The M47 Patton was an American Medium tank, a development of the M46 Patton mounting an updated turret, and was in turn further developed as the M48 Patton. It was the second American tank to be named after General George S. Patton, commander of the U.S. Third Army during World War II and one of the earliest American advocates of tanks in battle.

The M47 was the U.S. Army's and Marine Corps' primary tank, intended to replace the M26 Pershing and M46 Patton medium tanks. The M47 was widely used by U.S. Cold War allies, both SEATO and NATO countries, and was the only Patton series tank that never saw combat while in US service.

Although the later M48s and M60s were similar in appearance, those were completely new tank designs. Many different M47 Patton models remain in service internationally. The M47 was the last US tank to have a bow-mounted machine gun in the hull.

Design
Although a new power plant corrected the mobility and reliability problems of the M26 Pershing, the subsequently renamed M46 was considered a stopgap solution that would be replaced later by the T42 medium tank. However, after fighting erupted in Korea, the Army decided that it needed the new tank earlier than planned. It was deemed that there was not enough time to finish the development of the T42. The final decision was to produce another interim solution, with the turret of the T42 mounted on the existing M46 hull. Although this interim tank was itself technically immature, Army officials felt the improvements over the M46 in firepower and armor were worth the risk. The composite tank, developed by the Detroit Arsenal, was named the M47 Patton.

In December 1950 the Army awarded a $100 million contract to the American Locomotive Company for the production of 500 tanks. It entered production in 1951. Its main gun was the M36 (T119E1) 90 mm gun with an M12 optical rangefinder fitted, which was developed as a more powerful version of the earlier 90 mm guns and were backwards-compatible with their ammunition (but not vice versa, the new cartridge case doesn't chamber in the weaker guns). The secondary armament consisted of two .30 cal Browning machine guns, one in the bow and one coaxial with the 90mm main gun in the turret, and a .50 caliber Browning M2 on a pintle mount on the turret roof. The M47 was the last American-designed tank to include a bow machine gun. The T42 turret had a larger turret ring than the M26/M46 turret, and featured a needle-nose design, which improved armor protection of the turret front, an elongated turret bustle and storage bin which protruded halfway across the engine deck, and sloped sides to further improve ballistic protection; this gave the turret a decidedly lozenge-shaped profile. It also featured the M12 stereoscopic rangefinder, which was designed to improve first-round hit probability but proved difficult to use; the rangefinder protruded from both sides of the upper turret front, which would be a feature of American tanks until the advent of the M1 Abrams in 1980.

Production at American Locomotive began in July 1951. Logistical and technical issues plagued production almost from the start.

Truman administration policy sought to strengthen American arms makers' resilience to aerial attack by encouraging more decentralized weapons production – away from Detroit. The U.S. curtailed civilian automotive production to boost military production with the onset of the Korean War. As a result, Detroit's newly unemployed automotive workers found little work, while tank manufacturers outside Michigan lacked skilled workers. Truman's policy also counted on civilian factories being able to quickly transition to war-time production. However many factories lacked needed tank production machinery, done away with during World War II demobilization.

A faulty Ordnance Corps-designed hydraulic turret-control mechanism, shared by the M41 Walker Bulldog, kept the tanks from Korea while engineers worked on a fix. Engineers improved production quality controls of the hydraulics by April 1952, and set about correcting M47s sidelined in storage. By then Army officials had scrapped plans to send the tanks to Korea, in favor of providing them to troops stationed in Europe and at home.

The first M47s were not fielded to the 1st and 2nd Armored Divisions until summer 1952. Standardized in May 1952, the M47 Patton's production ran until November 1953; Detroit built 5,481 tanks, and American Locomotive Company (Alco) produced 3,095, for a total production run of 8,576 M47 Pattons.

Deployment

After the U.S. Army in Germany was equipped with the M47, the first M47s delivered under the Mutual Security Agency program were delivered to Portugal in 1952. In October the agency announced that NATO member nations had agreed to adopt the British Centurion main battle tank and the M47 as standard. By October the at Camp Drum in July, the New Jersey Army National Guard was the first reserve force to train with the tank.

The Marine Corps also fielded M47s starting in late 1952; after the Korean War, all seven Marine tank battalions, three divisional, two reserve training, and two force level, each fielded M47s. But these were soon replaced with M48A1 Pattons and M103 heavy tanks, with the last M47s being retired in 1959.

American Locomotive production was halted in October when the company's ordnance and locomotive divisions went on strike. Production resumed in February when union leaders agreed to a pay raise. In December 1952 the Defense Department ordered cutbacks to M47 and M48 tank production. In November 1953 American Locomotive halted production of the M47 after operators found drive gear defects in Europe. Army officials quickly acknowledged the issue arose from their own expedient decision to use lower grades of steel to circumvent wartime shortages. Chrysler laid off about 1000 workers at Detroit Tank Arsenal when it wrapped up production in November. American Locomotive resumed production in November. The company closed its tank division in June 1954.

With the arrival of the improved M48 Patton in 1953, the M47 was declared "limited standard" in 1955, and examples in tank units were replaced with the M48 series before long. After being declared obsolete in 1957, M46s and M47s were retained in active duty infantry division battlegroup assault gun platoons (four tanks each, one platoon per battlegroup, for a total of 20 tanks per division) until replaced with the light truck-mounted SS-10 anti-tank guided missile in the early 1960s. M47s were used by the Reserves for a relatively short time, soon being replaced by early production M48 Patton series tanks; thus, most of the M47s were exported in the late 1950s.

The M47 was widely used by many countries, especially NATO and SEATO allies, including Austria (147), Belgium (784), Ethiopia (30), France (856), Greece (396), Portugal (161), from USA and West Germany), Iran (around 400), Italy (2,480), Japan (1 for evaluation only), Jordan (49), Pakistan (100), Portugal (161), Saudi Arabia (23 from the US, 108 on the international market), Somalia (25 from Saudi Arabia), South Korea (531), Sudan (17 from Saudi Arabia), Spain (389), Switzerland (2 for evaluation), Turkey (1,347 from the US and West Germany), West Germany (1,120), and Yugoslavia (319). Like the US Army of the time, the West German Bundeswehr also used the M47 in a tank destroyer role until replacing them with the Kanonenjagdpanzer in 1966.

U.S. Army M47s remaining in storage were expended as targets.

Combat service

Near the end of the Korean war, some M47s were deployed for field testing. Some of these had 18-inch searchlights.
France deployed a squadron of its M47s against Egypt during the Suez Crisis in 1956.
Pakistan fielded M47s against India in both the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
Jordan used M47s against Israel in the Six-Day War in 1967.
The M47 was used by the Turkish Army in the Turkish invasion of Cyprus between July and August 1974, with an estimated 200 Patton tanks involved in the combat action. At least one operational M47, Serial Number 092273, was captured by the Cyprus National Guard and remained in their service until 1993. This example is currently stored at the camp of the 25 ΕΜΑ in Paphos for use as a training and a war-memorial exhibit.
During Ogaden War the Somalis used T-54 and T-55 tanks to defeat Ethiopian M41 and M47 tanks.
Iran sent their M47s to fight against Iraq in the Iran–Iraq War between 1980 and 1988. Iranian M47s were roughly equivalent to the T-54s but not as good as the T-55s, performed very poorly against much-superior Iraqi tanks such as the T-62s and T-72s. Large numbers of M47 Patton tanks fell into Iraqi capture by the end of the war.
In the Somaliland War of Independence, some of the country's large M47 collection (obtained prior to the war) may have seen some service in the initial stages of the internal conflict but these aging vehicles soon ceased operations (and left abandoned and/or destroyed) due to a lack of spare parts and proper maintenance by the Somali Army.
In the 1980s and up to the early 1990s, the Turkish Army used M47 tanks against PKK guerrillas within Turkey and neighbouring Iraq. Turkish M48A5 variants replaced all remaining M47s by the late 1990s.
Croatia used M47s against their Serbian enemies in the Croatian War of Independence but their performance was regarded as inferior to that of the Soviet-designed T-55. The M47s were retired from service immediately after the war and are now used as gunnery/missile live-firing targets during military exercises.

Variants

 M46E1 – pilot model, M46 hull with T42 turret, fitted with the M36 90 mm Gun, and was longer to incorporate a radio, ventilator, and featured a stereoscopic rangefinder; only one built
 M47 – main production version, M46 hull modified with redesigned glacis, reduction from five to three track return rollers per side, longer mufflers on rear fenders; 8,576 built
 M47E1 (U.S.) – American designation for M47 tanks modified to use the fire control system of the British Centurion main battle tank, complete with its gun stabilizer system. It was rated highly by crews in comparative evaluation with other American vehicles of the period, but was not adopted due to the M47 reaching the end of its production life; up to 20 built
M47M – The product of an improvement program started in the late 1960s, the M47M featured the engine and fire control elements from the M60A1. The assistant driver's position was eliminated in favor of additional 90 mm ammunition. Not used by the US; over 800 vehicles were produced for Iran and Pakistan
M47E – Spanish M47M austere version (kept original FCS).
M47E1 (Spain) – Second Spanish upgrade batch with rearranged main gun ammunition storage and crew heater. Both new and upgraded M47Es. 330 converted.
M47E2 – 45 built. M47E1 with Rh-105 105 mm gun and improved FCS (still electromechanical). Passive night vision for driver and commander. All M47 series MBT in Spanish service retired 1993.
M47ER3 – Spanish armored recovery vehicle. 22 built.
Sabalan – Iranian upgraded version of the US M47M, It has side skirts and a newly built turret fitted with a 105 mm gun, laser range finder, new fire control system and communication equipment. Never used in active service.
Tiam – Iranian variant of the Sabalan fitted with Type 59 tank turret, new fire control system, new communication equipment, composite and reactive armor.

Additional equipment

M6 – Earth Moving Tank Mounting Bulldozer. Bulldozer kit for the M47 series.
Unknown name - Switching 90mm M36 to 90mm M41 which used by M48 Patton III.
M47 with 105 mm (France) – French upgrade with 105 mm CN 105 F1 gun, extra ammunition storage by removing assistant driver position, and infrared spotlight.
M47 with 105 mm (Italy) – Italian upgrade with OTO Melara 105 mm L/52 gun, new fire control systems, and new AVDS-1790-2A diesel engine.

Operators

Current operators
  – 400 M47 delivered in the 1960s. Upgraded locally to M47M in the 1970s. Later upgraded to Sabalan (see above) and Tiam standard in the 2010s. IISS Military Balance 2022 among the main battle tanks entry for Iran lists "168 M47/M48" (page 341).

Former operators

  – 153 M47s in active service from 1957 till 1982. Since 1972, turrets of retired M47 tanks were fixed in Austrian bunker systems.
  – One of the surviving examples is visible in the Brussels Military Museum
  – Over 20 during the Croatian War of Independence, 16 units remained in service by 1996 but were soon retired.
  – One captured vehicle.
  – 30 acquired from Yugoslavia in 1977.
  – 856 (1954–1970) One of the tanks was converted with the 105mm gun developed for the AMX-30, including modifications to the gun breech assembly and ammunition racks.
  – 396 pieces in total, of which 391 were scrapped between 1992 and 1995.
  – Captured from Iran. All destroyed or scrapped.
  – Up to 2,000 acquired. In the late 1960s one was converted to diesel engine power and fitted with a 105 mm gun for trials.
  – Acquired 60 captured Iranian M47s through Iraq.

  - 2 pieces acquired for testing purpose before M48 purchase in 1962. Both exist today in a non-usable condition.
  – Retired in 2002–2003

  - 161 M-47 Tanks - an entire Armoured Brigade plus a Battalion worth - received from 1952 onwards, under Mutual Security Agency. The started being decommissioned in 1978 and some served until the mid 80's.

  – All lost during the Somaliland War of Independence and the Somali Civil War (one tank captured by US Army)

  – Acquired a total of 531 vehicles—463 for the army between 1956 and 1959, and 68 for the marine corps between 1963 and 1964—mainly from the USFK. Around three-quarters of the M47s replaced their 90 mm M36 guns with the 90 mm M41 guns that became available when their M48s upgraded their guns from 90 mm M41 to 105 mm M68. The last vehicle was out of service in 2007.
   – 22 M47ER3 Armoured recovery vehicles (ARVs) based on M47 hulls modernized in 1992–94. Listed as "22 M47-VR" in service by IISS Military Balance 2013, p.175.
  – 1,102 tanks were fielded.
  – 1,347 tanks were fielded. Today all M47s were recycled and the steel used for civil purposes, except one tank that was delivered to the Istanbul Military Museum and one tank as war memorial in location  (Cyprus).

  – Total of 319 delivered during the 1950s when U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower feared that the USSR could attack Yugoslavia via the Hungarian-Yugoslav border.

Evaluation only operators
  – One M47 was provided for evaluation, and used as reference for the STA(Type 61 tank prototype) development. After being used for comparison with prototype vehicles of STA and technical analysis, it was disposed of. This tank was not scrapped, and is kept in a private collection (not open to the public as of 2021).

Civilian operators
  – 1 former Austrian Army M47 owned by Arnold Schwarzenegger. He previously operated the vehicle (331) during his mandatory service in 1965, which he later obtained in 1992 and now uses to support his charity.

See also
Centurion - British Tank
T-54 – Soviet tank
Type 61 - Japanese tank
Panzer 58 - Swiss tank
M26 Pershing
M46 Patton
M48 Patton
M60 Patton
List of armoured fighting vehicles
M103 (heavy tank)
G-numbers SNL G262

Notes

References

External links

AFV Database: M47 Patton
GlobalSecurity.org: M47 Patton
Patton-Mania
M47 Photos and Walk Arounds on Prime Portal
"Army's Latest Medium Tank Features Lethal Firepower." Popular Mechanics, June 1952, p. 88. early public relation article for M-47.

Cold War tanks of the United States
Medium tanks of the United States
Medium tanks of the Cold War
Military vehicles introduced in the 1950s

M47 Patton


Viande = Meurtre est un épisode de la série télévisée d'animation Les Simpson. Il s'agit du vingt-et-unième épisode de la trente-troisième saison et du  de la série.

Synopsis
Lorsque le milliardaire Augustus "Gus" Redfield achète la société mère de Krusty,  après que Krusty a volé son entreprise de hamburgers, il demande à son ancien associé Abraham de le rejoindre dans son conseil d'administration.

Réception
Lors de sa première diffusion, l'épisode a attiré .

Notes et références

Épisode des Simpson, saison 33

Viande = Meurtre


The Game Developers Conference (GDC) is an annual conference for video game developers. The event includes an expo, networking events, and awards shows like the Game Developers Choice Awards and Independent Games Festival, and a variety of tutorials, lectures, and roundtables by industry professionals on game-related topics covering programming, design, audio, production, business and management, and visual arts.

History

Originally called the Computer Game Developers Conference, the first conference was organized in April 1988 by Chris Crawford in his San Jose, California-area living room. About twenty-seven designers attended, including Don Daglow, Brenda Laurel, Brian Moriarty, Gordon Walton, Tim Brengle, Cliff Johnson, Dave Menconi, and Carol and Ivan Manley. The second conference, held that same year at a Holiday Inn at Milpitas, attracted about 125 developers. Early conference directors included Brenda Laurel, Tim Brengle, Sara Reeder, Dave Menconi, Jeff Johannigman, Stephen Friedman, Chris Crawford, and Stephanie Barrett. Later directors include John Powers, Nicky Robinson, Anne Westfall, Susan Lee-Merrow, and Ernest W. Adams. In the early years the conference changed venue each year to accommodate its increases in size. Attendance in this period grew from 525 to 2,387. By 1994 the CGDC could afford to sponsor the creation of the Computer Game Developers Association with Adams as its founding director. Miller Freeman, Inc. took on the running of the conference in 1996, nearly doubling attendance to 4,000 that year. In 2005, the GDC moved to the new Moscone Center West, in the heart of San Francisco's SOMA district, and reported over 12,000 attendees. The GDC returned to San Jose in 2006, reporting over 12,500 attendees, and moved to San Francisco in 2007 – where the organizers expect it will stay for the foreseeable future. Attendance figures continued to rise in following years, with 18,000 attendees in the 2008 event. The 2009 Game Developers Conference was held in San Francisco, on March 23–27, 2009. The IGDA awarded 25 scholarships to send qualified students to attend the 2009 GDC.

Crawford continued to give the conference keynote address for the first several years of the conference, including one in the early 1990s where he punctuated a point about game tuning and player involvement by cracking a bullwhip perilously close to the front row of the audience. Crawford also founded The Journal of Computer Game Design in 1987 in parallel to beginning the GDC, and served as publisher and editor of the academic-style journal through 1996.

During the late 1990s, the conference expanded from its original strict focus on game design to include topics such as marketing and legal issues.

The CGDC changed its name to "Game Developers Conference" in 1999. The GDC has also hosted the Spotlight Awards from 1997 to 1999, the Independent Games Festival since 1999 and the Game Developers Choice Awards since 2001. The GDC is also used for the annual meeting of the International Game Developers Association (IGDA).

The Independent Games Festival (IGF) is the first and largest competition for independent games, and highlights the innovative achievements of developers ranging in size from individuals building PC titles to studio teams creating console downloadable titles. A pool of judges from the game industry selects the finalists and winners, and the individual creators are named as the recipients of the awards. The IGF is managed and developed by UBM TechWeb, the organizer of the GDC.

The Game Developers Choice Awards is the game industry's only open, peer-based awards show. Any member of the IGDA may nominate games, and then the membership votes on the finalists. As with the IGF, the individual creators are named as the recipients of the awards. Specialty awards such as Lifetime Achievement and First Penguin are determined by the GDCA committee, and all are revealed at the Game Developers Choice Awards ceremony at the GDC. The IGF and the GDCA are presented back to back, in an awards show produced by UBM TechWeb, typically on the Wednesday of the GDC.

UBM TechWeb has added several other events to the GDC in recent years. At the GDC Expo, developers display the latest techniques useful in game development. "GDC Mobile", first held in 2002, focuses on developing games for mobile phones. Starting in 2004, the GDC partnered with Game Connection to present Game Connection @ GDC, a live matchmaking service for developers and publishers, which in 2007 expanded to include Game Connection Services for outsourcing and other services. Starting in 2006, the GDC partnered with Video Games Live to feature their symphonic performance of videogame music as the closing night event. In addition, the GDC has hosted a number of conference-wide game experiments designed by GameLab. The 2017 GDC included a Board Game Design Day, featuring talks from developers and publishers of tabletop games on their design processes.

UBM TechWeb has also produced several spinoff events. For example, the first GDC Europe (GDCE) was featured at the European Computer Trade Show (ECTS) in London between August 31 and September 1, 2001. Other GDC-related events include the Serious Games Summit, first held in 2004 as a GDC tutorial, and spun off as a standalone event in 2005, focusing on developing games for practical purposes, such as education, corporate training, military, and health care applications; and the Hollywood and Games Summit in conjunction with The Hollywood Reporter first held in June 2006. Additional events include the Game Advertising Summit, the Game Outsourcing Summit, the Game Career Seminar, GDC Russia, the China Game Summit, GDC London, the London Games Summit, the London Game Career Fair, and many others. In late 2006, UBM TechWeb acquired The Game Initiative, and now produces the Austin Game Developers Conference.

The 2020 GDC notably was the first to be fully postponed from its planned March 2020 dates, as a result of several companies having pulled out due to fears from the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizers ran the 2020 GDC as a virtual conference and announced GDC Summer as the next live event to take place in August. While initially planning on a mixed in-person and virtual conference for the 2021 event, the organizers dropped the in-person portion in February 2021 due to continued concerns from COVID-19, maintaining the virtual events.

GDC China
UBM TechWeb brought its flagship event to Shanghai in 2007, where GDC China was held annually until 2015.

GDC China hosted the annual Independent Games Festival China (IGF China) from 2009, calling for entries developed by independent game studios and individuals in the Asia-Pacific region. IGF China includes the Independent Games Summit, the Independent Games Festival Pavilion, and the Independent Games Festival Awards Ceremony.

Recurring highlights

Tutorials
About half of the time during the first two days of GDC are given over to tutorials, one- or two-day-long sessions on a given topic. Tutorials take the form of hands-on workshops and cover a variety of technical subjects such as game design, audio, topics in computer programming (such as physics, graphics programming or web technologies), production and business management.

Summits
A summit is a section of panels dedicated to a sub-segment of the game industry, also usually held on the first two days of the conference. Past and current summit topics include mobile games, independent games, game education (for students aspiring to join the industry), serious games, social games, artificial intelligence, and online games.

Console Maker's Keynotes
Regularly, Sony Computer Entertainment, Microsoft and Nintendo deliver keynotes at the conference showcasing upcoming products and technologies. Next to the Electronic Entertainment Expo, GDC keynotes are one of the more significant sources of news about upcoming console hardware and platforms, but with a focus on the developer audience instead of the wider press. A number of games in development or upcoming releases are also showcased, but generally far fewer than at E3.

Developer's Rant
Since 2005, the "rant" panel has been one of the most popular sessions at the conference. Moderated by Eric Zimmerman and Jason Della Rocca, a selection of notable industry figures are invited to speak on industry-related subjects they are passionate about.  According to Zimmerman, the idea of the panel "is to really take those grumblings and mutterings and bring them out into the light, speak truth to power, cut through to the real s***, and talk about what is going on in our industry—what's wrong and what we can do to change it." Many rants inspire controversy, discussion and a good deal of media coverage in industry press. Most rant sessions focus on a particular segment of the industry to draw their speakers from:

 2005: "Burning Down the House: Game Developers Rant"
 2006: "Burn Baby, Burn: Game Developers Rant"
 2007: "Burning Mad: Game Publishers Rant"
 2008: "Pouring Gas on the Flames: Game Designers Rant"
 2009: "Burned by Friendly Fire: Game Critics Rant"
 2010: "Fired and Fired-Up: Jobless Developers Rant"
 2011: "No Freaking Respect! Social Game Developers Rant Back"
 2012: "Burn this MotherFather!: Game Dev Parents Rant"
 2013: "Mad as Hell: Hothead Developers Rant Back"
 2014: "Rant Apocalypse: The 10th Anniversary Mega Session"

The Rant panel has inspired similarly structured sessions, with more specialized topics (e.g., "Game Educators Rant" during the Education Summit, or rants during the Indie Game Summit).

Game Design Challenge
Eric Zimmerman created the Game Design Challenge. "The idea of the challenge, he said, was to give everyone a sense of the process behind game design, and to attempt to get everyone thinking about new kinds of games." No actual game needs to be built, just designed. The goal of the 2nd annual Game Design Challenge was to create a game based on Emily Dickinson. It was won by Will Wright who designed an Emily Dickinson personality simulator contained entirely on a USB flash drive. The personality would interact with the player by sending Instant Messages and email. The goal was to maintain a stable relationship and avoid the two extremes: romantic obsession with the player or suicidal depression. The first occurrence meant constant interruptions when using the computer. The latter occurrence allowed for the simulation to delete itself. The 3rd time, the task was to create a game worthy of a Nobel Prize. Harvey Smith won with his PeaceBomb game. It would utilize wireless devices to organize flash mobs to engage in random acts of charity. For the first 3 challenges, Eric Zimmerman has always ended the challenge by indicating that all the contestants' ideas could really be made into a game.

The goal of the 4th annual Game Design Challenge was to create a game which was a religion, or which could become one. It was won by Jason Rohrer who designed a one-player at a time multiplayer game named Chain World contained entirely on a USB flash drive.

Experimental Gameplay Workshop
The Experimental Gameplay Workshop is an influential 2-hour game presentation session held annually at the Game Developers Conference in San Francisco. The event showcases experimental video games and game prototypes. The workshop was founded by Jonathan Blow, the developer behind the game Braid. As of 2021, it was headed by Robin Hunicke and Daniel Benmergui. The session generally showcases 20 titles from over 250 submissions each year. Keita Takahashi showcased his title Katamari Damacy before it was released in the US at the workshop in 2004. At lecture at the GDC in 2005, Keita credited the session for helping get the game released in the US. In a 2009 interview, he however expressed some criticism of the format, saying the games chosen felt gimick-y and the presentations being uninteresting.

Game Developers Choice Awards
Held at the main GDC event in the first part of the year, the presentation for the Game Developers Choice Awards (GDCA) is held. The GDCAs are available for any game made in the previous calendar year, nominated and voted on by members of the game development community.

Independent Games Festival

The Independent Games Festival (IGF) is an event held during the main GDC in the early part of the year, open to games from small independent studios and from students at universities. The IGF culminates with the presentation of several awards to games which have been nominated and voted on in the months prior, and which are given space at the IGF to showcase their game. These awards have cash prizes associated with them, ranging from  to  for the Seumas McNally Grand Prize. The ceremony is typically held as the lead-in to the GDCA award ceremony.

alt.ctrl.GDC
alt.ctrl.GDC is an exhibit taking place in the GDC Expo. Visitors can play games using alternative controllers and meet the developers behind the projects. One of these games win the alt.ctrl.GDC Award, which includes a $2,000 prize plus a special trophy, at the IGF ceremony during GDC, with judging taking place on-site.

Events

See also

Game development
Electronic Entertainment Expo
Gamescom
Brasil Game Show
Tokyo Game Show

References

External links

1988 establishments in California

Informa brands
Recurring events established in 1988
Trade shows in the United States
Video game development
Video game conferences

Game Developers Conference


Zhi Yun Zhang (translitera del 张志耘) (Pekín, 1950) es una profesora, y botánica china.

Algunas publicaciones
 . 1986. Flora Sinicae 73 (1): 207, f. 53
 ---------, --------------. 1984. The genus Siraitia Merr. in China. Guihaia 4: 27-33

Véase también
 Anexo:Florilegios y códices botánicos

Referencias

Botánicos de China del siglo XX
Profesores de China
Personas de Pekín
Escritores en inglés
Botánicos de China del siglo XXI

Zhi Yun Zhang


قناة الفراعين كانت قناة فضائية أطلقتها شركة فيرجينيا للإنتاج الفني والإعلامي، من خلال تأجيرها لأحد الإستوديوهات الخاصة بالشركة المصرية لمدينة الإنتاج الإعلامي ويترأسها عضو مجلس الشعب السابق توفيق عكاشة.

في أغسطس 2012، قضت محكمة القضاء الإداري بـ«وقف بث قناة الفراعين الفضائية المصرية لمدة شهر وتوجيه إنذار لها بسحب ترخيصها» وذلك بعد تهديدات وجهها على الهواء مباشرة رئيس القناة توفيق عكاشة إلى الرئيس المصري محمد مرسي.

وبعد إسقاط عضويته من مجلس النواب المصري في 2 مارس 2016، قام توفيق عكاشة بتقديم بيان على قناته يعلن فيه توقف قناة الفراعين عن البث نهائيا وحلها بقرار من مجلس إدارة القناة.

مصادر

 «الفراعين» قناة فضائية تنطلق من مدينة الإنتاج الإعلامي، محيط، 25 أكتوبر 2008

وصلات خارجية
 منظمة حقوقية عالمية تتهم قناة الفراعين بمعاداة السامية ومهاجمة إسرائيل، مصراوي، 21 يناير 2010

ف

قناة الفراعين


Badis o Vélez, fue un principado bereber que surgió en la zona de Gomara (actualmente Marruecos), tras la caída de los Benimarines hasta 1554 cuando la dinastía saadí lo invadió.

En 1508 España conquistó el Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera que era un nido de piratas perteneciente a Badis.

Monarcas
1500-1515 Al Mançour o Muley Mansur
1515-1524 Mohammad ben Al Mansur
1524-1530 Ahmad
1530-1541 Ibrahim
1541-1554 Ali ben Hassoun

Historia de Marruecos

Badis


Paul Oscar Adolph Husting (April 25, 1866October 21, 1917) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician from Mayville, Wisconsin.  He was the first popularly-elected United States senator from Wisconsin, serving from 1915 until his death in 1917.  He previously served eight years in the Wisconsin Senate, representing Dodge County, and was district attorney for four years.  He was a grandson of Solomon Juneau, the founder of Milwaukee.

Background and early career
Husting was born April 25, 1866, in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.  Husting moved with his parents to Mayville, Wisconsin, in 1876, where he received a common school education. From the age of 17 years, he became successively a retail clerk in a general store, a railway postal clerk, a mailing clerk in the Wisconsin State Prison at Waupun, and assistant bookkeeper in the office of the Secretary of State of Wisconsin under Thomas J. Cunningham.

Husting entered the University of Wisconsin Law School, passed the state bar examination, and was admitted to the bar in 1895. He initially practiced law in Mayville by himself, but in 1897 associated himself with C. W. Lamoreux until the latter was elected judge, upon which the firm of Husting & Brother was formed.

Public office
Husting was elected district attorney of Dodge County in 1902 and reelected in 1904. He was elected to the state senate in 1906, and reelected in 1910. In the state senate, he advocated conservation of the state's natural resources, the income tax, the "Husting bill" establishing a maximum passenger railroad fare of two cents per mile, initiative and referendum, and direct election of United States senators. He offered the original resolution to investigate, and assisted in the investigation of, the Wisconsin primary and election of 1908, which resulted in the enactment of the state's Corrupt Practices Act.

Husting was the first United States senator from Wisconsin to be elected by a direct vote of the people, defeating the incumbent Governor, Francis E. McGovern, at the November 1914 election by 967 votes.  He succeeded Isaac Stephenson as the United States senator on March 4, 1915, and served in the Senate from 1915 until his death.  During his time in the U.S. Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on Fisheries during 1917 and chairman of a special committee investigating trespasses on Indian lands during his entire time in the Senate.

Husting was the only Democrat to win a state-wide election in Wisconsin between 1892 and 1932.

Death and political consequences

Husting was killed in a duck hunting accident on Rush Lake near Pickett, Wisconsin. While rising in a row boat after telling his brother Gustav to fire, Gustav accidentally shot his brother in the back. Husting fell into a coma, and died later that same day. The New York Times described him as "the most aggressive leader" of the "loyalist" (i.e., supportive of Woodrow Wilson's pro-Allied policies) forces in Wisconsin, and contrasted him with "Senator La Follette and the pro-German constituency behind him". He is interred on the Husting family plot at Graceland Cemetery in Mayville.

Husting's death was of political importance. In 1919 the Senate would have been under Democratic control had he not been succeeded by Republican Irvine Lenroot, as a consequence of which in 1919 the Senate had 49 Republicans and 47 Democrats (Vice-President Thomas R. Marshall was a Democrat, and had the power to break all ties).

Personal life and family
Paul Husting was the second of seven children born to John P. and Mary M. ( Juneau) Husting.  John P. Husting had emigrated to Wisconsin from the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg in 1855.  Mary M. Juneau was the twelfth of sixteen children born to Solomon Juneau—the co-founder and first mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Husting's younger brother, Berthold Juneau "Bert" Husting, had a brief career in professional baseball and was later United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin in the 1940s.

His older brother, Charles Ottomar "Otto" Husting, served as Paul's private secretary in the U.S. Senate.

Electoral history

Wisconsin Senate (1906, 1910)

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| General Election, November 6, 1906

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| General Election, November 8, 1910

U.S. Senate (1914)

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| Democratic Primary, September 1, 1914

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| General Election, November 3, 1914

See also
 List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

References

External links

Paul Husting, late a senator from Wisconsin, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1919

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1866 births
1917 deaths
19th-century American politicians
Accidental deaths in Wisconsin
American people of French-Canadian descent
American people of Luxembourgian descent
Deaths by firearm in Wisconsin
Democratic Party United States senators from Wisconsin
Democratic Party Wisconsin state senators
District attorneys in Wisconsin
Firearm accident victims in the United States
Hunting accident deaths
Juneau family
People from Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
People from Mayville, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin Law School alumni

Paul O. Husting


Hokonui est une localité de la région du Southland située dans l'Île du Sud de la Nouvelle-Zélande.

Population
Selon le recensement de 2013, la population de la ville est de .

Voir aussi

Liste des villes de Nouvelle-Zélande

Notes et références

Ville en Nouvelle-Zélande
Southland
District de Southland

Hokonui


Rasohe (Skrad), naselje u općini Skrad, Primorsko-goranska županija
 Rasohe (otok), otok kod Žirja
 Rasohe (kamenolom), antički kamenolom kod Škripa na Braču

Rasohe


Agave albomarginata ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Agaven (Agave). Ein englischer Trivialname ist "Huntington Cultivar Agave".

Beschreibung
Agave albomarginata wächst einzeln und bildet Ableger. Die grauen bis grünen, linealisch bis lanzettenförmig, variabel angeordneten Blätter sind 100 bis 125 cm lang, an der Basis 4 cm breit, in der Mitte 2,5 cm breit. Die hornigen, weißen Blattränder sind unregelmäßig gezahnt. Der graue Enddorn ist 1,5 cm lang.

Der ährige, schlanke, Blütenstand wird 4 bis 6 m hoch. Die grünen bis gelbfarbenen, paarigen Blüten sind 35 bis 40 mm lang. Die offen ausgebreitete Blütenröhre wird 4 bis 5 mm lang.

Die Kapselfrüchte und Samen sind nicht bekannt.

Systematik und Verbreitung
Die Erstbeschreibung durch Howard Scott Gentry ist 1982 veröffentlicht worden.

Agave albomarginata ist ein Vertreter der Sektion Marginatae. Die Art wird im Huntington Botanic Garden kultiviert. Sie ist nahe verwandt mit Agave lechuguilla, jedoch in morphologischen Merkmalen vielgestaltiger.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Agaven
albomarginata

Agave albomarginata


Haşr (toplayıp sürme) Suresi (Arapça: سورة الحشر), Kur'an'ın 59. suresidir. Sure 24 ayetten oluşur.

Sure ismini ikinci ayette geçen ve 'toplayıp sürme' anlamına gelen 'haşr' kelimesinden alır. Haşr veya haşir Arapça'da bir araya toplayıp sürme anlamındadır. Surede bahsedilen olay "Nadiroğulları sürgünü"dür. Surenin Uhud Savaşı'ndan sonra indirildiğine inanılır.

Sürgün olayı

Surede anlatılan sürgün olayı Beni Nadir kabilesinin Medine'den sürülmesi olayıdır. Beni Nadir, Medine yakınlarında yaşayan bir Yahudi kabilesidir. Muhammed bu toplulukla saldırmazlık antlaşması yapmış, Beni Nadir de bu antlaşmaya Uhud Savaşı'na kadar uymuştur. Bu savaşta Müslümanlar'ın zayıf görünmesi ve Mekkelilere kısmen yenilmiş olmasından cesaretlenen Beni Nadir, Mekkelilere ittifak teklif etmiştir. Bunu haber alan Muhammed kabilenin yaşadığı kaleyi kuşatmış, Kabile teslim olarak anlaşma hükümlerince Arabistan'ın değişik yerlerine sürgüne gönderilmişlerdir.

Sure hakkında rivayetler ve diğer konular
Bu surenin son 3 ayetinin -bazı kaynaklarda 4 veya 6-, Allah'ın isimlerini içerdiği için Kur'an'da ayrı bir öneme sahip olduğu hadislerle nakledilmiştir.

Haşr Suresi'nde, Allah'ın yüceliğinden, kamu mallarını sosyal adaleti ve refahı yaygınlaştırma yönünde kullanılması gereğinden, Müslümanlar'ın birbirine karşı kin tutamayacağından, münafıklarla Yahudilerin ilişkilerinden, Kur'an'da verilen misallerden insanların ibret alması gerektiğinden bahsedilir.

Ayrıca bakınız
Muhammed ve Yahudiler
Allah'ın isimleri

Kaynakça

Sureler

Haşr Suresi


Sidney Poitier (20. febrúar 1927 – 6. janúar 2022) var bahamsk-bandarískur leikari, leikstjóri og sendiherra. Poitier varð árið 1963 fyrstur svartra karlmanna til að vinna Óskarsverðlaun sem besti leikarinn, en hann vann fyrir hlutverk sitt í kvikmyndinni Liljur vallarins (e. Lilies of the Field).

Æviágrip
Sidney Poitier fæddist í Miami í Flórída árið 1927 og var sonur innflytjenda frá Bahamaeyjum. Faðir hans var eigandi tóbaksræktunarbúgarðs í Nassá. Sidney Poitier gekk í skóla í Nassá en flutti aftur til Miami þegar hann var fimmtán ára gamall. Hann flutti þaðan til New York-borgar og vann þar sem uppvaskari.

Þegar Poitier var sautján ára gamall laug hann um aldur sinn og skráði sig í landgöngulið Bandaríkjahers. Hann gegndi tveggja ára þjónustu í hernum en tók síðan að sér ýmis borgaraleg störf, meðal annars sem öryggisvörður á bílastæðum, byggingarverkamaður, vörubílstjóri og hafnarverkamaður. Eftir þessi störf ákvað Poitier að svara auglýsingu eftir leikara hjá blökkumannaleikfélaginu American Negro Theater í New York en eftir prufur var honum hafnað þar sem hann talaði með Kyrrahafseyjahreim sem var New York-búum illskiljanlegur.

Á næstu árum vann Poitier að því að losna við bahamska hreiminn með því að hlusta á útvarp og endurtaka það sem sagt var. Hann var á endanum ráðinn sem dyravörður og sviðsmaður hjá American Negro Theater en hann vann sig fljótt upp í að leika aukahlutverk í sýningum leikhússins og fór síðan að taka að sér aðalhlutverk. Árið 1948 birtist Poitier í aðalhlutverki á Broadway í uppsetningu á Lýsiströtu.

Poitier birtist árið 1950 í fyrstu kvikmynd sinni, No Way Out. Hann varð á næstu árum fyrstur bandarískra blökkumanna til að hasla sér völl sem eiginleg kvikmyndastjarna, en svartir leikarar höfðu áður aðallega birst í aukahlutverkum sem undirsátar hvítra aðalleikara. Allt fram á áttunda áratuginn var Poitier svo til eini blökkumaðurinn sem hlaut aðalhlutverk sem leikari í Hollywood-kvikmyndum. Ímynd Poitiers í þessum myndum var gjarnan sem friðelskandi og geðþekk persóna sem fórnar sjálfum sér í þágu hvítra og leiðir hjá sér kynþáttafordóma þeirra í sinn garð.

Árið 1963 birtist Poitier í kvikmyndinni Liljur vallarins (e. Lilies of the Field) sem Homer Smith, þúsundþjalasmiður sem fellst á að hjálpa fimm nunnum sem hafa flúið frá Austur-Þýskalandi að byggja kapellu í eyðimörkinni í Arizona. Með hlutverki sínu í myndinni hlaut Poitier Óskarsverðlaun sem besti karlleikari í aðalhlutverki og varð þar með fyrstur svartra leikara til að vinna verðlaun í þessum flokki. Árið 1968 mældist Poitier vinsælasti leikari Bandaríkjanna í skoðanakönnun Gallup.

Í byrjun áttunda áratugarins flutti Poitier til Bahamaeyja, þar sem hann kom sér upp glæsiheimili í Nassá. Hann hafði þá nýlega skilið við fyrstu eiginkonu sína, Juanitu Hardy, sem hann hafði kynnst þegar hún vann sem dansari í leikhúsinu í New York.

Poitier var virkur sem leikari fram á efri ár. Eftir að hann hætti að birtast í kvikmyndum vann hann sem sendiherra Bahamaeyja í Japan frá 1997 til 2007. Poitier lést þann 6. janúar 2022, þá 94 ára að aldri.

Tilvísanir

Bahamskir leikarar
Bandarískir leikarar
Óskarsverðlaunahafar í flokki besta karlleikara í aðalhlutverki

Sidney Poitier


Yeniorman, Sakarya ilinin Akyazı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Eski adı Ormanşevkiye'dir.

Coğrafya
Sakarya il merkezine 20, Akyazı ilçesine 10 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Akyazı'nın mahalleleri

Yeniorman, Akyazı


İsa Bey Camii, İzmir'in Selçuk ilçesinde, Artemis Tapınağı'yla Saint Jean Kilisesi arasındadır. 1375 yılında Aydınoğlu İsa Bey tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Mimar Şamlı Ali'nin eseridir.

İsa Bey Camii, Türk mimarlık tarihinin Anadolu Beylikleri dönemine ait en eski ve gösterişli eserlerindendir. 19. yüzyılda kervansaray olarak da kullanılmıştır.

Simetrik olmayan bir plana inşa edilen caminin yamaçta konumlandırılan iki giriş kapısı batı ve doğu tarafındadır. Batı kapısı yazılar ve geometrik şekillerle süslüdür. Batı yönündenki duvarlar mermerle kaplı, diğer cepheler ise kesme taştandır. Cephesi, pencere kenarları ve her iki kubbesinin de kasnağı Selçuklu çinileriyle süslüdür.

Caminin doğu ve batı kapısının üstünde yükselen iki minareden birisi tamamen, diğerinin ise şerefeden yukarısı 16. yüzyılın ortalarında meydana gelen depremlerde yıkılmıştır. Aynı depremlerde caminin çatıları da yıkılmıştır. 1975 yılında dönemin Selçuk Müftüsü Abdullah Arılık tarafından yaptırılan iyileştirme çalışmaları ile çatısı ve duvarları onarılmış ve tekrar ibadete açılmıştır.

Selçuk'taki camiler
1370'lerde mimarlık

İsa Bey Camii


Santa Catarina Ixtepeji . Es una población del estado mexicano de Oaxaca, cabecera del municipio de mismo nombre y ubicado en el Distrito de Ixtlán y en la Región Sierra Norte.

Historia
El origen de lo que hoy es la población de Santa Catarina Ixtepeji se remonta según la tradición oral de sus habitantes zapotecos a los años 650 a 700 cuando tres señores salieron de Yolox acompañados de varias familias, el primero de ellos, llamado en zapoteco Guadao-tztzi-quetz, y traducido al náhuatl sería Yaoyo Tecctli y que significa señor o capitán de la guerra, ocupó y pobló el actual sitio de Ixtepeji quedándose con él alrededor de 20 de las 40 familias que salieron de Yolox acompañando a los tres señores. En 1330 los pueblos de la sierra de Oaxaca, entre ellos Ixtepeji fueron conquistados y rindieron vasaje al Imperio Azteca, pero a la llegada de los españoles el cacique de Ixtepji, Coquelay, apoyó a Cortés en su lucha contra los aztecas los que no impidió que posteriormente trataran de resistir la conquista española siendo finalmente derrotados y reducidos en encomienda otorgada al español Pedro Aragonés.

Como consecuencia de esto, en 1565 se estableció formalmente el pueblo que es hoy Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, como pueblo de misión para la conversión de los indígenas al catolicismo y para facilitar el cobro de los tributos, se organizaron en cinco barrios denominados San Pedro, San Juan Evangelista, San Juan Bautista, San Nicolás y San Miguel. Durante la época colonial la población de Ixtepeji llegó a rebelarse contra lo que considerada abusos en tributos por parte de los españoles.

Durante las prímeras décadas de vida independiente en México la principal actividad económica de Ixtepeji fue el cultivo de la grana cochinilla, que sin embargo sufrió debido a las constantes guerras y hambrunas que golpearon a la población, a pesar de ellos durante esta época Ixtepeji se consolidó como el principal centro económico y cultural de la Sierra Juárez, aunque la cabecera política de su distrito sería la población de Ixtlán, durante toda esta época surgió una rivalidad entre ambas poblaciones dominada por la exigencia de Ixtepeji en ser convertida en la cabecera del distrito, esta rivalidad dominó la política oaxaqueña en los asuntos relacionados con la sierra hasta la Revolución Mexicana.

El inicio de la Revolución Mexicana tuvo poco impacto en Oaxaca, sintiéndose las consecuencias hasta la caída del gobernador Emilio Pimentel y la relazación de las elecciones para sucederlo en que se enfrentaron Benito Juárez Maza y Félix Díaz, Ixtepeji apoyó a Juárez Maza, sin embargo la rivalidad Ixtepeji-Ixtlán volvió a dominar los efrentamientos y due durante esta época cuando los partidarios de Ixtepeji fueron definitivamente derrotados cayendo la población en un declive del que no se recuperaría y que llevaría incluso a expulsión de pobladores que no podrían volver a Ixtepeji hasta 10 años después, en 1924.

A partir de 1964 la población fue organizada en un ejido dedicado a la explotación forestal, que culminó en 1984 con el establecimiento de la Unidad Productora de Materia Prima Forestal de propiedad comunal para mejorar el aprovechamiento de los recursos maderables por la población y que se ha convertido en su principal actividad económica.

Localización y demografía

Santa Catarina Ixtepeji se encuentra rodeado de las montañas de la Sierra Juárez en la Región Sierra Norte de Oaxaca ubicada al norte de los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca y de la ciudad de Oaxaca de Juárez, capital del estado, ciudad de la que separa una distancia aproximada de 45 kilómetros hacia el sur siendo comunicada por la Carretera Federal 175 que sin embargo no pasa directamente por la población sino a unos tres kilómetros y con la que se enlaza por una carretera de terracería. La carretera 135 continúa hacia el norte, rumbo a Guelatao de Juárez e Ixtlán de Juárez. Las coordenadas geográficas de Santa Catarina Ixtepeji son  y tiene una altitud de 1 885 metros sobre el nivel del mar.

De acuerdo a los resultados del Censo de Población y Vivienda de 2010 realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, la población total de Santa Catarina Ixtepeji es de 777 personas, de las cuales 372 son hombres y 405 son mujeres.

Referencias

Notas

Fuentes

Localidades del estado de Oaxaca
Ixtepeji

Santa Catarina Ixtepeji


Yıldırımlar,  Aksaray ilinin Ortaköy ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Uzun zamandır aynı adı taşıyan köy, Aksaray eski valilerinden Aslan Yıldırım zamanında (1993) yapılan halkoylaması ile köy statüsüne kavuştu.

Coğrafya
Aksaray il merkezine 54 km, Ortaköy ilçe merkezine 10 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Ortaköy (Aksaray) belde ve köyleri

Yıldırımlar, Ortaköy


Sclerosperma, rod palmi smješten u vlastiti tribus Sclerospermeae., dio potporodice Arecoideae. Sastoji se od tri vrste palmi iz tropske Afrike.

Vrste
 Sclerosperma mannii H.Wendl.
 Sclerosperma profizianum Valk. & Sunderl.
 Sclerosperma walkeri A.Chev.

Izvori

Arecoideae

Sclerosperma


Anabasis veya Onbinlerin Dönüşü Hellen tarihçi Ksenofon'un ünlü düzyazı yapıtı.

Ksenofon tarafından MÖ 400 yıllarında kaleme alınmış olan kitapta anlatılanlar üzerine çok sayıda kitap yazılmıştır. Ksenefon, Sokrates'in öğrencilerinden biriydi ve onun yanında eğitim almıştı.

Etimolojisi
Anabasis, Yunanca yukarıya doğru yükselme, tırmanma veya çıkış gibi değişik anlamlara gelmektedir. Olasılıkla kitabın adı, Lidya'nın (İzmir ve çevresi) başkenti Sardis şehrinden başlayıp Mezopotamya'ya doğru coğrafyanın yükselip dağlık alanlardan geçmesi veya ordunun sürekli tırmanması ile ilişkili olmalıdır.

İçerik
Anabasis, olayların anlatıldığı dönem açısından Anadolu'nun tarihî coğrafyası, gelenekleri, yerel halkları ve bunların yaşam koşulları hakkında önemli bilgiler vermektedir. Kardeşi II. Artakserkses'i devirerek Pers tahtını ele geçirmeye çalışan Kyros (Genç) için savaşan Hellen paralı askerlerin öyküsünü anlatır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Güney Kolhis Savaşı

Dış bağlantılar
 Anabasis Wikisource da
 Perseus'da ki orijinal ve İngilizce çeviri

Anabasis


عودة الغائب فيلم مصري من إنتاج عام 1947 قصة وإخراج أحمد جلال وساعد في الإخراج حسن الإمام ومثل فيه محمود المليجي وماري كويني وسهام رفقي. الفيلم من إنتاج ماري كويني وتم تصويره في مصر بتقنية الأبيض والأسود وطوله 105 دقائق.

ملخص قصة الفيلم
أسرة صغيرة تفقد سعادتها حين يهرب الصبى من المنزل. وتموت الأم كمدًا على ابنها ويعيش الأب والأخت على أمل عودة الصبى الغائب. تمر السنون ويعرف محتالٌ بقصة غياب الفتى، ينتحل شخصية الغائب ليتمكن من الاستيلاء على ثروة الأب. ولكن بسبب طول العشرة يتأثر المحتال بهما حيث يجمعه الحب بنعمات في حين تعامله هي على أنه أخوها العائد ويستيقظ ضمير المحتال، بل ويحاول الاعتراف لكنه يخشى أن يخسر كل شيء خاصة حب نعمات. هنا يعود الابن الغائب وتتكشف الحقائق، لكن الابن يعلم الحقيقة فيعفو الجميع عن بعض وينتهي الفيلم نهاية سعيدة بزواج الابنة بحبيبها.

الممثلون
مثل في هذا الفيلم كل من رفقي جميل وسهام رفقي ومحمد مصطفى ومحمود المليجي ونسيم ندا ومختار عثمان وعبد المنعم إسماعيل وأحمد الحداد وفؤاد فهيم وماري كويني.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

أفلام أحمد الحداد
أفلام مصرية بالأبيض والأسود
أفلام محمود المليجي
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1947

عودة الغائب (فيلم)


Eucrosia, rod južnoameričkog bilja iz porodice zvanikovki smješten u tribus Stenomesseae. Postoji osam priznatih vrsta lukovičastih geofita autohtonih u Ekvadoru i Peruu.

Tipična je vrsta Eucrosia bicolor, opisana 1817.

Vrste
 Eucrosia aurantiaca (Baker) Pax
 Eucrosia bicolor Ker Gawl.
 Eucrosia calendulina Meerow & Sagást.
 Eucrosia dodsonii Meerow & Dehgan
 Eucrosia eucrosioides (Herb.) Pax
 Eucrosia mirabilis (Baker) Pax
 Eucrosia stricklandii (Baker) Meerow
 Eucrosia tubiflora Meerow

Izvori

Zvanikovke

Eucrosia


Los tengélidos (Tengellidae) son  una familia de arañas araneomorfas, la única representante de la superfamilia de los tengeloideos (Tengelloidea).

Como la mayoría de arañas, tienen vuit ulls. Los caracteres que definen la familia son bastante técnicos y aún hay discrepancias por lo que se refiere a su localización taxonómica dentro de la clasificación de las arañas.

Algunas de estas extrañas arañas se parecen en parte a los tomísidos y en parte a los clubiónidos, como es el caso del género Lauricius. Los tengélidos son una de las familias que formaban parte del cajón de sastre que había llegado a ser Clubionidae.

Distribución
Su distribución se limita al continente americano, con las excepciones del género Haurokoa de Nueva Zelanda, y Calamistrula que se encuentra en Madagascar, ambos con una única especie.

Sistemática
Con la información recogida hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2011, Tengelidae cuenta con 8 géneros y 37 especies; 17  de las cuales pertenecen al género Socalchemmis .
 Anachemmis Chamberlin, 1919 (EUA, México)
 Calamistrula Dahl, 1901 (Madagascar)
 Haurokoa Forster & Wilton, 1973 (Nueva Zelanda)
 Lauricius Simon, 1888 (EUA, México)
 Liocranoides Keyserling, 1881 (EUA)
 Socalchemmis Platnick & Ubick, 2001 (EUA, México)
 Tengella Dahl, 1901 (Sur América, Costa Rica, México)
 Titiotus Simon, 1897 (Brasil, EUA)

Referencias
 Platnick, Norman I.</span> (2012): The world spider catalog, version 12.5. American Museum of Natural History.
 Texas A&M University, Department of Entomology - Synopsis of the described Araneae of the World.

Véase también
 Anexo:Especies de Tengellidae
 Anexo:Taxonomía de las arañas

Enlaces externos

 Arachnology Home Pages: Araneae

Tengellidae

Tengellidae


Coleonema pulchellum es una especie de planta perteneciente a la familia de las rutáceas. Es nativa de Sudáfrica.

Descripción
Es un arbusto de hoja perenne, erecto, denso y que alcanza un tamaño de 0,8 a 1 m de altura. Forma un solo tallo en la base, desde donde crecen numerosas ramas delgadas y erectas. Las hojas son como agujas y son 4 a 5 veces más largas (8-10 mm) que anchas (0,8 mm). El pecíolo es de 1 mm de largo. Las flores son solitarias, terminales en ramitas cortas axilares o en ramitas reducidas, a menudo densas hacia la parte superior de las ramas. Las flores son de color rosa, a menudo blancas y con forma de estrella (7 a 8 mm de diámetro), con 5 pétalos ovalados, 5.0-5.7 mm de largo, cada uno marcado con una vena central distintiva. Todo el arbusto se cubre de flores de mayo a octubre, atrae a las abejas, mariposas y otros insectos. El fruto se compone de una cápsula de 5 cámaras,  salpicada de glándulas. Hay una semilla de color negro brillante en cada cámara.

Distribución y hábitat
Coleonema pulchellum se encuentra creciendo a lo largo de planicies costeras de Knysna a Port Elizabeth. Se produce de forma natural desde el nivel del mar hasta los 150 m. Florece a lo largo de la costa y otros lugares. Es resistente al viento y tolera heladas suaves.

Taxonomía
Coleonema pulchellum fue descrita  por el  botánico Ion James Muirhead Williams  y publicado en Journal of South African Botany 47: 89, en el año 1981.
Sinonimia
Coleonema filiforme A.Juss.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

pulchellum

Coleonema pulchellum


Karaçaygöleti, Sinop ilinin Saraydüzü ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1487 yılı kayıtlarında Gölet ya da Kület, 1925 yılı kayıtlarında ise Gölet olarak geçmektedir. Daha önceleri Boyabat ilçesi Saraydüzü bucağına bağlıyken, 20 Mayıs 1990'da kurulan Saraydüzü ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 120 km, Saraydüzü ilçe merkezine 4 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Saraydüzü belde ve köyleri

Karaçaygöleti


John or Johnny Graham may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
John Graham (painter) (1754–1817), Scottish painter and teacher of art
John D. Graham (1886–1961), American painter
Jon Dee Graham (born 1959), guitarist and songwriter from Austin, Texas
John Galbraith Graham (1921–2013), British crossword compiler under the name "Araucaria"
John J. Graham (1923–1994), American graphic artist
John R. Graham (composer), American film composer
John Graham (producer) (fl. 2000s), British music producer

Military
John de Graham (died 1298), Scottish soldier
Sir John de Graham (died 1337), Scottish noble
John Graham, Earl of Menteith (died 1346), Scottish soldier
John Graham (pirate) (fl. 1683–1686), English pirate active off New England
John Graham (British Army officer, born 1778) (1778–1821), founder of Grahamstown, South Africa
John Graham (British Army officer, born 1923) (1923–2012)
John Graham of Duchray, Scottish landowner and soldier

Politics

United Kingdom
John Graham, 4th Earl of Menteith (c.1529–c.1565), Scottish nobleman
John Graham, 6th Earl of Menteith (c.1571–c.1598), Scottish nobleman
John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose (1548–1608), Scottish peer
John Graham, 4th Earl of Montrose (died 1626), Scottish peer
John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee (1648–1689), Scottish nobleman and soldier
John Graham (died 1755), Scottish politician, MP for Stirlingshire 1722–27
John Graham (Irish republican) (1915–1997), Irish republican
Sir John Graham, 4th Baronet (1926–2019), British diplomat who was ambassador to Iraq, Iran and NATO
John Graham (loyalist) (born c. 1945), Ulster loyalist figure

United States
John Graham (diplomat) (1774–1820), American acting Secretary of State
John Graham (Ohio politician) (1802–1851), American politician from Ohio
John A. Graham (1911–1979), Illinois state senator
John H. Graham (1835–1895), U.S. Representative from New York
John Stephens Graham (1905–1976), attorney and political appointee

Elsewhere
John Graham (New Zealand politician) (1843–1926), New Zealand politician
John Graham (Manitoba politician) (1864–1951), politician in Manitoba, Canada
John Graham (Australian politician), member of the New South Wales Legislative Council
John Graham (Nunavut politician), politician in Nunavut, Canada

Religion
John Graham (clergyman) (1774–1844), champion of Protestantism in Ireland
John Graham (bishop) (1794–1865), bishop of Chester, 1845–1865
John Anderson Graham (1861–1942), Scottish vicar and missionary
John Joseph Graham (1913–2000), American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
John Graham of Balfunning (1778–1865), minister of the Church of Scotland and landowner

Sports

Football
Alex Graham (footballer) (1889–1972), sometimes identified as John Graham, Scottish footballer for Arsenal, Brentford, Scotland
John Graham (forward) (1873–?), English footballer who played as a forward for Newton Heath (Manchester United)
John Graham (full back) (1873–1925), English footballer for Millwall, Arsenal, Fulham
John Graham (footballer, born 1926), English footballer for Aston Villa, Wrexham, Rochdale, and Bradford City
Johnny Graham (footballer, born 1857) (1857–1927), Scottish footballer for Preston North End in the 1880s
Johnny Graham (Australian footballer) (1875–1946), Australian rules footballer
Johnny Graham (footballer, born 1945) (1945–2018), Scottish footballer for Falkirk, Hibernian, Ayr United
Johnny Graham (footballer, born 1947), Scottish footballer for Dumbarton
John R. Graham (footballer), English footballer for Newcastle United and Bradford City in the 1900s

Other sports
John Graham Jr. (golfer) (1877–1915), Scottish amateur golfer
John Graham (rugby union) (1935–2017), New Zealand player, administrator, and educator
John Graham (long-distance runner) (born 1956), Scottish marathon runner
John Graham (hurdler) (born 1965), Canadian track and field athlete
John Graham (racing driver) (born 1966), Canadian
John Graham (cricketer) (born 1978), English cricketer

Other
John Graham, Lord Hallyards, Scottish judge murdered in 1592
 John Graham, Sr. (1873–1955), architect and founder of John Graham & Company
John Graham, Jr. (architect) (1908–1991)
John Graham (journalist) (1926–1974), British political journalist and editor
John Graham (Canadian activist) (born 1954), First Nations and AIM activist who murdered opponent
John Graham (policy analyst) (born 1956)
John Graham (economist) (born 1961), American economist and professor
John Benjamin Graham (1814–1876), English settler and investor in South Australia who built "Graham's Castle"
John Gilbert Graham (1932–1957), American mass murderer
John Murray Graham (1809–1881), Scottish historian

See also
Jack Graham (disambiguation)

John Graham


La cova del Manel (cueva del Manel), también llamada Cova nova o Cova roja de la canal de Can Pobla, es la cueva de mayor recorrido del parque natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l'Obac. Se encuentra ubicada en la montaña de La Mola, en el municipio de Matadepera, Barcelona (España). Tiene un recorrido de 788 metros, con un desnivel de 64 metros (+52, -12).

Cavidad muy conocida y frecuentada por excursionistas y aficionados a la espeleología, dado su fácil acceso y su recorrido relativamente fácil.

Historia

La cueva fue descubierta en 1899 por los descendientes del Sr. Antoni Quadras i Feliu, conde de Sant Llorenç del Munt, propietarios del terreno. En aquel tiempo solo se podían recorrer 43 metros, hasta la llamada "Gatera del tubo". En 1911 diversos miembros del Centro Excursionista de Terrassa (C.E.T) tras realizar tareas de limpieza y desobstrucción llegaron al sitio conocido como "Clot dels ossos", con un recorrido total de 168 metros.

En 1948 el Grupo de Exploración Subterránea del Club Montañero Barcelonés (G.E.S.-C.M.B.) descubre tras prologandas exploraciones las chimeneas que conducen al piso superior, y posteriormente (1951) una extensa zona laberíntica, con una serie de galerías en paralelo. El Centro Excursionista Pirenaico (C.E.P) consigue superar en 1952 la zona laberíntica y descubre la sala que posteriormente llevaría su nombre. Cuando el G.E.S.-C.M.B. conoce el nuevo descubrimiento vuelve a la cueva para proseguir la exploración y descubre una nueva e importante galería ("Galería G.E.S. del C.M.B." ) y que en aquella época finalizaba en un sifón ("Pas de les riades").

Tras las trágicas riadas que afectataron al Vallés en 1962 se desobstruyeron  algunos pasos hasta entonces impracticables. Es entonces cuando miembros del Equipo De Exploraciones Subterráneas del Centro Excursionista de la Comarca de Bages (E.D.E.S.-C.E.C.B.)  consigue superar el "Pas de les riades". En semanas posteriores, cuando el nivel del agua baja, continúan avanzando hasta llegar al sitio conocido como "La plancha".

En 1967 tras diversas exploraciones, el G.E.T.I.M de Sabadell descubre una nueva e importante galería y que bautizarían con el nombre del grupo.

Descripción

La entrada de la cueva tiene 5 metros de altura, siendo bastante estrecha, dando paso a la galería de entrada, de 40 metros de longitud. Superado un paso estrecho, la "Gatera del tubo", encontramos una chimenea de 6 metros, que es la primera comunicación con el piso superior.

Un paso estrecho nos lleva a una bifurcación, a la izquierda nos encontramos un complicado laberinto ("Laberinto del caos") y a la derecha continuamos por una galería estrecha, que comunica por dos puntos con el piso superior. Posteriormente llegamos a un resalte de 1.5 metros, llamado "Clot dels ossos", superado este nos encontramos con un nuevo paso al piso superior.

Después de encontrarnos una serie de galerías en paralelo, llegamos a la sala más grande de la cueva, la "Sala C.E. Pirenaico" o " Sala de las banderas", si la remontamos llegamos a la "Galería Datzira". De la sala parte una nueva galería, más grande que las anteriores, la llamada "Galería G.E.S. del C.M.B.", también conocida como "Las ramblas", de 60 metros de recorrido.

Al final de la galería hay un fuerte giro a la izquierda, pero justo delante hay un muy estrecho paso, que es la "Galería C.E.T.I.M", que se puede recorrer durante un rato hasta hacerse impenetrable. Si continuamos por la izquierda nos encontraremos con una galería con mucho barro, y a veces parcialmente inundada, llegando a un paso bajo, llamado "Pas de les riades", poco después hay una bifurcación, a la derecha la "Galería del vent" y a la izquierda la "Galería Sanclimens". A esta última se llega pasando el "Sifó Setmana Santa", paso bastante estrecho, pero que en realidad no sifona. Más adelante nos encontramos con dos altas chimeneas paralelas de unos 70 grados de inclinación, por las que se puede subir hasta alcanzar el punto más alto de la cueva, +52 metros.

Si continuamos por la "Galería del vent", llamada así por la corriente de aire existente, nos encontraremos al principio una pequeña sala llamada "Cavall Bernat", con una chimenea que remonta 24 metros, llamada "Confluencia Cavall Bernat". Prosiguiendo por la galería, al cabo de 40 metros llegamos a un paso estrecho, "Pas de la plancha", que fácilmente sifona, y que nos conduce a la "Sala del llac", pequeña sala de 8 por 4 metros. La galería continúa con mucho barro y agua, hasta hacerse impracticable.

Acceso
Llegados a Matadepera hay que dirigirse a la masía de Can Robert, y  aquí continuar por la pista forestal (pista apta para coches) hasta la masía de Can Pobla. Llegados aquí, cogemos el sendero que sale de enfrente de la masía y que va en dirección a La Mola subiendo por la llamada "canal de Can Pobla", en diez minutos estaremos en la cueva.

Véase también
Sant Llorenç del Munt
Cueva de les Encantades
Cueva del Salnitre
Cuevas del Toll

Notas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Web del parque natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l'Obac Diputación de Barcelona.
 Federación Española de Espeleología
 Federación Catalana de Espeleología

Manel, Cova del

Cova del Manel


Stork B.V. ist ein niederländisches Maschinen- und Anlagenbauunternehmen mit Hauptsitz in Naarden (Gemeinde Gooise Meren) in Nordholland und seit 2015 im Besitz des US-Anlagenbauers Fluor.

Geschichte

Gegründet wurde das Unternehmen unter dem Namen Machinefabriek Gebroeders Stork & Co. im Jahre 1865 in Borne unter der Führung von Charles Theodorus Stork. Dieser betrieb bereits eine kleine Weberei und hatte festgestellt, dass der Bedarf an Textilmaschinen stark zunahm und witterte ein lohnendes Geschäft als Maschinenhersteller. 1868 zog das junge Unternehmen nach Hengelo um.

Im ausgehenden 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert wuchs Stork zu einem der führenden Maschinenbauunternehmen der Niederlande. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs erlangte das Werk in Hengelo Bekanntheit als Ausgangspunkt des sogenannten April-Mai-Streiks gegen die Politik der deutschen Besatzungsmacht.

Im Jahr 1954 fusionierte Stork mit dem niederländischen Maschinen- und Fahrzeugbauunternehmen Werkspoor. Das gemeinsame Unternehmen firmierte danach als Verenigde Machinefabrieken Stork-Werkspoor (kurz VMF). Unter dem Dach der VMF konzentrierte sich Stork auf den Maschinen- und Anlagenbau und Werkspoor auf den Fahrzeugbau.

1968 wurden die Aktivitäten im Bereich Anlagen- und Apparatebau durch die Übernahme des Herstellers Bronswerk gestärkt. Weiterhin wurden die kleineren Unternehmen Nolte (1989) und Comprimo (1994) übernommen. Insgesamt waren die 1960er- bis -90er-Jahre aber eher von einer Absatzkrise im Bereich der Schwerindustrie und von einer starken Reduzierung der Produktionskapazitäten und Arbeitsplatzabbau geprägt.

1992 ging das Unternehmen VMF Stork als Stork N.V. an die Amsterdamer Börse.

1996 übernahm Stork Teile des insolventen Flugzeugherstellers Fokker und führt diese seitdem unter der Firma Fokker Aviation fort.

2007 kam es zu einem Zerwürfnis unter den Anteilseignern, nachdem der Hedgefonds Centaurus and Paulson als Großaktionär einen Strategiewechsel und einen Verkauf von Geschäftsbereichen forderte. In der Folge übernahm der britische Investmentfonds Candover Investments die Aktienmehrheit an Stork. Gleichzeitig wurde der Bereich Lebensmitteltechnik abgestoßen. Unter dem neuen Hauptaktionär zog sich Stork 2008 aus dem offenen Börsenhandel zurück und firmierte von einer Naamloze Vennootschap (NV) in eine Besloten Vennootschap (BV) um.

Seit einer Übernahme für 695 Millionen Euro im Jahr 2015 gehört Stork dem US-Anlagenbauer Fluor.

Produkte und Dienstleistungen

Aktuell
Aktuell (Stand März 2012) gliedert sich das Geschäft von Stork in zwei Bereiche:
Anlagenbau und -service (Stork Technical Services) Planung, Errichtung, Wartung und Instandhaltung von Industrieanlagen, insbesondere in den Branchen Chemie, Energie, Öl und Gas
Luft und Raumfahrttechnik (Fokker Aviation) Ausrüstung und Wartung von Luft- und Raumfahrzeugen

Historisch

Im Laufe seiner 150-jährigen Unternehmensgeschichte hat Stork die verschiedensten Produkte und Dienstleistungen angeboten, darunter:
 Textilmaschinen (Webmaschinen, Spinnmaschinen, Textildruckmaschinen …)
 Dampfmaschinen, Dampfkessel, Feuerungsanlagen
 Verbrennungsmotoren, insbes. Dieselmotoren
 Getriebebau
 Wärmetauscher und andere Apparate
 Kräne und Hebezeuge
 Schienen-, Kraft- und Luftfahrzeuge (siehe Werkspoor und Fokker)
 Schiffe: Schwimmbagger, Schlepper und andere Spezial- und Arbeitsschiffe
 diverse Maschinen und Anlagen für Lebensmittelproduktion, Zuckerfabriken, u. v. a. m.

Weblinks

 Offizieller Internetauftritt

Einzelnachweise

Maschinenbauunternehmen
Anlagenbauunternehmen
Unternehmen (Noord-Holland)
Gooise Meren

Stork (Unternehmen)


Ovacık, Antalya ilinin Elmalı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 107 km, Elmalı ilçesine 41 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Elmalı'nın mahalleleri

Ovacık, Elmalı


Lilja Dögg Alfreðsdóttir (født 4. oktober 1973 i Reykjavík) er en islandsk politiker, der siden november 2017 har været minister for undervisning og kultur i Katrín Jakobsdóttirs regering og medlem af Altinget for Reykjavík Syd kredsen siden valget 28. oktober 2017.

Hun har en bachelorgrad i statskundskab fra Islands Universitet og en MA i internationale relationer med speciale i international økonomisk politik fra Columbia University i USA.

Lilja arbejdede for den internationale valutafond og Islands  nationalbank indtil hun blev ansat som økonomisk rådgiver for tidligere statsminister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson, da han tiltrådte som regeringsleder i 2013. Efter Sigmundur Davíðs afgang som følge af afsløringerne af hans skattelykonti i Panama-papirerne blev hun i april 2016 udnævnt til udenrigsminister i Sigurður Ingi Jóhannssons regering, og i oktober 2016 valgt til Fremskridtspartiets næstformand.

Familie
Lilja er datter af sportsjournalisten Alfreð Þorsteinsson, der har siddet i byrådet i Reykjavík for Fremskridtspartiet og er forhenværende formand for fodboldklubben Fram Reykjavík. Hun er gift med Magnús Óskar Hafsteinsson, der er økonom i finansministeriet. De har to børn sammen.

Noter

Altingsmedlemmer
Politologer fra Island
Ministre fra Island
Personer fra Reykjavik

Lilja Dögg Alfreðsdóttir


Lorran Barreto (Macapá),  é um político brasileiro, filiado ao PSD. Nas eleições de 2022, foi eleito deputado estadual pelo AP.

Deputados estaduais do Amapá
Membros do Partido Social Democrático (2011)
Naturais de Macapá

Lorran Barreto


محمد نادر شاه (9 أبريل 1883 - 8 نوفمبر 1933)، كان ملك أفغانستان في الفترة من 15 تشرين الأول / أكتوبر، 1929 حتى اغتياله في عام 1933.

الوصول إلى السلطة
محمد نادر خان ولد في ديرادون (شمال الهند),والده محمد يوسف خان.جده كان محمد يحيى خان وكان جده الأكبر سلطان محمد خان، شقيق الأمير دوست محمد خان.

دخل الملك محمد نادر خان أفغانستان وهو في سن الثامن عشر عندما سمح لجده محمد يحيى خان بالعودة من المنفى من قبل أمير أفغانستان الأمير عبد الرحمن خان.

في عهد الملك أمان الله خان دخل محمد نادر العسكرية، في عام 1919م بدأت الحرب في أفغانستان وتوجة محمد نادر إلى الجبهة لمحاربة العدو.

وبعد الحرب أصبح لنادر علاقات مع الإنجليز وعلى أثر هذه العلاقات قام الملك أمان الله خان بتعينه سفير في باريس على سبيل النفي لأن الملك يكره الإنجليز والذين يتعاونون معهم.

تطورت علاقة نادر بالإنجليز وزاد كره الإنجليز له ونادر للملك وأصبح التفكير بإزاحته عن عرشه.

في عام 1929م أجبرت بريطانيا الملك أمان الله خان على التنحي والتنازل عن العرش وبالفعل تنازل الملك عن الحكم واستلم الحكم عناية الله شاه لمدة لم تتجاوز ال 3 أيام وبعدها عاد محمد نادر شاه إلى أرض الوطن أفغانستان ليستلم الملك.

اغتياله

في 8 نوفمبر لعام 1933 تم اغتيال الملك على يد شاب يدعى عبد الخالق من انصار الملك المعزول وتم اعدام عبد الخالق.

مراجع

أفغانستان في 1929
أشخاص من دهرادون
أمراء أفغانستان
الحرب الأهلية الأفغانية (1928–1929)
الدولة البركزاية
بشتون
حاصلون على الصليب الأكبر من وسام جوقة الشرف
حكام أفغانستان
سفراء أفغانستان لدى فرنسا
سياسيون أفغان في القرن 20
سياسيون أفغان مغتالون
أفغانستان في عقد 1930
ملكيون أفغان في القرن 20
ملكيون قتلوا في القرن 20
ملوك أفغانستان
مواليد 1300 هـ
مواليد 1883
وفيات 1352 هـ
وفيات 1933
وفيات في كابل (مدينة)

محمد نادر شاه


Kamikaze is the fourth studio album by American rapper Twista. It was released on January 27, 2004, by Atlantic Records. The album reached the top of the US Billboard 200 chart in early 2004, after the success of its lead single, "Slow Jamz". It sold 312,000 units in its first week of sales, and received generally positive reviews from critics. It is Twista's most successful album, being certified Platinum by the RIAA.

Background
On his website, Twista stated that he made Kamikaze to show that he was still true to the ideals that he had when he started out. "I represent for the MCs that have skills, not just make music for the hell of it. I take the time to concentrate. Otherwise, I could have 10 albums out there, easy. I could sit down all day and write something. But I write when I get in a zone more than writing because I've got to do this. I represent the artists that keep it true to what really is, to be able to make rappers want to write."

"I want to show the streets that I'm back and that I'm true to the game. Musically, I want to show that I'm still out here doing my thing. After all the people that were out when I was out years ago fell off, I'm still out here competing with the shorties. I also want to gain platinum success. It's something that I haven't done."

The song "Sunshine" contains the backing track from Lovely Day by Bill Withers.

The song "Overnight Celebrity" contains a sample of the Lenny Williams' 1978 song "Cause I Love You".

Critical reception

The album has a score of 66 out of 100 based on "generally positive reviews". The A.V. Club gave it a favorable review and stated that the album "feels eclectic without stooping to demographics-pandering, though its contradictory elements create a few jarring moments." E! Online gave it a B and said, "Twista still manages to steal the limelight on hot booty-busters like 'Slow Jamz' and 'Pimp On.'" Yahoo! Music UK gave it seven stars out of ten and called it "overlong, like almost every rap album today, and it's not the sort of place to come expecting erudition or insight. But for one singular rapper unwilling and unafraid to stick to his guns, it's a deeply satisfying record." Other reviews are pretty average or mixed: Q gave it three stars out of five and said, "Twista's overshadowed by [Kanye] West, but with jacked-up soul tunes such as 'Overnight Celebrity', the result, who cares?" The Village Voice, however, gave it a mixed review and said that the album "Suggests nothing so much as Adrenaline Rush part two."

Commercial performance
The first single "Slow Jamz" featured Kanye West and Jamie Foxx. It topped the Billboard Hot 100 and world R&B charts in early 2004. Kamikaze built on the success of "Slow Jamz" to reach the top of the Billboard 200 album charts on release in January 2004 and to go Platinum by March 2004. The second single "Overnight Celebrity" had also reached top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and world R&B chart in March 2004. The single "So Sexy" with R. Kelly reached #25 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming a success.

Track listing

Bonus tracks
These songs were included on the re-released version of Kamikaze.

 "So Sexy: Chapter II (Like This)" (featuring R. Kelly)
 "Freek-a-Leek (Remix)" (featuring Petey Pablo & Jermaine Dupri)

"Y'all Know Who", produced by Toxic, was an international bonus track, while "Get Dat Doe", produced by Don Vito, was a bonus track in the UK

Notes
"Pimp On" features additional vocals by Bishop Don Magic Juan and Highbeam.
"Slow Jamz" features additional vocals by Aisha Tyler.
"Overnight Celebrity" features violins by Miri Ben-Ari, keyboards by John Legend, and additional vocals by Kanye West.
"Still Feels So Good" features additional vocals by Ms. Kane.
"Drinks" features additional vocals by Highbeam.
"Badunkadunk" features additional vocals by Jazze Pha.
"So Sexy" features guitars by Greg Landfair, additional keys by Rodney East, and additional vocals by JS.
"Snoopin'" features additional vocals by Danny Boy.
"Hope" features additional vocal production by Mike Caren and a children's choir led by Yvonne Williams
"Sunshine" features additional vocal production by Mike Caren

Sample credits
"Get Me" contains elements from "Here I Am" written by Leon Huff and Cary Gilbert and performed by The Three Degrees.
"Slow Jamz" contains samples from the composition "House Is Not a Home" written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David and performed by Luther Vandross.
"Overnight Celebrity" contains excerpts from the composition "'Cause I Love You" written by Michael Bennett and Lenny Williams and performed by Williams.
"Sunshine" contains elements from "Lovely Day" written by Bill Withers and Skip Scarborough and performed by Withers

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2004 albums
Twista albums
Atlantic Records albums
Albums produced by Jazze Pha
Albums produced by Jermaine Dupri
Albums produced by Kanye West
Albums produced by R. Kelly

Kamikaze (Twista album)


تصنيف بلوم للأهداف التربوية، وضع التصنيف كدليل لمساعدة المربين والمعلمين في تخطيط الأهداف والخبرات التعليمية المدرسية وبنود الاختيارات بصورة هرمية متدرجة الصعوبة، وقد برزت أهمية تصنيف بلوم في مجال تخطيط المناهج الإثرائية للطلبة الموهوبين والمتفوقين، عن طريق التركيز على المستويات الثلاث العليا من مهارات التفكير التي تضم التحليل والتركيب والتقويم، والتي نادراً ما تحظى باهتمام كاف في التعليم. وهنالك برامج تتخذ من تصنيف بلوم إطاراً مرجعياً لتخطيط الخبرات التعليمية للطلبة الموهوبين والمتفوقين. ويوجه تصنيف بلوم أنظار المربين إلى أهمية تقديم الخبرات التعليمية في مستويات متفاوتة الصعوبة حتى تتلائم مع احتياجات المتعلمين والفروق الفردية بينهم. ومع أنه يجري التركيز عادة على المستويات الأدنى للمعرفة الأكاديمية في برامج التعليم العام والتركيز على المستويات العليا من تصنيف بلوم في برامج تعليم الموهوبين والمتفوقين إلا أن البرنامج التربوي الشامل يجب أن لا يقلل من أهمية أي من هذه المستويات.

مستويات بلوم
إن المعرفة في موضوع ما، تشكل مكوناً أساسياً للتفكير في المسائل المتعلقة بهذا الموضوع أو ذات الصلة به. وكما يبدو في الجدول الخاص بتصنيف بلوم للأهداف التربوية أن هناك تداخلاً بين المستويات، وأن الإجادة في المستويات العليا تستلزم بالضرورة سيطرة على المستويات الأدنى.

1- المعرفة

 تذكر مادة سبق تعلمها
 التبصر والحدس. استدعاء الحقائق والأسماء والأمثلة والقواعد
 اكتساب المبادئ والأساليب والنظريات والتضمينات. يعرف، يحدد، يسمى، يعد قائمة، يعين، يزاوج

2- الفهم

 فهم معنى المادة. إعادة صياغة المعلومات بكلمات أو رموز؛ توضيح المعاني.
 تفسير العلاقات.
 استخلاص الاستنتاجات.
 إيضاح الأساليب؛
 استنتاج التضمينات. يميز، يترجم، يعطي أمثلة، يستنتج، يعيد صياغة، يفسر، يعيد كتابة، يلخص، يتعرف على، يحول، يشرح.

3- التطبيق
 استخدام المواد المتعلقة في مواقف جديدة. استعمال القوانين والقواعد والنظريات في مواقف جديدة.
 اختيار المواقف والأساليب. يجرّب، يحسب، يحضر، يستخدم، يبرهن، يشغل، يمارس، ينتج، يتنبأ.

4- التحليل
 تحليل المادة إلى عناصرها من أجل فهم بنائها التنظيمي.
 التعرف على الافتراضات والانماط.
 استنباط الاستنتاجات والفرضيات ووجهات النظر.
 تحليل العلاقات والبراهين، والمسائل وعلاقات السبب والأثر.
 التفريق بين الأفكار والأجزاء. يميز، يفرق، يحدد، يستدل، يقسم، يشغل، يستخدم، يبرهن، يمارس، ينتج، يتنبأ.

5- التركيب
 تجميع الأجزاء لتكوين بناء أو نمط جديد.
 تأليف وإعطاء نواتج.
 اقتراح الأهداف والوسائل.
 تصميم الخطط والعمليات.
 تنظيم المفاهيم والنظريات والمشاريع.
 اشتقاق العلاقات والتعميمات. يبرمج، يؤلف، ينشئ، يعدل، ينظم، يخطط، يعيد تنظيم، يعيد بناء، يراجع، يصمم، يولد، يقترض.

6- التقويم
 إصدار حكم على قيمة المادة بالنسبة لهدف معين. الحكم على الدقة والاتساق والموثوقية في المثيرات.
 تقويم الأخطاء والمغالطات والتنبؤات والوسائل والنهايات.
 مراعاة الفاعلية والمنفعة والمعايير؛
 التفريق بين البدائل وطرق العمل. يقدر، ينقد، يبرز، يدعم، يقوم، يفاضل، يقرر، يناقش، يحرر، يكتسب، توصية، يحكم، يصحح.

وقد أورد بلوم (bloom) قائمة طويلة من المهارات والقدرات الفرعية التي تنطوي تحت مصطلح «التحليل» في التصنيف المذكور.
وقد نظمت هذه القائمة في ثلاث فئات هي: تحليل العناصر وتحليل العلاقات، وتحليل المبادئ التنظيمية أو البنائية للمادة أو النص.
وتضمنت القائمة المهارات والقدرات الآتية:

 التعرف على الافتراضات غير المصرح بها.
 التمييز بين الحقائق والفرضيات.
 التمييز بين المقدمات والنتيجة المترتبة عليها.
 التعرف على الدوافع والتمييز بينها في سلوك الأفراد والجماعات.
 التمييز بين العبارات المتضمنة لحقائق، وتلك الدالة على مبادئ عامة أو أقوال مأثورة.
 إستيعاب العلاقات المتداخلة بين الأفكار الواردة في نص معين.
 التمييز بين علاقات السبب والنتيجة وغيرها من العلاقات.
 القدرة على تحري المغالطات المنطقية في البراهين أو الحجج أو المناقشات.
 التمييز بين العبارات ذات الصلة بالموضوع وتلك التي لا ترتبط به.
 القدرة على التحقق من درجة الإتساق بين الفرضيات والمعلومات المعطاة أو المسلمات.
 التعرف على الحقائق والافتراضات الأساسية بالنسبة لحجة أو برهان أو رأي علمي.
 التعرف على العلاقات السببية والتفصيلات المهمة وغير المهمة في سرد تاريخي.
 التعرف على وجهة نظر الكاتب أو تحيزه في سرد تاريخي.
 القدرة على رؤية الطرائق المستخدمة في المواد الإعلانية والدعائية وغيرها من المواد الهادفة لإقناع الجمهور.
 القدرة على استنتاج هدف الكاتب ووجهة نظره ومشاعره كما تبدو في أعماله.
 القدرة على تمييز الأسلوب أو الشكل والصياغة في إخراج الأعمال الأدبية أو الفنية كوسيلة لفهم معناها.
 القدرة على تحليل العلاقات بين المواد وأساليب الإخراج وبين العناصر والبناء في العمل الفني.

وإذا نظرنا في محتويات هذه القائمة، لوجدنا أن كثيراً منها يرتبط بمهارة التعرف على العلاقات والأنماط، ومهارة التعرف على الأخطاء والمغالطات المنطقية، ومهارات الملاحظة والتفسير والمقارنة والتطبيق والنقد وغيرها بصورة أو بأخرى.
وقد قدمت الباحثة كلارك نموذجاً لتخطيط الخبرات التعليمية في المدرسة يظهر التمايز فيه بين برامج الطلبة المتفوقين وغير المتفوقين من حيث اتساع قاعدة الخبرات في مستويات التفكير العليا في برامج الطلبة المتفوقين مقابل اتساع الخبرات في المستويات الدنيا للطلبة العاديين.
تمايز الخبرات التربوية بالنسبة للطلبة المتفوقين والعاديين حسب تصنيف بلوم

أنظمة تصنيف
علم النفس التربوي

تصنيف بلوم


Canindé es un municipio brasileño del estado del Ceará, localizado en la microrregión de Canindé, mesorregión del Norte Cearense.
Es la ciudad en la cual también se festeja una de las más antiguas fiestas religiosas del Brasil: la Fiesta de São Francisco de las Chagas.

Toponimia
La palabra Canindé viene del tupi-guarani kanindé. Su denominación original era São Francisco das Chagas do Canindé y desde 1914 Canindé.

Geografía

Clima
Tropical caliente semiárido con lluvias concentradas de febrero a abril. La precipitación pluviométrica media anual es de 756 mm. Temperatura máxima de 32 °C y mínima de 24 °C (medias)

Hidrografía y recursos hídricos
Los principales cursos de agua forman parte de la cuenca del río Curu y Metropolitano, siendo los princiapis afluentes los ríos: Canindé, Curu, Choró y los arroyos: de los Grossos, de las Furnas, de la Concepción y otros tantos. Existen también diversas represas.

Subdivisiones
El municipio es dividido en diez distritos: Canindé (sede), Bonito, Caiçara, Capitán Pedro Sampaio, Esperanza, Iguaçu, Ipueiras de los Gomes, Monte Alegre, Salitre y Targinos.

Economía
 Agricultura: algodón herbáceo y arbóreo, banana, maíz, frijol y mamona.
 Ganadería: bovinos, porcinos y avícola.
 Piscicultura

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Ceará

Canindé (Ceará)


Aceasta este o listă de filme produse de industria de film braziliană de la primele filme din anii 1908–1919 până în prezent. Listele sunt ordonate cronologic.

1908–1919
listă de filme braziliene: 1908–1919

Anii 1920
Listă de filme braziliene din anii 1920

Anii 1930
Listă de filme braziliene din anii 1930

Anii 1940
Listă de filme braziliene din anii 1940

Anii 1950
Listă de filme braziliene din anii 1950

Anii 1960
Listă de filme braziliene din anii 1960

Anii 1970
Listă de filme braziliene din anii 1970

Anii 1980
Listă de filme braziliene din anii 1980

Anii 1990
Listă de filme braziliene din anii 1990

Anii 2000
Listă de filme braziliene din 2000
Listă de filme braziliene din 2001
Listă de filme braziliene din 2002
Listă de filme braziliene din 2003
Listă de filme braziliene din 2004
Listă de filme braziliene din 2005
Listă de filme braziliene din 2006
Listă de filme braziliene din 2007
Listă de filme braziliene din 2008
Listă de filme braziliene din 2009

Anii 2010
Listă de filme braziliene din 2010
Listă de filme braziliene din 2011
Listă de filme braziliene din 2012
Listă de filme braziliene din 2013
Listă de filme braziliene din 2014
Listă de filme braziliene din 2015
Listă de filme braziliene din 2016

 braziliene

Listă de filme braziliene


Le Coffre-fort est un film muet français réalisé par Georges Denola, sorti en 1916.

Il s'agit de l'adaptation du roman Le Coffre-fort de J.-H. Rosny aîné, publié par les Éditions Rouff en 1914.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre : Le Coffre-fort
 Réalisation : Georges Denola
 Scénario : Georges Denola d'après le roman de J.-H. Rosny aîné
 Photographie :
 Montage :
 Société de production : Société cinématographique des auteurs et gens de lettres (S.C.A.G.L.)
 Société de distribution : Pathé frères
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue : français
 Métrage :  mètres
 Format : Noir et blanc — 35 mm — 1,33:1 — Muet
 Genre : Film dramatique
 Durée : 34 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
  :

Distribution
 Maud Richard : Rose Vérane
 Henri Bosc : Jacques
 Émile Mylo : Alexandre Vérane
 Henri Collen : Mérangue

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Henri Bousquet, De Pathé frères à Pathé Cinéma (1915-1927), Bures-sur-Yvette, Editions Henri Bousquet, 1994-2004
 Pathé Journal, n° 28
 Ciné-Journal, n° 380/76 du 25 novembre 1916

Articles connexes
 Liste de films français sortis en 1916

Liens externes

 Le Coffre-fort sur le site de la Fondation Jérôme Seydoux-Pathé

Film français sorti en 1916
Film dramatique français
Moyen métrage français
Film français en noir et blanc
Film muet français
Film en français
Film distribué par Pathé
Film réalisé par Georges Denola
Adaptation d'un roman français au cinéma

Le Coffre-fort (film, 1916)


Op art, optik resim olarak da bilinen 1960'ların bir resim akımıdır. Renk, çizgi gibi öğeler göz yanılsamaları yaratmak için kullanılır. Eserler genelde soyut olup, pek çok durumda siyah-beyazdır.

Lekecilik ve hareket resmine karşı gelişen Op-art, sanat yapıtını kurallarla bilimsel olarak düzenlemeye önem vermiştir. Rastlantıya dayanan içgüdüsel otomatik yazı resmi( içgüdüsel-nonfigüratif), bu anlayışın tam karşıtı olmaktadır. Op-art resimde üçüncü boyut etkisini verme eğiliminin soyut sanatta ortaya çıkan şeklidir. Bunun için geometrik biçimler ritmik biçimde düzenlenmiş ve bu biçimler üzerinde renkle model yapılmıştır. Op-art, yeni konstrüktivist, geometrik biçimleme yöntemleriyle akrabadır ve onların olanaklarından geniş olarak yararlanmıştır. Josef Albers ile Vasarely'nin temsil ettiği Op-art, optik aldatmalara dayanan çalışmalara sahiptir. Resim sanatına, aldatıcı bilimsel perspektif resmine itibar etmeyen yeni bir konstrüktivizm ve doğal olmayan yeni bir optik görüntü getirmiştir.

Dış bağlantılar
 "Jesus Rafael Soto"
 "Cruz Diez"
 "Youri Messen-Jaschin Op art"
 "Youri Messen-Jaschin Op art"
 "Julio Le Parc"
 "Zanis Waldheims"

Sanat akımları
Modern sanat

Op sanatı