The 1995 Atlantic hurricane season was an extremely active Atlantic hurricane season, and is considered to be the start of an ongoing era of high-activity tropical cyclone formation. The season produced twenty-one tropical cyclones, nineteen named storms, as well as eleven hurricanes and five major hurricanes. The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin. The first tropical cyclone, Hurricane Allison, developed on June 2, while the season's final storm, Hurricane Tanya, transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on November 1. The very active Atlantic hurricane activity in 1995 was caused by La Niña conditions, which also influenced an inactive Pacific hurricane season. It was tied with 1887 Atlantic hurricane season with 19 named storms. And was later in 2010, 2011, and 2012 seasons respectively.

There were four particularly destructive hurricanes during the season, including Luis, Marilyn, Opal and Roxanne. Hurricanes Luis and Marilyn both caused catastrophic damage in the Leeward Islands and Virgin Islands. The former storm was the first hurricane to affect the islands since Hugo in 1989, while the latter was the most devastating cyclone on the Virgin Islands since Hugo as well. Opal, the strongest and most intense storm of the season, caused devastation along portions of the Gulf Coast of the United States. Roxanne, a rare late-season major hurricane, caused significant damage when it made landfall in Quintana Roo. All four aforementioned names were retired following the season. Additionally, Erin produced moderate damage in Florida and into Alabama. Felix generated strong waves, causing heavy beach erosion in the Northeastern United States and drowning nine people. Iris caused flooding that left five deaths in the Lesser Antilles. Collectively, the tropical cyclones of the season caused about $12.74 billion (1995 USD) in damage and at least 182 deaths.

Seasonal forecasts

Pre-season forecasts

Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts such as Dr. William M. Gray and his associates at Colorado State University (CSU) and the Weather Research Center (WRC). A normal season, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has 12.1 named storms; of these, 6.4 reach hurricane strength; and 2.7 major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Additionally, the 1950–2000 CSU average for a normal season is 9.6 named storms, of these 5.9 reach hurricane strength, and 2.3 become major hurricanes.

In December 1994, CSU predicted that only 12 named storms would form and 8 of those would become hurricanes; 3 major hurricanes were projected. CSU noted an above average season due to expectations that the existing El Niño would dissipate, while a La Niña would develop by the summer of 1995. Additionally, the western areas of the Sahara Desert were predicted to have the fourth or fifth rainiest season since 1970. A year with heavier precipitation in this region usually correlates with an active Atlantic hurricane season. In April 1995, CSU revised their forecast, decreasing the number of named storms to 10, hurricanes to 6, and major hurricanes to 2. However, in June, CSU reverted to their December forecast, which called for 12 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes. The forecast by the WRC in early 1995 was 10 named storms and 6 hurricanes, with no prediction on the number of major hurricanes.

Seasonal summary

The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, and activity in 1995 began on the next day with the formation of Hurricane Allison on June 2. It was a well-above average season in which 21 tropical depressions formed, 19 of which attained tropical storm status, and 11 of these attained hurricane status. In addition, five tropical cyclones reached major hurricane status, which was well above the 1950–2005 average of two per season. At the time, only 1933 surpassed the season's total storms, making the season the second most active in recorded history tying with 1887. Following the 2005, 2020, and 2021 seasons, it has been pushed down to the fifth most active season alongside 2010, 2011, and 2012. The 1995 season would be the beginning of an active period in the Atlantic basin, which has lasted for over 20 years. Collectively, the tropical cyclones of this season caused 182 deaths and $12.02 billion in damage. The last storm of the season, Hurricane Tanya, became extratropical on November 1, over four weeks before the official end of the season on November 30.

Tropical cyclogenesis in the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season began with the development of Hurricane Allison on June 2. The month of July was very active, with four tropical cyclones forming. This record of storms in July stood until the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season when five storms formed in July. A total of seven storms formed in August — Felix, Gabrielle, Humberto, Iris, Jerry, Karen, and Luis — tying the 1933 record for most in the month; this record was broken in the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season when eight named storms formed during August. Although September is the climatological peak of hurricane season, it was much less active than August. Four tropical cyclones developed in September, with Marilyn, Noel, and Opal eventually strengthening into hurricanes. Four tropical cyclones also formed in October; notably, Hurricane Roxanne developed in that month. The last storm of the season, Hurricane Tanya, developed later in October and eventually became extratropical on November 1.

The season's activity was reflected with a very high accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 228, the fifth highest value on record, and far above the 1981–2010 median of 92. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration or stronger intensity, such as Felix, Luis, Opal, or Roxanne will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of . Accordingly, tropical depressions are not included here. After the storm has dissipated, typically after the end of the season, the NHC reexamines the data, and produces a final report on each storm. These revisions can lead to a revised ACE total either upward or downward compared to the operational value.

Systems

Hurricane Allison

A westward moving tropical wave reached the Caribbean Sea in late May and gradually organized over the next few days. Around 00:00 UTC on June 3, a tropical depression developed about  east of Belize City, Belize. The depression initially moved northwestward before recurving to the north. The depression entered the Gulf of Mexico and strengthened into Tropical Storm Allison by 12:00 UTC. Despite unfavorable upper-level winds, the storm intensified into a hurricane about 24 hours later. Allison then peaked with maximum sustained winds of  and a minimum barometric pressure of . Increasing wind shear weakened it to a tropical storm early on June 5. At 14:00 UTC, Allison made landfall near Alligator Point, Florida, with winds of . After briefly emerging over Apalachee Bay, Allison struck near St. Marks with winds of . Early on June 6, Allison weakened to a tropical depression, shortly before becoming extratropical. The remnants continued northeastward and later struck Newfoundland before dissipating near Greenland on June 11.

While brushing Cuba, Allison produced wind gusts up to  and as much as  of rainfall. A total of 32 structures were damaged or destroyed, causing one death. In Florida, storm surge heights of  were observed in Dixie and Wakulla counties and  to the east, causing significant beach erosion and damaging 65 homes, 3 hotels, and a restaurant. Elsewhere in Florida, damage was generally minor, totaling only about $860,000. In Georgia, there was minor flooding and tornadoes, one of which caused $800,000 in damage in St. Marys. Some locations in Atlantic Canada reported tropical storm force winds and heavy rainfall.

Tropical Storm Barry

A frontal low situated between Bermuda and South Carolina developed into Tropical Depression Two late on July 6. Strong wind shear initially prevented significant strengthening, though by early on July 7, the depression became Tropical Storm Barry. A nearby trough enhanced convection and caused strengthening, with maximum sustained winds reaching  later that day. Later on July 8, Barry weakened slightly, falling to winds of , an intensity it would retain until landfall. An approaching mid-level trough accelerated the storm as it traveled roughly along the Gulf Stream. Early on July 9, convection began to shift away from the storm's center. While moving rapidly northeastward, Barry made landfall in Hart Island, Nova Scotia, late on July 9.

It weakened slightly and made landfall on Cape Breton Island less than an hour later. Cold water caused deep convection to diminish as it was making landfall, and the storm lost most remaining tropical characteristics as it tracked toward Newfoundland. Barry was declared extratropical early on July 10 near the west coast of Newfoundland. As a fast-moving and weakening extratropical cyclone, the system remained distinct until it passed across the east coast of Labrador, when it dissipated. Tropical storm force winds were recorded at Fourchu, Nova Scotia, as well as wind gusts up to  at Port aux Basques, Newfoundland. Barry dropped significant rainfall, peaking at  in Nova Scotia, with lesser totals at several other locations.

Tropical Storm Chantal

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on July 5. During the next week, the wave improved on satellite imagery and developed into a tropical depression about  east-northeast of Guadeloupe on July 12. The depression quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Chantal. Initially, Chantal threatened the Bahamas, and the Government of the Bahamas issued tropical storm watches and warnings, which were in effect for the southeast and central islands as well as the Turks and Caicos Islands. However, Chantal re-curved to the north and did not directly affect the Bahamas. After the cyclone turned northward, it threatened Bermuda, which prompted a tropical storm watch for the island on July 16. The watch was canceled on July 18 as the storm passed well northwest of the island.

By early on July 17, Chantal attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of  and a minimum barometric pressure of . Thereafter, the storm began weakening and slowly losing tropical characteristics. At 18:00 UTC on July 20, Chantal transitioned into an extratropical storm about  east-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The remnants continued rapidly northeastward and later east-northeastward, before dissipating west of the British Isles on July 22. Although Chantal remained well offshore, the storm dropped heavy rainfall in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, peaking at  on the Burin Peninsula. Further west in Nova Scotia, heavier precipitation was reported, peaking at  near Barrington.

Tropical Storm Dean

A stationary front in the Gulf of Mexico developed an upper-level circulation. By July 28, the system organized enough to be classified as Tropical Depression Four. Despite favorable conditions, the depression tracked westward without significantly intensifying, due to the poor organization of the storm itself. As the depression curved west-northwestward, it began to strengthen and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dean while located only  from the Texas coastline on July 30. The system made landfall early on July 31 near Freeport with winds of  and a minimum barometric pressure of . Shortly thereafter, Dean weakened back to a tropical depression. The storm continued to slowly weaken as it moved northwestward, dissipating on August 2 near the Texas–Oklahoma border.

Storm surge caused minor coastal flooding, especially on Galveston Island. Dean produced a large swath of rainfall between , while some areas received more than . Precipitation from the storm caused moderate localized flood damage. A total of 20 families in Chambers County evacuated, while 38 houses in the southeastern portions of Texas were flooded. Two tornadoes were also reported in the state, but neither caused significant damage. In Oklahoma, heavy rainfall flooded more than 40 houses and left about 24 cars stranded. At least three highways suffered significant flooding, while other minor roads were closed for several days. Outside of Oklahoma and Texas, the remnants of the storm dropped rainfall in several Midwestern states, though minimal damage occurred. Despite the flooding, property damage estimates were only $500,000, while one fatality occurred.

Hurricane Erin

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on July 22 and headed toward the Leeward Islands, where the system nearly developed into a tropical cyclone but was inhibited by vertical wind shear. By July 31, the system was classified as Tropical Storm Erin while just west of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Despite effects from wind shear, Erin continued to strengthen as it moved northwestward and was upgraded to a hurricane later on July 31. Further intensification occurred, and Erin reached winds of  before making landfall near Vero Beach, Florida, on August 1. The storm emerged over the Gulf of Mexico after weakening back to a tropical storm, though it quickly re-strengthened into a hurricane. Shortly before making landfall near Pensacola Beach, Florida on August 3, Erin briefly intensified into a Category 2 hurricane. After moving inland, Erin slowly weakened as it tracked across the Southern United States and Midwestern United States. By August 6, Erin merged with a frontal system over West Virginia.

Erin was the first hurricane to strike the United States since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. In Jamaica, the outer bands of Erin produced heavy rainfall on the island, which caused a plane crash, killing five people; two other fatalities occurred when two people were struck by lightning. Although many islands in the Bahamas experienced high winds and heavy rainfall, damage associated with Erin was fairly minor. Offshore of Florida, nine people drowned, three of which occurred after a cruise ship sunk. Over land, high winds produced by Erin damaged over 2,000 houses, most of which were in the Florida Panhandle. In addition, strong winds left over one million people without electricity. Several tornadoes were spawned in the state, causing damage. In Alabama, more than 100 houses were damaged by Erin. Between 50 and 75 percent of the pecan crop in Baldwin County was lost. Similar impact also occurred in Mississippi, although to a lesser degree. Elsewhere, some areas of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States experienced heavy rainfall. Overall, Erin caused 13 fatalities and $700 million in damage.

Tropical Depression Six

The southern part of the tropical wave that spawned Hurricane Erin continued into the Caribbean Sea in late July. By August 4, the system entered the Bay of Campeche and developed into Tropical Depression Six on August 5. The depression moved slowly over Mexico and gradually intensified that day and August 6. Satellite intensity estimated showed the depression was likely just below the threshold of tropical storm status. However, late on August 6, the depression made landfall in Cabo Rojo, Veracruz. The depression slowly weakened inland and dissipated late on August 7. The depression and the precursor tropical wave dropped heavy rainfall in some areas of Mexico. Precipitation from the precursor system peaked at  in Escuintla, Chiapas, while rainfall from the depression itself peaked at  in Tlaxco, Puebla. Some localized flooding may have occurred near the path of the depression.

Hurricane Felix

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on August 6 developed into Tropical Depression Seven on August 8 while located about  west-southwest of the Cape Verde Islands. The depression moved west-northwestward due to a subtropical ridge and deepened into Tropical Storm Felix later that day. Further intensification was slower, with Felix reaching hurricane status on August 11. Due to warm sea surface temperatures and light wind shear, Felix began to rapidly strengthen as it was curving northwestward. Late on August 12, Felix peaked with maximum sustained winds of  and a minimum barometric pressure of . Felix weakened over the next few days back to a Category 1 hurricane on August 14, after an eyewall replacement cycle and an increase in wind shear.

The storm posed a significant threat to Bermuda, warranting a hurricane warning between August 14 and August 15. During the latter date, Felix passed only  to the southwest of the island. Continuing on its northwest trek, the cyclone also temporarily prompted preparations along the East Coast of the United States. However, the storm curved northward and then east-northeastward while remaining offshore. Felix briefly threatened Bermuda again, but turned back to the northeast and weakened to a tropical storm on August 20. It accelerated east-northeastward and passed a short distance offshore of Newfoundland, where it transitioned into an extratropical storm on August 22. The remnants of Felix continued northeastward across the Atlantic until dissipating near Shetland on August 25.

Large waves in Puerto Rico caused minor coastal flooding in Cataño. On Bermuda, the storm produced near-hurricane-force winds, which downed trees and power lines, and left 20,000 people without power. Rough surf was also reported on Bermuda, which damaged a few boats and hotels. In addition, the passage of Felix postponed Bermuda's 1995 independence referendum. In the United States, Felix generated large waves from northeast Florida to Maine. In New York, two houses were washed away in The Hamptons, while 20 to 30 houses in North Carolina experienced minor damage from rough seas. While passing southeast of Newfoundland, Felix produced moderate rainfall and large waves across the island, although damage was minimal. Overall, Felix caused eight deaths due to drowning along the coasts of North Carolina and New Jersey, and $132,000 in damage.

Tropical Storm Gabrielle

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa in late July 1995 and entered the Gulf of Mexico on August 8. On the following day, the system developed a weak low-level circulation and was declared Tropical Depression Eight while in the western Gulf of Mexico. The depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Gabrielle on August 10. Gabrielle continued to rapidly strengthen as it tracked toward the coast of Mexico, nearly becoming a hurricane late on August 11. However, Gabrielle made landfall near La Pesca, Tamaulipas, Mexico two hours later, which prevented further strengthening. Gabrielle rapidly weakened inland and dissipated early on August 12.

Gabrielle dropped heavy rainfall in Mexico, where some areas possibly experienced more than  of precipitation. However, according to the Weather Prediction Center (WPC), rainfall peaked at  in southern Tamaulipas. Despite the large amounts of precipitation, it was considered beneficial due to drought conditions in some areas, especially in Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon. However, in other nearby areas, the heavy rainfall flooded streets and destroyed roadways and bridges. Further north, Gabrielle dropped light to moderate rainfall in Texas. Gabrielle caused six fatalities in Mexico, while the damage figure is unknown.

Hurricane Humberto

On August 19, a tropical wave crossed over Dakar, Senegal, shortly before entering into the Atlantic Ocean. The wave quickly organized once in the Atlantic and developed into Tropical Depression Nine on August 22. Due to low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Humberto six hours later. It continued west-northwestward and then westward under the influence of a mid-level trough. Early on August 23, Humberto intensified into a hurricane. By early on August 24 the storm developed a well-defined eye after becoming a Category 2 hurricane.

After peaking with winds of  on August 24, Humberto began a fujiwhara interaction with Hurricane Iris. This generated shear on Humberto, causing the storm to weaken back to a Category 1 hurricane on August 26. Humberto continued to weaken until August 28, when it was barely a hurricane. Operationally, Humberto was erroneously downgraded to a tropical storm on that same day. Thereafter, the storm began restrengthening and reached a secondary peak slightly below the threshold for a Category 2 hurricane on August 30. While tracking northeastward, Humberto began weakening and acquiring extratropical characteristics starting on the following day. Later on August 31, Humberto weakened to a tropical storm. By 06:00 UTC on September 1, the storm was absorbed by an extratropical low while west of the Azores. Humberto was the second of four tropical waves in quick succession in the tropical Atlantic that all eventually became tropical storms or hurricanes; it was preceded by the wave that became Iris, and followed by the waves that became Karen and Luis. It was also the first of three tropical cyclones to form within a 24-hour period on August 21 and 22; Iris formed 12 hours later and Jerry formed 18 hours later. It was also the first of five named storms to form within a seven-day period; Karen formed on August 26 and Luis on August 28.

Hurricane Iris

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on August 16. It rapidly developed a closed circulation, though convection diminished a few days after the wave entered the Atlantic. However, convection began to re-develop and by 12:00 UTC on August 22, the system developed into Tropical Depression Ten. Six hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Iris. Thereafter, Iris continued to intensify and became a hurricane later on August 23. After reaching winds of , the storm began to weaken during a Fujiwhara interaction with Hurricane Humberto, causing Iris to be downgraded to a tropical storm on August 24. Iris continued to steadily weaken as it approached the Lesser Antilles. After making a direct hit on Saint Lucia and Martinique on August 26, steering currents produced by a trough forced Iris north-northwestward; this caused it to brush Dominica and Guadeloupe and make landfall in Antigua and Barbuda on August 27. Around the time, Iris began restrengthening due to a decrease in wind shear and became a hurricane again on August 28.

It is possible that the forward motion of the storm became slightly erratic after a Fujiwhara interaction began with Tropical Storm Karen. By September 1, Iris peaked as a  Category 2 hurricane. After curving north-northeastward, Iris began to weaken after encountering increasing wind shear and decreasing sea surface temperatures. Nonetheless, it was still able to absorb Tropical Depression Karen on September 3. By early on the following day, Iris weakened to a tropical storm, six hours before becoming extratropical, while centered southeast of Newfoundland. While crossing through the Leeward Islands, Iris produced heavy rainfall. High waves in Trinidad caused coastal flooding and damage to boats. In Martinique, significant amounts of precipitation led to flooding and landslides. Four fatalities were reported on that island, two of which occurred after mudslides push a house off a cliff. Flooding was also reported in coastal areas, resulting in heavy damage in Le Vauclin. On Guadeloupe, the only island to record tropical storm force winds, one fatality occurred after a person drowned in a flooded river. Rainfall in Antigua damaged banana trees and caused flooding in low-lying areas.

Tropical Storm Jerry

A tropical wave which emerged off of Africa began convective organization in the vicinity of the Bahamas. On August 23, the system was declared Tropical Depression Eleven while located between Florida and Andros Island. The depression strengthened as it headed north-northwestward, despite only marginally favorable conditions. On the following day, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Jerry while located only  offshore Florida. At 18:00 UTC on August 23, the storm made landfall later near Jupiter, Florida, as a minimal tropical storm with winds of . Jerry slowly weakened and was downgraded to a tropical depression late on August 24. After drifting across Florida, the cyclone briefly emerged over the Gulf of Mexico, but then headed northward and back inland. Jerry meandered over Georgia and eventually dissipated on August 28.

Jerry dropped heavy rainfall in Florida, especially in the southern portion of the state, where  of precipitation fell in Golden Gate. Although the storm struck the east coast of the state, much of the damage in Florida occurred in Collier County. In that county, 340 houses were damaged and 12 others were destroyed due to flooding. Other nearby counties also reported flood damage, albeit less severe. Agricultural damage was also reported in southwest Florida, primarily to citrus crops. The storm also spawned two tornadoes in West Central Florida, though neither caused any damage. Heavy rainfall also occurred in Georgia, with some areas experiencing over  of rain. The remnants of Jerry produced heavy precipitation in North and South Carolina, with  observed in Antreville, South Carolina. In both states, many roads were flooded and numerous buildings and houses were damaged, especially in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas of North Carolina. Overall, there were eight fatalities and $40 million in damage associated with Jerry.

Tropical Storm Karen

On August 23, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. Shortly after entering the Atlantic, the tropical wave developed into a low-pressure area. Over the next few days, the cloud pattern associated with the system fluctuated in organization and a tropical depression may have developed as early as August 24. Two days later, satellite imagery indicated a well-defined low-level cloud center. As a result, it is estimated that Tropical Depression Twelve developed at 12:00 UTC on August 26. The depression slowly intensified as it tracked west-northwestward under the influence of low- to mid-level flow. Although sea surface temperatures were warm, outflow from Hurricane Humberto may have slowed further strengthening of the depression.

The depression finally began to develop bands north of the center on August 27, though overall, the deep convection remained disorganized; the circulation of the depression also became elongated. Around 06:00 UTC on August 28, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Karen. Early on the following day, Karen peaked with maximum sustained winds of . By August 31, Karen north-northwestward around the circulation of Hurricane Iris and thus, a Fujiwhara interaction began. As the storm was approaching Iris, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began predicting on September 1 that Karen would merge with the former. On the following day, Karen weakened to a tropical depression. Early on September 3, Karen lost its well-defined center and merged with Iris at 06:00 UTC, while centered near Bermuda.

Hurricane Luis

A westward-moving tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Thirteen at 18:00 UTC on August 28. Initially, strong vertical shear hindered the depression from strengthening significantly; by early on August 29, however, it acquired sufficient organization to be named Tropical Storm Luis. The storm continued to strengthen slowly until wind shear decreased on August 30, causing Luis to become a hurricane later that day. By September 1, Luis became a major hurricane after it reached Category 3 intensity. Later that day, Luis was further upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane. Early on September 3, maximum sustained winds reached , though the lowest pressure in relation to Luis was not recorded until September 8. After weakening slightly, Luis passed near Antigua and made landfall in Barbuda early on September 5, before brushing Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, and Anguilla. After remaining a major hurricane for a week, Luis weakened to a Category 2 hurricane while northeast of the Bahamas on September 8; the weakening was possibly as a result of the storm crossing over decreasing ocean temperature due to upwelling from Hurricane Felix. On September 10, Luis rapidly accelerated northeastward and weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Luis made landfall on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland early on September 11. While crossing the island, cold, dry air began impacting the storm, causing it to rapidly become extratropical and merge with a frontal zone shortly after reentering the Atlantic Ocean.

Strong winds and high waves wreaked havoc on several islands in the Lesser Antilles. In Antigua and Barbuda, winds reaching  damaged numerous houses on Barbuda and destroyed nearly 45% of residences on Antigua. An estimated 1,700 people were forced to flee to shelters and about 3,200 others were left homeless. Within Antigua and Barbuda alone, three fatalities occurred, 165 people were injured, and damage totaled to $350 million. Strong winds in Guadeloupe caused moderate damage to homes and trees, especially in the Grande-Terre region. At Basse-Terre, nearly 100% of the banana crop was destroyed. Heavy rainfall in this portion of the island caused significant damage to roads. High waves also caused significant coastal flooding on the west coast of the island. About $50 million in damage was reported and one fatality occurred. The most significant effects occurred in the Netherlands Antilles, especially on Saint Martin – including both the French and Dutch side of the island. Approximately 60% of buildings were damaged to some degree. Additionally, severe disruption to utility services was reported, including water, electricity, and telephone service. Nine deaths and $1.8 billion in damage was reported on the island.

In Dominica, storm surge left 1,000 people homeless and $47 million in property losses. Winds exceeding  caused severe impact in eastern Puerto Rico, especially Culebra. The area was left without electricity and 350 houses were extensively damaged or destroyed. On the main island, effects were primarily limited to downed trees and power lines on highways and electrical outages at about 200,000 houses. Throughout Puerto Rico, damaged reached $200 million and there were two deaths. Similarly strong winds lashed the United States Virgin Islands. Saint Thomas suffered the worst, where 75%–80% of houses were severely damaged or destroyed. The island's hospital was flooded. Damage in the United States Virgin Islands was estimated at $300 million. Lesser effects occurred in the British Virgin Islands. Several homes were deroofed, especially on Anegada and Virgin Gorda. There were a number of telephone and electrical outages after a number of poles were toppled. In the United States, storm surge and high tides were reported along the East Coast, leading to two drowning deaths—one in North Carolina and the other in New York. In the former state, eight homes were swept into the ocean and damage reached $1.9 million. The storm also brought minor flooding to Newfoundland, with one death and $500,000 in damage. In addition, Luis was the earliest twelfth-named storm on record at the time. However, this record has since been broken by Hurricane Laura in 2020.

Tropical Depression Fourteen

A tropical wave exited the coast of Africa on September 4 and tracked westward across the Atlantic. The system gradually organized and became a tropical depression on September 9. However, the NHC did not operationally declare the system as Tropical Depression Fourteen until September 11, while the system was centered  southeast of Bermuda. Although the National Hurricane Center predicted that it would intensify into a tropical storm, it was also noted shortly after advisories were initiated that "this might have been the only opportunity to name this depression." The depression moved toward the northwest and encountered strong upper-level winds which removed the convection from the low-level center on September 13, causing the storm to dissipate.

Hurricane Marilyn

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa and entered into the Atlantic Ocean between September 7 and September 8. Although it had a large circulation, deep convection was minimal. After tracking steadily westward over the next few days, the system began developing convection. By 18:00 UTC on September 12, the system became Tropical Depression Fifteen, while centered about  east-southeast of Barbados. The depression strengthened and became Tropical Storm Marilyn six hours later. Early on September 14, Marilyn further intensified to a hurricane. Later that day, Marilyn made landfall near Jenny Point, Dominica, with winds of  at 21:00 UTC. Shortly thereafter, Marilyn entered the Caribbean Sea. While approaching the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, the storm became a Category 2 hurricane. After avoiding landfall, Marilyn re-entered into the Atlantic Ocean on September 16. The storm continued to intensify and early on September 17, it peaked as a minimal Category 3 hurricane. While curving northward, Marilyn fluctuated in intensity until beginning a weakening trend on September 20. The storm turned east-northeastward, and by the following day, it weakened to a tropical storm. By 06:00 UTC on September 22, Marilyn became extratropical while about  southeast of Sable Island. The remnants of Marilyn lasted until merging with a cold front on October 1.

Throughout the Lesser Antilles, the storm produced high winds and heavy rainfall. After Hurricane Luis destroyed 90% of Dominica's banana crop, Marilyn ruined the remaining 10%. In addition, a roof was torn off an emergency shelter. On Martinique, moderate rainfall and tropical storm force winds were recorded, though no damage or fatalities occurred. Effects in Guadeloupe were similar, but more intense. In Saint-Claude,  of rain fell, which was the highest precipitation total associated with Marilyn. Wind speeds measured on Guadeloupe were also tropical storm force, with sustained winds of  in Marie-Galante. Similar but lesser winds and rain occurred in Saint Barthélemy and Sint Maarten. However, the United States possessions, were, by far, suffered the most damage. Strong winds damaged or destroyed at least 80% of buildings on St. Thomas, which left 10,000 people homeless. Storm surge in the Charlotte Amalie harbor beached the USCGC Point Ledge and damaged many smaller boats. Moderate to severe damage was also reported on St. Croix and St. John, where 20–30% of houses were damaged. On Culebra, an offshore island of Puerto Rico, wind gusts as high as  were reported. As a result, light planes were overturned and 250 homes were either damaged or destroyed. Large waves also caused street flooding on the island. Flash floods on the main island of Puerto Rico sent rivers above their banks. Moderate winds and rainfall on Antigua caused extensive damage to banana crops. While the storm bypassed Bermuda, tropical storm force winds were reported but no damage occurred. Overall, Marilyn caused at least 13 fatalities and $2.1 billion in damage.

Hurricane Noel

A tropical wave exited Africa on September 22 and within three days began to develop organized convection. After a low-level circulation formed, the system developed into Tropical Depression Sixteen late on September 26. Despite the presence of wind shear, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Noel on September 27. Moving northwestward, it gradually intensified to hurricane status by September 28, with peak winds of . After remaining a hurricane for 42 hours, during which it turned to the northeast, Noel weakened to tropical storm strength due to increased wind shear.

Although forecast to weaken to a tropical depression, Noel maintained minimal tropical storm intensity as it curved to the northwest. Following a decrease in shear, Noel regained hurricane status on October 5 about  west-southwest of the Azores. It turned to the east, and the return of unfavorable conditions caused it to weaken to a tropical storm by October 6. A day later, Noel weakened below tropical storm strength as it transitioned to an extratropical cyclone. The remnants lasted until late on October 7 until they were absorbed by a cold front.

Hurricane Opal

On September 11, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. The wave remained disorganized until nearing the Yucatán Peninsula, where it became a tropical depression on September 27 while  south-southeast of Cozumel. The depression slowly moved over the Yucatán Peninsula for a few days, eventually emerging off the north coast, where it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Opal on September 30. After becoming a hurricane on October 2, the cyclone rapidly intensified and began moving north across the Gulf of Mexico. At 10:00 UTC on October 4, Opal peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of  and a minimum barometric pressure of . Shortly thereafter, the storm began weakening. Upon making landfall in Pensacola Beach, Florida, around 22:00 UTC on October 4, winds had decreased to , which is Category 3 intensity. Opal weakened rapidly after moving inland, deteriorating to a tropical storm early on October 5 and then to a tropical depression about six hours later. At 18:00 UTC on October 5, Opal became extratropical over Kentucky. The extratropical storm dissipated over Ontario on October 6.

The precursor and initial stages of Opal brought heavy rainfall and flooding to Guatemala and Mexico. In the former, rivers near the border with Mexico overflowed, resulting in the evacuation of 110 families in Tecún Umán. Approximately 34,000 people were left homeless. Landslides left damage to infrastructure and agriculture, with about $17 million in crop damage alone. Thirty-one deaths occurred in Guatemala. In Mexico, more than 42,000 people were forced to evacuate as rivers overtopped their banks in Campeche and Tabasco, while an estimated 100,000 people evacuated due to the storm. Around 500,000 acres of crops had been destroyed by the floods. Agricultural losses in Campeche alone were estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Nineteen fatalities were reported in Mexico. In Florida, strong winds and storm surge left severe damage in the panhandle. From Wakulla County westward, many structures including homes and buildings were swept away or suffered some degree of damage. In Escambia, Okaloosa, and Santa Rosa counties, nearly 300 homes were destroyed and 1,000 others suffered major damage. The storm left at least $2.1 billion in damage in Florida.

In Alabama, storm surge ranging from  left significant damage in coastal counties. Inland, tropical storm force winds gusts were observed as far north as Huntsville. Numerous trees and power lines were downed in several counties, leaving 2.6 million people across the state without electricity at the height of the storm. Downed trees also damaged some dwellings, primarily mobile homes. Several short-lived tornadoes destroyed over 125 homes, while 150 others suffered major damage. It was estimated that the storm caused over $182 million in damage in Alabama. Strong wind gusts were reported in northern Georgia, with a gust of  at Marietta. There were more than 1,200 telephone poles knocked down and almost 5,000 power lines snapped. Wind damage in Rabun County alone reached about $5 million, while the pecan crop suffered around $50 million in damage. Several other states reported lesser wind damage and flooding. Throughout the United States, Opal caused approximately $4.7 billion in damage and 27 fatalities, including 14 in Georgia, 6 in Alabama, 5 in Florida, and 2 in North Carolina.

Tropical Storm Pablo

A tropical wave crossed the west coast of Africa and entered into the Atlantic Ocean on October 3. It quickly acquired a low-level circulation and by the following day, it developed into Tropical Depression Eighteen. Under the influence of deep easterlies, the storm tracked west-northwest and westward across the southern portions of the Atlantic Ocean. At 12:00 UTC on October 5, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Pablo. After becoming a tropical storm, Pablo developed well-defined outflow and the possibility of it strengthening into a hurricane seemed likely.

Although strong upper-level westerlies were ahead of the storm, it was still predicted that Pablo would reach hurricane status. By 12:00 UTC on October 6, Pablo peaked as a  tropical storm. However, shortly thereafter, strong vertical shear then diminished much of the deep convection associated with the storm. Early on October 7, Pablo managed to re-develop some deep convection, though it did not restrengthen. Later that day, the low level circulation became indiscernible on infrared imagery. By 12:00 UTC on October 8, Pablo weakened to a tropical depression. Six hours later, Pablo dissipated while approaching the Windward Islands.

Hurricane Roxanne

A tropical wave merged with a broad low pressure area and an upper trough near Honduras. The system quickly organized into Tropical Depression Nineteen on October 7. The depression brushed Central America before curving northward, where it strengthened into Tropical Storm Roxanne on October 9. Roxanne posed a threat to Cuba and the Cayman Islands, which briefly prompted the issuance of a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch. However, a high pressure system forced Roxanne to tracked generally westward, which prevented it from significantly affecting the aforementioned islands. After becoming a hurricane on October 10, Roxanne began to rapidly strengthen. Later that day, the storm peaked as a minimal Category 3 hurricane, with winds of .

By 02:00 UTC on October 11, Roxanne made landfall just north of Tulum, Quintana Roo, on the Yucatán Peninsula with winds of . The storm significantly weakened inland and emerged into the Bay of Campeche as a tropical storm. Several shortwave troughs and ridges caused Roxanne to track aimlessly through the southern Gulf of Mexico. By October 14, it re-strengthened into a hurricane. After making a close approach to the Yucatán Peninsula while heading southeastward, Roxanne weakened to a tropical storm on October 17 as it doubled back to the northwest. A cold front forced Roxanne westward on October 19, and it simultaneously weakened to a tropical depression. The cyclone curved abruptly southward and dissipated just offshore of Veracruz on October 21.

In the Gulf of Mexico, a petroleum work barge with 245 people on board capsized, causing five people to drown. Due to its erratic movement, Roxanne dropped heavy rainfall in many areas of southern Mexico, and some areas reported over  of precipitation. Extensive flooding occurred as a result, which destroyed crops, washed out roads, and damaged at least 40,000 homes. In addition, significant coastal flooding also occurred, as storm surge for nearly a week caused water to travel inland for hundreds of yards. High winds also occurred over the Yucatán Peninsula, with one station reporting hurricane-force winds on October 11. Unconfirmed reports also indicated that many hotel lobbies in Cancun and Cozumel were damaged from pounding waves. Overall, Roxanne caused $1.5 billion in damage and 29 fatalities. However, not all damage could be distinguished from Hurricane Opal.

Tropical Storm Sebastien

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on October 13 and moved across the Atlantic. On October 20, it was declared a depression after shower activity increased. Twelve hours after forming, the depression became Tropical Storm Sebastien. It organized and developed good outflow. Although wind shear was expected to limit intensification, the storm instead intensified and peaked with maximum sustained winds of  late on October 22, based on a ship report. At the time, most of the convection was sheared away from the center, and the storm was interacting with a low pressure area near Puerto Rico. The storm initially moved northwestward, before turning to the southwest along the low-level flow and into an area of increasing shear. On October 24, Sebastien weakened into a tropical depression, and it maintained this intensity until landfall on Anguilla. The next day, the system dissipated near the United States Virgin Islands, although the remnants continued westward.

As it turned towards the Caribbean, the NHC issued a tropical storm watch for the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands. Other islands were on alert as the NHC stated that the watch area may need to be expanded. Still recovering from Hurricane Marilyn less than a month prior, residents living in damaged homes reportedly evacuated their homes. However, the watch was discontinued 24 hours later after the storm weakened to a tropical depression. The remnants of Sebastien produced moderate rainfall across parts of Puerto Rico, peaking at  in Quebradillas.

Hurricane Tanya

Early on October 27, a tropical wave developed into a tropical depression. The system strengthened into Tropical Storm Tanya later that day. Tanya initially tracked northeastward due to a shortwave trough, though an upper-level cyclone soon turned the storm toward eastward. Early on October 29, Tanya was upgraded to a hurricane. On the following day, a cold front to the west forced the cyclone to accelerate northeastward. Despite slightly cooler water, Tanya strengthened a bit more that afternoon, reaching its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of  and a minimum barometric pressure of . That intensity was maintained until late on October 31, when the storm weakened as it traveled over cooler waters. Early on November 1, Tanya began to lose tropical characteristics while heading rapidly northeast towards the Azores. The system was downgraded to a tropical storm on November 1. That evening, Tanya became extratropical near the central Azores. The remnants turned northward and were absorbed by another extratropical cyclone early on November 3.

In the Azores, Tanya tore roofs off houses and downed trees, and light posts flew through houses and buildings. One death by drowning was reported, as well as several injuries. The islands of Faial, Pico, São Jorge, and Terceira were hardest hit, where the storm sank numerous boats and knocked down trees and power lines, which severely disrupted electricity and telecommunications. Additionally, several houses were damaged and moderate crop losses were reported.

Storm names
The following names were used for named storms that formed in the north Atlantic in 1995. The names not retired from this list were used again in the 2001 season. This is the same list used for the 1989 season except Humberto, which replaced Hugo. Storms were named Humberto, Luis, Marilyn, Noel, Opal, Pablo, Roxanne, Sebastien, and Tanya for the first time in 1995 (and only, in the cases of Luis, Marilyn, Opal and Roxanne). This was the first time since forecasters began assigning Given names to tropical storms in 1953 that names starting with the letters O through T were used.

Retirement

The World Meteorological Organization retired four names in the spring of 1996: Luis, Marilyn, Opal & Roxanne. They were replaced in the 2001 season by Lorenzo, Michelle, Olga, and Rebekah. With four names retired, the 1995 season is tied with the 1955, 2004 and 2017 seasons for the second most storm names retired after a single season in the Atlantic basin, only being surpassed by the 2005 season, where five names were retired. Rebekah was not used in 2001, and would not be used until the 2019 season.

Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, intensities, areas affected, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low, and all of the damage figures are in 1995 USD.

See also

 Tropical cyclones in 1995
 1995 Pacific hurricane season
 1995 Pacific typhoon season
 1995 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1994–95, 1995–96
 Australian region cyclone seasons: 1994–95, 1995–96
 South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1994–95, 1995–96
 South Atlantic tropical cyclone
 Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 Monthly Weather Review
 Detailed information on all storms from 1995

Articles which contain graphical timelines

1995 Atlantic hurricane season


Ryder System, Inc., commonly known as Ryder, is an American transportation and logistics company. It is known for its fleet of commercial rental trucks.

Ryder specializes in fleet management, supply chain management, and transportation management. It also offers full-service leasing, rental and maintenance, used vehicle sales, transportation management, professional drivers, e-commerce fulfillment, and last-mile delivery services. Ryder operates in North America, and the United Kingdom. Ryder's headquarters are located in Miami-Dade, Florida.

History
Ryder was founded in Miami, Florida in 1933 by James Ryder as a concrete hauling company with one truck, a 1931 Model "A" Ford. In 1938, Ryder signed a five-truck lease deal with Champagne Velvet Beer, increasing Ryder's fleet to 20 trucks. By the following year, the fleet had more than 50 trucks. This led to Ryder changing its focus from distribution to leasing. Ryder bought Great Southern Trucking Company in 1952. In 1955, Ryder System, Inc. was formed to combine Great Southern and Ryder Truck Rental. Ryder System went public in 1955. In the 1960s and 1970s, Ryder expanded into distribution and supply chain. James Ryder retired in 1978.

The Ryder Charitable Foundation was established in 1984. Since that time it has supported :Women in Trucking, Truckers Against Trafficking, the United Way, Hiring Our Heroes, and Big Brothers Big Sisters. the Jackson health Foundation, and the American Red Cross.
In 1996, Ryder decided to focus on commercial truck rental and leasing, and exited the "one-way" business arena; which was purchased by equity firm Questor Partners Fund LP, who later sold it to Budget Truck Rental in June 1998. In 2008, Ryder acquired three regional competitors: Pollock NationaLease, Lily Transportation and Gator Leasing.

In December 2011, the non-partisan organization Public Campaign criticized Ryder for spending $0.96 million on lobbying and not paying any taxes during
2008–2010, instead getting $46 million in tax rebates, despite making a profit of $627 million.

In 2017 Ryder launched electric truck rentals in California, and Chicago, Illinois. The trucks were equipped with 70kWh batteries, which had an estimated range of 100 miles. Ryder is the exclusive maintenance provider for Workhorse's electric fleet in North America, first launched in the San Francisco Bay area in 2018.

In April 2018, Ryder acquired Ohio-based MXD Group, an e-commerce fulfillment and last mile delivery provider with a network of 109 fulfillment centers across the United States and Canada. In May of that year, Ryder introduced RyderGyde™, a smartphone app for drivers and fleet managers to monitor and manage their fleets. In November 2018, the company ordered 1,000 electric trucks to add to their fleet. In May 2020 RyderShare was introduced as a collaborative logistics platform.

In January 2020 Ryder began a partnership with In-Charge Energy, Inc. and ABB, a provider of industrial automation and technology to provide electric vehicle charging to Ryder's customers. In June 2020 Ryder began a partnership with Turvo, a provider of collaborative logistics software

In January 2022, Ryder completed the acquisition of Whiplash (formerly Port Logistics Group]) for approximately $480 million in cash.

In October 2023, Ryder acquired Impact Fulfillment Services to add contract packaging and manufacturing capabilities.

Business
Ryder divides its business into three segments: Fleet Management Solutions, Supply Chain Solutions, and Dedicated Transportation Solutions. As of December 31, 2019, the total company revenue was $8.93 billion, with profits before income taxes of $42.27 million. The number of full-time employees, as of December 2019 was 39,900 globally, with 38,600 in North America and 1,300 in Europe. The company employs approximately 9,500 drivers, 6,300 technicians and have approximately 25,600 hourly employees in the U.S.  About 4,300 of those are organized by labor unions.

Fleet management
Ryder's fleet management business is its largest business segment, accounting for 61% of the company's total revenue of $2.3 billion, or $1.4 billion for Q4 of 2019. This arm of the business does contract-based full-service leasing, contract maintenance, commercial rental and fleet support services. Under full-service leasing Ryder owns and maintains the trucks and the customer determines the destination. Commercial rentals are the white Ryder trucks which the contract customers can rent on a temporary basis. Ryder grew its North American rental fleet to nearly 30,000 vehicles in 2010 and 2011 raising the percentage of model year 2010 or newer vehicles in the fleet to more than 40 percent. Support services consist of insurance, vehicle permits, and fuel.

In April 2011 Ryder bought B.I.T. Leasing, from Hayward, California. Also in 2011 it acquired the full service leasing and rental business of Carmenita Leasing, Inc., located in Santa Fe Springs, California, and the full service lease, contract maintenance, commercial rental and dedicated contract carriage business, The Scully Companies, Inc., based in Fontana, California.

Launched in April 2018, the company operates a peer-to-peer truck-sharing platform, COOP, that allows owners of commercial vehicles to rent unused trucks and trailers to businesses. The program expanded to Florida in January 2019 and further expanded in Texas in February 2020.

As of December 31, 2019, Ryder owned or leased 213,800 vehicles. As of January 2020, they were the largest truck supplier in the US.

Supply chain
Ryder' supply chain operations accounted for 28% of its revenue for a total of $649 million for Q4 2019. This business consists of management of a customer's supply chain. Ryder managed over 50 million square feet (4,645,152 m2)  of warehouse space on December 31, 2019.

In December 2010 Ryder bought TLC, a supply chain services company based in Holland, Michigan.

Dedicated Transportation Solutions
Ryder Dedicated Transportation Solutions accounted for 15% of its revenue for a total of $346 million for Q4 2019.  This arm of the business conducts both leasing and supply chain management. In 2013, Ryder launched a new name and identity for this program called Ryder Dedicated. The company expanded its Last Mile Delivery service for bulky and large goods to 11 markets in North America. In February 2019 Ryder launched a program for e-commerce that allows manufacturers to ship directly to consumers instead of using third-party shipping for small to large products. In May 2020 the company added food-grade capabilities to its e-commerce service.

Locations
Ryder's headquarters are located in an unincorporated area in northwest Miami-Dade County, Florida, near the Miami Dade-County, Broward County boundary line.

Previously Ryder had its headquarters in Doral, Florida. As of December 31, 2019, Ryder had 524 locations in 50 US States and Puerto Rico. This includes a Shared Services Center in Alpharetta, GA that employs over 500 people and provides support to all FMS operations.Ryder opened a new logistics center in London, Ontario, Canada in January 2018.The company announced the planned opening of two multi-client facilities in Perris, California and Fort Worth, Texas, while expanding an already existing Ryder warehouse in Douglassville, Pennsylvania. The three facilities were expected to be fully operational by May 2019. In May 2020 the company began to expand its e-commerce network with the opening of a new facility in Philadelphia and adding FDA approval for food-grade service to two other facilities in Perris, California and Dallas, Texas.

Awards and recognition
 Newsweek World's Most Responsible Companies 2020
 FORTUNE World's Most Admired Companies 2018 and 2019
 FORTUNE 500 2019 and 2020
 Military Friendly Employer 2020
 Top Company for Women to Work for in Transportation 2019
 America's Outstanding Navy Reserve Employers 2019

References

Further reading
 Saunders, Harris. Top Up or Down? The Origin and Development of the Automobile and Truck Renting and Leasing Industry—56 Years, 1916–1972. Birmingham, AL: Harris Saunders, 1972.

External links

Truck rental
Companies based in Miami-Dade County, Florida
American companies established in 1933
Transport companies established in 1933
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies in the Dow Jones Transportation Average
Trucking companies of the United States
Logistics companies of the United States
1933 establishments in Florida
Transportation companies based in Florida

Ryder


Veľké Kostoľany este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Piešťany din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 2.764 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Veľké Kostoľany este atestată documentar din 1209.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Veľké Kostoľany


Distriktet (japansk: 郡, gun) var en lokal administrativ enhed i Japan mellem 1878 og 1921. Distrikterne har ikke længere en politisk eller administrativ funktion. De er kun vigtige for det japanske postvæsen, der bruger klassificeringen til identifikation af byernes og landsbyernes placering. Distriktet ligger mellem kommunens og præfekturets niveau. Byer er direkte afhængige af præfekturerne og er uafhængige af distrikterne.

Historie
Distriktet blev oprindeligt kaldt Kōri og har gamle rødder i Japan. Efter Nihonshoki blev de etableret under Taika-reformer (året 645). Under Taihō-koden var den administrative enhed i provinsen (国, kuni) over distriktet, og landsbyen (里 eller 郷, sato) var under distriktet.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Counties of Japan

Japans geografi

Distrikter i Japan


නුවරඑළිය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මධ්‍යම  කඳුකරයේ මිටියාවතක පිහිටි සුන්දර  නගරයකි . මුහුදු මට්ටමේ සිට මීටර් 1868 (අඩි 6128) ක් උසින් පිහිටා ඇති මෙම නගරය අයත් වන්නේ නුවරඑළිය දිස්ත්‍රික්කයටයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ උසම කන්ද වන පිදුරුතලාගල කන්ද පිහිටා ඇත්තේ ද මෙම නගරය ආසන්නයෙහි ය.

නුවරඑළියේ ඇති තවත් විශේෂ ගණයේ  අංගයක් නම් එහි දී හමුවන යුරෝපිය ඵළවළු, පළතුරු හා මල් වර්ගයි. මෙම නගරයේ වැසියන් මේවා ප්‍රධාන ආදායම් මාර්ගය ලෙස, අතිරේක ආදායම් මාර්ගයක් ලෙස හෝ විනෝදාංශයක් ලෙස වැවීම සිදු කරති. මේ 'පුංචි එංගලන්තය' පුරාම  අර්තාපල්, කැරට්, ලීක්ස් වැනි එළවළු ද රෝස, ඩේසි, ඇස්ටමේරියා වැනි මල් වර්ග ද රසවත් ස්ට්‍රෝබෙරි ද වැවූ බිම්කඩවල් පෙනෙන්නට තිබේ.

මේ කඳුකර පෙදෙසේ සෙමින් සීරුවට වැඩෙන තේ පදුරු වලින් ලෝකයේ අනර්ඝතම තේ වන වර්ගයක් වන 'ඔරේන්ජ් පෙකෝ" තේ නිපද වේ. තවද නුවරඑළිය අවට ඇති තේ කර්මාන්තශාලා කිහිපයක් නියමු සංචාරයන් හා සාම්පල අත්හදා බැලිමට හෝ තේ මිලදී ගැනීමට අවස්ථාව සලසා දෙති.

ඉතිහාසය

නුවරඑළිය නගරය සොයා ගනු ලැබුවේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය යටත් විජිත සමයේ දී සැමුවෙල් බේකර් විසිනි. එ දවස මෙම නගරය යොදා ගනු ලැබුවේ ඉංග්‍රීසින්ගේ විනෝදාංශ වන නරි දඩයම, පෝලෝ  ක්‍රීඩාව හා ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාව සඳහා ය.

මෙම නගරය 19වන සියවසේ ඉංග්‍රීසින් විසින් සොයා ගනු ලැබුව ද මෙම භූමියට නිතරම පැමිණියේ ස්ව‍දේශීය සිංහල සංචාරකයන් ය. එමෙන්ම  මෙම ප්‍රදේශය ප්‍රාග් ඵෙතිහාසික මානවයන් විසූ ප්‍රදේශයක් බව පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක සොයා ගැනීම් සාක්ෂි දරයි.

මෙහි ඇති බොහෝ ගොඩනැගිලි යටත් විජිත වාදී සමයේ දී යුරෝපීය ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පයන්ට අනුකූලව සාදා ඇත. එමෙන්ම මෙම නගරයේ වර්තමානයේ අළුතින් ගොඩනැගිලි (හෝටල්, සංචාරක නිවාස) ඉදිකරන විටදී ද  මෙම ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පයන් අනුගමනය කරන බව පෙනේ. තවද බොහෝ පෞද්ගලික නිවාසද තවමත් ඔවුන්ගේ ඉංග්‍රීසි පන්නයේ තණ පිටි හා ගෙඋයන් නඩත්තු කරමින් පවත්වාගෙන යන බව මෙම නගරයේ මදක් ඇවිද බැලූ විට පෙනී යයි.

දේශගුණය
මුහුදු මට්ටමේ සිට ඉතා ඉහල උසකින් මෙම ප්‍රදේශය පිහිටා ඇති හෙයින් නුවරඑළියේ පවතින්නේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පහත් බිම් වලට වඩා වැඩි ශීත දේශගුණයකි. එහි මධ්‍ය වාර්ෂික උෂ්ණත්වය සෙල්සියස් අංශක 16 කි  .
ශිශිර කාලයට අයත් මාස වලදී (ජනවාරි සිට මාර්තු), රාත්‍රී කාලයට මෙහි අධික ශීත කාළගුණයක් ඇති අතර හිමිදිරියේ දී මල් තුහින ද ඇතැම් දිනක දැකිය හැකි වෙයි. මෙවැනි දිනක අවම උෂ්ණත්වය සෙල්සියස් අංශක 4ට වඩා අඩු වෙයි. එසේම මෙම කාලයේ ඉර මුදුන් වන වේලාවට අධික ලෙස උණුසුමක් ද ඇති වේ. මෙම අගය ඇතැම් දිනක සෙල්සියස් අංශක 26 ඉක්මවයි.

මාර්තු සහ අප්‍රේල් මාස වල ප්‍රථම අන්තර් මෝසම් වර්ෂාව සක්‍රිය වන අතර මැයි සිට සැප්තැම්බර් දක්වා නිරිත දිග මෝසම් වර්ෂාව සක්‍රීය වේ. මෙම කාලයේ දී රැයක් දවාලක් වෙනසකින් තොරව ප්‍රවේගකාරී නිරිතදිග සුළං ප්‍රවාහ සමග වර්ෂාව ඇද හැලෙන අතර ඇතැම් විටක කටුක තෙත බරිත කාලගුණයක් පවතී. සූර්යයාලෝකය පවතින දින ගණන සාමාන්‍යයෙන් මාසයකට දින 5-6ක් පමණ වෙයි.

ඔක්තෝම්බර් සහ නොවැම්බරයේ දී දෙවන අනත්ර් මෝසම සක්‍රිය වන අතර දෙසැම්බර් සිට පෙබරවාරි දක්වා ඊශානදිග මෝසම සක්‍රීය වෙයි. මෙම කාල වලදී සාමාන්‍යයෙන් අනෙක් කාල වලට වඩා වර්ෂාපතනය වැඩිය.

සැණකෙළි
සිංහල හා දෙමළ අවුරුදු සමය එළඹෙන අප්‍රේල් මාසයේ දී මෙම නගරය වෙනදාට වඩා කලබලකාරී වේ. ඒ මන්ද යත්  අප්‍රේල් මාසයේ මෙහි පැවැත්වෙන වසන්ත සැණකෙලි සමය නිසාය. මෙම  වසන්ත සැණකෙලි සමයේ සමාරම්භක උත්සවය  වාර්ෂිකව අප්‍රේල් 1වනදා යින් නගරාධිපතිතුමාගේ ප්‍රධානත්වයෙන් ඇරඹෙන අතර එය නගරයේ පාසල් වලට අයත් තූර්ය වාදක කණ්ඩායම් දැක්මකින් හැඩවේ.

මෙසමයේ ආකර්ෂණිය දෑ අතර මෝටර් රථ ධාවන තරඟ, තුරග තරඟ, වසන්ත මල් දැක්ම, රාත්‍රී සැණකෙලි, ඡායාරූප ප්‍රදර්ශණ ආදිය වේ. මෝටර් රථ ධාවන තරග පැවැත්වෙන්නෙ මාගස්තොට හා රදැල්ල කන්දේ ය. බොහෝ  දෙනෙකුගේ ආකර්ෂණය දිනා ගන්නේ  'නුවරඑළිය රෙඩ් රෝස්' හා ග්‍රෙගරි වැව් ඉවුරේ පැවැත්වෙන 4x4 'ලේක් ක්‍රොස්' තරඟයි.  ඵහි උච්චතම අවස්ථාව වන්නේ පරලෝම 9 (මීටර 1811) ආණ්ඩුකාර කුසලානයයි. මීට අමතරව විවිධ බඩු බාහිරාදිය සහ ආහාර පාන මිලදී ගත හැකි වෙළඳසැල් ආදියත් නගරය පුරා  දක්නට ලැබේ.

සංචාරක ආකර්ෂණ

හෝර්ටන් තැන්න - හෝර්ටන් තැන්න ජාතික උද්‍යානය ට ඇතුළු වීමට ඇති මුලික නගරය ද නුවරඑළිය නගරයයි. හෝර්ටන් තැන්න විවෘත තෘ‍ණ වන ලැහැබක් සහිත වන ජිවි කලාපයකි. දිවියා,ගස් ගෝනා සහ ඒක දේශික සත්වයෙකු වන කළු වඳුරා ද ඒක දේශික කඳුකර කුරැල්ලන් වන ශ්‍රී ලංකා සිතැසියා සහ ශ්‍රී ලංකා  කහ කන් කොණ්ඩයා මෙහිදි දැක ගත හැකි සත්ව විශේෂයන්ය.
නීල ගරුඬ ඇල්ල
ලෝකාන්තය - තවද දෙස් විදෙස් ආකර්ශණය දිනා ගත් ලෝකාන්තය අයත් වන්නේ හෝර්ටන් තැන්නටම වේ. මෙය මීටර් 1050 බෑවුමක් සහිත ප්‍රපාතයක් වන අතර ප්‍රපාතයේ දර්ශණය වන්නේ බලංගොඩ නගරයයි.
බේකර්ස් ඇල්ල - බෙලිහුල් ඔයේ අතු ගංගාවකින් හටගන්නා මෙම දියඇල්ල, හෝර්ටන් තැන්න ජාතික වනෝද්‍යානයේ පිහිටා ඇත.
ග්‍රෙගරි වැව - නුවරඑළිය පිහිටි ග්‍රෙගරි වැව ආශ්‍රිත විල්ලුව සහිත කලාපය විශේෂ පාරිසරක සංරක්ෂිත කලාපයක් වේ. දෙසැම්බර් සෘතුවේ සීත කලාපීය සංචාරක පක්ෂීන්ගේ සංක්‍රමණ ආදිය මෙම ග්‍රෙගරි වැව ආශ්‍රිත පාරිසරක කලාපය තුල දැකගත හැකි වේ.
ලවර්ස් ලීප් ඇල්ල - ලවර්ස් ලීප් දිය ඇල්ල මීටර 30 ක පමණ උසකින් යුක්ත වූ සංචාරක ආකර්ෂණය සහිත ස්ථානයකි.
සීතා අම්මාන් කෝවිල - හනුමාන් කෝවිල ලෙසද වැහැරෙන සීතා අම්මාන් හින්දු කෝවිල හමුවන්නේ නුවරඑළියේ සිට බදුල්ලට යන විට හක්ගල උද්භිද උද්‍යානය හමුවීමට පෙරයි. මෙම කෝවිල පිහිටා ඇත්තේ සීතා එළිය නම් ගම්මානයේය. මෙම පලාත හින්දු දර්ශනයේ එන රාමායණය කතාවේ සඳහන් වේ. ජනශ්‍රැත වලට අනුව බලවත් රාවණා රජු, රාම ගේ බිසව වන  සීතා දේවිය පැහැරගෙන විත් මෙම කෝවිල තනා ඇති ස්ථානයේ සඟවා තිබූ බව කියවේ.
නුවරඑළිය තැපැල් කාර්යාලය - 1894 වර්ෂයේ ඉදිකොට ඇති නුවරඑළිය පිහිටි තැපැල් කාර්යාලය මෙරට ඉදිකරන ලද පැරණිතම තැපැල් කාර්යාල අතුරින් එකක් ලෙස සැළකේ.
වික්ටෝරියා උද්‍යානය - නුවරඑළිය නගරයේ ඉදි කොට ඇති, මහජන උද්‍යානයක් වේ. 1987 වර්ෂයේ යෙදී තුබුණු වික්ටෝරියා රැජිනගේ දියමන්ති සංවත්සරය සිහිවීම වෙනුවෙන්, උද්‍යානය වික්ටෝරියා උද්‍යානය ලෙස නම් කොට තිබේ. වික්ටෝරියා උද්‍යානයේ දී ඉන්දියානු නිල් අවිච්චියා, කායුරු තිරසිකායා, ගෝමර තිරසිකායා, ලය කායුරු වී කුරුල්ලා, කාෂ්මීර රත් මැසිමාරා ඇතුළු පක්ෂීන් රාශියක් දැක ගත හැක.
ගැල්වේ කුරුලු උයන - ගැල්වේ කුරුළු අභය භුමිය ග්‍රෙගරි වැව ආසන්නයේ පිහිට වර්ග කි.මී. 0.6 ක භුමියකින් යුත් වනෝද්‍යානයකි.මෙහිදී ද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට ආවේණික මෙන්ම සංචාරක කුරුලු විශේෂ රැසක් දැක  ගැනීමේ හැකියාව ලැබේ.

වෙනත්
විලියම් රොජර්ස් සොහොන - ගොල්ෆ් පිටියක කෙලවරේ පිහිටා ඇති බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයෙකු වූ මේජර් විලියම් රොජර්ස් ගේ සොහොන් කොත බොහෝ දෙනෙකු නොදන්නා එක් විෂේෂ ස්ථානයක් වේ . ඔහු ප්‍රසිද්ධ අලි ඇතුන් දඩයම් කරුවකු වූ අතර අලිඇතුන් දහස් ගණනින් මරා ඇතැයි කියවේ. ජනශ්‍රැත වල කියවෙන පරිදි ඔහු මිය ගොස් ඇත්තේ හපුතලේ දී අකුණක් වැදීමෙනි. තමා සිදු කළ විශාල පාපය නිසා ඔහුගේ සොහොන් කොතට සෑම වසරකදී ම අකුණු සැර වදින බව කියවේ. කෙසේ වුවද වර්තමානයේ මෙම ස්ථානය සංචාරකයන්ට විවෘත නොවේ.

නගරයේ ආකර්ෂණිය අනෙකුත් දෑ සමහරක් ලෙස ගොල්ෆ් පිටිය, කන්දේ ඇල, තේ වතු, තේ කර්මාන්තශාලා ආදිය දැක්විය හැක. මෙහි එන දෙස් විදෙස් සංචාරකයන් හට නිරත විය හැකි විනෝදාත්මක ක්‍රියාකාරකම් රාශියක්ද ඇත.  ග්‍රෙගරි වැවේ පැඩල් බෝට්ටු පැදීම, පෝනියන් පිට යාම, කන්දේ ඇල අසල සාදා ඇති වන මං පෙත් තරණය ආදිය මින් සමහරකි .

මෙම නගරයේ අසිරිය තවත් වැඩි කරන්නට එහි ඇති ඉස්තරම් හෝටල් ද අත්වැල සපයයි.  ඉන් ප්‍රමුඛ හෝටලයක් වන්නේ ග්‍රෑන්ඩ් හෝටලය යි. එය හිටපු බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයෙකුගෙ  මන්දිරය වන අතර දැනට ඵය 'ටැන්ගිරින් හෝටල් සමූහයට'  අයත් වේ. එය කොළඹින් පිටත ඇති වඩාත් ජනප්‍රිය හෝටලයකි. මේ මනහර යටත් විජිතවාදි ගොඩනැගිල්ල වසර 100 කටත් වඩා පැරණි ය. තවත් එවැනිම හෝටලයක් වන්නේ සෙන්. ඇන්ඩෲස්   හෝටලයයි. මෙය ද පැරණි ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයෙකුගෙ  මන්දිරයක් වන අතර දැනට ජෙට්වින්ග් හෝටල් සමූහය යටතේ පාලනය වේ. මෙහි සුවිශේෂී අංග ලෙස වසර සියයක් පමණ පැරණි තඹ වහලය සහිත ආපන ශාලාවත්,  එතරම්ම පැරණි බිලියඩ් මේසයත්, වයින් ගබඩාවත් දැක්විය හැක. මීට අමතරව ග්‍රෑන්ඩ් හෝටල අසලම වාගේ පිහිටි හිල් ක්ලබ්   යනු තවත් ආකර්ශණීය ස්ථානයකි. ගලින් නිමවූ මන්දිරයක් වන මෙය වර්ෂ 1876 දී බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය කෝපි වගාකරුවකු විසින් තනන ලද්දකි.

සිතියම්
නගර සිතියම

බාහිර සබැදි

නිල නාගරික වෙබ් අඩවිය

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නගර සහ ගම්මාන

නුවරඑළිය


María Ariza Delance fue una artista plástica cubana, además de profesora y conferencista en la Academia de Artes de San Alejandro de La Habana, Cuba.

Colaboró en distintos periódicos y revistas. Realizó estudios en París.

Fuente

Mujeres periodistas de Cuba
Pintores de Cuba del siglo XX
Profesoras de Cuba

María Ariza Delance


Famille immédiate () est un film américain réalisé par Jonathan Kaplan et sorti en 1989.

Synopsis
Un couple marié depuis 10 ans n'arrive pas à avoir d'enfants. Il envisage une adoption.

Fiche technique
 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Jonathan Kaplan
 Scénario : Barbara Benedek
 Photographie : John Lindley
 Musique : Brad Fiedel
 Montage : Jane Kurson
 Durée : 95 minutes
 Dates de sortie:
  ()
  ()

Distribution
 Glenn Close (VF : Evelyn Séléna) : Linda Spector
 James Woods (VF : Joël Martineau) : Michael Spector
 Mary Stuart Masterson (VF : Isabelle Ganz) : Lucy Moore
 Kevin Dillon (VF : Renaud Marx) : Sam
 Linda Darlow (VF : Danièle Ajoret) : Susan Drew
 Harrison Mohr : Eli
 Mimi Kennedy : mère d'Eli
 Charles Levin : père d'Eli
 Jessica James (VF : Jacqueline Jefford) : Bessie
 Ken Lerner : Josh
 Jane Greer : mère de Michael

Notes et références

Liens externes

 http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/79030/Immediate-Family/

Film américain sorti en 1989
Comédie dramatique américaine
Film tourné à Vancouver
Film sur l'adoption
Film réalisé par Jonathan Kaplan

Famille immédiate


David Hilbert, (; ; 23 Ocak 1862, Königsberg - 14 Şubat 1943, Göttingen) ünlü Alman matematikçi. Geometriyi bir dizi aksiyoma indirgeyen ve matematiğin biçimsel temellerinin oluşturulmasına önemli katkıda bulunan Alman matematikçi David Hilbert integralli denklemlere ilişkin çalışmalarıyla fonksiyonel analizin 20. yüzyıldaki gelişmesine öncülük etmiştir.

1895 ile 1929 yılları arasında Göttingen Üniversitesi'nde profesörlük yaptı. Yirminci yüzyılın başlarında, Alman matematik okulunun önderi sayılır. 1897 yılında cisim kavramını ve cebirsel sayılar cisminin kuramını kurdu. 1890 yıllarındaki ilk çalışmaları sırasında, cebirsel geometri ve modern cebirde önemli bir rol oynayan çokterimli idealleri kuramının temellerini atarak, invaryantlar kuramının temel kanunlarını ortaya koymayı başardı. 1899 yılında, geometrinin temelleri üstüne araştırmalarının bit sentezi olan "Geometrinin Temelleri" adlı eserini yayınladı. Bu, matematiğin çeşitli bölümlerinde aksiyomlaştırma amacına yönelen birçok verimli çalışmaya yol açtı.

Somut görüntülere başvurmaktan kaçınan Hilbert, noktalar, doğrular ve düzlemler diye adlandırdığı "Üç nesne sistemini" matematiğe soktu. Ne oldukları kesin olarak gösterilmeyen bu nesneler, 5 grupta toplanmış 21 aksiyomla açıklanan bazı ilişkiler ortaya koyar. Ait olma, sıra, eşitlik veya denklik, paralellik ve süreklilik aksiyomu bunlardandır. Bundan sonra, aksiyomlardan birinin veya öbürünün doğrulanmadığı geometriler kurdu. Temel terimleri kendilerine aksiyomlarla yüklenen özelliklerden başka özelikleri bulunmayan mantıksal varlıklar olarak ele aldı. Klasik matematiği savunmak ve ondaki apaçıklığı göstermek için Brouwer ile giriştiği tartışmalar, matematikte geniş biçimli incelemelere yol açtı.

1930'da Göttingen Üniversitesi'nden emekli olan Hilbert, aynı yıl Königsberg'in fahri hemşeriliğine seçildi. Hilbert'in bu seçim nedeniyle yaptığı Naturerkennen und Logik (Doğanın Anlaşılması ve Mantık) başlıklı konuşmasının son tümcesi şöyledir:

Wir müssen wissen, wir werden wissen. (Bilmeliyiz, bileceğiz.)

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Hilbert problemleri
 Einstein-Hilbert etkisi

1862 doğumlular
1943 yılında ölenler
Alman matematikçiler
Alman agnostikler
Göttingen Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Geometriciler

David Hilbert


(Ivory Coast) බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ වෙරළබඩ පිහිටි කුඩා රටකි. වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 322,462ක් තරම් වූ මෙම රටෙහි 1991දී 12,000,000ක් ජනයා විසූහ. අගනුවර: යමෞස්සෞක්රෝ. රජ බස: ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව.

සටහන්

ආශ්‍රිත

අප්‍රිකාව තුළ රටවල්
අත්ලාන්තික් සාගරයට යාබද රටවල්
ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව කථා කරන එටවල්

අයිවරි කෝස්ට්


Balbiania, monotipski rod crvenih algi iz porodice Balbianiaceae, jedina u redu Balbianiales i dio je podrazreda Nemaliophycidae. Jedina je vrsta slatkovodna alga B. investiens iz nekih europskih zemalja (Francuska, Irska, Portugal, Švedska, Njemačka, Velika Britanija)

Prvi puta opisana je pod imenom Chantransia investiens Lenormand ex Kützing.

Sinonimi
 Chantransia investiens Lenormand ex Kützing 1849; bazionim
 Audouinella investiens (Lenormand ex Kützing) Kylin 1956
 Rhodochorton investiens (Lenormand ex Kuetzing) Swale & J.H.Belcher 1963
 Pseudochantransia investiens (Lenormand ex Kützing) F.D.Ott 2009
 Batrachospermum rubrum Hassall 1845
 Batrachospermum moniliforme var. rubrum (Hassal) Kützing 1849

Izvori

Nemaliophycidae

Balbiania


Teravija (tur. teravi ← arap. 〈mn〉 tärāwīh ), u islamu molitva u ramazanskim noćima. Klanja se poslije jacije. Teravija je dodatna molitva. Sunitski muslimani mole je u ramazanu navečer u džamijama. Tri puta su dulje od dnevnih. Teravija namaz nije obvezan, nego dobrovoljan. Također, njegova duljina nije utvrđena nego je poželjno moliti dulje.

Izvori

Namaz (islam)

Teravija


An Aloe ericahenriettae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni T.A.Mccoy. An Aloe ericahenriettae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aloe, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Djibouti. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aloe

Aloe ericahenriettae


Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften und Schönen Künste von Belgien bedeutet meistens
 die auf das Jahr 1769 zurückgehende, 1772 per Dekret der Kaiserin Maria Theresia zur Caesarea ac Regia Scientiarum et Litterarum Academia Bruxellis (Kaiserlichen und Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Brüssel) erhobene, und infolge der Staatsreform von 1970 im Jahr 1971 aufgeteilte belgische Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. Durch die Teilung von 1971 entstanden:
 Die französischsprachige Nachfolgeorganisation Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique (ARB) ("Königliche belgischen Akademie der Naturwissenschaften, Geisteswissenschaften und Schönen Künste")
 Die gleichrangige niederländischsprachige Nachfolgeorganisation Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten (KVAB) ("Königliche flämisch-belgische Akademie für Wissenschaften und Künste").
 Die 2001 von diesen beiden Akademien gegründete Koordinierungsvereinigung The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB) ("Die belgischen königlichen Akademien für Wissenschaften und Kunst").

Anmerkungen
Die nicht selten mit ARB verwechselte ARBA, Académie royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles ("Königliche Kunstakademie") ist eine in Brüssel angesiedelte Hochschule.
Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten (KASK) ("Königliche Kunstakademie") ist die Bezeichnung für mehrere flämische Ausbildungseinrichtungen für bildende Kunst auf Hochschulebene. Wegen der Zweisprachigkeit Belgiens kann jede dieser Institutionen auch als "Académie royale" aufscheinen.

Akademie der Wissenschaften in Belgien


Natalie Imboden, née le  (originaire de Täsch), est une personnalité politique suisse du canton de Berne, membre des Verts.

Elle siège au Conseil national depuis le .

Biographie
Natalie Imboden naît le . Elle est originaire de Täsch, dans le canton du Valais (district de Viège). Elle y passe également son enfance avec son frère.

Elle fait ses études secondaires en internat au lycée-collège Spiritus Sanctus à Brigue, où elle intègre la société d'étudiants . Elle obtient sa maturité en 1990.

Elle déménage à Berne pour ses études universitaires. Elle y obtient une licence en histoire de l'Université de Berne en 1997. Son mémoire, dirigé par Brigitte Studer, porte sur le travail des femmes et la séparation des sexes au début du .

Elle travaille ensuite dans des syndicats notamment pour Unia, l'Union syndicale suisse et le Syndicat des services publics.

Elle est secrétaire générale de l'Association suisse des locataires (Asloca) depuis 2018, année où elle succède à Michael Töngi.

Elle est mariée et mère d'un enfant.

Parcours politique
Elle déclare s'être politisée à la suite de la grève des femmes de 1991.

Elle siège au Grand Conseil du canton de Berne du  au , après avoir siégé pendant dix ans au Conseil de ville (législatif) de la ville de Berne à partir de 2001.

Elle copréside les Verts du canton de Berne de mars 2015 à 2020 avec Jan Remund, puis préside seule le parti jusqu'en octobre 2022.

Elle accède au Conseil national le  à la suite de la démission de Regula Rytz, après avoir échoué à décrocher un siège en 1999, 2007, 2015 et 2019. Elle est membre de la Commission des institutions politiques (CIP).

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Profil Smartvote , 2023

Personnalité politique bernoise
Personnalité des Verts (Suisse)
Député au Grand Conseil du canton de Berne
Membre d'un législatif communal suisse
Conseiller national suisse de la 51e législature

Natalie Imboden


Onthophagus subsapaensis é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Kabakov em 1994.

Referências

Ligações externas

subsapaensis
Coleópteros descritos em 1994

Onthophagus subsapaensis


East Hodge est un village de la paroisse de Jackson, dans l'État de Louisiane, aux États-Unis. En 2020, il compte une population de .

Démographie
Lors du recensement de 2010, le village comptait une population de , tandis qu'en 2020, elle s'élève à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Village en Louisiane
Paroisse de Jackson

East Hodge (Louisiane)


El Aeropuerto El Maitén (IATA: EMX - OACI: SAVD - FAA: EMA) es un aeropuerto argentino que da servicio a la localidad de El Maitén, Chubut.

Sus coordenadas son: latitud 42° 20' 60" S y longitud 71° 10' 01" O. Recibe vuelos de la aerolínea LADE desde el Aeropuerto Internacional General Enrique Mosconi de Comodoro Rivadavia.

Referencias

El Maitén
Departamento Cushamen

Aeropuerto de El Maitén


La Danse () er en fransk dokumentarfilm instrueret af Frederick Wiseman fra 2009.

Wiseman har installeret kameraer i hver en afkrog af den prestigefyldte parisiske ballet, der holder til i Opéra de Paris, men bag kulisserne lever danserne i et strengt hierarki, hvor træning går forud for alt andet, syerskerne presses til det yderste. Filmen følger produktionen af syv balletter.

Balletterne er:

 Genus (Wayne McGregor)
 La maison de Bernarda (Mats Ek)
 Le songe de Médée (Angelin Preljocaj)
 Paquita (Pierre Lacotte, efter Joseph Mazilier og Marius Petipa)
 Orpheus und Eurydike (Pina Bausch)
 Roméo et Juliette (Berlioz) (Sasha Waltz)
 Nøddeknækkeren (Rudolf Nureyev udgave)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm om dans
Balletfilm
Franske film fra 2009
Fransksprogede film

La Danse (film)


Parasqueva de Roma (m. 180)
 Parasqueva dos Bálcãs — ou da Bulgária, da Sérvia, de Belgrado, de Tirnovo ou de Iaşi

Desambiguações de santos

Santa Parasqueva


Ennio Marzocchini (* 14. Dezember 1942 in Empoli; † 19. August 2011 in Florenz) war ein italienischer Regisseur.

Leben
Nach Anfängen in der Telekommunikation schloss Marzocchini ein Studium der Literaturwissenschaften ab und diplomierte im Regiefach am Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia. 1969 begann er als Kameraassistent beim Film und wirkte bis 1973 in verschiedenen Funktionen, so als Schnittsekretär und Regieassistent. 1973 debütierte er als Regisseur mit einem Kurzfilm und einer dokumentarischen Arbeit. 1979 gründete er die Filmkooperative "Kes Film" und legte nun Werke vor, die kleineren Cineastenkreisen vorbehalten waren, aber an zahlreichen Festivals teilnahmen. Daneben war Marzocchini ab 1971 bei der RAI beschäftigt und gründete 1978 in Empoli den Sender Antenna 5, den er drei Jahre lang leitete. Auch als Werbefilmer, Autor und Universitätsdozent war er tätig.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1983: Scoop
 1995: Empoli – film in rosso e nero 1921 (auch Darsteller)

Weblinks
  (sehr unvollständig)

Einzelnachweise

Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
Fernsehregisseur
Autor
Italiener
Geboren 1942
Gestorben 2011
Mann

Ennio Marzocchini


, né le  près d'Alep et mort de la peste le , est un ouléma et mouhaddith syrien.

Identité

Son ism (prénom) est Youssouf et son konya (surnom) Abou-al-Hadjdjadj. Son nasab (filiation) est Youssouf ibn al-Zaki Abd-al-Rahman ibn Youssouf. Ses nisbas (origine) el-Kalbi et al-Koudaï indique qu'il vient de la tribu des Banou-Kalb, dont le fondateur légendaire est Kouda, et el-Mizzi indique qu'il a vécu à Mizza (Syrie). Son lakab (nom honorifique) est Djamal al-Din ( « Lumière de la foi »).

Biographie
Mizzi naît près d'Alep le , et ses parents déménagent à Mizza, un riche village dans l'ouest de Damas. Au village, il étudie le Coran et le fiqh, et entame une carrière de mouhaddith auprès des maîtres de son temps ; Mizzi a alors vingt ans. Le jeune homme part à la collecte de hadiths dans le Moyen-Orient (Syrie-Palestine, Égypte, Hedjaz), devenant l'un des plus grands experts en hadith du monde musulman.

À partir de , Mizzi est à la tête du Dar al-Hadith al-Ashrafiyya, une des plus grandes écoles coraniques de Damas. Mizzi enseigne à Damas jusqu'à sa mort de la peste le . Sa fille Zaynab avait épousé Ibn Kathir.

Liens avec Ibn Taymiyya
L'un de ses condisciples les plus importants est Ibn Taymiyya (-), avec qui il nouera une grande amitié. C'est probablement parce que Mizzi eut des contacts avec des cercles soufis controversés, dont il s'écartera, qu'Ibn Taymiyya mit en garde contre le soufisme.

Avant d'être accepté dans l'école coranique, Mizzi dut accepter le crédo d'Achari. En dépit de cela, il se fit beaucoup d'adversaires qui mirent en doute sa sincérité et l'accusèrent d'avoir été « corrompu » par Ibn Taymiyya. S'il appartenait à l'école juridique chaféite, Mizzi prit parti en faveur des nouvelles idées d'Ibn Taymiyya, ce qui l'a même conduit pendant une courte période en prison.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Bibliographie
 .
 .

Articles connexes
 Ibn Taymiyya
 Ibn Kathir
 Damas

Naissance en 1256
Décès en 1341
Décès à Damas
Érudit musulman sunnite
Ouléma du XIVe siècle
Compilateur de hadiths
Mort de la peste

Mizzi (ouléma)


Johannes Hörmann ist der Name folgender Personen:

*Johannes Hörmann (Zimmermann), deutscher Zimmermann

Siehe auch:
 Johann Hörmann (1651–1699), deutscher Kunstschreiner

Johannes Hörmann


Ciklički derivat 2-(2,5-dihidroksifenil)etanamina i spojevi strukturno izvedeni iz njega, vrste psihotropnih tvari. Uvršten je u Hrvatskoj na temelju Zakona o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga na Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga, pod Popis droga i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga, pod 2. Popis psihotropnih tvari i biljaka, Odjeljak 1 - Psihotropne tvari sukladno Popisu 1. Konvencije UN-a o psihotropnim tvarima iz 1971. godine. U cikličke derivate 2-(2,5-dihidroksifenil)etanamina ubrojeni su spojevi strukturno izvedeni iz 2-(2,5-dihidroksifenil)etanamina supstitucijom na položaju 4 benzenskog prstena alkilnom skupinom, halogenalkilnom skupinom ili atomom halogena; dodatno, zamjenom vodikova atoma jedne hidroksilne skupine alkilenskom skupinom ili alkenilenskom skupinom koja tvori petero – ili šesteročlani prsten pripojen benzenskom prstenu u ortho-položaju; dodatno, zamjenom vodikova atoma druge hidroksilne skupine metilnom skupinom, ili alkilenskom ili alkenilenskom skupinom koja tvori petero – ili šesteročlani prsten pripojen benzenskom prstenu u ortho-položaju, bez obzira na to jesu ili nisu dodatno modificirani na jedan ili više od sljedećih načina:
 supstitucijom jednog ili oba vodikova atoma amino-skupine;
 zamjenom vodikovog atoma na prvom ugljikovom atomu do amino-skupine alkilnom skupinom.

Izvori

Psihotropne tvari


Super Bowl XXXIV je bio završna utakmica 80. po redu sezone nacionalne lige američkog nogometa. U njoj su se sastali pobjednici AFC konferencije Tennessee Titansi i pobjednici NFC konferencije St. Louis Ramsi. Pobijedili su Ramsi rezultatom 23:16, kojima je to bio treći osvojeni naslov, prvi u eri Super Bowla.

Utakmica je odigrana na stadionu Georgia Dome u Atlanti u Georgiji, kojoj je to bilo drugo domaćinstvo utakmice Super Bowla (prvo je bilo Super Bowl XXVIII 1994. godine).

Tijek utakmice

Statistika utakmice

Statistika po momčadima

Statistika po igračima

Najviše jardi dodavanja

Najviše jardi probijanja

Najviše uhvaćenih jardi dodavanja

Napomena: * - broj kompletiranih dodavanja/ukupno dodavanja, ** - ukupno jardi dodavanja, *** - broj touchdownova (polaganja), **** - broj izgubljenih lopti

Izvori

1999

Super Bowl XXXIV


Bismarck Barreto Faria (født 17. september 1969) er en tidligere brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Brasiliens fodboldlandshold

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|1989||7||1
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|1990||4||0
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!Total||11||1
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Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 1990

Bismarck Barreto Faria


OPP, O.P.P., or Opp may refer to:

Government
 NASA's Office of Planetary Protection
 One Police Plaza (1PP), the Police headquarters in New York City
 Ontario Provincial Police, the provincial police service of Ontario, Canada
 Opp, Alabama, a city in the United States
 Orleans Parish Prison, prison located in New Orleans, United States

Miscellaneous other organizations
 Omega Psi Phi, an international fraternity
 One People's Project, an anti-racist group
 Opp (newspaper), published in Oppdal, Norway
 Open Prosthetics Project, a project dedicated to creation of public domain prosthetics
 Orangi Pilot Project, a development project in slums of Karachi, Pakistan

Science and technology
 Object Push Profile, a Bluetooth communications protocol based on the OBEX protocol
 Octonionic projective plane, or Cayley plane, a projective plane over the octonions
 Oriented Polypropylene, and specifically BOPP (biaxially oriented PP), a polymer used mainly for packaging and labeling
 Ortho-phenylphenol, or 2-Phenylphenol, an organic compound used as a fungicide
 Ovine progressive pneumonia, or ovine lentivirus, a chronic infection of Visna virus that affects sheep
 Yamaha YM2164, an FM synthesis sound chip also called FM Operator Type P (OPP)

Songs
 "O.P.P." (song), a song by Naughty by Nature from the album Naughty by Nature
 "Opps", a song by Vince Staples and Yugen Blakrok from Black Panther: The Album

See also
 Opposition (disambiguation), shortened

OPP


Santa Ynez Valley er en dal i Santa Barbara County, Californien, mellem Santa Ynez-bjergene mod syd og San Rafael-bjergene mod nord. Santa Ynez-floden løber gennem dalen fra øst til vest.

Dalen har en befolkning på omkring 20.000 indbyggere. I dalen er der flere mindre byer: Solvang, Los Olivos, Santa Ynez, Buellton, og Ballard.

Henvisninger

Dale i USA
Californiens geografi

Santa Ynez Valley


Silsile (Arapça : سلسلة), (Farsça : زنجیر), (Urduca : چین) bir İslam dini kavramıdır. Ayrıca tasavvufta da farklı bir manada terim olarak kullanılır. Hadis ilminde sened denilen kavram, ravilerin silsilesini araştırır.

Tasavvufta silsile
Tasavvufi yolların günümüzdeki mürşidinden Muhammed peygamber'e kadar ulaşmasını gösteren manevi zincir. Bu zincirin tarihen tutarlı ve sağlıklı oluşu tasavvufi feyz ve bereketin intikalinde çok önemlidir. Bir tasavvuf yolunun sağlamlığının en büyük delili sahih bir silsileye sahip oluşudur. Tasavvufta "Allah'a giden yollar mahlûkatın nefesleri sayısıncadır." anlayışı sebebiyle tarikat sayısında bir sınırlama olamaz. Silsilenin tasavvufi önemine uygun olarak tarikatlar kendi yollarındaki ruhani akışı mürşit isimlerini tarihi gerçeklere uygun şekilde sıralayarak titizlikle zapta bağlamışlar ve icazetname adı verilen yetkilendirme belgelerinde bu silsileler kayıt altına alınmıştır.

Silsilede tarihsel kesinti olursa buna üveysilik denir. Bu anlayış Veysel Karani'nin Peygamber ile yüz yüze görüşememesi, ancak mübarek hırkayı emanetine almasından dolayıdır.

Silsile zincirini gösteren kitaplara Silsilename veya Menakıbname denir. Silsilei Tarikatı Sünbüliye gibi. Bazı kitaplar şeyhler silsilesini gösterir ve Silsilei Meşayih adını alır. Ağaç çizimleriyle süslü silsilenameler şecere, zübdetültevarih adıyla meşhurdur.

Dış bağlantılar
 Tasavvuf Silsilelri

İslam terimleri
Tasavvuf terimleri
Şii edebiyatı

Silsile


Julius Benfey (* 10. Februar 1836 in Göttingen; † 23. März 1900 in Hannover) war ein deutscher Journalist, Wirtschaftsjurist und Bankdirektor.

Leben

Julius Benfey war der Sohn des Göttinger Bankiers Philipp Benfey und wurde im Prinzenhaus in Göttingen geboren, in welchem die drei englischen Prinzen ab 10. Juli 1786, allesamt Söhne des britischen Königs und hannoverschen Kurfürsten Georg III., während ihres gemeinsamen Studiums in Göttingen residiert hatten.

Nach dem Schulbesuch in Seesen und Göttingen nahm er 1856 das Studium der Rechtswissenschaften an der Universität Heidelberg auf und wurde dort Renonce des Corps Suevia Heidelberg. Ostern 1857 wechselte er an die Universität Göttingen und wurde Mitglied des Corps Hannovera Göttingen. Da ihm wegen seines jüdischen Glaubens im Königreich Hannover der Weg in den Staatsdienst verwehrt war, wurde er nach dem Assessorexamen (1864) Rechtsanwalt und Notar in Hannover. Nebenberuflich betätigte er sich journalistisch und berichtete für die Zeitung für Norddeutschland aus den Sitzungen der
Zweiten Kammer der Ständeversammlung des Königreichs Hannover. 1872 trat er in den Vorstand der Braunschweig-Hannoverschen Hypothekenbank AG (die heutige Berlin Hyp) ein.

Politisch engagierte sich Benfey als Nationalliberaler. Als Anhänger der Nationalliberalen Partei gründete er 1873 den Nationalliberalen Verein für Hannover.

Im Ehrenamt war Benfey für das Deutsche Rote Kreuz in Hannover und in der gesamten Provinz Hannover sowie im Vorstand des deutschen Flottenvereins der Provinz Hannover tätig. Daneben war er seit 1867 im Vorstand der jüdischen Gemeinde Hannovers aktiv und 26 Jahre deren Vorsteher. In zahlreichen nachgeordneten sozialen Einrichtungen der jüdischen Gemeinde Hannovers war Benfey führend tätig.

Benfey war verheiratet und hatte zwei Söhne und vier Töchter. Sein Sohn Philipp Benfey (1865–1928) wurde als Rechtsanwalt und Pflichtverteidiger von Fritz Haarmann bekannt. Die beiden Töchter Emma und Jenny, verheiratete Geber, kamen im Ghetto Theresienstadt ums Leben.

Laut dem Adreßbuch, Stadt- und Geschäftshandbuch der Königlichen Residenzstadt Hannover und der Stadt Linden für das Jahr 1891 war Benfey Eigentümer und Vermieter des Gebäudes Hildesheimer Straße 1, dass die Architekten Otto Bollweg in Zusammenarbeit mit Ernst Grelle als Wohn- und Geschäftshaus im Vorjahr errichtet hatten.

Ehrungen
 Preußischer Kronenorden (4. Klasse)
 1898 Ernennung zum Justizrat
 1898 Rote Kreuz-Medaillen (2. und 3. Klasse)

Siehe auch
 Geschichte der Juden in Hannover

Literatur
 Nachruf unter Korrespondenzen in Im deutschen Reich. Zeitschrift des Centralvereins deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens., VI. Jahrgang (1900), Heft 4, S. 208/209 (Digitalisat bei www.compactmemory.de).
 Jacob Toury: Die politischen Orientierungen der Juden in Deutschland, Mohr Siebeck, 1966, S. 111.
 Heinrich Ferdinand Curschmann: Blaubuch des Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen. Band 1, 1809–1899, Göttingen 2002, Nr. 624.
 Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Benfey, (1) Julius. In: Dirk Böttcher, Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon. Von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9, S. 48, .

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Rechtsanwalt (Deutschland)
Bankmanager
NLP-Mitglied
Corpsstudent (19. Jahrhundert)
Person des Judentums (Hannover)
Träger des Preußischen Königlichen Kronenordens 4. Klasse
Träger der Rote Kreuz-Medaille (Preußen)
Deutscher
Geboren 1836
Gestorben 1900
Mann

Julius Benfey