J. Edgar es una película dramática estrenada el 9 de noviembre de 2011 en Estados Unidos, protagonizada por Leonardo DiCaprio. A su vez, Clint Eastwood asume las tareas de dirección, producción y composición de la banda sonora. Está basada en la vida de J. Edgar Hoover, que fue el primer director de la Oficina Federal de Investigación (FBI) desde el 10 de mayo de 1924 hasta su muerte en el año 1972.

Argumento
En 1919, después de que los anarquistas intentaran asesinar al fiscal general A. Mitchell Palmer, este pone a su protegido, J. Edgar Hoover, a cargo de una nueva división dedicada a purgar a los radicales. Hoover rápidamente comienza a compilar una lista de sospechosos. Conoce a Helen Gandy, una nueva secretaria del Departamento de Justicia, y la lleva a la Biblioteca del Congreso para mostrarle el sistema de catálogo de tarjetas que ideó. Él intenta conquistarla y luego le propone matrimonio. Ella lo rechaza, pero acepta convertirse en su secretaria personal.

Hoover descubre que el Departamento de Trabajo se niega a deportar a nadie sin pruebas de un delito. Al enterarse de que Anthony Caminetti, el Comisionado General de Inmigración, no le gusta la anarquista Emma Goldman, Hoover hace que sea elegible para la deportación y crea un precedente de deportación por conspiración radical. Después de varias redadas del Departamento de Justicia sobre presuntos grupos radicales, Palmer pierde su trabajo como fiscal general. Su sucesor, Harlan F. Stone, designa a Hoover como director de la nueva Oficina de Investigación del Departamento de Justicia. Hoover conoce al abogado Clyde Tolson y lo contrata.

Cuando el secuestro del bebe Lindbergh capta la atención nacional, el presidente Herbert Hoover le pide a la Oficina que investigue. Hoover emplea varias técnicas novedosas, incluido monitorear los números de registro en los billetes del pago del rescate y el análisis experto de la escritura del secuestrador. Cuando los billetes monitoreados comienzan a aparecer en la ciudad de Nueva York, los investigadores encuentran a un empleado de la estación de servicio que anotó el número de matrícula del hombre que le dio el billete. Esto lleva al arresto, y eventual condena, de Bruno Richard Hauptmann por el secuestro y asesinato del niño Lindbergh.
Después de que Hoover, Tolson y la madre de Hoover (con quien Hoover aún vive) ven la película de James Cagney G Men, Hoover y Tolson van a un club, donde Hoover está sentado con Anita Colby, Ginger Rogers y la madre de Rogers, Lela. La madre de Rogers le pide a Hoover que baile y se pone nervioso, diciendo que él y Tolson deben irse, ya que tienen mucho trabajo por hacer en la mañana. Cuando llega a casa, le dice a su madre que no le gusta bailar con chicas. Ella le dice que preferiría que él esté muerto que un homosexual. Ella insiste en enseñarle a bailar, y bailan en su dormitorio.

Hoover y Tolson se van de vacaciones a las carreras de caballos. Esa noche, Hoover le dice a Tolson que se preocupa profundamente por él, y Tolson le dice a Hoover que lo ama. Hoover entra en pánico y afirma que quiere casarse con Dorothy Lamour. Tolson acusa a Hoover de hacer el ridículo y terminan peleándose en el piso. Tolson repentinamente besa a Hoover, quien dice que eso nunca debe volver a suceder; Tolson dice que no, y trata de irse. Hoover se disculpa y le ruega que se quede, pero Tolson amenaza con poner fin a su amistad si Hoover vuelve a hablar de otra mujer. Después de que Tolson se va, Hoover dice que él también lo ama.

Años más tarde, Hoover siente que su fuerza comienza a disminuir, mientras que Tolson sufre un ataque de apoplejía. Hoover intenta chantajear a Martin Luther King, Jr. para que rechace su Premio Nobel de la Paz, enviándole una carta amenazando con exponer sus relaciones extramatrimoniales. King ignora esto y acepta el premio.

Hoover le dice a Gandy que destruya sus archivos secretos después de su muerte para evitar que el presidente Richard Nixon los obtenga. Él visita a Tolson, quien lo insta a retirarse. Hoover se niega, alegando que Nixon va a destruir la oficina que ha creado. Tolson acusa a Hoover de haber exagerado su participación en eventos clave de la Oficina. Momentos más tarde, Hoover le dice a Tolson que necesitaba a Tolson más de lo que nunca había necesitado a nadie más. Él sostiene la mano de Tolson, besa su frente y se va.

Hoover regresa a casa del trabajo, obviamente debilitado. Poco después de que Hoover sube las escaleras, su ama de llaves llama a Tolson, quien va a la casa y encuentra a Hoover muerto junto a su cama. Un Tolson afligido cubre el cuerpo de su amigo. Nixon pronuncia un discurso conmemorativo en televisión para Hoover, mientras varios miembros de su personal ingresan a la oficina de Hoover y buscan entre los archivadores y los cajones en busca de sus rumorados archivos "confidenciales", pero no encuentran nada. En la última escena, Gandy destruye montones de archivos

Reparto

 Leonardo DiCaprio como J. Edgar Hoover.
 Armie Hammer como Clyde Tolson.
 Naomi Watts como Helen Gandy.
 Judi Dench como Annie Hoover.
 Ed Westwick como Agent Smith.
 Josh Lucas como Charles Lindbergh.
 Jeffrey Donovan como Robert F. Kennedy.
 Damon Herriman como Bruno Hauptmann.
 Dermot Mulroney como Coronel Schwarzkopf.

Producción
Se empezó a rodar el 7 de febrero de 2011. Fue filmada en las ciudades de Los Ángeles (California), Washington D.C. y Warrenton (Virginia), todas ellas en Estados Unidos. Durante el proceso de composición del reparto se rumoreó que Joaquin Phoenix interpretaría a Clyde Tolson, pero los rumores fueron negados posteriormente. Para interpretar a Helen Gandy se contrató a Charlize Theron, pero ésta abandonó el proyecto en favor de Snow White and the Huntsman (2012). Por otro lado, Amy Adams también fue tanteada para dar vida a dicho personaje, pero finalmente recayó en Naomi Watts.

Sexualidad de J. Edgar Hoover
En la película se aborda la posible homosexualidad de J. Edgar Hoover y sobre su presunta relación sentimental con Clyde Tolson. Hoover nunca contrajo matrimonio, lo que siempre despertó rumores acerca de su sexualidad. Clint Eastwood decidió retratar este aspecto de la vida privada de Hoover en el film, por ello el director y el actor Leonardo DiCaprio decidieron documentarse lo máximo posible para que posteriormente quedara reflejado en pantalla. Durante la premier llevada a cabo en Los Ángeles, DiCaprio declaró que "siendo sincero, no tengo la respuesta a esa pregunta, ni tampoco queda nadie vivo que lo sepa". Además agregó que "hacían todo juntos, ninguno tuvo familia ni novia, entonces si uno saca conlusiones...".

Algunos de los aún seguidores de J. Edgar Hoover ven como un agravio esta especulación con su sexualidad. William Branon, vicepresidente y exagente de la Fundación J. Edgar Hoover envió una carta a Eastwood en la que expresaba su disconformidad con que "se retratara una relación homosexual entre el Sr. Hoover y su lugarteniente Tolson", añadiendo que "no hay base real para esta caracterización, sería una grave injusticia y una tergiversación monumental". Los historiadores que han estudiado durante años su vida privada están divididos ante la posibilidad de una relación sentimental entre Hoover y Tolson.

Recepción

Respuesta crítica
Según la página de Internet Rotten Tomatoes obtuvo un 41% de comentarios positivos, llegando a la siguiente conclusión: "Leonardo DiCaprio realiza una previsible gran interpretación, pero J. Edgar tropieza en todos los demás departamentos, con un maquillaje cursi, una pobre iluminación y con una narración confusa y monótona". Peter Travers escribió para Rolling Stone que "a pesar de estar sepultado bajo capas de látex, DiCaprio es una rugiente maravilla como J.Edgar Hoover. Incluso aunque la película falla en sus grandes ambiciones, no te la puedes quitar de la cabeza". Owen Gleiberman señaló que "Eastwood renuncia a su ritmo parsimonioso por algo más rápido y conversacional, convirtiendo a J.Edgar en un ensayo dramático sobre cómo se fusionaron la ley y la represión, el heroísmo y la corrupción, en la persona de Hoover". Según la página de Internet Metacritic obtuvo críticas mixtas, con un 59%, basado en 41 comentarios de los cuales 24 son positivos.

Premios
Globos de Oro

Premios del Sindicato de Actores

Fue candidata en el National Board of Review como «mejor película». Fue candidata en la Broadcast Film Critics Association en dos categorías, «mejor actor» (DiCaprio) y «mejor maquillaje».

Taquilla
Estrenada de forma limitada el miércoles 9 de noviembre en 7 cines estadounidenses debutó en decimosexta posición con 52.645 dólares. El viernes 11 de noviembre se expandió su exhibición hasta los 1.910 cines debutando en quinta posición con 11 millones de dólares, con una media por sala de 5.873 dólares, por delante de A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas y por detrás de Tower Heist. Recaudó en Estados Unidos 37 millones. Sumando las recaudaciones internacionales la cifra asciende a 79 millones. El presupuesto estimado invertido en la producción fue de 35 millones. En la siguiente tabla se muestran los diez primeros países donde mayores cifras obtuvo:

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Tráiler (en inglés)

 Sitio oficial (en inglés)

Películas dramáticas de Estados Unidos
Películas dramáticas de los años 2010
Películas biográficas
Películas con temática LGBT de Estados Unidos
Películas de espionaje
Películas ambientadas en los años 1910
Películas ambientadas en los años 1920
Películas ambientadas en los años 1930
Películas ambientadas en los años 1940
Películas ambientadas en los años 1950
Películas ambientadas en los años 1960
Películas ambientadas en los años 1970
FBI
Películas rodadas en Los Ángeles
Películas de Warner Bros.
Películas con música de Clint Eastwood

J. Edgar


Ludovico Giamagna, OP (1594–1634) foi um prelado católico romano que serviu como bispo de Ston (1632–1634).

Biografia
Ludovico Giamagna nasceu em Ragusa e foi ordenado sacerdote na Ordem dos Pregadores. No dia 24 de novembro de 1632, foi nomeado pelo Papa Urbano VIII como Bispo de Ston. Serviu como Bispo de Ston até à sua morte em julho de 1634.

Bispos nomeados pelo Papa Urbano VIII
Mortos em 1634
Nascidos em 1594
Bispos do século XVII

Ludovico Giamagna


Yosuke Tashiro (født 27. juni 1995) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Vissel Kobe og Thespakusatsu Gunma.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yosuke Tashiro


لاس فيغاس  مسلسل تلفزيوني أمريكي كوميدي جرائمي عرض على قناة هيئة الإذاعة الوطنية من 22 سبتمبر 2003 إلى 15 فبراير 2008 حيث تم تصوير 5 أجزاء بواقع 106 حلقة.

القصة
تدور أحداث المسلسل حول فريق عمل كازينو الغرير في لاس فيغاس بولاية نيفادا. يقود فريق العمل عميل وكالة المخابرات المركزية السابق (ايد ديلاين) الذي يتابع مجريات العمل في الكازينو ويعمل معه (داني مكوي) الجندي السابقة و(مايك كانون) خريج معهد ماساتشوستس للتقنية ومديرة الكازينو ماري كونيل ومديرة المطعم ديليندا ديلاين وهي أيضا ابنة ايد.

الشخصيات

روابط خارجية

مراجع

برامج تلفزيونية باللغة الإنجليزية
برامج تلفزيونية مصورة في وادي لاس فيغاس
برامج شبكة هيئة الإذاعة الوطنية
عروض تلفزيونية تقع أحداثها في لاس فيغاس (نيفادا)
عروض تلفزيونية صورت في كاليفورنيا
فنادق خيالية
مسلسلات أمريكية انتهت في 2008
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية بدأ عرضها في 2003
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كوميدية درامية أمريكية في عقد 2000
مسلسلات تلفزيونية من إنتاج تلفزيون يونيفرسال
مسلسلات دريم ووركس
مسلسلات قمار
القمار في الخيال
عروض تلفزيونية تقع أحداثها في كازينوهات

لاس فيغاس (مسلسل)


La Constitución federal de la Confederación Suiza del 18 de abril de 1999 (en alemán: Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft, en francés: Constitution fédérale de la Confédération suisse, en italiano: Costituzione federale della Confederazione Svizzera y en romanche: Constituziun federala da la Confederaziun Svizra) es la tercera y actual carta fundamental de Suiza adoptada vía voto popular del 18 de abril de 1999 y vigente desde el 1 de enero del año 2000. Vino a reemplazar a la antigua constitución de 1874, que ya había sido actualizada sin mayores reformas sustanciales.

El documento establece que la «Confederación Suiza» es una república federal de 26 cantones, contiene un catálogo de derechos individuales y populares (incluyendo el derecho a llamar a un referéndum popular sobre las leyes federales y enmiendas constitucionales), delínea las responsabilidades de los cantones y la confederación y establece las autoridades federales y de gobierno.

Posición en la jerarquía jurídica

La Constitución Federal se encuentra en el escalafón más alto del sistema jurídico suizo, seguidos por las ordenanzas y decretos del Gobierno Federal y las constituciones, leyes, reglamentos y decretos de los cantones y municipios subordinados, siempre que no sean contrarios a la carta magna.

Una excepción a esta regla se encuentra en las leyes federales ——, donde no es observable una jurisdicción constitucional. Esta regla especial es una expresión del mayor peso del principio de la democracia contra el imperio de la ley.

Estructura y contenido

La Constitución comienza con un preámbulo que hace referencia a Dios: «En el nombre de Dios Todopoderoso!» ——. El texto actual de la Constitución se divide en seis títulos:
El Título I, contiene las disposiciones generales, como el objetivo del Estado (artículo 2), la posición de los cantones (artículo 3), los idiomas nacionales (artículo 4) y los principios del Estado de Derecho (artículo 5).
El Título II, establece los derechos fundamentales (artículos 7 a 36), los derechos civiles (artículos 37-40) y los derechos sociales (artículo 41).
El Título III, lleva bajo título «Confederación, cantones y municipios» y en los artículos 43-135 regula en detalle el reparto de competencias entre los tres niveles de gobierno.
El Título IV, regula los derechos políticos del pueblo y de los cantones en los artículo 136-142, especialmente los concernientes a democracia directa y derechos políticos de las personas (iniciativa y referéndum).
El Título V, se dedica a las autoridades federales y describe la organización y atribuciones de la Asamblea Federal (Poder legislativo en los artículos 143 a 173), el Consejo Federal y la Administración Federal (Poder ejecutivo en los artículos 174-187) y la Corte Federal y otras autoridades judiciales (Poder judicial en los artículos 188-191 y 191a-c).
El título VI, incluye aspectos asociados a la revisión de la Constitución y potenciales reformas (artículos 192-195), además de incluir disposiciones transitorias (artículos 196 y 197).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Textos autorizados: Alemán , Francés  y Italiano .
 Texto no autorizados de la Constitución Federal Suiza:  y Romanche

Constituciones de Suiza

Constitución Federal de Suiza de 1999


Macmillan Publishers (auch Macmillan and Company) ist ein 1843 in London gegründeter Verlag. Wie der ehemals selbständige gleichnamige US-Verlag gehört er heute zur Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck.

Die Gründer waren 1843 die Brüder Daniel Macmillan, der den kaufmännischen Bereich verantwortete, und Alexander Macmillan (1818–1896), der das literarische Programm betreute. Beide kamen aus Schottland (Daniel von der Insel Arran) und waren zunächst Buchhändler in London, veröffentlichten aber schon ab 1844 Bücher mit pädagogischem Inhalt. Sie hatten zunächst noch einen Kompagnon, fungierten aber nach dessen Ausscheiden ab 1850 unter Macmillan and Company. Im 19. Jahrhundert veröffentlichten sie Werke unter anderem von Charles Kingsley, Thomas Hughes, Francis Turner Palgrave, Christina Rossetti, Matthew Arnold, Lewis Carroll, Alfred Tennyson, Thomas Hardy und Rudyard Kipling. Ende des Jahrhunderts waren sie einer der bedeutendsten Verlage in Großbritannien. Später kamen als Autoren unter anderem noch Rabindranath Tagore, John Maynard Keynes, Margaret Mitchell und C. P. Snow dazu.

Darüber hinaus veröffentlichten sie das Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians und die Zeitschrift Nature.

Ab 1869 verfügte der Verlag zudem über eine Zweigstelle in New York City, die 1896 an die Familie Brett verkauft wurde – George Edward Brett war ein Handelsvertreter für Macmillan, der für die Firma die Zweigstelle in den USA aufgebaut hatte – und die danach als Macmillan Publishers (auch Macmillan Company) selbstständig wurde. Die Besitzer der beiden Verlage blieben aber miteinander befreundet. Als sie 1954 wieder im US-Markt aktiv wurden, benutzten sie den Namen St. Martin's Press. Die US-Gruppe Macmillan wurde von Robert Maxwell erworben und 1994 an die Verlagsgruppe Simon & Schuster verkauft, die den Namen 1998 an die Mediengruppe Pearson weiterverkaufte. Von diesen erwarb Holtzbrinck im Jahr 2001 den Namen und bündelte darunter seine US-Aktivitäten. Darunter waren auch Macmillan Education, das im Jahr 2015 mit anderen Verlagsteilen von Holtzbrinck in Springer Nature eingebracht wurde.

1995 übernahm die Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck mit 70 Prozent die Mehrheit und 1999 den Rest. 2015 wurde Macmillan Science and Education mit Springer Science+Business Media unter dem Dach von Springer Nature zusammengefasst, die im Besitz von Holtzbrinck und der Londoner Investmentfirma BC Partners sind.

Trivia
Aus dem Familienunternehmen stammte der Premierminister Harold Macmillan. Er war 1920 bis 1930 Juniorpartner und während seiner Oppositionszeit 1945 bis 1951 sowie nach seinem Ruhestand 1965 bis zu seinem Tod 1986 (als Chairman) im Verlag tätig.

Weblinks
 About Macmillan, US-Seite von Macmillan
 Macmillan, Encyclopedia Britannica 1911

Verlag (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Buchverlag (Vereinigtes Königreich)

Gegründet 1843
Springer Nature

Macmillan Publishers


An Masdevallia setacea in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer ngan Malo. An Masdevallia setacea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Masdevallia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Masdevallia

Masdevallia setacea


Fritz Heckert, né le  à Chemnitz et mort le  à Moscou, est un homme politique allemand, membre du Bureau politique du Parti communiste d'Allemagne, délégué au Comité exécutif de l'Internationale communiste, responsable des questions syndicales. En 1923, il est ministre de l'Économie de Saxe, pendant une brève période, et député au Reichstag de 1924 à 1933.

Biographie
Fils d'un coutelier, Fritz Heckert apprend le métier de maçon. En 1902, il se syndicalise et adhère au Parti social-démocrate d'Allemagne (SPD).

Pendant son tour d'Allemagne du compagnonnage, il passe en janvier 1907 à Berlin puis à Brême où il rencontre Wilhelm Pieck et Johann Knief. Il se joint à l'aile gauche du SPD. De 1908 à 1911, il travaille en Suisse et fait la connaissance de sa future femme, Wilma Stammberg, une Lettone membre du Parti ouvrier social-démocrate de Russie.

De retour à Chemnitz au début de 1912, il devient responsable du syndicat du bâtiment. Il cofonde en 1916 un groupe spartakiste à Chemnitz, lequel, avec ses 400 membres, est le plus important d'Allemagne. Entré au Parti social-démocrate indépendant d'Allemagne (USPD) en 1917, Fritz Heckert codirige le parti avec Heinrich Brandler à Chemnitz.

En novembre 1918, Hecker devient président du Conseil des ouvriers et des soldats à Chemnitz. Il est l'un des délégués présents au congrès fondateur du Parti communiste d'Allemagne (KPD) le . En 1919, il est élu à la direction (Zentrale) du KPD, puis membre du Comité central. Il est responsable des questions syndicales avec Jacob Walcher.

Heckert est pendant quelque temps le représentant du KPD à l'Internationale syndicale rouge (ISR) à Moscou.

En octobre 1923, il est ministre de l'Économie dans le gouvernement ouvrier qui s'est constitué en Saxe, rapidement destitué par le président du Reich au moyen de l'armée.

En mai 1924, Heckert est élu député du KPD au Reichstag et exerce ce mandat sans interruption jusqu'en 1933. Il est arrêté en octobre 1924 et libéré en juillet 1925, par décision du Reichstag. De 1925 à sa mort, il est membre du Bureau politique du KPD. Il dirige le département syndical du Comité central jusqu'en avril 1928, après quoi il est envoyé à l'Internationale syndicale rouge (ISR) à Moscou. En 1928, il est élu au Présidium du Comité exécutif de l'IC. En janvier 1935, il devient secrétaire de l'ISR.

Atteint d'une affection cardiaque dès l'automne 1935, Fritz Heckert meurt le . Il est inhumé à côté de Clara Zetkin au pied du mur du Kremlin.

Publications
 Die deutschen Gewerkschaften und der Kampf um die Einheit, 1925.
 Revolutionäre Gewerkschaftsbewegung in Europa, 1931.
 Aufsätze und Reden, 1960.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Communiste allemand
Syndicaliste allemand
Personnalité du Parti social-démocrate d'Allemagne
Personnalité du Parti social-démocrate indépendant d'Allemagne
Président du Parti communiste d'Allemagne
Personnalité de la république de Weimar
Personnalité inhumée dans la nécropole du mur du Kremlin
Maçon
Naissance en mars 1884
Naissance à Chemnitz
Naissance dans le royaume de Saxe
Décès en avril 1936
Décès à Moscou
Décès à 52 ans

Fritz Heckert


Aurora est un film chilien réalisé par Rodrigo Sepúlveda, sorti en 2014.

Synopsis
Sofía, une enseignante adopte un bébé trouvé dans une décharge publique. Mais le bébé meurt et comme il n'a pas légalement d'identité, Sofía décide d'aller devant le juge pour que l'enfant ait une tombe.

Le scénario est inspiré d'une histoire vraie

Fiche technique
 Titre : Aurora
 Réalisation : Rodrigo Sepúlveda
 Scénario : Rodrigo Sepúlveda
 Musique : Carlos Cabezas
 Photographie : Enrique Stindt
 Montage : Andrea Chignoli et José Luis Torres Leiva
 Production : Florencia Larrea et Rodrigo Sepúlveda
 Société de production : Caco Films et Forastero
 Société de distribution : Zootrope Films (France)
 Pays :
 Genre : Drame
 Durée : 83 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :
 :

Distribution
 Amparo Noguera : Sofía Olivari
 Luis Gnecco : Pedro
 Jaime Vadell : Juez Águila
 Francisco Pérez-Bannen : Dr. Schultz
 Patricia Rivadeneira : Berta
 María José Siebald : Carla
 Carolina Jullian : Claudia

Accueil
Pour Thomas Sotinel du Monde, « le film dépend trop de son personnage pour se déployer vraiment ». Mathilde Blottière pour Télérama estime que le film « frappe par sa pudeur et sa sobriété ».

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film chilien sorti en 2014
Film dramatique chilien
Film chilien inspiré de faits réels

Aurora (film, 2014)


Néssonas, en , ou Nésson, en , est un ancien dème du district régional de Larissa, en Thessalie, Grèce. Depuis 2010, il est fusionné au sein du dème de Tempé.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Dème en Thessalie
Ancien dème en Grèce

Néssonas (Larissa)


Das Labor des Grauens – The Freakmaker (Originaltitel auch The Mutations) ist ein britischer Horrorfilm aus dem Jahr 1974. Unter der Regie von Jack Cardiff spielen neben Donald Pleasence, Tom Baker, Julie Ege und Brad Harris auch tatsächliche Mitglieder einer Sideshow. Die deutschsprachige Erstaufführung erfolgte 1988 auf Video.

Handlung
Der Biologe Dr. Nolter ist am College Pflanzenspezialist und widmet sich hingebungsvoll Forschungen, bei denen er einigen seiner Studenten Operationen unterzieht, um Kreuzungen der DNA zwischen pflanzlichem und menschlichem Leben zu erzeugen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Handelns übergibt er Mr. Lynch, dem missgestalteten Leiter der Freakshow im nahegelegenen Vergnügungspark, der ihm auch beim "Überreden" der betroffenen Personen hilft, da er auf Heilung durch den Professor hofft.

Als der Amerikaner Redford eintrifft, fällt bald aus einer Studierendengruppe, die sich seiner annimmt und auch die Freakshow besucht hat, Tony dem Professor zum Opfer. Lynch versucht, nachdem ihn die Freaks seiner Show unter Leitung ihres Ansagers Mr. Burns als einen der ihren ansehen, sich als normaler Mensch zu beweisen und besucht eine Prostituierte. Die Nachforschungen Redfords führen zur Aufdeckung der Vorgänge, während sich Hedi des mutierten Tonys erwehren muss.

Kritik
Das Lexikon des internationalen Films sah einen "niveauarme(n) Gruselfilm ohne jeden Anflug von Logik, der ein altes Thema mit verstaubten Horror-Klischees ausstattet und in den Jahrmarktszenen mißgebildete Menschen als Objekte eines menschenverachtenden Voyeurismus ausstellt."

"Obwohl der Film so schlecht ist, dass er unfreiwillig komisch wird, wohnt ihm auch eine bestimmte Grausamkeit inne", bemerkt TVGuide.

Bemerkungen
Der 1973 gedrehte Film ist vom Klassiker Freaks aus dem Jahr 1932 deutlich inspiriert. Eine Szene, in der die Freaks des Filmes zusammen feiern und den Leiter der Show als "einen von uns" bezeichnen, ist direkt übernommen.

Sich selbst spielen folgende Sideshow-Mitglieder: Die Kleinwüchsigen Tony Mayne, Molly Tweedlie und Kathy Kitchen, Lesley Roose (eine an Magersucht leidende "Skinny Lady"), Fay Bura (eine Frau mit Bart), O.T. (ein "menschliches Nadelkissen"), Madge Garnett (eine "Affenfrau"), Willie Ingram (der seine Augäpfel unnatürlich weit hervorstülpen kann) und die verwachsenen Hugh Bally und Félix Duarte. Die "Alligatorfrau" Esther Blackmon (1926–2003) litt an Ichthyose. Michael Dunn, ebenfalls kleinwüchsig, war ein bekannter Schauspieler. Er starb kurz nach Beendigung der Dreharbeiten.

Der Jahrmarkt des Films steht im Battersea Park.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1974
Britischer Film
Science-Fiction-Film
Horrorfilm
Jack Cardiff

Das Labor des Grauens – The Freakmaker


A seguir apresenta-se a lista de episódios de A Lista, (estilizada como α_listα), uma série de televisão via streaming de origem portuguesa que apresenta o dia-a-dia de um grupo de amigos que não se conheciam entre si até à morte de uma amiga que todos têm em comum que após a sua morte são adicionados a uma estranha lista, e juntos abrem o frasco de origamis para cumprir os sonhos dela, entre os quais há pedidos bizarros e ilegais. A série contém 75 episódios.

Escrita por Raquel Palermo com a colaboração de Beatriz Ryder, Joana Ligeiro Oliveira, Joana Lacerda Matos, Sofia Bairrão e Sónia Pedro, conta com a coordenação de projeto de Carlos Dante, que também faz a realização da série ao lado de Luis Pamplona, além da direção de produção de Alexandre Hachmeister.

A Lista explora conceitos e temas associados aos dramas da adolescência, mas também apresenta questões mais progressistas e outros aspectos de seus clichês. Estruturalmente, a série emprega um enredo que envolve um elemento misterioso, ocorrendo em duas linhas do tempo (antes e depois da morte de Patrícia). A primeira temporada é composta por dez episódios e foi lançada a 24 de setembro de 2021.

A 30 de novembro de 2021, foi revelado que a série teria uma segunda temporada com 10 episódios, estreando a 3 de dezembro do mesmo ano, com os primeiros cinco episódios da temporada a serem lançados semanalmente. Poucos dias antes da estreia do 6º episódio, a 2 de janeiro de 2022, ocorreu um ataque informático aos sites do grupo Impresa que deixou inacessível temporariamente a OPTO, a plataforma de streaming que transmite a série, o que causou o adiamento de três dos cinco restantes episódios da temporada para 22 de janeiro, tendo os dois restantes episódios sido emitidos na data prevista.

A 2 de fevereiro de 2022 foi revelado que a série teria uma terceira temporada com 10 episódios que estreou ainda no mesmo mês, no dia 11.

A 3 de abril de 2022 foi revelado que a série teria uma quarta temporada composta por 10 episódios que estreou ainda no mesmo mês, no dia 22, e ao contrário das temporadas anteriores, os primeiros quatro episódios foram lançados no mesmo dia.

A 1 de junho de 2022 foi revelado que a série teria uma quinta temporada composta por 10 episódios, estreando ainda no mesmo mês, no dia 10.

A 5 de agosto de 2022 foi revelado que a série teria uma sexta temporada composta por 10 episódios, estreando ainda no mesmo mês, no dia 19.

A 13 de outubro de 2022, foi inicialmente revelado que a série teria uma sétima temporada (que seria a última) composta por 15 episódios, com mais 5 episódios que as anteriores temporadas, estreando ainda no mesmo mês, no dia 21. Porém, devido à estreia da segunda temporada de Praxx, foi revelado a 9 de janeiro de 2023 que os últimos 5 episódios foram adiados para 2023 e que seriam transformados numa oitava (e última) temporada, estreando a 17 de fevereiro de 2023. O último episódio foi lançado ainda no mesmo ano, a 17 de março.

Resumo

Episódios

1.ª temporada (2021)

2.ª temporada (2021-22)

3.ª temporada (2022)

4.ª temporada (2022)

5.ª temporada (2022)

6.ª temporada (2022)

7.ª temporada (2022)

8.ª temporada (2023)

Séries da OPTO
Programas da OPTO
A Lista

Lista de episódios de A Lista


Harold Loeffelmacher (March 14, 1905 – January 30, 1987) was an American musician and bandleader best known for forming the polka band known as the Six Fat Dutchmen. The band, based in New Ulm, Minnesota, traveled extensively and played as many as 335 dates per year, mostly in the Midwestern United States. Over a span of 14 years the Six Fat Dutchmen recorded 800 polkas, waltzes and schottisches on the RCA Victor label, and for ten years they were signed by Dot Records.  Loeffelmacher was inducted into the International Polka Association's Hall of Fame in 1975.

Biography
Loeffelmacher was born in 1905 on a Minnesota farm near Fort Ridgely.  After his family moved to New Ulm, he took violin lessons, then moved to wind instruments, including the tuba. Later he took up the trombone, which became his primary band instrument.

In 1932, he started "Six Fat Dutchmen,"  which grew from the initial six to over a dozen musicians.  They played the Nebraska State Fair for 26 straight years.

During Loeffelmacher's long career of touring from show to show, it is claimed that he eventually wore out seven buses while accumulating as much as 90,000 miles of road travel annually. In winter while the other band members would break from their hectic schedules and take well-deserved vacations,  Loeffelmacher would often continue to perform solo on the bass horn, but his true instrument was the trombone.  He performed a dozen times on the long-running nationally televised TV series, The Lawrence Welk Show.

Loeffelmacher died in 1988 at Sioux Valley Hospital in New Ulm, Minnesota.

In 1990, three years after his death, Harold Loeffelmacher and his Six Fat Dutchmen were inducted into the Minnesota Music Hall of Fame. His son Harold and daughter-in-law Virginia accepted the award on his behalf.  His family currently resides near St. Paul/Minneapolis, Minnesota.

In 2006, 74 years after the band's founding, a compilation CD of the Six Fat Dutchmen's original recordings was produced.

References

 Harold Loeffelmacher biography – International Polka Association

External links
Minnesota Music Hall of Fame

1905 births
People from New Ulm, Minnesota
Polka musicians
American people of German descent
German-American history
Musicians from Minnesota
1987 deaths
20th-century American musicians

Harold Loeffelmacher


Ey Reqîb (Kürtçe:ئەی ره‌قیب/ Ey Reqîb; kelime anlamı: "Ey Düşman"), Kürdistan Bölgesel Yönetimi ve Kuzey ve Doğu Suriye Özerk Yönetimi'nin ulusal marşı. Şair, Bağdat zindanlarında gardiyana seslenmiştir.

Şiir, 1938'de Koysancaklı Kürt şair Dildar (Yunus Rauf) tarafından Kürtçe'nin Sorani lehçesi yazılmış ve 1946'da Mahabad Cumhuriyeti döneminde bestelenmiştir.

Geçmiş
Kürt şair ve siyasi aktivist Dildar tarafından 1938'de hapisteyken yazılmıştır. "Ey Reqîb", "Ey Düşman!" demektir. Dildar'ın tutulduğu ve işkence gördüğü cezaevindeki gardiyanların yanı sıra Kürtlere yönelik yapılan baskılara atıfta bulunuyor. Şiir 1946'da, Kürt cumhuriyeti olan ve varlığı bir yıl süren Mahabad Kürdistan Cumhuriyeti'nin milli marşı olarak kabul edildi. Ey Reqîb şu anda Kürdistan Bölgesel Yönetimi'nin ve Kuzey ve Doğu Suriye Özerk Yönetimi'nin ulusal marşı olarak okunmaktadır.

Sözleri

Kürtçe Sorani lehçesinden düzenlenmiş Arap alfabesi ile sözleri
ئەی رەقیب!

ئەی رەقیب ھەر ماوە قەومی کورد زمان
نایشکێنێ دانەریی تۆپی زەمان
کەس نەڵێ کورد مردووە، کورد زیندووە
زیندووە قەت نانەوێ ئاڵا‌کەمان

ئێمە ڕۆڵەی ڕەنگی سوور و شۆڕشین
سەیری کە خوێناوییە ڕابردوومان
کەس نەڵێ کورد مردووە، کورد زیندووە
زیندووە قەت نانەوێ ئاڵا‌کەمان

لاوی کورد ھەستایە سەر پێ وەک دلێر
تا بە خوێن نەخشی بکا تاجی ژیان
کەس نەڵێ کورد مردووە، کورد زیندووە
زیندووە قەت نانەوێ ئاڵا‌کەمان

ئێمە رۆڵەی میدیا و کەیخوسرەوین
دینمان، ئایینمان ھەر نیشتمان
کەس نەڵێ کورد مردووە، کورد زیندووە
زیندووە قەت نانەوێ ئاڵا‌کەمان

لاوی کورد ھەر حازر و ئامادەیە
گیان فیدایە، گیان فیدا، ھەر گیان فیدا
کەس نەڵێ کورد مردووە، کورد زیندووە
زیندووە قەت نانەوێ ئاڵا‌کەمان

Kürtçe Sorani lehçesinde sözleri
Ey Reqîb!

Ey reqîb her mawe qewmî kurd ziman
Nayşikênê danerî topî zeman
Kes nellê Kurd mirduwe, Kurd zînduwe
Zînduwe qet nanewê allakeman

Ême rolley rengî sûr u şorrişîn
Seyrî ke xwênawiye rabirdûman
Kes nellê Kurd mirduwe, Kurd zînduwe
Zînduwe qet nanewê allakeman

Lawî Kurd hestaye ser pê wek dilêr
Ta be xwên nexşî deka tacî jiyan
Kes nellê Kurd mirduwe, Kurd zînduwe
Zînduwe qet nanewê allakeman

Ême rolley Mîdya u Keyxusrewîn
Dînman, ayînman her niştiman
Kes nellê Kurd mirduwe, Kurd zînduwe
Zînduwe qet nanewê allakeman

Lawî Kurdî her hazir u amadeye
Gyan fîdaye, gyan fîda, her gyanfîda
Kes nellê Kurd mirduwe, Kurd zînduwe
Zînduwe qet nanewê allakeman

Kürtçe Kurmanci lehçesinde sözleri
Ey Reqîb!

Ey reqîb her maye qewmê kurd ziman
Naşikê û danayê bi topê zeman.
Kes nebê kurd dimirin, kurd jîn dibin.
Jîn dibin qet nakevê ala kurdan.

Em xortên rengê sor û şoreşin
Seyr bike xwîna dîyan me da rijand.
Kes nebê Kurd dimirin, Kurd jîn dibin.
Jîn dibin qet nakevê ala Kurdan.

Em xortên Medya û Keyxusrewin
Dîn îman û ayîman, her niştîman.
Dîn îman û ayîman, Kurd û Kurdistan.
Kes nebê Kurd dimirin, Kurd jîn dibin.
Jîn dibin qet nakevê ala Kurdan.

Lawê Kurd rabûye ser pê wek şêran
Ta bixwîn nexşîn bike tacî jiyan.
Kes nebê Kurd dimirin, Kurd jîn dibin.
Jîn dibin qet nakevê ala Kurdan.

Xortên nûh tev hazir û amade ne
Can fîda ne can fîda, her can fîda.
Kes nebê Kurd dimirin, Kurd jîn dibin.
Jîn dibin qet nakevê ala Kurdan.

Zazaca sözleri
Ey Reqîb!

Ey reqîb her mendo qewmê Kurdziwanî
Nêşikîno, nêkuwno bi topa zemanî
Kes mevajo Kurd mireno, Kurd cuyîno
Cuyîno, qet nêna war beyraqa ma

Ma domanê rengê sûr û şoreş îme
Temaşeke, gonin o ravêrdeyê ma
Kes mevajo Kurd mireno, Kurd cuyîno
Cuyîno, qet nêna war beyraqa ma

Lajê kurdî vaşto ra payan fênda çêran
Ta bi gonî bineqişne tacê cuyane
Kes mevajo kurd mireno, Kurd cuyîno
Cuyîno, qet nêna war beyraqa ma

Ma domanê Medya û Keyxusrew îme
Dîn îman, ayînê ma her welat o
Kes mevajo Kurd mireno, Kurd cuyîno
Cuyîno, qet nêna war beyraqa ma

Lajê Kurdî her hazir û amade yo
Canfeda yo canfeda, her canfeda
Kes mevajo Kurd mireno, Kurd cuyîno
Cuyîno, qet nêna war beyraqa ma

Türkçe sözleri
Ey Reqib

Dinle düşman, Kürt halkı hâlâ yaşıyor,
Top ateşinde ve felaketlerden hiç yılmayacak.
Kimse demesin Kürt ölüdür, Kürt diridir
Diridir hiç inmez Kürt bayrağı

Devrim çocuklarıyız, kızıl renkle kuşandık.
Korkmuyor musun ey düşman, kanlı geçmişimizden!
Kimse demesin Kürt ölüdür, Kürt diridir
Diridir hiç inmez Kürt bayrağı

Biz ki Medler'in, Keyhüsrevler'in torunlarıyız.
Kürdistan'dır daima inancımız ve yaşamımız,
Kimse demesin Kürt ölüdür, Kürt diridir
Diridir hiç inmez Kürt bayrağı

Kürt gençi aslan gibi Sarsılmaz cesaretiyle,
Hayat tacını kanıyla işliyor
Kimse demesin Kürt ölüdür, Kürt diridir
Diridir hiç inmez Kürt bayrağı

Kürt gençliği hazır ve amadedir
Cenfedadır canfedadır canfeda
Kimse demesin Kürt ölüdür, Kürt diridir
Diridir hiç inmez Kürt bayrağı

Kaynakça

Kürdistan Bölgesel Yönetimi'nde kültür
Kürt edebiyatı
Ulusal marşlar
Kürtçe şarkılar

Ey Reqîb


Hazing (American English), initiation, beasting (British English), bastardisation (Australian English), ragging (South Asian English) or deposition refers to any activity expected of someone in joining or participating in a group that humiliates, degrades, abuses, or endangers them regardless of a person's willingness to participate.

Hazing is seen in many different types of social groups, including gangs, sports teams, schools, cliques, universities, military units, prisons, fraternities and sororities, and even workplaces in some cases. The initiation rites can range from relatively benign pranks to protracted patterns of behavior that rise to the level of abuse or criminal misconduct. Hazing is often prohibited by law or institutions such as colleges and universities because it may include either physical or psychological abuse, such as humiliation, nudity, or sexual abuse.

Terms

In some languages, terms with a religious theme or etymology are preferred, such as baptism or purgatory (e.g.  in Belgian French,  in Belgian Dutch,  in Polish) or variations on a theme of naïveté and the rite of passage such as a derivation from a term for freshman, for example  in European French,  ('de-green[horn]ing') in Dutch and Afrikaans (South Africa and Namibia),  in Spanish, from , meaning newcomer or rookie or a combination of both, such as in the Finnish  (literally 'moped baptism'). In Latvian, the word , which literally means 'in-blessings', is used, also standing for religious rites of passage, especially confirmation. In Swedish, the term used is , literally 'zeroing', as the freshmen hazees still are 'zeroes' before attending their first year. In Portugal, the term , which literally means 'practice' or 'habit', is used for initiation. In the Italian military, instead, the term used was , from  (literally 'grandfather'), a jargon term used for the soldiers who had already served for most of their draft period. A similar equivalent term exists in the Russian military, where a hazing phenomenon known as  () exists, meaning roughly 'grandfather' or the slang term 'gramps' (referring to the senior corps of soldiers in their final year of conscription). At education establishments in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, this practice involves existing students baiting new students and is called ragging. In Polish schools, hazing is known as  (literally 'catting', coming from the noun  cat). It often features cat-related activities, like competitive milk-drinking . Other popular tasks include measuring a long distance (i.e. hallways) with matches. Less loaded names for hazing are  (related to the verb  'get over, rally' but also 'shake off/out'—as being a novice is a negative state that should be quit) and  mentioned above.

Hazings are sometimes concentrated in a single session, which may be called a hell night, prolonged to a hell week, or over a long period, resembling fagging.

Methods

One way of initiating a new member into a street gang is for multiple other members of the gang to assault the new member with a beating.

Hazing activities can involve forms of ridicule and humiliation within the group or in public, while other hazing incidents are akin to pranks. A snipe hunt is such a prank, when a newcomer or credulous person is given an impossible task. Examples of snipe hunts include being sent to find a tin of Tartan paint, or a "dough repair kit" in a bakery, while in the early 1900s rookies in the Canadian military were ordered to obtain a "brass magnet" when brass is not magnetic.

Spanking is done mainly in the form of paddling among fraternities, sororities and similar clubs. This practice is also used in the military.

The hazee may be humiliated by being hosed or by sprinkler or buckets; covered with dirt or with (sometimes rotten) food, even urinated upon. Olive or baby oil may be used to "show off" the bare skin, for wrestling or just slipperiness, e.g., to complicate pole climbing. Cleaning may be limited to a dive into water, hosing down or even paddling the worst off. They may have to do tedious cleaning including swabbing the decks or cleaning the toilets with a toothbrush. In fraternities, pledges often must clean up a mess intentionally made by brothers which can include fecal matter, urine, and dead animals.

Servitude such as waiting on others (as at fraternity parties) or various other forms of housework may be involved, often with tests of obedience. In some cases, the hazee may be made to eat raw eggs, peppers, hot sauce, or drink too much alcohol. Some hazing even includes eating or drinking vile things such as bugs or rotting food.

The hazee may have to wear an imposed piece of clothing, outfit, item or something else worn by the victim in a way that would bring negative attention to the wearer. Examples include a uniform (e.g. toga); a leash or collar (also associated with bondage); infantile and other humiliating dress and attire.

Markings may also be made on clothing or bare skin. They are painted, written, tattooed or shaved on, sometimes collectively forming a message (one letter, syllable or word on each pledge) or may receive tarring and feathering (or rather a mock version using some glue) or branding.

Submission to senior members of the group is common. Abject "etiquette" required of pledges or subordinates may include prostration, kneeling, literal groveling, and kissing body parts.

Other physical feats may be required, such as calisthenics and other physical tests, such as mud wrestling, forming a human pyramid, or climbing a greased pole. Exposure to the elements may be required, such as swimming or diving in cold water or snow.

Orientation tests may be held, such as abandoning pledges without transport. Dares include jumping from some height, stealing from police or rival teams and obedience. Blood pinning among military aviators (and many other elite groups) to celebrate becoming new pilots is done by piercing their chests with the sharp pins of aviator wings.

On a pilot's first solo flight, they are often drenched with water, as well as having the back of their shirt cut off to celebrate the achievement. Cutting off the back of the shirt originates from the days of tandem trainers, where the instructor sat behind the student and tugged on the back of their shirt in order to get their attention. Cutting off the back of the shirt symbolizes that the instructor has no need to do that anymore.

On their first crossing the equator in military and commercial navigation, each "pollywog" is subjected to a series of tests usually including running or crawling a gauntlet of abuse and various scenes supposedly situated at King Neptune's court. A pledge auction is a variation on the slave auction, where people bid on the paraded pledges.

Hazing also occurs for apprentices in some trades. In printing, it consists of applying bronze blue to the apprentice's penis and testicles, a color made by mixing black printers ink and dark blue printers ink, which takes a long time to wash off. Similarly, mechanics get their groins smeared with old dirty grease.

Psychology, sociology, purpose and effects
Hazing serves a deliberate purpose of building solidarity. Psychologist Robert Cialdini uses the framework of consistency and commitment to explain the phenomenon of hazing and the vigor and zeal to which practitioners of hazing persist in and defend these activities even when they are made illegal. Cialdini cites a 1959 study in which the researchers observed that "persons who go through a great deal of trouble or pain to attain something tend to value it more highly than persons who attain the same thing with a minimum of effort". The 1959 study shaped the development of cognitive dissonance theory by Leon Festinger.

There are several psychological effects that both the hazer and hazee endure throughout the hazing process. In an article published by Raalte, Cornelius, Linder, and Brewer, the researchers used sports teams as the subject of their study. The authors suggest that hazing can result in some positive outcomes. During the hazing process, a bond between the two parties (the hazer and the hazee) grew. Many people view hazing as an effective way to teach respect and develop discipline and loyalty within the group, and believe that hazing is a necessary component of initiation rites. Hazing can be used as a way to engender conformity within a social group, something that can be seen in many sociological studies. Moreover, initiation rituals when managed effectively can serve to build team cohesion and improve team performance, while negative and detrimental forms of hazing alienate and disparage individuals.

Dissonance can produce feelings of group attraction or social identity among initiates after the hazing experience because they want to justify the effort used. Rewards during initiations or hazing rituals matter in that initiates who feel more rewarded express stronger group identity. As well as increasing group attraction, hazing can produce conformity among new members. Hazing could also increase feelings of affiliation because of the stressful nature of the hazing experience. Also, hazing has a hard time of being extinguished by those who saw it to be potentially dangerous like administration in education or law enforcement. In an article published by Linda Wilson, she and the National Pan-Hellenic Council Leaders at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University gave their perspectives and opinions on hazing at their institution, and she discussed why hazing is so hard to discontinue. The reason why is because the act of hazing is deeply rooted traditionally, so it becomes hard to break those traditional actions. For example, York College in Pennsylvania tried to solve this issue with suspending students who partake in the act. However, it is hard to dismantle not only because of tradition, but also because it is meant to be done in private spaces. It is not meant to be public which makes getting rid of it even harder.

A 2014 paper by Harvey Whitehouse discusses theories that hazing can cause social cohesion though group identification and identity fusion. A 2017 study published in Scientific Reports found that groups that share painful or strong negative experiences can cause visceral bonding, and pro-group behavior.

Scope

United States

According to one of the largest US National Surveys regarding hazing including over 60,000 student athletes from 2,400 colleges and universities:

The survey found that 79% of college athletes experienced some form of hazing to join their team, yet 60% of the student-athletes respondents indicated that they would not report incidents of hazing.

A 2007 survey at American colleges found 55% of students in "clubs, teams, and organizations" experienced behavior the survey defined as hazing, including in varsity athletics and Greek-letter organizations. This survey found 47% of respondents experienced hazing before college, and in 25% of hazing cases, school staff were aware of the activity. 90% of students who experienced behavior the researchers defined as hazing did not consider themselves to have been hazed, and 95% of those who experienced what they themselves defined as hazing did not report it. The most common hazing-related activities reported in student groups included alcohol consumption, humiliation, isolation, sleep deprivation, and sex acts.

Police forces, especially those with a paramilitary tradition, or sub-units of police forces such as tactical teams, may also have hazing rituals. Rescue services, such as lifeguards or air-sea rescue teams may have hazing rituals.

Belgium
Hazing rituals are a common practice in student clubs (fraternities and sororities, called studentenclubs) and student societies (called studentenverenigingen, studentenkringen or faculteitskringen). The latter is attached to the faculty of the university, while the first ones are privately operated. Hazing rituals in student societies have generally been safer than those in student clubs, precisely because they are to some extent regulated by universities.

For example, KU Leuven drew up a hazing charter in 2013 following an animal cruelty incident in the hazing ritual of student club Reuzegom. The charter was to be signed by student societies, fraternities and sororities. Signing the charter would have been a pledge to notify the city of the place and time of the hazing ceremony, and to abstain from violence, racism, extortion, bullying, sexual assault, discrimination, and the use of vertebrate animals. Reuzegom, as well as the other fraternities and sororities of the Antwerp Guild, refused. In 2018, twenty-year-old student Sanda Dia died from multiple organ failure in the Reuzegom hazing ritual as a result of racially motivated abuse by fellow Reuzegom members. , a few sororities have signed the charter, as well as all student societies. In April 2019, the 28 remaining fraternities in Leuven signed the charter.

Netherlands
In the Netherlands, the so-called 'traditional fraternities' have an introduction time which includes hazing rituals. The pledges go for a few days to a camp during which they undergo hazing rituals but are meanwhile introduced in the traditions of the fraternity. After camp, there are usually evenings or whole days in which the pledges have to be present at the fraternity, although slowly the pressure is released and the relations become somewhat more equal. Often, pledges collect or perform chores to raise funds for charity. At the end of the hazing period, the inauguration of the new members take place.

Incidents have occurred resulting in injuries and death. Often these incidents occur when members wish to join a house, (prestigious) sub-structure or commission for which they undergo a second (and usually heavier) hazing ritual. Incidents mostly occur during hazing rituals for these sub-structures, since there is less or no control from the fraternity board. Also, these sub-structure hazing rituals involve often excessive alcohol abuse, even when alcohol has become a taboo in hazing of the fraternity itself. Other situations causing additional risks for incidents are members (often joining the hazing camp but not designated with any responsibility) separating pledges and taking them away from the main group to 'amuse themselves' with them.

In 1965 a student at Utrecht University choked to death during a hazing ritual (Roetkapaffaire). There was public outrage when the perpetrators were convicted to light conditional sentences while left-wing Provo demonstrators were given unconditional prison sentences for order disturbances. The fact that the magistrates handling the case were all alumni of the same fraternity gave rise to accusions of nepotism and class justice. Two incidents in 1997, leading to one heavy injury and one death, lead to sharpened scrutiny over hazing. Hazing incidents have nevertheless occurred since, but justice is becoming keener in persecuting perpetrators.

The Netherlands has no anti-hazing legislation. Hazing incidents can be handled by internal resolution by the fraternity itself (the lightest cases), and via the criminal justice system as assault or in case of death negligent homicide or manslaughter. Universities as a rule support student unions (financially and by granting board members of such union a discount on the required number of ECTS credits) but can in the most extreme case suspend or withdraw recognition and support for such union.

Philippines

According to R. Dayao, hazing, usually in initiation rites of fraternities, has a long history in the Philippines, and has been a source of public controversy after many cases that resulted to death of the neophyte. The first recorded death due to hazing in the Philippines was recorded in 1954, with the death of Gonzalo Mariano Albert. Hazing was regulated under the Anti-Hazing Act of 1995, after the death of Leonardo Villa in 1991, but many cases, usually causing severe injury or death, continued even after it was enacted, the latest involving Darwin Dormitorio, a 20-year old Cadet 4th Class from the Philippine Military Academy.

Republic of Ireland
Hazing incidents are rare in the Republic of Ireland, but are known at certain elite educational institutions.

At Trinity College Dublin, an all-male society, Knights of the Campanile, was implicated in a hazing incident in 2019, where initiates were required to eat large amounts of butter. Campus newspaper The University Times was criticised for using secret recording devices to record the event. Dublin University Boat Club are also known for hazing, with rituals including consumption of alcohol, stripping to ones underwear, caning with bamboo rods, push-ups, being shouted at, standing in the rain, being tied together by shoelaces and crawling a maze while being hit with pillows. Hazing is common at Trinity sports societies and teams. Zeta Psi fraternity has a presence at Trinity as well, and some hazing has been reported.

Hazing also took place at Dublin City University's Accounting & Finance Society in 2018, where first-years standing for committee positions had to complete a variety of sexualised games. The club was suspended for a year as a result.

A report on Gaelic games county players noted that 6% of players reported were aware of forced binge drinking as a form of hazing.

Ragging in South Asia

Ragging is a practice similar to hazing in educational institutions in the Indo subcontinent. The word is mainly used in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Ragging involves existing students baiting or bullying new students. It often takes a malignant form wherein the newcomers may be subjected to psychological or physical torture.

In 2009 the University Grants Commission of India imposed regulations upon Indian universities to help curb ragging, and launched a toll-free 'anti ragging helpline'. The effectiveness of these measures are unknown; many accused of ragging freshmen are either let out with a warning or saved from legal action by political or caste lobbyists.

Although ragging is a criminal offense in Sri Lanka under the Prohibition of Ragging and other Forms of Violence in Educational institutions Act, No. 20 of 1998 and carries a severe punishment, several variations of ragging can be observed in universities around the country. Through the years this practice has worsened to all types of violence including sexual violence, harassment and has also claimed the lives of several students. The university grants commission of Sri Lanka, have set up several pathways to report ragging incidents, including a special office, helpline and a mobile app where students can make a complaint anonymously or seek help.

Controversy

The practice of ritual abuse among social groups is not clearly understood. This is partly due to the secretive nature of the activities, especially within collegiate fraternities and sororities, and in part a result of long-term acceptance of hazing. Thus, it has been difficult for researchers to agree on the underlying social and psychological mechanisms that perpetuate hazing. In military circles hazing is sometimes assumed to test recruits under situations of stress and hostility. Although in no way a recreation of combat, hazing does put people into stressful situations that they are unable to control, which allegedly should weed out the weaker members before being put in situations where failure to perform will cost lives. A portion of the military training course known as Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) simulates as closely as is feasible the physical and psychological conditions of a POW camp.

The problem with this approach, according to opponents, is that the stress and hostility comes from inside the group, and not from outside as in actual combat situation, creating suspicion and distrust towards the superiors and comrades-in-arms. Willing participants may be motivated by a desire to prove to senior soldiers their stability in future combat situations, making the unit more secure, but blatantly brutal hazing can in fact produce negative results, making the units more prone to break, desert or mutiny than those without hazing traditions, as observed in the Russian army in Chechnya, where units with the strongest traditions of dedovschina were the first to break and desert under enemy fire. At worst, hazing may lead into fragging incidents. Colleges and universities sometimes avoid publicizing hazing incidents for fear of damaging institutional reputations or incurring financial liability to victims.

In a 1999 study, a survey of 3,293 collegiate athletes, coaches, athletic directors and deans found a variety of approaches to prevent hazing, including strong disciplinary and corrective measures for known cases, implementation of athletic, behavioral, and academic standards guiding recruitment; provisions for alternative bonding and recognition events for teams to prevent hazing; and law enforcement involvement in monitoring, investigating, and prosecuting hazing incidents. Hoover's research suggested half of all college athletes are involved in alcohol-related hazing incidents, while one in five are involved in potentially illegal hazing incidents. Only another one in five was involved in what Hoover described as positive initiation events, such as taking team trips or running obstacle courses.

Hoover wrote: "Athletes most at risk for any kind of hazing for college sports were men; non-Greek members; and either swimmers, divers, soccer players, or lacrosse players. The campuses where hazing was most likely to occur were primarily in eastern or southern states with no anti-hazing laws. The campuses were rural, residential, and had Greek systems." (Hoover uses the term "Greek" to refer to U.S.-style fraternities and sororities.) Hoover found that non-fraternity members were most at risk of hazing, and that football players are most at risk of potentially dangerous or illegal hazing. In the May issue of the American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Michelle Finkel reported that hazing injuries are often not recognized for their true cause in emergency medical centers. The doctor said hazing victims sometimes hide the real cause of injuries out of shame or to protect those who caused the harm. In protecting their abusers, hazing victims can be compared with victims of domestic violence, Finkel wrote.

Finkel cites hazing incidents including "beating or kicking to the point of traumatic injury or death, burning or branding, excessive calisthenics, being forced to eat unpleasant substances, and psychological or sexual abuse of both males and females". Reported coerced sexual activity is sometimes considered "horseplay" rather than rape, she wrote. Finkel quoted from Hank Nuwer's book Wrongs of Passage, which counted 56 hazing deaths between 1970 and 1999.

In November 2005, controversy arose over a video showing Royal Marines fighting naked and intoxicated as part of a hazing ritual. The fight culminated with one soldier receiving a kick to the face, rendering him unconscious. The victim, according to the BBC, said "It's just Marine humour". The Marine who leaked the video said "The guy laid out was inches from being dead." Under further investigation, the Marines had just returned from a six-month tour of Iraq, and were in their "cooling down" period, in which they spend two weeks at a naval base before they are allowed back into society. The man who suffered the kick to the head did not press charges.

In 2008, a national hazing study was conducted by Dr Elizabeth Allan and Dr Mary Madden from the University of Maine. This investigation is the most comprehensive study of hazing to date and includes survey responses from more than 11,000 undergraduate students at 53 colleges and universities in different regions of the U.S. and interviews with more than 300 students and staff at 18 of these campuses. Through the vision and efforts of many, this study fills a major gap in the research and extends the breadth and depth of knowledge and understanding about hazing. Ten initial findings are described in the report, "Hazing in View: College Students at Risk". These include:
 More than half of college students involved in clubs, teams, and organizations experience hazing.
 Nearly half (47%) of students have experienced hazing before coming to college.
 Alcohol consumption, humiliation, isolation, sleep deprivation, and sex acts are hazing practices common across student groups.

Notable examples
With hazing, there have been countless instances where it has been taken too far and has resulted in death or near death experiences. In some instances, people who haze others are too involved in the act of doing it that they are not attentive to possible harm to the other person.

1495: Leipzig University banned the hazing of freshmen by other students: "Statute Forbidding Any One to Annoy or Unduly Injure the Freshmen. Each and every one attached to this university is forbidden to offend with insult, torment, harass, drench with water or urine, throw on or defile with dust or any filth, mock by whistling, cry at them with a terrifying voice, or dare to molest in any way whatsoever physically or severely, any, who are called freshmen, in the market, streets, courts, colleges and living houses, or any place whatsoever, and particularly in the present college, when they have entered in order to matriculate or are leaving after matriculation."
1684: Cambridge, Massachusetts, a Harvard University Student, Joseph Webb, was expelled for hazing.
1873: A New York Times headline read: "West Point. 'Hazing' at the Academy – An Evil That Should be Entirely Rooted Out"
1900: Oscar Booz began at West Point in June 1898 in good physical health. Four months later, he resigned due to health problems. He died in December 1900 of tuberculosis. During his long struggle with the illness, he blamed the illness on hazing he received at West Point in 1898, claiming he had hot sauce poured down his throat on three occasions as well as a number of other grueling hazing practices, such as brutal beatings and having hot wax poured on him in the night. His family claimed that scarring from the hot sauce made him more susceptible to the infection, causing his death. Among other things, Booz claimed that his devotion to Christianity made him a target and that he was tormented for reading his Bible.

The practice of hazing at West Point entered the national spotlight following his death. Congressional hearings investigated his death and the pattern of systemic hazing of first-year students, and serious efforts were made to reform the system and end hazing at West Point.
1903: Three young boys in Vermont, aged 11, 10, and 7, read about hazing practices in college and decided to try it themselves. They built a fire in a pasture behind the schoolhouse and led 9-year-old Ralph Canning to the spot. They heated a number of stones until they were red hot. The boys forced Canning to both sit and stand on the hot stones and held him there despite his screams. The boys then either walked or jumped on him (depending on the source). He was finally allowed to leave and he crawled home, where he died two weeks later. The public was stunned by the young age of the perpetrators.
1925: The tradition of "tubbing" came under fire following the death of Reginald Stringfellow at the University of Utah. Tubbing was a hazing ritual that involved pushing the victim's head under water until they can no longer hold their breath and gasp for air under the water. His death through class hazing – hazing of freshmen by upperclassmen – led to the practice being banned at the University of Utah and brought greater recognition to the dangers of the practice.
1959: University of Southern California pledge Richard Swanson choked to death during a hazing stunt for Kappa Sigma fraternity. Pledges were told to swallow a quarter pound piece of raw liver soaked in oil without chewing. The liver became lodged in his throat and he began choking. The fraternity brothers omitted the cause of his trouble breathing, telling police and ambulance workers instead that he was suffering from a "nervous spasm". He died two hours later. The incident inspired the 1977 film Fraternity Row as well as an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation called Pledging Mr. Johnson.
1967: Delta Kappa Epsilon, Yale University. Future US president George W. Bush (who at the time was president of the fraternity) was implicated in a scandal where members of the DKE fraternity were accused of branding triangles onto the lower back of pledges. Mr. Bush is quoted as dismissing the injuries as "only a cigarette burn". The fraternity received a fine for their behavior.
1974: Pledge William Flowers, along with other pledges, was digging a deep hole in the sand (said to be a symbolic grave), when the walls collapsed and Flowers was buried, causing his death. His death spurred an anti-hazing statute in New York. Flowers would have been the first black member of Zeta Beta Tau at Monmouth had he survived.
1975: Rupa Rathnaseeli, a 22-year-old student of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, became paralyzed as a result of jumping from the second floor of the hostel "Ramanathan Hall" to escape the physical ragging carried out by older students. It was reported that she was about to have a candle inserted into her vagina just before she had jumped out of the hostel building. She committed suicide in 2002.
1978: At Alfred University in western New York, student Chuck Stenzel died in a fraternity hazing incident from aspirated vomit while passed out following an evening of drinking at Klan Alpine fraternity. He had been transported to the frat house in a car trunk along with two other pledges. Following his death, his mother formed CHUCK, the Committee to Halt Useless College Killings to help stop hazing practices on college campuses.
1993–2007: In Indonesia, 35 people died as a result of hazing initiation rites in the Institute of Public Service (IPDN). The most recent was in April 2007 when Cliff Muntu died after being beaten by the seniors.
1997: Selvanayagam Varapragash, a first-year engineering student at University of Peradeniya, was murdered on the campus due to hazing. He was subjected to sadistic ragging, and in a post-mortem examination, a large quantity of toothpaste was found in his rectum.
1997: During the hazing period of a Dutch fraternity, a pledge was run over by members when he was sleeping drunk in the grass. A few weeks later, a pledge, Reinout Pfeiffer, died after drinking a large quantity of jenever as part of an initiation ritual for his student house attached to the same fraternity. These incidents prompted Dutch fraternities to regulate their hazing rituals more strictly.
2004: In Sandwich, Massachusetts, nine high school football players faced felony charges after a freshman teammate lost his spleen in a hazing ritual.
2004: On September 16, 2004, Lynn Gordon Baily Jr died at the age of 18 during a hazing ritual that he participated in. He was a part of the Chi Psi fraternity at the University of Colorado.
2005: Matthew Carrington was killed at Chico State University during a hazing activity on February 2, 2005. Matt's Law, named in Carrington's memory, was passed by the California legislature into law to eliminate hazing in California.
2005: A few months later, in May 2005, a Dutch student almost died from water intoxication after participating in a hazing drinking game in which the liquor was replaced by water.
2005: The victim of a high-profile hazing attack in Russia, Andrey Sychyov, required the amputation of his legs and genitalia after he was forced to squat for four hours whilst being beaten and tortured by a military group on New Year's Eve, 2005. President Vladimir Putin spoke out about the incident and ordered Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov "to submit proposals on legal and organizational matters to improve educational work in the army and navy".
2007: At Rider University, one fraternity pledge died and another was hospitalized with alcohol poisoning, during what a judge called "knowingly or recklessly organized, promoted, facilitated or engaged in conduct which resulted in serious bodily injury". Five people were charged, including two university administrators.
2007: On June 26 at the Tokitsukaze stable, 17-year-old sumo wrestler Takashi Saito was beaten to death by his fellow rikishi with a beer bottle and metal baseball bat at the direction of his trainer, Jun'ichi Yamamoto. Though originally reported as heart failure, Saito's father demanded an autopsy, which uncovered evidence of the beating. Both Yamamoto and the other rikishi were charged with manslaughter.
2010: In a hazing incident in the Netherlands, pledges were asked to 'baffle the members' with a stunt. They decided to do so by dressing one of them in a Sinterklaas costume, dousing the suit in lamp oil, and setting it on fire. The victim jumped in the water in his burning costume, and suffered second-degree burns, needing medical treatment. The student who set the victim's costume on fire was sentenced to 50 hours of unpaid work.
2011: Two Andover High School basketball players were expelled and five were suspended for pressuring underclassmen to play "wet biscuit", where the loser was forced to eat a semen-soaked cookie.
2011: Thirteen students from Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University attacked drum major Robert Champion on a bus after a marching band performance, beating him to death. Since the 2011 death, a series of reports of abuse and hazing within the band have been documented. In May 2012, two faculty members resigned in connection with a hazing investigation and 13 people were charged with felony or misdemeanor hazing crimes. Eleven of those individuals faced one count of third-degree felony hazing resulting in death, which is punishable by up to six years in prison. The FAMU incident prompted Florida Governor Rick Scott to order all state universities to examine their hazing and harassment policies in December. Scott also asked all university presidents to remind their students, faculty and staff "how detrimental hazing can be".
2013: Chun Hsien Deng, a freshman at Baruch College, died during a hazing incident after he was blindfolded and made to wear a backpack weighted with sand while trying to make his way across a frozen yard as members of a fraternity, Pi Delta Psi, tried to tackle him. During at least one tackle, he was lifted up and dropped on the ground in a move known as spearing. He complained his head hurt but continued participating and was eventually knocked out. After Deng was knocked unconscious, the authorities said the fraternity members delayed in seeking medical help.
2013: Tyler Lawrence, a student at Wilmington College (Ohio), lost a testicle as a result of hazing after being forced to lie down nude on a basement floor wet with three inches of water, stuffed with hamburgers, then ball-gagged, and finally being hit in his scrotum with towels and shirts that were tied with balled ends or other objects. Despite being painfully injured, he was then forced to sit up and swallow vinegar soaked bananas.
2014: Seven members of the Sayreville War Memorial High School football team in Sayreville, New Jersey, were arrested and charged with sexual assaults on younger players. "In the darkness, a freshman football player would be pinned to the locker-room floor, his arms and feet held down by multiple upperclassmen. Then, the victim would be lifted to his feet" and sexually abused. Six of the team members were sentenced for lesser crimes, and the seventh case was still pending in 2016.
2016: In August 2016, a student in a Dutch fraternity suffered serious head injuries after a member forced him to lie on the floor, placed his foot on his head and exercised pressure on the skull. The perpetrator was convicted to a prison sentence of 31 days (of which 30 days conditional), 240 hours of unpaid labor, and €5,066.80 damage compensation to the victim. The perpetrator appealed against this verdict, after which it was reduced in appeal to a fine of €1,000.
2016: In December 2016, Newcastle University student Ed Farmer, 20, died from a cardiac arrest and immense brain damage after an initiation ceremony into the Agricultural Society. Events included head shaving, being sprayed with paint used to mark stock, drinking vodka from a pig's head, and bobbing for apples in a mixture of urine and alcohol. Farmer was known to have drunk 27 vodka shots in three hours. Initiation ceremonies have been strictly banned by the university.
2017: Tim Piazza died as result of a hazing incident while pledging a fraternity at Pennsylvania State University, where he was made to have 18 drinks in fewer than 1 hours, then later fell headfirst onto a set of stairs. Despite observing grievous injuries to Piazza, fraternity brothers waited nearly 12 hours before calling for medical assistance. The Piazza case resulted in one of the largest hazing prosecutions in United States history. Following a grand jury investigation, 18 members of the fraternity were charged in connection with Piazza's death: 8 were charged with involuntary manslaughter and the rest with other offenses, including hazing. In addition to the fraternity "brothers", the fraternity itself (Beta Theta Pi) was also charged.
2017: Maxwell Gruver died, after having too much alcohol as a result of being forced to consume drinks every time he gave wrong answers regarding his fraternity (Louisiana State University, at 18 years old).
2017: Andrew Coffey, age 20, died after passing out following drinking an entire bottle of Wild Turkey bourbon (Florida State University).
2017: Matthew Ellis, a Texas State student, died at 20 years old after an undisclosed hazing ritual.
2018: Three Flemish Belgian students, from the KU Leuven were hospitalized after consuming a large amount of fish sauce as part of a hazing ritual. One slipped into a coma and died, likely due to a combination of the high concentration of salt in the sauce and hypothermia.

See also
 Dedovshchina
 Groupthink
 Schadenfreude
 Stanford prison experiment
 Stockholm Syndrome

References

Further reading

External links

 IMDb references by the word  and keyword
 World Corporal Punishment Research Corporal punishment as initiation

Crimes
Abuse
Education issues
Group processes
Rites of passage

Hazing


Sir Ralph David Richardson (født 19. december 1902, død 10. oktober 1983) var en engelsk skuespiller, der sammen med hans samtids kollegere John Gielgud og Laurence Olivier dominerede det britiske teater i midten af det 20. århundrede.

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra England
Personer fra Gloucester
Briter i 1900-tallet
Oscar-nominerede skuespillere

Ralph Richardson


Jean Dupuy, né le  à Tulle et mort le  à son domicile de Garches, est un cadre dirigeant de la SNCF, considéré par les cheminots comme le père du TGV français.

Biographie

Formation et début de carrière
Il entre à Polytechnique en 1948 et en sort classé . Il fait ensuite l'École des mines de Paris et entre dans le Corps des mines.

Il passe 4 ans à servir dans l'Administration, à Saint-Etienne.

Activités ferroviaire et développement du TGV
Il entre en 1956 à la SNCF où il reste jusqu'en 1987. Il occupe d'abord différents postes au service du matériel. Il devient directeur adjoint (1967) puis directeur (1971) du Matériel et de la Traction, directeur général adjoint (1974) puis directeur général de la SNCF (1985). Il démissionne en 1987 car il est en désaccord avec les objectifs qui lui sont fixés par le gouvernement.

De 1967 à 1987, il se consacre au développement des trains à grande vitesse. Il est épaulé par Jules Antonini, secrétaire général de la SNCF qui sensibilise le général de Gaulle et Georges Pompidou à l'intérêt du projet, ainsi que par une équipe technique brillante. Il est considéré par ses collaborateurs comme le père du TGV français, même s'il attribue lui-même modestement la paternité à Georges Pompidou.

Il se distingue comme un meneur d'hommes qui sait déléguer, mais il prend aussi lui-même différentes décisions techniques majeures concernant le TGV qui se sont avérées gagnantes, notamment celle d'avoir des rames articulées avec chaque bogie portant 2 caisses, celle de l'alimentation électrique par caténaire alors que la plupart des experts recommandaient l'utilisation de turbines à gaz, et il pousse la réalisation des  amortisseurs à « front raide »

Le , il fait franchir au TGV le record de vitesse de l'époque (qui était de 331 km/h), dans une rame avec une soixantaine de journalistes. Ce jour-là, dans la cabine de pilotage du train, Jean Dupuy donne l'ordre au conducteur de dépasser la vitesse initialement prévue pour la démonstration de 360 km/h, et c'est aussi lui qui donner l'ordre de freiner à 379 km/h.

Activités ultérieures
Après son départ de la SNCF, il devient président du directoire de l'Office d'annonces (ODA), une filiale du groupe Havas et de COGECOM, qui exploitait la régie publicitaire des annuaires téléphoniques avec environ 4000 employés. Il prend sa retraite le  et cède son poste à Jean-Louis Pallu, qui fut directeur général pendant 8 ans.

Distinctions
 (Décret du 13 juillet 1999)

Références

Personnalité française du chemin de fer
Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur promu en 1999
Naissance en septembre 1927
Ingénieur du corps des mines
Élève de l'École des mines de Paris
Élève de l'École polytechnique
Décès en juillet 2021
Décès à 93 ans

Jean Dupuy (1927-2021)


El término Druzhni  puede referirse a:

Druzhni (Adiguesia), localidad de la república de Adiguesia, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Kunashak, Cheliábinsk), localidad del raión de Kunahak del óblast de Cheliábinsk, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Varna, Cheliábinsk), localidad del raión de Varna del óblast de Cheliábinsk, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Chernozemelski, Kalmukia), localidad del raión Chernozemelski de la república de Kalmukia, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Yashkul, Kalmukia), localidad del raión de Yashkul de la república de Kalmukia, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Beloréchensk, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Beloréchensk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Krasnoarméiskaya, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Krasnoarméiskaya del krai del Krasnodar, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Nizhni Nóvgorod), localidad del óblast de Nizhni Nóvgorod, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Novosibirsk), localidad del óblast de Novosibirk, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Pervomaiski, Oremburgo), localidad del Pervomaiski del óblast de Oremburgo, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Tótskoye, Oremburgo), localidad del raión de Tótskoye del óblast de Oremburgo, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Rostov), localidad del óblast de Rostov, en Rusia.
Druzhni (Tomsk), localidad del óblast de Tomsk, en Rusia.

Druzhni


Tetsuo Nakanishi (født 8. september 1969) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Nagoya Grampus Eight og Kawasaki Frontale.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Tetsuo Nakanishi


Cum e sfatul e și satul este un film românesc din 1953 regizat de Ion Rodan și Traian Fericeanu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Ion Gheorghiu, Dem Hagiac, Alexandru Lungu.

Prezentare

Film de propagandă pentru alegerile din 1953 pentru Sfaturile Populare.

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1953 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1953
Filme politice
Filme de propagandă
Filme de scurt metraj

Cum e Sfatul e și satul


Greenery may refer to:

 Any foliage of a plant, either live, freshly cut, or artificial. The term is used in the landscaping, interior design, and florist industries.
 A houseplant used for its foliage.
 A slang term for marijuana.

Greenery


Batanagar (en bengalí:বাটানগর  ) es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de 24 Parganas sur, estado de Bengala Occidental.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 9  a 16 km de la capital estatal, Calcuta, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 419 688 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bengala Occidental

Batanagar


Bedrag er en tv-serie om økonomisk kriminalitet. Den er foreløbig blevet sendt i tre "sæsoner". De to første sæsoner blev vist i 2016 på DR1, hver i 10 episoder, mens den tredje sæson havde premiere i 2019.

Jeppe Gjervig Gram (Borgen) er ledende manuskriptforfatter og Per Fly er ledende instruktør. Serien fokuserer på de forandringer, der sker i menneskers liv, når ambitioner og grådighed er styrende faktorer. Disse faktorer påvirker alle sociale lag og deres relationer til familie og venner. Nikolaj Lie Kaas, Thomas Bo Larsen, Natalie Madueño og Esben Smed har hovedrollerne i seriens første 10 episoder. I større biroller ses bl.a. Waage Sandø, Line Kruse og Stine Stengade. Verdenspremieren fandt sted under filmfestivalen i Berlin i februar 2015 under titlen Follow the money,, men den fik først premiere på dansk TV i januar 2016.

Serien er en efterfølger til DRs succeser med Forbrydelsen og Broen, men adskiller sig fra disse ved at være mere howdunit end whodunit.<ref>[http://soundvenue.com/film/2016/01/bedrag-177243 Bedrag på soundvenue 1. januar 2016]</ref> Jeppe Gjervig Gram har udtalt, at serien er inspireret af finanskrisen og Per Fly har især været optaget af, at serien fokuserer på "beskrivelsen af de tre samfundsklasser med en økonomisk kriminalsag som motor for historien".

Instruktør Per Fly bekræftede allerede inden sæsonafslutningen på første sæson, at der ville komme en ny sæson af Bedrag til efteråret 2016.

 Synopsis
 Sæson 1

 Sæson 2

Anden sæson havde premiere i september 2016 og det blev tidligt afsløret, at storbanken Nova Banks investor, "Hr. Christensen" er den store skurk og bagmand. Via sin lejemorder, Bo Peterson "svenskeren", får han engageret Nicky som "tough guy", der blandt andet er tæt på at udløse en abort under et indbrud. Svenskeren selv begår drab på stribe. Nikolaj Lie Kaas "Alexander Sødergren" er gået under jorden, og i stedet er det Sonja Richter og David Dencik, der spiller et søskendepar. som har sikret Absalon Bank'' en rolle som medspiller på de finansielle markeder, der indfanges af storbankens manipulationer.

Sæson 3

Medvirkende
 Natalie Madueño som Claudia Moreno (sæson 1-2)
 Thomas Bo Larsen som Mads Justesen (sæson 1-2)
 Esben Smed som Nicky Rasmussen (sæson 1-3)
 Lucas Hansen som Bimse (sæson 1-2)
 Julie Grundtvig Wester som Lina
 Thomas Hwan som Alf Rybjerg (sæson 1-3)
 Nikolaj Lie Kaas som Alexander Sødergren (sæson 1)
 Anders Heinrichsen som Jens Kristian (sæson 1-2)
 Charlotte Munck som Mia Hermansen (sæson 1)
 Sonja Richter som Amanda Absalonsen (sæson 2)
 David Dencik som  Simon Absalonsen (sæson 2)
 Niels-Martin Eriksen som Erik (sæson 1)
 Line Kruse som Kristina
 Kasper Leisner som Steen
 Waage Sandø som  Hr. Christensen (sæson 1-2)
 Claes Ljungmark som Bo Peterson "svenskeren" (sæson 1-2)
 Braxtorps Kenzie (Border Collie) som Hunden Batista (sæson 1)

Afsnit

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Krimiserier fra Danmark
Søndagsserier på DR
Tv-serier fra 2010'erne
Robert for årets danske tv-serie

Bedrag (tv-serie)


Syracuse Nationals, bugün Philadelphia 76ers adıyla anılan ve NBA'in kurucu takımları arasında yer alan basketbol takımı.

1939 yılında kurulan takım 1946 yılında NBA'in kurulmasına öncelik etmiş olan NBL (National Basketball League) liginin kurucusu olmuştur. 3 sene sonra NBA kurulduğunda bu lige katıldı.

Takım 1963'te Philadelphia'ya taşınana kadar bu isimle anıldı. 1950'li yılların başında oldukça başarılı bir dönem geçirdi. 1950 ve 1954'te NBA Finali'ne çıkmasına rağmen ikisinde de Minneapolis Lakers'a kaybetti. Takım bu isimle tek şampiyonluğuna 1955 yılında Fort Wayne Pistons'ı 4-3'le geçerek ulaştı.

İlgili bağlantılar

 Philadelphia 76ers
 NBA

Dış bağlantılar

 http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nba/syracuse/nats.html

New York eyaletindeki spor takımları
Feshedilen NBA takımları
Onondaga County

Syracuse Nationals


කලා කීර්ති විජේතුංග කරුණාරත්න එඩ්වින් ආරියදාස (3 දෙසැම්බර් 1922 - 22 ජනවාරි 2021:), ජනප්‍රිය එඩ්වින් ආරියදාස ලෙසින් හඳුන්වනු ලැබුවේ ශ්‍රී ලාංකික සිංහල මාධ්‍යවේදියෙකි.  ඔහු ප්‍රසිද්ධ පුවත්පත් කතුවරයෙකු, ලේඛකයෙකු සහ මාධ්‍ය උපදේශකයෙකු විය. ශ්‍රී ලාංකේය මාධ්‍යයේ ප්‍රතිමූර්තියක් ලෙස සැලකෙන ඔහු ද්විභාෂා සන්නිවේදනයේ පුරෝගාමියෙකු වූ අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවෙන් සිංහල සිනමාව ගැන ලිවීය.  සන්නිවේදන විෂය සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව අතරට සමීප කළ පුරෝගාමී ගුරුවරයාද ඔහුය.

අධ්‍යාපන පසුබිම
ආරියදාස 1922 දෙසැම්බර් 3 වන දින ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ගාල්ලේ උණවටුනේදී පවුලේ බාලයා ලෙස උපත ලැබීය.  ඔහුගේ පියා වී.කේ.ඒබ්‍රහම් අප්පුහාමි ගොවියකු වූ අතර මව සිසිලියානා හාමිනේ ගෘහණියකි.  ඔහුට වැඩිමහල් සහෝදරයන් තිදෙනෙක් සහ වැඩිමහල් සහෝදරියන් දෙදෙනෙක් සිටියහ.  ඔහුගේ පියා විසින් නම් කළද, ඔහුගේ වැඩිමහල් සොහොයුරිය වන දයාවතී ඔහුගේ නම අප්පුහාමි වෙනුවට ආරියදාස ලෙස වෙනස් කර ඇත. ඔහු උණවටුනේ බෞද්ධ මිශ්‍ර පාසලෙන් ප්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබූ අතර, ගාල්ල මහින්ද විද්‍යාලයෙන් ද්විතීයික අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා ඇත.

ඔහු 1945 දී ලංකා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයට ඇතුළත් වූ අතර සිංහල සහ ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවලින් උපාධියක් ලබා සමත් විය.  ඔහු කලක් මහින්ද විද්‍යාලයේ ඉගැන්වූ අතර පසුව ඔහු නැවත කොළඹට පැමිණ සාමාන්‍ය රක්ෂණ සමාගමේ ලේකම් ලෙස සේවය කළේය.

මාධ්‍ය ජීවිතය

මාධ්‍ය ජීවිතය ආරම්භ කිරීමට පෙර ඔහු මහින්ද විද්‍යාලයේම ගුරුවරයකු ලෙස ද පසුව එවකට ජෙනරල් ඉන්ෂුවරන්ස් සමාගමේ ඉහළ වැටුප් ලබන රැකියාවක ද නිරත විය.  කෙසේ වෙතත්, ඔහු මේ කාලය තුළ පුවත්පත් සඳහා විවිධ ලිපි ලියා ඇත.  ඔහු අවුරුදු දොළහේදී සිළුමිණ පුවත්පතට ලියන අතර එවකට එය හැඳින්වූයේ ෂඨ දහයේ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය යනුවෙනි.  වෘත්තීය මාධ්‍යවේදියෙකු ලෙස ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින් ලිවීමට ඩේලි නිවුස් පුවත්පතට සම්බන්ධ වන ඔහු පියසේන නිශ්ශංක මහතාගේ මගපෙන්වීම යටතේ දිනමිණට සම්බන්ධ වෙයි.
1949 මාර්තු 3 දින ඔහු ලේක්හවුස් ආයතනයට සම්බන්ධ විය.  ලේක්හවුස් ආයතනයේදී ඔහු බොහෝ ලේක්හවුස් ප්‍රකාශනවල කර්තෘ මණ්ඩල සාමාජිකයෙක් විය.  ඔහු දිවයින, ඩේලි නිවුස්, සන්ඩේ ඔබ්සර්වර්, සිළුමිණ,ජනතා පුවත්පතේ කර්තෘ මණ්ඩලයේ සිටි අතර "නවනුගය" ප්‍රධාන කර්තෘවරයා විය. ඉංග්‍රීසි කතුවැකි සිංහලට පරිවර්තනය කරනවා වෙනුවට ආරියදාස තරුණයා සමඟ එක්ව සිංහල කතුවැකි සිංහලෙන් ලිවීමට පුරෝගාමී වූයේ පියසේන නිශ්ශංකය.  ඔහු 1949 මාර්තු 11 වැනිදා සිනමාව පිළිබඳ මුල්ම ලිපිය ලිව්වා.හැම්ලට් චිත්‍රපටය ගැන ඔහු ලිව්වේ 'සිංහල චිත්‍රපති කරයින්ට ආදර්ශ පාඨයක්' ('සිංහල සිනමාකරුවන්ට ආදර්ශමත් පාඩමක්') යන මැයෙන්.  1950 දී ඔහු එම වසරේ සිංහල චිත්‍රපට ගැන සන්ඩේ ඔබ්සර්වර් පුවත්පතට 'සිංහල චිත්‍රපට' තීරුව ද ලිවීය.  මෙය ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවෙන් ලියන ලද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිංහල චිත්‍රපට පිළිබඳ පළමු වාර්ෂික සමාලෝචනයයි.
ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ උසස් අධ්‍යාපන විෂයයෙහි ජන සන්නිවේදනය අධ්‍යයනය ආරම්භ කළේය.  1969 දී ඔහු දෙහිවල කනිෂ්ඨ කාර්මික විද්‍යාලයේ පාඨමාලාවක් ආරම්භ කළේය.  ඔහු කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ ජන සන්නිවේදනය ඉගැන්වීම සඳහා පළමු විෂය නිර්දේශය සකස් කළේය.  එසේම, ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා විවෘත විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ මාධ්‍ය අධ්‍යයන හඳුන්වාදීම හා සම්බන්ධ විය.  කොළඹ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ ජනසන්නිවේදන ඩිප්ලෝමාව සමාරම්භක අවස්ථාවට ඔහු බෙහෙවින් බලපෑවේය. මහාචාර්ය විමල් දිසානායක සහ එඩ්වින් ආරියදාස පසුව කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ ජන සන්නිවේදනය විෂයයෙහි පුරෝගාමී වූහ.  මේ අතර 1995 සරසවිය සම්මාන උලෙළේ ජූරි සභිකයකු ද 2002 සරසවිය සම්මාන උලෙළේ ජූරියේ සභාපතිවරයා ද වූ ඔහු 2007 සරසවිය සම්මාන උළෙලේදී සිනමා සාහිත්‍යයට කළ මෙහෙවර වෙනුවෙන් රණපාල බෝධිනාගොඩ අනුස්මරණ සාහිත්‍ය සම්මානයෙන් ද පිදුම් ලැබුවේය.
අන්තරජලය' (අන්තර්ජාලය), 'මධ්‍ය රූප' (මාධ්‍ය රූප) සහ 'සජිවිකරණය' (සජීවීකරණය) වැනි ඉංග්‍රීසි යෙදුම් සඳහා නව සිංහල යෙදුම් හඳුන්වාදීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් එඩ්වින් ආරියදාස මහතා ඇගයීමට ලක් වේ.

එඩ්වින් ආරියදාස


Chapter 6: The Legend of Alice May (Capítulo 6: La Leyenda de Alice May en América Latina, y La leyenda de Alice May en España), es el sexto episodio de la primera temporada de la serie de televisión animada Scooby-Doo! Misterios, S. A..

El guion principal fue elaborado por Mitch Watson, Anson Jew y Joey Mason se encargaron de dibujar el guion gráfico, y Victor Cook estuvo a cargo de la dirección general. El episodio fue producido por la compañía Warner Bros. Animation, a manera de secuela de la serie original de Hanna-Barbera Productions, Scooby-Doo ¿dónde estás? (1969).

Se estrenó oficialmente en los Estados Unidos el  por Cartoon Network. En Hispanoamérica y Brasil, el episodio se estrenó oficialmente el  a las 17:00 a través de Cartoon Network.

Argumento
De noche, un chico llamado Randy es recogido en la calle por una hermosa chica con la que va a ir a su graduación. Randy, ya en la limusina, comienza a ser seducido por la chica, hasta que ella le dice la frase «eres el elegido». Arrancándose la cara como si esta no existiera, la chica revela ser un espeluznante monstruo, que secuestra al chico.En la residencia Rogers, Shaggy, Scooby y Vilma se encuentran viendo un maratón de películas de Vincent Van Ghoul, pero la pequeña castaña no parece estar muy animada esa noche, pese a que a ella le encantan las películas de horror. Aprovechando una rápida retirada de Scooby, Shaggy le pregunta qué le sucede, y Vilma le recuerda que este año la maratón cae en su mes de aniversario, justo en la noche del baile de graduación de la secundaria Gruta de Cristal. Vilma sugiere que en el baile los dos puedan anunciar su noviazgo oficialmente, pero Shaggy ve esto como un dilema, ya que también quiere terminar de ver el maratón con Scooby y además no se siente listo para decirle aún que Vilma y él son pareja, por temor de que su mejor amigo se resienta con él.Al día siguiente en la escuela, Fred ayuda a una chica que tiene problemas con su casillero, la chica resulta ser la misma que secuestró a Randy, quien en esta ocasión se presenta como una nueva alumna, bajo el nombre de Alice May. Fred se ofrece a acompañar a Alice y ayudarla en todo, y ella comienza a seducirlo, enfureciendo a Daphne. Todos los estudiantes son citados para reunirse en una sala, donde el alcalde Fred Jones y el Sheriff Stone les advierten sobre las recientes apariciones de una limusina y una chica fantasma que secuestra, en particular, a muchachos. En la reunión, Fred aparece con Alice, poniendo de nuevo celosa a Daphne, quien prefiere investigar más sobre los muchachos desaparecidos de los que el Señor E les habló, que seguirle haciendo caso a Fred. Esa misma noche en la biblioteca de la escuela, Daphne descubre que todos los archivos sobre los chicos desaparecidos fueron borrados, como si alguien no quisiera que nadie los encontrase. De pronto, la pelirroja comienza a ser atacada y acechada por una figura. Tratando de escapar, se encuentra con Alice, quien alega estar en la escuela para bañarse, ya que en su casa aún no han instalado duchas. Daphne finge irse y espía a Alice, descubriendo que la chica desciende al sótano.Al día siguiente, en el estudio K-Ghoul, Daphne le cuenta lo sucedido a la pandilla, temiendo que Alice sea la chica fantasma, aunque Fred no está seguro de que esto sea verdad. Daphne, preocupada por él, intenta persuadirlo de alejarse de Alice, pero el muchacho es muy distraído y no entiende los sentimientos de su amiga. cuando Daphne lo confronta preguntándole si Alice le gusta, Freddy evita la pregunta y se va. Investigando en su computadora, Angel Dinamita le explica al grupo que existe una leyenda de una chica fantasma que raptaba muchachos unos días antes del baile de graduación para que formasen parte de su ejército de hombres.Al anochecer, habiendo conseguido la dirección de Alice, la pelirroja reúne a toda la pandilla para investigar sobre la chica fantasma. Al llegar al cementerio, que es donde supuestamente vive Alice, Daphne se va con Scooby, mientras que Vilma y Shaggy se van juntos. Estando solos, Shaggy trata de decirle a Vilma que no está seguro de ir al baile con ella, pero esta se enfurece, haciéndole cambiar de opinión inmediatamente. Entusiasmada, Vilma salta a sus brazos, pero son interrumpidos por los gritos de alarma de Daphne y Scooby.La chica fantasma comienza a perseguir a toda la pandilla, obligándolos a refugiarse en una cripta. Allí los chicos descubren una lápida grabada con el apellido Carswell, y al abrirla, encuentran el disfraz que usaba el "Rastreador", un fantasma ya capturado por la pandilla que había resultado ser el señor Carswell quien era presidente de un banco y planeaba apoderarse de todo el dinero. Fred aparece repentinamente para el alivio de toda la pandilla, en especial de Daphne, quien trata por todos los medios de decirle a Fred que Alice es en verdad el fantasma. Pero Fred malinterpreta sus intenciones, creyendo que ella había averiguado que Alice lo invitó al baile, y que eso arruinaría su amistad. Al enterarse de esto, Daphne pierde todas las esperanzas, sabiendo que Fred nunca iría al baile con ella.El día del baile de graduación finalmente llega y los chicos comienzan a prepararse para asistir. Shaggy se escabulle de Scooby para poder irse con Vilma, pero Scooby, quien lo ve irse en una limusina, cree que su mejor amigo ha sido secuestrado por la chica fantasma y sale corriendo detrás del vehículo. Mientras tanto, Daphne llora sola en su casa, pero su hermana Delilah viene a darle ánimos. La pelirroja alcanza a Fred, y con una frase romántica, intenta confesarle una vez más lo que siente por él, y le dice que esta es su última oportunidad para decidirse. Fred se va con Daphne, rechazando a Alice, quien se va furiosa sin despedirse del muchacho. En medio del baile, un desesperado Scooby les advierte a Daphne y Fred del supuesto secuestro de Shaggy. El salón es entonces atacado por la chica fantasma, cuyo blanco principal parece ser Fred. Encontrando a Shaggy y Vilma, los chicos huyen al sótano, donde encuentran la ropa de Alice en la mochila de la cripta Carswell. Con Freddy como cebo, y con ayuda de una trampa improvisada, la pandilla atrapa a la chica fantasma y la desenmascaran, revelando que es Alice May, cuyo verdadero apellido es Carswell, la legítima hija del "Rastreador". Alice les explica que trataba de vengarse de Misterio a la Orden por encerrar a su padre, pero para ello debía deshacerse de su líder. Ella confiesa haber hecho su disfraz de chica fantasma modificando el traje del Rastreador, y admite haber secuestrado a Randy para así atraer la atención de la pandilla.Alice es arrestada y Daphne está satisfecha de que Fred esté a salvo, pero Scooby, enfadado con Shaggy por haber ido al baile con Vilma sin decírselo, se molesta con su mejor amigo. Daphne nota la mochila de Alice y trata de dársela al Sheriff, pero este ya se ha ido. Al revisarla, los chicos descubren que la mochila contiene un antiguo anuario de la secundaria Gruta de Cristal, en el cual hay una página marcada, dedicada a: Brad Chiles, Ricky Owens, Cassidy Williams, Judy Reeves y su mascota el profesor Pericles, un grupo de chicos que también resolvían misterios en la ciudad, llamados "Misterios, S. A.". La pareja retratada en el medallón de Daphne eran Brad y Judy, quienes tienen un extraño parecido con Fred y Daphne.Unas horas más tarde, en la prisión, Alice es liberada por un hombre de confianza: uno de los secuaces del Señor E, quien le agradece por cumplir con su trabajo, el cual consistía en hacerse pasar por la supuesta hija de Carswell y dejar el anuario para que los chicos lo encontraran. En realidad, Carswell nunca tuvo una hija. Todo había sido un plan del Señor E, quien necesita que Fred, Daphne, Vilma, Shaggy y Scooby-Doo sigan investigando el verdadero misterio que esconde Gruta de Cristal y la desaparición de los 4 jóvenes que se parecen tanto a Scooby y su pandilla. Satisfecha, Alice sube a su auto y se aleja del pueblo.

Notas de producción
 Por fin son reveladas las intenciones del Señor E: desentrañar el misterio sin resolver de la desaparición del grupo resuelve misterios conocidos como "Misterios, S. A." Cave notar que el Señor E usó el misterio de Alice May en contra de la pandilla, para controlarlos, según lo dicho por la misma Alice.
 Aparece el "Rastreador", conocido en este episodio como "El Escalofriante", (Creeper en su idioma original), como el supuesto padre de Alice May. El Rastreador Es un enemigo clásico de la pandilla que apareció en el episodio 20, «El papel misterioso» de la serie original ¿Scooby-Doo, dónde estás?. En dicho capítulo, el señor Carswell, presidente del banco, se disfrazó como un fantasma llamado "el Rastreador", que atravesaba las paredes para robar dinero sin que nadie sospechara de él. En este capítulo aparece un flashback del episodio original donde se ve a la pandilla capturándolo. Sin embargo en el capítulo original, un pollito acompañaba a Scooby, mas en el recuerdo de este episodio el pollo no aparece.
 Alice May parece inspirada en Gwen Stacy la novia de el hombre araña en las historietas, ya que además de ser joven y rubia, lleva la misma diadema negra, mini falda rosa y suéter verde con franjas negras que llevaba en su primera aparición. No obstante, la apariencia de Alice May, sus ojos púrpura y su estilo de maquillaje la hacen también parecida a Daphne.
 En medio de sus celos, Daphne acusa a la seductora de Fred de ser el monstruo y de hecho ella tenía razón. Esta escena tiene cierta clase de parecido con lo sucedido en el episodio «Un Halloween con Scooby-Doo» de la serie ¿Qué hay de nuevo Scooby-Doo? en el que Daphne acusó a la prima de Vilma de ser la culpable del ataque de un espíritu, en parte por ser coqueta con Fred, e irónicamente también tuvo razón. Sin embargo, las situaciones y personajes presentados en este programa son exclusivos de sus guionistas, y no hacen referencia más que a eventos ocurridos en la serie original de 1969.
 La forma en que los miembros del grupo Misterios, S. A. aparecen en su anuario, es la misma que la pandilla tenía en la presentación de la serie original, Scooby-Doo, ¿Dónde estás?
 Según lo visto en el flashback de Alice, en el momento del arresto de Carswell, ella aparece como una niña de unos 5 o 6 años. Eso significa que es por lo menos 10 años menor que la pandilla, lo cual es imposible tomando en cuenta que aquí aparece como una adolescente y no como una niña. Además, esta serie es una secuela de la original, y por lo tanto la resolución del misterio del Rastreador tendría menos de dos años de diferencia a lo mucho, demostrando lo falsa que es la historia de Alice.

 Reparto
 Frank Welker como Fred Jones, Scooby-Doo y monstruo cerdo.
 Grey DeLisle como Daphne Blake y una vampiresa.
 Mindy Cohn como Vilma Dinkley.
 Matthew Lillard como Shaggy Rogers.
 Patrick Warburton como Sheriff Bronson Stone
 Gary Cole como Alcalde Fred Jones, Sr.
 Vivica A. Fox como Ángel Dinamita.
 Richard McGonagle - Agente del Señor E.

 Estrellas invitadas
 Jennifer Hale como Delilah Blake y la mamá de Randy.
 Maurice LaMarche como Vincent Van Ghoul y el padre de Randy
 James Arnold Taylor como Randy
 Mitch Watson como Ethan
 Tony Cervone como Gary
 Hynden Walch como Alice May y la chica fantasma

 Doblaje al español
 Luis Alfonso Padilla - Fred Jones
 Yolanda Vidal - Daphne Blake.
 Irene Jiménez - Vilma Dinkley
 Arturo Mercado Chacón - Shaggy Rogers
 Antonio Gálvez - Scooby-Doo, narración y traducción verbal
 José Luis Orozco - Sheriff Bronson Stone
 Víctor Covarrubias - Alcalde Fred Jones, Sr.
 Gerardo Reyero - Vincent Van Ghoul
 Mildred Barrera - Angel Dinamita
 Alfonso Ramírez - Agente del Señor E.
Créditos técnicos:
 Dirección de doblaje - Antonio Gálvez
 Estudio de doblaje - Sensaciones Sónicas, S.A. de C.V.
 País de doblaje -

 Recepción
En su semana de estreno para los Estados Unidos, The Legend of Alice May'' fue recibido con un total de 2.000.000 telespectadores, la misma cantidad de espectadores que recibió a la serie en sus primeros capítulos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Episodios de Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated

The Legend of Alice May