Petrovo polje je podvlašićki plato na nadmorskoj visini od oko 1140 – 1220 m. Na njemu se nalazi dugačko istoimeno selo (Petrovo Polje) s nekoliko zaselaka, među kojima su registrirani Đurevina,  Nikodinovići (istok) i Petrovo Polje (u užem smislu), nekada središte mjesne zajednice. Proteže se od Đurevine (kota 1243 m), kod Male Ilomske  (istok)  do neposredne blizine raskrižja asfaltiranih lokalnih cesta koje od ovog sela vode ka Skender Vakufu, Turbeu i Imljanima (zapad). Na sjeveru je omeđeno crtom početka strme padine prema dolini Vrbanje,  na liniji kotâ 1220 − 1140, a a na jugu dolinom Ilomske. Ravne nadbojine je istureni dio platoa prema Ilomskoj, kod Nikodinovića.

Na samoj visoravni postoji desetak stalnih izvora pitke vode, među kojima su najpoznatiji Kaursko vrelo, Meštema i Bijeljino vrelo. Na Petrovu polju je dio razvođa između slivova Vrbanje i Ugra. U Vrbanju se ulijevaju Čudnić, Kovačevića potok i Ćorkovac, a u Ilomsku (sliv Ugra) − Mala Ilomska i Devetero vrela.

Petrovo polje ima značajne turističke potencijale. Obično se preporučiju sljedeći njegovi i okolni lokaliteti: Andrijevića potok, Američka strana, Arapov brijeg, Babanovac, Bare, Bijeljino vrelo, Biser glavica, Ilomska i njeni vodopadi, Kaursko vrelo, Manatovac,  poljana Ravni Omar i Ribarska kuća – ugostiteljski objekt na Ugru, ispod Vitovlja.

Vidi još
Ilomska
Skender-Vakuf
Ćorkovac

Izvori

Reljefni oblici u Bosni i Hercegovini
Vlašić

Petrovo polje (Bosna)


Högler ist der Name von

 Franz Högler (1802–1855), österreichischer Bildhauer
 Gregor Högler (* 1972), österreichischer Speerwerfer

Högler


කෘෂිකාර්මික නොවන ආර්ථීක කටයුතු සදහා ඒකරාශී වු පුද්ගලයන් සමුහයක් වාසය කරන ප්‍රදේශයක් නාගරික ප්‍රදේශයක් ලෙස හැඳින්විය හැකිය. නාගරික යැයි නිර්වචනය කළ ප්‍රදේශ වල ජන සංඛ්‍යා ප්‍රතිශතය ක්‍රමයෙන් වර්ධනය වීම නාගරීකරණය ලෙස හැදින්විය හැකිය.ලොස් ඇන්ජලිස්හි මෙට්‍රොපොලිටන් පෙදෙස

නාගරීකරණය යනු ලෝකය පුරා විශාල ලෙස පැතිරී ඇති සමාජමය විපර්යාසයන් අතර ප්‍රධාන එකකි.ලෝක ජනවිද්‍යාත්මක වෙනස්‍වීම් පැහැදිලි ලෙස පෙන්විය හැකි දර්ශකයක් වුව ද නාගරීකරණය සෑම තැනකම සමාකාරව වර්ධනය වූ ක්‍රියාවලියක් නොවේ.එමෙන්ම "නගර" යන්න සඳහා පැහැදිලි ඍජු නිර්වචනයක් සපයා ගැනීම ද දුෂ්කර වූවකි.නගරයක් යනු වාණිජ,කාර්මික, මූල්‍ය, අධ්‍යාපන, සෞඛ්‍ය ,පරිපාලන, නේවාසික යනාදී විවිධ වූ කාර්යයන් සංකේන්ද්‍රණය වූ ජනාවාසයකි.එබැවින් කඩසාප්පු, කර්මාන්තශාලා, බැංකු, පාසල්, රෝහල් ,රාජ්‍ය ආයතනයන්, නිවාස වැනි විවිධ කාර්යයන් සඳහා වෙන්වූ ගොඩනැඟිලි නගරය තුළ පවතී.නගරයක් තුළ වගාබිම්, වනාන්තර වැනි භූමි පරිභෝජනයන්ට වඩා ඉදිකළ බිම් සාපේක්‍ෂව කැපී පෙනෙයි.මෙවැනි ලක්‍ෂණ සහිත ප්‍රදේශ නාගරික ප්‍රදේශ ලෙස හඳුන්වනු ලබයි.

බොහෝ රටවල ජනසංඛ්‍යාව පදනම් කර ගනිමින් නාගරික ප්‍රදේශ හඳුනා ගැනීමට උත්සාහ කරනු ලබන අතර ග්‍රීසිය, ප්‍රංශය වැනි ර‍ටවල පරිපාලන කටයුතු සඳහා බෙදා ඇති කුඩා පරිපාලන ඒකකයක් තුළ සිටින වැඩිම ජනසංඛ්‍යාව සැළකිල්ලට ගනිමින් මුළු ඒකකයම නාගරික හෝ ග්‍රාමීය ජනාවාසයක් ලෙස පිළිගනු ලබයි.
ලෝකයේ සමහර රටවල නිවාස සංඛ්‍යාව පදනම් කොට ගෙන නාගරික ප‍්‍රදේශ හඳුනා ගනු ලබන අතර ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාව, පකිස්ථානය වැනි රටවල් පරිපාලන සීමා පමණක් යොදාගනිමින් නාගරික ප‍්‍රදේශ හඳුනා ගැනීමට උත්සාහ ගනී. කෙසේ වෙතත් නාගරික ප‍්‍රදේශ හඳුනාගැනීමේදී මුළු ජන සංඛ්‍යාව, භූමි ප‍්‍රමාණය, ජන ඝණත්වය හා ආර්ථික, සමාජ සංවිධාන ව්‍යුහය යන සියලූම සාධක කෙරෙහි අවධානය යොමු කර ඇත. එබැවින් නාගරික ප‍්‍රදේශයක් ග‍්‍රාමීය ප‍්‍රදේශයකින් වෙන් කර හඳුනාගැනීම සඳහා 1971 වර්ෂයේ දී එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානය විසින් නිශ්චිත නිර්ණායක කිහිපයක් හඳුන්වා දෙනු ලැබීය. එනම්,

01.	පරිපාලන තත්වය

02.	ජන සංඛ්‍යාවේ ප‍්‍රමාණය

03.	පළාත් පාලන ප‍්‍රදේශ

04.	නාගරික ලක්ෂණ

05.	මූලික ආර්ථික කටයුතු

එබැවින් නාගරීකරණය යනු කාර්යාංශ රාශියක් කේන්ද්‍ර කරගත් අවකාශීයව සංකීර්ණ මාර්ග ජාලාවකින් එකිනෙකට සම්බන්ධ වූ භූමි කොටසකි.

නාගරික ප‍්‍රදේශයේ හඳුනාගැනීම සඳහා ජනසංඛ්‍යාව, නිවාස සංඛ්‍යාව, පරිපාලනමය ප‍්‍රදේශ වශයෙන් එක් නිර්වචනයක් පමණක් යොදාගැනීම සාර්ථක නොවීම හේතුවෙන් ඉන්දියාව, උස්බෙකිස්ථානය, ලිතුවේනියාව ආදී රටවල් කිහිපයක නාගරීකරණය සඳහා නිර්වචන කිහිපයක් භාවිතා කරනු ලබයි.

නාගරීකරණය මැනීම සදහා ප්‍රධාන ක්‍රම සතරක් උපයෝගී කොට ගැනේ. නාගරික ප්‍රදේශයක් සාධක සතරක ශ්‍රිතයක් ලෙසද දැක්විය හැකිය.
නාගරීකරණය =   ජනගහනයේ ප්‍රමාණය, භුමි ප්‍රමාණය, ජන ඝණත්වය, ආර්ථීක සමාජ සංවිධාන ක්‍රමය
සංක්‍රමණය පිළිබද අධ්‍යයනය කරන විට ඉන් බලපැම් ලබන වැදගත් සංරචකයකි නාගරීකරණය. ලෝක ජනගහන ව්‍යාප්තිය තීරණය කරන සාධක අතරින් වැදගත්ම සාධකයක් ලෙස නාගරීකරණය හැදින්විය හැකිය.  දැනට ලොව ජීවත් වන මුළු ජනගහනයෙන් 48% පමණ නාගරීක යැයි සම්මත ප්‍රදේශ වල ජීවත් වෙති.
ඵක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානයේ නාගරීකරණය සම්බන්ධ නිර්වචනය අනුව නාගරික ප්‍රදේශයක තිබිය යුතු මූලික ලක්ෂන තුනකි.

1.පරිපාලනය

2.ආර්ථීක ක්‍රියාවලිය

3.පාරිසරික තත්ත්වයන්

නාගරීකරණ මිනුම්
නාගරීකරණය පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යයනයේදී නාගරික මිනුම් හරහා නාගරීකරණයේ ස්වභාවය සහ තත්ත්වය හඳුනා ගත හැකිය. නාගරික මිනුම් අතර

 නාගරික ප්‍රතිශතය (Degee of urbanization)
 නාගරීකරණ ලතාව (Tempo of urbanization)
 ජන කේන්ද්‍රනය හා විසිරනය (Concentration & dispersion of population)
 නාගරික වර්ධන සංරචක (Components of population growth)

මෙහිදි නාගරීකරණය මැනීම සදහා බහුලව යොදා ගන්නා මිනුම ලෙස නාගරීකරණ ප්‍රතිශතය දැක්විය හැකිය. මෙය සාපේක්ෂ මිනුමකි.

ආර්ථික ප්‍රතිලාභ

ගෙවී ගිය කාලයේදි ගම්බද ප්‍රදේශ නාගරීකරණයට ඉතා සීග්‍රයෙන් බඳුන්විය. ඊට ගොවිතැන් කටයතු, පොදු සේවාවන්, කුඩා පරිමාණ ව්‍යාපාර වෙනුවට ඇතිවූ නව කර්මාන්ත ක්‍රම සහ අමුද්‍රව්‍ය යොදා ගන්නාවු නව භාණ්ඩ හේතු විය.

නාගරීකරණය වු ප්‍රදේශවල සමීක්ෂණ වාර්තාවලට අනුව මෙම ප්‍රදේශ උසස් තත්ත්වයේ භාණ්ඩ නිපදවීමට, සේවාවන්, ප්‍රවාහන සේවාවන් සහ තොග අවදාන මගින් වාර්තාගත ආදායම් ඉපයීමට ද සමත්විය. මෙහි අධ්‍යාපන, පරිපාලන අංශයේ දියුණුවක්ද දැකිය හැකිය. මෙසේ විවිධාකාර වු කොටස් මගින් නාගරීකරණ ධුරාවලිවය (Urban Hierachy) නිර්මාණය වේ.

නාගරීකරණය සමගම බඩුමිල ඉහළ යාමක් දැකිය හැකිය. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස එරික් හොබොස්වෑම් (Eric Habswam) ගේ "The age of revolution" කෘතියෙහි සඳහන් වන පරිදි, එම යුගයේදී නාගරිකරණය ඉතා සීඝ්‍රයෙන් සිදු වුණි.එමෙන්ම වැඩ කරන ජනතා ඉතා අසීරු ජීවිතයක් ගත කළහ. යුරෝපයේ නැගෙනහිර ප්‍රදේශවල දුප්පත් ජනයා විසු බවත් ඊට සාපේක්ෂව බටහිර ප්‍රදේශ පොහොසත් වු බවත්ය. නාගරීකරණය දෙස ජනතාව සෘණාත්මක ආකල්පයකින් බැලුවත් එහි ධනාත්මක පැතිකඩ වන්නේ, රැකි රක්ෂා ලබාදීම, අධ්‍යාපනය දියුණුව, නිවාස සහ ප්‍රවාහන දියුණුව හා විවිධාකාර වු ජාතීන් ආගම් අතර මෙන්ම වෙළෙදපොල තරගකාරීත්වයද දැකිය හැකි විය.

නාගරීකරණය කෙරෙහි බලපාන මුලික සාධක

නාගරීකරනය සාධක හතරක් නිසා සිදු විය හැකිය.

	1.අභ්‍යන්තරව සිදු වන ග්‍රාමීය නාගරික සංක්‍රමණ

	2.ස්වභාවික වර්ධනය

	3.ජාත්‍යන්තර නාගරික සංක්‍රමණ

	4.ග්‍රාමීය ප්‍රදේශ නාගරික ප්‍රදේශ ලෙස නැවත නිර්වචනය

ලෝක නාගරික ප්‍රවණතාවයන්

නාගරික ජනගහනයේ ප්‍රතිශතය

ප්‍රක‍්ෂිප්ත අගයන්
මුලාශ්‍රය- (එක්සත් ජාතීන්)

 ලොව විවිධ ප්‍රදේශ අනුවද ජනගහන වර්ධනයේ විවිධත්වයන් වේ.

නාගරික වර්ධන අනුපාතිකය

ප්‍රක්ෂිප්ත අගයන්
මුලාශ්‍රය (එක්සත් ජාතීන් 2002)

ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ  නාගරීකරණය

ලංකාව තුල යම් ප්‍රදේශයක් නාගරික ලෙස නම් කර ඇත්තේ රාජ්‍ය පරිපාලන තිරණයන් මතය.

ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ මහ නගර සභා (municipal council), නගර සභා (urban council), සහ සුළු නගර සභා ලෙස නාගරික ප්‍රදේශ නිර්වචනය වේ.

ශ්‍රී ලාංකික නාගරික ජන සංබ්‍යාවේ වර්ධනය මුලික ක්‍රම තුනක් මත සිදු වී ඇත.

නාගරික ප්‍රදේශ වල ස්වභාවික වර්ධනය

නාගරික ප්‍රදේශ වලට අදාල ශූද්ධ සංක්‍රමණ

ග්‍රාමීය ප්‍රදේශ නාගරික ප්‍රදේශ ලෙස නැවත නිර්වචනය

වසර 2000 දී ලංකාවේ නාගරීකරණ ප්‍රතිශතය 22.08% පමණ වු අතර 2005 දී 24.05%  පමණ ඇතැයි සැලකු අතර ප්‍රක්ෂේපන අනුව 2010 වන විට 26.04% පමණ වනු ඇත.

නාගරීකරණය සම්බන්ධ ගැටළු

නාගරික ක්‍රියාවලිය සමඟ බොහෝ රටවල විවිධ
සමාජ

ආර්ථික

ප්‍රජා විද්‍යාත්මක

දේශපාලන

සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක

මනෝ විද්‍යාත්මක

වශයෙන් ගැටළුකාරී තත්වයන් පැන නැගී ඇත.

නාගරික තදබදය.
	මෙම තත්වය හේතුවෙන්

		1.නාගරික ප්‍රදේශ වල අඩු ආදායම් ලාභි පවුල් වැඩි වීම

		2.නුපුහුණු ශ්‍රමිකයන් ප්‍රමාණය වැඩි වීම

		3.රැකියා විරහිත තරුණයන් බිහි වීම වැනි දේ ඇතිවේ.

 නාගරීකරණය හා පාරිසරික සෞබ්‍යය

මෙහිදී පහත ගැටළු ප්‍රධාන වේ

	1.මිනිස් භුමි අනුපාතය පහළ වැටීම

	2.ජනගහන තදබදය හා පාරිසරික ප්‍රශ්න

	3.ජනගහන වර්ධනය හා දුගීකම

	4.නාගරීකරණය හා සෞබ්‍ය ප්‍රශ්න

නාගරීකරණය නිසා ඇති වන මෙම ගැටළු ඉන්දියාවෙහි කල්කටාව, ලංකාවේ කොළඔ වැනි නගර වල පමණක් නොව ඇමරිකාවේ චිකාගෝ වැනි නගර වලද දැකිය හැකිය.

රූප එකතුව

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි

ඓතිහාසික
 Neolithic Revolution
 Oppidum
 Polis
 Urban revolution

කලාපීය
 Urbanization in Africa
 Urbanization in China
 Urbanization in India
 Urbanization in Pakistan
 Urbanization in the United States

මූලාශ්‍ර

වැඩිදුර අධ්‍යයනය සඳහා

බාහිර සබැඳි

 World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision, Website of the United Nations Population Division
 Urbanization in Bulgaria
 NASA Night Satellite Imagery – City lights can provide a simple, visual measure of urbanization
 Geopolis: research group, University of Paris-Diderot, France
 The Natural History of Urbanization, by Lewis Mumford
 The World System urbanization dynamics, by Andrey Korotayev
 Brief review of world socio-demographic trends includes a review of global urbanization trends
 World Economic and Social Survey 2013, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

Human migration
කාර්මික විප්ලවය
Land use
Urban planning

නාගරීකරණය


التلوث الحراري  هو تراجع جودة المياه بسبب تغير درجة الحرارة المحيطة.
السبب الشائع لهذا التلوث هو استخدام المياه كمبرد لمحطات الطاقة وللصناعات حيث عندما ترجع المياه للطبيعة بدرجة حرارة أعلى يقل دعم الأكسجين وذلك بناء على فرق درجة الحرارة مما يؤثر تماماً على التركيب البيئي.

عندما تقوم أحد محطات الطاقة ببدء التشغيل أو التوقف لأي سبب، الكثير من الأسماك والكائنات البحرية -والتي قد تكيفت للعيش في درجة حرارة معينة- قد تتعرض للموت المفاجيء بما يطلق عليه «الصدمة الحرارية».

أسباب التلوث الحراري

في حال ارتفاع درجة الحرارة
يكون السبب الرئيسي هو صناعات توليد الطاقة الكهربائية النووية والحرارية والصناعات النفطية، وذلك عن طريق طرح المياه الساخنة إلى مصادر المياه حيث يستخدم الماء للتبريد وتعود المياه الساخنة إلى هذه المصادر، وتؤثر هذه المياه على الكائنات الحية عن طريق خفض إمدادات الأوكسجين والتأثير على النظام الإيكولوجي ورفع درجة حرارة المصدر وذلك لأن الكمية التي تطرح تكون هائلة جدا. تصريف المياه السطحية (الجارية) في المدن وصناعات أخرى كصناعة الحديد و المعادن الصلبة وصناعة الورق تعد أسبابا أخرى وغير مباشرة للتلوث الحراري.

في حال انخفاض درجة الحرارة
يمكن أن ينجم ذلك عن طريق مصبات المياه الباردة جدا من خزانات السدود إلى الأنهار التي تكون أكثر دفئا. ويؤثر ذلك على الأسماك وخصوصا بيض السمك واليرقات واللافقاريات الصغيرة وعلى إنتاجية النهر.

الآثار البيئية - المياه الدافئة

تقلل درجات الحرارة المرتفعة من مستوى الأوكسجين الذائب في الماء. وانخفاض مستويات الأوكسجين الذائب يحدث ضرارا بالحيوانات المائية مثل الأسماك والبرمائيات. يمكن أن يؤدي التلوث الحراري أيضا إلى زيادة الأيض للحيوانات المائية، ويزيد نشاط الأنزيمات، مما يؤدي إلى استهلاك الكائنات كميات أكبر من الأغذية في وقت أقصر مما لو كانت البيئة لم تتغير. زيادة معدل الأيض يمكن أن يؤدي إلى نقص في مصادر المواد الغذائية، وبذلك ينقص عدد الأحياء.

يمكن أن تؤدي التغيرات في البيئة إلى هجرة الكائنات الحية من المناطق ذات السخونة الحرارية إلى بيئة أخرى أكثر ملائمة، وإلى هجرة الأسماك إلى المناطق ذات السخونة الحرارية لكن ليس عند مصبات المياه الساخنة وهذا يؤدي إلى التنافس على موارد أقل.

ومن المعروف أن التغيرات في درجات الحرارة بدرجة واحدة أو اثنتين قد يؤدي إلى تغييرات كبيرة في التمثيل الغذائي وغيرها من الآثار الخلوية البيولوجية الضارة. قد تصل درجة الحرارة إلى 70 درجة فهرنهايت للمياه العذبة، و 80 درجة فهرنهايت للمياه المالحة، و 85 درجة فهرنهايت للمدارية .

الآثار البيئية - المياه الباردة
طرح مياه خزانات السدود الباردة يمكن أن يحدث تغييرا هائلا في الحيوانات والأسماك والأنهار واللافقاريات، وتحد من إنتاجية النهر.

في أستراليا، قضي على الأسماك المحلية في العديد من الأنهر ذات الحرارة المرتفعة نسبيا، وأحدث ذلك تغييرا جذريا في الكائنات اللافقارية. يمكن لدرجات الحرارة المناسبة لأسماك المياه العذبة أن تنخفض إلى 50 درجة فهرنهايت، والمياه المالحة إلى 75 درجة فهرنهايت، والمدارية إلى 80 درجة فهرنهايت.

آثار كيميائية
سرعة التفاعل الكيميائي أو البيوكيماوي تتضاعف كل عشر درجات مئوية.

آثار طبيعية
تؤثر على كثافة المياه والشد السطحي وذوبان الغازات في الماء واللزوجة وغيرها .

المصادر

 المنتديات العلمية

الأثر البيئي لصناعة الطاقة
تقنيات التبريد
تلوث
تلوث المياه
علم البيئة المائي

تلوث حراري


Agentens Tvillinger er en stumfilm instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr. efter manuskript af Aage Brodersen.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1919
Film instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr.
Stumfilm fra Danmark

Agentens Tvillinger


Plasa Târnova a fost o unitate administrativ-teritorială în cadrul județului Soroca (interbelic), care a existat între anii 1938-1940.

Localități
 Boroseni
 Caraiman
 Codrenii-Noi
 Corbu
 Dângenii de Jos
 Dângenii de Sus
 Dondușenii-Gara
 Dondușenii-Sat
 Dragoș Vodă
 Drochia-Sat
 Elisabeta
 Frasin
 Goleni
 Grinăuți
 Grinăuții Noi
 Mihnea Vodă
 Mîndîc
 Moara Nouă
 Pivniceni
 Plopi
 Rediu Mare
 Rujnța
 Ruseni
 Scăienii de Sus
 Slănina
 Slobozia
 Șalvirii Vechi
 Târnova
 Țaul

Vezi și
 Raionul Tîrnova

Bibliografie
 Dimitrie Gusti. Enciclopedia României. Volumul II: Țara Românească. 1938.
 Bulat, Nicolae. Județul Soroca. Ch.: Editura ARC. - 350 p. ISBN 9975-61-139-7

Fondări în 1938
Desființări în 1940
Plăși din județul Soroca
Plăși din România Mare

Plasa Târnova, județul Soroca


Barou-en-Auge (, literally Barou in Auge) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Conias.

Geography
Barou-en-Auge is located some 10 km north-east of Falaise and 8 km south of Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives. Access to the commune is by the D90 road from Louvagny in the north which passes through the centre of the commune and the village before continuing south to Le Marais-la-Chapelle. The D39 from Damblainville to Heurtevent forms the northern border of the commune. The D39B goes west from the village to Morteaux-Coulibœuf.

Le Beudron stream rises near the village and flows west to join the Dives west of the commune. The Ruisseau des Ruaux flows west through the south of the commune and also joins the Dives.

Toponymy
The spelling Barou was attested in 1417. René Lepelley suggested a possible attribution of its origin to the Gallic barro (barre in Old French) meaning "fence" joined to the Gallic suffix of presence -avo meaning "enclosure". Albert Dauzat proposes the Latin anthroponym Barus.

The commune of Barou was renamed Barou-en-Auge in 1936.

History
Barou-en-Auge appears as Barou on the 1750 Cassini Map and the same on the 1790 version.

On 10 November 1855 at around 10:00 am a wolf was seen in Barou commune. Upon a declaration by the mayor a hunt was organized. All landowners with a gun had to travel to the edge of the wood where the wolf had entered. After an epic pursuit in the wood the wolf was wounded after several shots. He managed to escape and take refuge in a small wood located in the commune of Norrey. At eight in the evening the wolf was killed by a day labourer living in Barou. It was a wolf about 3 to 4 years old. A prize of 12 francs was granted.

The Falaise Pocket was the last operation of the Battle of Normandy during the Second World War. It took place from 12 to 21 August 1944 in an area between the four Normandy towns of Trun, Argentan, Vimoutiers and Chambois and ended near Falaise.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

The Municipal Council is composed of 7 members including the Mayor and 1 deputy.

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 78 inhabitants.

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage

An old Tile Factory. This factory is located on the first clays of the Auge area and close to the woods near Barou which provided fuel. In 1875 it employed four to fifteen workers. The origins of the factory are not known: it is certain that the factory already existed at the beginning of the 19th century when the Tile Factory of Barou was the property of the Jolivet de Colomby family and remains so today. The factory was rented to the Bernuis family. It permanently ceased its activities in 1916 during the First World War with the departure of the men to the front. Production at the factory was seasonal: in spring and summer the clay was mined and tiles were manufactured cooked in ten annual batches. Closed during the winter, the factory reopened after the last frost in April. In summer, especially during the harvest period, the workers went to harvest. Some remains have survived: parts of the oven, the clay insulating cover for baking, a granite millstone for crushing clay, the drying building, and the lodge for the operator who watched the process.
The Chemin Haussé Roman road passes through the commune coming from Rouvres via Jort and continuing to Exmes.

The commune has a number of buildings and sites that are registered as historical monuments:

The Grande Ferme Farmhouse (17th century)
The Taverne Farmhouse (16th century) This farmhouse was once a taverne-inn. The rear façade and the two gables are built in masonry while the main façade is half-timbered with a Corbel arch supported at both corners by the gables. This mixed construction evokes both the Pays d'Auge in the timbering, and the Caen-Falaise plain in the limestone masonry, the village being located on the border of the two regions. The servants' quarters date from the 19th century.
The Tarenne Farmhouse
A Chateau(15th century)
A House(18th century)
Houses and Farms(16th-19th centuries)

Religious heritage

The Parish Church of Saint Martin (13th century) is registered as an historical monument. There is a statue in high relief representing the charity of Saint Martin above the portal of the bell tower. This 18th century statue is separated from the rest of the church following the disappearance of a large part of the nave in the late 19th century. It is topped by a weather vane decorated with a tricolor flag instead of the traditional rooster (replaced by the commune). The choir from the 13th century is illuminated by windows with Gothic lancets. The bays of the nave have survived and are closed by a facade decorated with a neo-Gothic portal. To the south, adjoining the choir, the lordly chapel is vaulted with intersecting ribs resting on columns. In the 16th century the lordship of Barou belonged to the Morell family of Aubigny. William, squire of the Queen and Governor of Mortagne au Perche, died in April 1615 as shown on a tombstone and Litre funéraire (a black band around the church to honour the deceased). A funeral decoration is painted in fresco on the wall. The conservation of this type of decoration is rare, the murals were frequently covered according to the tastes of the time.

The Church contains many items that are registered as historical objects:
A Tombstone of William of Morel (1615)
A Lectern (19th century)
A Baptismal Font (16th century)
A Tabernacle (17th century)
An Altar and Retable (17th century)
A Statue: Christ on the Cross (18th century)
4 brasses (15th century)
A Sacristy Chasuble Cabinet (19th century)
A Litre funéraire (1615)
4 Tombstones (19th century)
A Group Sculpture: Charity of Saint Martin (16th century)

Festivals
Festival Committee: "Entertainment and leisure Barou-en-Auge" (Albea).

See also
Communes of the Calvados department

References

Communes of Calvados (department)

Barou-en-Auge


ماريو أنشيك  (30 مارس 1984 في سبليت) هو لاعب كرة مضرب كرواتي. يعيش في الوقت الحالي في مونتي كارلو.

روابط إضافية

 Ančić recent match results
 Ančić world ranking history
 Ančić´s fansite

مراجع

أبطال أولمبيون في كرة المضرب
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2004
رياضيون من سبليت (كرواتيا)
فائزون بميداليات برونزية أولمبية من كرواتيا
كرواتيون مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
كرواتيون مغتربون في موناكو
لاعبو كرة مضرب أولمبيون من كرواتيا
لاعبو كرة مضرب شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية لعام 2004
لاعبو كرة مضرب في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2000
لاعبو كرة مضرب كرواتيون
مواليد 1984
مواليد في سبليت
نوفاك دجوكوفيتش

خريجو كلية الحقوق بجامعة كولومبيا
خريجو جامعة سبليت
مدربو نوفاك دجوكوفيتش
مدراء الرابطة الوطنية لكرة السلة
لاعبو كرة مضرب من سبليت، كرواتيا

ماريو أنشيك


Aragua () je jedna od 23 savezne države Venezuele, na sjeveru zemlje.

Država je ime dobila po istoimenoj rijeci Aragui glavnoj pritoci Jezera Valencia.

Administrativni centar države je Maracay, velik Industrijski centar, u kojem živi približno 477.000 stanovnika, a oko 800.000 u širem gradskom području.
Ostali veći urbani centri su Turmero (373,000 stan); El Limón (112,800); La Victoria (112,100), Cagua (134,100) i Villa de Cura (92,900 ).

Karakteristike
Aragua ima 1,735,981 stanovnika koji žive na površini od 7,014 km²-

Aragua se prostire od Karipskog mora na sjeveru, do savezne države Guárico na jugu, sa zapada graniči s Državom Carabobo, s istoka s Državom Miranda i sa sjeveroistoka s Distriktom glavnog grada Caracasa.

Teren Arague se najvećim dijelom prostire po dva kraka masiva Karipskih Andi, koje razdvaja despresija u kojoj leži Jezero Valencia. Gotovo cijeli sjeverni dio države (1,070 km²) zauzima Nacionalni park Henri Pittier, osnovan još 1937. kao prvi u zemlji. Park ima izuzetno bogatu i raznovrsnu floru, a proteže od obala Karipskog mora duž oba sjeveroistočna kraka Karipskih Andi na jugu.

Najviša planina je Pico Codazzi (2,425 m), u podnožju koje izvire rijeka Tuy, značajna za opskrbu Caracasa vodom.

Klima države je tropska, iako postoji znatna razlika u količini oborina, više kiše padne po unutrašnjosti, a manje duž obale.

Gospodarstvo

Po dolini rijeke Arague uzgajaju se brojne poljoprivredne kulture. Među njima šećerna trska još uvijek drži prvo mjesto, u novije vrijeme sadi se i sve više krumpira. Od ostalih kultura uzgaja se; kakao, kava, pamuk, kukuruz, rajčica, citrus, riža i duhan. U Aragui je još uvijek dobro razvijeno stočarstvo, ali se stada sve više smanjuju, jer se pašnjaci pretvaraju u oranice. Najveći dio industrijskih poduzeća nalazi se u zoni grada Maracaya.
Aragua ima solidnu mrežu cesta i dobro je povezana s ostatkom zemlje.

Aragua je s ekonomskog stajališta, jedna od glavnih država u Venezueli, jer se u njoj proizvode značajne količine mliječnih i metalnih proizvoda, kemikalije, električni kabeli, tekstil, papir, cement, alkoholna pića, biljna ulja i sklapaju automobili.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Estado Aragua na portalu Venezuelatuya
 Estado Aragua na portalu Encyclopedia Britannica

Savezne države Venezuele

Aragua (država u Venezueli)


في علم الحاسوب، الوظيفة الكلية هي إيجاد قيمة العائد من مجموعة من قيم المدخلات مثل مجموعة، أوقائمة.

الوظيفة الكلية الشائعة وتشمل:

•	 المتوسط الحسابي()

•	 عملية العد ()

•	 الحد الأقصى ()

•	 الحد الأدنى ()

•	 المجموع ()

الوظيفة الكلية شائعة في العديد من لغات البرمجة مثل روبي Ruby، وجداول البيانات spreadsheets، والجبر العلائقي relational algebra.

مراجع

الوظائف الفرعية
حوسبة

وظيفة كلية


Biandronno ist eine italienische Gemeinde (comune) in der Provinz Varese in der Region Lombardei.

Geographie
Die Gemeinde liegt am westlichen Ufer des Lago di Varese und bedeckt eine Fläche von 8,32 km². Zu Biandronno gehört die Fraktion Cassinetta. Die Nachbargemeinden sind Bardello, Bregano, Cazzago Brabbia, Gavirate, Ternate, Travedona-Monate und Varese.

Auf der dem Ufer vorgelagerten Insel, Isolino Virginia Camilla, befinden sich Pfahlbauten, die seit 2011 zum UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe zählen.

Geschichte
Das Dorf Biandronno, das zur Pieve von Brebbia gehörte, wurde in den Statuten der Straßen und Gewässer des Herzogtums Mailand unter den Gemeinden erwähnt, die zur Instandhaltung der Straße von Rho beitrugen (1346). In den Registern des Estimo (Grundbuch) des Herzogtums Mailand von 1558 und den nachfolgenden Aktualisierungen im 17. Jahrhundert ist Biandronno noch immer in derselben Pieve enthalten. Im Jahr 1751 wurde die Gemeinde zum glücklichen Andenken des Grafen Giulio Visconti belehnt, der eine Lehnsabgabe von 80 Lire und 2 Soldi pro Jahr zu entrichten hatte.

Die Justiz wurde von dem in Gavirate ansässigen Podestà ausgeübt, an den jährlich 17 Lire und 11 Soldi gezahlt wurden. Der Konsul der Gemeinde leistete einen Eid auf der Strafbank von Gallarate mit der Zahlung von 22,5 Lira an das zuständige königliche Amt als Oberrichter.
Die Gemeinde hatte weder einen allgemeinen noch einen besonderen Rat, da es außer dem Kanzler, den Bürgermeistern und dem Konsul, die jährlich gewählt wurden, keine Beamten gab. Um die wichtigsten Entscheidungen zu treffen, trafen sich die Familienoberhäupter, die zuvor vom Konsul benachrichtigt worden waren, an einem Feiertag nach der Messe auf dem öffentlichen Platz. Die Gemeinde besaß nur Wald- und Weideland, aus dem sie jährlich etwa 25 Lire erwirtschaftete, die zur Bezahlung des Gehalts des Podestà und anderer Ausgaben verwendet wurden. Der Kanzler residierte in Coquio und erhielt ein Jahresgehalt von 38 Liren. Die Schriften der Gemeinde wurden teils vom Kanzler, teils vom Bürgermeister in einer Kiste aufbewahrt, die als Archiv diente. Die Gemeinde hatte keine Prokuristen oder Vertreter in Mailand; in Notfällen wurde der Bürgermeister der Provinz, Giovanni Frapoli, angerufen,

Bevölkerung

 1809 Fusion mit Bardello

Verkehr
Der Bahnhof der Nachbargemeinde Travedona und Biandronno liegt an der Bahnstrecke Luino–Mailand.

Sport
1965 und 1970 war Biandronno Etappenort des Giro d'Italia.

Literatur
 Anna Ferrari-Bravo, Paola Colombini: Guida d'Italia. Lombardia (esclusa Milano). Milano 1987, S. 196.
 Lombardia – Touring club italiano, Touring Editore (1999), ISBN 88-365-1325-5, Biandronno Online auf italienisch.

Weblinks

 Biandronno (italienisch) auf lombardiabeniculturali.it, abgerufen am 17. Dezember 2015.
 Biandronno (italienisch) auf tuttitalia.it/lombardia
 Biandronno (italienisch) auf comuni-italiani.it
 Biandronno (italienisch) auf lombardia.indettaglio.it/ita/comuni/va/

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Lombardei

Biandronno


Pallavolo Sirio Perugia war ein italienischer Frauen-Volleyballverein aus Perugia (Region Umbrien), der in der italienischen Serie A spielte.

Geschichte
Pallavolo Sirio Perugia wurde 1970 gegründet und spielte seit 1996 in der höchsten italienischen Spielklasse "Serie A1". Dabei spielten die Frauen ständig in der Spitzengruppe mit und wurden 2003, 2005 und 2007 Italienischer Meister. Hinzu kamen fünf italienische Pokalsiege (1992, 1999, 2003, 2005 und 2007). Auch in Europa war Pallavolo Sirio Perugia ein Spitzenteam. So gewann man 2000 den Europapokal der Pokalsieger, 2005 und 2007 den CEV-Pokal und wurde 2006 und 2008 Champions-League-Sieger. In den letzten Jahren trat die Mannschaft unter den Sponsornamen "Colussi Sirio Perugia" und "Despar Sirio Perugia" an. 2011 wurde der Verein wegen finanzieller Schwierigkeiten aufgelöst.

Bekannte Spielerinnen
  (2001–2005)
  (1989–1993)
  (2000–2008)
  (2002–2008)
  (2006–2008)
  (2001–2004)
  (2008–2009)
  (1997–2006)
  (2001–2004)
  (2004–2007)
  (2004–2007)
  (2003–2004)
  (1999–2001)
  (2007–2008)
  (2009–2010)
  (2005–2007/2009–2010)
  (2007–2008)
  (1998–2000)
  (1998–2000)
  (2008–2009)

Weblinks
 Porträt auf legavolleyfemminile

Perugia, Pallavolo Sirio
Sportverein in Umbrien

Pallavolo Sirio Perugia


ماري سميث جونز (14 مايو، 1918 – 21 يناير، 2008) كانت آخر متحدث للغة إياك. ولدت في كوردوفا، ألاسكا.في مقابلةٍ عام 2005 وضحت سميث جونز أن اسمها بلغة إياك هو Udach' Kuqax*a'a'ch والذي يترجم حسب قولها إلى «صوت ينادي الناس من بعيد».

مراجع

أشخاص من أنكوريج (ألاسكا)
أشخاص من كوردوفا (ألاسكا)
مواليد 1918
مواليد في كوردوفا (ألاسكا)
وفيات 2008
وفيات في أنكوريج (ألاسكا)

المرأة في ألاسكا

ماري سميث جونز


Gamergate er hreyfing á netmiðlum sem byrjaði út af áhyggjum tölvuleikjaspilara um hlutleysi fjölmiðla í tölvuleikjaiðnaðinum þegar kom að umfjöllun þeirra um tölvuleiki. Árið 2014 þróaðist hreyfingin í hatursorðræðu gegn fjölmiðlum og sumum femínistum sem gagnrýndu tölvuleikjaiðnaðinn.

Uppruni
Fyrir 2014 höfðu leikjaspilarar lengi verið ósáttir við umfjöllun um tölvuleiki í fjölmiðlum ekki síst vegna þess að fjölmiðlar virtust vera búnir að rækta sterkt samband milli sín og tölvuleikjaframleiðanda. Það var áhyggjuefni að fjölmiðlar voru að forgangsraða hagsmunum fyrirtækjanna sem markaðsettu leiki sína á vefsíðum þeirra og það hefði áhrif á gagnrýni þeirra á vissa leiki. Árið 2007 var Jeff Gerstmann, áberandi leikjagagnrýnanda, sagt upp á leikjafréttavefsíðunni GameSpot fyrir að hafa skrifað neikvæða gagnrýni á leik sem hafði verið auglýstur mikið á vefsíðunni.

Á fyrri hluta fyrsta áratugar 21. aldar fundu margir leikjaspilarar fyrir því að fjölmiðlar í iðnaðinum voru að taka pólitíska afstöðu til þess hvernig þeir gagnrýndu leiki út frá svokallaðri pólitískri rétthugsun. Þessi pólitíska rétthugsun ásamt málum eins og Gerstmann-málinu hjálpaði til að valda gagnkvæmri andúð milli fjölmiðla og leikjaspilara sem versnaði árið 2014.

Hatursorðræða
Frá og með ágúst 2014 var eineltisátaki beint að nokkrum konum í tölvuleikjaiðnaðinum; einkum leikjahönnuðunum Zoë Quinn og Brianna Wu, og femínístanum Anita Sarkeesian. Þann 14. febrúar 2013 gaf Zoë Quinn út leikinn Depression Simulator sem hlaut mikið lof gagnrýnenda. Leikurinn var óvenjulegur á þann hátt að þátttaka snerist eingöngu um lestur og ákvarðanir um hvernig sagan ætti að fara. Gagnrýnendur hrósuðu leiknum aðallega fyrir hvernig hann tæklaði flókið málefni. Leikurinn náði hins vegar ekki að höfða eins mikið til hins hefðbundna leikjaspilarahóps. Þetta breikkaði gjána milli leikjafjölmiðla og spilara.

Í ágúst 2014 skrifaði Eron Gjoni, fyrrverandi kærasti Quinn, móðgandi bloggfærslu um Quinn þar sem hann sakaði hana ranglega um ósiðlegt samband við blaðamanninn Nathan Grayson sem vann fyrir leikjasíðuna Kotaku. Bloggfærslan staðfesti fyrir fram ákveðnar hugmyndir leikjaspilara um að leikjafjölmiðlar væru spilltir og #gamergate byrjaði að dreifast á samfélagsmiðlum til þess að berjast gegn þeirri spillingu. Gamergate höfðaði mikið til hægri manna sem litu svo á að spillingin í leikjafjölmiðlum væri tengt stefnu vinstri manna til þess að taka yfir leikjamenningu og kúga fólk með pólitískri rétthugsun. Blaðamenn og leikjahönnuðir eins og Brianna Wu og Anita Sarkeesian sem tóku upp hanskan fyrir Zoë Quinn og byrjuðu að gagnrýna kynjamismunun innan tölvuleikjaiðnaðarins urðu fyrir hatursorðræðu stuðningsmanna Gamergate. Eineltisherferðir gegn Quinn og öðrum fólu í sér hótanir um nauðganir og líflát.

Gamergaters
Talsmenn Gamergate (Gamergaters) hafa lýst því yfir að þeir hefðu enga opinberan leiðtoga eða stefnuskrá. Stuðningsmenn Gamergate nota dulnefni á netmiðlum eins og 4chan, Internet Relay Chat, Twitter og Reddit. Yfirlýsingar sem koma frá fulltrúum Gamergate hafa verið ósamræmanlegar sem hefur gert fréttaskýrendur erfitt að greina markmið og hvatir. Stuðningsmenn Gamergate sögðu að siðlaust samráð væri á milli fjölmiðla, femínista og vinstri manna.

Tilvísanir

Gamergate


The Lowry Hotel is located by the River Irwell in Salford, Greater Manchester, England. The five-star hotel is named after the artist L. S. Lowry. Although within the boundaries of the City of Salford, it is close to Manchester city centre and is known as "The Lowry Hotel Manchester". Upon opening, Marco Pierre White was the overseeing chef of the River Room restaurant.

Ownership
The hotel was owned by The Rocco Forte Collection, the company of Sir Rocco Forte, son of the late hotel magnate Baron Charles Forte. In November 2016, the hotel was put up for sale, two years after being acquired by Westmont Hospitality Group and Mount Kellett Capital Management in a deal estimated to be worth £40m.

Architecture
The Lowry Hotel structure is a reinforced concrete frame on continuous flight auger piles constructed on a brown field site adjacent to the River Irwell. The external façades are glazed with rain screen cladding hung from the frame.

Guests
Portuguese football manager Jose Mourinho lived in the Lowry during his time as manager of Manchester United, spending an estimated £716,000 over more than two years.

References

External links
Hotel Website
thelowryhotel.com

Hotels established in 2001
Hotels in Greater Manchester
Buildings and structures in Salford

Lowry Hotel


El Aeropuerto de Omsk-Tsentralny (En ruso:  Аэропорт Центральный) es un aeropuerto localizado a 5 km de la ciudad de Omsk, en Rusia. Tiene capacidad de atender aeronaves de gran tamaño, como el Airbus A330. En 2007 el aeropuerto movió a 567,940 pasajeros.

Historia

El aeropuerto se construyó en los años 20 y empezó operaciones en 1929, cuando los primeros Fokker C-4 empezaron a volar regularmente hacia Novosibirsk e Irkutsk. En 1934 la autoridad de aviación civil de la URSS reabrió el aeropuerto, que había estado cerrado desde 1931, y lo preparó para empezar a recibir vuelos nuevamente. Durante la II Guerra Mundial, el aeropuerto sirvió como base de reparación para los bombarderos soviéticos que defendían le región. Tras la guerra se construyó un complejo hotelero en las cercanías del aeropuerto, y a principios de los años 50 se construyó una nueva terminal, con la capacidad de atender a los nuevos aviones Tu-104. Durante los años 60 el aeropuerto se convirtió en un aeropuerto exclusivamente civil, y por esto fue necesaria la inauguración de una nueva pista, lo cual se haría en 1965. En 1972 se amplió la terminal del aeropuerto y se creó Aeroflot-Omsk, una división de Aeroflot para satisfacer la demanda en la región, esta división operaba aviones Antonov An-24 y Tupolev Tu-154. A finales los años 80 el aeropuerto alcanzó su pico de operaciones, llegando a tener 100 vuelos por día, esto debido a las reformas que se llevaron a cabo en la URSS, las cuales otorgaban más libertad a los ciudadanos, y por esto la gente se movía hacia las ciudades limítrofes para cruzar hacia los países occidentales. Tras la caída de la URSS, en 1997 se inauguró una terminal internacional en el aeropuerto. En 2001 se instalaron en el aeropuerto nuevos sistemas de radionavegación. En 2006 el aeropuerto fue certificado para poder recibir y prestar mantenimiento a aviones como los Airbus A320, Boeing 737, Tupolev Tu-204, Tupolev Tu-214 y Sukhoi Superjet 100.

Datos Técnicos

Actualmente el aeropuerto de Omsk cuenta con dos pistas: la pista activa, que está equipada con sistemas PAPI , tiene una longitud de 2.500 y una anchura de 45 m.
La longitud de la pista de tierra es activo de 2800 m (100 m de ancho).

El aeropuerto está equipado para prestar servicio, a aviones Tupolev Tu-134, Tupolev Tu-154, Ilyushin Il-76, Antonov An-12, Antonov An-24, Antonov An-26, Antonov An-30, Antonov An-74, Yakovlev Yak-40, Yakovlev Yak-42, BAe 125, Ilyushin Il-18, Ilyushin Il-62 (en casos excepcionales), Tupolev Tu-204, Tupolev Tu-214, Boeing 737, Boeing 757, ATR-42, Sukhoi Superjet 100, Airbus A320, Airbus A319, Pilatus PC-12, así como helicópteros de todo tipo.

El peso máximo de las aeronaves de despegue es de 190 toneladas .

Actualmente el aeropuerto de Omsk está abierta las 24 horas del día para el vuelo chárter, de carga, vuelos regulares, nacionales e internacionales y personalidades.

El aeropuerto

El Aeropuerto de Omsk-Tsentralny es uno de los principales aeropuertos civiles de Rusia. La ciudad de Omsk fue una vez el más grande de Siberia, gracias a los suministros brindados por el ferrocarril transiberiano, es ahora la segunda ciudad en importancia, y aún mantiene una posición estratégica en el puente aéreo que conecta la parte europea y asiática de Rusia. El aeropuerto ocupa en 2006 el lugar número 27 en la línea aérea nacional de Rusia y 24 ° en el transporte aéreo internacional en Rusia.

Servicios

 Venta de pasajes
 Terminal de autobuses y taxis
 Comidas rápidas y bares
 Restaurantes
 Policía de fronteras
 Aduana
 Enfermería
 Bancos y casas de cambio
 Puestos de periódicos
 Baños

Aerolíneas y destinos

Referencias
Trabajos es en aeropuerto (En ruso)

Diagrama del aeropuerto

Omsk-Tsentralny
Transporte de Omsk

Aeropuerto de Omsk-Tsentralny


Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası ya da Türkiye Futbol Birinciliği, Türkiye'de ülke çapında yapılan ilk futbol şampiyonasıdır. Türk İdman Cemiyetleri İttifakı'nın 1924 yılında Ankara'da yapılan bir genel kurul toplantısında düzenlenmesi kararlaştırıldı. Futbol Heyet-i Müttehidesi adıyla kurulan Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu tarafından düzenlendi. Lig formatında düzenlenen bölge ve şehir liglerinde şampiyon olan takımları, eliminasyon usulüne göre karşılaştıran organizasyon, farklı şehir takımlarını bir araya getiren ilk ulusal futbol şampiyonası olma özelliğini taşımaktadır.

İlk şampiyonaya kısıtlı zaman kalması sebebiyle, özellikle İstanbul ve İzmir şampiyonlarını belirleyecek İstanbul Futbol Ligi ve İzmir Futbol Ligi eliminasyonlu turnuva şeklinde düzenlendi. Acele kararlaştırılarak düzenlenen bu ilk şampiyonadan sonra, 1925 ve 1926 yıllarında organizasyon maddî imkansızlıktan dolayı tekrarlanamadı. 1927 yılında ikinci kez yapılan Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası, 1928 Yaz Olimpiyatları, parasızlık vb. nedenlerle dört yıl daha düzenlenemedi. 1951 yılına dek bu şampiyona aralıklarla düzenlendi. 1952 yılından 1996 yılına kadar, Türkiye Amatör Futbol Şampiyonası ya da Türkiye Amatör Takımlar Şampiyonası adı altında sadece kulüplerin amatör takımları arasında oynandı ve birinci seviye olmaktan çıktı.

Deplasman maliyetlerinin yüksek olmasından ötürü kimi yıllar şampiyonaya katılamayan takımlar olurken, askerliğin 2 yıla kadar sürdüğü dönemlerde Harp Okulu (eski adıyla Harbiye) ve Muhafızgücü gibi takımlar askerliğini yapan futbolcular sayesinde başarılar elde ettiler. Fenerbahçe ve Harp Okulu 3 şampiyonluk ile şampiyonanın en başarılı takımlarıdır.

Tarihçe

1920'ler

1923'te Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulmasından sonra 1924'te ilk Türk Spor Kongresi toplandı. Bu kongre sırasında tamamlanmak üzere ilk kez Türkiye çapında bir turnuva düzenlendi. Bu turnuvayı kazanan Harbiye takımı ilk Türkiye şampiyonu oldu. Ancak turnuvanın detayları farklı kaynaklarda farklı biçimde anlatıldı. TFF'ye göre Harbiye, İstanbul şampiyonu Beşiktaş'ı 2-0 yenerek şampiyon olmuştur. Ancak dönemin gazetelerine dayanan diğer kaynaklara göre Harbiye, Beşiktaş'ı çeyrek finalde 2-0 yenerek elemiş, finalde ise Bahriye'yi 3-0 yenerek şampiyon olmuş, üçüncü ise Ankara şampiyonu Anadolu Turan San'atkârangücü olmuştur. Diğer bir kaynağa göre ise Beşiktaş, yarı finalde Harbiye'ye 2-0 yenildikten sonra üçüncülük maçında Turan Sanatkâran'ı yendi. Şampiyonluk maçında ise Harbiye, Bahriye'yi 1-0 yendi. Finalde hakemlik görevini TFF'nin ilk başkanı olan Yusuf Ziya Öniş üstlenmiştir.

1925 ve 1926 yıllarında Futbol Birinciliği programları hazırlanıp, hakemlerin belirlenmesine karşın hükûmetin turnuvaya bütçe tahsis edememesi yüzünden turnuva hayata geçirilemedi. 1927'de ikinci kez düzenlenen turnuvayı kazanan takım Altınordu'yu finalde 5-1 yenen Muhafızgücü oldu. Böylece Türkiye'nin ilk iki şampiyonluğuna ordu takımları erişmişlerdi. Muhafızgücü, çeyrek finalde İstanbul şampiyonu Galatasaray'ı 1-1 ve 3-2 ile geçmişti. Finalde üç gol atan Şekip Bey, bir Türkiye şampiyonasında hat-trick yapan ilk futbolcu oldu.

1930'lar
1927'den sonra tekrar bir duraklama dönemine giren turnuva 1932 üçüncü kez düzenlendi. 21 Ekim 1932'de Alsancak Stadyumu'nda oynanan maçta İstanbul şampiyonu İstanbulspor, Altınordu'yu 3-1 yenerek şampiyon oldu. Böylece İstanbulspor, bu turnuvayı kazanan ilk İstanbul takımı ve ilk sivil futbol takımı oldu. 1933 yılında ise finale Fenerbahçe ve İzmirspor kaldı. 29 Ekim 1933'te Ankara İstiklal Sahası'nda oynanan finalde İzmirspor son dakikalara 1-0 önde girdi. Ancak maçın sonlarına doğru hakem Fenerbahçe lehine bir penaltı verince saha karıştı. Seyircilerin de sahaya inmesi ile maç yarıda kaldı.

10 Kasım 1933'te, bu kez İzmir'de, iki takım tekrar karşı karşıya geldi. Maçı, Fenerbahçe 8-0 kazanarak kupayı ilk kez müzesine götürdü. 1934 tarihinde final Bursa'da Altay ve Beşiktaş arasında oynandı. Altay oyuna çok iyi başlayıp, ilk dakikadan gol buldu. Daha sonra da bir penaltı vuruşunu gole çeviremedi. İkinci yarı toparlanan Beşiktaş, Hakkı Yeten'in penaltı golü ile eşitliği yakaladı. Maçın normal süresi 1-1 bittikten sonra uzatmalarda iki gol bulan Beşiktaş, tarihinin ilk Türkiye şampiyonluğunu kazandı.

1935'te Fenerbahçe, Altınordu'yu 3-1 yenerek kupayı ikinci kez müzesine götürdü. Altınordu ise altı şampiyonanın yarısında finale kalsa da kupaya bir kez daha erişemedi. Bu turnuva sonrası 1930'ların sonuna dek Türkiye Birinciliği, Millî Küme'nin kurulup icra edilmesinden dolayı düzenlenmedi. Yalnızca 1937, 1938 ve 1948 yıllarında 3 büyük ligden herhangi bir takımın katılmadığı ve sadece Anadolu liglerinin birinci takımlarına açık olan Türkiye Gruplararası Şampiyonluğu tertip edildi. Türkiye Şampiyonluğu ile karıştırılmaması gereken bu turnuvalarda 1937'de Bafra İdman Yurdu, 1938'de Eskişehir Demirspor ve 1948'de Adana Demirspor Gruplar Şampiyonu oldular.

1940'lar
Turnuva 1940'ta tekrar düzenlenmeye başladı. O istisnai sezonun finalinde kupanın en başarılı takımı olan Millî Küme şampiyonu Fenerbahçe ile kuruluşunun 10. yılını kutlayan Gruplar şampiyonu Eskişehir Demirspor karşı karşıya geldi. İlk maç 0-0 bitince, bir gün sonra tekrar bir maç yapılmasına karar verildi. Bu maçı 3-1 kazanan Demirspor, kupayı Ankara ve İstanbul dışına çıkarmış oldu. 1941'de finalde Gençlerbirliği ve Beşiktaş karşı karşıya geldi. O sezon Millî Küme'yi Beşiktaş namağlup şampiyon, Gençlerbirliği ise sonuncu bitirdiği için kimse Gençlerbirliği'ne şans vermiyordu ancak Gençlerbirliği maça hızlı başlayıp ilk yarım saatte 3-0 öne geçti. Çok gergin geçen ve iki takımın da maçı 9 kişi tamamladığı final Gençlerbirliği'nin 4-1'lik galibiyeti ile sonuçlandı.

1942'de şampiyonluğu Harp Okulu (eski adıyla Harbiye) ikinci kez müzesine götürdü. 1943'te düzenlenmeyen turnuva, 1944'te farklı bir formatla düzenlendi. Eleme gruplarını birinci bitiren takımlar kendi aralarında gruplar şampiyonunu belirlemek için karşılaştılar. Gruplar şampiyonu olan Mersin İdman Yurdu, üç büyük ligin şampiyonlarının doğrudan yer aldığı Final Grubu'na katılmaya hak kazandı. Final Grubu ise tek devreli bir lig halinde oynandı. Bütün rakiplerini yenen Fenerbahçe, üçüncü kez Türkiye Birinciliği'nin sahibi oldu. Bu turnuva sonrası Türkiye futbol tarihindeki ilk Başbakanlık Kupası maçı tertip edildi. Türkiye Futbol Birinciliği'ni kazanan takım, bu kupada Millî Küme birincisi ile karşı karşıya gelecekti. İlk Başbakanlık Kupası'nda Fenerbahçe, Millî Küme şampiyonu Beşiktaş'a 4-1 yenildi.

1950 yılına dek bu format devam etti. Ancak her zaman Millî Küme şampiyonu, Türkiye Futbol Birinciliği şampiyonuna üstün geldi. 1945'te kupayı bir kez daha Harp Okulu kazandı. 1946'da yine son dört takımın tek devreli lig usulü mücadele ettiği turnuvayı ikinci kez Gençlerbirliği müzesine götürdü. 1947'de yine bir Ankara takımı olan Ankara Demirspor kupayı kazandı. Ankara Demirspor, yıllar sonra bu şampiyonlukların kayıtlara geçmesi için Federasyon'a başvurularda bulunan ilk takım oldu ancak TFF'den olumlu yanıt alamadı. 1949 yılında da kupa Ankara'da kaldı ve kupanın sahibi Ankaragücü oldu. Ankaragücü, ilk maçta Galatasaray'ı, 1-3 yenik duruma düşmesine rağmen, 4-3 yenerek turnuva finaline çok iyi bir başlangıç yaptı. Diğer rakiplerini ise kolay yenen takım Türkiye Birinciliği'nin sahibi oldu.

Son turnuvalar
1950 yılında İzmir'de düzenlenen turnuvayı Göztepe kazanarak, kupayı ilk kez İzmir'e getirmiş oldu. ABD turnesine çıkan Beşiktaş'ın yedek ağırlıklı takımını gönderdiği turnuvada Göztepe ve Gençlerbirliği mücadele etti ancak Göztepe, kupanın bir kez daha Ankara'ya gitmesine izin vermedi. 1951'de son kez düzenlenen kupayı ise kazanan takım Beşiktaş oldu. 24 Eylül 1951'de resmen profesyonelliğe geçilmesinden dolayı son buldu. Bu tarihten itibaren turnuva sadece amatör takımlara açık olup birinci seviye olmaktan çıktı ve Türkiye Amatör Futbol Şampiyonası adı altında devam etti.

Şampiyonlar

Kaynak:

Şampiyonluk sayıları

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye futbol şampiyonları listesi
 Süper Lig

Kaynakça

Kitaplar

Dış bağlantılar
 RSSSF

Türkiye'deki feshedilen futbol müsabakaları
1924'te Türkiye'de kurulan oluşumlar
1924'te kurulan yinelenen spor etkinlikleri
Avrupa'daki eski birinci seviye ulusal futbol ligleri

Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası


Radioprotecția reprezintă totalitatea metodelor și mijloacelor de reducere a efectelor nocive ale radiațiilor.

Securitate nucleară
Radioactivitate
Radiații

Radioprotecție


Tachizaki ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Fuyuko Tachizaki (* 1989), japanische Biathletin
 Mikito Tachizaki (* 1988), japanischer Biathlet und Skilangläufer

Tachizaki


نجوم ناصر الغانم من مواليد مدينة دبي عام (1962 -).
أديبة وشاعرة إماراتية ومخرجة سينمائية، شغلت منصب مدير الإعلام الجديد في مؤسسة الإمارات للإعلام، عضوة في مجلس إدارة في هيئة أبوظبي للثقافة والتراث.

تعليمها
درست في مدرسة الحي أي (الفريج) التي كانت تقطنها.
ثم حصلت على شهادة البكالوريوس في الإنتاج والإخراج التلفزيوني من جامعة أوهايو بأميركا، في عام 1996.
وكذلك حصلت على شهادة الماجستير في الإخراج السينمائي من جامعة غريفيث بأستراليا، في عام 1999.

المسيرة الشعرية
بدأت نجوم الغانم الكتابة الشعرية في أواخر السبعينيات ولم تتجه للنشر في الصحافة المحلية في دولة الإمارات، إلا في مطلع الثمانينات.
أصدرت أول ديوان لها بعنوان  مساء الجنة  (1989)، ثم تتابعت مجموعاتها الشعرية فأصدرت حتى الآن ستة مجموعات.
تتخذ الشاعرة نجوم الغانم من قصيدة النثر شكلاً إبداعياً، مع أنها استهلت مشوارها الإبداعي مع قصيدة التفعيلة.
شاركت في العديد من الملتقيات والأمسيات والمهرجانات الثقافية والشعرية في العالم العربي وبعض الدول الأوروبية.

دواوينها الشعرية
بدأت الكتابة منذ مطلع الثمانينات وقد صدر لها حتى الآن خمسة دواوين شعرية:
 «مساء الجنة» 1989.
 «الجرائر» 1991.
 «رواحل» 1996.
 «منازل الجلنار» 2000.
 «لا وصف لما أنا فيه» 2005.
 «ملائكة الأشواق البعيدة» 2008.

في الإخراج
أخرجت الأفلام التالية:
 فيلم المريد، 2008.
 ما بين ضفتين، 1999.
 آيس كريم (فيلم) 1997.
 الحديقة (فيلم) 1997.

وصلات خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من دبي
خريجو جامعة أوهايو
خريجو جامعة جريفيث
شاعرات إماراتيات
شعراء إماراتيون في القرن 20
شعراء إماراتيون في القرن 21
صانعات أفلام وثائقية
صانعو أفلام وثائقية إماراتيون
كاتبات إماراتيات في القرن 20
كاتبات إماراتيات في القرن 21
كتاب إماراتيون في القرن 20
كتاب إماراتيون في القرن 21
مخرجات أفلام إماراتيات
مخرجو أفلام إماراتيون
مخرجو أفلام باللغة العربية
مواليد 1382 هـ
مواليد 1962

نجوم الغانم


Râul Neajlovel este un râu din România, afluent al râului Neajlov, în care se varsă în apropiere de localitatea Gruiu, Județul Argeș.

Râuri din județul Argeș
Bazinul Argeș

Râul Neajlovel (Gruiu)


Zach Mercer, né le   à Leeds, est un joueur international anglais de rugby à XV évoluant au poste de troisième ligne centre ou de troisième ligne aile au sein de l'effectif du Montpellier Hérault rugby.

Il remporte le Championnat de France avec Montpellier en 2022.

Biographie

Formé à Old Brodleians, Zach Mercer rejoint l'équipe de Bath en 2016.

En 2021, il s'engage avec le Montpellier HR pour deux saisons et une saison optionnelle.

Durant la saison 2021-2022, son club, termine à la deuxième place de la phase régulière et se qualifie donc pour les phases finales. Lors de la demi-finale, il est titulaire en troisième ligne aux côtés d'Alexandre Bécognée et Yacouba Camara, et bat l'Union Bordeaux Bègles, se qualifiant ainsi pour la finale. Le , il est de nouveau titulaire lors de la finale du Top 14 et affronte victorieusement le Castres olympique (victoire 29 à 10). Durant cette finale il effectue un coup de pied rasant que récupère Arthur Vincent qui inscrit alors le premier essai de la rencontre. Il remporte ainsi le premier trophée de sa carrière. Cette saison 2021-2022, il joue 31 matches toutes compétitions confondues et marque cinq essais.

Après avoir joué 26 des 28 matchs de son club en Top 14, Zach Mercer a été l'un des principaux artisans du premier Bouclier de Brennus de l'histoire du MHR. Il est alors élu meilleur joueur de la saison 2021-2022 du Top 14 lors de la dix-huitième Nuit du rugby. Il est également nommé dans l'équipe type du championnat cette saison.

Le 30 août 2022, le club anglais de Gloucester Rugby annonce la signature de Zach Mercer pour la saison 2023-2024. Mercer retourne dans son pays dans l'optique d'intégrer le XV de la Rose, car il n'est pas sélectionnable en jouant en France, et de disputer la Coupe du monde 2023. Malgré ce choix de carrière, il n'est pas retenu par le nouveau sélectionneur Steve Borthwick dans le groupe de 41 joueurs pour les matchs de préparation au mondial.

Palmarès

En club
  Montpellier HR
 Vainqueur du Championnat de France en 2022

En équipe nationale

Vainqueur du Championnat du monde junior en 2016.

Distinctions personnelles
 Membre de l'équipe type du Championnat de France en 2022
 Meilleur joueur du championnat de France en 2022 lors de la dix-huitième Nuit du rugby

Notes et références

Liens externes

Joueur international anglais de rugby à XV
Joueur de Bath Rugby
Joueur du Montpellier HR
Joueur du Barbarian FC
Troisième ligne centre (rugby à XV)
Troisième ligne aile (rugby à XV)
Naissance en juin 1997
Naissance à Leeds

Zach Mercer


Kavuştak, nakarat mısralara verilen addır. Türküler ikişer, üçer, dörder mısralık bentler üzerine kavuştak (nakarat) mısralar eklenerek oluşturulur.

Edebiyat terimleri

Kavuştak


Sarah Papp (* 30. April 1988 als Sarah Hoolt in Nordhorn) ist eine deutsche Schachspielerin. Sie erhielt 2008 von der FIDE den Titel Internationale Meisterin (WIM) und 2012 den Titel Großmeister der Frauen (WGM).

Leben
Sarah Hoolt wuchs in Bad Bentheim auf, lernte mit sechs Jahren von ihren Eltern das Schachspielen und ging mit acht in ihren ersten Schachverein, den SV Bad Bentheim. Sie studierte an der Universität Duisburg-Essen Wirtschaftswissenschaften, insbesondere Energie und Finanzen und schloss das Studium im Jahr 2013 mit dem Titel "Master of Science" ab. Hoolt ist seit September 2019 mit dem ungarischen Großmeister Gábor Papp verheiratet.

Schach

Einzelerfolge
Seit 1998 spielt Sarah Hoolt Turnierschach. Von 2001 bis 2006 nahm sie an sechs deutschen Jugendmeisterschaften teil, größter Erfolg war der Gewinn der Meisterschaft U18 (weiblich) im Jahr 2006. 2004 nahm Hoolt an der Weltmeisterschaft U16 (weiblich), 2005 und 2006 an den Weltmeisterschaften U18 (weiblich), sowie 2007 und 2008 an den Juniorinnenweltmeisterschaften teil.

2011 gewann sie (Bild links) in Bonn die Deutsche Einzelmeisterschaft der Frauen.

Auf dem FIDE-Kongress im November 2008 in Dresden wurde Sarah Hoolt zur WIM ernannt. Die erforderlichen Normen hatte sie im August 2006 bei einem First Saturday-Turnier in Budapest, im August 2007 beim University of 20 Young Masters in Hengelo und im Oktober 2007 bei der Mädchenweltmeisterschaft U20 in Jerewan erfüllt. Vor der Titelverleihung erfüllte sie zwei weitere Normen im Februar 2008 beim Open in Cappelle-la-Grande und im Mai/Juni 2008 beim Mitropacup in Olbia.

Der WGM-Titel wurde Sarah Hoolt auf dem FIDE-Kongress im September 2012 in Istanbul verliehen. Die erforderlichen Normen hatte sie im Februar 2008 beim Open in Cappelle-la-Grande, in der deutschen Mannschaftsmeisterschaft 2010/11 (hierbei wurden sowohl ihre Ergebnisse in der 1. Bundesliga als auch in der Oberliga NRW berücksichtigt), in der deutschen Frauenbundesliga 2011/12 und im März 2012 beim Open in Cappelle-la-Grande erfüllt.

Mannschaftswettbewerbe

Nationalmannschaft

Sarah Hoolt nahm mit der deutschen Frauenauswahl an den Schacholympiaden 2008, 2010, 2014 und 2018 teil. 2011 und 2017 nahm sie an der Mannschaftseuropameisterschaft der Frauen teil. Beim Mitropacup der Frauen gehörte Hoolt 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 und 2015 zur deutschen Auswahl.

Vereinsschach

Von 2007 bis 2017 spielte Sarah Hoolt für die Sportfreunde Katernberg. Sie wurde überwiegend in der zweiten Mannschaft in der Oberliga NRW eingesetzt, spielte aber auch schon in der 1. Bundesliga. In der Saison 2017/18 spielte Hoolt in der 1. Bundesliga für die SG Speyer-Schwegenheim, seit 2018 tritt sie für den Hamburger SK an (überwiegend in der zweiten Mannschaft in der 2. Bundesliga, sie hatte in der Saison 2018/19 aber auch einen Einsatz in der 1. Bundesliga).

Schon früher war Hoolt in der Frauenbundesliga als Gastspielerin aktiv, sie spielte in den Spielzeiten 2007/08 und 2010/11 beim TSV Schott Mainz, von 2008 bis 2010 beim SK Lehrte und seit 2011 bereits auch beim Hamburger SK.

In der niederländischen Meesterklasse spielte Sarah Hoolt von 2007 bis 2011 für den Enscheder Verein ESGOO, in Österreich spielt sie für ASVÖ Pamhagen, mit denen sie 2019 die Mannschaftsmeisterschaft der Frauen gewann.

Quellen
 DWZ-Karteikarte von Sarah Hoolt auf Deutscher Schachbund
 Sarah bittet in Brühl zur Handicapsimultanshow. Artikel auf der Website des Deutschen Schachbundes

Weblinks

 WFM Sarah Hoolt, Porträt beim Deutschen Schachbund

Einzelnachweise

Schachspieler (Deutschland)
Schachspieler (Hamburger SK)
Schachspieler (SK Lehrte)
Schachspieler (Sportfreunde Katernberg)
Schachspieler (TSV Schott Mainz)
Schachspieler (SG Speyer-Schwegenheim)
Schachspieler (ESGOO)
Schachspieler
Deutscher Einzelmeister (Schach)
Deutscher
Geboren 1988
Frau

Sarah Papp


Neumühle ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Wittelshofen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Die Einöde liegt am Hochwiesgraben, der ein rechter Zufluss der Sulzach ist. Sie ist unmittelbar von Acker- und Grünland umgeben. Im Südosten erhebt sich der Schafbuck (). Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Obermichelbach (1,8 km westlich) bzw. nach Untermichelbach zur Kreisstraße AN 41 (0,6 km östlich).

Geschichte
Neumühle gehörte zur Realgemeinde Untermichelbach. Die Fraisch über Neumühle hatte das ansbachische Oberamt Wassertrüdingen. Die Grundherrschaft über die Mühle hatte das Kastenamt Wassertrüdingen Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Wassertrüdingen.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt wurde Neumühle 1809 dem Steuerdistrikt Wittelshofen und der Ruralgemeinde Untermichelbach zugewiesen. Am 1. Juli 1972 wurde Neumühle im Zuge der Gebietsreform in Bayern nach Wittelshofen eingegliedert.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Leonhard (Untermichelbach) gepfarrt. Die Katholiken gehören zu Heilig Kreuz (Wittelshofen), einer Expositur der Pfarrei Maria Immaculata (Dürrwangen).

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Wittelshofen)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Einzelsiedlung

Neumühle (Wittelshofen)


Keno Verseck (n. 1967, Rostock) este un jurnalist independent german.

Viața
Keno Verseck a crescut în Republica Democrată Germană, pe care a părăsit-o în 1984. Începând cu anul 1991 a relatat ca jurnalist liber despre țările din Europa Centrală și de Est, concentrându-se pe Ungaria și România, unde a fost corespondent din 1991 până în 2000, lucrând în Budapesta, București, Cluj-Napoca, Brașov și Miercurea Ciuc, precum și pe teme de știință, cum ar fi astronomie, astrofizică și spațiu pentru ziare germane și de limbă română, radio și televiziune. Din 2000, el a călătorit în mod regulat pentru  cercetare și informare în Europa Centrală și Europa de Sud-Est.

Legături externe
 http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/rumaenien-praesident-klaus-johannis-der-dilettant-a-1081850.html
 http://www.evz.ro/jurnalistul-care-l-a-desfiintat-pe-klaus-iohannis-fata-de-ceea-ce-multi-alegatori-au-crezut-in-momentul-in-care-l-au-ales-cred-ca-multi-romani-sunt-pur-si-simplu-dezamagiti.html
 Webseite Keno Verseck
 Presseurop.eu: Keno Verseck , 13 ianuarie 2012
 Ostpol: Keno Verseck
 Perlentaucher: Keno Verseck
 Siebenbürgische Zeitung: Interview mit Keno Verseck, 15 noiembrie 2001

Nașteri în 1967
Jurnaliști germani

Keno Verseck


The Monkey Sanctuary was founded in 1964 by Len Williams, father of classical guitarist John Williams, as a cooperative to care for rescued woolly monkeys.  Based in Looe, Cornwall, England, the sanctuary is home to woolly monkeys that are descended from the original rescued pets, a growing number of capuchin monkeys rescued from the current UK pet trade, and a small group of rescued Barbary macaques. The monkeys live in large enclosures that the general public can view during the Sanctuary's open season in the summer months.

There is a colony of rare lesser horseshoe bats living in the cellar of Murrayton House, a 19th-century building that is the visitors' centre and accommodation for staff and volunteers. The bats can be observed from the "bat cave", a room that shows CCTV footage from an infrared camera installed in the cellar.

The Monkey Sanctuary is the flagship project of Wild Futures (UK registered Charity number 1102532). Wild Futures is dedicated to promoting the welfare, conservation and survival of primates.  Wild Futures campaigns to end the primate trade in the UK and abroad, and to end the abuse of primates in captivity.  Through talking to visitors, schools and other groups, they aim to educate the public and raise awareness about the issues primates face in captivity and in the wild, and to promote and support conservation efforts worldwide.

Notes

References

External links

 Wild Futures

Animal charities based in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in Cornwall
Co-operatives in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1964
Primate sanctuaries
Tourist attractions in Cornwall
Zoos in England
Zoos established in 1964
1964 establishments in England

Monkey Sanctuary


Biserica Sfânta Treime din Cuhureștii de Sus este un lăcaș de cult creștin-ortodox și monument de arhitectură de importanță națională din satul Cuhureștii de Sus, raionul Florești (Republica Moldova), construit în prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea.

Zidirea bisericii a început în anul 1913 cu suportul financiar al nobilelor Eugenia Apostolopolo și Alexandra Pommer (născută Bogdan) și s-a finisat în anul 1930, în vremea domniei regelui Carol al II-lea. Arhitect a fost Alexei Șciusev, constructor I. Dmitrancencov, iar pictor și sculptor A. Znamițchi.

Edificiul apare ca un edificiu accent în complexul architectural de pe moșia boierilor Bogdan, aceasta îmbinând în sine două stiluri arhitecturale: bizantin și moldovenesc. Decorul exterior al bisericii, la construcția căreia s-a folosit piatră albă și cărămidă roșie, au dat un colorit deosebit bisericii, punând accent pe contrastul cu vegetația înconjurătoare.

Descriere
Turla bisericii are cupola "clopoțelului", o formă răspândită în arhitectura Moldovei de peste Prut. Biserica se evidențiază printr-o întrebuințare perfectă a pietrei locale, cărămidei și oloanelor roșii, care oferă o bogăție de factură a palitrei de culori, iar formele caracteristice ale carnizelor, arcada ogivală a pridvorului, îi dau bisericii un aspect local.

În interior, scheletul principal al naosului este format din patru acre, pe care se sprijină turla octagonală. În partea de sud și cea de nord ale naosului se găsesc două abside, care au o forma semicirculară. De ambele părți ale altarului se află două încăperi mici: proscomidiarul și diaconiconul. Pronaosul este împărțit în trei părți de doi pereți longitudinali. Din absida de sud, o scară duce în cavou, unde se află o instalație pentru încălzirea bisericii. Exteriorul pridvorului are forma unei terase dreptunghiulare închise, cu acoperișul susținut de șase coloane.

În apropierea bisericii se află o poartă cu arce, pe care se sprijină turla octagonală a clopotniței.

Galerie de imagini

Vezi și
Conacul lui Ioan C. Bogdan

Referințe

Legături externe
Bisericile vechi din Regiunea Nistrului de mijloc turism.gov.md

Fondări în 1913
Cuhureștii de Sus, Sfânta Treime
Monumente de arhitectură din raionul Florești


ඊටීටීවී නිව්ස් යනු තායිවානයේ ඊස්ටර්න් ටෙලිවිෂන් (Eastern Television) ජාලය විසින් මෙහෙයවනු ලබන, කේබල් සහ සැටලයිට් තාක්ෂණයන්ගෙන් මුදා හරින රූපවාහිනී ප්‍රවෘත්ති නාලිකාවකි. නාලිකාවේ විකාශන කටයුතු 1990 ජනවාරි 1 වැනිදා අරඹන ලදී.

මේවාද බලන්න
 ජාත්‍යන්තර ප්‍රවෘත්ති නාලිකා

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැදි
 ETTV News official website

ජාත්‍යන්තර රූපවාහිනී නාලිකා

ඊටීටීවී නිව්ස්


Roger Christie (born June 15, 1949) is an American ordained minister in the Religion of Jesus Church, which regards marijuana as a "sacramental herb." In 2000, he founded the THC Ministry, which offered cannabis as a part of its services. On July 8, 2010, Christie and 13 other individuals associated with the THC Ministry were indicted by a Federal grand jury in Honolulu on marijuana possession and trafficking charges. On Sept. 27, 2013, Christie pleaded guilty to marijuana trafficking and two counts of failing to file income tax returns. On April 28, 2014, Christie was sentenced to a term of five years in federal prison, with credit for time already served at the Honolulu Federal Detention Center.

Biography
Roger Christie was born on June 15, 1949, in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. Raised and schooled in the New Jersey countryside in the 1950s and 1960s, he graduated from high school in 1967.

After two years of college studies and flight training school in Miami, Florida he received an associate's degree in Science and a Commercial Pilot certificate.

In 1970 he enlisted in the US Army and was trained as a G2 Intelligence Analyst at Fort Holabird, Maryland, a US Army "spy school", but became disenchanted by the military and political missions in Vietnam and elsewhere. Christie refused his orders to serve in the Vietnam War and received an honorable discharge as a conscientious objector. His success in this process inspired him to pursue legal options to overturn United States drug policy, a fight which has led him to numerous court battles and arrests.

In 1986, he became a resident of Big Island, Hawaii. He was a co-founder of the Hawai'i Hemp Council in 1990 and, with Aaron Anderson (Ernest Allan Anderson), and Dwight Kondo, founded the Hawaiian Hemp Company. By 1991, he had one of the first retail hemp stores in the world. In 1996, Christie ran unsuccessfully for a seat on the Hawaii County Council. In June, 2000, he was ordained as a minister by the Religion of Jesus Church through the Universal Life Church. He received his license to perform marriages in the State of Hawaii as a "Cannabis Sacrament" Minister and founded the THC Ministry. In 2004 he failed in an election bid for Mayor of Hawaii County.

THC Ministry

Roger Christie ran the THC Ministry (aka Hawaii Cannabis Ministry) in Hilo, Hawai'i for ten years. According to the Ministry's website, "We use Cannabis religiously and you can, too." Roger believes that spiritual and/or religious use of Cannabis hemp is worthy of First Amendment recognition and protections. He is on a life mission to achieve the goal of Equal Justice Under Law for Cannabis sacrament for the THC Ministry and for We the people. Home brewing of beer and wine with no limit on alcohol content is legal for every household in all 50 states. Roger's goal includes the acceptance of home growing of safe and natural Cannabis in a similar way, using the concepts of Equal Justice Under Law, the First Amendment for religious freedom and the separation of church and state.

The THC Ministry blessing is: "God, that's great! Please show me the blessings in this situation ... and hurry! I am safe, I am loved and all is well."

The THC Ministry spiritual practices include: confession, forgiveness, gratitude and love. Example: "I apologize for my part in _ . Please forgive me. Thank you. I love you." It's a karma cleaning technique to redeem oneself and to be able to move forward in greater integrity.

For a suggested donation, a person can become a "Practitioner" and receive a plaque designating their home and garden as a Sanctuary, a place of refuge for cultivating and using Cannabis in private as a sincere practice. The Sanctuary Kit for Practitioners also contains an "affidavit of religious use", two self-laminating ID cards, and seven "Sacramental Plant Tags". For $250, the donor would get a "Cannabis Sanctuary Kit" which also included the "THC Ministry Cannabis Religion Guide". According to Christie, in the past "We had Cannabis that people could donate for if they are 'blue card' (medical marijuana permit) holders or sincere members of the ministry."

According to the FBI, an estimated 90% of the customers were Ministry members, while the remaining 10% had state medical marijuana cards.

In order to join the Ministry, prospective members in Hilo were asked to sit through a one-hour orientation session with Roger Christie. Roger Christie said he also scheduled membership sessions with passengers on visiting cruise ships who were in Hilo for one day, and one could also join by ordering a Ministry "sanctuary kit" by mail for a $250 "donation." The kit includes a Letter of Good Standing which can be used by Ministers in many states to get a license to marry people from their state government specifically as a "Cannabis sacrament" Minister, legal precedents, Roger's considerable activist history and track record of accomplishment in helping to end the war on marijuana and to repeal prohibition. Roger is the first person known in U.S. history to have been ordained, and then licensed by a state government as a Cannabis sacrament Minister. New members have to sign an affidavit stating that their use of Cannabis is for personal, private Sacramental use only. Once oriented and welcomed into the THC Ministry a new member has a built-in religious defense to arrest and prosecution for sincere, private, non-commercial use of Cannabis hemp for life. The goal is to have a stronger "affirmative defense" for all sincere members. "Reasonable doubt" is, in theory, all that's needed to succeed in a jury trial. Good manners, respect, sincerity and the legitimacy of membership in the THC Ministry provides that reasonable doubt.

The discovery of Cannabis hemp being the 'fragrant cane', Kaneh Bosom in Hebrew, in the Bible recipe of Exodus 30:23 for holy anointing oil was made by researcher and author Chris Bennett. Roger is credited with making and returning the holy anointing oil of Moses and the christening oil of Jesus to use in the THC Ministry. The words Messiah, Christ and Mahdi all translate to "anointed". Christian is "an anointed one". Jesus Christ translates to "I am anointed." Anti-Christ translates to "against anointing". Roger likes to say, "We believe anointing is a literal thing. Anoint your crown with holy oil and hear the angels sing!"

In 2009, the ministry was open three days a week from 2:00 to 5:00 p.m. During this three-hour period, there were up to 70 members served. The Christies and their staff welcomed people from all walks of life. Each member, patient or visitor was required to wash their hands with hemp soap upon entering and to have good manners and respect while visiting the offices in the Moses Building in Hilo.

Roger Christie provided ministry services and Cannabis sacraments to members and medical patients, alike. Services included counseling, fellowship, weddings, funerals and more. Cannabis sacraments included holy anointing oil (See Exodus 30:23, and Mark 6:13), Cannabis tinctures made with French cognacs, and a non-alcoholic tincture made with vegetable glycerine and Cannabis flowers. "There's a Bud in Every Bottle" is the motto. There were often "Aloha bags" of Cannabis trimmings given for free to those in need. "We liked to say "yes" to Cannabis culture people who were used to hearing "no" too often in life. "Our goal every day was to see everyone leave the ministry with a smile."

Rev. Roger Christie and the THC Ministry sued the U.S. government for declaratory relief and a permanent injunction in 2004 in order to get full legal recognition and protections from the federal government. He dismissed the case a few months later due to a conflict with his lawyer, Michael Glenn of Honolulu. Before the dismissal, however the defendants U.S. government filed a 37-page Motion to Dismiss. Roger has both the original injunction and the government's 37 pages of legal "chess moves" to use to refile the case at an appropriate time. "God, that's great."

Investigation

In 2008, an undercover law enforcement officer was introduced to Roger Christie, and on three separate occasions at the ministry, Christie sold quantities of marijuana to him (the largest being one-half pound).

Thereafter, a court-authorized wiretap on three telephone lines used by Roger Christie from April to July 2009 resulted in the interception and recording of numerous telephone conversations involving Roger and Sherryanne Christie, ministry employees, and other persons. According to Christie, investigators monitored 17,000 phone calls during a two-year period.

On March 20, 2010, Federal agents raided the downtown Hilo sanctuary of Christie's Hawaii Cannabis Ministry, assisted by local police. Christie said authorities spent about seven hours searching his home and ministry, starting around 6 a.m. He said the Drug Enforcement Administration, Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Postal Inspector and U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service were involved in the search.

A three-count sealed indictment in June, 2010 charged Christie with conspiracy to manufacture, distribute and possess with intent to distribute more than 100 marijuana plants, manufacturing marijuana and possession with the intent to distribute 240 marijuana plants.

Arrest and incarceration

Christie was arrested on Thursday July 8, 2010, along with 13 others from the Big Island, and charged with possession and sale of cannabis. According to court documents, authorities confiscated approximately 30 ounces (845 grams) of processed marijuana in the Wainaku apartment and more than $34,000 cash from the apartment and a bank safe deposit box. The money and the apartment face possible federal forfeiture. Christie's arrest culminated a two-year investigation by federal and county law enforcement during which they seized 2,296 marijuana plants, nine weapons, 33 pounds of processed marijuana, and four properties from Christie and his co-defendants. Federal authorities said this was a huge pot-growing and selling organization masquerading as a religious group. Agents seized about 3 thousand plants with a street value of nearly $5 million.

After his arrest, Christie was taken to Oahu and incarcerated at the Honolulu Federal Detention Center. All other detainees were speedily released on bail or signature bond before trial. But Hawaii Federal District Court Judge Alan Kay ruled that Christie must remain in federal custody until his trial.

The prosecution argued that Christie should not be released on bail because he is a danger to the community. The court accepted this argument because marijuana was found again in a new search of Christie's home in June 2010, leading the court to conclude that Christie would continue to violate the law while out on bail. As quoted in the Star-Advertiser on Feb. 24, Judge Alan Kay remarked: "You would think the light would come on when the first search of his residence was made." Judge Kay's ruling was upheld by 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals.

On Jan. 17, 2013, a federal grand jury in Honolulu returned an updated indictment against Christie and seven co-defendants. The indictment includes additional charges for three sales of marijuana to an undercover officer during 2008 and two charges of his failure to file income tax returns for 2008 and 2009," Assistant U.S. Attorney Michael Kawahara, the lead prosecutor, said.

Political support

On March 21, 2013, The Hawaii Senate Committee on Public Safety, Intergovernmental and Military Affairs heard and passed Senate Concurrent Resolutions SCR75 and SR42, "urging the federal government to release Roger Christie pending trial."

On April 3, 2013, Roger Christie was visited by Senator Russell Ruderman and Senator Will Espero at the Federal Detention Center (FDC) in Honolulu. The purpose of this visit was to discuss Christie's incarceration, health, and rights as a United States citizen under the United States Constitution. The terms of this visit specified that no media be present. Christie was denied contact with reporters from National Geographic, Newsweek, Honolulu Civil Beat, and others Senator Ruderman stated, "I have known Roger for over 25 years. He is one of the most peaceful persons I know. To anyone who knows him, the claim that he is a danger to the community is absurd." Senator Espero commented. "This visit was very enlightening. I still feel that Christie should be released pending a trial."

On April 10, 2013, the Hawaii Senate Judiciary and Labor Committee heard concurrent resolutions SCR75 and SR42, "urging the federal government to release Roger Christie pending trial." Hundreds of testimonies supporting the measures were received from the public.

The committee also heard testimony from Tracy Ryan, the Vice Chair of the Hawaii Libertarian Party, who said that Roger Christie was the victim of a "frightening", "railroading system" in which federal prosecutors have provided "a lot of good lawyerly reasons... to... say that the constitution of the United States doesn't apply to the federal system."

During the proceedings, Senator Sam Slom and Senator Russell Ruderman both spoke in support of passing the resolutions onto the senate for a full hearing. Sen. Clayton Hee, the Chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee, acknowledged that there were "many testimonies in support" of the resolutions. Nevertheless, Senator Hee deferred the resolutions.

Another 2013 Hawaii Senate Resolution, SR12, called on President Obama to "initiate a formal investigation into the conduct of federal law enforcement personnel in regard to the violation of the constitutional rights of Hawaii County Resident, the Reverend Roger Christie." SR12 was never scheduled for a hearing.

Guilty plea

Christie faced up to 40 years in a federal penitentiary if convicted at trial. He was represented by a public defender. While Christie was awaiting trial, six co-defendants made plea deals with the prosecution to cooperate with authorities.

On September 27, 2013, Christie made a deal with prosecutors to plead guilty in federal court to conspiring to manufacture, distribute, and possess with intent to distribute 100 or more marijuana plants. His wife, Sherryanne Christie, pleaded guilty to a similar charge but involving 50 plants or more. As part of a plea agreement, the Christies agreed to forfeit more than $21,000 in proceeds from the operation of the THC Cannabis Ministry, which operated in Hilo from 2000 until July 8, 2010, when they and 12 others were arrested. Roger Christie also agreed under duress to forfeit a condominium apartment on Kauila Street in Hilo which was a gift from his late Mother.

On April 28, 2014, U.S. District Judge Leslie Kobayashi sentenced Roger Christie to a term of five years in federal prison, with credit for the almost four years he had been incarcerated, permitting him to be released after serving 50 months in the Federal Detention Center Honolulu with no bail and no trial, no outside, no sunshine and no media contact allowed. In addition, he was sentenced to supervised release — the federal equivalent of probation — for four years after serving his prison term. The conditions of the supervised release include refraining from use of marijuana or other controlled substances or from being in the presence of using marijuana. He was subject to drug testing and always tested negative. He was allowed to appeal his sentence, but was denied by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco. His wife and co-defendant, Sherryanne "Share" Christie was sentenced to a term of 27-months. She was allowed to remain free on bail pending appeal of her sentence which was denied.

The prosecution resulted from the combined efforts from 2008 to 2010 of the Drug Enforcement Administration; the Internal Revenue Service-Criminal Investigations; Homeland Security Investigations; the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives; the U.S. Postal Inspection Service; the U.S. Marshals Service; the National Park Service; the Sheriff's Office, Department of Public Safety; the Hawaii Police Department; and the Honolulu Police Department. The case was prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorney Michael K. Kawahara.

During the proceedings U.S. District Court Judge Leslie Kobayashi denied Roger's motion that "marihuana" was misclassified as a Schedule 1 most dangerous substance with "no recognized medical use in treatment in the U.S.A." despite medical Cannabis being legal in Hawai'i since June 2000 and in many other jurisdictions. A hopeful ruling did come when Judge Kobayashi ruled that Roger and his wife Share were "sincere" and "religious" Cannabis Ministers, but soon afterwards she denied their religious defense because she ruled that the U.S. government had a "compelling interest" in keeping Cannabis illegal, AND that the government used the "least restrictive means" to deny their religious freedom. Roger and Share's intention to have "the last marijuana trial" (See: www.the-last-marijuana-trial.com) was denied, and most of their evidence and witnesses were never seen or heard by the Judge or a jury.

On September 4, 2014, Roger Christie was transferred to the Mahoney Hale halfway house in Honolulu before being allowed to return to Puna on the Big Island on supervised release on November 14.

May 2020 Roger completed his four-year federal probation with no violations. He was denied early release of probation by U.S. District Court Judge Leslie Kobayashi.

On October 11, 2016 Share Christie self-surrendered to a federal prison camp in Phoenix, Arizona to serve a 27-month sentence with an added three year probation. She was transferred back to the Federal Detention Center Honolulu in April 2017 where she was held until released to the Orion Halfway House in Los Angeles on August 7, 2018. Share was allowed to live with her parents on September 21, 2018 where she chose to stay until coming home to Hilo on January 15, 2020.
Her probation officially ends on September 21, 2021. She was denied early termination of her probation by Judge Kobayashi in January 2020. She recently filed another motion for early termination of probation, this time doing it pro se, without a lawyer. The U.S. government strongly opposed her early release, again. She's expecting an answer from the judge in June 2020.

Roger wrote a chapter in the book called Cannabis and Spirituality by Stephen Gray. He, his wife Share and others are featured in the book called God On High by Professor of Religion Laurie Cozad.

Roger is planning to restart the THC Ministry in June 2020 mostly online, but without the distribution of Cannabis sacrament until he "wins a federal injunction, or better". Ministry membership, Letters of Good Standing, Sanctuary Kits, hemp prayer shawls, I.D. cards and other THC Ministry gear will be available once again to sincere spiritual users of Cannabis.

References

1949 births
Living people
American cannabis activists
People from Steamboat Springs, Colorado
Cannabis in Hawaii
Cannabis and religion
Commercial aviators

Roger Christie


Francisco Villar Liébana (Torredonjimeno, Jaén, 23 de mayo de 1942) es un filólogo español y catedrático de lingüística indoeuropea en la Universidad de Salamanca desde 1979.

Biografía
Fue discípulo de Francisco Rodríguez Adrados, aunque más tarde se distanció de su magisterio. Fue profesor de lingüística indoeuropea en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid hasta el año 1979, año en que obtuvo la cátedra de la misma disciplina en la Universidad de Salamanca.

Ámbito de estudio
Ha llevado a cabo numerosos estudios sobre las lenguas paleohispánicas, contribuyendo entre otros a la comprensión de los Bronces de Botorrita (uno de los mayores testimonios de la variedad oriental de escritura celtíbera) y, más en general, de las lenguas celtas continentales, y al desarrollo de los estudios sobre el tartésico y el lusitano.

También ha contribuido al desarrollo de la indoeuropeística, apoyando la teoría kurgánica propuesta por Marija Gimbutas y oponiéndose a la hipótesis anatólica que propuso, desde la arqueología, Colin Renfrew. Otros aportes se refieren a la dialectología indoeuropea y a la reconstrucción del proceso de indoeuropeización de Eurasia, con particular atención a las contribuciones procedentes de los estudios de genética histórica de Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza; en este contexto, lidera un equipo multidisciplinar dedicado a investigar los orígenes del indoeuropeo a través de un estudio étnico-lingüístico de los agricultores neolíticos y de las poblaciones mesolíticas.

Entre sus numerosas obras destaca el manual Los indoeuropeos y los orígenes de Europa. Lenguaje e historia (1991), traducido a varias lenguas y considerado un libro de texto de referencia para la indoeuropeística actual.

Obras
 Lenguas y pueblos indoeuropeos, Madrid, Istmo, 1971.
 Origen de la flexión nominal indoeuropea, Madrid, Instituto "Antonio de Nebrija", 1974. ISBN 978-84-0003-988-2.
 Dativo y locativo en el singular de la flexión nominal indoeuropea, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1981. ISBN 978-84-7481-146-9.
 Ergatividad, acusatividad y género en la familia lingüística indoeuropea, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1983. ISBN 978-84-7481-249-7.
 Los indoeuropeos y los orígenes de Europa. Lenguaje e historia, Madrid, Gredos, 1991 (19962). ISBN 978-88-15-12706-8.
 Estudios de celtibérico y de toponimia prerromana, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1995. ISBN 978-84-7481-809-3.
 Indoeuropeos y no indoeuropeos en la Hispania prerromana. Las poblaciones y las lenguas prerromanas de Andalucía, Cataluña y Aragón según la información que nos proporciona la toponimia, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2000. ISBN 978-84-7800-968-8.
 El IV bronce de Botorrita (Contrebia Belaisca): arqueología y lingüística, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2001. ISBN 9788478008759.
 Vascos, celtas e indoeuropeos. Genes y lengua (con Blanca M. Prosper), Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2005. ISBN 978-84-7800-530-7.
 (2014): Indoeuropeos, iberos, vascos y sus parientes, Estratigrafía y cronología de las poblaciones prehistóricas, Universidad de Salamanca, Estudios filológicos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Libros y artículos del autor catalogados en Dialnet
 Los indoeuropeos y el euskera. Entrevista a Francisco Villar Liébana en el programa radiofónico "La linterna de Diógenes"

Indoeuropeístas de España
Filólogos de España del siglo XX
Lingüistas de España del siglo XX
Orientalistas de España del siglo XX
Filólogos de España del siglo XXI
Lingüistas de España del siglo XXI
Orientalistas de España del siglo XXI
Catedráticos de la Universidad de Salamanca

Francisco Villar Liébana


An Dendrobium toppiorum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Anthony L. Lamb ngan Jeffrey James Wood. An Dendrobium toppiorum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dendrobium

Dendrobium toppiorum


Quicken Interchange Format (QIF) is an open specification for reading and writing financial data to media (i.e. files).

Background
Although still widely used, QIF is a format older than Open Financial Exchange (OFX). The inability to reconcile imported transactions against the current account information is one of the primary shortcomings of QIF. Most personal money management software, such as Microsoft Money, GnuCash and Quicken's low end products (e.g. Quicken Personal and Quicken Personal Plus), can read QIF files to import information.  Intuit's Quicken used to be able to import QIF, too, but with its 2006 version it dropped that support for several important account types, including checking, savings, and credit card accounts. The Australian version of Quicken still allows the importing of QIF files for these account types. However, unlike the American version, it is not possible to export data to QIF or any other file type for any account type. The QIF format does not allow a user to mark the currency in which a transaction was completed. In some cases this may cause problems for users who do use multiple currencies when they export or import into another software package.

Quicken's proposed replacement for the QIF format has been the proprietary Quicken Web Connect (QFX) format.
It is commonly supported by financial institutions to supply downloadable information to account holders, especially by banks that support integration of Money or Quicken with their online banking. Not everybody, however, was, or is, happy with this replacement. Some banks dislike it because Quicken (Intuit) charges licensing fees to use QFX. Other banks pass the fees on by charging customers for downloading QFX files. Because Microsoft Money imports either QIF or OFX format files, and Microsoft does not charge banks any licensing fees to use OFX for Money, banks do not normally charge for downloading QIF and OFX files. (QIF and OFX are open formats, free for anyone to use.)

Data format
A QIF file typically has the following structure:

Each record ends with a ^ (caret).  All the data in the file is stored in ASCII strings, and the file could be edited in any text editor.

simple example
 !Type:Bank
 D03/03/10
 T-379.00
 PCITY OF SPRINGFIELD
 ^
 D03/04/10
 T-20.28
 PYOUR LOCAL SUPERMARKET
 ^
 D03/03/10
 T-421.35
 PSPRINGFIELD WATER UTILITY
 ^
 ...etc.

Header line
The first line in the file must be a header line, to identify the type of data contained.  Valid values for accounts are:

There are also values for QIF files of internal Quicken information:

A header line is not followed by a separator line; it is immediately followed by the first field of a detail item.

Detail items
The Detail section consists of several Detail Items, each on a separate line.  Each line begins with a single character identifying code in the first column, followed by the literal data for that field.  The detail item is terminated by a separator line.  The fields can be in any order (except that within split transactions, the category, amount, and memo must be adjacent).  If a single transaction block contains several detail items with same code, the last row is used for import.

Standard detail item

Investment Actions

Notes
 The S, E, $, and % fields are repeated for each split of this transaction.
 For investment action codes that end in X, the Category field indicates the other account used to transfer cash from or to.
 If the line immediately following an XS record does not begin with ^ or X, that is considered a continuation of the XS record.

All the fields in detail items are optional—if not included, that field will be left blank in the imported transaction.  Also, Quicken seems to do little error checking on these items; if the same field is included twice in the detail item, the second one will just overwrite the first one.

Record end
The separator line signals the end of the current transaction.  The last detail item in the file should end with a separator line.

Export workarounds for QuickBooks: exporting to QIF
QuickBooks doesn't allow exporting to QIF. Only the Intuit Interchange Format (IIF) is supported. An IIF to QIF converter will not solve the problem either, as journal entries can't be exported in IIF format, only lists are exportable. A viable way to overcome this problem is to set up a journal report, to show all journal entries. Print the report using the "print to file" option. Set the file type to Excel before printing. Rename the extension of the resulting file from PRN to CSV. Use this XL2QIF Excel macro to convert to QIF. The Excel file may need to be reorganized to generate the appropriate format for the macro to work, such as separating cheque accounts from term deposits, etc. The above referenced Excel macro supports split transactions.

See references for further examples of reporting to excel

Import workarounds for Quicken 2005+: importing from QIF
While Intuit officially only supports QIF importing on asset, liability, cash, small business payable, and invoice accounts, Quicken will still allow you to import transactions using QIF into any account type.  Two methods are explained below:

Indirect (Temporary cash account) method
Note: If you really need to get data from a QIF file into an account that does not support QIF imports (e.g. Quicken 2005 and later), you can import from the QIF file into a (temporary) Cash account. Make sure the first line in the QIF file says "!Type:Cash" for importing it into a Quicken Cash account. (QIF files can be edited in any text editor.) After importing the transactions, you can copy/paste them into a register of your choice. Tested in 2006 version. Note that you cannot copy cash transactions into brokerage accounts in Quicken 2007.

Direct method
To import transactions into brokerage accounts (or any account), a little text editing is necessary.  Ensure to prefix your transaction data by copying-and-pasting the top four lines from the example below - the example is for an investment transaction:

!Account
NJoint Brokerage Account
TInvst
^
!Type:Invst
D12/21' 7
NBuy
YIBM
T11010.00
I110.10
Q100
MPurchase of 100 shares of IBM stock on 21 December 2007 at $110.10 per share
^

Line 2 (N) in the example must contain the exact name of the account you are intending to import into.  If you use an account name that does not exist, Quicken will ask if you want to create a new account (This functionality has been test in Quicken 2012).  When importing the file, the account you choose in the QIF-import-dialog box is irrelevant (you can even choose "all accounts") - once you begin the import process, the application will prompt to confirm importing to the intended account. In order to be successfully read by Quicken the text file must be saved in ANSI format. Files saved in UTF-8 format will not be correctly processed.

The example above was tested in Quicken 2007, Quicken 2008, Quicken 2010, Quicken 2012, Quicken 2015 and an equivalently formatted text file using "TCCard" instead of "TInvst" under Quicken 2011.

If the transactions are being imported into an existing account, make sure to reconcile the account in the old data file before creating the QIF export file.  Before accepting an import, validate any 'Match' transactions and change to 'New' where there isn't really a match.  Quicken can match on amounts even when the dates are significantly different.

When editing the QIF file, check for any transaction Category (the field starting with 'L') for an account name contained in brackets, such as [Checking Account].  The brackets reference another quicken account, and if left in place will post a transaction in that account in addition to the account being imported to, with potentially troublesome results.  Avoid this by removing the text including the brackets and replacing with another category if desired.  The only exception to this is an opening balance transaction, identified by 'Opening Balance' in the 'P' field (POpening Balance).  In this case, the brackets need to be left in place, and the account name between the brackets must exactly match the account name in the 'N' field.

The above two paragraphs are based on exporting and importing in Quicken 2010.

Sample Account Export
An account with the following five transactions shown in the screenshot below was exported to a qif file. The content of that file is shown immediately beneath with commentary to the right of the transactions to better pair them against the table generated from an Account Transactions report of the sample account.

QIF File Content!Type:Bank                       --------------------------------------------------------------
D2/10'2020
T0.00
CX                                    ACCOUNT DETAILS
POpening Balance
L[TestExport]
^                                --------------------------------------------------------------
D2/14'2020
T67.50
PT-Mobile
LBills:Cell Phone                     T-Mobile Transaction
SBills:Cell Phone                        (+/- split)
Esign up credit                          (memos for splits, no overall memo)
$-15.00
SBills:Cell Phone
Enew account
$82.50
^                                --------------------------------------------------------------
D2/14'2020
Mmoney back for damaged parcel
T32.00                                US Post Office Transaction
PUS Post Office                          (credit)
LMiscellaneous                           (overall memo)
^                                --------------------------------------------------------------
D2/12'2020
Mtwo transactions, equal
T-10.00
PTarget                               Target Transaction
LFood:Groceries
SFood:Groceries
E50%
$-5.00
SFood:Groceries
E50% 2
$-5.00
^                                --------------------------------------------------------------
D2/11'2020
CX
Mnon split transaction                Walmart Transaction
T-25.00                                  (non-split/single)
N123                                     (cleared status reconciled)
PWalmart                                 (includes check number)
LFood:Groceries
^                                --------------------------------------------------------------
D2/10'2020
C*
Mtest order 1
T-100.00
PAmazon.com                           Amazon Transaction
LFood:Groceries                          (split)
SFood:Groceries                          (cleared status clear)
E50%
$-50.00
STransportation:Automobile
E25%
$-25.00
SPersonal Care:Haircare
E10%
$-10.00
SHealthcare:Prescriptions
E15%
$-15.00
^                                --------------------------------------------------------------

References

 What is the Quicken interchange format (QIF)?

External links
Official Specification. Archived from  the original on 2010-02-22.
Python script to convert QIF to RDF. Look for def extract(path). Script provided by SWAP.
Perl module to parse and create QIF files.
GnuCash QIF format notes
.NET QIF API
How to parse online bank QIF with sed. Archived from the original on 2013-09-02.
Introduction to the QIF file
Qif viewer

Computer file formats
Financial software

Quicken Interchange Format


PPR es una sigla que puede referirse a:
 Partido Popular de la Reconstrucción, un partido político argentino de extrema derecha.
 Partido Puertorriqueños por Puerto Rico, un partido político puertorriqueño de orientación ecologista y socialdemócrata.
 Partido Obrero Polaco, en polaco Polska Partia Robotnicza, PPR.
 Partido Progresista Reformador, un partido político brasileño desaparecido.
 Partido Provincial Rionegrino, un partido político argentino.
 Portland Pattern Repository, un archivo de páginas web.
 PPR, empresa multinacional francesa de holding.
también puede referirse a programa de prerrequisitos También llamado "Planes generales de higiene", o "Planes de ayuda".
Los Receptores de reconocimiento de patrones, que detectan patrones de patógenos en células inmunes
Prisión permanente revisable, máxima pena de prisión en la actualidad en España.

PPR


Bilginler, Antalya ilinin Serik ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin eski adı, kızıllar köyü olmakla beraber bu isim, mahallenin yanı başında bulunan dağın renginden dolayı bu ismi almıştır. Fakat daha sonra mahallenin adı bilginler mahallesi olarak değiştirilmiştir.

Coğrafya
Antalya il merkezine 45 km, Serik ilçesine 15 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Serik'in mahalleleri

Bilginler, Serik


Birleşmiş Milletler Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Örgütü (İngilizce: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, kısaca UNESCO); eğitim, sanat, bilim ve kültür alanlarında uluslararası iş birliği yoluyla dünya barışını ve güvenliğini koruma amacını güden bir Birleşmiş Milletler kurumudur.

Bu kurumun yasası 1945 yılı Kasım ayında Londra'da 44 ülkenin temsilcilerinin katıldıkları bir toplantıda kabul edilmiştir. Merkezi Paris'te bulunan ve Genel Konferans, Yürütme Konseyi, Sekreterlik olmak üzere üç organı olan UNESCO eğitim, bilim ve kültür alanlarındaki amaçlarını kendisine üye olan her devlette kurulan Millî Komisyonlar aracılığıyla gerçekleştirmeye çalışmaktadır.

UNESCO'nun Filistin'i üye olarak kabul etmesinden sonra Amerika Birleşik Devletleri kuruma yaptığı maddi desteği çekti. Bunun üzerine 2011 Kasım ayında UNESCO, Bali'de Dünya Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Listesi ile ilgili düzenlenecek toplantı dışındaki tüm programlarını yıl sonuna kadar iptal etti.

Yönetim

Genel Konferans
Üye devletlerin temsilcilerinden oluşan Genel Konferans 1946-1953 yılları arasında her yıl toplanmışken 1954'ten bu yana iki yılda bir toplanmaktadır. Bugüne kadar ise 37 Genel Konferans toplanmıştır.

UNESCO'nun çalışma programlarını kabul eder ve bütçeyi belirler.

Yürütme Konseyi
Genel Konferans'a katılan ve hükûmetlerince aday gösterilen temsilciler arasından dört yıl için seçilen UNESCO Yürütme Konseyi 58 üyeden oluşur.

Sekreterlik

Genel Konferans tarafından altı yıl için seçilen bir Genel Direktör'ün yönetimi altında çalışan UNESCO Sekreterliği, eğitim, bilim, kültür ve iletişim bölümlerine ayrılmıştır.

Sekreterliğin başlıca görevi, iki yıllık UNESCO programlarının uygulanması için gerekli bütün teknik çalışmaları yapmak, tedbirleri almaktır.

  Julian Huxley (1946-1948)
  Jaime Torres Bodet (1948-1952)
  John Wilkinson Taylor (1952-1953)
  Luther Evans (1953-1958, ABD)
  Vittorino Veronese (1958-1961)
  René Maheu (1962-1974; vekâleten 1961)
  Amadou Mahtar M'Bow (1974-1987)
  Federico Mayor (1987-1999)
  Koichiro Matsuura (1999-2009)
  Irina Bokova (2009-2017)
  Audrey Azoulay (2017-)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 UNESCO Türkiye Temsilciliği Resmi Sitesi

Dünya Mirasları
Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Örgütü
Birleşmiş Milletler uzman kuruluşları
Uluslararası kültürel kuruluşlar
Eğitim kurumları
1945'te Fransa'da kurulan oluşumlar
1946'da kurulan kuruluşlar

UNESCO


Yeraltı, Samsun ilinin Bafra ilçesine bağlı olan bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı,etrafının çok dik olmasından dolayı yar altı olup zamanla yeraltı ismini almıştır.
Bulgaristan göçmeni olup pomakça kunuşmaktadırlar.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 80 km, Bafra ilçesine 30 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Bafra'nın mahalleleri

Yeraltı, Bafra


Die Iowa Township ist eine von 17 Townships im Dubuque County im Osten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Iowa.

Geografie
Die Iowa Township liegt im Osten von Iowa rund 30 km westlich von Dubuque, dem am Iowa von Illinois trennenden Mississippi gelegenen Zentrum der Region.

Die Iowa Township liegt auf 42°30′53″ nördlicher Breite und 90°57′31″ westlicher Länge und erstreckt sich über 94,01 km².

Die Iowa Township grenzt innerhalb des Dubuque County im Norden an die Concord Township, im Nordosten an die Jefferson Township, im Osten an die Center Township, im Südosten an die Vernon Township, im Süden an die Taylor Township im Südwesten an die Dodge Township, im Westen an die New Wine Township und im Nordwesten an die Liberty Township.

Verkehr
Durch die Township verlaufen keine überregionalen Straßen und sie wird nur von teilweise unbefestigten County Roads durchzogen.

Der nächstgelegene Flugplatz ist der rund 40 km südöstlich gelegene Dubuque Regional Airport.

Bevölkerung
Bei der Volkszählung im Jahr 2010 hatte die Township 505 Einwohner.

Innerhalb der Iowa Township gibt es mit Bankston eine selbstständige Gemeinde. Die meisten Bewohner der Township wohnen in verstreut liegenden Gebäuden über die Township verteilt.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 www.city-data.com - Iowa Township

Iowa Township (Dubuque County, Iowa)