Crkva sv. Petra u gradiću Trogiru, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Nalazi se u ulici Ivana Duknovića. Crkva sv. Petra u Trogiru nalazi se u povijesnoj jezgri. Izdužena je pačetvorinasta građevina sa zvonikom i sakristijom u začelju svetišta. Na glavnom pročelju je barokni portal s lunetom ukrašenom poprsjem sv. Petra, rad Nikole Firentinca. Unutrašnjost je barokizirana u 17.st. kad su postavljena dva bočna mramorna oltara posvećena Bogorodici i sv. Ignaciju Loyoli. Od drvenog glavnog oltara sačuvani su kipovi sv. Petra i Pavla iz 17.st. Izrađen je bogato dekoriran drveni strop. Iz druge pol. 17. st. potječe drveni ormar za orgulje s grbom budvanske plemićke obitelji Marković. U dvorištu južno od crkve sačuvan je bunar s reljefnim ukrasima koji je pripadao nekadašnjem samostanu.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4307 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Trogiru

Crkva sv. Petra u Trogiru


Șerban Iliescu (martie 1956 – 18 martie 2016) a fost un lingvist și jurnalist român, cunoscut ca realizator al rubricilor "Ghidul radiofonic de exprimare corectă" și "Minutul de limba română" transmise pe Radio România Actualități.

În 1981, Șerban Iliescu a absolvit Facultatea de Limbi și Literaturi Străine, secția engleză-franceză, din cadrul Universității din București. Înainte de a lucra în domeniul radiofonic, a fost profesor de franceză și translator. În 1990, a devenit unul dintre primii angajați ai postului Radio România de după revoluția din 1989, fiind întâi prezentator de știri și, începând cu 1993, realizator al rubricilor "Ghidul radiofonic de exprimare corecta" și "Minutul de limba română", care au fost difuzate timp de douăzeci și trei de ani în fiecare zi lucrătoare a săptămânii.

În 2003, Șerban Iliescu a fost premiat de Consiliul Național al Audiovizualului pentru activitatea sa de cultivare a limbii române.

Referințe

Legături externe
  Un jurnalist de la postul public de radio își strigă disperarea într-o scrisoare deschisă
  Șerban Iliescu: "Mă calcă pe nervi o greșeală!"

Nașteri în 1956
Decese în 2016
Jurnaliști români
Lingviști români
Realizatori de emisiuni radio
Absolvenți ai Universității din București

Șerban Iliescu


Ante Vrcić (Šibenik, 20. listopada 1990.) hrvatski nogometaš.

Započeo je s karijerom igrajući u HNK Mihovilu gdje je zaradio epitet iznimno nadarenog mladog veznog igrača. Bio je član Hrvatske reprezentacije U-17 s kojom je debitirao 2007. godine u susretu protiv Mađarske, u pobjedi Hrvatske od 1-0, odigranoj u Medulinu. Nakon debitiranja u utakmici protiv Slaven Belupa 2009. godine nezadovoljan statusom odlazi na posudbe.

Nakon povratka s posudbe dobiva priliku u posljednje dvije prvoligaške sezone u HNK Šibeniku te u posljednjoj utakmici se upisuje u strijelce. Nogometnu karijeru je zaključio sa samo 22 godine te se aktivirao u politici gdje je na lokalnim izborima 2017. godine izabran za vijećnika Županijske skupštine Šibensko-kninske županije s liste HDZ-a, kao najmlađi član s 26. godina.

Vanjske poveznice

Hrvatski nogometaši
Nogometaši HNK Šibenika

Ante Vrcić


Southern Lands es el álbum debut del grupo germano-español de synth pop Cetu Javu, publicado en 1990 por ZYX Records.

Este álbum contiene temas que ya habían sido editados uno o dos años antes como sencillos.

Listado de canciones

Datos
Todos los temas fueran compuestos por Chris Demere y Javier Revilla-Díez.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 NadaBueno - Southern Lands: el inesperado suceso de Cetu Javu

Álbumes de Cetu Javu
Álbumes de 1990

Southern Lands


Charles Francis Adams III (August 2, 1866 – June 10, 1954) was an American lawyer and politician, who served as the 44th United States Secretary of the Navy under President Herbert Hoover from 1929 to 1933. He was skipper of the Resolute which won the 1920 America's Cup.

Adams graduated from Harvard College in 1888 and then Harvard Law School in 1892. After going from being a lawyer and then a businessman, he was elected mayor of Quincy in 1896 and unelected a year later. Adams married Frances Lovering in 1899 and they had 2 children. He proposed to the Congress in 1903 that the USS Constitution be restored. He was granted this wish in 1907 when they raised funds to make her open to the public again. Adams was an officer in 43 corporations at one point, including the Harvard Corporation. He then was appointed Secretary of the Navy in 1929. He promoted public understanding of the Navy's indispensable role in international affairs, and worked strenuously to maintain naval strength and efficiency during the Great Depression. In 1930, he successfully maintained the principle of United States' naval parity with Britain while serving at the London Naval Treaty. He retired from his position in 1933. It was noted by President Hoover he would've named Adams Secretary of State if he knew him from the start of his presidency.

Early life
Charles Francis Adams III was born on August 2, 1866, in Quincy, Massachusetts, to Frances "Fanny" Cadwalader Crowninshield and John Quincy Adams II.

Adams graduated cum laude from Harvard College in 1888, where he was a brother of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Alpha chapter). He later graduated from Harvard Law School in 1892.

Career
After graduating from Harvard Law and being admitted to the bar in 1893, he was first a lawyer, then went into business. From 1896 to 1897, Adams served as mayor of Quincy, Massachusetts.

In 1903, while serving as president of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Adams proposed to Congress that the famed frigate USS Constitution be restored and returned to active service. This led to Congress authorizing funds for the restoration of Constitution and opening her to the public in 1907.

In 1916, the Massachusetts legislature and electorate approved a calling of a constitutional convention. Adams was elected as a delegate at large to serve as a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917.

At one time, he was an officer in 43 corporations, including several banks and many of the country's largest corporations such as the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, the Union Pacific Railroad, and the Harvard Corporation.

Secretary of the Navy

Adams was appointed Secretary of the Navy on March 5, 1929, by President Herbert Hoover. He vigorously promoted public understanding of the Navy's indispensable role in international affairs, and worked strenuously to maintain naval strength and efficiency during the Great Depression. He served at the London Naval Treaty in 1930 where he successfully maintained the principle of United States naval parity with Britain. In his memoirs, Hoover noted that, had he known Adams at the start of his presidency as well as he did at its end, he would have named Adams his Secretary of State. Adams retired from his position on March 4, 1933.

Adams was a supporter of limited presidential terms, well before the 22nd Amendment passed, and advocated that the Presidents should be required to renounce political parties and that after they left the presidency, should be made ex-officio members of the United States Senate.

Activities and interests
In 1920, Adams skippered the America's Cup defender Resolute and soon became known as the "Dean of American Helmsmen". He was posthumously inducted into the America's Cup Hall of Fame in 1993. In 1939, he won the King's Cup, Astor Cup, and Puritan Cup, the three most coveted domestic yachting trophies in a single season.

In 1929, he became a member of the District of Columbia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. His national membership number was 48,952. He was also an honorary companion of the Naval Order of the United States. In 1932, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Personal life

Family
A scion of the Adams family that produced two presidents, Charles Francis Adams III, a son of John Quincy Adams II, the oldest son of the Charles Francis Adams Sr., was a great-grandson of the sixth U. S. President John Quincy Adams, and a great-great-grandson of the second U.S. President John Adams. His mother Fanny Crowninshield was the granddaughter of U.S. Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Williams Crowninshield. Adams was also the third cousin twice removed of Otis Norcross, the 19th Mayor of Boston. Both descending from their fourth great-grandfather, Joseph Adams; Otis from his first wife Mary [Chapin], and Charles from his second wife Hannah [Bass].

Charles Francis Adams Jr. was the uncle, not the father of Charles Francis Adams III, an assumption regularly made by virtue of sequential name succession. Charles F. Adams Jr. had five children, the first three being daughters, which may explain why his brother John Q. Adams II took the prerogative to name his firstborn son after his brother. Charles, Jr.'s only sons (twins) were born in 1875.

Marriage and children
On April 3, 1899, Adams married Frances Lovering (d. 1956), the daughter of U.S. Representative William C. Lovering (1835–1910), at St. John's Episcopal Church in Washington, D.C. Together, they had two children:

 Catherine Frances Lovering Adams in 1902, who married Henry Sturgis Morgan, son of J. P. Morgan, Jr. and Jane Norton Grew and one of the founders of Morgan Stanley (1935), along with Harold Stanley, on June 26, 1923. Together, they had five sons.
 Charles Francis Adams IV in 1910, who was a prominent businessman and the first president of Raytheon Company, was married firstly to Margaret [Stockton]. Their children were: Abigail Adams, Allison Adams, Charles Francis Adams V, and Timothy Adams. He married secondly, widow Mrs. Beatrice D. Penati.

Adams died on June 11, 1954, and was interred in Mount Wollaston Cemetery in Quincy, Massachusetts, on June 13, 1954. His estate, valued at $192,000 in 1954, was left to his widow.

In 1899 Adams built his family home and estate on land in Concord, MA formerly owned by his uncle, Charles Francis Adams Jr. The home, known as Mt. Vernon, stood for 120 years until it was destroyed by fire shortly after Christmas Day 2019.

Honors
The Charles Francis Adams Memorial Trophy for yacht racing was established in his memory, and the Navy destroyer USS Charles F. Adams was dedicated in his honor.

Family tree

Paternal side

Maternal side

References

External links

1866 births
1954 deaths
Adams, Charles Francis III
American male sailors (sport)
Crowninshield family
Harvard Law School alumni
Massachusetts lawyers
Mayors of Quincy, Massachusetts
United States Secretaries of the Navy
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Hoover administration cabinet members
20th-century American politicians
Massachusetts Republicans
Members of the 1917 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention
Harvard College alumni
America's Cup regattas

Charles Francis Adams III


Svijet

Umjetnička djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

 15. studenoga: Mary Edith Durham, britanska antropologinja, slikarica, spisateljica i putopiskinja (* )

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Umjetnička djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Slikarstvo u 1944.


යතුරු පුවරු පිලිබදව තවත් දෑ ,

 විශ්වාස කල නොහැකි තරම් සිහින් යතුරු පුවරුව අනගි හැඩයකින් යුක්තයි.

 එය රැහැන් රහිතයි.
 එමනිසා ඔබට පුලුවනි එය කැමති තැනක කැමති අයුරකින් තබා භවිතා කිරීමට හැකිය.
 භාවිත වන්නේ Bluetooth wireless technology එකය.

මෙය එක කුඩා බැටරියකින් ක්‍රියා කරයි

Apple Wireless Keyboard එක සදහා AA වර්ගයේ බැටරි කැබලි එකක් පමනක් අවැසි වේ.එය මීට පෙර මොඩලයට වඩා එක බැටරි කැබැලක අඩුවීමක් පෙනේ.බුද්දිමත් ලෙස බලය කලමනා කරනය කරන පද්දතියක්ද මෙහි අතුලත්. එමගින් යතුරු පුවරුව වැඩ නොගන්න අවස්ත වලදී ක්‍රියා විරහිත වී නැවත යතුරු එබු සනකින් ක්‍රියත්මක වීමට පටන් ගනී.

ඈසට සහ ඔලුවට හරිම පහසුයි.

 එය එය ඉතා කුඩා වන අතර අනෙක් සම්පුර්න යතුරු පුවරු මෙන් 24% ක් පමන ප්‍රමනයෙන් කුඩාය.

 වැඩ කිරීමට පහසු සහ අතේ ගෙන යා හැකිය.

System Requirements

 Mac computer with Bluetooth wireless technology
 Mac OS X v10.5.8 or later and Aluminum Keyboard
Software Update 2.0
 Existing keyboard and mouse for initial setup
 Two AA batteries (included)

ඇපල් රැහැන් රහිත යතුරුපුවරුව


East Hawkesbury is a township in eastern Ontario, Canada, in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell. Situated on the Ottawa River, its eastern boundary is the border with the province of Quebec.

Communities
The township comprises the villages of Chute-à-Blondeau, Sainte-Anne-de-Prescott and Saint-Eugène. The township administrative offices are located in Saint-Eugène.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, East Hawkesbury had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

See also
List of townships in Ontario
List of francophone communities in Ontario

References

External links

 Official website

Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario
Municipalities in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell
Township municipalities in Ontario

East Hawkesbury


ට්රාන්ස්ෙජ්ඩර් පුද්ගලයන්ට (අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂාව) පනත් ෙකටුම්පත 2017 වසෙර් පකිස්තානු සෙනෙට් සභාව විසින් සම්මත කරන ලද සම්මුතිෙය් අයිතිය සම්ෙපේෂණය කිරීම සඳහා පනතක් සම්මත කර ඇති අතර, දැන් ඔවුන් රජෙය් කාර්යාලවලින් සංක්රමණිකයන් ෙලස ලියාපදිංචි කළ හැකිය.

References

සංක්‍රාන්ති ලිංගික පුද්ගලයන්ගේ (අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂාව) පනත් කෙටුම්පත, 2017


Parmak insanlarda ve bazı hayvanlarda ellerin ve ayakların son bölümünü oluşturan, boğumlu, hareket ettirilebilen, uzunca organların her birine verilen addır. Sağlıklı bir insanda 5'i sağ elde, 5'i sol elde, 5'i sağ ayakta ve 5'i sol ayakta olmak üzere toplam 20 parmak ve her bir parmak ucunda farklı büyüklük ve şekillerde oluşması muhtemel tırnak adı verilen kemiksi yapı bulunur. Doğuştan bu sayının fazla olmasına Palidaktili ya da Türkçeleşmiş genel adı ile altı parmaklılık denir. Parmakları insanlarda olduğu gibi uzun bir çıkıntı biçiminde gelişen hayvanların da organlarına parmak adı verilirken kedi, köpek gibi hayvanların organlarına pati adı verilir.

El parmakları, ayak parmaklarına göre çok daha aktif ve hareketlidir. Sağlıklı bir insanda tüm parmaklar hareket ettirilebilir ve bükülebilir. İnsan vücudunda parmakların hareketini sağlayan iki ana kas yapısı bulunur, bunun yanında diğer hareketleri sağlayan ayrı kas yapıları vardır. Parmak hareketlerinin sağlandığı tüm kaslar avuç içi ile kolun dirsek altı kısmı arasına bulunur. Parmaklar genel olarak bilinçli şekilde hareket ettirilse de günlük uğraşlar sırasında parmak hareketlerinin birçoğu beyinden gelen komutlar sayesinde istem dışı olarak yapılır.

Vücuttaki her bir parmak simetrik biçimde dizilidir. Sağ ve sol eller yan yana koyulduğunda başparmakların birbiri ile temas etmesi gerekir. Her iki elin en dış tarafında bulunan parmaklar, sağlıklı bir insanda en küçük el parmaklarıdır. Birçok kültürde her bir parmak farklı biçimlerde adlandırılmıştır, Türkçede sağ el baz alınarak, parmaklara verilen adlar şöyledir; (soldan başlayarak)

Birinci parmak : Başparmak
İkinci parmak : İşaret parmağı, şahadet parmağı
Üçüncü parmak : Orta parmak
Dördüncü parmak : Yüzük parmağı
Beşinci parmak : Serçe parmak

Parmak


Marcello Malpighi (d. 10 Mart 1628, Crevalcore, İtalya - ö. 29 Kasım 1694, Roma, İtalya), mikroskobik anatominin kurucusu, modern histoloji ve embriyolojinin öncüsü İtalyan hekim.

Marcello Malpighi, 1628 yılında İtalya'da Bolonya yakınlarında doğdu. Yirmi yaşındayken kendini tıp bilimine adamaya karar vererek insan ve hayvan ölüleri üzerinde araştırmalar yapabileceği bir akademiye girmek istedi. Bu akademide anatomi konusunda araştırma yapmak istemesi, bu araştırmaların aleyhindeki yöneticileri öfkelendirdi. Malpighi'nin mesleğinde ilerlemesine engel olmak için uzun yıllar zorluk çıkartmaya devam ettiler. Buna rağmen Malpighi 28 yaşındayken üniversitede profesör oldu. Sonraki yıllarda araştırmalarını Pisa, Messina ve Bolonya'da sürdürdü. Bu yer değiştirmelere özellikle eski okulunun yöneticilerinin düşmanca davranışları sebep olmuştur. Bütün bu zor şartlara rağmen çalışmaları değerini buldu ve Royal Society üyeliğine getirildi. Hayatının son yıllarında Roma'da Papa'nın özel hekimi oldu ve 1694'te bu şehirde öldü.

Mikroskobu buluşu

Marcello Malpighi'den önce anatomi bilginleri ancak vücudun bölümlerini ayırdedip iç organların biçimleri üzerine bilgi verebiliyordu.

Canlı maddenin bir parçasını mikroskopla inceleyen Marcello Malpighi, canlı organların çeşitli dokulardan, bu dokuların da çıplak gözle görülmeyen, değişik biçimlerde hücrelerden meydana geldiklerini ispatlamayı başarmış oldu. Malpighi, hücrelere ütrikül veya kesecik adını vermiştir.

Malpighi, 1660 yılında bir kurbağanın vücudundan aldığı zarda, kılcal damarlara rastladığını bildirmiştir: "Denemelerim sonuçlanıncaya kadar bütün kurbağa neslini yokettim!"

Mikroskopla çalışmalarına devam eden Malpighi, akciğerlerin bir kesecik yığınından ibaret olduğunu ve her keseciğin bir kılcal damar ağıyla çevrili bulunduğunu ispatladı. Bu keseciklere günümüzde de kullanılmakta olan alveol (petek gözü) adını verdi. Daha sonra bu alveolların soluk borusuyla (bronş) olan ilgisini ve kanın, havayla doğrudan değil de, çok ince bir zar aracılığıyla temasa geçtiğini keşfetti. Oysa o  çağda, bu buluşun tersine içilenlerin akciğerlere gittiğine inanılıyordu. Bu önemli buluştan sonra Malpighi kanı incelemeye başladı. Çalışmaları sırasında kırmızı cisimcikler dikkatini çekmişti. Daha sonra üstderinin yapısını inceledi ve bugün Malpighni tabakası adı verilen, üremenin gerçekleştiği tabakayı keşfetti. Bu araştırmalar sırasında Malpighi, dil dokularını da inceledi, tomurcukların tad organı olduklarını buldu.

Daha sonra sırayla karaciğer, dalak ve böbrek dokularını inceledi. Bütün bu organlarda çeşitli cisimciklerin varlığını meydana çıkardı. Böbreklerdeki Malpighi piramitleri bunların en ünlüleridir.

Malpighi, araştırmalarına ara vermeyerek dişler, kemikler ve beyin üzerinde de incelemeler yaptı. Bu çalışmalarda mikroskop, onun en önemli yardımcısı olmuştur.

Zooloji ve botanik çalışmaları
Malpighi, gerçek bir biyoloji bilgini olarak zooloji ve botanikle yakından ilgilenmiştir. Değerli iki kitabında, 'Civcivin, yumurtanın içinde şekillenişi ve yumurtanın geçirdiği gelişmeler' konusunu inceleyerek embriyonun yumurtanın içinde ilk gelişmesinden, civcivin şekilleninceye kadarki evreleri adım adım izleyip açıklamıştır. Bilgin bu arada ipek böceğinin anatomisini incelemiş, bitkilerin yapıları konusunda araştırma yapmıştır.

Malpighi, araştırmaları sırasında rastladıklarını dikkatle not etmiştir. El yazması on ciltlik eseri, bugün Bolonya Üniversitesi'nde saklanmaktadır. İlkel araçlarla yapılan Malpighi'nin çalışmaları ve keşifleri, o günler için büyük önem taşımaktadır.

1628 doğumlular
Bologna ili doğumlular
1694 yılında ölenler
17. yüzyılda İtalyanlar
İtalyan biyologlar
İtalyan anatomistler
İtalyan botanikçiler
İtalyan zoologlar
Royal Society üyeleri

Marcello Malpighi


Thomas Johan M. R. Bæhring (født 7. marts 1978) er en dansk Instruktør, Producent og Teaterleder.

Thomas Johan M. R. Bæhring er uddannet fra Statens Scenekunstskole (The Danish National School of performing arts) i København 2013 og har arbejdet med udviklingen af dansk musikdramatik både før, under og efter uddannelse, i 2014 blev Thomas Johan M. R. Bæhring Co-leder af Amfiteatret sammen med skuespiller Lene Storgaard, Amfiteatret er Københavns største udendørs scene med plads til 3500 publikummer. Her opførte Thomas Johan M. R. Bæhring 2016 sin første store musikdramatiske opførelse Den Morderiske Vaudeville Cirkus Psyshow Hvor freakshow artister fra Canada var medvirkende sammen med Danske og Tyske skuespillere her iblandt Teit Samsø, Vicki Berlin, Uffe Kristensen m.fl.

I 2016 stod Thomas både som idemand og iscenesætter også for "Aprilfestivalens" (Dansk Børneteatrets store årlige omrejsende festival) 50 års jubilæumsshow, hvor blandt andet Jytte Abildstrøm, Mark Phillip, Hanne Trolle, Bertel Haarder og mange flere tiltog på scenen.

Thomas Johan M. R. Bæhring er desuden også idemand bag "Den Røde Brochures" online tilmeldings systemt og idemanden bag New Case som er en workshop for nye teatre på den før omtalte festival "Aprilfestivalen"

Kilder og henvisninger

Instruktører fra Danmark
Producenter
Teaterledere fra Danmark

Thomas Johan M. R. Bæhring


Grasmúrgróungur (fræðiheiti: Pleospora herbarum) er tegund asksvepps sem vex á dauðum plöntum. Grasmúrgróungur finnst á Íslandi og er mjög algengur um allt land.

Hýsiltegundir
Á Íslandi hefur grasmúrgróungur fundist á dauðum vefjum um 30 tegunda blómplantna. Þessar plöntur eru blóðberg, brjóstagras, fjallabláklukka, fjallanóra, geldingarhnappur, gullmura, héluvorblóm, holtasóley, holurt, hundasúra, hvítmaðra, ilmreyr, líklega jakobsfífill (skráð sem Erigeron alpinus), jöklaklukka, língresi, melablóm, melanóra, melgresi, músareyra, sýkigras, undafífill, vegarfi, vetrarblóm, villilín, þistill, þrenningarfjóla og þúfusteinbrjótur.

Tilvísanir

Múrgróungsætt

Grasmúrgróungur


Den asymptotiske kæmpegren er en del af Hertzsprung-Russell-diagrammet (HR), hvor man genfinder en stor gruppe stjerner som tidligere befandt sig på den horisontale kæmpegren, men hvor forbrændingen af helium i stjernens centrale dele er ophørt og den i stedet forbrændes i en koncentrisk skal. Stjerner som tilhører denne gruppe kaldes AGB-stjerner fra det engelske udtryk Asymptotic Giant Branch. Dette er en periode i stjerneudviklingen som alle med lav til middelmasse (0,6–10 solmasser) gennemgår sent i livscyklusset.

Kilder
 H. J. Habing, Hans Olofsson; Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars, Springer-Verlag New York Inc. (2004).

Astrofysik
Stjerner

Asymptotisk kæmpegren


Nindorf kan henvise til:

Kommuner
 Nindorf, bei Hohenwestedt, kommune i Kreis Rendsburg-Eckernförde i Schleswig-Holstein
 Nindorf, bei Meldorf, kommune i Kreis Dithmarschen i Schleswig-Holstein

Bydele

i Bayern
 Nindorf, Bad Birnbach, bydele i kommumen Bad Birnbach, Landkreis Rottal-Inn
 Nindorf, Buchhofen, bydele i kommumen Buchhofen, Landkreis Deggendorf

i Niedersachsen
 Nindorf am Walde, bydele i kommumen Hanstedt, Landkreis Harburg
 Nindorf, Beckdorf, bydele i kommumen Beckdorf, Landkreis Stade
 Nindorf, Bergen, bydele i kommumen Bergen, Landkreis Celle
 Nindorf, Bleckede, bydele i byen Bleckede, Landkreis Lüneburg
 Nindorf, Drochtersen, bydele i kommumen Drochtersen, Landkreis Stade
 Nindorf, Elsdorf, bydele i kommumen Elsdorf, Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme)
 Nindorf, Lamstedt, bydele i kommumen Lamstedt, Landkreis Cuxhaven
 Nindorf, Langwedel, bydele i kommumen Langwedel, Landkreis Verden
 Nindorf, Visselhövede, Ortsteil for Stadt Visselhövede, Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme)

Nindorf


BSU may refer to:
Bangladesh Students Union, a political organization in Bangladesh
Baluchistan States Union, a province of Pakistan that existed from 1952 to 1955
Baptist Student Union
Behavioral Science Unit, the former name for the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Behavioral Analysis Unit
BISU Union, the Student Union of Beijing International Studies University (BISU)
British Seafarers' Union
Britannia Staff Union
Federal Bureau for Maritime Casualty Investigation (Bundesstelle für Seeunfalluntersuchung, BSU)

Universities
Baku State University
Ball State University, Indiana, USA
Batangas State University Apolinario R. Apacible School of Fisheries (BatSU)
Bath Spa University, UK
Beijing Sport University
Belarusian State University
Bemidji State University
Benguet State University (BengSU)
Boise State University, Idaho, USA
Bowie State University, Maryland, USA
Bukidnon State University (BukSU)
Bulacan State University (BulSU)
Bridgewater State University, Massachusetts, USA

BSU


Halle-Ingooigem er et belgisk endagsløb i landevejscykling som arrangeres hvert år i juni. Løbet er blevet arrangeret siden 1945. Løbet er af UCI klassificeret med 1.1 og er en del af UCI Europe Tour.

Vindere

Eksterne henvisninger

Etableret i 1945

Halle-Ingooigem


Kamnica (etionema, lat. Aethionema), biljni rod iz porodice krstašica (Brassicaceae) raširen po južnoj Europi, Mediteranu i srednjoj Aziji. Pripada mu 71 priznata vrsta dvogodišnjeg raslinja, trajnica i polugrmova..

Jedini predstavnik u Hrvatskoj je kamenjarska kamnica (A. saxatile)

Rod je opisan 1812.. Rod i tribus uključeni su u novu potporodicu Aethionemoideae D.A.German, Hendriks, M.Koch, F.Lens, Lysak, C.D.Bailey, Mumm. & Al-Shehbaz, opisanu u PhytoKeys 220: 129. (2023.), subfam. nov.

Vrste

 Aethionema acarii Gemici & Leblebici
 Aethionema adiyamanense Yild. & Kiliç
 Aethionema alanyae H.Duman
 Aethionema alidaghenicum Yild.
 Aethionema anatolicum A.Duran & M.Öztürk
 Aethionema annuum Yild.
 Aethionema apetalum Yild. & Kiliç
 Aethionema arabicum (L.) N.Busch
 Aethionema armenum Boiss.
 Aethionema aytachii Ertugrul & Hamzaoglu
 Aethionema balansae Boiss.
 Aethionema bingoelicum Yild. & Kiliç
 Aethionema capitatum Boiss. & Balansa
 Aethionema carlsbergii Strid & Papan.
 Aethionema carneum (Banks & Sol.) B.Fedtsch.
 Aethionema cephalanthum (Bornm.) Bornm.
 Aethionema compactum (Hartvig & Strid) Yild.
 Aethionema cordatum (Desf.) Boiss.
 Aethionema coridifolium DC.
 Aethionema demirizii Davis & Hedge
 Aethionema diastrophis Bunge
 Aethionema dincii Yild.
 Aethionema dumanii Vural & Adigüzel
 Aethionema dumelicum Yild.
 Aethionema edentulum N.Busch
 Aethionema erinaceum (Boiss.) Khosravi & Mumm.
 Aethionema ertughrulii Yild.
 Aethionema erzincanum Kandemir & Aytaç
 Aethionema eunomioides (Boiss.) Bornm.
 Aethionema fimbriatum Boiss.
 Aethionema froedinii Rech.fil.
 Aethionema gileadense Post
 Aethionema grandiflorum Boiss. & Hohen.
 Aethionema gypsicola D.Öztürk
 Aethionema heterocarpum J.Gay; Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
 Aethionema huber-morathii Davis & Hedge
 Aethionema karamanicus Ertugrul & Beyazoglu
 Aethionema kilicii Yild.
 Aethionema kopetdaghi Lipsky
 Aethionema lepidioides Hub.-Mor.
 Aethionema levandovskyi Busch
 Aethionema lycium I.A.Andersson, Carlström, Franzén, Karlén & Nybom
 Aethionema marashicum P.H.Davis
 Aethionema membranaceum (Desv.) DC.
 Aethionema munzurense Davis & Yild.
 Aethionema orbiculatum (Boiss.) Hayek
 Aethionema ozbekii Yild.
 Aethionema papillosum P.H.Davis
 Aethionema polygaloides DC.
 Aethionema retsina Phitos & Snogerup
 Aethionema rhodopaeum D.K.Pavlova
 Aethionema sabzevaricum Khosravi & Joharchi
 Aethionema sancakense Yild. & Kiliç
 Aethionema saxatile (L.) W.T.Aiton
 Aethionema schistosum Boiss. & Kotschy
 Aethionema semnanensis Mozaff.
 Aethionema speciosum Boiss. & A.Huet
 Aethionema spicatum Post
 Aethionema spinosum (Boiss.) N.Busch
 Aethionema stenopterum Boiss.
 Aethionema stylosum DC.
 Aethionema subulatum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.
 Aethionema syriacum (Boiss.) Bornm.
 Aethionema tenue (Boiss. & Buhse) Boiss.
 Aethionema thesiifolium Boiss. & Heldr.
 Aethionema thomasianum Gay
 Aethionema turanicum Yild.
 Aethionema turcica H.Duman & Aytaç
 Aethionema umbellatum (Boiss.) Bornm.
 Aethionema virgatum (Boiss.) Hedge
 Aethionema yildirimlii Kiliç

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Aethionemeae

Kamnica


Jürgen Rolle (* 17. März 1947) ist ein deutscher Politiker (SPD) und Hochschullehrer für Sozialwissenschaften an der Fachhochschule Köln.

Leben
Jürgen Rolle wohnt seit 1981 im Erftkreis. Dort war er von 1982 bis 2004 sachkundiger Bürger im Rat der Stadt Pulheim. Seit 1989 ist er Mitglied der Landschaftsversammlung im Landschaftsverband Rheinland (LVR) und des Kreistages im Erftkreis. Seit 1995 ist er Vorsitzender des Jugendhilfeausschusses Rheinland. 2003 wählte ihn die SPD-Fraktion in der Landschaftsversammlung Rheinland erstmals zum Fraktionsvorsitzenden.

Jürgen Rolle wurde im Jahr 2008 mit dem Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande ausgezeichnet.

Jürgen Rolle leitet das Sozialpädagogische Institut NRW (SPI), das seit dem 1. November 2002 eine zentrale wissenschaftliche Einrichtung der Fachhochschule Köln ist.

Jürgen Rolle hat promoviert und ist Professor am SPI.

Werke
 mit Edith Kesberg: Der Hort als Erziehungs- und Bildungseinrichtung für Kinder im schulpflichtigen Alter. Kohlhammer, Köln, Stuttgart, Berlin, Mainz, 1986, ISBN 3-17-008995-1
 mit Edith Kesberg: Der Hort im Spiegel seiner Geschichte: Quellen u. Dokumente. Kohlhammer, Köln, 1989, ISBN 3-17-010431-4

Weblinks
 Sozialpädagogisches Institut NRW

Einzelnachweise

SPD-Mitglied
Hochschullehrer (Technische Hochschule Köln)
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Deutscher
Geboren 1947
Mann

Jürgen Rolle


Peters Held er en film instrueret af Viggo Larsen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1908

Peters Held


O Voo Transbrasil 107 (IATA: TR 107) foi um voo programado, operado pela Transbrasil, utilizando um Embraer EMB-110C. Em 22 de janeiro de 1976, o Embraer EMB-110 decolou do Aeroporto de Chapecó, em Chapecó, até o Aeroporto de Erechim, em Erechim. Durante a decolagem, a aeronave caiu em um barranco no final da pista após um pneu estourar durante a decolagem. Dos nove ocupantes a bordo, entre passageiros e tripulantes, apenas 2 sobreviveram.

Aeronave
A aeronave envolvida no acidente era um Embraer EMB-110, prefixo PT-TBD, fabricado em 1976, com o número de série 110-011. A aeronave tinha 20 659 horas de voo.

Ver também

 Voo Aerosucre 157

1976 no Brasil
Acidentes e incidentes aéreos de 1976
Acidentes e incidentes aéreos no Brasil
Acidentes e incidentes envolvendo o Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante
Acidentes e incidentes da Transbrasil

Voo Transbrasil 107


Donja Suvaja je naseljeno mjesto u općini Bosanska Krupa, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Stanovništvo

Popisi 1971. – 1991.

Popis 2013.

Izvori

Naselja u Unsko-sanskoj županiji
Bosanska Krupa

Donja Suvaja (Bosanska Krupa, BiH)


Coeziunea (din latină cohaesiō "unitate") sau forțele de coeziune reprezintă forțele de atracție dintre moleculele de același fel.

Vezi și
 Adeziune (mecanică)
 Capilaritate
 Tensiune superficială

Referințe

Legături externe
  The Bubble Wall (slideshow audio de la National High Magnetic Field Laboratory în care sunt explicate coeziunea, tensiunea superficială și legăturile de hidrogen)
  "Adhesion and Cohesion of Water." USGS.gov. US Geological Survey, n.d. Web.

Fizică moleculară
Forțe intermoleculare

Coeziune (chimie)


Ureña es una ciudad venezolana, es la capital del municipio Pedro María Ureña, en el estado Táchira. Se ubica sobre la frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela. La ciudad fue fundada por don Pedro María Ureña, siendo elevada a la categoría de parroquia por medio de la ordenanza provincial del 4 de diciembre de 1851.

Historia
Ureña fue erigida en los terrenos de la hacienda "Los Quemados", propiedad de don Pedro María Ureña, por iniciativa de don Juan Bautista Maldonado con materiales y mano de obra de los habitantes de la región cercana. En 1807 en un sitio cercano había surgido la localidad de "San Juan del Llano Táchira" por obra de Felipe Maldonado, Pedro Francisco Vivas, Fermín Pisco y Felipe Olivares, en representación de unos 150 vecinos y 55 familia asentadas en el territorio comprendido entre las quebradas Jaime y Don Pedro.

A unos 3 kilómetros de la ciudad se encuentran aguas termales, que por su gran valor medicinal son el gran atractivo turístico de la zona. Otros atractivos son la Casa de la Cultura, El hotel Aguas calientes ubicado a unos metros de las aguas termales, el Corredor Turístico La Rinconada en la vía Vallado – San Pedro del Río, la iglesia de San Juan Bautista, la iglesia  Divina Misericordia Ubicada en la Urbanización la integración y el bulevar sobre la Toma Carmelitera.

También es de gran atractivo el parque Simón Bolívar en las adyacencias de la avenida intercomunal, la plaza de la juventud conocida como la cruz de la misión, plaza los quemados, plaza Bolívar frente a la alcaldía, el roble (árbol gigante) en la urbanización La Esperanza.

Clima
Ureña presenta una precipitación pluvial anual media de 769 mm, en tanto presenta una temperatura de 32.0 C°.

Transporte
El municipio cuenta con una línea urbana y esta a su vez posee un total de 40 vehículos. Existen seis líneas extraurbanas con un total de 168 vehículos y tres líneas de taxis y buses que comunican Ureña con la parroquia de Aguas Calientes y la ciudad de Cúcuta, en Colombia; muchos de estos buses y taxis provienen de la ciudad vecina Cúcuta de la cual tiene una gran demanda hacia este municipio por sus bajos precios.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Ureña (Táchira)

Ureña (Táchira)


කොළඹ දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාලය ආරම්භ වූයේ 1994 වසරේ විවිධ නිකායන්හි කිතුනු නායකයන් කිහිපදෙනෙකුගේ එක් වීමෙන් ය. නුතයේ කොළඹ දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාලය අන්තර් ජාතික ලෙස පිළිගත්, දේවවේදය විෂයෙ ලා විශාරදයන් හා දේවගැතිවරුන් පුහුණු කරන මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් බවට පත් වි ඇත. සිංහල, දෙමළ සහ ඉංග්‍රීසි යන ත්‍රෛභාෂා මාධ්‍යයන් ආශ්‍රයෙන් දේවවේදය  පළමු පෙළ උපාධි මට්ටම දක්වා ශික්ෂණය කරන එක ම  ආයතනය ද කොළඹ දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාලය වෙයි.

ඉතිහාසය

අරමුණු

මෙහෙය

CTS is called by God ... • To enable the formation of men and women who are rooted in the Scriptures, filled with the Holy Spirit and are mature in Christian character, and train them to be competent in ministry, according to the highest academic standards, and
• To produce Christian literature and other material in order to provide necessary resources to the Church, enabling her to fulfill her mission among the Nations.

Our Objectives  To provide comprehensive leadership training, to prepare and equip students academically and spiritually for practical Christian ministry.

 To provide training that is sensitive to the need of evangelism, which is culturally relevant to Sri Lanka and other countries of the region.

 To produce Christian literature (textbooks, anthologies and journals) and other material to support the educational ministry of the church.

 To provide students with cross-cultural interaction and expose them to interdenominational perspectives.

 To maintain high standards of integrity and stewardship in the life and teaching of both student and faculty.

 To act as a resource centre for specialized study and preparation of research on matters relevant to the Christian church.

 To educate students to think, live and serve effectively as Christians. This includes encouraging student dedication to serve the holistic needs of humanity, integrating all knowledge and experience into a Christian worldview.

 To make our training available in order to produce the best leaders possible. To provide Bachelor's Degree level training in Sinhala, Tamil and English mediums. To provide post graduate level studies. To facilitate competence in ministry through a programme of Practical Training.

ශාස්ත්‍රීය පිඨය

අනුබද්ධ ආයතන

සිසු දිවිය

නව ගොඩනැගිල්ල විවෘත කිරීම (2007)

අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු
නිල අන්තර්ජාල අඩවිය: www.cts.lk

කොළඹ දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාලය


Oiticica ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Hélio Oiticica (1937–1980), brasilianischer Künstler
 José Oiticica (José Rodrigues Leite e Oiticica; 1882–1957), brasilianischer Dichter, Anarchist, Romanist und Lusitanist

Oiticica


Fort Ann est un village du comté de Washington, dans l'État de New York, aux États-Unis. En 2010, il compte une population de .

Démographie
Lors du recensement de 2010, le village comptait une population de , tandis qu'en 2016, elle est estimée à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 État de New York

Liens externes

Localité dans le comté de Washington (New York)
Village dans l'État de New York

Fort Ann (village, New York)


Das Evangelisch-Lutherische Dekanat Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz ist eines der 8 Dekanate des Kirchenkreises Regensburg. Zurzeit übt Christiane Murner das Amt der Dekanin aus.

Geografie
Der Dekanatsbezirk liegt in der Landschaft des Oberpfälzer Jura. Durch ihn fließen die Laaber, Lauterach, Schwarzach und Sulz. Politisch liegt das Dekanat fast vollständig im Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz. Am Rande werden die Landkreise Nürnberger Land und Amberg-Sulzbach berührt.

Geschichte
Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz war seit 1410 Residenzstadt der wittelsbacher Pfalzgrafen in der oberen Pfalz. Pfalzgraf Friedrich II. ließ 1520 den Regierungssitz von Amberg nach Neumarkt verlegen. Die Reformation in Neumarkt ging nicht von einem Landesherrn, sondern vom Volk aus. 1521 war Martin Bucer in Neumarkt reformatorisch tätig. Friedrich II. war zunächst ein Gegner der Reformation und ließ 1524 auf dem Marktplatz lutherische Schriften öffentlich verbrennen und religiöse Wirtshausgespräche verbieten. 1525 baten auch die Landstände den Landesherrn um kirchliche Reformen. Friedrich II. duldete, wohl unter dem Einfluss seiner Frau Dorothea ab 1538 die evangelische Predigt und das Abendmahl unter beiderlei Gestalt. 1556 starb Friedrich II. Seine Witwe Dorothea sorgte für den Erhalt des Luthertums. Lediglich die Hofkirche war calvinistisch, wenn der Landesherr es war. Als Vorläufer des heutigen Dekanats wurde 1558 die kurpfälzische Superintendentur Neumarkt errichtet.

Damals gehörten folgende Pfarreien dazu: Berg, Berngau, Deining, Dietkirchen, Döllwang, Freystadt, Großalfalterbach, Günching, Hagenhausen, Hausheim, Heng, Hohenfels, Holnstein, Lauterhofen, Lengenfeld, Litzlohe, Möning, Neumarkt, Oberrohrenstadt, Oberwiesenacker, Pavelsbach, Pfaffenhofen, Pölling, Pollanten, Seligenporten, Sindlbach, Staufersbuch, Stöckelsberg, Tauernfeld, Thann, Traunfeld, Utzenhofen, Waldkirchen, Waltersberg, Wappersdorf, Wattenberg, Weidenwang und Wissing. 1580 kamen Forchheim und Pelchenhofen, 1590 Ransbach dazu. Pfalzgraf Johann Kasimir führte die Stadt Neumarkt 1580 und das Umland 1582 zum calvinistischen Glauben. Die Landstände klagten beim Reichskammergericht dagegen und bekamen Recht.
1589 gab es eine große Umstrukturierung. Es wurden die Pfarreien Berg, Dietkirchen, Hagenhausen, Hausheim, Lauterhofen, Litzlohe, Oberrohrenstadt, Pelchenhofen, Pfaffenhofen, Ransbach, Sindlbach in die neu errichtete Inspektion Sindlbach ausgegliedert. Die Pfarreien des Amts Helfenberg mit Günching, Lengenfeld und Oberwiesenacker sowie die Pfarreien des Amts Holstein mit Großfalterbach, Hohenfels, Holnstein, Pollanten, Staufersbuch, Waldkirchen, Waltersberg (mit) Thann, Wattenberg und Wissing bildeten die neu errichtete Inspektion Lengenfeld.
Im Zuge des Dreißigjährigen Kriegs setzte ab 1625 die Gegenreformation ein. 1626 wurde als Folge die Superintendentur Neumarkt aufgelöst. 1655 wurde die Ausweisung der verbliebenen Evangelischen verfügt. Im Westfälischen Frieden wurde für die Oberpfalz und die Habsburger Erblande von den Bestimmungen des Normaljahrs 1624 ausgenommen, so dass die Rekatholisierung hier endgültig blieb.

Im Jahr 1561 führten die Reichsfreiherren von Wolfstein, Herren von Sulzbürg und Pyrbaum mit Bernhard von Wolfstein in ihren Besitzungen dem sogenannten Landl die Reformation ein. 1574 wurde Mag. Thomas Stieber in Sulzkirchen Pfarrer und gab mit der Christliche Instructio eine Kirchenordnung heraus. An seinem Pfarrsitz wurde einer Superintendentur errichtet. 1673 wurden die Wolfsteiner Reichsgrafen. 1740 starb das Geschlecht mit dem Tod des letzten Grafen Christian Albrecht im Mannesstamm aus und fällt letztlich an das Kurfürstentum Bayern. Mit neun Pfarreien und elf Kirchengebäuden bildete das Landl die Keimzelle der bayerischen Landeskirche. 1777 kam das sulzbachische Gebiet hinzu. Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts folgten Ortenburg und die fränkischen evangelischen Pfarreien. Das Dekanat Sulzkirchen wurde 1814 nach Pyrbaum verlegt und 1827 in Dekanat Pyrbaum umbenannt. Zu ihm gehörten die Pfarreien Bachhausen, Oberndorf bei Sulzkirchen, Pyrbaum, Sulzbürg und Sulzkirchen. Am 1. Oktober 1914 wurde das Dekanat in den heutigen Namen umbenannt.

Kirchengemeinden
Zum Dekanatsbezirk gehören folgende 9 Kirchengemeinden, in denen 18.200 Gemeindeglieder leben.
 Pfarrei Allersberg-Ebenried
 Allersberg, Christuskirche
 Ebenried, ev. Kirche
 Bachhausen, Petruskirche
 Beilngries, Kirchen: Christuskirche (1928) in Beilngries, Erlöserkirche (1955) in Berching, Friedenskirche (1969) in Dietfurt an der Altmühl
 Mühlhausen, Martinskirche
 Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Kirchen: Christuskirche, Schlosskapelle in Woffenbach, Kapelle in Deining
 Parsberg, Kirchen: Michaelskirche (1951), Leonhardskirche (1965) in Velburg
 Pyrbaum, St. Georg (1445)
 Sulzbürg, Kirchen: Schloßkirche St. Michael (1723), Marktkirche Zur Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit (1688), St. Willibald in Hofen, Othmarkirche in Kerkhofen, Elisabethkirche in Rocksdorf
 Pfarrei Sulzkirchen-Oberndorf
 Sulzkirchen, St. Georg
 Oberndorf, St. Marien

Literatur

Weblinks

 offizielle Website

Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz
Organisation (Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz)
Neumarkt
Wikipedia:Gründungsdatum ungeklärt
Gegründet 1561
Religion (Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz)
Christentum im Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz

Evangelisch-Lutherisches Dekanat Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz


Krieg von Hochfelden ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Franz Krieg von Hochfelden (1776–1856), österreichischer Staatsmann
 Georg Heinrich Krieg von Hochfelden (1798–1860), badischer Generalmajor und Militärschriftsteller

Krieg von Hochfelden


Alshehbazia, biljni rod iz porodice krstašica, smješten u tribus Eudemeae. Jedina vrsta je trajnica žutih cvjetova, A. hauthalii, iz Argentine i Čilea

Prvi puta opisana je 1909. kao Eudema hauthalii.

Sinonimi
 Brayopsis hauthalii (Gilg & Muschl.) Skottsb.
 Brayopsis skottsbergii Gilg
 Eudema hauthalii Gilg & Muschl.
 Onuris hauthalii (Gilg & Muschl.) Al-Shehbaz

Izvori

Heliophilodae

Alshehbazia


Orlando Beckmann Geisel (Bento Gonçalves, 5 de septiembre de 1905 — Brasília, 1979) fue un militar brasileño.

Hijo de August Wilhelm Geisel y Lídia Beckmann, era hermano mayor del también militar Ernesto Geisel.

Ministro del Ejército de Emílio Garrastazu Medici, influyó decisivamente para que su hermano fuese postulado a la presidencia de Brasil.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Río Grande del Sur
Generales de Brasil
Ministros de Guerra de Brasil
Dictadura de Brasil 1964-1985
Fallecidos en Brasilia

Orlando Geisel


حسن مصطفى لاعب كرة قدم مصري (مواليد 20 أكتوبر 1979 الوراق الجيزة)، لعب لمنتخب مصر وحصل معه على كأسان للأمم الأفريقية عامي (2008/2006)، بدأ مسيرته الاحترافية مع نادي الاتحاد السكندري، وانتقل للنادي الأهلي عام 2004 وحصل معه علي البطولات حتي 2008 تمت إعارته لنادي الوحدة السعودي ثم عاد للنادى الأهلى ليعيره مرة أخرى لنادى اتحاد الشرطة المصري ومن ثم عودته للأهلى من جديد ليقرر مجلس الإدارة الاستغناء عنه لأى نادى يرغب قي الحصول على خدماته ليتقدم نادى الزمالك المصري بعرض لضمه ويوافق عليه اللاعب ويصبح لاعبا بصفوف فريق الزمالك وبعد انتهاء عقده انتقل لصفوف وادي دجلة وبعد الاعتزال عمل كمدرب مساعد مع التوأم ويلعب في مركز خط الوسط .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مصريون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مصريون مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون مصريون مغتربون في السعودية
قلوب دفاع كرة قدم
لاعبو اتحاد الشرطة
لاعبو الاتحاد السكندري
لاعبو الدوري المصري الممتاز
لاعبو النادي الأهلي (مصر)
لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2006
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2008
لاعبو كرة قدم مصريون
لاعبو كرة قدم مصريون مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون مصريون
لاعبو كرة قدم من محافظة الجيزة
لاعبو منتخب مصر لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي الداخلية
لاعبو نادي الزمالك
لاعبو نادي الوحدة (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي غزل المحلة
لاعبو نادي وادي دجلة
مواليد 1399 هـ
مواليد 1979
مواليد في الجيزة (مدينة)

حسن مصطفى (لاعب كرة قدم مصري)


An Joinvillea in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Joinvillea in nahilalakip ha familia nga Joinvilleaceae.

An Joinvillea amo la an genus nga ha familia nga Joinvilleaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Joinvillea

Joinvillea


Agrilus nodieri é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Obenberger, em 1924.

Referências

nodieri

Agrilus nodieri


Un comprimat (cu denumirile comune:  pastilă, tabletă) este o formă farmaceutică solidă de uz oral. Acestea sunt fabricate folosind excipienți corespunzători, de obicei prin metode de comprimare. Excipienții pot fi diluanți, lianți, dezagreganți, lubrifianți și coloranți. Comprimatele pot de asemenea să fie acoperite sau filmate, prin aplicarea unui strat la suprafața lor, ceea ce are ca scop o cedare modificată a substanței medicamentoase, creșterea rezistenței comprimatului la factori de mediu sau îmbunătățirea aspectului.

Comprimatele sunt printre cele mai utilizate forme farmaceutice solide de uz oral, împreună cu capsulele. Spre deosebire de capsule, comprimatele prezintă avantajul de a fi mai ieftine, mai rezistente mecanic și mai ușor de manipulat în etapele de ambalare și distribuție.

Note

Vezi și
 Comprimat efervescent
 Capsulă
 Drajeu
 Pastilă

Forme farmaceutice

Comprimat


Bianca de Oliveira Lima (nascida em 27 de agosto de 1996) é uma jogadora de badminton brasileira.

Carreira
Sua parceira é Naira Beatriz Vier. Ambas foram vice-campeãs do Grande Prêmio do Aberto do Brasil de 2016, após serem derrotadas pela dupla alemã Barbara Bellenberg e Eva Janssens na rodada final.

Conquistas

Grande Prêmio BWF
O BWF Grand Prix tem dois níveis, o BWF Grand Prix e o Grand Prix Gold. É uma série de torneios de badminton sancionados pela Federação Mundial de Badminton (BWF) desde 2007.

Duplas femininas

  Torneio BWF Grand Prix Gold
  Torneio BWF Grand Prix

Desafio/Série Internacional BWF
Individual feminino

Duplas femininas

  Torneio BWF International Challenge
  Torneio BWF International Series
  Torneio BWF Future Series

Referências

Badmínton do Brasil

Bianca de Oliveira Lima


Joseph Eduard Wessely (né le  à Welletau, royaume de Bohême et mort le  à Brunswick) est un historien de l'art germano-bohémien. Sa spécialité est l'histoire de la gravure.

Biographie
Le fils du propriétaire du moulin Franz Wessely et d'Anna Falta commence à étudier la théologie et la littérature classique, la philologie grecque, l'esthétique, l'histoire de la philologie et l'histoire de l'État à l'Université de Prague en 1843 après le lycée de Jungbunzlau. C'est là qu'il entre le 1er octobre 1845 dans l'ordre des chevaliers de la croix à l'étoile rouge, où il est ordonné prêtre en 1850.

Son goût pour l'art, qui existe depuis sa jeunesse, est soutenu par le Grand Maître de son ordre, et ainsi Wessely peut étudie à l'Académie des peintres de Prague et, en 1856, entreprendre un voyage d'étude d'un an dans les états italiens. L'art de la gravure sur cuivre et de la gravure à l'eau-forte allait devenir le point fort de son travail artistique et scientifique. Après avoir été nommé curé de l'église Saint-Charles-Borromée de Vienne en 1861, Wessely s'occupe en parallèle intensivement de la collection d'art de l'Albertina. À partir de 1865, un autre voyage d'étude dans les sites d'art les plus importants d'Europe suit. Parallèlement, il commence son activité littéraire.

En 1866, Wessely démissionne de l'ordre et se convertit à l'église évangélique. Dans le même temps, il quitte l'Autriche et s'installe désormais en Prusse, où il vit d'abord des revenus de ses publications. Le 1er janvier 1869, il prend finalement un poste de diététicien à la salle des estampes royales des Musées royaux de Berlin et y est nommé le 1er janvier 1869, où il est nommé assistant de direction le 1er mai 1877. Mais à peine quelques mois plus tard, le musée Herzog Anton Ulrich de Brunswick nomme Wessely comme successeur du graveur sur cuivre , décédé en juillet, où il doit poursuivre la réorganisation de la collection de cuivres que Knolle a commencée. Après une longue période de réflexion, Wessely démissionne finalement le 1er avril 1878 et prend le poste d'inspecteur de musée à Brunswick.

En plus de son travail de catalogage de la collection de gravures sur cuivre, Wessely développe désormais une activité littéraire animée. Il écrit de nombreuses monographies sur des graveurs importants ainsi que des manuels et des manuels, des répertoires et des livres spécialisés sur l'art de la gravure sur cuivre. Beaucoup de ses publications reçoivent beaucoup d'attention dans diverses encyclopédies, journaux et magazines ainsi que dans l'Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.

Joseph Eduard Wessely est marié à Katharina Bourdet née Tille, la veuve de son ami le peintre paysagiste Karl Joseph Bourdet (1828-1859). Wessely décède des suites d'un accident vasculaire cérébral. Il laisse derrière lui sa femme et ses cinq enfants, dont certains, comme le peintre et aquarelliste  (1851-1928), issus du premier mariage de sa femme.

Éditions
 Jan de Visscher und Lambert Visscher: Verzeichniss ihrer Kupferstiche. Leipzig 1866.
 Das Grundprincip des deutschen Rhythmus auf der Höhe des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Leipzig 1866.
 Abraham Blooteling: Verzeichniss seiner Kupferstiche und Schabkunst-Blätter. Leipzig 1867.
 Die Gestalten des Todes und des Teufels in der darstellenden Kunst. Leipzig 1867.
 Iconographie Gottes und der Heiligen. Leipzig 1874.
 Die deutschen Maler-Radirer (Peintres-Graveurs) des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, nach ihren Leben und Werken. Band 5, 1877 (in Fortsetzung des Werkes von Andreas Andresen).
 Kritische Verzeichnisse von Werken hervorragender Kupferstecher. Band 1: Georg Friedrich Schmidt. Verzeichniss seiner Stiche und Radirungen. Haendcke & Lehmkuhl, Hamburg 1887.
 Adriaen van Ostade. Verzeichniss seiner Originalradirungen und der graphischen Nachbildungen. Leipzig 1888.
 Artikel in der Allgemeinen Deutschen Biographie

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Historien de l'art
Naissance en mai 1826
Naissance dans la région de Bohême-Centrale
Naissance dans le royaume de Bohême
Décès en mars 1895
Décès à Brunswick (Basse-Saxe)
Décès dans le duché de Brunswick
Décès à 68 ans

Joseph Eduard Wessely


"Galopul lui Gish" este o tehnică folosită în timpul dezbaterilor care se centrează pe a copleși adversarul cu cât mai multe argumente cu putință, fără a ține seama de corectitudinea lor sau de puterea lor de convingere.

Termenul a fost inventat de Eugenie C. Scott și numit după creaționistul Duane T. Gish, care a folosit tehnica în mod frecvent contra adversarilor săi cu care dezbătea pe tema evoluției.

Tehnica și contra-măsurile
În cursul unui galop al lui Gish, un participant la dezbatere își confruntă oponentul cu o serie rapidă de multe argumente specioase, jumătăți de adevăruri și aserțiuni false într-un timp foarte scurt, ceea ce face ca oponentului să îi fie imposibil să le respingă pe toate în cadrul unei dezbateri formale. În practică, fiecare aserțiune enunțată de un "galopant al lui Gish" necesită un timp considerabil mai mare pentru a fi respinsă sau verificată factual decât pentru a fi enunțată. Tehnica aceasta răpește timpul oponentului și poate arunca dubii a competenței sale de a dezbate în fața unui public nefamiliarizat cu această tehnică, în special dacă nu există o verificare independentă a faptelor sau dacă publicul are doar o cunoaștere limitată asupra subiectului discutat.

În general, este mai dificil de folosit un galop al lui Gish într-o dezbatere structurată decât în una liberă. Dacă un participant la dezbatere este la curent că adversarul a folosit des galopuri ale lui Gish, tehnica poate fi contracarată prin a respinge dinainte și a denunța argumentele bine-cunoscute ale acelui oponent, înainte ca el să aibă posibilitatea de a lansa un galop al lui Gish.

Note

Referințe

Vezi și
 :en:Chewbacca defense
 Dezbatere
 Obstrucționism
 Dovadă prin prolixitate

Dezbatere
Erori logice

Galopul lui Gish


Vi som går mælkevejen er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Ib Dam efter manuskript af Henning Nystad.

Handling
Mette og Lise skal skrive stil om "Vores vigtigste levnedsmidler", og de vælger at skrive om mælk, smør og ost. Mælkens vej fra ko til flaske illustreres, ligesom hele processen omkring fremstilling af henholdsvis smør og ost anskueliggøres. Den årlige eksportindtægt af danske mejeriprodukter er 1,3 mia. kroner.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1958

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Vi som går mælkevejen


ක්ලැරන්ස් ජේ ලෙසින් ප්‍රකට ක්ලැරන්ස් රංජිත් ජෙයරත්නම් , ඇමරිකානු වාර්තා නිෂ්පාදකයෙක්, බහු වාද්‍ය වාදකයෙක්, නිර්මාපකයෙක් සහ ශ්‍රී ලාංකේය දෙමළ උරුමයේ ගීත රචකයෙක් වන අතර ඔහු US Billboard Hot 100 හි සංගීත ප්‍රස්ථාරයකට හිමිකම් කියූ අතර " සිකුරාදා " ගීතය සම-රචනය කර වැඩ කළේය.
Articles with hCards
Year of birth missing (living people)
ජීවමාන ජනයා

ක්ලැරන්ස් ජේ


Crkva Majke Božje Žalosne  je rimokatolička crkva u mjestu Trgovišće, općini Hrašćina zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Crkva je smještena u središtu naselja, na sjecištu putova. Tlocrt čini polukružno zaključeno svetište, pravokutna lađa s bočno postavljenim polukružnim kapelama i pročelni zvonik. Pregradnji je bilo nekoliko, a onom iz 18. st. pridodana je pravokutna lađa s polukružnim bočnim kapelama te je cijela unutrašnjost nadsvođena. Tada kapela dobiva karakteristični trolisni tlocrt rijedak na području kontinentalne Hrvatske. U kapeli se nalazi vrijedan, ali jako oštećen inventar sa stilskim obilježjima varaždinskog kiparstva sred. 18. st. Glavni oltar iz 1754. g. komponiran je kao okvir oko središnjeg kamenog kipa Majke Božje Žalosne, djela varaždinskog kipara Ivana Jakova Altenbacha iz 1692. g.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-2085 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravnog statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Nepokretna pojedinačna kulturna dobra u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj

Crkva Majke Božje Žalosne (Trgovišće)


Uluslararası İzmir Kısa Film Festivali, 2000 yılından beri İzmir'de düzenlenen Türkiye'nin en önemli en kısa film festivallerinden biridir. Festival, İzmir'in tek sinema festivalidir.

120 ülkeden 4 bin 500 filmin başvuruda bulunduğu festivalde kurgu, belgesel, deneysel ve animasyon dallarında yarışmalara seçilen 41 film Altın Kedi ödülleri için yarışır. Kazanan filmler, uluslararası ve ulusal kategorilerde ayrı ayrı olmak üzere Altın Kedi Ödülü ile taltif edilir. Festival yönetimi, sinema adına önemli kişileri jüri üyesi olarak davet ederek Türkiye'de kısa filmin gelişimine katkıda bulunmaktadır.

İzmir Kısa Film Festivali'nde yerli kurgu ve yerli animasyon dallarında birinci olan eserler, Türkiye adına oscar ödülleri adaylığı için başvuru yapabiliyor.

Geçmiş festivaller

 22. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 21. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 20. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 19. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 18. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 17. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 16. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 15. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 14. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 13. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 12. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 11. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 10. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 9. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 8. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 7. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 6. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 5. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 4. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 3. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 2. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
 1. İzmir Kısa Film Festivali

Dış bağlantılar
Uluslararası İzmir Kısa Film Festivali internet adresi
Instagram'da İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
Twitter'da İzmir Kısa Film Festivali
Facebook'da İzmir Kısa Film Festivali

Kaynakça

İzmir Kısa Film Festivali

İzmir Kısa Film Festivali


Livsstilssygdomme er en samlet betegnelse for sygdommer eller lidelser et menneske kan få som resultat af egen livsstil. Livsstilssygdomme bliver ofte omtalt som vor tids store sundhedsudfording. Både folkehelseinstituttet og WHO bruer begrebet epidemi for at beskrive uroen over udviklingen.

Livsstil er en betegnelse for måden et menneske ud fra egne valg forholder sig til eget liv, gennem kost, fysisk aktivitet, inaktivitet og forhold til nikotin, alkohol og narkotiske rusmidler. Livsstilen er også afhængig af selvvalgt døgnrytme, søvnmængde og stressniveau. I den forbindelse bliver livsstil knyttet mod livskvalitet, som kan blive forringet dersom et individ ikke har et såkaldt balanceret forhold til disse variable. Sygdomme som statistisk set kan være arvelige, og dermed genetisk betinget, blivre sjældent kategoriseret som livsstilssygdomme.

Fænomenet illustreres også af at kvinder i Japan og Kina i stadig højere grad rammes af brystkræft. Frem mod 2021 advarer forskere mod at omfanget kan blive epidemisk som følge af at elementer fra såkaldt "vestlig livsstil" får stadig større udbredelse.

Samme trend ses i en række andre land, også i Afrika og Sydamerika. Den markante ændring er efter forskernes mening i stor grad en konsekvens af "vestlig livsstil". Det indebærer blandt andet ændringer for graviditet, fødsler og amning, ændringer i kost- og spisevaner og ændringer i brug af østrogenholdige lægemidler.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Livsstilssygdomme på Sundhed.dk

Sundhed
Sygdomme

Livsstilssygdom


Menemen, İzmir'in bir ilçesidir.

Menemen ayrıca şu anlamlara gelebilir:

 Menemen (yemek), yumurta, domates, biber ve bazen de soğanın tavada karıştırılmasıyla elde edilen bir yemek
 Menemen Tren İstasyonu, İzmir'de bir tren istasyonu
 Menemen Olayı,  Menemen Olayı ya da Kubilay Olayı, 23 Aralık 1930 günü, İzmir'in Menemen ilçesinde, askerliğini yedek subay olarak yapmakta olan Öğretmen Mustafa Fehmi Kubilay'ın ve yardımına koşan bekçiler Hasan ve Şevki'nin şeriat isteyen bir grup tarafından öldürülmesi

Menemen (anlam ayrımı)


NGC 96 este o galaxie lenticulară situată în constelația Andromeda. Aceasta a fost descoperită de către astronomul francez Guilaume Bigourdan în 24 octombrie 1884.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 95
 NGC 97

Legături externe
 NGC 96 pe WikiSky
 NGC 96 pe spider.seds.org

Galaxii lenticulare
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Andromeda
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1884
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de Guillaume Bigourdan

NGC 96


En teoría de conjuntos, el axioma del par es un axioma que asegura la existencia de un conjunto que contiene como elementos dos objetos cualesquiera dados previamente.

Enunciado
El axioma del par afirma que dados dos conjuntos (u otros objetos de la teoría), existe un conjunto con exactamente esos elementos.  Su enunciado formal es:

El axioma de extensionalidad asegura que este conjunto es único, por lo que se demuestra la existencia del conjunto , definido como:

Consistencia relativa
El axioma del par aparece en los axiomas de la teoría de conjuntos de Zermelo-Fraenkel y de la teoría de Neumann-Bernays-Gödel. Sin embargo, es demostrable a partir del resto de axiomas, en particular del axioma de reemplazo junto con el axioma del conjunto potencia y el axioma del conjunto vacío, por ejemplo.

Referencias
 Discute el axioma del par en III.5.
 En B.1.4 construye los pares no ordenados.

Par

de:Zermelo-Fraenkel-Mengenlehre#Die Axiome von ZF und ZFC

Axioma del par


Tüketici, iktisadi mal ve hizmetleri belirli bir bedel karşılığında satın alarak kullanan kişidir. Tüketim denildiğinde daha çok maddi anlamda tüketim anlaşılmaktadır. Hâlbuki maddi tüketim öğelerinin dışında maddi olmayan kültür, eğlence gibi tüketim öğeleri de vardır. Dolayısıyla, tüketicinin duygusal ve düşünsel ihtiyaçlarıyla da ilgilenmek gereği vardır.

Kaynakça

Pazarlama

Tüketici


The Financial District of Lower Manhattan, also known as FiDi, is a neighborhood located on the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded by the West Side Highway on the west, Chambers Street and City Hall Park on the north, Brooklyn Bridge on the northeast, the East River to the southeast, and South Ferry and the Battery on the south.

The City of New York was created in the modern-day Financial District in 1624, and the neighborhood roughly overlaps with the boundaries of the New Amsterdam settlement in the late 17th century. The district comprises the offices and headquarters of many of the city's major financial institutions, including the New York Stock Exchange and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Anchored on Wall Street in the Financial District, New York City has been called both the leading financial center and the most economically powerful city of the world, and the New York Stock Exchange is the world's largest stock exchange by total market capitalization. Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Financial District, including the New York Mercantile Exchange, NASDAQ, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock Exchange.

The Financial District is part of Manhattan Community District 1, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10004, 10005, 10006, 10007, and 10038. It is patrolled by the 1st Precinct of the New York City Police Department.

Description
The Financial District encompasses roughly the area south of City Hall Park in Lower Manhattan but excludes Battery Park and Battery Park City. The former World Trade Center complex was located in the neighborhood until the September 11, 2001, attacks; the neighborhood includes the successor One World Trade Center. The heart of the Financial District is often considered to be the corner of Wall Street and Broad Street, both of which are contained entirely within the district. The northeastern part of the Financial District (along Fulton Street and John Street) was known in the early 20th century as the Insurance District, due to the large number of insurance companies that were either headquartered there, or maintained their New York offices there.

Although the term is sometimes used as a synonym for Wall Street, the latter term is often applied metonymously to the financial markets as a whole (and is also a street in the district), whereas "the Financial District" implies an actual geographical location. The Financial District is part of Manhattan Community Board 1, which also includes five other neighborhoods (Battery Park City, Civic Center, Greenwich South, Seaport, and Tribeca).

Street grid

The streets in the area were laid out as part of the Castello Plan prior to the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, a grid plan that dictates the placement of most of Manhattan's streets north of Houston Street. Thus, it has small streets "barely wide enough for a single lane of traffic are bordered on both sides by some of the tallest buildings in the city", according to one description, which creates "breathtaking artificial canyons". Some streets have been designated as pedestrian-only with vehicular traffic prohibited.

Tourism
The Financial District is a major location of tourism in New York City. One report described Lower Manhattan as "swarming with camera-carrying tourists". Tour guides highlight places such as Trinity Church, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building gold vaults 80 feet below street level (worth $100 billion), and the New York Stock Exchange Building. A Scoundrels of Wall Street Tour is a walking historical tour which includes a museum visit and discussion of various financiers "who were adept at finding ways around finance laws or loopholes through them". Occasionally artists make impromptu performances; for example, in 2010, a troupe of 22 dancers "contort their bodies and cram themselves into the nooks and crannies of the Financial District in Bodies in Urban Spaces" choreographed by Willi Donner. One chief attraction, the Federal Reserve, paid $750,000 to open a visitors' gallery in 1997. The New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange also spent money in the late 1990s to upgrade facilities for visitors. Attractions include the gold vault beneath the Federal Reserve and that "staring down at the trading floor was as exciting as going to the Statue of Liberty".

Architecture
The Financial District's architecture is generally rooted in the Gilded Age, though there are also some art deco influences in the neighborhood. The area is distinguished by narrow streets, a steep topography, and high-rises Construction in such narrow steep areas has resulted in occasional accidents such as a crane collapse. One report divided lower Manhattan into three basic districts:

 The Financial District proper—particularly along John Street
 South of the World Trade Center area—the handful of blocks located south of the World Trade Center along Greenwich, Washington and West Streets
 Seaport district—characterized by century-old low-rise buildings and South Street Seaport; the seaport is "quiet, residential, and has an old world charm" according to one description.

Federal Hall National Memorial, on the site of the first U.S. capitol and the first inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States, is located at the corner of Wall Street and Nassau Street.

The Financial District has a number of tourist attractions such as the South Street Seaport Historic District, newly renovated Pier 17, the New York City Police Museum, the Museum of American Finance, the National Museum of the American Indian, Trinity Church, St. Paul's Chapel, and the famous bull. Bowling Green is the starting point of traditional ticker-tape parades on Broadway, where here it is also known as the Canyon of Heroes. The Museum of Jewish Heritage and the Skyscraper Museum are both in adjacent Battery Park City which is also home to the Brookfield Place (formerly World Financial Center).

Another key anchor for the area is the New York Stock Exchange. City authorities realize its importance, and believed that it has "outgrown its neoclassical temple at the corner of Wall and Broad streets", and in 1998 offered substantial tax incentives to try to keep it in the Financial District. Plans to rebuild it were delayed by the September 11, 2001, attacks. The Exchange still occupies the same site. The Exchange is the locus for a large amount of technology and data. For example, to accommodate the three thousand persons who work directly on the Exchange floor requires 3,500 kilowatts of electricity, along with 8,000 phone circuits on the trading floor alone, and 200 miles of fiber-optic cable below ground.

Official landmarks

Buildings in the Financial District can have one of several types of official landmark designations:
The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission is the New York City agency that is responsible for identifying and designating the city's landmarks and the buildings in the city's historic districts. New York City landmarks (NYCL) can be categorized into one of several groups: individual (exterior), interior, and scenic landmarks.
The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance.
The National Historic Landmark (NHL) focuses on places of significance in American history, architecture, engineering, or culture; all NHL sites are also on the NRHP.

The following landmarks are situated south of Morris Street and west of Whitehall Street/Broadway:

21 West Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, Bowling Green (NHL, NRHP, NYCL, NYCL interior)
Bowling Green fence (NYCL)
Bowling Green (NRHP)
Bowling Green Offices Building, 11 Broadway (NYCL)
Castle Clinton, the Battery (NRHP, NYCL)
City Pier A, the Battery (NRHP, NYCL)
Cunard Building, 25 Broadway (NYCL, NYCL interior)
Downtown Athletic Club, 19 West Street (NYCL)
Interborough Rapid Transit System, Battery Park Control House (NRHP, NYCL)
International Mercantile Marine Company Building, 1 Broadway (NRHP, NYCL)
James Watson House, 7 State Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Whitehall Building, 17 Battery Place (NYCL)

The following landmarks are located west of Broadway between Morris and Barclay Streets:

American Stock Exchange Building (NHL, NRHP, NYCL)
65 Broadway (NYCL)
90 West Street (NRHP, NYCL)
94 Greenwich Street (NYCL)
195 Broadway (NYCL, NYCL interior)
Empire Building, 71 Broadway (NRHP, NYCL)
New York County Lawyers' Association Building, 14 Vesey Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Old New York Evening Post Building, 20 Vesey Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Robert and Anne Dickey House, 67 Greenwich Street (NYCL)
St. George's Syrian Catholic Church, 103 Washington Street (NYCL)
St. Paul's Chapel, Broadway at Fulton Street (NHL, NRHP, NYCL)
St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, 22 Barclay Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Trinity and United States Realty Buildings, 111-115 Broadway (both NYCL)
Trinity Church, Broadway at Wall Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Verizon Building, 140 West Street (NRHP, NYCL, NYCL interior)

The following landmarks are located south of Wall Street and east of Broadway/Whitehall Street:

1 Hanover Square (NHL, NRHP, NYCL)
1 Wall Street (NYCL)
1 Wall Street Court (NRHP, NYCL)
1 William Street (NYCL)
20 Exchange Place (NYCL)
23 Wall Street (NRHP, NYCL)
26 Broadway (NYCL)
55 Wall Street (NRHP, NYCL, NYCL interior)
American Bank Note Company Building, 70 Broad Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Battery Maritime Building, South Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Broad Exchange Building, 25 Broad Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Delmonico's Building, 56 Beaver Street (NYCL)
First Precinct Police Station, 100 Old Slip (NRHP, NYCL)
Fraunces Tavern, 54 Pearl Street (NRHP, NYCL)
New York Stock Exchange Building, 8-18 Broad Street (NHL, NRHP, NYCL)
Wall and Hanover Building, 59–63 Wall Street (NRHP)

The following landmarks are located east of Broadway between Wall Street and Maiden Lane:

14 Wall Street (NYCL)
28 Liberty Street (NYCL)
40 Wall Street (NRHP, NYCL)
48 Wall Street (NRHP, NYCL)
56 Pine Street (NRHP, NYCL)
70 Pine Street (NYCL, NYCL interior)
90–94 Maiden Lane (NYCL)
American Surety Building, 100 Broadway (NYCL)
Chamber of Commerce Building, 65 Liberty Street (NHL, NRHP, NYCL)
Down Town Association Building, 60 Pine Street (NYCL)
Equitable Building (NHL, NRHP, NYCL)
Federal Hall National Memorial, 26 Wall Street (NHL, NRHP, NYCL, NYCL interior)
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building, 33 Liberty Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Liberty Tower, 55 Liberty Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Marine Midland Building, 140 Broadway (NYCL)

The following landmarks are located east of Broadway and Park Row between Maiden Lane and the Brooklyn Bridge:

5 Beekman Street (NYCL)
63 Nassau Street (NYCL)
150 Nassau Street (NYCL)
Bennett Building, 99 Nassau Street (NYCL)
Corbin Building, 13 John Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Excelsior Power Company Building, 33–43 Gold Street (NYCL)
John Street Methodist Church, 44 John Street (NRHP, NYCL)
Keuffel & Esser Company Building, 127 Fulton Street (NYCL)
Morse Building, 138-42 Nassau Street (NYCL)
New York Times Building, 41 Park Row (NYCL)
Park Row Building, 15 Park Row (NRHP, NYCL)
Potter Building, 38 Park Row (NYCL)

The following landmarks apply to multiple distinct areas:
Fraunces Tavern Block Historic District (NRHP, NYCL)
South Street Seaport Historic District (NRHP, NYCL; includes numerous individual landmarks)
Street Plan of New Amsterdam and Colonial New York (NYCL)
Stone Street Historic District (NYCL)
Wall Street, Fulton Street station interiors (NYCL)

History

New Amsterdam

What is now the Financial District was once part of New Amsterdam, situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan. New Amsterdam was derived from Fort Amsterdam, meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province of New Netherland in 1625. By 1655, the population of New Netherland had grown to 2,000 people, with 1,500 living in New Amsterdam. By 1664, the population of New Netherland had skyrocketed to almost 9,000 people, 2,500 of whom lived in New Amsterdam, 1,000 lived near Fort Orange, and the remainder in other towns and villages. In 1664 the English took over New Amsterdam and renamed it New York City.

19th and 20th centuries
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the corporate culture of New York was a primary center for the construction of early skyscrapers, and was rivaled only by Chicago on the American continent. There were also residential sections, such as the Bowling Green section between Broadway and the Hudson River, and between Vesey Street and the Battery. The Bowling Green area was described as "Wall Street's back yard" with poor people, high infant mortality rates, and the "worst housing conditions in the city". As a result of the construction, looking at New York City from the east, one can see two distinct clumps of tall buildings—the Financial District on the left, and the taller Midtown neighborhood on the right. The geology of Manhattan is well-suited for tall buildings, with a solid mass of bedrock underneath Manhattan providing a firm foundation for tall buildings. Skyscrapers are expensive to build, but the scarcity of land in the Financial District made it suitable for the construction of skyscrapers.

Business writer John Brooks in his book Once in Golconda considered the start of the 20th century period to have been the area's heyday. The address of 23 Wall Street, the headquarters of J. P. Morgan & Company, known as The Corner, was "the precise center, geographical as well as metaphorical, of financial America and even of the financial world".

On September 16, 1920, close to the corner of Wall and Broad Street, the busiest corner of the Financial District and across the offices of the Morgan Bank, a powerful bomb exploded. It killed 38 and seriously injured 143 people. The area was subjected to numerous threats; one bomb threat in 1921 led to detectives sealing off the area to "prevent a repetition of the Wall Street bomb explosion".

Late-20th century growth

During most of the 20th century, the Financial District was a business community with practically only offices which emptied out at night. Writing in The Death and Life of Great American Cities in 1961, urbanist Jane Jacobs described a "deathlike stillness that settles on the district after 5:30 and all day Saturday and Sunday". But there has been a change towards greater residential use of the area, pushed forwards by technological changes and shifting market conditions. The general pattern is for several hundred thousand workers to commute into the area during the day, sometimes by sharing a taxicab from other parts of the city as well as from New Jersey and Long Island, and then leave at night. In 1970 only 833 people lived "south of Chambers Street"; by 1990, 13,782 people were residents with the addition of areas such as Battery Park City and Southbridge Towers. Battery Park City was built on 92 acres of landfill, and 3,000 people moved there beginning about 1982, but by 1986 there was evidence of more shops and stores and a park, along with plans for more residential development.

Construction of the World Trade Center began in 1966, but the World Trade Center had trouble attracting tenants when completed. Nonetheless, some substantial firms purchased space there. Its impressive height helped make it a visual landmark for drivers and pedestrians. In some respects, the nexus of the Financial District moved physically from Wall Street to the World Trade Center complex and surrounding buildings such as the Deutsche Bank Building, 90 West Street, and One Liberty Plaza. Real estate growth during the latter part of the 1990s was significant, with deals and new projects happening in the Financial District and elsewhere in Manhattan; one firm invested more than $24 billion in various projects, many in the Wall Street area. In 1998, the NYSE and the city struck a $900 million deal which kept the NYSE from moving across the river to Jersey City; the deal was described as the "largest in city history to prevent a corporation from leaving town". A competitor to the NYSE, NASDAQ, moved its headquarters from Washington to New York.

In 1987, the stock market plunged and, in the relatively brief recession following, lower Manhattan lost 100,000 jobs according to one estimate. Since telecommunications costs were coming down, banks and brokerage firms could move away from the Financial District to more affordable locations. The recession of 1990–91 was marked by office vacancy rates downtown which were "persistently high" and with some buildings "standing empty".

Residential neighborhood
In 1995, city authorities offered the Lower Manhattan Revitalization Plan which offered incentives to convert commercial properties to residential use. According to one description in 1996, "The area dies at night ... It needs a neighborhood, a community." During the past two decades there has been a shift towards greater residential living areas in the Financial District, with incentives from city authorities in some instances. Many empty office buildings have been converted to lofts and apartments; for example, the Liberty Tower, the office building of oil magnate Harry Sinclair, was converted to a co-op in 1979. In 1996, a fifth of buildings and warehouses were empty, and many were converted to living areas. Some conversions met with problems, such as aging gargoyles on building exteriors having to be expensively restored to meet with current building codes. Residents in the area have sought to have a supermarket, a movie theater, a pharmacy, more schools, and a "good diner". The discount retailer named Job Lot used to be located at the World Trade Center but moved to Church Street; merchants bought extra unsold items at steep prices and sold them as a discount to consumers, and shoppers included "thrifty homemakers and browsing retirees" who "rubbed elbows with City Hall workers and Wall Street executives"; but the firm went bust in 1993.
There were reports that the number of residents increased by 60% during the 1990s to about 25,000 although a second estimate (based on the 2000 census based on a different map) places the residential population in 2000 at 12,042. By 2001 there were several grocery stores, dry cleaners, and two grade schools and a top high school.

21st century

September 11 attacks
In 2001, the Big Board, as some termed the NYSE, was described as the world's "largest and most prestigious stock market". When the World Trade Center was destroyed on September 11, 2001, it left an architectural void as new developments since the 1970s had played off the complex aesthetically. The attacks "crippled" the communications network. One estimate was that 45% of the neighborhood's "best office space" had been lost. The physical destruction was immense:

Still, the NYSE was determined to re-open on September 17, almost a week after the attack. After September 11, the financial services industry went through a downturn with a sizable drop in year-end bonuses of $6.5 billion, according to one estimate from a state comptroller's office.

To guard against a vehicular bombing in the area, authorities built concrete barriers, and found ways over time to make them more aesthetically appealing by spending $5000 to $8000 apiece on bollards. Several streets in the neighborhood, including Wall and Broad Streets, were blocked off by specially designed bollards:

Redevelopment
The destruction of the World Trade Center spurred development on a scale that had not been seen in decades. Tax incentives provided by federal, state and local governments encouraged development. A new World Trade Center complex centered on Daniel Libeskind's Memory Foundations was after the 9/11 attacks. The centerpiece, which is now a  tall structure, opened in 2014 as the One World Trade Center. Fulton Center, a new transit complex intended to improve access to the area, opened in 2014, followed by the World Trade Center Transportation Hub in 2016. Additionally, in 2007, the Maharishi Global Financial Capital of New York opened headquarters at 70 Broad Street near the NYSE, in an effort to seek investors.

By the 2010s, the Financial District had become established as a residential and commercial neighborhood. Several new skyscrapers such as 125 Greenwich Street and 130 William were being developed, while other structures such as 1 Wall Street, the Equitable Building, and the Woolworth Building were extensively renovated. Additionally, there were more signs of dogwalkers at night and a 24-hour neighborhood, although the general pattern of crowds during the working hours and emptiness at night was still apparent. There were also ten hotels and thirteen museums in 2010. In 2007 the French fashion retailer Hermès opened a store in the Financial District to sell items such as a "$4,700 custom-made leather dressage saddle or a $47,000 limited edition alligator briefcase". However, there are reports of panhandlers like elsewhere in the city. By 2010 the residential population had increased to 24,400 residents. and the area was growing with luxury high-end apartments and upscale retailers.

On October 29, 2012, New York and New Jersey were inundated by Hurricane Sandy. Its 14-foot-high storm surge, a local record, caused massive street flooding in many parts of Lower Manhattan. Power to the area was knocked out by a transformer explosion at a Con Edison plant. With mass transit in New York City already suspended as a precaution even before the storm hit, the New York Stock Exchange and other financial exchanges were closed for two days, re-opening on October 31. From 2013 to 2021, nearly two hundred buildings in the Financial District were converted to residential use. Furthermore, between 2001 and 2021, the proportion of companies in the area that were in the finance and insurance industries declined from 55 to 30 percent.

Demographics
For census purposes, the New York City government classifies the Financial District as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Battery Park City-Lower Manhattan. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Battery Park City-Lower Manhattan was 39,699, an increase of 19,611 (97.6%) from the 20,088 counted in 2000. Covering an area of , the neighborhood had a population density of . The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 65.4% (25,965) White, 3.2% (1,288) African American, 0.1% (35) Native American, 20.2% (8,016) Asian, 0.0% (17) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (153) from other races, and 3.0% (1,170) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.7% (3,055) of the population.

The entirety of Community District 1, which comprises the Financial District and other Lower Manhattan neighborhoods, had 63,383 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.8 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are young to middle-aged adults: half (50%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 14% are between 0–17, and 18% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 11% and 7% respectively.

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 1 and 2 (including Greenwich Village and SoHo) was $144,878, though the median income in the Financial District individually was $125,565. In 2018, an estimated 9% of Financial District and Lower Manhattan residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty-five residents (4%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 38% in Financial District and Lower Manhattan, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, , Financial District and Lower Manhattan are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

The population of the Financial District has grown to an estimated 61,000 residents as of 2018, up from 43,000 as of 2014, which in turn was nearly double the 23,000 recorded at the 2000 Census.

Political representation

Local
In the New York City Council, the Financial District is part of District 1, represented by Democrat Christopher Marte.

List of aldermen/councilmen who have represented the Financial District
1922–1930: Martin F. Tanahey, Democratic
1938–1947: Borough-wide proportional representation
1965–1974: Saul Sharison
1974–1977: Anthony Gaeta, Democratic
1977–1985: Nicholas LaPorte, Democratic
1985: Frank Fossella, Democratic
1986–1990: Susan Molinari, Republican
1990–1991: Alfred C. Cerullo III, Republican
1991–2001: Kathryn E. Freed, Democratic
2002–2010: Alan Gerson, Democratic
2010–2021: Margaret Chin, Democratic
2022–present: Christopher Marte, Democratic

State
The Financial District is part of New York's 27th State Senate district, represented by Brian P. Kavanagh. In the New York State Assembly, the neighborhood is in the 61st, 65th, and 66th districts, represented respectively by Charles Fall, Grace Lee, and Deborah Glick.

Federal
Politically, the Financial District in New York's 10th congressional district; , it is represented by Dan Goldman.

Police and crime
Financial District and Lower Manhattan are patrolled by the 1st Precinct of the NYPD, located at 16 Ericsson Place. The 1st Precinct ranked 63rd safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. Though the number of crimes is low compared to other NYPD precincts, the residential population is also much lower. , with a non-fatal assault rate of 24 per 100,000 people, Financial District and Lower Manhattan's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 152 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

The 1st Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 86.3% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 23 rapes, 80 robberies, 61 felony assaults, 85 burglaries, 1,085 grand larcenies, and 21 grand larcenies auto in 2018.

Fire safety
The Financial District is served by three New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations:
Engine Company 4/Ladder Company 15/Decon Unit – 42 South Street
Engine Company 6 – 49 Beekman Street
Engine Company 10/Ladder Company 10 – 124 Liberty Street

Health
, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Financial District and Lower Manhattan than in other places citywide. In Financial District and Lower Manhattan, there were 77 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 2.2 teenage births per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), though the teenage birth rate is based on a small sample size. Financial District and Lower Manhattan have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Financial District and Lower Manhattan is , more than the city average. Sixteen percent of Financial District and Lower Manhattan residents are smokers, which is more than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Financial District and Lower Manhattan, 4% of residents are obese, 3% are diabetic, and 15% have high blood pressure, the lowest rates in the city—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 5% of children are obese, the lowest rate in the city, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Ninety-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is more than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 88% of residents described their health as "good," "very good," or "excellent," more than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Financial District and Lower Manhattan, there are 6 bodegas.

The nearest major hospital is NewYork-Presbyterian Lower Manhattan Hospital in the Civic Center area.

Post offices and ZIP Codes
Financial District is located within several ZIP Codes. The largest ZIP Codes are 10004, centered around the Battery; 10005, around Wall Street; 10006, around the World Trade Center; 10007, around City Hall; and 10038, around South Street Seaport. There are also several smaller ZIP Codes spanning one block, including 10045 around the Federal Reserve Bank; 10271 around the Equitable Building; and 10279 around the Woolworth Building.

The United States Postal Service operates four post offices in the Financial District:
Church Street Station – 90 Church Street
Hanover Station – 1 Hanover Street
Peck Slip Station – 114 John Street
Whitehall Station – 1 Whitehall Street

Education
Financial District and Lower Manhattan generally have a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city . The vast majority of residents age 25 and older (84%) have a college education or higher, while 4% have less than a high school education and 12% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Financial District and Lower Manhattan students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period. The Financial District is home to Pace University's New York City Campus, one of the oldest Universities in New York City.

Financial District and Lower Manhattan's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Financial District and Lower Manhattan, 6% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, less than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 96% of high school students in Financial District and Lower Manhattan graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.

Schools

The New York City Department of Education operates the following public schools in the Financial District:

Urban Assembly School of Business for Young Women (grades 9-12)
Spruce Street School (grades PK-8)
Millennium High School (grades 9-12)
Leadership and Public Service High School (grades 9-12)
Manhattan Academy for Arts and Languages (grades 9-12)
High School of Economics and Finance (grades 9-12)

Libraries
The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates two branches nearby. The New Amsterdam branch is located at 9 Murray Street near Broadway. It was established on the ground floor of an office building in 1989. The Battery Park City branch is located at 175 North End Avenue near Murray Street. Completed in 2010, the two-story branch is NYPL's first LEED-certified branch.

Transportation
The following New York City Subway stations are located in the Financial District:
Bowling Green, Wall Street ()
Broad Street ()
Chambers–WTC–Park Place–Cortlandt Street ()
City Hall, Rector Street ()
Fulton Street ()
Rector Street, WTC Cortlandt ()
South Ferry/Whitehall Street ()

The largest transit hub, Fulton Center, was completed in 2014 after a $1.4 billion reconstruction project necessitated by the September 11, 2001, attacks, and involves at least five different sets of platforms. This transit hub was expected to serve 300,000 daily riders as of late 2014. The World Trade Center Transportation Hub and PATH station opened in 2016.

MTA Regional Bus Operations also operates several bus routes in the Financial District, namely the  routes running north–south through the area, and the  routes running west–east through the area. There are also many MTA express bus routes running through the Financial District. The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation started operating a free shuttle bus, the Downtown Connection, in 2003; the route circulates around the Financial District during the daytime.

Ferry services are also concentrated downtown, including the Staten Island Ferry at the Whitehall Terminal; NYC Ferry at Pier 11/Wall Street and Battery Park City Ferry Terminal; and service to Governors Island at the Battery Maritime Building.

Tallest buildings

Gallery

See also

Economy of New York City

References

External links

Photographs of Financial District
Wikipages Financial District, a wiki-based business directory for the Financial District.

Manhattan
Economy of New York City
Manhattan
Neighborhoods in Manhattan

Financial District, Manhattan


Ufoloji, UFO'ları inceleyen bir çalışma sahası. Ufoloji ile uğraşanlara ufolog denir.

Ufoloji nedir
Terim, "tanımlanamayan uçan cisimler" (TUC) anlamına gelen İngilizce kavramın baş harflerinden oluşmuş UFO kısaltmasına "-loji" eki getirilerek oluşturulmuştur. Uçan daireler için Çince "不明飞行物", Farsça "شیء ناشناس پرنده", İngilizce UFO ve Fransızca ise "uçan fincan tabakları" anlamındaki "flying saucers" ya da "soucoupes volants" terimleri kullanılmaktadır.

Genellikle Ufoların dünya dışından geldiğine inanılır fakat bununla ilgili resmi bir açıklama yoktur. FBI'ın sadece Rosewell olayını dünyaya açıklaması ufolara duyulan merağın artmasına sebep oldu.Diğer yandan bazı kişilerse UFOların Gizli Hükûmet uçakları olduğuna inanmasıdır.

Uçan dairelerin gerçekliği, yani dünya dışı olup olmadıkları konusunda bugüne dek sayısız tartışmalar olmuştur. Ufologlara göre, bazı şarlatan ve sahtekarların sunduğu fotoğraf ve filmlerin sahte olduklarının saptanmış olmasına rağmen, uçan dairelerin gerçekliğine ya da dünya yapımı olmadığına inananların sayısı günden güne artmaktadır. Dünya dışı canlılarla ve araçlarıyla ilgili tanıklıklar astronomi profesörü Allen J. Hynek tarafından üç grupta sınıflandırılmıştır. (Birinci türden, ikinci türden ve üçüncü türden yakın karşılaşmalar)

ABD'nin resmi görüşü

ABD'de, 1940'lı yıllardan itibaren UFO gözlemlerinin giderek artması üzerine, resmi makamların denetiminde araştırma ve soruşturma çalışmaları yapılmış ve çalışmaların sonucunda kamuoyuna yapılan açıklamada, UFO gözlemlerinin ya uçak, meteoroloji balonu, yapay uydu, gezegen gözlemlerinden ibaret oldukları ya da optik illüzyonlardan, halüsinasyonlardan ve şarlatanlıklardan ibaret oldukları açıklanmıştır. Amerikalı ufologların iddiasına göre ise, ABD devleti ve bilim otoriteleri çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı uçan daire gerçeğini görmezden gelmeye çalışmaktadır. 2011 Yılında FBI dünya dışı yaşam ve Rosewell olayıyla ilgili belgeleri dünyaya sunmuştur.

Bilim otoritelerinin yaklaşımı

Bilim otoritelerinin hepsi olmasa da, çoğu ABD'nin bu resmi açıklamasına katılmaktadır. Astronomlar ise genellikle evrende akıllı yaşam olabileceğini kabul ederler, ancak uzaylı ziyareti iddialarının kabul edilebilmesi için somut kanıtlarla desteklenmesi gerektiğini, bu kanıtınsa henüz sunulmadığını belirtirler. Örneğin Carl Sagan, UFO'ların somut kanıtları olmamasına rağmen bu kadar yaygın olmasını, eski çağlardan beri insanların alışkın olmadığı veya az rastlanan olaylara tanık olduğunda bunu tanrılar, cadılar, cinler gibi doğaüstü varlıklarla bağlantılandırmasının modern hali olarak yorumlamaktadır. Sagan'a göre doğaüstü varlıklar düşüncesi insanların kendilerini koruma içgüdüsünün evrimsel yansımasıdır. Geceleri mağaralarına çekilmek zorunda olan ilk insanlar, gece avlanan vahşi hayvanlara olan korkularını doğaüstü varlıklar suretinde somutlaştırmışlardır. Bu korkular (gece korkusu, yabancı korkusu gibi) daha sonraki çağlarda dinlerle bağlantılandırılmış, 20. yy itibarıyla yerini uzaylılara bırakmaya başlamıştır. Özetle Sagan'a göre eski çağların gece cinleri günümüzde uzaydan gelen cinlerle yer değiştirmiştir.

Ufologların temel görüşleri

 Uçan daireler gerçektir; Dünya yapımı uçan daireler var olmakla birlikte, Dünya dışı ufolar kadar hareket kabiliyetleri yoktur; gözlemlenen Ufolardaki zikzak manevralarını ve ani kaybolmaları yapabilecek taşıtlar yeryüzünde henüz icat edilmemiştir.
 Uzaylılarla ilişki kurduklarını söyleyenlerin hepsi şarlatan değildir, doğruyu söyleyenler de vardır.
 Uçan dairelerin hepsi aynı gezegenden gelmedikleri gibi, çoğunlukla bizim boyutumuzda ya da frekans düzeyimizde bulunmayan gezegenlerden gelirler.
 Uzaylılar ışınlama dediğimiz teleportasyon fenomenini araçlarına uygulayabilmektedirler. Dolayısıyla ışık yılıyla ölçülen kozmik uzaklıklar yolculuklarına bir engel oluşturmaz.
 Dünyaya araçlarıyla gelen uzaylılar çoğunlukla bilimkurgu eserlerindeki gibi garip yaratıklar değildir, küçük farklarla insanın bedensel yapısına sahiptirler.
 Dünyaya araçlarıyla gelen uzaylılar her alanda bizden daha ileridirler. Gezegenlerinde savaş, para ve egoizm diye bir şey kalmamıştır.
 Uzaylıların Dünyalılarla kitlesel irtibata geçmemelerinin nedeni bizim manevi alanda onlara kıyasla çok geri oluşumuz ve egoizmden kurtulamayışımızdır.

Uçan dairelere inananlardan oluşan kuruluşlar ve tarikatlar

Uçan dairelere ilgi günümüzde yalnızca amatörce yapılan bireysel çabalardan ibaret değildir. Uçan dairelere inananlar sayısız dernek, kurum ve organizasyon kurmuşlardır. Konunun popüler olması obsedör nitelikli kimselerce de kullanılmasına yol açmıştır. Günümüzde, özellikle ABD'de, uçan dairelerin varlığına inanan saf ve iyi niyetli insanları çevrelerine toplayarak onları mistik vaatlerle kullanan tarikat liderleri oluşmuş durumdadır. Ufo konusunun popülerliğinden yararlanmak isteyen bu tarikat liderleri basına özellikle Jim Jones olayından sonra yansımıştır.

Bazı Yeni Çağ gruplarının "evrende yaşam" hakkındaki görüşleri

 Kimi Yeni Çağ (New Age) gruplarına göre, Tanrı'nın cansız bir evren yaratmış olması fikri kabul edilemez.
 Gökyüzünde gördüğümüz yıldızlar dünya insanlarının gökyüzüne süs olsun diye meydana getirilmiş olamazlar.
 Evrendeki en ileri ve en zeki varlığın dünya insanı olduğu inancı egosantrizmin son biçimlerinden biridir.

Dış bağlantılar

Dış bağlantılar (Türkçe)

 UFO'lar ve Ufoloji hakkında
 UFO resimleri
 Günlük gözlem rapor ve videoları
Ayrıca kimi çevrelerce, UFO'larla alakalı olduğu düşünülen Ekin çemberi örnekleri
 FBI ufo dosyaları
 Kayıt altına alınmış gözlemler

Dış bağlantılar (yabancı)
 Iri ufo video ve haber arşiv

 Uçan daire film ve fotoğrafları
 Birkaç uçan daire fotoğrafı
 Roswell olayı fotoğrafları-1
 Roswell olayı fotoğrafları-2
 Roswell olayı makalesi

Kaynakça

Ufoloji