STS-65 was a Space Shuttle program mission of Columbia launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 8 July 1994. The flight carried a crew of 7 and was commanded by Robert D. Cabana who would go on later to lead the Kennedy Space Center. STS-65 was an international science mission that carried the International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) on an 15-day mission. Columbia returned to the Kennedy Space Center on 23 July 1994.

Crew

Backup crew

Mission highlights

The International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) was the second in a series of Spacelab (SL) flights designed to conduct research in a microgravity environment. The IML concept enabled a scientist to apply results from one mission to the next and to broaden the scope and variety of investigations between missions. Data from the IML missions contributed to the research base for the space station.

As the name implies, IML-2 was an international mission. Scientists from the European Space Agency (ESA), Canada, France, Germany and Japan collaborated with NASA on the IML-2 mission to provide the worldwide science community with a variety of complementary facilities and experiments. These facilities and experiments were mounted in twenty 19" racks in the IML 2 Module.

Research on IML-2 was dedicated to microgravity and life sciences. Microgravity science covers a broad range of activities from understanding the fundamental physics involved in material behavior to using those effects to generate materials that cannot otherwise be made in the gravitational environment of the Earth. In life sciences research, a reduction of gravitation's effect allows certain characteristics of cells and organisms to be studied in isolation. These reduced gravitational effects also pose poorly understood occupational health problems for space crews ranging from space adaptation syndrome to long-term hormonal changes. On IML-2, the microgravity science and life sciences experiments were complementary in their use of SL resources. Microgravity science tends to draw heavily on spacecraft power while life sciences places the greatest demand on crew time.

Life Sciences Experiments and facilities on IML-2 included: Aquatic Animal Experiment Unit (AAEU) in Rack 3, Biorack (BR) in Rack 5, Biostack (BSK) in Rack 9, Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Program (EDOMP) and Spinal Changes in Microgravity (SCM) in the Center Isle, Lower Body Negative Pressure Device (LBNPD), Microbial Air Sampler (MAS), Performance Assessment Workstation (PAWS) in the middeck, Slow Rotating Centrifuge Microscope (NIZEMI) in Rack 7, Real Time Radiation Monitoring Device (RRMD) and the Thermoelectric Incubator (TEI) both in Rack 3.

Microgravity experiments and facilities on IML-2 included: Applied Research on Separation Methods (RAMSES) in Rack 6, Bubble, Drop and Particle Unit (BDPU) in Rack 8, Critical Point Facility (CPF) in Rack 9, Electromagnetic Containerless Processing Facility (TEMPUS) in Rack 10, Free Flow Electrophoresis Unit (FFEU) in Rack 3, Large Isothermal Furnace (LIF) in Rack 7, Quasi Steady Acceleration Measurement (QSAM) in Rack 3, Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) in the Center Isle, and Vibration Isolation Box Experiment System (VIBES) in Rack 3.

Other payloads on this mission were: Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF), Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) Calibration Test, Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE), Military Application of Ship Tracks (MAST), Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment-II (SAREX-II). Columbia flew with an Extended Duration Orbiter (ED0) pallet and no RMS Arm was installed. This was also the 1st flight of the payload bay door torque box modification on Columbia and the 1st flight of new OI-6 main engine software.

Mission overview

The second in the series of International Microgravity Laboratory payloads (IML-2) was launched on the Space Shuttle Columbia'''s STS-65 mission on 8 July 1994. After remaining in orbit around the Earth for 15 days, the Shuttle landed on 23 July. The seven-member crew included a Japanese astronaut, who was the first Japanese woman in space.

Besides NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the space agencies of Japan (NASDA), Canada (CSA), Germany (DLR), and France (CNES) sponsored experiments on the mission. Investigators from a total of 13 countries participated in research into the behavior of materials and life in microgravity.

The IML-2 payload consisted of more than 80 experiments in microgravity and life sciences, including five life science experiments developed by American researchers. Of these, Ames Research Center sponsored two experiments using newts and jellyfish. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) sponsored the PEMBSIS experiment, designed to study plant embryogenesis in microgravity.

Life Sciences Research Objectives

The objective of the newt experiment was to study the early development of gravity-sensing organs (see figure). The utricle and saccule are specialized organs present in the inner ears of all vertebrate animals. They contain otoliths (or otoconia), calcium carbonate stones, which are deposited on a gelatinous membrane that lies over the sensory hair cells. The pull that gravity exerts on the otoliths is sensed by the hair cells, and information about the gravitational stimulus is transmitted to the brain via connecting nerve fibers. The experiment was designed to determine whether otolith production and development of otolith-associated receptor cells and nerve fibers may be altered in the microgravity environment of space.

The jellyfish experiment was designed to study behavior and development in space. Behavioral parameters studied included swimming, pulsing, and orientation. Study of developmental processes focused on gravity-sensing organs. The experiment also sought to determine the level of artificial gravity stimulus needed to counteract any negative effects of space flight.

The objective of the plant embryogenesis (PEMBSIS) experiment was to evaluate whether space flight affected the pattern and developmental progression of embryonic daylilies from one well-defined stage to another. It also examined whether cell division (mitosis) and chromosome behavior were modified by the space environment.

Life Sciences Payload

Organisms
Adults and larvae of the Japanese Red-Bellied Newt species (Cynopus pyrrhogaster) were used in the newt experiment. This species was selected for study partly because the vestibular system of very young newts undergoes most of its development in a period of time equivalent to the planned mission duration. Furthermore, adult females can be induced to lay eggs by injecting them with a hormone. Their eggs develop in orbit and mature in the microgravity environment to provide scientists with a sample of embryos that have undergone early development in microgravity.

Moon Jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) served as experiment subjects for the jellyfish experiment. Both the sedentary polyp stage and the free-swimming ephyra stage of the jellyfish were studied.

The PEMBSIS experiment studied embryogenically competent daylily (Hemerocallis cv. Autumn Blaze) cells.

Hardware
Newt adults and larvae were housed in cassette-type water tanks in the Aquarium Package within the Aquatic Animal Experiment Unit (AAEU), developed by NASDA, the Japanese space agency. The AAEU is a life support unit that can keep fish or other aquatic animals alive for at least 19 days in the Spacelab. It consists of a Main Unit, an Aquarium Package, and a Fish Package, each of which has an independent life support system. In IML-2, each cassette held an egg container with individual egg holes (6-mm diameter, approximately 12 mm deep).

A slow rotating centrifuge microscope and camera system, Nizemi, developed by DLR (formerly DARA), the German space agency, was used to examine and videotape the behavior of the jellyfish ephyrae and polyps at up to 15 varying levels of G and at a temperature of 28 °C (to facilitate swimming activity). The Nizemi provides observation of samples under variable acceleration levels between 10–3 and 1.5 G and a controllable temperature between 18 and 37 °C.

Jellyfish were housed in the European Space Agency's Biorack facility within Biorack Type I containers. For descriptions of the facility and containers, see IML-1.

A Refrigerator/Incubator Module (R/IM) held fixed jellyfish specimens. The R/IM is a temperature-controlled holding unit flown in the Shuttle middeck that maintains a cooled or heated environment. It is divided into two holding cavities and can contain up to six shelves accommodating experiment hardware. An Ambient Temperature Recorder (ATR-4) was placed inside the R/IM. For a general description of the ATR-4, see IML-1.

The PEMBSIS experiment used hardware provided by the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan. As part of the NASDA Life Science Cell Culture Kit, this experiment used six petri-dish-like Plant Fixation Chambers (PFCs). The PFCs were used to hold the cultured plant cells for the PEMBSIS experiment. These containers are completely sealed. The PFCs allow plant cells exposed to space flight to be fixed in orbit by insertion of a chemical fixative via syringe through a septum port.

Operations

Preflight
PEMBSIS cell cultures were prepared about a week before launch. Twelve chambers were filled with a semi-solid medium. Six were transported to KSC and kept in an unlit incubator at 22±2 °C until they were loaded into the Shuttle. The other six were used as ground controls.

Approximately 36 hours before launch, 148 prefertilized newt eggs were loaded into the three cassettes of the AAEU. Four adult newts were also loaded into the cassettes; two cassettes each contained one newt apiece, while a third contained two. Fresh, aerated water at 24 °C circulated continuously through the unit. A similar unit was maintained at KSC as a ground-control.

Twenty-four hours before launch, four groups of six jellyfish polyps each were given iodine in artificial sea water (ASW) to induce strobilization of polyps into the ephyrae form.

Shortly before flight, the jellyfish samples were loaded into a total of 10 Nizemi cuvettes containing ASW and placed in Type I containers. For the behavior study, a group of normal ephyrae and a group of ephyrae without statoliths were placed in the Biorack 22 °C incubator. The third group of ephyrae was placed in the Biorack 1-G centrifuge. Two groups of polyps were used for the development study. One group was placed in the incubator and the other was placed in the 1-G centrifuge. A similar set of equipment was maintained at the KSC ground-control facility.

Inflight
The Ambient Temperature Recorder (ATR-4) is a self-contained, battery-powered instrument, approximately the size of a deck of cards. It may be placed in almost any environment (not submersible in liquid) to provide recording of up to four channels of temperature data.
On flight days 6, 8, and 11, the crew carried out video observations of newt eggs to document the rate of development. The crew also made observations of the adult newts at specified times. On both the fifth and ninth days of flight, an adult newt was found dead, causing the loss of some eggs because of contamination. The remaining two adult newts survived the flight and were recovered live upon landing.

One cuvette from each group of jellyfish ephyrae and polyps were videotaped on the rotating microscope/centrifuge at intervals throughout the mission to determine the G-threshold for the swimming behavior of the ephyrae. On flight day five, both the flight and ground-control groups of ephyrae with statoliths that had been hatched on Earth were fixed. On flight day 13, two of the four groups of polyps that had been strobilation-induced were fixed. The remaining ephyrae and polyps were returned to Earth for postflight analysis.

To provide a comparison between flight-fixed and ground-fixed groups in the PEMBSIS experiment, the crew fixed some cultures shortly before landing. The fixative was a three-percent glutaraldehyde (balance water) solution. Each chamber was fixed with a 20-ml injection of fixative.

Postflight
The flight cassettes containing the newts were retrieved approximately six hours after landing. Some of the larvae were fixed and preserved for later analysis, while some were tested to estimate how space flight affected the gain of the otolith-ocular reflex and measure the otolith volumes and areas of associated sensory epithelia.

Living jellyfish were counted, coded, and photographed beginning at five hours postflight. The pulse rate, numbers of arms, rhopalia, and statoliths were counted in each of the ephyrae. Those with abnormal pulsing were videotaped after landing and again approximately 24 hours later. Some of both the flight and control jellyfish were allowed to form clones, which were then examined for arm number and other structural differences.

After the PEMBSIS cell culture chambers were recovered from the Shuttle, specimens of living cells and somatic embryos were photographed, counted, and chemically fixed within nine hours of landing, before their first division cycle on Earth was complete. Chromosomes were measured and compared within and among cultures.

Results

Newt Study
According to morphogical analysis, both flight and ground controls developed at the same rates. Analysis of three-dimensional reconstructions showed that flight-reared larvae had a larger mean endolymphatic sac (ES) and duct volume and a larger average volume of otoconia within the sac when compared to similarly staged ground controls. Furthermore, the appearance of otoconia in the ES was greatly accelerated in the larvae reared in microgravity.

Jellyfish Study
Ephyrae that developed in microgravity had significantly more abnormal arm numbers as compared with 1-G flight and ground controls. As compared to controls, significantly fewer ephyrae that developed in space swam when tested postflight. Polyps budding in space produced more buds and were developmentally ahead of ground controls. Although development through budding and through metamorphosis proceeded well in space, some jellyfish are apparently more sensitive to microgravity than others, as evidenced by their abnormal arm development.

Daylily Cell Study
Cytological changes and chromosomal aberrations were seen in both flight-fixed and ground-fixed flight cells. A substantial number of binucleate cells, cells possessing two nuclei, were also found in the flight samples. The ground-control samples were all uninucleate.

Newts

At least two of the four adult newts died on the voyage. The first newt death was attributed simply to stress. The second dead newt was found by Donald A. Thomas late on Sunday 17 July 1994 while checking the tanks, however the second death was called "peculiar" in a comment by Dr. Michael Wiederhold, a scientist on the ground. At the time it was said it would be difficult to remove the newt from the tank because of weightlessness, but the dead animal could contaminate the tank if left inside. The newts were Japanese Red-bellied Newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster'').

See also

 List of human spaceflights
 List of Space Shuttle missions
 Outline of space science
 Space Shuttle

References

External links
 NASA mission summary
 STS-65 Video Highlights

None of the links for these references work.

Space Shuttle missions
Spacecraft launched in 1994
July 1994 events
Spacecraft which reentered in 1994
1994 in Florida

STS-65


نادي ساراييفو لكرة القدم (بالبوسنية:Fudbalski klub Sarajevo) نادي كرة قدم بوسني يلعب في دوري الدرجة الممتازة . تم تأسيس النادي في سنة 1946 .

مراجع

أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1946
أندية كرة قدم في البوسنة والهرسك
أندية كرة قدم في ساراييفو
أندية كرة قدم في يوغوسلافيا
تأسيسات سنة 1946 في البوسنة والهرسك
الرياضة في ساراييفو

نادي ساراييفو


Amedeu sau scapi de el cu greu (în ) este o piesă de teatru absurd scrisă în limba franceză de Eugen Ionescu.  Piesa a fost compusă în anul 1954 și este bazată pe o povestire anterioară, "Oriflamme".

Prezentare

Personaje

Adaptări

Traduceri în limba română

Vezi și
 Listă de piese de teatru românești
 Listă de piese de teatru franceze

Note

Legături externe

Piese de teatru franceze
Eugen Ionescu
Teatru absurd

Amedeu sau scapi de el cu greu


Sinclair Service Station est le nom de plusieurs stations-service américaines :
La Sinclair Service Station, en Floride.
La Sinclair Service Station, en Oklahoma.

Sinclair Service Station


Rodelinda, regina de' Longobardi (HWV 19) is an opera seria in three acts composed for the first Royal Academy of Music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto is by Nicola Francesco Haym, based on an earlier libretto by Antonio Salvi. Rodelinda has long been regarded as one of Handel's greatest works.

Performance history
Rodelinda was first performed at the King's Theatre in the Haymarket, London, on 13 February 1725. It was produced with the same singers as Tamerlano. There were 14 performances; it was repeated on 18 December 1725, and again on 4 May 1731, a further 16 performances in all, each revival including changes and fresh material. In 1735 and 1736 it was also performed, with only modest success, in Hamburg at the Oper am Gänsemarkt. The first modern production – in heavily altered form – was in Göttingen on 26 June 1920 where it was the first of a series of modern Handel opera revivals produced by the Handel enthusiast Oskar Hagen.  The opera reached the US in 1931 and was revived in London in 1939. A further notable London revival by the Handel Opera Society, in English and using a cut text, including both Joan Sutherland and Janet Baker in the cast, conducted by Charles Farncombe, was performed in June 1959.   With the revival of interest in Baroque music and historically informed musical performance  since the 1960s, Rodelinda, like all Handel operas, receives performances at festivals and opera houses today. Among other performances, Rodelinda was staged at the Glyndebourne Festival in the UK in 1998, by the Metropolitan Opera in New York in 2004 and by English National Opera in 2014. The ENO production was revived at the Bolshoi Theatre in 2015. The Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona, performed the opera in March 2019, with Lisette Oropesa and Bejun Mehta in the leading roles. The Dutch National Opera staged Rodelinda in January 2020, with Lucy Crowe and Bejun Mehta in the leading roles.

Roles

Synopsis

The argument
Prior to the opening of the opera, Grimoaldo has defeated Bertarido, King of Lombardy, in battle and has usurped the throne of Milan. Bertarido has fled, leaving his wife Rodelinda and his son Flavio prisoners of the usurper in the royal palace. Failing to secure support to recover his crown, Bertarido has caused it to be reported that he has died in exile, a ruse to be used in an attempt to rescue his wife and son.

Act 1

Rodelinda's apartments

Alone in the palace, Rodelinda mourns the loss of her husband Bertarido. The usurper Grimoaldo enters, declaring a long-hidden passion for her. He proposes marriage and offers her back the throne that is rightfully hers. She angrily rejects him (Aria: "L'empio rigor del fato"). Eduige arrives at the apartment looking for Grimoaldo. Grimoaldo, having previously been betrothed to Bertarido's sister Eduige, now tells her that as she once spurned him, he shall spurn her. After Grimoaldo leaves, the scheming Garibaldo, his counsellor, professes love for Eduige. She promises to return his love once she has had revenge on Grimoaldo (Aria: "Lo farò, diro: spietato"). Alone, Garibaldo reveals that his love for Eduige is feigned, and is part of a plan to gain the throne for himself (Aria: "Di cupido impiego i vanni").

A cypress-grove
Bertarido, in hiding nearby, reads the inscription on his own memorial and longs for his beloved wife Rodelinda (Aria: "Dove sei, amato bene?"). Along with his friend and counsellor Unulfo, he secretly watches as Rodelinda and Flavio, her son, arrive to lay flowers at his memorial. She weeps at her husband's fate. Garibaldo enters with an ultimatum for Rodelinda: either she agrees to marry Grimoaldo, or her son will be put to death. Rodelinda consents but also vows to demand Garibaldo's death when she returns to the throne. Bertarido, still watching, is aghast and  takes Rodelinda's decision as an act of personal betrayal.

Act 2

A great hall
Garibaldo taunts Eduige, telling her that now, since she has lost Grimoaldo, she has missed her chance to become queen. Eduige satirically congratulates Rodelinda, noting her sudden decision to betray her husband's memory and marry his usurper. Rodelinda reminds Eduige of who is queen. Eduige vows vengeance on Grimoaldo. Eduige departs and Grimoaldo enters. Rodelinda sets out her terms for marrying Grimoaldo: he must kill Flavio with his own hands in front of her. Grimoaldo, horrified, refuses. After Rodelinda leaves, Garibaldo encourages Grimoaldo to carry out the murder and take Rodelinda as his wife, but Grimoaldo rejects the advice. He says that Rodelinda's act of courage and determination has made him love her all the more, though he has now lost hope of ever winning her. When the two advisors are alone, Unulfo asks Garibaldo how he could give a king such advice, and Garibaldo expounds his tyrannical perspective on the use of power (Aria: "Tirannia gliel diede il regno").

A delightful prospect
Bertarido approaches the palace grounds in disguise, where his sister Eduige recognizes his voice. Unolfo brings word of Rodelinda's fidelity – also gratifying for Eduige – and Eduige agrees to help Bertarido rescue his wife and son. Unolfo promises to pass a message to Rodelinda that her husband is still alive. Bertarido rejoices at the prospect of reunion.

A gallery in Rodelinda's apartment
Rodelinda and Bertarido meet in secret, and are discovered in an embrace by Grimoaldo who fails to recognise her husband. Grimoaldo is outraged, believing that Rodelinda has taken a lover. To save her honour, Bertarido reveals his identity but Grimoaldo vows to kill him anyway, whoever he may be. The spouses bid each other a last farewell (Duet: "Io t'abbraccio").

Act 3

A gallery
Unulfo and Eduige make a plan to release Bertarido from prison: they will smuggle to him a sword and the key to a secret passage that runs under the palace. Garibaldo advises Grimoaldo to put the unknown man – whether Bertarido or not – to death.  Grimoaldo is racked by jealousy, passion and fear.

A very dark prison
Languishing in prison, Bertarido receives the sword, the key and a written note. When Unulfo comes to release him, Bertarido mistakes the visitor in the darkness for the executioner and wounds him with the sword. Unulfo shrugs the injury off, and the two leave. Eduige guides Rodelinda into the cell. Finding it empty and with blood on the floor, they fear that Bertarido is dead.

A royal garden
Grimoaldo is tormented by remorse and flees to the palace garden, hoping to find a peaceful spot where he can seek solace in sleep (Aria: "Pastorello d'un povero armento"). Garibaldo, finding him unprotected, decides to kill him. Bertarido appears and kills the intended assassin; Grimoaldo, however, he spares (Aria: "Vivi, tiranno!"). Grimoaldo renounces his claim to the throne of Milan, and pledges himself once again to Eduige. He offers the throne back to Bertarido who accepts it once he is assured that his wife and son will be returned to him. There is general rejoicing.

Sources
The opera's libretto is by Nicola Francesco Haym, and was based on an earlier libretto by Antonio Salvi that had been set by Giacomo Antonio Perti in 1710. Salvi's libretto was derived from Pierre Corneille's tragedy Pertharite, roi des Lombards (1652), which dealt with the history of Perctarit, king of the Lombards. The ultimate origin of the story, as of Handel's Flavio, is Paul the Deacon's eighth-century work Gesta Langobardorum. In the opera, 'Pertharite' becomes 'Bertarido'.

Context and analysis

The German-born Handel, after spending some of his early career composing operas and other pieces in Italy, settled in London, where in 1711 he had brought Italian opera for the first time with his opera Rinaldo. A tremendous success, Rinaldo created a craze in London for Italian opera seria, a form focused overwhelmingly on solo arias for the star virtuoso singers. In 1719, Handel was appointed music director of an organisation called the Royal Academy of Music (unconnected with the present-day London conservatoire), a company under royal charter to produce Italian operas in London. Handel was not only to compose operas for the company but hire the star singers, supervise the orchestra and musicians, and adapt operas from Italy for London performance.

Within a year, 1724–1725, Handel wrote three great operas in succession for the Royal Academy of Music, each with Senesino and Francesca Cuzzoni as the stars, the other two being Giulio Cesare and Tamerlano.

Horace Walpole wrote of Cuzzoni in Rodelinda:She was short and squat, with a doughy cross face, but fine complexion; was not a good actress; dressed ill; and was silly and fantastical.  And yet on her appearing in this opera, in a brown silk gown trimmed with silver, with the vulgarity and indecorum of which all the old ladies were much scandalised, the young adopted it as a fashion, so universally, that it seemed a national uniform for youth and beauty.

To 18th century musicologist Charles Burney, Rodelinda "contains such a number of capital and pleasing airs, as entitles it to one of the first places among Handel's dramatic productions". Burney notes particularly the aria for Bertarido in act 1, "Dove sei, amato bene", calling it "one of the finest pathetic airs that can be found in all his works... This air is rendered affecting by new and curious modulation, as well as by the general cast of the melody." This aria is also sometimes sung as a solo piece in English, to an unrelated text – "Art thou troubled?" – by W. G. Rothery, written in 1910.

The opera is scored for two recorders, flute, two oboes, bassoon, two horns, strings and continuo (cello, lute, harpsichord).

Recordings

Audio recordings

Video recordings

References
Notes

Sources

Further reading
 Hicks, Anthony, "Rodelinda", The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992)

External links
Italian libretto

Score of Rodelinda (ed. Friedrich Chrysander, Leipzig 1876)
 sung by Bejun Mehta
 sung by Magdalena Kožená and David Daniels

Operas by George Frideric Handel
Italian-language operas
Opera seria
1725 operas
Operas
Operas based on works by Pierre Corneille

Rodelinda (opera)


Ivan sedlo je planinski prijevoj u BiH.

Zemljopis
Nalazi se na 959 do 967 metara nadmorske visine. Smješten je između planina Bitovnje i Bjelašnice, na na Ivan-planini. Ponad Ivan sedla je Preslica planina. Njime se povezuje dvije velike cjeline države BiH: Bosnu i Hercegovinu. Ovo sedlo je poveznica između dolina rijeka Bosne i Neretve.

Promet
Cesta M17 Sarajevo - Konjic i željeznička pruga (tunel).

Izvori

Planinski prijevoji u Bosni i Hercegovini

Ivan sedlo


IBM PS/1 é uma série de computadores pessoais produzidos pela IBM entre os anos de 1990 a 1994, marcando a volta da empresa ao mercado de computadores domésticos cinco anos após o IBM PCjr, a série foi vendida juntamente com a série IBM PS/2 focada em computadores mais poderosos.

O primeiro modelo foi o 2011, ganhando uma série atualizada chamada 2121 em 1992, no mesmo ano também foi lançado a série 2133, em 1993 veio a série 2155, a descontinuação veio com a introdução da série Aptiva.

Ver também
 IBM Aptiva
 IBM PS/2

IBM

IBM PS/1


Die Kapverdenschwelle ist eine submarine Schwellenregion im östlichen Nordatlantik. Ihre Entstehung dürfte mit aufwallender Mantelkonvektion im Zusammenhang stehen.

Geographie

Die Kapverdenschwelle, engl. Cape Verde Rise, ist eine ausgeprägte bathymetrische Anomalie des östlichen Nordatlantiks. Ausgehend vom afrikanischen Kontinentalrand Mauretaniens und Senegals bei 17° West zieht sie in generell westlicher Richtung auf den Mittelatlantischen Rücken zu. Hierdurch trennt sie das nördlich gelegene Kanarische Becken vom Kapverdischen Becken im Süden. Ihre Ausdehnung in Nord-Süd-Richtung beträgt zwischen 14 und 22° nördlicher Breite rund 900 Kilometer.

Im Bereich der Kapverdischen Inseln und den dazugehörigen Seamounts (wie beispielsweise der Cabo-Verde-Seamount, Cadamosto-Seamount, Nola-Seamount, Senghor-Seamount u. a.), die alle der gleichnamigen Schwelle aufsitzen, erreicht die Tiefenanomalie einen Maximalwert von + 2200 Meter, weltweit einer der größten bekannten Werte für Tiefseeschwellen. Die Anomalie setzt sich dann in abgeschwächter Form bis zirka 36° West weiter fort.

Bruchzonen
Die Schwelle wird in etwa von zwei großen, Ostsüdost-streichenden (N 105) Bruchzonen begrenzt, im Norden von der Kane-Bruchzone und im Süden von der Fifteen Twenty-Bruchzone bzw. der Jacksonville-Bruchzone. Insgesamt konnten bisher 13 Bruchzonen im Zentralteil der Kapverdenschwelle ausgemacht werden. Ein unmittelbarer Zusammenhang in der Ausrichtung der Bruchzonen mit der Anordnung der einzelnen Inseln ist jedoch nicht ersichtlich.

Magnetische Anomalien
Im Bereich der Kapverdischen Inseln können auf der Schwelle die Polaritätszonen M 0 bis M 16, weiter in Richtung Kontinent noch bis M 25 identifiziert werden. Die Anomalien verlaufen in etwa senkrecht zu den Bruchzonen (N 015). Dies bedeutet, dass die Inseln von 142 bis 124 Millionen Jahre BP alter, unterkretazischer ozeanischer Kruste unterlagert werden (Zeitraum Berriasium bis Aptium). In Richtung Festland schließt sich dann oberjurassische Kruste an, welche bis ins Kimmeridgium (vor 155 Millionen Jahren BP) zurückreicht. Die durchschnittliche Spreizungsrate war mit rund 1 Zentimeter/Jahr relativ gering.

Geoidanomalie
Auf der Kapverdenschwelle konnte ferner eine positive Anomalie des Geoids festgestellt werden. Die Abweichung hat ein Maximum von + 8 Meter zwischen den hufeisenförmig angeordneten Inseln, auf der restlichen Schwelle werden meist nur Werte von + 2 bis + 4 Meter erreicht.

Wärmefluss
Von RRS Discovery vorgenommene Wärmeflussmessungen an der Kapverdenschwelle erbrachten mit 61 ± mW/m² erhöhte Werte (ozeanische Kruste vergleichbaren Alters besitzt normalerweise nur 45 mW/m²).

Seismik
Refraktionsseismische Untersuchungen an Bord der Meteor im Zentralbereich der Kapverdischen Inseln lieferten folgende Ergebnisse

 Die ozeanische Kruste weist mit 7160 Meter eine normale Dicke auf.
 Auf ihrer sehr rauen Oberfläche haben sich 2000 bis 1000 Meter dicke Sedimente abgelagert, die ozeanwärts an Mächtigkeit verlieren.
 Eine Unterkruste erhöhter Dichte bzw. ein oberer Mantel mit verringerter Dichte konnten nicht festgestellt werden.
 Die elastische effektive Krustendicke Te beträgt 30 Kilometer.
 Die Mohorovičić-Diskontinuität und damit die Kruste/Mantel-Grenze liegt bei durchschnittlich 12 Kilometer Tiefe.

Die auf der Kapverdenschwelle ruhende Sedimenthülle innerhalb des Kapverdenarchipels konnte von Ali u. a. in vier Einheiten unterteilt werden.
Die Einheiten I und II wurden zwischen der Oberkreide und dem Untermiozän noch vor dem Einsetzen des Inselvulkanismus abgelagert. Die Sedimente stammen vom afrikanischen Kontinentalrand und dünnen in Richtung Beckeninneres aus. Durch ihre Auflast erfuhr der Kontinentalrand eine leichte Flexur. Die Einheiten III und IV hingegen sind untermiozänen bis rezenten Alters und sind auf den neogenen Vulkanismus der Kapverden zurückzuführen. Sie wurden in einer konzentrisch um die Inseln angeordneten Flexur abgelagert, wobei ihre Mächtigkeit inselwärts zunimmt. Die Flexur ist ihrerseits auf die Auflast der vulkanischen Inseln zurückzuführen. Die Sedimente sind überdies in Inselnähe aufgebogen, was auf ein tektonisch bedingtes Herausheben der Inseln schließen lässt.

Tiefseebohrungen

Auf die Kapverdenschwelle wurden im Rahmen des Deep Sea Drilling Project bzw. des Ocean Drilling Program bisher zwei Forschungsbohrungen niedergebracht, DSDP 368 und ODP 659. DSDP 368 erreichte die Kapverdenschwelle in 3367 Meter Wassertiefe und durchfuhr 985 Meter an Sediment, ODP 659 in 3071 Meter Wassertiefe und erbohrte 275 Meter an Sediment. Es ergab sich folgende Stratigraphie (von jung nach alt):

 132,5 Meter an Foraminiferen-führenden Nannomergeln und -schlämmen – Holozän bis Unterpliozän
 133 Meter Nannoschlämme und -mergel, Tiefseetone und drei vulkanische Aschenlagen – Miozän
 685,5 Meter an zyklisch wechsellagernden, turbiditischen, grüngefärbten, siltigen Tonen und Tonsteinen – Untermiozän bis Unterkreide
 34,5 + ? Meter Schwarzschiefer mit basaltischen Lagergängen – Unterkreide bis Turonium/Albium

Geologie
Älteste aufgeschlossene Gesteine auf der Kapverdenschwelle sind 131 bis 128 Millionen Jahre BP alte Kissenlaven im Innern Maios und im Norden Santiagos. Die Laven sind bis zu 4000 Meter angehoben und teilweise tektonisch verstellt worden. Auf Maio werden Laven des submarinen Unterbaus konkordant von einer pelagischen Karbonatserie überlagert, die zumindest bis ins Valanginium zurückreicht.

Der eigentliche, neogene Vulkanismus begann im Osten des Archipels im Burdigalium vor 20 Millionen Jahren. Er erreichte dann im Zeitraum 15 bis 7 Millionen Jahren im Mittel- und Obermiozän seinen Höhepunkt – die Inseln erfuhren in dieser Zeitspanne ihren bedeutendsten Wachstumsschub. Nach einer starken Einebnungsphase während des Pliozäns, die bis zu 2000 Meter an Sediment konzentrisch um die Inseln anhäufte, beschränken sich die vulkanischen Tätigkeiten aktuell nur noch auf Fogo. Seismisch aktiv sind zurzeit Fogo, Brava und der Cadamosto-Seamount.

Ursachen
Der erhöhte Wärmefluss und die positive Geoidanomalie im Bereich der Kapverdenschwelle sowie der neogene Vulkanismus der Kapverdischen Inseln und der Seamounts lassen auf dynamisch aufwallendes Mantelgestein (als Mantelplume, Manteldiapir oder Konvektionszelle) unterhalb der Schwelle schließen und deuten möglicherweise einen Hotspot an. Ein so genanntes Underplating (Unterschieben eines Krusten/Mantelsegments mit anomaler Dichte) und thermisches Wiederaufheizen der Lithosphäre. als alternative Erklärungsmechanismen dürften aufgrund der normalen Krustenstruktur recht unwahrscheinlich sein.

Einzelnachweise

Geographie (Atlantischer Ozean)
Untermeerischer Rücken

Kapverdenschwelle


Le Dictionnaire du cinéma québécois est un ouvrage proposant un inventaire du cinéma du Québec, dirigé par Michel Coulombe et Marcel Jean. Il est publié par les Éditions du Boréal et sa première édition paraît fin 1988, dix ans après la publication d'un premier ouvrage du même nom chez Fides en 1978, dirigé par Michel Houle et Alain Julien.

Dans son édition de 2014, l'ouvrage compte quelque .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Presse culturelle au Québec
Cinéma québécois
Dictionnaire publié au Canada
Encyclopédie en français
Encyclopédie spécialisée
Dictionnaire encyclopédique

Le Dictionnaire du cinéma québécois


Akromegali (Yunanca akros "yüksek" ve megalos "büyük") beyin tabanında bulunan hipofiz bezinin ön lobundan (adenohipofiz) çok fazla miktarda büyüme hormonu (growth hormone, GH) salgılanması nedeniyle oluşan hastalıktır. Büyüme tamamlanmadan, kemiklerin uzaması sona ermeden erken çağlarda baş gösterirse gigantizm adı verilen dev görünüm oluşur. Bozukluk büyüme çağının bitiminden sonra baş gösterirse, kemiklerdeki büyüme plaklarının kapanması nedeni ile sadece el ve ayakların genişlemesi, çene ve burnun büyümesi ve sesin kalınlaştığı görülür.

Gece uyurken horlama ile aşırı terleme olmaktadır. Kaslarda hissedilebilir halsizlik görülmektedir. Erken teşhis ve tedavi edilmez ise ileriki dönemlerinde iç organlarda anormal bir büyüme gerçekleştirir. IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) yüksekliği pankreas düzenini bozabileceği için şeker hastalığına yakalanma riski yüksektir. Kabızlık daha gençlik dönemlerinde sıkça yaşanan belirgin olarak yaşanmaktadır.

Saç tellerinde kalınlaşma belirtileri görülmektedir. Kafa tasının arka kısmında aşırı şekilde kendini gösteren dışa doğru genişleme kendini göstermektedir.

Akromegali hastalığı tedavi edilmezse hastalarda diabetes mellitus, yüksek tansiyon, kalp kası tutulması sonucu kalp yetmezliği görülür. Akromegali hastalığının %90 ı hipofiz bezindeki tümörden kaynaklanır. Bu tümör optik sinire baskı yaptığı için görmede darlık bitemporal hemianopsia olur. Ayrıca bu tümör beynin sağlıklı kısımlarına baskı yaptığı için baş ağrısı görülür. Erkek ve kadınlarda eşit oranda görülür. Büyüme hormonu yükselmeye başladığı andan itibaren yaklaşık olarak üç yıl sonra vücut değişiklikleri başlar. ilk belirtileri ise yüzüklerin dar gelmesi ayakkabı numarasını artması ile fark edilebilir. Hastalığın yıllık görülme yüzdesi prevalans 1 milyonda 4, tüm zamanlarda görülme sıklığı ise insidans 1 milyonda 60-70'tir. Ölüm riskini 2-4 kat arttırır.

Tedavi
Birinci seçenek cerrahi tedavidir. 2 türlü cerrahi uygulanabilir. Transkranial yöntemde alın kemiğinden hipofiz bezine ulaşılarak tümor çıkartılır. Günümüzde tercih edilen cerrahi yöntem transsfenoidal yoldur. Ağız tavanından hipofiz bezine ulaşılır. İkinci tedavi yöntemi ilaç tedavisidir. Somatostatin analogları octeroid ve lanreotid kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca radyoterapi bir diğer tedavi seçeneğidir. Tedavide GH ve IGF-1 düzeylerinin normale dönmesi, tümörün beyine baskısının giderilmesi ve klinik semptomların kaybolması hedeflenir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service
 AcromegalyAnswersWebinar.com A webinar series
 acromegaly.org A satellite site of the Pituitary Network Association
 Acromegaly and Gigantism (a very comprehensive article)
 Acromegaly and Gigantism (Image of a patient with macroglossia - enlargement of the tongue)

Akromegali


روبرت آرثر «روب» نوكس (21 أغسطس 1989—24 مايو 2008) كان ممثل بريطاني وطالب في مدرسة Beths الابتدائية التي صورت Ravenclaw الطالب ماركوس Belby في فيلم هاري بوتر والأمير الساحر، [2]، وقد وقعت لتظهر المخطط لها في فيلم هاري بوتر والأقداس المهلكة. [4] إنه توفي بعد تعرضه للطعن خارج حانة في Sidcup، إنكلترا إنه توفي بعد تعرضه للطعن خارج حانة في Sidcup، إنكلترا، في أيار 2008، عندما تدخل في عراك لحماية أخيه.

بداياته وتاريخة المهني
ولد نوكس لكولن وسالي نوكس في عام 1989. كان يمثل حينما كان يبلغ من العمر 11 عاما، وصاحب الفضل الأول وكان له دور صغير في الدراما الخاصة بالشرطة وبيل وقد بدأ في مسلسل 4 على قناه تدعى قناة الحقيقة وقد كان اسم المسلسل«صدقني أنا المراهق»، ومسلسل آخر تحت اسم «بعد أن ذهبت» على قناه BBC الكوميدية هو قد سبق له أن ظهر بأدوار كثيرة في عدد من الأفلام والمسلسلات والإنتاجات السينمائية مثل فيلم الملك آرثر. لعام 2004 كما أنه ظهر في الليلة مع تريفور ماكدونالد.

القتل
knox قد توفي عن عمر يناهز 18 عاما بعد تعرضه للطعن خارج بار في مترو Sidcup، جنوب شرق لندن، في 24 مايو 2008. كان قد تدخل في المعركة من أجل حماية له 17 عاما) شقيقه جيمي، الذي زعم أنه تعرض للتهديد من قبل رجلين، واحد منهم كان مسلحا مع اثنين من s. سكين  وارنر بروس قد أصدر بيانا بشأن وفاته: «نحن جميعا بالصدمة والحزن إزاء هذا الخبر في هذا الوقت، وتعاطفنا مع عائلته». ' gtc:suffix="">[12]

كارل نورمان (ولد عام 1987، لويشام، [13] لندن)، [14] من شارع كارلتون، Sidcup، تم توجيه تهمة القتل له. [15] كان حبسه على ذمة التحقيق، وبقي هناك حتى محاكمته التي بدأت في شباط / فبراير 2009. المطران أدين بتهمة القتل في 4 آذار / مارس 2009 ، وتلقى حكما بالسجن مدى الحياة—لخدمة لا تقل عن 20 سنوات قبل النظر في الإفراج المشروط—في اليوم التالي. كما استقبل المطران مزيد من ثلاثة أحكام بالسجن مدى الحياة المتزامنة لإصابة نوكس أصدقاؤه.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

لندن في 2008
أشخاص قتلوا في إنجلترا
أشخاص قتلوا في لندن
أشخاص من لندن
أشخاص من ميدواي
جرائم 2008 في المملكة المتحدة
جرائم في 2008
ضحايا قتل إنجليز
ممثلو أفلام إنجليز
ممثلون أطفال إنجليز
ممثلون إنجليز في القرن 21
ممثلون بريطانيون قتلوا
ممثلون قتلوا
ممثلون من كنت
مواليد 1989
مواليد في كنت
وفيات 2008
وفيات بالطعن
وفيات بالطعن في لندن

روب نوكس


Gideon Adinoy Sani (* 8. Juni 1990 in Lagos) ist ein nigerianischer ehemaliger Fußballspieler.

Karriere
Sani begann seine Karriere in Lagos bei Magate FC. 2010 kam der Nigerianer in die Türkei und spielte für den Amateurverein Ardahanspor in der Bölgesel Amatör Lig. Im März 2011 wechselte er zu Izmirspor und erzielte hier in drei Spielen drei Tore.

Durch seine Tätigkeit bei İzmirspor wurde er dem Trainer vom Zweitligisten Akhisar Belediyespor aufmerksam. Dieser entsprang ebenfalls der Jugend von İzmirspor.

Zur Saison 2011/12 wechselte er zu Akhisar Belediyespor. Hier erkämpfte er sich nach der Winterpause einen Stammplatz. Die Saison 2010/11 schloss er mit seiner Mannschaft als Meister der 1. Lig ab und erreichte so den direkten Aufstieg in die Süper Lig.

Nach der Saison 2012/13 wechselte er auf Leihbasis zum Zweitligisten TKİ Tavşanlı Linyitspor.

Erfolge
 Mit Akhisar Belediyespor
 Meister der TFF 1. Lig und Aufstieg in die Süper Lig: 2011/12

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (Nigeria)
Fußballspieler (Izmirspor)
Fußballspieler (Muğlaspor)
Fußballspieler (TKİ Tavşanlı Linyitspor)
Geboren 1990
Mann
Sportler (Lagos)
Nigerianer
Fußballspieler (Akhisarspor)

Gideon Adinoy Sani


Raúl Arturo Chávez Sarmiento (n. en Perú, 24 de octubre de 1997) es un estudiante de matemáticas peruano conocido por ser la segunda persona más joven del mundo en obtener una medalla en la Olimpiada Internacional de Matemática (IMO), después del matemático australiano Terence Tao.

Gracias al apoyo de su familia, Raúl consigue desarrollar su habilidad matemática desde temprana edad. Es así que el año 2009, a la edad de 11 años, después de un proceso selectivo, participa en su primera Olimpiada Internacional de Matemática, ese año desarrollada en Alemania. Allí obtuvo su medalla de bronce, acompañando el buen desempeño de su equipo. Esta participación fue seguida de otras tres, en Kazajistán (2010), Países Bajos (2011) y Argentina (2012) donde obtuvo medallas de plata, oro y plata, respectivamente. En 2011, al obtener su medalla de oro, Raúl ocupó el sexto lugar en la clasificación general, siendo el mejor resultado individual que ha obtenido un peruano en esta competencia hasta el día de hoy.

Raúl obtuvo su título de pregrado en la Escuela de Matemática Aplicada de la Fundación Getulio Vargas simultáneamente mientras realizaba sus estudios de maestría en Matemáticas en el Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA). Actualmente está siguiendo el programa de doctorado en Matemáticas de la Universidad de Harvard.

Referencias

Científicos de Perú
Matemáticos del siglo XXI

Raúl Arturo Chávez Sarmiento


Den røde 1. maj-gruppe var en venstreorienteret politisk aktivistgruppe på Færøerne, der var aktiv i 1980.

Gruppen var en af arrangørerne bag en demonstration mod NATO i 1980, og var bange for, at Færøerne skulle blive en front eller et angrebsmål i en eventuel krig mellem USA og Sovjetunionen. Gruppen aflagde i denne forbindelse Danmarks forsvarsminister et besøg, hvor de argumenterede for at fjerne militære installationer fra øerne, samt gøre Færøerne til en demilitariseret zone. Dette førte dog ikke til noget, og i sensommeren 1986 saboterede gruppen militært kommunikationsudstyr på øerne som protest mod, at den danske regering ikke tog deres krav alvorligt.

På et møde i Vágur på Suðuroy i 1980 blev det hævdet, at NATO havde udstationeret ca. 100 soldater i Mjørkadalur (udenfor Tórshavn på Streymoy) i tilfælde af, at færingerne demonstrerede.

Eksterne henvisninger
  (s. 145)

Fredsbevægelser
Tidligere politiske partier på Færøerne
Etableret i 1980

Den røde 1. maj-gruppe


Bartol II. Krčki (? - ?, oko 1224.), hrvatski velikaš, modruški knez iz obitelji knezova Krčkih, kasnije poznatih kao Frankapani. Prvi put se spominje 1186. godine u darovnici krčkog biskupa Ivana kao brat knezova, na temelju čega se zaključuje da je bio najmlađi sin kneza Dujma I. Krčkog, iz njegova drugog braka. Braća Bartol I. i Vid I. nisu mu priznavala naslov krčkog kneza, na temelju čega se može pretpostaviti kako nije imao udio u podjeli vlasti nad otokom Krkom. Zbog toga je napustio Krk i stupio u službu hrvatsko-ugarskog kralja Bele III. (1172.-1196.), koji mu je  1193. godine, u znak zahvale za službu, predao u nasljedno vlasništvo feud Modrušku županiju s utvrdom, dok se Bartol II. obvezao sa svoje strane da će služiti u kraljevskoj vojsci s 10 oklopnika unutar države te sa 4 oklopnika izvan države.

Godine 1209. osigurao je krivotvorenom ispravom nasljeđe Modruške županije nećaku Vidu II. Krčkom, koju je tobože potvrdio kralj Andrija II. (1205.-1235.). Umro je bez potomaka.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Bartol II. Frankapan - Hrvatski biografski leksikon

Hrvatsko plemstvo
Frankapani

Bartol II. Krčki (Frankapan)


Pescărița râzătoare (Gelochelidon nilotica), numită și pescar maritim râzător, pescăruș râzător, pescar râzător, pescăruș martin, este o pasăre acvatică migratoare din familia laridelor (Laridae), subfamilia sterninelor (Sterninae), care cuibărește în Europa de Sud, în nordul Africii, în partea temperată și de est a Asiei, pe coastele Americii de Nord și Americii de Sud. Iernează în Africa Centrală, sudul Asiei, în America Centrală. În România cuibărește ocazional în Delta Dunării și în lungul litoralului Mării Negre. Populația cuibăritoare din România este estimată la 5-10 perechi; în timpul pasajelor se pot observa între 300 și 1.000 de exemplare. Recent, la 6 aprilie 2019, a fost văzut un exemplar și în Republica Moldova, pe lacul Congaz, lângă Beșalma.

Cuibărește pe insule fără vegetație sau cu vegetație rară, pe terase uscate de nisip și nămol, pe bănci de nisip, dune, în mlaștini sărate, sărături, lagune de apă dulce, estuare, delte, pe lacuri, râuri și mlaștini. Poate fi întâlnită și în apropierea lacurilor, pe terenuri arabile, pășuni sau chiar în regiuni de semideșert, unde se hrănește. În timpul migrației se hrănește de obicei pe sărături, lagune, terase nămoloase, mlaștini și câmpuri umede. Iernează în estuare, sărături, lagune și mlaștini sărate sau pe teritorii mai mult în interiorul continentului, ca râuri mari, lacuri, terenuri arabile inundate (orezării), bălți, rezervoare, sărături și canale de irigare.

Este mai mare decât chirighițele. Are o lungime de 33–43 cm și o greutate de 130–320 g, anvergura aripilor 85–103 cm. Atinge în libertate longevitatea maximă de 16 ani. Ajunge la maturitate sexuală la vârsta de 5 ani. Sexele sunt asemănătoare după penaj. Adultul în penaj de vară are capul și ceafa negre. Spatele, tectricele alare și coada, cenușiu-albăstrui. Partea inferioară albă ca și restul părții superioare. Remigele primare cenușii, cu vârful și steagul intern puțin brunii; a 4-a și a 5-a remige primară au rahisul alb. Picioarele sunt negre. Ciocul este puternic, înalt la bază și negru. Aripile depășesc mult vârful cozii. Seamănă cu chira de mare (Sterna sandvicensis), însă aceasta are ciocul mai lung, mai fin și cu vârful galben. Strigătul tipic, "he-he-hek" și "ka-kuk", se deosebește de cel al chirei de mare.

Sosește din cartierele de iernare în a doua parte a lunii aprilie. Cuibărește, de obicei, în colonii mixte în asociere cu chiră de mare și ciocîntorsul (Recurvirostra avosetta), așezându-și cuibul în nisip, sol ușor, între ierburi joase caracteristice zonelor sărate și mai rar pe teren mlăștinos. Cuibul constă dintr-o mică adâncitură, căptușită, uneori, cu câteva resturi vegetale din apropiere sau alge. Femela depune ponta din a doua jumătate a lunii mai, până în iunie, fiind formată din 3 ouă, rareori 2 sau mai multe. Clocitul este asigurat de ambii parteneri timp de 22-23 de zile, începând de la depunerea ultimului ou. După eclozare, puii sunt hrăniți la cuib timp de 28 de zile; devin apți de zbor după 28-35 de zile, și după părăsirea cuibului rămân în grija părinților încă 3 luni.

Hrana sa este de origine animală și este alcătuită din pești (de 6-9 cm lungime), insecte și larvele acestora, dar și din arahnide, viermi sau melci. Ocazional poate captura șopârle, șerpi mici, broaște și chiar șoareci, pui de păsărele sau păsări mici. Spre deosebire de celelalte chire, nu plonjează în apă să se scufunde după peștișori, ci se hrănește căutându-și hrana de la suprafața apei și de pe sol. Prinde insecte în zbor cu multă abilitate, însă le culege și de pe sol.

Subspecii și răspândirea geografică

Cinci subspecii sunt recunoscute. Subspecia Gelochelidon nilotica macrotarsa din Australia este considerată în prezent ca o specie aparte Gelochelidon macrotarsa (pescărița australiană).

 Gelochelidon nilotica nilotica (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) – subspecia nominată - cuibărește în sudul Europei cu populații foarte mici și izolate în partea nordică din Germania și Danemarca și în vestul și nordul Africii (la sud până în Mauritania, la est până în Tunisia), la est în Orientul Mijlociu, Kazahstan și nordul Subcontinentului Indian până în Transbaikalia și nord-estul Chinei (nord-estul Mongoliei Interioare); iernează în Africa tropicală, Golful Persic, la est până în India.

 În Europa cuibărește pe coastă Mării  Mediterane în Portugalia, Spania, Franța, Italia, Albania, Grecia, pe coastă Mării Negre în Bulgaria, România, Ucraina, Federația Rusă, Turcia, și pe coastă Mării Nordului în Danemarca și Germania. Cuibărește și în Armenia și Azerbaidjan. Apariții accidentale sunt înregistrate în Europa în Belgia, Bosnia și Herțegovina, Croația, Finlanda, Ungaria, Irlanda, Luxemburg, Republica Moldova, Muntenegru, Norvegia, Polonia, Serbia, Slovacia, Slovenia, Suedia, Marea Britanie.

 Populațiile din estul Asiei și sud-estul Chinei, sunt uneori menționate ca o subspecie distinctă addenda, dar de obicei sunt incluse în  subspecia affinis.

 Gelochelidon nilotica affinis (Horsfield, 1821)  - cuibărește în estul și sud-estul Chinei (pe țărmurile Golfului Bohai; în Fuzhou, nord-estul provinciei Fujian, până în Guangdong); iernează în principal în sud-estul Asiei, unele populații iernează mai la vest până în vestul și sudul Subcontinentului Indian, și mai la sud-est probabil până în Australia.

 Gelochelidon nilotica aranea (A. Wilson, 1814)  - cuibărește pe coasta de est a SUA din New Jersey (rareori New York), la sud până în Texas, de asemenea în Cuba, Bahamas și Puerto Rico, și răzleț de-a lungul coastei mexicane până în Yucatán; iernează de-a lungul coastelor Americii Centrale și la sud până în Brazilia și Peru.

 Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi Bancroft, 1929  - cuibărește în vestul SUA în California (câmpia costală și Marea Salton), la sud până în vestul Mexicului (nordul peninsulei Baja California și Sinaloa și probabil la sud până în Golful Tehuantepec), cuibărește izolat în Alaska (delta râului Copper); iernează mai la sud până în Ecuador.

 Gelochelidon nilotica gronvoldi Mathews, 1912  - sedentară pe coastă și în luncile râurilor din Guiana Franceză (Cayenne) la sud până în nord-estul Argentinei (Buenos Aires).

În Columbia și Ecuador cuibărește probabil subspecia gronvoldi sau aranea, sau o subspecie nedescrisă.

Statutul și conservarea

Specia nu este amenințată cu dispariția la nivel global (LC după criteriile IUCN).

Date clare cu privire la populația acestei specii nu sunt încă disponibile din cauza modificărilor taxonomice recente ale speciei, care a fost divizată în două specii distincte, pescărița râzătoare (Gelochelidon nilotica) și pescărița australiană (Gelochelidon macrotarsa). Populația globală a pescăriței râzătoare și pescăriței australiene era estimată în 2006 la circa 150,000-420,000 de indivizi.

Pescărița râzătoare nu este nicăieri abundentă, dar trendurile populaționale regionale variază și pot fi în ansamblu în declin datorită pierderii și degradării habitatelor în centrul arealului său. Se consideră că specia a suferit un declin substanțial în anii 1970-1990. Deși în anii 1990-2000 a fost stabilă în partea de sud-vest a Europei și în Rusia, efectivele din Europa de Sud-Est au scăzut numeric, iar acest declin a rămas persistent timp de trei generații. Astfel specia este considerată a fi vulnerabilă. Cu toate acestea, specia a fost recent evaluată ca fiind în creștere în Europa, unde populația a fost estimată la 16.600-21.200 perechi cuibăritoare, ceea ce echivalează cu 33.200-42.400 de indivizi maturi. Aceasta arată o recuperare a populațiilor din declinul considerabil observat în a doua jumătate a secolului XX în unele țări, de ex. în Franța în 1950 erau 500-800 de perechi, la sfârșitul secolului XX - 269-370 de perechi, iar în 2011 - 643 de perechi. Recentele recensăminte și estimări ale populațiilor au constatat că mai mult de 30% din populația europeană se află în Spania (5859 de perechi în 2007), iar alte concentrații importante în Ucraina (4000-6000 perechi), în partea europeană a Rusiei (4000-5000 de perechi) și în Turcia (537-1033 de perechi).

Populația cuibăritoare din România este estimată la 5-10 perechi și este în declin. În timpul pasajelor se pot observa între 300 și 1.000 de exemplare. Pătrunderea permanentă a omului în zonele de clocit a determinat o scădere mare a populațiilor acestei specii. În deceniile trecute pescărița râzătoare cuibărea cu miile în lagunele marine din România.

Populația globală estimată anterior a fost de până la 55.000 de perechi concentrate în principal în Federația Rusă, care a avut până la 40.000 de perechi, în Kazahstan erau 2000 de perechi pe lacul Alakol; aceste populații estice au scăzut de atunci. Populația europeană a fost estimată anterior (în anii 1990) la 6800-16000 de perechi, cu 1800-5000 de perechi în Rusia și Ucraina (unde Rezervația Biosferei Mării Negre din Ucraina rămâne un sit foarte important), 1869 perechi în Spania (în 1989), și probabil 2000-7000 de perechi în Turcia, unde au fost raportate pe atunci creșteri locale. De atunci populația din Turcia s-a micșorat, în principal ca urmare a drenării și degradării zonelor umede și este estimată la 537-1033 perechi.

În afară de o încercare nereușită în 2005, specia nu a mai cuibărit în Olanda din anii 1950, populația din Danemarca aproape a dispărut complet în ultimele decenii, iar locurile de cuibărit din Germania s-au micșorat la sud, specia cuibărind doar într-o singură colonie de la mijlocul anilor 1990. A cuibărit în nord-vestul Libiei în 2010 (s-a suspectat că a cuibărit și în 1993) și în nordul Egiptului în 2013-2014. Mai spre est, specia a început să cuibărească pentru prima dată în Bangladeș în mai 2016.

Principalele cauze ale declinului în Europa sunt deteriorarea și pierderea habitatului, cauzate de drenarea zonelor umede; intensificarea agriculturii; utilizarea pesticidelor și a altor substanțe chimice, care ucid pescărițele râzătoare sau speciile cu care se hrănesc ele; schimbarea nivelelor apelor, care provoacă inundații sau facilitează accesul animalelor de pradă la colonii. Perturbarea antropogenă a colonilor poate duce nu numai la abandonarea cuibului, și prin urmare reducerea numărului de perechi cuibăritoare, dar și la diminuarea densităților cuiburilor.

Populația europeană estimată de perechi cuibăritoare.

În SUA în 2000-2004 cuibăreau 3608-4432 de perechi ale subspeciei aranea, și încă 533-810 de perechi ale subspeciei vanrossemi în America de Nord în această perioadă, iar în vestul Africii cuibăreau peste 2000 de perechi ale subspeciei nominate nilotica. În estul SUA erau în 1977 circa 2700 de perechi cuibăritoare în 83 de colonii, iar în 1984 numai 1500 de perechi. Populațiile din alte părți sunt puțin cunoscute, de ex. în America de Sud, unde pe coasta Pacificului se știe că cuibărește numai în Ecuador și, mai recent, în Columbia. În Brazilia sunt cunoscute numai trei locuri precise unde cuibărea, unul acum probabil abandonat, toate situate în zonele de coastă, dar specia a fost recent găsită că cuibărește pe insulele fluviului Amazon aproape de Manaus. De asemenea, s-a descoperit recent că cuibărește în interiorul Mexicului, mai înainte se credea că cuibărește numai pe coastă, iar  în zonele litoralului continuă să fie găsite noi locuri de cuibărit. În Caraibe, sunt făcute în continuare progrese în stabilirea arealului și statutului speciei, iar Cuba a fost recent adăugată la lista insulelor care găzduiesc populațiile cuibăritoare.

Albul era o culoare la modă în comerțul cu articole de modă (mai ales cu pălării de damă), iar penele pescărușilor, inclusiv ale pescărițelor și chirelor, precum și cele ale stârcilor și egretelor erau intens căutate. Întreaga aripă a pescărușilor de multe ori împodobeau pălăriile la modă în SUA. Vânarea pescărușilor și colectarea ouălor pentru consum și pentru comerțul cu articole de modă au decimat populațiile lor, însă la începutul secolului al XX-lea, legile și tratatele pentru protecția lor din mai multe țări au oprit acest comerț pe scară mare. Ca și la majoritatea sterninelor (Sterninae), numărul pescărițelor râzătoare a scăzut foarte mult la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea, datorită comerțului cu articole de modă, cu o recuperare lentă în secolul XX, până când s-au confruntat cu probleme majore legate de pierderea habitatelor, perturbarea antropogenă și pesticide; multe populații au scăzut începând cu anii 1960.

Note

Legături externe

 Pescăriță râzătoare Gelochelidon nilotica. SOR
 Sterna nilotica Pescarita razatoare. SOR
 Pescăriță râzătoare / Gelochelidon nilotica. RomBird
 Common Gull-billed Tern   Gelochelidon nilotica. The Internet Bird Collection (IBC). Video
 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica. eBird
 Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica). BirdGuides
 Sterne hansel Gelochelidon nilotica - Gull-billed Tern. Oiseaux.net
 Sterne hansel Gelochelidon nilotica - Gull-billed Tern. Photos, Oiseaux.net.
 Чайконосая крачка Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, 1789). Птицы Казахстана
 Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, 1789) - Чайконосая крачка. Позвоночные животные России

 Laridae
Păsări din România
Păsări din Republica Moldova
Păsări descrise în 1789
Taxoni clasificați de Johann Friedrich Gmelin

Pescăriță râzătoare


was a Japanese film director and actor. He went to America along with a younger brother to visit an uncle living in Los Angeles. There he enrolled in an acting school, and upon hearing that Thomas H. Ince was looking for Japanese extras to work in his studios, he applied and was accepted in 1914. He appeared in such films as The Wrath of the Gods and The Cheat with Sessue Hayakawa. He was often billed as "Jack Abbe" or "Jack Yutake Abbe." He returned to Japan in 1925, finding work at the Nikkatsu studio, and soon made his debut as a director. Among his early works was the 1926 silent film The Woman Who Touched the Legs (Ashi ni sawatta onna), a comedy about a writer and a woman thief. This film, along with most of Abe's early work, is now lost. Before and during World War II, Abe directed a number of nationalistic propaganda films including Moyuru ōzora (Flaming Sky) and Ano hata o ute (Fire on That Flag).

After the war, he directed the 1950 film adaptation of Jun'ichirō Tanizaki's The Makioka Sisters, a film which brought him commercial success. His later films include the 1959 satirical comedy Season of Affairs (Uwaki no kisetsu).

Filmography

Actor
 The Wrath of the Gods (1914)
 The Cheat (1915)
 Her American Husband (1918)
 The Tong Man (1919)
 The Pagan God (1919)
 A Tale of Two Worlds (1921)

Director
 A Mermaid On Land (Riku no ningyo) (1926)
 The Woman Who Touched the Legs (1926)
 Five Women Around Him (Kare o meguru gonin no onna) (1927)
 Children of the Sun (Taiyō no ko) (1938)
 Moyuru ōzora (燃ゆる大空) (1940)
 Ano hata o ute (あの旗を撃て−コレヒドールの最後) (1944)
 The Makioka Sisters (1950)
 Koibito no iru machi (1953)
 Battleship Yamato (Senkan Yamato) (1953)
 Hanran: Ni-ni-roku jiken (1954)
 Nihon yaburezu (Japan Undefeated) (1954)
 Season of Affairs (Uwaki no kisetsu) (1959)

References

External links

 Abe Yutaka's JMDb Listing (in Japanese)

1895 births
1977 deaths
Japanese film directors
Japanese male film actors
People from Miyagi Prefecture
Actors from Miyagi Prefecture

Yutaka Abe


UEFA Europa League finalen 2018 var en fodboldkamp der blev spillet den 16. maj 2018. Kampen blev spillet foran 55.768 tilskuere på Parc Olympique lyonnais i den franske by Lyon, og skulle finde vinderen af UEFA Europa League 2017-18. De deltagende hold var franske Olympique Marseille og spanske Atlético Madrid. Den var kulminationen på den 47. sæson i Europas næststørste klubturnering for hold arrangeret af UEFA, og den niende finale siden turneringen skiftede navn fra UEFA Cup til UEFA Europa League. For begge hold var det den tredje finale i turneringen. Marseille tabte i 1993 og 2004, mens Atlético sejrede i 2010 og 2012.

Med en sejr på 3-0 sikrede Atlético Madrid sig sin tredje triumf i turneringen. De to første mål blev scoret af Antoine Griezmann, inden anfører Gabi scorede det sidste få minutter for slutfløjtet.

Kampen blev ledet af den hollandske dommer Björn Kuipers.

Spillested
UEFAs eksklusiv-komite bestemte på et møde den 9. december 2016 i Nyon, at Parc Olympique lyonnais i den franske by Lyon, skulle være vært for finalen. Arenaen blev åbnet i januar 2016, og er hjemmebane for klubben Olympique lyonnais.

Kampen
"Hjemmeholdet" (af administrative årsager) blev fundet ved en ekstra lodtrækning, der blev afholdt efter lodtrækningen til semifinalerne.

Se også
 UEFA Champions League finalen 2018

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 UEFA Europa League på UEFAs hjemmeside

2018
Finalen 2018
Fodbold i 2018
Lyon
Olympique de Marseille
Atletico de Madrid

UEFA Europa League finalen 2018


Cerno, querno o kernos (en griego antiguo κέρνος o κέρχνος, plural kernoi) era un vaso de ofrendas (vasija ritual) compuesto de varios opérculos o "cotiliscos" unidos entre sí, que servían de recipientes para mezclar en el cuerpo del vaso los distintos líquidos usados en la ofrenda. Las excavaciones arqueológicas los han encontrado en todo el mundo mediterráneo, desde Grecia hasta Levante. Los más antiguos se remontan a la civilización cicládica, alrededor de 2300-2200 a. C.

Ateneo, en el Banquete de los eruditos, da una descripción del cerno y de los tipos de ofrendas que podía reunir:

Algunas pinturas decorando diversos vasos griegos demuestran que en la celebración de los Misterios de Eleusis, las sacerdotisas solían llevar 'quernos' con lamparillas sobre la cabeza.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Copas
Alfarería y cerámica de la Antigua Grecia

Cerno


Røyneberg skole, Norveç'in petrol başkenti olan Stavanger şehri yakınlarında Sola'daki bir ilkokuldur.

Dış bağlantılar
 Røyneberg skole (Røyneberg Okulu) .

Norveç'teki okullar
Rogaland

Røyneberg skole


Gladiolus mariae, vrsta gladiole otkrivene 2019 godine u Gvineji u zapadnoj Africi.

Izvori

Crocoideae
Flora Gvineje

Gladiolus mariae


An Poa cookii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Joseph Dalton Hooker, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Joseph Dalton Hooker. An Poa cookii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Poa

Poa cookii


Zügellos ist ein Kriminalhörspiel nach dem gleichnamigen Kriminalroman des englischen Schriftstellers Dick Francis, in der Hörspielbearbeitung von Alexander Schnitzler und der Regie von Klaus Zippel. Es wurde 2002 produziert von den Rundfunkanstalten des Mitteldeutschen Rundfunks und Südwestrundfunks und erschien im August 2003 als Produktion bei Der Audio Verlag. Wie bei allen anderen Kriminalromanen Francis' hat die Handlung einen Bezug zum Galopprennsport.

Handlung

Thomas Lyon, ein junger britischer Regisseur, kann erstmals bei einer Hollywood-Produktion nach einem englischen Bestsellerroman Regie führen. Darin wird lose auf einem mehrere Jahrzehnte zurückliegenden mysteriösen Todesfall einer jungen Frau in der Turfszene basierend eine spekulative Kriminalgeschichte erzählt.

Doch zu Anfang wird Thomas Lyon zum Haus seines einstigen, selbst mit dem Pferdesport verbundenen Mentors Valentine Clark, gerufen, der todkrank im Sterben liegt. Auf dem Totenbett hält dieser Lyon für einen Pater und beichtet ihm in unklaren Worten gegenüber einen wie auch immer gearteten Mord an den Jungen aus Cornwall, das er selbst nicht haben verantworten wollen und das er "ihre Jugend zerstört habe, obwohl sie es nicht wussten." Da die Dreharbeiten auf Lyon warten, kann er sich zunächst darum nicht kümmern.

Denn er hat außerordentliche Probleme mit dem Autor der literarischen Vorlage, Howard Tyler, der entgegen seiner vertraglichen Verpflichtung bei der weiteren Ausgestaltung des Drehbuchs nicht mithelfen möchte, um seine Vorlage bangt und die weiteren Nachfragen bezüglich der eigentlichen zugrundeliegenden Geschehnisse boykottiert. Der Schriftsteller geht sogar so weit gegenüber der Presse Gerüchte darüber zu lancieren, dass angeblich sogar der eigentliche Star des Films, Nash Rourke, sich darüber negativ geäußert hätte. Lyon würde sowohl die Buchvorlage missachten, als auch den Film ruinieren. Da Rourke sich vor Lyon stellt und auch O'Hara, der Produzent, zu Lyon hält, scheint die erste Unruhe um den Film vorbei zu sein. Doch Tyler hatte die Indiskretionen gegenüber der Klatschkolumnistin Alison Visborough wiedergegeben, die aufgrund der persönlichen Involvierungen ihrer Familie durch ihren Bruder Roddy Visborough verlangt, dass die Dreharbeiten unverzüglich eingestellt werden.

Lyon wird aufgrund dieser Erpressungversuche misstrauisch und versucht hinter die Ursprünge der Geschichte zu kommen. Damals hatte sich Sonya Wells, die junge Ehefrau der politisch ambitionierten Trainerlegende Jackson Wells, ohne Zurücklassung eines Abschiedsbriefs in einer Scheune bei Newmarket erhängt. Ihr Ehemann zog daraufhin seine Kandidatur zum britischen Unterhaus zurück und sich selbst auch sukzessive vom Rennsport zurück. Allem Anschein nach hatte der Schriftsteller seinen Roman lediglich auf einem dünen Nachruf im Pferdesportmagazin Jockey Club basieren lassen. Während Thomas Lyon versucht, die damaligen Zeitzeugen zu erreichen, häufen sich Anschläge auf seine Filmproduktion und die mittelbar Beteiligten.

Ein maskierter Reiter attackiert bei den Dreharbeiten vermeintlich den Star Nash Rourke, verletzt aber in Unkenntnis lediglich dessen Stuntdouble mit einem Messer, Dorothea Pannier, die Schwester des kürzlich verstorbenen Mentors wird brutal überfallen und beinahe umgebracht. Lediglich das Herannahen ihres Sohnes Paul Pannier scheint sie gerettet zu haben. Insbesondere die Besitztümer ihres bei ihr wohnenden Bruders scheinen durchwühlt worden zu sein. Lyon schließt daraus, dass der oder die Unbekannten entweder etwas Kostbares oder enthüllendes Material erbeuten wollten. Denn in dem Erbe des ehemaligen Hufschmieds und Pferdefachmanns befand sich auch ein ausführliches Rennsportarchiv, auf das insbesondere Paul Pannier sein Auge geworfen hatte, um es im Familienbesitz zu behalten. Aber laut Testament war es Thomas Lyon zugedacht worden, der Teile davon bereits an einen sicheren Platz bringen konnte.

Als schließlich Paul Pannier erstochen wird und während eines Renntages auch ein Mordanschlag mit einem Messer auf Lyon selbst versucht wird, der nur dank einer Schutzweste glimpflich abläuft, wollen die Hollywood-Bosse des Filmstudios ihm vom Projekt abziehen, aber auch diesmal hält Nash Rourke zu ihm und dank der Hilfe von Lucy Wells, der Tochter Jacksons Wells aus zweiter Ehe, kann er in dem Archiv wichtige Details wie ein aufschlussreiches Gruppenporträt finden. Darüber hinaus gibt ihm aufgrund des aufgefundenen seltenen Messers, das als Tatwaffe gedient hat, der mit dem verstorbenen Valentine Clark befreundete Waffenspezialist Professor Derry wichtige Hinweise.

Auf dem Gruppenporträt mit der aufschlussreichen handschriftlichen Notiz "Die Gang" war eine Gruppe junger Männer und eine Frau zu sehen. Mit Hilfe der Zeitzeugen kann Lyon den vermutlichen Hergang entschlüsseln: In den Swinging Sixties hatte sich wohl unter dem Einfluss von Name eine Gruppe junger Pferdesportnarren gefunden, die rundweg alles teilten – selbst ihre sexuellen Erfahrungen. Ausgerechnet Valentine hatte den jungen Jockey Pig mit der sexuellen Spielart Paraphilie bekannt gemacht, die er eines Nachts bei Sonya Wells "ausprobierte" und sie dabei ungewollt erwürgte. Die Gruppe um Roddy Visborough, Paul Pannier, Pig, Ridley Wells, der Schwager Sonyas, vertuschte das Verbrechen als Selbstmord und täuschte erfolgreich die Polizei. Während der Tat war Jackson Wells selbst in York gewesen und kam erst Wochen später dahinter, weil Ridley Wells im betrunkenen Zustand sich eines Tages bei ihm "auskotzte" und ihm die Tat beichtete. Daraufhin brachte Jackson seinen Bruder beinahe um, indem er ihn bis zur Bewusstlosigkeit verprügelte. Im Anschluss ging er Jackson zu Valentine Clark und fragte ihn um Rat. Aber Clark war bereits aufgrund eines Geständnisses seines Neffen Paul auf die Lösungen gekommen, tötete er seinerseits im Unwissen Jacksons Pig mit einem von ihm selbst geschmiedeten Messerspieß und ließ den Leichnam in einem zugeschütteten Brunnen verschwinden. Um dies zu kaschieren, hatte er das Gerücht streuen lassen, dass der junge Jockey aus Cornwall sein Glück in Australien versuchen wollte. Dies war die Tat, die er Lyon auf dem Sterbebett beichten wollte. Jackson und den anderen hatte er hingegen angeraten, dass sie alle mit der Tat leben müssten oder zur Polizei gehen sollten. Alle befanden aber, dass dies auf gar keinen Fall zutage treten dürfe, weil auch Roddy Visborough als Sonyas Bruder von dem Skandal freigehalten werden sollte. Doch wie Jackson Wells selbst formuliert, "ging alles in die Binsen", das Leben der Beteiligten änderte sich, weil die Freundschaft zerbrach und ihr Erfolg im Beruf nachließ.

Aufgrund der Dreharbeiten und der Nachforschungen waren die einstigen Gefährten aufgeschreckt worden. Der Anschlag auf Mrs. Pannier ging auf das Konto von Roddy Visborough, der nur durch das Eingreifen von Paul Pannier von Schlimmeren abgehalten wurde. Doch deswegen musste er seinerseits sterben. Lyon stellt Ridley Wells eine erste Falle, indem er ihn als Stuntreiter engagiert und ihn das zuschauende Publikum als jenen mysteriösen Reiter identifiziert, der den Anschlag auf Nash verüben wollte. Der hinter den anderen Morden steckende Anführer der alten Gang, Roddy Visborough, wird letztendlich entlarvt, als er die vermeintlichen letzten Beweismittel, sprich das besagte Foto aus dem Safe des Produzenten stehlen möchte, ihn dabei der Regisseur stellt, niederringt und die Polizei Roddy Visborough festnehmen kann.

Nach der Aufklärung des Falls scheint einer überarbeiteten Drehbuchfassung und den Dreharbeiten kein Stein mehr im Weg zu liegen.

Ausgabe
 Zügellos. Hörspielbearbeitung: Alexander Schnitzler. Regie: Klaus Zippel, Produktion: MDR und SWR, 2002, Musik: Pierre Oser, 1 CD, Länge: ca. 71 Min. Der Audio Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-89813-266-8.

Hintergrund
Die Besetzung des Filmstars Nash Rourke mit der Standard-Synchronisationstimme Richard Geres Hubertus Bengsch passt sich der Vorlage an.

Rezension
"Wenig Geräusche und seltene Musikeinlagen, trotzdem entsteht eine temporeiche und spannende Kriminalgeschichte. Die Sprecher überzeugen, besonders ihnen, und der guten Regie, ist es zu verdanken, das aus diesem Hörspiel ein Geheimtipp wird. Wer spannende Krimigeschichten liebt, ist hier genau richtig. Das Ende wird nicht auf einem Silbertablett serviert, und so erwartet man spannend, bis zum Schluss, die Auflösung der Geschichte. Etwas abwegig erscheint allerdings die Vorstellung das ausgerechnet ein Hollywoodregisseur gründliche Recherchen anstellt, um einen Film zu drehen."

Weblinks
 Eintrag Zügellos auf: www.hoerdat.in-berlin.de. Abgerufen am 23. April 2012.
 Eintrag zu Zügellos auf www.krimi-couch.de. Abgerufen am 23. April 2012.

Einzelnachweise

Kriminalhörspiel

Zügellos (Hörspiel)


Francisco Silva Jiménez (El Salto; 3 de febrero de 1923-?; 4 de mayo de 2004), más conocido como Borrego, fue un futbolista mexicano. Jugó para el Club Deportivo Guadalajara de 1943 a 1950.

Clubes

Referencias

Futbolistas de Jalisco
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Guadalajara en los años 1940
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Guadalajara en los años 1950
Centrocampistas de fútbol

Francisco Silva "Borrego"


The Royal Veterinary College (informally the RVC) is a veterinary school located in London and a member institution of the federal University of London. The RVC was founded in 1791 and joined the University of London in 1949. It is the oldest and largest Veterinary school in the United Kingdom, and one of only 11 in the country where students can study to become a vet.

History

18th century
The Veterinary College of London was founded in 1791 by a group led by Granville Penn, a grandson of William Penn, following the foundation of the first veterinary college in Europe  in Lyon, France, in 1762. The promoters wished to select a site close to the metropolis, but far enough away to minimise the temptations open to the students, who were all men. Earl Camden was just then making arrangements to develop some fields he owned to the north of London, and he replied to the college's newspaper advertisement for a suitable site with an offer to sell it some of his land. The site was rural, but urban developments appeared on all sides in the early decades of the 19th century, creating Camden Town.

Charles Benoit Vial de St Bel of the Lyon establishment was appointed as the first principal of the new college. The first students, just four of them, began their studies in 1792, and the first horse was admitted for treatment in 1793. St Bel died later that year and was succeeded by Edward Coleman, who managed the college for nearly forty six years and established its reputation. Among the first students were Delabere Pritchett Blaine and Bracy Clark. In its early years it was mainly concerned with horses, but the range of animals covered gradually increased. The original building was a quadrangle in a neoclassical style, and there was a paddock on the opposite side of Royal College Street, but this was later sold for housing development.

In 1796 John Shipp was the first qualified veterinary surgeon to join the British Army.

19th century
The college first acquired royal patronage from King George IV. In 1844 it was awarded a royal charter.

In 1865 RVC Professor James Beart Simonds was appointed as the first Chief Inspector and Veterinary Advisor to the Privy council, with particular regard to cattle plague.

In 1875 college was granted a royal charter as the Royal Veterinary College; it remains the only veterinary college in the UK to have its own royal charter.

In 1879 the Cheap Practice Clinic was established, later known as the Poor People's Out-Patients Clinic. Some veterinary surgeons were concerned that the college was threatening their livelihoods, but the college argued that poor people could not afford veterinary fees, therefore their animals would go untreated if the Clinic were closed.

The college celebrated its centenary in 1891 and in that year the Students' Union was founded. In 1895 the first X-ray machine was acquired.

20th century
There was a major renovation in 1907 of the college horse boxes, which had fund-raisers' commemorative shields hung at their doorways.

Women were admitted to the College after the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 came into force. The first women were admitted in 1927.

In 1924 the Research Institute in Animal Pathology was built, headed by Professor John McFadyean.

Various extensions were added to the Camden Town site over the years. The buildings had become obsolete and in 1927 were officially declared dangerous structures. A fund-raising scheme for the total rebuilding of the college was launched by the new principal, Professor Sir Frederick Hobday.

In 1932 the Beaumont Animals' Hospital opened.

New buildings were opened by King George VI in November 1937.

During the Second World War, the RVC evacuated to Streatley, Berkshire, although the Beaumont Animals' Hospital remained open at Camden Town.

In 1949 the RVC became a school of the University of London.

In 1958 the Hawkshead field station, in Hertfordshire, was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II.

In the 1980s the Royal Veterinary College Animal Care Trust was launched with the Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother as patron, and the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals was opened at Hawkshead by the Queen Mother. Princess Anne, the Princess Royal, and Chancellor of the University of London, opened the surgical wing of the Sefton Equine Referral Hospital.

The bicentenary celebrations were held in 1991. The skeleton of the famous racehorse Eclipse, dissected in 1789 by St. Bel was once more the property of the RVC and was placed on display in the museum at Hawkshead.

Geoffrey Mead was appointed to the "Vestey Chair of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health" in 1992, mentioned in a 2000 book, and described by a third party as "the first post of its kind in the UK"; however a search of the RVC website in August 2020 does not reveal any mention of Vestey or such a chair.

21st century
The London BioScience Innovation Centre was opened in 2001.

The Learning Resource Centre (Eclipse Building) was officially opened at Hawkshead by the Queen in October 2003. The Large Animal Clinical Centre was officially opened by Prince Philip The Duke of Edinburgh in October 2003.

In 2005 the Duchess of Cornwall visited the Hawkshead Campus as new Patron of the Royal Veterinary College Animal Care Trust.

The LIVE Centre at Hawkshead was officially opened by The Princess Royal in February 2007.

Stuart Reid was appointed principal of the RVC in late 2010.

Campuses

The RVC has two campuses, one in Camden in Central London and the other near Potters Bar in Hertfordshire. On the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine course, students spend two years in Camden followed by three years in Potters Bar.

The 1930s buildings on Royal College Street in Camden Town, near St Pancras railway station remain, with minor extensions. Around half of the undergraduate students are based there at any one time. The Camden campus is also home to the main bulk of the RVC Student Union (RVCSU), including the main college bar, the Haxby.

The Hawkshead Campus is located in Brookmans Park, rural Hertfordshire, about  north of central London, was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1959. The majority of the college sports teams train and play on the sports courts and fields at this campus, which is also home to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Bolton's Park Farm and the Buttery (a second union-run bar).

Education

The college now provides a number of undergraduate courses, including the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (BVetMed) as well as accelerated graduate entry BVetMed and a combined BVetMed, Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BSc) degree. BSc degrees are also provided in veterinary nursing, bioveterinary sciences, biological sciences and veterinary pathology, and a foundation degree in veterinary nursing is also offered.

The college also offers the Gateway course; the first year of an extended six-year veterinary degree programme, created for students who are part of the UK Widening Participation cohort. It is designed to equip students with the knowledge, understanding and skills needed to join a career-building veterinary degree course. This is a widening participation programme for UK non-selective state school students whose parents have not been to university and who receive, or would have been eligible between 2004 and 2010 in England, to receive an Education Maintenance Allowance payment.

There is a distance learning department and the Graduate School provides masters courses, PhD studentships and clinical training scholarships in a wide range of disciplines. The college's Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Unit is a major academic provider of educational services to the veterinary community.

The RVC has an e-Media Unit which collaborates with other UK veterinary schools on the development of the WikiVet site.

Student life

Students are encouraged to participate in extra-curricular activities both inside and outside of the college authority. The traditional sports of rowing, rugby, netball, hockey, and football are offered for both men and women; more unusually, students take part in sports such as shooting, ice-skating, and polo. For purpose of sports, the RVC is a part of the United Hospitals, and the sports clubs compete (and sometimes socialise) with the London medical schools (such as Barts, ICSM, and RUMS).

There are also a number of academically inclined clubs, such as the Farm Animal Clinical Club, the Student Equine Veterinary Association, and the Zoological Society. Non-academic societies include the Music Society, performing arts, games society, and the International Veterinary Students' Association (IVSA).

The Students' Union runs a number of events throughout the year. In the past, these have included a May Ball, Christmas Ball and Sports Ball, as well as a Halfway Dinner (which takes place in the second term of third year for students on the BVetMed course), Burns Night, an elaborate Freshers' Week and Raising and Giving (RAG) Fortnight. The union itself is steadily growing and includes representatives of the Association of Veterinary Students and IVSA; based out of Hawkshead House on the Hawkshead Campus, it provides social and academic opportunities for students of all cohorts and courses. A 'Camden vs. Hawkshead' competition, traditionally taking place between pre-clinical and clinical students, is traditionally held in spring each year. Since 2018, a 'varsity' weekend has also taken place between the RVC and the veterinary school at the University of Surrey; the inaugural event was hosted at Surrey but won by the RVC.

Students on the BVetMed course are invited to attend events organised by the Association of Veterinary Students (AVS) such as Sports Weekend (where the schools compete against each other in unisex football, rugby, netball, and other games) and the annual academic Congress. These allow veterinary students from the UK veterinary schools and the University College Dublin veterinary faculty to convene once or twice a year to socialise, network and compete. Sports Weekend was last held at the RVC in 2016, and Congress in 2019.

RVC students are also invited to participate in societies run by other universities in London; the University of London Union offers a selection of sports and societies, as does the Imperial College School of Medicine Students' Union, and students tend to take advantage of these opportunities as well as being involved in RVC societies.

Research
The Research Assessment Exercise in 2008 ranked the RVC as England's best veterinary school of those institutions whose research is exclusively veterinary related. 55% of their submitted academic staff were viewed as producing "world class" or "internationally excellent" research. It is a self-governing college within the University of London and its scientists  work together in interdisciplinary teams within one research division.

The disciplines of Epidemiology, Microbiology, Pathology, Immunology and Clinical Science are drawn together in the Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases (CEEED Centre), opened in 2008.

Animal Welfare and the Animal Welfare unit situated at the college are fundamental to the RVC's research mission and underpins their research programmes. The Structure and Motion Laboratory of the college also has facilities to study locomotion. Understanding how animals and people move is fundamental to musculoskeletal health and diseases that result from ageing, physical activity and the environment.  The leaders of this Centre of Excellence are at the forefront of developing technologies to study animal movement, which are used in both basic and applied research.

The RVC has a Clinical Investigation Centre, co-ordinating disciplined study of its clinical caseload through its electronic patient record system and undertaking Phase II Clinical Trials under a Home Office license. They aim to translate research into solutions for veterinary and human medicine and use their expertise and veterinary patient caseload to undertake comparative research of both biomedical and veterinary significance.

Clinical services
The RVC runs three animal hospitals and three first opinion practices, all based in London and Hertfordshire. The hospitals treat over 20,000 patients per year.

For small animals, the RVC runs the Beaumont Sainsbury Animal Hospital, a first-opinion hospital based at the RVC's Camden campus, and the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, an animal referral hospital which provides clinical services in a wide range of specialities.

The equine services include the Equine Practice which is a first opinion ambulatory service, serving Hertfordshire and other local areas and the Equine Referral Hospital which provides referral clinical services to equine practices and horse owners throughout the south of England.

The RVC operates a referral farm animal hospital at its Hawkshead Campus, which provides full hospitalisation, diagnostic and surgical facilities for individual farm animals. The college has a collaboration with the Dairy Development centre, the Welsh Regional Veterinary Centre (WRVC), which provides a farm health investigation service to vets and farmers in the South Wales region.

Alumni
 Mary Brancker, CBE, DUniv, FRCVS, (1914–2010).  The first woman to become president of the British Veterinary Association, after whom Mary Brancker House was named.
 Walter Plowright, CMG, FRCVS, FRS (1923-2010), whose work led directly to the worldwide eradication of the viral disease rinderpest in 2001.
 Sir Gordon Shattock (1928-2010)
 Dr Rory Cowlam (2010-2015)
 Liz Bonnin, Science broadcaster
Clare Bryant, Professor of Veterinary Science

See also
 Armorial of UK universities
 List of universities in the UK

References

External links

 Queen visits the College in 1959
 Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons

Higher education colleges in London
University of London
Veterinary schools in England
1791 establishments in England
Educational institutions established in 1791
Medical museums in England
Universities UK

Royal Veterinary College


Die Wahl zur Verfassunggebenden Landesversammlung fand in Bayern am 30. Juni 1946 statt. Am gleichen Tag fand die Wahl zur Verfassunggebenden Landesversammlung Württemberg-Baden statt.
Diese beiden waren die ersten Wahlen zu einer überkommunalen Körperschaft in Deutschland nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Die Wahlbeteiligung in Bayern betrug 72,1 %.

Vorgeschichte
Bayern war Ende April 1945 komplett von US-Truppen besetzt worden. Am 28. Mai 1945 ernannte die US-Militärregierung ("OMGUS") Fritz Schäffer zum Vorläufigen Ministerpräsident. Am 19. September wurde Bayern als Land offiziell wiederhergestellt. Am 28. September wurde Schäffer durch den Sozialdemokraten Wilhelm Hoegner ersetzt.

Am 8. Februar 1946 ordnete der US-General Lucius D. Clay an, eine Verfassung für Bayern auszuarbeiten. Diese Verfassungsgebung fand zunächst in einem Vorläufigen Ausschuss statt, wo ein erster Entwurf entwickelt wurde. Die endgültige Entscheidung sollte durch eine gewählte Versammlung getroffen werden. Die Wahl zu dieser fand dann am 30. Juni 1946 statt.

Nach der Verabschiedung der Verfassung fanden am 1. Dezember 1946 die erste reguläre Landtagswahl sowie eine Volksabstimmung über die neue Verfassung statt.

Ergebnis

Siehe auch
 Liste der Mitglieder der Verfassunggebenden Landesversammlung (Bayern)
 Verfassung des Freistaates Bayern
 Kabinett Schäffer
 Kabinett Hoegner I

Quellen
 Wolfgang Benz: Neuanfang in Bayern, München 1988, Beck-Verlag.
 Barbara Fait: Demokratische Erneuerung unter dem Sternenbanner, Düsseldorf 1998, Droste-Verlag.

Landesversammlung in Bayern 1946
Bayern Landesversammlung
Bayern Landesversammlung
Bayerische Geschichte (20. Jahrhundert)
Bayern 1946

Wahl zur Landesversammlung in Bayern 1946


Au Chili avec los Parra de Chillán (en francés; en castellano: En Chile con Los Parra de Chillán) o simplemente Los Parra de Chillán es el primer álbum de estudio del dúo de cantautores chilenos Isabel y Ángel Parra, hijos de Violeta Parra, grabado en París en agosto de 1963 durante su gira por Europa junto a su madre iniciada el año anterior, y lanzado en Francia ese mismo año.

El disco incluye fundamentalmente canciones de música folclórica chilena, estando el Lado A conformado en su totalidad por canciones del folclore chileno recopiladas por Violeta Parra, en tanto que el Lado B contiene además canciones compuestas por ella, otra por Ángel Parra y otra por Roberto Parra, hermano de Violeta y tío de los hermanos. En la interpretación colaboran la misma Violeta, Carmen Luisa Arce, Gerardo Servín y Cristina "Tita" Parra, hija de Isabel con tan sólo 7 años de edad. Las canciones «Cantos a lo divino» y «Teneme en tu corazón» fueron integradas más adelante en una reedición de 1974 del álbum de Violeta Canciones reencontradas en París, bajo el título de Un río de sangre.

El título del álbum se refiere al origen de la Familia Parra en la entonces pequeña ciudad de Chillán, ubicada en la Región de Ñuble. La carátula incluye una explicación de cada canción en francés.

Lista de canciones
Toda la música perteneciente a la música folclórica de Chile, salvo que se indique lo contrario.

(*) En la carátula original hay algunos errores sobre la autoría de los temas, que aquí han sido corregidos.

Créditos
 Intérpretes
 Isabel Parra: guitarra, percusión y voz en 3, 6, 7 y 8.
 Ángel Parra: guitarra, percusión y voz en 2 y 4, quenas en 7 y 10.
 Violeta Parra: guitarra, percusión y voz en 3, animación en 1 y 11
 Carmen Luisa Arce: animación en 1 y 11.2, voz en 10.
 Cristina «Tita» Parra: voz en 10.
 Gerardo Servín: arpa en 1 y 11.
 Otros
 Claude Morel: sonido, fotografía de cubierta.

Referencias

Álbumes de Francia de 1963
Álbumes de Chile de 1963
Álbumes debut de 1963
Álbumes de Isabel Parra
Álbumes de Ángel Parra
Chillán
Álbumes en español

Au Chili avec los Parra de Chillán


Zitouna se poate referi la:
Zitouna, localitate în provincia El Tarf, Algeria
Zitouna, localitate în provincia Skikda, Algeria

Zitouna


ජොන් ඩේවි ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 1790 දී බ්‍රිතාන්‍යෙය් දී උපත ලැබීය.ඔහු වෛද්‍යවරයෙකු හා ලේඛකයෙකු ගවේශකයෙකු හා සංචාරකයෙකු ලෙස ප්‍රකටය.ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පිළිබද ඓතිහාසිත තොරතුරු ගවේශනය කළ කීර්තිමත් ගවේශකයෙකු ලේඛකයෙකු මෙන්ම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිටි ඉංග්‍රීසි ආණ්ඩුකාරයෙකු වූ රොබට් බ්‍රවුන්රි ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයාගේ පෞද්ගලික වෛද්‍යවරයාදවිය.

ළමාවිය හා අධ්‍යාපනය
ඩේවි ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 1790 දී බ්‍රිතාන්‍යෙය් දී උපත ලැබීය.ඔහුගේ සොහොයුරා වන්නේ සුප්‍රකට ශ්‍රීමත් හම්ප්‍රි ඩේවී නම්වූ විද්‍යාඥයාය.නම්ප්‍රි ඩේවි විසින් ගල් අගුරු ආකර තුල භාවිත කළ හැකි ආරක්ෂිත ලාම්පුවක් නිපදවීය.කුඩා අවදියේ සිටම අද්‍යාපනයට දක්ෂතා දක්වූ ඩේවි තම උසස් අධ්‍යාපනය සදහා පියමනින්නේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයේ එඩින්බරෝ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයටයි.එහිදී තම උසස් අධ්‍යාපනය සදහා වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව තොරාගන්නා ඔහු 1814 දී එම විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයෙන්ම වෛද්‍ය උපාධිය හිමිකර ගනී.ඔහු දක්ෂ ශල්‍ය වෛද්‍යවරයෙකු බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යුධ හමුදාවට එක්වී තම වෘත්තීය ජීවිතය අරඹයි.

ලංකාවට පැමිණීම
1816 දී ලංකාවට පැමිනෙන ජොන් ඩේවි එවක ලංකාවේ ඉංග්‍රීසි ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා වූ සර් රොබට් බ්‍රවුන්රි ගේ පෞද්ගලික වෛද්‍ය වරයා ලෙස සේවය කරයි.ඔහු 1816 සිට 1820 දක්වා කාලය තුල ලංකාවේ වාසය කළේය.ඔහු මෙසේ ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයාගේ පෞද්ගලික වෛද්‍යවරයා ලෙස සේවය කරන අතරතුර ලංකාව පුරා සංචාරය කරමින් ලංකිකයන්ගේ සමාජ ආර්ථික ආගමික හා සංස්කෘතික කාරනා පිළිබදව ඉතා සුපරික්ෂාවෙන් තොරතුරු ගවේශනය කළේය.එසේම තමා විසින් සහභාගී නිරීක්ෂනය මගින් රැස්කරගත් ශ්‍රී ලාංකික යන් පිළිබද තොරතුරු ලේඛන ගත කොට සුරක්ෂිත කිරීමට අමතක නොකලේය.

ප්‍රකාශන

ජොන් ඩේවි විසික් ග්‍රන්ත පහක් පමණ ප්‍රකාශයටපත්කර ඇත.මෙම ග්‍රන්ත අතරින් ඩේවි ලංකාව ගැන ලියූ විශිෂ්ටතම ග්‍රන්තය ලෙස An Account of The Interior Of Ceylon and Of its Inhabitants ග්‍රන්තය සදහන්වේ.මෙය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පිළිබද විවිධ පැතිකඩයන් ඔස්සේ සමාජ මානව විද්‍යත්මක දෘෂ්ටි කොණයෙන් විමසා බැලෙන කෘතියකි.

ඩේවි දුටු ලංකාව

ජෝන් ඩෙවි විසින් රචිත An Account of The Interior Of Ceylon and Of its Inhabitants නම් ග්‍රන්තය ඇල්ලේපොළ එච්.එම් සොමරත්නයන් විසින් ඩේවි දුටු ලංකාව නමින් සිංහලයට පරිවර්තනය කළේය.

මෙම ග්‍රන්තයේ මුල් පරිච්ඡෙද තුන භූගෝලීය පිහිටීම කදු ඛනිජ පිළිබද විස්තර කරයි.තුන්වන හතරවන පස්වන හා හයවන පරිච්ඡෙද උඩරට රාජධානියේ දේශපාලන පසුබිම විස්තර කරයි.හත්වන පරිච්ඡේදය ආගමික පසුබිම විස්තර කරයි.අටවන පරිච්ඡෙදය කලාව හා සාහිත්‍ය විස්තර කරයි.නමවන පරිච්ඡෙදයෙන් ගැමි ජීවිතය විස්තර කරයි.දහවන පරිච්ඡේදයෙදී ඩේවි විසින් විවිධ පුද්ගලයින් හමඑී ලබාගත් තොරතුරු ජනප්‍රවාද විස්තර කරයි.

බාහිර යොමු
 https://archive.org/stream/anaccountinteri00davygoog#page/n14/mode/1up

ජොන් ඩේවි


ජෝන් රේලන්ඩ්ස් පුස්තකාලය නව-ගොතික නිර්මාණකරනයට අනුව නිමවා ඇති අතර එන්ගලන්තයේ මැන්චෙස්ටර් නුවර පිහිටා ඇත.

මූලාශ්‍ර

එංගලන්තයේ අධ්‍යයන පුස්තකාල

ජෝන් රේලන්ඩ්ස් පුස්තකාලය


Boyalı, Samsun ilinin Havza ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 138 km, Havza ilçesine 46 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Havza'nın mahalleleri

Boyalı, Havza