Jürgen Grzesik (* 31. Januar 1929 in Düsseldorf; † 5. Oktober 2021 in Oberursel) war ein deutscher Pädagoge und Professor der Universität zu Köln.

Leben
Grzesik studierte von 1950 bis 1955 Philosophie, Germanistik und Geschichtswissenschaft in Bonn. 1955 legte er das erste und 1957 das zweite Staatsexamen in den Fächern Philosophie und Deutsch ab. Von 1957 bis 1965 war er Gymnasiallehrer an den Gymnasien Bayreuther- und Siegesstraße in Wuppertal.

1960 wurde er mit einer Arbeit über "Die Geschichtlichkeit als Wesensverfassung des Menschen. Eine Untersuchung zur Anthropologie Wilhelm Diltheys und Martin Heideggers." bei  Johannes Thyssen und  Gottfried Martin in Philosophie promoviert.

1965 erfolgte die Abordnung an das Pädagogische Seminar der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln. Mit einer Arbeit über "Planung des Literaturunterrichts. Grundlagen für die Praxis des Literaturunterrichts" habilitierte er sich 1973 in Pädagogik an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln und erhielt die Venia legendi. Von 1973 bis zu seiner Emeritierung 1994 war Jürgen Grzesik ordentlicher Professor am Pädagogischen Seminar der Universität zu Köln (Lehrstuhl für Unterrichts- und Curriculumtheorie).

Schriften

Monographien
 J. Grzesik: Die Geschichtlichkeit als Wesensverfassung des Menschen. - Eine Untersuchung zur Anthropologie Wilhelm Diltheys und Martin Heideggers. Phil. Diss., Bonn 1961.
 J. Grzesik (Hrsg.): Texte der Existenzphilosophie. Textband. München 1968. - Kommentarband. München 1971.
 J. Grzesik: Kritische Überlegungen zur Gymnasialdidaktik. Zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Bemühungen um eine allgemeine Didaktik des gymnasialen Unterrichts. (= Münsterische Beiträge zu pädagogischen Zeitfragen. 17). Münster 1968.
 J. Grzesik: Die Steuerung von Lernprozessen im Unterricht. Heidelberg 1976.
 J. Grzesik: Planung des Literaturunterrichts. Grundlagen für die Praxis der Unterrichtsvorbereitung. Kastellaun/ Saarbrücken 1976.
 J. Grzesik: Unterrichtsplanung. Eine Einführung in ihre Theorie und Praxis. Heidelberg 1979.
 J. Grzesik: Perspektiven für die weitere Entwicklung der gymnasialen Oberstufe. Bad Heilbrunn/Obb. 1984.
 J. Grzesik: Begriffe lernen und lehren. 2. Auflage. Stuttgart 1992.
 J. Grzesik: Textverstehen lernen und lehren - Geistige Operationen im Prozeß des Textverstehens und typische Methoden für die Schulung zum kompetenten Leser. 2. Auflage. Stuttgart 1996.
 J. Grzesik: Unterricht: Der Zyklus von Lehren und Lernen - Soziologische und psychologische Grundlegung. Praxis der Verständigung über Lerntätigkeiten. Stuttgart, Dresden 1994.
 J. Grzesik, E. Anhalt: Unterricht: Der Zyklus von Lehren und Lernen. - Soziologische und psychologische Grundlegung; Praxis der Verständigung über Lerntätigkeiten. Materialien: Quellentexte und Grafiken. Stuttgart, Dresden 1994.
 J. Grzesik: Was kann und soll Erziehung bewirken? Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der erzieherischen Beeinflussung. Münster 1998.
 J. Grzesik: Cognitive Operations in the reading process & Typical Methods for the training to the advanced reader. Saigon 2000. (Übersetzung des Textverstehensbuches von 1990 ins Koreanische).
 J. Grzesik: Operative Lerntheorie. Neurobiologie und Psychologie der Entwicklung des Menschen durch Selbstveränderung. Bad Heilbrunn/Obb. 2002.
 J. Grzesik: Effektiv lernen durch guten Unterricht. - Optimierung des Lernens im Unterricht durch systemgerechte Formen der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Lehrern und Schülern. Bad Heilbrunn OBB. 2002.
 J. Grzesik: Texte verstehen lernen.  - Neurobiologie und Psychologie der Entwicklung von Lesekompetenzen durch den Erwerb von textverstehenden Operationen. Münster/ New York/ München/ Berlin 2005.
 J. Grzesik: Die Kooperation von Aufmerksamkeit, Interesse, Intentionalität und kurzzeitigem Arbeitsgedächtnis. Psychologie und Neurologie des Prozessors der menschlichen Informationsverarbeitung und seiner Funktionen für Lernen, behalten und deren Beeinflussung. Leipzig 2009.
 J. Grzesik: Das deutsche Bildungssyndrom, Eine kritische Diagnose der Brauchbarkeit des Bildungsbegriffs. Hamburg 2016.

Empirische Untersuchungen
 J. Grzesik u. a.: Funktionale Analyse von Lehrhandlungen. Opladen 1977.
 J. Grzesik, P. Fleischhauer, N. Meder: Interaktions- und Leistungstypen im Literaturunterricht. - Eine handlungstheoretische Feldstudie unterrichtlicher Komplexität. Opladen 1982.
 J. Grzesik, M. Fischer: Was leisten Kriterien für die Aufsatzbeurteilung? - Theoretische, empirische und praktische Aspekte des Gebrauchs von Kriterien und der Mehrfachbeurteilung nach globalem ersten Eindruck. Opladen 1984.
 J. Grzesik, K.-H. Hahnengreß, A. Hermanns, R.-D. Precht, B.-A. Stegmann, K.-U. Wasmuth: Kann das Verstehen wissenschaftlicher Texte gelernt und gelehrt werden? - Ein Training von Fähigkeiten, theoretischen Textsinn mental zu modellieren. Münster 1998.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Pädagoge (20. Jahrhundert)
Pädagoge (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Universität zu Köln)
Sachbuchautor (Pädagogik und Psychologie)
Deutscher
Geboren 1929
Gestorben 2021
Mann

Jürgen Grzesik


An Geesinkorchis breviunguiculata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Shih C.Hsu, Gravend. ngan De Vogel. An Geesinkorchis breviunguiculata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Geesinkorchis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Sumatera. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Geesinkorchis

Geesinkorchis breviunguiculata


Shelley Long (born August 23, 1949) is an American actress, singer, and comedian. For her role as Diane Chambers on the hit sitcom Cheers, Long received five Emmy nominations, winning in 1983 for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. She also won two Golden Globe Awards for the role. Long reprised her role as Diane Chambers in three episodes of the spin-off Frasier, for which she received an additional guest star Emmy nomination. In 2009, she began playing the recurring role of DeDe Pritchett on the ABC comedy series Modern Family.

Long has also starred in several films including Night Shift (1982), Irreconcilable Differences (1984), The Money Pit (1986), Outrageous Fortune (1987), Hello Again (1987), Troop Beverly Hills (1989), The Brady Bunch Movie (1995), A Very Brady Sequel (1996), and Dr. T & the Women (2000).

Early life
Shelley Long was born on August 23, 1949, in Indian Village, Fort Wayne, Indiana. She is the only child of Ivadine (née Williams), a school teacher, and Leland Long who worked in the rubber industry before becoming a teacher. She was raised in the Presbyterian faith. She was active on her high school speech team, competing in the Indiana High School Forensic Association. In 1967, she won the National Forensic League's National Championship in Original Oratory.

After graduating from South Side High School in Fort Wayne, she studied drama at Northwestern University but left before graduating to pursue a career in acting and modeling. Her first job was at the university as a meal plan checker. She got her break as an actress when she began doing local commercials for Homemakers furniture store in the Chicago area.

Career

Early roles
In Chicago, Long joined The Second City comedy troupe. In 1975, she began writing, producing, and co-hosting the television program Sorting It Out on WMAQ-TV and went on to win three Regional Emmys for her work on the show. She also appeared in the 1970s in VO5 shampoo print advertisements and in commercials for Camay soap as well as more Homemakers furniture commercials. In 1978, she appeared in a vignette on The Love Boat.

In 1979, Long appeared in the television film The Cracker Factory as a psychiatric inmate. In the same year she guest starred on Family and Trapper John, M.D. In 1980 she appeared in her first feature film role in A Small Circle of Friends. The film about social unrest at Harvard University during the 1960s enjoyed a level of critical success. In 1981, she played the role of Tala in Caveman. She played Nurse Mendenhall in a 1979 episode of M*A*S*H. In 1982, she starred as Belinda, the good-natured prostitute neighbor of the character portrayed by Henry Winkler in Ron Howard's comedy Night Shift (also co-starring Michael Keaton), and starred with Tom Cruise in Losin' It (1983). She was offered the role of Mary, the mother in Steven Spielberg's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, but turned it down because she had already signed on to appear in Night Shift.

Cheers
Although she had already been in feature films, Long became famous for her role in the long-running television sitcom Cheers as the character Diane Chambers, who has a tempestuous on-and-off relationship with Sam Malone. The show was slow to capture an audience but eventually became one of the more popular on the air. Amid some controversy, Long left Cheers after season five in 1987.

In the Cheers biography documentary, co-star Ted Danson admitted there was tension between them but "never at a personal level and always at a work level" due to their different modes of working. He also stated that Long was much more similar to her TV character than she might have liked to admit, but also said that her performances often "carried the show." Long said in later interviews that it did not occur to her, when deciding to leave, that she was going to "sabotage a show" and she felt confident that the rest of the cast could continue without her.

In a 2003 interview with Graham Norton, Long said she left for a variety of reasons, the most important of which was her desire to spend more time with her toddler daughter. In a 2007 interview on Australian television, Long said Danson was "a delight to work with" and talked of her love for co-star Nicholas Colasanto ("Coach"), who was "one of my closest friends on set". She said she left the show because she "didn't want to keep doing the same episode over and over again and the same story. I didn't want it to become old and stale." She went on to say that "working at Cheers was a dream come true...it was one of the most satisfying experiences of my life. So, yes, I missed it, but I never regretted that decision."

Film
While appearing on Cheers Long continued to appear in motion pictures. In 1984, she was nominated for a Best Leading Actress Golden Globe for her performance in Irreconcilable Differences. She also starred in the comedies The Money Pit and Outrageous Fortune. She was offered lead roles in Working Girl, Jumpin' Jack Flash, and My Stepmother Is an Alien but did not accept them.

On August 12, 1986, Long signed a production agreement with The Walt Disney Studios through Itsbinso Long Inc. to produce three films for the Walt Disney Pictures and Touchstone Films labels.

Post-Cheers projects
Long's first post-Cheers project was Hello Again, a comedy about a housewife who is brought back from the dead. This was followed by Troop Beverly Hills, a comedy about another housewife who takes leadership of a 'Wilderness Girl' troop to bond with her daughter and distract herself from divorce proceedings. Neither film was successful with critics or at the box office.

In 1990, Long returned to television for the fact-based miniseries Voices Within: The Lives of Truddi Chase. She received critical praise for the role, which required her to portray nearly 20 personalities. This introduced her to more dramatic roles in TV films, after which she starred in several more throughout the 1990s.

Major feature film roles followed such as the romantic comedy Don't Tell Her It's Me with Jami Gertz and Steve Guttenberg and Frozen Assets, a comedy about a sperm bank, which reunited her with Hello Again co-star Corbin Bernsen.

In 1992, she starred in Fatal Memories: The Eileen Franklin Story, a veridical television drama about a woman who remembers the childhood trauma of being raped by her father and his cronies, and witnessing him murder her childhood friend to prevent the child from "telling on him." The still-controversial "recovered memories" basis for the prosecution resulted in the conviction and sentencing of life imprisonment of George Franklin, a conviction that was later overturned.

Long starred in the 1992 film A Message from Holly with Lindsay Wagner. Long plays a workaholic who finds out that her best friend has cancer and only six months to live, then stays with her in her last months.

In 1993, the actress returned to Cheers for its series finale, and picked up another Emmy nomination for her return as Diane. She also starred in the sitcom Good Advice with Treat Williams and Teri Garr, a show that lasted two seasons. She later resurfaced as Diane in several episodes of the Kelsey Grammer spinoff series Frasier, for which she was nominated for another Emmy Award.

Later work
Long appeared as Carol Brady in the 1995 hit film The Brady Bunch Movie which is a campy take of the popular television show. In 1996, she reprised her role in A Very Brady Sequel which had modest success, and a 2002 television film sequel—The Brady Bunch in the White House. Some ventures followed including the TV remake of Freaky Friday and the family sitcom Kelly Kelly, which only lasted for a few episodes. She played the Wicked Witch of the Beanstalk in a 1998 episode of Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.

In 1999, she starred in another television film Vanished Without a Trace, about a woman who refuses to accept the kidnapping of her 13-year-old daughter and relentlessly pursues the villain's capture (not to be confused with the 1993 film of the same name about the 1976 Chowchilla kidnapping.) In 2000, she appeared as one of the women in the Richard Gere film Dr. T & the Women, directed by Robert Altman. She later returned for a third go-around playing Carol Brady in the television film The Brady Bunch in the White House.

Long guest-starred in several TV shows such as 8 Simple Rules, Yes Dear, Strong Medicine, and Boston Legal. She had a recurring role on the popular ABC sitcom Modern Family as DeDe Pritchett, the ex-wife of Jay Pritchett. She starred in television films, including Falling in Love with the Girl Next Door and Holiday Engagement. In 2012, she made a guest appearance on Switched at Birth. In 2016, Long produced and acted in the feature film Different Flowers.

Personal life
Long's first marriage, to Ken Solomon, ended in divorce in the 1970s after only
a few years. In 1979 she met her second husband, Bruce Tyson, a securities broker. They married in 1981 and had a daughter, Juliana. Long and Tyson separated in 2003 and divorced in 2004.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1949 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
Actors from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Actresses from Indiana
American film actresses
American sketch comedians
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American women comedians
Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Living people
Northwestern University School of Communication alumni
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners

Shelley Long


Sharon Kovacs ()  mai bine cunoscută sub numele ei de familie Kovacs este o interpretă neerlandeză de muzică Soul și R&B. În august 2014 s-a lansat cu piesa My Love devenind prin aceasta renumită.

Biografie
Kovacs a studiat la Rock City Institute în Eindhoven absolvind studiile în 2013. Împreună cu Oscar Holleman a pregătit în 2014 primul ei EP (extended play) My Love, pe care l-a înregistrat în Havana (Cuba) care conține și piesa My Love. Această piesă a ajuns în august 2014 în Tipparade-ul neerlandez. La 1 iunie 2014 i s-a acordat de către postul de radio NPO 3FM titlul 3FM Serious Talent.  În 2014 a participat la mai multe Festivaluri de muzică, printre care North Sea Jazz Festival în Lowlands și A Campingflight to Lowlands Paradise.

În albumul Vergeten liedjes voor vergeten kinderen, care cuprinde interpretările a optsprezece artiști și care au donat toate încasările Crucii Roși Internaționale, Kovacs interpretează piesa Song for Joel.

Discografie

Albume
 Shades of Black (2015)
 Cheap smell (2018)

Singles
 My Love (2014)
 Diggin' (2015)
 The Devil You Know (2015)
 Sugar pill (2017)
 Snake charmer (2019)
 Crazy (2019)
 Mata hari (2020
 Tutti frutti tequila (2021)

Referințe

Legături externe
 Website

Oameni în viață
Cântăreți neerlandezi

Sharon Kovacs


Oramiral koramiral ve büyük amiral arasında bulunan rütbedir. NATO kodu OF-9'dur. Kara kuvvetlerindeki karşılığı Orgeneraldir.

Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri
Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde büyükamiralden önceki en yüksek rütbedir. Görev süreleri 4 yıldır. TSK Personel Kanunu uyarınca yalnızca muharip sınıf mensubu amiraller (kurmay subay olmaları şartıyla birlikte) oramiral rütbesine yükselebilirler.

Rütbeler

Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri

Diğer ülkeler

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türk oramiraller listesi
 Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri subay rütbe dereceleri ve işaretleri

Askerî rütbeler

Oramiral


Ian Harvey ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Ian Harvey (Politiker) (1914–1987), britischer Politiker
 Ian Harvey (Cricketspieler) (* 1972), australischer Cricketspieler
 Ian Harvey (Biathlet) (* 1967), US-amerikanischer Biathlet

Ian Harvey


Maria Katinari (Yunanca: Μαρία Κατινάρη) Yunanistan'ın Hanya şehrinde doğdu. Yunan şarkıcıdır Rebetiko ve Laiko müziği dalında birçok şarkıyı seslendirmiştir.

Babası Antonios Katinaris da bir rebetiko ve Laiko müziği şarkıcısıdır.

Dış bağlantılar
 https://web.archive.org/web/20061205052943/http://katinari.net/
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070310191922/http://www.katinari.net/html/mp3.html mp3-müziği

Yunan kadın şarkıcılar
Hanya doğumlular
Rebetiko
Yaşayan insanlar

Maria Katinari


Care.com er et aktieselskab med hovedkvarter i Waltham, Massachusetts (lige udenfor Boston), der hjælper familier med at finde børnepasning, ældrepleje, handikaphjælp, lektiehjælp, kæledyrspasning og hjælp til de huslige opgaver. Care.com har 22 millioner brugere spredt over 19 lande , tiltrækker 6,4 millioner unikke besøgende hver måned og der bliver i gennemsnit oprettet et nyt jobopslag på siden hvert 30. sekund. Care.com har rejst 111 millioner USD i venturekapital og blev børsnoteret den 24. januar 2014..

Historie
Sheila Lirio Marcelo kom på ideen til Care.com da hun havde svært ved at finde børnepasning til sit første barn.  Oveni dette fik hendes far et hjertetilfælde. Foruden problemerne med at finde børnepasning oplevede hun nu også problemer med at finde pleje til sin far.  Susan Chaityn Lebovits, "Tapping Web of caregivers, Boston Globe, December 9, 2007.
Da Care.com gik i luften i 2007 hjalp virksomheden medlemmer med at finde børnepassere, lektiehjælpere, kæledyrspassere og ældreplejere. Senere udvidede Care.com sig til også at omfatte handikaphjælp og hjælp til de huslige opgaver.  Dan Kaplan, "Care.com, a one-stop shop for child, pet, and elderly care, "VentureBeat, August 1, 2007.  Før Care.com var Sheila Marcelo med til at starte siden Upromise og var vicepræsident og administrerende direktør af TheLadders.com.

Brugen af siden
Er man på udkig efter børnepasning, ældrepleje, handikaphjælp, lektiehjælp, kæledyrspasning eller hjælp til de huslige opgaver skal man starte med at oprette en profil. Dernæst kan man oprette et jobopslag, der specificerer præcist det, man søger. Foruden dette, kan også søge blandt jobsøgende, der ligeledes har oprettet en profil på siden. For at kunne besvare henvendelser på jobopslag, samt kontakte de jobsøgere man selv har søgt sig frem til, skal man oprette et egentligt medlemskab Kyle Alspach, "Care.com sets IPO share range at $ 14- $ 16; could raise up to $ 86m. "'' Boston Business Journal ', 10 januar, 2014 .

Vækst
Care.com gjorde indtog i Storbritannien i april 2012, og senere samme år blev der også ekspanderet til Canada.  I juli 2012 opkøbte Care.com det tyske 'Besser Betreut GmbH' og ekspanderede derved til yderligere 15 lande, heriblandt Danmark og Sverige.

Referencer

Etableret i 2007
Virksomheder fra USA

Care.com


Beyond the Sea peti je studijski album španjolskog simfonijskog metal sastava Dark Moor. Objavljen je 28. veljače 2005. godine, a objavila ga je diskografska kuća Arise Records.

Prvi je album na kojem bas-gitaru svira Dani Fernández. Pjesma "Beyond the Sea" također se pojavila na kompilaciji za uspomenu na producenta Big Simona.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Dark Moor
Alfred Romero - vokali, akustična gitara
Enrik García - gitara, orkestracija, grubi vokali
Daniel Fernández - bas-gitara
Andy C. - bubnjevi, klavir

Dodatni glazbenici
Dobrin Ionela - zborski vokali
Mamen Castaño - zborski vokali
Nacho Ruiz - zborski vokali
José Garrido - zborski vokali
Kiko Hagall - zborski vokali
Marcial Ortiz - zborski vokali
Juan Vidal - zborski vokali
Elena Canales - zborski vokali
Lucia Ribera - zborski vokali
Tina Alonso - zborski vokali
Yolanda Alonso - zborski vokali

Ostalo osoblje
Francisco José García - tekstovi (pjesme 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11)
Luigi Stefanini - produciranje, miksanje, inženjering, mastering
Enrik García - produciranje
Derek Gores - omot albuma
Diana Alvarez - fotografija
Big Simon - snimanje, miksanje

Izvori

Albumi iz 2005.
Albumi sastava Dark Moor

Beyond the Sea


The Council of State () is a body established by the Constitution of Ireland to advise the President of Ireland in the exercise of many of their discretionary, reserve powers. It also has authority to provide for the temporary exercise of the duties of the president if these cannot be exercised by either the president or the Presidential Commission (an eventuality that is very unlikely to occur, since it would require the simultaneous absence of the President and two members of the three-member Commission).

Members
The Council of State consists of a number of government officials, who sit , as well as certain former office holders and up to seven individuals of the president's own choosing. The  members comprise the attorney general as well as individuals from each of three branches of government: legislature, executive and judiciary.

Unlike most of the president's other duties, which must be conducted in accordance with the advice of the cabinet, the seven presidential appointees to the Council of State are chosen at the president's absolute discretion. These appointees retain their positions until the president's successor takes office.

The Constitution explicitly states that members appointed by the President may resign, or be dismissed by the President. Former office holders are members if "able and willing to act as a member", which implies an ability to resign; but there is no provision for dismissing them. When the McCracken Tribunal found in 1997 that former Taoiseach Charles Haughey had misled the Tribunal, there were calls for him to formally resign from the Council of State. He did not do so, although he sent his regrets to subsequent meetings of the council until his death.

Members of the Council of State may be excused from jury duty.

The Constitution specifies a declaration of office, "in the presence of Almighty God", which a new member must take before attending an official meeting. Tánaiste Éamon Gilmore, a declared agnostic, sought legal advice before attending the 2013 Council meeting. The 1996 Constitutional Review Group recommended making the religious part optional.

Role
Before exercising any reserve power but one, the President is required to seek the advice of the Council of State, although not required to follow its advice. The one exception, where the President has "absolute discretion", is in deciding to refuse a dissolution to a Taoiseach who has lost the confidence of the Dáil. The remaining discretionary powers, which do require prior consultation with the Council of State, are as follows (for a detailed description of the president's reserve powers see: President of Ireland#Discretionary powers):
 Convening a meeting of either or both Houses of the Oireachtas
 Addressing the Oireachtas
 Addressing the Nation
 Establishing a committee of privileges to resolve a dispute between the Houses over a putative money bill
 Abridging the time for considering a bill in the Seanad
 Referring a bill to the Supreme Court to test its Constitutionality
 Referring a bill to the people for an "ordinary referendum"

The draft of the Constitution gave more powers to the Council of State. Article 13 allows additional powers to be given to the President acting on the advice of the Government; originally, it was the advice of the Council of State that was to be required. Article 14 provides for a Presidential Commission as the collective vice-presidency of the state when the President is absent; originally the Council of State was to fill this function. Nevertheless, under Article 14.4 of the constitution the Council of State, acting by a majority of its members, has authority to "make such provision as to them may seem meet" for the exercise of the duties of the president in any contingency the constitution does not foresee. This provision has never been invoked.

The Third Amendment of the Constitution Bill, 1958, which was defeated at a referendum, gave a role for the Council of State in the work of an envisaged constituency boundary commission.

Close to the time of its inception, the Council of State was likened to a privy council, although Jim Duffy calls this "more apparent than real" as it has no legislative or judicial functions. Gemma Hussey, who was a member of the Council of State in 1989–90, described it as "largely a symbolic body". Actress Siobhán McKenna, appointed to the council by Patrick Hillery, suggested in the 1980s that the Council approach Ronald Reagan regarding the Troubles in Northern Ireland; Hillery's secretary remarked there was "no point in trying to explain" to McKenna that the council had no role in such matters.

Meetings
Working meetings called by the President for consultation under the terms of the Constitution are rare, though less so since the election of Mary Robinson in 1990. Four meetings have related to an address the Oireachtas, which requires the approval of the Government as well as the consultation of the Council of State. All other meetings have been to advise the President about whether to refer a bill to the Supreme Court.

Meetings are held in Áras an Uachtaráin. Members arrive 15 minutes before the meeting starts, and are served light refreshments in the Council of State Room. At the first meeting of the Council in Mary McAleese's first term, there was a photocall in the State Reception Rooms. The council's deliberations are held in camera, as for cabinet meetings, though there is no explicit requirement for confidentiality. The Irish Times obtained details of a 1984 meeting from an unnamed attendee, while James Dooge discussed a 1976 meeting years later with journalist Stephen Collins. A 2019 legal request for records of 1999 and 2002 council meetings was rejected by the Supreme Court in 2022 on the grounds that the President's constitutional immunity from judicial scrutiny extended to the Council of State. Members are seated in order of precedence in the Presidents' Room around a 1927 dining table purchased by President de Valera in 1961. The Secretary-General to the President serves as clerk to the council. The Council does not offer collective advice; the President asks each member in turn to comment, and further discussion may involve several members. No vote or show of hands is taken.

Apart from the Council of State's official meetings, its members are invited to important state functions, such as state funerals, the National Day of Commemoration, and the inauguration of the next President. The first President, Douglas Hyde, dined monthly with the members of his Council of State. The seven new presidential nominees of Mary McAleese's second term were introduced at a luncheon in the Áras the month after their appointment. Campaigning in the 1990 presidential election, Mary Robinson promised to have meetings of the Council regularly rather than on "an emergency basis".

Addresses to the Oireachtas

Referring of bills
In some cases, the President has decided to sign the bill (thereby enacting it) without referring it to the Supreme Court; in other cases, the President has referred the bill (or sections of it) and the court has upheld its constitutionality; and in other cases the Court has found some or all of the referred portions to be unconstitutional. It is not revealed whether some or all members of the Council of State counselled for or against the President's course of action.

Jim Duffy in 1991 criticised the lack of supporting resources for members of the council; at meetings they were provided only with a copy of the Constitution. By contrast, prior to the 2013 meeting to discuss the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill, a dossier of background information was sent to each member, including legal briefs and news reports.

Although the serving Chief Justice is a member of the council, by convention they do not get involved in substantive discussions on the bill, as they will be involved in the deliberations if the bill does get referred. Therefore, retired Chief Justices and the President of the High Court play a greater role in the discussion. The 2013 meeting was the first at which two serving members of the Supreme Court were present, as John Murray is an ex-Chief Justice but was then an ordinary member of the Court, the first such since the term of the Chief Justice was limited to seven years in 1997.

See also
 :Category:Members of the Council of State (Ireland)
 Council of State
 Privy Council of Ireland

References

Footnotes

External links

Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Office of the President of Ireland

Council of State (Ireland)


El término Fiorella o Fiorela es de origen italiano y el significado del nombre es florecita o flor pequeña; puede referirse a:

 Fiorella Aíta, exjugadora de voleibol peruana.
 Fiorella Bonicelli, tenista uruguaya.
 Fiorella Cayo, cantante, bailarina y actriz peruana.
 Fiorella Corimberto, balonmanista argentina.
 Fiorella Díaz, actriz y presentadora peruana.
 Fiorella D'Croz Brusatin, deportista colombiana de Triatlón.
 Fiorella Faltoyano, actriz española.
 Fiorella Flores, actriz y modelo peruana.
 Fiorella Mannoia, cantante italiana.
 Fiorella Mattheis, actriz, modelo y presentadora brasileña.
 Fiorella Migliore, modelo, actriz, conductora y reina de belleza paraguaya.
 Fiorella Molinelli, economista y política peruana.
 Fiorella Rodríguez, actriz y conductora peruana.
 Fiorella Sargenti, periodista y conductora argentina.
 Fiorela Duranda, actriz argentina.

Enlaces externos
 Origen y significado del nombre Fiorella.

Nombres italianos
Nombres femeninos

Fiorella


Un garçon et un prêtre est le deuxième épisode de la vingt-deuxième saison de la série télévisée d'animation américaine South Park. Le 289e épisode en tout de la série, il a été diffusé sur Comedy Central aux États-Unis le 3 octobre 2018.

L'épisode fait référence aux cas d'abus sexuels de l'Église catholique, qui ont déjà été abordés dans Les cathos, c'est chaud.

Synopsis
Alors que les familles de South Park se réunissent à l'église le dimanche, Stan Marsh se demande pourquoi il doit y aller chaque semaine. Ses parents, Randy et Sharon, l'exhortent sur l'importance du rituel et disent qu'ils se sentent toujours mieux après chaque service. À l'église, le père Maxi a du mal à prononcer son sermon au milieu de toutes les interruptions constantes des membres de la congrégation qui font des blagues concernant les cas d'abus sexuels dans l'Église catholique. Butters Stotch tente de consoler Maxi, lui racontant comment il avait été ridiculisé à l'école, mais jouit maintenant d'une plus grande popularité. L'encourageant à ne pas donner à ses bourreaux la satisfaction de se recroqueviller dans la honte, il invite Maxi à une soirée jeux de société avec ses amis chez Stan, mais l'apparition de Maxi là-bas suscite plus de ridicule de la part de Randy, qui trouve la scène d'un prêtre catholique assis avec cinq garçons digne d'une photo sur les réseaux sociaux. Lorsqu'un Maxi embarrassé part, Butters le poursuit, pour lui dire qu'il était lui-même autrefois comme le père Maxi, Butters l'implore de ne pas se laisser intimider par la cruauté des autres et d'être simplement lui-même.

En conséquence, Maxi passe plus de temps à socialiser avec Butters et néglige ses devoirs, au point que les fidèles trouvent les portes de l'église verrouillées le dimanche suivant. Lorsque M. Mackey alerte l'archidiocèse de Denver qu'"un autre" prêtre a disparu de sa paroisse, le diocèse envoie une équipe de nettoyage composée de responsables de l'église ordonnés pour nettoyer à fond l'église de South Park, la maison de Stan et tout autre endroit où le père Maxi a été, afin d'éliminer les traces de pédophilie, en particulier le sperme. Lors de la fête d'anniversaire de Clyde Donovan à une patinoire, Butters amène Maxi, à la grande colère de Clyde, qui ne veut pas de prêtre à sa fête. Un Maxi démoralisé part avec Butters, et lui avoue plus tard qu'il y a quelque temps, il a appris l'étendue du problème des abus sexuels de l'Église catholique, et que c'était pire qu'on ne le pensait (comme on le voit dans l'épisode Les cathos, c'est chaud). Lorsque l'équipe de nettoyage apparaît à la patinoire et apprend que Maxi était là avec Butters, ils kidnappent Stan et Clyde, et après avoir retrouvé Butters, ils le kidnappent également.

L'équipe de nettoyage emmène les trois garçons dans les bois, où ils ont déployé une surfaceuse à glace Zamboni modifiée pour nettoyer le sperme, ou "Kumboni". Le père Maxi traque et confronte l'équipe de nettoyage, leur disant de faire ce qu'ils veulent de lui, mais d'épargner les enfants. Surpris, l'évêque responsable dit qu'ils ne sont pas là pour le tuer, mais pour dissimuler ses crimes et lui délivrer un transfert aux Maldives, comme l'Église l'a toujours fait avec les prêtres accusés de pédophilie. Lorsqu'ils lui assurent que d'autres prêtres prendront sa place à South Park, le père Maxi utilise le Kumboni pour piétiner à mort l'équipe de nettoyage. Il retourne à son poste à l'église de South Park, prononçant ses sermons et endurant calmement les blagues continues aux dépens de l'Église.

Accueil
Jesse Schedeen avec IGN a évalué l'épisode à 8,2 sur 10, résumant dans sa critique " South Park de cette semaine a offert une meilleure idée de la façon dont la nouvelle saison se distinguera. L'idée de regarder en arrière une décennie ou plus pour revisiter les épisodes classiques de South Park est définitivement attrayante, et j'espère que ce ne sera pas la dernière fois que nous verrons cette approche dans la saison 22."

John Hugor avec The AV Club a noté l'épisode un B+ et a terminé sa critique en déclarant: "Cet épisode n'est pas un classique de tous les temps comme Les cathos, c'est chaud, mais tout comme l'épisode de la semaine dernière, il a traité un sujet sombre et difficile avec le mélange approprié d'irrévérence et d'empathie. Trey et Matt assument clairement leur rôle de commentateurs sociaux, et jusqu'à présent, les résultats ont été très gratifiants."

L'épisode a été dénoncé par la Ligue catholique pour les droits religieux et civils. Cependant, la critique n'était pas de jeter l'Église catholique sous un jour négatif, mais de dépeindre les prêtres catholiques accusés d'inconduite comme agressant de jeunes enfants au lieu d'adolescents.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 "Communiqué de presse de l'épisode 2202" Les garçons manquent "" . Studios du parc du sud. 1 octobre 2018

Épisode de South Park, saison 22
Abus sexuels dans les ordres et sociétés catholiques

Un garçon et un prêtre


Miñnullin Tufan Ğabdulla ulı, gewöhnlich nur Tufan Miñnullin (, , Tufan Abdullowitsch Minnulin; * 25. August 1935 in Bolschoje Meretkosino im Rajon Kamsko-Ustjinskiij; † 2. Mai 2012 in Kasan), war ein russisch-tatarischer Autor und Drehbuchautor. Er war seit 1990 Mitglied des Staatsrates der Republik Tatarstan.

Tufan Miñnullin studierte an der Schtschepkin-Theaterschule in Moskau und arbeitete als Schauspieler am Menzelinsk-Theater. Ab 1962 hatte er Erfolg als Autor für Theaterstücke.

Von 1984 bis 1989 leitete er den Vorstand der Union der Schriftsteller von Tatarstan.

Zwischen 1989 und 1991 saß Miñnullin als Abgeordneter im Volksdeputiertenkongress der Sowjetunion. Zudem gehörte er dem Obersten Sowjet der UdSSR an. Seit 1996 war Miñnullin Mitglied im P.E.N.-Club.

Weblinks
 Nachruf (russisch)
 Nachruf (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Abgeordneter (Oberster Sowjet der UdSSR)
Abgeordneter im Parlament eines russischen Föderationssubjekts
Autor
Drehbuchautor
Literatur (Tatarisch)
Tatare
Russe
Geboren 1935
Gestorben 2012
Mann

Tufan Miñnullin


ترلوك  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة ستانيسلاوس، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 15 فبراير، 1908.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لترلوك:

أعلام

 جوستين غراهام
 جوناثان كوين
 إس. إس. كوك
 جون بوردمان
 ديف ستيفنز
 نيت كوستا
 ليو توماس

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1899
أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1908
تأسيسات سنة 1908 في كاليفورنيا
ترلوك (كاليفورنيا)
ثقافة أمريكية آشورية في كاليفورنيا
مدن في مقاطعة ستانيسلوس (كاليفورنيا)
مدن كاليفورنيا

ترلوك


Futlama caracteriza-se por ser uma prática de futebol, jogado às margens do rio Amazonas, na cidade de Macapá. O futlama é vivenciado em solo enlameado, no momento da vazante da maré, sem clara demarcação do espaço de jogo. A prática se transformou em esporte e hoje conta com uma federação e um campeonato estadual, realizado entre agosto e outubro. A Federação Amapaense de Futlama (FEAFLA) foi fundada em 27 de agosto de 2007.

O futlama foi transformado em Patrimônio Cultural e Imaterial de Macapá através da Lei 2454/2021, de autoria do vereador Alexandre Azevedo, sancionada pelo prefeito Antônio Furlan em maio deste ano.

História
O futlama começou de forma casual, quando amigos se reuniam aos fins de semana para jogar peladas na beira do rio, na década de 1990. Antes mesmo de ter bola, as pessoas de gerações passadas utilizavam a aninga, uma planta aquática encontrada na beira do rio Amazonas e que servia como bola.
Os times têm nomes que homenageiam termos regionais: O "Tralhoto" e o "Carataí" em homenagem a peixes da região amazônica, os pássaros "Tico-tico" e "Beija-flor", "Pau-ferro" e "Maçaranduba", nomes de madeiras nativas, são alguns deles.

Fundamentos
As regras são as mesmas do futsal. Apenas o escanteio é diferente, pois pode ser cobrado tanto com os pés quanto com as mãos.

Bibliografia

 Alberto, Á. A. D., Hack, C., da Pureza, D. Y., Montenegro, G. M., & da Cunha, W. M. (2019). Esporte e Lazer: Uma Trajetória das Leis Municipais em Macapá. LICERE-Revista do Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer, 22(4), 42-65.

Ligações externas

Variantes do futebol
Introduções em 1990
Patrimônio cultural do Amapá
Desportos coletivos
Desportos com bola
Esporte de Macapá

Futlama


Margrét Lára Viðarsdóttir (født 25. juli 1986) er en islandsk tidligere fodboldspiller, angribsspiller, der senest spillede Valur i den islandske Úrvalsdeild. Hun spillede også for Islands kvindefodboldlandshold og har rekorden som den spiller der gennem alle tider har scoret flest mål for landsholdet. Hun spillede for Island til europamesterskaberne i 2009 og 2013. I hendes klubkarriere har hun bl.a. spillet for ÍBV og Valur i Úrvalsdeild, Duisburg og Turbine Potsdam i den tyske Bundesliga og for Linköpings og Kristianstads DFF i den svenske Damallsvenskan.

Margrét Lára er storesøster til Elísa Viðarsdóttir, som også spiller for det islandske landshold.

Margrét Lára Viðarsdóttir kunne ikke være med i Islands trup til EM 2017 i Holland fordi hun pådrog sig en skade på korsbåndet, som blev revet over under en fodboldkamp, i maj 2017.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra Island
Kvindelige fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra Island

Margrét Lára Viðarsdóttir


Biserica de lemn cu hramul "Sfântul Mare Mucenic Gheorghe" din Horăști, oraș Motru, județul Gorj, a fost construită în 1878. Biserica se află pe lista monumentelor istorice sub codul LMI: .

Istoric și trăsături
În hotarul satului Vrabeți a fost ridicată de locuitorii acestuia și de vecinii din Horăști o biserică de lemn în hramul Sfântul Gheorghe, ce a fost sfințită în data de 30 iulie 1812, fapt consemnat pe filele unui Octoih. Satul Vrabeți nu mai există, perimetrul său a fost înglobat la Horăști, la mijlocul secolului trecut din el mai rămăseseră doar două case și biserica, care a fost reconstruită, tot din lemn, între anii 1878-1886. Costurile au fost suportate de Mihalache R. Cernăianu (ctitorul principal) și de enoriașii din localitate. Tâmpla a fost pictată de zugravul M.I.Stăiculescu din Strehaia.

Între anii 1974-1975 s-au făcut lucrări de reparații capitale, urmate de repictarea bisericii, în tehnica "frescă", de către pictorul Ioan Gogan din Valea Perilor, între anii 1976-1977.

Pereții, de mici dimensiuni, înscriu o navă dreptunghiulară și un altar retras, poligonal, cu cinci laturi.

Prispa, de pe latura de vest, are fruntarii cu crestături în acolade, iar stâlpii (baluștrii) sunt lucrați la strung.

La vest de biserică există o clopotniță separată, confecționată pe schelet metalic.

Note

Bibliografie
Studii regionale

Vezi și
 Horăști, Gorj

Legături externe
 Monumente istorice din România Fișă de monument

Imagini din exterior

Horăști
Monumente istorice din județul Gorj
Biserici din secolul al XIX-lea din România
Biserici cu hramul Sfântul Gheorghe

Biserica de lemn din Horăști


Macrocoma saudica é uma espécie de escaravelho de folha da Arábia Saudita e Egipto, descritos por Medvedev em 1996.

Referências

saudica
Coleópteros da Arábia Saudita
Coleópteros do Egito
Coleópteros descritos em 1996

Macrocoma saudica


An Typhonium bognerianum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jin Murata ngan Sookchaloem. An Typhonium bognerianum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Typhonium, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Thailand. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Typhonium

Typhonium bognerianum


The Cinerama Dome is a movie theater located at 6360 Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, California. Designed to exhibit widescreen Cinerama films, it opened November 7, 1963. The original developer was William R. Forman, founder of Pacific Theatres. The Cinerama Dome continued as a leading first-run theater, most recently as part of the ArcLight Hollywood complex, until it closed temporarily in March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in California. The ArcLight chain closed permanently in April 2021, with the theater never having reopened. In June 2022, it was announced that there are plans to reopen it and the former ArcLight Hollywood under a new name, Cinerama Hollywood.

History
In February 1963, Cinerama Inc. unveiled a radically new design for theaters that would show its movies. They would be based on the geodesic dome developed by R. Buckminster Fuller, would cost half as much as conventional theaters of comparable size, and could be built in half the time. Cinerama's goal was to see at least 600 built worldwide within two years. The following April, Pacific Theatres Inc. announced plans to build the first theater based upon the design, and had begun razing existing buildings at the construction site. Located on Sunset near Vine Street, it would be the first new major motion-picture theater in Hollywood in 33 years and would be completed in time for the scheduled November 2 press premiere of It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. The design was proposed by French architect Pierre Cabrol, lead designer in the noted architectural firm of Welton Becket and Associates. Pierre Cabrol worked with R. Buckminster Fuller during his studies at MIT.

Pacific Theatres founder, William R. Forman, announced the construction of the Cinerama Dome in July 1963 at a star-studded, ground-breaking ceremony where Spencer Tracy, Buddy Hackett, Mickey Rooney, Dick Shawn, Edie Adams, and Dorothy Provine donned hard hats, and, with picks and shovels, began construction. Forman had committed to United Artists that the theatre would be ready for the November 7, 1963, world premiere of the first movie filmed in the new 70mm, single-strip Cinerama process, Stanley Kramer's It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, World. Working around the clock, the entire construction spanned only 16 weeks. The Cinerama Dome is the only concrete geodesic dome in the world. The theatre is made up of 316 individual hexagonal and pentagonal shapes in 16 different sizes. Each of these pieces is approximately  across and weighs around . The theatre also has design elements such as a loge section with stadium seating, architecturally significant floating stairways, and, at the time of its opening, the largest contoured motion-picture screen in the world, measuring  high and  wide, with a maximum aspect ratio of 2.69:1.

The It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World premiere (filmed in Ultra Panavision 70) marked the dawn of "single lens" Cinerama. Previously, Cinerama was known for its groundbreaking three-projector process. From 1963 until 2002, the Cinerama Dome never showed movies with the three-projector process. (The nearby Warner Cinerama at 6433 Hollywood Boulevard used the three-projector process until December 1964.) A unique "rectified" print was made with increased anamorphic compression towards the sides, which compensated for distortions that would otherwise be induced by Cinerama's deeply curved screen.

21st century
In 2002, after a two-year closure, the Cinerama Dome was reopened as a part of Pacific Theatres' ArcLight Hollywood complex. The dome remains essentially unchanged, though there have been improvements, notably, in the acoustics. But for the first time ever, the Cinerama Dome began showing movies in the three-projector format. It is one of only three such theaters in the world.

The Cinerama Dome made its digital projection debut in May 2005 with Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. In 2009, James Cameron's Avatar was the first 3D film to be shown in the Cinerama Dome, using technology from XpanD 3D.

In December 2015, the Cinerama Dome upgraded to a laser-projection system, using two Christie 6P projectors and Dolby 3D. The venue is still capable of both 35mm and 70mm-film projection.

In April 2021, the parent company of Pacific Theatres announced that it would not be reopening any of its locations, including the Cinerama Dome, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Later in the year, it was reported that a permit had been filed with provisions for a bar and restaurant.

In June 2022, it was reported that Decurion Corp. has plans to reopen the theater under the name Cinerama Hollywood along with the adjoining fourteen-screen multiplex. There are also plans to include two bars and a restaurant at the location. Three months later, it was reported that the theater would not be reopening until at least the latter part of 2023; however, in May 2023, it was reported that it was delayed once again to the latter part of 2024.

Preservation
With its  wide screen, advanced acoustics and 70mm film capability, the Cinerama Dome remained a favorite for film premieres and "event" showings. But by the late 1990s, the motion picture exhibition business began to favor multiplex cinemas, and Pacific Theatres proposed a plan to remodel the Dome as a part of a shopping mall/cinema complex. Historical preservationists were outraged, not wishing to see another great theater turned into a multiplex or destroyed. At the same time, a small contingent of Cinerama enthusiasts had begun resurrecting the three-projector process. They and the preservationists prevailed upon Pacific to rethink its plans for the property.

The preservation of the Cinerama Dome came at a time when most other surviving Cinerama theaters were being demolished. An example of this was the case of the Indian Hills Theater in Omaha, Nebraska, a round Cinerama theater boasting a 110-foot screen that was razed in 2001 to make room for a parking lot.

The Cinerama Dome was declared a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1998.

In popular culture
One of the earliest appearances of the Cinerama Dome was in the 1968 B movie crime drama Girl in Gold Boots during a montage of the main characters arriving in Los Angeles. (The movie was later shown as a feature presentation in a 1999 episode of the comedy series Mystery Science Theater 3000.)

The Cinerama Dome appears in the 1977 film Hollywood High.  It is screening Logan's Run.

The Cinerama Dome is shown being destroyed by the Cylons in the TV series Galactica 1980.

The Cinerama Dome was featured in the 2008 film Frost/Nixon directed by Ron Howard in the scene recreating the Hollywood premiere of the Sherman Brothers' 1976 musical film, The Slipper and the Rose.

The Cinerama Dome appeared in Season 1 Episode 4 of Entourage as the premier theater for "Head On", Vincent Chase's first feature film.

It was also shown in Melrose Place's fourth episode, "Vine", as the location for the premiere of the fictional movie "Kensington Squared."

The theater also appears briefly in the 2016 film Keanu, starring Keegan-Michael Key and Jordan Peele.

The Cinerama Dome appears in Quentin Tarantino's 2019 film Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, shown screening Krakatoa, East of Java in 1969. The Krakatoa posters used during filming remained on the theater for the film's 70mm engagement there.

See also
 List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Hollywood
 Seattle Cinerama
 Pictureville Cinema

References

External links

Cinerama
ArcLight Cinemas
Pacific Theatres

Cinemas and movie theaters in Hollywood, Los Angeles
Cinerama venues
Domes
Theatres completed in 1963
Geodesic domes
Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments
1963 establishments in California
Googie architecture in California
Modernist architecture in California
Welton Becket buildings

Cinerama Dome


Ian Richard Moss (born 20 March 1955) is an Australian rock musician from Alice Springs. He is the founding mainstay guitarist and occasional singer of Cold Chisel. In that group's initial eleven year phase from 1973 to 1984, Moss was recorded on all five studio albums, three of which reached number one on the national Kent Music Report Albums Chart. In August 1989 he released his debut solo album, Matchbook, which peaked at number one on the ARIA Albums Chart. It was preceded by his debut single, "Tucker's Daughter", which reached number two on the related ARIA Singles Chart in March. The track was co-written by Moss with Don Walker, also from Cold Chisel. Moss had another top ten hit with "Telephone Booth" in June 1989.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1990 Moss won five categories: Album of the Year, Best Male Artist, Breakthrough Artist – Album, Single of the Year and Breakthrough Artist – Single. Since then his solo music career has been more low-key, his other top 50 albums are Worlds Away (November 1991), Let's All Get Together (July 2007) and Soul on West 53rd (November 2009). In 1993 Cold Chisel, with Moss as a member, were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. Moss has participated with periodic Cold Chisel reunion tours or new studio albums in 1998, 2003 and from 2009 to 2012 (as from August 2013).

Career

Early life
Ian Richard Moss was born on 20 March 1955 in Alice Springs, Northern Territory, to Geoffery Moss (18 April 1911 – 1989) and Lorna (née Robinson) (born ca. 1922).[A] During World War II Geoffery survived the 1942 bombing of Darwin, he enlisted in the army and later worked for the Allied Works Council in Alice Springs. Lorna was a fellow employee at Allied Works Council when they married in September 1945.

Moss has an older brother, Peter Geoffrey Moss (born 8 October 1948), an older sister, Penny (born 30 July 1951), and a younger brother, Andrew (born July 13 1961). When Moss was four years-old he performed for his family and friends and at nine, sang "The Battle of New Orleans" at a school concert. He later recalled "I was always keen on music and singing. I used to do little vocal concerts for my parents". Moss initially took piano lessons but switched to guitar at age 11: "My older sister was learning classical piano and my older brother was a good rhythm strummer and right into Bob Dylan. I started off with classical piano aged about 7 or 8, but unfortunately wasn't into it enough".

In 1969 he joined a local band, The Scene, which included drummer Rod Martin and two brothers, Robert and John Fortunaso. Moss played rhythm guitar by plugging an acoustic guitar into the bass player's amplifier. The Scene played at local centres and organised their own dances. Moss sang a couple of songs with the group and a year later, he bought an electric guitar to replace his acoustic. Moss recalled, "I was with them for about a year and by that time I was starting to get my own band happening".

The following year he formed Hot Ice with Roger Harris – guitar, David Michel – drums, Wayne Sanderson – Bass and Paul Wiles – keyboards. The group debuted in front of the whole school at the Alice Springs High School regular Friday assembly which took place in the Alice Springs Youth Centre with cover versions of Creedence Clearwater Revival's "Proud Mary" and "Who'll Stop the Rain". Thereafter they regularly played at the Youth Centre Saturday night dances.
 In 1972, Moss relocated to Adelaide – where his older siblings had already moved. Moss had failed a year of high school and decided to repeat at Marion High School. In 1973 he started an Electronics course at Kilkenny Technical College but "lasted one term there ... totally daydreaming the whole time", he left and worked in various factory jobs.

1973–1984: Cold Chisel

In September 1973 Ian Moss, on guitar and lead vocals, formed a rock group, Orange, in Adelaide with Don Walker, a songwriter and organist, and Leszek Kaczmarek on bass guitar. Within months the line-up included Steve Prestwich on drums and Jimmy Barnes on lead vocals, and they were renamed, Cold Chisel. The group's early line-up was volatile with Barnes, Prestwich and Walker all leaving and returning at various times. In 1975 Kaczmarek was replaced on bass guitar by Phil Small.

Moss's main role was as lead guitarist, although he would frequently take over lead vocals when Barnes was out of the band. After periods spent in Adelaide, Armidale and Melbourne, Cold Chisel eventually settled in Sydney in mid-1977 and signed a recording contract with WEA late that year. Early the following year they recorded their self-titled debut album, which appeared in April. Moss supplied lead vocals for two tracks, "One Long Day" and "Rosaline".

Moss's vocals feature on some of the band's best known songs, including the singles "My Baby" (August 1980), "When the War Is Over" (1982), and "Saturday Night" (March 1984) and on Circus Animals (March 1982) album track, "Bow River". Moss wrote "Bow River" about a cattle station in the Kimberley region of Western Australia where his brother, Peter, had once worked; it has since become Moss's signature tune. It was also the B-side of "Forever Now", which was released in the same month as the album.

Moss sang lead on the group's version of "Georgia On My Mind" which became a staple of their live shows, although their only recording is on the 1984 live album, Barking Spiders Live: 1983. Their fifth studio album, Twentieth Century, was issued in April 1984 with two tracks, "Saturday Night" and "Janelle", featuring Moss on lead vocals. However the group had disbanded as Barnes was keen to begin his solo career.

During Cold Chisel's first phase, Moss gained status as a songwriter, contributing "Never Before" for East (June 1980), the track was the first one aired by national radio station Triple J when it switched from AM to FM in 1980. Another Moss-written track is "No Good for You" on Circus Animals. He also worked as a session musician for other artists, including playing a guitar solo on the track "Skin" from the album Icehouse (October 1980) by Sydney new wave band Flowers and an appearance on Richard Clapton's The Great Escape (March 1982), which also featured Barnes.

1985–1996: Solo career success
After Cold Chisel disbanded, Ian Moss took a break from the music industry before launching his solo career in October 1986. His first backing band consisted of Andy Cowan on keyboards (ex-Madder Lake, Ayers Rock, Kevin Borich Express), Joe Imbroll on bass guitar (ex-Goanna) and John Watson on drums (ex-Kevin Borich Express, Australian Crawl). By April the following year the line-up was Watson, Joe Creighton on bass guitar (ex-Melissa, Billy T) and Peter Walker on guitar and synthesiser (ex-Bakery) – Walker had also produced Cold Chisel's debut album in 1978.

During 1988 Moss worked in Los Angeles for nine months preparing material for his debut album, Matchbook. In November 1988, Moss released his debut single, "Tucker's Daughter" which peaked at number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and number six on the New Zealand Singles Chart.

Moss's second single, "Telephone Booth", was issued in June-1989 and reached number seven on the ARIA Singles Chart, and top 30 in New Zealand. Matchbook, followed in August, which reached number one on the ARIA Albums Chart, it remained at the peak spot for three weeks and sold more than 200,000 copies. In New Zealand it reached the top 20 on the albums chart. Matchbook was produced by Moss and Lord-Alge; it was dedicated "in loving memory of Geoff Moss 1911–1989". Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, found the album displayed Moss's "exemplary, controlled guitar technique, but also highlighted his soulful voice ... [he] handled all lead vocals with considerable style and authority".

Two further singles, "Out of the Fire" and "Mr. Rain" were released from the album and both charted on the Australian top 100. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1990 Moss won five categories Album of the Year, Best Male Artist and Breakthrough Artist – Album for Matchbook; and Single of the Year and Breakthrough Artist – Single for "Tucker's Daughter". His touring band in support of Matchbook consisted of Ian Belton on bass guitar (ex-QED), Guy Le Claire on rhythm guitar(Mar-Sept 1989)(ex-Eurogliders), Randy Bulpin on rhythm guitar (ex-Mondo Rock), Danny D'Costa on keyboards, Steve Fearnley on drums and Mark Williams and Mary Azzopardi on backing vocals.

In October 1991 Moss released his second album, Worlds Away, which featured "songs largely co-written with Don Walker in the soul/R&B vein". It reached the top 50 on both the ARIA and New Zealand charts. The album provided three singles, "Slip Away" (May), "She's a Star" (September) and "Never Give Up" (November); both "Slip Away" and "She's a Star" reached the ARIA Top 100.

Also that year Moss played in Don Walker's band Catfish, contributing guitar to their album, Ruby. Subsequently, he made guest appearances on albums by The Black Sorrows' Better Times (1992) on a track called "Ain't Love the Strangest Thing", Richard Clapton's Distant Thunder (1993), on Barnes' solo album, Heat (1993), the first time he had worked with Barnes in ten years. In June 1994 he provided lead guitar on the title track of Don Walker's solo album, We're All Gunna Die (1995). In 1993 Cold Chisel, with Moss as a member, were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame.

Moss's third solo album, Petrolhead, was released in August 1996, which was produced by Don Walker for TWA Records. For this album Moss used Walker on keyboards with Paul DeMarco on drums (ex-Rose Tattoo), the late Ian Rilen on bass guitar (from Rose Tattoo & X), and Trent Williamson on harmonica. McFarlane declared it was "his best-ever album ... [by] a down'n'dirty blues-rock outfit ... with gritty, hard-edged tracks ... [and] finely honed guitar work". Two singles were issued, "All Alone on a Rock" and "Poor Boy", but neither charted. It was re-released the following year as Ian Moss Box Set with an additional live CD, Ian Moss Live, the live disc was issued separately in 1998. Those live tracks had been recorded during 1996 to 1997 on his national tour supporting Petrolhead, with Rilen replaced by Paul Wheeler on bass guitar mid-tour.

1997–2004: Cold Chisel reunion
From October 1997 to June 1998 Cold Chisel reunited to record a new studio album, The Last Wave of Summer (October 1998), and subsequently toured. In May 2003, another Cold Chisel tour, Ringside, resulted in a 2× CD live album of the same name in November.

2005–present: Solo career continued
In 2005 Moss released his fourth studio album, Six Strings on Liberation Music. it was an acoustic album and included material from his time with Cold Chisel, his solo releases and cover versions of Jimi Hendrix and Creedence Clearwater Revival tracks. To support the release Moss undertook an extensive joint tour of Australia co-headlining with Jon Stevens (ex-Noiseworks, INXS).

Moss's next album, Let's All Get Together, was released in July 2007 on his own label, Mosstrooper (distributed by Liberation). It contained acoustic cover versions of Cold Chisel tracks and material written by Moss and/or his former band mates Walker, Prestwich and Small. The album reached the top 50 on the ARIA Albums Chart in October. From February to April 2008 Moss appeared on the third series of Australian TV celebrity singing contest, It Takes Two, where he was partnered by actress, Virginia Gay – they finished in the top three.

Moss travelled to New York in August 2008 to record his next album, Soul on West 53rd, which is a collection of mainly soul songs from the 1960s and 1970s. It was produced by Danny Korthmar, and featured Steve Jordan, Neil Jason, Leon Pendarvis and Hugh McCracken. It was released in October 2009 and peaked in the top 40 in Australia. Amazon.com editorial reviewer declared that Moss provides an "unforgettable sound – not only as a telling soloist on guitar but especially with his silken voice, ringing with clarity and resonating with pure soul". Antonios Sarhanis at Anagrammatically Correct felt it was a "good collection of covers, but why bother when the better originals are so freely available?".

In December 2009 Cold Chisel reconvened for a gig at Stadium Australia. In October 2010 Cold Chisel appeared at the Deni ute muster. Alongside their old work they premiered new material and announced they were working on another studio album. Recording of Cold Chisel's album, No Plans, was disrupted when Steven Prestwich was diagnosed with a brain tumour and died on 16 January 2011, aged 56. In October the group replaced Prestwich with former Divinyls drummer, Charley Drayton, and the album was issued in April 2012. Aside from lead guitar and backing vocals, Moss provided lead vocals on two tracks, "Too Late" and "Summer Moon". Cold Chisel supported the release with a national tour and then, in June, with performances in London.

In 2012 he made a guest appearance on the TV soap opera, Neighbours, playing a gig at Charlie's Bar. The episode was broadcast in the United Kingdom in October. In May that year Australian Guitar magazine listed Moss at number-three on their Definitive Top Ten Australian Guitarists of All Time. In January 2013 Moss, as a solo artist, joined the Red Hot Summer Tour, headlining that tour was Barnes. During June Cold Chisel announced they were in a recording studio. Moss followed with his own Australian tour starting in July.

In March 2018, Moss released Ian Moss, his first solo album of all original material in 22 years. The album peaked at number 11 on the ARIA Charts.

He performed at the 2021 NRL Grand Final, singing "Flame Trees" alongside Kate Miller-Heidke, before performing his solo hit "Tucker's Daughter".

In July 2023, Moss released his eighth studio album Rivers Run Dry. The album will be supported by a national tour commencing in August 2023.

Personal life
Ian Moss was in a de facto relationship with Australian actress Megan Williams for eleven years until they split up in the 1990s. Williams supplied backing vocals on Cold Chisel's "Flame Trees" (August 1984). Williams died on 17 April 2000 of breast cancer, aged 43.

Moss and his partner, Margeaux Rolleston, have a son, Julian Moss – Six Strings has an instrumental track, "Song for Julian".

Discography

Albums
 Matchbook (1989)
 Worlds Away (1991)
 Petrolhead (1996)
 Six Strings (2005)
 Let's All Get Together (2007)
 Soul on West 53rd (2009)
 Ian Moss (2018)
 Rivers Run Dry (2023)

See also
Cold Chisel discography

Awards and nominations

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987. Ian Moss has won five awards.

!
|-
| rowspan="6"| 1990
| rowspan="3"| Matchbook
| ARIA Award for Album of the Year
|
| rowspan="6"|
|-
| ARIA Award for Best Male Artist
|
|-
| ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist - Album
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| "Tucker's Daughter"
| ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist - Single
|
|-
| ARIA Award for Single of the Year
|
|-
| ARIA Award for Song of the Year
|
|-

CMA Awards
The Country Music Awards of Australia is an annual awards night held in January during the Tamworth Country Music Festival, celebrating recording excellence in the Australian country music industry.
 (wins only)
|-
| 2022 || "South" (with Troy Cassar-Daley) || Vocal Collaboration of the Year. ||
|-

Notes
<li id="noteFoot01a"
>^
 For full name see Australasian Performing Right Association source for songwriter of "Answer Machine Blues".
 For date and place of birth see Kevin Schluter in Bulletin with Newsweek.
 For parents' names see The Advertiser Family Notices at National Library of Australia.
 Additional detail from Ian Moss Biography supplied by his management, and Cold Chisel's Official Website.
 Geoff's lifespan according to Matchbooks album notes dedication, and Government of Northern Territory's Place Names Register for Geoff Moss Bridge.
 For mother's approximate year of birth see Angela Catterns interview on Conversation Hour where Moss says "she was 21 ... in about 1943".

References

General
  Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality.
Specific

External links

1956 births
Living people
Australian rock guitarists
People from Alice Springs
ARIA Award winners
Cold Chisel members
Musicians from the Northern Territory
Lead guitarists
Australian singer-songwriters
Australian blues guitarists
Australian male guitarists
Australian male singer-songwriters

Ian Moss


Decoding or decode may refer to: is the process of converting code into plain text or any format that is useful for subsequent processes.

Science and technology
 Decoding, the reverse of encoding
 Parsing, in computer science
 Digital-to-analog converter, "decoding" of a digital signal
 Phonics, decoding in communication theory
 Decode (Oracle)

Other uses
 deCODE genetics, a biopharmaceutical company based in Iceland
 "Decode" (song), a 2008 song by Paramore
 "Decode", a song by Sabrina Carpenter from the album Emails I Can't Send
 Decoding (semiotics), the interpreting of a message communicated to a receiver

See also
 Code (disambiguation)
 Decoder (disambiguation)
 Decoding methods, methods in communication theory for decoding codewords sent over a noisy channel
 Codec, a coder-decoder
 Recode (disambiguation)
 Video decoder, an electronic circuit

es:Descodificador

Decoding


Nordkorea deltog første gang i olympiske lege under Vinter-OL 1964 i Innsbruck. De deltog første gang i sommerlege under Sommer-OL 1972 i München og har siden deltaget i samtlige sommerlege undtaget Sommer-OL i 1984 i Los Angeles og Sommer-OL i 1988 i Seoul.

Medaljeoversigt

Eksterne henvisninger
 Nordkoreas OL-statistik  på Sports-reference.com

OL

Nordkorea ved OL


Sdugwadskabsh, jedna od četiri skupine Snohomish Indijanaca, jezična porodica Salishan. Nastavali su južni dio otoka Whidbey, uključujući sela nasuprot Mukiltea na otoku Whidbey (Negua'sx) i u Newellu na Useless Bayu, u američkoj državi Washington.

Izvori

Snohomish

Sdugwadskabsh


Aralık, Artvin ilinin Borçka ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe

Aralık köyünün eski adı, Klaskuri'dir. Klaskuri, bugün ayrı bir köy olan Atanoğlu'nu da kapsıyordu. Klaskuri (ქლასკური), bir tamlama olup ikinci kelime "Skuri" (სკური) Kolhi dilinde "vadi" ve "dere" anlamına gelir. Kolhi dilinden gelen bu kelime Megrelce ve Lazcada da bu anlamı korumuştur. Klaskuri, "sıcak su" anlamına gelir. Köyün bu adı, aynı adlı dere veya vadiden aldığı sanılmaktadır. Gürcistan'ın Acara bölgesinde bir köy ile derenin adı olan Skurdidi (სკურდიდი) de benzer biçimde "skuri" (სკური) kelimesini içeren bir tamlamadır ve "büyük dere / büyük vadi" anlamına gelir.

Bununla birlikte Klaskuri köyünde Tetrieti (თეთრიეთი), Tsikvauri (წიქვაური), Gorgauli (გორგაული), Kvesauri (კვესაური), Kalokdei (კალოქედი), Kebauri (ქებაური), Pernauli (პერნაული), Sasmeni (სასმენი), Arkkana (არყყანა), Dubauri (დუბაური), Sabeçdavi (საბეჭდავი), Tsintskala (წინწკალა), Naşieti (ნაშიეთი), Tskirmeneti (წკირმენეთი), Gvarameti (გვარამეთი), Tbeti (ტბეთი), Nikosmeri (ნიგოზმერი), Makdieti (მაყლიეთი), Vakesopeli (ვაკესოფელი), Halhikana (ხალხიყანა), Tsverikana (წვერიყანა), Çurikana (ჭურიყანა), Hatikedi (ხატიქედი), Şveliseri (შველისერი), Cinçrikana (ჯინჭრიყანა), Kurdieti (ქურდიეთი), Kapankana (კაპანყანა), Vaketsipnari (ვაკეწიფნარი), Vakekana (ვაკეყანა), Lorhevi (ლორხევი), Nabeğlavi (ნაბეღლავი), Şavşuri (შავშური), Kedikana (ქედიყანა) gibi çok sayıda Gürcüce mevki adı bulunmaktadır.

Klaskuri adı Türkçeye, Klaskur, Kelaskur ya da Kilasğur gibi değişik biçimlerde girmiştir. Nitekim Muvahhid Zeki'nin 1927'de yayımlanan Artvin Vilayeti Hakkında Malumat-ı Umumiye adlı Osmanlıca kitabında köyün adını Kilaskur (كیلاسقور) olarak geçer. 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı'nda bölgeyi ele geçiren Ruslar ise, köyün adını Gürcücesine uygun biçimde Klaskuri (Класкури) olarak kaydetmişlerdir. Rus idaresi sırasında bölgeyi gezen Gürcü araştırmacı Zakaria Çiçinadze köyün adını Kelaskuri (ქელასყური) ya da Telas-kuri (თელას-ყური) biçiminde yazmıştır. Bağımsız Gürcistan'ın sınırları içindeyken de köyün adı Kelaskuri  olarak yazılmıştır. Klaskuri, sadece köyün değil, bu köyün de bulunduğu bir vadi ile akarsuyun da adıdır.

Bir Gürcü yerleşimi olan Klaskuri, tarihsel Tao-Klarceti'nin bir parçası olan Klarceti bölgesinde yer alır. Bu bölge antik çağda Kolheti Krallığı sınırları içinde kalıyordu. Erken ve geç ortaçağda Gürcü krallıkları ve prenslikleri yönetiminde kaldı. 16. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında da Osmanlılar tarafından Gürcülerden ele geçirildi. Bu tarihten sonra köy Çıldır Eyaleti sınırları içinde yer aldı.

Klaskuri, 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Livane sancağının Sinkoti nahiyesinde yer alıyordu. Osmanlı idaresinin vergi belirleme ve askere alma amacıyla 1835 yılında gerçekleştirdiği nüfus tespitinde köyde 116 hanede 356 erkek yaşıyordu. Erkek sayısı kadar kadın eklenince, köyün bu tarihteki nüfusunun yaklaşık 712 kişiden oluştuğu ortaya çıkar. Nüfusun tamamı "Müslim" olarak kaydedilmiştir. Söz konusu "Müslim" nüfusun Müslüman Gürcülerden oluştuğu 1886 yılındaki Rus nüfus kaydından anlaşılmaktadır.

Klaskuri, uzun süre Osmanlı yönetiminde kaldıktan sonra, 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı'nda Çarlık Rusyası'nın eline geçti. Rus idaresinin 1886 yılında gerçekleştirdiği nüfus sayımda Klaskuri'de 131 hanede 713 kişi yaşıyor ve nüfusun tamamı Gürcülerden oluşuyordu. Hane başına ortalama 5,4 kişinin düşmesi, o tarihte köydeki ailelerin kalabalık bir nüfusa sahip olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu tarihte Klaskuri Batum sancağına (okrug) bağlı Gonio kazasında (uçastok) yer alıyordu ve Gonio kazasına bağlı Şubani nahiyesinin köylerinden biriydi. Beş köyü kapsayan Şubani nahiyesinin toplam nüfusu 1.171 kişiden oluşuyordu. Bu nüfusun % 60'ının Klaskuri'de yaşıyor olması, buranın büyük bir köy olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu nüfus sayımından sonra bölgeyi gezen Gürcü araştırmacı Zakaria Çiçinadze, Klaskuri köyünde 60 hanenin yaşadığını ve 20 hanenin göç etmiş olduğunu belirtmiştir. Çiçinadze'nin gözlemlere ve halka dayanarak verdiği bilgiye göre Klaskuri vadisinden en az 200, en çok 1.000 hane Osmanlı ülkesine göç etmiştir. Gürcü tarihçi Zakaria Çiçinadze'nin aktardığı bilgiye göre, Kelaskuri Tepesinin eteklerindeki tarlalarda çok fazla mısır yetiştiriliyordu. Bu yörede beyaz domuz, ayı, yaban keçisi, geyik ve başka yabani hayvanlar vardı. Köylüler mısır tarlalarını korumak için gece ambar altlarında nöbet tutuyor, tüfek atıyorlardı. Bu sırada Gürcüce şarkılar da söylüyorlardı.

Klaskuri, Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın sonlarında Rusya'nın bölgeden çekilmesinden bir süre sonra, Gürcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti'nin sınırları içinde kaldı. Kızıl Ordu'nun Gürcistan'ı işgali sırasında Ankara Hükümeti'nin Tiflis hükûmetine verdiği ültimatom üzerine Gürcü idaresinin çekilmesinin ardından köy fiilen Türkiye'ye katıldı. Gürcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti'nin topraklarının işgal edilmesinin ardından Sovyet Rusya ile Ankara Hükümeti'nin 16 Mart 1921'de imzaladığı Moskova Antlaşması'yla Klaskuri köyünü de kapsayan Artvin ile Ardahan bölgeleri Türkiye'ye bırakıldı.

Artvin livasında 1922 yılında yapılan nüfus tespiti sonuçları arasında Klaskuri köyü geçmemektedir. Klaskuri Türkçe olmadığı için köyün adı 1925'te Aralık olarak değiştirildi. Bu tarihte köy Artvin vilayetinin Borçka kazasına bağlıydı. 1926 yılında yapılan nüfus sayımına göre köyde 75 hanede, 237'i erkek ve 223'ü kadın olmak üzere 460 kişi yaşıyordu. Klaskuri'nin 1886 tarihindeki nüfusu sabit veri alındığında bile köyün nüfusunun iyice azaldığı görülmektedir. Bu durum köyün sınırlarının değişmesi veya Rus idaresi sırasında köyün bir kısmının Osmanlı ülkesine göç etmiş olmasıyla açıklanabilir. Nitekim Mustafakemalpaşa ilçesinde Karapınar, Sinop'un merkez ilçesindeki Karapınar, Erfelek ilçesindeki Abdurrahmanpaşa köyü ile Değirmencili köyünün İncemeydan mahallesinde yaşayan Gürcülerin bir kısmı Klaskuri'den göç etmiştir.

Aralık köyünün Atanoğlu mahallesi 1956 yılında ayrı bir köy haline getirilince, Aralık köyüne Aşağı Klaskuri, Atanoğlu köyüne de Yukarı Klaskuri denmiştir Bugün bölünmüş olan Klaskuri'de son tespitlere göre, 294'ü Aşağı Klaskuri'de (Aralık köyü) ve 70'i Yukarı Klaskuri olmak üzere toplam 364 kişi  yaşıyordu.

Klaskuri köyünde iki kilisenin varlığı bilinmektedir. Günümüze kalıntıları kalmış olan bu iki yapı da Aşağı Klaskur (Aralık) kısmında yer alır. Klaskuri Kilisesi, 2009 yılındaki yüzey araştırmaları sırasında Fahriye Bayram ile Turgay Yazar tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte Rus idaresi sırasında bölgeyi gezen Gürcü tarihçi Zakaria Çiçinadze de Klaskuri köyünün bulunduğu vadinin sonunda, Çoruh Nehri kıyısında, küçük bir tepenin üzerinde küçük bir kiliseden söz etmiştir. Kilisenin hemen önündeki köprü de Çiçinadze'nin verdiği bilgiye göre Gürcü kraliçesi Tamar'a atfen Tamar Köprüsü diye adlandırılıyordu. Diğer kilise de şapelin hemen altındaki düzlükte yer almaktadır. Yamaca yaslanarak inşa edilmiş olan kilisenin kuzeyde dikdörtgen ve haç planlı bir yapı olduğu kalıntılardan anlaşılmaktadır. Aynı yerde, Klaskuri Deresi'nin sağ kıyısında yüksekçe bir kayanın üzerinde bir kulenin kalıntıları bulunmaktadır. Günümüze ulaşan kısmı neredeyse tamamen yosunla kaplanmıştır.

Coğrafya

Aralık köyü, Artvin il merkezine 45 km, Borçka ilçe merkezine 9 km uzaklıktadır. Borçka - Camili karayolu üzerindeki ilk köydür.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Borçka belde ve köyleri

Aralık, Borçka


An Podochilus lucescens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Ludwig von Blume. An Podochilus lucescens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Podochilus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Podochilus

Podochilus lucescens


PewDiePie vs T-Series a fost o competiție online între două canale YouTube, PewDiePie (condus de Felix Kjellberg) și compania indiană T-Series (o companie condusă de Bhushan Kumar), pentru titlul canalului cel mai abonat pe YouTube de pe site-ul de partajare video.

Din cauza faptului că T-Series a crescut foarte rapid de la 100M abonați la 128M abonați, se confirmă faptul că T-Series folosește mulți roboți (boți) de abonați și folosește metode de cumpărare de abonați.

YouTube a observat activități neobișnuite pe contul T-Series, legate de spam de boți de abonați, dar, se pare că YouTube nu vrea să acționeze asupra canalului T-Series.

PewDiePie a anunțat pe 15 ianuarie 2020 că acesta va lua o pauză din YouTube. Mulți credeau că este o glumă, dar după ce au trecut 3 săptămâni în care PewDiePie nu a mai postat niciun videoclip, se adeverește faptul că acesta va lua o pauză.

Mulți youtuberi și-au exprimat sprijinul față de PewDiePie. Cel mai proeminent dintre ei este Mr.Beast, care a realizat multe videoclipuri utilizând metode vizibile pentru a convinge mai mulți oameni să se aboneze la PewDiePie. Mulți dintre fanii lui PewDiePie s-au străduit să obțină abonații pentru canalul său prin numeroase metode, cel mai popular fiind flyposting-ul. Suporterii PewDiePie folosesc adesea sloganul "Abonați-vă la PewDiePie". Activismul unor suporteri ai lui PewDiePie s-a extins dincolo de metodele legale; s-au comis acte de vandalism, hacking de site-uri web, conturi de social media, dispozitive personale, și crearea de programe malware, printre altele, pentru a determina utilizatorii să se aboneze la canalul său.

Disstrack-urile lui PewDiePie
Pe 5 octombrie 2018, PewDiePie a lansat disstrack-ul "Bitch Lasagna" original "T-Series Disstrack". El s-a referit la seria lui "You laugh You Lose" prin versul "But you India you lose, so best think you haven't won" si Meme Review prin versul "'Cause we only just begun, I review you *clap clap* zero, bye bitch, gone" si la faptul că "Armata lui de copii de 9 ani", referindu-se la faptul că o majoritate din urmaritorii lui PewDiePie sunt copii, va invinge T-Series prin versurile "You got a fifth of the population in your nation, but
I got nine-year-olds of worlds so hold your defecation". Pe 3 decembrie, disstrack-ul a atins 50 de milioane de vizionări. Acum are, aproximativ, 190 de milioane de vizionări.
De 1 aprilie 2019, T-Series era in fata lui PewDiePie la numărul de abonați. În aceeași zi, El a lansat melodia "Congratulations" , tradus felicitări. El s-a referit la faptul că directorul general al companiei T-Series, Bhushan Kumar, a fost acuzat de Evaziune fiscală și la faptul că T-Series i-a trimis o scrisoare care îi cerea să șteargă melodia "Bitch Lasagna" de pe Youtube.

Răspunsul T-Series
Pe 10 aprilie, T-Series și Înalta Curte din Delhi a decis că disstrack-urile lui PewDiePie sunt "rasiste" si "insultătore". Ei au decis să interzică, în India, cele două melodii.

Controverse
Pe livestream-ul lui de pe Facebook inainte de a începe unul dintre Atacurile teroriste din Christchurch din 2019, Brenton Tarrant a spus "Remember lads, Subscribe to PewDiePie!", tradus "Țineți minte băieți, abonați-vă la PewDiePie". El a spus aceasta propoziție deoarece putea să ia atenția presei sau deoarece PewDiePie a făcut, în 2017, ironic, glume despre evrei și Adolf Hitler. PewDiePie a spus ,,Mă simt absolut rău, având numele meu rostit de această persoană.
Inima și gândurile mele se adresează victimelor, familiilor și tuturor celor afectați de această tragedie."

Controverse
YouTube
Cultura internetului

Pewdiepie vs T-Series


An Sporobolus durus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart. An Sporobolus durus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sporobolus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo naubos. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sporobolus

Sporobolus durus


මානෙල් චින්තාමනී වානගුරු, (උපත 1951 ඔක්තෝබර් 18), ශ්‍රී ලංකා සිනමාවේ, වේදිකාවේ සහ රූපවාහිනියේ නිළියකි.

පෞද්ගලික ජීවිතය
මානෙල් වානගුරු උපත ලැබුවේ 1951 ඔක්තෝබර් 18 වැනිදාය. ඇගේ පියා ඩඩ්ලි සැමුවෙල් වානගුරු ද සිංහල සිනමාවේ නළුවෙකි. ඩඩ්ලි 1922 දෙසැම්බර් 16 වන දින උපත ලැබූ අතර 2003 ජූලි 29 දින මිය ගියේය. ඔහු වත්තල සාන්ත ජෝශප් විද්‍යාලයේ ආදි ශිෂ්‍යයෙකි. "එදා රෑ" චිත්‍රපටිය හරහා රංගනයට පිවිසි ඔහු ඉන්පසුව "දෛව විපාකය", "හදිසි විවාහය", "ගැහැණු ගැට", "පටාචාරා" වැනි චිත්‍රපට රැසකට රංගනයෙන් දායක විය. ඕහු පසුකලෙක "සැගවුනු මැණික" චිත්‍රපටිය අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කරන ලදි. ඇගේ මව ගෘහණියක් වූ ඉන්ද්‍රානි දිසානායකය. මානෙල්ට සහෝදර සහෝදරියන් හය දෙනෙක් සිටිති: උපේන්ද්‍ර, ලක්ෂ්මන්, තිස්ස, නිහාල්, තමරා සහ රොහාන්.

මානෙල් විවාහ වී සිටින්නේ ආනන්ද වික්‍රමගේ නම් ප්‍රතිභාපූර්ණ රංගවේදියා සමගයි. මෙම යුවළට පුතුන් දෙදෙනෙක් සිටී: ජනිත් වික්‍රමගේ සහ සංකේත් වික්‍රමගේ, දෙදෙනාම නළුවෝ වෙති.

වෘත්තීය ජීවිතය
ඇයගේ මංගල සිනමා අත්දැකීම 1958 B.A.W ජයමාන්න විසින් අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කරන ලද "වනලිය" චිත්‍රපටිය හරහා සිදුවිය.

සම්මාන

දීපශිකා සම්මාන

|-
|| 1974 ||| කස්තුරි සුවඳ || හොඳම රංගනය  ||

සුමති සම්මාන

|-
|| 2021 ||| සිනමාවට දුන් දායකත්වය || යූ.ඩබ්ලිව්. සුමතිපාල යාවජීව සම්මානය||

References

External links

ශ්‍රී ලාංකික නළුවෝ
සිංහල ජනයා

මානෙල් වානගුරු


An Zeuxine marivelensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Oakes Ames, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Oakes Ames. An Zeuxine marivelensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Zeuxine, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Philippines. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Zeuxine

Zeuxine marivelensis


Queens Center Mall is an urban shopping mall in Elmhurst, Queens, New York City, on Queens Boulevard between 57th Avenue and Woodhaven Boulevard. Queens Center Mall is the largest mall in Queens. It is currently owned and managed by The Macerich Company, who purchased the mall in the 1990s. The mall features Primark (coming soon), JCPenney and Macy's.

The mall has a gross leasable area of  and 198 stores.

The mall is adjacent to the Woodhaven Boulevard station () on the IND Queens Boulevard Line of the New York City Subway. It is across the street from the former St. Johns Hospital and the Rock Church. It is also off Exit 19 on the Long Island Expressway.

History
Queens Center Mall opened on September 12, 1973, on land previously occupied by a children's amusement park named Fairyland, a supermarket, and automobile parking. The original anchor tenants were Abraham & Straus and Ohrbach's. The mall underwent a major expansion from 2002 to 2004, nearly doubling in size as the original mall was renovated and another wing was added to the east of 92nd Street.

The mall's current anchor tenants are Macy's and JCPenney. In addition, it has a large food court in the basement.

For a limited time during the 2006 Christmas shopping season, the Macy's location in Queens Center was open 24 hours a day, becoming the first to do so. Since then, it has had all-day operating hours during every Christmas shopping season.

On March 8, 2019, the mall was evacuated when an appearance by rapper A Boogie wit da Hoodie was canceled and fans rioted and looted stores, including the Foot Locker. The mall reopened the next day.

Anchors

Current
JCPenney (Opened in 1989)
Macy's (Opened in 1995)
Primark (coming soon)

Former
Ohrbach's (Opened in 1973. Closed in 1987. Replaced by Steinbach)
Steinbach (Opened in 1987. Closed in 1990. Replaced by JCPenney)
Abraham & Straus (Opened in 1973. Closed in 1995. Replaced by Macy's)

References

External links

Macerich
Shopping malls established in 1973
Shopping malls in New York City
Commercial buildings in Queens, New York
Tourist attractions in Queens, New York
Elmhurst, Queens
1973 establishments in New York City

Queens Center Mall


Fjallatoppur (fræðiheiti Lonicera alpigena) er runni af geitblaðsætt ættaður úr fjallaskógum suður og mið Evrópu.  Hann verður um 1-2 m hár og álíka breiður. Blómin eru smá, gulleit til rauð og berin skærrauð, óæt. Stundum er fölvatoppur (Lonicera glehnii) frá norðaustur Asíu talinn undirtegund hans: Lonicera alpigena ssp. glehnii (F. Schmidt) H. Hara.
Hann hefur reynst harðgerður á Íslandi.

Heimild

Geitblaðsætt

Fjallatoppur


Milandre ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Louis-Toussaint Milandre, französischer Komponist

Siehe auch:
 Grotte de Milandre, Karsthöhle in der Gemeinde Boncourt im Kanton Jura

Milandre


Edom (visoravan)
 Edomsko Kraljevstvo
 Edomiti (Edomci,Edomićani, Idumejci), biblijski narod
 Edomitski jezik
 Edom (Teksas)

Edom


Katsumi Suzuki (født 21. april 1969) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Montedio Yamagata.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Katsumi Suzuki


San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán es un municipio del El Progreso de la región nor-oriente de la República de Guatemala. San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán se encuentra en la orilla norte del Río Motagua a una altitud de 250 m. Tenía una población de 7.820 personas en el censo de 2018,

Toponimia

Nombre en castellano -

Muchos de los nombres de los municipios y poblados de Guatemala constan de dos partes: el nombre del santo católico que se venera el día en que fueron fundados y una descripción con raíz náhuatl; esto se debe a que las tropas que invadieron la región en la década de 1520 al mando de Pedro de Alvarado estaban compuestas por soldados españoles y por indígenas tlaxcaltecas y cholultecas.

De conformidad con lo anotado por Manuel García Elgueta, las dos partes de que se forma el nombre «Acasaguastlán» son «Acatzau» (torditos) y «Aztlán» (abundancia de garzas), conforme a la etimología de las voces náhuatl. De esta forma, el significado del nombre sería «Lugar de garzas y torditos».

Otras acepciones

Existen diferentes vocablos para referirse a «Acasaguastlán», tales como: «Acaceuastlan», «Cazaguastlan», «Casabastlan»,
«Zicazahuastlan», «Acarabastlan»; todos ellos hacen alusión a la situación geográfica del poblado, ya que éste se encuentra situado en un cerro de piedra en las márgenes del río Motagua.
Sin embargo el vocablo correcto es Acasaguastlán y existen diferentes significados de la palabra entre ellos como:

 «Hacer tiempo templado»
 «Tierra caliente»
 «Junto al agua sucia o ennegrecida»

Geografía física

Clima

San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán tiene un Clima semiárido cálido (Clasificación de Köppen: BSh).

Ubicación geográfica
San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán se encuentra a una distancia de 28 kilómetros de la cabecera departamental Guastatoya. San Agustín Acasaguastlán se encuentra ubicado entre el norte de El Jícaro, al oeste de Usumatlán municipio del departamento de Zacapa y al sureste de San Agustín Acasaguastlán. Se encuentra ubicado en la carretera interoceánica (CA-9), 101 km de la capital Ciudad de Guatemala.

Gobierno municipal

Los municipios se encuentran regulados en diversas leyes de la República, que establecen su forma de organización, lo relativo a la conformación de sus órganos administrativos y los tributos destinados para los mismos.  Aunque se trata de entidades autónomas, se encuentran sujetos a la legislación nacional y las principales leyes que los rigen desde 1985 son:

El gobierno de los municipios está a cargo de un Concejo Municipal mientras que el código municipal —ley ordinaria que contiene disposiciones que se aplican a todos los municipios— establece que «el concejo municipal es el órgano colegiado superior de deliberación y de decisión de los asuntos municipales […] y tiene su sede en la circunscripción de la cabecera municipal»; el artículo 33 del mencionado código establece que «[le] corresponde con exclusividad al concejo municipal el ejercicio del gobierno del municipio».

El concejo municipal se integra con el alcalde, los síndicos y concejales, electos directamente por sufragio universal y secreto para un período de cuatro años, pudiendo ser reelectos.

Existen también las Alcaldías Auxiliares, los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo (COCODE), el Comité Municipal del Desarrollo (COMUDE), las asociaciones culturales y las comisiones de trabajo. Los alcaldes auxiliares son elegidos por las comunidades de acuerdo a sus principios y tradiciones, y se reúnen con el alcalde municipal el primer domingo de cada mes, mientras que los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo y el Comité Municipal de Desarrollo organizan y facilitan la participación de las comunidades priorizando necesidades y problemas.

Historia

Época precolombina

La historia de Acasaguastlán, tiene sus orígenes en la propia cultura maya, sus habitantes están emparentados con las culturas de Copán y Quiriguà. En el siglo IX y X invasiones Nahath  (Nahoas) se asientan en los alrededores de Acasaguastlán conformando un mestizaje cultural que seguramente dio origen a la lengua original y única del lugar conocida como la lengua Tlacabalteca, ó Alaguilac.

Época colonial

Tras la conquista española en el siglo , se fundó el poblado de San Cristóbal, reduciendo a los aborígenes del lugar al sistema de doctrinas y encomiendas; se acostumbraba someter a los pueblos conquistados  y obligarlos a que vivieran en cerros y montañas de manera esparcida, obligándolos a que desalojaran el Tinamit (pueblo o ciudad) como centro religioso, político y comercial.

Al momento de la conquista el lugar donde ahora se asienta Acasaguastlán era un importante santuario religioso, que era considerado como un lugar santo y sagrado para los indígenas locales, situado en las márgenes del río Motagua y muy cerca de la moderna cabecera del municipio de San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán.  Este lugar sagrado contaba únicamente con montículos de culto conocidos como «Guaytán».  Esta preponderancia religiosa y política es aprovechada por los españoles para convertir a los habitantes del Estado Prehispánico de Acasaguastlán en colonia española.

San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán es un municipio que tiene un amplio legado cultural e histórico que data desde el tiempo de la colonia, siendo su iglesia católica el vestigio fiel e importante de la influencia y presencia española en la región oriental de Guatemala; históricamente fue un centro de convergencia y de comercio de los españoles quienes viajaban por el río Motagua hacia el mar Caribe y la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala y la Ciudad de Guatemala.

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica

San Cristóbal tuvo un lugar importante en los movimientos independentistas de 1821, fijándose su plaza central como el primer lugar donde se dieron los primeros gritos de independencia en Guatemala.

El Estado de Guatemala fue definido de la siguiente forma por la Asamblea Constituyente de dicho estado que emitió la constitución del mismo el 11 de octubre de 1825: «el estado conservará la denominación de Estado de Guatemala y lo forman los pueblos de Guatemala, reunidos en un solo cuerpo.  El estado de Guatemala es soberano, independiente y libre en su gobierno y administración interior.»

Acasaguastlán fue uno de los municipios originales del Estado de Guatemala fundado en 1825; estaba en el departamento de Chiquimula, cuya cabecera era el municipio del mismo nombre, y tenía a los municipios de Zacapa, Acasaguastlán, Sansaria, Esquipulas, Jalapa, Mita.

La constitución del Estado de Guatemala promulgada el 11 de octubre de 1825 estableció los circuitos para la administración de justicia en el territorio del Estado;  en dicha constitución se menciona que San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán —llamada entonces solamente «Acasaguastlán»— pertenecía entonces al circuito de Acasaguastlán en el Distrito N.4 (Chiquimula) junto con San Agustín, Sanarate, Tocoy, Magdalena, Agua Blanca, Chimalapa, San Clemente y Guastatoya.

Departamento de El Progreso

El municipio de San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán  pertenecía a Zacapa antes de que el decreto 683 del 13 de abril de 1908 del gobierno del licenciado Manuel Estrada Cabrera creara el Departamento de El Progreso.  El decreto de fundación decía que por la actividad comercial suscitada en los puntos por donde la vía férrea interoceánica pasaa se requería la más próxima vigilancia de las Autoridades no sólo para conservar el orden sino para encausar las diversas corrientes del adelanto á un fin común se creó el departamento de El Progreso comprendinedo los siguientes Municipios: Cabañas, Acasaguastlán, Morazán, Sanarate, San Antonio La Paz, San José del Golfo, Guastatoya, Sansaria y las aldeas que están al Noroeste de Chiquimula formando la mitad de dicho Municipio.

Tras el derrocamiento de Estrada Cabrera en abril de 1920, el departamento se suprimió por el decreto gubernativo No. 756 del 9 de junio de 1920 del gobierno de Carlos Herrera y Luna, por no llenar las aspiraciones que el gobierno tuvo en mira para su creación, volviendo los municipios que lo conformaban a los departamentos a que pertenecían, con excepción de Guastatoya que formó parte de Guatemala.

El gobierno del general Jorge Ubico emitió el decreto legislativo de 1965 del 3 de abril de 1934 por medio del cual se creó de nuevo el Departamento de El Progreso retornando nuevamente el municipio de San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán al mismo.

En el municipio de San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán al igual que el resto de municipios del departamento, únicamente se habla el idioma español. Pese a que en la historia se remonta que en este municipio estuvieron asentados grupos pipiles, poqomames y chort'ís, en la actualidad no se conservan ningún traje que represente a la región; lo que si se conserva aún es la elaboración de algunas comidas típicas.

Religión

En este municipio se profesa la religión católica y evangélica.  Aunque no se cuenta con datos acerca del total de personas que profesan cada religión, según la DMP, tanto en el área urbana como rural hay un buen porcentaje de población que profesa la religión evangélica, quienes cuentan con sus propios templos religiosos, evidenciándose mayor número de iglesias evangélicas en la Aldea de la Estancia de la Virgen que para el año 2010 contaba con un total de seis iglesias evangélicas.

El municipio cuenta con cinco iglesias católicas ubicadas en: Cabecera Municipal, El Manzanal, Estancia de la Virgen, San Luis Buena Vista, Piedras Blancas; mientras que el resto de las comunidades cuenta con oratorios. En este apartado hay que destacar que la iglesia de la cabecera municipal se ha constituido en un monumento patrimonial ya que data desde la colonia española; construida en el año 1,654 esta iglesia cuenta con un bagaje histórico.  Actualmente la municipalidad es la encargada de darle mantenimiento y de manera coordinada con el Instituto Guatemalteco de Turismo se está promoviendo su existencia, que junto con la riqueza natural que posee el municipio, puede convertirse en un destino más para los turistas extranjeros.

Costumbres y tradiciones

Fiesta patronal

Entre las principales fiestas del municipio de San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán están las celebraciones de Ferias Titulares y/o Patronales,   las cuales se realizan en la cabecera municipal, Estancia de la Virgen, Piedras Blancas, San Luis Buena Vista, Cruz del Valle, El Manzanal.  La feria patronal del municipio es el 30 de julio y se celebra a San Cristóbal.

Las actividades que sobresalen en la celebración de estas ferias pueden mencionarse: Bailes, jaripeos, encuentros deportivos, procesiones de los patronos de cada comunidad. Existe un comité de feria que se mantiene debido a actividades culturales y deportivas así como religiosas en las diversas comunidades, quienes se organizan para celebrar a su santo patrono.

Lugares sagrados

El listado nacional de monumentos arqueológicos y patrimoniales, se registra la existencia de 12 sitios, algunos de ellos con manejo de arco falso maya; además es necesario mencionar que en el territorio se han encontrado contenedores cerámicos con piezas de lítica menor como piedras de moler, ofrendas capitales y algunos instrumentos musicales, así como algunas tumbas importantes y algunos osarios con fondo de discos y piedras de lajas (Municipalidad de San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán 2010).

Comidas típicas
Entre las principales comidas típicas del municipio de San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán, se pueden mencionar, los Tayuyos, shucos, tamales, shisha, el ayote en dulce, moyetes, fresco chamalaju, dulce de melcocha, pollo en loroco.

Educación
San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán es el primer municipio en todo el país de Guatemala en estar libre de analfabetismo, reportando una tasa de alfabetización del 100%.

Véase también

 Elecciones municipales de Guatemala de 2023
 Organización territorial de Guatemala

Notas y referencias

Referencias

Bibliografía

Departamentos y municipios originales de Guatemala
Municipios de El Progreso
Patronazgo de San Cristóbal de Licia
Toponimia náhuatl de Guatemala

San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán


NGC 5964 est une galaxie spirale barrée située dans la constellation du Serpent. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 5964 a été découverte par l'astronome britannique John Herschel en 1830. Cette galaxie a aussi été observée par l'astronome prussien Heinrich Louis d'Arrest le  et elle a été inscrite à l'Index Catalogue sous la cote IC 4551.

La classe de luminosité de NGC 5964 est IV et elle présente une large raie HI. C'est aussi une galaxie du champ, c'est-à-dire qu'elle n'appartient pas à un amas ou un groupe et qu'elle est donc gravitationnellement isolée. Il est aussi possible que NGC 5964 soit une galaxie active (AGN).

Avec une brillance de surface égale à , on peut qualifier NGC 5964 de galaxie à faible brillance de surface (LSB en anglais pour ). Les galaxies LSB sont des galaxies diffuses (D) avec une brillance de surface inférieure de moins d'une magnitude à celle du ciel nocturne ambiant.

À ce jour, sept mesures non basées sur le décalage vers le rouge (redshift) donnent une distance de , ce qui est à l'intérieur des valeurs de la distance de Hubble.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 5964 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman
 Image Galleries: Best Images From KPNO AOP; NGC 5964

5964
Constellation du Serpent
Galaxie spirale
Galaxie spirale barrée
Galaxie active
Galaxie du champ
Galaxie à faible brillance de surface
Objet céleste découvert en 1830
Objet céleste découvert par John Herschel

NGC 5964