Lionel Charles Robbins, Baron Robbins,  (22 November 1898 – 15 May 1984) was a British economist, and prominent member of the economics department at the London School of Economics (LSE). He is known for his leadership at LSE, his proposed definition of economics, and for his instrumental efforts in shifting Anglo-Saxon economics from its Marshallian direction. He is famous for the quote, "Humans want what they can't have."

Early life
Robbins was born in Sipson, west of London, the son of Rowland Richard Robbins (1872–1960), known as Dick, and his wife Rosa Marion Harris; his father was a farmer, a member of Middlesex County Council involved also in the National Farmers' Union, and the family was Strict Baptist. His sister Caroline became a noted Professor of History at Bryn Mawr College.

Robbins was educated at home, at Hounslow College (a preparatory school) and at Southall County School.  He went to University College London in October 1915, beginning an Arts degree and attending lectures by W. P. Ker, the medievalist Francis Charles Montague, and A. F. Pollard. Wishing to serve in World War I, he began training in early 1916 at Topsham, Devon.  He was in the Royal Field Artillery as an officer from August 1916 to 1918, when he was wounded by a sniper on 12 April in the Battle of the Lys and returned home with the rank of lieutenant.

During the war Robbins became interested in guild socialism, reading in G. D. H. Cole and by personal contact with Reginald Lawson, a connection from the Harris side of the family. Through Clive Gardiner, an artist commissioned by Dick Robbins in 1917 to paint his son's portrait, Robbins met first Alfred George Gardiner, Clive's father, and then his ally the activist James Joseph Mallon. After his convalescence and 1919 demobilisation from the army, Robbins was employed for about a year by the Labour Campaign for the Nationalization of the Drink Trade, a position found with Mallon's help. The campaign was an offshoot of the State Management Scheme set up during the war, and Robbins worked in Mecklenburgh Square, London for Mallon and Arthur Greenwood.

In 1920, Robbins resumed studies at the London School of Economics (LSE), where he was taught by Harold Laski, Edwin Cannan and Hugh Dalton. He graduated B.Sc. (Econ) in 1923 with first class honours. Dalton's biographer Ben Pimlott wrote that Robbins was the "most promising student of his generation at the L.S.E."

Academic
After graduation, Robbins found a six-month position as a researcher for William Beveridge, via Dalton. He had applied successfully to New College, Oxford for a fellowship in economics, with references from Alfred George Gardiner (shortly to be his father-in-law), Theodore Gregory and Graham Wallas. It was a one-year lecturing position, and he returned to LSE in 1925, again with Dalton's backing, as assistant lecturer, shortly becoming lecturer.

In 1927, Robbins returned to New College as a Fellow, but continued to teach at LSE, lecturing on a weekly basis. After the death in 1929 of Allyn Abbott Young, Professor of Economics at LSE, Robbins replaced him in the chair, and moved with his wife to Hampstead Garden Suburb. During the 1930s he built up the economics department, hiring Friedrich von Hayek, John Hicks and Nicholas Kaldor.

Contra Keynes
Robbins clashed with John Maynard Keynes in early October 1930, on the Committee of Economists of the Second MacDonald ministry. It was a small working group chaired by Keynes, apart from the Economic Advisory Council, to consider economic policy in the Great Depression conditions, comprising also Hubert Henderson and Josiah Stamp from the council, with Arthur Cecil Pigou and Robbins representing academia.

Robbins refused to sign a draft by Keynes of proposals including tariffs and wanted the chance to submit a minority report. Keynes as chair would not grant the request, given that Robbins was in a minority of one. Robbins, who had compared the protectionist views to those of Lord Rothermere and Lord Beaverbrook, walked out of a meeting, and briefed Philip Snowden against the report that contained a version of his criticism, considered himself poorly treated. Bad feeling persisted for years between LSE and Cambridge economists.

Initially, Robbins was opposed to Keynes's 1936 General Theory. His own 1934 treatise on the Great Depression is an analysis belonging to that period of his thought. Later, he accepted the need for government intervention.

World War II period
Robbins joined the British government's Central Economic Information Service in summer 1940, from Cambridge to where the LSE had moved. The Service was split into the Central Statistical Office and the Economic Section, which Robbins headed as Director from September 1941. The points system devised in 1941 for rationing of clothing, footwear and household goods, by Robbins with Peggy Joseph and James Meade, is considered a successful policy.

From 1942 Robbins worked largely on planning for post-war reconstruction, with Meade. When John Boyd Orr and Frank Lidgett McDougall successfully lobbied to put food security on the agenda of the United Nations, Robbins attended the resulting 1943 conference at Hot Springs, Virginia. He represented the United Kingdom also at the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 and took part in the negotiation of the 1946 Anglo-American loan. Over this period, he became fully reconciled with John Maynard Keynes.

Post-war, Robbins wrote:

I grew up in a tradition in which, while recognition was indeed given to the problems created by the ups and downs of the trade cycle and the fluctuations of aggregate demand, there was a tendency to ignore certain deep-seated possibilities of disharmony, in a way which, I now think, led sometimes to superficiality and sometimes to positive error. I owe much to Cambridge economists, particularly to Lord Keynes and Professor Robertson, for having awakened me from dogmatic slumbers in this very important respect.

Later life
The Robbins Report of 1963 advocated substantial expansion of higher education in the United Kingdom, taking the line, often called now the "Robbins principle", that demand from those suitably qualified should drive its development. There was background at the LSE for the view taken, in work of Richard Layard and Claus Moser, and it drew also on recent ideas of Jean Floud and A. H. Halsey. Robbins became the first Chancellor of the new University of Stirling in 1968. He also advocated major government support for the arts, as well as universities.

In later life, Robbins turned to the history of economic thought, publishing studies on English doctrinal history. His LSE lectures, as he gave them in 1980, were later published.

Views
Robbins is noted as a free market economist, and for his definition of economics.

Influences
As an undergraduate, Robbins felt he had gained much from Philip Wicksteed's The Common Sense of Political Economy (1910). Within the earlier British tradition, he admired William Stanley Jevons's mastery of statistical evidence, and for theory which he thought had abiding relevance. Skidelsky takes Robbins to be a possible but in any case rare example of a British continuator of John Neville Keynes and his Scope and Method of Political Economy (1891). He corresponded with the American Frank Knight from 1931 until Knight's death in 1972.

An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (1932)

The definition appears in the Essay by Robbins as:

Economics is the science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.

After contention in the 1930s, this definition reached some general acceptance among economists. The book has six chapters, and the second half remains controversial.

The Essay was influenced by Nathan Isaacs, a close friend from the army, and a paper he had given to the Aristotelian Society in June 1931. The same month, Robbins sent Isaacs a copy of his inaugural lecture, commenting (in relation to business cycles) that its content was out of date through not taking account of work of the Austrians Friedrich Hayek  and Ludwig von Mises. Hayek's cycle theory, and Jacob Viner's work on the balance of payments for Canada, both developments of the 1920s, were used as contrasting examples, respectively of new theorisation and the checking of existing theories. Part of the intellectual framework was the insistence of Isaacs on the importance of inductive reasoning, where Robbins relied more naturally on deductions.

Collectivism
Robbins came to dislike collectivism. His early interest in Samuel George Hobson and G. D. H. Cole as proponents of guild socialism led him to join the National Guilds League, but did not last beyond 1920, though he continued longer with socialist views. He became involved in the socialist calculation debate, taking the side of the Austrian School.

Honours and awards
Robbins was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1944 Birthday Honours. He was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1955. On 16 June 1959 he was created a life peer as Baron Robbins, of Clare Market in the City of Westminster. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1966. In the 1968 New Year Honours he was appointed a Companion of Honour (CH).

Robbins received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1967. The Lionel Robbins Building at the London School of Economics is named after him. Since 2009 that building has had on the exterior of it an installation artwork, Blue Rain, by the American artist Michael Brown. There is also a Lionel Robbins Building at Nottingham Trent University.

Works
The early paper The Representative Firm (1928) has been considered Robbins's most celebrated article. In its origins a talk to the London Economic Club, it attacked a major concept of Alfred Marshall. Ralph George Hawtrey of the Club defended Marshall's ideas in a letter to Robbins, who within weeks submitted a version to Keynes as editor of the Economic Journal.

Robbins' 1966 Chichele lecture on the accumulation of capital (published in 1968) and later work on Smithian economics, The Theory of Economic Policy in English Classical Political Economy, have been described as imprecise.

 "Principles Of Economics", 1923, "Economics"
 "Dynamics of Capitalism", 1926, Economica.
 "The Optimum Theory of Population", 1927, in T.E. Gregory and H. Dalton, editors, London Essays in Honour of Edwin Cannan.
 "The Representative Firm", 1928, EJ.
 "On a Certain Ambiguity in the Conception of Stationary Equilibrium", 1930, EJ.
 Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, 1932. download
 "Remarks on the Relationship between Economics and Psychology", 1934, Manchester School.
 "Remarks on Some Aspects of the Theory of Costs", 1934, EJ.
 The Great Depression, 1934. Scroll to chapter-preview links.
 "The Place of Jevons in the History of Economic Thought", 1936, Manchester School.
 Economic Planning and International Order, 1937. Macmillan, London.
 "Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility: A Comment", 1938, EJ.
 The Economic Causes of War, 1939. download
 The Economic Problem in Peace and War, 1947.
 The Theory of Economic Policy in English Classical Political Economy, 1952.
 Robert Torrens and the Evolution of Classical Economics, 1958.
 Politics and Economics, 1963.
 The University in the Modern World, 1966.
 The Theory of Economic Development in the History of Economic Thought, 1968.
 Jacob Viner: A tribute, 1970.
 The Evolution of Modern Economic Theory, 1970.

 Political Economy, Past and Present, 1976.
 Against Inflation, 1979.
 Higher Education Revisited, 1980.
 "Economics and Political Economy", 1981, AER.
 A History of Economic Thought: The LSE Lectures, edited by Warren J. Samuels and Steven G. Medema, 1998.  Scroll to chapter-preview links.

Family
On 2 August 1924, Robbins married Iris Elizabeth Harris Gardiner, one of the daughters of the journalist and editor Alfred George Gardiner. They had a daughter and a son; Ann and Richard. His daughter married Christopher Louis McIntosh Johnson in 1958. His son was an artist and sculptor; the LSE has a bust of Lionel Robbins which was made by his son.

See also
 Welfare definition of economics

References

External links

 LSE Digital Library - Lionel Robbins
 Lionel Charles Robbins Photographs from National Portrait Gallery, London

 Lionel Robbins Profile from Ludwig von Mises Institute

Further reading

1898 births
1984 deaths
British economists
Historians of economic thought
Life peers
Alumni of University College London
Academics of the London School of Economics
People associated with the London School of Economics
People from Hillingdon
Fellows of the British Academy
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Field Artillery officers
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Member of the Mont Pelerin Society
Members of the American Philosophical Society

Lionel Robbins


Anett Bozsik (* 13. März 1990 in Budapest) ist eine ungarische Biathletin.

Anett Bozsik lebt in Gyöngyös. Sie bestritt ihre ersten internationalen Rennen seit 2004, zunächst im Europacup der Junioren. Erste internationale Meisterschaften wurden die Juniorenrennen der Europameisterschaften 2006 in Langdorf, wo die Ungarin im Einzel auf den 64. und im Sprint auf den 67. Platz kam. Ein Jahr später nahm sie an den Juniorenweltmeisterschaften 2007 in Martell teil und belegte die Plätze 74 im Einzel und 82 im Sprint. Auch 2008 nahm sie an den Biathlon-Juniorenweltmeisterschaften Ruhpolding teil, wo sie 76. des Einzels und 84. des Sprints wurde. Großereignis des Jahres 2009 wurden die Juniorenrennen der Sommerbiathlon-Weltmeisterschaften in Oberhof. Bei den Crosslauf-Rennen wurde Bozsik 37. des Sprints und 35. der Verfolgung. Auch 2010 in Duszniki-Zdrój waren die Sommerbiathlon-Weltmeisterschaften die einzige internationale Meisterschaft für die Ungarin, bei denen sie 42. des Sprints wurde. Es folgten die Juniorenweltmeisterschaften 2011 in Nové Město na Moravě, bei denen sie 66. in Sprint und Einzel wurde.

2008 debütierte Bozsik in Obertilliach im IBU-Cup und wurde 69. eines Einzels. Im weiteren Saisonverlauf gewann sie als 25. in einem Einzel in Osrblie erstmals Punkte. Es war zugleich ihre bislang beste Platzierung in der zweithöchsten Rennserie. Erste internationale Meisterschaften bei den Frauen wurden für Bozsik die Europameisterschaften 2012 in Osrblie. Sie kam im Sprint zum Einsatz, bei dem sie mit vier Schießfehlern 51. wurde. Sie qualifizierte sich damit für das Verfolgungsrennen, trat aber nicht an.

Weblinks

Biathlet (Ungarn)
Ungar
Geboren 1990
Mann

Anett Bozsik


Labirintna brtva je vrsta brtve u kojoj se učinak brtvljenja za plinove i pare postiže razlikom tlaka u nizu raspora između rotora i statora. Ona spada u bezdodirne brtve koje sprječavaju trenje pri velikim brzinama vrtnje.

Bezdodirno zaštitno brtvljenje
Bezdodirno zaštitno brtvljenje može se ostvariti prikladnom obradom brtvenih površina, pri čemu je u spojevima pokretljivih dijelova potrebno osigurati stanovitu zračnost među njima, koja između brtvenih površina mora biti razmjerno mala. Takav način primjenjuje se kod ležaja koji se podmazuju mašću. Mast popunjava zračnost među brtvenim površinama i sprečava ulaz nečistoća u spoj.

Bolji način ovog brtvljenja jest, da se izrade koncentrični utori u brtvenoj površini mirujućeg dijela. U njima se onda stvaraju prstenovi od masti koji dobro štite spoj. Najbolje je da se tim utorima dade oblik navoja sa smjerom uspona suprotnim smjeru vrtnje, koji tada vraćaju mast natrag u ležaj.

Još je savršeniji način bezdodirnog brtvljenja s pomoću utora i izdanaka na rotirajućem i na mirujućem dijelu spoja, koji zadiru jedni u druge, ali tako, da se međusobno ne dotiču, stvarajući neku vrstu labirinta. Labirintne brtvenice (koje se uglavnom primjenjuju kod brtvljenja između obočja i vratila parnih i plinskih turbina, kao i kod njihovih razdjelnih stijena), sastoje se od niza grebena na vratilu i na obočju, koji ulaze jedni među druge, čineći kod toga uzastopna proširenja i suženja. Grebeni na vratilu su obično izrađeni od punog materijala (ili se na vratilo navuče vitka s urezanim grebenima). Normalne labirintne brtvenice izrađuju se od mjedi ili od bronce, a za visoke temperature od niklovog čelika ili kromniklovog čelika. Postoji mnogo oblika labirintnih brtvenica, koje mogu imati poprečne, uzdužne i mješovite prigušene raspore. Širina raspora obično iznosi od 0,3 do 0,5 mm, a može se i regulirati.

Labirintno brtvljenje zasniva se na osnovu prigušivanja fluida (plinova ili tekućina) koji prolazi kroz labirinte, mijenjanjem u njima smjera kretanja, tlaka i brzine zbog promjene presjeka raspora među njima. Brzina prolazećeg medija što nastaje u svakom suženju raspora, poništava se zbog naglog proširenja presjeka i skretanja i zbog stvaranja turbulencije. Kako su otpori kod turbulentnog strujanja skoro dva puta veći nego otpori kod laminarnog strujanja, to su labirintne brtve vrlo pogodne za sprečavanje prolaza plinova i para uz minimalne gubitke. To je i glavni razlog njihove primjene kod turbina radi zaštitnog djelovanja protiv gubitka tlaka i vakuuma.

Brtvljenje spojeva pokretljivih dijelova fluidima
Brtvljenje spojeva pokretljivih dijelova fluidima ima dosta sličnosti s bezdodirnim brtvljenjem, od kojeg se razlikuje samo time što brtveni fluid nije sam medij koji se brtvi, već neki drugi. Njegova je glavna prednost što praktički postiže potpunu nepropusnost spoja. Za brtvljenje fluidima najviše služe tekućine, a rjeđe plinovi. Prema nastajanju brtvenog tlaka u brtvenim tekućinama razlikuje se samostalno brtvljenje i brtvljenje dovođenjem tekućine pod tlakom.

Pri samostalnom brtvljenju tekućina potrebni brtveni tlak nastaje pod utjecajem centrifugalne sile dijelova koji se gibaju (na primjer rotora). Zbog toga ovo brtvljenje dolazi u obzir za primjenu tamo gdje samo jedan dio spoja se vrti. Prema pretpostavkama rotacijskog gibanja i hidraulike, za izračunavanje razlike tlakova Δp koja pri tome može biti zabrtvena stupcem tekućine s visinom h, treba primijeniti izraz:

gdje je: g - ubrzanje zemljine sile teže, γ - specifična težina brtvene tekućine, ω - kutna brzina vrtnje, p1 - tlak fluida čije istjecanje treba spriječiti, p2 - tlak brtvene tekućine, du - unutarnji promjer fluida čije istjecanje treba spriječiti, dv - vanjski promjer fluida čije istjecanje treba spriječiti. Kad su površine rotora glatke, a sloj brtvene tekućine tanak, umjesto ω u gornji izraz treba staviti ω' = ω/2. Prednost ovog načina brtvljenja je u tome što nema gubitaka brtvene tekućine.

Pri brtvljenju fluidima koji se dovode izvana, njihov tlak mora biti veći i od tlaka fluida čije se protjecanje među brtvenim površinama želi spriječiti, i od atmosferskog tlaka. Pri tome među brtvenim površinama umjesto fluida protječe brtvena tekućina, što je povezano s gubitcima. Taj se nedostatak može ublažiti smanjivanjem zračnosti među brtvenim površinama i upotrebom gušćih brtvenih tekućina. Međutim, ovaj način brtvljenja ne primjenjuje se sam, nego kao dodatna mjera u nekim slučajevima brtvljenja brtvenicama, a brtvilo ujedno smanjuje gubitke brtvene tekućine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Strojarstvo
Hidraulika
Strojevi

Labirintna brtva


Mrtvo dizanje ili engleski deadlift jedna je od temeljnjih vježbi snage i uz potisak s klupe i čučanj jedna od tri disciplina u powerliftingu.

Izvođenje
Dok uteg iz mrtve pozicije leži na podu ne smije se stajati previše blizu niti predaleko od šipke. U početnom položaju stopala su u širini kukova s prstima okrenutim malo prema van. Ruke su skroz opružene. Pri podizanju utega gura se iz peta, a ne prednjim dijelom stopala. Koljena moraju pratiti smjer prstiju, a ne smiju se slomiti prema unutra za vrijeme podizanja. Nakon dizanja u ispruženi položaj izvodi se spuštanje ravnim leđima i blago savijenim koljenima sve dok uteg ne dotakne pod.

Uključeni mišići
 Dvoglavi bedreni mišić (Musculus biceps femoris)
 Četveroglavi bedreni mišić (Quadriceps femoris)
 Najveći stražnjični mišić (Gluteus maximus)
 Mišić uspravljač kralježnice (Erector spinae)
 Veliki mišić primicač (Adductor magnus)
 Polutetivni mišić (Musculus semitendinosus)
 Poluopnasti mišić (Musculus semimembranosus)
 Troglavi gnjatni mišić (Musculus triceps surae9
 Trapezni mišić (Musculus trapezius)
 Najširi leđni mišić (Latissimus dorsi)

Literatura
 Rippetoe, Marc: Starting Strength: Basic Barbell Training, The Aasgaard Company; 3. Edition (11. November 2011), ISBN 978-0-98252-273-8

Izvori

Dizanje utega

Mrtvo dizanje


زابايكالسك  هي مدينة في مقاطعة زابايكالسكي كراي في روسيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 10313   نسمة.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1904
مدن زابايكالسكي كراي

معابر الحدود الروسية الصينية

زابايكالسك


Campionatul Mondial de Futsal este cea mai mare competiție internațională de fotbal în sală. Acesta se desfășoară o dată la 4 ani, iar prima ediție   a avut loc în 1989 în Țările de Jos.
Până în prezent, doar patru naționale au reușit să câștige această competiție: prima Brazilia, de cinci ori în 1989, 1992, 1996, 2008 și 2012, Spania în două ediții, în 2000 și 2004, apoi Argentina în 2016, și recent Portugalia în 2021.

Câștigătoare și finaliste

Finale

'''✠ Echipa a câștigat meciul la penalty.

Clasament

Top Medalii

Vezi și
 Campionatul European de Futsal

Legături externe

FIFA Futsal World Cup , FIFA.com
RSSSF archive

Campionate Mondiale
Competiții organizate de FIFA
 Mondial

Campionatul Mondial de Futsal


Jacopo Antonio Sanvitale, né le  à Parme et mort dans cette même ville le , est un diplomate et poète italien.

Biographie
Jacopo Antonio Sanvitale naquit à Parme, le . À l'âge de douze ans, il composa un quatrain latin à l'occasion de la promotion de Giulio Piazza au cardinalat. En 1720, il épousa une demoiselle Cenci, et peu après son père et son frère Frédéric étant entrés dans la compagnie de Jésus, il se trouva maître absolu d'une fortune considérable. Il se lia alors avec tout ce que Parme contenait d'hommes distingués par le talent ou la science, et il devint leur Mécène. Le duc Antoine Farnèse avait pour lui une estime particulière ; il le nomma d'abord grand connétable de l'Ordre sacré et militaire constantinien de Saint-Georges, puis membre de la régence qui devait gouverner l'État après sa mort, qui eut lieu le 20 janvier 1731. À cette époque, on croyait que sa veuve, la duchesse Henriette, était enceinte, et la régence remplit ses fonctions jusqu'au moment où le contraire fut établi. La couronne ducale étant alors dévolue à l'infant d'Espagne don Carlos, le comte Sanvitale alla complimenter ce prince à Pise, d'abord, le 13 février 1732, au nom de la municipalité, dont il était membre ; puis, le 27 mars suivant, au nom de l'ordre de Constantin. Cependant don Carlos, ne pouvant pas encore prendre possession de ses États, qui lui étaient disputés par l'Autriche et étaient occupés par une armée sous les ordres du maréchal Pallavicino, chargea le comte Sanvitale de veiller à ce que le bon ordre régnât à Parme. Sa conduite, à la fois ferme et courtoise vis-à-vis des chefs de l'armée autrichienne, le fit réussir dans cette mission. En 1737, il se rendit à Vienne et captiva la faveur de l'empereur Charles VI. Trois ans plus tard, il fit un second voyage dans cette capitale, où il avait été appelé par ce même prince, qui, arrivé à son heure dernière, témoigna au comte son regret de ne pouvoir plus lui donner autrement qu'en paroles des marques de son affection. Lorsque Marie-Thérèse fonda, en 1741, une académie à Parme, Sanvitale en fut nommé membre sous le nom d'Eaco Panellenio, et ce fut dans son palais qu'eut lieu la première réunion (9 avril 1741). Les États de Parme ayant été rendus à la maison de Bourbon, l'infant don Philippe choisit pour le représenter à Paris le comte Sanvitale, qui remplit ces fonctions de 1751 à 1759. Revenu à Parme, le 10 novembre de cette dernière année, il renonça entièrement aux affaires, fit même cession à son fils de la majeure partie de ses biens et ne s'occupa plus que des études qui avaient déjà rempli une grande partie de sa vie. Le comte Sanvitale mourut à Parme, le , regretté de tous, surtout des gens de lettres, qu'il avait protégés. Son cœur fut déposé dans l'église de l'Annonciation, où la famille possédait une chapelle, et le corps fut transporté dans Fontanellato, un des fiefs du défunt. Son éloge fut prononcé par le P. Luca Antonio Pagnini, professeur d'éloquence à l'université.

Œuvres

 Chant en l'honneur de St-François Régis, Parme, 1738, in-4° ;
 Églogues, dans différents recueils de 1738 à 1748 ;
 Les sept psaumes de la pénitence, traduits en vers, Venise, 1745, in-8°, et Parme, 1747, in-12 ;
 Avis du comte J.-A. Sanvitale, en réponse à une dissertation de Ludovico Salvi, Venise, 1746, in-8°. L'auteur y prend la défense de ceux qui font encore intervenir les divinités païennes dans leurs poésies.
 Poème parabolique, Venise, 1746 et 1747, in-fol. Il fut suggéré à l'auteur par un passage de Bacon, qui, dans son livre De augmentis scientiarum, indique le plan d'un poème de ce genre. Sanvitale divisa le sien en trois parties, de six chants chacune. La première a pour sujet la morale, la seconde la politique et la troisième la physique, c'est-à-dire la création. Voici le jugement qu'a porté de ce livre Champollion-Figeac dans sa Notice des accroissements de la bibliothèque de Grenoble : « C'est, dit-il, un traité de morale revêtu des formes poétiques et mythologiques et où se trouvent toutes les spéculations d'une âme enthousiaste de la vertu et des qualités morales qui ennoblissent l'homme. »
 Poème en quatre chants, publié à l'occasion d'une prise de voile, Parme, 1757, in- 4°. Il n'y a que le premier chant qui soit de Sanvitale.
 Quelques pièces en vers et en prose dans un recueil publié à l'occasion de la naissance de don Fernand, fils du duc de Parme Philippe, 1751, in-fol. ;
 Castor et Pollux, tragédie traduite du français, avec le texte en regard, Parme, 1758, in-4° ;
 Enèe et Lavinie, opéra traduit en italien pour le théâtre de Parme, 1761, in-4° ;
 Capitolo, adressé au même infant le jour où il fut inoculé, Parme, 1764, in-fol. ;
 Le tribunal de Jupiter, chant pour le mariage de l'infant don Carlos avec Louise de Bourbon, Parme, 1765, in-4° ;
 Euranio et Eurasitea, fable pastorale, Parme, Bodoni, 1773, in-4° et in-8° ;
 Andromaque, tragédie de Racine, traduite en vers italiens, Parme, Bodoni, 1776, in-8° ;
 Poésies diverses, dans le tome 13 des Poésies des Arcades de Rome, dont il était membre ;
 Polyeucte, tragédie de Corneille, traduite en vers italiens, Parme, in-4°, sans date. Les différentes pièces traduites par Sanvitale furent toutes représentées, soit au théâtre grand-ducal, soit sur celui qu'il avait fait élever lui-même dans sa villa de Fontanellato, et où il réunissait souvent l'élite de la société.

Source

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1699
Naissance à Parme
Décès en mars 1780
Décès à Parme
Diplomate italien du XVIIIe siècle
Poète italien du XVIIIe siècle
Décès à 80 ans

Jacopo Antonio Sanvitale


La cordillera Chila es una alineación montañosa del Perú situada en el departamento de Arequipa, que constituye uno de los ramales meridionales de la Cordillera Occidental de los Andes. Forma parte del Arco volcánico del Perú y actúa como divisoria de aguas continentales que fluyen al océano Pacífico y al océano Atlántico. Se extiende en dirección noroeste-sureste a lo largo de 80 km, presentando una superficie glaciar de 33,89 km², siendo su máxima elevación el nevado Chila, con 5.655  Esta cordillera tiene gran importancia pues de sus glaciares bajan las primeras aguas que dan nacimiento al río Amazonas.

Geografía

Ubicación geográfica
La Cordillera Chila se encuentra a unos 95 kilómetros al norte de la ciudad de Arequipa. Está comprendido entre los 15° 15′ y 15° 34′ de latitud sur, y los 72° 17′ y 71° 38′ de latitud oeste del meridiano de Greenwich, atravesando las provincias arequipeñas de Caylloma y Castilla.

Hidrografía
La línea de crestas y cumbres de la cordillera es el divortium aquarum del sistema, pues los riachuelos ubicados al norte forman el río Apurímac, mientras que los deshielos al sur forman el río Colca. Los glaciares de la cordillera desempeñan un papel destacado ya que en ella tienen origen la fuente a partir de la cual se genera la red que forma el río Amazonas.

El origen del río Amazonas está en un pequeño manantial glaciar ubicado en el nevado Quehuisha, a 5.170 metros de altitud. Las aguas naturales que emergen del manantial proceden del deshielo de permafrost (suelo y/o subsuelo congelado), tienen una temperatura de -20 °C y descargan en la superficie constituyendo el pequeño riachuelo en la denominada Quebrada Apacheta.

Cumbres
Cubierta por cumbres de nieves, la cordillera de Chila alcanza su mayor altitud en el nevado de Chila, con 5.655 metros.

Véase también
 Cordilleras del Perú
 Geografía del Perú

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 All The Mountains

Chila
Chila

Cordillera Chila


Hjemvendt er en kortfilm fra 2001 instrueret af Jonas Alexander Arnby. Han har skrevet manuskript med Jonas Parello-Plesner.

Handling
En ung dansk mands flashback til Krigen i Ex-Jugoslavien, hvor han som udsendt FN-soldat, erindrer mødet mellem ham selv og en serbisk soldat midt på slagmarken.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2001

Hjemvendt


La vallée de la Pez  est une haute vallée glaciaire de la chaîne de montagnes des Pyrénées, au-dessus de la ville de Loudenvielle dans le Louron, dans le département français des Hautes-Pyrénées en Occitanie.

Toponymie
Le toponyme pourrait provenir du mot poix en espagnol et aragonais (pega, pègue en gascon), produit recherché au point que sa désignation a prévalu pour nommer les sapinières d'où on l'extrayait.

Géographie

Situation
Orientée sud-ouest–nord-est, la vallée s'étend sur environ  de longueur avec une largeur entre  et .

La vallée de la Pez est une vallée coincée entre la vallée du Rioumajou à l'ouest, la vallée de la Neste du Louron au nord, le vallon d'Aygues Tortes à l'est et la vallée de Chistau dans l'Aragon au sud.

Elle est comprise entièrement dans la commune de Génos.

La vallée est dans le massif de Batchimale et la partie sud de la vallée est située sur la frontière franco-espagnole.

Topographie
La vallée de la Pez est surplombée au sud par des sommets avoisinant les  :
 au sud : le pic de Guerreys (), le pic de l'Abeillé () et le port de la Pez () permettant le passage vers l'Espagne ;
 à l'est : le pic des Bacherets (), le pic de la Hourque (), le pic du Midi de Génos (), la crête d'Aubagnes ;
 à l'ouest : le pic de Tour (), pic de Lustou (), le pic d'Arrouyette ou Pic d'Estos () ;
 au nord : la vallée de la Neste du Louron.

Hydrographie
La Neste de la Pez qui est un affluent gauche de la Neste du Louron et qui le rejoint au niveau du pont de Prat à la centrale hydro-électrique de Tramezaygues, coule au centre de la vallée.

Le ruisseau d'Estiouère issue du pic de Lustou situé en partie haute (sud-ouest) de la vallée, est un affluent gauche la Neste de la Pez.

Géologie

Faune et flore

Climat

Histoire
Le chemin qui traverse la vallée et qui mène au port de la Pez est un point de franchissement des Pyrénées centrales fréquenté par les hommes pour traverser à pied, ou à dos de mulet, la frontière franco-espagnole.

La vallée est inhabitée, les seules structures sont des granges (cabanes Jean Forgues).

Protection environnementale

La vallée fait partie d'une zone naturelle protégée, classée ZNIEFF de type 2 : vallée du Louron.

Voies de communication et transports
On accède à la vallée de la Pez par la route au sud de Loudenvielle, la route départementale 725, au départ du pont de Prat à la centrale hydro-électrique de Tramezaygues.

Économie

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Vallée du Louron

Liens externes

Pez
Pez
Massif de Batchimale

Vallée de la Pez


naziv za više toponima
 umanjenica od gradina
 Gradinica (Krstatice)
 Gradinica (Starigrad)
 Gradinica (Svib)

Gradinica


was a Buddhist monk of the Ōbaku Zen sect, and was also an accomplished poet and calligrapher.  His teacher Ingen Ryūki, Mokuan Shōtō and Sokuhi were together known as the "Three Brushes of Ōbaku" or Ōbaku no Sanpitsu.

China
Sokuhi was born in Fuzhou, Fujian, Southeast China. He was born into a declining Confucian scholar gentry family of the Chen clan. Life became difficult for him and his mother after his father died. He was ordained at 17 by Feiyin Tongrong. At 21 he became a disciple of Ingen, abbot of Wanfu Temple, Mount Huangbo, Fujian.  There he became a colleague of Muyan. In 1651 he nearly died due to asphyxiation while fighting a forest fire near the temple, and was suddenly enlightened.  Sokuhi received dharma transmission from Ingen and the next year received a promotion to high monastic office. He then became abbot of Chongsheng Temple on Mount Xuefeng, also in Fujian.

Japan
In 1654, Ingen and Muyan travelled to Japan and summoned Sokuhi, who followed to Nagasaki in 1657.  Sokuhi was made abbot of Sōfuku-ji, a Chinese temple built in 1629, and Muyan was serving as abbot of Fukusai-ji. The two became known as nikanromon ("two gates to enlightenment"). In 1663 Sokuhi met Ingen for the first time in 12 years, after he received permission to go to Uji where he was abbot of Manpuku-ji. In 1664 Sokuhi left for Nagasaki intending to return to China but was convinced to stay by lord of Kokura and found a new temple Fukuju-ji on Mount Kujū (now in Fukuoka). In 1668 he passed this position to his Japanese disciple Houn Myodo and returned to Sōfuku-ji to retire. He became ill in 1670 and died at Nagasaki in 1671. He was cremated and his remains were placed at Fukuju-ji and Sōfuku-ji.

See also
Japanese Buddhism
Ōbaku

References

1616 births
1671 deaths
Ming dynasty Buddhist monks
Obaku Buddhists
Qing dynasty Buddhist monks
Chinese Zen Buddhists
Ming dynasty calligraphers
Qing dynasty calligraphers
Writers from Fuzhou
Artists from Fuzhou
Poets from Fujian
Japanese Zen Buddhists
17th-century Chinese people
17th-century Chinese calligraphers
17th-century Japanese calligraphers
Edo period Buddhist clergy

Sokuhi Nyoitsu


The Making of Pump es un vídeo (documental) sobre la grabación del disco Pump de Aerosmith. Esto también destaca entrevistas con la banda.

Miembros de la banda
Tom Hamilton
Joey Kramer
Joe Perry
Steven Tyler
Brad Whitford
Bruce Fairbairn

Véase también
Pump
Things That Go Pump in the Night

Enlaces externos
.
.

Aerosmith
Álbumes de 1990

The Making of Pump


The TeleZapper is a device designed to reduce the number of telemarketing-related phone calls a household receives by imitating the tone signal normally played by a phone company to indicate a line has been disconnected. The Telezapper was created by Privacy Technologies, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Appliance Mfg. Co.

Background
Telemarketing companies typically use predictive dialers to place many calls simultaneously. When the equipment detects that someone has answered one of the many calls it has made, it quickly transfers that call to an available agent. Unanswered calls, or numbers that are disconnected, are not transferred to agents and the call is terminated automatically.

In this way, the agent is spared the time of dialing a call and waiting for an answer, and can simply speak to waiting calls that have been already set up. Additionally, if a number is determined to be disconnected, the equipment will usually mark that number as such and will not dial it again or as often.

How it works
The TeleZapper is an appliance that plugs into a consumer telephone line. On detecting a ring and answer of any phone on the line, the Telezapper will immediately play a sequence of Special information tones or "SIT": one of eight internationally standardized signals that indicate a call cannot be completed. Typically the "Intercept" or "IC" SIT is used, indicating the number called has been disconnected or changed.

By playing this tone signal on the line, a predictive dialer calling the household would hear it, assume the number was disconnected, terminate the call and likely mark the number as "disconnected" in its database.

This "tricking" of the telemarketer's equipment was effectively highlighted in marketing material for the TeleZapper as a way to get revenge on the "obnoxious telemarketers". The device is powered by a CR2032 battery, which is not documented in the manual and is replaced by opening the unit.

Limitations of the TeleZapper
A predictive dialer merely checks for three conditions:
A SIT signal, as described above,
a short response, like "hello", in which case it puts the called person through to a salesperson, and
a long response, such as an answering machine message, in which case it hangs up and re-queues the number to call back later or leaves a sales message.

Some telemarketing firms have turned off the SIT tone detector altogether in response to the TeleZapper trick, rendering it wholly ineffective.

Another limitation is that the device does not work well with voice mail systems.  This is because voice mail reroutes the call from a physical line to the voice mail service without the phone ever picking up.

See also

External links
 TeleZapper site (current)
 TeleZapper site (archived)
 The Official Site of the TeleZapper (archived)

Telemarketing
Telephony signals

TeleZapper


Memórias de Guerra () é um livro composto por três volumes escrito por Charles de Gaulle que conta os desenvolvimentos da Segunda Guerra Mundial, desde a ocupação da França pela Alemanha Nazi, em 1940, até à demissão de de Gaulle como Presidente do Governo Provisório da República da França, em 1946.

Enquadramento
Charles de Gaulle expôs neste livro a história da França Livre durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e descreve o seu desenvolvimento em grande detalhe. Acrescenta, para apoiar as suas observações, numerosos documentos em apêndice (e não dentro do trabalho como Winston Churchill fez, por exemplo, na sua obra A Segunda Guerra Mundial), como mapas, telegramas, cartas, transcrições de discursos ou entrevistas. Apresenta-se como um defensor dos valores tradicionais franceses, como um patriota lutando pela grandeza do seu país, e as primeiras frases dessas Memórias já refletem o seu orgulho nacional e a sua visão da França

Durante toda a minha vida, tive uma certa ideia da França. O sentimento me inspira, assim como a razão. O que é emocional em mim naturalmente imagina a França, como a princesa dos contos ou a Madona nos afrescos das paredes, condenada a um destino eminente e excepcional. Sinto instintivamente que a Providência a criou para sucessos completos ou infortúnios exemplares. Se acontece que a mediocridade marca, porém, suas ações e gestos, experimento a sensação de uma anomalia absurda, atribuível às falhas dos franceses, não ao gênio da pátria. Mas também, o lado positivo da minha mente me convence de que a França está realmente apenas no primeiro lugar; que somente grandes empreendimentos são capazes de compensar os fermentos de dispersão que seu povo carrega dentro de si; que nosso país, como é, entre os outros, como são, deve, sob pena de perigo mortal, mirar alto e manter-se em linha reta. Em suma, na minha opinião, a França não pode ser França sem grandeza.

Volumes
A obra é dividida por três volumes:
 L'Appel, 1940-1942 (O Apelo) (1954)
 L'Unité, 1942-1944 (A Unidade) (1956)
 Le Salut, 1944-1946 (A Vitória) (1959)

Livros de memórias
Livros sobre a Segunda Guerra Mundial
Livros de 1954
Livros de 1956
Livros de 1959
Livros de Charles de Gaulle

Memórias de Guerra


Clifford Thomas "Cliff" Crowley (* 13. Juni 1906 in Winnipeg, Manitoba; † 27. April 1948 ebenda) war ein kanadischer Eishockeyspieler. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1932 gewann er als Mitglied der kanadischen Nationalmannschaft die Goldmedaille.

Karriere
Cliff Crowley gewann 1931 mit dem Winnipeg Hockey Club den Allan Cup, den kanadischen Amateurmeistertitel. Bei den Winterspielen 1932 vertrat er Kanada mit dem Winnipeg Hockey Club. Er starb 1948 bereits im Alter von 40 Jahren. Im Jahr 2004 wurde er in die Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame aufgenommen.

International
Für Kanada nahm Crowley an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1932 in Lake Placid teil, bei denen er mit seiner Mannschaft die Goldmedaille gewann.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1931 Allan-Cup-Gewinn mit dem Winnipeg Hockey Club
 1932 Goldmedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen
 2004 Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Kanada)
Olympiateilnehmer (Kanada)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1932
Olympiasieger (Eishockey)
Geboren 1906
Gestorben 1948
Mann
Kanadier

Cliff Crowley


The astral body is a subtle body posited by many philosophers, intermediate between the intelligent soul and the mental body, composed of a subtle material. In many recensions the concept ultimately derives from the philosophy of Plato though the same or similar ideas have existed all over the world well before Plato's time: it is related to an astral plane, which consists of the planetary heavens of astrology. The term was adopted by nineteenth-century Theosophists and neo-Rosicrucians.

The idea is rooted in common worldwide religious accounts of the afterlife in which the soul's journey or "ascent" is described in such terms as "an ecstatic.., mystical or out-of body experience, wherein the spiritual traveller leaves the physical body and travels in his/her subtle body (or dreambody or astral body) into 'higher' realms". Hence "the "many kinds of 'heavens', 'hells', and purgatorial existences believed in by followers of innumerable religions" may also be understood as astral phenomena, as may the various "phenomena of the séance room". The phenomenon of apparitional experience is therefore related, as is made explicit in Cicero's Dream of Scipio.

The astral body is sometimes said to be visible as an aura of swirling colours. It is widely linked today with out-of-body experiences or astral projection. Where this refers to a supposed movement around the real world, as in Muldoon and Carrington's book The Projection of the Astral Body, it conforms to Madame Blavatsky's usage of the term. Elsewhere, this latter is termed "etheric", while "astral" denotes an experience of dream-symbols, archetypes, memories, spiritual beings and visionary landscapes.

History

The classical world

Neoplatonists agreed with Plato as to the immortality of the rational soul but disagreed as to whether man's "irrational soul" was immortal and celestial ("starry", hence astral) or whether it remained on earth and dissolved after death. The late Neoplatonist Proclus, who is credited the first to speak of subtle "planes", posited two subtle bodies or "carriers" (okhema) intermediate between the rational soul and the physical body. These were; 1) the astral vehicle which was the immortal vehicle of the Soul and 2) the spiritual (pneuma) vehicle, aligned with the vital breath, which he considered mortal.

The word "astral" means "of the stars", thus the astral plane, consisting of the celestial spheres, is held to be an astrological phenomenon: "The whole of the astral portion of our earth and of the physical planets, together with the purely astral planets of our System, make up collectively the astral body of the Solar Logos". There are "seven types of astral matter" by means of which "psychic changes occur periodically".

The Modern Era
Such ideas greatly influenced medieval religious thought and are visible in the Renaissance medicine of Paracelsus and Servetus. In the romantic era, alongside the discovery of electromagnetism and the nervous system, there came a new interest in the spirit world. Franz Anton Mesmer spoke of the stars, animal magnetism and magnetic fluids. In 1801, the English occultist Francis Barrett wrote of a herb's "excellent astral and magnetic powers" – for herbalists had categorised herbs according to their supposed correspondence with the seven planetary influences.

In the mid-nineteenth century the French occultist Eliphas Levi wrote much of "the astral light", a factor he considered of key importance to magic, alongside the power of will and the doctrine of correspondences. He considered the astral light the medium of all light, energy and movement, describing it in terms that recall both Mesmer and the luminiferous ether.

Levi's idea of the astral was to have much influence in the English-speaking world through the teachings of The Golden Dawn, but it was also taken up by Helena Blavatsky and discussed in the key work of Theosophy, The Secret Doctrine. Levi seems to have been regarded by later Theosophists as the immediate source from which the term was adopted into their sevenfold schema of planes and bodies, though there was slight confusion as to the term's proper use.

Theosophy
Blavatsky frequently used the term "astral body" in connection with the Indian linga sharira which is one of the seven principles of human life. However, she said that "there are various astral bodies". For example, she talked of one as being constituted by "the lower manas and volition, kama" According to the Theosophical founder William Q. Judge "There are many names for the Astral Body. Here are a few: Linga Sarira, Sanskrit, meaning design body, and the best one of all; ethereal double; phantom; wraith; apparition; doppelgänger; personal man; perispirit; irrational soul; animal soul; Bhuta; elementary; spook; devil; demon. Some of these apply only to the astral body when devoid of the corpus after death."

C.W. Leadbeater and Annie Besant (Theosophical Society Adyar), equated it with Blavatsky's Kama (desire) principle and called it the Emotional body. Astral body, desire body, and emotional body became synonymous, and this identification is found in later Theosophically inspired thought. The astral body in later Theosophy is "the vehicle of feelings and emotions" through which "it is possible...to experience all varieties of desire". We have a "life in the astral body, whilst the physical body is wrapped in slumber". So the astral body "provides a simple explanation of the mechanism of many phenomena revealed by modern psycho-analysis". To this extent, then, the "astral body" is a reification of the dream-world self.

Post-theosophists

According to Max Heindel's Rosicrucian writings, the Desire body is made of desire stuff, from which human beings form feelings and emotions. It is said to appear to spiritual sight as an ovoid cloud extending from sixteen to twenty inches beyond the physical body. It has a number of whirling vortices (chakras) and from the main vortex, in the region of the liver, there is a constant flow which radiates and returns. The desire body exhibits colors that vary in every person according to his or her temperament and mood.

However, the astral body (or "Soul body") must be evolved by means of the work of transmutation and will eventually be evolved by humanity as a whole. According to Heindel, the term "astral body" was employed by the mediaeval Alchemists because of the ability it conferred to traverse the "starry" regions. The "Astral body" is regarded as the "Philosopher's Stone" or "Living Stone" of the alchemist, the "Wedding Garment" of the Gospel of Matthew and the "Soul body" that Paul mentions in the First Epistle to the Corinthians

Many other popular accounts of post-Theosophical ideas appeared in the late 20th century. Barbara Brennan's Hands of Light distinguishes between the emotional body and the astral body. She sees these as two distinct layers in the seven-layered "Human Energy Field". The emotional body pertains to the physical universe, the astral body to the astral world. The Mother sometimes referred to the astral body and experiences on the astral plane. The Indian master Osho occasionally made use of a modified Theosophical terminology.

According to Samael Aun Weor, who popularised Theosophical thought in Latin America, the astral body is the part of human soul related to emotions, represented by the sephirah Hod in the kabbalistic Tree of Life. However the common person only has a kamarupa, body of desire or "lunar astral body," a body related to animal emotions, passions and desires, while the true human emotional vehicle is the solar astral body, which can be crystallised through Tantric sex. The solar astral body is the first mediator between the Cosmic Christ, Chokmah, and the individual human soul.

Fourth Way
"What is called the 'body-Kesdjan,' or, as they themselves later began to name this being-part of theirs—of which, by the way, contemporary beings know only by hearsay—the 'Astral-body.'"
"At first on the planet itself the 'second-being-body,' i.e., the body-Kesdjan, together with the 'third-being-body' separate themselves from the 'fundamental-planetary-body' and, leaving this planetary body on the planet, rise both together to that sphere where those cosmic substances— from the localizations of which the body-Kesdjan of a being arises—have their place of concentration.
"And only there, at the end of a certain time, does the principal and final sacred Rascooarno occur to this two-natured arising, after which such a 'higher being-part' indeed becomes an independent individual with its own individual Reason."
According to Gurdjieff it is an independent arising which is intermediate between the physical body and the Soul.

Gurdjieff refers to the astral body as the "body Kesdjan" or "vessel of the soul": it is of the sun and all planets, just as the physical body is of the earth. While it is not developed one is a "human being only in quotation marks", who cannot be considered in any meaningful sense to have a soul and who will "die like a dog".

Scientific reception
Donovan Rawcliffe, who assumes the existence of the astral body to be a myth, has written that "delusions and hallucinations due to acenesthesia or hysteria have undoubtedly helped to perpetuate the myth of the astral body."

Western scientists have started to explore the subtle body concept in relation to research on meditation. The subtle body model can be cross-referenced onto modern maps of the central nervous system, and applied in research on meditation.

See also
Body of light
Illusory body
Saṃbhogakāya
Silver cord
Spirit body (Mormonism)

References

Sources
 Besant, Annie, Theosophical Manual No. VII: Man and His Bodies, London, Theosophical Publishing House, 1914.
 Brennan, Barbara Ann, Hands of Light : A Guide to Healing Through the Human Energy Field, Bantam Books, 1987.
 Brennan, Barbara Ann, Light Emerging: The Journey of Personal Healing, Bantam Books, 1993.
 C. W. Leadbeater, Man, Visible and Invisible, London, Theosophical Publishing House, 1902.
Kunz, Dora van Gelder, The Personal Aura, Wheaton, IL, Quest Books/Theosophical Publishing House, 1991.
 [Carl Edwin Lindgren]. 2005. Debunking Auras and Aura Cameras.
Martin, Barbara Y., with Dmitri Moraitis, Change Your Aura, Change Your Life, Sunland, CA, Wisdomlight, 2003.
 The Mother (Alfassa, Mirra) Collected Works of the Mother.
 The Mother (Alfassa, Mirra) The Agenda
 Poortman, J.J. Vehicles of Consciousness; The Concept of Hylic Pluralism (Ochema), vol I-IV, The Theosophical Society in Netherlands, 1978.
 Powell, Arthur E. The Astral Body and other Astral Phenomena
 Steiner, Rudolf, Theosophy: An introduction to the supersensible knowledge of the world and the destination of man. London: Rudolf Steiner Press. (1904) 1970.
 Steiner, Rudolf, Occult Science - An Outline. Trans. George and Mary Adams. London: Rudolf Steiner Press, 1909, 1969.
 Heindel, Max, The Rosicrucian Mysteries (Chapter IV: The Constitution of Man: Vital Body - Desire Body - Mind), 1911, .
 Walker, Benjamin, Beyond the Body: The Human Double, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1974, ; Fitzhenry, Toronto, 1974; Arkana, 1988, .

 Yogananda, Paramahansa, Autobiography of a Yogi, Los Angeles, CA: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1946, Chapter 43.

Further reading

External links

 the Astral Body
 Song and diagram showing Gurdjieff's Kesdjanian Body

Ascended Master Teachings
Anthroposophy
Astral projection
Esoteric cosmology
Theosophical philosophical concepts

Astral body


Um nucleosídeo trifosfato, ou trifosfato de nucleosídeo, é uma molécula contendo uma base nitrogenada ligado a um açúcar de 5 carbonos (ribose ou desoxirribose), com três grupos fosfato ligados ao açúcar. É um exemplo de um nucleotídeo. Eles são os precursores moleculares de ambos DNA e RNA, que são cadeias de nucleotídeos feitas através dos processos de  replicação do DNA e transcrição.  Nucleosídeos trifosfatos também servem como fonte de energia para reações celulares e estão envolvidos em vias de sinalização.

Nucleosídeos trifosfatos não podem ser bem absorvidos, então eles são tipicamente sintetizados dentro da célula.  As vias de síntese diferem dependendo do específico nucleosídeo trifosfato sendo feito, mas dados os muitos papéis importantes dos trifosfatos de nucleosídeos, a síntese é fortemente regulada em todos os casos. Análogos de nucleosídeo também pode ser usados para tratar infecções virais. Por exemplo, azidotimidina (AZT) é um análogo de nucleosídeo usado para prevenir e tratar HIV/AIDS.

Ácidos nucleicos
Nucleótidos
Ésteres
Fosfatos

Nucleosídeo trifosfato


Simon's Cat (traducido en español como el gato de Simon) es una serie animada ideada y realizada por el animador inglés Simon Tofield. La serie tiene como protagonista un travieso gato doméstico. Hizo su primera aparición en internet en Cat Man Do. Los episodios de Simon's Cat están disponibles en YouTube y han recibido más de 20 millones de visitas, y unidos, han superado los cien millones de vistas.<ref>Jill Rosen, Unmissable for cat lovers: Simon's Cat. Blog Find a Pet del Baltimore Sun</ref>

 Realización
La serie ha sido animada por Simon Tofield, director de animación del estudio londinense Tandem Films. Tofield, que empezó a dibujar cómics desde joven y ha estudiado animación en la De Montfort University, vive en el Bedforshire con cuatro gatos, que sin duda le sirven de inspiración.

 Capítulos
 Cat Man Do, 2007, Tandem Film
 Let Me In!, 2008, Tandem Film
 TV Dinner, 2008
 Fly Guy, 2009
 Hot Spot, 2009
 Snow Business' (Part 1), 2009
 The Box, 2010
 Cat Chat, 2010
 Lunch Break, 2010
 Beyond the Fence, 2010
 Santa Claws, 2010
 Sticky Tape, 2011
 Hop it, 2011
 Hidden Treasure, 2011
 Double Trouble, 2011
 Catnap, 2011
 Shelf life, 2012
 Tongue Tied, 2012
 Window Pain, 2012
 Ready, Steady, Slow!, 2012
 Springtime, 2012
 Fetch, 2012
 Nut Again, 2012
 Icecapade, 2012
 Feed Me, 2013
 Screen Grab, 2013
 Flower Bed, 2013
 Suit Case, 2013
 Crazy Time, 2014

 Especiales
 Thank You, 1 Million subscribers!, 2012
 Thank You, 2 Million Subscribers!, 2013
 Scary Legs (A Halloween Special), 2013
 Christmas Presence (Christmas special, Part 1), 2013
 Christmas Presence (Christmas special, Part 2), 2013
 Smitten (A Valentine's Special), 2014

 Televisión
Durante las fiestas de Navidad de 2011 algunos capítulos de Simon's Cat han sido retransmitidos por las señales de Cartoon Network alrededor del mundo. Se especuló que iba a producir una serie completa por Cartoon Network, pero fue descartado al poco tiempo.

Sin embargo, todos los años se emiten por Boomerang en vísperas de Navidad.

 Personajes
 El gato de Simon: El protagonista. Sus travesuras, sobre todo para conseguir comida, atormentan a Simon. Adora la comida para gatos pero tampoco hace ascos a los pajarillos, ratones y peces del jardín de Simon. Nunca se ha revelado el verdadero nombre del gato, aunque el autor ha afirmado que el personaje se basa en su propio gato Hugh.
 Simon: El paciente dueño del gato. Al parecer le tiene un particular miedo a las arañas, como en el capítulo Spider Cat. También tuvo novia, pero en el episodio Love Me, Love Me Cat el gato de Simon le tira una rata que interpreta estar muerta, para que cuando los dos se vayan poder comer todo.
 El perro de la hermana de Simon: Un perro que aparece solo en el video Fed Up, donde come debajo de la mesa durante una comida familiar.
 El pajarillo: Un pájaro que aparece en el video Business Snow donde provoca al gato para hacer un combate de bolas de nieve.
 El erizo: Un erizo que vive en el jardín trasero de Simon. Al gato le gusta molestarlo enredando objetos en sus púas.
 El gnomo: Un gnomo parecido al que rompe el gato en el video Let Me In''. A menudo lo utiliza para conseguir comida y le considera su amigo, aparentemente ignorando que se trata de un ser inanimado.
 Teddy: Un cachorro de gato, presente en seis capítulos (Double Trouble, Catnap, Icecapade, Screen Grab, Suit Case e Mirror Mirror), que llega a la casa de Simon y a pesar de su corta edad da pruebas de ser más avispado que su compañero.
 Las gatitas
 Chloe
 Maisy
 Jazz
 Ardilla
 Rumble

Bibliografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página web oficial
 Canal oficial en YouTube
 Página oficial en Facebook
 Página oficial en Twitter
 Tandem Films

Series web
Fenómenos de Internet
Gatos de ficción

Simon's Cat


The Workers' Socialist Federation was a socialist political party in the United Kingdom, led by Sylvia Pankhurst.  Under many different names, it gradually broadened its politics from a focus on women's suffrage to eventually become a left communist grouping.

East London Federation of the WSPU
It originated as the East London Federation of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU, better known as the Suffragettes).  The East London Federation was founded by Dr Richard Pankhurst and his wife Emmeline Pankhurst in 1893, and differed from its parent organisation in being democratic and including men, such as George Lansbury.

By this point, Sylvia had many disagreements with the route the WSPU was taking.  She wanted an explicitly socialist organisation tackling wider issues than women's suffrage, aligned with the Independent Labour Party, based among working class people in the East End of London.  She also wanted to focus on collective workers' action, not individual attacks on property.

East London Federation of Suffragettes
These and other differences, including personal ones, led to Sylvia's expulsion, along with the East London Federation, from the WSPU.  In early 1914, they renamed themselves the East London Federation of Suffragettes (ELFS) and launched a newspaper, the Women's Dreadnought.

At first, the group campaigned for universal suffrage and agitated among parliamentarians, with the assistance of Keir Hardie.  But with the outbreak of World War I, they began also to attack participation in the war, supporting the positions of the Zimmerwald Conference.  This view initially lost the group support, but they began work to ameliorate suffering in the East End.

The ELFS got a chain of cost price restaurants set up, and itself set up a toy factory, free clinic and Montessori nursery.  They also agitated for widow's pensions and dependent's allowances.

Workers' Suffrage Federation
As public opinion turned against the war, the group gained new support, and its newspaper increased its circulation.  To reflect its now broader political positions, in March 1916 it renamed itself the Workers' Suffrage Federation (WSF). Similarly, in July 1917, the newspaper was renamed the Workers' Dreadnought.  From the start of 1917, it adopted a new aim: "to secure Human Suffrage, namely, a Vote, for every Woman and Man of full age, and to win Social and Economic Freedom for the People".

The WSF supported the 1916 Irish Rising and became a leading proponent of improved social welfare while continuing agitation for a universal franchise. As such, it opposed the Franchise Bill which ultimately gave women in Britain the vote in general elections as the restrictions on women voting were much stricter than those on men.

Despite its evolving position, during much of 1917, the party remained focused on campaigning for universal suffrage and an end to World War I. It welcomed the February Revolution in Russia, largely on the basis that it would establish a Constituent Assembly elected by universal suffrage and withdraw Russia from the war. As the months went by, the WSF noted in Workers' Dreadnought that a situation of dual power had broken out between the Petrograd Soviet and the Russian Provisional Government, and upon analyzing the attitudes of the various socialist faction, decided to align with the Bolsheviks.

The party then enthusiastically supported the October Revolution of 1917, which acted as a catalyst that changed their position from supporting universal suffrage towards anti-parliamentarism. When, in January 1918, the new Bolshevik government in Russia dissolved the Assembly, the group now welcomed its replacement by the All-Russian Congress of Soviets and now argued that Soviets were the most democratic form of government. The WSF also looked forward to the Russian withdrawal from the war, welcoming the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk as a step towards peace. During this period, the WSF led campaigns against the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, with the slogan "Hands off Russia". The WSF demanded that the British government negotiate peace with Soviet Russia, urged the labour movement to take action in support of the Soviet government, and eventually called on workers' to launch a general strike that would force an end to the intervention. In the April 1918 issue of Workers' Dreadnought, Pankhurst argued that the most effective way to aid the Soviet government in Russia would be to establish workers' councils in Britain, and later insisted that a world revolution would be needed to overthrow global capitalism in order for the Russian Revolution to survive.

Workers' Socialist Federation
The WSF's support for the soviet system led them to doubt the possibility of establishing socialism through a parliamentary system, increasingly arguing that only the Soviets could form the "guiding and co-ordinating machinery" of the social revolution. In May 1918, the party's conference agreed to again rename the group, now as the Workers' Socialist Federation, reflecting its growing opposition to Parliamentarism. However, their views on parliamentarism remained in a state of transition, with substantial internal disagreement on the issue. As preparation for the 1918 United Kingdom general election was underway, the WSF stated that it would not stand candidates in the election, Pankhurst herself refusing to stand for the Sheffield Hallam constituency, but it remained willing to support other socialist candidates for Parliament. The group went on to support the Socialist Labour Party's (SLP) three candidates in the election, along with independent socialists David Kirkwood and John Maclean, and permitted individual members to campaign for Labour Party candidates.

By March 1919, the WSF had moved to a hardline anti-parliamentary position, with Pankhurst arguing socialists needed to choose between "perpetuating the Parliamentary system" or building up "an industrial republic on Soviet lines." At the party's conference in June 1919, it voted to ignore all future elections, and also to follow the advice of the Third International by opening discussions with other socialist groups with the aim of forming a single communist party. As a result, it organised meetings in London later in the month, which were attended both by anti-parliamentarists such as the WSF and South Wales Socialist Society (SWSS), as well as by supporters of "Revolutionary Parliamentarism", including the SLP and British Socialist Party (BSP). Pankhurst wrote to Vladimir Lenin in July 1919, asking for his support for the party's opposition to standing in elections; but to her disappointment, he argued that renouncing parliamentary action would be a mistake. While not changing its views, the WSF accordingly deprioritised this policy in the hope of furthering the unity negotiations, a decision criticised by Rose Witcop of the Communist League.

It also began working with the London Workers' Committee.

Alongside the question of parliamentary action, the issue of affiliation to the Labour Party provided another roadblock to the unity negotiations. In March 1920, the WSF's executive committee declared that "if the BSP refuses to withdraw from the Labour Party, we get on with [the] formation of [a] Communist Party." By June 1920, it had become apparent that the unity negotiations would not satisfy all the participants, as they were unable to agree either on the issues of parliamentary action or whether the new communist party should attempt to affiliate to the Labour Party. In an attempt to get ahead of the Communist Unity Convention, which they believed would be dominated by those on the "right-wing" that favored parliamentarism and affiliation, the WSF instead called an "Emergency Conference", inviting all the "left-wing communists" which opposed parliamentarism and affiliation.

Communist Party (British Section of the Third International)

The conference was held in June 1920 but was attended only by WSF members, some local groups and independents.  It agreed to form the Communist Party (British Section of the Third International) (CP(BSTI)) and voted to boycott future unity meetings.  Instead, it attempted to interest the SLP in a merger.  They proposed opening discussions with the Socialist Party of Great Britain and the British Section of the International Socialist Labour Party, but then withdrew, leaving the exercise a failure.  However, the CP(BSTI) did gain influence in the Scottish Communist Labour Party and the tiny Communist Party of South Wales and the West of England was formed on their platform.

The BSP had meanwhile formed the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).  Lenin called on other communists to join the new party, and the CP(BSTI) was one of the groups covered in his work Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder.  Although Workers Dreadnaught was openly critical of this pamphlet, Pankhurst attended the Second Congress of the Comintern, where Lenin personally persuaded Sylvia that her objections were less important than unity, and that it would be possible to maintain an anti-Parliamentary opposition within the CPGB.  Pankhurst called a conference, inviting the English Shop Stewards' and Workers' Committee Movement, the Communist Labour Party, the Scottish Workers' Committee and the Glasgow Communist Group.  She was arrested in September, but with the support of Willie Gallacher, all the groups at the conference bar Guy Aldred's Glasgow Communist Group agreed to merge with the Communist Party of Great Britain in January 1921.

After a period, Pankhurst was instructed to place the Workers' Dreadnought under the control of the party, which she refused to do.  In particular, she criticised the Communist Party members of the Poplar Board of Guardians for agreeing to reduce outdoor Poor Law relief, which was cited as the reason for her expulsion from the CPGB in September 1921.  While the idea of democratic centralism, newly accepted as the governing principle for the CPGB, would seem to suggest that she was in breach of discipline, Labour Monthly continued as the personal organ of R. P. Dutt and even received subsidies.

Communist Workers' Party

Pankhurst reorganised her group of supporters around Workers Dreadnought, and began criticising the admittance of trade unions to the Red International of Labour Unions, and warning that they felt the Bolsheviks were beginning to "slip to the right". The decline in class conflict that culminated in the dissolution of the Shop Stewards Movement had reignited debates over trade unionism within the British socialist movement, which split into two camps: the "Amalgamationists" that advocated the amalgamation of existing trade unions into industrial unions and "Dual Unionists" that advocated for building new industrial unions from scratch. Where trade unionists aligned with the CPGB largely pursued amalgamation, the Dreadnought group had moved away from that position towards dual unionism, with Pankhurst writing in an August 1921 article that workers needed to unite into One Big Union capable of abolishing capitalism. Pankhurst criticised the attempts to reform existing trade unions from within, drawing parallels between the amalgamationists' tactic of trying to change union leadership from within and earlier socialist experiences with electoralism, arguing that institutional trade unionism needed to be abolished entirely and replaced with industrial unionism.

The Dreadnought group advocated grouping together Industrial Unions under the auspices of the "All-Workers Revolutionary Union": intended as "One Big Union" which would unite all workers in a struggle against capitalism. In February 1922, the Dreadnought group established the Communist Workers' Party (CWP), with this newly-adopted industrial unionist policy as its foundation. In the party's programme, it stated its aim as such:

The CWP had been influenced by the formation of the General Workers' Union of Germany (AAUD) by the Communist Workers' Party of Germany (KAPD) during the German Revoution. They intended as such to establish a British counterpart to the AAUD, just as the CWP was intended as the British counterpart to the KAPD. Taking the AAUd's programme as a basis, in September 1922 the CWP established the All-Workers' Revolutionary Union (AWRU) in order to implement its revolutionary unionist goals, envisioning the AWRU as the One Big Union that would itself manage the transition to socialism. The union organized itself along industrial unionist lines, where recallable delegates were elected by workshops, factories, districts, areas and national councils from the bottom-up. The CWP was quickly rendered redundant and was subsequently superseded by the AWRU, as the AWRU adopted the CWP's entire programme as its own and developed it into an even more comprehensive one than the CWP's, with membership of the AWRU being accepted only on the condition of adhering to all six points of the CWP platform:
to spread communist ideas;
electoral abstention and anti-parliamentary propaganda;
refusal of affiliation to the Labour Party or any other reformist organisation;
to emancipate workers from the existing trade unions;
to organise 'One Revolutionary Union' as the forerunner of the workers' councils;
and affiliation to the Communist Workers International (KAI).

The foundation of the AWRU was grounded in the CWP's prefigurative politics, as the AWRU was intended to itself organise the workers' councils which would then seize the means of production and form the basis of a council communist society, with the CWP even claiming in 1923 that "Communism and the All-Workers' Revolutionary Union are synonymous." This model stood in contrast to how the Soviets of the Russian Revolution and the workers' councils of the German Revolution had formed, largely spontaneously without their development by pre-existing organisations, but in Britain this kind of organising was no longer possible since the decline of the strike movement.  However the model of dual unionism never bore fruit in Britain either, as its material circumstances were far different from that of the United States, where the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) had seen success. The lack of reception to dual unionism meant that the organisation of the AWRU existed largely within the CWP's literature in Workers' Dreadnought. When the AWRU announced its campaign to build the "One Big Union" in July 1923, they also admitted that they had no funds and very few people. Despite optimism concerning a rise in revolutionary sentiment, by the end of 1923 the AWRU had dissolved.

Despite the failure of the AWRU, by July 1923 the CWP had announced the formation of the Unemployed Workers' Organisation (UWO), modelled closely on the IWW as an alternative to the CPGB's "reformist" National Unemployed Workers' Movement (NUWM). Initially, this attracted numerous former members of the NUWM, sometimes even whole branches throughout London. By the start of 1924, it claimed 3,000 members, mostly in London but also with a branch in Leeds. The organisation grew rapidly, which ended up becoming counterintuitive to the UWO's aims of organising an "army of production", given its members were made up of the unemployed.

In the end, no national group was formally constituted, and they later referred to their network as the Communist Workers Group, although it was by that point a very small party. On 14 June 1924, Workers' Dreadnought ceased publication, bringing a definitive end to the CWP.

Honorary Treasurers
1913: Sybil Smith
1913: Sybil Thomas
1914: Evelina Haverfield
1915: Edgar Lansbury
1916: Norah Smyth

References

Bibliography

1913 establishments in the United Kingdom
1924 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Defunct communist parties in the United Kingdom
Feminist organisations in the United Kingdom
Left communist organizations
Political parties established in 1921
Political parties disestablished in 1924
Communist Party of Great Britain breakaway groups

United Kingdom

Workers' Socialist Federation


Salvia halophila (Tuzcul ada çayı), Lamiaceae (ballıbabagiller) familyasına ait, çok yıllık otsu bir bitki türü.

Salvia halophila İran-Turan fitocoğrafik bölgesinin endemik bir bitki türüdür. İç Anadolu'nun tuzlu bozkırlarında 950-1000 metre yükseklikte yetişir. Türkiye'de Konya ve Niğde illerinde yayılış yapar. Salvia virgata ile ilgilidir, ancak ondan daha düşük seviyede büyüyen, hemen hemen dümdüz kenarlı kalın yapraklar vardır ve daha sonra çiçek açar. Kromozom sayısı da farklıdır. Çiçeklenme zamanı ağustos-ekim ayları arasıdır.

Dik gövdeli 50 cm yüksekliğinde çok yıllık bitkidir. Üstten dallanmış, altta yoğun salgısız veya salgılı-cılız tüylü, üstte ise salgılı-cılız tüylüdür. Yapraklar basit, yumurtamsı-dikdörtgen, 6-9 x 3-4,5 cm, biraz kalın dokulu, üstte yumuşak cılız tüylü, altta yüreksi-kesik kütdişçikli hemen hemen dümdüzdür. Yaprak sapı 4–7 cm'dir. Dairesel çiçekler birbirine mesafeli 4-6 çiçeklidir. Bırakteler yumurtamsı ucu sipsivri  6 x 5 mm'dir. Yaprak sapı 1–3 mm uzunluğundadır. Çanak yapraklar yumurtamsı-hunimsi, 6–8 mm, salgılı cılız tüylüdür. Çiçekteki üst dudak üç dişli, kısa mukronat, meyvede geriye kıvrıktır. Taç yapraklar soluk leylak, 12–17 mm, tüp yukarıya doğru kademeli olarak genişler, clız tüylü demetsi, üst dudak oraksıdır. Fındıkçıklar yumurtamsı-üçgen, 1.5 x 1 mm'dir. Kromozom sayısı 2n = 18'dir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

halophila
Türkiye'deki endemik bitkiler
Tuzcul bitkiler
Konya florası
Niğde florası

Salvia halophila


Blaine Nathaniel Sexton (* 3. Mai 1892 in Windsor, Nova Scotia, Kanada; † 29. April 1966 in London, Vereinigtes Königreich) war ein britischer Eishockeyspieler.

Karriere
Blaine Sexton nahm für die britische Nationalmannschaft an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1924 in Chamonix und 1928 in St. Moritz teil. Mit seinem Team gewann er bei den Winterspielen 1924 die Bronzemedaille. Zudem vertrat er Großbritannien bei der Europameisterschaft 1926 sowie der Weltmeisterschaft 1930.

Im Jahr 1950 wurde Sexton in die British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame aufgenommen.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1924 Bronzemedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen
 1950 Aufnahme in die British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame

Weblinks
 Eintrag in der British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame

Eishockeynationalspieler (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Mitglied der British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame
Geboren 1892
Gestorben 1966
Mann
Brite
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1924
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1928

Blaine Sexton


Intet Menneskebarn er debutalbummet fra det danske folkmetalband Huldre. Det blev udgivet i den 10. juni 2012 og blev godt modtaget af anmelderne.

Spor
 "Ulvevinter" - 4:01
 "Trold" - 4:49
 "Skovpolska" - 3:34
 "Brandridt" - 6:39
 "Gennem Marksen" - 3:24
 "Vaageblus" - 6:21
 "Havgus" - 3:42
 "Spillemand" - 3:02
 "Beirblakken" (traditionel) - 5:22
 "Knoglekvad" - 3:36
 "Skærsild" - 6:05

Personel
 Bjarne Kristiansen - bas
 Jacob Lund - trommer, percussion
 Lasse Olufson  - guitar, lut
 Laura Emilie Beck - violin
 Nanna Barslev - vokal
 Troels Dueholm Nørgaard - fløjte, drejelire

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
Huldre - Intet Menneskebarn på Discogs
Intet Menneskebarn på Encyclopaedia Metallum

Debutalbum fra 2012
Folkemetal-album
Album fra Danmark

Intet Menneskebarn


Romanen Frankenstein af Mary Shelley har inspireret flere film:

 Stumfilm
 Frankenstein (film fra 1910)
 Life Without Soul (1915)
 Il Mostro di Frankenstein (1920)

 filmserie fra Universal Studios
 Frankenstein (film fra 1931)
 Frankensteins brud (original: Bride of Frankenstein) (1935)
 Son of Frankenstein (1939)
 The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942)
 Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943)
 House of Frankenstein (film fra 1944)
 House of Dracula (1945)
 Bud Abbott Lou Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948)

 filmserie fra Hammer Film Productions
 The Curse of Frankenstein (1957)
 The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958)
 The Evil of Frankenstein (1963)
 Frankenstein Created Woman (1967)
 Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed (1969)
 The Horror of Frankenstein (1970)
 Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell (1974)

 andre film baseret på romanen
 Flesh for Frankenstein (1973)
 Frankenstein: The True Story (1973)
 Frankenstein Unbound (1990)
 Frankenstein (film fra 1992)
 Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994)
 Frankenstein (film fra 2004)
 Frankenstein (film fra 2007)
 Frankenstein (film fra 2015)

 film løst baseret på romanen
 Frankenstein 1970 (1958)
 Frankenstein junior (originaltitel: Young Frankenstein) (1974)
 The Bride (1985)
 I, Frankenstein (2014)
 Victor Frankenstein'' (2015)

Frankenstein (film)


Europski korpus solidarnosti, prije poznat kao Europska volonterska služba (EVS), međunarodni je program volontiranja Europske komisije za mlade koji odlaze u drugu zemlju radi neprofitne svrhe.

EVS je bio drugi od pet 'Akcija' programa EU YOUTH, a njime upravlja Opća uprava za obrazovanje i kulturu Europske komisije.

Ideja programa je poslati volontere u dobi od 18 do 30 godina u drugu zemlju, pružajući im osnovna sredstva za uzdržavanje tijekom boravka (smještaj, hranu, osiguranje, putne karte itd.). Program olakšava volontiranje europskih volontera u Europi i svim drugim zemljama svijeta, kao i volontera iz europskih partnerskih zemalja koji će volontirati u zemljama EU.

Program je zamišljen kao dobrobit za volontera, a ne samo kao korist za ljude s kojima bi volonter trebao raditi.

Propisi pretpostavljaju da volonter ne može zauzeti radno mjesto koje bi inače zauzela zaposlena osoba koja za svoj rad prima plaću. Volonteri sudjeluju u projektima koji su vrlo korisni, poput rada s osobama s invaliditetom ili za razne nevladine udruge.

Vanjske poveznice

 Službena stranica
 Otvorite direktorij
 Vodič
 Eyfa wiki na EVS-u
Europska unija

Europski korpus solidarnosti


The Coalition to Stop Gun Violence (CSGV) and the Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence (EFSGV or Ed Fund), its sister organization, were two parts of a national, non-profit gun control advocacy organization opposed to gun violence. Since 1974, it supported reduction in American gun violence via education and legislation.  They ceased operations in 2022 after the EFSGV merged with the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Prevention and Policy to become the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions.

History
In 1974, the United Methodist General Board of Church and Society formed the National Coalition to Ban Handguns, a group of thirty affiliated religious, labor, and nonprofit organizations, with the goal of addressing "the high rates of gun-related crime and death in American society" by requiring licensing of gun owners, registering firearms, and banning private ownership of handguns. "Reasonable limited exceptions" were to be allowed for "police, military, licensed security guards, antique dealers who have guns in unfireable condition, and licensed pistol clubs where firearms are kept on the premises." In the 1980s and 1990s, the coalition expanded to 44 member groups.

In 1989, following the Cleveland Elementary School shooting in Stockton, California, the National Coalition to Ban Handguns changed its name to the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence, in part because the group believed that assault weapons as well as handguns, should be outlawed.

In 2022, the EFSGV merged with the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Prevention and Policy to become the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions.

Mission
According to CSGV, its mission was: "We believe that all Americans have a right to live in communities free from gun violence. We pursue this goal through policy development, strategic engagement, and effective advocacy." The organization had nine areas of focus, regarding issues and campaigns:

 Opposition to the National Rifle Association's interpretation of Second Amendment rights.
 Support for firearm microstamping, a ballistic identification technology intended to allow law enforcement to trace the serial number of a firearm from ejected cartridge cases recovered from crime scenes.
 Ban the private sale of guns by instituting universal background checks.
 Ban concealed carry.
 Opposition to the sale of what it classifies as assault weapons to private citizens.
 Support for "countermarketing", a strategy intended to force changes in gun industry's marketing and distribution practices.
 Opposition to removing the duty to retreat in self-defense law (i.e., stand your ground laws).
 Support for stricter mental health screening for firearm purchases.
 Support for the repeal of the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act.

Former leadership

Joshua Horwitz was the Executive Director of CSGV/EFSGV. He is an attorney who joined the Education Fund in 1989 as Legal Director.
Michael K. Beard was the founding President of the CSGV/EFSGV.

Membership
CSGV consisted of 47 organizations in March 2016. Among them were religious organizations, child welfare advocacy groups, public health professionals, social justice, and political action organizations.

The member groups were:

American Academy of Pediatrics
American Association of Suicidology
American Ethical Union
American Jewish Committee
American Jewish Congress
American Psychiatric Association
American Public Health Association
Americans for Democratic Action
Association of Japanese Families of Gun Violence Victims in the U. S. A.
Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America
The Bible Holiness Movement, International
Center for Science in the Public Interest
Central Conference of American Rabbis
Children's Defense Fund
Child Welfare League of America, Inc.
Church of the Brethren
The Communitarian Network
The Council of The Great City Schools
DC for Democracy
The DISARM Education Fund
Fellowship of Reconciliation
Friends Committee on National Legislation
Jesuit Conference - Office of Social Ministries
Jewish Community Center Association
Jewish Women International
Loretto Community
National Association of School Psychologists
National Association of Social Workers
National Council of Jewish Women
National Council of Negro Women
National Urban League
North American Federation of Temple Youth
Pan American Trauma Association
Peace Action of Washington
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
Union for Reform Judaism
Unitarian Universalist Association
UNITE HERE
United Church of Christ
United Federation of Teachers
United Methodist Church Board of Church & Society
United States Conference of Mayors
United States Student Association
United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism
Woman's National Democratic Club
Women's League for Conservative Judaism
YWCA of U. S. A.

References

External links

1974 establishments in the United States
Charities based in Washington, D.C.
501(c)(4) nonprofit organizations
Gun control advocacy groups in the United States
Organizations established in 1974

Coalition to Stop Gun Violence


Olaylar

 235 - Roma İmparatoru Alexander Severus, kendi lejyonu tarafından düzenlenen bir suikast ile öldürüldü ve İmparatorluğu zayıflatan 3. yüzyıl krizi başladı.
 1299 - Kutsal Roma İmparatoru II. Friedrich, kendini Kudüs Kralı ilan etti.
 1438 - II. Albert, Almanya Kralı oldu.
 1635 - IV. Murad komutasındaki Osmanlı Ordusu, Safevî Devleti'ne karşı Revan Seferine çıktı.
 1799 - Napolyon, Osmanlı Devleti'nin yönetimindeki Akka kalesi önlerine geldi.
 1850 - American Express, Henry Wells ve William Fargo tarafından kuruldu.
 1871 - Paris Komünü kuruldu.
 1913 - Yunan kralı I. George, Selanik'te uğradığı bir suikast sonucu öldü.
 1915 - Çanakkale Deniz Harekâtı: Birleşik Donanma, Çanakkale Boğazı'nda ağır hasar gördü ve geri çekildi.
 1918 - Karayazı, Narman ve Tekman'ın düşman işgalinden kurtuluşu.
 1920 - Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı, İstanbul'un işgali üzerine son toplantısını yaptı ve çalışmalarına ara verme kararı aldı.
 1921 - SSCB ile İkinci Polonya Cumhuriyeti arasında Riga Antlaşması imzalandı.
 1921 - Moğolistan Halk Ordusu kuruldu.
 1925 - ABD'nin üç eyaletini (Missouri, Illinois ve Indiana) etkileyen kasırgada 695 kişi öldü.
 1926 - Finike'de meydana gelen 6.9 şiddetindeki depremde, 27 kişi öldü.
 1926 - Papa Eftim, Bağımsız Türk Ortodoks Patrikhanesi'ni kurdu.
 1937 - Teksas'ın New London kentinde bir okulda meydana gelen doğalgaz patlamasında, çoğunluğu çocuk 300 kişi öldü.
 1938 - Meksika, sınırları dahilindeki tüm yabancı petrol şirketlerini millîleştirdi.
 1940 - Hitler ve Mussolini, Brenner Geçidi'nde buluştu. İtalya, Almanya'nın yanında savaşa girme kararı aldı. Bundan dört yıl sonra aynı gün, Almanlar Macaristan'ı işgale başladı.
 1953 - Balıkesir'in Gönen ilçesinde meydana gelen 7,4 şiddetindeki depremde 265 kişi öldü.
 1956 - Fransa, Cezayir'e asker çıkarmaya başladı.
 1962 - Cezayir Bağımsızlık Savaşı: Fransa Cezayirli direnişçilerle anlaşmaya vardı.
 1965 - İnsanoğlu ilk kez uzayda yürüdü. Sovyet kozmonot Aleksey Leonov, dünyadan 2 bin 177 kilometre yükseklikte, Voskhod-II (Gündoğumu) adlı uzay aracından çıkarak 20 dakika boşlukta kaldı.
 1970 - Kamboçya'da Lon Nol, Prens Norodom Sihanouk'u devirdi.
 1971 - Peru'nun Yanawayin Gölü yamaçlarında toprak kayması meydana geldi. Gölde oluşan 30 metrelik dalgalar, sahilde bulunan Chungar Madencilik Şirketi (Cia Minera Chungar, SA) kampında 200 madencinin ölümüne neden oldu.
 1971 - Mümtaz Soysal, Ankara Sıkıyönetim Komutanlığı'nca gözaltına alınıp tutuklandı.
 1974 - Pakistan'ın devrik Devlet Başkanı Zülfikar Ali Butto, muhaliflerinden birine suikast düzenlettiği iddiasıyla ölüm cezasına çarptırıldı.
 1979 - İran Ordu Güçleri, Doğu Irak'ın Sıne kentini bombaladı. Bombardımanda 400'den fazla sivil hayatını kaybetti.
 1980 - Türkiye'de 12 Eylül 1980 Darbesi'ne Giden Süreç (1979- 12 Eylül 1980): Siverek'teki cenaze töreninde çıkan çatışmada 5 kişi, ülkenin diğer yerlerinde 3 kişi öldürüldü.
 1985 - Bankaların televizyonda reklam yapma yasağı kaldırıldı.
 1986 - Cumhurbaşkanı Kenan Evren, Ceza İnfaz Yasası'ndaki değişiklikleri onayladı ve 50.000'e yakın hükümlünün tahliye işlemleri başlatıldı.
 1989 - Mısır'daki Keops piramidinde, 4400 yıllık bir mumya bulundu.
 1990 - Alman yeniden birleşmesi: Alman Demokratik Cumhuriyeti'nin yaptığı seçimlerden sonra, Alman Demokratik Cumhuriyeti ve Almanya Federal Cumhuriyeti birleşti.
 1992 - Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti'nde siyahlara eşit vatandaşlık hakkı tanıyan, Devlet Başkanı De Klerk tarafından planlanan "Anayasal Reform Tasarısı", halk oylamasıyla kabul edildi.
 1997 - Antonov An-24 tipi bir Rus yolcu uçağının kuyruğu, Türkiye'ye gitmekte olduğu sırada havada koptu. Düşen uçaktaki 50 kişi öldü.
 2000 - Suriye ve Türkiye'de yaşayan ve akraba olan 573 aile, iki ülkenin anlaşması sonucu sınırı geçerek bayramlaştılar.
 2005 - New York'taki bir camide, Cuma namazını ilk defa bir kadın kıldırdı. 1426 yıllık İslami geleneklere göre bu bir ilk.
 2010 - TRT Haber yayına başladı.
 2015 - Tunus'un başkenti Tunus'ta Bardo Millî Müzesi saldırısı gerçekleşti.
 2018 - Vladimir Putin, yapılan seçimler sonucu Rusya'da %76.69 oy ile 3. kez Devlet Başkanı seçildi.
 2020 - Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması koronavirüs pandemisi nedeniyle 2021'e ertelendi.

Doğumlar
 1075 - Zemahşerî, İranlı İslam bilgini (ö. 1144)
 1609 - III. Frederik, Danimarka ve Norveç kralı (ö. 1670)
 1690 - Christian Goldbach, Rus matematikçi (ö. 1764)
 1703 - İmpavido L'leida, İspanyol soprano (ö. 1751)
 1780 - Miloş Obrenoviç, Sırp prens (ö. 1860)
 1782 - John C. Calhoun, Amerikalı devlet adamı (ö. 1850)
 1800 - Aleksa Simić, Sırp siyasetçi (ö. 1872)
 1809 - Joseph Jenkins Roberts, Liberyalı siyasetçi (ö. 1876)
 1813 - Friedrich Hebbel, Alman oyun yazarı (ö. 1863)
 1826 - Joseph René Bellot, Fransız Kuzey Kutbu kâşifi (ö. 1853)
 1828 - Randal Cremer, İngiliz Liberal Parlamento üyesi pasifist ve Nobel Barış Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1908)
 1830 - Fustel de Coulanges, Fransız tarihçisi (ö. 1889)
 1837 - Grover Cleveland, ABD'nin 22. ve 24. Başkanı (ö. 1908)
 1842 - Stéphane Mallarmé, Fransız şair (ö. 1898)
 1843 - Jules Vandenpeereboom, Belçikalı siyasetçi (ö. 1917)
 1844 - Nikolay Rimski-Korsakov, Rus müzisyen, besteci ve müzik eğitimcisi (ö. 1908)
 1856 - Aleksandr İzvolski, Rus diplomat (ö. 1919)
 1858 - Rudolf Diesel, Alman makine mühendisi ve Dizel motorun mucidi (ö. 1913)
 1866 - Cemil Topuzlu, Türk hekim (Türkiye'de modern cerrahinin kurucusu ve İstanbul Belediye Başkanı) (ö. 1958)
 1869 - Neville Chamberlain, İngiliz politikacı (ö. 1940)
 1874 - Nikolay Berdyayev, Rus teolog ve filozof (Hristiyan varoluşçuluğunun önde gelen sözcülerinden) (ö. 1948)
 1877 - Edgar Cayce, Amerikalı medyum (ö. 1945)
 1879 - Varaztad Kazancıyan, Türkiye Ermenisi plastik cerrahi uzmanı doktor (ö. 1968)
 1880 - Walter Hohmann, Alman fizikçi (ö. 1945)
 1892 - Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın, Türk gazeteci, yazar, siyasetçi ve diplomat (ö. 1959)
 1893 - Costante Girardengo, İtalyan profesyonel yol bisikleti yarışçısıydı (ö. 1978)
 1903 - Galeazzo Ciano, İtalya Krallığı'nın Dışişleri bakanı ve Benito Mussolini'nin damadı (ö. 1944)
 1905 - Thomas Townsend Brown, Amerikalı fizikçi (ö. 1985)
 1905 - Robert Donat, İngiliz aktör (ö. 1958)
 1912 - Toto Karaca, Ermeni asıllı Türk opera, tiyatro ve sinema sanatçısı (ö. 1992)
 1913 - René Clément, Fransız film yönetmeni (ö. 1996)
 1913 - Werner Mölders, II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Nazi Almanyası Luftwaffe Ace Pilotuydu (ö. 1941)
 1915 - Refet Angın, Türk öğretmen (ö. 2015)
 1919 - Elizabeth Anscombe, İngiliz analitik filozof (ö. 2001)
 1922 - Seymour Martin Lipset, Amerikalı toplum bilimci (ö. 2006)
 1926 - Peter Graves, Amerikalı sinema ve TV dizileri oyuncusudur (ö. 2010)
 1928 - Fidel Ramos, Filipinli general ve siyasetçi (ö. 2022)
 1929 - Christa Wolf, Alman romancı ve senaryo yazarı (ö. 2011)
 1931 - Vlastimil Bubník, Çek buz hokeyi oyuncusu ve millî futbolcu (ö. 2015)
 1932 - John Updike, Amerikalı yazar (ö. 2009)
 1935 - Frances Cress Welsing, Amerikalı kadın Afrikabilimci ve psikiyatrist (d. 2016)
 1936 - F.W. de Klerk, Güney Afrikalı politikacı ve Nobel Barış Ödülü sahibi (ö. 2021)
 1940 - Namık Ekin, Türk asker ve judocu
 1942 - Romalı Perihan, Türk soprano, ressam, manken ve oyuncu (ö. 2016)
 1953 - Nilgün Belgün, Türk dizi, sinema ve tiyatro oyuncusu
 1956 - Luc Besson, Fransız film yapımcısı
 1959 - Gökalp Baykal, Türk müzisyen, mimar, öğretim görevlisi ve yazar
 1960 - Richard Biggs, Amerikalı aktör (ö. 2004)
 1965 - Robin Sharma, Hint asıllı Kanadalı yazar
 1969 - Bekir Aksoy, Türk oyuncu
 1969 - Vassily Ivanchuk, Ukraynalı satranç oyuncusu
 1970 - Queen Latifah, Amerikan rapçi, aktris ve şarkıcı
 1972 - Dane Cook, Amerikalı stand-up sanatçısı ve oyuncu
 1972 - Necmi Yapıcı, Türk dizi ve sinema filmi oyuncusu
 1973 - Vural Çelik, Türk sinema, tiyatro ve dizi oyuncusu
 1975 - Sutton Foster, Amerikalı aktris, şarkıcı ve dansçıdır
 1977 - Willy Sagnol, Fransız eski millî futbolcudur
 1977 - Danny Murphy, İngiliz eski futbolcudur
 1978 - Fernandão, Brezilyalı futbolcu (ö. 2014)
 1979 - Adam Levine, Amerikalı şarkıcı ve besteci
 1979 - Danneel Harris, Amerikalı aktris
 1980 - Sébastien Frey, Fransız futbolcu
 1980 - Aleksey Yagudin, Rus buz patenci
 1980 - Natalia Poklonskaya, Ukraynalı hukukçu ve Kırım Cumhuriyeti eski Başsavcısı
 1981 - Fabian Cancellara, emekli İsviçreli profesyonel yol bisikleti yarışçısı
 1981 - Jang Na-ra, Güney Koreli şarkıcı ve aktris
 1981 - Laura Pergolizzi, Amerikalı şarkıcı ve söz yazarı
 1981 - Tom Starke, Alman futbolcudur
 1982 - Paola Cardullo, İtalyan voleybolcu
 1982 - Mantorras, Angolalı millî futbolcudur
 1982 - Timo Glock, Alman F1 pilotu
 1983 - Ethan Carter III, Amerikalı profesyonel güreşçi
 1984 - Simone Padoin, İtalyan futbolcu
 1986 - Lykke Li, İsveçli şarkıcı, söz yazarı ve model
 1988 - Tanju Şahin, Türk futbolcu
 1989 - Lily Collins, Amerikalı oyuncu, model ve TV muhabiri
 1991 - Tijana Malešević, Sırp voleybolcu
 1994 - Ali İsmail Korkmaz, Türk öğrenci (ö. 2013)
 1997 - Ciara Bravo, Amerikalı seslendirme sanatçısı
 1998 - Orel Mangala, Belçikalı futbolcu
 1999 - Neslihan Demir, Türk basketbolcu

Ölümler
 235 - Alexander Severus, Roma imparatoru (d. 208)
 978 - Edward, 975 yılından öldürüldüğü 978 yılına kadar İngiltere Kralı (d. 962)
 1227 - III. Honorius, 18 Temmuz 1216 - 18 Mart 1227 doneminde Papalık yapmıştır (d. 1148)
 1314 - Jacques de Molay, Tapınak Şövalyelerinin 23. büyük üstadı
 1584 - IV. İvan (Korkunç İvan), Rus Çarı (d. 1530)
 1703 - Maria de Dominici, Maltalı bir ressam, heykeltıraş ve Karmelit üçüncü derecede bir rahibeydi (d. 1645)
 1745 - Robert Walpole, İngiliz politikacı (d. 1676)
 1768 - Laurence Sterne, İrlandalı yazar (d. 1713)
 1869 - Pauline Fourès, Fransız ressam ve roman yazarı (d. 1778)
 1871 - Augustus De Morgan, Britanyalı matematikçi ve mantıkçı (d. 1806)
 1876 - Ferdinand Freiligrath, Alman çevirmen ve şair (d. 1810)
 1913 - I. George, Yunanistan Kralı (d. 1845)
 1929 - Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi, Özbek şair, yazar ve edebi çevirmen (d. 1889)
 1936 - Elefterios Venizelos, Yunan politikacı (d. 1864)
 1937 - Mélanie Bonis, Fransız geç romantik dönem bestecisi (d. 1858)
 1945 - Teyfuk Abdul, Sovyetler Birliği Kahramanı madalyalı Kırım Tatarı askeri (d. 1915)
 1964 - Norbert Wiener, Amerikalı matematikçi ve sibernetik biliminin kurucusu (d. 1894)
 1965 - I. Faruk, Mısır Kralı (d. 1920)
 1967 - Julio Baghy, Macar aktör (d. 1891)
 1977 - Marien Ngouabi, Kongolu asker ve siyasetçi (d. 1938)
 1980 - Erich Fromm, Amerikalı sosyolog (d. 1900)
 1981 - Cahide Sonku, Türk sinema ve tiyatro oyuncusu (Türk sinemasının ilk kadın film yönetmeni ve ilk kadın yıldızı) (d. 1919)
 1982 - Vasili Çuykov, Sovyetler Birliği Mareşali (d. 1900)
 1986 - Bernard Malamud, Amerikalı yazar (d. 1914)
 1993 - Beyhan Cenkçi, Türk gazeteci (d. 1935)
 1995 - Sadri Alışık, Türk sinemacı (d. 1925)
 1996 - Odisseus Elitis, Yunan şair ve Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahibi (d. 1911)
 2001 - John Phillips, Amerikalı şarkıcı ve müzisyen (d. 1935)
 2003 - Adam Osborne, İngiliz-Amerikalı yazar, yayıncı ve bilgisayar tasarımcısıdır (d. 1939)
 2008 - Anthony Minghella, İngiliz film yönetmeni ve En İyi Yönetmen Akademi Ödülü sahibi (d. 1954)
 2009 - Natasha Richardson, Britanyalı oyuncu (d. 1963)
 2010 - Fess Parker, Amerikalı film ve televizyon oyuncusudur (d. 1924)
 2012 - V. George Tupou, Tonga'nın eski kralı (d. 1948)
 2015 - Richard Gruenther, Amerikalı bir modern pentatloncuydu (d. 1924)
 2016 - Jan Němec, Çek film yönetmeni ve senarist (d. 1936)
 2016 - Joe Santos, Amerikalı oyuncudur (d. 1931)
 2016 - Lothar Späth, Alman siyasetçi (d. 1937)
 2016 - John Urry, İngiliz toplum bilimci (d. 1946)
 2016 - Guido Westerwelle, Alman hukukçu, diplomat ve siyasetçi (d. 1961)
 2017 - Chuck Berry, Amerikalı müzisyen (d. 1926)
 2017 - Ashwin Sundar, Hint otomobil yarışçısı (d. 1985)
 2018 - Li Ao, Çinli -Tayvanlı yazar, sosyal yorumcu, tarihçi ve bağımsız politikacıdır (d. 1935)
 2019 - Egon Balas, Rumen akademisyen ve matematikçidir (d. 1922)
 2019 - György Baló, Macar radyo, televizyon sunucusu, gazeteci ve akademisyendir (d. 1947)
 2019 - John Carl Buechler, Amerikalı özel efekt sanatçısı, senarist, film yapımcısı, yönetmeni ve oyuncu (d. 1952)
 2019 - Jerrie Cobb, Amerikalı kadın havacı ve pilot (d. 1931)
 2020 - Rose Marie Compaoré, Burkina Fasolu politikacı (d. 1958)
 2020 - Luciano Federici, İtalyan profesyonel futbolcudur (d. 1938)
 2020 - Joaquín Peiró, İspanyol eski futbolcu ve teknik direktör (d. 1936)
 2020 - Henri Richelet, Fransız ressam (d. 1944)
 2020 - Sérgio Trindade, Brezilyalı kimya mühendisi ve araştırmacı (d. 1940)
 2021 - Luis Bedoya Reyes, Perulu siyasetçi (d. 1919)
 2021 - Mehmet Genç, Türk tarihçi (d. 1934)
 2021 - Richard Gilliland, Amerikalı televizyon ve sinema oyuncusu (d. 1950)
 2022 - Boris Romançenko, Ukraynalı halk figürü, aktivist ve Holokost mağduru (d. 1926)
 2023 - Vladimir Çernavin, Sovyet-Rus rütbeli asker (d. 1928)
 2023 - Gloria Dea, Amerikalı aktris, dansçı ve sihirbaz (d. 1922)
 2023 - Valeri Sinau, Sovyet-Rus profesyonel futbolcu ve teknik adam (d. 1944)
 2023 - Pedro Solbes, İspanyol iş adamı ve bakan (d. 1942)
 2023 - Labo Yari, Nijeryalı yazar (d. 1942)

Tatiller ve özel günler
 Türkiye - 18 Mart Çanakkale Zaferi ve Şehitleri Anma Günü
 Yaşlılara Saygı Haftası
 Erzurum'un Karayazı ilçesinden Rus ve Ermeni birliklerinin geri çekilişi (1918)
 Erzurum'un Narman ilçesinden Rus ve Ermeni birliklerinin geri çekilişi (1918)
 Erzurum'un Tekman ilçesinden Rus ve Ermeni birliklerinin geri çekilişi (1918)

0318
18

18 Mart


Philipp Jankowski (* 15. Oktober 1991 in Berlin) ist ein deutscher Volleyballspieler.

Karriere
Jankowski begann seine Karriere beim Nachwuchs des Bundesligisten SCC Berlin. Mit den Charlottenburgern gewann er dreimal die deutsche Junioren-Meisterschaft und mit der deutschen Junioren-Nationalmannschaft nahm er an diversen Turnieren teil. Nach der Europameisterschaft 2010 spielte er eine Saison beim VC Olympia Berlin. 2011 nahm er an der Junioren-Weltmeisterschaft in Brasilien teil. Von 2011 bis 2013 spielte Jankowski beim Bundesligisten Netzhoppers Königs Wusterhausen.  Anschließend wechselte der Zuspieler zum Ligakonkurrenten Generali Haching. Nach dem Rückzug der Hachinger aus der Bundesliga ging Jankowski zum TV Rottenburg.

Weblinks
 Profil beim TV Rottenburg
 Ranglisten 2012 - Männer (pdf; 379 kB)

Einzelnachweise

Volleyballspieler (Deutschland)
Volleyballspieler (Berlin Recycling Volleys)
Volleyballspieler (VC Olympia Berlin)
Volleyballspieler (Netzhoppers Königs Wusterhausen)
Volleyballspieler (TSV Unterhaching)
Volleyballspieler (TV Rottenburg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1991
Mann

Philipp Jankowski