Yaroslavl Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by the Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda oblasts.

This geographic location affords the oblast the advantages of proximity to Moscow and St. Petersburg. Additionally, the city of Yaroslavl, the administrative center of the oblast, is served by major highways, railroads, and waterways. The population of the oblast was 1,272,468 (2010 Census).

Geography
The climate of Yaroslavl Oblast is temperate continental, with long, cold, and snowy winters, and a short but quite warm summer. Average January temperature is about , while the average in July is . Formerly almost all territory was covered with thick conifer forest (fir, pine). After much of this was harvested, now a large portion of territory has been replaced by second-growth birch-and-aspen forests and crop fields. Swamps also take up considerable areas.

Large animals have been much reduced in numbers, but there are still some bears, wolves, foxes, moose, and wild boars. A great number of wild birds live and nest in the oblast.

In cities, the most common birds are pigeons, jackdaws, hooded crows, rooks, house sparrows, and great tits.

The Volga River flows through Yaroslavl Oblast; major dams and hydroelectric stations were built at Uglich and Rybinsk. The Rybinsk Reservoir, filled between 1941 and 1947, is one of the largest in Europe. As it was filled the former town of Mologa and several hundreds of villages were flooded. Some 150,000 persons in Yaroslavl, Vologda, and Kalinin (now Tver) oblasts had to be relocated in connection with this project.

Mineral resources are limited to construction materials (such as sand, gravel, clay) and peat. There are also mineral water springs and wells.

History

People first settled in the area of the modern-day Yaroslavl Oblast during the Paleolithic Era at  the end of the last glacial period. The Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture is believed to have introduced agriculture in the region not later than the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The earliest historically documented inhabitants of the Yaroslavl region were the Volga Finnic Merya people. They were known to come into close contact with Balto-Slavic tribes of Krivichs and Slovens from the 9-10th centuries AD; they eventually blended into a single cultural community with other people of the Kievan Rus'.

Early medieval Rus'
The oblast has belonged to the core of the Russian lands since the early Middle Ages. Rostov, the oldest city in the region, was first mentioned in records in 862AD. It soon became the main political and religious centers of the Northeast Kievan Rus'. (The Rostov eparchy established in 991 was one of the earliest in Russia.) Many notable Rurikid princes had their fief in Rostov: among them were St. Boris and Yaroslav the Wise, the founder of the city of Yaroslavl.

In 1054 Rostov and other North-Eastern lands were inherited by Yaroslav's son Vsevolod, who also ruled the southern Principality of Pereyaslavl. Remaining in their distant capital, the princes of Pereyaslavl ruled the province through their viceregents. In that period the 1071 smerd rebellion was led by still powerful magi of Yarsolavl, during which bishop Leontius of Rostov was murdered.

In the early 12th century, Rostov got its own prince, Yuri Dolgoruky, the grandson of Vsevolod. He moved his capital to Suzdal in 1125, diminishing the influence of Rostov.  During his reign, Dolgoruky founded many major cities of the Northeast Rus, including Pereslavl, Uglich, and Romanov of the modern-day Yaroslavl Oblast. Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky, who succeeded his father Yury as a ruler of the Rostov-Suzdal lands in 1157, was the first Russian ruler to give up his claims for the thrones of Kiev and Pereyaslavl. He proclaimed himself a Grand Prince and moved his capital to the city of Vladimir, near Suzdal, marking the beginning of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality.

After the death of Andrey's brother Vsevolod the Big Nest in 1212, the Russian North-East suffered a period of feudal fragmentation. Rostov, Yaroslavl, Pereslavl and Uglich became principalities in their own right, while their princes still recognized the formal suzerainty of the Grand Princes of Vladimir.

Tatar Yoke era
Northeastern Rus was attacked by the Mongol-Tatar armies in the winter of 1238. Pereslavl struggled against the attack for five days, losing most of its population. Rostov and Uglich both fell without a fight. Grand Prince Yuri II of Vladimir was killed, along with his nephews, princes of Rostov and Yaroslavl, in the Battle of the Sit River in the northern part of the region. As a result of the invasion, the Vladimir-Suzdal domain was obliged to pay tribute to the conquerors and submit to their political will.

During the 13th and 14th centuries, Rostov and Yaroslavl principalities continued to split up and weaken. They became easy targets for other, more powerful princes, most importantly the House of Moscow. In 1302 Ivan of Pereslavl bequeathed his principality to Daniel of Moscow. In 1328 Ivan I of Moscow bought out the Uglich principality. Starting with 1332, Muscovites began to acquire parts of the Rostov Principality little by little, completely subduing it by the middle of the 15th century. In 1380 soldiers of the Rostov and Yaroslavl principalities joined the allied army of Moscow prince Dmitry Donskoy in the Battle of Kulikovo.

Ivan III the Great completed the gathering of the Russian lands in the Yaroslavl Oblast. In 1463 he forced the last prince of Yaroslavl, Alexander Bryukhaty, to sell all of his possessions. In 1474 Ivan III bought the rest of the territories that were still co-owned with Moscow by the House of Rostov.

Tsardom of Russia
In the 16th century Yaroslavl became a major trade center, connecting Central Russia with the lower regions of Volga, as well as Arkhangelsk, the main trading outpost of the British Muscovy Company. At the same time Rostov continued as a center of the richest and one of the most influential eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church. Rostov archbishops were granted a metropolitan status in 1589.

During the Time of Troubles of the early 17th century, Rostov and Yaroslavl provinces were raided by the rebel forces of False Dmitry II and his Polish–Lithuanian allies. In 1609–1610 the invaders were driven out by a Russian militia of Gagarin and Vysheslavtsev, who gathered their forces in Vologda.  In late 1614, the northern part of the region (Poshekhonye) was terrorized by a rogue cossack unit led by ataman Baloven.  The next year surrounding areas of Uglich and Romanov were reached by the notorious Polish–Lithuanian Lisowczycy raiders. In 1618 Zaporozhian Cossacks of hetman Sahaidachny captured Yaroslavl, Pereslavl and Romanov, as allies with a Polish invasion of Russia.

Later in the 17th century, Yaroslavl's commercial growth made it more important than ever. By the middle of the century, it was the second-biggest Russian city, with population of 15,000 people. Starting in 1692, Pereslavl and Rostov were finally subjected to Yaroslavl. In 1719 after a new administrative reform, territories of the modern oblast were divided between the Yaroslavl and Uglich provinces of the Saint Petersburg Governorate, and the Pereslavl and Kostroma provinces of the Moscow Governorate. In 1727 Yaroslavl and Uglich were also taken over by Moscow.

Russian Empire
After the foundation of Saint Petersburg and a subsequent decline of the northern trading routes, Yaroslav lost its role as a major trade center and second-most important Russian city. The city continued to be integral to development of its region and industrial growth. In 1718 the first public elementary school was established in Yaroslavl; in 1747 Spaso-Preobrazhensky monastery opened a seminary. In 1750 young Yaroslavl socialite Fyodor Volkov organized the first permanent theater in Russia.

In 1777 a separate Yaroslavl Governorate (then viceroyalty) was established; it included surrounding areas of Yaroslavl, Rostov and Uglich. As a part of the reform, many settlements of the region were granted town status, namely Rybinsk, Poshekhonye, Myshkin and Mologa. The archbishop of Rostov moved his permanent residence from Rostov to Yaroslavl. In 1803 Pavel Demidov founded the Yaroslavl School of Higher Studies, the first university college in the governorate.

From the 18th century, Rostov became widely known for its finift-enamel jewelry crafts. In 1850 the first Russian tobacco factory, Balkanskaya Zvezda, was opened in Yaroslavl. Railroads were constructed and connected the Yaroslavl region with Moscow in 1870 and Vologda in 1872. In 1879 Dmitri Mendeleev helped to create the first oil refinery in the empire near Romanov-Borisoglebsk. During the 1910s the region began to develop as a major center of the burgeoning automotive industry: in 1916 new factories were founded in Rybinsk (Russky Renault) and Yaroslavl (Lebedev Automobile Factory).

Soviet years
After the Russian Revolution and Civil War, Soviet power in the Yaroslavl Governorate was installed in a relatively peaceful way. The Yaroslavl and Rybinsk revolts of July 1918 had been organized by Boris Savinkov's Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom. In Rybinsk, Cheka aided by the Red Army dealt with the rebels in one day, but in Yaroslavl the clashes continued for two weeks. To put the Yaroslavl rebels down, the Reds used their artillery and aviation. Both sides lost more than a thousand people during those events, and thousands of Yaroslavl families lost their homes in the subsequent fires. Although the revolts were unsuccessful, they drew a significant part of Bolshevik forces to Central Russia. In that period, the opposition Whites captured Yekaterinburg, Simbirsk, and Kazan.

In 1921–1923, the northern part of the governorate became a separate Rybinsk Governorate; it was later returned to Yaroslavl jurisdiction. In 1929, the region was split between Yaroslavl and Rybinsk okrugs, which became a part of the newly established Ivanovo Industrial Oblast.

Yaroslavl Oblast was created on March 11, 1936, and it included most of the former Yaroslavl Governorate, together with a big par itself, and Pereslavl-Zalessky of the Vladimir Governorate. In 1944, the Yaroslavl Oblast gained its current borders after the Kostroma Oblast was organized as a separate region.

During the 1930s under Josef Stalin, the Yaroslavl Oblast went through rapid forced industrialization under the first five year plans. In 1935, construction of the Rybinsk dam began; it was followed by creation of the Rybinsk Reservoir, the largest man-made body of water on Earth at that time, which inundated the entire former city of Mologa. Some 150,000 people had to be relocated from the city and other villages that were flooded by filling the reservoir.

By the early 1940s, the oblast had become one of the most industrialized regions of Russia. Its biggest economic centers were Yaroslavl (53% of the industrial output), Rybinsk (17%), and Kostroma (11%). Economic growth was accompanied with social and cultural development. A number of higher education institutes, theaters, and a philharmonia were founded in Yaroslavl and Rybinsk. The region was also significantly affected by the political repressions of that time and Stalin's purges. During the period from 1918 to 1975, some 18,155 people were given sentences for political crimes, and 2,219 were sentenced to death.

Although this was a rear region in the course of World War II, the Yaroslavl Oblast was in danger of invasion by Nazi Germany. Many regional manufacturers were relocated eastwards, and two strong lines of defense were constructed in late 1941. Out of 500,000 residents of the oblast sent to fight on the front lines, 200,000 (1/10 of the entire population) never returned and were presumed dead.

Soon after the end of the war, the oblast and national government completed such projects as construction of the Rybinsk Hydroelectric Power Station and establishing new industries. From the late 1960s, the local Poshekhonye brand of cheese received recognition throughout Russia. In 1979, Yarslavl started to host what is now the oldest jazz festival in Russia, Jazz Nad Volgoi ("Jazz on Volga").

Modern history
On 30 October 1997, Yaroslavl, alongside Astrakhan, Kirov, Murmansk, and Ulyanovsk signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia; it and the other oblasts gained autonomy. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia abolished this agreement on 15 March 2002.

Politics

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared among three persons: The first secretary of the Yaroslavl CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost this predominant power. The head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor, were appointed/elected alongside the members of the elected regional parliament.

In the 21st century, the Charter of Yaroslavl Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Yaroslavl Oblast Duma is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly passes laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and supervises the implementation and observance of such acts. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies, such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor, who is the highest official, and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

Administrative divisions

Demographics
Population:

Vital statistics for 2022:
Births: 9,365 (7.7 per 1,000)
Deaths: 19,503 (16.0 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):
1.31 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):
Total — 69.07 years (male — 63.78, female — 74.25)

Settlements

Ethnic composition

There were 51,001 people registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.

Life expectancy:

According to Rosstat.

Religion

Christianity is the largest religion in Yaroslavl Oblast. According to a 2012 survey 32.6% of the population of Yaroslavl Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 2% are Eastern Orthodox Christians who do not belong to church or are members of other (non-Russian) Eastern Orthodox churches, and 1% are Muslims. In addition, 34% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 15% is atheist, and 10.4% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.

Economy
The engineering and metalworking industry is the region's primary industrial sector, which supplies Russia with a wide variety of products. This industry is actively involved in foreign economic relations with CIS and other foreign countries.

Agriculture in the Oblast is mainly concerned with growing potatoes, vegetables, and flax, raising beef and dairy cattle, pigs, and sheep and fishing (on the Rybinskoe Reservoir).

Natural resources
Yaroslavl Oblast's greatest natural resources are water and forests. This part of Russia has enormous water reserves; Yaroslavl Oblast has 4327 rivers with a total length of nearly 20,000 km. There are also 83 lakes with total area of nearly 5,000 km2. The largest lakes are Nero Lake in Rostovsky District and Pleshcheyevo Lake in Pereslavsky District. Pleshcheevo, Somino, Vashutinskoe, Chashnikovskoe, Ryumnikovskoe, and Lovetskoe lakes are located in the State Natural History Park. These lakes were formed from melting glaciers about 70,000 years ago. The region's mineral resource base includes brick clay and clay aggregate, gravel and sand-gravel mix, peat, and sapropel.

See also
List of Chairmen of Yaroslavl Oblast Duma

References

External links

States and territories established in 1936
1936 establishments in the Soviet Union

Yaroslavl Oblast


Sixth Army may refer to:

Germany
 6th Army (German Empire), a World War I field Army
 6th Army (Wehrmacht), a World War II field army
 6th Panzer Army

Russia
 6th Army (Russian Empire)
 6th Army (RSFSR)
 6th Army (Soviet Union)

Others
 Sixth Army (France)
 Sixth Army (Italy)
 Sixth Army (Austria-Hungary)
 Sixth Army (Ottoman Empire)
 Sixth Army (Japan)
 Sixth United States Army

Sixth Army


Um "museu de selfies" ou "museu do Instagram" é um tipo de galeria de arte ou instalação projetada para fornecer um ambiente para os visitantes posarem em fotos a serem publicadas em sites de mídia social como o Instagram. As características típicas das exposições em um museu de selfies incluem cenários coloridos, adereços grandes e ilusões de ótica, como anamorfose.

29Rooms, uma instalação de arte imersiva de três dias criada pela Refinery29 em 2015 em Nova Iorque, foi citada como o primeiro exemplo desse tipo de instalação. O Museu do Sorvete, inaugurado em 2016, também é considerado o principal catalisador dos museus de selfies. Em 2019, havia dezenas de museus de selfies nos Estados Unidos. Eles enfrentaram desafios em 2020, quando a maioria foi forçada a fechar temporariamente devido à pandemia de COVID-19.

Alguns predecessores dessa tendência do mundo da arte contemporânea foram identificados, como Rain Room, Urban Light e os quartos espelhados de Yayoi Kusama. As obras de arte experimentais em grande escala exibidas no festival Burning Man também foram citadas como uma influência, assim como o coletivo de artistas Meow Wolf.

Alguns comentaristas criticaram o uso da palavra "museu" para descrever esses estabelecimentos. Ao contrário dos museus tradicionais, que muitas vezes são organizações sem fins lucrativos com uma missão educacional, os museus de selfies quase sempre são negócios com fins lucrativos, ganhando dinheiro com taxas de admissão e, em alguns casos, patrocínios corporativos. A fundadora do Museu do Sorvete, Maryellis Bunn, lamentou o uso da palavra e cunhou o termo "experium" (uma mala de viagem de "experiência" e "museu") para descrever tais negócios.

Os museus de selfies são um exemplo de comércio experimental. Muitas são exposições pop-up, abrindo por apenas alguns meses em um determinado local, enquanto outras são permanentes.

Bibliografia

Museus

Museu de selfie


Casino Marina del Sol Osorno es un casino de juego chileno, ubicado en la ciudad de Osorno, en la Región de los Lagos, Chile. El recinto está ubicado en calle Ejército Nº 395, a orillas del río Rahue.

Historia
Es el casino aprobado en 2006 por la Superintendencia de Casinos de Juego para la Región de los Lagos, a partir de la Ley 19.995 sobre Casinos que entró en vigencia en mayo de 2005; la cual permitió la existencia de 24 casinos en Chile (incluyendo los 7 casinos que existían hasta ese momento), con un mínimo garantizado de uno por región y un máximo de tres, y distanciados por un mínimo de 70 km viales.

Por otro lado, La Superintendencia de Casinos de Juego (SCJ) recibió, el 2 de abril de 2008, una solicitud de autorización de cambio societario de Latin Gaming Osorno S.A., sociedad que originalmente le pertenecía en 100% al grupo panameño Latin Gaming, para que Clairvest Group Inc. ingresara como un nuevo socio final a través de la persona jurídica Operadora Clairvest Latin Limitada, con una participación total de 65% de la propiedad, previa precalificación de sus socios por parte de la institución.

El Complejo Plaza Sol de Los Lagos cuenta con unos 40 mil metros cuadrados de edificación, siendo el casino inaugurado el 14 de enero de 2009  a las 15.30 h.

Infraestructura
El Casino presenta 292 máquinas de azar, 108 posiciones de bingo, y 21 mesas de juego; destacando entre ellos el black jack, poker, ruleta americana, craps (presentando una mesa de craps tradicional, que no la tiene ningún otro casino en Chile), entre otros.

Atracciones
Además del Casino, dentro del Complejo Plaza Sol de Los Lagos destaca:
Hotel
Discoteca
Restaurante

Bar
Bulevar (Bulevar con 15 locales comerciales de estilo arquitectónico temático de un pueblo bávaro-suizo tradicional)
Sala de Bowling
Spa
Gimnasio (Gimnasio Sport Life)
Centro comercial
Centro de entretenciones.

Igualmente forma parte de la remodelación urbanística del borde del río Rahue con carácter turístico, en el que se incluye o incluirá un paseo peatonal y costanera, el Fuerte Reina Luisa, y el Nuevo Puente San Pedro (ubicado al lado del Casino).

Véase también
Parque Pleistocénico de Osorno (Parque con esculturas de la megafauna prehistórica que habitó la zona de Osorno hace más de 12 mil años).
Fuerte Reina Luisa
Anexo:Casinos de Juego de Chile

Enlaces externos
Página oficial del casino

Referencias

Arquitectura de Osorno
Marina del Sol Osorno
Arquitectura de Chile de los años 2000
Arquitectura de 2009
Chile en 2009

Casino Marina del Sol Osorno


In computer science, type conversion, type casting, type coercion, and type juggling are different ways of changing an expression from one data type to another. An example would be the conversion of an integer value into a floating point value or its textual representation as a string, and vice versa. Type conversions can take advantage of certain features of type hierarchies or data representations. Two important aspects of a type conversion are whether it happens implicitly (automatically) or explicitly, and whether the underlying data representation is converted from one representation into another, or a given representation is merely reinterpreted as the representation of another data type. In general, both primitive and compound data types can be converted.

Each programming language has its own rules on how types can be converted. Languages with strong typing typically do little implicit conversion and discourage the reinterpretation of representations, while languages with weak typing perform many implicit conversions between data types.  Weak typing language often allow forcing the compiler to arbitrarily interpret a data item as having different representations—this can be a non-obvious programming error, or a technical method to directly deal with underlying hardware.

In most languages, the word coercion is used to denote an implicit conversion, either during compilation or during run time. For example, in an expression mixing integer and floating point numbers (like 5 + 0.1), the compiler will automatically convert integer representation into floating point representation so fractions are not lost. Explicit type conversions are either indicated by writing additional code (e.g. adding type identifiers or calling built-in routines) or by coding conversion routines for the compiler to use when it otherwise would halt with a type mismatch.

In most ALGOL-like languages, such as Pascal, Modula-2, Ada and Delphi, conversion and casting are distinctly different concepts. In these languages, conversion refers to either implicitly or explicitly changing a value from one data type storage format to another, e.g. a 16-bit integer to a 32-bit integer. The storage needs may change as a result of the conversion, including a possible loss of precision or truncation. The word cast, on the other hand, refers to explicitly changing the interpretation of the bit pattern representing a value from one type to another. For example, 32 contiguous bits may be treated as an array of 32 booleans, a 4-byte string, an unsigned 32-bit integer or an IEEE single precision floating point value. Because the stored bits are never changed, the programmer must know low level details such as representation format, byte order, and alignment needs, to meaningfully cast.

In the C family of languages and ALGOL 68, the word cast typically refers to an explicit type conversion (as opposed to an implicit conversion), causing some ambiguity about whether this is a re-interpretation of a bit-pattern or a real data representation conversion.  More important is the multitude of ways and rules that apply to what data type (or class) is located by a pointer and how a pointer may be adjusted by the compiler in cases like object (class) inheritance.

Explicit casting in various languages

Ada
Ada provides a generic library function Unchecked_Conversion.

C-like languages

Implicit type conversion
Implicit type conversion, also known as coercion or type juggling, is an automatic type conversion by the compiler. Some programming languages allow compilers to provide coercion; others require it.

In a mixed-type expression, data of one or more subtypes can be converted to a supertype as needed at runtime so that the program will run correctly. For example, the following is legal C language code:

double  d;
long    l;
int     i;

if (d > i)   d = i;
if (i > l)   l = i;
if (d == l)  d *= 2;

Although , , and  belong to different data types, they will be automatically converted to equal data types each time a comparison or assignment is executed. This behavior should be used with caution, as unintended consequences can arise. Data can be lost when converting representations from floating-point to integer, as the fractional components of the floating-point values will be truncated (rounded toward zero). Conversely, precision can be lost when converting representations from integer to floating-point, since a floating-point type may be unable to exactly represent all possible values of some integer type. For example,  might be an IEEE 754 single precision type, which cannot represent the integer 16777217 exactly, while a 32-bit integer type can. This can lead to unintuitive behavior, as demonstrated by the following code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int i_value   = 16777217;
    float f_value = 16777216.0;
    printf("The integer is: %d\n", i_value);
    printf("The float is:   %f\n", f_value);
    printf("Their equality: %d\n", i_value == f_value);
}

On compilers that implement floats as IEEE single precision, and ints as at least 32 bits, this code will give this peculiar print-out:

 The integer is: 16777217
 The float is: 16777216.000000
 Their equality: 1

Note that 1 represents equality in the last line above. This odd behavior is caused by an implicit conversion of  to float when it is compared with . The conversion causes loss of precision, which makes the values equal before the comparison.

Important takeaways:

  to  causes truncation, i.e., removal of the fractional part.
  to  causes rounding of digit.
  to  causes dropping of excess higher order bits.

Type promotion
One special case of implicit type conversion is type promotion, where an object is automatically converted into another data type representing a superset of the original type. Promotions are commonly used with types smaller than the native type of the target platform's arithmetic logic unit (ALU), before arithmetic and logical operations, to make such operations possible, or more efficient if the ALU can work with more than one type. C and C++ perform such promotion for objects of boolean, character, wide character, enumeration, and short integer types which are promoted to int, and for objects of type float, which are promoted to double. Unlike some other type conversions, promotions never lose precision or modify the value stored in the object.

In Java:
int x = 3;
double y = 3.5;
System.out.println(x + y); // The output will be 6.5

Explicit type conversion
Explicit type conversion, also called type casting, is a type conversion which is explicitly defined within a program (instead of being done automatically according to the rules of the language for implicit type conversion). It is requested by the user in the program.

double da = 3.3;
double db = 3.3;
double dc = 3.4;
int result = (int)da + (int)db + (int)dc; // result == 9
// if implicit conversion would be used (as with "result = da + db + dc"), result would be equal to 10

There are several kinds of explicit conversion.

 checked Before the conversion is performed, a runtime check is done to see if the destination type can hold the source value. If not, an error condition is raised.
 unchecked No check is performed. If the destination type cannot hold the source value, the result is undefined.
 bit pattern The raw bit representation of the source is copied verbatim, and it is re-interpreted according to the destination type. This can also be achieved via aliasing.

In object-oriented programming languages, objects can also be downcast : a reference of a base class is cast to one of its derived classes.

C# and C++
In C#, type conversion can be made in a safe or unsafe (i.e., C-like) manner, the former called checked type cast.

Animal animal = new Cat();

Bulldog b = (Bulldog) animal;  // if (animal is Bulldog), stat.type(animal) is Bulldog, else an exception
b = animal as Bulldog;         // if (animal is Bulldog), b = (Bulldog) animal, else b = null

animal = null;
b = animal as Bulldog;         // b == null

In C++ a similar effect can be achieved using C++-style cast syntax.

Animal* animal = new Cat;

Bulldog* b = static_cast<Bulldog*>(animal); // compiles only if either Animal or Bulldog is derived from the other (or same)
b = dynamic_cast<Bulldog*>(animal);         // if (animal is Bulldog), b = (Bulldog*) animal, else b = nullptr

Bulldog& br = static_cast<Bulldog&>(*animal); // same as above, but an exception will be thrown if a nullptr was to be returned
                                              // this is not seen in code where exception handling is avoided

delete animal; // always free resources
animal = nullptr;
b = dynamic_cast<Bulldog*>(animal);         // b == nullptr

Eiffel

In Eiffel the notion of type conversion is integrated into the rules of the type system. The Assignment Rule says that an assignment, such as:
x := y
is valid if and only if the type of its source expression, y in this case, is compatible with the type of its target entity, x in this case. In this rule, compatible with means that the type of the source expression either conforms to or converts to that of the target. Conformance of types is defined by the familiar rules for polymorphism in object-oriented programming. For example, in the assignment above, the type of y conforms to the type of x if the class upon which y is based is a descendant of that upon which x is based.

Definition of type conversion in Eiffel
The actions of type conversion in Eiffel, specifically converts to and converts from are defined as:

A type based on a class CU converts to a type T based on a class CT (and T converts from U) if either
CT has a conversion procedure using U as a conversion type, or
CU has a conversion query listing T as a conversion type

Example

Eiffel is a fully compliant language for Microsoft .NET Framework. Before development of .NET, Eiffel already had extensive class libraries. Using the .NET type libraries, particularly with commonly used types such as strings, poses a conversion problem. Existing Eiffel software uses the string classes (such as STRING_8) from the Eiffel libraries, but Eiffel software written for .NET must use the .NET string class (System.String) in many cases, for example when calling .NET methods which expect items of the .NET type to be passed as arguments. So, the conversion of these types back and forth needs to be as seamless as possible.

    my_string: STRING_8                 -- Native Eiffel string
    my_system_string: SYSTEM_STRING     -- Native .NET string

        ...

            my_string := my_system_string

In the code above, two strings are declared, one of each different type (SYSTEM_STRING is the Eiffel compliant alias for System.String). Because System.String does not conform to STRING_8, then the assignment above is valid only if System.String converts to STRING_8.

The Eiffel class STRING_8 has a conversion procedure make_from_cil for objects of type System.String. Conversion procedures are also always designated as creation procedures (similar to constructors). The following is an excerpt from the STRING_8 class:

    class STRING_8
        ...
    create
        make_from_cil
        ...
    convert
        make_from_cil ({SYSTEM_STRING})
        ...

The presence of the conversion procedure makes the assignment:

            my_string := my_system_string

semantically equivalent to:

            create my_string.make_from_cil (my_system_string)

in which my_string is constructed as a new object of type STRING_8 with content equivalent to that of my_system_string.

To handle an assignment with original source and target reversed:

            my_system_string := my_string

the class STRING_8 also contains a conversion query to_cil which will produce a System.String from an instance of STRING_8.

    class STRING_8
        ...
    create
        make_from_cil
        ...
    convert
        make_from_cil ({SYSTEM_STRING})
        to_cil: {SYSTEM_STRING}
        ...

The assignment:

            my_system_string := my_string

then, becomes equivalent to:

            my_system_string := my_string.to_cil

In Eiffel, the setup for type conversion is included in the class code, but then appears to happen as automatically as explicit type conversion in client code. The includes not just assignments but other types of attachments as well, such as argument (parameter) substitution.

Rust
Rust provides no implicit type conversion (coercion) between primitive types. But, explicit type conversion (casting) can be performed using the as keyword.
let x = 1000;
println!("1000 as a u16 is: {}", x as u16);

Implicit casting using untagged unions
Many programming languages support union types which can hold a value of multiple types. Untagged unions are provided in some languages with loose type-checking, such as C and PL/I, but also in the original Pascal. These can be used to interpret the bit pattern of one type as a value of another type.

Security issues
In hacking, typecasting is the misuse of type conversion to temporarily change a variable's data type from how it was originally defined. This provides opportunities for hackers since in type conversion after a variable is "typecast" to become a different data type, the compiler will treat that hacked variable as the new data type for that specific operation.

See also
 Downcasting

 Type punning

References

External links
 Casting in Ada
 Casting in C++
 C++ Reference Guide Why I hate C++ Cast Operators, by Danny Kalev
 Casting in Java
 Implicit Conversions in C#
 Implicit Type Casting at Cppreference.com
 Static and Reinterpretation castings in C++
 Upcasting and Downcasting in F#

Data types
Operators (programming)
Type theory
Unary operations

Type conversion


Linares (asturisch Ḷḷinares) ist eine Parroquia und ein Ort in der Gemeinde Allande der Autonomen Gemeinschaft Asturien im Norden Spaniens.Die 71 Einwohner (2011) leben auf einer Fläche von 3,83 km². Pola de Allande, der Verwaltungssitz der Gemeinde, ist nach 6,8 km zu erreichen.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Pfarrkirche in Linares aus dem 14. Jahrhundert

Dörfer und Weiler

Quellen

 Bevölkerungszahlen siehe
 Koordinaten und Höhenangaben siehe Google Earth

Weblinks
 Infoseite im Tourismusportal vivirasturias en, es
 Karte von Asturien (PDF; 12,52 MB)

Ort in Asturien
Allande

Linares (Asturien)


Yarımsöğüt, Çorum ilinin Sungurlu ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1925 yılı kayıtlarında Zanğalı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında ise Zangı olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 92 km, Sungurlu ilçe merkezine 22 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Sungurlu belde ve köyleri

Yarımsöğüt, Sungurlu


المجلس الأعلى للتربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي مؤسسة دستورية ذات طابع استشاري يترأسها الملك بموجب الفصل 32 من دستور المملكة المغربية. تمت إعادة تنظيم المجلس الأعلى للتعليم بمقتضى الظهير الشريف رقم 1.05.152 الصادر في 11 من محرم 1427، الموافق ل 10 فبراير2006. يتألف من ممثلين عن كافة القطاعات والفاعلين المعنيين بمسألة التربية والتكوين، إذ يضم، بالإضافة إلى أعضاء معينين لشخصهم، باعتبار كفاءتهم في ميدان التربية والتكوين أو لصفتهم، أعضاء ممثلين لمجلسي البرلمان، وأعضاء ممثلين للنقابات التعليمية وللموظفين والمشغلين وآباء التلاميذ والمدرسين والطلبة والتلاميذ والجمعيات العاملة بقطاعات التربية والتكوين.

مهام المجلس وصلاحياته

يتولى المجلس، طبقا لأحكام الفصل 168 من الدستور. باعتباره هيئة استشاريةّ، مهام إبداء الرأي في كل السياسات العمومية، والقضايا ذات الطابع الوطني، التي تهم ميادين التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي، وكذا بشأن أهداف المرافق العمومية المكلفة بهذه الميادين، وسيرها، والمساهمة في تقييم السياسات والبرامج العمومية المرتبطة بها.

ولنفس الغرض، يمارس المجلس حسب المادة الثانية من الباب الثاني من القانون رقم 105.12 الصلاحيات الآتية:
 إبداء الرأي في كل قضية من القضايا المتعلقة بالمنظومة الوطنية للتربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي، التي يعرضها عليه الملك من أجل ذلك.
 إبداء الرأي في القضايا ذات الصلة بالاختيارات الوطنية الكبرى التي تحيلها الحكومة، وكذا التوجهات العامة، والبرامج والمشاريع ذات الأهمية الخاصة المتعلقة بقطاعات التربية والتكوين المهني والبحث العلمي.
 إبداء الرأي لفائدة الحكومة والبرلمان، بشأن مشاريع ومقترحات القوانين والقوانين التنظيمية والنصوص التنظيمية، التي يعرضها عليه من أجل ذلك رئيس الحكومة أو رئيس مجلس النواب أو رئيس مجلس المستشارين حسب كل حالة، سيما مشاريع ومقترحات القوانين التي تضع إطارا للأهداف الأساسية للدولة في ميادين التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.
 إنجاز تقييمات شمولية أو قطاعية أو موضوعاتية للسياسات والبرامج العمومية في مجالات التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي ونشر نتائجها.
 إعداد دراسات وأبحاث بمبادرة منه، أو بناء على طلب من الحكومة، بشأن كل مسألة تهم التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي أو تتعلق بتسيير المرافق العمومية المكلفة بها.
 تقديم كل مقترح للحكومة من شأنه:
 الإسهام في تحسين جودة المنظومة الوطنية للتربية والتكوين، وضمان إصلاحها، والرفع من مردوديتها، وتطوير أدائها.
 تشجيع سياسات تطوير بنيات البحث العلمي، ودعما، وتحفيز الباحثين العاملين بها، على الإبداع والابتكار.
 إقامة علاقة شراكة وتعاون مع القطاعات والمؤسسات والهيئات على الصعيدين الوطني والدولي في مجال اختصاصه.
 أن يدلي المجلس برأيه في القضايا والمشاريع والمقترحات والبرامج المحالة إليه بموجب المادة الثانية من هذا القانون، خلال أجل لا يتجاوز شهرين يسري ابتداء من تاريخ توصله بها.

وحسب المادة 5، وتطبيقا لأحكام الفصل 160 من الدستور. يقدم المجلس تقريرا عن حصيلة وآفاق عمله كل سنة على الأقل، ويرفع رئيس المجلس هذا التقرير إلى الملك، ويوجهه إلى رئيس الحكومة ورئيس مجلس النواب ورئيس مجلس المستشارين، ويكون موضوع مناقشة أمام البرلمان. وينشر هذا لتقرير بالجريدة الرسمية.

تأليف المجلس

يتألف المجلس، حسب المادة 7 علاوة على الرئيس الذي يعين من قبل الملك لمدة خمس سنوات قابلة للتجديد مرة واحدة، من أعضاء يراعى في تعيينهم السعي إلى تحقيق مبدأ المناصفة بين الرجال والنساء طبقا لأحكام الفصل 19 من الدستور، ويتوزعون كالآتي:

 فئة الخبراء والمتخصصين:
تتألف هذه الفئة من 20 عضوا يعينهم الملك من بين الشخصيات المشهود لها بالخبرة والكفاءة والتخصص في مجالات التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.
 فئة الأعضاء المعينين لصفتهم:
وتتألف هذه الفئة الآتي بيان دكرها من:

 أعضاء الحكومة المكلفين بالقطاعات الآتية:
 التربية الوطنية والتكوين المهني.
 التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي وتكوين الأطر.
 الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية.
 الثقافة
 القطاع المكلف بالمغاربة المقيمين في الخارج وشؤون الهجرة.
 الشخصيات الممثلة لبعض الهيئات والمؤسسات:
 الكاتب العام للمجلس العلمي الأعلى.
 المندوب الوزاري لحقوق الإنسان.
 أمين السر الدائم لأكاديمية الحسن الثاني للعلوم والتقنيات.
 رئيس أكاديمية محمد السادس للغة العربية.
 عميد المعهد الملكي للثقافة الأمازيغية.
 مدير مكتب التكوين المهني وإنعاش الشغل.
 مدير المركز الوطني للبحث العلمي والتقني.
 رئيس مؤسسة محمد السادس للنهوض بالأعمال الاجتماعية للتربية والتكوين.
 مدير الوكالة الوطنية لمحاربة الأمية.

أجهزة المجلس
حسب المادة 11، وعلاوة على الرئيس، يتكون المجلس من الهيئات الآتية:
 الجمعية العامة.
 مكتب المجلس.
 الأمين العام.
 اللجان الدائمة.
 الهيئة الوطنية لتقييم منظومة التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.
 لجان مؤقتة أو مجموعة عمل خاصة طبقا لمقتضيات المادة 12 بعده.

مهام الجمعية العامة

تتداول الجمعية العامة طبقا للمادة 21 من هذا القانون، في كل القضايا المعروضة على المجلس من قبل الملك، أو المحالة إليه من طرف الحكومة أو البرلمان، وكذا في كل القضايا التي يدرجها المجلس تلقائيا في جدول أعماله.
واستنادا على ذلك؛ تصادق الجمعية العامة على مشروع برنامج العمل السنوي للمجلس ومشروع ميزانيته.

تتداول في مشاريع الآراء والتقارير والتوصيات المعروضة عليها من لدن لجان المجلس ومجموعات العمل الخاصة.

تبت في مآل نتائج وخلاصات أشغال اللجان ومجموعات العمل الخاصة والهيئة الوطنية لتقييم منظومة التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.

تقوم الجمعية العامة بانتخاب أعضائها في هيئات المجلس وفق الكيفيات المحددة في النظام الداخلي.

إحداث لجان مؤقتة أو مجموعات عمل خاصة لتكليفها بدراسة موضوع معين يدخل ضمن مهامه وصلاحياته، على أن لا تتداخل مهامها مع اختصاصات اللجان الدائمة أو الهيئة الوطنية لتقييم منظومة التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي المحدثة بموجب هذا القانون.

مكتب المجلس

حسب المادة 13، يتألف مكتب المجلس، علاوة على الرئيس، من تسعة أعضاء يمثلون الفئات الثلاث المكونة للمجلس، تنتخبهم الجمعية العامة من بين أعضائها لمدة سنتين ونصف قابلة للتجديد مرة واحدة، ويحدد النظام الداخلي للمجلس كيفيات هذه الانتخابات.

كيفيات تسيير المجلس

حسب المادة 19، يرأس رئيس المجلس الجمعية العامة ومكتب المجلس، ويتولى الإشراف العام على شؤون المجلس، واتخاذ كافة التدابير اللازمة لضمان تدبيره وحسن سيره، ولا سيما:
 حصر جدول أعمال دورات المجلس بالتشاور مع مكتب المجلس.
 دعوة أعضاء المجلس للاجتماع في الدورات العادية والاستثنائية.
 إبلاغ نتائج أشغال المجلس إلى السلطة التي طلبت منه الرأي والسهر على تتبع مآلها.
 تنسيق أعمال اللجان ومجموعات العمل الخاصة والهيئة الوطنية لتقييم منظومة التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.
 إعداد وتنفيذ الميزانية السنوية للمجلس، التي تجدد توقعات المداخيل والنفقات السنوية للمجلس ولهيئاته.
 تمثيل المجلس أمام القضاء ولدى باقي السلطات والإدارات العمومية والأغيار، والمنظمات، والمؤسسات الأجنبية، أو الدولية.
 إبرام اتفاقيات للشراكة والتعاون باسم المجلس مع القطاعات والمؤسسات والهيئات على الصعيدين الوطني والدولي في مجال اختصاصه.

التنظيم المالي والإداري للمجل

حسب المادة 24، يتمتع المجلس، بصفته هيئة للحكامة الجيدة، بكامل الأهلية القانونية والاستقلال المالي.
يحدد تنظيم واختصاصات المصالح الإدارية للمجلس بقرار من رئيسه بعد استشارة المكتب.

حسب المادة 25، يعهد بأعمال سكرتارية المجلس إلى أمين عام يعين بظهير، بحيث يتولى مساعدة الرئيس في مهامه، وبهذه الصفة يسهر على تسيير إدارة المجلس وتدبير شؤون الموظفين، وفقا للتفويض المخول له من قبل رئيس المجلس.

ويقوم علاوة على ذلك بإعداد الوثائق والمستندات المتعلقة باجتماعات المجلس ومسك محاضره، كما يعتبر مسؤولا عن مسك وحفظ بيانات وتقارير وملفات ومحفوظات المجلس، ويساهم في تنسيق أشغال اللجان ومجموعات العمل الخاصة المحدثة لدى المجلس والهيئة الوطنية لتقييم منظومة التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.
كما يشارك الأمين العام في أشغال المجلس وفي أشغال مكتبه بصفة استشارية.

نصوص منظمة

 خطب صاحب الجلالة الملك محمد السادس، مقتطفات متعلقة بالتربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.
 ظهـير شريف رقم 1.14.100 صادر في 16 مــن رجب 1435 (16 ماي 2014)، بتنفيذ القانون رقم 105.12 المتعلق بالمجلس الأعلى للتربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.
 الظهير رقم 1-11-91 من 27 شعبان 1432 بإصدار نص الدستور.
 الظهير الشريف رقم 1.05.152 الصادر في 11 محرم 1427 ، القاضي بإعادة تنظيم المجلس الأعلى للتعليم.
 الجريدة الرسمية عدد 6257 بتاريخ 19 رجب 1435 (19 ماي 2014).
 الميثاق الوطني للتربية والتكوين.
 الرؤية الاستراتيجية للإصلاح 2015-2030: من أجل مدرسة الإنصاف والجودة والارتقاء.
 القانون الإطار رقم 17-51 المتعلق بمنظومة التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.

انظر أيضاً
 التضامن الجامعي المغربي
 الاتحاد الوطني لطلبة المغرب

مراجع

التعليم في المغرب


DIN 128 er en DIN-Standart for en fjederskive.

Kilde
http://bolte.dk/fjederskiver-din-128-a-center/
DIN-standarder

DIN 128


Ploča Jangce, također nazvana Južnokineski blok ili Južnokineska podploča, čini najveći dio južne Kine. Na istoku je Ploča Okinawa od koje je odijeljena rascjepom koji tvori Okinavski jarak, koji je zalučni bazen. Na jugu graniči sa pločom Sundska i Filipinskom pločom, a na sjeveru i zapadu Euroazijskom pločom. Na rasjedu Longmenshan se zbio potres u Sečuanu 2008. godine.

Ploča Jangce nastala je razdvajanjem superkontinenta Rodinije prije 750 milijuna godina, u neoproterozoiku. Južna Kina se odvojila od superkontinenta Gondvane u siluru. Tijekom formiranja velikog superkontinenta Pangea, Južna Kina je bila manji, odvojeni kontinent koji se nalazio uz istočnu obalu superkontinenta i plutao prema sjeveru. U trijasu se ploča Jangce sudarila sa Sjevernokineskom pločom, povezujući se tako s Pangeom i formirala bazen Sečuana. U kenozoiku je ploča Yangtze bila pod utjecajem sudara indijske i euroazijske ploče što je dovelo do podizanja planina Longmen. Njeno kretanje prema jugu odvija se uzduž rasjeda Crvene rijeke.

Izvori

Litosferne ploče

Ploča Jangce


Os Jubileus Formais dos Monarcas Britânicos começaram com Jorge III do Reino Unido. No início do 50º ano de seu reinado, seu jubileu foi celebrado em todas as Ilhas Britânicas e suas posses coloniais. Monarcas posteriores adicionaram outros anos de jubileu.

Jorge III do Reino Unido

Vitória do Reino Unido

Jorge V do Reino Unido

Isabel II do Reino Unido
A primeira celebração em forma de Jubileu para a Rainha Isabel II foi em 1962, quando marcou seu aniversário de 10 anos no trono. A Casa da Moeda Real também lançou uma série de soberanos, com o retrato de "Jovem Cabeça", de Mary Gillick, em 1962, para marcar o marco.

Os jubileus da Rainha Isabel II estão listados abaixo:

Galeria

Referências

Ligações externas

 The Guardian - O que é um Jubileu (inglês)
 Jubileu!: Uma História dos Jubileus Reais em Parques Públicos
 Como os jubileus de prata, ouro e diamante da Rainha se comparam pelo The Telegraph
 Jubileu de Platina: Como celebramos no passado? pela BBC News

Monarcas britânicos

Lista de Jubileus de Monarcas Britânicos


An Phaius tankervilleae in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Joseph Banks, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Carl Ludwig von Blume. An Phaius tankervilleae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Phaius, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Phaius

Phaius tankervilleae


El Basque Culinary Center es una institución académica y de investigación con sede en San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa (España).

Se compone de dos centros:
La Facultad de Ciencias Gastronómicas, adscrita a la Universidad de Mondragón.
El Centro de Investigación e Innovación, instituto de investigación en el ámbito de la Alimentación y Gastronomía.

Historia
Nació en 2009 como un proyecto de formación, investigación e innovación destinado al desarrollo del sector gastronómico, con una clara vocación internacional y bajo la idea de relacionar la cocina con la gestión, la ciencia y otras disciplinas.

La puesta en marcha de este proyecto gastronómico arrancó de varios objetivos. Entre ellos, destaca, primero, la necesidad de desarrollar el potencial de la cocina como sector de innovación en el futuro, lo que supone, además, la generación de conocimientos de alto nivel y la formación de profesionales cualificados; segundo, el reto de promover la investigación y la transferencia de conocimientos entre los profesionales de la gastronomía y los sectores empresariales y del conocimiento relacionados directa e indirectamente con la gastronomía; y, tercero, lograr una proyección internacional. Desde Basque Culinary Center, se persiguen otros objetivos adicionales en el ámbito de la gestión, como la posibilidad de impulsar la transferencia tecnológica y la innovación en las empresas del sector; y la creación de nuevas iniciativas y proyectos empresariales. La apuesta es firme: un proyecto estratégico con vocación internacional. Esta vocación global también se refleja en el perfil de los alumnos que cursan sus estudios en el Basque Culinary Center, donde, además de la diversidad regional entre los españoles, se percibe el atractivo del proyecto entre los estudiantes procedentes de países como Canadá, China, Brasil, Bélgica, Italia, México y Colombia, entre otros.

Organización

El patronato de la Fundación Basque Culinary Center está constituido por los cocineros que participaron activamente en el lanzamiento de la iniciativa y que hoy siguen estrechamente ligados al proyecto –entre ellos, están Juan Mari Arzak, Martin Berasategui, Pedro Subijana, Karlos Argiñano, Andoni Luis Aduriz, Hilario Arbelaitz y Eneko Atxa–; entidades del sector del conocimiento, Universidad de Mondragón y el centro tecnológico AZTI; instituciones públicas, Gobierno vasco, Diputación Foral de Guipúzcoa y Ayuntamiento de San Sebastián; y empresas líderes en el sector de la alimentación y bebidas.

El Basque Culinary Center también cuenta con un Consejo Asesor Internacional, presidido por Ferran Adrià e integrado por algunos de los cocineros más influyentes del mundo. Entre ellos, están Yukkio Hattori (Japón), Massimo Bottura (Italia), Michel Bras (Francia), Dan Barber (Estados Unidos), Gastón Acurio (Perú), Alex Atala (Brasil), Heston Blumenthal (Reino Unido), Joan Roca (España), Enrique Olvera (México) y René Redzepi (Dinamarca).

El objetivo de este organismo es asesorar en labores estratégicas al patronato de la Facultad de Ciencias Gastronómicas y del Centro de Investigación e Innovación; y dar una proyección internacional a la apuesta del Basque Culinary Center como proyecto de formación, investigación e innovación dirigido al desarrollo del sector gastronómico y culinario, con una evidente vocación mundial. Con esta idea, nació y funciona: "Un proyecto abierto al mundo, que pretende ser generador de nuevos profesionales y de nuevos conocimientos en ciencias gastronómicas".

Oferta educativa
 Grado Universitario en Gastronomía y Artes Culinarias.
 Máster en Turismo Gastronómico.
 Máster de Perfeccionamiento en Cocina.
 Máster en Cocina: Técnica, Producto y Creatividad.
 Máster en Pastelería de Restaurante y Cocina Dulce.
 Máster en Innovación y Gestión de Restaurantes.
 Máster en Sumillería y Enomárketing.
 Curso de Especialización Experto en Bartender y Coctelería Moderna.
 Curso de Especialización Creación de Postres de Autor.
 Curso de Especialización Perfeccionamiento de Técnicas Culinarias.
 Curso de Especialización Técnicas Culinarias de Vanguardia.
 Cursos para profesionales.

Véase también

 Basque Culinary World Prize

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Web oficial
 Bendecida por las estrellas

Escuelas de cocina
Facultades y escuelas universitarias de España del siglo XXI
Universidad de Mondragón
Gastronomía de Guipúzcoa
Cultura de Guipúzcoa
Arquitectura de San Sebastián
Educación en San Sebastián
Arquitectura de España de 2009
Instituciones educativas establecidas en 2009

Basque Culinary Center


منطقة  الصنمين منطقة سورية إدارية تتبع محافظة درعا  ومركزها مدينة الصنمين، بلغ تعداد سكان المنطقة 167,882 نسمة حسب التعداد السكاني لعام 2004.

نواحي منطقة  الصنمين
ناحية مركز الصنمين
ناحية المسمية
ناحية غباغب

المراجع

منطقة الصنمين
صنمين

منطقة الصنمين


The International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs (or IAGSDC) is an international umbrella organization for gay square dance.  The association includes over eighty clubs.  Most clubs are in the United States and Canada, with one club in Japan. There are no longer any active clubs in Britain, Denmark, or Australia.

Annual conventions
An annual convention is held usually in early July drawing gay and lesbian dancers, their partners and other friendly square dancers from around the world.  In addition to 4 days of dancing to top callers, other highlights of the conventions include "The Honky Tonk Queen Contest"— a ribald country-western drag queen contest and show, the "Fun Badge Tour""— a bus tour of the hosting town with stops to square dance at the most unexpected places, and the convention banquet. Peter Lawlor from Neasden and his Kingsbury lover Nick Gaul are known to be founding members.

At the 2010 IAGSDC Convention held in Chicago over 4 July weekend, an IAGSDC History Wiki was unveiled.

External links
 International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs
 Guide to IAGSDC Conventions
 Wiki-fied version of the Guide to IAGSDC Conventions document
 Listing of active chapters
 IAGSDC History Wiki

Dance organizations
International LGBT sports organizations
Square dance
LGBT dance


Free Derry Corner trg je u četvrti Bogside u Derryju, u Sjevernoj Irskoj koji se nalazi na križanju ulica Lecky Road, Rossville Street i Fahan Street. Na jednom muralu iz 1969. lokalni aktivist John "Caker" Casey napisao je:: "Ulaziš u slobodni Derry".

Lokalno stanovništvo naziva trg Free Derry Corner, dok mediji nazivaju ovaj trg samo "the area" (hr. područje, oblast). Trg se nalazi u predgrađima Bogsidea a zajedno s okolnim ulicama bio je poprište Krvave nedjelje) i bitke za Bogside. Zbog lokacije trga tu su napravljene linije obrane kada su izbile ulične borbe. Poslije pobjede u bitki za Bogside lokalno stanovništvo četvrti slavilo je na Free Derry Corneru 30. i 31. kolovoza 1969., zajedno s velikim brojem poznatih Iraca.

Danas je trg veći nego što je bio 1960-ih i 1970-ih, jer je veliki broj kuća britanska vojska srušila ili zapalila tijekom Sjevernoirskog sukoba.
Kuća na kojoj je Casey naslikao svoju dobrodošlicu također je srušena ali je zid sa slikom sačuvan, zajedno s još jednom njegovom slikom na drugoj strani zida. Na Free Derry Corneru nalazi se spomen Štrajku glađu 1981. kao i još nekoliko murala.

Osim toga tu je i spomen-ploča onima koju su poginuli kao članovi Privremene IRA-e u Derry brigadi.

Vanjske poveznice

Naselja u Sjevernoj Irskoj

Free Derry Corner


Louis Rossi (Le Mans, 23 de junio de 1989) es un expiloto de motociclismo que  compitió en la categoría de Moto2 en el equipo Tech 3.

Biografía

Inicios
Desde muy pequeño ya se interesó por las motos. En 2007 queda subcampeón del campeonato de Francia de Superbikes de 125 cc. En 2008 corre el Campeonato de España de Velocidad (CEV) quedando en 5.° puesto gracias a 2 podios.

125cc
En 2007 corre su primera carrera en 125 en el Gran Premio de Portugal de la mano de Honda.

En 2008 corre su primera temporada completa, sin conseguir ningún punto siendo sustituido en el Gran Premio de San Marino.

En 2010, vuelve al campeonato del mundo, consiguiendo dos puntos en el Gran Premio de República Checa y finalizando la temporada en  27.° posición con 2 puntos.

En 2011 realiza una campaña que consigue 31 puntos en la clasificación final, alcanzando el puesto 17.° Su mejor resultado fue el 9.° puesto conseguido en el Gran Premio de Australia.
En el Gran Premio de Valencia de 2011, consiguió salir en 2.° posición en la parrilla de salida, solo superado por Danny Webb.

Moto3
Para la temporada 2012, la categoría de 125cc cambia de nombre y de cilindrada pasando a llamarse Moto3, Rossi también cambia de escudería y vuelve a Honda con el Racing Team Germany. En la pretemporada Rossi rueda rápido, no muy lejos de los mejores tiempos, lo que le coloca entre uno de los posibles pilotos a tener en cuenta esta temporada. En la primera prueba del campeonato,  disputado en el Gran Premio de Catar, Rossi consigue salir en la 3.ª posición de la parrilla de salida, solo superado por Sandro Cortese y Maverick Viñales.
En la carrera Rossi consigue un 9.° puesto, después de luchar durante toda la carrera incluso por el podio. En el siguiente Gran Premio disputado en Jerez, Rossi se cayó cuando iba en 3.° posición, lo cual pudo haber significado el primer podio de su carrera. En el Gran Premio de Francia, Rossi sale 15.° poco a poco va remontando hasta que finalmente se alza con la primera victoria de su carrera en el mundial, quedando por delante de Alberto Moncayo y Álex Rins.
En el Gran Premio de Cataluña, Rossi consigue el 3.° mejor tiempo en la clasificación y luego ya en carrera consiguió liderarla, pero después de un toque el tubo de escape de su moto se suelta haciendo que su rendimiento baje hasta que finalmente consigue un 4.° puesto, quedándose cerca del pódium.
Finalmente el último tercio del Campeonato fue muy negativo para Rossi, con muchos abandonos, y muchas caídas. Consiguió acabar el Campeonato en 11.ª plaza con 86 puntos.

Moto2
Para la temporada 2013, Rossi confirma su fichaje por el equipo Tech 3, dando el salto a la categoría de Moto2, y teniendo de compañero al británico Danny Kent.

Resultados en el Campeonato del Mundo

Por temporada

Por categoría

Carreras por Año
(Carreras en negrita indica pole position, carreras en cursiva indica vuelta rápida)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
MotoGP.com

Pilotos de Aprilia
Pilotos de Honda en motociclismo
Pilotos de motociclismo de Francia
Nacidos en Le Mans

Louis Rossi


Francesco Tadolini, né le  à Bologne et mort le  dans la même ville, est un architecte néo-classique italien.

Biographie
Francesco Tadolini naît en 1723 dans la paroisse de San Biagio de Bologne, d'Antonio Maria Tadolini et de Anna Maria Teresa Barbieri. Il est baptisé à la cathédrale San Pietro. Son père né vers 1687 travaillait dans la construction et avait épousé une femme de treize ans plus jeune que lui. La famille vivait dans un milieu très modeste, et la maison où elle habite de 1722 à 1726 est louée de la famille Vecchi. Francesco avait deux sœurs, Cecilia née en 1720 et Teresa née en 1721, et deux frères, Domenico Maria né en 1725 et qui deviendra un musicien et Petronio né en 1727 et qui deviendra quant à lui sculpteur. Un neveu du père du nom de Francesco, né vers 1708, vivait aussi avec eux et travaillait avec Antonio Maria. Puisque son nom n'apparaît dans aucuns registres baptismaux locaux, il est théorisé que le père Antonio Maria soit né ailleurs. Le nom de famille Tadolini est cependant typiquement bolonais, ayant été enregistré dès le . Il semble originaire du village de Tedo, aujourd'hui .

Le jeune Francesco apprend le métier de maçon de son père, mais peut aussi accéder aux hautes études dû à un mentorat qu'il a avec les architectes Domenico Civoli (1705-1778) et Carlo Francesco Dotti. Il devient par la suite élève à l'Accademia Clementina où il gagne de nombreux prix en dessin. Au début de sa carrière, il rencontre Carlo Cesare Malvasia, amateur d'architecture, et proche de l'écrivain Francesco Algarotti. Cette relation lui permettra de recevoir de nombreuses commissions et d'être reconnu dans le milieu architectural bolonais. Il conçoit notamment pour Malvasia un palais qui sera construit en 1760. Il entreprend subséquemment la rénovation de nombreux bâtiments urbains dans les années qui suivent, comme l', le Palazzo Stella-Castelli, le palais Malvezzi-Locatelli ou le Palazzo Gnudi.

Tadolini travaille non seulement dans les alentours de Bologne, mais se rend aussi à Faenza, où il conçoit la nouvelle , et à Ferrare, où il aurait participé à la reconstruction du Palazzo Bevilacqua-Costabili, pour lequel il aurait apporté du matériel de construction. Il effectue aussi des tâches administratives outre l'architecture, comme le démontre sa vérification de la structure de la  et sa suppression de plusieurs couvents, qui sont préservés dans les archives des Malvasia. Il retourne aussi à l'académie en 1759 pour devenir professeur et en est le prince en 1782. Lors de la réforme de l'Académie en 1804, qui devient l'Académie des beaux-arts de Bologne, Tadolini garde son titre d'Académicien d'honneur.

L'architecte épouse Maddalena de Maria, avec qui il a sept enfants : Tommaso né en 1763, Antonio Gioseffo né en 1768 et devenu plus tard un prêtre, Antonio Maria né en 1771, Gertrude Maria, Cattarina, Anna et Maria Catterina, qui marie Vincenzo Baruzzi en 1788. Le fils de Maria Cattarina et de Vincenzo est le sculpteur . En 1789, Tadolini emménage dans une maison qu'il a construite piazza Aldrovandi et y meurt en 1805. Il avait comme élève Angelo Venturoli.

Œuvres

Ses conceptions architecturales sont pour beaucoup de grande valeur et sont un témoignage important du retour du classicisme à Bologne durant la seconde moitié du . Son style du neo-cinquecentto, est au début très critiqué, notamment le Palazzo Malvasia, mais s'est établi avec le temps en tant qu'un élément de noblesse innovatif et qui rappelait le passé. Ce style s'est par la suite imposé à Bologne et était notamment prôné par Angelo Venturoli.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Liste de peintres italiens

Bibliographie
 .
 .

Liens externes

Architecte italien du XVIIIe siècle
Architecte néo-classique
Naissance en septembre 1723
Naissance à Bologne
Naissance dans les États pontificaux
Décès en août 1805
Décès à Bologne
Décès à 81 ans

Francesco Tadolini


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Zavar enthält die fünf nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Zavar im Okres Trnava.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Zavar


McCartan ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 McCartan war ein irischer Clan in Ulster, der Irische Hochkönige stellte

 Edward McCartan (1879–1947), amerikanischer Bildhauer
 Jack McCartan (* 1935), US-amerikanischer Eishockeytorwart und -trainer
 Ryan McCartan (* 1993), US-amerikanischer Schauspieler

McCartan


La corrosión por rendija, o por grietas, más conocida por el nombre que se le da en inglés: corrosión crevice, es un fenómeno corrosivo que ocurre en espacios en los cuales el acceso del fluido con el que se está trabajado en el medio ve limitada su difusión. Estos espacios son llamados comúnmente como "rendijas", también se les conoce con el nombre que se les da en inglés, es decir, "crevices".

Ejemplos de rendijas son los espacios y áreas de contactos entre piezas, en juntas o sellos, dentro de cavidades, grietas y costuras.

Mecanismo
La resistencia a la corrosión de los metales depende de la presencia de la capa de óxido protectora en la superficie, pero es posible que bajo algunas circunstancias esta capa se quiebre, por ejemplo en ácidos reductores, o en algunos ambientes donde la misma atmósfera sirve como medio reductor. En cualquier caso, las áreas donde esta capa de óxido se rompe sirven como cavidades que promueven la corrosión por crevice.

El factor más importante en la corrosión por crevice es la anchura de la rendija, ya que esta debe tener el suficiente ancho para permitir la entrada de la solución, pero debe también ser lo suficientemente estrecho como para que la solución se mantenga estancada dentro de la rendija, por lo cual, este tipo de corrosión ocurre normalmente en grietas o espacios de unos cuantos micrómetros de ancho, y no se encuentra en lugares donde estos espacios tienen buena circulación de la solución. Una manera fácil de evitar este método de corrosión es diseñar correctamente, si en el diseño de pueden evitar rendijas o lugares pequeños con poco o nulo flujo de la solución de trabajo se debe hacer o en su defecto, reducir este tipo de lugares al mínimo posible. La corrosión por crevice tiene un mecanismo muy similar a la corrosión por picado, por lo que las aleaciones resistentes a uno de estos tipos de corrosión son por lo general resistentes a ambos, sin embargo la diferencia entre estos dos tipos de corrosión es que la corrosión por crevice es una corrosión más agresiva que la corrosión por picado y sucede a temperaturas muchos más bajas que esta.

El medio circundante inmediato de las rendijas puedes desarrollar condiciones químicas (tanto de concentración como de composición) muy distintas a las del resto del medio o solución del fluido.

Existen dos factores determinantes en la iniciación de este tipo de corrosión:
 La composición química del electrolito dentro de la rendija
 La caída de potencial dentro de la rendija

Los investigadores habían afirmado previamente que uno u otro de los dos factores era el responsable de dar inicio a la corrosión por rendija, pero recientemente se ha demostrado que es una combinación de los dos lo que causa el comienzo de la corrosión. Ambos factores son de gran importancia en el comienzo del fenómeno corrosivo, ambas, tanto la caída de potencial como el cambio en la composición química del electrolito en la rendija son causadas por una desoxigenación de la rendija y una separación de áreas electroactivas, esto permite que una serie de reacciones catódicas ocurran en el exterior de la rendija y reacciones anódicas sucedan dentro de ella.
La diferencia entre las áreas de las regiones catódicas y anódicas también es importante, también lo es la diferencia de concentración entre la solución dentro y fuera de la rendija, en especial la concentración de oxígeno, pues parte de este fenómeno se debe a que entre el metal en la rendija y el resto de él se crea una celda de concentración, donde como sabemos, la parte donde la concentración es menor funciona como ánodo y el resto actúa catódicamente, lo cual se ve claramente en este tipo de corrosión, pues dentro de la rendija hay una escasez de oxígeno (o baja concentración de solución) y está (la rendija) actuará como ánodo. La corrosión crevice también se ve aumentada por la presencia de iones cloruro.

Algunos de los fenómenos corrosivos que ocurren dentro de la rendija recuerdan a la corrosión galvánica y a una celda de concentración:
Corrosión galvánica Dos metales en contacto + mismo entorno
Celda de concentración Una pieza de metal + dos diferencias de concentración
Corrosión por rendija Una pieza de metal + dos entornos en contacto

El mecanismo de la corrosión rendija puede (pero no siempre) ser similar a la corrosión por picado. Sin embargo, hay suficientes diferencias como para justificar un tratamiento diferenciado. Por ejemplo, en la corrosión crevice, hay que considerar la geometría de la rendija y la naturaleza del proceso de concentración que lleva al desarrollo de la diferenciación local de la composición química.

Modo de ataque

 Picado
 Corrosión filiforme (un tipo de corrosión crevice que puede ocurrir en la superficie del aluminio debajo de un recubrimiento orgánico)
 Corrosión intergranular
 Corrosión fatiga.

Corrosión fatiga

Una forma común de "fallo por crevice" se produce debido a la corrosión bajo tensión, donde una grieta o grietas se desarrollan a partir de la base de la rendija donde la concentración de esfuerzos es mayor. Esta fue la causa de la caída del puente Silver Bridge en 1967 en Virginia Occidental, donde una sola grieta de tan solo alrededor de 3 mm de largo creció rápidamente y causó la fractura de la unión de una barra de contención. El resto del puente se derrumbó en menos de un minuto.

Importancia

La susceptibilidad de cada sistema material-entorno varia mucho de un sistema a otro. En general, la corrosión por rendija es de mayor preocupación para los materiales que normalmente son pasivos, como el acero inoxidable o aluminio, también es importante tener en cuenta este fenómeno corrosivo para componentes hechos de superaleaciones con una alta resistencia a la corrosión y que deben trabajar con agua lo más pura posible, como en los generadores de vapores en las centrales nucleares, donde su principal problema corrosivo es la corrosión por rendija.

Este tipo de corrosión es muy peligrosa debido a su ataque localizados, lo cual puede producir el fallo de un componente mientras que la pérdida de metal en el resto de la estructura es mínimo, además el inicio y progreso de la corrosión crevice puede ser difícil de detectar.

Referencias

Corrosión

Corrosión por rendija


A categoria K-1 1000 metros masculino foi um dos eventos da canoagem nos Jogos Europeus de 2015. Foi disputada nos dias 14 e 15 de junho, no Kur Sport and Rowing Centre, em Mingachevir, no Azerbaijão.

Calendário
Horário de verão do Azerbaijão (UTC+5).

Medalhistas

Resultados

Eliminatórias
Os seis melhores em cada bateria, mais os três barcos restantes mais rápidos avançaram para as semifinais.

 Bateria 1

 Bateria 2

 Bateria 3

 Bateria 4

Semifinal
Os três barcos mais rápidos em cada semifinal avançaram para a final A. Os próximos três barcos mais rápidos em cada semifinal avançaram para a final B.

 Semifinal 1

 Semifinal 2

 Semifinal 3

Final

 Final B
Os competidores desta final disputaram as posições 10 a 18.

 Final A
Os competidores desta final disputaram as posições de 1 a 9, com medalhas para os três primeiros.

Eventos da canoagem  nos Jogos Europeus de 2015

Canoagem nos Jogos Europeus de 2015 - K-1 1000 m masculino


Susan Morrow (25. svibnja 1931. – 8. svibnja 1985.), rođena kao Jacqueline Ann Teresa Bernadette Immoor je bila američka glumica. Starija je sestra Judith Exner glumila je u 12 filmova u razdoblju od 1951. do 1958. godine, pojavila se u 5 različitih televizijskih serija.

Umire 1985. godine.

Vanjske poveznice
 Mrežna stranica Glamour Girls of the silver Screen

Američki glumci

Susan Morrow


Johannes Clemmesen (født 14. november 1908 i København; død 20. december 2010 sammesteds) dr.med. & h.c., var overlæge og kræftforsker samt styrelsesmedlem i Den Danske Forening.

Johs. Clemmesen var søn af kaptajn i hæren Johan Clemmesen og hustru Marie, f. Gran. Han var ugift.

Clemmesen blev student fra Metropolitanskolen i 1926; cand.med. fra Københavns Universitet i 1933; dr.med. 1938; speciallæge i intern medicin 1943, i patologisk anatomi og histologi 1947; videnskabelig assistent i Aarhus og ved Leeds University 1935-38; ansat ved hospitaler og institutter i København 1938-50; skibslæge 1948; leder af Cancerregisteret fra oprettelsen 1942 til 1980; Special Research Fellow, National Cancer Institute, Washington, D.C. 1950; prosektor ved Nørre Hospital og De Gamles By 1950-55; overlæge ved Finseninstituttets Pathologiafdeling 1955-78.

Chairman i World Health Organizations Subcommittee on Cancer Registration etc. 1950-57; Member WHO Expert Panel: Health Statistics 1951-63, Cancer: 1963-82; medlem af Executive Council of the International Cancer Union 1954-62; Secretary of Committee on the Geographical Pathology of Cancer 1951-62; Visiting Professor, University of Louisville, Kentucky 1963; Chairman Europ. Hum. Tumor Group 1973-75; President Intern. Ass. compar. Leukemia Research 1975-77; EF: medlem af Special Work Group Epidemiology 1974-80; Asbestos Panel 1975-82; Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Deutsches Krebsforschungs-Zentrum 1977-82; Internat. Comms. for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens 1978-84; formand for Den Danske Forening 1987-88, æresmedlem 1998.

Æresmedlem af International Assocication of Cancer Registries 1980; æresdoktor ved Århus Universitet 1978; æresmedlem af Dansk Selskab for Patologisk Anatomi og Cytologi 1996. Videnskabelige arbejder: slægtsstudier; eksperimentelle studier over røntgenbestrålings indvirkning på immuniseringsprocesser, herunder disputats 1936-48; studier over kræftsygdommenes forekomst og årsager 1941-97; Statistical Studies in Malignant Neoplasms, 1965, 1969, 1974 og 1977; En Kræftforskers Oplevelser 1908-1948 (1987), 1948-1988 (1988).

Han modtog Ramazzini-prisen i 1988, og han var ridder af Dannebrog.

Kilder
 Kraks Blå Bog 2002

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Læger fra Danmark
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog (afdøde)
Studenter fra Metropolitanskolen

Johannes Clemmesen


The year 1781 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy
 March 13 – William Herschel observes Uranus (although initially recording it as a comet).
 March 20 – Pierre Méchain discovers dwarf galaxy NGC 5195.
 Charles Messier's final catalogue of Messier objects is published.
 Christian Mayer's catalogue of binary stars is published.

Biology
 Felice Fontana uses a microscope to describe the axon of a brain cell.
 John Latham begins publication of A General Synopsis of Birds.

Chemistry
 Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald is granted a British patent for the manufacture of coal tar.
 Carl Wilhelm Scheele ascertains that a new acid can be made from tungstenite, leading to the discovery of tungsten in 1783.
 Autumn – Peter Jacob Hjelm isolates molybdenum.

Awards
 Copley Medal: William Herschel

Births
 January 30 – Adelbert von Chamisso, poet and botanist (died 1838)
 February 17 – Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician, inventor of the stethoscope (died 1826).
 May 29 – John Walker, English chemist (died 1859)
 June 9 – George Stephenson, English locomotive engineer (died 1848)
 June 21 – Siméon Poisson, mathematician (died 1840)
 July 6 – Thomas Stamford Raffles, founder of the Zoological Society of London (died 1826)
 September 14 – James Walker, Scottish civil engineer (died 1862)
 October 5 – Bernhard Bolzano, mathematician (died 1848)
 December 11 – David Brewster, Scottish physicist (died 1868)

Deaths
 May 27 – Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist (born 1716)

References

18th century in science
1780s in science

1781 in science


Electro or Elektro may refer to:

Music
 Electro (music), a genre of electronic music which originated in the early 1980s
 Electronic music in general or its other subgenres such as electro house and electropop

Fiction

 Electro (Marvel Comics), a villain featured in Spider-Man comics
 Elektro (comics), a fictional robot that appears in comic books published by Timely Comics
 Electro (Transformers), a cartoon character in the Transformers series
 "Electro" (The Mighty Boosh), a 2004 episode of The Mighty Boosh

Wrestlers
Electroshock (wrestler), veteran luchador, also known as Electro
Electro (wrestler), holder of the IWA World Heavyweight Championship

Other
 Elektro, the nickname of several robots built by Westinghouse
 Elektro, the currency of the board game Power Grid
 Abbreviation that was used in the printing industry to refer to the electrotyped copy of a forme.
 A Yashica series of cameras (Electro 35, TL Electro, etc.)
 Alisport Silent 2 Electro, an Italian electric motorglider

See also
 Electron (disambiguation)
 Electro Beatbox, a hip hop compilation album released by Decadance Recordings in 2002
 Electro Brain, a video game company
 Electro Glide in Blue, a 1997 album by the British band Apollo 440
 Electro Quarterstaff, an instrumental heavy metal band from Winnipeg, Canada
 Electro Tone Corporation, a company that produced add-ons for Hammond organs in the 1960s and 1970s

Electro


"ඕල් කයින්ඩ්ස් ඔෆ් එව්රිතිං" යනු ඩෙරී ලින්සි සහ ජැකී ස්මිත් විසින් රචිත ගීතයකි; මෙය ගායනා කල ඩානා, යුරෝවිෂන් ගීත තරගය 1970 ජයග්‍රහණය කලාය.

ඕල් කයින්ඩ්ස් ඔෆ් එව්රිතිං


Gabriel Haddad Gomes Porto (Rio de Janeiro, 29 de maio de 1988) é um pesquisador e carnavalesco brasileiro. Desde 2020, assina, ao lado de Leonardo Bora, os carnavais do Acadêmicos do Grande Rio, escola de Duque de Caxias. Em 2022, sagrou-se campeão do carnaval carioca.

Biografia
Bacharel em Relações Internacionais pelo Centro Universitário La Salle - Niterói (2010), mestre em Artes pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Artes (PPGArtes) da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e doutorando em História da Arte pela UERJ.

Trabalhou como assistente para diversos carnavalescos em escolas do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, como Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel, Portela, Estação Primeira de Mangueira, Gaviões da Fiel, Unidos de Vila Maria, Vai-Vai, entre outras. Como carnavalesco, atuou nas escolas Mocidade Unida do Santa Marta, Acadêmicos do Sossego e Acadêmicos do Cubango, sagrando-se três vezes campeão dos carnavais da Intendente Magalhães (Santa Marta 2013 e 2014; Sossego 2016), duas vezes ganhador do Estandarte de Ouro de Melhor Escola da Série A (Cubango 2018 e 2019) e duas vez ganhador do Estandarte de Ouro de Melhor Escola do Grupo Especial (Grande Rio 2020 e 2022).

Em 2013, compôs a comissão de carnaval da Mocidade Unida do Santa Marta, que desfilava na quinta divisão do carnaval carioca. Foram campeões. Em 2014, alcançaram novamente o título. Já em 2015, ao lado de Leonardo Bora, assinou o carnaval da Sossego. Em 2016, conquistaram o título na Intendente, levando a Sossego de volta à Sapucaí.

A estreia de Haddad na Sapucaí se deu em 2018, assinando o carnaval da Acadêmicos do Cubango. Em 2018 e 2019, com a assinatura de Leonardo e Gabriel, a Cubango ganhou o Estandarte de Ouro de Melhor Escola, chegando ao melhor resultado da agremiação em 2019, com o vice-campeonato do grupo de acesso do Carnaval do Rio.

Em 2020, Bora-Haddad, como ficaram conhecidos, estrearam no Grupo Especial do carnaval carioca, assinando o desfile vice-campeão da Grande Rio, homenageando Joãozinho da Gomeia. A Grande Rio faturou seis Estandartes de Ouro: melhor escola, melhor samba-enredo, melhor enredo, melhor puxador, melhor Ala das Baianas, e o recém criado prêmio Fernando Pamplona para o Abre-alas da escola.

No carnaval seguinte, em 2022, ao lado de Leonardo Bora, conquistou o primeiro título da história da Grande Rio, assinando o enredo enredo "Fala Majeté! Sete chaves de Exu", que retratou o orixá Exu. Com a dupla, a escola, além de conquistar título inédito, faturou quatro Estandarte de Ouro: Escola, Bateria, Enredo e Fernando Pamplona, prêmio de melhor inovação pelo último carro da escola.

Retornou a Cubango no carnaval de 2024 para coordenar ao lado de Bora a comissão de carnaval da escola, em seu segundo ano na Série Prata.

Carnavais

Títulos e estatísticas

Premiações

 Estandarte de Ouro
 2022 - Melhor enredo (Grande Rio - "Fala, Majeté! Sete Chaves de Exu")

 Estrela do Carnaval
 2019 - Melhor conjunto de fantasias (Cubango)
 2022 - Melhor enredo (Grande Rio - "Fala, Majeté! Sete Chaves de Exu")
 2022 - Melhor carnavalesco (Grande Rio)
 2022 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias (Grande Rio)

 Fala Galera Carna Insta

 2022 - Melhor carnavalesco (Grande Rio)
 Gato de Prata
 2018 - Melhor carnavalesco (Cubango)
 2019 - Melhor carnavalesco (Cubango)
 2022 - Melhor carnavalesco (Grande Rio)

 OSK do Samba

 2014 - Melhor enredo (Santa Marta - "Na Hora em que o Sol Se Esconde")
 2016 - Melhor enredo (Sossego - "O Circo do Menino Passarinho")
 Melhores do Carnaval

 2019 - Melhor enredo ("Igbá Cubango – A Alma das Coisas e a Arte dos Milagres")
 2019 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias (Cubango)
 2019 - Melhor conjunto de fantasias (Cubango)
 Plumas & Paetês Cultural
 2013 - Melhor carnavalesco (Santa Marta)
 2015 - Melhor pesquisador (Sossego)
 2015 - Melhor desenhista (Portela)
 2017 - Melhor desenhista (Mocidade)
 2018 - Melhor pesquisador (Cubango)
 2019 - Melhor pesquisador (Cubango)
 2019 - Melhor desenhista (Cubango)
 2020 - Melhor desenhista (Grande Rio)
 2022 - Melhor carnavalesco (Grande Rio)

 Prêmio 100% Carnaval
 2019 - Melhor enredo ("Igbá Cubango – A Alma das Coisas e a Arte dos Milagres")
 2020 - Melhor enredo (Grande Rio - "Tata Londirá: O Canto do Caboclo no Quilombo de Caxias")
 2020 - Revelação (Carnavalescos - Grande Rio)
 2020 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias (Grande Rio)
 2022 - Melhor enredo (Grande Rio - "Fala, Majeté! Sete Chaves de Exu")
 2022 - Melhor carnavalesco (Grande Rio)
 2022 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias (Grande Rio)
 2023 - Melhor conjunto de fantasias (Grande Rio)

 Prêmio Elite do Samba

 2015 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias (Santa Marta)
 2014 - Melhor conjunto de fantasias (Santa Marta)
 2015 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias (Sossego)
 Prêmio Gazeta do Rio
 2022 - Melhor carnavalesco (Grande Rio)

 Prêmio Samba na Veia

 2016 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias (Sossego)
 2016 - Melhor conjunto de fantasias (Sossego)
 Prêmio SRzd

 2019 - Melhor carnavalesco (Cubango)
 2020 - Melhor carnavalesco (Grande Rio)
 2022 - Melhor enredo (Grande Rio - "Fala, Majeté! Sete Chaves de Exu")
 2022 - Melhor carnavalesco (Grande Rio)

Prêmio Ziriguidum

 2014 - Melhor conjunto de fantasias (Santa Marta)
 2016 - Melhor conjunto de fantasias (Sossego)
S@mba-Net

 2018 - Prêmio Especial: Revelação do Ano
 2018 - Melhor enredo (Cubango - "O Rei que Bordou o Mundo")
 2019 - Melhor enredo ("Igbá Cubango – A Alma das Coisas e a Arte dos Milagres")
 2019 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias e fantasias (Cubango)
 2022 - Melhor enredo (Grande Rio - "Fala, Majeté! Sete Chaves de Exu")

 Troféu Sambario

 2020 - Melhor enredo (Grande Rio - "Tata Londirá: O Canto do Caboclo no Quilombo de Caxias")
 2020 - Revelação (Carnavalescos - Grande Rio)
 2022 - Melhor enredo (Grande Rio - "Fala, Majeté! Sete Chaves de Exu")
 2022 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias (Grande Rio)
 2022 - Melhor conjunto de fantasias (Grande Rio)

 Troféu Tupi Carnaval Total

 2022 - Melhor enredo (Grande Rio - "Fala, Majeté! Sete Chaves de Exu")
 2022 - Melhor conjunto de alegorias (Grande Rio)

 Troféu Vai Dar Samba

 2018 - Melhor enredo (Cubango - "O Rei que Bordou o Mundo")

Naturais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Alunos da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Carnavalescos do estado do Rio de Janeiro
Comentaristas de carnaval do Brasil
Carnavalescos do Acadêmicos do Sossego
Carnavalescos do Acadêmicos do Cubango
Carnavalescos do Acadêmicos do Grande Rio

Gabriel Haddad


Henri "Henkka T. Blacksmith" Seppälä (7 Haziran 1980), Fin melodik death metal grubu Children of Bodom'un bas gitaristi. Henkka, Henri'ye göre daha genel bir isimdir ve soyadındaki Seppä İngilizce'de Blacksmith anlamına gelmektedir. İsmindeki T harfi lakabı olan Torso için yazılmaktadır. Ayrıca Children of Bodom'un sözcülüğünü yapmaktadır.

Biyografi
Henkka, 1980'de Finlandiya'nın Espoo şehrinde doğmuş, 11 yaşında gitar çalmaya başlamıştır. Metal müzik dinlemeye Slayer ve Pantera gibi gruplar dinleyen ağabeyi sayesinde başlamıştır. Bundan önce sadece Poison ve Guns N' Roses gibi glam metal grupları dinlemektedir. Daha sonra daha sert müziğe ilgi duymuş ve 90'ların başında Burzum, Dissection ve Cannibal Corpse gibi black metal ve death metal gruplarını dinlemeye başlamıştır.

İlk grubunda çalmaya başladığında 13 yaşındadır. Grubunun ismi Aivokasvain (Beyin Tümörü) idi. 2 yıl bu grupta çaldıktan sonra ayrılmış ve ana enstrümanını bas gitara çevirmiştir. Samuli Miettinen 1996 yılında Inearthed'ten ayrılınca Henkka, 5'telli bası ile gruba katılmıştır.

Henkka röportajlarda grubun öne çıkan üyesidir. Çünkü Henkka küçükken Fransız okulunda okumuştur ve Fincenin yanında İngilizce, İsveççe ve Fransızca da bilmektedir.

Zaman buldukça Helsinki Üniversitesi'nde siyasal tarih ve siyasal bilimler çalışır. Bunun dışında boş zamanlarında en büyük tutkusu olan futbol ile uğraşır ve yüzer. Children of Bodom dışında bir grupta yer almaz ve tüm enerjisini ona harcamak istediğini söyler. Hayatındaki en önemli şeyler ailesi ve grubudur. Boyu 1.84'tür.

Dış bağlantılar
 Children of Bodom resmî websitesi

1980 doğumlular
Fin bas gitaristler
Fin müzisyenler
Yaşayan insanlar
Children of Bodom üyeleri

Henkka Blacksmith


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අපරාධ නීතිය යටතේ පුද්ගලයන් විසින් සිදු කරන වැරදි ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් දෙයාකාර වේ.

1.ඇප දිය හැකි වැරදි

2.ඇප දිය නොහැකි වැරදි

මේ සම්බන්ධයෙන් අපරාධ නඩු විධාන සංග්‍රහයේ 02 වන වගන්තිය මඟින් වැඩිදුරටත් දක්වා ඇත.
මීට අමතරව වෙනත් විවිධ පනත් යටතේ වරදක් වන ක්‍රියාවන්ට චෝදනා ලැබූ තැනැත්තෙකු
ඇප පිට නිදහස් කිරීම පිළිබඳව එම පනත් යටතේ ම දක්වා ති‍බේ.

උදා :-
පීඩාකාරී ආයුධ පනත යටතේ වරදක් කළේ යැයි සැක කරන පුද්ගලෙයකුට ඇප ලබාගත හැක්කේ
අභියාචනාධිකරණය මඟින් පමණි.

ආගමන හා විගමන පනත, පොදු දේපළ පනත, පුරා වස්තු පනත වැනි පනත් වල ඇප පිට
නිදහස් කිරීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් වෙනම ම විධිවිධාන සලස්වා ඇත.

ඉහත දක්වා ඇති පරිදි අපරාධ නඩු විධාන     සංග්‍රහයේ 02 වන වගන්තිය මඟින් අර්ථ නිරූපණය කර ඇත්තේ දණ්ඩ නීති සංග්‍රහය
යටතේ සාකච්ඡා කෙරෙන වැරදි පිළිබඳවය.නමුත් පොදුවේ අන් සියළු ම නීති යටතේ
වන වැරදි පිළිබඳව ද නීති තත්වයක් දක්නට ලැබේ.ඒ අනුව,

1. මරණීය දණ්ඩනයෙන් හෝ අවුරුදු 07 ක් හෝ ඊට වැඩි කාලයකට
බන්ධනාගාරගත කිරීමකින් දඬුවම් කළ හැකි වරදක් වෙනත් නීතියක් යටතේ
වරදක් වේ නම් එය ඇප දිය නොහැකි වරදකි.

2. බන්ධනාගාරගත කිරීමේ කාලය වසර 07කට අඩු වුවද වසර 03කට වැඩි නම්
එය ද ඇප දිය නොහැකි වරදක් වේ.

3. ඉහත කරුණු වලට අදාළ නොවන වරදකදී වුවද ඇප ලබා ගත නොහැකි බව අදාළ පනත යටතේ දක්වා තිබේ නම් ඇප ලබා  දෙනු නොලැබේ.

යමෙකු ඇප පිට නිදහස් කිරීම යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ අධිකරණයක නඩු කටයුත්තක් පවත්වාගෙන යන අතරතුර අවසාන නිගමනයට එළඹීමට පෙර ඔහු බන්ධනාගාර අධිකාරීවරයාගේ භාරයේ තැබීමයි. මෙය රක්ෂිත බන්ධනාගාරගත කිරීම ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.ඇප ලබා දීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් අදාළ වන්නේ 1979 අංක 15 දරණ අපරාධ නඩුවිධාන සංග්‍රහය පනත සහ 1997 අංක 30 දරණ ඇප පනතයි.සාමාන්‍යයෙන් පොලීසිය විසින් යම් පුද්ගලයෙකු කිසියම් වරදක් සම්බන්ධයෙන් සැක පිට අත්අඩංගුවට ගත් පසු පැය 24ක් තුළ මූලික පරීක්ෂණ නිමවා එම සැකකරු මහේස්ත්‍රාත්වරයෙකු වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කළ යුතුය.අපරාධ නඩුවිධාන සංග්‍රහ‍යේ 115 වගන්තියට අනුව එසේ පැය 24ක් තුළ පොලිස් විමර්ශන අවසන් කළ නොහැකි නම් මහේස්ත්‍රාත් නියෝග මත ඇප ලබා ගත හැකිය.එවැනි අවස්ථාවකදී එවැනි පුද්ගලයෙකු දින 15ක උපරිමයකට යටත්ව රිමාන්ඩ් භාරයට පත් කිරීමේ හැකියාව මහේස්ත්‍රාත්වරයා සතුය.වරදකාරීත්වය ඔප්පු වන තුරු සෑම පුද්ගලයෙකුම නිවැරදිකරුවකු වන අතර කර ඇත්තේ ඇප දිය හැකි ආකාරයේ වරදක් නම් ඇප ලබා දිය යුතුය. දින 15 උපරිමයක් දක්වා රිමාන්ඩ් භාරයට පත් කළ හැක්කේ ඇප දිය නොහැකි වැරදි සම්බන්ධයෙන් පමණි. මෙම පනතේ ප්‍රකාශිතවම දක්වා ඇත්තේ දණ්ඩ නීති සංග්‍රහයේ 294, 114, හා 191 වගන්ති යටතට වැටෙන වැරදි, එනම් මිනීමැරීම,රජයට එරෙහිව කැරළි ගැසීම,සාවද්‍ය සාක්ෂි දීම යන වැරදි සම්බන්ධයෙන් ඇප මතනිදහස් කිරීමට මහේස්ත්‍රාත්වරයෙකුට හැකියාව නොමැති බවයි. ඒ සම්බන්ධයෙන් මහාධිකරණයක් මඟින් ඇප ලබා ගත යුතුය. එහිදී මහාධිකරණය විසින් අධි‍චෝදනා නඟා නඩු විභාගය ඇරඹෙන අතර, එසේ ඇරඹීමට මාස 03ක් දක්වා ප්‍රමාද වුවහොත් ඔහු නිදහස් කිරීමට මහේස්ත්‍රාත්වරයාට බලය ඇත.ඇප පනත ඇප ලබා දීමේදී ඉතා වැදගත් වුවද එහි 03(1)වගන්තිය අනුව එය අදාළ නොවන සැකකරුවන් වර්ග 03ක් සිටිති.

1. 1979 අංක 48 දරණ ත්‍රස්තවාදය වැළැක්වීමේ පනත යටතේ වන සැකකරුවන්.

2. මහජන ආරක්ෂක පනත යටතේ සාදන නියෝග යටතේ වන සැකකරුවන්.

3. වැරදි පිළිබඳව ඇප ලබා දීමට අවශ්‍ය ප්‍රතිපාදන යම් නීතියක් යටතේ සඳහන් කර ඇති විට ඒ පනත යටතේ වැරදි සිදුකළ සැකකරුවන්

ඇප පනතේ 27 වගන්තිය අනුව, 1991 අංක 08 දරණ සැකකරුවන් නිදහස් කර යැවීමේ පනත හැර වෙනත් ඕනෑම පනතක් සමඟ ඇප පනතේ ප්‍රතිපාදන ගැටෙන්නේ නම් එහිදී බලාත්මක වන්නේ ඇප පනතයි.සාමාන්‍යයෙන් පොලීසිය විසින් පුද්ගලයෙකු අත්අඩංගුවට ගත්පසු අදාළ පොලිස් ස්ථානාධිපතිවරයා විසින් ඒ පිළිබඳව විමර්ශනය කර සැකකරුට එරෙහිව ප්‍රමාණවත් සාක්ෂි ඇති බව පෙනී යන්නේ නම්, නියමිත දිනයේදී අධිකරණයේ පෙනී සිටින බවට ඇපයකට අත්සන් ලබාගෙන පොලිස් ස්ථානයේදීම ඔහු මුදා හළ හැක. සාමාන්‍ය ව්‍යවහාරයේ "පොලීසිය මඟින් ඇප දීම" යනුවෙන් හඳුන්වන්නේ මෙම ක්‍රියාදාමයයි.ඒ සඳහා වන නෛතික බලය අපරාධ නඩු විධාන සංග්‍රහයේ 118 සහ ඇප පනතේ 06 වන වගන්ති මඟින්පොලිස් ස්ථානාධිපතිවරුන්ට ලබා දී ඇත. සැකකරු ඇප ලබා දී මුදා හැරීමෙන් මහජන සාමයට බාධාවක් විය හැකි බව පොලිස් ස්ථානාධිපතිවරයාට හැ‍ඟේ නම් මුදා නොහැර මහේස්ත්‍රාත්වරයෙකු වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කළ යුතුය. එහිදී මහේස්ත්‍රාත්වරයාට ඇප ලබා දීමට හෝ නොදීමට බලය ඇත. පොලිස් ඇප මත මුදා හළ සැකකරුවකු නියමිත දිනයේ අධිකරණය හමුවේ පෙනී නොසිටියේ නම් මාස 06කට නොඅඩු කාලයකට බන්ධනාගාරගත කළ හැකි බව ඇප පනතේ 06 වන වගන්තිය මඟින් දැක්වේ. එසේම ඇප පනතේ 07 වන වගන්තිය ඇප දිය හැකි වැරදි හා ඇප දිය නොහැකි වැරදි යන ද්විත්වයට ම අදාළ වන අතර මහේස්ත්‍රාත්වරයෙකුට ඇප නියම කළ හැකි අවස්ථා ඒ තුළ දැක්වේ. සාමාන්‍ය භාවිතයේ පවත්නා ඇප වර්ග කීපයකි.මෙම අැපමහේස්ත්‍රාත්තුමාවිසින් නියම කළ හැකිය.

1. පුද්ගලික ඇප

සැකකරු විසින් ම අදාළ දිනයේ අධිකරණයේ පෙනී සිටින බවට යම්කිසි බැඳුම්කරයකට අත්සන් කිරීම මෙහිදී සිදුවේ.

2. ඇපකරුවන් සමඟ ලබා දෙන ඇප

සැකකරු අධිකරණයේ පෙනී සිටින බවට සැකකරු හා වෙනත් ඇපකරුවන් ද බැඳුම්කරයකට අත්සන් කරනු ලැබේ.

3. මුදල් ඇප

තමා අධිකරණයේ පෙනී සිටින බවට සහතික වෙමින් ඇපකරු විසින් යම් මුදලක් අධිකරණයේ තැන්පත් කරනු ලැබේ.නියමිත දිනයේඅධිකරණයේ පෙනී නොසිටියහොත් එකී මුදල රාජසන්තක වන්නේය.

4. සහතික ඇප

මෙහිදී වටිනාකමක් ඇති ඔප්පුවක් වැනි දෙයක් අධිකරණයේ තැන්පත් කළ යුතුය.උදාහරණ ලෙස රුපියල් ලක්ෂ දෙකක සහතික ඇපයක් නියම කළහොත් රුපියල් ලක්ෂ දෙකක වටිනාකම ඇති දේපළක ඔප්පුවක් අධිකරණයේ තැන්පත් කළ යුතුය.

යම් පුද්ගලයෙකු සිතාසියක් මත අධිකරණයේ පෙනී සිටි විට ඔහුට ඇප ලබා දී නිදහස් කිරීමට තීරණය කරන්නේ නම් අධිකරණය විසින් වාර්තා ගත කළ යුතු හේතූන් මත අන්‍යාකාරයකින් විධානයක් කළ හොත් මිස එකී තැනැත්තා ඔහු විසින්ම දෙන ලද බැඳුම්කරයක් මත ඇප ලබා දී නිදහස් කළ යුතුය. ඒ පිළිබඳ ව 07 වැනි වගන්තිය තුළ වැඩිදුරටත් සඳහන් වේ.සාමාන්‍යයෙන් දැනට ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ඇප සම්බන්ධයෙන් ක්‍රියාත්මක වන්නේ මෙම නීති තත්වයන් ය.

බලාත්මක අණ පනත්
1979 අංක 15 දරණ අපරාධ නඩුවිධාන සංග්‍රහය පනත
2005 අංක 15 දරන අපරාධ නඩුවිධාන සංග්‍රහ සංශෝධන පනත
1997 අංක 30 දරණ ඇප පනත
1983 දණ්ඩනීති සංග්‍රහය

වැඩිදුර තොරතුරු මෙම අඩවියෙන්
-66k ඇප පිළිබද නෛතික ප්‍රතිපාදන

law

නීතිය

ඇප මත නිදහස් කිරීම


French Open-mesterskabet i herresingle 2016 var den 115. turnering om French Open-mesterskabet i herresingle. Turneringen var en del af French Open 2016 og blev afviklet i Stade Roland Garros i Paris, Frankrig. Hovedturneringen med deltagelse af 128 spillere blev spillet i perioden 22. maj - 5. juni 2016, mens kvalifikationen afvikledes den 17. - 21. maj 2016.

Mesterskabet blev vundet af Novak Djokovic, som i finalen besejrede Andy Murray med 3−6, 6−1, 6−2, 6−4, og som dermed vandt French Open-mesterskabet i herresingle for første gang. Det betød, at den 29-årige serber i sin karriere havde vundet alle fire grand slam-titler i herresingle og dermed, som den ottende herresinglespiller i historien, fuldført en "career grand slam". Eftersom han også havde vundet de tre foregående grand slam-turneringer, Wimbledon 2015, US Open 2015 og  Australian Open 2016, blev han endvidere den blot tredje spiller i tennishistorien, der var regerende mester i alle fire turneringer på samme tid, hvilket kun Don Budge (1938) og Rod Laver (1962 og 1969) tidligere havde præsteret.

Da Djokovic vandt sin kamp i fjerde runde mod Roberto Bautista Agut og dermed kvalificerede sig til kvartfinalen i en grand slam-turnering for 28. gang i træk som den blot anden spiller i den åbne æra (Federer var den første), satte han samtidig en bemærkelsesværdig rekord, idet han blev den første tennisspiller i historien, der opnåede en samlet præmiesum på $ 100.000.000 i sin karriere.

Andy Murray var i French Open-finalen i herresingle for første gang i sin karriere, og blev dermed den tiende spiller i den åbne æra, der havde været i herresinglefinalen i alle fire grand slam-turneringer.

Stan Wawrinka var forsvarende mester, og da han vandt sin kvartfinale blev han i en alder af 31 år og 69 dage den ældste semifinalist i French Open-mesterskabet i herresingle siden Jimmy Connors i 1985.

Dette var den første grand slam-turnering siden US Open 1999, hvor hovedturneringen i herresingle ikke havde deltagelse af Roger Federer, som måtte melde afbud med en rygskade, og hvis stime på 65 deltagelser i træk i grand slam-turneringer dermed sluttede.

Pengepræmier og ranglistepoint

Den samlede præmiesum til spillerne i herresingle androg € 12.704.000 (ekskl. per diem), hvilket var en stigning på godt 15 % i forhold til året før.

Hovedturnering

Deltagere

Hovedturneringen havde deltagelse af 128 spillere, der var fordelt på:
 104 direkte kvalificerede spillere i form af deres ranglisteplacering pr. 11. april 2016 (seks uger før turneringens start).
 8 spillere, der havde modtaget et wildcard.
 16 spillere, der var gået videre fra kvalifikationsturneringen.
Derudover opnåede yderligere fire spillere fra kvalifikationen adgang til hovedturneringen som lucky losers, fordi fire at de direkte kvalificerede spillere meldte afbud.

Seedede spillere

De 32 bedst placerede af deltagerne på ATP's verdensrangliste pr. 16. maj 2016 blev seedet. Efterfølgende meldte Aleksandr Dolgopolov, der var blevet seedet som nr. 28, afbud, og derfor blev endnu en spillet seedet som nr. 33.

Wildcards

Otte spillere modtog et wildcard til hovedturneringen. Spillernes verdensranglisteplacering pr. 16. maj 2016 er angivet i parentes.

Kvalifikanter

16 spillere kvalificerede sig fra kvalifikationsturneringen til hovedturneringen.

Derudover opnåede yderligere fire spillere fra kvalifikationen adgang til hovedturneringen som lucky losers.

Se afsnittet Kvalifikation.

Resultater

Ottendedelsfinaler, kvartfinaler, semifinaler og finale

Første, anden og tredje runde

Kvalifikation

I kvalifikationsturneringen spillede 128 spillere om 16 ledige pladser i hovedturneringen. Heraf havde ni spillere har modtaget et wildcard (WC).

Følgende 16 spillere kvalificerede sig til hovedturneringen:
  Tobias Kamke
  Radek Štěpánek
  Steve Darcis
  Jan-Lennard Struff
  Marco Trugelliti
  Carlos Berlocq
  Roberto Carballés Baena
  Dustin Brown
  Adrian Ungur
  Marsel İlhan
  Gerald Melzer
  Jordi Samper-Montaña
  Kenny de Schepper
  Nikoloz Basilashvili
  Laslo Djere
  Radu Albot

Derudover opnåede følgende fire spillere fra kvalifikationen adgang til hovedturneringen som lucky losers:
  Igor Sijsling
  Adam Pavlásek
  Andrej Martin
  Thomas Fabbiano

Resultater

Se også
 French Open-mesterskabet i damesingle 2016
 French Open-mesterskabet i herredouble 2016
 French Open-mesterskabet i damedouble 2016
 French Open-mesterskabet i mixed double 2016

Eksterne henvisninger

 French Open

Noter

French Open 2016
French Open-mesterskabet i herresingle
ATP World Tour 2016


Pușca cu repetiție "Mannlicher", model 1888/1895 a fost o armă individuală de infanterie de calibrul 8 mm, cu încărcare manuală, aflată în înzestrarea Armatei Austro-Ungare și a altor armate, în perioada Primului Război Mondial și în perioada interbelică. Pușca a fost utilizată și de Armata României, începând cu campania din anul 1916, fiind achiziționate în total un număr de 60.000 de bucăți.

Principii constructive
Pușca Mannlicher era o armă portativă neautomată, destinată tragerii la distanțe medii și mari. Avea țeavă ghintuită, zăvorâtă cu închizător manual. La modelul 1895, închizătorul era rotativ.  Sistemul de alimentare era cu acționare manuală și încărcător tip sector cu 5 cartușe. Evacuarea tuburilor trase se făcea printr-un orificiu din cutia culatei, cu ajutorul unui mecanism extractor cu gheară.

Dezvoltarea

Primul Război Mondial

Note

Bibliografie
 Walter, John, Rifles of the World, Krause Publications, Iola-Wisconsin, 2006. ISBN 0-89689-241-7

Vezi și
 Armamentul Armatei României în Primul Război Mondial

Legături externe

  Mannlicher Model 1888 Infantry Rifle

Armata României
Armamentul de infanterie al Armatei României din Primul Război Mondial
 Arme din Primul Război Mondial
 Arme din cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial
 Puști
Cioturi din proiectul România în Primul Război Mondial

pl:Karabiny Mannlicher M1886, M1888, M1890

Pușcă cu repetiție „Mannlicher”, model 1888


Michael John Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn, PC (født 3. juli 1945, død 29. april 2018) var en britisk Labour-politiker, der var Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Springburn fra valget i 1979 og frem til 2006, og herefter for Glasgow North East frem til 2009. Han blev valgt som Speaker of the House of Commons i 2000, og havde posten i 9 år indtil hans ufrivillige afgang i 2009.

Ved hans valg til posten som Speaker i 2000 var han den første romersk katolske person til at få rollen siden reformationen. Han trådte tilbage fra posten den 21. juni 2009 som resultat af svindende parlamentarisk og offentlige tillid til ham, som følge af hans rolle i udgiftskandale. Han trådte også tilbage fra sin plads i House of Commons den efterfølgende dag.

Privatliv
Martin mødte Mary McLay på Heatovent fabrikken, hvor hun arbejdede ved samlebånd. De blev gift i 1966. Parret havde en søn og en datter. Hans søn, Paul Martin var Labour Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Springburn fra 1999 til 2011, og herefter for Glasgow Provan fra 2011 til hans nederlag ved det skotske parlamentsvalg i 2016.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: Michael Martin MP
 TheyWorkForYou.com – Michael Martin MP
 Biography and profile in the Sunday Times 27 July 2008
 Conservative MPs accuse Speaker of bias and threaten to walk out
 Profile, broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 24 February 2008

Britiske politikere fra Labour
Formænd for Underhuset
Katolikker fra Storbritannien
Personer fra Glasgow

Michael Martin


Le virus de la mosaïque du taro (DsMV, sigle de Dasheen mosaic virus), est une espèce de phytovirus pathogène de la famille des  Potyviridae. C'est l'un des plus importants virus affectant les cultures de taro (Colocasia esculenta) et d'autres espèces d'Araceae.

Description

Le virus de la mosaïque du taro (ou Dasheen mosaic virus, DsMV) est un virus à ARN simple brin de sens positif qui appartient à la famille des Potyviridae dont la gamme d'hôtes typiques est constituée d'espèces de plantes de la famille des Araceae, notamment le taro et le caladium.

Les virions sont des particules non enveloppées, à symétrie hélicoïdale, en forme de filaments flexueux de  de long.

Le DsMV se caractérise en particulier par le fait qu'il possède une protéine de capside (CP) considérablement plus importante que celle des autres virus du genre  Potyvirus.

Le génome du DsMV, monopartite, linéaire, d'une taille égale à , comprend un cadre de lecture ouvert (ORF) qui code  une polyprotéine, à côté d'une région 5'-non traduite (UTR) et d'une région 3'-UTR se terminant par une queue poly-A. La polyprotéine est ensuite clivée en 10 protéines : P1, HC-Pro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, VPg, NIa-Pro, NIb et CP.

Distribution

Le DsMV a une aire de répartition pantropicale. Ce virus est en particulier présent dans toutes les régions de culture du taro. Cette vaste distribution s'explique par le fait que la majorité des taro cultivés étant multipliés par voie végétative, ils portent indéfiniment le virus dès lors qu'ils ont été infectés.

Plantes-hôtes
La gamme des plantes-hôtes du DsMV comprend principalement des espèces, comestibles ou ornementales, de la famille des Araceae, appartenant à 13 genres différents de cette famille. Il s'agit notamment de :

Transmission

La transmission horizontale (entre individus) du virus de la mosaïque du taro est  assurée selon un mode non persistant par diverses espèces de pucerons largement distribuées, dont Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii et Aphis craccivora, mais apparemment pas Pentalonia nigronervosa. La dispersion du virus peut se faire aussi par des moyens mécaniques, par les outils (sécateurs et cisailles) non désinfectés.
La transmission verticale (entre générations successives) n'est pas assurée par les graines, mais elle l'est largement par le matériel de plantation infecté (cormes, boutures, rejets).

Notes et références

Références biologiques

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Maladies du taro

Liens externes
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 .
 .
 .

Mosaique du taro
Mosaique du taro
Taro
Maladie du taro
Maladie virale végétale

Virus de la mosaïque du taro


غلين كوف  هي مدينة في ولاية نيويورك الأمريكية. يبلغ عدد سكانها حسب تعداد سنة 2000: 26,622 نسمة. ويبلغ عددهم حسب تقدير 2007 حوالي:26,056 نسمة.

أعلام

 تشارلز ميلارد برات
 باول درايتون
 مالفاي واشنطن
 ويليام راسيل
 ليونارد دبليو. هال
 ماركوس لوي
 صموئيل إل. إم. بارلو الأول
 آشانتي
 هوارد ديفيس جونيور
 كيرت هوكينز

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أماكن ساحلية مأهولة في ولاية نيويورك
مدن في مقاطعة ناسو (نيويورك)
مدن في منطقة نيويورك الكبرى الحضرية
مدن ولاية نيويورك

غلين كوف (نيويورك)