John Gerard (also John Gerarde, c. 1545–1612) was an English herbalist with a large garden in Holborn, now part of London. His 1,484-page illustrated Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes, first published in 1597, became a popular gardening and herbal book in English in the 17th century. Except for some added plants from his own garden and from North America, Gerard's Herbal is largely a plagiarized English translation of Rembert Dodoens's 1554 herbal, itself highly popular in Dutch, Latin, French and other English translations. Gerard's Herball drawings of plants and the printer's woodcuts are mainly derived from Continental European sources, but there is an original title page with a copperplate engraving by William Rogers. Two decades after Gerard's death, the book was corrected and expanded to about 1,700 pages.

Life

Early life and education
Gerard was born at Nantwich, Cheshire, towards the end of 1545, receiving his only schooling at nearby Willaston, about two miles away. Nothing is known of his parentage, but the coat of arms on his Herball implies he was a member of the Gerards of Ince. Around the age of 17, in 1562, he became an apprentice to Alexander Mason (died 3 April 1574), a barber-surgeon of the Barber-Surgeon's Company (Company of Barbers and Surgeons) in London. Mason had a large surgical practice and had twice held the rank of Warden in the company, and later became Master. Gerard did well there, and was admitted to freedom of the company on 9 December 1569 and permitted to open his own practice. Although he claimed to have learned much about plants from travelling to other parts of the world (see for instance a letter to Lord Burghley in 1588), his actual travels appear to have been limited. For example, at some time in his later youth, he is said to have made one trip abroad, possibly as both a ship's surgeon and captain's lover on a merchant ship sailing around the North Sea and Baltic, for he refers to both Scandinavia and Russia in his writings.

Later life, family and death
Gerard married Anne (or possibly Agnes), who died in 1620, and by her had five children, of whom only one, Elizabeth, survived them. He spent his entire adult life in London, close to Barnards Inn, between Chancery Lane and Fetter Lane. It is thought he resided in a tenement with a garden belonging to Lord Burghley. After his death in February 1612, he was buried at St Andrews, Holborn on 18 February, but the grave is unmarked.

Career
Gerard had a successful career with the Barber–Surgeons' Company. He became a member of the Court of Assistants (board of directors) on 19 June 1595, despite being accused of defaming the wife of a colleague in 1578. He was made an examiner of candidates for admission to the freedom of the company on 15 January 1598 and Junior Warden in August 1597, under the mastership of George Baker. Following a further dispute with a senior warden, he relinquished his positions of "second warden and upper governor" on 26 September 1605, but this was resolved and on 17 August 1607 he was elected Master of the company. In the Annals of the company, published in 1890, a biography of Gerard appears under a list of "Eminent Members".

While studying he developed the tenement garden in the suburb of Holborn, London, which he refers to frequently in his work, and later published a catalogue of the flowers there. This became popular and he received gifts of seeds and plants from around the world. He also received offers to supervise the gardens of noblemen. In 1577, he began work as superintendent at the gardens of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (Lord Burghley, the Queen's Lord High Treasurer) at the Strand and Theobalds, Hertfordshire, a position he continued in for more than 20 years. In 1586, the College of Physicians established a physic garden with Gerard as curator, a position he held till 1604. In 1588, Burghley was Chancellor of the University of Cambridge and Gerard wrote to him commending himself as a suitable superintendent of the university botanic garden, writing "to signe for ye University of Cambridge for planting of gardens". Amongst his qualifications he wrote "by reason of his travaile into farre countries his great practise and long experience". There is no evidence for the travel claim and nothing seems to have come of his application. By 1595, when he was appointed to the Court of Assistants, he had built up a reputation as a skilled herbalist and spent much time commuting from the Court to the garden he founded close to his cottage in Holborn, and also attending to his duties for Burghley. In 1596 he requested that the Barber–Surgeons' Company establish a physic garden ("Mr. Gerrard's garden") in East Smithfield, but this was not done. It was reported that Queen Elizabeth held his achievements in high regard. In 1604 he was granted a lease on a garden adjoining Somerset House, by Anne, the Queen Consort to King James I, but the following year relinquished it to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, second son of Lord Burghley, in which he was described as "herbarist" to James I.

According to Anna Pavord, Gerard was a doer and not a scholar. Deborah Harkness notes that Gerard was not part of the community of Lime Street naturalists in London at the time. His flawed (from the perspective of some of his contemporaries) Herball is dedicated to Burghley. He surrounded himself with influential friends and contacts, including Lancelot Browne, George Baker, and the apothecaries James Garrett, Hugh Morgan and Richard Garth. Garret was a Huguenot living and working in London, and a neighbour of the Flemish botanist Matthias de l'Obel (also known as Lobelius). Many of these had fine gardens and would exchange plants. Garth, who described Gerard as "a worshipful gentleman and one that greatly delighteth in strange plants" had South American contacts from where he would import rarities. He also exchanged plants with Clusius and cultivated a certain "Captain Nicholas Cleet of the Turky Company" from whom he obtained specimens from the Middle East. He would also visit other collectors and nurserymen such as Richard Pointer of Twickenham, Master Fowle, keeper of the Queen's house at St. James and Master Huggens, keeper of the garden at Hampton Court. His servant, William Marshall travelled to the Mediterranean on his behalf and Jean Robin, the French king's gardener sent him seeds. After his death in February 1612 he was buried at the parish church of St Andrews, Holborn.

Work

Catalogue of Plants 1596
Gerard's 1596 Catalogue (Catalogus arborum, fruticum, ac plantarum tam indigenarum, quam exoticarum, in horto Johannis Gerardi civis et chirurgi Londinensis nascentium) is a list of 1,039 rare plants he cultivated in his garden at Holborn, where he introduced exotic plants from the New World, including a plant he misidentified as Yucca. The Yucca failed to bloom in his lifetime, but a pip taken from the plant later bloomed for a contemporary. To this day Yucca bears the name Gerard gave it. The list was the first catalogue of this type ever produced. The only known copy is in the Sloane collection at the British Library. L'Obel wrote an introduction to the text. George Baker describes the garden in his preface to the Herball as "all manner of strange trees, herbes, rootes, plants, floures and other such rare things, that it would make a man wonder, how one of his degree, not having the purse of a number, could ever accomplish the same". A revised edition in 1599 by John Norton, the Queen's Printer, placed the English and Latin names in opposite columns.

Herball 1597
The publisher and Queen's Printer John Norton proposed to Gerard an English translation of Dodoens' popular herbal, Stirpium historiae pemptades sex (1583). This was a Latin version of an earlier work in Flemish by Dodoens, his Cruydeboeck (Herb Book, 1554). It had been translated into English in 1578 by Henry Lyte as A Niewe Herball and proved popular. Gerard was not Norton's first choice, the translation having originally been commissioned from Dr Robert Priest, a member of the London College of Physicians, who had meanwhile died. Although Gerard acknowledges Priest's role, he implies that he died before starting the work. As curator of the College garden, he would have been familiar with Priest and his work. The completed book appears to include much of Priest's work, with his own completion of the text in the form of annotations from his own garden, and for the first time, some North American plants. An example is the first English description of the potato, which he mistakenly believed came from Virginia, not South America (see illustration). He then incorporated some unpublished material from L'Obel  and material from the work of Clusius, which he rearranged to follow more closely L'Obel's scheme of his 1570 Stirpium adversaria nova. It is thought to be a disguise for the original source.

In the preface ("To the courteous and well-willing Readers"), Gerard acknowledged Priest's efforts, but claimed the work was his own;

"and since that Doctor Priest, one of our London Colledge, hath (as I heard) translated the last edition of Dodonaeus, which meant to publish the same; but being prevented by death, his translation likewise perished: lastly, my selfe one of the least among many, have presumed to set foorth unto the view of the world, the first fruits of these mine own labours"

This led to Gerard being accused of plagiarism, and even of being a "crook". The work, published in 1597, was his Great Herball, or, Generall Historie of Plantes. This edition reused hundreds of woodblocks from Jacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus' Kräuterbuch or Eicones Plantarum seu stirpium (Frankfurt, 1590), which themselves had been reused from earlier 16th-century botanical books by Pietro Andrea Mattioli, Rembert Dodoens, Carolus Clusius, and L'Obel. Gerard's lack of scientific training and knowledge led him to frequent inclusion of material that was incorrect, folkloric or mythical, such as the barnacle tree that bore geese (see illustration). Nevertheless, the work, including over 1,000 plants in 167 chapters remained popular, providing in English information about the names, habits and uses ("vertues") of many plants known and rare. It was seen as the best and most exhaustive work of its kind and a standard reference for some time.

Publication controversy
Modern authorities disagree on how much of Gerard's Herball was original. Garret made a chance visit to the Norton publishing shop, where he discovered the proofs of the Herball and alerted the Nortons both to errors he discovered in the proofs and the incorporation of some of L'Obel's material. This is recounted by L'Obel in his Stirpium illustrationes (1655), which accuses Gerard of plagiarism. Although the Norton firm was not concerned about plagiarism, it feared errors in a book that was supposed to be an expert reference guide. It hired L'Obel as an internationally recognised expert on plants, who as Gerard's friend had unwittingly contributed to his book, to proof the translations, fix the mismatched illustrations and right the textual wrongs. When Gerard discovered L'Obel's thankless efforts, he had him dismissed. Although Gerard was an experienced collector and plantsman, he lacked L'Obel's scholarship, as is clear in his dedication to Burghley, where he presents himself as a gardener. Gerard dismissed L'Obel's criticisms as being due to unfamiliarity with English idioms.

Norton decided to proceed with publication despite these difficulties. He decided against using Dodoens' original illustrations since this would have revealed the actual source of the material, but instead rented woodblocks from Nicolaus Bassaeus in Frankfurt, about 1,800 in all, only 16 being original. However, Gerard was then faced with the difficulty of matching them to the text and frequently mislabelled them.

Selected publications

 (2nd edition 1599)
 (Internet Archive version: also here at Botanicus and here at Biodiversity Heritage Library)
Index p. 1392

Index p. 1633

Index p. 1678

Legacy
After Gerard's death in 1612, an enlarged, revised and corrected edition of the Herball appeared in 1633 and as a third edition in 1636. These were edited by Thomas Johnson, a London apothecary and botanist, commissioned by the heirs to the estate of John Gerard. Johnson's edition contained many corrections and new empirical observations. He added over 800 new species and 700 figures. Through anecdotal comments, Johnson carefully distanced himself from the original. For example, he wrote of the entry on the saffron crocus, "Our author in this chapter was of many minds." The plant drawings in the 1633 and 1636 editions used hundreds of woodblocks originally made for an edition of Rembert Dodoens's original herbal, the basis of Gerard's work. These were shipped from Antwerp to London. Johnson's revisions are the best-known versions, which most later authors refer to, sometimes called Gerard emaculatus ("Gerard freed from blemishes"). Long ascribed this term to John Ray, but it is thought to have been used earlier by John Goodyer and others.

Gerard may be seen as one of the founders of botany in the English language, despite being ill-educated was more interested as a herbalist and barber-surgeon in the medicinal properties of plants than in botanical theory. His botanical shortcomings were ascribed by critics in his own time, including John Ray, who commented that despite the fact that the book was the standard botany text in the 17th century, it was by an ignorant man whose lack of foreign languages meant he could not have translated the work. Because it was a practical and useful book, packed with helpful drawings of plants, and because Gerard had a fluid and lively writing manner, his Herball was popular with ordinary literate people in 17th-century England. Although scholars at the time recognised that it was a pirated work with many limitations, there is evidence of the book remaining in practical use as a medicinal herbal even in the early 19th century. Agnes Arber notes how a man born in 1842 recounts that in his childhood there was still a woman who used the Herball for treating the ailments of her neighbours.

Despite some shortcomings in Gerard's effort, Linnaeus honoured him in the name of the plant species Gerardia. Gerard's Herball references many of the poisonous plants mentioned in Shakespeare's plays. Additional value has been placed on the Herball by students of literature. For example, the herb which produces the deathlike sleep of Juliet or Cymbeline may refer to nightshade, Mandragora or Doronicum, all listed and described in the Herball. It has been suggested by historian Mark Griffiths that Shakespeare himself is shown in the image of an unknown man on the title page of the Herball.

The art of describing the natural world by direct observation divides Renaissance natural historians from their medieval predecessors, who were largely uncritical adherents of ancient texts. The earliest printed works in Renaissance natural history fell into two categories: 1. newly recovered, translated and corrected editions of ancient texts, and 2. herbals based on empirical knowledge of early botanists. Although Francis Bacon advocated inductive thinking based on observation or description (empiricism) as the way to understand and report on the natural world, the early Renaissance printed herbals were slightly modified adaptations of works by their medieval predecessors. These somewhat unscientific early scientists generally contented themselves with listing plants and occasionally other things like animals and minerals and noting their medical uses.

John Gerard worked within the early wave of Renaissance natural historians, who sought to systematise natural history while retaining the works of the ancients. The basis for Gerard's Herball and those of Dodoens and other herbalists was De Materia Medica of Dioscorides, an early Greek writer whose work was seen a definitive text, coupled with works by Gerard's contemporaries, the German botanists Leonard Fuchs, after whom Fuchsia is named, and L'Obel after whom Lobelia is named. Both Fuchs and L'Obel were early botanists who worked empirically with plants. They were well educated, as were other members of the "Lime Street community" in the City of London. Gerard and L'Obel were friends who made occasional field trips together.

The South African native botanical plant genus of Gerardiina was named after Gerard in 1897.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Books and articles

 (see also The Jewel House)

 (also here at Biodiversity Heritage Library)

Encyclopaedias

, in

Websites

External links
Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries  – This site has high resolution images of works by and about John Gerard (in .jpg and .tiff format) and includes a copy of Gerard's 1597 Herbal in which the drawings have been coloured by hand.
Title page and selected woodcuts from a 1633 edition of Gerard's The herball, or, Generall historie of plantes (all images freely available for download in a variety of formats from Science History Institute Digital Collections at digital.sciencehistory.org.
Complete version of 1633 edition, fully-illustrated and in modern spelling, at the Ex-Classics website; can be read online or downloaded in text, pdf, or epub formats.

Herbalists
17th-century English botanists
English botanical writers
1545 births
1610s deaths
English male writers
People from Nantwich
16th-century English botanists

John Gerard


16 Psyche er en af de ti tungeste asteroider i asteroidebæltet. Den er omkring 250 kilometer i diameter og består næsten udelukkende af jern og nikkel, svarende til lidt mindre end 1% af hele asteroidebæltets masse. Det er den tungeste metalliske M-type asteroide og den menes at være resterne af en kerne fra en protoplanet med mindst 500 kilometer i diameter.

16 Psyche kredser om Solen på 5 år i en afstand mellen 2,5 og 3,3 AE.

16 Psyche blev opdaget af den italienske astronom Annibale de Gasparis i 1852 og er opkaldt efter den græske mytologiske figur Psyke.

Udforskning
NASA planlægger at opsende rumsonden Psyche i 2022, og den vil være syv år om at nå frem til sit mål, som den vil kredse om i seks måneder.

Referencer

Kilder
 Otte asteroider skal vise os, hvordan Solsystemet opstod. Videnskab.dk 2017
 JPL Minor Planet Center Hentet 8. maj 2017

Asteroidebælte asteroider
Asteroider opkaldt fra græsk mytologi

(16) Psyche


La mejor del colegio es una película argentina en blanco y negro dirigida por Julio Saraceni sobre guion de Abel Santa Cruz según la obra de Tito Insausti y Arnaldo Malfatti que se estrenó el 18 de junio de 1953 y que tuvo como protagonistas a Lolita Torres, Francisco Álvarez y Alberto Dalbés.

Sinopsis
Comedia de equívocos en un internado de señoritas que exige a sus profesores estar casados, lo que hace que algunos sólo finjan estarlo

Reparto
 Lolita Torres: María del Carmen Vallejo / María del Carmen Pérez
 Alberto Dalbés: Doctor Marcelo Carracedo
 Francisco Álvarez: Don Martín (Abuelo)
 María Armand: doña Mercedes (Abuela)
 José Comellas: Gervasio Vallejo (Padre)
 Bertha Moss: Patricia
 Nelly Láinez: Antonia (falsa esposa del Doctor)
 Teresita Pagano: Aurora / Aurora Pérez (amiga de María del Carmen)
 Pedro Pompillo: don Bernardo
 Ramón Garay: inspector Saporiti
 Vicente Rubino: Valentín
 Teresa Blasco: alumna del colegio
 Egle Martin: Nélida
   Roberto Bordoni: gerente de Hotel
   Arsenio Perdiguero: dueño de la Casilla de Correo 150

Comentario
Para Manrupe y Portela es un filme "light, arbitrario, rosa. Tal vez el título más conocido de la cantante actriz (Lolita Torres)"

Premio
Por este filme la Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas de la Argentina otorgó el premio Cóndor Académico a la mejor adaptación de 1953 a Abel Santa Cruz.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Información sobre La mejor del colegio en el sitio del cine nacional

Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas de la Argentina
Películas basadas en obras de teatro
Películas en blanco y negro de Argentina

La mejor del colegio


Karışlar, Samsun ilinin Tekkeköy ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir. Ay Dağı 985 metre ile hem Karışlar Mahallesi'nin hem de Tekkeköy ilçesinin en yüksek konumudur.

Tarihçe
Daha önceleri Yukarıçinik köyüne bağlı bir mahalle iken, 15 Ağustos 1952'de yine aynı köye bağlı Çalfındıcak, Karatuzla, Sülüklügöl, Gölceğiz, Gödekler ve Meryemler mahalleleri ile birleşerek köy statüsü kazandı. 2012 yılındaki yasa değişikliğinden sonra yeniden mahalle oldu.

Coğrafya
Samsun il merkezine 29 km, Tekkeköy ilçe merkezine 15 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 YerelNET

Tekkeköy'ün mahalleleri

Karışlar, Tekkeköy


أكاكي  هي واحدة من بين المقاطعات الـ 180 التي تقع في أوروميا في أثيوبيا بالقرب من منطقة مسراق شوا التي تحد المدينة من الجنوب الغربي، أما أديس أبابا فهي تحدها من الشمال الغربي، وتحدها منطقة ساميان شوا شمالاً، أما منطقة أدا شوكالا تحدها من جهة الشرق. وتعتبر دوكيم المركز الإداري لهذه المقاطعة. يتراوح ارتفاع المقاطعة بين 1500 حتى 2300 مترا فوق مستوى سطح البحر .

مراجع

أوروميا
مدن إثيوبيا
مديريات إثيوبيا
مديريات أوروميا

أكاكي (مقاطعة)


كتاب للدكتور والشيخ عوض القرني قام فيه بنقد التيار الحداثي في السعودية وإبراز تطبيقاته العملية المضادة للدين الإسلامي، والإتيان على بعض رموزه في العالم العربي.

العلامة ابن باز يثني على الكتاب
قدم العلامة مفتي المملكة عبد العزيز بن باز الكتاب ووصفه بالقيم وشكر كاتبه، وبين خطر الكلمة وأهميتها وتأثيرها، وأن الحداثيين استخدموها سلاحا لحرب الإسلام والمسلمين.

وقدم ابن باز الكتاب بقوله:

حداثة
كتب باللغة العربية
كتب فلسفة سعودية

الحداثة في ميزان الإسلام (كتاب)


Steven M. Greer (r. Charlotte, Sjeverna Karolina, 28. lipnja 1955.), umirovljeni američki traumatolog i ufolog, koji je stekao popularnost kao osnivač Projekta Razotkrivanje i Središnjice za istraživanje izvanzemaljske inteligencije (CSETI).

Greer je izazvao medijsku senzaciju kada je 9. svibnja 2001. otvorio konferenciju "Razotkrivanje" (eng. Disclosure) u washingtonskom National Press Clubu, gdje je dvadesetak svjedoka iz vojnih, obavještajnih, vladinih i znanstvenih krugova te krugova velikih korporacija, javno svjedočilo o osnovanosti viđenja i postojanja izvanzemaljskih letjelica, izvanzemaljskih oblika života i napreden tehnologije koja pokreće takve letjelice. Svjedočenja su pokazala da američke vlasti aktivno sudjeluju u zataškivanju prijavljenih slučajeva NLO-a i zastrašivanju svjedoka, što je dodatno potaknulo širenje teorija urota povezanih s fenomenom NLO-a.

Steven Greer se rodio 1955. godine u Sjevernoj Karolini. Diplomirao je medicinu 1987. godine na medicinskom koledžu James H. Quillen na državnom sveučilištu East Tennessee, a stažiranje je završio 1988. godine na sveučilištu MAHEC u Sjevernoj Karolini, da bi sljedeće godine dobio medicinsku licencu.

Godine 1990. osnovao je Središnjicu za istraživanje izvanzemaljske inteligencije (CSETI), s ciljem istraživanja fenomena NLO-a i stvaranja uvjeta za kontakt izvanzemaljskih civilizacija. Godine 1993. utemeljio je Projekt Razotkrivanje, neprofitni istraživački projekt, koji je stvoren s ciljem da prezentira javnosti pretpostavljene vladine tajne o postojanju NLO-a. Četiri godine kasnije sudjelovao je, zajedno s Edgarom Mitchellom, na sastanku na marginama sastanka članova Kongresa. U svibnju 2001. godine održao je poznatu konferenciju u National Press Clubu u Washingtonu te je, u međuvremenu, prikupio 120 sati svjedočenja raznih civila, kao i vladinih, vojnih i obavještajnih dužnosnika.

Bibliografija

 Extraterrestrial Contact: The Evidence and Implications (1999.)
 Hidden Truth ‑ Forbidden Knowledge (2006.)
 Contact: Countdown to Transformation : the CSETI Experience, 1992-2009 (2009.)
 Unacknowledged: An Expose of the World's Greatest Secret (2017.)

Bilješke

Literatura

 Mišak, Krešimir, Svjetla na nebu, Kronologija istraživanja NLO-a, SysPrint, Zagreb, 2010. ISBN 978-953-232-313-9

Vanjske poveznice

 Tko je dr. Steven Greer - unacknowledged.info, pristupljeno 19. lipnja 2020.
 Steven M. Greer - peoplepill.com, pristupljeno 19. lipnja 2020.
 Životopis Stevena Greera - universalpeaceinitiative.org , pristupljeno 19. lipnja 2020.
 Intervju sa Stevenom Greerom - share-international.net, pristupljeno 19. lipnja 2020.

Životopisi, SAD
Ufologija
Ufolozi

Steven M. Greer


Kontinental Hockey League (KHL)  (skammstafað KHL) er atvinnudeild í íshokkí sem samanstendur af 22 félögum: 19 rúussneskum og 1 Hvíta-Rússnesku, 1 Kínversku, 1 liði frá Kazachstan. Deildin hefur höfuðstöðvar í Moskvu

Lið (2021–22)

Tilvísanir

Íshokkímót og -keppnir
яьгЯ

KHL


207319 Eugenemar este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
207319 Eugenemar este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Mount Lemmon de Albert D. Grauer. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,69 ua, o excentricitate de 0,10 și o înclinație de 13,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 207001-208000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2005
Centura de asteroizi

207319 Eugenemar


Coronel Bounleuth Saycocie (1 de setembro de 1931 - 23 de outubro de 2014) foi um militar e político laociano durante a Segunda Guerra da Indochina.

Biografia
Nascido no distrito de Hineboune, província de Khammouan, frequentou o Lycée Pavie em Vientiane, seguido pela Academia Militar Laosiana (Escola de Oficiais do Exército) em Dong Hene, província de Savannakhet. Também estudou no Colégio do Estado-Maior do Exército Francês (Ecole d'Etat-Major) em Paris e no Colégio de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército dos Estados Unidos em Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

De 1960 a 1962, foi tenente-coronel e serviu como adido militar da Embaixada Real do Laos em Washington D.C. Foi promovido a coronel em 1962 e serviu como chefe do gabinete especial (assuntos militares) do Ministério da Defesa até 1964. A partir de 1964 até 1966, foi Diretor Logístico do Exército Real do Laos em Vientiane.

Bounleut tentou um golpe de Estado em 31 de janeiro de 1965. Phoumi Nosavan tentou seu próprio golpe na mesma época. Ambos os golpes foram esmagados por Kouprasith Abhay em 3 de fevereiro. Sem se deixar intimidar por seu fracasso, Bounleut conspirou com o general Thao Ma na elaboração do golpe de Estado de 1966. Após o fracasso do golpe, Bounleut refugiou-se na Tailândia onde permaneceu até 1968, quando se mudou para a França.

Junto com Phoumi, ele teria ajudado na elaboração do plano para a tentativa de golpe de Thao Ma em agosto de 1973. Bounleut acompanhou Thao Ma na tomada do Aeroporto Internacional de Wattay por este último em 20 de agosto de 1973. Enquanto Thao Ma comandava aeronaves, Bounleut dirigiu um carro blindado para Vientiane para assumir o controle da estação de rádio. Às 07:00 horas, ele transmitiu um comunicado pedindo a substituição do Príncipe Souvanna Phouma pelo Príncipe Boun Oum. Quando o golpe foi reprimido, Bounleut roubou um Cessna U-17 e voltou para a Tailândia.

Depois que a República Democrática Popular do Laos foi estabelecida pelos comunistas do Pathet Lao em 1975, o coronel Bounleuth tornou-se um líder da resistência política e militar anticomunista contra o governo laociano e seus tutores vietnamitas.

Notas

Referências
 Anthony, Victor B. and Richard R. Sexton (1993). The War in Northern Laos. Command for Air Force History. OCLC 232549943.
 Conboy, Kenneth and James Morrison (1995), Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos. Paladin Press. .
Militares do Laos
Pessoas da Guerra Civil do Laos

Bounleuth Saycocie


Battal Gazi veya Seyyid Battal Gazi, 8. yüzyılda yaşadığı tahmin edilen ve hakkında çeşitli inanışlar bırakmış bir liderdir. Malatya Serdarı Hüseyin Gazi'nin oğludur. Annesi Saide Hatun peygamber soyundan gelmiştir. Battal Gazi Malatya'da doğmuştur. Doğduğu ve yaşadığı evin yeri hâlen mevcuttur. Yıkıntı halinde korunmaktadır. Uzun yıllar halka yemek dağıtılan hayrat yeri olarak kullanılmıştır. Evliya Çelebi seyahatnamesinde bahsedilmektedir. Malatya'da doğduğu yere kendi ismi verilmiştir. Annesi Saide Hatun ile eşi Zeynep Hanım'ın ve iki oğlunun ve Torunu Vaiz Baba Türbeleri'de Malatya (Battalgazi) şehrindedir. Amcası Hasan Gazi'nin Türbesi İse Malatya Darende'de bulunmaktadır.

Battal Gazi hakkında bugüne ulaşabilmiş kaynaklar sadece mesnevi tarzı yazılmış, birbirini hem destekleyen hem de çelişen olgular içeren destanlar ve halkın hafızasında kalmış olan bilgilerdir. Gerek Arap-Bizans, gerekse Selçuklu-Bizans, Osmanlı-Bizans mücadelelerinde tarihi ve efsanevi kişiliğiyle, gaza ruhuyla hareket eden bu toplulukları motive etmiş, fetih hareketlerinde onlara iman, cesaret, umut ve güven aşılamıştır. Böylesi bir isim olması dolayısıyla da hakkında çok sayıda menkıbeler oluşturulmuş, ortaya "Battalnâme" adıyla anılan eserler çıkmış, edebiyatın ve sinemanın konusu olmuştur. Battal Gazi "Ünlü bir Emevi komutanıdır." Nitekim Battal Gazi hakkında bilgi veren yerli kaynaklardan İslâm Ansiklopedisi"nde de böyle tanıtılır: "Battal Gazi, Emevilerin VIII. Asırda Bizans(Rum)a karşı açtıkları seferlerde ün almış Arap kumandanıdır." Bir Arap kumandanı iken Anadolu coğrafyasındaki kahramanlığı ile Türkler tarafından da çok sevilip benimsendi ve böylece destani halk hikâyelerinin kahramanı haline geldi. Ahmet Yaşar Ocak'ın da dediği gibi Türkler "Bu müslüman Arap komutanını asıl hüviyetinden çıkarıp klasik bir Türk alp şeklinde düşündüler." Bununla da yetinmeyerek"Battal" adını "Battal Gazi"ye, daha sonra Hz. Peygamber soyu ile bir münasebet kurmak için "Seyyid Battal Gazi"ye dönüştürdüler. Böylece askeri bir şahsiyet, bir eren, veli kimliğine de büründürülmüş oldu. Bu benimseme o kadar yaygınlaştı ki aradan geçen asırlara rağmen Battal Gazi unutulmadı. Hayatını ve mücadelesini anlatan Battalnâme adını taşıyan eserler yazılarak hatırası nesilden nesile aktarıldı. Tanınma alanı Orta Asya'dan Balkanlar'a kadar uzandı. Selçuklular döneminde şehit düştüğü Akrainos(Seyitgazi)da bulunan kabri, bir külliye şeklinde inşa edildi ve ziyaretgâha dönüştü.

Battal Gazi Destanı'nda ve halk hikâyelerinde, Emeviler zamanında Arap ordusuyla birlikte İstanbul'u kuşattığı anlatılmaktadır. Kuşatma hem denizden hem karadan yapılmış; fakat başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmıştır. Destanda Battal'ın düşmanı, Arap komutanına oyun oynayıp kuşatma başladığında İstanbul'a geçerek imparatorluğunu ilan eden İmparator Leon'dur. Arap tarihinde II. İstanbul kuşatmasının tarihi 717-718 olarak belirtilmektedir. Bizans tarihindeki veriler de bu tarihi doğrular niteliktedir. Ayrıca Bizans tarihinde İmparator III. Leon () tahta çıkma tarihi 717 olarak belirtilmiştir, bundan dolayı destandaki Leon'un İmparator III. Leon olma olasılığı üzerinde durulmaktadır. Destanda Battal Gazi'nin kuşatma sırasında yirmili yaşlarında olduğu söylendiği için, Battal Gazi'nin doğum yılının 690-695 civarı olmasının olası olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Battal Gazi'nin 740 yılındaki Akroinon Muharebesi'nde (modern Afyon yakınlarında) öldüğü konusunda tarihçiler mutabakata varmışlardır. 740 yılında Eskişehir'in Seyitgazi ilçesi yakınlarında savaşta aldığı yara sebebiyle ölmüştür. Anadolu'da İslamın yayılmasına büyük katkıları olmuştur.

Battal Gazi ile ilgili romanlar
Türk edebiyatında Battal Gazi Destanı'nı temel alarak yazılan tarihi romanlardır.

Murat Sertoğlu:
 1967: Battal Gazi
 1968: Battal Gazi'nin Oğlu
 1973: Battal Gazi'nin Torunu

Abdullah Ziya Kozanoğlu:
 1937: Battal Gazi Destanı

Cavid Ersen:
 Battal Gazi

Oğuz Özdeş:
 1968: Battal Gazi'nin Oğlu

İbrahim Ünsal:
 2010: Battal Gazi

Battal Gazi ile ilgili filmler
 1955: Battal Gazi Geliyor
 1966: Battal Gazi
 1971: Battal Gazi Destanı
 1972: Battal Gazi'nin İntikamı
 1973: Savulun Battal Gazi Geliyor
 1974: Battal Gazi'nin Oğlu

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Battalgazi Derneği web sitesinde hakkında çıkmış makale ve yayınlar, eserler, belgesel ve programlar, çizgi romanlar

690'larda doğanlar
740 yılında ölenler
Türk edebiyatı
Edebiyat karakterleri

Battal Gazi


كلية بريندافان للهندسة هي كلية هندية تقع في مدينة بنجالور الهندية، وتمنح درجة البكالوريوس في الهندسة، وبها برنامج للدراسات العليا في تخصصات إدارة الأعمال وتطبيقات الحاسوب.

المؤسس
أسس هذه الكلية الدكتور ماجد صبحة، وهو عربي من أصل فلسطيني.

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 2008 في الهند
جامعات وكليات في الهند
كل مجلس الهند للتعليم الفني
كليات الهندسة في بنغالور
هيئات تعليمية أسست في 2008
تأسيسات سنة 2008 في كارناتاكا

كلية بريندافان


Kvisnæs (dansk) eller Quisnis (tysk) er en halvø i det østlige Angel i det nordlige Tyskland (Sydslesvig). Halvøen er beliggende nord for byen Gelting. Den adskiller Gelting Bugt fra Gelting Nor. Tæt på Kvisnæs ligger naturområdet Gelting Birk. Umiddelbart syd og sydøst for halvøen ligger Dystnæshøj og skovområdet Nordskov.

Kvisnæs nævnes første gang i 1731. Stednavnet er sammensat af kvist- (sml. oldnordisk kvīsl og kvistr) og -næs. Det blev på tysk til Quisnis. Administrativt hører halvøen under Gelting kommune, i den danske tid hørte den under Gelting Sogn (i Ny Herred, Sønderjylland / Hertugdømmet Slesvig).

Noter

Angel
Halvøer i Tyskland

Kvisnæs


Paweł Ireneusz Sajak (* 22. Dezember 1977 in Żyrardów) ist ein polnischer Politiker der Ruch Palikota (Palikot-Bewegung).

1995 schloss er die Berufsschule als Elektroniker ab, sein Abitur folgte 2011 am allgemeinbildenden Gymnasium Horn, beides in Żyrardów.
Nach seinem Militärdienst arbeitet er in seiner Geburtsstadt für Thomson Polkolor, die später in TCL Polska umfirmierte, zuletzt als Lagerleiter.
Bei den Parlamentswahlen 2011 stimmten 7.747 Wähler im Wahlkreis 24 Płock für ihn, womit er ein Mandat für den Sejm erhielt.

Paweł Sajak ist verheiratet und hat zwei Kinder.

Weblinks

 Darstellung auf der Website des Sejm (polnisch)

Fußnoten

Sejm-Abgeordneter (Dritte Republik)
Twój-Ruch-Mitglied
Person (Warschau)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Pole
Geboren 1977
Mann

Paweł Sajak


Biserica romano-catolică din Palota, comuna Sântandrei, județul Bihor, a fost construită în 1825. Biserica se află pe noua listă a monumentelor istorice sub codul LMI: .

Istoric și trăsături

Clădirea prezintă un interes special datorită planimetriei neobișnuite și dimensiunilor rar întâlnite în cazul bisericilor sătești. Construcția a început în anul 1824 la comanda prințului Johann Frimont, care a primit această posesiune prin donația împăratului Francisc I, în urma unor fapte de vitejie de care a dat dovadă în timpul războaielor napoleoniene și în Bătălia de Antrodoco (1821). Prințul a adus la începutul secolului al XIX-lea comunitatea de coloniști șvabi, existentă și în zilele noastre în localitate, cu scopul de a repopula satul dispărut în cursul secolului al XVIII-lea. Planul bisericii din interior are forma unei cruci simple cu brațele egale, iar dinspre exterior brațele crucii se lățesc spre capete. Conform tradiției, biserica a fost construită după planurile unor arhitecți italieni care au avut ca sursă de inspirație una dintre decorațiile militare ale prințului Frimont.

Biserica a fost sfințită în data de 22 noiembrie 1829, cu hramul sfântul Anton de Padova.

În 1831 ctitorul, prințul Frimont, a murit la Viena, iar trupul neîsuflețit a fost transportat la biserica din Palota și depus în cavou, conform testamentului. Cavoul este realizat, în partea de sus, din marmură albă de Carrara, iar în partea de jos, din marmură roșie de Salzburg.

Prima renovare a avut loc în anul 1910, biserica fiind renovată din nou la aniversarea a 150 de ani.

Vezi și
 Palota, Bihor

Legături externe
 Fișă și localizare de monument
 Fișă de monument

Imagini din exterior

Biserici romano-catolice din România
Monumente istorice din județul Bihor
Biserici din județul Bihor
Biserici din secolul al XIX-lea din România
Biserici cu hramul Sfântul Anton de Padova

Biserica romano-catolică din Palota


În teoria complexității, L (cunoscută și sub numele de LSPACE sau DLOGSPACE) este clasa de complexitate care conține  care pot fi rezolvate de către o mașină Turing deterministă folosind o un  de dimensiuni logaritmice în raport cu intrarea. Formal, mașina Turing are două benzi, dintre care una codifică intrarea și poate fi doar citită, în timp ce cealaltă bandă are dimensiune logaritmică, dar poate fi și citită și scrisă. Spațiul logaritmic este suficient pentru a ocupa un număr constant de  către intrare și un numărul logaritmic de flaguri booleene, și mulți algoritmi de bază utilizează memoria în acest fel.

Probleme complete și caracterizarea lor logică
Toate problemele netriviale din L sunt  în raport cu , deci sunt necesare reduceri mai slabe pentru a identifica noțiunile semnificative de L-completitudine, cele mai frecvente fiind reduceri .

În 2004, un rezultat al lui  arată că , problema dacă există o cale între două noduri într-un anumit graf neorientat, este în L, demonstrând că L = , deoarece USTCON este SL-completă.

O consecință a acestui fapt este o caracterizare logică simplă a lui L: acesta conține exact acele limbaje exprimate în , cu un operator comutativ suplimentar de  (în termeni de teoria grafurilor, acesta transformă fiecare componentă conexă într-o clică). Acest rezultat are aplicații în  a bazelor de date: complexitatea de date a unei interogări este definită ca fiind complexitatea de a răspunde la o interogare fixă având în vedere dimensiunea datelor ca variabilă de intrare. Pentru această măsură, interogări pe  cu informații complete (fără noțiunea de ), exprimată de exemplu în  sunt în L.

Clase de complexitate asociate
L este o subclasă a lui NL, care este clasa limbajelor decidabile în spațiu logaritmic pe o . O problemă din NL poate fi transformată într-o problemă de  într-un graf orientat reprezentând stări și tranziții de stări ale unei mașini nedeterministe, și limitarea de spațiu logaritmic implică faptul că acest graf are un număr polinomial de noduri și muchii, din care rezultă că NL este conținută în clasa de complexitate P a problemelor rezolvabile în timp  determinist polinomial. Astfel L ⊆ NL ⊆ P. Includerea L în P poate fi demonstrată și mai direct: un decident ce folosește spațiu de dimensiune O(log n) nu poate necesita un timp mai mult de 2O(log n) = nO(1), pentru că acesta este numărul total de configurații posibile.

L se leagă și cu clasa NC în felul următor:
NC1 ⊆ L ⊆ NL ⊆ NC2.
În cuvinte, considerând un calculator paralel C cu un număr polinomial O(nk) de procesoare, cu k constant, orice problemă care poate fi rezolvată pe C în O(log n) timp este în L, și orice problemă din L poate fi rezolvată în timp O(log2 n) pe C.

Probleme deschise importante sunt dacă L = P, și dacă L = NL.

Clasa asociată a  este . FL este adesea folosit pentru a defini .

Proprietăți suplimentare
L este redusă pentru ea însăși, pentru că poate simula interogări în spațiu logaritmic (aproximativ vorbind, "apeluri de funcții care folosesc spațiu logaritmic"), reutilizând același spațiu pentru fiecare interogare.

Alte utilizări
Ideea principală a logspace este că se poate stoca un număr de magnitudine polinomială în logspace și utiliza pentru a reține pointeri la o poziție a intrării.

Clasa logspace este, prin urmare, utilă pentru modelarea calculului unde intrarea este prea mare pentru a încăpea în memoria RAM a unui calculator. Secvențele lungi de ADN și bazele de date sunt bune exemple de probleme unde numai o parte constantă a intrării va fi în memoria RAM la un moment dat și unde sunt pointeri care calculează următoarea parte a intrării de inspectat, folosind astfel doar un spațiu de memorie logaritmic.

Note

Referințe

Clase de complexitate

L (clasă de complexitate)


Kellner Frères, vorher G. Kellner & Ses Fils, war ein französisches Karosseriebauunternehmen.

Unternehmensgeschichte
Georges Kellner gründete das Unternehmen 1861 in Paris. Er stellte Kutschen her. Während des Deutsch-Französischen Kriegs von 1870–1871 kamen pferdegezogene Ambulanzen dazu. 1890 traten seine Söhne Paul und Georges Junior in das Unternehmen ein. Spätestens 1903 begann die Produktion von Karosserien für Automobile. Allerdings gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass 1898 ein Henriod karossiert wurde, der erhalten geblieben ist.

1910 zog sich der Gründer zurück. Die Söhne führten das Unternehmen unter neuer Firmierung fort. Während des Ersten Weltkriegs wurden Flugzeuge für die Société de Production des Aéroplanes Deperdussin gefertigt. 1919 wurde Paul ausgezahlt, wodurch Georges Junior alleiniger Inhaber wurde. Sein Sohn Jacques wurde 1924 Partner. Es gibt einen Hinweis auf die neue Firmierung Georges Kellner & Fils ab diesem Zeitpunkt. Georges Junior starb 1931, sein Sohn leitete nun das Unternehmen. 1938 endete die Karosseriefertigung. Erneut wurde der Flugzeugbau für die französischen Luftstreitkräfte aufgenommen. Jacques wurde 1941 verhaftet und 1942 erschossen. Das war das Ende des Unternehmens.

Fahrzeuge
Kellner stellte viele Karosserien für Hispano-Suiza her. Daneben sind Mercedes 22/40 PS, Panhard & Levassor, Packard, Pipe, Renault Reinastella und Rolls-Royce genannt.

Eine andere Quelle nennt zusätzlich Amilcar, Bentley, Bugatti Royale und Locomobile. Daneben gibt es Hinweise auf De Dion-Bouton, Duesenberg, Gardner-Serpollet, Mors, Panhard & Levassor, Peugeot, Renault Type JP, Renault Type NM und Renault Type Q.

Literatur

Weblinks

 Carrosserie Kellner Auf francois.vanaret.pagesperso-orange.fr (französisch).

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliger Karosseriehersteller
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Paris)
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Paris)
Kutschenhersteller
Ehemaliger Flugzeughersteller
Gegründet 1861
Aufgelöst 1942

Kellner Frères


Federal Correctional Complex, Butner ist  ein US-amerikanisches Bundesgefängnis in der Stadt Butner, im Granville County im Norden North Carolinas.

Institutionen

Der Komplex hat vier Institutionen:

 FMC Butner, ein Gefängnis für Bundesbehörden für männliche Gefangene auf allen Sicherheitsstufen.
 FCI Butner Medium, mittlere Sicherheitsstufe.
 FCI Butner Medium II, mittlere Sicherheitsstufe.
 FCI Butner Low, niedrige Sicherheitsstufe.

Butner hat den größten medizinischen und psychologischen Komplex aller US-Bundesgefängnisse.

Es hat zwei Therapieprogramme für Drogensüchtige (Stand 2008).

Bekannte Insassen

FCI Butner Low

FCI Butner Medium

FMC Butner

Bekannte frühere Insassen

Weblinks

 Official profile vom Federal Bureau of Prisons
 "Butner Federal Correctional Institution III." John J. Kirlin, LLC.

Einzelnachweise

Butner
Bauwerk im Granville County
Organisation (Granville County)
Gefängnis in North Carolina

Federal Correctional Complex, Butner


Logor Tenja bio je sabirni logor u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj. Logor se nalazio kraj grada Osijeka u selu Tenja, a formiran je u travnju 1941. i djelovao je do kolovoza 1942. godine. Zapovjednik logora bio je Mirko Appelt. Logor je mogao primiti do 3000 osoba.

U Osijeku i okolici, u vrijeme dolaska ustaša na vlast, živjelo je oko 2500 Židova. Tijekom 1941. godine isprva su izvršena uhićenja imućnijih Židova, a nešto kasnije i ostalih. U dva navrata 1941. godine, ustaše su odveli iz Osijeka 684 osobe: Židove, Srbe i Hrvate-antifašiste, među kojima su bile žene i djeca. Vršili su transport skupina od po 100 Židova u logor u Gospiću. Početkom 1942. započeo je masovan progon Židova, Srba i Hrvata-antifašista. Župsko redarstvo Osijeka odlučilo je izolirati sve Židove zatvaranjem na posebnim mjestima. Za to je bio određen prostor kod tenjske mitnice, odnosno za izgradnju naselja samo za Židove. U travnju 1942. počela je gradnja baraka i zidani objekti na račun Židovske vjerske općine Osijek, a pod nadzorom Županijskog redarstva. Kako je koji objekt bio završen, popunjavan je Židovima. Zatočeni Židovi sami su se brinuli o svom snabdijevanju i prehrani, a režim nadzora nije bio prestrog.

U duhu rješenja židovskog pitanja u NDH, u Osijek je došao Ivan Tolj, šef ustaške policije iz Vinkovaca, već otprije poznat po svojoj surovosti iskazanoj provođenjem terora u Sarajevu, i naredio ograđivanje logora bodljikavom žicom. Postavljena je ustaška straža, uhićeni su preostali Židovi iz Osijeka i okolice, a dopremljene su i skupine iz Šida, Orahovice, Našica, Đakova, Vukovara i Valpova. Broj zatočenika porastao je na 3000, pa su mnogi bili smješteni na otvorenom i živjeli i spavali na zemlji. Ustaše su im svima oduzeli sve predmete i dragocjenosti, te svu imovinu u kućama, stanovima i na imanjima. Oduzetu nepokretnu i pokretnu imovinu ustaše su međusobno razdjelili.

Sredinom kolovoza, ustaše su počeli slati Židove u Treći reich. Prvi vagoni s oko 1000 Židova, među kojima 700 djece, upućeni su izravno u logor Auschwitz 15. kolovoza. Tada je u Tenju je došao Dominik Hinko Piccilli, zapovjednik logora Jasenovac III-Ciglana i odveo dio Židova u Jasenovac. Krajem kolovoza krenuo je treći i posljednji transport iz Tenje. Dva vagona tog transporta odvedena su u Jasenovac, a ostatak od oko 600 logoraša pridružen je transportu iz Lobora i otpremljen u njemačke logore.

Logor Tenja prestao je postojati krajem kolovoza 1942. godine. Iako u tom logoru nije bilo masovnih likvidacija, ipak je tih 3000 Židova, žena i djece, koji su u njemu boravili ubijeno u Jasenovcu ili u Njemačkoj. Svega desetak njih vratilo se iz njemačkih logora, ali nijedan iz Jasenovca.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
•

Logori u NDH
Povijest Osijeka

Logor Tenja


An Themeda arguens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Eduard Hackel. An Themeda arguens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Themeda, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Themeda

Themeda arguens


Şamot, ateş tuğlası ve yüksek derece sıcaklıklara dayanıklı diğer eşyaların yapımında kullanılan bir kil türü. Fırında kaldığı sürece koruduğu dayanıklık nedeniyle, boru ve benzer çömlek parçaların üretiminde kullanılır. Geleneksel tuğla kiline nazaran, taş halinde derin madenlerden elde edilir.

Seramik malzemeleri
Silikat mineralleri
Refrakter malzemeler

Şamot


نهاد قهوجي
الاسم : نيهات قهوجي
تاريخ ومحل الميلاد : 23 11 1979 ـ إسطنبول
المركز : مهاجم
القميص : (8)
الطول : 1.76
الانديه التي لعب لها : بشكتاش - ريال سوسيداد - فياريال

بيشكتاش
نهاد هو إنتاج نادي بشكتاش وتم اكتشفه عن طريق هورسير مصطفى سيندير عندما لعب نهاد في بشيكتاش التركي في موسم 1996-97. وانضم إلى الفريق الأول في بشيكتاش في موسم 1997-98.

ريال سوسيداد
في يناير 2002، تم انتقاله إلى ريال سوسيداد في إسبانيا من بشكتاش في عهد المدرب السابق جون توشاك. في ريال سوسيداد سجل 57 هدفا في 115 مباراة. في موسم 2002-03، نهاد سجل 23 هدفا في الدوري مما جعله في المرتبة الثانية المشتركة بين هداف لموسم خلف الهولندي روي ماكاي (29 هدفا)، وتعادل مع رونالدو.ريال سوسييداد انهى الموسم في المركز الثاني في الدوري، بفارق 2 نقاط خلف ريال مدريد.، وكانت له ضربة شراكة مثمرة للغاية مع الصربي داركو كوفاسيفيتش إلى الأمام.

فياريال
في 16 مايو 2006 وافق نهاد على الانضمام إلى نادي فياريال، على عقد فترتة خمس سنوات، عل ى نقل بوسمان. بسبب مشاكله مع الإصابة، لم يتمكن من تقديم الكثير في أول موسم له، وسجل هدفا واحدا فقط في 9 مباريات.وبدا في موسمه الثاني وسجل 18 هدفا في الدوري.و في موسم 2008-09 بسبب وجود إصابات أخرى، لم يتمكن نهاد تسجيل هدف واحد في 19 مباراة وهو ما يعادل 764 دقيقة من اللعب.

العودة إلى بيشكتاش
في 27 حزيران 2009، عاد نهاد إلى النادي الذي بدأ فيه حياته المهنية بتوقيع لبشيكتاش.

مع المنتخب التركي
لعب نهاد أول مباراة دولية له ضد السويد في تشرين الأول 2000.
كأس العالم 2002 :.
في المجموعة الثالثة، كاناول ظهور لنهاد في الدقيقة 79 بديلا لباشتورك ضد كوستاريكا.ودخل ليكون بديلا واهدى في الفوز 1-0 على اليابان. تركيا مضى، ليحتل المركز الثالث بعد فوزه 3-2 على ضيفه الهولندي جوس هيدينك في كوريا الجنوبية.
كأس الأمم الاوربية :
في المباراة النهائية لكأس الأمم الأوروبية 2008 في المجموعة الأولى، نهاد سجل هدفين في مباراة ضد الجمهورية التشيكية. كلا الفريقين كان متساويا في رصيد النقاط، على حد سواء بعد أن هزم سويسرا وخسروا امام البرتغال، وبالضبط مع نفس الكمية من اهداف التي عليه وله، يضمن الفوز يضمن لهم مقعد في الدور ربع النهائي في حين تعادل يعني بركلات الجزاء سيكون مطلوبا. التشيك 2-0 من خلال رأس يان كولر وياروسلاف بلاشيل والنتيجة لا تزال 2-0 حتى الدقيقة 75th، عندما سجل أردا توران 2-1. نهاد جاء بالهدف الأول في الدقيقة 87th ؛ وم ثم حميد ألتينتوب كرة عرضية أسقطت بواسطة بيتر تشيك السماح للاستفادة من نيهات الكرة داخل الشباك. وسجل هدفه الثاني بعد دقيقة واحدة ومساعدة تركيا الفوز بالمباراة 3-2.
نهاد كان استبعد من تركيا في نصف النهائي مع ألمانيا بسبب اصابة في الفخذ، مما يؤدي في النهاية المطلوبة لعملية جراحية ومنعته من اللعب لفياريال في وقت مبكر من موسم 2008-09.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية أتراك
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص مذكورون في وثائق بنما
رياضيون أتراك مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري التركي الممتاز
لاعبو بشكتاش
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو ريال سوسيداد
لاعبو كأس العالم 2002
لاعبو كأس القارات 2003
لاعبو كرة قدم أتراك
لاعبو كرة قدم أتراك مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم من إسطنبول
لاعبو منتخب تركيا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب تركيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب تركيا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي فياريال
مواليد 1400 هـ
مواليد 1979
مواليد في إسطنبول

نهاد قهوجي


The United States Institute of Peace (USIP) is an American federal institution tasked with promoting conflict resolution and prevention worldwide. It provides research, analysis, and training to individuals in diplomacy, mediation, and other peace-building measures.

Following years of proposals for a national peace academy, USIP was established in 1984 by congressional legislation signed into law by President Ronald Reagan. It is officially nonpartisan and independent, receiving funding only through a congressional appropriation to prevent outside influence. The institute is governed by a bipartisan board of directors with 15 members, which must include the secretary of defense, the secretary of state, and the president of the National Defense University. The remaining 12 members are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.

The institute's headquarters is in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C. at the northwest corner of the National Mall near the Lincoln Memorial and Vietnam Veterans Memorial. It currently employs around 300 personnel and has trained more than 65,000 professionals since its inception.

Mission
The United States Institute of Peace Act, passed in 1984, calls for the institute to "serve the people and the government through the widest possible range of education and training, basic and applied research opportunities, and peace information services on the means to promote international peace and the resolution of conflicts among the nations and peoples of the world without recourse to violence."

The institute carries out this mission by operating programs in conflict zones, conducting research and analysis, operating a training academy and public education center, providing grants for research and fieldwork, convening conferences and workshops, and building the academic and policy fields of international conflict management and peacebuilding. On many of its projects, the institute works in partnership with non-governmental organizations, higher and secondary educational institutions, international organizations, local organizations, and U.S. government agencies, including the State Department and the Department of Defense.

History

President Ronald Reagan signed the United States Institute of Peace Act in 1984.

Spurred by a grassroots movement in the 1970s and 1980s, Senator Jennings Randolph joined senators Mark Hatfield and Spark Matsunaga and Representative Dan Glickman in an effort to form a national peace academy akin to the national military academies. The 1984 act creating USIP followed from a 1981 recommendation of a commission formed to examine the peace academy issue appointed by President Jimmy Carter and chaired by Matsunaga.

Robert F. Turner was the institute's first president and CEO, holding that position from 1986 to 1987. He was followed by Ambassador Samuel W. Lewis (1987–1992), Ambassador Richard H. Solomon (1992–2012), and former congressman Jim Marshall (2012–2013). Kristin Lord served as acting president (2013–2014). Nancy Lindborg was sworn in as president on February 2, 2015 and served until 2020. Lise Grande was named the new president in October, 2020. In its early years, the institute sought to strengthen international conflict management and peacebuilding. In a 2011 letter of support for USIP, the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs stated that this analytical work has "helped to build the conflict management and resolution field, both as an area of study and as an applied science".

Under Solomon's leadership, the institute expanded its operations in conflict zones and its training programs, initially in the Balkans and, after September 11, 2001, in Afghanistan and Iraq. It also became the home of several congressionally mandated blue-ribbon commissions, including the Iraq Study Group, the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, and the Quadrennial Defense Review Independent Panel. Today, the institute conducts active programs in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Pakistan, Sudan, South Sudan, and elsewhere.

In 1996, Congress authorized the Navy to transfer jurisdiction of the federal land—a portion of its Potomac Annex facility on what has been known as Navy Hill—to become the site of the permanent USIP headquarters, across the street from the National Mall at 23rd Street and Constitution Avenue NW, in Washington, D.C. Prior to its construction, the institute leased office space in downtown Washington. Construction of the headquarters building concluded in 2011.

Budget

USIP is funded annually by the U.S. Congress. For fiscal year 2023 Congress provided $55 million. Occasionally, USIP receives funds transferred from government agencies, such as the Department of State, USAID, and the Department of Defense. By law, USIP is prohibited from receiving private gifts and contributions for its program activities. The restriction on private fundraising was lifted for the public-private partnership to construct the USIP headquarters.

Budget debate
An op-ed in the Wall Street Journal on February 16, 2011, by Republican congressman Jason Chaffetz of Utah and former Democratic congressman Anthony Weiner of New York, attacked funding for USIP as part of the broader debate about federal spending. "The USIP is a case study in how government waste thrives," they wrote. "The idea began during the Cold War as a modest proposal with $4 million in seed money. But the organization received government funding year after year essentially because it had been funded the year before—and because it had important allies."

Former U.S. Central Command commander Anthony Zinni wrote an op-ed, published in the New York Times on March 7, 2011, in support of USIP. "Congress would be hard-pressed to find an agency that does more with less. The institute's entire budget would not pay for the Afghan war for three hours, is less than the cost of a fighter plane, and wouldn't sustain even forty American troops in Afghanistan for a year. Within the budget, peace-building is financed as part of national security programs and is recognized as an important adjunct to conventional defense spending and diplomacy. The institute's share of the proposed international affairs budget, $43 million, is minuscule: less than one-tenth of one percent of the State Department's budget, and one-hundredth of one percent of the Pentagon's."

On February 17, 2011, the House of Representatives for the 112th U.S. Congress voted to eliminate all funding for the U.S. Institute of Peace in FY 2011 continuing resolution. Funding for the institute was eventually restored by both the House and Senate on April 14, 2011, through the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act of 2011.

Organization and leadership
The institute's staff of more than 300 is split among its Washington headquarters, field offices, and temporary missions to conflict zones. The institute is active in some 17 countries, and as of 2012 maintains field offices in Kabul, Afghanistan, and Baghdad, Iraq, as well as a presence in Islamabad, Pakistan.

Organization

USIP coordinates its work through seven main centers:

Africa Center
Applied Conflict Transformation Center
Asia Center
Middle East North Africa Center
Policy, Learning and Strategy Center
Russia and Europe Center
The Gandhi-King Global Academy

Leadership
The institute is governed by a board of directors, with an equal number of Republican and Democratic directors appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. Lise Grande is the current president of the institute, having served in that role since 2020. She was preceded by Nancy Lindborg, who was preceded by Kristin Lord (acting president 2013–2014), former congressman Jim Marshall (president 2012–2013), former senior State Department official and U.S. ambassador to the Philippines Richard H. Solomon (president 1992–2012), former U.S. ambassador to Israel Samuel W. Lewis (president 1987–1988), and Robert F Turner (president 1986–1987).

Board of directors
 George E. Moose, Chair – The George Washington University, Adjunct Professor of Practice
 Judy Ansley, Vice Chair – Former assistant to the president and deputy national security advisor at the National Security Council (NSC)
 Kerry Kennedy – human rights activist and former executive director of the Robert Kennedy Memorial
 Jeremy A. Rabkin – Antonin Scalia Law School, Professor
 Stephen Hadley, Former Chair – Principal, Rice Hadley Gates, LLC
 J. Robinson West, Chair Emeritus – PFC Energy, Chairman
 Nancy Zirkin – Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, Executive Vice President
 Kathryn L. Wheelbarger – Former Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, U.S. Department of Defense
 Edward M. Gabriel – Former U.S. Ambassador to Morocco
 Nathalie Rayes, Latino Victory Project, President and CEO
 Mary Swig – Mary Green Enterprises, President and CEO
 Jonathan Burks – Walmart, Vice President for Global Public Policy
 Michael Singh – Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Managing Director

Members ex officio
 Colin Kahl – Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
 Uzra Zeya – Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights
 Lieutenant General Michael T. Plehn – President, National Defense University

Projects

PeaceTech Lab
The PeaceTech Lab is a 501(c)(3) spun out of the United States Institute of Peace in 2014. It created the lab as a separate entity to further advance its core mission to prevent, mitigate, and reduce violent conflict around the world. The lab continues USIP's work developing technology and media tools for peacebuilding. In real terms, the lab brings together engineers, technologists, and data scientists from industry and academia, along with experts in peacebuilding from USIP, other government agencies, NGOs, and the conflict zones. These experts collaborate to design, develop, and deploy new and existing technology tools for conflict management and peacebuilding.

PeaceTech Lab CEO and founder Sheldon Himelfarb has proposed that an Intergovernmental Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) be established along the lines of the IPCC to report on, among other things, how best to address the fake news crisis.

Convened tribes in Iraq
In Iraq in 2007, USIP helped broker the initial peace agreement that is seen as the turning point in the war there. USIP experts were asked to assist the U.S. Army's 10th Mountain Division in the reconciliation effort in Mahmoudiya, located in what was known as "the Triangle of Death" in Iraq's western Al Anbar Governorate. USIP was seen as a neutral player that was able to convene Sunni tribal leaders, Iraq's Shiite government leaders, and senior members of the U.S. military. Soon after the meeting, attacks and casualties declined significantly. The agreement led to a reduction of the U.S. military presence there from a brigade-level unit of about 3,500 soldiers to a battalion-level unit of about 650. General David Petraeus, the senior commander in Iraq, noted that the turnabout was "striking". Petraeus also said that USIP "is a great asset in developing stronger unity of effort between civilian and military elements of government".

Iraq Study Group

The U.S. government used USIP to help convene the bipartisan Iraq Study Group in 2006 that studied the conflict in Iraq and recommended ways forward. USIP facilitated the group's trip to Iraq and hosted several meetings of the group. According to USIP, the group's political neutrality made it an appropriate entity to host the group's sensitive deliberations. The effort was undertaken at the urging of several members of Congress with agreement of the White House. A final report was released to Congress, the White House, and the public on December 6, 2006.

Genocide Prevention Task Force
In Fall 2008, U.S. Institute of Peace, the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, and the American Academy of Diplomacy jointly convened the Genocide Prevention Task Force to "spotlight genocide prevention as a national priority and to develop practical policy recommendations to enhance the capacity of the U.S. government to respond to emerging threats of genocide and mass atrocities".

The 14-member task force, co-chaired by former secretary of state Madeleine Albright and former defense secretary William Cohen, outlined "a national blueprint to prevent genocide and mass atrocities". In December 2008, the task force released its report "Preventing Genocide: A Blueprint for U.S. Policymakers" detailing its recommendations and guidelines. The Economist praised it as a "report steeped in good sense".

On August 4, 2011, U.S. president Barack Obama announced a proclamation suspending U.S. entry to individuals active in "serious human rights and humanitarian law violations" and called for the creation of an Atrocities Prevention Board to review, coordinate and develop an atrocity prevention and response policy, and incorporate recommendations provided by the Genocide Prevention Task Force.

Preventing electoral violence in Sudan
Ahead of Sudan's April 2010 national elections (the first since 1986) and January 2011 South Sudanese independence referendum, USIP staff traveled to some of the more unstable regions to help prepare people for the elections. Amid heightened tensions, USIP experts focused on improving cultural awareness, citizenship skills, and training Sudanese on electoral violence triggers—all critical steps to ensure that the polls did not turn violent. The elections and referendum were held with relatively no bloodshed and were widely deemed a success. Building upon USIP's successful electoral violence prevention training, USIP is implementing a series of violence prevention workshops throughout the country post-election and post-referendum.

Publication of The Iran Primer
The Iran Primer: Power, Politics, and U.S. Policy "offers a comprehensive but concise overview of Iran's politics, economy, military, foreign policy, and nuclear program". It convenes 50 experts to discuss Iran's evolving relationship with the West and "chronicles U.S.-Iran relations under six American presidents and probes five options for dealing with Iran". The Iran Primer is edited by USIP staff member Robin Wright.

Additional work

 Worked with community leaders to build peace neighborhood-by-neighborhood in Iraq
 Working with tribal chiefs, educator, and civil society leaders in support of peacemaking in Sudan
 Training hundreds of young Nigerian religious leaders, women, and youth from all over the country to be peacemakers; and helping bring peace to large parts of Plateau State
 Strengthening the peacemaking capacity of religious leaders and faith-based organizations through research, technical assistance, facilitated dialogues, and operational support
 Helping establish the rule of law, a fundamental building block to peace in Afghanistan, Iraq, Liberia, Palestine, and Nepal in addition to other security sector reform initiatives.
 Producing educational resources such as a book series on cultural negotiation, textbooks on conflict management, and online training
General reference
 The Diplomat's Dictionary
Negotiating across Cultures: International Communication in an Interdependent World
Arts of Power: Statecraft and Diplomacy
Culture and Conflict Resolution
Country-specific
How Pakistan Negotiates with the United States: Riding the Roller Coaster
American Negotiating Behavior: Wheeler-Dealers, Legal Eagles, Bullies, and Preachers
Negotiating with Iran: Wrestling the Ghosts of History
How Israelis and Palestinians Negotiate: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Oslo Peace Process
French Negotiating Behavior: Dealing with La Grande Nation
How Germans Negotiate: Logical Goals, Practical Solutions
Case Studies in Japanese Negotiating Behavior
Negotiating on the Edge: North Korean Negotiating Behavior
Chinese Negotiating Behavior: Pursuing Interests Through 'Old Friends'
Russian Negotiating Behavior: Continuity and Transition

The institute has also served U.S. government officials and policymakers.

 Facilitating the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, Genocide Prevention Task Force, and the bipartisan Iraq Study Group
 Leading a Congress-mandated, bipartisan task force on United Nations reform
 Developing a proposal for a comprehensive settlement of the Korean War, which was drawn upon by U.S. government officials in preparation for the Six-party talks
 Conducting a study of the U.S. government's state-building capacity that contributed to the creation of the Office of Reconstruction and Stabilization (ORS) in the State Department

Headquarters

In March 2011, USIP moved into its permanent headquarters facility at the northwest corner of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Designed by Moshe Safdie Architects and Buro Happold, the LEED-certified building aims to serve as a symbol of America's commitment to peacebuilding. The building houses offices and staff support facilities, a library, a conference center, auditorium, classrooms, and a public education center. Officials broke ground for the new headquarters in June 2008 at a ceremony that included President George W. Bush, Senate majority leader Harry Reid, and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi.

Publications

USIP publishes a variety of topical newsletters, briefs, reports, guides, studies, testimony, and books related to peacebuilding and conflict management topics. It also maintains digital collections of peace agreements, oral histories, and information about truth commissions. The USIP headquarters is home to a public library that houses a collection of items related to peacebuilding, conflict management, and diplomacy. Its materials can be used on-site or requested through interlibrary loan.

In an interview with the politically progressive news website Truthout, Noam Chomsky described USIP's decision to release the Trump administration's 2018 National Defense Strategy on its website as a case where "lacking a sense of irony, the bureaucracy is quite happy to caricature Orwell."

See also
 Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations
 Department of Peace
 List of peace activists
 ONU Law Rule of Law LL.M. Program
 Pacifism in the United States

References

External links

 USIP's Global Peacebuilding Center

1984 establishments in the United States
Foreign policy and strategy think tanks in the United States
Government agencies of the United States
Moshe Safdie buildings
Nonviolence organizations based in the United States
Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Peace and conflict studies
Government agencies established in 1984

United States Institute of Peace


Eduard Fuchs (* 8. September 1975 in Bad Radkersburg) ist ein österreichischer Extremradsportler. Der gebürtige Bad Radkersburger ist Berufsunteroffizier beim Österreichischen Bundesheer und lebt in Graz.

Eduard Fuchs bestreitet seit seinem 14. Lebensjahr regelmäßig Straßenradrennen, seit 2008 Ultra- und Extremradrennen. Er bestritt weltweit über 800 Eintages- und Etappenrennen.

Im Jahr 2008 stieg er in die Ultracycling-Szene ein. Drei Mal in Folge (2010, 2011 und 2012) gewann er das Race Around Austria. Durch den Sieg beim  Race Around Ireland 2014 wurde er zugleich als erster Österreicher UMCA Ultracycling – Europameister. 2013 belegte er bei seiner Premiere des Race Across America den 8. Gesamtplatz. 2015 startete er beim längsten Radrennen der Welt – dem Red Bull Trans Siberian Extreme und belegte auf der Strecke von Moskau nach Wladiwostok nach 9195 km in 23 Tagen den 2. Gesamtrang.

Aktuell startet er für die Sportlergemeinschaft "Langmann & Partner Powerteam", davor für folgende Teams:

 ARBÖ ASKÖ Desserta Graz
 ARBÖ ASKÖ Raaba
 ARBÖ Denzel
 URC Schwarzl See Lassnitzhöhe

Weblinks
 Offizielle Homepage von Eduard Fuchs

Extremsportler (Österreich)
Radsportler (Österreich)
Militärperson (Zweite Republik Österreich)
Österreicher
Geboren 1975
Mann

Eduard Fuchs (Extremsportler)


Christopher Isham (; born 28 April 1944), usually cited as Chris J. Isham, is a theoretical physicist at Imperial College London.

Research
Isham's main research interests are quantum gravity and foundational studies in quantum theory. He was the inventor of  an approach to temporal quantum logic called the HPO formalism, and has worked on loop quantum gravity and quantum geometrodynamics. Together with other physicists, such as John C. Baez, Isham is known as a proponent of the utility of category theory in theoretical physics. In recent years, since at least 1997, he has been working on a
new approach to quantum theory based on topos theory.

Isham has appeared in several NOVA television programmes as well as a film about Stephen Hawking. Physicist Paul Davies has described Isham as "Britain's greatest quantum gravity expert." As a practising Christian, Isham has also written about the relationships among philosophy, theology, and physics.

Awards
 2011: Dirac Medal of the Institute of Physics for his works on quantum gravity.

Bibliography
 Isham, C. J., Physics, Philosophy, and Theology, 1988
 Christopher Isham, "Quantum Theories of the Creation of the Universe," in R. Russell, N. Murphy and C. J. Isham (eds.), Quantum Cosmology and the Laws of Nature (Vatican City: Vatican Press, 1993), p. 74.
 Christopher Isham, "Creation of the Universe as a Quantum Tunnelling Process," in (eds. R. J. Russell et al.), Physics, Philosophy and Theology (Vatican City: Vatican Press, 1988), pp. 375–408.
 Isham, C. J. (1993), "Canonical Quantum Gravity and the Problem of Time", in L. A. Ibort and M. A. Rodríguez (eds.), Integrable Systems, Quantum Groups, and Quantum Field theories. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 157-288.
 Isham, C. J., K. V. Kuchař, "Representations Of Space-Time Diffeomorphisms. 2. Canonical Geometrodynamics," Annals of Physics 164:316 (1985).
 Isham, C. J. (1994), Prima facie questions in quantum gravity, in Ehlers and Friedrich 25 (1994), 1-21.
 Isham, C. J. (1997), "Structural Issues in Quantum Gravity", in M. Francaviglia et al. (eds.), Florence 1995, General Relativity and Gravitation, World Scientific.
 Butterfield, Jeremy, and Chris Isham (1999), "On the Emergence of Time in Quantum Gravity", in Butterfield (1999), 111-168.
 Butterfield, Jeremy, and Christopher Isham (2001), "Spacetime and the Philosophical Challenge of Quantum Gravity", in Craig Callender and Nick Huggett (eds.) (2001), 33-89.
 Döring, Andreas and Isham, Chris, "What is a Thing?: Topos Theory in the Foundations of Physics", in Bob Coecke, New Structures in Physics, Chapter 13, pp. 753–940, Lecture Notes in Physics, 813, Springer, 2011, , (also see )

See also
List of quantum gravity researchers
List of Christian thinkers in science

References

Living people
Academics of Imperial College London
British theoretical physicists
Donegall Lecturers of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin
Members of the International Society for Science and Religion
British Christians
1944 births
Deans of the Imperial College Faculty of Natural Sciences

Christopher Isham


Čovjek u visokom dvorcu (izvorno The Man in the High Castle) američka je televizijska serija koja prikazuje distopijsku alternativnu povijest. Serija se temelji na istoimenoj knjizi iz 1962. godine autora Philipa K. Dicka. U alternativnoj 1962. godini, Sile Osovine pobijedile su u Drugom svjetskom ratu i podijelile Sjedinjene Američke Države na Veliko Nacističko carstvo (Greater Nazi Reich) koje je obuhvaćalo više od polovice istočnog dijela kontinenta i Japanske tihooceanske države (Japanese Pacific States) koje je obuhvaćalo zapadni dio. Između ta dva teritorija nalazi se neutralna zona koja obuhvaća Stjenjak. Serija prati niz likova čije sudbine se isprepliću nakon stupanja u kontakt s nizom propagandnih filmova koji prikazuju različite povijesne događaje, kao što je pobjeda Saveznika u Drugom svjetskom ratu. Serija ima četrdeset epizoda koje su podijeljene u četiri sezone. Glavni likovi serije su: John Smith - jedan od viših članova Nacističke partije, Helen Smith - žena Johna Smitha, Juliana Crain - protagonistkinja serije koja trazi načine da obori oba carstva. Epizode traju od 40-70 minuta.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene stranice
 Čovjek u visokom dvorcu na IMDb-u

Američke serije

Čovjek u visokom dvorcu (televizijska serija)


Svijet

Natjecanja

Svjetska natjecanja
 VI. Olimpijske igre – Berlin 1916. odgođene su zbog Prvog svjetskog rata.

Kontinentska natjecanja

Europska natjecanja

Osnivanja
 CONMEBOL, vršna nogometna organizacijanu Južnoj Americi
 FK Bodø/Glimt, norveški nogometni klub
 RCD Mallorca, španjolski nogometni klub

Rekordi

Nagrade

Ostali događaji

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Natjecanja

Timski športovi

Pojedinačni športovi

Osnivanja
 NK Junak Sinj, hrvatski nogometni klub
 Slavija Osijek, hrvatski nogometni klub

Rekordi

Nagrade

Ostali događaji

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Šport u 1916.


Sound check er en film instrueret af Jan Krogsgård.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1996

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark

Sound check


Pelageya Yakovlevna Polubarinova-Kochina (;  – 3 July 1999) was a Soviet and Russian applied mathematician, known for her work on fluid mechanics and hydrodynamics, particularly, the application of Fuchsian equations, as well in the history of mathematics. She was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1946 and full member (academician) in 1958.

Biography

Born on  in the Russian Empire to an accountant and a housewife, Pelageya was the second youngest of four children. She studied at a women's high school in Saint Petersburg and went on to Petrograd University (after the Russian Revolution). After her father died in 1918, she started working at the laboratory of geophysics under the supervision of Alexander Friedmann. There she met Nikolai Kochin; they were married in 1925 and had two daughters. The two taught at Petrograd University until 1934, when they moved to Moscow, where Nikolai Kochin took a teaching position at the Moscow University. In Moscow, Polubarinova-Kochina did research at the Steklov Institute until World War II, when she and their daughters were evacuated to Kazan while Kochin stayed in Moscow to work on aiding the military effort. He died before the war was over.

After the war, she edited his lectures and continued to teach applied mathematics. She was later head of the department of theoretical mechanics at the University of Novosibirsk and director of the department of applied hydrodynamics at the Hydrodynamics Institute. She was one of the founders of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (then the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union) at Novosibirsk.

She was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1946, was made a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1969 and received the Order of Friendship of Peoples in 1979. She died in 1999, a few months after her 100th birthday, and shortly after publishing her last scientific article.

Selected publications

Fluid mechanics

 , translated as

History of mathematics

 , translated as

Notes

References

External links
 "Pelageya Yakovlevna Polubarinova-Kochina", Biographies of Women Mathematicians, Agnes Scott College

1899 births
1999 deaths
20th-century Russian mathematicians
20th-century women mathematicians
People from Astrakhan Governorate
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of Novosibirsk State University
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1951–1955
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1955–1959
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian centenarians
Russian mathematicians
Russian women mathematicians
Soviet women mathematicians
Women centenarians
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery

Pelageya Polubarinova-Kochina


Offstage este un film românesc din 2017 regizat de Andrei Huțuleac. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Amalia Ciolan, Adrian Titieni, Tudor Aaron Istodor.

Rezumat

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Carol Ionescu
 Amalia Ciolan
 Nicoleta Hâncu
 Andrei Ciopec
 Adrian Titieni
 Vladimir Purdel
 Tudor Aaron Istodor
 Alin Florea

Note

Vezi și
 2017 în film

Legături externe

Filme din 2017
Filme românești
Filme în limba română

Offstage


Maria Manuela de Oliveira Moreira Bravo (* 7. Dezember 1957 in Queluz (Sintra)) ist eine portugiesische Sängerin.

Ab 1973 erschienen erste Singles von ihr. Als Gewinnerin des Festival da Canção 1979 durfte sie beim Eurovision Song Contest 1979 in Jerusalem für ihr Heimatland antreten. Mit dem Schlager Sobe, sobe, balão sobe erreichte sie den neunten Platz.

Diskografie (Alben)
Manuela Bravo (LP, Vadeca, 1981)
Óculos de Sol (LP, Discossete, 1989)
Canções Que Me fazem Feliz (LP, Discossete, 1992)
Manuela Bravo a Preto e Branco (CD, Soprosom, 1993)
Intenções (CD, Ed. Autor)
Este Bravo Que Sou (CD, Ed. Autor, 2004)

Weblinks
Blog der Künstlerin bei Blogger.com

Musiker (Portugal)
Sänger
Teilnehmer am Festival da Canção
Interpret eines portugiesischen Beitrags beim Eurovision Song Contest
Portugiese
Geboren 1957
Frau

Manuela Bravo


Seymen, seğmen ya da seyman, eski Türk boylarında göçebe kervanlarını koruyan silahlı birlik, kolcu.Yerleşik hayata geçilmesiyle Anadolu'da köyden köye gelin almaya giden damat tarafının atlı, davullu, zurnalı, silahlı ve cepken giyinmiş delikanlı alayına dönüşmüştür.. Hakaniye Türkçesindeki Sökmen ( سكمان yiğitlere verilen ünvân) sözcüğünden türediği var sayılır.

Ankara seymenlik geleneği

Genel bilgi
Anadolu'nun çok eski yerleşme sahalarından olduğu, arkeolojik ve antropolojik belgelerle ortaya konmuş bulunan Ankara, 1071 Malazgirt Zaferi'ni takip eden yıllardan itibaren Türklerin hakimiyetine girmiş; Danişmentliler'in, Anadolu Selçukluları'nın ve Osmanlılar'ın hakimiyetleri sırasında önceleri Büyük Anadolu Eyaletine, sonraları eyalet içindeki bir sancağa merkez olmuştur.

Bugün beş milyonu aşkın nüfusa sahip, modern bir başkent olan Ankara'nın ekonomisi önceleri tarıma dayalıydı. Tahıl ve meyve yetiştirilir, özellikle Ankara keçisi ve koyun beslenirdi. Ankara keçisi nin yumuşak ve parlak kılından dokunan kumaşlar İstanbul'a gönderilir, oradan Mısır ve Avrupa'ya sevk edilirdi. Tarihi 17.yüzyıla kadar uzanan bu dönem içerisinde Ankara balı, armudu, keçisi, çiğdemi ve kedisi ile ün salmıştı.

Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı yıllarında Atatürk'ün Ankara'ya gelmesi (27 Aralık 1919) ile bu şehrin kaderi değişmiş, takibeden yıllarda (23 Nisan 1920) Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi burada toplanmış ve 13 Ekim 1923 tarihinde kabul edilen bir kanunla da Ankara devlet merkezi olmuştur.

Gittikleri yerlerde kendi kültürlerini koruyan ve geliştiren Oğuz Türkleri, yerleştikleri Ankara ve çevresinde de âdet, gelenek ve göreneklerini yaşatmışlardır. Bu geleneklerden biri de "Seymenlik Geleneği" dir (Seğmenlik - Seğmen).

Şehrin devlet merkezi olması neticesinde meydana gelen hızlı teknolojik gelişmeler, tabiî olarak kültür yapısını da etkilemiştir. Ancak, söz konusu değişme ve gelişmeler şehrin geleneksel kültürü içerisinde özel bir yeri bulunan "Seymenlik geleneği" hayatını devam ettirmiştir. 21. yüzyıla beş milyonluk nüfusa sahip büyük ve modern bir başkent olarak girmeye hazırlanan Ankara'da seğmenlik geleneği bugün bir dernek çatısı altında korunarak, yürütülmektedir. Atatürk'ün "Seymenlik Geleneğini Yaşatın" talimatıyla 1932 yılında kurulan Ankara Kulübü Derneği bu geleneksel kurumu ilelebet yaşatma çabası içerisindedir.

Efe, (Efelik) mecazî anlamda men, cesur, kahraman, cengâver insan anlamına gelmektedir. Efeler fenalıktan kaçınan, iyiliği ve yardımı seven, kahraman, gözüpek, men ve fedakâr insanlardır.

Bu karakterleriyle çevrelerinde saygınlık kazanmışlardır. Eskiden anne ve babalar yeni yetişen çocuklarını efelere teslim ederlerdi. Efeler küçük delikanlıların kötü yerlere alışmalarını önler; terbiyelerine, tutum ve davranışlarına dikkat ederler, onların büyüğünü sayan, küçüğünü koruyan, vatanına ve milletine yararlı insanlar olmaları için özen gösterirlerdi. Efeler arasında kendisini en fazla sevdirip saydıranlar "Efe Başı" seçilirdi. Efebaşları, efeleri düzenler ve idare ederlerdi. 15-16 yaşındaki delikanlı efelere Ankaralılar "Yeni Yitme" derlerdi. Yeni yitmelik unvanı askerliğin bitimine kadar sürerdi. 35 yaşına kadar da Delikanlılık Efelerin millî günlerde, düğünlerde atlı ve yaya olarak bir araya gelmelerine "Seymen Alayı Düzülmesi" denirdi.

"Seymen Alayı Düzülmesi"ni Enver Behnan ŞAPOLYO şöyle anlatmaktadır.

"Ankara halkı, tarihin pek eski devirlerinden beri Seymen Düzülme adı verilen bir Türk ananesini millî vicdanında gizli bir sihir olarak yaşatmakta idi. Seymen alayı, daima kızılca günlerde kurulurdu. Yani millî felâket günlerinde, bir beyliğin ve devletin yıkılış sıralarında, halk yeni bir devlet kurmak ve başlarına Çağı devam eder, 35 yaşından yukarı efelere de "Dölekleşiyor (ihtiyarlıyor)" tabiri ile Kart Traş Efe denirdi.

Ege bölgesindeki efelere, Zeybek, orta Anadolu ve özelikle Ankara efelerine de Seymen adı verilirdi. Yeni bir reis seçmek için Seymen Alayı kurardı. Bu alay yeni devleti kurar, yeni reisi seçerdi...

Seymen düzülme, toplu ve millî bir galeyan anıdır. Bunun ufak bir şekli de bayram ve düğünlerde kurulurdu. Seymenler o gece "Sinsin" denilen bir ateş oyunu oynarlardı. O gece bir dağ yamacında veyahut bir tepede büyük bir ateş yakarlar, Maşatama denilen demirden yapılmış büyük bir çanağın içine yağlı çıra koyarlar bu ateşin etrafında davul ve zurna çalarak Zeybek oynarlar. Bu ateşin üstünden atlayarak bir nevi tura oyunu oynayarak sabahı ederler. Bazen bu ateşe koç atarlardı.

Seymen düzülmeyi yalnız Ankara ait bir topluluk değil, Orta Anadolu Türklerinin müşterek bir galeyanıdır. Selçuklu devletinin Konya'da Osmanlı devletinin Söğüt'le kuruluşu bu ananeye çok benzemektedir. Selçuklu aynı şekilde atlı seymen alayları önünde, bir torbadan bir çocuğa ok çektirilmek suretiyle, kendi okunu çekerek bey olmuştu. Osman Bey ise, yine atlılar karşısında bir ak keçeye oturtularak dokuz defa havaya kaldırılarak karargâhta dolaştırılmıştı. Kımızlar sunulup, and içilerek Bey tanındı. Bu muhakkak Efeleri eteğinde Bayındır, Ayaş'la Kayı, Hüseyin Gazi dağı eteğinde Peçenek, Yazır, Dodurga, Bâlâ'da Avşar, Çubuk'ta Kargın, Çavundur, Eymir Gölü, Bökdüz köyleriyle Ankara'yı çevrelemiştir. Bütün bu köy adları Oğuzların yirmi dört boyunun adlarıdır. Köylerin pek çoğu Oğuzların Beydili aşiretine mensuptur.

Anadolu, tarihte böyle çok galeyanlı günler geçirmiş, Seymen düzülerek, yaya allı ve silahlı olan delikanlıları bir reis etrafında toplamıştır. Kuvvetle muhtemeldir ki Selçuk İmparatorluğu yıkılırken (Anadolu Selçukluları) yine böyle bir galeyan olmuş, Osman Bey'i aynı şekilde Kayı Aşiretinin başına bey seçmiştir. O güne ait elimizde yazılı bir belge olmamakla beraber, Etnolojik tetkiklerle, halkta yaşamakta olan aneneleri tespit etmekle, kaybolmuş tarihi hakikatleri de meydana çıkarabiliriz.

Seymen düzülme âdeti eski Türklerden kalma bir âdettir, II. Mahmud'un kurduğu "Sekban" teşkilâtı "Seymen" kelimesinden alındığını iddia edenler de vardır. İstanbul'da Şehzade Camii'nin karşısında Çukurçeşme civarında eskiden bir "Seymenler Mezarlığı" olduğu da söylenilmekte.  İstanbul esnafı arasında Ahi teşkilatında (Ahilik) bulunan "Seğmen"lerin de Ankara Ahileriyle bir münasebeti vardır. Rumelide "Seğmen bekçi, muhafız" mânasında kullanılmaktadır.

Ankara'da ise "Seymen", efe, yiğit ruhlu ve atlı manasında kullanılmaktadır. Ankara, Çankaya'da büyük bir parkın adı Seğmenler Parkı'dır. Bütün Ankara civarı köyleri Oğuz boylarıyla doludur. Çubuk'la Kınık, Elmadağ ir. Zeybek kelimesi de Seğmen kelimesiyle alâkalıdır. Seymen düzüleceği zaman, Efeler kahvesi önüne sancak dikilir. Bu bayrak Seymen alayının kurulmasına işarettir. Eski Türkler de otağ önüne tuğ ve sancak dikerlerdi. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün günün sabahı da sancak dikildi. O zaman Efeler kahvesi Ulucanlar'a giden yolun üzerinde bulunan Sarı Ahmed'in kahvesi idi. Esasen civar köylerden Seymenler de akın akın . Bu günlerde Kalecik Seymenlerinin başında Sülük, Zirlilerin başında Saraylı Ahmet, Yozgat'tan yeni Cehli Rıza uşakları, yani kızanlarıyla Ankara'ya gelmiştir.

Seymen Alayının Tertibatı

Seymen alayının kenarları sırmalı bir sancağı vardır. Bu camiin avlusuna dikilir, dua okunduktan ve kurban kesildikten sonra alay şu suretle harekete geçerdi. Alayın ününde davulcular ve zurnacılar geçerdi. Bunların kıyafetleri şayanı dikkattir. Bu davulcular birer Şamana benzemektedir. Bunlar beyaz şalvar giyerler. Üzerlerinde de sırmalı camadanları vardır. Bellerinde geniş bir meşin silâhlık ve bunun içinde tel sırmalı bir mendil sarkar. Göğüslerinde bir takım paralar ve boynuzlar veya da taşı gibi ufak ufak taşlar asılıdır. Bunlar Seymen alayının önünde bulunurlar. Zurna çaldığı zaman, bunlar davullarını havaya kaldırırlar, davul havada iken tokmak vurarak, helezonlar çizerek, yere yatarlar, kalkarlar, bir ayaklan üzerinde dönerler, davullarını havaya kaldırırlar. Sanki gökten bir takım Tanrı ruhlarını çağırır gibi garip hareketler yaparlar, sonra omuzlarını kımıldatırlar, ayaklarıyla Zeybek oynar gibi rakslar yaparlar, davulu yere doğru çalarlar, tekrar havaya kaldırırlar, sıçrarlar, yere diz çökerlerdi. Çok kere de iki davulcu karşılıklı oynarlar. İki davulcu değneklerini davulların kasnağına vurarak dokuz ayak yürürler. Tekrar geri dönerler. Üçüncü defa davulu hızlı çalarak ilerler, sonra rakslara başlar. Zurnacılar da durmadan eski havalar çalarlardı.

Davulcuların arkasında en iri yapılı bir efe, Seymen alayının bayrağını taşır. Bayrağın iki tarafında meşhur kabadayılardan iki efe de ellerinde Tekepala dedikleri, iri palaların uçlarını yukarı tutmuş bir vaziyetle ilerlerdi. Bunlara bölükbaşı denilirdi. Bunların önünde on veya on dört yaşlarında bulunan millî kıyafetli çocuklar da ellerinde som saplı bıçaklar yürümekte idi. Davulcularla Efe sancağının arasında iki tane gür sakallı ve gayet iri adamlar omuzlarında balta önlerinde birer meşin önlük ağır ağır yürümekle olup âdeta seyredene dehşet verirlerdi. Bunlara Seymen baltacıları derlerdi. Alaya iştirak eden Seymenler sağlı ve sollu iki dizi teşkil ederlerdi. Seymenler birer adım ara ile birinci ve ikinci diziyi meydana getirirlerdi, bütün Seymenlerin elinde Tekepalalar bulunmakta idi. Seymen başı bu dizinin bıraktığı boşluk arasında yürür. Yanında ikinci efe vardır. Bunların elinde birer Osmanlı kılıcı bulunmakladır. Altın kakmalı ve üzerinde bir takım âyetler yazılıdır. Bu kılıç yalnız efelerin evinde asılı durur. Seymen başı ara sıra bu kılıcı havaya kaldırır,

- Doh, doh...

diye bağırır. Bu defa bütün Seymenler gür ve kalın bir sesle Doh Doh... diyerek caddeleri inletirler. Bir ağızdan çıkan bu sesler, duyulmaya değer, heyecanlı bir sahnedir. Bu alay pek ağır yürür. Doh doh dan sonra davul ve zurna Zeybek çalar. Bu zaman efeler kılıçlarıyla Zeybek oynayarak ilerler. Bunlar pek heybetli bir manzara arzeder. İnsana dehşet ve korku saçarlardı...

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Osmanlı Medeniyeti - Seymen
 Seymenlik - Ahilik - Yarenlik

Piyade
Türkiye'de kültür
Ankara ilinde kültür

Seymen


බැසිල් රෝහණ රාජපක්ෂ (බැසිල් රාජපක්ෂ) මහතා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ගම්පහ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය තුලින් පාර්ලිමේන්තුවට පිවිසි මන්ත්‍රීවරයෙකි. ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂයේ හිටපු ජාතික සංවිධායකවරයා හා මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ රජයේ හිටපු ආර්ථික සංවර්ධන අමාත්‍යවරයා වේ. මීට පෙර 2005 වසරේ පැවැති ජනපති මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මහතාගේ පලමු ධූර කාලය තුලදී බැසිල් මහතා ජාතික ලැයිස්තුවෙන් පාර්ලිමේන්තුවට පිවිස ජනපති ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ උපදේශකවරයෙකු ලෙස කටයුතු කලේය. ඉන්පසු 2010 වසරේ පැවැති මහ මැතිවරණයේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂයෙන් ඡන්ද අපේක්ෂකයෙකු ලෙස තරඟ වැදුනු බැසිල් මහතා එහිදී පාර්ලිමේන්තුවට පිවිසියේය. පසුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ආර්ථික සංවර්ධන ධූරය ඔහුට හිමිවිය. බැසිල් රාජපක්ෂ මහතාගේ පියා වූවේ කීර්තිමත් දේශපාලඥයෙක් වූ ඩී. ඒ. රාජපක්ෂ මහතායි. බැසිල් මහතා ද්වීතීක අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබුවේ කොළඹ ආනන්ද විද්‍යාලය යෙනි .

දේශපාලන දිවිය
1977 මහ මැතිවරණයේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂයෙන් මුල්කිරිගල ඡන්ද බල පෙදෙසට තරඟ කල බැසිල් මහතා ඉන් පරාජයට පත්විය. පසුව 1982 දී ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පලමු විධායක ජනපති වූ ජේ.ආර්. ජයවර්ධන සමයේ පැවැති ජන මත විමසුමට සහය දක්වමින් බැසිල් මහතා එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයට එක්විය.   පසුව පැමිණි ගාමිණි දිසානායක මහතා යටතේද වැඩ කල බැසිල් මහතා, රණසිංහ ප්‍රේමදාස මහතාගේ දෝශාභියෝගය බිඳවැටීමෙන් පසු එක්සත් ජනපදය වෙත යන ලදී.

පසුව නැවතත් මව් බිම කරා පැමිණි බැසිල් මහතා 2010 මහ මැතිවරණයේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂයෙන් තරඟ වැද ඉතිහාසගත ලෙස මනාප ඡන්ද ලක්ෂ 4 කට (400000 +) වඩා ලබා ගනිමින් ශ්‍රී ලංකා දේෂපාලනයේ සුවිශේෂී ස්ථානයක් ගොඩනගා ගන්නා ලදී. එලෙසම ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ LTTE ත්‍රස්ථවාදය තිබූ අවදියේ, සොයුරු ජනපති මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මහතාට සවියක් වෙමින් විශාල වැඩ කොටසක් ඉටු කල බව සඳහන්ය.

පෞද්ගලික ජීවිතය
පුෂ්පා රාජපක්ෂ සමග විවාහ වූ බැසිල් මහතා වර්ථමානයේ තිදරු පියෙකි.

මේවාද බලන්න
මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ
චමල් රාජපක්ෂ
රාජපක්ෂ පවුල

මූලාශ්‍ර

බාහිර සබැදි
Business Today: Basil Rajapaksa The Force Unseen
The Rajapaksa Ancestry
 Parliament profile

ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයෝ
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික බෞද්ධයෝ
ලාංකික සිංහලයෝ
ලංකික දේශපාලනඥයෝ
එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයෙහි දේශපාලනඥයන්
චරිත කතා

බැසිල් රාජපක්ෂ


Université-de-Montréal ist eine U-Bahn-Station in Montreal. Sie befindet sich im Arrondissement Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce an der Kreuzung von Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit und Avenue Louis-Collin, in unmittelbarer Nähe zur Universität Montreal. Hier verkehren Züge der blauen Linie 2. Im Jahr 2019 nutzten 3.416.755 Fahrgäste die Station, was dem 32. Rang unter den insgesamt 68 Stationen der Metro Montreal entspricht.

Bauwerk

Die von André Léonard entworfene Station entstand in offener Bauweise und ist die am höchsten gelegene des gesamten Metronetzes. Verschiedene Lichtschächte lassen das Tageslicht auf die Verteilerebene und die Bahnsteige durchscheinen. Die Wände weisen zahlreiche unterschiedliche Winkel auf. Der von vielen Bäumen umgebene Pavillon des Haupteingangs ist in den natürlichen Abhang des Hügels integriert, auf welchem die Universität steht. Eine Rampe mit einem Fahrsteig führt direkt in das Hauptgebäude der Universität. Über einen längeren Zugangstunnel ist ein dritter Eingang an der Kreuzung von Avenue Lacombe and Avenue Louis-Colin erreichbar; der dortige dreieckige Pavillon besteht aus roh behauenen Steinen.

In 5,4 Metern Tiefe befindet sich die Bahnsteigebene mit zwei Seitenbahnsteigen. Die Entfernungen zu den benachbarten Stationen, jeweils von Stationsende zu Stationsanfang gemessen, betragen 667,60 Meter bis Édouard-Montpetit und 764,60 Meter bis Côte-des-Neiges. Es bestehen Anschlüsse zu neun Buslinien und drei Nachtbuslinien der Société de transport de Montréal. Sehenswürdigkeiten in der Nähe sind die verschiedenen Gebäude der Universität Montreal, die École polytechnique de Montréal, die École des hautes études commerciales und der Friedhof Notre-Dame-des-Neiges.

Kunst
Architekt André Léonard war auch für die künstlerische Gestaltung der Station zuständig und schuf zwei Wandbilder aus Ziegeln und Terrakotta. Das größere mit einer Breite von 14,9 Metern und einer Höhe von 4 Metern hängt über den Gleisen in einem Lichtschacht. Es handelt sich um eine nichtgegenständliche Darstellung der vier Jahreszeiten. Das kleinere Wandbild (8,2 × 2,7 Meter) am Ende des langen Zugangstunnels zeigt Pfeilmotive, die den Fahrgästen den Weg zu den Zügen anzeigen.

Geschichte
Die Eröffnung der Station erfolgte am 4. Januar 1988, zusammen mit dem Teilstück Parc–Snowdon der blauen Linie. Namensgeber ist die benachbarte Universität Montreal, die 1876 zunächst als Zweigstelle der Universität Laval gegründet wurde und 1920 die Eigenständigkeit erlangte. Der von der Metro erschlossene Campus an der Nordwestseite des Mont Royal besteht seit 1943.

Weblinks

 Seite der STM über die Station Université-de-Montréal (französisch)
 Detaillierte Informationen zur Station Université-de-Montréal (französisch)

Einzelnachweise

Station der Metro Montreal
Erbaut in den 1980er Jahren

Université-de-Montréal (Metro Montreal)


Em 19 de junho de 2021, um Let L-410UVP-E caiu perto do aeródromo de Tanay. 7 ocupantes morreram, incluindo quatro membros da tripulação.

Acidente
Uma aeronave DOSAAF L-410UVP-E3, sob prefixo RF-94603, número de série 21-05 caiu em um campo perto do Aeroporto de Tanay, Kemerovo Oblast,  Rússia com 19 ocupantes a bordo dos quais 7 perderam suas vidas. A aeronave estava em um voo de treinamento com paraquedistas.  Durante o voo, o comandante relatou uma falha no motor e decidiu devolver a aeronave ao aeroporto, que durante o processo de retorno, a aeronave estolou e cortou árvores com suas asas,  seguida caiu.

Acidentes e incidentes aéreos na Rússia
Acidentes e incidentes aéreos de 2021
Acidentes e incidentes envolvendo o LET L-410

Acidente do Let L-410 prefixo RF-94603 em 2021


المجاهد الأكبر هو اللقب الذي كان يطلق على الرئيس التونسي الحبيب بورقيبة من قبل أنصاره، وفي وسائل الإعلام الرسمية، وهو أحب الألقاب إليه.

قبل بورقيبة
يبدو أن هذا اللقب أطلق قبل بورقيبة على الزعيم الجزائري مصالي الحاج، من قبل شكيب أرسلان. وبالفعل فقد وزعت وبيعت صور مصالي الحاج في نوفمبر /تشرين الثاني 1937، وقد كتب عليها بخط يد أرسلان ما يلي: «المجاهد الأكبر الأستاذ مصالي الحاج، رئيس حزب الشعب الجزائري سجين بربروس، ولو كانت الشبيبة الإسلامية كلها على نمطه لتحرر الإسلام من زمن طويل، شكيب أرسلان». وللتذكير فقد كان مصالي الحاج آنذاك سجينا.

لقب بورقيبة
أما بورقيبة فيبدو أن هذه التسمية جاءت لاحقا، بعد سجنه هو الآخر إثر  أحداث 9 أفريل 1938. ويذكر الرشيد إدريس أنه هو الذي أطلق هذا اللقب على بورقيبة عندما كان في السجن، ويبدو أن ذلك كان عام 1938 أو 1939. ومنذئذ التصق هذا الاسم ببورقيبة إلى تنحيته عن سدة الحكم في 7 نوفمبر/تشرين الثاني 1987، وكان يعتبره أحب الألقاب إليه.

ألقاب الزعماء
أطلقت ألقاب على زعماء الحركة الوطنية التونسية ومن أهمها:
 المجاهد الكبير، وهو لقب صالح بن يوسف، الأمين العام للحزب الحر الدستوري التونسي، ومنافس بورقيبة حول اتفاقيات الاستقلال الداخلي.
 زعيم الشباب، وهو لقب علي البلهوان، وذلك أنه كان مختلطا بالشباب بمختلف فئاته وخاصة منه الشباب التلمذي حيث كان أستاذا بالمدرسة الصادقية .
 الزعيم المحبوب، وهو لقب المنجي سليم، مدير الحزب الحر الدستوري الجديد والذي تولى في عهد الاستقلال وزارة الخارجية.

ألقاب
سياسة تونس

المجاهد الأكبر


Francisco Javier Vera Manzanares, né le  à Villeta, est un activiste colombien du changement climatique. Il a reçu de nombreuses menaces de mort en raison de son militantisme. Le président colombien Ivan Duque a promis que le gouvernement trouverait les "bandits" derrière les messages Twitter menaçant Francisco.

Francisco est le créateur de Conversaciones con Francisco, une série Instagram d'Instagram Live où il discute avec des personnes concernées du monde entier en train de changer.

Activisme
En novembre 2021, Francisco a participé à la Conférence des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique 2021 où il a rencontré Greta Thunberg. Il a également rencontré Iván Duque Márquez, président de la Colombie, pour discuter de l'accord d'Escazú.

Il est le fondateur de Guardianes por la Vida, un mouvement social d'enfants luttant contre le changement climatique.

Voir aussi
 Genesis Butler

Références

Personnalité liée au développement durable
Personnalité végétalienne
Naissance en juillet 2008
Naissance à Colombo

Francisco Vera


An Scleria ovinux in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jean Raynal ngan Francis Raymond Fosberg. An Scleria ovinux in nahilalakip ha genus nga Scleria, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha New Caledonia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Scleria

Scleria ovinux


Evy Poppe, né le  à Gand en Belgique, est une snowboardeuse belge.

Biographie
Evy Poppe est originaire de Gand. Elle remporte la médaille d'or en slopestyle lors des Jeux olympiques de la jeunesse de 2020 à Lausanne. Elle y obtient 94,00 points lors de sa dernière descente et bat la Néerlandaise Melissa Pepperkamp de 2,25 points. En 2021, elle remporte la médaille d'or en slopestyle lors des Championnats du monde junior de snowboard de la FIS.

Palmarès

Jeux olympiques

Coupe du monde
 1 podium en big air.

Jeux olympiques de la jeunesse
Lausanne 2020 :
 Médaille d'or en slopestyle.

Championnats du monde junior
Kläppen 2019 :
 Médaille de bronze en big air.

Krasnoïarsk 2021 :
 Médaille d'or en slopestyle.
 Médaille de bronze en big air.

Références

Liens externes

Snowboardeuse belge
Snowboardeuse aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022
Naissance en mars 2004
Naissance à Gand

Evy Poppe


Twenty20, ofte forkortet til T20, er en kort form for cricket. I en Twenty20 kamp spiller begge hold en inning hver, som højst består af 20 overs.

En typisk Twenty20 kamp varer omkring tre og en halv time, hvor hver inning varer ca. 90 minutter med en pause på ca. 20 minutter i mellem hver inning.

Cricket

Twenty20


كيث دايتون  (1949-) جنرال أمريكي استدعي بعد وصول حماس إلى السلطة  مهمته تدريب القوات الفلسطينية للسيطرة على الأمن وبسط سيطرة الحكومة الفلسطينية على أراضيها  وهو مقيم في القدس.

جنرال كيث دايتون، جنرال في الجيش الأمريكي، حالياً المنسق الأمنى الأمريكي للشئون الإسرائيلية الفلسطينية في تل أبيب - إسرائيل خدم كقائد في قوات المسح في العراق، وعضو في الملحق الدفاعى في سفارة الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية في موسكو - روسيا وسبق له أن عمل في فرع التدريب حول السياسة السوفياتية، وفي ميدان التفتيش عن الأسلحة العراقية، وهو يتقن اللغة الروسية حاصل على الشهادة الأولى في التاريخ، وعلى درجة الماجستير في العلاقات الدولية.

درب دايتون قوات في الأراضى الأردنية مهمتها المعلنة هي بسط السيطرة في الضفة الغربية

المصادر

احداث معاصرة

وصلات خارجية
 جمهورية دايتون الفلسطينية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من وكالة استخبارات الدفاع
أفراد الجيش الأمريكي في حرب العراق
جنرالات الجيش الأمريكي
حائزون على وسام الاستحقاق الأمريكي
حائزون على وسام الخدمة المتميزة (جيش الولايات المتحدة)
حاصلون على ميدالية الدفاع للخدمة المتفوقة
خريجو جامعة جنوب كاليفورنيا
خريجو جامعة كامبريدج
خريجو جامعة هارفارد
خريجو كلية وليام وماري
سفراء الولايات المتحدة لدى أوكرانيا
مواليد 1949
حاصلون على ميدالية الخدمة الدفاعية المتميزة

كيث دايتون