont  ventes pures ( copies physiques et  téléchargements).

{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="10" style="width: 100%; border: 0;"
|- style="background: #efefef;"
! Singles
! Albums
|- valign ="top" style="background: #ffffff;"
| width="50%" |
 Harry Styles - As It Was
 Ed Sheeran - Bad Habits
 Fireboy DML et Ed Sheeran - Peru
 Cat Burns - Go
 Ed Sheeran - Shivers
 Kate Bush - Running Up That Hill
 Glass Animals - Heat Waves
 Lost Frequencies et Calum Scott - Where Are You Now
 LF System - Afraid to Feel
 Sam Fender - Seventeen Going Under
| width="50%" |
 'Harry Styles - Harry's House Ed Sheeran - = Taylor Swift - Midnights The Weeknd - The Highlights Olivia Rodrigo - Sour Eminem - Curtain Call: The Hits Elton John - Diamonds Fleetwood Mac - 50 Years - Don't Stop Little Mix - Between Us ABBA - Gold - Greatest Hits|}

 Faits marquants
 Albums
 43 albums ont été numéro 1 en 2022. Le record du nombre d'albums arrivé en tête du classement hebdomadaire en un an, établi en 2020, est égalé.

 Avec l'album XXV où il revisite ses succès, Robbie Williams classe son  album en tête des ventes et devient l'artiste solo ayant classé le plus grand nombre d'albums à la première place du palmarès britannique (seuls les Beatles ont fait mieux avec 15 numéro 1).

 Le chanteur canadien Michael Bublé place deux albums au sommet du hit-parade: le récent Higher en avril et Christmas, sorti en 2011, qui retrouve la tête du classement en fin d'année.

 Singles
 15 titres ont atteint la première place en 2022.

 La chanson , tirée de la bande originale du film Encanto : La Fantastique Famille Madrigal, est la première chanson originale d'un film des studios Disney numéro 1 au Royaume-Uni.

 De retour dans le classement grâce à son utilisation dans la série télévisée Stranger Things, la chanson Running Up that Hill de Kate Bush arrive pour la première fois au sommet 37 ans après sa sortie originale en 1985, et devient le single à avoir mis le plus de temps à être numéro 1. Kate Bush bat ainsi le précédent record détenu par le groupe Wham! avec Last Christmas qui avait décroché la première place 36 ans après sa sortie originale. La chanteuse est aussi l'artiste féminine la plus âgée (63 ans et 11 mois) à être numéro un des ventes de singles, et elle établit le record de la plus longue durée entre deux numéro un interprétés par un même artiste. 44 ans séparent en effet Wuthering Heights, au sommet en 1978, et Running Up that Hill.

 Last Christmas de Wham! est de nouveau numéro 1, deux ans après la première fois, alors que le titre est sorti en 1984.

 Le duo  bat un record détenu par les Beatles en étant numéro 1 la semaine de Noël pour la cinquième année consécutive. Comme les quatre années précédentes, le duo a parodié une chanson, cette fois Do They Know It's Christmas? devenue Food Aid'', toujours dans un but caritatif au bénéfice de l'ONG  qui coordonne le réseau national de banques alimentaires au Royaume-Uni.

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Classement annuel des 100 meilleures ventes de singles et titres au Royaume-Uni en 2022
 Classement annuel des 100 meilleures ventes d'albums au Royaume-Uni en 2022

Liste des titres musicaux numéro un au Royaume-Uni
2022 au Royaume-Uni
Classement musical de 2022

Liste des titres musicaux numéro un au Royaume-Uni en 2022


Fernando Masone (* 6. April 1936 in Pesco Sannita; † 1. Juli 2003 in Rom) war von 1994 bis 2000 der italienische Polizeichef und damit Leiter der Polizia di Stato. Anschließend wurde er noch Koordinator der italienischen Nachrichtendienste.

Leben
Nach einem Studium der Rechtswissenschaften trat Fernando Masone 1963 in die Staatspolizei ein und arbeitete als Vizekommissar zunächst in einer Polizeidienststelle in Campobasso. Von 1973 bis 1979 leitete er die mobile Kriminalpolizeieinheit (squadra mobile) des Polizeipräsidiums Rom (questura), in der er seit 1964 tätig gewesen war. 1979 wurde Masone Leiter der regionalen Kriminalpolizeidirektion Latium. Ab 1988 führte er die Polizeipräsidien in Caserta, Palermo und Rom. Am 27. August 1994 wurde er zum Leiter der Staatspolizei ernannt. Unter seiner Führung erzielte die Staatspolizei etliche Erfolge gegen die Organisierte Kriminalität auf Sizilien und in Apulien.

Am 31. Mai 2000 löste ihn Giovanni De Gennaro als italienischen Polizeichef ab. Masone wurde anschließend Leiter des CESIS, einer Abteilung im Ministerratspräsidium, die für die Koordinierung der italienischen Nachrichtendienste zuständig war. Masone starb im Sommer 2003 nach langer Krankheit im Alter von 67 Jahren.

Weblinks
Kurzer Lebenslauf auf den Webseiten der italienischen Staatspolizei
Nachruf, Corriere della Sera, 3. Juli 2003

Polizist (Italien)
Präfekt (Italien)
Mafiagegner
Nachrichtendienstliche Person (Italien)
Italiener
Geboren 1936
Gestorben 2003
Mann

Fernando Masone


جورج كانينغ  سياسي بريطاني (11 أبريل 1770-8 أغسطس 1827). تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا من 10 أبريل إلى 8 أغسطس 1827. توفي أثناء بقاءه في منصبه.

أصبح وزيرا للخارجية مرتين:
 من 25 مارس 1807 وإلى 11 أكتوبر 1809 في عهد دوق بورتلاند.
 من 16 سبتمبر 1822 وإلى 30 أبريل 1827 في عهد روبرت جنكنسون (وهو الذي خلفه كانينغ في رئاسة الوزارة).

روابط خارجية

المراجع

  كاننج، جورج - الموسوعة العربية الميسرة، 1965

سياسيون من مرليبون
أشخاص تلقوا تعليمهم في كلية إيتون
أشخاص توفوا أثناء شغلهم لمنصب
أشخاص متعلمون في كلية إيتون
أشخاص من براكنيل
أشخاص من مرليبون
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1801–02
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1802–06
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1806–07
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1807–12
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1812–18
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1818–20
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1820–26
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1826–30
أعضاء نادي ليلي
بريطانيون من أصل أيرلندي
خريجو كنيسة المسيح (أوكسفورد)
رؤساء وزراء المملكة المتحدة
رؤساء وزراء المملكة المتحدة القرن 19
رؤساء وزراء في القرن 19
زملاء الجمعية الملكية
سفراء المملكة المتحدة لدى البرتغال
سياسيون توفوا أثناء شغلهم لمنصب
عدم التدخل
قادة مجلس العموم البريطاني
مبارزون ومبارزات
مدفونون في دير وستمنستر
مواليد 1770
مواليد في لندن
وزراء خارجية بريطانيا
وزراء دولة بريطانيون
وفيات 1827
وفيات بسبب ذات الرئة
وفيات في لندن

جورج كانينغ


Düzce, Karabük ilinin Safranbolu ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 550 yılı kayıtlarında Kálpê, 1530 yılı kayıtlarında ise Kirpe olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Karabük il merkezine 19 km, Safranbolu ilçe merkezine 11 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Safranbolu belde ve köyleri

Düzce, Safranbolu


Imaginaerum World Tour es la quinta gira mundial de la banda finlandesa Nightwish de su séptimo álbum  Imaginaerum. La gira arrancó en los Estados Unidos en la ciudad de Los Ángeles el 21 de enero, entre marzo y mayo la banda dio shows en Europa, y también en Norte y América Latina ese mismo año y en Asia, Oceanía.

El 28 de septiembre en Denver, Colorado, Anette fue trasladada de urgencia al hospital y se perdió el show esa noche.La vocalistas Elize Ryd y Alissa White-Gluz interpretaron cinco canciones. Anette hizo su último concierto el 30 de septiembre en Salt Lake City, Utah, antes de su separación de la banda el 1 de octubre. Para acabar la gira la banda contrato a Floor Jansen (ex After Forever, ReVamp).

Créditos

Tuomas Holopainen  – teclado
Emppu Vuorinen  – guitarra
Jukka Nevalainen  – batería
Marco Hietala  – bajo, voz
Anette Olzon  – voz  (hasta el 29 de septiembre de 2012)

Músicos invitados
Troy Donockley  – gaita irlandesa y voz de respaldo
Elize Ryd  – voz (28 de septiembre y 14 de octubre de 2012)
Alissa White-Gluz  – voz (28 de setembro y 14 de octubre de 2012)
Floor Jansen  – voz (desde el 1 de octubre de 2012)
Tommy Karevik  – voz  (14 de octubre de 2012)
Pekka Kuusisto  – violinista (10 de noviembre de 2012)

Lista de canciones

Total
Wishmaster
 "She is My Sin" (solo con Floor Jansen)
 "Come Cover Me"  (solo con Anette Olzon)
 "Wishmaster" (solo con Floor Jansen)
Over the Hills and Far Away
 "Over the Hills and Far Away"
Century Child
 "Bless the Child" (solo con Floor Jansen)
 "Dead to the World"
 "Ever Dream"
Once
 "Dark Chest of Wonders"
 "Wish I Had an Angel"
 "Nemo"
 "Planet Hell"
 "The Siren"
 "Romanticide"
 "Ghost Love Score" (solo con Floor Jansen)
 "Higher Than Hope
Dark Passion Play
 "The Poet and the Pendulum" (solo con Anette Olzon)
 "Amaranth"
 "The Islander"
 "Last of the Wilds"
 "7 Days to the Wolves"
 "Escapist"  (solo con Anette Olzon)
Imaginaerum
 "Taikatalvi"
 "Storytime"
 "Ghost River"
 "Slow, Love, Slow"
 "I Want my Tears Back"
 "Scaretale"
 "Arabesque"
 "Rest Calm" (solo con Anette Olzon)
 "The Crow, the Owl and the Dove"
 "Last Ride of the Day"
 "Song of Myself"

Setlist

Un setlist típico con Anette Olzon consistiría de:
 "Finlandia" (intro, Jean Sibelius cover)
 "Storytime"
 "Wish I Had an Angel"
 "Amaranth"
 "Scaretale"
 "The Siren" (con samples de "Arabesque" y "Tutankhamen")
 "Slow, Love Slow"
 "I Want My Tears Back"
 "The Crow, the Owl and the Dove"
 "The Islander"
 "Nemo" (acústica, con samples de "The Capenter" y "Angels Fall First")
 "Dead to the World"
 "Last of the Wilds"
 "Planet Hell" (con samples "Stargazers", "Gethsemane" y "The Wayfarer".Primera vez en vivo desde 2005)
 "Ghost River"
 "Over the Hills and Far Away" (Gary Moore cover. Primera vez en vivo desde 2005)
 "Song of Myself" (sección "Love" emitida)
 "Last Ride of the Day"
 "Imaginaerum"

Un setlist típico con Floor Jansen consistiría de:
 "Dark Chest of Wonders"
 "Wish I Had an Angel"
 "She Is My Sin"
 "Ghost River"
 "Storytime"
 "I Want My Tears Back"
 "Nemo"
 "Last of the Wilds"
 "Bless the Child"
 "Romanticide"
 "Amaranth"
 "Over the Hills and Far Away"
 "Ghost Love Score"
 "Last Ride of the Day"
 "Imaginaerum" (outro)

Fechas de la Gira

 Conciertos cancelados

Referencias

Giras musicales de 2012
Giras musicales de Nightwish

Imaginaerum World Tour


The 2004 election to the post of Mayor of London took place on 10 June 2004. It was being held on the same day as other local elections and the UK part of the 2004 European Parliament elections, so Londoners had a total of five votes on three ballot papers. Polling opened at 07:00 local time, and closed at 22:00. See: 2004 UK elections. The Supplementary Vote system was used.

Ken Livingstone gained the Labour party's nomination on 2 January 2004, three weeks after being re-admitted to the Labour Party, after deputy Mayor Nicky Gavron, the previous candidate-elect, stepped down in favour of Livingstone.

Results

Turnout: 1,920,560 (36.95% - 2.55%)
Electorate: 5,197,792
As the ballot papers are counted electronically, totals for all second preferences are available, even though most did not contribute to the final result.

Candidate selection

Labour

Conservatives

Liberal Democrats
On 5 March 2003, Simon Hughes, MP for North Southwark and Bermondsey and Frontbench Spokesman for Home Affairs was selected as the Liberal Democrats candidate over Susan Kramer, the Liberal Democrats 2000 candidate for the mayorship and the Prospective Parliamentary Candidate for Richmond Park, and environmentalist Donnachadh McCarthy.

Summary of policies
From the Manifesto booklet

Ken Livingstone - Standing up for London
 continue recovery from two decades of neglect under the Conservatives
 continue the programme of increased neighbourhood policing
 cut crime and make streets, parks and public transport safer
 continue reducing traffic congestion by extending the Congestion Charge Zone
 extend improvements in bus services and delivering similar improvements to the rest of the transport system
 improve transport in outer London with better buses and new tram lines
 run the Tube later every Friday and Saturday night with a free service on New Year's Eve
 work with government and voluntary sector with a long-term aim that all parents have access to high quality, affordable childcare.
 build 30,000 new homes a year and continue providing affordable housing
 tackle air pollution, making London a Low Emission Zone with rigorous pollution standards for lorries, buses, coaches and taxis.
 provide free bus travel to under-18s in full-time education
 bring the Olympic Games to London in 2012

Steve Norris - For a Safer London
 cut crime, particularly street crime, vandalism and graffiti
 put more police officers on patrol rather than in cars or offices
 encourage "zero tolerance" for minor crimes like graffiti, vandalism and public drunkenness
 increase share of police officers assigned to outer London
 double funding of youth projects
 launch a New York-style 'CompStat' system to target and manage crime more effectively
 introduce free school buses for children at primary schools to cut congestion
 abolish the congestion charge
 run London Underground until 3am at weekends, install air conditioning and provide security guards at night

Simon Hughes - A New Mayor for a Greater London
 make London safer, easier and more liveable
 make London cleaner and greener
 continue and improve community policing
 improve public transport
 run the tube late for three nights per week
 make stations safer
 challenge the Labour government on Council Tax, the war in Iraq and student fees
 provide a strong voice for London, putting Londoners' security and safety first

Frank Maloney - Stop the career politicians
 increase the number of police officers, decrease the amount of political correctness in policing and support victims of crime
 abolish the congestion charge, oppose speed cameras and speed humps
 create a 24-hour transport system and extend the London Underground to South East London
 put more conductors on buses and provide free bus travel for under- 18s on the way to school
 stop selling school playing fields, increasing funding for youth clubs and fund competitive sports for young people, including a London youth games
 fund mayoral scholarships for disadvantaged children to go to university
 allow business to open for 24 hours, and give assistance to businesses in deprived areas
 preserve and encourage all London's street markets
 celebrate St George's Day with an annual parade
 support the 2012 Olympic bid and other international events, marketing London internationally
 reduce the Mayor's take of Council tax
 abolish the GLA
 campaign for a higher state pension and tighter immigration controls
 provide more affordable homes for young British people and regenerate council estates

Lindsey German - Londoners deserve Respect
 fight racism and discrimination
 oppose privatisation
 ensure a minimum wage in London of £7.40 per hours and London Weighting of £4,000 per annum
 scrap council tax
 reduce cost of public transport, limit tube fare to £1.00
 campaign for social justice and pension linked to earnings
 campaign against the war in Iraq and student fees

Julian Leppert
 scrap the bid for the 2012 Olympic Games, due to expense, pressure on transport and policing, and London's track record of failing on prestige projects
 oppose further immigration, and the presence of asylum seekers in capital, as they are actually economic migrants
 reduce cost of housing and pressure for new homes by ending immigration
 increase wages in London by ending immigration
 provide two new orbital rail lines, or possibly a tram line
 abolish the congestion charge
 undertake a prestige project to build a new airport on an artificial island in the Thames Estuary with a high-speed rail link to central London, rather than extending Heathrow
 promote St George's Day

Darren Johnson - Quality Life, Quality London
 reduce traffic by expanding the congestion charge
 provide an integrated transport system that is reliable, safe and publicly owned
 reduce speed limits
 provide better cycling facilities and safe pedestrian routes for every school,
 oppose privatisation and cutbacks
 protect parks, playing fields and open spaces and create 1,000 new allotment plots.
 work for Londoners, not big business
 work for an affordable London with action to end poverty, and end homelessness and poor housing with a new Housing for London Authority
 create jobs in green and creative industries, and in manufacturing
 work to breathe life into local economies and local shopping parades and high streets, and ensure provision of local services within walking distance
 put an end all forms of racism, sexism and homophobia
 make London safer by tackling fear, crime and its causes
 make solar panels compulsory for all new developments, expanding recycling and end incineration
 protect animal rights, wildlife and habitats
 press for an Air Traffic Congestion Charge, and an end to airport expansion and night flights

Ram Gidoomal
 deliver competence and accountability
 make London safer
 restore public confidence in the police and legal system
 ensure that new schools have a Christian or other faith-based foundation
 establish a £500 million London Regeneration Fund to bring new life and jobs to the capital.
 tackle the divide between rich and poor
 ensure London has a coherent, integrated transport system:
 bring Christian values of justice, integrity, compassion and reconciliation to London
 celebrate diversity as a source of strength
 be independent and not waste money

Lorna Reid - We live here too!
 give a political voice to the working class in London
 make the police answerable to local communities
 actively support local communities in tackling anti-social behaviour
 increase investment in youth projects facilities for young people
 increase investment in council housing, increase number of quality affordable homes
 abolish council tax in favour of a local income tax
 ensure a minimum wage of £7.32 for workers in London
 provide a publicly financed and accountable transport system and other public services
 oppose privatisation
 secure extra provision from central government to fund increased demand on local resources from immigration
 ensure regeneration schemes provide decent homes, jobs, and opportunities for everyone.
 tackle the lack of affordable child care and the failing education system

Tammy Nagalingam
 review and make changes to all aspects of public transport and provide best value for money to all
 limit Congestion charging to between 7 am and 9.30 am, and raise revenue by other means
 ban big lorries from central London between 6 am and 6 pm
 persuade councils not to have too many one way systems and too many road ramps in smaller roads, and sort out problems with bus lane and double yellow lines
 see that the environment does not cause health hazards
 help Borough councils on public health matters, saving the NHS money and cleaning-up the city
 donate 50% of the Mayor's salary to improve public and environmental health
 provide sufficient funds for recruiting and training police officers
 provide better street lighting in alley-ways and corners of trouble spots, and get councils to provide CCTV in problem council estates and other problem areas
 celebrate St George's Day in Hyde Park
 support the 2012 Olympics bid
 liaise with other organisations

Potential candidates
London-born comedian Lee Hurst seriously considered standing as a candidate in the election. His comedy club had been under threat of redevelopment, and this had re-ignited a spark of political ambition. His manifesto would probably have included policies such as scrapping bus lanes and the congestion charge, improving public transport (including the re-introduction of bus conductors and AEC Routemaster buses), and tackling crime and abandoned cars.

References

Notes

External links
 London Elects (official elections site): full results, all manifestos, detailed explanations of voting processes
 Guardian (newspaper): collection of manifestos
 MayorWatch London Elections Guide

2004
2004 elections in the United Kingdom
Mayoral election
June 2004 events in the United Kingdom
Ken Livingstone

2004 London mayoral election


An Eleusine africana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kenn.-o'byrne. An Eleusine africana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eleusine, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eleusine

Eleusine africana


Works may refer to:

People
 Caddy Works (1896–1982), American college sports coach
 John D. Works (1847–1928), California senator and judge
 Samuel Works (c. 1781–1868), New York politician

Albums
 Works (Pink Floyd album), a Pink Floyd album from 1983
 Works, a Gary Burton album from 1972
 Works, a Status Quo album from 1983
 Works, a John Abercrombie album from 1991
 Works, a Pat Metheny album from 1994
 Works, an Alan Parson Project album from 2002
 Works Volume 1, a 1977 Emerson, Lake & Palmer album
 Works Volume 2, a 1977 Emerson, Lake & Palmer album
 The Works, a 1984 Queen album

Other uses
Good works, a topic in Christian theology
 Microsoft Works, a collection of office productivity programs created by Microsoft
 IBM Works, an office suite for the IBM OS/2 operating system
 Mount Works, Victoria Land, Antarctica

See also
 The Works (disambiguation)
 Work (disambiguation)

Works


Carlo Rizzo (* 30. April 1907 in Triest; † 26. Juli 1979 in Mailand) war ein italienischer Schauspieler.

Leben
Nach dem Besuch eines Technischen Institutes entschied sich Rizzo, Neffe des Schauspielers Carlo Lombardo, ebenfalls für die darstellende Kunst und trat zunächst in Varietés auf. Bald wurde er für Revuen entdeckt, wo er sich schnell zum Partner und Stichwortgeber Erminio Macarios entwickelte, an dessen Seite er auch seine ersten Filme ab 1939 drehte. Daneben arbeitete er auch für das Radio, als Synchronsprecher und schließlich für das Fernsehen. Neben seinen Bühnenauftritten an der Seite Macarios spielte er auch in dem 1956 für ihn von Garinei und Giovannini geschriebenen Carlo no farlo mit Carlo Dapporto und neben Wanda Osiris in I fuoriserie.

Der meist sympathische und schlaue (oft auch bauernschlaue), aber launische Figuren verkörpernde Rizzo gründete zu Beginn der 1960er Jahre zusammen mit seinem Bruder Alfredo auch eine eigene Schauspielgesellschaft, die aber nach kurzer Zeit wieder aufgelöst werden musste.

Rizzo war mit der ehemaligen Ballerina der Gebrüder Schwarz, Rosita Pinkel, verheiratet.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1939: Imputato alzatevi!
 1950: Abgeschoben (Deported)
 1955: Der große Regen (The Rains of Ranchipur)
 1957: Die Monte Carlo Story (Monte Carlo)
 1958: Anna von Brooklyn (Anna di Brooklyn)
 1970: Die Clowns (I clowns)
 1976: Sorbole… che romagnola!

Weblinks

 Rizzo bei mymovies (italienisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Italiener
Geboren 1907
Gestorben 1979
Mann

Carlo Rizzo (Schauspieler)


Mattias Gustafsson (nacido el 11 de julio de 1978 en Åkersberga, Suecia) es un exjugador sueco de balonmano que jugaba de pívot. Su último equipo fue el Ricoh HB. Fue un componente de la selección de balonmano de Suecia.

Palmarés

IFK Skövde

 EHF Challenge Cup (1): 2004

Aalborg

 Liga danesa de balonmano (1): 2010

Clubes

  Polisen/Söder ( -1999)
  Viking Stavanger (1999-2000)
  IFK Skövde (2000-2006)
  FCK HB (2006-2008)
  Aalborg HB (2008-2010)
  TuS Nettelstedt-Lübbecke (2010-2014)
  Ricoh HB (2014-2016)

Enlaces externos

Balonmanistas de Suecia
Balonmanistas de la selección de balonmano de Suecia

Mattias Gustafsson


Cheaper by the Dozen is a 2003 American family comedy film directed by Shawn Levy. It is a remake of the 1950 film of the same name. Both films were inspired by the semi-autobiographical book Cheaper by the Dozen by Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr. and his sister Ernestine Gilbreth Carey. It stars Steve Martin, Bonnie Hunt, Hilary Duff, Tom Welling, and Piper Perabo with supporting roles by Kevin G. Schmidt, Alyson Stoner, Jacob Smith, Forrest Landis, Liliana Mumy, Morgan York, Blake Woodruff, Brent and Shane Kinsman, Paula Marshall, and Alan Ruck. Outside of a couple passing mentions of the Gilbreth name, the film has little connection with the original source material.

The film was released on December 25, 2003, by 20th Century Fox and grossed $190 million worldwide against a $40 million budget. The Rotten Tomatoes critical consensus criticized the film for its lack of humor.

A sequel, Cheaper by the Dozen 2, was released in 2005. Another remake was released in 2022 on Disney+.

Plot

Tom Baker is a college football coach in Midland, Indiana, where he raised twelve children, and his wife, Kate, has written her story in a book and hopes to send it to her friend to publish the book. One day, Tom unexpectedly receives an offer from his old friend and football teammate Shake McGuire to coach at his alma mater in his hometown of Evanston, Illinois. Tom accepts the offer, and demands all the children vote on moving. Despite losing the vote, Tom has the entire family return to Evanston for a better home and space. The atmosphere at the Bakers' new house is tense and the situation at school is even worse.

When her book is ready to pick up for publication, Kate is required to do a national book tour to promote it. Tom thinks that he can handle everything in the family's household while Kate is away, so he decides to hire his oldest daughter, Nora, and her self-absorbed boyfriend, Hank, to manage the children. When Nora and Hank arrive, the younger children plan to make Hank the target of their prank by soaking his underwear in meat and assisting the Bakers' pet dog Gunner to attack him by biting his buttocks, prompting him to refuse to assist in babysitting. As a result, Nora drives off with Hank, while Tom lectures them for their prank.

After Kate departs for her book tour, Tom realizes that he cannot handle the children on his own after a chaotic night. In reply to this revelation, Tom tries to hire a housekeeper, but nobody is willing to work with a family as large as the Bakers, so Tom decides to bring the football players from work into the family's house for game practicing in the living room to prepare for the Saturday night football game as the children perform chores and their household games. However, the children start causing trouble at school and Charlie, the Bakers' oldest son, is removed from the football team. Kate overhears from the children about the chaos and cancels the book tour to take charge of the situation. Kate's publisher decides to create an additional promotion for her book by inviting Oprah Winfrey to tape a segment about the Bakers in their home instead.

Despite much coaching from Kate, the Bakers are not able to demonstrate the loving, strongly bonded family that Kate described in her book. When Mark, one of the younger children, becomes upset that his pet frog, Beans, has died, a heated fight erupts moments before the segment starts, leading the cameramen to call Winfrey to cancel it. Mark runs away from home, prompting the Bakers to find him. Tom indulges a hunch that Mark is trying to run back to the Bakers' old home, and eventually finds Mark on an Amtrak train departing from Chicago to Midland.

Upon Tom and Mark's reunion with their family, they all begin to address their issues with each other, and Tom ultimately resigns from his position at his alma mater.

Cast

Bakers
 Steve Martin as Tom Baker, the patriarch of the Baker family
 Bonnie Hunt as Kate Baker, the matriarch of the Baker family and the narrator of the film
 Piper Perabo as Nora Baker, the eldest Baker child
 Tom Welling as Charlie Baker, the second Baker child
 Hilary Duff as Lorraine Baker, the third Baker child
 Kevin G. Schmidt as Henry Baker, the fourth Baker child
 Alyson Stoner as Sarah Baker, the fifth Baker child
 Jacob Smith as Jake Baker, the sixth Baker child
 Forrest Landis as Mark Baker, the seventh Baker child whom the other younger children nickname "FedEx" for not fitting in with the rest of the family (as if he was dropped off by FedEx).
 Liliana Mumy and Morgan York as Jessica and Kim Baker, the eighth and ninth Baker children and fraternal twin girls
 Blake Woodruff as Mike Baker, the tenth Baker child
 Brent and Shane Kinsman as Kyle and Nigel Baker, the youngest Baker children and identical twin boys

Others
 Paula Marshall and Alan Ruck as Tina and Bill Shenk, the Baker family's new neighbors
 Steven Anthony Lawrence as Dylan Shenk, Tina and Bill's son who befriends the younger Baker children
 Richard Jenkins as Shake McGuire, Tom's colleague and friend
 Vanessa Bell Calloway as Diana Phillips, Kate's agent
 Tiffany Dupont as Beth, Charlie's girlfriend
 Cody Linley as Quinn, a bully who picks on Mark and comes into contact with the younger Baker children
 Adam Taylor Gordon as Cooper, Quinn's friend
 Joel McCrary as Gil
 Dax Shepard as Camera Crew Member
 Regis Philbin as himself
 Kelly Ripa as herself
 Amy Hill as Miss Hozzie, Kyle and Nigel's kindergarten teacher
 Ashton Kutcher as Hank (uncredited), Nora's child-hating boyfriend who is an aspiring actor.

The film's director Shawn Levy makes a cameo as a reporter. Jared Padalecki has an uncredited cameo as an unnamed bully that causes problems for Charlie. Wayne Knight has an uncredited cameo as Pete, the electrician whose repairs on the family's chandelier cause him to fall off of his ladder in two different incidents.

Soundtrack

Other compositions used in the movie are "Classical Gas" by Mason Williams and Carl Orff's "O Fortuna", among others.

Reception

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a 24% rating based on reviews from 119 critics and an average score of 4.58/10. The site's consensus reads: "In this family of twelve children, much chaos ensues, but little hilarity." On Metacritic, the film received a weighted average score of 46 out of 100 based on 30 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an A− grade.

Despite this, the film was given "Two Thumbs Up" from Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper on their television show. Ebert in his review for the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and called it "lighthearted fun".

Robert Koehler of Variety was critical of the uneven tone of the film, varying between "schmaltzy/gooey and slapstick/gross-out" and wrote that it was "as far from the original pic and its autobiographical memoir source as it can be while retaining the same title" but predicted a wide-ranging audience for the film.

Box office
The film ranked at #2 for the weekend, grossing $27,557,647 in its opening weekend ($35,397,241 including its Thursday Christmas Day gross of $7,839,594) from 3,298 theaters for an average of $8,356 per theater ($10,733 average per theater over four days), being kept from the top spot by The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. The film went on to gross $138,614,544 in North America, and an additional $51,597,569 internationally, for a total gross of $190,212,113 worldwide, nearly five times its $40 million budget.

Accolades
Ashton Kutcher was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor for his performance in this, Just Married and My Boss's Daughter but lost to Ben Affleck with Daredevil, Gigli and Paycheck.

Home media
The film was released on VHS and DVD on April 6, 2004.

References

External links

 Movie stills

2003 films
2000s children's comedy films
20th Century Fox films
Remakes of American films
2000s English-language films
Films about families
Films directed by Shawn Levy
Films produced by Michael Barnathan
Films scored by Christophe Beck
Films set in Illinois
Films with screenplays by Craig Titley
Films with screenplays by Alec Sokolow
Films with screenplays by Joel Cohen
American children's comedy films
2003 comedy films
Films about siblings
Films about parenting
2000s American films

Cheaper by the Dozen (2003 film)


Germain Bazin (* 24. September 1901 in Suresnes, heute: Département Hauts-de-Seine, Frankreich; † 2. Mai 1990 in Paris) war ein französischer Kunsthistoriker, Museumskonservator, Hochschullehrer und Buchautor.

Leben
Bazin wurde 1901 als Sohn des Ingenieurs Charles Bazin und der Jeanne Laurence Mounier-Pouthot geboren. Er studierte Kunstgeschichte an der Pariser Sorbonne unter anderem bei Henri Focillon und Émile Mâle sowie Museologie an der École du Louvre. Ab 1928 arbeitete er in der Grafikabteilung der Pariser École des Beaux Arts, was 1937 zu seiner Berufung als Kurator in der Grafischen Abteilung des Louvres führte. Sein Vorgesetzter René Huyghe weckte in ihm das Interesse und die Erkenntnis um die Wichtigkeit der Restaurierung, die Bazin während seiner Zeit am Louvre stetig zu professionalisieren suchte. Bereits 1934 war er daneben auch zum Professor an die Université Libre de Bruxelles berufen worden; die Stelle sollte er über 30 Jahre innehaben.

Im Zweiten Weltkrieg diente er von 1939 bis 1940 in der Infanterie und stieg zum Hauptmann auf, in den darauffolgenden Jahren war er, zusammen mit René Huyghe und Jacques Jaujard, daran beteiligt, die Kunstwerke der französischen Museen während der Okkupation vor den Nationalsozialisten zu verstecken. Zur gleichen Zeit, 1941, wurde er als Professor für Museologie an die École du Louvre berufen. Während der Kriegsjahre erschienen von ihm Werke über so verschiedene Epochen und Künstler wie Hans Memling (1939), Fra Angelico (1941) und Camille Corot (1942). Als einer der ersten europäischen Kunsthistoriker interessierte sich Bazin ab 1945 für den brasilianischen Barock. In den folgenden Jahren veröffentlichte er zwei grundlegende Werke über die religiöse Architektur (1956/58) sowie über den Bildhauer Aleijadinho (1963).

1947 heiratete Bazin Suzanne Comtesse Heller Bielotzerkowka. Nachdem er einige Jahre die Grafikabteilung des Louvre-Museums geleitet hatte, wurde er 1951 zum Chefkurator für Malerei und Grafik berufen. 1965 folgte das Amt des Chefkonservators der Restaurierungswerkstätten der Musées nationaux, das eigens für ihn geschaffen worden war. Er setzte sich für eine Neuhängung der Werke ein, die die Breite der Sammlung von Objekten aus der ganzen Welt widerspiegeln sollte. Weiterhin publizierte er zahlreiche Werke zu verschiedenen Themen, darunter eine Geschichte der Kunst aller Zeiten und Völker (1953), sowie Monografien über den Impressionismus (1947) und die Kunst des Barocks und Rokokos (1964). Auch zur Historiografie und zur Museologie äußerte er sich in Publikationen und Vorträgen in Europa und Amerika.

1970 zog er sich von seiner Lehrtätigkeit an der École du Louvre zurück, doch lehrte er noch von 1971 bis 1976 als Professor an der York University in Toronto, Kanada. Vor seinem Tod im Jahr 1990, im Alter von 88 Jahren, arbeitete er an einem Catalogue raisonné des Künstlers Théodore Géricault, der posthum 1997 erschien.

Ehrungen und Auszeichnungen
 1954: Offizier der Ehrenlegion
 1956: Kommandeur des belgischen Leopoldsorden
 1975: Membre libre auf dem Fauteuil I der Section VI an der Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris
 1981: Assoziiertes Mitglied der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Schönen Künste von Belgien

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Le Mont Saint-Michel. Vorwort von Marcel Aubert, Auguste Picard, Paris 1935.
 Neuauflage: Le Mont Saint Michel. Archéologie de l'origine à nos jours, Hacker Art Books, New York 1978, ISBN 0-87817-190-8.
 Cent trente chefs d'œvres de l'art français du moyen âge au XXe siècle. Arts et métiers graphiques, Paris 1937.
 Memling. Pierre Tisné, Paris 1939.
 La France en guerre. Zusammen mit Claude-Joseph Gignoux, Georges-Henri Rivière und Bernard Champigneulle. Vorwort von André Siegfried, Éditions Plon, Paris 1940.
 Fra Angelico. Hypérion, Paris 1941.
 Corot. Pierre Tisné, Paris 1942 (Neuauflage: Hachette, Paris, 1973).
 deutsch von Wolfgang Jördens: Corot. Wolfgang Krüger Verlag, Berlin 1946.
 L'époque impressioniste. Pierre Tisné, Paris 1947.
 Les grands maîtres hollandais. Unter Mitarbeit von Suzanne Bazin. F. Nathan, Paris 1950.
 Histoire de l'art, de la préhistoire à nos jours. Charles Massin, Paris 1953.
 deutsch von Hans Fegers: Kunst aller Zeiten und Völker. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1957.
 L'architecture religieuse baroque au Brésil, 2 Bände. Museu de Arte de São Paulo, São Paulo/Paris 1956/1958.
 Trésors de l'impressionisme au Louvre. Éditions Aimery Somogny, Paris 1958.
 Das Blumenbouquet: Gemälde großer Meister. Übers. von Paul Baudisch. Kindler, München 1960.
 Musée de l'Ermitage: les grands maîtres de la peinture. Cercle d'art, Paris 1958.
 deutsch: Die großen Meister der Malerei der Eremitage (14.–18. Jahrhundert). Henschel, (Ost-)Berlin 1960.
 Paul Gaugin oder Klassizismus durch Revolte. Ausstellungskatalog. Haus der Kunst, München 1960.
 Aleijadinho et la sculpture baroque au Brésil. Le Temps, Paris 1963.
 Le message de l'absolu, de l'aube au crépuscule des images. Hachette, Paris 1964.
 Baroque et rococo, Thames & Hudson, London 1964.
 deutsch von Hans Hildenbrand: Die Kunst des Barock und Rokoko. Droemer/Knaur, München 1969.
 Le Temps des musées. Éditions Desour, 1967.
 Das Impressionisten-Museum im Louvre, 1968.
 Histoire de l'avant-garde en peinture de XIIIe au XXe siècle. Hachette, Paris 1969.
 Les palais de la foi: le monde des monastères baroques. Band 2: Italie, Pays Ibériques, France. Office du livre, Fribourg 1980.
 Les palais de la foi: le monde des monastères baroques. Band 1: Autriche, Allemagne et Suisse, Belgique, Russie orthodoxe. Office du livre, Fribourg 1981.
 Die Impressionisten: Schöpfer der modernen Malerei. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1981.
 Histoire de l'histoire de l'art: de Vasari à nos jours. A. Michel, Paris 1986, ISBN 2-226-02787-4.
 Dictionnaire des styles. Édition Aimery Somogy, Paris, 1987, ISBN 2-85056-185-1.
 Paradeisos ou L'art du jardin. Chêne, Paris 1988.
 deutsch: DuMonts Geschichte der Gartenbaukunst. Dumont, Köln 1999, ISBN 3-933366-01-1.

Weblinks
 Biografie über Germain Bazin im Dictionary of Art Historians

Einzelnachweise

Kunsthistoriker
Mitglied der Académie des Beaux-Arts
Mitglied der Ehrenlegion (Offizier)
Träger des Leopoldsordens (Kommandeur)
Hochschullehrer (York University)
Hochschullehrer (ENSBA Paris)
Hochschullehrer (Université libre de Bruxelles)
Mitglied der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Schönen Künste von Belgien
Autor
Franzose
Geboren 1901
Gestorben 1990
Mann

Germain Bazin


Joni Haastrup aussi connu sous Johnny Haastrup ou encore Prince Joni Ademola Haastrup est un chanteur nigérian. Il est né en Nigeria. Il a été membre fut membre du groupe Monomono dont il est le fondateur. Il a également fait partie de plusieurs groupes dont Ginger Baker And Salt, Ginger Baker's Air Force, Monomono, The Clusters (3), The Hykkers, The Rhyth-O-Matics, The Strangers (50), Victor Ola-lya And His Cool Cats, Victor Olaiya & His All Stars.

Biographie
Joni Haastrup est né en Sierra Leone en 1948. Il est issu d'un roi Yoruba au Nigéria. Inspiré par les beatles en écoutant les disques vinyles de son frère, il commence la musique très tôt. À partir de 1971, il fond le groupe nigérian d'Afrobeat et Afro rock appelé Monomono. Une idée qu'il a eu à la suite de sa rencontre Ginger Baker qui est batteur de rock et collaborateur de Fela. Malheureusement, le groupe se sépare en 1976. Joni se rend à Londres, en Angleterre où il enregistre son album Wake Up Your Mind qui marquera le début de sa carrière solo.

Dicographie

Album
 1973: Afro Funk Musik Water Pass Gari (Or Gari Pass Water)
 1978: Wake up your mind

Collaborations
 1971: Ginger Baker And Salt
 Ginger Baker's Air Force
 1971: Monomono
 The Clusters (3)
 The Hykkers
 The Rhyth-O-Matics
 The Strangers (50)
 1965: Victor Ola-lya And His Cool Cats
 Victor Olaiya & His All Stars
 Afro Cult Foundation

Notes et Références

Liens externes

 https://daily.bandcamp.com/hidden-gems/joni-haastrup-wake-up-your-mind-review

Chanteur nigérian
Compositeur nigérian
Musicien de world music

Joni Haastrup


جاجاوا جولدن ستارز هو نادي كرة قدم نيجيري وهو فريق أساسي في نيجيريا. ويقع مقره في مدينة هاديجيا شمال البلاد، وملعب النادي هو ملعب هاديجيا الذي يتسع ل15000 متفرج.

أندية رياضية في نيجيريا
أندية كرة قدم في نيجيريا

ولاية جيغاوة

جاجاوا جولدن ستارز