Santiano ist eine deutsche Band aus dem Norden Schleswig-Holsteins, die in ihren Liedern hauptsächlich seemännische Motive besingt. Ihre Plattenfirma bezeichnet den Musikstil als Shanty Rock.

Die Band mischt verschiedene Musikgenres wie Folk, Pop, Rock und Schlager und interpretiert auch traditionelle Volkslieder, Seemannslieder und Hits anderer Musiker neu. Beim Echo Pop wurde Santiano viermal als beste Gruppe in der Sparte volkstümliche Musik ausgezeichnet.

Der Bandname leitet sich vom gleichnamigen Chanson des französischen Sängers Hugues Aufray aus dem Jahr 1961 ab, das seinerseits auf dem traditionellen englischen Shanty O Santianna (All on the Plains of Mexico) basiert.

Geschichte
Die Idee zu Santiano stammt von Hartmut Krech, einem in Flensburg ansässigen Komponisten und Musikproduzenten der Firma Elephant Music, bei der alle Alben der Band produziert werden. Auch die Songs entstehen unter Krechs Federführung.

Er brachte die fünf Musiker 2011 zusammen, die bis dahin unterschiedliche Projekte verfolgt hatten. Hans-Timm Hinrichsen spielte von 1988 bis 1994 mit Jack McTiger and the New Deal Blues- und Rockmusik. Axel Stosberg gehörte zeitweise zum Ensemble des Ohnsorg-Theaters. Björn Both war von 1990 bis 2003 Frontmann der Band Late September Dogs. Andreas Fahnert war in den 1980er Jahren Mitglied der Band Rockwork. Er schrieb Filmmusiken, unter anderem für Werner-Filme. Pete Sage war lange als Begleitmusiker tätig, unter anderem von Marius Müller-Westernhagen, Mike Oldfield, der Kelly Family und zuletzt bei Achim Reichel.

Im Februar 2012 erschien bei We Love Music, einem Kooperationslabel von Universal Music und ProSiebenSat.1 Media, das erste Album der Band mit dem Titel Bis ans Ende der Welt. Es erreichte Platz eins der deutschen Albumcharts. Im selben Jahr absolvierte die Gruppe eine Tournee durch mehrere Städte im deutschsprachigen Raum, bei der sie auch bei Wacken Open Air auftraten. Im November 2012 erschien eine Dokumentation ihrer Tournee als Live-CD/-DVD.

Im Mai 2013 folgte das Album Mit den Gezeiten mit der Single-Auskopplung Gott muss ein Seemann sein. Sowohl das Album als auch die Single stiegen in die Charts ein. Es folgte eine Tour durch Deutschland, die Schweiz und Österreich. Seit 2013 etablierte sich außerdem im Sommer eine Open-Air-Konzertreihe der Band, in deren Rahmen jedes Jahr im Mai zwei Konzerte im Kalkbergstadion Bad Segeberg gespielt werden. Die Konzertreihe endet zudem stets mit zwei Konzerten in Ralswiek auf der Insel Rügen.

Weiterhin trat Santiano als Vorgruppe zur Tour Das Sommer-Event 2013 von Helene Fischer auf und nahm im März 2014 an der deutschen Vorentscheidung zum Eurovision Song Contest 2014, Unser Song für Dänemark, teil. Mit den Titeln The Fiddler on the Deck und Wir werden niemals untergehen erreichte die Gruppe das Halbfinale.

Seit 2012 erlitt Andreas Fahnert mehrere Hörstürze, sodass er auf ärztlichen Rat nicht mehr bei Live-Auftritten dabei ist. Seine Gesangsparts werden bei den Live-Auftritten von Axel Stosberg und Hans-Timm Hinrichsen übernommen. Zur Live-Besetzung gehören außerdem Dirk Schlag (Gitarre), Arne Wiegand (Keyboard) und Marco Moeller (Schlagzeug), der auf der Mit den Gezeiten-Tour von Timon Fenner vertreten wurde. Seit 2015 übernimmt Manne Uhlig die Position am Schlagzeug bei Live-Auftritten.

Das Album Von Liebe, Tod und Freiheit wurde im Mai 2015 veröffentlicht und bescherte der Band erneut Platz eins in den deutschen Albumcharts. Es folgte ab November 2015 eine Tournee, die bis September 2017 andauerte. Ein Open-Air-Konzert wurde dabei in der Berliner Waldbühne aufgenommen und im Dezember 2016 unter dem Titel Von Liebe, Tod und Freiheit – Live auf CD und DVD veröffentlicht. Im April 2017 fand die Akustik-Tour Die Ruhe vor dem Sturm statt.

Im Oktober 2017 erschien mit Im Auge des Sturms das vierte Studioalbum der Gruppe. Vorab wurden die Lieder Sail Away, Könnt ihr mich hören und Ich bring dich heim veröffentlicht. Im Juni 2019 zeichnete die Band in der Kulturwerft Gollan in Lübeck ein MTV Unplugged auf. Als Gäste waren Angelo Kelly, Michael Robert Rhein von In Extremo, Alexander Wesselsky von Eisbrecher, Ben Zucker, Wincent Weiss, Jennifer Haben von Beyond the Black, Oonagh und Alligatoah vertreten, für das Lied Die Sehnsucht ist mein Steuermann kam Andreas Fahnert auf die Bühne. Das Album wurde im Oktober 2019 veröffentlicht. Es war in limitierter Auflage auch als Vinyl-Schallplatte erhältlich.

2021 brachte Santiano das Studioalbum Wenn die Kälte kommt heraus. Es handelt sich um ein Konzeptalbum über eine Expedition in die Polarregionen. Vorab war im September das Lied Wenn die Kälte kommt erschienen. Außerdem ist als Bonustitel die im Februar 2021 mit Nathan Evans veröffentlichte Aufnahme von Wellerman enthalten. Eine geplante Tour wurde aufgrund der Genehmigungslage für Großveranstaltungen während der Corona-Pandemie auf April und Mai 2022 verschoben. Nachdem einige Konzerte stattgefunden hatten, erfolgte am 15. Mai der Abbruch der Tour, weil Björn Both positiv auf SARS-CoV-2 getestet worden war. Nach einigen Open-Air-Konzerten im Sommer wurden im September die ausgefallenen Konzerte der Hallentour nachgeholt.

Im Oktober 2022 erschien zum zehnten Bandjubiläum das Best-of-Album Die Sehnsucht ist mein Steuermann. Im August war bereits die englischsprachige Version von Santiano mit Nathan Evans und im September Die Antwort weiß der Wind veröffentlicht worden. Im April 2023 kündigte die Band für Oktober die Veröffentlichung eines neuen Albums mit dem Titel Doggerland an.

Soziales Engagement
Die Band brachte ein T-Shirt in Kooperation mit der Meeresschutzorganisation Sea Shepherd heraus. Für jedes verkaufte Shirt spendet Santiano 3 € an diese Organisation. Außerdem sammelte die Band Spenden für die José Carreras Leukämie-Stiftung. Auch die Seenotretter werden von Santiano unterstützt.

Im Rahmen ihres Engagements für die Aktion "Ocean Change" hat die Band für die Tournee "Wenn die Kälte kommt" im Jahr 2022 erheben lassen, welchen CO2-Fußabdruck die Konzerte hinterlassen. Erfasst wurden dabei die Emissionen aus dem reinen Tourneebetrieb (Logistik sowie Energieverbrauch und gastronomisches Angebot der Spielstätten) und die Emissionen der anreisenden Konzertbesuchenden (per Online-Umfrage). Die Ergebnisse wurden im Mai 2023 veröffentlicht.  Insgesamt hat die Tournee ca. 9.300 Tonnen CO2-Emissionen verursacht, was grob den Jahresemissionen von ca. 1.000 deutschen Durchschnittsbürgern entspricht. 98 % der Emissionen werden dabei durch die Konzertbesuchenden selbst verursacht (An- und Abreise und Konsum vor Ort). Lediglich jeweils 1 % werden durch die Veranstaltungsorte und die Tourneelogistik verursacht. Die Band hat angekündigt, die Emissionen durch eine Spende an das Ocean-Change-Projekt auszugleichen.

Diskografie

Auszeichnungen
 Die Eins der Besten
 2016
 2019: Platin eins der Besten (Im Auge des Sturms)

 Echo Pop
 2013: Beste Gruppe: Volkstümliche Musik
 2014: Beste Gruppe: Volkstümliche Musik
 2016: Beste Gruppe: Volkstümliche Musik
 2018: Beste Gruppe: Volkstümliche Musik

 Goldene Henne
 2015: Publikumspreis Musik

 Mein Star des Jahres
 2013: Erfolgreichstes Album des Jahres

Weblinks

 Website bei Universal Music

 "Santiano" – Seemanns-Pop frisch von der Förde auf shz.de

Einzelnachweise

Deutsche Band
Volkstümliche Musik
Schlagerband
Echo-Pop-Preisträger
Teilnehmer an der deutschen Vorentscheidung zum Eurovision Song Contest

Santiano


Yellowstone National Park in the northwest United States is home to a large variety of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians, many of which migrate within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. These animals are a major park attraction.

Large mammals

American bison

Bison are the largest grazing mammals in Yellowstone National Park. They are obligate herbivores, a grazer of grasslands and sedges in the meadows, the foothills, and even the high-elevation, forested plateaus of Yellowstone. Bison males, called bulls, can weigh upwards of 1,800 pounds. Females (cows) average about 1,300 pounds. Both stand approximately six feet tall at the shoulder, and can move with surprising speed to defend their young or when approached too closely by people. Bison breed from mid-July to mid-August, and bear one calf in April and May. Some wolf predation of bison is documented in Canada and has recently been observed in Yellowstone. Bison live an average lifespan of 20–25 years in the wild.

Yellowstone is the only place in the lower 48 states where a population of wild American bison has persisted since prehistoric times, although fewer than 50 native bison remained there in 1902. Fearing extinction, the park imported 21 bison from two privately owned herds, as foundation stock for a bison ranching project that spanned 50 years at the Lamar Buffalo Ranch in Yellowstone's Lamar Valley. Activities there included irrigation, hay-feeding, roundups, culling, and predator control, to artificially ensure herd survival. By the 1920s, some intermingling of the introduced and wild bison had begun. With protection from poaching, the native and transplanted populations increased. In 1936, bison were transplanted to historic habitats in the Firehole River and Hayden Valley. In 2003, the entire population numbered 1,477. Bison were trapped and herds periodically reduced until 1967, when only 397 bison were counted parkwide. All bison herd reduction activities were phased out after 1966, again allowing natural ecological processes to determine bison numbers and distribution. Presently, the park's bison population is estimated at about 4,000.

Bison are nomadic grazers, wandering high on Yellowstone's grassy plateaus in summer. Despite their slow gait, bison are surprisingly fast for animals that weigh more than half a ton. In winter, they use their large heads like a plow to push aside snow and find winter food. In the park interior where snows are deep, they winter in thermally influenced areas and around the geyser basins. Bison also move to winter range in the northern part of Yellowstone.

Bears

, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) population within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Yellowstone and surrounding areas) was estimated at about 718, with a minimum of 640 and a maximum of 796. The black bear (Ursus americanus) population within the same ecosystem was estimated at about 575, with a minimum of 500 and a maximum of 650.

While in spawning streams, Yellowstone cutthroat trout are preyed upon by numerous predators including black bears and grizzly bears. Due to their high digestibility, and protein and lipid content, spawning cutthroat trout are one of the highest sources of net digestible energy for grizzly bears in the Yellowstone ecosystem.  Cutthroat trout are an important late-spring and early-summer food source for bears, providing them the opportunity to regain body mass after den emergence, and assisting females with cubs meet the energetic demands of lactation. The average lifespan of a grizzly bear is about 22 years, and the average lifespan of a black bear is about 17 years.

With the reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to Yellowstone National Park, much interest has been shown regarding the effects of a restored wolf population on both grizzly bears and black bears. Grizzly bears, black bears, and gray wolves have historically coexisted in much of the same range throughout a large portion of North America.

Bears were once commonly observed along roadsides and within developed areas of Yellowstone National Park. Bears were attracted to these areas by the availability of human foods in the form of handouts and unsecured camp groceries and garbage. Although having bears readily visible along roadsides and within developed areas was very popular with park visitors, an average of 48 bear-caused human injuries occurred each year from 1930 through 1969. Rocky Mountain grizzly bears have killed several people in the park since the 1970s.

Park authorities initiated an intensive bear management program in 1970. The objectives were restoring the grizzly bear and black bear populations to subsistence on natural forage, and reducing bear-caused injuries to humans. As part of the bear management program, regulations prohibiting the feeding of bears were strictly enforced. As the bears became more desperate for food and more aggressive, more of them were encountered in camping areas. Over a hundred grizzly bears had to be euthanized in the next several years, putting the park's bear population on the brink of extinction. On July 28, 1975, under the authority of the Endangered Species Act, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service listed the grizzly bear as a threatened species in the lower 48 states.

Over the next several decades, the bears learned to hunt and forage for themselves from non-human food sources, and their population slowly grew. On March 22, 2007, the grizzly bear was taken off the endangered species list. In the years since it was listed as a threatened species, the Yellowstone grizzly bear population has increased to at least 640 by 2017.

From 1980 to 2002, over 62 million people visited Yellowstone National Park. During the same period, 32 people were injured by bears. Grizzly bear-inflicted injuries to humans in developed areas averaged approximately one per year during the 1930s through the 1950s, and four per year during the 1960s. Human injuries from black bears have decreased from averages of 46 per year from 1931 to 1969, to four per year during the 1970s, and less than one per year from 1980 to 2002. The chance of being injured by a bear while in the park is approximately one in 1.9 million. Eight known bear-caused human fatalities have occurred within the park since 1872, including two in 2011 and one in 2015. Seven of the eight bears were grizzlies, while the other was undetermined.

Bighorn sheep

Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) were once very numerous in western United States and were an important food source for humans. The "Sheep eaters", a band of Shoshone people, lived year-round in Yellowstone until 1880. Their principal food was bighorn sheep and they made their bows from sheep horns. By 1900, during an "epoch of relentless destruction by the skin hunters", bighorn numbers were reduced to a few hundred in the United States. In 1897 about 100-150 were estimated to be present in the park. By 1912, despite a disease (scab) contracted from domestic sheep, bighorns in the park had increased to more than 200 and travelers could find them with fair certainty by devoting a few days to searching around Mount Everts, Mount Washburn or other well-known ranges. In winter, small bands of sheep could then be seen every day between Mammoth and Gardiner. Bighorn sheep usually live 10–15 years in the wild.

Bobcats
In the early years of the 20th century, bobcats (Lynx rufus) were reported as "somewhat common" in the park. There have been 9 to 14 reported sightings each decade since 1960. These sightings have occurred throughout the park; about 80 percent have occurred in the northern half. Bobcats have been reported in about equal numbers during all seasons. In 1960, a bobcat was killed by a car near Squaw Lake (now Indian Pond) on the north shore of Yellowstone Lake; its skull was deposited in the Yellowstone Museum collection. Other roadkilled bobcats were reported in 1993 and 1996. In 1960, a young bobcat was reported on the porch of the administration building at Mammoth; other young bobcats have been reported at Pebble Creek bridge (February 1977) and at Canyon campground (July 1986), where one accompanied an adult bobcat.

No research has been conducted in Yellowstone to determine the numbers or distribution of this elusive animal that usually is solitary, nocturnal, and widely scattered over its range.

Unlike Canadian lynx, which they resemble, bobcats elsewhere have been highly adaptable to human-caused changes in environmental conditions; some biologists believe that there are more bobcats in the United States today than in colonial times. Yellowstone has many rock outcrops, canyons bordered by rock ledges, conifer forests, and semi-open areas that seem to offer conditions favorable for bobcats—adequate shelter, a variety of rodents, rabbits, hares, birds, and other small animals as well as seasonal carrion, for food. Carrion is seldom used if live prey is available. Studies elsewhere have shown that bobcats also may kill both young and adult antelope and deer; they stalk bedded adults and may be carried long distances while biting their prey in the neck. Bobcats live an average lifespan of about 7 years.

Visitors are advised to report any sightings of bobcats or bobcat tracks to a ranger or visitor center.  For animals so seldom recorded, every observation is considered useful and important.

Canada lynx
The Canada lynx is listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act.  Biologists studying the lynx in Yellowstone believe it has persisted in the park in some number since the park's creation in 1872.  A four-year study completed in 2005 concluded there is a small resident population of lynx in the park, but it is rarely seen directly or indirectly (tracks) by either biologists or visitors.

Coyotes

Yellowstone's coyotes (Canis latrans) are among the largest coyotes in the United States; adults average about 30 pounds (13–14 kg). and some weigh around 40 pounds (18 kg).

Coyotes live an average of about 6 years, although one Yellowstone coyote lived to be more than 24 before she was killed and eaten by a cougar. The coyote is a common predator in the park, often seen alone or in packs, traveling through the park's wide open valleys hunting small mammals. But they are widely distributed and their sign can also be found in the forests and thermal areas throughout Yellowstone. They are capable of killing large prey, especially when they cooperatively hunt.

The reintroduction of wolves in 1995 has significantly decreased the coyote population, although those who remain often scavenge from wolf kills. Throughout the restoration project, coyote research has continued, with an eye toward identifying the interactions between coyotes and wolves and on assessing the effects of wolves on coyote populations. During planning and environmental assessment of the effects of wolf restoration, biologists anticipated that coyotes would compete with the larger canid, perhaps resulting in disruption of packs and numerical declines.

Coyotes occasionally lose their wariness of humans and frequent roadsides or developed areas, becoming conditioned to human food by receiving handouts or picking up food scraps. They can quickly learn bad habits like roadside begging behavior. This leads to potential danger for humans and coyotes. Several instances of coyote aggression toward humans have occurred in the park, including one that involved an actual attack. Habituation most likely played a role in this unusual coyote behavior.

Elk

Elk or wapiti (Cervus canadensis) are the most abundant large mammal found in Yellowstone; paleontological evidence confirms their continuous presence for at least 1,000 years. Yellowstone National Park was established in 1872, when market hunting of all large grazing animals was rampant. Not until after 1886, when the United States Army was called in to protect the park and wildlife slaughter was brought under control, did the large animals increase in number. In recent years, however, Yellowstone's elk population has plummeted. The Northern Herd, the only herd that winters in the park, has declined from nearly 20,000 animals in 1994 to less than 4,000 in 2013. Ecologists have linked this decline to a declining population of cutthroat trout in Yellowstone Lake, caused by invasive lake trout. With less fish to eat, grizzly bears began to eat more elk calves, causing a steep decline in elk numbers.

More than 30,000 elk from 7-8 different herds summer in Yellowstone and approximately 15,000 to 22,000 winter in the park. The subspecies of elk that lives here are found from Arizona to northern Canada along the Rocky Mountain chain; other species of elk were historically distributed from coast to coast, but disappeared from the eastern United States in the early 19th century. Some other subspecies of elk still occupy coastal regions of California, Washington, and Oregon. Elk are the second largest member of the deer family (moose are the largest). Adult males, or bulls, range upwards of 700 pounds (~320 kg) while females, or cows, average 500-525 pounds (~225–240 kg). Their coats are reddish brown with heavy, darker-colored manes and a distinct yellowish rump patch. Elk usually live about 15 years in the wild.

Bulls grow antlers annually from the time they are nearly one year old. When mature, a bull's "rack" may have 6 to 8 points or tines on each side and weigh more than 30 pounds. The antlers are usually shed in March or April, and begin regrowing in May, when the bony growth is nourished by blood vessels and covered by furry-looking "velvet." Antler growth ceases each year by August, when the velvet dries up and bulls begin to scrape it off by rubbing against trees, in preparation for the autumn mating season or rut. A bull may gather 20-30 cows into his harem during the mating season, often clashing or locking antlers with another mature male for the privilege of dominating the herd group. By November, mating season ends and elk generally move to their winter ranges. Calves weighing 25-40 pounds are born in late May or early June.

Moose

Moose (Alces alces shirasi Nelson), the largest member of the deer family, were reportedly very rare in northwest Wyoming when Yellowstone National Park was established in 1872. Subsequent protection from hunting and wolf control programs may have contributed to increased numbers but suppression of forest fires probably was the most important factor, since moose here depend on mature fir forests for winter survival.

Surveys in the late 1980s suggested a total park population of fewer than 1000 moose. The moose calf crop has been declining since the fires of 1988. During that summer there was also high predation of moose by grizzly bears in small patches of surviving timber. The winter following the fires many old moose died, probably as a combined result of the loss of good moose forage and a harsh winter. The fires forced some moose into poorer habitats, with the result that some almost doubled their home range, using deeper snow areas than previously, and sometimes browsing burned lodgepole pines.

Moose are commonly observed in the park's southwestern corner along the Bechler and Fall rivers, in the riparian zones around Yellowstone Lake, in the Soda Butte Creek, Pelican Creek, Lewis River, and Gallatin River drainages, and in the Willow Park area between Mammoth and Norris. Summer moose migrations from south and west of the park into Yellowstone have been confirmed by radio telemetry. Moose usually live to 20 years in the wild.

Mountain goats
Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) are not native in the park but were introduced into the Absaroka Range in Montana in the 1940s. They migrated into the park and breeding populations established themselves in the northwestern and northeastern regions of the park in the 1990s. As of 2008, the number of goats in and adjacent to the park is estimated to be 175–225. This colonization of a non-native species has raised concerns about adverse effects on alpine habitats. Surveys in 2002 and 2003 suggest that ridgetop vegetation cover is lower, and barren areas along alpine ridges are more prevalent in areas with relatively high goat use. Competition with high densities of mountain goats could also negatively affect bighorn sheep, whose range overlaps with mountain goats. Mountain goats generally live 15 years in the wild.

Mountain lions

The mountain lion (Puma concolor), also called the cougar, is the largest member of the cat family living in Yellowstone.  Mountain lions can weigh up to 200 pounds (~90 kg), although lions in Yellowstone are thought to range between 140 and 160 pounds (~65 and ~70 kg) for males and around 100 pounds (45 kg) for females.  Two to three kittens may be born at any time of year, although most arrive in summer and fall.  For reasons that are not clear, only about 50 percent of kittens survive their first year.  The current population of lions in Yellowstone is estimated to be 18-24 animals and is thought to be increasing. Mountain lions live an average lifespan of about 12 years in the wild.

Mountain lions were significantly reduced by predator control measures during the early 20th century.  It is reported that 121 lions were removed from the park between the years 1904 and 1925.  At that time, the remaining population was estimated  to be 12 individuals.  Mountain lions apparently existed at very low numbers between 1925 and 1940.  Reports of lions in Yellowstone have increased steadily from 1 each year between 1930 and 1939 to about 16 each year between 1980 and 1988.  However, increases in visitor travel in Yellowstone and improvements in record keeping during this period probably contributed to this trend.

In 1987, the first study of mountain lion ecology was initiated in Yellowstone National Park.  The research documented population dynamics of mountain lions in the northern Yellowstone ecosystem inside and outside the park boundary, determined home ranges and habitat requirements, and assessed the role of lions as a predator in the ecosystem.  In recent years in other areas of the West, mountain lions have occasionally attacked humans.  No documented lion/human confrontations have occurred in Yellowstone.

Mule deer and white-tailed deer

The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a deer whose habitat is in the western half of North America. It gets its name from its large mule-like ears. In Yellowstone mule deer are commonly found in forests, grasslands, and shrublands.

The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) occurs in aspen parklands and deciduous river bottomlands within the central and northern Great Plains, and in mixed deciduous riparian corridors, river valley bottomlands, and lower foothills of the northern Rocky Mountain regions from Wyoming to southeastern British Columbia.  It is an occasional visitor to these habitats in the Yellowstone region. Both mule and white-tailed deer live an average lifespan of 10 to 15 years in the wild.

Gray wolf

Northern Rocky Mountain wolves, a subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), were native to Yellowstone when the park was established in 1872. Predator control was practiced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Between 1914 and 1926, at least 136 wolves were killed in the park; by the 1940s, wolf packs were rarely reported. By the 1970s, scientists found no evidence of a wolf population in Yellowstone; wolves persisted in the lower 48 states only in northern Minnesota and on Isle Royale in Michigan. Canadian grey wolves were introduced into Yellowstone in 1995. This move has returned wolves to land that was once ruled by the canine. They currently exist in several packs, the largest of which are the Slough Creek, Yellowstone Delta, and Leopold packs. The wolves had to "re-learn" an instinct that their ancestors once had: hunting bison. Being used to the elk in Canada, the wolves were dumbfounded by the large, burly bison found all over Yellowstone. However, their main prey remains elk. They have made many appearances on National Geographic Channel documentaries. Wolves in Yellowstone can live as long as 10 years in the wild, though 6 to 8 is normal.

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service provides weekly updates on the wolves of the Rocky Mountain region including wolves of Yellowstone.
This site has stated that at the end of 2011 there was at least 98 wolves in ten packs and two loner wolves in the park.

Red fox

A montane subspecies of Red fox (Vulpes vulpes macroura) occurs in the park and Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. These foxes are not overly common due to predation and displacement by the more common coyote. They are most commonly found in forested areas of the park.

Small mammals

There are at least 50 small mammal species known to occur in Yellowstone National Park, including four common species of bats: big brown bat, little brown bat, long-legged bat, and silver-haired bat. Squirrels, rabbits ,  skunks, raccoons, badgers, otters, beavers, porcupines, vole, mice, and shrew species are common, but many are nocturnal and rarely seen by visitors.  The Uinta ground squirrel, least chipmunk, golden-mantled ground squirrel and American red squirrel are commonly encountered.

Weasel species, including the North American river otter are prevalent in the park.  North American beaver (Castor canadensis) were almost trapped out of the park region prior to its creation.  In 1998, beaver populations were making a comeback and an estimated 500 beavers were living in the park with the densest colonial in the Bechler River and Fall River region, the Yellowstone River delta above Yellowstone Lake and the lower Madison River and its tributaries.

Birds

Since the creation of the park in 1872, 318 species of birds have been documented within its boundaries.  Although Yellowstone is not a birding mecca because of its high altitude and cold winters, it is home to a variety of interesting bird species that attract visitor attention every year.  The park has a good resident population of bald eagles, trumpeter swans, common loons, ospreys, American white pelicans, and sandhill cranes.  The extensive rivers, lakes and wetlands are summer homes to large numbers of waterfowl, while the forests and meadows host many different species of warblers, sparrows and other passerine birds.

Amphibians and reptiles

Yellowstone is home for four species of amphibians. Glacial activity and current cool and dry conditions are likely responsible for their relatively low numbers in Yellowstone.

Although no Yellowstone reptile or amphibian species are currently listed as threatened or endangered, several — including the boreal toad —  are thought to be declining in the West. Surveys and monitoring are underway to try to determine if amphibian populations are declining in Yellowstone National Park. In 2014, a population of plains spadefoot toad was found in the park. More common species include the boreal chorus frog, columbian spotted frog, and the blotched tiger salamander.

Cool, dry conditions limit Yellowstone's reptiles to six species and population numbers for these species are not known. Known reptile species in the park: prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis), bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi), valley garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis fitchi), wandering garter snake (Thamnophis elegans vagrans), rubber boa (Charina bottae), sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus graciosus).

In 1991 park staff began cooperating with researchers from Idaho State University to sample additional park habitats for reptiles and amphibians. This led to establishment of long-term monitoring sites in the park. The relatively undisturbed nature of the park and the baseline data may prove useful in testing hypotheses concerning the apparent declines of several species of toads and frogs in the western United States. Reptile and amphibian population declines may be caused by such factors as drought, pollution, disease, predation, habitat loss and fragmentation, introduced fish and other non-native species.

Fish

Yellowstone Lake supports the largest inland population of cutthroat trout in the world, and is the core of the remaining undisturbed habitat for native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) in the Yellowstone ecosystem. Each spring, cutthroat trout migrate from the lake to its tributaries to spawn.

Yellowstone cutthroat trout generally declined in the second half of the 20th century due to angler overharvest, competition with exotic fishes, and overzealous egg collection. Populations rebounded in the park after the advent of catch-and-release-only fishing rules in the 1970s, but new and aggressive invaders are causing an increasing threat to these native fish and alarming park fisheries biologists. Nonnative lake trout, an effective fish predator, were discovered in Yellowstone Lake in 1994. Throughout the west cutthroat trout populations preyed upon by introduced lake trout have typically declined, exhibited lower growth, or have disappeared. Aggressive lake trout control efforts by the National Park Service and no harvest limits have resulted in removing thousands of lake trout from Yellowstone Lake since 1994, including more than 12,000 in 2000. Still, the number of Yellowstone cutthroat trout monitored during the annual fall count in Yellowstone Lake was lower in recent years than at any other time in the 25-year history of the monitoring effort. Whirling disease, which has been implicated in recent years in the decline of trout populations in many western states, was discovered in Yellowstone Lake in 1998. So far, it is unclear which of these two nonnative invaders has been the greater factor in the decline of Yellowstone cutthroat trout, but there is no question they are causing it.

Yellowstone cutthroat trout have declined throughout the west and are currently designated as a "Species of Special Concern-Class A" by the American Fisheries Society. A formal petition to list this subspecies as "threatened" throughout its range was submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1998. Yellowstone National Park represents approximately 91% of the current range of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and contains 85% of the historical lake habitat for this subspecies, so the park is considered crucial to the survival of the species.

Other native sport fish, including westslope cutthroat trout and Montana grayling, have been under catch-and-release-only fishing rules since 1973. This is the first time mountain whitefish have been placed under such rules in Yellowstone National Park. The new rule gives mountain whitefish equal status to the other native sport fish in the park.

See also
 List of animals of the Rocky Mountains

Notes

Further reading

Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone
Yellowstone
Yellowstone
Fauna of the Rocky Mountains
Yellowstone

List of animals of Yellowstone


La Copa de Naciones 2011 (también llamada Carling Nations Cup por razones de publicidad) fue la primera edición del torneo entre los equipos nacionales de , ,  y . Los primeros dos partidos fueron jugados en Dublín en febrero, y los cuatro juegos faltantes se disputaron en mayo de 2011. El torneo fue ganado por , quien ganó todos sus juegos sin recibir un gol.

Estadio
El Aviva Stadium recientemente reconstruido fue seleccionado para ser la sede de los 6 juegos del torneo de 2011.

Clasificación final

Todos los juegos en hora local.

Resultados

Goleadores
3 goles
 Robbie Keane

2 goals
 Kenny Miller
 Robert Earnshaw

1 goal
 Christophe Berra
 Kris Commons
 Simon Cox
 Damien Duff
 Keith Fahey
 Darron Gibson
 James McArthur
 James Morrison
 Aaron Ramsey
 Stephen Ward

1 goal (Autogol)
 Craig Cathcart (para )

Referencias

Fútbol en 2011
Fútbol en Irlanda
Eventos deportivos celebrados en Irlanda

Copa de Naciones 2011


Der Sender Kreuzweiler ist eine Sendeanlage des Südwestrundfunks (ehemals des Südwestfunks) zur Ausstrahlung von Hörfunksignalen. Er befindet sich nordwestlich der Ortschaft Dilmar nahe der deutsch-luxemburgischen Grenze. Als Antennenträger kommt ein durch Metallrohre gestützter Rohrmast zum Einsatz.

Der Sender versorgt hauptsächlich die Ortschaften im äußersten Südwesten von Rheinland-Pfalz entlang der Mosel, u. a. Kreuzweiler, Palzem, Esingen usw.

Frequenzen und Programme

Analoger Hörfunk (UKW)

Analoges Fernsehen (PAL)
Vor der Umstellung auf DVB-T diente der Sendestandort weiterhin für analoges Fernsehen:

Siehe auch
 Liste von Sendeanlagen in Rheinland-Pfalz

Palzem
Bauwerk im Landkreis Trier-Saarburg
Kreuzweiler Sender

Sender Kreuzweiler


Shalbourne est une paroisse civile du comté de Wiltshire.

Avant 1895, la moitié de la paroisse de Shalbourne, y compris son église, faisait partie du Berkshire.

Sa population était de  en 2011.

Personnalités liées à Shalbourne
 Jethro Tull (agronome), mort en 1741 à Shalbourne

Notes et références

Liens externes

Village dans le Wiltshire
Paroisse civile dans le Wiltshire

Shalbourne


Kestirimci bakım tam zamanında bakımdır. Kestirimci bakım, makina veya ekipmanlardan bazı fiziksel verilerin (titreşim, sıcaklık vb.) alınıp işlenmesinden sonra arızanın ne zaman gerçekleşebileceğini, yüksek bir doğrulukla, yeteri kadar zaman önce bilebilmektedir.

Kullanılan Yöntemler
 Model Bazlı Arıza Erken Uyarı: Sadece sisteme verilen akım ve gerilim bilgileri kullanılarak o sistemde oluşabilecek mekanik ve elektriksel arızaların tespit yöntemidir. Bu yöntemle öncelikle izlenecek sistemin, öğrenilmesi prosesi tamamlanır. Öğrenme verileri kullanılarak sistemde bir problem olup olmadığı tespit edilebilir. Bu yöntemle eksenel ayarsızlık, balanssızlık, kaplin ayarsızlığı, rulman ve rulmanlı yatak arızalarıyla izolasyon, kısa devre gibi elektrik ile ilgili arızalar önceden tespit edilebilir. Özellikle su kanalizasyon idareleri, çimento, demir çelik, enerji, petrokimya alanlarında yaygın olarak kullanılan uygulaması ve kullanımı son derece kolay, pahalı olmayan Türkiye'de geliştirilmiş bir dünya teknolojisidir.
 Titreşim Analizi: Günümüzde en çok uygulanan çeşididir. Temeli dönen elemanların her birinin dönme devriyle ve kendi geometrik yapısıyla alakalı bir frekansa sahip olmasına dayanır. Rulmanlı yatak, kaymalı yatak, kaplin, kayış-kasnak mekanizmaları, dişli çarklar, miller gibi dönen makine elemanlarındaki arızaların bulunmasında oldukça yaygındır. Kağıt, petrokimya, çimento endüstrisi gibi dönen ekipmanların çok ve kritik oldukları tesislerde uygulaması oldukça geniştir.
 Yağ Analizi: Birlikte ve birbirine sürtünerek çalışan parçaların yağlanması bir zorunluluktur. Ancak yağlama ne kadar iyi de olsa sistemlerde mutlaka aşınma olur ve aşınan parçacıklar yağa karışır. Yağın içindeki parçacık miktarına bakılarak sistemin aşınma durumu tespit edilir..
 Sıcaklık Analizi: Daha çok ısı kaçaklarının belirlenmesinde kullanılan ve termal görüntülemeyle uygulanan bir yöntemdir.

Kaynakça

Makine elemanları
Bakım

Kestirimci bakım


رعاية المجتمعات (sponsored communities) هي أحد أنواع الشبكات الاجتماعية (social network) وهي مجتمعات أنشأت على الإنترنت بواسطة الحكومات، المؤسسات الربحية التجارية أو مؤسسات لاربحية بهدف تحقيق الأهداف التنظيمية. وهذه الأهداف من الممكن أن تختلف على حسب التوجه.

أنواع رعاية المجتمعات

رعاية المجتمعات الحكومية
 فعندما نأتي إلى المؤسسات الحكومية قد يكون الهدف هو زيادة المعلومات المتاحة للمواطنين.
 أو قد يكون الهدف توعية المواطنين وإيجاد فرص عمل.

المجتمعات الغير ربحية
 قد تكون هذه المجتمعات تابعه لمنظمات غير ربحية مثل مجتمع لمكافحة التدخين يزودهم بمعلومات عن أضرار التدخين ويساعدهم في دعمهم للإقلاع عنه.
 الجمعية السعودية لمرضى السرطان وهدفها تزويد المرضى بما يحتاجوه من معلومات عن المرض ودعم المرضى.

المجتمعات التجارية

 قد يكون المجتمع تبع لشركة تجارية مثل palmOne وهنا مستخدمي هذا الجوال يتفاعلون مع بعضهم البعض ويتلقون الدعم في المشاكل التقنية التي تواجههم.
 أو قد يكون هذا المجتمع يقوم بأعمال خيرية تدعمه شركة تجارية مثل تايد وحملتها «تايد تحمل الأمل» Tide Loads of Hope
 وقد يكون هو موقع تابع لمنتج (product) مثل تايد

وهذا المنتج تابع لشركة بروكتر & قامبل (Procter&Gamble) وهنا تعمل ترويج في هذا المجتمع لمنتجها تايد وتدع زبائنه يتواصلون هناك

وهو تابع لمنتج «أولويز» الذي بدوره هو تابع لشركة (Procter&Gamble)

 أو قد يكون هدفها هو مزادات على الإنترنت مثل ebay

ولو أجرينا مقارنة بين المجتمعات التجارية (commercial community) وبين المجتمعات اللاربحية (nonprofit community) وأخذنا مثلاً مجتمع palmone كتجاري ومجتمع العافية (wellness community) كلاربحية

نجد أن هدف مجتمع palmone هو تزويدنا بمعلومات عن المنتج ودعم الزبائن، لكن wellness community هدفه بتوعيتنا عن معلومات عن المرض ودعم المريض. وفي palmone نرى أنه يجني منه ربح مادي والآخر لا يتطلع إلى الربح المادي من هذا المجتمع.

الشبكة الاجتماعية الداخلية للشركة

العديد من الشركات أمثال Cisco, IBM, HP طورت شبكات اجتماعية داخلية للشركة (internal corporate social networks) بهدف مشاركة المعرفة بين الموظفين.

الخلاصة

المنظمات الراعية (sponsored-organization) لديها أصحاب مصلحة رئيسين (stakeholders) ومستفيدين مثل الزبائن (customer) والموظفين (employees) الذين هم جزءا لا يتجزأ منها، ولذلك أسست هذه المجتمعات لتعزز العلاقة بين المنظمة والأعضاء سواء كانوا هم زبائن أو موظفين.

المصادر
Laudon, K., & Traver, C. (2009). E-commerce: Business Technology Society. Pearson International edition, 11-10.
http://blogs.forrester.com/marketing/social_computing/
http://p2pfoundation.net/Autonomous_vs_Sponsored_Open_Source_Community
http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue1/porter.html

مراجع

خدمات

رعاية المجتمعات


Gara Radna este o gară care deservește orașul Lipova, județul Arad, România.

Radna

Gara Radna


The University of Parma (, UNIPR) is a public university in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is organised in nine departments. As of 2016 the University of Parma has about 26,000 students.

History
During the 13th-14th centuries there was an educational institution, studium, in Parma, but it was closed in 1387 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan. The university was opened in 1412 by Niccolò III d'Este, and, although no papal bull was issued, the degrees were granted. In 1420 Filippo Maria Visconti closed it again.

Although there were several attempts to revive the university, it functioned only as a "paper university", granting degrees without teaching. In 1601, the university was finally reopened by Ranuccio I Farnese, and the papal bill was given. It was a joint institution with a Society of Jesus, and a third of staff were teachers from a local Jesuit school, who taught in a separate building and by Jesuit curriculum. There were usually about 27-32 teachers and 300-400 students in the 17th century. Logic, natural history, mathematics and theology were taught by Jesuits and law and medicine by civil teachers. Among the most important Jesuits who taught in Parma should be mentioned Giovanni Battista Riccioli, and Daniello Bartoli.

In 1768, Ferdinand I expelled Jesuits and the curriculum was modernized. Student protests resulted in closure of the university by Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, in 1831; only in 1854 did Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois re-open it. The university then comprised faculties of theology, law, medicine, physics and mathematics, philosophy, and literature, as well as schools of obstetrics, pharmacy, and veterinary medicine.

After the Risorgimento, the government of newly united Italy divided the universities of the country into two grades. In 1862, the University of Parma was declared grade B, its financing was reduced, and the quality of education degraded. It was equalized with grade A universities only in 1887.

Notable people
Francesco Accarigi (c. 1557–1622), professor of civil law
Cesare Beccaria  (c. 1738–1794), economist and criminologist
Attilio Bertolucci (1911–2000), poet
Alberto Broggi (born 1966), engineer
Marta Catellani, chemist
Flavio Delbono (born 1959), economist and politician
Vittorio Gallese (born 1959), neuroscientist
Beppo Levi (1875–1961), mathematician
Macedonio Melloni (c. 1798—1854), physicist
Giuseppe Mingione (born 1972), mathematician
Piero Mozzi (born 1950), medical doctor and naturopath
Bernardino Ramazzini (c. 1633–1714), professor of medicine and father of Occupational Medicine
Giacomo Rizzolatti (born 1937), neuroscientist
Cesare Zavattini (1902–1989), screenwriter

Organization

The university is now divided into 9 departments.

 Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability
 Department of Economics and Management
 Department of Engineering and Architecture
 Department of Food and Drug
 Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries
 Department of Law, Politics and International Studies
 Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences
 Department of Medicine and Surgery
 Department of Veterinary Science

From 2012 to 2016 the university was divided into 18 departments:

 Department of Arts and Literature, History and Social Studies
 Department of Biomedical,  Biotechnological and translational Sciences
 Department of Chemistry
 Department of Civil, Environmental, Land Management, Engineering and  Architecture - DICATEA
 Department of Classics, Modern Languages, Education, Philosophy (A.L.E.F.)
 Department of Clinical and experimental Medicine
 Department of Economics
 Department of Food Science
 Department of Industrial Engineering
 Department of Information Engineering
 Department of Law
 Department of Life sciences
 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
 Department of Neuroscience
 Department of Pharmacy
 Department of Physics and earth sciences "Macedonio Melloni"
 Department of Surgery

The university was formerly divided into 12 faculties:

 Faculty of Agriculture
 Faculty of Architecture
 Faculty of Arts and Philosophy
 Faculty of Economics
 Faculty of Engineering
 Faculty of Law
 Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Natural Science.
 Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
 Faculty of Pharmacy
 Faculty of Political Sciences
 Faculty of Psychology
 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Research Labs in the  Department of Engineering and Architecture

 Industrial Automation Laboratory
 IoT Lab

See also
 European College of Parma
 List of Italian universities
 List of medieval universities
 ICoN Interuniversity Consortium for Italian Studies
 Library assessment

References

Books

See also
 List of Jesuit sites

External links
 University of Parma Website
 Itinerari medievali: risorse per lo studio del Medioevo
 Scholars and Literati at the University of Parma (1412–1800), Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae – RETE

Veterinary schools
Universities and colleges in Emilia-Romagna
Schools in Parma
Buildings and structures in Parma
University of Parma
962 establishments
Veterinary medicine in Italy

University of Parma


Seyyid Bey (1873, İzmir - 8 Mart 1925, İstanbul), Türk hukukçu, siyasetçi ve yazar. Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı'nın 1., 2., 3. Dönem İzmir ve 22 Ekim 1916'da Ayan Âzâsı, II. Dönem İzmir Milletvekili ve V. İcra Vekilleri Heyeti ile 1. TC Hükûmeti'nde Adalet Bakanı olarak görev yapmış, hilafetin kaldırılmasında kilit bir rol oynamıştır.

Hayatı
1873'te İzmir'de doğmuştur. Medrese eğitimini takiben, İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi'nden mezun olmuş, aynı üniversitede fıkıh dersleri vermeye başlamıştır. Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebûsan'ına iki dönem İzmir mebusu seçilmiştir. Cumhuriyet'in ilanıyla eşzamanlı TBMM 2. Dönem'de de İzmir milletvekili olmuş, kurulan kabinede Adliye Vekili olarak yer almıştır.

3 Mart 1924'te, 1. İnönü Hükûmeti'nin son günlerinde Meclis'te hilafetin kaldırılmasına dönük, "Hilafetin Mahiyet-i Şeriyyesi" konulu, günümüzde de tarihi addedilen bir uzunca konuşma yapmış ve karar alınmıştır. Milletvekili Kamil Miras'ın daha sonra İstiklal Mahkemesi'nde metnin hazırlanmasında payı bulunduğu ifadesi, konuşmasının muhtemelen bir ekip çalışmasının ürünü olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Meclis oturumunda İsmet İnönü'nün "Halife Türkiye'nin itibarıdır" yaklaşımıyla hilafetin kaldırılmasına karşı çıkmış olması da, günümüzden geriye bakıldığında, bir taktik hamlesi olabilir. Seyit Bey, bu konuşmada milli hakimiyet ilkesinden hareketle, hilafetin kaldırılmasının İslam dini açısından bir mahsur taşımayacağını savunmuş ve meclisteki muhalefeti de büyük ölçüde ikna etmiştir. Bu belirleyici konuşmanın neticesinde Meclis hilafeti ilga etmiştir.

1924 Anayasası'nın hazırlanmasında da önemli rol oynayan Seyit Bey, daha sonra dile getirdiği bazı teklifler nedeniyle gözden düşmüş ve baskı altında bakanlık makamından ayrılmak zorunda kalmıştır. Bunun üzerine akademisyenliğe geri dönmüştür.

Ertesi yıl, 8 Mart 1925'te İstanbul'da öldü. II. Mahmut Türbesi'nde gömülüdür.

Eserleri
 Usul-i Fıkıh Dersleri (1912)
 Usul-i Fıkıh Dersleri - Mebahis-i Hüsün ve Kubuh (1914)
 Usul-i Fıkıh - Medhal (1917)
 Hak Mefhumu ve Kuvvei Müeyyidesinin Suret-i Telakkisi Hakkında İslâm Felsefe-i Hukuku ve Avrupa Felsefe-i Hukuku Arasında Bir Mukayese (1922)
 Usul-i Fıkıh Mebahisinden İrade, Kaza ve Kader (1922)
 Hilafet ve Hakimiyet-i Milliye (1924, anonim yayımlanmıştır)
 Hilafetin Mahiyet-i Şer'iyyesi (1924, konuşma metni)

Notlar ve Kaynaklar

1873 doğumlular
1925 yılında ölenler
19. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
20. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
20. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
İzmir doğumlu siyasetçiler
TBMM 2. dönem İzmir milletvekilleri
1908-1912 Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı İzmir üyeleri
1912 Nisan-Ağustos Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı İzmir üyeleri
1914-1918 Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı İzmir üyeleri
V. Mehmed tarafından seçilen Meclis-i Âyan üyeleri
İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi öğretim üyeleri
II. Mahmud Türbesi haziresine defnedilenler

Seyyid Bey


Onthophagus lamellicornis é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus da família Scarabaeidae da ordem Coleoptera.

História
Foi descrita cientificamente pela primeira vez no ano de 1953 por Frey.

Referências

Ligações externas

lamellicornis
Coleópteros descritos em 1953

Onthophagus lamellicornis


Marmelat, meyvelerden yapılan tatlı yiyecek. Taze ya da kuru meyvelerin rendelenerek ya da ezilerek şekerle kaynatılması ve püre durumuna getirilmesiyle oluşur. Reçelden daha çok kaynatılır ve suyunu daha çok çeker. Dolayısıyla akışkanlığı reçele göre daha azdır. Dayanıklı bir besin maddesi olan marmelat, bazı kimyasal maddelerin karıştırılmasıyla da uzun süre bozulmadan saklanabilir. Limon, kızılcık, mandalina, portakal, bergamot veya bu meyvelerin değişik kombinasyonlarıyla yapılabilir. Ayva peltesi anlamına gelen ve Portekizce bir sözcük olan marmelada kelimesinden türemiştir. Türkçeye ise Fransızca üzerinden geçmiştir.

Kaynakça

Reçeller

Marmelat


David Douglas Crosby OMI (* 28. Juni 1949 in Marathon) ist ein kanadischer Geistlicher und Bischof von Hamilton.

Leben
David Douglas Crosby trat der Ordensgemeinschaft der Oblaten (OMI) bei, legte die Profess am 16. September 1973 ab und empfing am 27. September 1975 die Priesterweihe.

Papst Johannes Paul II. ernannte ihn am 24. Oktober 1997 zum Bischof von Labrador City-Schefferville. Die Bischofsweihe spendete ihm der Erzbischof von Keewatin-Le Pas, Peter Alfred Sutton OMI, am 2. Januar des nächsten Jahres; Mitkonsekratoren waren Pierre Morissette, Bischof von Baie-Comeau, und Raymond John Lahey, Bischof von St. George's.

Am 6. August 2003 wurde er zum Bischof von St. George's ernannt, ab 2007 von Corner Brook und Labrador. Am 24. September 2010 wurde er zum Bischof von Hamilton ernannt und am 8. November desselben Jahres in das Amt eingeführt. Am 1. Juni 2022 berief ihn Papst Franziskus zudem zum Mitglied der Kongregation für den Gottesdienst und die Sakramentenordnung.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Römisch-katholischer Bischof (21. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (20. Jahrhundert)
Bistum Hamilton
Oblate der Unbefleckten Jungfrau Maria
Kanadier
Geboren 1949
Mann

David Douglas Crosby


Hvassahraun er jörð rétt austan við Vatnsleysuströnd og Kúagerði á norðanverðum Reykjanesskaga og heyrir til sveitarfélagsins Voga. Hvassahraun er norðan við Geldingahraun, austan við Rjúpnadalshraun og vestan við Selhraun og Almenninga. Jörðin er báðum megin við Reykjanesbraut.

Komið hefur til tals að gera nýjan innanlandsflugvöll í staðinn fyrir Reykjavíkurflugvöll í Hvassahrauni sunnan Reykjanesbrautar. Veðurstöð var rekin í Hvassahrauni 2001 til 2009 til að kanna aðstæður fyrir flug.

Tilvísanir

Sveitarfélagið Vogar

Hvassahraun


Les relations entre la Chine et les Maldives font référence aux relations étrangères entre les deux pays. La Chine possède une ambassade à Malé qui ouvre ses portes en novembre 2011, et les Maldives possèdent une ambassade à Pékin qui ouvre ses portes en 2009. Les relations diplomatiques sont établies en 1972.

Visites diplomatiques
En 1999, le chef d'état-major de l'Armée populaire de libération visite Malé, et en 2001 le Premier ministre Zhu Rongji se rend à son tour dans la capitale. En 2002, le ministre de la Défense et de la Sécurité nationale des Maldives se rend en Chine. En 2010, le président Mohamed Nasheed effectue une visite d'État en Chine.

En mai 2011, Wu Bangguo, président du Congrès populaire national et membre du Comité permanent du Politburo, se rend aux Maldives. Puis en septembre 2012, le président Mohammed Waheed Hassan rencontre le Premier ministre Wen Jiabao en Chine.

En octobre 2012, Li Changchun, membre du Comité permanent du Politburo du Parti communiste chinois, rend visite au président maldivien Mohammed Waheed Hassan. Il déclare que "la Chine continuera à fournir une assistance afin de promouvoir la croissance sociale et économique des Maldives et de soutenir l'infrastructure du pays et le développement des ressources humaines". En décembre 2012, le ministre de la Défense et de la Sécurité nationale des Maldives se rend en Chine.

En septembre 2014, le président Abdulla Yameen se rend en Chine et le mois suivant, Xi Jinping, président et secrétaire général du Parti communiste chinois, rend visite au président maldivien Abdulla Yameen. En août 2017, trois navires de guerre de la marine chinoise font escale à Malé. En décembre 2017, en Chine, le président Yameen signe un accord de libre-échange avec la Chine, il s'agit du premier accord de libre-échange des Maldives.

Allégations de piège de la dette
À la suite de la défaite d'Abdulla Yameen en septembre 2018, le gouvernement d'Ibrahim Mohamed Solih fait part de ses inquiétudes quant au niveau de la dette chinoise contractée par le gouvernement de Yameen. En décembre 2019, le président du Conseil du peuple et ancien président, Mohamed Nasheed, qualifie les dettes contractées pour la construction de projets tels que le pont de Sinamalé, de . D'anciens responsables maldiviens et des représentants chinois critiquent le manque de comptabilité détaillée de Nasheed et s'inquiètent du fait que le montant est toujours important.

Coopération en matière d'infrastructures
Sous le président Mohamed Nasheed, Pékin finance un complexe de logements à Hulhumalé, "le plus grand projet de logements civils de l'histoire du pays et le premier projet commercial entrepris par les Chinois aux Maldives". La modernisation de l'aéroport international de Malé est attribuée à la Chine après l'expulsion d'entrepreneurs indiens.

En 2014, les investissements chinois aux Maldives comprennent le pont Malé-Hulhule, un bâtiment du ministère des Affaires étrangères des Maldives, un musée national, des projets de logement et des investissements dans des secteurs tels que les énergies renouvelables, le tourisme et les télécommunications.

Tourisme
Le nombre de touristes chinois aux Maldives en 2014 est de 363 000. En 2018 et 2019, il y a une diminution progressive du nombre de touristes chinois se rendant dans l'état insulaire.

Relations triangulaires

Impact sur les relations avec l'Inde
À la suite de l'influence croissante de la Chine aux Maldives, les relations entre l'Inde et les Maldives se détériorent dans un certain nombre de domaines, notamment la défense et la sécurité. Les gouvernements indiens successifs expriment leur inquiétude face à l'influence chinoise croissante aux Maldives. La Chine et les Maldives annoncent la construction de la , qui, selon le gouvernement indien et le Parti démocrate maldivien, sera utilisée à des fins militaires par la Chine. Les médias indiquent plus tard que les Maldives abandonnent les plans de cette station d'observation.

Impact sur les relations avec les États-Unis
Les États-Unis possèdent un programme d'assistance axé sur les Maldives au sein du Département du Trésor des États-Unis pour fournir "une assistance sur la stratégie de la dette et la gestion de la dette intérieure".

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Ambassade de Chine aux Maldives
 Ambassade des Maldives en Chine

Maldives
Chine

Relations entre la Chine et les Maldives


Colombières () is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Geography
Colombières is situated in the north-western region of Calvados, 20 kilometres west of Bayeux and 9 kilometres from Isigny-sur-Mer, in the natural regional park of Cotentin and Bessin.

History
The village was freed on 9 June 1944 by the Allies. U.S. General Omar Bradley set up base for the Twelfth United States Army Group in Colombières castle.

Places of interest
Colombières castle is a historic building, built between Bayeux and Isigny-sur-Mer, close to the D-Day landing beaches. It was one of the most famous forts in Lower Normandy while France was under Feudal rule. It is also known as : La vigie des Marais (The marsh lookout).

Population

See also
Communes of the Calvados department

References

External links

 Château de Colombières own page - French
 Château de Colombières - official English website

Communes of Calvados (department)
Calvados communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia

Colombières


La saison 2019-2020 du championnat des îles Vierges britanniques de football est la huitième édition de la BVIFA Football League, le championnat de première division des îles Vierges britanniques. Les onze formations engagées sont réunies au sein d'une poule unique où elles s'affrontent à deux reprises.

Le Islanders FC, sextuple vainqueur ayant perdu son titre en 2018 au profit de One Love United réussit à remporter un septième championnat face aux dix meilleures équipes de l'archipel. Si deux équipes supplémentaires participent à la compétition, le FC Sea Argo déclare forfait à plusieurs reprises avant d'abandonner le championnat lors de la suspension de ce dernier. En effet, la pandémie de Covid-19 qui frappe les îles Vierges britanniques cause un arrêt des activités pendant plus de quatre mois avant que la compétition ne soit finalement achevée en décembre 2020, soit quatorze mois après son lancement.

Les équipes participantes

Road Town :Islanders FCOld MadridOne CaribbeanOne Love UnitedPanthers FCRebels FCWolues FC

Spanish Town :Lion HeartFC Sea ArgoSugar BoysVirgin Gorda United

Légende des couleurs

Compétition
Le barème de points servant à établir le classement se décompose ainsi :
 Victoire : 3 points
 Match nul : 1 point
 Défaite : 0 point

Classement
Jusqu'à la suspension des activités en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19, le FC Sea Argo a déclaré forfait à quatre reprises et a perdu les six rencontres que l'équipe a joué. Le club se retire de la compétition durant la pause de quatre mois et ses résultats sont maintenus en l'état.

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Résultats

Statistiques

Buteurs

Bilan de la saison

Références

Voir aussi

Lien interne
 Championnat des îles Vierges britanniques de football

Lien externe
  Page complète sur la saison sur RSSSF

2019-2020
îles Vierges britanniques
2019 aux Îles Vierges britanniques
2020 aux îles Vierges britanniques

Championnat des îles Vierges britanniques de football 2019-2020


Zeunert ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Kurt Zeunert, deutscher Filmeditor
 Willy Zeunert (1882–1969), deutscher Filmeditor, Aufnahmeleiter und Filmregisseur

Zeunert


An Habenaria hymenophylla in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Habenaria hymenophylla in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria hymenophylla


Crossosoma, rod sjevernoameričkih grmova iz porodice Crossosomataceae, dio reda Crossosomatales. Postoje dvije vrste na jugozapadu SAD-a (Arizona, Kalifornija) i sjevernom Meksiku.

C. parviflora B.L.Rob. & Fernald, sinonim je za  C. bigelovii

Vrste
 Crossosoma bigelovii S.Watson
 Crossosoma californicum Nutt.

Izvori

Crossosomataceae

Crossosoma (Plantae)


Agave ×ajoensis ist eine Arthybride aus der Gattung der Agaven (Agave). Ihrer Hybrideltern sind Agave deserti var. simplex und Agave schottii var. schottii.

Beschreibung
Agave ×ajoensis wächst solitär oder formt Gruppen mit einer Wuchshöhe von 19 bis 40 cm und einem Durchmesser von 25 bis 45 cm. Die linealisch bis lanzettenförmigen, steifen, variabel angeordneten, grünen gestreiften Blätter sind 16 bis 34 cm lang und 1,5 bis 3 cm breit. Die Blattränder sind nahe der Basis unregelmäßig gezahnt. Der rotbraune Enddorn ist 1,5 bis 2,5 cm lang.

Der etwas ährenförmige, traubige bis rispige Blütenstand wird 2,5 bis 3,5 m hoch. Die gelben Blüten sind 32 bis 53 mm lang und erscheinen in großen Büscheln am oberen Teil des Blütenstandes an unregelmäßig angeordneten, lockeren Verzweigungen. Die Blütenröhre ist 6 bis 16 mm lang.
Die elliptischen, dreikammerigen Kapselfrüchte sind 12 bis 21 mm lang und bis 10 mm breit.

Die Blütezeit reicht von Juni bis Juli.

Agave ×ajoensis ist triploid. Ihre Chromosomenzahl ist . Agave deserti var. simplex wächst in dem gleichen Gebiet und ist diploid. Die Chromosomenzahl ist . Agave schottii var. schottii ist tetraploid mit  Chromosomen.

Systematik und Verbreitung
Agave ×ajoensis wächst endemisch in Arizona in den Vereinigten Staaten an steinigen Hängen, in Wüstenbüschen und im Grasland in 900 bis 1050 m Höhe. Er gilt als selten, nur wenige Pflanzen wachsen in einem geografisch isolierten Gebiet in den Ajo Mountains im Pima County.

Die Erstbeschreibung durch Wendy C. Hodgson ist 2001 veröffentlicht worden.

Literatur
 Wendy Hodgson: Agavaceae Agave Family: Part One: Agave L. Century Pant, Maguey. In: Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. Band 32, Nummer 1, S. 6 ().

Einzelnachweise

Agaven
×ajoensis
Pflanzenhybride

Agave ×ajoensis


ශික්ෂණ රෝහල - රත්නපුර, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පිහිටි රෝහලකි.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රෝහල්

ශික්ෂණ රෝහල - රත්නපුර


Cemaatçi yönetim veya cemaatçilik (İngilizce: Congregationalism), cemaatleri bağımsız sayan kilise sistemi ve yönetim şeklidir. Her yerel cemaatin kendi bağımsız olduğu bir kilise yönetim biçimidir. Genellikle Kalvinistlerin Presbiteryen olmayanları tarafından tercih edilse de bazı diğer Protestan mezhepleri tarafından da kullanabilen bir sistemdir.

Kilise yönetim biçimleri
Protestanlık mezhepleri

Cemaatçilik


Weinert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Erich Weinert (1890–1953), German writer
Jimmy Weinert (born 1951), American motocross and supercross rider
Lefty Weinert (1900–1973), American baseball player
Paul H. Weinert (1869–1919), American soldier
Rudolph A. Weinert (c. 1885–1974), American politician

See also
Weinert Center in Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Weinert


An Leymotrigia bergrothii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Harald Lindberg, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Nikolai Nikolaievich Tzvelev. An Leymotrigia bergrothii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Leymotrigia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Leymotrigia

Leymotrigia bergrothii


Corazón valiente es una telenovela estadounidense producida por Telemundo Studios para Telemundo en 2012.

Está protagonizada por Adriana Fonseca y José Luis Reséndez; coprotagonizada por Ximena Duque y Fabián Ríos, con las participaciones antagónicas de Aylín Mujica, Manuel Landeta y Gabriel Valenzuela. Con las actuaciones estelares de Vanessa Pose y Jon Ecker y las participaciones especiales de Sonya Smith y Jorge Luis Pila.

A finales de agosto de 2012, la telenovela entró en su segunda etapa, trayendo consigo una nueva pareja co-protagónica: Gabriel Porras y Brenda Asnicar y con las participaciones antagónicas de Gregorio Pernía, Miguel Varoni y Sandra Beltrán. Con las actuaciones estelares de Alba Roversi, Angeline Moncayo, Daniela Navarro y Pablo Azar.

Al igual que con la mayoría de sus otras telenovelas, la cadena de televisión transmitió la telenovela con subtítulos en inglés como CC3.

Sinopsis
Esta es la historia de la amistad entre dos niñas en una remota ciudad mexicana llamada Valle de Bravo. Ángela Valdez, humilde y dulce, era la hija de Miguel Valdez (Jorge Luis Pila), el guardaespaldas de la poderosa y adinerada familia Sandoval Navarro. Samantha Sandoval Navarro era la niña rica custodiada por Miguel Valdez. Las vidas de las dos niñas cambiaron cuando Samantha fue secuestrada y Miguel Valdez sacrificó su vida para salvarla. Después de lo sucedido, las niñas fueron separadas.

Ángela y Samantha vuelven a reencontrarse al cabo de dieciocho años. Ángela (Adriana Fonseca) está casada con Luis Martínez (Gabriel Valenzuela); tiene una hija, Violeta (Nicole Arci), y trabaja como repostera. Por su parte, Samantha (Ximena Duque) trabaja como guardaespaldas. A Samantha se le ocurre la idea de invitar a Ángela a trabajar con ella; Ángela acepta y le asignan la misión de proteger a Génesis Arroyo (Briggitte Bozzo), la hija de un abogado multimillonario llamado Juan Marcos Arroyo (José Luis Reséndez) que está infelizmente casado con Isabel Uriarte (Sonya Smith), una mujer soberbia y malvada que le es infiel hasta con su propio guardaespaldas. Por su parte, a Samantha le mandan proteger a Willy del Castillo (Fabián Ríos), su primer amor, que se ha convertido en un playboy caprichoso y mujeriego. Samantha decide no revelarle nada de su pasado, pero él termina descubriendo quién es ella y el amor surge entre ambos.

Así, Ángela y Samantha tendrán que luchar con todos los obstáculos que les pondrán sus enemigos para poder ser felices con las personas que aman y siempre teniendo un "Corazón valiente".

Reparto
 Adriana Fonseca como Ángela Valdez
 Sofía Sanabria como Ángela, de niña
 José Luis Reséndez como Juan Marcos Arroyo
 Aylín Mujica como Fernanda del Castillo
 Ximena Duque como Samantha Sandoval Navarro
 Emily Alvarado como Samantha, de niña
 Fabián Ríos como Guillermo «Willy» del Castillo
 Gabriel Porras como Miguel Valdez Gutiérrez
 Brenda Asnicar como Fabiola Arroyo / Fabiola Ferrara
 Vanessa Pose como Emma Arroyo
 Jon Ecker como Pablo Peralta
 Sonya Smith como Isabel Uriarte de Arroyo
 Jorge Luis Pila como Miguel Valdez
 Manuel Landeta como Bernardo del Castillo
 Katie Barberi como Perla Navarro
 Leonardo Daniel como Darío Sandoval
 Gilda Haddock como Estela de Valdez
 Gabriel Valenzuela como Luis Martínez / Camilo Martínez
 José Guillermo Cortinez como Renzo Mancilla
 Tatiana Capote como Ofelia Ramírez
 Alejandro López como Vicente La Madrid
 Lino Martone como Diego Villareal
 Roberto Plantier como Gabriel La Madrid
 Priscila Perales como Nelly Balbuena
 Ahrid Hannaley como Cecilia de los Ríos
 Briggitte Bozzo como Génesis Arroyo
 Nicole Arci como Violeta Martínez
 Carolina Tejera como Lorena Barrios
 Angeline Moncayo como Laura Aguilar
 Alba Roversi como Nora «La Madrina»
 Daniela Navarro como Clara Salvatierra
 Pablo Azar como Gustavo Ponte
 Gregorio Pernia como Javier del Toro «El Verdugo» / Javier Falcón
 Miguel Varoni como Jesús Matamoros «El Mesiás»
 Germán «Tuto» Patiño como Cayetano «Ringo» Rodríguez
 María del Pilar Pérez como María Fernanda Arroyo del Castillo
 Ezequiel Montalt como Teniente Manuel Flores
 Sandra Beltrán como Yvonne de Matamoros «La Niña Bonita»
 Fernando Cermeño como Gael
 Jonathan Freudman como Rodrigo Sandoval
 Paloma Márquez como Sol Díaz de León
 Jamie Sasson como Paula Uriarte

Banda sonora

Premios y nominaciones
Corazón Valiente fue nominada novela del año. también fue nominada a mejor actriz y actor de reparto. fue nominada también a La pareja perfecta, El Mejor Beso, Mejor actuación en elenco de niños, El mejor video de la mala suerte y mejor banda sonora.

Referencias

Telenovelas de Telemundo
Telenovelas de 2012
Series de televisión ambientadas en Los Ángeles
Telenovelas finalizadas en 2013
Telenovelas iniciadas en 2012

Corazón valiente


Hoshiarpur (en punyabí: ਹੁਸ਼ਿਆਰਪੁਰ) es una ciudad de la India, centro administrativo del distrito de Hoshiarpur, en la region Doaba del estado de Punyab.

El nombre de la cuidad significa « Cuidad de Santos ».

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 320  a 164 km de la capital estatal, Chandigarh, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según el censo de la India de 2011, Hoshiarpur tenía una población de 189.371. Los hombres constituyen el 50,9% de la población y las mujeres el 49,1%. Hoshiarpur tiene una tasa de alfabetización promedio del 85,40%, en comparación con el 81,00% de 2001. La alfabetización masculina es del 89,90% y la alfabetización femenina es del 80,80%. En Hoshiarpur, el 10% de la población tiene menos de 11 años.

Historia

Antiguo
Las exploraciones arqueológicas durante los últimos años han revelado la antigüedad del distrito de Hoshiarpur hasta el período Harappa (la civilización del valle del Indo). Sobre la base de la exploración de la superficie, se han incluido los siguientes nuevos sitios en el mapa arqueológico de la India y también se han detectado huellas de las mismas personas que en Harappa y Mohenjadaro en el distrito de Hoshiarpur.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Punyab (India)

Hoshiarpur


Mikhail Alexandrovitch Kartsev (, transcription anglaise Mikhaïl Alexandrovitch Kartsev ; né le  à Kiev et mort le  à Moscou) est un ingénieur informatique soviétique qui a notamment supervisé ou conçu la série d'ordinateurs du M-2 au M-13.

Biographie
Karzew est issu d'une famille d'enseignants. Pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale, il est soldat dans une unité de chars juste après avoir quitté l'école en 1941 jusqu'au début de 1947. Immédiatement après sa libération, il étudie à l'Institut électrotechnique de Moscou (MEPI) dans le département d'ingénierie radio. Alors qu'il est encore étudiant, il est impliqué dans le projet M-1 de construction d'un premier ordinateur (sous Isaac Semionovitch Brouk et Nikolai Yakovlevich Matyuchin). L'équipe était composée de jeunes ingénieurs. Matyuchin avait même quatre ans de moins que Kartsev.

En 1952, il supervise la construction du successeur M-2 dans le laboratoire de Bruk, achevé en seulement un an et demi. Il est opérationnel en 1953 et fonctionne pendant quinze ans sans complications majeures. En 1956, Kartsev l'étend avec une mémoire à noyau de ferrite. En 1957, il est chargé par Brouk de la direction scientifique du projet M-4 pour les ordinateurs de processus des réseaux radar anti-aériens (AG Shishlov et VS Seminikhin étaient également impliqués dans des postes de direction). C'était l'un des premiers ordinateurs soviétiques de deuxième génération, avec logique transistor. Le premier ordinateur est disponible à des fins de test en 1959. Même pendant la phase de test, les progrès techniques rendent nécessaire le développement du M-4M (pour lequel que Karzew a dû surmonter, cependant, une résistance bureaucratique considérable), qui a été produit de 1964 à 1985 et dont environ 100 exemplaires ont été fabriqués, pour l'armée de l'air.

Sa proposition d'un processeur RISC à composants informatiques parallèles (M-9), très en avance sur son temps et censé avoir 1000 fois les performances du BESM-6 (qui atteignait environ 1 million d'instructions par seconde), n'a pas s'imposer en 1967 car les composants électroniques nécessaires n'étaient pas disponibles. Cependant, ces idées ont été incorporées dans le projet de supercalculateur M-10, débuté en 1969. Le premier ordinateur est livré en 1973 et il est utilisé pendant 15 ans. Il a notamment été utilisé dans le système d'alerte précoce des missiles balistiques intercontinentaux et classé secret. Cependant, Kartsev a réussi à promouvoir son utilisation à des fins purement scientifiques, par exemple en physique des plasmas (pour les réacteurs à fusion) - l'ordinateur était beaucoup plus rapide que l'ES-1040 contemporain et vingt fois plus rapide que le BESM-6. En 1977, il a de nouveau reçu un prix d'État de l'URSS pour cela.

En 1967, son bureau d'études (qui fait partie de l'Institut des machines de contrôle électronique de Bruk) a reçu son propre bâtiment. Son institut a ensuite été nommé d'après lui après sa mort.

En 1978, il a commencé son projet d'un supercalculateur M-13 avec 225 processeurs vectoriels. La production a commencé en 1984. Comme le M-10, il a été utilisé dans la défense antimissile.

En 1956, il obtient son doctorat (titre de candidat). Pour ses travaux sur le M-4M, il a reçu un doctorat russe et en 1967 le prix d'État de l'URSS.

Il a reçu l'Ordre de Lénine et la bannière rouge du travail.

Ouvrages
Il a publié cinq ouvrages parmi lesquels :
 Arithmetic Units of Electronic Digital Computers (première édition en Russie en 1958)
 Digital Computer Arithmetic (1969)
 Digital Computer Architecture
 Computing Systems and Synchronous Arithmetic (1978)

Références

Liens externes

 Biographie de Nitussov au Musée russe de l'ordinateur virtuel

Naissance en mai 1923
Naissance à Kiev
Décès en avril 1983
Décès à Moscou
Informaticien soviétique
Récipiendaire de l'ordre du Drapeau rouge du Travail
Récipiendaire du prix d'État de l'URSS
Récipiendaire de l'ordre de Lénine
Décès à 59 ans

Mikhail Alexandrovitch Kartsev


Michal Tabara (* 16. Oktober 1979 in Uherské Hradiště, damals ČSSR) ist ein ehemaliger tschechischer Tennisspieler.

Karriere
Tabara feierte zunächst auf der Challenger Tour Erfolge. Im Einzel gewann er in seiner Karriere 11 Titel sowie vier weitere im Doppel. Auf der ATP World Tour sammelte er insgesamt zwei Titel, davon einen im Einzel in Chennai gegen Andrei Stoljarow und einen weiteren im Doppel mit Radek Štěpánek in Estoril. Bei Grand-Slam-Turnieren erreichte er im Einzel mit dem Erreichen der dritten Runde sein bestes Ergebnis sowohl bei den Australian Open 2001 als auch bei den US Open 2004.

In den Jahren 2001 und 2004 wurde Tabara zweimal in der tschechischen Davis-Cup-Mannschaft eingesetzt. Er bestritt bei seinen Einsätzen jeweils ein Match im Einzel: 2001 unterlag er Adrian Voinea im Erstrundenspiel gegen Rumänien mit 1:6, 4:6, jedoch hatte das Spiel bereits keine Relevanz mehr für das Gesamtergebnis. 2004 blieb er im Relegationsspiel gegen Paraguay siegreich, doch auch dieses Spiel war bereits nur von statistischem Wert, da Tschechien bereits uneinholbar in Führung lag.

Erfolge

Einzel

Turniersiege

Doppel

Turniersiege

Weblinks
 ATP-Profil von Michal Tabara (englisch)

Davis-Cup-Spieler (Tschechien)
Geboren 1979
Mann
Tscheche

Michal Tabara


Elektrik motoru, elektrik enerjisini mekanik enerjiye dönüştüren aygıttır. Her elektrik motoru biri sabit (stator) ve diğeri kendi çevresinde dönen (rotor ya da endüvi) iki ana parçadan oluşur. Bu ana parçalar, sargılar gibi elektrik akımını ileten parçalar, manyetik akıyı ileten parçalar ve vidalar ve yataklar gibi konstrüksiyon parçaları olmak üzere tekrar kısımlara ayrılır.

Üretimi
Alternatif akım (AA/AC) ile çalışan elektrik motorlarında rotor ve statorun manyetik akıyı ileten kısımları fuko akımlarından kaçınmak amacıyla tabakalandırılmış saçlardan yapılır. Rotor ve stator saç paketlerinin yapılması için 0,35 - 1,5 mm kalınlığında, tek ya da çift taraflı yalıtılmış saç levhalar makas tezgâhlarında şeritler halinde kesilir.  Bu şekilde oluşturulan saç şeritler şerit çekirdekli trafoların ve makinaların yapımında başka bir işleme gereksinilmeden derhal kullanılabilmektedir. Makastan çıkan saç şeritler çok seri -çalışan kalıp- kesme presine verilir. Dakikada 300 - 500 kesme yapan 500000 kp'lık presler stator ve rotor saç profillerini bir dizi-kesme halinde arka arkaya çıkartır.

Rotor ve stator saç profilleri birbirinin boşluğunu dolduracak şekilde kesildiğinden (kalıpla), üretim sonu kırpıntı parça miktarı çok azdır. Büyük çaplı rotor ve stator saç paketleri genellikle tek - kesmede çıkartılır. Bunun için, önceden hazırlanmış disk şekildeki saçlar üst üste gelecek şekilde yerleştirilir. Bu şekilde yerleştirilmiş saç tabakaları kalıp - kesme presinde tek bir hamlede kesilir. Sargıların yerleştirilmesi için gerekli oluklar makinelerde açılır. İşlem görecek parça miktarı fazla değil ise oluk açma otomatında oluklar tek tek açılır. Büyük sayıdaki parça miktarları ve büyük çaplı saçlar için her seferinde 5-6 oluk açabilen otomatlardan yararlanılmaktadır. Oluk açma otomatlarından gelen saçlar özel sayıcı terazilerde tartılır, istif makinesinde üst üste tabakalandırılır ve 5 - 10 kp/cm² lik bir basınç altında saç paketi halinde birleştirilir.

Stator ve rotor sargı oluklarına uygulamada genellikle karton döşenmektedir. Yalıtmak amacıyla döşenen kartonun görevi: Oluk içindeki pürüzleri örtmek ve sargı tellerini hasarlardan korumaktır. Karton ile yalıtılan oluklara sargılar döşenir. Stator ve rotor sargıları tek kat ya da çift kat sarımlı yapılırlar. Tek katlı sargılarda her oluk içinde her bir sargının yalnız bir kenarı, buna karşın çift katlı sargılarda çift sayıda bobin kenarı (genellikle iki) bulunur. Stator Sargıları: Tek katlı sargılarda, önceden bir sargı makinesinde hazırlanmış ve izole edilmiş sargı paketleri açık oluklara tek tek yerleştirilir. Büyük gerilimli statorlarda açık oluklu saç paketleri kullanılır. Yarı açık oluklara sargılar özel kalıp ya da şablonlar yardımıyla tek tek döşenmektedir. Tam kapalı oluklar içine, teller statorun alın tarafından başlayarak, ipliğin iğneye geçirildiği gibi tek tek geçirilir. Sonra bu teller sargı haline getirilir. Oldukça uğraşılı bu tür sarım yerine özel sargı paketleri de kullanılmaktadır. Bu sargı paketlerindeki iletkenler sadece daha önceden hazırlanmış taraflarından oluklara sokulur. Bu şekilde olukların diğer tarafından dışarı çıkan sargı başları birbirleriyle sert lehim ya da kaynak suretiyle birleştirilir.

Şayet oluklara az sayıda ve büyük kesitli iletkenler sokulacaksa, çubuk şeklindeki iletkenler kullanılır. Bunlar sonradan kendi aralarında vidalarla ya da lehimlemek suretiyle birleştirilir. Tahta ya da fiberden yapılmış oluk kamaları (ya da takozları) oluk ağızlarını kapatmaya yarar. Oluklardan dışarı çıkan sargı başları pamuk ya da cam pamuğu ile sıkıca sarılarak yalıtılır. Sargıların devre bağlantıları sağlandıktan sonra stator bir fırın içinde 100 °C civarında kurutulur ve sonra yalıtkan vernik emdirilir. Vernik emdirme işlemi havasız bir ortam içinde yapılır. Bunun için önce stator bir vakum kabı içine yerleştirilir ve kap sıkıca kapatılarak havası çekilir. Sonra kabın üstünde bulunan vernik musluğu açılarak içeriye vernik gönderilir. Ortam havasız olduğundan içeriye gönderilen vernik sargıların en küçük aralıklarına dahi nüfuz eder. Vernik emdirme işleminden sonra stator tekrar kurutma fırınına sokulur ve burada son kurutma işlemi yapılır. Rotor sargıları elde ya da makinede sarılır. Bunun dışında uygulanacak bütün işlemler stator sargılarında olduğu gibidir.

Elektrik motorlarının çeşitleri
Klasik olarak elektrik motorları DA ve AA olarak iki bölüme ayrılır.
AA alternatif akımla çalışan
DA doğru akımla çalışan motorlardır.

Alternatif akımlı motorlar
Alternatif akım elektrik enerjisini, mekanik enerjiye çeviren elektrik motorlarıdır. Bu motorların asenkron tipleri standart bir aygıt olmuştur. Senkron tipleriyse, büyük güç gerektiren yerlerde kullanılabilir. Alternatif akım motorları iki grupta toplanabilir: asenkron (indüksiyon) motorlar ve senkron motorlar. Bütün bu motorların temel ilkesi, manyetik saclardan yapılmış bir kütlenin, döner bir elektromanyetik alan yardımıyla sürüklenmesine dayanır. Bu iki grup motorlarda da eksenli iki armatür bulunur: Bunların ilki olan stator sabit, ikincisi rotorsa hareketlidir. Senkron motorun statoru asenkron motorun statoruyla aynı şekilde ve aynı yapıdadır; birbirinden vernikle yalıtılmış manyetik saclardan oluşan bir bilezik biçimindedir; bu sacların üzerindeki yivlere üç fazlı akımlarla beslenen bir sargı sarılmıştır. Bir senkron motorda manyetik alanı, rotorun sargısını besleyen bağımsız bir doğru akım yaratır; burada rotorun çalışma hızı vardır. Bu tip motorların başlıca yetersizliği, rotorun kendi başına harekete geçmemesi sorunudur. Asenkron motorun çalışması oldukça farklıdır: rotorun sargısı çok fazladır ve rotora yalnız statordan kaynaklanan tek alan akım indükler. Rotor başka hiçbir enerji kaynağına bağlı değildir. Dönme hızı ne olursa olsun (ilk çalışmada bile), mekanik bir kuvvet çifti sağlar; düzenli çalışma sırasında bu hız senkron hızından (yani döner alan hızından) farklıdır; bu hız farkı motorun üzerindeki yüke bağımlıdır. Sincap kafesli motorlarda sargı, yapraklı bir rotorun yivlerine yerleştirilmiş bakır veya alüminyum çubuklardan oluşur; bu yapı basit, sağlam ve ucuzdur. Bu tip motorlar, imalat sanayinde, pompaların ve vantilatörlerin çalıştırılmasında veya ambalajlamada çok yaygın olarak kullanılan standart aygıtlardır. İlk olarak Nikola Tesla tarafından tasarlanmış ve geliştirilmiştir.

Doğru akımlı motorlar
Bir DA motor, doğru elektrik akımı ile çalışmak üzere tasarlanmıştır. Saf DA tasarımlara iki örnek Michael Faraday'ın tek kutuplu motor (nadiren kullanılır) ve bilyeli yatak motor (orijinalden çok uzaktır). En yaygın türleri fırçalı ve fırçasız tiplerdir.

Servo motorlar
Küçük çaplı ve genellikle içerisinde kompanzasyon sargısı olan, kuvvetli manyetik alanı boyu uzun doğru akım motorlarına servo motor denir. DA motorlar gibi imal edilirler. 1 devir/dakikalık hız bölgelerinin altında bile kararlı çalışabilen, hız ve momentkontrolü yapan yardımcı motorlardır. Örneğin hassas takım tezgâhlarında ilerleme hareketleri için genellikle servo motorlar kullanılır. Servo motorların alternatif akım ile çalışan modelleri fırçasız, DA ile çalışan modelleri ise fırçalıdır. Bunlar; elektronik yapılı sürücü veya programlayıcı devrelerle birlikte kullanılır. Günümüzde yapılan servo motor çalıştırma sürücüleri, tamamen mikroişlemci kontrollü ve dijital yapılıdır.

AA Servo Motorlar
Bu tip servo motorlar, genellikle iki fazlı sincap kafesli indüksiyon tipi motorlardır. İki fazlı asenkron motorlar, büyük güçlü yapılmakla birlikte çoğunlukla otomatik kontrol sistemlerinde servo motorlar olarak kullanılmak amacı ile küçük güçlü yapılır. Fırça ve kolektör olmadığından arıza yapma ihtimalleri az, bakımları kolaydır. AA servo motorlar, iki fazlı ve üç fazlı olmak üzere iki tipte incelenir.

AA Servo Motorların Yapısı
İki fazlı servo motorun statorunda eksenleri arasında 90°'lik elektriksel açı olan referans ve kontrol sargısı olmak üzere iki adet sargı vardır. Rotoru ise sincap kafesli sargı taşır, fakat yüksek dirence sahip olması gibi birtakım özellikler kazandırılmıştır. AA servo motorlarında rotor devresi, oldukça yüksek dirence sahip olacak şekilde imal edilir. Bu işlem ya sincap kafes çubuklarında ya da çubukların bağlantı noktalarında yüksek dirençli maddeler kullanılarak yapılır.

DA Servo Motorlar
DA servo motorlar, genel olarak bir DA motoru olup, motora gerekli DA akımı aşağıdaki metotlarla elde edilir. Bir elektrik yükselteçten AA akımın doyumlu reaktörden geçirilmesinden AA, akımın tristörden geçirilmesinden Amplidin, retotrol, regüleks gibi dönel yükselteçlerden elde edilir. D.C servo motorlar, çok küçük güçlerden çok büyük güçlere kadar imal edilir (0,05 Hp'den 1000 Hp'ye kadar). Bu motorlar, klasik DA motorlar gibi imal edilir. Bu motorlar, küçük yapılırdır ve endüvileri (yükseklik.uzunluk/çap oranıyla) kutup ataleti momentini minimum yapacak şekilde tasarlanır. Küçük çaplı ve genellikle içerisinde bir kompanzasyon sargısı olan kuvvetli manyetik alanlı, boyu uzun doğru akım motorlarına da servo motor denir.

EX-PROOF motorlar
Exproof motorlarda koruma sınıflarına göre yüzey sıcaklıkları limitlenmiştir ve yine koruma sınıfına göre alev, kıvılcım ve ark sızdırmazlık özellikleri bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Elektrik motoru


බියට්‍රිස් කුමරිය දෙවන එලිසබෙත් මහ රාජෝත්තමාවියගේ හා ෆිලිප් කුමරුගේ දෙවන පුත්‍රයා හා තෙවන දරුවා වන ඇන්ඩෘ කුමරුගේ වැඩිමහල් දියණිය වේ.දෙවන එලිසබෙත් රැජිනගේ මිණිබිරියකි.

සහෝදර සහෝදරියන් - එයුජීන් කුමරිය

සීයලා සහ ආච්චිලා - දෙවන එලිසබෙත් රැජින , ෆිලිප් කුමරු , රොනල්ඩ් ෆර්ගියුසන් මහතා, සූසන් බැරැන්ටස් ආර්යාව

බියට්‍රිස් කුමරිය


Sirocco ( ), scirocco, or, rarely, siroc (see  below) is a Mediterranean wind that comes from the Sahara and can reach hurricane speeds in North Africa and Southern Europe, especially during the summer season.

Names
Sirocco derives from šurūq (), verbal noun of šaraqa, related to the East, aš-šarq. Various names for this wind in other languages include:

  or

 , or  romanized: sirókos

  or rarely širok
 Serbian:  jugo (Latin) / југо (Cyrillic), lit. 'southern'
  or
 Libyan Arabic: , romanized: , which means 'coming from the Qibla'
 , which means 'fifty' ('fifty-day wind')
 , probably from   with the same meaning as ; or
 , pronounced širguī

The Roman poet Horace refers to the sirocco at Trevico in Apulia as "Atabulus" (a Messapic word) in his account of his journey to Brundisium in 37 BC.

Development
Siroccos arise from warm, dry, tropical air masses that are pulled northward by low-pressure cells moving eastward across the Mediterranean Sea, with the wind originating in the Arabian or Sahara deserts. The hotter, drier continental air mixes with the cooler, wetter air of the maritime cyclone, and the counter-clockwise circulation of the low propels the mixed air across the southern coasts of Europe.

Effects
The sirocco causes dusty dry conditions along the northern coast of Africa, storms in the Mediterranean Sea, and warm wet weather in Southern Europe. Sirocco doesn't affect other parts of Europe. The sirocco's duration may be as short as half a day or may last several days. While passing over the Mediterranean Sea, the sirocco picks up moisture; this results in rainfall in the southern part of Italy, known locally as "blood rain" due to the red sand mixed with the falling rain.

Sirocco is commonly perceived as causing unease and an irritable mood in people. In addition, many people attribute health problems to the wind, either because of the heat and dust brought from African coastal regions, or because of the cool dampness further north in Europe. The dust within the sirocco winds can cause abrasion in mechanical devices and penetrate buildings.

Sirocco winds with speeds of up to  are most common during autumn and spring. They reach a peak in March and in November when it is very hot.

When combined with a rising tide, the sirocco can cause the acqua alta phenomenon in the Venetian Lagoon.

This wind also has an impact on fishing. For example, the anchovies caught in the Gulf of Trieste near Barcola, which are in great demand as a delicacy, are only caught in Sirocco. In cold winds, like the bora, the fish disappear into the vastness of the Adriatic.

See also
 Foehn wind: warm downslope winds
 Notus
 Santa Ana winds: wind phenomenon observed in California
 Studio Ghibli § Name

References

External links

Winds of the world
Local Mediterranean winds

Winds
Environment of the Mediterranean
Sahara
Climate of Africa
Climate of Europe
Climate of Greece
Climate of Malta
Environment of Libya
Italian words and phrases

Sirocco


VM i banecykling 2018 var verdensmesterskaberne i banecykling i 2018. De fandt sted i Apeldoorn i Holland fra 28. februar til 4. marts 2018.

Medaljer

Medaljeoversigt

Medaljevindere

Konkurrencer mærket med skygge (gråt) er ikke-olympiske discipliner

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
Officiel hjemmeside

Cykelløb i 2018
2018

VM i banecykling 2018


Anny von Kulesza (* 16. Oktober 1868 in Kukowen, Kreis Oletzko; † 1934) war eine deutsche Lehrerin und Politikerin (DVP).

Leben
Nach dem Besuch der Höheren Mädchenschule in Marggrabowa absolvierte Kulesza das Lehrerinnenseminar in Droyßig. Im Anschluss arbeitete sie als Lehrerin an der Höheren Mädchenschule in Bütow. 1892 wechselte sie als Lehrerin an die Gemeindeschule in Berlin-Lichtenberg. Sie war seit 1927 Zweite Vorsitzende des Allgemeinen Deutschen Lehrerinnenvereins, von 1919 bis 1933 Erste Vorsitzende des Reichsverbandes Deutscher Volksschullehrerinnen und Mitglied der Film-Oberprüfstelle.

Kulesza trat während der Zeit der Weimarer Republik in die DVP ein. Sie war Stadtverordnete in Berlin und von 1921 bis 1933 Abgeordnete des Preußischen Landtages.

Literatur
 Ernst Kienast (Hrsg.): Handbuch für den Preußischen Landtag, Ausgabe für die 5. Wahlperiode, Berlin 1933, S. 352.
 Herrmann A. L. Degener (Hrsg.): Wer ist's? 9. Ausgabe, Leipzig 1928, S. 892.

Mitglied des Preußischen Landtags (Freistaat Preußen)
DVP-Mitglied
Deutscher
Geboren 1868
Gestorben 1934
Frau

Anny von Kulesza


مدينة باجل هي من مدن وأسواق تهامة المشهورة في الوقت الحاضر، وهي مركز لمديرية باجل بمحافظة الحديدة. تقع على بعد 55 كلم شمال شرق مدينة الحديدة، على الطريق الرئيسي الذي يربط بينها وبين العاصمة صنعاء. يبلغ تعداد سكانها 67781 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الذي أجرى عام 2004.

تاريخ
يعود أقدم ذكر لها في المصادر التاريخية إلى القرن الرابع الهجري، العاشر الميلادي كواحدة من قرى قبائل القحرى وهم بطن من بطون عَكَ يتفرعون إلى ستة أقسام: الجمادية وبن خلف والخضارية والمجاردة وعزان والضوامرة. وتحمل بعض النواحي والقرى والجبال التابعة لباجل أسماء تلك القبائل وغيرها.

زارها هانز يتز في سنة 1930 م، وذكر أنها بلدة صغيرة بها قلعة خشنة محاطة بسور عال مبني من الآجر تتخلله أعداد من أبراج المراقبة الضخمة.

كانت باجل قرية صغيرة اكتسبت أهمية كبيرة منذ بداية القرن العشرين، فكانت حتى السبعينات من القرن العشرين مركزا لقضاء باجل الذي يضم عددا من المناطق التهامية الممتدة من ساحل الحديدة حتى سفح جبل الزاهر في مديرية بني سعد في محافظة المحويت.

يذكر الحجري بأن جزءا من مباني المدينة شيد بالآجر وشيد الجزء الأكبر منها بالقش. تشتهر باجل بزراعة البذرة والقطن، وقد أقيم حديثا فيها عدد من مزارع الخضروات والفواكه.

المعالم
ومن أهم المعالم الأثرية والتاريخية في مدينة باجل:
 الجامع الكبير، في باجل القديمة.
 قلعتها الحصية (القشلة) التي شيدت على قمة جبل الشريف المطل من الغرب على المدينة، ويرجع تاريخ عمارتها الحالية إلى فترة الاحتلال العثماني لليمن.
 ومن مآثر مدينة باجل قلعة الإمام التي كانت في باجل القديم أيضاً مقابل الجامع الكبير، وقد تم هدمها وبُني عليها مدرسة تُسمى مدرسة علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه.
 منزلة الناشري، وهي منزلة درس فيها الكثير من العلماء والمشايخ.

وقد اتسعت باجل حديثا وبني خارجها عدد من المصانع أكبرها «مصنع اسمنت باجل» منذ العام 1969، الذي يعتمد على محجر غني بالصخور الجيرية.

مراجع وروابط خارجية
 World Gazetteer:Yemen
 الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء بالجمهورية اليمنية
 المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة الحديدة
باجل
مديرية باجل

باجل


Torben Andersen er en dansk keyboardspiller og harmonikaspiller.

Han var med i gruppen Bifrost. Ved gendannelsen af Alrune Rod i 1995 var han med i bandet.

Referencer

Harmonikaspillere
Keyboardspillere fra Danmark
Musikere fra Danmark

Torben Andersen (musiker)


Le Electronic Attack Squadron 129 ou VAQ-129, connu sous le nom de "Viking" est un escadron de chasseur d'attaque  de guerre électronique aéroporté de l'US Navy créé le  à la Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, dans le Puget Sound de l'État de Washington. Il est le seul escadron d'entrainement sur EA-18G Growler et constitue un Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS). Il est chargé  de former tous les aviateurs EA-18G et de développer des procédures d'exploitation standard pour la maintenance et l'exploitation de cet avion.

Historique

VAH-10

Le Heavy Attack Squadron 10 (VAH-10) a été créé le  et équipé à l'origine du A-3 Skywarrior.

Pendant la guerre du Vietnam, des détachements de VAH-10 ont été déployés sur les porte-avions suivants opérant sur  et  :

14 avril-14 décembre 1964 :le détachement A-3B est embarqué sur l',
5 mai 1964 - 1er février 1965,le détachement A-3B est embarqué sur l',
21 juin 1966- 21 février 1967, le détachement 42 A-3B est embarqué sur l',
[[File:US Navy 090602-N-7656T-156 An EA-6B Prowler assigned to Electronic Attack Squadron (VAQ) 129 makes an arrested landing aboard the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77).jpg|thumb|right|220px|EA-6B 'Prowler du VAQ-129]]
6 juin-15 septembre 1967, le détachement 59 KA-3B est embarqué sur l',
10 avril-16 décembre 1968, le détachement 66 KA-3B est embarqué sur l',
7 septembre 1968 - 18 avril 1969, le détachement 43 KA-3B est embarqué sur l',
26 octobre 1968 - 17 mai 1969, le détachement 61 KA-3B est embarqué sur l',
2 août 1969 - 15 avril 1970, le détachement 19 KA-3B est embarqué sur l',
5 mars-17 décembre 1970, le détachement 38 KA-3B est embarqué sur l',
22 octobre 1970 - 3 juin 1971, le détachement 62 KA-3B est embarqué sur l'USS Hancock.

 VAQ-129
Le VAH-10 a été renommé Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron One Two Nine (TACELECWARON129)(VAQ-129) aux commandes du EA-6B Prowler le . Changeant de nom, l'escadron a changé de mission en intégrant le Fleet Replacement Squadron. Avec le Prowler à capacité améliorée (ICAP), le VAQ-129 a commencé à former les équipages et le personnel de maintenance de l'United States Marine Corps pour piloter et entretenir la version ICAP de l'avion avec le Corps des Marines.

Le missile anti-rayonnement à grande vitesse (HARM) AGM-88 HARM été équipé sur l'EA-6B Prowler en 1986 et du VAQ-131 Lancers. Ce missile fut employé lors de l'Opération Tempête du désert.

Le retrait de l'EF-111A Raven de l'United States Air Force  a fait de l'EA-6B Prowler et de l'EA-18G Growler les seuls avions tactiques de l'inventaire américain capable d'effectuer une attaque électronique.

Le , les EA-18G Growler du VAQ-129 et du ont effectué leur premier atterrissage (piège) en mer à bord de l'.

En 2013, le VAQ-129 a commencé à entraîner l'équipage de la Royal Australian Air Force sur l'EA-18G Growler''.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens internes
 Fleet Replacement Squadron
 Histoire de l'United States Navy

Liens externes
 VAQ-129 - Site GlobaleSecurity.org
  VAQ-129- Site Seaforces.org
  FRS-(VAQ-129) -  Site Wings-Aviation.ch

Electronic Attack Squadron de l'United States Navy
Unité ou formation militaire créée en 1961

VAQ-129


Bernard Victorri est un linguiste français, directeur de recherche au CNRS, né le  à Béni-Saf, en Algérie

Biographie

Jeunesse
Né le  à Béni-Saf de parents pieds-noirs d'origine espagnole, son père détenteur d'une licence de droit, a été instituteur, puis directeur d'école. Militant de gauche, syndicaliste, puis maire de son village, où il a pris la succession de son père (donc le grand-père de Bernard). Sa mère était postière avant de devenir institutrice, puis directrice d'école, et enfin de collège d'enseignement ménager.

En 1961, puisque son père est menacé par l'OAS pour ses positions contre l'Algérie française (plusieurs attentats à son encontre échouèrent), ses parents l'envoient à Paris pour ses études.

Études et carrière
Bernard Victorri est un élève du linguiste Antoine Culioli. Il est ancien élève de l'École normale supérieure, de la promotion scientifique de 1966.

Il est un spécialiste de la modélisation sémantique et des réseaux connexionnistes. Il a travaillé notamment au laboratoire ELSAP à Caen, au laboratoire DDL à Lyon et au laboratoire LATTICE à Montrouge. Il est professeur émérite de l'Université Paris-Nanterre.

Il a participé aux articles de l'Encyclopædia Universalis, ayant écrit celui intitulé Origine des langues et du langage, ainsi que celui intitulé Modèle, en collaboration notamment avec Raymond Boudon.

Il a publié dans Le Monde du 13 mars 2020 un hommage au journaliste et mathématicien Pierre Audibert, décédé le 6 mars 2020.

Publications
 L'ambiguïté et la paraphrase: opérations linguistiques, processus cognitifs, traitements automatisés, avec Salah Mejri, Presses universitaires de Caen, 1988.
 Linguistique et traitements automatiques des langues, avec Catherine Fuchs et Anne Lacheret-Dujour, Hachette Supérieur, 1993.
 Continuity in linguistic semantics, avec Catherine Fuchs, Amsterdam, Benjamins, 1994.
 La polysémie, construction dynamique du sens, avec Catherine Fuchs, Hermès, 1996.
 Les mystères de l'émergence du langage, in: Jean-Marie Hombert, Aux origines des langues et du langage, Fayard, 2005.
 Les origines du langage, avec Pascal Picq et Jean-Louis Dessalles, Éditions Le Pommier, 2006.
 L'archéologie cognitive, techniques, modes de communication, mentalités, avec René Treuil, Paris, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 2019.

Références

Liens externes

 L'origine du langage, par Bernard Victorri, Les Ernest.

Naissance en octobre 1946
Linguiste français
Directeur de recherche au CNRS
Élève de l'École normale supérieure

Bernard Victorri


Uruguay deltog første gang i olympiske lege under sommer-OL 1924 i Paris. Nationen har siden deltaget i alle efterfølgende sommerlege, undtaget 1980, som den deltog i den internationale boykot af. Uruguay deltog for første og foreløbigt eneste gang i vinterlegene i 1998 i Nagano. Begge Uruguays guldmedaljer er vundet i fodbold.

Medaljeoversigt

Eksterne henvisninger
 Uruguays OL-statistik  på Sports-reference.com

Uruguay ved sommer-OL
Uruguay ved vinter-OL
OL

Uruguay ved OL


CF Tucanae (CF Tuc) es una estrella binaria en la constelación de Tucana de magnitud aparente +7,60.
Su distancia al sistema solar es de 290 ± 20 años luz.

Características
La estrella primaria del sistema CF Tucanae es una enana amarilla o subgigante de tipo espectral G0IV/V.
Tiene una temperatura efectiva de 6100 K y brilla con una luminosidad 3,3 veces mayor que la luminosidad solar.
Su masa es un 11% mayor que la del Sol y su radio un 63% mayor que la de éste.
Gira sobre sí misma con una velocidad de rotación proyectada de 28 km/s.
Su edad aproximada es de 5000 millones de años y se piensa que está llegando al final de su vida como estrella de la secuencia principal.

La estrella secundaria es probablemente una subgigante naranja de tipo K4IV/V.
Con una temperatura de 4286 ± 19 K, es casi 4 veces más luminosa que el Sol.
Tiene 1,23 masas solares y su radio es 3,6 veces más grande que el radio solar.
Su velocidad de rotación es alta, igual o superior a 62 ± 2 km/s.

El período orbital del sistema es de 2,7975 días, aunque se ha constatado que no es constante. El plano orbital se halla inclinado cerca de 70° respecto al plano del cielo.
La separación entre ambas estrellas es de 0,05 UA.

Variabilidad
CF Tucanae está clasificada como una binaria cromosféricamente activa.
Posee una abundancia de litio relativamente alta y la componente más fría muestra una fuerte emisión de CaII H y K, indicadores de la actividad cromosférica.
Por otra parte, su curva de luz muestra marcadas asimetrías.
Está encuadrada dentro de las variables RS Canum Venaticorum, clase de variables entre las que cabe destacar a la conocida Capella (α Aurigae) y a II Pegasi.
Asimismo, el sistema es una conocida radioestrella y fuente de rayos X.
El satélite ROSAT detectó en 1996 una erupción estelar de rayos X de gran intensidad; tuvo una duración de 9 días y fue la erupción de rayos X coherente de mayor intensidad detectada hasta la fecha.

La variación del período de CF Tucanae no es fácil de explicar.
Las dos estrellas no están lo suficientemente próximas entre sí —es una «binaria separada»— como para que se produzca transferencia de masa entre ellas.
Una posible explicación puede ser la pérdida de masa de la subgigante naranja debido al viento estelar.

CF Tucanae es, además, una binaria eclipsante —aunque los eclipses son parciales—, existiendo un eclipse principal y un eclipse secundario, correspondiendo una caída en el brillo de 0,36 magnitudes para el primero y 0,08 magnitudes para el segundo.

Referencias

Enanas amarillas
Subgigantes
Estrellas binarias
Estrellas variables
Variables RS Canum Venaticorum
Constelación de Tucana

CF Tucanae