Jugoslavenske tajne službe su bile: OZNA, UDBA i KOS.

OZNA

OZNA (akronim od Odjeljenje zaštite naroda), jugoslavenska sigurnosno–obavještajna organizacija nastala odlukom vrhovnoga zapovjednika NOV i POJ Josipa Broza-Tita od 13. svibnja 1944. pri Povjereništvu za narodnu obranu NKOJ. Proizišla je iz Odseka za zaštitu naroda, stvorenoga 1943. Jedinstvena i centralizirana organizacija koja je bila ustrojena po vojnim načelima, a bavila se uglavnom unutarnjim poslovima. Tijekom ljeta 1944. počelo je organiziranje OZNE i postrojba PPK-a (Protiv pete kolone). Te su dvije organizacije bile zadužene za otkrivanje, hvatanje i kažnjavanje (likvidaciju) špijuna i »narodnih neprijatelja«. Do proljeća 1945. otkriven je i uhvaćen veći broj špijuna i kolaboracionista, od kojih su neki likvidirani. Nekima krivnja nikada nije dokazana. OZNA je djelovala na temelju dojava, pa su uhićenja često bila rezultat osobnih sukoba i želje za osvetom.

Činjenica je da pripadnike OZNE u njihovu radu nije kontrolirao nitko osim njihovih nadređenih u samoj organizaciji. Na početku 1945. pod nazivom Zadaci NOO-a pri oslobođenju u novim krajevima utvrđen je postupak preuzimanja gradova i uklanjanja neprijateljskih elemenata prema kojem je u oslobođenim mjestima OZNA imala najvažniju ulogu, odnosno neograničenu vlast. Podređeni su joj bili svi organi civilne vlasti i vojska. Samovoljna uhićenja i likvidacije u sklopu proganjanja »narodnih neprijatelja« provodila je tijekom cijele 1945., bez obzira na negodovanje naroda, a ponekad i NOO-a. Imala je ovlasti na području cijele države, s odsjecima pri glavnim stožerima i svim postrojbama jugoslavenske vojske. Godine 1946. OZNA je preustrojena, pa je umjesto nje, u sastavu saveznog Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova, uspostavljena Uprava državne bezbednosti (UDBA).

UDBA

UDBA, kratica i najčešće rabljen naziv za Upravu državne bezbjednosti, jugoslavensku tajnu policiju. Organizacija nastala preustrojavanjem OZNE (Odjeljenje zaštite naroda) 1946. U suradnji s Narodnom milicijom i Korpusom narodne obrane Jugoslavije (KNOJ) borila se protiv ostataka kolaboracionističkih snaga, pristaša Rezolucije Informbiroa (IB) i protivnika komun. režima. Tijekom suprotstavljanja Informbirou 1948. – 1953. iznimno je ojačala te je pod vodstvom Aleksandra Rankovića izmaknula kontroli. U zemlji se najviše bavila suzbijanjem krijumčarenja i crnog tržišta. Na čelo UDBE i organizacija po svim većim gradovima sredinom 1950-ih postavljeni su novi ljudi. Od 1964. djeluje pod nazivom Služba državne bezbjednosti (SDB). Moćna tajna služba djelovala je kao "sila iznad društva" (iznad SKJ) te, u sukobu s tadašnjim liberalnim tendencijama u Savezu komunista, Josip Broz Tito se nakon »afere prisluškivanja« (1966.), kojemu je i sam bio izložen, odlučuje za politički obračun s glavnim šefovima službe Aleksandrom Rankovićem i Svetislavom Stefanovićem.

Brijunski plenum je naziv za IV. plenum CK SKJ održan 1. srpnja 1966., na kojemu je uklonjen s položaja potpredsjednika SFRJ Aleksandar Ranković te ograničena velika moć Službe državne sigurnosti. Ovim plenumom započeo je proces liberalizacije političkog i ekonomskog života i ekonomsko-političke reforme.  Nakon afere prisluškivanja, niza nezakonitosti, a potom i smjenjivanja Aleksandra Rankovića, došlo je do radikalnijih kadrovskih promjena. Zakonom o unutarnjim poslovima iz 1966. određene su promjene statusa i ovlasti organizacije. Proces liberalizacije političkog i ekonomskog života zaustavljen je 1968. ponovno intervencijom Službe državne sigurnosti u gušenju studentskih nemira. Za Hrvatskog proljeća 1971. i 1972. služba se ponovno eksponirala kao najvažniji element državne represije. Definitivno su učinci Brijunskog plenuma poništeni obnovom dogmatizma 1972. Mnogobrojni građani različita imovnog i društvenog položaja, a posebice političari, radili su kao njezini doušnici. Do kraja postojanja ostala je tajnovitom.

KOS

KOS, (kratica od Kontraobavještajna služba), protuobavještajna služba državnog aparata SFRJ osnovana sredinom 1952., kada se iz UDBE izdvojilo područje vojne sigurnosti. Vojna služba u bivšoj Jugoslaviji koja se bavila organiziranom obranom od stranih obavještajnih službi, 1966. preimenovana je u Upravu sigurnosti JNA. U prvoj fazi bavila se borbom protiv »informbiroovske emigracije«. U drugoj fazi, od početka 1960-ih, bavila se prikupljanjem podataka o »neprijateljskoj emigraciji«, protivnicima režima izvan zemlje i njihovim vezama s »unutaranjim neprijateljem«. KOS se obračunavao s pripadnicima hrvatske dijaspore koji su na bilo koji način osporavali SFRJ. Uz njezinu djelatnost vezuju se aktivnosti protiv demokratskog preustroja zemlje, napose protiv osamostaljivanja republika i vojne intervencije JNA. Za raspada SFRJ različitim je subverzivnim i terorističkim akcijama (Operacije "Labrador" i "Opera") nastojao onemogućiti uspostavu Republike Hrvatske.

Unutarnje poveznice
 OZNA, UDBA, KOS
 Jugoslavenske tajne službe (serijal)

Vanjske poveznice
 Izvješće o radu Komisije za utvrđivanje ratnih i poratnih žrtava Hrvatskoga državnog sabora
 Izvješće o radu Komisije za utvrđivanje ratnih i poratnih žrtava (1. – 21.- str.)
 IzvješćeVijeća za utvrđivanje poratnih žrtavakomunističkog sustava ubijenih u inozemstvu iste komisije (21. – 43. str.)
 Grobovi i grobišta u RH (43. – 103. str.)
 u Bosni i Hercegovini (103. – 109. str.)
 u Republici Sloveniji (110. – 116. str.)
 Antropološka istraživanja (117. – 124. str.)

Izvori

Sigurnosno-obavještajne službe

Jugoslavenske tajne službe


The Hospital for Sick Children (HSC), corporately branded as SickKids, is a major pediatric teaching hospital located on University Avenue in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Toronto, the hospital was ranked the top pediatric hospital in the world by Newsweek in 2021.

The hospital's Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning is believed to be the largest pediatric research tower in the world, at .

History

During 1875, an eleven-room house was rented for  a year by a Toronto women's bible study group, led by Elizabeth McMaster. Opened on March 1, it set up six iron cots and "declared open a hospital 'for the admission and treatment of all sick children.'" The first patient, a scalding victim named Maggie, came in on April 3. In its first year of operation, 44 patients were admitted to the hospital, and 67 others were treated in outpatient clinics.

In 1876, the hospital moved to larger facilities. In 1891, it moved from rented premises to a purposely-constructed building at College and Elizabeth Streets. It would remain there for 60 years. The building, known as the Victoria Hospital for Sick Children, is now the Toronto area headquarters of Canadian Blood Services. In 1951, the hospital moved to its present University Avenue location. On its grounds once stood the childhood home of the Canadian-born movie star Mary Pickford.

In 1972, the hospital became equipped with a rooftop helipad (CNW8).

From 1980 to 1981, the hospital was the site of a series of baby deaths.

In December 2022, the hospital was attacked by the LockBit ransomware gang, who apologized 13 days later and provided a decryptor to the hospital for free.

Contributions to medicine
The hospital was an early leader in the fields of food safety and nutrition. In 1908, a pasteurization facility for milk was established at the hospital, the first in Toronto, 30 years before milk pasteurization became mandatory. Researchers at the hospital invented an infant cereal, Pablum. The research that led to the discovery of insulin took place at the nearby University of Toronto and was soon applied in the hospital by Gladys Boyd. Dr. Frederick Banting, one of the researchers, had served his internship at the hospital and went on to become an attending physician there. In 1963, William Thornton Mustard developed the Mustard surgical procedure to help correct heart problems in blue baby syndrome. In 1989, a team of researchers at the hospital discovered the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis.

SickKids is a member of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO), the world's largest advocacy organization representing the biotechnology industry.

COVID-19 pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic, SickKids engaged in several campaigns to promote COVID-19 vaccines.

SickKids received $99,680.00 from the Government of Canada for two projects through a grant program titled "Encouraging vaccine confidence in Canada." The grant was jointly administered by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).

One of the funded proposals was titled "Building COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence: Educating the Educators." The result was a promotional video titled "COVID-19 Vaccination Information for Education & Child Care Sector Staff" narrated by Dr. Danielle Martin. It was produced by 19 to Zero, and distributed by the Ontario Ministry of Education to school boards, private schools and child care centres to use in COVID-19 vaccination educational programs.

A second proposal was titled "Stop COVID in Kids - School based vaccine education outreach to build trust and empower families", which received additional funding in the form of a $440,000 grant from the Public Health Agency of Canada's Immunization Partnership Fund.

Unqualified forensic testing
The hospital housed the Motherisk Drug Testing Laboratory. At the request of various child protection agencies, 16,000 hair samples were tested from 2005 to 2015. The former Ontario Appeal Court judge Susan Lang reviewed Motherisk Drug Testing Laboratory and determined that it was not qualified to do forensic testing. Lang also stated, "That SickKids failed to exercise meaningful oversight over MDTL's work must be considered in the context of the hospital's experience with Dr. Charles Smith." The 2008 Goudge Report found also that Dr. Charles Smith, whose forensic testimony led to wrongful convictions in the deaths of children, was not qualified to do forensic testing.

Future
The hospital is in its initial stages of expansion. In 2017, it established the "SickKids VS Limits" fundraising campaign, which will continue until 2022 to raise $1.5 billion for the expansion project. The funds will be used to build a patient care centre on University Avenue and a support centre on Elizabeth Street, to renovate the atrium, and to fund pediatric health research.

To provide the required area for the buildings, demolition of existing structures was required. That included the removal of a skyway spanning Elizabeth Street, the demolition of the Elizabeth McMaster Building at the northeast corner of Elizabeth Street and Elm Street, and the demolition of the laboratory and administrative building.

Construction of the 22-storey Patient Support Centre administrative building will occur on the site of the Elizabeth McMaster Building and finish in 2022. The Peter Gilgan Family Patient Care Tower is expected to open in 2029, and the atrium's renovation is expected to be completed by 2031.

Notable patients
Peter Czerwinski (born 1985), competitive eater known as "Furious Pete"; admitted as a teen while battling anorexia
Mel Hague (born 1943), author and country singer; admitted at 9 for infantile paralysis (now known as cerebral palsy)
Morgan Holmes, sociologist; had a clitorectomy at 7
Peter G. Kavanagh (1953-2016), radio and television producer; was treated for paralytic poliomyelitis in infancy and childhood
Aqsa Parvez (1991-2007), murder victim; died at the hospital
Leonard Thompson (1908-1935), the first diabetic patient to be treated with insulin; received treatment as a teen
Peter Woodcock (1939-2010), serial killer; was treated extensively throughout his childhood

Notable staff

Benjamin Alman, professor and head of the division of orthopedic surgery, senior scientist in developmental and stem cell biology
Jean Augustine (born 1937), member of the Board of Trustees
Harry Bain (1921-2001), paediatrician (1951-85)
Frederick Banting (1891-1941), resident surgeon
Sonia Baxendale, member of the Board of Trustees
Jalynn Bennett (1943-2015), member of the Board of Directors
Zulfiqar Bhutta, co-director of the centre for global child health
Gladys Boyd (1894-1969), paediatrician, head of endocrine services
Susan Bradley (born 1940), head of the division of child psychiatry and psychiatrist-in-chief
Manuel Buchwald (born 1940), staff geneticist, scientist, senior scientist, and director of the research institute
Kevin Chan, emergency physician
Jim Coutts (1938-2013), member of the board and foundation
A. Jamie Cuticchia (born 1966), director of bioinformatics
Arlington Franklin Dungy (????-2016), chief of paedodontics
John Taylor Fotheringham (1860-1940), staff member
Julie Forman-Kay, scientist
Vicky Forster, postdoctoral researcher
Anna Goldenberg, senior scientist
William A. Goldie (1873-1950), chief of the infection division
Camilla Gryski, therapeutic clown
Mary Jo Haddad, president and CEO for ten years
Mark Henkelman, senior scientist emeritus
Lisa Houghton, worked at the hospital
Sanford Jackson, research biochemist and biochemist-in-chief
Monica Justice, program head of genetics and genome biology
Lewis E. Kay (born 1961), senior scientist in molecular medicine
Shaf Keshavjee, became a director of the Toronto lung transplant program in 1997 and later a scientist in 2012
Gideon Koren (born 1947), doctor
Arlette Lefebvre (born 1947), child psychiatrist
Kellie Leitch (born 1970), orthopaedic pediatric surgeon
James MacCallum (1860-1943), ophthalmologist
Sabi Marwah (born 1951), board member
Michael McCain (born 1958), member of the Board of Trustees
Kathryn McGarry, critical care nurse
Pleasantine Mill, cell biologist who worked at the hospital
Freda Miller, developmental neurobiologist
Caroline Mulroney (born 1974), board member
Edward G. Murphy (1921-2020), senior staff member
Aideen Nicholson (1927-2019), social worker
Isaac Odame, staff physician
Edmund Boyd Osler (1845-1924), trustee
Blake Papsin (born 1959), otolaryngologist
Rulan S. Parekh, former senior scientist in child health evaluative sciences and associate chief of clinical research
Tom Pashby, former senior staff ophthalmologist and sport safety advocate
Debra Pepler, senior associate scientist
Audrius V. Plioplys, chief resident of child neurology
John Russell Reynolds (1828-1896), assistant physician
Lisa Robinson, former head of the division of nephrology
Edward S. Rogers III (born 1969), director
Johanna Rommens, senior scientist emeritus
Miriam Rossi (1937-2018), pediatrician in the division of adolescent medicine
James Rutka (born 1956), subspecializes in pediatric neurosurgery
Robert B. Salter (1924-2010), surgeon
Harry Schachter (born 1933), head of the division of biochemistry research
Chandrakant Shah (born 1936), honorary staff
Louis Siminovitch (1920-2021), helped establish the department of genetics and became geneticist-in-chief
Sheila Singh, neurosurgeon
Charles R. Smith, head forensic pathologist
Valerie Speirs, professor
Ambrose Thomas Stanton (1875-1938), house surgeon
Martin J. Steinbach (1941-2017), senior scientist in department of ophthalmology
Anna Taddio (born 1967), adjunct senior scientist and clinical pharmacist
Kathleen P. Taylor (born 1957), member of the Board of Trustees
Ahmad Teebi (1949-2010), clinical geneticist
John M. Thompson (born 1949), vice chairman of the Board of Trustees
Margaret W. Thompson (1920-2014), genetics researcher
Richard M. Thomson (born 1933), member on the Board of Directors
James Thorburn (1830-1905), physician of the boys' home
Frederick Tisdall (1893-1949), pediatrician
James Marshall Tory (1930-2013), chairman of the board
Lap-Chee Tsui (born 1950), member of department of genetics
Norma Ford Walker (1893-1968), first director of the department of genetics
Prem Watsa (born 1950), member of the Board of Trustees
Bryan R.G. Williams, held various positions at the hospital
Ronald Worton (born 1942), director of the diagnostic cytogenetics laboratory
Stanley Zlotkin, clinical nutritionist

References

Footnotes

External links
 The Hospital for Sick Children website
 SickKids Foundation website

1875 establishments in Ontario
Certified airports in Ontario
Children's hospitals in Canada
Heliports in Ontario
Hospital buildings completed in 1891
Hospitals affiliated with the University of Toronto
Hospitals established in 1875
Hospitals in Toronto

Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto)


Andican ili (Özbekçe:Andijon viloyati / Андижон вилояти), Özbekistan'ın 12 ilinden birisidir.

Ülkenin doğu ucunda yer alan ve Kırgızistan'a sınırı bulunan vilayetin 2005 yılı resmi nüfusu 1.899.500, yüzölçümü 4.200 km²'dir. Yönetim merkezi vilayete adını veren Andican şehridir.

İlçeleri

Şehirler
Büyük şehirleri Andican, Asaka, Şahrihan, Hanabad, Karasu vb.

Özbekistan'ın illeri

Andican (il)


La línea N5 (Nocturna 5) del Transporte Urbano Comarcal de Pamplona cubre la ruta entre la Cuesta de Labrit, en el centro de Pamplona y las localidad de Huarte, contando con dos extensiones que llegan hasta las localidades de Olaz y Gorraiz.

En su trayecto discurre por los barrios pamploneses del Segundo Ensanche y las localidades de Burlada, Villava, Huarte, Olaz, Gorraiz Norte (extensión 1) Gorraiz Sur (extensión 2) respectivamente, realizándose también el mismo servicio en sentido inverso.

Tiene servicio todas las noches aunque su horario es más amplio los sábados y vísperas de festivos donde se cubre casi toda la franja horaria donde no hay servicio diurno y los viernes en que el servicio finaliza a las 3:45 h. La línea dispone de servicios para personas con discapacidad.

Esta línea opera con su denominación desde la implantación de la Red del Transporte Urbano Comarcal el 26 de julio de 1999.

Paradas

Véase también
 Transporte Urbano Comarcal de Pamplona
 Mancomunidad de la Comarca de Pamplona

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mancomunidad de la Comarca de Pamplona - TUC

Transporte Urbano Comarcal de Pamplona

Línea N5 (TUC Pamplona)


Kiel et Tanger est un ouvrage du journaliste et homme politique français Charles Maurras, directeur de L'Action française. Cet essai, écrit en 1905 et complété jusqu'à sa première publication en 1910, fait l'état des faiblesses militaires de la France liées à . Le livre est constitué à partir des articles de Charles Maurras parus dans la Gazette de France et L'Action française. Le livre a fait l'objet de rééditions, en 1913 et 1921, puis en 2018.

Présentation

Le titre de l'ouvrage puise son origine dans deux événements : la revue navale de Kiel le 18 juin 1895 où la marine militaire française participe aux côtés de navires allemands et russes dans une démonstration antibritannique et la crise de Tanger du 31 mars 1905, déclenchée par l'empereur allemand Guillaume II s'opposant à la création d'un protectorat français sur le Maroc. Le gouvernement français de l'époque est déstabilisé et mis en porte-à-faux sur la scène diplomatique.

Kiel et Tanger est une critique de la politique étrangère française entre 1895 et 1905, période pendant laquelle, le ministère des Affaires étrangères explore deux voies : .

Le nationalisme intégral de Maurras est nourri par l'esprit de revanche contre l'Allemagne jusqu'à établir . Cependant, il faut appréhender le nationalisme intégral de Maurras strictement comme un nationalisme défensif car . Pour autant, la revanche demeure un mythe avant 1914 du fait que . En face, l'Empire allemand déployait .

Face à l'accentuation des tensions franco-germaniques, aux coupures dans les budgets militaires depuis 1890 et à l'impréparation de la France, Maurras prédit 500 000 morts lors du prochain conflit : . Le bilan humain de la Grande guerre est finalement plus lourd avec  françaises.

Maurras conclut que .

Plusieurs fois dans le livre, Charles Maurras se plaît à citer Marcel Sembat, .

Réception
L'ouvrage de Maurras rencontre un grand succès à l'origine. Albert Thibaudet, critique littéraire de l'entre-deux-guerres, résume Kiel et Tanger comme . Du mois d'août à novembre 1910, L'Action française publie  à propos du livre.

La réception de l'ouvrage lors de sa réédition en 2018 est bien plus controversée.

Postérité
Kiel et Tanger est une œuvre saluée pour sa qualité d'anticipation des relations internationales. En 1972, lors d'une conférence donnée à l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris, Georges Pompidou cite un passage de Kiel et Tanger :

Il rajoute .

Kiel et Tanger est le premier livre de Maurras lu par Éric Zemmour avant de découvrir Devant l'Allemagne éternelle.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Liens

 Kiel et Tanger dans Gallica, la bibliothèque numérique de la BnF

Ouvrage de Charles Maurras
Géopolitique
Diplomatie
Essai paru en 1910
Essai français des années 1910
Livre politique
Essai sur la politique
Essai sur la politique française

Kiel et Tanger


Sofia Andrukhovych , née le 17 novembre 1982 à Ivano-Frankivsk, est une écrivaine, essayiste et traductrice ukrainienne.

Biographie
Sofia Andrukhovych naît en 1982 dans l'ouest de l'Ukraine, dans la ville d'Ivano-Frankisk. Elle est la fille de Nina et Iouri Andrukhovych, écrivain ukrainien reconnu. Elle est mariée à l'écrivain  et a une fille, Varvara, née le 10 mars 2008.

En 2004, elle reçoit une bourse de résidence de la part de l'association Villa Decius à Cracovie où elle a habité. Par la suite, elle réside à Kyiv.

Œuvre
Après la fin de ses études, elle travaille pour la revue périodique Tchetver, sous la direction de l'écrivain .

Andrukhovych commence à publier des recueils de prose à partir de 2002. Son roman Felix Austria, paru en 2014, est notamment remarqué. En décembre 2014, le roman est récompensé du titre de livre de l'année par .

En mars 2021, elle reçoit le , dans la catégorie Littérature.

Publications

Prose

Traductions en ukrainien

Sources

Liens externes

 Biographie de Sofia Andrukhovych sur etonnants-voyageurs.com
 Fiche sur Felix Austria sur le site de l'éditeur français Noir sur Blanc

Notes et références

Naissance en novembre 1982
Naissance à Ivano-Frankivsk
Écrivain ukrainien du XXIe siècle
Femme de lettres ukrainienne
Traductrice ukrainienne
Essayiste ukrainien
Traducteur ukrainien du XXIe siècle

Sofia Andrukhovych


San Cristóbal Totonicapán («San Cristóbal», en honor a San Cristóbal de Licia; «Totonicapán», del náhuatl: «arriba en el agua caliente») es un municipio del departamento de Totonicapán, Guatemala. Según el censo de 2018, tiene una población de 36 119 habitantes.

Celebra su fiesta titular el 25 de julio de cada año en honor a San Cristóbal.

Fundado por los conquistadores españoles, durante la época colonial fue parte del corregimiento de Totonicapán. Después de la Independencia de Centroamérica en 1821, pasó a formar parte del departamento de Sololá/Suchitepéquez y estaba en el distrito de Sololá para la impartición de justicia. En 1838 estuvo entre los poblados que formaron el Estado de Los Altos, que se segregó del Estado de Guatemala por iniciativa de los criollos liberales de la región; pero este intento de secesión fue aplastado por el hombre fuerte del régimen conservador guatemalteco, el general mestizo Rafael Carrera.

Tras la Revolución Liberal de 1871, ocurrida seis años después de la muerte del general Carrera, los liberales recuperaron el poder en Guatemala, y el 12 de agosto de 1872 separaron el extenso departamento de Sololá/Suchitepéquez, creando el nuevo departamento de Quiché con los distritos de la Sierra y Quiché; por su parte, San Cristóbal pasó al departamento de Totonicapán.

En 1976 fue prácticamente destruido por el terremoto del 4 de febrero, pero se ha recuperado considerablemente desde entonces.

Toponimia

Nombre en castellano

Muchos de los nombres de los municipios y poblados de Guatemala constan de dos partes: el nombre del santo católico que se venera el día en que fueron fundados y una descripción con raíz náhuatl; esto se debe a que las tropas que invadieron la región en la década de 1520 al mando de Pedro de Alvarado estaban compuestas por soldados españoles y por indígenas tlaxcaltecas y cholultecas. Así pues, el poblado recibió su nombre en honor a San Cristóbal mártir, mientras que el topónimo «Totonicapán» es derivado de las palabras en náhuatl «totonilco» (español: «agua caliente») y «pan» (español: «arriba»); por lo tanto, Totonicapán significa «arriba en el agua caliente».

Nombre en k'ich'e

El municipio de San Cristóbal Totonicapán fue anteriormente conocido como Paxulá o Pachulá, un topónimo que proviene de las raíces en k'ich'e «pa» (español:«lugar»), «jul» (español: «agujero») y «já» (español: «agua» o «río»), que podrían signifcar «en el lugar de la catarata».

División política
El municipio de San Cristóbal Totonicapán tiene una extensión territorial de 36 km², formando el 3.39% del departamento de Totonicapán y convirtiéndolo en el más pequeño del departamento. Anteriormente el municipio contaba con nueve aldeas, pero poco a poco fueron desapareciendo hasta que quedó solo una. Además posee siete cantones, que detallan en el siguiente cuadro:

Geografía física

Ubicación geográfica

San Cristóbal Totonicapán se encuentra encuentra en el departamento de Totonicapán y a una distancia de 12 km de la cabecera departamental. Está localizado en la parte sur del departamento de Totonicapán y sus colindancias son:

 Norte: San Francisco El Alto, municipio del departamento de Totonicapán
 Sur: San Carlos Sija y Salcajá, municipios del departamento de Quetzaltenango
 Este: Totonicapán, municipio del departamento de Totonicapán
 Oeste: San Andrés Xecul, municipio del departamento de Totonicapán

Gobierno municipal

Los municipios se encuentran regulados en diversas leyes de la República, que establecen su forma de organización, lo relativo a la conformación de sus órganos administrativos y los tributos destinados para los mismos.  Aunque se trata de entidades autónomas, se encuentran sujetos a la legislación nacional y las principales leyes que los rigen desde 1985 son:

El gobierno de los municipios está a cargo de un Concejo Municipal mientras que el código municipal —ley ordinaria que contiene disposiciones que se aplican a todos los municipios— establece que «el concejo municipal es el órgano colegiado superior de deliberación y de decisión de los asuntos municipales […] y tiene su sede en la circunscripción de la cabecera municipal»; el artículo 33 del mencionado código establece que «[le] corresponde con exclusividad al concejo municipal el ejercicio del gobierno del municipio».

El concejo municipal se integra con el alcalde, los síndicos y concejales, electos directamente por sufragio universal y secreto para un período de cuatro años, pudiendo ser reelectos.

Existen también las Alcaldías Auxiliares, los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo (COCODE), el Comité Municipal del Desarrollo (COMUDE), las asociaciones culturales y las comisiones de trabajo. Los alcaldes auxiliares son elegidos por las comunidades de acuerdo a sus principios y tradiciones, y se reúnen con el alcalde municipal el primer domingo de cada mes, mientras que los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo y el Comité Municipal de Desarrollo organizan y facilitan la participación de las comunidades priorizando necesidades y problemas.

Historia

El poblado es uno de los más antiguos de Guatemala, ya que se tienen referencias de su existencia desde el siglo . Se creó aproximadamente en el año de 1578 por los conquistadores españoles.

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica

Conformación de los Distritos del Estado De Guatemala tras la iindependencia del Reino de Guatemala de España.

El efímero Estado de Los Altos

Tras la disolución del Primer Imperio Mexicano y la consecuente separación de las Provincias Unidas del Centro de América, la región de Los Altos buscósu separación de Guatemala. Hubo dos condiciones que fueron favorables a las pretensiones de la élite criolla altense: la creación de un marco legal en la constitución centroamericana para la formación de nuevos estados dentro del territorio de la república y la llegada al gobierno de los federalistas liberales, encabezados por Francisco Morazán.  Luego de la independencia, los mestizos y criollos locales favorecieron al partido liberal, en tanto que la mayoría indígena era partidaria de la Iglesia Católica y, por ende, conservadora.

El 25 de diciembre de 1838 el congreso de la República Federal de Centro América autorizó la creación del Estado de Los Altos, al que pasó San Cristóbal Totonicapán; pero las revueltas indígenas en el Estado de Los Altos fueron constantes por el maltrato de los criollos liberales y alcanzaron su punto crítico el 1.º de octubre de 1839, cuando hubo una sublevación en Santa Catarina Ixtahuacán, Sololá, por el incremento del impuesto indígena. Cuando tropas altenses reprimieron la sublevación y mataron a cuarenta vecinos, los indígenas encolerizados acudieron al caudillo conservador Rafael Carrera, en busca de protección; se dice que uno de ellos llevó la cabeza de su hijo muerto como prueba de la tiranía del jefe de estado Molina. Por otra parte, en octubre de 1839 la tensión comercial entre Guatemala y Los Altos dio paso a movimientos militares; hubo rumores de que Los Altos estaban organizando un ejército en Sololá con la intención de invadir Guatemala, lo que puso a esta en máxima alerta.

Tras algunas escaramuzas, los ejércitos se enfrentaron en Sololá el 25 de enero de 1840; Carrera venció a las fuerzas del general Agustín Guzmán e incluso apresó a éste mientras que el general Doroteo Monterrosa venció a las fuerzas altenses del coronel Antonio Corzo el 28 de enero.  El gobierno quetzalteco colapsó entonces, pues aparte de las derrotas militares, los poblados indígenas -incluyendo a los de Totonicapán- abrazaron la causa conservadora de inmediato; al entrar a Quetzaltenango al frente de dos mil hombres, Carrera fue recibido por una gran multitud que lo saludaba como su «libertador».

Carrera impuso un régimen duro y hostil para los liberales altenses, pero bondadoso para los indígenas de la región —derogando el impuesto personal— y para los eclesiásticos restituyendo los privilegios de la religión católica. El 26 de febrero de 1840 el gobierno de Guatemala colocó a Los Altos bajo su autoridad y el 13 de agosto de nombró al corregidor de la región, el cual servía también como comandante general del ejército y superintendente.

Tras la Reforma Liberal de 1871

Luego de la Reforma Liberal de 1871, el gobierno de facto del presidente provisiorio Miguel García Granados dispuso crear el departamento de Quiché para mejorar la administración territorial de la República dada la enorme extensión del territorio de los departamentos de Totonicapán/Huehuetenango y de Sololá/Suchitepéquez. De esta cuenta, el 12 de agosto de 1872 el departamento de Sololá/Suchitepéuez perdió sus distritos de Suchitepéquez, de la Sierra y de Quiché y San Cristóbal Totonicapán pasó a formar parte del nuevo departamento de Totonicapán, junto con Totonicapán, San Andrés Xecul, San Francisco El Alto, San Carlos Sija, San Antonio Sija, San Bartolo Agua Caliente, Calel, Momostenango, Santa María Chiquimula, San Antonio Ilotenango, Nagualá y Santo Tomás Perdido, en la costa de Suchitepéquez.

Terremoto del 4 de febrero de 1976

El 4 de febrero de 1976 un terremoto de magnitud de 7.5 grados que sacudió a Guatemala destruyó un tercio de la Ciudad de Guatemala y poblados enteros quedaron reducidos a escombros, entre ellos San Cristóbal Totonicapán.  Aproximadamente veintitrés mil personas fallecieron, setenta y seis mil resultaron heridos y hubo más de un millón de damnificados en todo el país.

Tras el terremoto de Guatemala de 1976 la Fundación Juan Bautista Gutiérrez se hizo cargo de la reconstrucción de la escuela del municipio de San Cristóbal Totonicapán, a la que los pobladores bautizaron con el nombre de Escuela «Juan Bautista Gutiérrez»; de hecho, la Fundación ha estado activa en el funcionamiento de la escuela desde entonces.

Véase también

 Elecciones municipales de Guatemala de 2015
 Fundación Juan Bautista Gutiérrez
 Historia Territorial de Guatemala
 Organización territorial de Guatemala

Notas y referencias

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Municipios de Totonicapán
Patronazgo de San Cristóbal de Licia
Poblados del extinguido Estado de Los Altos
Toponimia náhuatl de Guatemala

San Cristóbal Totonicapán


Die Saison 2007/08 der Isthmian League war die 92. Spielzeit in der Geschichte der Spielklasse.

Isthmian League Premier Division
In der Premier Division gewann Chelmsford City erstmals die Meisterschaft und stieg gemeinsam mit dem Play-off-Sieger AFC Wimbledon in die Conference South auf. Dem FC Boreham Wood blieb der Abstieg in die Isthmian League Division One erspart, weil Halifax Town aus der Conference National ausgeschlossen wurde und dadurch aus den darüber liegenden Ligen jeweils eine Mannschaft weniger abstieg. East Thurrock United landete wegen eines Abzugs von einem Punkt auf einem der drei Abstiegsplätze und startete ebenso wie der FC Leyton in der Folgesaison in der Nordstaffel der Division One, der dritte Absteiger, Folkestone Invicta, musste in der Südstaffel antreten.

Tabelle

 ||Meister und Aufsteiger in die Conference South
 || Play-off-Teilnehmer
 || Play-off-Sieger und Aufsteiger in die Conference South
 || rowspan="2" |Play-off-Teilnehmer

|| rowspan="3" |Abstieg in die Isthmian League Division One North bzw. South

|}

1East Thurrock United wurde wegen des Einsatzes eines nicht spielberechtigten Spielers ein Punkt abgezogen.

Play-offs

Torschützenliste

Isthmian League Division One North
Neben dem FC Dartford gelang über die Play-off-Runde auch dem FC Canvey Island der Aufstieg in die Premier Division. Der FC Ilford entging dem Abstieg durch den Rückzug des Klubs Edgware Town, der zur folgenden Saison über keine Spielstätte mehr verfügte. Daneben musste auch der Tabellenletzten Wivenhoe Town die Isthmian League verlassen.

Tabelle

 ||Meister und Aufsteiger in die Isthmian League Premier Division
 || rowspan="3" |Play-off-Teilnehmer

 || Play-off-Sieger und Aufsteiger in die Isthmian League Premier Division

 || Rückzug vom Spielbetrieb

 || Abstieg in die Eastern Counties League
|}
2Dem FC Redbridge wurde wegen des Einsatzes eines nicht spielberechtigten Spielers ein Punkt abgezogen.
3Dem FC Tilbury wurde wegen des Einsatzes eines nicht spielberechtigten Spielers ein Punkt abgezogen.

Play-offs

Torschützenliste

Isthmian League Division One South
Aus der Südstaffel stieg neben Dover Athletic, trainiert vom langjährigen Profispieler Andy Hessenthaler, auch Tooting & Mitcham United auf. Absteigen mussten Horsham YMCA (Aufsteiger von 2006) und der FC Molesey, der seit 1977 ununterbrochen Mitglied der Isthmian League gewesen war.

Tabelle

||Meister und Aufsteiger in die Isthmian League Premier Division
||Play-off-Sieger und Aufsteiger in die Isthmian League Premier Division
|| rowspan="3" |Play-off-Teilnehmer

|| Abstieg in die Sussex County League
 || Abstieg in die Combined Counties League
|}
4Burgess Hill Town wurde wegen des Einsatzes eines nicht spielberechtigten Spielers acht Punkte abgezogen.

Play-offs

Torschützenliste

Isthmian League Cup
Der Isthmian League Cup, der ligainterne Pokalwettbewerb an dem alle 66 Mannschaften teilnahmen, wurde zum 34. Mal ausgetragen. Im Finale setzte sich im Princes Park von Dartford der FC Ramsgate nach einer torlosen Partie mit 5:4 im Elfmeterschießen gegen den AFC Sudbury durch und gewann damit den Wettbewerb zum ersten Mal.

Abschneiden in landesweiten Pokalwettbewerben

FA Cup
Alle 66 Mannschaften der Isthmian League nahmen am FA Cup 2007/08 teil, die 44 Teams der Division One starteten in der Vorqualifikationsrunde, die Mannschaften der Premier Division eine Runde später in der ersten Qualifikationsrunde. Insgesamt vier Mannschaften überstanden die vierte Qualifikationsrunde und erreichten damit die erste Hauptrunde, darunter mit dem FC Ware ein Klub aus der Nord-Division, der damit als Mannschaft der achten Ligastufe einer von drei klassenniedrigsten Hauptrundenteilnehmern war. Ware scheiterte in der ersten Hauptrunde am Fünftligisten Kidderminster Harriers mit 0:2, ebenso unterlag Billericay Town dem Drittligisten Swansea City mit 1:2.

Der FC Horsham überstand durch einen 4:1-Sieg gegen den Sechstligisten Maidenhead United die erste Runde, Staines Town spielte zwei Mal gegen den Viertligisten Stockport County 1:1 und setzte sich im zweiten Spiel mit 4:3 im Elfmeterschießen durch. In der zweiten Hauptrunde kam dann für beide verbliebenen Klubs der Isthmian League das Aus, Staines Town unterlag dem Viertligaklub Peterborough United mit 0:5, Horsham zwang Swansea City mit einem 1:1 in ein Wiederholungsspiel, musste sich dort dann aber mit 2:6 geschlagen geben.

FA Trophy
Bei der FA Trophy 2007/08 starteten ebenfalls alle 66 Ligateilnehmer, mit dem FC Wealdstone, den Tonbridge Angels, Carshalton Athletic und dem AFC Wimbledon erreichten vier Klubs der Premier Division und mit Canvey Island ein Klub der Nord-Staffel die erste Hauptrunde. Erfolgreichster Teilnehmer wurde Wimbledon, das sich erst in der 3. Hauptrunde (Achtelfinale) dem Fünftligisten Torquay United mit 0:2 geschlagen geben musste.

Literatur

Weblinks
 isthmianarchive.co.uk: Saisoninformation im "The Isthmian Archive"
 tonykempster.co.uk: Results, Tables, Attendances, Maps & Mileages 2007/08

Einzelnachweise

2007
Fußballsaison 2007/08

Isthmian League 2007/08


An Stelis megantha in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni João Barbosa Rodrigues. An Stelis megantha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stelis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Stelis (Orchidaceae)

Stelis megantha


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 10 Mayıs - Azîz, Fâtımî halifesi (ö. 996)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 II. Otto, Saksonya'nın veya Ottonyan hanedanlığı'nın üçüncü hükümdarı (ö. 983)

Ölümler
 8 Kasım - II. Agapetus, papa
 23 Kasım - Eadred, İngiltere Kralı (d. 923)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Satuk Buğra Han, Karahanlılar Hükümdarı (d. 922)

955


Giselbert od Luksemburga (o. 1007. – 14. kolovoza 1059.) bio je grof Salma i Longwyja, kao i grof Luksemburga (1047. – 1059.). Bio je sin Fridrika od Luksemburga, grofa Moselgaua i njegove supruge (Ermentruda of Gleiberga?) te tako brat grofa Henrika II. od Luksemburga, nakon čije je smrti naslijedio Luksemburg. Godine 1050., dao je podići novi gradski bedem.

Ovo su djeca Giselberta i njegove supruge:
Konrad I. od Luksemburga († 1086.)
Herman od Salma, osnivač Dinastije Salm
kći — žena Thierryja of Amenslebena
kći — žena grofa Kuna od Oltingena
Adalbéron († 1097.) — svećenik u Metzu
Juta, supruga Uda od Limburga

Izvori

Luksemburgovci

Giselbert od Luksemburga


Fernando Aranda Grúas (Tamarite de Litera, 2 de agosto de 1910 – Barcelona, 16 de diciembre de 2002) fue piloto de motos y el primer español ganador de una prueba mundial en motociclismo. Obtuvo gran popularidad entre los años 30 y 50.

Comenzó a correr en 1927, sustituyendo al piloto Miguel Simón en el velódromo de Sants en la carrera de 125 cc, prueba que ganó. Ese mismo año disputó otros campeonatos, todos con motos prestadas, y alcanzó el tercer puesto en el Gran Premio de Europa disputado en La Ametlla.

Entre 1928 y 1930 destacó pilotando las FN de 350 y de 500 cc, así como la Ariel de 500 cc, con la que ganó la carrera de montaña de Vallvidrera. En 1930 ganó también la carrera de la Carretera de la Arrabassada con una Rudge de 500 cc, lo que le empujó a comprarse una Rudge 350, con la que corrió entre 1931 y 1933 consiguiendo victorias en España, Portugal, Francia e Italia.

En 1934 fue campeón de España de  350 cc y 500 cc en el II Premio Barcelona utilizando una Velocette. Norton le contrató como piloto oficial para el resto de la temporada, pero Aranda tuvo la mala suerte de sufrir el peor accidente de su carrera en el Gran Premio de Alemania, justo antes de empezar a correr con Norton: una caída a más de 120 km/h le causó diversas fracturas y pasó meses ingresado en Alemania y Barcelona.

Tras la Guerra Civil Española reapareció en 1948, corriendo con Guzzi Gambalunga tanto en 250 cc como en 500. En 1950 fue campeón de España de 250 cc y se le entregó la medalla de plata al Mérito Motorista. Con Guzzi siguió cosechando éxitos hasta 1952, año en que decidió retirarse veintiséis años después de su debut.

Sin embargo, Gilera le ofreció una moto de cuatro cilindros exclusiva para el GP de España de 1953 (Montjuic), y Aranda interrumpió su retiro para correr, acabando en buena posición a pesar de sufrir una caída.

Fue un piloto muy veloz y de gran popularidad en su época. En su larga vida profesional, además de correr en todas las carreras que podía dentro y fuera de España fue piloto oficial en la creación del motor Ducati y ayudó a la consolidación de algunas marcas de motos con los distintos locales de venta y reparación que abrió en Barcelona, siendo la última tienda y taller que tuvo de la marca Honda, aún existente como concesionario oficial de Honda. En su Tamarite natal se le brindó un homenaje al que asistió su amigo y seguidor Sito Pons. En Tamarite hay una plaza con su nombre dedicada a su memoria.

Véase también
 Personas célebres de Tamarite de Litera.

Referencias

Pilotos de motociclismo de España
Deportistas de Aragón
Nacidos en Tamarite de Litera
Fallecidos en Barcelona

Fernando Aranda Grúas


În franciza ă Star Trek, Secțiunea 31 este o organizație autonomă oficial inexistentă de apărare și serviciu secret. Desfășoară operațiuni de securitate specială și este condusă de cetățeni ai Federației care nu sunt constrânși de protocoalele etice ale Flotei Stelare. Organizația este introdusă în canon în Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, cu apariții sau mențiuni în nouă episoade din Star Trek: Deep Space Nine și Star Trek: Enterprise, precum și în filmul Star Trek Into Darkness din 2013.

Autoritatea sa de funcționare provine dintr-o dispoziție care apare în Carta inițială a Flotei Stelare a Pământului în articolul 14, secțiunea 31, din care derivă numele organizației. Articolul 14, secțiunea 31 permite "nerespectarea regulilor" în timpul unor amenințări extraordinare.

Spre deosebire de alte organizații de poliție secretă din universul Star Trek, cum ar fi  Tal Shiar (în Imperiul Romulan) sau Ordinul Obsidian Cardassian, Secțiunea 31 nu este o ramură reală a guvernului. Fără a răspunde în fața cuiva, Secțiunea 31 se concentrează asupra amenințărilor externe și urmărește pe cele pe care le identifică prin orice mijloace pe care le consideră potrivite.

Secțiunea 31 a fost cea care a contribuit cel mai mult la victoria coaliției dintre  Federație, Imperiul Klingonian și Imperiul Galactic Romulan în războiul împotriva Dominionului din cauza introducerii unui virus în Marea Legătură, ceea ce a decis în mare parte rezultatul războiului.

Agenți
Agenți ai Secțiunii 31:
Luther Sloan: Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
Harris: Star Trek: Enterprise
Malcolm Reed: Star Trek: Enterprise
Amiralul Alexander Marcus, Thomas Harewood, John Harrison: Star Trek Into Darkness
Doar în romane:
Charles Tucker III (Star Trek: Enterprise; The Good That Men Do, Kobayashi Maru, The Romulan War: Beneath the Raptor's Wing, The Romulan War: To Brave the Storm and Rise of the Federation: A Choice of Futures)
Tinh Hoc Phuong (The Good That Men Do)
Peter Lawrence (The Case of the Colonist's Corpse)
Admiral Lance Cartwright (Star Trek VI; Section 31: Cloak)
Admiral Matthew Dougherty (Star Trek: Insurrection; Section 31: Abyss)
Commander Cortin Zweller (Star Trek: The Next Generation; Section 31: Rogue)
Ambassador Aubin Tabor (Star Trek: The Next Generation; Section 31: Rogue)
Ensign Roberta Luke ("Scientific Method"; Section 31: Shadow)
Cole (Section 31: Abyss)
L'Haan (A Time to Kill, A Time to Heal, Typhon Pact - Zero Sum Game, Typhon Pact - Plagues of Night, Typhon Pact - Raise the Dawn, The Fall - A Ceremony of Losses)
Dietz (A Time to Kill, A Time to Heal)
Vasily Zeitsev (A Time to Kill, A Time to Heal)
Sarina Douglas (Typhon Pact - Zero Sum Game, Typhon Pact - Raise the Dawn, The Fall - A Ceremony of Losses)
Doar în jocuri video:
Franklin Drake: (Star Trek Online)

Apariții
Star Trek: Enterprise
 Aceste episoade au fost produse după ce Secțiunea 31 a apărut pentru prima dată în episoadele Deep Space Nine listate mai jos, dar prezintă evenimente anterioare acestora în cronologia Star Trek.

"Affliction"
"Divergence"
"Demons"
"Terra Prime"

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
"Inquisition"
"Inter Arma Enim Silent Leges"
"When It Rains..."
"Tacking into the Wind"
"Extreme Measures"

Filme Star Trek
Star Trek Into Darkness (menționată)

Romane Star Trek
The Good That Men Do (Enterprise) de Michael A. Martin și Andy Mangels (martie 2007)
Kobayashi Maru (Enterprise) de Michael A. Martin și  Andy Mangels (august 2008)
The Romulan War: Beneath the Raptor's Wing (Enterprise) de Michael A. Martin și Andy Mangels (octombrie 2009)
The Romulan War: To Brave the Storm (Enterprise) de Michael A. Martin și  Andy Mangels (octombrie 2011)
Rise of the Federation: A Choice of Futures (Enterprise) de Christopher L. Bennett (iunie 2013)
The Case of the Colonist's Corpse (The Original Series) de Bob Ingersoll and Tony Isabella (ianuarie 2004)
Section 31: Cloak (The Original Series) de S.D. Perry (iulie 2001)
Section 31: Rogue (The Next Generation) de Michael A. Martin și Andy Mangels (iunie 2001)
Section 31: Shadow (Voyager)  de  Dean Wesley Smith și Kristine Kathryn Rusch (iunie 2001)
Section 31: Abyss (Deep Space Nine) de David Weddle și Jeffrey Lang (iulie 2001)
Typhon Pact - Plagues of Night (The Next Generation/Deep Space Nine) de David R. George (iunie 2012)
Typhon Pact - Raise the Dawn (The Next Generation/Deep Space Nine) de David R. George (mai 2012)
The Fall - A Ceremony of Losses (Deep Space Nine) de David Mack (octombrie 2013)
Section 31: Disavowed (Deep Space Nine) de David Mack (noiembrie 2014)
Section 31: Control (Deep Space Nine) de David Mack (mai 2017)

Benzi desenate Star Trek
Star Trek: Year Four Enterprise Experiment (2008) numărul 5 publicat de IDW.
Star Trek - Mission's End (2009) cinci numere, miniserie publicată de IDW
Star Trek numerele 21-23, 25-28 (2013), poveste IDW ce are loc într-o realitate alternativă

Jocuri video Star Trek
Star Trek Online

Referințe și note

Legături externe

 Section 31 at The Star Trek Non-canon wiki

Organizații fictive
Star Trek

Secțiunea 31


Keilor East ist ein Stadtteil der australischen Metropole Melbourne. Er liegt etwa 16 km nordwestlich des Stadtzentrums. Er wird im Westen begrenzt durch den Maribyrnong River, im Norden durch den Calder Freeway, im Osten durch die Hoffmans Road und im Süden durch die Buckley Street, das Steele Creek und die Rosehill Road.

Einkaufsmöglichkeiten bieten das Milleara Shopping Centre, das Centreway Shopping Centre und der Dinah Parade shopping strip. Im Einkaufszentrum Centreway befand sich der erste Laden von JB Hi-Fi, heute Australiens größte Elektronikmarktkette.

Geschichte
Der Name des Stadtteils leitet sich von seiner Lage östlich des Stadtteils Keilor ab; dieser soll wiederum von einer Viehzucht oder einem Bach in Schottland abstammen. Das Postamt von Keilor East eröffnete 1947. Bis 1994 war der Stadtteil Teil der LGA City of Keilor. Heute gehört der östliche Teil zur City of Moonee Valley, der westliche zur City of Brimbank.

Einzelnachweise

Stadtteil von Melbourne
Brimbank City
Moonee Valley City

Keilor East


Marxen ist der Name folgender Orte:

 Marxen, Gemeinde im Landkreis Harburg
 Marxen am Berge, Ortsteil der Gemeinde Oldendorf (Luhe), Landkreis Lüneburg, Niedersachsen

Marxen ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Bentivolius Heinrich Marxen (1911–1995), deutscher Ordensgeistlicher und Widerstandskämpfer
 Erik Marxen (* 1990), dänischer Fußballspieler
 Herbert Marxen (1900–1954), deutscher Zeichner, Karikaturist und Maler
 Josef Marxen (1906–1946), deutscher katholischer Priester und Märtyrer in Albanien
 Klaus Marxen (* 1945), deutscher Jurist
 Willi Marxen, deutscher evangelischer Theologe und Hochschullehrer

Siehe auch:
 Marxsen

Marxen (Begriffsklärung)


An Habenaria laurentii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni De Wild.. An Habenaria laurentii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria laurentii


El jejenero orejudo (Conopophaga aurita), también denominado jejenero de faja castaña (en Perú), jejenero fajicastaño (en Ecuador), zumbador pechirrojo o pechirrufo (en Colombia) o toco toco de cinto castaño, es una especie de ave paseriforme, de la familia Conopophagidae perteneciente al género Conopophaga. Es nativa de la cuenca del Amazonas y del Escudo guayanés en América del Sur.

Distribución
Se distribuye en el escudo guayanés, en Guyana, Surinam, Guayana francesa y norte de Brasil y en la cuenca amazónica del sur de Colombia, noreste de Ecuador, este de Perú y Brasil hacia el este hasta el río Madeira.

Esta especie es considerada poco común en su hábitat natural: el sotobosque de selvas húmedas de baja altitud, hasta los 700 m.

Descripción
Es un ave pequeña, mide entre 11,5 y 12 cm de longitud. Es oscura con un pico relativamente grueso, de tono marrón su dorso y corona (la última a menudo teñida de rojizo), un cilio blanco y las piernas de color gris rosáceo. El macho tiene un color negro en la parte frontal, la cara y la garganta, el pecho es rojizo y el vientre beige o blanco. La hembra tiene la cara, garganta y pecho rojizo y el vientre beige o blanco. Los machos de las anteriormente consideradas subespecies snethlageae y pallida son distintivos, como el negro de la cara y la garganta se extiende en el centro del pecho, con rojizo en las partes inferiores limitándo al borde del pecho negro.

Sistemática

Descripción original
La especie C. aurita fue descrita por primera vez por el naturalista alemán Johann Friedrich Gmelin en 1789 bajo el nombre científico Turdus auritus; la localidad tipo es: «Cayena».

Etimología
El nombre genérico femenino «Conopophaga» se compone de las palabras del griego «κωνωψ kōnōps, κωνωπος kōnōpos» que significa 'jején', y «φαγος phagos» que significa 'comer'; y el nombre de la especie «aurita», proviene del latín «auritus» que significa 'con orejas', 'de largas orejas'.

Taxonomía
Los límites precisos del área de cada subespecie no son claros. Al sur del río Amazonas, se verifican variaciones marcantes en el plumaje y también en la vocalización: un cambio abrupto de ritmo y estructura de las notas (y, por lo tanto, de la calidad del sonido) a través del interfluvio entre los ríos Madeira y Tapajós. La subespecie C. aurita snethlageae (incluyendo pallida) fue considerada como especie separada de la presente: el jejenero de Snethlage (Conopophaga snethlageae) con base principalmente en esas diferencias vocales y morfológicas.

Hay alguna confusión dentro de la zona de australis, ya que algunos especímenes del río Purús (oeste de Brasil) tienen una apariencia semejante a snethlageae.

Subespecies
Según las clasificaciones del Congreso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC) y Clements Checklist, se reconocen cuatro subespecies, con su correspondiente distribución geográfica:

 Conopophaga aurita aurita (, 1789) – Guyana hacia el este hasta la Guayana francesa, y hacia el sur hasta el norte de Brasil (Manaus al este hasta Amapá).
 Conopophaga aurita inexpectata , 1931 – sureste de Colombia y noroeste de  Brasil, hacia el sur y este a lo largo de la margen occidental del río Negro.
 Conopophaga aurita occidentalis , 1917 – noreste de Ecuador y noreste de Perú (al este del río Napo).
 Conopophaga aurita australis , 1927 – sur del río Amazonas desde el noreste de Perú (al sur hasta Ucayali) hasta el oeste de Brasil (al este hasta el río Madeira, al  sur hasta el norte de Acre y norte de Rondônia); la población al este del Madeira en el noroeste de  Rondônia está provisoriamente colocada aquí.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Videos, fotos y sonidos de Conopophaga aurita en eBird.
 Sonidos y mapa de distribución de Conopophaga aurita en xeno-canto.
 Fotos y sonidos de chupa-dente-de-cinta Conopophaga aurita en Wikiaves.
 Galería de fotos de Chestnut-belted Gnateater Conopophaga aurita en VIREO.

aurita
Aves de América del Sur
Animales descritos en 1789
Taxones descritos por Johann Friedrich Gmelin

Conopophaga aurita


Fucha je rijeka u Kolumbiji, pritoka rijeke Bogote. Pripada porječju rijeke Magdalene.

Izvori

Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.

Vanjske poveznice

Rijeke u Kolumbiji
Pritoke Bogote

Fucha


{{Taksokutu
| renk = Lightgreen
| ad = Çift hörgüçlü deve
| statü = CR
| trend = down
| resim = Bactrian.camel.sideon.arp.jpg
| resim2 = Cri du chameau.wav
| alem = Animalia (Hayvanlar)
| şube = Chordata (Kordalılar)
| sınıf = Mammalia (Memeliler)
| takım = Artiodactyla (Çift toynaklılar)
| alttakım = Tylopoda (Topuktabanlılar)
| familya = Camelidae (Devegiller)
| cins = Camelus (Eski dünya develeri)
| tür = C. bactrianus
| ikili_ad = Camelus bactrianus
| ikili_ad_yazar = (Linnaeus, 1758)
| harita = Leefgebied_kameel.JPG
|dış_bağlantılar =
}}Çift hörgüçlü deve''' (Camelus bactrianus'') Orta Asya'nın çöllerine özgü iri bir çift toynaklıdır. Aynı zamanda dünyada kalan iki-üç deve türünden biridir. Yabani çift hörgüçlü deve de ayrı bir tür sayılmaktadır. Çift hörgüçlü deve daha uzun tüyleri ve iki hörgüçü ile hecin devesinden ayırt edilir.

Dünyada 1,4 milyon evcil çift hörgüçlü deve yaşamaktadır. Ancak doğada sadece 950 yabani çift hörgüçlü deve kalmıştır. Bunların hepsi Çin ve Moğolistan'da yaşamaktadır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
  ARKive çift hörgüçlü deve (Camelus bactrianus) fotografları

Deve
Avrasya megafaunası
Çin'deki memeliler
Hindistan'daki memeliler
Tacikistan faunası
Kazakistan'daki memeliler
Pakistan'daki memeliler
Moğolistan faunası
Çöl faunası
Baktriya
Çalışan hayvanlar
1758'de tanımlanan omurgalılar
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Çift hörgüçlü deve


Ida Noddack (), născută Tacke, a fost un chimist și fizician german. Este cea care conceptualizează în premieră – în 1934 – fenomenul numit ulterior fisiune nucleară. Alături de Walter Noddack (soțul ei) și Otto Berg, a descoperit elementul 75, reniul. A fost nominalizată de trei ori pentru Premiul Nobel pentru Chimie.

Note

Legături externe
 Annotated Bibliography for Ida Noddack from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues

Nașteri în 1896
Decese în 1978
Chimiști germani
Chimiști din secolul al XX-lea
Comandori ai Ordinului de Merit al Republicii Federale Germania
Descoperitori de elemente chimice
Fizicieni germani
Fizicieni din secolul al XX-lea
Oameni de știință germani din secolul al XX-lea

Ida Noddack


8555 Mirimao este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
8555 Mirimao este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la observatorul astronomic Santa Lucia din Stroncone. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,36 ua, o excentricitate de 0,07 și o înclinație de 6,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 8001-9000
 Centura de asteroizi

Note

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1995
Centura de asteroizi

8555 Mirimao


Acer sinopurpurascens er lauftré af ættkvísl hlyna (Acer) sem upprunnið frá suður Kína (Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi og Zhejiang).  Það getur orðið að 10 m hátt.

Tilvísanir

Hlynir

Acer sinopurpurascens


Daniele "Danny" Amadeo Tiatto (Werribee, Australia, 22 de mayo de 1973), es un futbolista australiano aunque de ascendencia italiana, se desempeña como lateral, centrocampista o volante, desempeñándose sobre todo en la banda izquierda. Actualmente juega en el St. Albans Saints australiano.

Clubes

Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Australia
Futbolistas nacionalizados en Italia
Futbolistas de la Unione Sportiva Salernitana 1919
Futbolistas del FC Baden
Futbolistas del Stoke City Football Club
Futbolistas del Manchester City Football Club
Futbolistas del Leicester City Football Club

Futbolistas del Brisbane Roar Football Club

Danny Tiatto


Tigerøje er et mineral med gul og brun farve i farvede bånd og med en tydelig fiberøs opbygning, der giver stenen en egen glans (chatoyering), hvor lyset spiller i fibrene og kan give lysstriber på overfladen. Fibrene er opstået da det oprindelige mineral blå asbest eller tilsvarende mineraler gradvist er blevet erstattet med kisel men har beholdt asbestens struktur. Striberne giver mindelser om et katteøje, men på grund af farven betegnes mineralet tigerøje. Et tilsvarende blågrønt mineral benævnes falkeøje.

Forekomst
Tigerøje findes i Sydafrika, Vestaustralien, Kina, Indien, Canada, Myanmar, Namibia, Ukraine og USA.

Anvendelse og overtro
Tigerøje anvendes især som smykkesten slebet i cabochon og som perler, men kan også skæres til figurer.

Stenen er blevet tilskrevet helbredende evner over for hovedpine, iskias og sygdomme i testiklerne.

Litteratur
 Ædelstene i farver. – København 1972 / Ove Dragsted. (Side 260)

Eksterne henvisninger

Smykkesten
Kvartsvarianter

Tigerøje


قناة العفاسي قناة دينية كويتية خاصة، أنشئها الشيخ القارئ مشاري راشد العفاسي. كان يتبع لها إذاعة العفاسي على الراديو، وهي تبث القرآن الكريم والأناشيد الدينية والمقاطع ذات العبر المصحوبة بالأحاديث والآيات وتم غلق القناة بشكلٍ نهائي بعد مرور 15 عاماً على إطلاقها.

قنوات تلفزيونية كويتية
قنوات فضائية إسلامية
محطات تلفزيونية باللغة العربية

قناة العفاسي


Niş (Sırpça: Ниш / Niš), Sırbistan'ın güneyinde yer alan bir şehirdir. Sırbistan'ın Belgrad ve Novi Sad'dan sonraki üçüncü büyük şehridir. Nişava İlçesi sınırları içindedir ve bu ilçenin merkezidir. Şehrin nüfusu 190 bin civarındadır (2011). Konum olarak ülkenin Bulgaristan sınırına yakın bir kesiminde yer alan Niş, Balkanlar'ın tarihî ve büyük şehirlerindendir.

Konum
Sırbistan içinde, uluslararası kara yolu güzergâhı üzerinde yer alır. Doğuda Bulgaristan'dan gelen kara yolu Niş'te kesişir ve güney veya kuzey yönünde buradan ayrılır.

Sırbistan'ın üçüncü büyük şehri olan Niş'te Büyük Konstantin Uluslararası Havaalanı ile Niş Üniversitesi bulunmaktadır. 13 fakülteden oluşan Niş Üniversitesinde yaklaşık 28.000 öğrencisi eğitim görmektedir. Niş aynı zamanda Sırbistan'ın önemli bir sanayi merkezidir.

Tarih

Niş, tarihi oldukça eskiye uzanan bir şehirdir. Burası, 5. yüzyıl ve civar yüzyıllarda Türk boylarının yayılım alanı içinde yer almıştır. MS 441 yılında Türk boylarından Hunlar tarafından kuşatma altına alınmıştır. Sonrasında yine 448 ve 480 yıllarında kuşatılmış ve bu kuşatmalarda şehir hasarlar almıştır. Doğu Roma imparatoru Justinian I sonraki dönemde şehirde bazı düzenlemeler yapmış ancak şehir bu kez başka bir Türk boyu Avarların saldırı ve yayılım alanında olmuştur.

Türk boylarının Doğu Roma ile mücadelesi dönemi sonrasında, 540 yılında bölgeye Slavlar gelmiştir. 987 yılında Niş, Bulgar imparatoru Simeon I tarafından ele geçirilmiştir. 11 yüzyılda Doğu Roma yönetimi Niş'te tekrar hüküm kurmuş, 1072'de ise şehir Macarlar (Ugri) saldırmıştır.

Birinci Haçlı Seferi döneminde 3 Temmuz 1096 tarihinde, Pierre L'Ermite komutasındaki ordu Doğu Roma ordusu ile çarpışmıştır. 1185 yılında şehir kısa süreli Sırp kontrolünde olmuş, 1196'da bu egemenlik bitmiş. Sırp egemenliğinin yeniden kurulması 1241 yılında yaşanmıştır.

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Dönemi
Balkanlar'da Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yayılışı ile 1385 yılında Orta Çağ Sırp devleti yıkılmıştır. Bu dönem birçok şehir ve yerleşim birimi gibi, Niş'in de Türklerin egemenliğine giriş tarihidir. 25 gün sürdüğü belirtilen kuşatma sonunda şehir, Osmanlı Türkleri tarafından ele geçirilmiştir.

1385 civarı sonrasında bölgede Osmanlı idaresine karşı bazı saldırılar yaşanmıştır. Bu süreç sonunda şehir 1448 yılında tekrar tam olarak Osmanlı egemenliğine geçmiştir. Bu dönem sonrasında şehir 19. yüzyıl sonuna kadar Osmanlı-Türk idaresi altında kalmıştır.

Osmanlı döneminde Niş, askerî ve sivil bir merkez olmuştur. Şehirde birçok açıdan büyük gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. 1737 yılında şehre Avusturya ordusu tarafından bir saldırı yapılmış ve şehirde kısa bir süre Osmanlı idaresi kalkmıştır. Osmanlı ordusunun karşı saldırısı ile şehir tekrar kontrol altına alınmış, Avusturya ordusu yenilmiştir.

Yakın Dönem

Niş Bombardımanı

NATO'nun 7 ve 12 Mayıs 1999'da Niş'te 36 misket bombası attığı bildiriliyor. 28 Haziran 2000'de (Vidovdan), Niş'te Hollanda ve ABD savaş uçaklarıyla düzenlenen saldırısında hayatını kaybeden 134 kişi anısına bir anıt inşa edilmiştir.

Turizm

Turistik Yerleri
 Crveni Krst Toplama Kampı – 2'inci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Alman gizli polisleri tarafından Sırpları, Yahudileri ve Romanları tutmak için kullanılmıştır.
 Niş Kalesi – Kale 18. yüzyılın ilk yıllarından (1719-23) Osmanlı döneminde Türkler tarafından inşa edilmiştir. Şehir merkezinde bulunmaktadır.
 Kral Milan Meydanı – Kral Milan Heykelinin bulunduğu meydandır. Niş'in en işlek meydanıdır.

Resimler

Kaynakça

Sırbistan'daki şehirler
Moesia
Antik arkeolojik sitler

Niş, Sırbistan


Manda aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

 Asya mandası, Boynuzlugiller familyasının sığırlar alt familyasına ait bir tür.
 Afrika mandası, Boynuzlugiller familyasının sığırlar alt familyasına ait bir tür.
 Manda, I. Dünya Savaşı sonrası Milletler Cemiyeti'nce kullanılmış bir yönetim sistemi.

Manda


Urf (znanje ili običaj), jedno od zakonskih vrela osmanske države. Predstavlja je izvor rješenja koje se primjenjivalo ondje gdje nije bilo izričite primjene Kurana i sune.

Izvori

Povijest prava
Osmansko Carstvo

Urf


Mancınık veya katapult, bir mermiyi uzağa fırlatmak için kullanılan basit bir savaş aleti. Özellikle İlk ve Orta Çağlarda temel kuşatma aracı olarak kullanılmıştır.

Mancınığın çeşitleri vardır; Trebüşe, Mangonel, Katapult ve Balista gibi. Mangasına taş, katı demir, katı kurşun, yanan ot, sıcak zift veya lav konulabilir. Ayrıca Rum ateşi de mancınıkla atılmaktaydı. Suda bile sönmeyen Grek ateşi Bizanslılar tarafından İstanbul'un Fethi'nde de kullanılmıştır. Bizanslılar mancınıklarıyla Grek ateşi atarak Osmanlılara büyük zarar vermişlerdir.

Bir diğer versiyonu mangoneldir; bu silah, merkezinden bir mille hareket eden uzun bir koldan meydana gelmekteydi. Kolun bir ucunda taş atmaya yarayan bir sapan vardı. Öteki ucu ise, çekme halatlarına bağlanıyordu. Atış sırasında birkaç kişi halatları hızla çekip  kolu kaldırıyorlardı ve öteki uçtaki taşı atıyorlardı.

Tarihçe
Mancınık, İlk Çağ'da Çin'de 4. yüzyılda ortaya çıkmıştır.
Başlangıçta ok atmakta kullanılan büyük sehpalı yay (kundaklı yay) anlamına gelen mancınık; yıllar içinde kargı, mızrak ve taş atmakta kullanılan makine anlamını taşımaya başladı. Mancınığı ilk kullanan Yunanlardır.

Mancınığın yayı, önceleri boynuzdan yapılırdı. Ancak kısa bir süre sonra bunun elde kullanılan küçük mancınıklar için yeterli olmasına karşılık, ağır mızrak ve taşları atacak güçte olmadığı anlaşıldı. Yeni silahta, boynuzdan yapılan yayın yerine, iki sağlam ağaç kol takıldı ve yay teli, bu kolların uçlarına bağlandı. Kolların öteki uçları, bükümlerin arasına sokulan bu düzenek; bir ağaç çerçeve içine takılarak ya çerçeveye sokulan çubuklarla ya da mandallı bir çarkla sıkılırdı.

Ayrıca bakınız
 İkibeş, Samet (2023). Selçuklularda Sur Yapısı ve Mancınık . Takvim-i Vekayi , 11 (1) , 5-26 . https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/takvim/issue/78360/1265020

Dipnotlar

Kuşatma makineleri
Antik silahlar

Mancınık


Pamisos () ist in der griechischen Mythologie der Gott des Flusses Pamisos in Messenien.

Pamisos ist literarisch nur bei Pausanias bezeugt, der davon berichtet, dass die messenischen Könige ihm ein jährliches Opfer darzubringen hatten. Als Kultstifter gilt der messenische König Sybotas. Zudem wurden gemäß Pausanias kleine Kinder an den Quellen des Pamisos geheilt.

Sein Heiligtum an der Quelle des Flusses in Agios Floros wurde in den 1930er Jahren vom schwedischen Archäologe Natan Valmin ausgegraben. Hier gefundene Weiheinschriften bezeugen, dass Pamisos kultisch verehrt wurde, eines der Weihereliefs aus dem 2. Jahrhundert v. Chr. stellt ihn als stiergestaltig dar.

Literatur

Anmerkungen

Griechischer Flussgott
Männliche Gottheit

Pamisos (Mythologie)


«Absolutamente» es el último sencillo del álbum homónimo y también es el primer y único sencillo del set box Completamente de Fangoria.

El sencillo fue publicado el 13 de noviembre de 2009, y posteriormente la misma canción fue grabada con la colaboración de Sara Montiel en lo que fue su último trabajo musical.

Video musical
Dado que existen dos interpretaciones de la canción (la primera de Fangoria y otra de Fangoria con Sara Montiel) también se grabaron dos vídeos musicales. El primero se rodó de manera muy sencilla en las escaleras de un local nocturno, mientras que el segundo es más sofisticado y narrativo.

En él, Alaska y Sara Montiel acuden enlutadas al velatorio de Nacho Canut, como si fuesen dos novias o viudas del mismo hombre. El vídeo alterna planos de ellas enfrentadas con otros donde bailan vestidas de manera más vistosa, flanqueadas por dos hombres musculados que hacen poses de fisicoculturismo. Como detalle singular, hay que destacar que estos figurantes están totalmente desnudos ya que el tanga negro que parecen vestir no es tal, y realmente está pintado sobre su cuerpo. Por lo tanto, sería el primer caso de desnudo integral que se conoce en un video musical de difusión masiva.

Incluido en
A continuación se muestran los álbumes y formatos oficiales en los que "Absolutamente" ha sido incluida.

 2009, CD Absolutamente - (Warner Music)
 2009, LP Absolutamente - (Warner Music)
 2009, CD/DVD Completamente (CD 1, versión álbum; CD2, "Absolutamente Saritísima"; DVD, Videoclip y Versión grabada en directo en el FIB 2009) - (DRO)
 2010, CD El paso trascendental del vodevil a la astracanada (CD 2, Vodevil) - (Warner Bros. Records)
 2010, CD/DVD El paso trascendental del vodevil a la astracanada, Edición de Lujo 3 CD y DVD (CD 2, Vodevil; DVD, Videoclip) - (Warner Bros. Records)
 2011, CD/DVD Operación Vodevil (Versión grabada en directo) - (Warner Bros. Records)

Versiones oficiales
A continuación se enlistan las versiones oficiales de la canción:

 Álbum Versión - (4:45)
 Absolutamente Saritísima - (4:45)
 Versión editada de El paso trascendental del vodevil a la astracanada - (4:05)
 Versión grabada en directo para "Televisivamente", DVD de Completamente - (6:10)
 Versión grabada en directo para Operación Vodevil - (4:10)

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial Fangoria
 Letra de la canción

Sencillos de Fangoria
Sencillos de 2009
Sencillos de pop
Canciones de España de 2009

Absolutamente (canción)


DALIT, tvornica strojeva i ljevaonica željeza u Daruvaru. Preteča joj je strojobravarska radionica koju je 1890. osnovao Franjo Effenberger, strojobravar i ljevač iz Liberca u Češkoj. U Dalitu za godinu osnivanja uzimaju 1905. godinu. Kupio je zgradu bivše pilane i paromlina te strojeve i opremu. te je 1907. počela s radom tvornica koja je popravljala kotlove, cilindre i mlinske valjke, prepravljala benzinske motore, te proizvodila male poljoprivredne strojeve – sječkalice, runilice za kukuruz, preše za grožđe. Kasnije tvornicu od oca preuzima sin. 1912. godine postala je Tvornica strojeva i ljevaonica željeza i bakra. Vremenom je upala u novčarske poteškoće te je 1938. prešla je u vlasništvo Građanske dioničke štedionice u većinskom vlasništvu obitelji Gross i promijenila naziv u Dalit. Nigdje se ne spominje koje točno godine tvornica dobiva ime "Dalit", no očito je to kratica od Da(ruvarska) l(jevaonica) i t(vornica). Tad su proizvodni program činili strojevi za mlinove, kamenolome, ciglane, pilane, uljare i inu industriju. Imala je oko 150 radnika. Štedionica je uložila u nove strojeve pa tvornica širi proizvodnju na poljske kuhinje za vojsku i generatore. Uspostavom NDH oduzeta je vlasnicima i nacionalizirana. Nije denacionalizirana nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata. Od godine 1946. proizvode odljevke, strojeve i opremu za opekarsku industriju. Nova industrijska ljevaonica podignuta je 1949. godine, a 1956. i tvornica strojeva. Početkom pedesetih pogon je preselio u nove hale. 1970. je dovršena nova zgrada konstrukcijskog ureda. U 1974. godini u Dalitu je radio 771 radnik. 1975. je bila u tijeku modernizacija. No, 1970-ih je proizvodnja bila otežana zbog nedostatka sredstava i sirovina. Ipak, bila je tad vodeći proizvođač ciglarskih strojeva u Jugoslaviji – preko 300 ciglana ima što cijelu opremu što dio iz Daruvara. Uz osnovni proizvodni program tu su bili tunelski pasterizatori za pivo, sokove, voće i povrće te odljevci za strojogradnju, motornu i industriju hidrauličkih uređaja. Program tehnološke obnove sproveden je početkom 1980. godine. Tom su prigodom četiri nove tvornice: alatnica s modelarijom, ljevaonica, tvornica metalnih konstrukcija i tvornica namjenskih komponenta i alata.
Na vrhuncu je navodno sredinom 1980-ih imala 1800 zaposlenih, bila je najveća tvornica u kraju i više od 4 tisuće ljudi u bivšoj općini Daruvar na ovaj ili onaj način živjelo od Dalita. Rat, pretvorbu i privatizaciju 1990-ih dočekalo je više od 1700 radnika. Proizvodni program tad je bila proizvodnja strojeva i opreme za građevinsku i prehrambenu industriju te odljevci za automobilsku i vojnu industriju. Dio proizvoda su izvozili, a izvozna tržišta bila su zemlje istočne Europe, Afrike, Južne Amerike i Azije. Dalit je u najboljim danima nosili cijeli kraj, a njegovi stručnjaci odlazili su montirati strojeve u daleke krajeve svijeta. Bio je cijeli sustav života. Imali su vlastitu kuglanu, nogometni klub, vatrogasno društvo, ambulantu, novine, stambenu zadrugu. Godine 1993. Dalit je postao Dalit Corp d. d. u sastavu kojega je bilo devet društava kćeri s 350 zaposlenih. Problemi u poslovanju su pogodili su većinu njih te su zatvorena a ostao je poslovati još samo Dalit-biro d.o.o. za proizvodnju i trgovinu, a nad Dalit Corp d. d. i Dalit-CT d.o.o. otvoren je stečajni postupak.
Godine 2003. MPD tvornica pumpi d.d. postala je član grupe Dalit corp d.d.

Dalit se je prostirao na 15 hektara zemljišta i hala. Zbog propadanja tvrdaka kćeri, hale su ostale prazne. Četvrt je zarasla u šikaru, zgrade oronule, prostori polupani. Kupnjom poslovnih prostora Dalita svibnja 2019., područje je opet u funkciji, a a poslovna zona Dalit opet je mjesto razvoja i zapošljavanja.

Izvori

Daruvar
Hrvatske tvrtke
Strojarstvo

DALIT


Der Ungefleckte Große Sandaal (Hyperoplus immaculatus) ist ein langgestreckter Meeresfisch, der im nordöstlichen Atlantik an den Küsten der Britischen Inseln, im Ärmelkanal bis zur Nordküste der Bretagne vorkommt.

Merkmale
Der Ungefleckte Große Sandaal wird maximal 35 cm lang, bleibt für gewöhnlich aber bei einer Länge von 20 cm. Die Geschlechtsreife tritt mit einer Länge von 11 bis 15 cm ein. Das Hauptmerkmal, das ihn vom Gefleckten Großen Sandaal (Hyperoplus lanceolatus), der einzigen weiteren Art der Gattung Hyperoplus, unterscheidet, ist das Fehlen eines dunklen Flecks auf jeder Schnauzenseite. Im Unterschied zum Kleinen Sandaal (Ammodytes marinus) und zum Tobiasfisch (Ammodytes tobianus) sind bei den beiden Hyperoplus-Arten die Oberkiefer nicht protraktil (nicht ausstülpbar). Am Gaumen tragen sie zwei spitze Zähne. Die lange Rückenflosse erstreckt sich über einen großen Teil der Körperlänge, die Afterflosse beginnt hinter der Mitte. Die Schwanzflosse ist gegabelt. Angelegt reichen die Brustflossen bis zum Beginn der Rückenflosse.

Lebensweise
Der Ungefleckte Große Sandaal lebt küstennah im Meer und im Brackwasser in der Gezeitenzone und in Flussmündungen. Er kommt normalerweise mit Ammodytes-Arten vergesellschaftet vor, verbringt den Tag vergraben im Sand und geht in der Dämmerung und in der Nacht in großen Schwärmen auf Nahrungssuche um Zooplankton und kleine Fische, wie junge Heringe und kleinere Sandaale zu fangen. Ungefleckte Große Sandaale laichen im Unterschied zum Gefleckten Großen Sandaal im Winter.

Nutzung
Wie andere Sandaale ist der Ungefleckte Große Sandaal ein wichtiger Fangfisch der Industriefischerei und wird zu Fischmehl und Fischöl verarbeitet. Seltener wird sein Fleisch auch direkt konsumiert.

Literatur
 Bent J. Muus, Jørgen G. Nielsen: Die Meeresfische Europas in Nordsee, Ostsee und Atlantik. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07804-3.

Weblinks

Himmelsguckerartige

Ungefleckter Großer Sandaal


Mitchell Stephens (né le  à Peterborough dans la province de l'Ontario au Canada) est un joueur professionnel canadien de hockey sur glace. Il évolue au poste de centre.

Personnel
Il est le cousin d'Owen Tippett, attaquant des Flyers de Philadelphie.

Biographie

Statistiques
Pour les significations des abréviations, voir statistiques du hockey sur glace.

En club

|-
| 2013-2014 || Spirit de Saginaw || LHO ||57 ||9 ||12 ||21 ||8 ||5 ||0 ||2 ||2 ||2
|-
| 2014-2015 || Spirit de Saginaw || LHO ||62 ||22 ||26 ||48 ||44 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0
|-
| 2015-2016 || Spirit de Saginaw || LHO ||39 ||20 ||18 ||38 ||14 ||4 ||2 ||1 ||3 ||0
|-
| 2015-2016 || Crunch de Syracuse || LAH ||5 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2016-2017 || Spirit de Saginaw || LHO ||22 ||11 ||17 ||28 ||14 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2016-2017 || Knights de London || LHO ||29 ||11 ||14 ||25 ||12 ||14 ||7 ||3 ||10 ||2
|-
| 2016-2017 || Crunch de Syracuse || LAH ||- ||- ||- ||- ||- ||3 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0
|-
| 2017-2018 || Crunch de Syracuse || LAH ||70 ||19 ||22 ||41 ||24 ||7 ||1 ||5 ||6 ||4
|-
| 2018-2019 || Crunch de Syracuse || LAH ||32 ||11 ||13 ||24 ||6 ||4 ||0 ||1 ||1 ||2
|-
| 2019-2020 || Crunch de Syracuse || LAH ||24 ||5 ||5 ||10 ||15 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2019-2020 || Lightning de Tampa Bay || LNH ||38 ||3 ||3 ||6 ||10 ||7 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||2
|-
| 2020-2021 || Crunch de Syracuse || LAH ||4 ||1 ||7 ||8 ||0 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2020-2021 || Lightning de Tampa Bay || LNH ||7 ||0 ||1 ||1 ||0 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2021-2022 || Red Wings de Détroit || LNH ||27 ||0 ||6 || 6|| 8||- ||- ||- ||- ||-
|-
| 2022-2023 || Rocket de Laval || LAH ||68 ||20 ||21 ||41 ||49 ||- ||- ||- ||- ||-

| 72 || 3 || 10 || 13 || 18 || 7 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 2

Au niveau international

| 2014 || align=left| Canada U17 || align="left"| Défi mondial -17 ans ||5 ||0 ||2 ||2 ||6 || align="left"| place
|-
| 2014 || align=left| Canada U18 || align="left"| Ivan Hlinka -18 ans ||5 ||4 ||2 ||6 ||2 || align="left"| Médaille d'or
|-
| 2015 ||align=left| Canada U18 || align="left"| Championnat du monde -18 ans ||7 ||5 ||5 ||10 ||10 || align="left"| Médaille de bronze
|-
| 2016 ||align=left| Canada U20 || align=left| Championnat du monde junior ||5 ||1 ||1 ||2 ||2 || align=left| place
|-
| 2017 ||align=left| Canada U20 || align=left| Championnat du monde junior ||5 ||2 ||3 ||5 ||0 || align=left| Médaille d'argent

Références

Naissance en février 1997
Naissance à Peterborough (Ontario)
Joueur canadien de hockey sur glace
Attaquant de hockey sur glace
Choix de repêchage du Lightning de Tampa Bay
Joueur du Spirit de Saginaw
Joueur des Knights de London
Joueur du Crunch de Syracuse
Joueur du Lightning de Tampa Bay
Champion de la Coupe Stanley
Joueur des Red Wings de Détroit
Joueur du Rocket de Laval

Mitchell Stephens


U geometriji, skup  je zvjezdast ako postoji točka  takva da je za svaku točku  ravni segment  sadržan u .

U ovom smislu, zvjezdast skup je proširenje definicije konveksnog skupa, tj. svaki konveksan skup je ujedno i zvjezdast, dok obrat ne vrijedi.

Izvori

Geometrija
Teorija skupova

Zvjezdast skup


Boa Esperança do Sul es un municipio brasileño del estado de São Paulo. Se localiza a una latitud 21º59'33" sur y a una longitud 48º23'27" oeste, estando a una altitud de 490 metros. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 13.578 habitantes.

Posee un área de 691,017 km².

Geografía

Demografía
Datos del Censo - 2000

Población Total: 12.573
 Urbana: 10.753
 Rural: 1.820
 Hombres: 6.391
 Mujeres: 6.182
Densidad demográfica (hab./km²): 18,81

Mortalidad infantil hasta 1 año (por mil): 17,78

Expectativa de vida (años): 70,23

Tasa de fertilidad (hijos por mujer): 2,79

Tasa de Alfabetización: 85,65%

Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH-M): 0,755
 IDH-M Salario: 0,688
 IDH-M Longevidad: 0,754
 IDH-M Educación: 0,822
(Fuente: IPEADATA)

Hidrografía
 Río Boa Esperança
 Río Jacaré Pepira
 Río Jacaré-Guaçu

Carreteras
 SP-255

Administración
 Prefecto: Jaime Fortino Benassi (2009/2012)
 Vice-prefeita: Jane Verdoline Bombarda
 Presidente de la cámara: Abel Gomes Roque (2011/2012)

Iglesia Católica
El municipio pertenece a la Diócesis de São Carlos.(http://www.diocesesaocarlos.org.br/v2/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=14&Itemid=64 )

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de São Paulo

Boa Esperança do Sul


Cezayir (;  al-Jazā'ir, Cezayir Arapçası ve Berberice: Dzayer دزاير; , ), Cezayir'in başkenti ve en büyük şehridir.

Aynı zamanda Cezayir Vilayeti'nin başkentidir. Cezayir, Afrika'nın en büyük şehirlerinden biridir. Nüfus içinde Avrupalı sayısı oldukça fazladır. Cezayir'in en büyük limanı da bu şehirdedir. Şehrin kuzeyde Akdeniz'e kıyısı vardır.

Tarih
Şehri Fenikeliler kurmuştur. Adı Ikosim'di. Şehir 1500'lü yılların başında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na bağlanmıştır. Yönetimi Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa'ya verilmiştir. 1830 yılında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu şehirden çekilirken burada tam 176 cami vardı. 1862 yılında ise 48 cami kaldı. Bu da Fransızların burada yaptığı tahribata bir örnektir.

Ulaşım

Kardeş Şehirler
  Amsterdam Hollanda
  Barselona İspanya
  Pekin Çin
  Berlin Almanya
  Bordeaux Fransa
  Cenevre İsviçre
  Dakar Senegal
  Dubai Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri
  Gaziantep Türkiye
  Kahire Mısır
  Kazablanka Fas
  Londra İngiltere
  Montreal Kanada
  Moskova Rusya
  Paris Fransa
  Roma İtalya
  Santiago Şili
  Sao Paulo Brezilya
  Sivas Türkiye
  Sofya Bulgaristan
  Şanghay Çin
  Trablus Libya
  Trabzon Türkiye
  Tunus Tunus
  Washington Amerika Birleşik Devletleri

Kaynakça
 Yeni Hayat Ansiklopedisi
 Ch. André Julien: Histoire de l'Afrique du nord

Afrika'daki başkentler
Cezayir'deki vilayetlerin başkentleri
Cezayir'deki şehirler
Cezayir Vilayeti
Akdeniz'e kıyısı olan yerleşim birimleri
Kıyı şehirleri
Berberi savaşları
Eski İspanyol koloniler
Cezayir'deki liman kentleri
940'larda kurulan yerleşim birimleri

Cezayir (şehir)


Islip ( ) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) that lies within the town of the same name in Suffolk County, New York. Located on the south shore of Long Island, the CDP had a population of 18,869 at the time of the 2010 census, a decline of 8% from the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP of Islip has a total area of .  is land and , or 2.43%, is water.

Islip is situated on Long Island's South Shore, on the north side of Great South Bay, across from Fire Island.

The Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge is located at its southeastern corner.

Demographics

Demographics of the CDP
As of the census of 2000, there were 20,575 people, 6,868 households and 5,302 families residing in Islip CDP. The population density was . There were 7,026 housing units, at an average density of . The racial makeup of Islip was 87.67% White, 10.67% Hispanic, 4.90% Black or African-American, 0.10% Native American, 2.07% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 3.02% from other races, and 2.22% from two or more races.

There were 6,868 households, out of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.8% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.38.

The population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household was $67,657, and the median income for a family was $74,361. Males had a median income of $51,424 versus $35,600 for females. The per capita income was $27,383. About 2.6% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

History
William Nicoll, a son of New York City Mayor Matthias Nicoll, became a patentee in the 1680s of the east end of what is now the Town of Islip. He accumulated over  and named his estate Islip, after the Nicolls' ancestral home in East Northamptonshire, England. His domain included what are now the hamlets of Islip, East Islip, Bayport, Sayville, West Sayville, Oakdale, Great River, Islip Terrace, Central Islip, Hauppauge, Holbrook, Bohemia, Brentwood, Holtsville, and a portion of Ronkonkoma. This land was purchased from Winnequaheagh, Sachem of Connetquot in 1683. The annual fee paid to Governor Thomas Dongan of New York was five bushels of good winter wheat or 25 shillings.

The name "Islip" was chosen by local residents for their local post office when it opened in 1802. Islip was originally a farming community, gradually transforming into a posh enclave for wealthy families in the 19th and 20th centuries. Many of the Colonial Revival, Greek Revival, Romanesque Revival, Federal, Moorish and Victorian mansions that once lined the streets of Islip have been razed, though some remain, adjacent to many newer, large homes. Islip has a wealth of extant Queen Anne Revival homes. Located along the picturesque Great South Bay, Islip has a long history associated with fishing, clamming (the world-famous Doxsee Clam Company started in Islip), swimming and boating. Islip Hamlet has its own public bathing beach, under the jurisdiction of the town. Boating and yachting are as popular today as they were years ago, if not more so, with the development of the communities on the adjacent barrier beach of Fire Island.

Main Street
Islip Hamlet is known widely for its quaint shopping district along Main Street (NY 27A). There are gift shops, hairdressers, boutiques, restaurants, pubs, natural food stores and many other types of establishments.

Annual events include the Main Street Festival in the spring, Memorial Day Parade, a Sidewalk Sale, Trick or Treat on Main Street on Halloween, a Holiday House Tour, a Victorian High Tea, the Town Hall Christmas Tree Lighting and the Santa Comes to Town Parade.

Media
Islip is the city of license for radio station, WBWD. The Islip Bulletin newspaper carries community-based articles.

Notable people
 Tobias Harris, professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association
 Henry O. Havemeyer, sugar industrialist
 Peter Lemongello, pop singer
 Alan Mayer, retired professional soccer goalkeeper
 Mike Mondo, professional wrestler
 William H. Russell, businessman, co-founder of the secret Skull and Bones society at Yale University
 Larry Saperstein, actor
 Tom Veryzer, former Major League Baseball shortstop who played from 1973 to 1984 with four different teams
 ZillaKami, rapper

Bayberry Point
Bayberry Point lies adjacent to the Great South Bay. It is made up of three streets, separated by canals. Bayberry is Islip's most affluent area and home to some of its most expensive real estate.

Bayberry Point was originally an experimental living cooperative financed by Horace Havemeyer, a son of sugar-refining magnate Henry O. Havemeyer, and designed by Grovsner Atterbury. It was "an experiment in co-operative living among the very rich." Building began at the end of the 19th century and was completed in 1916, with Havemeyer constructing several Moorish mansions along the banks of the canals, overlooking the bay. Many of these homes still exist today, though most have been extensively renovated.

Emergency services

Emergency Medical Services
Parts of Islip are provided emergency medical coverage by both Exchange Ambulance of the Islips Volunteer Ambulance Corporation and Islip Volunteer Fire Department's Rescue Company ambulances. The ambulance base is located at 190 Carleton Avenue in East Islip. The main firehouse headquarters is located at 28 Monell Avenue. A firehouse sub-station is located on Commack Road. Additional areas of Islip are covered by both the Islip Terrace Volunteer Fire Department, located on Beaver Dam Road, and Exchange Ambulance of the Islips Volunteer Ambulance Corporation.

Fire protection
Parts of Islip are protected by the Islip Volunteer Fire Department. The main firehouse headquarters is located at 28 Monell Avenue. A firehouse sub-station is located on Commack Road. Additional areas of Islip are covered by the Islip Terrace Volunteer Fire Department located on Beaver Dam Road.

Law enforcement
Law enforcement is provided by the Suffolk County Police Department, as well as the Town of Islip Department of Public Safety.

Hospitals
Islip is located approximately one mile from Northwell Health Southside Hospital in neighboring Bay Shore, and approximately  from Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center in West Islip.

Postal services
The Islip Post Office is located at 309 Main Street, with a ZIP code of 11751. Islip is the mailing address for most residents of the hamlet, as well as for some residents of adjoining communities. The Islip Post Office opened under that name on September 7, 1802, but was closed just four months later. It reopened July 1, 1808, and has been in continuous operation under that name since then.

Education

Schools
The Islip School District consists of five schools.
 Wing Elementary School (K–1)
 Sherwood Elementary School (2–5)
 Commack Road Elementary School (2–5)
 Islip Middle School (6–8)
 Islip High School (9–12)

The school district's mascot is the Buccaneer. The school district includes some territory within the adjacent areas of Bay Shore and Central Islip.

Library
Islip is served by the Islip Public Library, located at 71 Monell Avenue.

Transportation

Roads
Major roads within the hamlet of Islip are:
 NY Route 27, also known as Sunrise Highway (Exit 45S)
 NY Route 27A, also known as Main Street or Montauk Highway
 Southern State Parkway (Exit 43S)
 NY Route 111 (Islip Avenue), southern terminus at NY 27A in Islip
 Suffolk County Road 50, also known as Union Boulevard, runs parallel to NY 27 and 27A

Airport
Islip hamlet is approximately  from Long Island MacArthur Airport in Ronkonkoma.

Train
Since 1868, Islip has been served by railroads, originally by the South Side Railroad of Long Island, and then by the Long Island Rail Road, which acquired the SSRLI in 1876. Islip Station is on the Montauk Branch of the railroad.

Ferries
Islip is approximately two miles from the Fire Island Ferries, which is located in the neighboring hamlet of Bay Shore.

Buses
There are many bus stops in Islip on different lines. Buses are operated and maintained by the local Suffolk Transportation Service, Inc.

Places of worship
Islip hamlet has several places of worship within its borders, including:
St. Mark's Episcopal Church
United Methodist Church of Islip
The Presbyterian Church of Islip
Trinity Lutheran Church
New Bethany Baptist Church

See also
Central Islip, New York
East Islip, New York
Islip (town), New York
Bay Shore, New York

References

External links
 Islip Public Library
 Historic Photos from the Collection of the Islip Public Library

Islip (town), New York
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Census-designated places in Suffolk County, New York
Hamlets in Suffolk County, New York
Populated coastal places in New York (state)

Islip (hamlet), New York