Athenaeum Kiadó este una dintre cele mai mari edituri din Ungaria. Începând din 1841 până în 1948 a publicat operele literare ale celor mai importanți scriitori și poeți ai epocii, jucând astfel un rol decisiv în literatura maghiară. Între anii 1948 și 1998 a funcționat exclusiv ca tipografie, dar din 1998 a început din nou să publice cărți.

Istoric

Afacerea lui Gusztáv Emich
Athenaeum Könyvkiadó a fost înființată dintr-o librărie deschisă de Gustav Emich la Pesta la 1 decembrie 1841. La fel ca majoritatea librăriilor din epocă, a funcționat și ca bibliotecă și a făcut, de asemenea, comerț cu obiecte de artă. Spre deosebire de concurenții săi, Emich a intrat în editarea de carte (care era realizată în acea perioadă exclusiv de tipografii) și la un an după deschiderea afacerii a început să-și publice propriile cărți. Numărul publicațiilor lor a crescut constant, iar, de exemplu, în perioada Revoluției Maghiare a publicat 32 de lucrări. În 1850 editura și-a cumpărat propria tipografie, astfel încât Emich a devenit prima persoană din Ungaria care se ocupa cu tipărirea, publicarea și vânzarea de cărți.

În perioada cât afacerea a fost condusă de Emich au fost publicate numeroase opere literare majore din Anii reformei, printre care, Tragedia omului a lui Madách, romanul  A falu jegyzője (1845) al lui József Eötvös, 44 de romane ale lui Jókai, ca și operele literare ale lui Zsigmond Kemény și János Vajda. În afară de publicarea de cărți, a publicat și 25 de ziare printre care Pesti Napló, revista Academiei Maghiare de Științe, A Hon, Fővárosi Lapok și Bolond Miska.

Athenaeum Irodalmi és Nyomdai Rt.

La inițiativa lui Gusztáv Emich, pe 28 iunie 1868, editura a devenit o societate comercială pe acțiuni, care a preluat denumirea de "Athenaeum Irodalmi és Nyomdai Részvénytársulat". Primul său director a fost Károly Osterlamm, iar printre ceilalți membri ai consiliului de administrație au fost Gusztáv Emich, Zsigmond Kemény și Mór Jókai.

La începutul secolului al XX-lea, Athenaeum a continuat să funcționeze ca o societate pe acțiuni, iar Miklós Andor a fost președinte și persoană cu putere de decisie începând din 1917. În consiliul de administrație făceau parte scriitori renumiși precum Zsigmond Móricz, Ferenc Molnár, Lajos Zilahy și Jenő Heltai, dar numai Andor a avut putere de decizie în afacerea editurii. Miklós Andor a tratat editura în primul rând ca un om de afaceri și nu înțelegea literatura. Zsigmond Móricz a scris despre el: "Miklós Andor a cumpărat Athenaeum așa cum a cumpărat fabrica de hârtie Riegler și fabrica de țigări Modiano. El nu a citit o singură carte. Nu are nici o idee cine a fost János Arany, dacă uneori vorbești despre un scriitor mintea omului nu mai funcționează." În ciuda acestui fapt și în special datorită apelării la consilieri literari de nivel ridicat, Athenaeum a rămas o editură cu o abordare liberală, care a publicat cele mai bune opere ale literaturii maghiare contemporane. Un rol important în funcționarea editurii l-a avut poetul György Sárközi, autor al mai multor inițiative de succes.

Editorul a avut o relație strânsă cu scriitorii revistei Nyugat: aproape fiecare membru al primei generații a fost publicat de Athenaeum, care a devenit editura permanentă al celor mai importanți autori. Unii scriitori ca Zsigmond Móricz, Mihály Babits, Frigyes Karinthy au semnat contracte pe viață; editura a publicat mai multe romane ale lui Gyula Krúdy și unele cărți ale lui Dezső Kosztolányi, Árpád Tóth, Lőrinc Szabó, Milán Füst și Géza Csáth. Ea a avut un succes deosebit în afaceri în calitate de moștenitoare a lui Endre Ady și a publicat toate operele sale. Între cele două războaie mondiale, Ady a devenit un scriitor la modă încât unele dintre volumele sale au fost vândute în 15-20.000 de exemplare.

Cele mai importante cărți publicate de editură

Opere literare de ficțiune
 Imre Madách: Tragedia omului (prima ediție, 1862.)
 József Eötvös: A falu jegyzője; A karthauzi
 Sándor Petőfi: A szerelem gyöngyei; Összes költemények
 romanele lui Mór Jókai
 scrierile lui Zsigmond Móricz
 scrierile lui Mihály Babits
 scrierile lui Endre Ady
 scrierile lui Frigyes Karinthy
 Dezső Kosztolányi: pl. A szegény kisgyermek panaszai; Meztelenül; A pacsirta
 Árpád Tóth: pl. Lélektől lélekig
 Lőrinc Szabó: pl. Kalibán; Különbéke
 romanele lui Gyula Krúdy

Lucrări științifice
 Mihály Táncsics: Általános világtörténet az ifjúság számára (1843.)
 Mihály Horváth: Magyarország történelme
 Gergely Czuczor - János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (1862-1867.)
 Ferenc Toldy: A magyar nemzeti irodalom története (1851.)
 Cirill Horváth: A régi magyar irodalom története (1899.)
 Sándor Endrődi: Századunk magyar irodalma képekben
 Darwin: Az ember származása; Originea speciilor

Traduceri
În prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea editura a depus multe eforturi pentru a publica traduceri sofisticate în limba maghiară a poeților și prozatorilor clasici. Ea a tradus și publicat, printre altele, operele lui Thomas Mann, Ibsen, Cehov, Oscar Wilde și Tolstoi.

Note

Bibliografie
 Kiss István: Az Athenaeum Könyvkiadó története és szerepe a magyar irodalomban. Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980.
 Bánáti Ágnes - Sándor Dénes: A százesztendős Athenaeum. 1868-1968. Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1968.
 Torzsai Tamás - Zala Imre: Könyv A-Z. A könyvkereskedelem kislexikona. Budapest, Tankönyvkiadó, 1973.

Lectură suplimentară
 Pest-Buda nyomdái 1723-1895. Nyomdászattörténeti töredékek. Szerk. Gécs Béla = Magyar Grafika 2004/3 p. 85-95.
 Tolnai - Athenaeum - Révai - Pallas, Magyar márkák története, HVG, 2005 március 29.
 Athenaeum Kiadó a lira.hu-n

Edituri din Ungaria

Athenaeum Irodalmi és Nyomdai Rt.


سُجد هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء جزين في محافظة الجنوب.
وتطل بلدة سجد على اقليم التفاح وتقع على مرتفع فوق بلدة جرجوع

وصلات خارجية
لمزيد من الإطلاع على أحوال هذه البلدة اللبنانية مراجعة موقعها الرسمي.

الموقع الرسمي للبلدة

المراجع

قرى جبل عامل
مدن لبنان

سجد (جزين)


Clayton Guida (født 8. december 1981 i Round Lake i Illinois i USA) er en amerikansk MMA-udøver af italiensk ophav. Han er under kontrakt med organisationen UFC, der han konkurrerer i letvægt.

Efter at have beskæftiget sig aktivt med brydning gennem hele opvæksten, startede Clay Guida en karriere i MMA sommeren 2003. I 2006 skrev Guida kontrakt Strikeforce og blev deres første titelholder i letvægt da han i sin debut for organisationen besejrede Josh Thomson. Han tabte titelbæltet i sin næste kamp mod Gilbert Melendez. Senere samme år skrev han kontakt for den største MMA-organisastion, UFC. Gennem mere en et årti i UFC har han markeret sig med sin aggression, intensitet og entusiasme. Hans til bærer præg af en baggrund fra brydning. I UFC har han vundet over Rafael dos Anjos og Anthony Pettis, som begge senere blev titelholdere, og over tidligere mester i Pride, Takanori Gomi.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Guida var succesfuldt i sin UFC-debut, hvor han submitede Justin James i 2. omgang på UFC 64.

Guida tæt en enstemmig afgørelse Din Thomas på UFC Fight Night: Evans vs. Salmon i sin 2. omgang UFC-kamp.

Guida fik opmærksomhed for sin 3-omganges split decision-nederlag til Tyson Griffin på UFC 72.

Guida bejserede Ultimate Fighter-vinneren Nate Diaz via split decision på UFC 94.

Hans næste kamp var mod Diego Sanchez, på The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom Finale som han tabte via split decision. Kampen havde et hurtigt tempo, hvor Guida fosvarede sig mod en række vilde offensive slag fra Sanchez og et brutalt hovedspark i 1. omgang, der der slog Guida ned. Kampen vandt 'Fight of the Night'' honors. Kampen kom senere ind som #13 på "100 Greatest UFC fights"-listen.

Trods sin status som kommende lovende UFC-kæmper, var han inkluderet i UFC 2009 Undisputed-videospil på grund af tekniske problemer med hans lange hår. Han blev endda tilbudt $10,000 af Dana White for at klippe det, men han afslag.

Guida mødte Joe Lauzon den 11. november, 2017 op UFC Fight Night: Poirier vs. Pettis. Han vandt via TKO i 1. omgang.

Guida skulle have mødte Bobby Green den 9. juni, 2018 på UFC 225. Men Green meldte afbud på grund af en skade og blev erstattet af Charles Oliveira  Guida tabte kampen via guillotine choke submission i 1. omgang.

Mesterskaber og priser
 Strikeforce
 Strikeforce-letvægtsmester (1 gang; første)
 Ultimate Fighting Championship
 Fight of the Night (6 gange)
 Submission of the Night (3 gange)
 FIGHT! Magazine
 Fight of the Year vs. Roger Huerta (2007)
 World MMA Awards
 Fight of the Year vs. Diego Sanchez (2009)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Fight of the Year (2009) vs. Diego Sanchez den 20. juni
 Tequila CAZADORES Spirit Award
 Tequila CAZADORES Spirit Award (Two times)

MMA-meritter

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Clay Guida – UFC.com
 Clay Guida – Sherdog.com

MMA-udøvere fra USA

Clay Guida


1910 වසර (MCMX) යනු, ග්‍රෙගෝරියානු දින දසුන ප්‍රකාර සෙනසුරාදා දිනයකින් ඇරඹුනු සාමාන්‍ය අවුරුද්දක් (බැඳිය විසින් දින දසුන දක්වනු ඇත) වූ අතර දින-13 සෙමෙන් සිදුවන  ජූලියානු දින දසුන අනුව සිකුරාදා දිනයකින් ඇරඹුනු සාමාන්‍ය අවුරුද්දක් විය.

1910

1910


Vargnatt je demoalbum norveškog black metal-sastava Ulver. Objavljen je 5. studenoga 1993. Sniman je od 13. do 17. listopada 1993.

Glazba i stil pjesama usklađeni su s ranom norveškom black metal-supkulturom s početka 90-ih godina 20. stoljeća, no uradak sadrži i elemente džeza, rocka, gothic rocka i avangardne glazbe. Stihovi su pisani arhaičnim dansko-norveškim jezikom i nastali su pod velikim utjecajem skandinavskih narodnih priča, a nadahnuti su i baroknim pjesnicima kao što su Ludvig Holberg i Thomas Kingo. Naslovnica albuma sadrži gravure vukodlaka iz 19. stoljeća iz zbirke Mansell u Londonu.

Godine 2003. demoalbum je ponovno objavljen u remasteriranoj inačici ograničenoj na 1000 primjeraka. Izdanje sadrži dodatne fotografije i ilustracije te bilješke o albumu Chrisa Brunija.

Također se pojavio u Ulverovu box setu Trolsk Sorrmetall 1993-1997, koji je 2014. objavila diskografska kuća Century Media Records. Ograničen na 5000 primjeraka, taj box set sadrži pjesme s Vargnatta i skladbe s prva tri albuma sastava: Bergtatt – Et Eeventyr i 5 Capitler, Kveldssanger i Nattens Madrigal – Aatte Hymne til Ulven i Manden. Na tom se izdanju nalaze i dodatne četiri demosnimke pjesama s Nattens Madrigala snimljene u ljeto 1995.

Popis pjesama

Zasluge

 Ulver

 C. Michael – bubnjevi
 Kris R. – vokal, naslovnica albuma
 A. Riza – solo-gitara
 Grellmund – ritam gitara
 H. Jørgensen – akustična gitara

 Dodatni glazbenici

 Robin – bas-gitara

Izvori

Albumi sastava Ulver
Albumi iz 1993.

Vargnatt


LOffice to Combat Trafficking in Persons (OCTIP) est une agence publique fondée en 2007 et chargée de coordonner la lutte contre la traite des êtres humains en Colombie-Britannique, au Canada. L'OCTIP est chargé de veiller au respect des droits de l'homme et, en particulier, des personnes victimes de traite des êtres humains.

Histoire

L'OCTIP est fondée en 2007, ce qui fait de la Colombie-Britannique une pionnière de la lutte officielle contre la traite parmi les Provinces et territoires du Canada. En 2008, le département d'État des États-Unis émet un rapport sur la  : le document se montre critique envers le gouvernement du Canada, qui manque à ses responsabilités en la matière ; toutefois le même rapport porte un regard favorable sur l'action de l', en particulier la création de l'OCTIP.

En juin 2011, l'OCTIP lance une formation destinée au secouristes pour qu'ils sachent identifier, protéger et secourir les victimes de traite des êtres humains dans la province. Ce cursus coûte , dont la moitié est financée par l'OCTIP et l'autre partie par Sécurité publique Canada et par Justice Canada. Le mois suivant, l'Executive Council of British Columbia réduit le budget annuel de l'OCTIP, qui passe de  à , se débarrasse du poste de directeur exécutif et réduit à deux personnes l'effectif à temps plein de l'OCTIP. La directrice exécutive était Robin Pike, avant la suppression de ce poste.

Entre 2007 et 2011, l'OCTIP a secouru plus de cent victimes de traite de personnes en Colombie-Britannique.

Notes et références

Articles connexes

Liens externes

Organisme fondé en 2007
Criminalité au Canada
Association ou organisme de lutte contre la traite des êtres humains

Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons


Zvjezdoglavka (udovičica, prženica, srabljivka, gomoljika, strilica; lat. Scabiosa), rod trajnica i jednogodišnjeg bilja iz porodice kozokrvnica smješten u tribus Scabioseae. Postoji šezdesetak vrsta raširenih po Europi, Aziji i Africi. U Hrvatskoj postoji nekoliko vrsta: sivkasta zvjezdoglavka, golublja zvjezdoglavka, svjetlucava zvjezdoglavka i druge

Drugi izvori ovaj rod uključuju u porodicu češljugovki Dipsacaceae, danas potporodica Dipsacoideae.

Vrste roda Sixalix, uklopljene su u ovaj rod.

Opis
Rod Scabiosa, također nazvan "jastučasti cvijet", rod od oko 30 vrsta jednogodišnjih i višegodišnjih zeljastih biljaka iz obitelji kozokrvnica (Caprifoliaceae). Porijeklom su iz umjerene Euroazije, mediteranske regije i planina istočne Afrike. Neke su važne vrtne biljke.

Fizički opis

Sve vrste imaju bazalne lisne rozete i lisnate stabljike koje mogu biti dlakave ili glatke. Cvjetne glavice imaju mnogo zbijenih, malih, peterokrakih, uglavnom dvospolnih cvjetova. U vanjskom prstenu nalaze se veći ženski cvjetovi, a ispod svake cvjetne glavice nalazi se krug lisnatih brakteja. Čaška (formirana od čašičnih listova) je postojana i ostaje na jednosjemenom plodu nakon što se odbaci s biljke.

Glavne vrste

"Jastučasti cvijet", koji se naziva i "žalosna nevjesta" (Scabiosa atropurpurea), južnoeuropska je jednogodišnja biljka s duboko izrezanim bazalnim lišćem i perastim lišćem stabljike, daje mirisne cvjetne glavice od 5 cm (2 inča) u bijeloj, ružičastoj, grimizna, plava ili duboko ljubičasta boja mahagonija. Visok je oko 1 metar (3 stope).

"Mala srabljivka" ili golublja zvjezdoglavka (S. columbaria; poznata i kao "patuljasti jastučasti cvijet"), iz Euroazije i Afrike, doseže 60 cm (24 inča). To je trajnica s nazubljenim izduženo ovalnim prizemnim listovima i rezanim listovima stabljike. Svijetloplavi cvjetovi promjera su 3,5 cm (oko 1,5 inča).

Višegodišnja srabljivka (S. caucasica), iz jugoistočne Europe, naraste do 75 cm (29,5 inča). Ima uske bazalne listove s glatkim rubovima daje svijetloplave cvjetove do 8 cm (3 inča) u promjeru.

Vrste

 Scabiosa africana L.
 Scabiosa albanensis R.A.Dyer
 Scabiosa andryalifolia (Pau) Devesa
 Scabiosa angustiloba (Sond.) B.L.Burtt ex Hutch.
 Scabiosa arenaria Forssk.
 Scabiosa atropurpurea L., oštrocvjetna zviezdoglavka
 Scabiosa austroafricana Heine
 Scabiosa balcanica (Velen.) Velen.
 Scabiosa × beauverdiana Palez.
 Scabiosa bipinnata K.Koch
 Scabiosa buekiana Eckl. & Zeyh.
 Scabiosa canescens Waldst. & Kit., sivkasta zvjezdoglavka
 Scabiosa cartenniana A.Pons & Quézel
 Scabiosa cephalarioides Lojac.
 Scabiosa cinerea Lapeyr. ex Lam.
 Scabiosa colchica Steven
 Scabiosa columbaria L., golublja zvjezdoglavka
 Scabiosa comosa Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.
 Scabiosa correvoniana Sommier & Levier
 Scabiosa corsica (Litard.) Gamisans
 Scabiosa crinita Kotschy & Boiss.
 Scabiosa daucoides Desf.
 Scabiosa drakensbergensis B.L.Burtt
 Scabiosa eremophila Boiss.
 Scabiosa farinosa Coss.
 Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & Pančić
 Scabiosa galianoi Devesa, Ortega Oliv. & J.López
 Scabiosa georgica Sulak.
 Scabiosa holosericea Bertol.
 Scabiosa imeretica Sulak.
 Scabiosa incisa Mill.
 Scabiosa japonica Miq.
 Scabiosa jezoensis Nakai
 Scabiosa lacerifolia Hayata
 Scabiosa lachnophylla Kitag.
 Scabiosa libyca Alavi
 Scabiosa lucida Vill., svjetlucava zvjezdoglavka
 Scabiosa × lucidula Beck
 Scabiosa meskhetica Schchian
 Scabiosa mollissima Viv.
 Scabiosa nitens Roem. & Schult.
 Scabiosa ochroleuca L., žućkastobijela zvjezdoglavka
 Scabiosa owerinii Boiss.
 Scabiosa paphlagonica Bornm.
 Scabiosa parielii Maire
 Scabiosa parviflora Desf.
 Scabiosa praemontana Privalova
 Scabiosa pyrenaica All.
 Scabiosa semipapposa Salzm. ex DC.
 Scabiosa silenifolia Waldst. & Kit., busenasta zvjezdoglavka
 Scabiosa solymica (Parolly, Eren & Nordt) Göktürk
 Scabiosa sosnowskyi Sulak.
 Scabiosa taygetea Boiss. & Heldr.
 Scabiosa tenuis Spruner ex Boiss.
 Scabiosa tenuisecta Jord.
 Scabiosa thysdrusiana Le Houér.
 Scabiosa transvaalensis S.Moore
 Scabiosa triandra L.
 Scabiosa triniifolia Friv.
 Scabiosa turolensis Pau
 Scabiosa tysonii L.Bolus
 Scabiosa velenovskiana Bobrov
 Scabiosa vestina Facchini ex W.D.J.Koch
 Scabiosa webbiana D.Don

Sinonimi
 Acura Hill
 Anisodens Dulac
 Asterocephalus Zinn
 Astrocephalus Raf.
 Chetastrum Neck.
 Columbaria J.Presl & C.Presl
 Cyrtostemma (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Spach
 Euptilia Raf.
 Gonokeros Raf.
 Pentena Raf.
 Scabiosella Tiegh.
 Sclerostemma Schott
 Sixalix Raf.
 Spongostemma (Rchb.) Rchb.
 Trichopteris Neck.
 Trochocephalus (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Opiz

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Češljugovke

Zvjezdoglavka


Ouissem Belgacem (), né le  à Aix-en-Provence, est un footballeur et écrivain franco-tunisien.

Il est révélé en 2021 avec son premier roman autobiographique, Adieu ma honte. Il sensibilise surtout contre l'homophobie dans le milieu du football qu'il a dû abandonner pour vivre librement sa sexualité.

Biographie
Né le  à Aix-en-Provence, dans une famille tunisienne arrivée en France en 1972, Ouissem Belgacem est le dernier enfant de sa famille, seul garçon après quatre filles. Il a 8 ans lorsque son père, violent et alcoolique, meurt dans un accident de voiture lors d'un séjour en Tunisie. Séduit dès l'enfance par le football et après avoir évolué comme défenseur dans les clubs locaux, il est repéré par le centre de formation du Toulouse FC (TFC) à 13 ans, qu'il intègre en 2002. S'ensuivent des années de travail pour devenir joueur professionnel et dissimuler son homosexualité, ayant réalisé très tôt à travers des actes et propos que ni le milieu de football, ni sa famille, ni sa religion n'acceptent l'homosexualité. Belgacem est sous contrat aspirant de 2003 à 2006. Vice-champion de France des 16 ans en 2005, il côtoie Moussa Sissoko et Étienne Capoue. Il quitte le TFC à 19 ans, sans être apparu avec l'équipe réserve. En jouant pour l'équipe de Tunisie des moins de 17 ans les qualifications pour la Coupe d'Afrique des nations des moins de 17 ans en 2004 et dans des clubs aux États-Unis, il ressent également cette homophobie :

Ainsi, il grandit en ayant honte et en tâchant de cacher son homosexualité, ce qui le conduit à la dépression, et il finit par abandonner son rêve de devenir joueur professionnel.

Ouissem Belgacem s'installe par la suite à Londres où il ne ressent plus son homosexualité comme une honte. Assumant désormais son identité et voulant faire évoluer la question de l'homophobie dans le sport, il publie en 2021 une autobiographie, Adieu ma honte. Il expose dans ce premier roman la difficulté d'accepter son homosexualité quand on vient d'un quartier populaire, d'une famille musulmane et qu'on évolue dans le monde du football. Il intervient dès la sortie de son livre dans de nombreux évènements sur la sensibilisation contre l'homophobie dans le football, entre autres auprès des joueurs du TFC à la demande de son ancien club, auprès des joueurs du Amiens SC, et auprès des membres du club égalité du lycée Darius-Milhaud au Kremlin-Bicêtre.

Ouissem Belgacem est également chef de l'entreprise OnTrack Sport qui soutient les sportifs de haut niveau dans la gestion de leur après-carrière.

En 2023, Belgacem écrit une adaptation de son livre Adieu ma honte en série documentaire de quatre épisodes, réalisée par Renaud Bertrand et diffusée sur Canal+ Docs.

Distinctions
 Prix du roman gay 2021 : Prix du récit autobiographique.

Œuvre
 .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Écrivain français du XXIe siècle
Écrivain tunisien francophone
Autobiographe français
Footballeur français
Footballeur tunisien
Militant pour les droits LGBT en France
Personnalité ayant fait son coming out
Naissance en janvier 1988
Naissance à Aix-en-Provence

Ouissem Belgacem


The Witcher ( [Vʲjɛ̇ʥ̑mʲĩn] ) er et rollespil udviklet af CD Projekt Red og udgivet af Atari, baseret på den hidtidige serie The Witcher af den polske forfatter Andrzej Sapkowski. Historien foregår i en middelalderlig fantasiverden og følger Geralt of Rivia, en af nogle få rejsende monsterjægere, der har overnaturlige kræfter, kendt som Witchers. Spillets system af moralske valg som led i historien blev noteret for dets tidsforsinkede konsekvenser og mangel på sort-hvid moral.

Spillet anvender BioWares proprietære Aurora Engine. En konsolversion skulle udgives i slutningen af 2009 ved hjælp af et helt nyt motor- og kampsystem og titlen The Witcher: The White Wolf's Rise ; Det blev dog suspenderet på grund af betalingsproblemer med konsoludviklere Widescreen Games. To efterfølgere blev udgivet: The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings i 2011 og The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt i 2015.

Plot

Spillet fortæller historien om Geralt of Rivia, en Witcher - et genetisk forbedret menneske med specielle kræfter uddannet til at dræbe monstre. Witcher indeholder tre forskellige stier, som påvirker spillets historie. Disse stier er: alliance med Scoia'tael, en guerrilla frihedsbekæmpelsesgruppe af elvere og andre ikke-mennesker; alliance med The Order of the Flaming Rose, hvis riddere beskytter Temerias land; eller at undgå nogle alliancer for at opretholde "Witcher neutralitet".

Udvikling
Før CD Projects blev involveret, havde Metropolis Software (som CD Projekt købte i 2009 og lukkede i 2010) opnået en ikke-frigivet licens fra Andrzej Sapkowski for sine romaner i The Witcher- serien omkring 1997. På grund af flere andre projekter, som studiet var involveret i på det tidspunkt, og bekymringer fra deres udgiver TopWare om materialernes internationale appel, blev projektet dog aldrig længere end nogle indledende medier og et spilbart niveau.

CD Projekt henvendte sig senere til Sapkowski for rettigheder til serien. De var i stand til at sikre rettighederne for omkring 35.000 zloty (ca. US $ 9.500 / 61000 DKK) fra Sapkowski, der ønskede alle betalingsrettigheder foran, snarere end gennem royalties, selv om disse blev tilbudt ham. I et interview i 2017 sagde Sapkowski på det tidspunkt, at han ikke havde interesse for videospil, og at han kun så på handlen fra et økonomisk synspunkt.
Spillet modtog for det meste positive anmeldelser. Michael Lafferty fra GameZone gav spillet 8,8 ud af 10. The Witchers filmiske intro blev nomineret til 2007 VES Awards i kategorien af enestående Pre-renderet Visuals i en Video Game, og spillets soundtrack blev kåret til "bedste Fantasy-spil Soundtrack" i 2007 ved Radio Rivendell Fantasy Awards.
I 2010 blev spillet inkluderet som en af titlerne i bogen 1001 Videospil, du skal spille, før du dør.

Referencer
The Witcher (Dansk: Hekseren, polsk: Wiedźmin [Vʲjɛ̇ʥ̑mʲĩn] ) er et rollespil udviklet af CD Projekt Red og udgivet af Atari, baseret på den hidtidige serie The Witcher af den polske forfatter Andrzej Sapkowski. Historien foregår i en middelalderlig fantasiverden og følger Geralt of Rivia, en af nogle få rejsende monsterjægere, der har overnaturlige kræfter, kendt som Witchers. Spillets system af moralske valg som led i historien blev noteret for dets tidsforsinkede konsekvenser og mangel på sort-hvid moral.

Spillet anvender BioWares proprietærer Aurora Engine. En konsolversion skulle udgives i slutningen af 2009 ved hjælp af et helt nyt motor- og kampsystem og titlen The Witcher: The White Wolf's Rise ; Det blev dog suspenderet på grund af betalingsproblemer med konsoludviklere Widescreen Games. To efterfølgere blev udgivet: The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings i 2011 og The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt i 2015.

Plot
Advarsel! - Handling, afslutning og/eller plot afsløres i det følgende.

Spillet fortæller historien om Geralt of Rivia, en Witcher - et genetisk forbedret menneske med specielle kræfter uddannet til at dræbe monstre. Witcher indeholder tre forskellige stier, som påvirker spillets historie. Disse stier er: alliance med Scoia'tael, en guerilla frihedsbekæmpelsesgruppe af elvere og andre ikke-mennesker; alliance med The Order of the Flaming Rose, hvis riddere beskytter Temerias land; eller at undgå nogle alliancer for at opretholde "Witcher neutralitet".

Afsløringer af handling, afslutning og/eller plot ender her.

Udvikling
Før CD Projects blev involveret, havde Metropolis Software (som CD Projekt købte i 2009 og lukkede i 2010) opnået en ikke-frigivet licens fra Andrzej Sapkowski for sine romaner i The Witcher- serien omkring 1997. På grund af flere andre projekter, som studiet var involveret i på det tidspunkt, og bekymringer fra deres udgiver TopWare om materialernes internationale appel, blev projektet dog aldrig længere end nogle indledende medier og et spilbart niveau.

CD Projekt henvendte sig senere til Sapkowski for rettigheder til serien. De var i stand til at sikre rettighederne for omkring 35.000 zloty (ca. US $ 9.500 / 61000 DKK) fra Sapkowski, der ønskede alle betalingsrettigheder foran, snarere end gennem royalties, selv om disse blev tilbudt ham. I et interview i 2017 sagde Sapkowski på det tidspunkt, at han ikke havde interesse for videospil, og at han kun så på handlen fra et økonomisk synspunkt.

Spillet modtog for det meste positive anmeldelser. Michael Lafferty fra GameZone gav spillet 8,8 ud af 10. The Witchers filmiske intro blev nomineret til 2007 VES Awards i kategorien af enestående Pre-renderet Visuals i en Video Game, og spillets soundtrack blev kåret til "bedste Fantasy-spil Soundtrack" i 2007 ved Radio Rivendell Fantasy Awards. I 2010 blev spillet inkluderet som en af titlerne i bogen 1001 Videospil, du skal spille, før du dør.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Windows-spil
Computerrollespil
Mac OS X-spil
Atari-spil
Computerspil fra 2007
Pages with unreviewed translations

The Witcher


تشارالامبوس كزانثوبولوس ، من مواليد 29 أغسطس 1956 ، لاعب كرة قدم يوناني سابق.

لعب مع منتخب اليونان لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من سالونيك
لاعبو الدوري اليوناني
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1980
لاعبو كرة قدم يونانيون
لاعبو منتخب اليونان لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي إيراكليس سالونيك لكرة القدم
مواليد 1956
مواليد في سالونيك
لاعبو كرة قدم من سلانيك

تشارالامبوس كزانثوبولوس


Miskolcs Universitet (ungarnsk: Miskolci Egyetem, forkortelse: ME) er et offentlige universitet i Miskolc, den fjerde største by i Ungarn. Universitetet blev oprettet i 1949. Universitetet er efterfølger for universitetet for minedrift og metallurgi af Selmecbánya (nu: Banská Štiavnica) etableret i 1735. Universitetets tidligere navn var Sværindustrielle Tekniske Universitet, siden 1990 er det blevet omdøbt til Miskolcs Universitet.

Fakulteter
 Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet siden 1735
 Fakultet for Materialer og Metallurgisk Engineering siden 1735
 Fakultet for Maskinteknik og Informationsvidenskab siden 1949
 Juridisk Fakultet siden 1980
 Fakultet for Økonomi siden 1987
 Faculty of Arts siden 1992
 Béla Bartók Musik Institut siden 1904/1997
 Fakultet for Sundhedspleje siden 1985/2005

Galleri

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Miskolcs Universitets hjemmeside

Etableret i 1735
Universiteter
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Ungarn

Miskolcs Universitet


Karacalar, Emirdağ - Afyonkarahisar ili Emirdağ ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Akyurt - Ankara ili Akyurt ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacalar, Manavgat - Antalya ili Manavgat ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacalar, Savaştepe - Balıkesir ili Savaştepe ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacalar, Sındırgı - Balıkesir ili Sındırgı ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacalar, Gölpazarı - Bilecik ili Gölpazarı ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Göynük - Bolu ili Göynük ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Mengen - Bolu ili Mengen ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Mustafakemalpaşa - Bursa ili Mustafakemalpaşa ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacalar, Çanakkale - Çanakkale ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Silvan - Diyarbakır ili Silvan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacalar, Kemah - Erzincan ili Kemah ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Üzümlü - Erzincan ili Üzümlü ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Araç - Kastamonu ili Araç ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Alaşehir - Manisa ili Alaşehir ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacalar, Kumru - Ordu ili Kumru ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacalar, Osmaniye - Osmaniye ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Kavak - Samsun ili Kavak ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacalar, Ulaş - Sivas ili Ulaş ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Yozgat - Yozgat ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacalar, Sarıkaya - Yozgat ili Sarıkaya ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karaca(Capreolus capreolus)

Karacalar


دوما قد تعني الآتي:

أنظمة إدارية
 دوما: المجالس البرلمانية في روسيا.
 مجلس الدوما المجلس الأدنى في برلمان روسيا.
 مجلس الدوما في الإمبراطورية الروسية: المجلس الأدنى في برلمان الإمبراطورية الروسية (1905 – 1917).

جغرافيا

دوما بلدة في محافظة نابلس في الضفة الغربية.

دوما مدينة في محافظة ريف دمشق.
 دوما (حماة) قرية في محافظة حماة.

دوما قرية في البترون.

صفحات توضيح أسماء أماكن

دوما (توضيح)


Characiochloris, rod zelenih algi iz porodice Characiochloridaceae, dio reda Chlamydomonadales. Postoji 14 priznatih vrsta, a tipična je slatkovodna vrsta C characioides.

Vrste
 Characiochloris acuminata K.W.Lee & Bold
 Characiochloris anophelesi M.O.P.Iyengar
 Characiochloris apiculata Korshikov
 Characiochloris characioides Pascher - tip
 Characiochloris clathrata Skuja
 Characiochloris crassa Korshikov
 Characiochloris epizootica Pascher
 Characiochloris ettlii Fott
 Characiochloris incrassata Skuja
 Characiochloris klinorostris Skuja
 Characiochloris monopleura Skuja
 Characiochloris obtusa Korshikov ex Korshikov
 Characiochloris sasae H.Nozaki
 Characiochloris sessilis Pascher

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Rodovi Chlamydomonadales

Characiochloris


Le polissoir de Mérinville est un polissoir situé à Mérinville, dans le département du Loiret, en région Centre-Val de Loire.

Situation
Le polissoir est situé à Mérinville, dans le Nord-Est du département du Loiret, dans la région naturelle du Gâtinais français, sur l'axe Pers-en-Gâtinais - Ervauville, dans la forêt d'Ervauville, bois de Mérinville, près des étangs. Il est à quelques décamètres à l'ouest de la digue montée à l'ouest du lac de la Roche, le plus près au sud de la rue du menhir de Pers-en-Gâtinais, à environ  de la lisière ouest de la forêt.

Description
Le polissoir est une très grande dalle de grès d'environ  de haut, aux contours irréguliers car partiellement enfouis, et comporte 11 rainures, dont huit avec une arête de fond visible, une grande cuvette et quatre surfaces polies. La dalle de grès est entourée de terriers creusés dessous.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Sites mégalithiques du Loiret

Liens externes
 Mégalithes du monde - Polissoir de Mérinville

Site mégalithique dans le Loiret
Mérinville
Gâtinais

Polissoir de Mérinville


Die Laufanalyse ist wie die Ganganalyse ein Bereich der Bewegungsanalyse und versucht, die Laufbewegung mittels bestimmter Parameter zu beschreiben.
Die Methodiken werden aus der Ganganalyse übernommen, wobei zum Teil ein spezielles Setup, z. B. auf der Laufbahn, gewählt wird.

Meistens werden visuelle Methoden angewandt, auch häufig in wenig professionellem Rahmen wie großen Sporteinzelhandelsbetrieben.
Die Qualität und Aussagekraft der Messung hängt zum Teil von der Validität der gewählten Methodik ab, aber auch von der Fachkundigkeit desjenigen, welcher die Ergebnisse interpretiert und an den Läufer weiterleitet.

Kritisch ist hierbei auch zu hinterfragen, was es dem Läufer selbst bringt. Während bei der Ganganalyse entweder eine Forschungsfrage (eine Hypothese in Form einer Frage) bearbeitet werden soll, oder in der klinischen Anwendung ein Therapiekonzept aufgrund dieser Art der Befundung erstellt wird, so ist die reine Laufanalyse/Laufstilanalyse/Laufbandanalyse eine Dokumentation für den Läufer (sofern sie auch gespeichert wird), welche ohne begleitendes Techniktraining mittels eines geschulten Trainers keinen weiteren Nutzen für den Sportler hat.
Eine Schuhwahl (gestützter oder neutraler Schuh) aufgrund einer Labormessung (Laufbandanalyse) wird auch kritisch hinterfragt.

Literatur

 Perry J.: Gait Analysis. Second Edition, Slack Incorporated, 2010
 Matthias Marquardt (Hrsg.), Patrick Ansah, Manuela Dierkes, Franz Harrer, Bernd Rockenfeller, Thomas Schmidt, Uwe Wegner: Laufanalyse. Medizinische Betreuung von Läufern, Georg Thieme Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-13-153641-9

Sportmedizin
Diagnostisches Verfahren in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Biomechanik

Laufanalyse


Anders Nielsen (født 6. december 1970) er en dansk fodboldspiller, der spillede for en række belgiske klubber. Han har senest været træner for BK Marienlyst.

Klubkarriere
Han startede sin karriere som amatør i Danmarksserieklubben Nakskov BK og 2. divisionsklubberne Helsingør IF og Hellerup IK.

Belgien
Han skiftede i 1994 til belgisk fodbold, hvor han spillede professionelt for K. Sint-Truidense V.V., Club Brugge K.V., K.A.A. Gent, Royal Antwerp FC, K. Beringen-Heusden-Zolder, K.V. Red Star Waasland og JV De Pinte. Mens han spillede for Gent, blev han udlejet til AC Omonia, som han vandt Cyperns førstedivision i fodbold 2000-01 med, og AGF.

Han stoppede sin aktive karriere i 2007.

Landsholdskarriere
Han spillede en kamp for Danmarks B-fodboldlandshold den 13. august 1996, da han startede inde og spillede i første 72 minutter i en kamp mod Sverige.

Trænerkarriere
Han blev i 2009 deltidstræner i Odense Boldklub. Han var samtidig salgskonsulent i BK Marienlyst. I 2011 blev han fuldtidstræner i BK Marienlyst. Han droslede ned i løbet af 2014-15-sæsonen og stoppede i sommeren 2015.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 AndersNielsen.be

 Anders Nielsen på dansk fodbold.com
 Anders Nielsen på WorldFootball.net
 Profil på rafcmuseum.be

Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Nakskov Boldklub
Fodboldspillere fra Helsingør Idrætsforening
Fodboldspillere fra Hellerup IK
Fodboldspillere fra Sint-Truidense V.V.
Fodboldspillere fra Club Brugge
Fodboldspillere fra KAA Gent
Fodboldspillere fra AC Omonia
Fodboldspillere fra AGF
Fodboldspillere fra Royal Antwerp FC
Fodboldspillere fra Waasland-Beveren
Fodboldtrænere fra Danmark
Fodboldtrænere fra Odense Boldklub
Fodboldtrænere fra Boldklubben Marienlyst

Anders Nielsen (fodboldspiller, født 1970)


Le complexe gouvernemental de Séoul, anciennement complexe du gouvernement central, est un immeuble abritant plusieurs administrations du gouvernement de la Corée du Sud comme le ministère de l'Unification. Il est situé dans l'arrondissement de Jongno-gu.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Articles connexes
 Complexe gouvernemental de Daejeon

Bâtiment gouvernemental
Gouvernement de la Corée du Sud

Complexe gouvernemental de Séoul


Cykling under sommer-OL 2016 fandt sted mellem 6. august og 21. august 2016 på fire forskellige arenaer i Rio de Janeiro. Der blev konkurreret i 18 discipliner, 9 for mænd og 9 for kvinder, og der blev konkurreret i landevejscykling, banecykling, BMX og mountainbike.

Program

Medaljevindere

Medaljetabel

Landevejscykling

Banecykling

Mountainbike

BMX

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 https://www.rio2016.com/en/cycling-bmx
 https://www.rio2016.com/en/cycling-mountain-bike
 https://www.rio2016.com/en/cycling-road
 https://www.rio2016.com/en/cycling-track

Cykling under sommer-OL 2016


Propikonazol je triazolni fungicid, također poznat i kao DMI ili demetilcijsko inhibitorni fungicid zbog vezivanja za i inhibicuju enzima 14-alfa demeteilaze, prekursora ergoszterola. Bez koraka demetilacije, ergosterol se ne ugrađuje u staničnu membranu gljivica te se zaustavlja stanični rast.

Poljoprivreda
Propikonazol se koristi u poljoprivredi kao sistemski fungicid na travnjacima za uzgoj sjemena i estetski ili sportsku namjenu, usjevima pšenica, kulturama gljive, usjevima kukuruza, divljih riža, kikirikija, badema, sirka, zobi, vočnjacima s orasima, marelicama, breskvama, nektarinama, šljivama, suhim šljivama i limunom. Također se koristi u kombinaciji s permetrinom za zaštitu drveta. Propikonazol je mješavina četiri stereoizomera prvi put razvijen 1979. u tvrtki Janssen Pharmaceutica. Propikonazol ima jaka supresivna svojstva na australske tepih bube Anthrenocerus australis.

Vanjske poveznice
 Non-CCA Wood Preservatives: Guide to Selected Resources - National Pesticide Information Center

Kemijski spojevi

Propikonazol


An Neoregelia wurdackii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Lyman Bradford Smith. An Neoregelia wurdackii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Neoregelia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Neoregelia

Neoregelia wurdackii


My Friend je pjesma koju izvodi hrvatski pjevač Jacques Houdek. Predstavljala je Hrvatsku na Eurosongu 2017.

Jacques Houdek je 17. veljače 2017. godine proglašen hrvatskim sudionikom na Eurosongu 2017. Dana 20. veljače, potvrđeno je da će se pjesma koju će pjevati zvati "My Friend". Pjesma je kasnije objavljena 2. ožujka u digitalnome obliku i prva je hrvatska pjesma na Eurosongu, koja sadrži dio teksta na talijanskom jeziku. Jacques Houdek naizmjenično pjeva na talijanskom i engleskom jeziku mijenjajući boju glasa.

Hrvatska se natjecala u drugome polufinalu na Eurosongu u Kijevu u Ukrajini. Jacques Houdek prošao je u finale, gdje je osvojio 13. mjesto od ukupno 26 izvođača. Bio je 9. po glasovima publike, a od žirija je dobio puno manje glasova.

Izvori

Eurovizijske pjesme
Hrvatske skladbe

My Friend


5' AMP-activated protein kinase or AMPK or 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase is an enzyme (EC 184.108.40.206) that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis, largely to activate glucose and fatty acid uptake and oxidation when cellular energy is low. It belongs to a highly conserved eukaryotic protein family and its orthologues are SNF1 in yeast, and SnRK1 in plants. It consists of three proteins (subunits) that together make a functional enzyme, conserved from yeast to humans. It is expressed in a number of tissues, including the liver, brain, and skeletal muscle. In response to binding AMP and ADP, the net effect of AMPK activation is stimulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, stimulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipogenesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis, and modulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells.

It should not be confused with cyclic AMP-activated protein kinase (protein kinase A).

Structure

AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein complex that is formed by α, β, and γ subunits. Each of these three subunits takes on a specific role in both the stability and activity of AMPK. Specifically, the γ subunit includes four particular Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domains, giving AMPK its ability to sensitively detect shifts in the AMP/ATP ratio. AMPK is deactivated upon AMP displacement by ATP at CBS site 3, suggesting CBS3 to be the primary allosteric regulatory site. The four CBS domains create two binding sites for AMP commonly referred to as Bateman domains. Binding of one AMP to a Bateman domain cooperatively increases the binding affinity of the second AMP to the other Bateman domain. As AMP binds both Bateman domains the γ subunit undergoes a conformational change which exposes the catalytic domain found on the α subunit. It is in this catalytic domain where AMPK becomes activated when phosphorylation takes place at threonine-172 (on α1 isoform) or Thr-174 (on α2 isoform) by an upstream AMPK kinase (AMPKK). The α, β, and γ subunits can also be found in different isoforms: the γ subunit can exist as either the γ1, γ2 or γ3 isoform; the β subunit can exist as either the β1 or β2 isoform; and the α subunit can exist as either the α1 or α2 isoform. Although the most common isoforms expressed in most cells are the α1, β1, and γ1 isoforms, it has been demonstrated that the α2, β2, γ2, and γ3 isoforms are also expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle.

The following human genes encode AMPK subunits:
 α – PRKAA1, PRKAA2
 β – PRKAB1, PRKAB2
 γ – PRKAG1, PRKAG2, PRKAG3

The crystal structure of mammalian AMPK regulatory core domain (α C terminal, β C terminal, γ) has been solved in complex with AMP, ADP  or ATP.

Regulation
Due to the presence of isoforms of its components, there are 12 versions of AMPK in mammals, each of which can have different tissue localizations, and different functions under different conditions. AMPK is regulated allosterically and by post-translational modification, which work together.

If residue Thr-172 of AMPK's α1-subunit (or Thr-174 of AMPK's α2-subunit) is phosphorylated, AMPK is activated around 100-fold; access to that residue by phosphatases is blocked if AMP or ADP can block access for and ATP can displace AMP and ADP. That residue is phosphorylated by at least three kinases (liver kinase B1 (LKB1), which works in a complex with STRAD and MO25, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase II-(CAMKK2), and TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)) and is dephosphorylated by three phosphatases (protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) and Mg2+-/Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatase 1E (PPM1E)).

Regulation of AMPK by CaMKK2 requires a direct interaction of these two proteins via their kinase domains. The interaction of CaMKK2 with AMPK only involves the α and β subunits of AMPK (AMPK γ is absent from the CaMKK2 complex), thus rendering regulation of AMPK in this context to changes in calcium levels but not AMP or ADP.

AMPK is regulated allosterically mostly by competitive binding to the CBS sites on its γ subunit between ATP (which allows phosphatase access to Thr-172) and AMP or ADP (each of which blocks access to phosphatases).  It thus appears that AMPK is a sensor of AMP/ATP or ADP/ATP ratios and thus cell energy level. AMPK undergoes a large conformational change upon ATP binding. A region on the α subunit known as the kinase domain (KD) dissociates from its active-state conformation and loosely associates with the γ subunit ~100Å away. The KD also rotates ~180° in the conformational change. Upon KD dissociation, the active loop (AL) of the α subunit which contains the critical phosphorylated Thr residue is fully exposed to upstream phosphatases. This conformational change represents a plausible mechanism for AMPK modulation. When cellular energy states are low (high AMP/ATP or ADP/ATP levels), AMPK adopts the KD-associated conformation and AMPK is protected from dephosphorylation and remains activated. When cellular energy states are high, AMPK adopts the KD-displaced conformation, the AL is exposed to upstream phosphatases, and AMPK is deactivated.

The pharmacological compounds Merck Compound 991 and Abbott A769662 bind to the allosteric drug and metabolism site (ADaM) on the β subunit and have been shown to activate AMPK up to 10-fold. ADaM site binding may have roles in AMPK activation as well as protection against dephosphorylation.

There are other mechanisms by which AMPK is inhibited or activated by insulin, leptin, and diacylglycerol by inducing various other phosphorylations.

AMPK may be inhibited or activated by various tissue-specific ubiquitinations.

It is also regulated by several protein-protein interactions, and may either be activated or inhibited by oxidative factors; the role of oxidation in regulating AMPK was controversial as of 2016.

Function
When AMPK phosphorylates acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) or sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), it inhibits synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and activates fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation.

AMPK stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle by phosphorylating  Rab-GTPase-activating protein TBC1D1, which ultimately induces fusion of GLUT1 vesicles with the plasma membrane. AMPK stimulates glycolysis by activating phosphorylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 2/3 and activating phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase, and it inhibits glycogen synthesis through inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. In the liver, AMPK inhibits gluconeogenesis by inhibiting transcription factors including hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) and CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2).

AMPK inhibits the energy-intensive protein biosynthesis process and can also force a switch from cap-dependent translation to cap-independent translation, which requires less energy, by phosphorylation of TSC2, RPTOR, transcription initiation factor 1A.66, and eEF2K. When TSC2 is activated it inhibits mTORC1. As a result of inhibition of mTORC1 by AMPK, protein synthesis comes to a halt. Activation of AMPK signifies low energy within the cell, so all of the energy consuming pathways like protein synthesis are inhibited, and pathways that generate energy are activated to restore appropriate energy levels in the cell.

AMPK activates autophagy by directly and indirectly activating ULK1. AMPK also appears to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis by regulating PGC-1α which in turn promotes gene transcription in mitochondria. AMPK also activates anti-oxidant defenses.

Clinical significance

Exercise/training

Many biochemical adaptations of skeletal muscle that take place during a single bout of exercise or an extended duration of training, such as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and capacity, increased muscle glycogen, and an increase in enzymes which specialize in glucose uptake in cells such as GLUT4 and hexokinase II  are thought to be mediated in part by AMPK when it is activated. Additionally, recent discoveries can conceivably suggest a direct AMPK role in increasing blood supply to exercised/trained muscle cells by stimulating and stabilizing both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Taken together, these adaptations most likely transpire as a result of both temporary and maintained increases in AMPK activity brought about by increases in the AMP:ATP ratio during single bouts of exercise and long-term training.

During a single acute exercise bout, AMPK allows the contracting muscle cells to adapt to the energy challenges by increasing expression of hexokinase II, translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, for glucose uptake, and by stimulating glycolysis. If bouts of exercise continue through a long-term training regimen, AMPK and other signals will facilitate contracting muscle adaptations by escorting muscle cell activity to a metabolic transition resulting in a fatty-acid oxidation approach to ATP generation as opposed to a glycolytic approach. AMPK accomplishes this transition to the oxidative mode of metabolism by upregulating and activating oxidative enzymes such as hexokinase II, PPAR-α, PPAR-δ, PGC-1, UCP-3, cytochrome C and TFAM.

Mutations in the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (RYR1) underlies a life- threatening response to heat in patients with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS). Upon acute exposure to heat, these mutations cause uncontrolled Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, leading to sustained muscle contractures, severe hyperthermia, and sudden death. At basal conditions, the temperature-dependent Ca2+ leak also leads to increased energy demand and activation of energy sensing AMP kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle. The activated AMPK increases muscle metabolic activity, including glycolysis, which leads to marked elevation of circulating lactate.

AMPK activity increases with exercise and the LKB1/MO25/STRAD complex is considered to be the major upstream AMPKK of the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylating the α subunit of AMPK at Thr-172. This fact is puzzling considering that although AMPK protein abundance has been shown to increase in skeletal tissue with endurance training, its level of activity has been shown to decrease with endurance training in both trained and untrained tissue. Currently, the activity of AMPK immediately following a 2 hour bout of exercise of an endurance trained rat is unclear. It is possible that a direct link exists between the observed decrease in AMPK activity in endurance trained skeletal muscle and the apparent decrease in the AMPK response to exercise with endurance training.

Although AMPKα2 activation has been thought to be important for mitochondrial adaptations to exercise training, a recent study investigating the response to exercise training in AMPKα2 knockout mice opposes this idea. Their study compared the response to exercise training of several proteins and enzymes in wild type and AMPKα2 knockout mice. And even though the knockout mice had lower basal markers of mitochondrial density (COX-1, CS, and HAD), these markers increased similarly to the wild type mice after exercise training. These findings are supported by another study also showing no difference in mitochondrial adaptations to exercise training between wild type and knockout mice.

Maximum life span

The C. elegans homologue of AMPK, aak-2, has been shown by Michael Ristow and colleagues to be required for extension of life span in states of glucose restriction mediating a process named mitohormesis.

Lipid metabolism

One of the effects of exercise is an increase in fatty acid metabolism, which provides more energy for the cell. One of the key pathways in AMPK's regulation of fatty acid oxidation is the phosphorylation and inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) converts acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1). CPT-1 transports fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation. Inactivation of ACC, therefore, results in increased fatty acid transport and subsequent oxidation. It is also thought that the decrease in malonyl-CoA occurs as a result of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), which may be regulated by AMPK. MCD is an antagonist to ACC, decarboxylating malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA, resulting in decreased malonyl-CoA and increased CPT-1 and fatty acid oxidation.
AMPK also plays an important role in lipid metabolism in the liver. It has long been known that hepatic ACC has been regulated in the liver by phosphorylation. AMPK also phosphorylates and inactivates 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. HMGR converts 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, which is made from acetyl-CoA, into mevalonic acid, which then travels down several more metabolic steps to become cholesterol. AMPK, therefore, helps regulate fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol synthesis.

Glucose transport
Insulin is a hormone which helps regulate glucose levels in the body. When blood glucose is high, insulin is released from the Islets of Langerhans. Insulin, among other things, will then facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells via increased expression and translocation of glucose transporter GLUT-4. Under conditions of exercise, however, blood sugar levels are not necessarily high, and insulin is not necessarily activated, yet muscles are still able to bring in glucose. AMPK seems to be responsible in part for this exercise-induced glucose uptake. Goodyear et al. observed that with exercise, the concentration of GLUT-4 was increased in the plasma membrane, but decreased in the microsomal membranes, suggesting that exercise facilitates the translocation of vesicular GLUT-4 to the plasma membrane. While acute exercise increases GLUT-4 translocation, endurance training will increase the total amount of GLUT-4 protein available. It has been shown that both electrical contraction and AICA ribonucleotide (AICAR) treatment increase AMPK activation, glucose uptake, and GLUT-4 translocation in perfused rat hindlimb muscle, linking exercise-induced glucose uptake to AMPK. Chronic AICAR injections, simulating some of the effects of endurance training, also increase the total amount of GLUT-4 protein in the muscle cell.

Two proteins are essential for the regulation of GLUT-4 expression at a transcriptional level – myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and GLUT4 enhancer factor (GEF). Mutations in the DNA binding regions for either of these proteins results in ablation of transgene GLUT-4 expression. These results prompted a study in 2005 which showed that AMPK directly phosphorylates GEF, but it doesn't seem to directly activate MEF2. AICAR treatment has been shown, however, to increase transport of both proteins into the nucleus, as well as increase the binding of both to the GLUT-4 promoter region.

There is another protein involved in carbohydrate metabolism that is worthy of mention along with GLUT-4. The enzyme hexokinase phosphorylates a six-carbon sugar, most notably glucose, which is the first step in glycolysis. When glucose is transported into the cell it is phosphorylated by hexokinase. This phosphorylation keeps glucose from leaving the cell, and by changing the structure of glucose through phosphorylation, it decreases the concentration of glucose molecules, maintaining a gradient for more glucose to be transported into the cell. Hexokinase II transcription is increased in both red and white skeletal muscle upon treatment with AICAR. With chronic injections of AICAR, total protein content of hexokinase II increases in rat skeletal muscle.

Mitochondria
Mitochondrial enzymes, such as cytochrome c, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase, increase in expression and activity in response to exercise. AICAR stimulation of AMPK increases cytochrome c and δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the production of heme. Malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase also increase, as well as citrate synthase activity, in rats treated with AICAR injections. Conversely, in LKB1 knockout mice, there are decreases in cytochrome c and citrate synthase activity, even if the mice are "trained" by voluntary exercise.

AMPK is required for increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression in skeletal muscle in response to creatine depletion.  PGC-1α is a transcriptional regulator for genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and is considered the master regulator for mitochondrial biogenesis.

To do this, it enhances the activity of transcription factors like nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), host cell factor (HCF), and others. It also has a positive feedback loop, enhancing its own expression. Both MEF2 and cAMP response element (CRE) are essential for contraction-induced PGC-1α promoter activity. LKB1 knockout mice show a decrease in PGC-1α, as well as mitochondrial proteins.

Thyroid hormone

AMPK and thyroid hormone regulate some similar processes. Knowing these similarities, Winder and Hardie et al. designed an experiment to see if AMPK was influenced by thyroid hormone. They found that all of the subunits of AMPK were increased in skeletal muscle, especially in the soleus and red quadriceps, with thyroid hormone treatment. There was also an increase in phospho-ACC, a marker of AMPK activity.

Glucose sensing systems

Loss of AMPK has been reported to alter the sensitivity of glucose sensing cells, through poorly defined mechanisms. Loss of the AMPKα2 subunit in pancreatic β-cells and hypothalamic neurons decreases the sensitivity of these cells to changes in extracellular glucose concentration. Moreover, exposure of rats to recurrent bouts of insulin induced hypoglycemia/glucopenia, reduces the activation of AMPK within the hypothalamus, whilst also suppressing the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia.
 Pharmacological activation of AMPK by delivery of AMPK activating drug AICAR, directly into the hypothalamus can increase the counterregulatory response to hypoglycaemia.

Lysosomal damage, inflammatory diseases and metformin
AMPK is recruited to lysosomes and regulated at the lysosomes via several systems of  clinical significance. This includes the AXIN - LKB1 complex, acting in response to glucose limitations functioning independently of AMP sensing, which detects low glucose as absence of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate via a dynamic set of interactions between lysosomally localized V-ATPase-aldolase in contact with the endoplasmic reticulum localized TRPV. A second AMPK-control system localized to lysosomes depends on the Galectin-9-TAK1 system and ubiquitination responses at controlled by deubiquitinating enzymes such as USP9X leading to AMPK activation  in response to lysosomal damage,  a condition that can occur biochemically, physically via protein aggregates such as proteopathic tau in Alzheimer's disease, crystalline silica causing silicosis, cholesterol crystals causing inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome and rupture of atherosclerotic lesions, urate crystals associated with gout, or during microbial invasion such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis  or coronaviruses causing SARS. Both of the above lysosomally localized systems controlling AMPK activate it in response to metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug.

Tumor suppression and promotion
Some evidence indicates that AMPK may have a role in tumor suppression. Studies have found that AMPK may exert most, or even all of, the tumor suppressing properties of liver kinase B1 (LKB1). Additionally, studies where the AMPK activator metformin was used to treat diabetes found a correlation with a reduced risk of cancer, compared to other medications. Gene knockout and knockdown studies with mice found that mice without the gene to express AMPK had greater risks of developing lymphomas, though as the gene was knocked out globally instead of just in B cells, it was impossible to conclude that AMP knockout had cell-autonomous effects within tumor progenitor cells.

In contrast, some studies have linked AMPK with a role as a tumor promoter by protecting cancer cells from stress. Thus, once cancerous cells have formed in an organism, AMPK may swap from protecting against cancer to protecting the cancer itself. Studies have found that tumor cells with AMPK knockout are more susceptible to death by glucose starvation or extracellular matrix detachment, which may indicate AMPK has a role in preventing these two outcomes. There is no direct evidence that inhibiting AMPK would be an effective cancer treatment in humans.

Controversy over role in adaption to exercise/training

A seemingly paradoxical role of AMPK occurs when we take a closer look at the energy-sensing enzyme in relation to exercise and long-term training. Similar to short-term acute training scale, long-term endurance training studies also reveal increases in oxidative metabolic enzymes, GLUT-4, mitochondrial size and quantity, and an increased dependency on the oxidation of fatty acids; however, Winder et al. reported in 2002 that despite observing these increased oxidative biochemical adaptations to long-term endurance training (similar to those mentioned above), the AMPK response (activation of AMPK with the onset of exercise) to acute bouts of exercise decreased in red quadriceps (RQ) with training (3 – see Fig.1). Conversely, the study did not observe the same results in white quadriceps (WQ) and soleus (SOL) muscles that they did in RQ. The trained rats used for that endurance study ran on treadmills 5 days/wk in two 1-h sessions, morning and afternoon. The rats were also running up to 31m/min (grade 15%). Finally, following training, the rats were sacrificed either at rest or following 10 minutes of exercise.

Because the AMPK response to exercise decreases with increased training duration, many questions arise that would challenge the AMPK role with respect to biochemical adaptations to exercise and endurance training. This is due in part to the marked increases in the mitochondrial biogenesis, upregulation of GLUT-4, UCP-3, Hexokinase II along with other metabolic and mitochondrial enzymes despite decreases in AMPK activity with training. Questions also arise because skeletal muscle cells which express these decreases in AMPK activity in response to endurance training also seem to be maintaining an oxidative dependent approach to metabolism, which is likewise thought to be regulated to some extent by AMPK activity.

If the AMPK response to exercise is responsible in part for biochemical adaptations to training, how then can these adaptations to training be maintained if the AMPK response to exercise is being attenuated with training? It is hypothesized that these adaptive roles to training are maintained by AMPK activity and that the increases in AMPK activity in response to exercise in trained skeletal muscle have not yet been observed due to biochemical adaptations that the training itself stimulated in the muscle tissue to reduce the metabolic need for AMPK activation. In other words, due to previous adaptations to training, AMPK will not be activated, and further adaptation will not occur, until the intracellular ATP levels become depleted from an even higher intensity energy challenge than prior to those previous adaptations.

See also
 Salicylic acid
 Aspirin
 Salsalate

Notes

References

External links

Protein kinases
EC 2.7.11

AMP-activated protein kinase


Teymur Musayev (en azéri: Teymur Yusif oğlu Musayev ; né le 16 septembre 1970 à Bakou) est un urologue, Ph.D.en médecine, ministre de la Santé de la République d'Azerbaïdjan.

Biographie
Teymur Musaev est né le 16 septembre 1970. En 1987, il est diplômé de l'école secondaire de la ville en 1899.
En 1987-1994, il étudie à l'Université de médecine d'Azerbaïdjan, puis en 2003-2004 à l'Université de Strasbourg et en 2013-2015 - à l'Université de Riga Stradisa.

Carrière
De 2007 à 2015, il est directeur de la clinique Nasreddin Tusi. En 2015-2018, il travaille comme directeur d'un autre hôpital privé, en 2016-2019, il est directeur médical de l'hôtel de Gabala et, en 2019-2020, consultant principal du centre médical.
À partir de 2020, Teymur Musaev travaille comme chef du département organisationnel du Ministère de la Santé d'Azerbaïdjan.
Le 23 avril 2021, le président de la République d'Azerbaïdjan signe un décret portant nomination de Teymur Musaev au poste de premier vice-ministre de la Santé, et un autre arrêté - ministre de la Santé par intérim .

Liens externes

Références

Naissance en septembre 1970

Teymur Musaev


පුර දියවක, යනු චන්ද්‍ර මාසයක පුර පක්‍ෂයේ වන තිථියක් වෙයි.

පුර දියවක යනු සිංහල මාස ක්‍රමයේ දී මාසයේ දෙවන (2) තිථිය යි. එසේම මෙය පුර පෑළවිය තිථියට පසු තිථිය වෙයි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

සිංහල මාස
චන්ද්‍ර මාසයක පුර පක්‍ෂයේ දින

පුර දියවක


Giovanni Battista Pellegrino Alfieri, conte di Cortemiglia (* 15. Januar 1697 in Asti; † 1. April 1763 in Cagliari) war ein General und Vizekönig des Königreiches Sardinien-Piemont. Er war verwandt mit dem Schriftsteller Vittorio Alfieri und mit dem Architekten Benedetto Alfieri.

Leben
Giovanni Battista Alfieri wurde zum Infanterieoffizier ausgebildet. Als Stabsoffizier nahm er mit den Milizregimentern Mondovì und Vercelli am Österreichischen Erbfolgekrieg teil und zeichnete sich bei Ventimiglia aus. 1745 übernahm er den Befehl über die Kräfte im Susatal. 1754 kommandierte er das Linienregiment La Regina, im folgenden Jahr dann das Regiment Fucilieri di Sua Altezza Reale. Alfieri wurde 1757 Generalmajor und 1758 Gouverneur von Cuneo, 1761 Generalleutnant und 1762 Vizekönig von Sardinien. Er starb dort im Jahr 1763 und wurde in der Kathedrale von Cagliari bestattet.

Literatur
Rossana Poddine Rattu: Biografia dei vicerè sabaudi del Regno di Sardegna (1720–1848). Edizioni della Torre, Cagliari 2005. ISBN 88-7343-379-0

Militärperson (Piemont)
Historische Person (Italien)
Vizekönig
General der Frühen Neuzeit
Person im Österreichischen Erbfolgekrieg
Geboren 1697
Gestorben 1763
Mann

Giovanni Battista Alfieri


Zangief, Street Fighter'da SSCB'yi temsil eden karakterdir.

Viktor Zangief, orta yaşlarda SSCB'de komando olarak görevini yapmış bir askerdir. Yaşlandığında sırtında hafif bir kamburu oluşan V. Zangief ordudan erken emekli edilerek Sovyet kızıl ordusundan uzaklaştırılmış, ardından da ABD'de sokak dövüşlerinden para kazanmaya başlamıştır. Saç-sakal tarzı ve vücuduyla dikkat çeker. Ayrıca tüm vücudu yaralarla doludur. Giyim tarzı kırmızı don, ayakkabı ve altın kemerdir. Street Fighter serisinin tüm oyunlarında Zangief'e (Kafkas asıllı profesyonel güreşçi Victor Zangiev -Виктор Зангиев- den esinlenilmiştir.) yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca Street Fighter'da arka planda Çernobil'in resmi ve radyasyonu temsil eden bir bölüm vardır, bu bölüm bir Rus komandosu olan Zangief'le bağdaştırılmıştır.

Zangief'ten türetilen çeşitki Capcom firması türevi farklı oyunlarda karakterin zombi versiyonu Zanguryas ve android robot mekanik versiyonu (Cyclone) Mech Zangief karakterleride mevcuttur.

Street Fighter karakterleri
Erkek video oyunu karakterleri
1991'de tanıtılan video oyunu karakterleri
Akira Yasuda tarafından yaratılan karakterler
Kurgusal SSCB'liler
Kurgusal askerî personel
Kurgusal güreşçiler
İnsanüstü güce sahip video oyunu karakterleri

Zangief


Agrilus integrus é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Curletti & Dutto, em 1999.

Referências

integrus

Agrilus integrus


1921 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

American football
 NFL championship – Chicago Staleys (later renamed the Chicago Bears; 9–1–1)
 Rose Bowl (1920 season):
 The California Golden Bears won 21–0 over the Ohio State Buckeyes to win the college football national championship
 Cornell Big Red – college football national championship
 8 October — the first radio broadcast of a college game takes place between West Virginia and Pittsburgh

Association football
Brazil
Cruzeiro of Belo Horizonte, officially founded on January 2.
England
 The Football League – Burnley 59 points, Manchester City 54, Bolton Wanderers 52, Liverpool 51, Newcastle United 50, Tottenham Hotspur 47
 FA Cup final – Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 Wolverhampton Wanderers at Stamford Bridge, London
 The Football League is expanded by the conversion of the Third Division (founded in 1920) into the Third Division South (D3S: 22 clubs) and the creation of the Third Division North (D3N: 20 clubs).  This brings the total number of League clubs to 86. Existing league clubs in D3N are Stockport County (relegated from the Second Division) and Grimsby Town (transferred from the former Third Division). New league members in D3N are: Accrington Stanley (1921–1961), Ashington (1921–1929), Barrow (1921–1972), Chesterfield, Crewe Alexandra, Darlington, Durham City (1921–1928), Halifax Town, Hartlepool United, Lincoln City, Nelson (1921–1931), Rochdale, Southport (1921–1978), Stalybridge Celtic (1921–1923), Tranmere Rovers, Walsall, Wigan Borough (1921–1931) and Wrexham.
 Apart from Grimsby Town (now in D3N) and Crystal Palace (promoted to the Second Division), all the remaining members of the former Third Division are transferred to D3S.  Two new clubs are elected to this division: Aberdare Athletic (1921–1927) and Charlton Athletic.
Germany
 National Championship – FC Nuremberg 5–0 Berliner FC Vorwärts 1890 at Düsseldorf
Republic of Ireland
 Formation of the Football Association of Ireland (FAI). It applies solely to the Republic of Ireland and is not to be confused with the Irish Football Association (IFA), which is now the organising body for football in Northern Ireland only. The split in Irish football governance is not reflected in other sports such as cricket and rugby union, in which Cricket Ireland and the Irish Rugby Football Union administer both countries.

Athletics
Men's 100 metres
 Charlie Paddock (USA) breaks the world record by running a time of 10.4 at Redlands, California.
Lithuania
  Officially established Lithuanian Athletics Championships.
Monaco
 first Women's Olympiad in Monte Carlo

Australian rules football
 30 June – North Melbourne disbands in an attempt to merge with VFL club Essendon and is disqualified from the rest of the VFA season; the merger is precluded by a veto by the government of Essendon moving to Arden Street.
VFL Premiership
 Richmond wins the 25th VFL Premiership, defeating Carlton 5.6 (36) to 4.8 (32) in the Grand Final
South Australian Football League
 7 May – Glenelg become the SAFL's eighth club when they play their first match against West Adelaide, losing 6.5 (41) to 18.10 (118).
 8 October – Port Adelaide 4.8 (32) defeat Norwood 3.6 (24) for their ninth SAFL premiership.
 Magarey Medal won by Dan Moriarty (South Adelaide), Charlie Adams (Port Adelaide), John Karney (West Torrens) and Walter Scott (Norwood)
West Australian Football League
 1 October – East Perth 5.9 (39) defeats East Fremantle 4.8 (32) to win its third consecutive premiership.
 The inaugural Sandover Medal is won by Tom Outridge, Sr. (Subiaco), and posthumously awarded retrospectively to Cyril Hoft (Perth).

Bandy
Sweden
 Championship final – IK Sirius 5–2 IFK Uppsala (replay following 2–2 draw)

Baseball
World Series
 5–13 October — New York Giants (NL) defeats New York Yankees (AL) to win the 1921 World Series by 5 games to 3
Major League Baseball
  Babe Ruth hits 59 home runs for the New York Yankees, establishing a new single-season record for the third consecutive year
Negro leagues
 The Chicago American Giants win their second consecutive Negro National League pennant

Boxing
Events
 2 July — boxing's first "million dollar gate" occurs when Jack Dempsey meets Georges Carpentier in a "hastily assembled outdoor arena built on a farm in Jersey City, New Jersey".  A crowd of more than 80,000 attends an event billed by its promoter Tex Rickard as the "Battle of the Century". Dempsey wins by a fourth-round knockout in a scheduled 12-round fight which is also special for its radio broadcast.  It is the first-ever broadcast to a "mass audience" with ringside commentary relayed over the new radiophone to hundreds of thousands of people in the northeastern United States.
 Pete "Kid" Herman regains the World Bantamweight Championship but is beaten soon afterwards by new champion Johnny Buff.
Lineal world champions
 World Heavyweight Championship – Jack Dempsey
 World Light Heavyweight Championship – Georges Carpentier
 World Middleweight Championship – Johnny Wilson
 World Welterweight Championship – Jack Britton
 World Lightweight Championship – Benny Leonard
 World Featherweight Championship – Johnny Kilbane
 World Bantamweight Championship – Joe Lynch → Pete "Kid" Herman → Johnny Buff
 World Flyweight Championship – Jimmy Wilde

Canadian football
Grey Cup
  9th Grey Cup in the Canadian Football League – Toronto Argonauts 23–0 Edmonton Eskimos

Cricket
Events
 England tours Australia and becomes the first team to lose every match in a five-match Test series.  In the 1921 English season, Australia emphasises the post-war superiority that it owes, in particular, to the pace duo of Jack Gregory and Ted McDonald. Having won 5–0 in Australia the previous winter, the Australians win the first three Tests of the 1921 tour and then draw the last two.
England
 County Championship – Middlesex
 Minor Counties Championship – Staffordshire
 Most runs – Phil Mead 3179 @ 69.10 (HS 280*)
 Most wickets – Alec Kennedy 186 @ 21.55 (BB 8–11)
 Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Hubert Ashton, Jack Bryan, Jack Gregory, Charlie Macartney, Ted McDonald
Australia
 Sheffield Shield – New South Wales
 Most runs – Patsy Hendren 1178 @ 62.00 (HS 271)
 Most wickets – Arthur Mailey 81 @ 22.53 (BB 9–121)
India
 Bombay Quadrangular – Hindus and Parsees (shared)
New Zealand
 Plunket Shield – Wellington
South Africa
 Currie Cup – not contested
West Indies
 Inter-Colonial Tournament – unfinished

Cycling
Tour de France
 Léon Scieur (Belgium) wins the 15th Tour de France
Giro d'Italia
 Giovanni Brunero of Legnano wins the ninth Giro d'Italia

Figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships
 The championships are not held in 1921

Golf
Major tournaments
 Open Championship – Jock Hutchison
 US Open – Jim Barnes
 USPGA Championship – Walter Hagen
Other tournaments
 British Amateur – Willie Hunter
 US Amateur – Jesse Guilford

Horse racing
England
 Grand National – Shaun Spadah
 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Bettina
 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Craig an Eran
 The Derby – Humorist
 The Oaks – Love in Idleness
 St. Leger Stakes – Polemarch
Australia
 Melbourne Cup – Sister Olive
Canada
 King's Plate – Herendesy
France
 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Ksar
Ireland
 Irish Grand National – Bohernore
 Irish Derby Stakes – Ballyheron
USA
 Kentucky Derby – Behave Yourself
 Preakness Stakes – Broomspun
 Belmont Stakes – Grey Lag

Ice hockey
Stanley Cup
 Ottawa Senators defeats Toronto St. Patricks to win the NHL championship.
 Vancouver Millionaires defeats Seattle Metropolitans in a two–game total–goal series 1–3, 6–0 (7–3) to win the PCHA championship.
 21 March – 4 April — Ottawa Senators defeats Vancouver Millionaires in the 1921 Stanley Cup Finals by 3 games to 2

Motorsport

Multi-sport events
Far Eastern Championship Games
 Fifth Far Eastern Championship Games held in Shanghai.

Women's World Games
 The 1921 Women's Olympiad begins in Monte Carlo, first international women's sports event

Rowing
The Boat Race
 30 March — Cambridge wins the 73rd Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race

Rugby league
England
 Championship – Hull
 Challenge Cup final – Leigh 13–0 Halifax at Wheater's Field, Broughton
 Lancashire League Championship – Wigan
 Yorkshire League Championship – Halifax
 Lancashire County Cup – Broughton Rangers 6–3 Leigh
 Yorkshire County Cup – Hull Kingston Rovers 2–0 Hull
Australia
 NSW Premiership – North Sydney (outright winner)

Rugby union
Five Nations Championship
 34th Five Nations Championship series is won by England who complete the Grand Slam

Shooting
Germany
National championship won by Mr. Janich firing an Ortgies semi-automatic pistol.

Speed skating
Speed Skating World Championships
 not contested

Tennis
Australia
 Australian Men's Singles Championship – Rhys Gemmell (Australia) defeats Alf Hedeman (Australia) 7–5 6–1 6–4
England
 Wimbledon Men's Singles Championship – Bill Tilden (USA) defeats Brian Norton (South Africa) 4–6 2–6 6–1 6–0 7–5
 Wimbledon Women's Singles Championship – Suzanne Lenglen (France) defeats Elizabeth Ryan (USA) 6–2, 6–0
France
 French Men's Singles Championship – Jean Samazeuilh (France) defeats André Gobert (France) 6–3 6–3 2–6 7–5
 French Women's Singles Championship – Suzanne Lenglen (France) defeats Germaine Golding (France) by a walkover
USA
 American Men's Singles Championship – Bill Tilden (USA) defeats Bill Johnston (USA) 6–1 1–6 7–5 5–7 6–3
 American Women's Singles Championship – Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (Norway) defeats Mary Browne (USA) 4–6 6–4 6–2
Davis Cup
 1921 International Lawn Tennis Challenge –  5–0  at West Side Tennis Club (grass) New York City, United States

Notes
Awarded retrospectively by the SANFL in 1998.
By Westar Rules in 1997.

References

Sports by year

1921 in sports


Dette er en liste over operaer af Joseph Haydn.

Værkfortegnelser (klassisk musik)

Operaer af Joseph Haydn


Jesper Højer, født 1978, er en dansk erhversleder, der i februar 2017 blev udnævnt til global administrerende direktør for Lidl.

Højer har haft ledende stillinger indenfor Lidl siden 2003, dels i indkøbsfunktioner, dels som chef for Lidls aktiviteter i Belgien. Hans tiltræden som øverste chef sker efter intern uenighed mellem koncernens bestyrelsesformand Klaus Gehrig og Højers forgænger, Sven Seidel.

Henvisninger

Erhvervsfolk fra Danmark
Erhvervsfolk fra Danmark med international karriere

Jesper Højer


Ania Škrobonja (Rijeka, 9. kolovoza 1970.), poznata pod umjetničkim imenom Skani,  hrvatska je slikarica, kulturologinja i dizajnerica interijera. Za dugogodišnje humanitarno djelovanje, doprinos kulturi i edukaciju građana treće životne dobi nagrađena je Zlatnom plaketom Grb Grada Rijeke u 2022. godini.

Po struci je dizajnerica interijera i kulturologinja. Na njen izričaj utjecali su Nevenka Žiger, kustosica Muzeja moderne i suvremene umjetnosti u Rijeci, prof. Roberto Ascolese, maestro Ezio Farinelli i Pietro Piccoli. Tehniku kolaž-akvarela osmislila je tijekom studijskih putovanja Floridom i Aljaskom 1996. godine gdje je proučavala kulturu i umjetnost indijanskog plemena Tsimshian.  Za radove u toj tehnici 2002. godine dobila je nagradu predsjednika Talijanske Republike Carla Azeglija Ciampija na IX. međunarodnoj izložbi Europart i prvu nagradu Capitolium u Rimu. Njeni se radovi nalaze u privatnim i javnim zbirkama, muzejima, galerijama Europe, Australije i Amerike.U Rijeci od 2018. godine vodi SKANI kreativni centar 50+ u kojem poučava slikanju osobe treće životne dobi. Razvila je metode slikanja koje omogućuju bavljenje slikarstvom svima koji su slabovidni, imaju ablaciju retine, tremor, artritis i druge zdravstvene tegobe.

Samostalne i grupne izložbe

Izlagala je u
 Hrvatskoj (Biograd na Moru, Buje, Dubrovnik, Fažana, Gajnice, Grožnjan, Ilok, Kastav, Kostrena, Krasica, Lovran, Novigrad, Rijeka, Rovinj, Selce, Sv. Filip i Jakov, Vodnjan, Volosko, Zagreb, Žminj)
 Sloveniji (Piran, Semič)
 Italiji (Albano, Bari, Bologna, Brindisi, Cordignano, Foggia, Lecce, Manziana, Padova, Palinuro, Pisa, Rim, San Giovanni Reatino, San Quirino, San Valentino Torio, Taranto, Terminillo, Tricesimo, Trst, Valmontone, Venecija) te u
 Amsterdamu, Beču, Berlinu, Bruxellesu, Dublinu, Ibizi, Lisabonu, Londonu, Monte Carlu, Parizu.

Nagrade

 1995. Nagrada za dizajn namještaja, Ambienta, Zagreb
 2001. i 2004. Posebna nagrada žirija publike na Međunarodnom natjecanju slikara Mandrać, Volosko
 2002. Nagrada predsjednika Republike Italije na IX. međunarodnoj izložbi Europart, Rim
 2002. Nagrada grada Valmontone
 2002. Prva nagrada Capitolium, Rim
 2002., 2003. Posebna pohvala na grupnoj izložbi Itart, Pisa
 2002. Ex tempore i grupna izložba, posebno priznanje, Selce
 2002. Prva nagrada grada San Valentino Torio, Salerno
 2002. Ex tempore  Vele e Colori di Barcola, 15. mjesto, Trst
 2002. Nagrada ex aequo na 13. slikarskom natječaju Piero della Valentina, Cordignano
 2003., 2004. i 2005. Međunarodni likovni natječaj Oleum Olivarum, otkupna nagrada, Krasica
 2003. Plaketa Capitolium, Rim
 2003. jedanaesto mjesto na Međunarodnom natjecanju u slikarstvu, Galerija Poliedro, Trst
 2003. četvrto mjesto na XIII. natječaju u novim tehnikama u slikarstvu,  Manziana
 2004. Međunarodni slikarski Ex tempore Piran, otkupna nagrada
 2004. Otkupna nagrada i 2. mjesto na natjecanju u akvarelu Pro Loco Cordignano
 2005. Trofej Capitolium, Rim
 2005. Nagrada Zaklade Federico II Hohenstaufen, Bari
 2008. Nagrada ocjenjivačkog suda na 23. Međunarodnom natjecanju slikara Mandrać, Volosko
 2008. Nagrada Galerije Poliedro za mali format, Trst
 2010. Edigio Gasparini, Erica Medanić – Annuario d'arte moderna ACCA in arte, Italija
 2012. Tomo Gerić – likovna kritika i otvorenje izložbe, Gallery Tim, Rijeka, Hrvatska
 2013. Mirna Sišul – Annuario d'arte moderna ACCA in arte, Italija
 2015. Željko Jančić Zec – likovna kritika – "Freedom, Udine, Italija.

 Humanitarni rad

Uz volontiranje tijekom karantene zbog korone iz humanitarnog djelovanja gospođe Škrobonja može se, između ostalog, izdvojiti njezin angažman u Bedemu ljubavi (Pokret majki za mir), 1991. - 1992. godine, organiziranju humanitarnih aukcija međunarodne organizacije Rotary za pomoć djeci s Downovim sindromom 2007., za akciju Korak u život 2008. za stipendije djece bez roditelja ili odgovarajuće roditeljske skrbi, za Centar za rehabilitaciju Rijeka 2009. te 2012. za potrebite građane Liburnije.Donacija humanitarnoj akciji prof. Bože Mimice i Marka Božića za štićenice Caritasova doma Sveta Ana.Godine 2009. povodom dana volontera dodijeljena joj je zahvalnica Zaklade sveučilišta u Rijeci za rad s djecom oštećena vida, Osnovna škola Pećine, i sudjelovanje u izradi taktilne slikovnice.U sklopu projekta Zaklade sveučilišta u Rijeci 2010. godine radila je s korisnicima prihvatilišta za beskućnike Ruža sv. Franje u Rijeci.Godine 2011. u sklopu međunarodnog, EU projekta Comenius birds za talijansku manjinu drži predavanje na temu multikulturalnosti u Osnovnoj školi Dolac. Iduće godine predaje o temi masovna proizvodnja u sklopu projekta Sajam dobrote namijenjenog dječjoj onkologiji na Kantridi.Sudjeluje u projektu Rijeka zdravi grad Odjela gradske uprave za zdravstvo i socijalnu skrb grada Rijeke 2012. radeći s djecom Osnovne škole Ivan Zajc. Volontira pri Matici umirovljenika grada Rijeke na kreativnim radionicama Korak po korak'' od 2015. do 2018.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Dokumentarni film Ania, YouTube
 Kako nastajemo, YouTube
 Izložba Skani 3000, YouYube

Slikarstvo
Hrvatski likovni umjetnici

Skani


Hilda Beemer Kuper (nascida Beemer; 23 de agosto de 1911 – 23 de abril de 1992) foi uma antropóloga que realizou um extenso trabalho sobre a cultura suazi.

Vida
Nascida de pais judeus lituanos e judeus austríacos em Bulawayo, Rodésia do Sul, Kuper mudou-se para a África do Sul após a morte de seu pai. Ela estudou na Universidade de Witwatersrand e, posteriormente, na London School of Economics com Malinowski.

Kuper casou-se com Leo Kuper em 1936. Eles tiveram duas filhas, Mary e Jenny. Seu sobrinho, Adam Kuper, também é antropólogo.

Em 1961, os Kupers se mudaram para Los Angeles, para escapar do assédio dos liberais que prevalecia cada vez mais na África do Sul do apartheid, e para permitir que Leo aceitasse uma cátedra de sociologia na UCLA. Em 1963, Kuper publicou The Swazi: a South African Kingdom e foi nomeada professora de antropologia na UCLA. Em 1969 ganhou uma bolsa Guggenheim.

Realizações
Em 1934, Kuper ganhou uma bolsa do International African Institute para estudar na Suazilândia. Em julho daquele ano, durante uma conferência de educação em Joanesburgo, ela conheceu Sobhuza II, chefe supremo e mais tarde rei da Suazilândia. Com a ajuda de Sobhuza e Malinowski, Kuper mudou-se para a aldeia real de Lobamba e foi apresentado à mãe de Sobhuza, a rainha-mãe Lomawa. Aqui Kuper aprendeu siSwati e continuou seu trabalho de campo. Esta fase das pesquisas de Kuper sobre a cultura Swazi culminou na dissertação de duas partes, An African Aristocracy: Rank between Swazi (1947) e The Uniform of Colour: a Study of White-Black Relationships in Swaziland (1947).

No início dos anos 1950, Kuper mudou-se para Durban. Nessa década, concentrou seus estudos na comunidade indígena da região de Natal, sintetizada em Indian People in Natal (1960). Em 1953, Kuper recebeu uma cátedra sênior na Universidade de Natal em Durban. Além de seu trabalho acadêmico, junto com seu marido, Leo Kuper, ajudou a fundar o Partido Liberal em Natal

Em 1978, Kuper publicou uma extensa biografia oficial de Sobhuza II, Rei Sobhuza II, Ngwenyama e Rei da Suazilândia.

Prêmios

Escritos

em português

 Um ritual de realeza entre os suazi. In: Cavalcanti, Maria Laura. (org). Ritual e Performance: 4 estudos clássicos. Rio de Janeiro: 7 Letras, 2015. ISBN 978-85-421-0267-3
 Uma aristocracia africana. In: Castro, Celso. (org). Além do cânone: para ampliar e diversificar as ciências sociais. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 2022. ISBN 9786556521206

Notas
 Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido do artigo da Wikipédia em inglês, cujo título é «Hilda Kuper».

Nascidos em 1911
Antropólogas
Mortos em 1992
Alunos da London School of Economics
Professores da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles
Cultura de Essuatíni
Antropólogos da África do Sul

Hilda Kuper


An Chlorospatha luteynii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Bernard Croat ngan L.P.Hannon. An Chlorospatha luteynii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Chlorospatha, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Chlorospatha

Chlorospatha luteynii


Taubermühle ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Wettringen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Die Einöde liegt an der Tauber südwestlich am Fuße einer Erhebung der Schillingsfürst-Wettringer Hardt, die Teil der Frankenhöhe ist. Die bewaldete Erhebung heißt Großes Ramholz. Ein Anliegerweg führt zu einer Gemeindeverbindungsstraße (0,7 km südwestlich), die nach Reichenbach (0,4 km nördlich) bzw. zur Staatsstraße 2247 bei Wettringen (1,2 km südlich) verläuft.

Geschichte
Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Taubermühle dem Steuerdistrikt und Ruralgemeinde Wettringen zugewiesen.

Baudenkmal
 Ehemalige Mühle, stattlicher Mansarddachbau, Fachwerkobergeschoss, 1803.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Peter und Paul (Wettringen) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Laurentius (Bellershausen) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Wettringen, Mittelfranken)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Einzelsiedlung
Ort an der Tauber

Taubermühle (Wettringen)


"Os Aristocratas" é uma piada imprópria que relata a história de uma família tentando fazer com que um agente reserve seu ato no palco, que se revela notavelmente vulgar e ofensivo por natureza, com o punchline revelando que eles se autodenominam incongruentemente como "Os Aristocratas". Quando contada para o público que conhece a piada, o humor da piada depende da ousadia descrita do ato familiar.

Como o objetivo da piada é seu conteúdo transgressor, ela é mais frequentemente contada em particular, como de um comediante para outro. Ele chamou a atenção do público mais amplo quando foi contado por Gilbert Gottfried durante o roast do Friars' Club de Hugh Hefner, aparentemente como punição para a multidão por sua reação a uma piada do 11 de setembro apenas 18 dias após os ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001. Foi o tema de um documentário de 2005 homônimo de Paul Provenza e Penn Jillette.

Piadas

Os Aristocratas


Olaylar
 İspanyol İmparatorluğu bünyesinde, tüm İspanyol keşifleri ve sömürgelerine dair faaliyetleri kontrol eden bir devlet kurumu olan Casa de Contratación kuruldu.
 Feodal Alman beylerinin savaşı olan Bavyera Savaşı başladı.
 Oruç Bey, Osmanlı tarihini konu edinen Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman adlı eserini tamamladı.
 Leonardo da Vinci, 1503 veya 1504 yılında Mona Lisa tablosuna başladı.

Doğumlar
 2 Şubat - Katherine Tudor, VII. Henry ve Yorklu Elizabeth'in son çocuğu (ö. 1503])
 10 Mart - I. Ferdinand, Habsburg Hanedanı'ndan olan Kutsal Roma Cermen İmparatoru (ö. 1564)
 12 Ağustos - III. Christian, Danimarka ve Norveç kralı (ö. 1559)
 17 Kasım - Agnolo Bronzino, İtalyan maniyerist üslubunda yağlı boya resim üzerinde çalışmalar yapmış ressam (ö. 1572)
 14 Aralık - Nostradamus, Fransız hekim, eczacı, kâhin ve astrolog (ö. 1566)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Sir Thomas Wyatt, İngiliz diplomat ve lirik şair (ö. 1542)

Ölümler
 2 Şubat - Katherine Tudor, VII. Henry ve Yorklu Elizabeth'in son çocuğu (d. 1503])
 11 Şubat - Yorklu Elizabeth, VII. Henry'nin karısı, VIII. Henry'nin annesi, IV. Edward'ın kızı, III. Richard'ın yeğeni ve V. Edward'ın kızkardeşi (d. 1466)
 Şubat - Efdalzade Hamîdüddin Efendi, Osmanlı şeyhülislamı
 7 Nisan - Zoi Palaiologina, Paleologos Hanedanı ailesi üyesi Bizans prensesi, III. İvan'ın karısı (d. 1455)
 30 Haziran - Pierre d'Aubusson, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun hararetli düşmanı ve Cem Sultan'ı Anadolu dan kaçırıp Rodos'a götüren bir Rodos şövalyesi (d. 1423)
 18 Ağustos - VI. Alexander, papa (d. 1431)
 18 Ekim - III. Pius, papa (d. y. 1439)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Hamdullah Hamdi, Türk divan şairi, mutasavvıf (ö. 1449)
 Nur Devlet Giray, Kırım Hanı
 Şehzade Alemşah, II. Bayezid'in oğlu, Yavuz Sultan Selim'in kardeşi, Osmanlı şehzadesi

1503


Lactarius argillaceifolius es una especie de hongo de la familia de setas Russulaceae. Las setas producidas por el hongo poseen un "sombrero" (píleo) convexo achatado de color Lila que mide hasta 18 cm de ancho. Las laminillas de color crema están dispuestas bien próximas unas del otras y se extienden ligeramente hacia abajo de la longitud del tallo, que llega a 9 cm de largo y 3,5 cm de espesor. El hongo produce un látex lechoso cuando está dañado que mancha de marrón la superficie con que entra en contacto.

La especie se encuentra en el este de América del Norte, con un rango que se extiende desde Canadá hasta el noreste de México. También se encuentra en plantaciones de pino en Brasil, donde es probable que sea una especie introducida artificialmente. Lactarius trivialis es un hongo europeo que es similar en apariencia. Además de su distribución, se pueden distinguir de L. argillaceifolius por las diferencias de hábitat preferidos y las diferencias de color de las laminillas, sombrero y látex. La variedad L. argillaceifolius var. megacarpus, una forma de mayor tamaño con sombreros de hasta 27 cm, ocurre sobre los pinos Quercus agrifolia y Lithocarpus densiflorus en la costa del Pacífico de los Estados Unidos y del estado mexicano de Baja California. La variedad dissimilis, descrita basado en una único espécimen de Carolina del Sur, se diferencia de la forma principal por la estructura microscópica de la capa externa del sombrero.

Taxonomía y clasificación
La especie Lactarius argillaceifolius fue descrita por primera vez en 1979, por los micólogos estadounidenses Lexemuel Ray Hesler y Alexander H. Smith en su monografía sobre las especies de Lactarius encontrada en Estados Unidos. El espécimen tipo - recogido por Smith en Oak Grove, en el condado de Livingston, Míchigan, en julio de 1972 - está guardado en el herbario de la Universidad de Míchigan. Hesler y Smith publicaron simultáneamente las variedades dissimilis y megacarpus, recolectadas en los estados de Carolina del Sur y California, respectivamente. La variedad megacarpus es comúnmente conocido como " sombrero de enfermera vulgar".

Smith y L. Hesler clasificaron L. argillaceifolius en el subgénero Tristes, en la cepa Argillaceifolius. Esta agrupación de especies relacionadas, que incluye L. fumeacolor, se caracteriza por una capa gelatinosa en el tronco.

Descripción

El píleo o sombrero de L. argillaceifolius mide de 4 a 18 cm de ancho. Es convexo cerca de los extremos y se hunde en el centro formando una depresión. Su borde se enrolla hacia dentro, pudiendo permanecer así hasta la madurez. La superficie del sombrero está cubierta inicialmente por una vellosidad fina y suave, pero después se vuelve lisa; es viscosa y pegajosa cuando se moja. Al inicio del desarrollo de la seta la orilla del sombrero tiene un tono de lila a marrón, tornándose después de lila oscuro a ceniza pálido y, finalmente, bronce claro o color ante rosado en el centro. Las láminas están unidas a ligeramentederivadas (que se extiende justo debajo de la longitud del tallo) largas y dispuestas estrechamente próximas una de las otras. Sondecolorcrema, cuando son jóvenes, y más tarde desarrollan color rosado cerca del borde. de color crema. En la madurezse mancha con un tono naranja-marrón. El color se mancha de marrón amarillento a castaño oliva, y marrón oscuro cuando se machuca.

La estipe o tallo de la seta mide de 6 a 9 cm de longitud y de 1,5 a 3,5 cm de ancho, y puede cilíndrico o ser más delgado en la parte inferior. Su superficie puede ser viscosa o seca, dependiendo de la humedad en el ambiente. Es blanquecina, pero con el paso de tiempo se va manchando de máculas color castaño. La carne es firme y de color blanco a amarillo claro. No tiene olor característico, pero su sabor es suave y un poco acre. El látex, sustancia de aspecto lechoso producida por la seta, es blanco crema al ser liberado, y mancha las láminas con las cuales entra en contacto con un tono marrón cenizo, marrón oscuro o marrón oliva. La impresión de esporas (una técnica utilizada en la identificación de hongos) tiene un tono de color ante rosado. La comestibilidad de L. argillaceifolius es desconocida. La superficie del sombrero se vuelve amarilla a naranja cuando se aplica una gota de hidróxido de potasio diluido sobre él.

Características microscópicas

Las esporas son más o menos esféricas o elipsoidales y miden de 7 a 11 µm por 7 a 8 µm. Están adornadas con verrugas y crestas que a veces forman un retículo parcial (un patrón de crestas entrelazadas) de hasta 1 µm de altura. Las esporas son diáfanas y amiloides, es decir, absorben el yodo cuando son teñidas con reactivo de Melzer. La cutícula del sombrero de especímenes jóvenes está hecha de un tejido llamado ixotricoderma que contiene hifas gelatinizadas de diferentes tamaños y más o menos paralelas entre sí. Conforme madura la seta la cutícula del sombrero se vuelve gradualmente un ixoentramado, que se caracteriza por sus hifas ramificadas, enredadas y gelatinosas. Los basidios (las células portadoras de esporas) poseen cuatro esporas y miden 45 a 52 µm por 9 a 10,5 µm. Los cistidios (células estériles destinadas a facilitar la liberación de las esporas) pueden estar sobre la cara de las láminas (pleurocistidios) o en el borde de las láminas (queilocistidios). Los pleurocistidios son abundantes y relativamente largos, de 60 a 140 µm de longitud por 6 a 14 µm de espesor. Los queilocistidios miden solo de 32 a 67 µm por 6 a 9 µm.

Variedades
Lactarius argillaceifolius var. dissimilis, una variedad reportada en Carolina del Sur, es casi idéntica en apariencia, pero tiene un látex blanco, con sabor amargo y luego, agrio. La estructura de la cutícula del sombrero difiere de la variedad común, en el cual hay incrustaciones dextrinoides (coloración de color amarillento o rojizo-marrón con el reactivo de Melzer) en las hifas. La variedad megacarpus tiene un sombrero más grande (de hasta 27 cm de ancho, y la carne con un máximo de 3 cm de espesor), y un látex blanco e inmutable con un sabor amargo. Las medidas de su vástago varían de 16 a 20 cm de largo por 4 a 5 cm de ancho en la parte superior. Microscópicamente, las esporas de la variedad megacarpus son más reticulados que los de la variedad común.

Especies similares

Lactarius trivialis es una especie europea que es similar en apariencia a L. argillaceifolius, y que suelen confundirse entre sí. L. trivialis puede ser distinguida por láminas que se manchan de color marrón cuando se expone al látex y una preferencia para crecer en bosques subalpinos y boreales, ricos en coníferas y bétulas. La variedad megacarpus puede ser confundida con L. pallescens, una especie más pequeña, de color más pálido, cuyo látex mancha las láminas de color lila en vez de marrón.

Ecología, hábitat y distribución
Al igual que todas las especies del género Lactarius, L. argillaceifolius forma micorrizas, una asociación simbiótica simbiótica de beneficio mutuo con varias especies de plantas. Las ectomicorrizas garantizan a las setas compuestos orgánicos importantes para su supervivencia proveniente de la fotosíntesis de las plantas; a su vez, la planta se ve beneficiada por un aumento de la absorción de agua y nutrientes gracias a las hifas del hongo. La existencia de esta relación es un requisito fundamental para la supervivencia y el crecimiento adecuado de ciertas especies de árboles, como las del género Pinus.

Los cuerpos fructíferos de L. argillaceifolius crecen en el suelo o dispersos en grupos bajo grandes árboles del dosel, sobre todo roble, entre los meses de julio y octubre. Muchas veces, es una de las primeras setas de micorrizas a la fruta en los bosques dominadas por robles y nogales. Los cuerpos fructíferos tiene un desarrollo lento y son de larga duración. La especie se encuentra desde el este de Canadá el sur de Florida y oeste de Minnesota y Texas. Es común en el noreste de México. La seta también ha sido reportada en la región Sur de Brasil, en el estado de Santa Catarina, que crece en asociación con plantaciones de pino (Pinus elliottii), donde probablemente fue introducida a través de mudas de pino traídas por los colonos. Especímenes de L. argillaceifolius var. megacarpus fueron recogidos en Baja California, California, Oregón y Washington, donde crecen en asociación con Quercus agrifolia y Lithocarpus densiflorus.

Véase también
 Lista de especies de Lactarius

Notas

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Fotos de Lactarius argillaceifolius en el Mushroom Observer

Hongos comestibles
argillaceifolius
Hongos de América del Norte
Hongos descritos en 1979

Lactarius argillaceifolius


Sciences et techniques
 Trigona est le plus grand genre d'abeilles sans dard, uniquement présent en Amérique.
 Le mot trigona, nominatif féminin singulier d'un adjectif latin signifiant « triangulaire », est employé comme épithète spécifique pour nommer diverses espèces de plantes. Pour les articles consacrés à de telles espèces, consulter la liste générée automatiquement.

Patronyme

  (1950-), un homme politique et diplomate maltais ;
 Gaetano Trigona e Parisi (1767-1837), un cardinal italien ;
 la , une famille noble sicilienne d'origine souabe.

Épithète spécifique

Trigona (homonymie)


Metagnomia (sau criptestezia) (din  este capacitatea de cunoaștere a unor elemente considerate imposibil de cunoscut prin intermediul experienței sau a simțurilor comune: întâmplări ascunse din trecut sau din viitor, întâmplări care se desfășoară în prezent într-un alt loc, gânduri ale altora etc. Ea cuprinde astfel diverse fenomene parapsihologice precum prevestirea, clarviziunea, retroviziunea, telepatia și altele.

Origine și definiție
Cuvântul a fost creat de Émile Boirac din rădăcinile grecești μέτα ("după", "dincolo de") și γνώσή (cunoaștere), având sensul "dincolo de cunoaștere" sau, tradus în mod liber, "cunoaștere supranormală". Acest cuvânt a dat naștere în limba franceză la două cuvinte derivate: "métagnome": cel care este înzestrat cu această capacitate și "métagnomique": care se referă la această capacitate.

În opinia scriitorului specializat în parapsihologie Robert Amadou, acest cuvânt ar trebui înlocuit cu termenul mai potrivit de "metagnozie" (în ).

Note

Parapsihologie
Paranormal
Pseudoștiință

Metagnomie


Potok este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Rimavská Sobota din regiunea Banská Bystrica. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 30 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Hrušovo.

Istoric
Localitatea Potok este atestată documentar din 1323.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Potok, Rimavská Sobota


سجن قفقفا هو أحد السجون الأردنية، يقع في حلت الغتص منطقة جرش على بعد 47 كلم شمال العاصمة عمان.
 شهد أكثر من مرة تحركات احتجاجية من قبل السجناء من بينها ما وقع في شهر مارس/آذار وأفريل/نيسان 2006 والتي نتج عنها سقوط قتيل، وأحداث أبريل/نيسان 2008 التي ما لبثت أن امتدت إلى سجن الموقر وسجن سواقة.
 هو السجن الذي حول إليه الأسرى الأردنيون الأربعة الذين خرجوا من السجون الإسرائيلية، وهم سلطان العجلوني وخالد أبو غليون وسالم أبو غليون وأمين الصانع.

سجون الأردن

سجن قفقفا


معبد بن وهب صحابي من بني عبد القيس، يقال شهد غزوة بدر بسيفين، ولم يذكره ابن إسحاق فيمن شهد الغزوة من المسلمين. وهو زوج هريرة بنت زمعة أخت أم المؤمنين سودة بنت زمعة.

المراجع

صحابة
أعلام بني ربيعة

معبد بن وهب


Faareavl og Rævestutteri er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1939, der er instrueret af Jette Bang.

Handling
Fåreavlerstation ved Julianehåb. Fåreholders hus ved Erik den Rødes gamle boplads. Høns. Køer. Blårævefarm ved Godthåb.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1939
Film om Grønland
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Faareavl og Rævestutteri