Antonius Thomas Holkenborg (Lichtenvoorde, Güeldres; 8 de diciembre de 1967), más conocido como Junkie XL o JXL, es un DJ y productor discográfico neerlandés. La XL de su alias se refiere a "Xpanding Limits". Actualmente reside en Estados Unidos.

Biografía
Descubrió la música desde muy pequeño aprendiendo a tocar varios instrumentos como guitarra, bajo, piano, y batería. También fue su primo el que le introdujo en el rock psicodélico de Pink Floyd o King Crimson. Comienza a trabajar en una tienda de música donde empieza a sentir fascinación por el sonido de los nuevos sintetizadores y esa pasión le lleva a participar como multi-instrumentista y productor en el grupo Weekend at Waikiki, inspirado bandas como Talking Heads, Yello o The Clash. Se define como un auténtico productor multi-instrumentista, pero amando por igual el rock y la electrónica. Con sus propios medios elaboraría un L.P. en 1987. En 1993, Holkenborg produjo el segundo álbum de la banda de metal holandés The Gathering, titulado Almost a Dance.
Más tarde la banda se disuelve y Tom forma otra de música industrial con el nombre de Nerve con el vocalista Phil Mills y lanzó dos álbumes de larga duración en 1994 y 1995.
En 1995 edita un LP llamado "Blood and Gold". Mientras tanto, siguió produciendo para bandas metaleras como Sepultura, Fear Factory o la banda punk Dog Eat Dog y también para videojuegos, películas, y publicidades de TV.
La salud le juega una mala pasada antes de embarcarse en el proyecto Junkie XL. Por entonces sus amigos deciden llamarlo Junkie por su adicción a las cuatro paredes del estudio debido a la producción musical. Es entonces cuando empieza a centrarse en la música dance y de clubs que empieza a descubrir a principios de los 90.
En 1997 se hizo acreedor al premio Gran Prix, que se otorgaba en Holanda al mejor productor de música house y en ese mismo año empieza a producir bajo su alias Junkie XL con la edición su álbum debut "Saturday Night Teenage Kick". Su segundo álbum "Big Sounds of the Drags" lanzado en 1999, le devuelve a la psicodelia de los años sesenta, incluyendo voces y experimentando con efectos de guitarra en un experiemento deep pero muy bailable.
Cuando su amigo Sander Kleinenberg pinchó su track "Future In Computer Hell" a Sasha por teléfono, este pidió la inclusión del tema en cuestión en su compilado para el sello Global Underground. Empezaba una relación artística que llevó a Tom a colaborar en el LP denominado "Airdrawndagger".
A partir de aquí empezaría a vincular su sonido con el house progresivo. Como Tom siempre se había definido a sí mismo como una persona "progresiva" por naturaleza llegó a decir entonces que había encontrado su auténtico lugar en la escena electrónica. Pero se alejaría de este sonido parcialmente, cuando en 2002, se atreve a reversionar el clásico "A Little Less Conversation" de Elvis Presley, con la cual empieza a vender masivamente en todo el mundo, obteniendo el número uno en las listas de países como el Reino Unido, Australia y los Países Bajos.
Su tercer trabajo "Radio JXL: A Broadcast From The Computer Hell Cabin" se realiza en Ámsterdam bajo el concepto de emisora pirata virtual: Radio JXL (7 AM Ambient y 7 AM dance). Incluye la participación de grandes figuras como Gary Numan, Robert Smith y Dave Gahan. Se encuentra otro éxito como "Beauty Never Fades" con la colaboración de Saffron en las voces y otra reversión de un clásico, "Don't Wake Up Policeman" originalmente de Peter Tosh.

En abril de 2006, lanzaría su cuarto álbum "Today" de la mano del sencillo homónimo, retornando al sonido progressive. Dos años después, fue el turno de "Booming Back at You". En su quinto álbum encontramos la colaboración destacada de la cantante Lauren Rocket, en los sencillos "More" y "Cities in Dust", otro cover original de Siouxsie And The Banshees. En 2007 se dio tiempo a producir la banda sonora del videojuego SSX Blur

En marzo de 2010 lanzaría un EP denominado "Fairlight" con la colaboración de Jan Hammer y sus últimas producciones hasta el momento es el sencillo "Molly's E" lanzado en formato digital el 23 de agosto de 2011,, "Off The Dancefloor" lanzado en marzo de 2012, y "Gloria" una coproducción con la banda Datarock las cuales están incluidas en su sexto álbum de estudio titulado Synthesized.

En 2013, fue el encargado de componer las bandas sonoras de las películas Paranoia y 300: Rise of an Empire, esta última a estrenada en 2014. También compuso para la próxima película de . En 2015 fue el compositor principal de la película Mad Max: Fury Road y participó en la composición de la banda sonora de Batman v Superman: El origen de Justicia, junto a Hans Zimmer y de la película de 2016 Deadpool.

Discografía

Álbumes de estudio
 Saturday Teenage Kick (1997)
 Big Sounds of the Drags (1999)
 Radio JXL: A Broadcast From the Computer Hell Cabin (2003)
 Today (2006)
 Booming Back at You (2008)
 Synthesized (2012)

Sencillos y EP
 1997: "Def Beat" 12"
 1997: "Billy Club" CDS
 1998: "Saturday Teenage Kick" CDS  #141 (UK)
 1999: "Zerotonine" CDS
 1999: "Action Radius"
 2000: "Love Like Razorblade" CDS
 2000: "Zerotonine (Remix) / Future in Computer Hell (Part 2)" CDS  #63 (UK)
 2000: "Bon Voyage" CDS  #184 (UK)
 2000: "Future in Computer Hell"
 2000: "Dance Valley 2000" CDS
 2002: "Beauty Never Fades" 12" (con Saffron de Republica)
 2002: "A Little Less Conversation"  (vs. Elvis Presley) #1 (GBR), #1 (AUS), #50 (EUA)
 2002: "Breezer" 12" (con Sasha)
 2002: "Obsession" 12" (con DJ Tiësto) #56 (UK)
 2003: "Catch Up To My Step" CDS (feat. Solomon Burke) #40 (BEL), #63 (UK)
 2003: "Don't Wake Up Policeman" CDS (feat. Peter Tosh)
 2003: "Crusher" (con Saffron de Republica) – Canción incluida en Quantum Redshift
 2003: "Red Pill Blue Pill" (from Animatrix OST)
 2004: "Between These Walls" CDS (feat. Anouk) #35 (NL)
 2005: "UR / A Tear In The Open"
 2006: "Today"
 2006: "Neem Mijn Hand" (feat. Henny Vrienten)
 2007: "Colossus of Rhodes" un remix incluido en la banda sonora God of War II
 2007: "Dark Territory"
 2007: "Mushroom"
 2007: "More EP" inspirado en los sonidos del videojuego de arcade Pac-Man, #40 (US) Billboard: Global Dance Track
 2007: "Cities in Dust" cover de Siouxsie & The Banshees
 2009: "Cosmic Rave / Dream On"
 2010: "Fairlight EP"
 2011: "In The Name Of Holy Music"
 2011: "Molly's E"
 2011: "Off The Dancefloor" (feat. Isis Salam)
 2012: "Gloria" (feat. Datarock)
 2013: "Morning Song"

Remixes
 1993 Kong - "Høk"
 1997 Fear Factory – "Burn"
 1997 Fear Factory – "Cyberdyne"
 1997 Fear Factory – "Refueled"
 1997 Fear Factory – "Genetic Blueprint"
 1997 Fear Factory – "Bionic Chronic"
 1997 Dog Eat Dog – "Step Right In"
 1998 3 Colours Red – "Paralyse"
 1998 Project Pitchfork – "Carnival"
 1998 (Hed) P.E. – "Serpent Boy"
 1999 Fear Factory – "Cars"
 1999 Fear Factory – "Descent"
 1999 Kong – "Yèllow Mystiç"
 1999 Soulfly – "Umbabarauma"
 1999 Tanith – "T.A.N.I.T.H."
 2000 DJ Sandy vs. Housetrap – "Overdrive"
 2000 Shanks & Bigfoot – "Sing-A-Long"
 2000 Praga Khan – "Power of The Flower"
 2000 Junkie XL – "Zeronotine"
 2000 Way Out West – "UB Devoid"
 2001 Ayumi Hamasaki – "Vogue"
 2001 Conjure One – "Redemption"
 2002 Natalie Imbruglia – "Beauty On The Fire"
 2002 LL Cool J – "I Need Love"
 2002 Elvis Presley – "A Little Less Conversation"
 2002 Fischerspooner – "Emerge"
 2002 Rammstein – "Feuer frei!"
 2003 Conjure One – "Center of The Sun"
 2003 Syntax – "Pray"
 2003 Dave Gahan – "Dirty Sticky Floors"
 2003 Infusion – "Legacy"
 2003 BT – "Somnambulist (Simply Being Loved)"
 2003 Fear Factory – "Edgecrusher"
 2003 Junkie XL – "Between These Walls"
 2003 Junkie XL – "Angels"
 2003 Mylène Farmer – "XXL"
 2004 Scissor Sisters – "Mary"
 2004 Michael Bublé – "Spider-Man Theme"
 2004 Britney Spears – "Outrageous"
 2004 Beastie Boys – "Fight for Your Right"
 2004 Ryukyu Underground – "Seragaki"
 2004 Pale 3 – "Everyday"
 2004 Sarah McLachlan – "World on Fire"
 2005 Tiësto – "UR"
 2005 Britney Spears – "And Then We Kiss"
 2005 The Crew Cuts – "Sh-Boom"
 2005 The Go-Go's – "Our Lips Are Sealed"
 2005 Culture Club – "I'll Tumble 4 Ya"
 2005 Fatboy Slim – "Weapon of Choice"
 2005 Editors – "Camera"
 2006 Niyaz – "Dilruba"
 2006 Mark Mothersbaugh – "The Sims Theme"
 2006 Coldplay – "Talk"
 2006 Scissor Sisters – "Land of a Thousand Words"
 2006 Yonderboi – "People Always Talk About The Weather"
 2006 UNKLE – "Burn My Shadow"
 2007 melody. – "Feel The Rush"
 2007 Avril Lavigne – "Girlfriend"
 2007 Junkie XL – "Colossus of Rhodes"
 2007 Justin Timberlake – "What Goes Around..."
 2007 Britney Spears – "Gimme More"
 2008 Junkie XL – "Not Enough"
 2008 Madonna feat Justin Timberlake – "4 Minutes"
 2008 Eagles of Death Metal – "Don't Speak"
 2008 Bloc Party – "Sunday"
 2008 Jape – "I Was A Man"
 2008 Tom Jones – "Feels Like Music"
 2008 Lisa Miskovsky – "Still Alive"
 2009 Nami Tamaki Album – Tamaki Nami Reproduct Best (All Remixed Songs)
 2008 Sensation – "Ocean of White"
 2010 Crookers feat. Yelle – "Cooler Couleur"
 2010 Hans Zimmer – Inception
 2010 Daft Punk – The Grid
 2011 NightWaves – "Fascination"
 2012 The Dark Knight Rises – "Bombers Over Ibiza"

Apariciones
Apariciones en bandas sonoras
 The Delivery (2001) - Compositor
Nate The Animals (2001) Música adicional
 Resident Evil (2002) - Música adicional
 Superman Must Die (2002) - Música adicional
 The Animatrix (2003) - Música adicional
Professor Genki: Entourage (2003) Música adicional
Hitman (2004) Música adicional
 The Chronicles of Riddick: Dark Fury (2004) - Música adicional
 El espantatiburones (2004) - Música adicional
 Domino (2005) - Música adicional
 Blind (2006) - Compositor
 Siberia (2007) - Compositor
 Johan1 (2010) - Compositor
 De Gelukkige Huisvrouw, The Happy Housewife (2010) - Compositor
 Megamind (2010) - Compositor
 Bringing Up Bobby (2011) - Compositor
 New Kids (2011) - Compositor
 New Kids Turbo (2011) - Compositor
 The Heineken Kidnapping (2011) - Compositor
 The Crisis and Us (2011) - Compositor
 Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011) - Música adicional
 Madagascar 3 (2012) - Compositor, música adicional
 Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012) - Arreglos adicionales
 The Dark Knight Rises (2012) - Compositor,  música adicional
 El hombre de acero (2013) - Compositor,  música adicional
 G.I. Joe: Retaliation (2013) - Música adicional
 Paranoia (2013) - Compositor
 300: Rise of an Empire (2014) - Compositor
 The Amazing Spider-Man 2: Rise of Electro (2014) – Cocompositor junto a Hans Zimmer, acreditados como The Magnificent Six
 Divergente (2014) - Compositor
 Run All Night (2015) - Compositor
 Mad Max: Fury Road (2015) - Compositor
 Black Mass (2015) - Compositor
 Point Break (2015) - Compositor
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) - Compositor (solo para el personaje de Batman, y Hans Zimmer compone para Superman)
Deadpool - Compositor (2016)
La Torre Oscura - Compositor (2017)
Tomb Raider - Compositor (2018)
Mortal Engines - Compositor (2018)
Alita: Battle Angel - Compositor (2019)
Terminator: Dark Fate - Compositor (2019)
Sonic, la película - Compositor (2020)
Zack Snyder's Justice League - Compositor (2021)
Godzilla vs. Kong - Compositor (2021)
Furiosa (2024) - Compositor

Incluidos en videojuegos
 The Need for Speed (1995)
 Wrecage Cars (1997)
 Test Drive 5 (1998)
 Need for Speed: High Stakes (1999)
 Demolition Racer: No Exit (2000)
 Gran Turismo 3 (2001)
 Quantum Redshift (2002)
 EVE Online (2003)
 Need for Speed: Underground (2003)
 The Sims 2: Nightlife (2005)
 Forza Motorsport (2005)
 Destroy All Humans! (2005)
 Burnout Revenge (2005)
 Burnout Legends (2005)
 The Matrix: Path of Neo (2005)
 Infected (2005)
 Need for Speed: Carbon (2006)
 Dance Dance Revolution SuperNova 2 (2007)
 God of War II (2007)
 SSX Blur (2007)
 FIFA 08 (2007)
 Need for Speed: ProStreet (2007)
 Tap Tap Dance (2008)
 Burnout Paradise (2008)
 FIFA 09 (2008)
 FIFA Street 3 (2008)
 Mirror's Edge (2008)
 The Sims 3 (2009) – Composer
 The Sims 3: Late Night (2010)
 Saints Row The Third (2011)
 Darkspore (2011) – Compositor
 Mass Effect 3 - Citadel DLC - 2012Apache Overdose Gangstar IV'' (2013)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Artistas de Entertainment One Music
Disc jockeys de música electrónica
Disc jockeys de los Países Bajos
Productores discográficos de los Países Bajos
Compositores de bandas sonoras de los Países Bajos
Compositores de bandas sonoras de videojuegos
Músicos de música electrónica
Remixers
Intérpretes número uno de Los 40 Principales de España

Junkie XL


Stockholms domkyrkodistrikt er et svensk folkeregisterdistrikt i Stockholms kommune og Stockholms län.

Distriktet ligger dels i den centrale del af Stockholms innerstad, dels i den sydlige del af Norrmalm samt i den nordlige del af Södermalm, og distriktet blev opretter den 1. januar 2016.

Distriktet omfatter bl.a. bydelene Gamla stan og Riddarholmen.

I distriktet ligger Storkyrkan, som er hovedstadens domkirke, Klara Kirke (Klara kyrka), der drives af Evangeliska Fosterlandsstiftelsen, og Jacobs kyrka ved Kungsträdgården på Norrmalm.

Folkebogføringsdistrikter i Stockholms län

Stockholms domkyrkodistrikt


Frumusețea diavolului (titlul original: în ) este un film dramatic franco-italian, realizat în 1950 de regizorul René Clair după romanul Faust de Goethe ai cărui protagoniști sunt Michel Simon și Gérard Philipe. Coloana sonoră a filmului este semnată de Roman Vlad care a fost premiată cu "Panglica de argint".

Conținut

Distribuție

Premii și nominalizări
 1950 - Nastro d'argento
 Cea mai bună coloană sonoră lui Roman Vlad pentru întrega sa operă
 Cea mai bună scenografie lui Aldo Tommasini și Léon Barsacq
 Cel mai bun actor străin lui Michel Simon
 1951 - Premii BAFTA
 Nominalizare pentru Cel mai bun film
 1952 - National Board of Review
 Cel mai bun film străin

Vezi și
 Listă de filme străine până în 1989

Legături externe

Filme din 1950
Filme dramatice
Filme în limba italiană
Filme în limba franceză
Filme regizate de René Clair

Frumusețea diavolului


Çaltucak, Sinop ilinin Durağan ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Yerleşimin adı, 1487 yılı kayıtlarında Burma ya da Çaltucak olarak geçmektedir. 1987 yılında Yağbasan köyüne bağlı bir mahalle olarak görünen yerleşim, daha sonraki yıllarda buradan ayrılarak köy statüsü kazandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 160 km, Durağan ilçe merkezine 35 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Durağan belde ve köyleri

Çaltucak


Chata Kalikapur (en bengalí: ছোট কালিকাপুর ) es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de 24 Parganas sur, estado de Bengala Occidental.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 4  a 24 km de la capital estatal, Calcuta, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 23 684 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bengala Occidental

Chata Kalikapur


Divan je planina u BiH, u Bosni.

Najviši vrh visok je 1605 metara. Negdje mjerenja pokazuju 1598 metara. Pruža se u smjeru istok - zapad. Zapadno je rijeka Rika koja se kod Gračanice ulijeva u Ramu. Rika teče s obronaka Divana. Južno je Studena planina, sjeverno je Zec planina, istočno je Bitovnja i Vitreuša.

Izvori

Planine u Bosni i Hercegovini

Divan (planina)


Mato Moguš (Generalski Stol, 2. svibnja 1912. – Otočac, 1946.), hrvatski katolički svećenik, pristaša Nezavisne Države Hrvatske, osuđen na smrt od strane komunističkih vlasti nakon Drugog svjetskog rata.

Životopis
Rodio se je u Generalski Stol od oca Josipa i majke Barbare, rod. Pavletić. U Senju završio gimnaziju i studij teologije. Zaredio se je za svećenika 1935. godine. U Jelenju je bio kapelan, zatim upravitelj župe u Podlapcu, Udbini i Borićevcu. Prije rata radio je mnogo na promicanju vjere i hrvatstva, što mu lički velikosrbi nisu nikad zaboravili.
Kad je pala tamnica hrvatskog naroda, velikosrpska monarhofašistička Kraljevina Jugoslavija u kojoj su ličko-krbavski Hrvati osobito trpili strašne progone, radosno je dočekao uspostavu hrvatske države, za kojom su Hrvati tako žudili. Novoosnovanu NDH doživio je kao ispunjenje sna svojih župljana i nije ni mogao pomisliti kakve će stvari biti u marionetskoj državi pod totalitarnim režimom. Želio je svima pomoći te se kao osvjedočeni Hrvat povezao se s općinskim vlastima nove hrvatske države. No ta je općina bila Udbina, koju su velikosrbi imali na piku.

Poslije rata su mu predbacivali su mu da je lipnja 1941. na Poglavnikov imendan pohvalno govorio o poglavniku, a da bude još gore, a jugokomunistički sud mu je poslije predbacio da je bio odgovoran za "masovni pokolj srpskoga naroda" u Udbini. A naprotiv, baš su velikosrbi u Udbini masovno poklali hrvatski narod, tako da je Hrvata u Udbini od prijeratne dvije tisuće 1945. gotovo sve nestalo. Ako Hrvati nisu bili pobijeni, raspršeni su, tako da u Udbini uopće nije bilo potrebe za župnikom i posljedica je bila da cijelo vrijeme u jugokomunističkoj Jugoslaviji bilo je cementirano etničko čišćenje i od 1945. – 1990., Udbina nije imala ni župnika, ni crkvu, ni župni stan i nijednog Hrvata, sve do Oluje, kada su u nju došli prognani Hrvati iz Bosne. "Masovni pokolj Srba" kojim su teretili Moguša uopće nije bio, nego se utvrdilo da je stradao jedan žandar Crnogorac koji je poginuo negdje u blizini. Štaviše, vlč. Moguš povukao se studenoga 1941., nakon što su partizani, četnici i domaći Srbi zajedno napali Udbinu i ubili mnoge Hrvate, a većina ih se nakon toga u noći pred sv. Luciju 1942. povukla iz opkoljene Udbine.

Godine 1941. imenovan je župnikom u Grižanama, gdje se distancirao od hrvatske vlasti i u nju se nije miješao. Bio je otvoren za suradnju s partizanima koji su svako malo upadali iz šume, i Moguš je s njima nastojao biti korektan. Sve vrijeme do kraja rata koje je proveo u župi Grižane baš ništa mu se nije moglo predbaciti.

Nakon zauzimanja Gospića i ulaska u grad 4. travnja 1945., partizani su u dvije godine u Gospiću i neposrednoj okolici gradića, na razne načine ubili više od 3500 nevinih osoba. Ista sudbina snašla je i Moguša. Poslije rata su ga uhitili dok je išao putem od škole do župnoga stana. Odveli su ga u gospićku kaznionicu. Sa skupinom Hrvata iz Udbine u lički velikosrbi mučili su ga.
Odveli su ga pred sud. Sudili su mu u Okružnom narodnom sudu u Gospiću. Optužbe su bile užasne: da je bio ustaški povjerenik za kotar Udbinu, organizirao ustašku miliciju s kojom je razoružavao bivšu jugoslavensku vojsku, da je zapovijedao uhićivanje Srba "koji su redovno poslije uhićivanja bili ubijani", da je pljačkao imovinu ubijenih Srba, da je pozivao i tjerao srpski narod da se prekrsti, da je održavao javno i masovno sastanke pozivajući hrvatski narod da masovno pristupa ustaškom pokretu i "povede borbu za istrebljivanje Srba u Hrvatskoj". Osudili su na kaznu smrti strijeljanjem, konfiskaciju cjelokupne imovine i trajan gubitak političkih i građanskih prava. Mještani su pisali zamolbu za njegovo pomilovanje, ali uzaludno. U Otočcu su svjedoci vidjeli kako župnika Moguša i druge osuđene odvoze na gubilište u Udbinu. Svezani Moguš je s kamiona zamolio kateheta vlč. Josipa Benića koji se našao u blizini da ga ispovijedio, što je i učinio. Jugokomunistički krvnici su ga ubili 1946. godine. Objesili su ga u Udbini, na brijegu pred crkvom. Osam je dana visio obješen. Moguš je stradao jer se našao na putu onima koji su namjeravali etnički očistiti Liku i Krbavu od Hrvata te zatrti ikakvi trag postojanja Hrvata u tim krajevima. Osuđen je potpuno nevin i smaknut jer se našao među najzloglasnijim Srbima u cijeloj Lici, a osobito zbog djelovanja u Udbini, koja je temeljito etnički očišćena od Hrvata, i za cijelo vrijeme komunističke Jugoslavije Srbi nisu dali obnoviti župnu crkvu u Udbini.

Vidi
Nikola Mašić, svećenik
Bruno Vernazza, svećenik
Fran Binički, svećenik, hrv. pisac, filozof, prevoditelj, novinar, polemičar i esejist
Žarka Ivasić, časna sestra

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Žrtve partizanskih progona katoličkih svećenika u Drugom svjetskom ratu i poraću
Udbina

Mato Moguš


Întoarcerea în paradis este un film românesc din 1997 regizat de Gheorghe Preda. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Sevil Baubec, Mihai Mihalcea.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1997 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1997

Întoarcerea în paradis


White Tower may refer to:

Geography and history
 White Tower or Tower of the Forty Martyrs, Mamluk minaret of the White Mosque, Ramla, Israel
 White Tower of Thessaloniki, a monument and museum in Greece
 White Tower of Tehran, Iran
 White Tower of Tsarskoye Selo, landscape architecture element in Tsarskoye Selo, Russia
 White Tower (Tower of London), a central tower in the Tower of London, United Kingdom
White Tower (Brixen), bell tower dated back to the 15th century, Brixen, Italy
 The White Tower (British Columbia), a Canadian Rockies mountain named after the tower in the Tower of London
 The White Tower (Czech Republic), a 16th-century tower in the city of Hradec Králové
 Lotrščak Tower, a 13th-century fortress in Zagreb, Croatia nicknamed "the White Tower"
 Sarkel, a fortress in Russia renamed in 965 A.D. to Belaya Vezha (White Tower)
 Tower of Kamyanyets, often called Belaya Vezha (White Tower)
 Aħrax Tower, a tower in Malta often called Torri l-Abjad (White Tower)

Literature
 The White Tower (Ullman novel), a 1945 novel by James Ramsey Ullman
 Shiroi Kyotō (The White Tower), a 1965 novel by Toyoko Yamasaki
 The White Tower (Johnston novel), a 2003 novel by Dorothy Johnston
 The White Tower of Minas Tirith in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth
 White Tower (Wheel of Time), the headquarters of the Aes Sedai in the Wheel of Time series

Film and television
 The White Tower (film), a 1950 film based on the 1945 novel
 Shiroi Kyotō (The White Tower), a 1966 Japanese film based on the 1965 novel of the same name
 White Tower (film), a 2004 Chinese film
 White Tower (TV series), a 2007 South Korean TV drama based on the 1965 Japanese novel

Other uses
 White Tower Hamburgers, a restaurant chain

See also
 White Minaret
 Weißer Turm (disambiguation)

White Tower


Abaiang, also known as Apaiang, Apia, and in the past, Charlotte Island, in the Northern Gilbert Islands, is a coral atoll of Kiribati, located in the west-central Pacific Ocean.  Abaiang was the island of the first missionary to arrive in the Gilberts, Hiram Bingham II. Abaiang has a population of 5,872 (2020 census).

Geography
Abaiang Atoll is in the northern Gilberts, located not very far to the north of Tarawa.  Abaiang is the fourth most northerly in the Gilberts chain of atolls, with a total land area of . The atoll has a lagoon  that provides sheltered anchorage.

The main island of Abaiang, Teiro (not to be confused with the small islet of Teirio) has a total land area of  extends from the northern village of Takarano to the southern village of Tabontebike. It occupies the complete eastern rim and also encircles the southern part of the atoll, stretching over a distance of some  Its width ranges from no more than  to more than , averaging . It contains 16 of the 18 villages of the atoll. Two other islets, Riboono  and Nuotaea  are also inhabited.  The remaining islets of Abaiang but Taete, with a land area of  are mainly uninhabited, with lack of water and remoteness from the mainland being the main issues. They however are used for fishing, copra cutting and campsites. The islets of Ouba and Teirio have had small motels built on them, with staff travelling from the mainland of Abaiang and from Tarawa when guests are expected.

In the southwest of Abaiang there is a channel, the Bingham Channel, which is the basic conjunction between the lagoon and the Pacific. The channel is between the biggest island of Abaiang (in the east) and a very little island in the southwest of Abaiang called Teirio.

Effects of climate change
Global warming has created a problem for Abaiang and Kiribati, among other island groups. Houses in Tebunginako village have been abandoned. As storm surges becoming more frequent and spring tides more forceful, eventually the erosion was so great that the village had to be abandoned. The remains of about 100 thatched homes and a maneabe (community meeting hall) are now up to  offshore. The villagers relocated themselves further inland, with the new village retaining the same name.

Villages
In the 2010 Census the total population of 5,502 was spread among 18 villages, with the largest villages being Nuotaea (559 inhabitants) and Tuarabu (560 inhabitants).

Economy

Relative to other islands of Kiribati, Abaiang has some important economic advantages.  Its large lagoon supports a striking diversity of coral and fish species, providing plentiful seafood to the local population and attracting tourists to the island from nearby South Tarawa.  While the island is prone to drought, in normal years the rainfall is sufficient to support breadfruit, banana and papaya as well as the ubiquitous coconut.  The closeness of Abaiang to Tarawa also facilitates a significant, though largely informal, trade in local food of all types.

However like all outer islands of Kiribati, Abaiang is basically a subsistence economy, with a small number of jobs, mainly working for the Government or Island Council.  Other sources of income are copra production, and remittances from relatives working in South Tarawa, as crew on international vessels, or overseas.

Climate change has forced a change, as milkfish are not as common and plant life is dying off to the increased salt in the water table.

Regional support for organic farming

The island of Abaiang has committed to having 100% of its farm agriculture produced organically. Another Pacific island to have made this commitment is Cicia in Fiji.

Schools
There are ten primary schools on Abaiang, with a combined roll of 985 students in 2011.

At the secondary school level, in 2011 there were 212 students at the Ministry of Education school, Ueen Abaiang, which is located between the villages of Koinawa and Aonobuaka. A further 135 students are enrolled at St Joseph's College in Tabwiroa and 23 students at Steven Whitmee High School in Morikao, making 370 secondary school students in total. The two high schools at Morikao and Tabuiroa accommodate students from all over Kiribati who have passed the entrance examinations to get into the schools.

History

By tradition, the first inhabitants of Abaiang Island were known to be spirits, some of them created in Samoa and some in Abaiang. Years passed by and then Pacific Islanders came along followed then by the arrival of Thomas Gilbert, then Reverend Dr. Bingham and his team in 1857, international traders, beachcombers, whalers and even blackbirders. Colonizers then came along and hoisted the Union Jack on the island.

The first European to document the island was Thomas Gilbert in 1788. He named the island Matthew's Island, named for the owner of his ship, the Charlotte. Subsequently, errors changed the name to Charlotte Island. Then the first missionary to live in Kiribati arrived at Abaiang on 16 November 1857. He was Hiram Bingham II of the American Board, a Boston-based missionary group. This Hiram Bingham was the son of Hiram Bingham I who was one of the first and most influential missionaries to Hawaii. Hiram Bingham II and his wife were accompanied to Abaiang by Hawaiian pastor Joel Hulu Mahoe and his wife. Bingham landed at the village of Koinawa and a memorial was erected at the spot during the centennial celebrations in 1957.

During World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the island from December 1941 to November 1943. It was captured by the U.S. military and used as an offensive staging base.

Main sights
Abaiang Post Office opened around 1910.

The Catholic community also has strong ties to Abaiang and completed the building of the imposing Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, also at Koinawa village, in October 1907. This work was done under the supervision of a priest from Belgium who was given the local name of Father Ioane. He lived and worked so long on Abaiang and became so well loved that the village of Borotiam was named in honour of his home country Belgium (Borotiam being the local vernacular for Belgium). This church celebrated its centennial in 2007 with a fresh paint job and a celebration whose special guest was the current President.

The foremost institution of Abaiang is St. Josephs College. The Principal during the country's silver jubilee celebrations was Paul Chilton, a British migrant. St. Joseph's College was founded in 1939. In the past 65 years it has gone from strength to strength and is now a leading centre for learning in Kiribati. Its alumni include both current President His Excellency Anote Tong, and previous incumbent Teburoro Tito.

Visiting Abaiang

Transport
The atoll is served by Abaiang Atoll Airport, situated between the villages of Tabwiroa and Tuarabu. Air Kiribati operates three flights a week that connect Abaiang with Marakei and the international airport at South Tarawa.

There are also regular speedboats and boat charters available from South Tarawa to Abaiang.

Distances
 To Marakei atoll:  (over sea)
 To Tarawa atoll:  (over sea)
 To South Tarawa (national capital, on Tarawa):  (over sea)

Accommodation
There are three guesthouses on Abaiang. The Island Council guest house is situated in Taburao village and welcomes tourists as well as providing accommodation for Government workers and other travellers.  "Ouba Islet Resort" is an eco-tourism resort on Ouba island in the north-western perimeter of the atoll, which has been operating since July, 2006.  "Teiria Islet Beach Escape" is a small resort on the islet of Teiria.

In popular culture
Abaiang inspired the Italian comic book creator Hugo Pratt to imagine the fictional island of Escondida. It appears in his comic book story of Corto Maltese: The Ballad of the Salty Sea.

References

Sources

External links

 Exhibit: The Alfred Agate Collection: The United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842 from the Navy Art Gallery

Gilbert Islands
Atolls of Kiribati

Abaiang


In vector calculus, a Laplacian vector field is a vector field which is both irrotational and incompressible.  If the field is denoted as v, then it is described by the following differential equations:

From the vector calculus identity  it follows that

that is, that the field v satisfies Laplace's equation.

However, the converse is not true; not every vector field that satisfies Laplace's equation is a Laplacian vector field, which can be a point of confusion. For example, the vector field  satisfies Laplace's equation, but it has both nonzero divergence and nonzero curl and is not a Laplacian vector field.

A Laplacian vector field in the plane satisfies the Cauchy–Riemann equations: it is holomorphic.

Since the curl of v is zero, it follows that (when the domain of definition is simply connected) v can be expressed as the gradient of a scalar potential (see irrotational field) φ :

Then, since the divergence of v is also zero, it follows from equation (1) that

which is equivalent to

Therefore, the potential of a Laplacian field satisfies Laplace's equation.

See also
 Potential flow
 Harmonic function

Vector calculus

Laplacian vector field


Feria, l'éclat des ténèbres (,  « Feria : La lumière la plus sombre ») est une série télévisée espagnole en huit épisodes d'environ  créée par Agustín Martínez et Carlos Montero et mise en ligne le  sur Netflix.

Synopsis
À Feria, village d'Andalousie, au milieu des années 1990, deux jeunes sœurs, Eva et Sofía (Ana Tomen et Carla Campra), partent au soir rejoindre leurs amis à la fête de la Saint-Jean. Au retour, après leur réveil en plein après-midi, leurs parents sont injoignables. Les forces policières surgissent dans leur maison : les filles sont effrayées. Le lieutenant Guillén () leur demande où sont les parents. Il s'explique que leurs parents ont disparu, et qu'ils ont commis un crime faisant  près de la mine abandonnée…

Distribution

Production

Attribution des rôles
En , on apprend que Marta Nieto, Ana Tomeno, Carla Campra, Ángela Cremonte, Patricia López Arnaiz, Isak Férriz et Ernest Villegas font partie de la distribution de cette série.

Tournage

Le tournage commence le  à Minas de Riotinto, dans la province de Huelva, et le  au village de Zahara de la Sierra, dans la province de Cadix.

Le village a ressenti un soulagement concernant l'économie et le tourisme grâce à la présence de l'équipe du tournage, en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19 en Espagne.

Fiche technique

 Titre original :
 Titre français : Feria, l'éclat des ténèbres
 Création : Agustín Martínez et Carlos Montero
 Casting : Irene Roqué
 Musique :
 Réalisation : Jorge Dorado et Carles Torrens
 Scénario : Agustín Martínez, Carlos Montero et Mikel Santiago
 Direction artistique : Marc Estrugo
 Décors : Dídac Bono
 Costumes : Eva Camino
 Photographie : David Acereto et Manel Aguado
 Montage : Dani Arregui, Carlos Egea, Domi Parra et Luis Calvo
 Production exécutive : Agustín Martínez et Carlos Montero
 Production associée : Ernesto Chao et Xavier Resina
 Société de production : Filmax
 Société de distribution : Netflix
 Pays de production : Espagne
 Langue originale : espagnol
 Format : couleur
 Genre : Thriller fantastique
 Nombre de saisons : 1
 Nombre d'épisodes : 8
 Durée :
 Date de première diffusion :  sur Netflix

Épisodes
 Le Lac rouge ()
 Babylone ()
 Offrande ()
 Le Temple ()
 Le Dieu du feu ()
 Feria de sang ()
 L'Apocalypse selon Pablo ()
 Le Roi solitaire ()

Accueil
La série télévisée est diffusée le , et rentre dans le top 10 de Netflix, en Espagne, lors de sa première semaine à la sixième place, avant de se disparaitre du classement. Quant à l'étranger, elle se classe à la septième position des séries non anglophones avec .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Centre d'entraînement pour l'émanation de l'énergie atma
 Secte

Bibliographie
 .

Liens externes

Série télévisée créée en 2022
Série télévisée espagnole des années 2020
Série télévisée de Netflix
Série télévisée dramatique
Série télévisée se déroulant en Espagne
Série télévisée se déroulant dans les années 1990
Série télévisée en espagnol

Feria, l'éclat des ténèbres


Night Trap is a 1992 interactive movie developed by Digital Pictures and published by Sega for the Sega CD. Presented primarily through full-motion video (FMV), Night Trap tasks the player to observe teenage girls having a sleepover visiting a house which, unbeknownst to them, is infested with vampires. The player watches live surveillance footage and triggers traps to capture anyone endangering the girls. The player can switch between different cameras to keep watch over the girls and eavesdrop on conversations to follow the story and listen for clues.

The Night Trap concept originated in a 1986 prototype game developed by Axlon to demonstrate their Control-Vision game console to Hasbro. The system used VHS tape technology to present film-like gaming experiences. With the system picked up by Hasbro, the production of Night Trap commenced. The video footage was recorded in 1987, followed by six months of editing and game programming. Hasbro suddenly canceled the Control-Vision in 1989, which prompted the game's executive producer, Tom Zito, to purchase the film footage and found Digital Pictures to complete Night Trap. Night Trap was eventually released in October 1992 as the first interactive movie on the Sega CD.

Night Trap received mixed reviews; critics praised the B movie-esque quality, humor, and video animation, but criticized the gameplay as shallow. The game was one of the principal subjects of a 1993 United States Senate committee hearing on violent video games, along with Mortal Kombat. Night Trap was cited during the hearing as promoting gratuitous violence and sexual aggression against women, prompting toy retailers Toys "R" Us and Kay-Bee Toys to pull the game from shelves that December, and Sega to cease producing copies in January 1994. The Senate hearing led to the creation of the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB), the North American video game ratings board still used today.

After the controversy subsided, Night Trap was ported to other consoles, including the 32X, 3DO Interactive Multiplayer, MS-DOS, and Mac OS. It was re-released in 2017 and 2018 for eighth-generation consoles to mark its 25th anniversary. Retrospective reviews of Night Trap were negative, owing to FMV's aging appeal as a game medium, and it has been cited as one of the worst video games of all time.

Gameplay

Night Trap is an interactive movie video game that uses full motion video (FMV) to present the story and gameplay. The player is instructed by the in-game police squad to watch live surveillance footage of the Martin household and trigger traps to capture anyone that is seen endangering the house guests. Cameras are situated in eight locations in and around the house: the entryway, living room, kitchen, bedroom, bathroom, driveway, and two hallways. A map is available as well so the player can see how the rooms are connected. The player can freely switch between viewing the different cameras to keep up with house activities and pick up clues from conversations. Kelli, an undercover agent, will also provide clues to the player. The player must avoid trapping her, any other agent, or the house guests.

When someone is within range of a trap, a sensor bar will move into a red zone. Activating the trap at this moment will capture them. If the trap is activated when the bar is not in the red zone, the trap will not work and will become disabled for a short period of time. The traps will also only work if the access code is correct. There are six possible access codes, and the player can eavesdrop on conversations to find out when the Martins change the code. When a new code is learned, the player must wait until the speaker leaves the room before changing the access code to the correct color to maintain control of the traps. Counters on the screen indicate how many perpetrators have entered the house and how many have been captured.

Cast

 Dana Plato as Kelli
 Tracy Matheson as Cindy
 Debra Parks as Lisa
 Allison Rhea as Ashley
 Christy Ford as Megan
 Jon Rashad Kamal as Victor Martin
 Marion "Molly" Starr as Sheila Martin
 Suzy Cote as Sarah Martin
 Andras Jones as Jeff Martin
 Giovanni Lemm as Tony
 William Bertrand as Eddie

Plot
The opening exposition to Night Trap is presented to the player by Cmdr. Simms of the Sega Control Attack Team (S.C.A.T.) on Sega CD, or Special Control Attack Team in other versions. He explains that the team was alerted to the disappearance of five teenage girls who were last seen at the Martin winery estate. The Martin family consists of Victor Martin, his wife Sheila, their children Jeff and Sarah, and cousin Tony. The missing girls were reportedly invited to stay for the night. Police questioned the Martin family, but they claimed the girls had left safely, and they refused to let the police search the property. The police then handed over the case to S.C.A.T., which investigated the house and discovered a series of traps, security cameras, and an operational unit in the basement to control the apparatus. The S.C.A.T. agents spliced an override cable onto the control system and connected it to a control panel in the back hallway of the house. The player is given the role of an internal S.C.A.T. operative charged with controlling the traps and cameras from this back hallway.

Five more teenage girls head towards the estate, Kelli, Ashley, Lisa, Cindy, and Megan. S.C.A.T. has placed agent Kelli Medd within the group as an undercover agent. The girls are not aware of her true identity. Also with the girls is Danny, Lisa's younger brother. The house is invaded by Augers, vampiric beings that need blood to survive. The Martin family themselves are full vampires. The following events and the ending vary widely depending on which characters the player saves from the Augers.

Development

Concept
Rob Fulop, developer of Demon Attack (1982) and other Atari games, began working with Atari founder Nolan Bushnell at his company Axlon shortly after the video game crash of 1983. James Riley was also working with Bushnell at the time on a series of interactive retail advertising campaigns. Riley received a call from Fulop, his neighbor, who explained that an engineer presented an interesting device to another one of Bushnell's employees, Tom Zito. The system used VHS technology to create movie-like gaming experiences and allowed four video tracks to be played simultaneously. The team dubbed this system "NEMO" (Never Ever Mention Outside).

Zito wanted to put together some demos to present the technology to Hasbro. Riley wanted to create an environment the player could move freely about, leading to the idea of surveillance cameras. Fulop and Riley were inspired by the play Tamara (1981) which ran parallel stories running in 13 different rooms. The audience would need to decide for themselves which stories they wanted to follow. Fulop and Riley watched the play three times over the course of a weekend in 1985. Fulop and Riley liked the design model and thought it would make a good basis for an interactive media experience. A prototype game titled Scene of the Crime was produced to demonstrate the new technology to Hasbro and test the surveillance camera gameplay. It was a short five-minute demo where the player follows suspicious characters around a house to find who stole a stash of money. The player switches between cameras to observe the characters and eavesdrop on their conversations; all the characters have a plot to steal the money. At the end of the game, the player must guess who stole the money. In December 1986, the team flew to Hasbro headquarters in Pawtucket, Rhode Island and pitched the technology to Hasbro CEO Stephen Hassenfeld and a boardroom of 22 executives who liked the system and gave funding to support further development for the technology and games.

Ready to begin work on a full game, the NEMO team returned to the idea of surveillance cameras but wanted to make a more interactive and engaging experience. Zito originally had a plan for an interactive movie based on the A Nightmare on Elm Street film series. After negotiations with the film studio fell through, Zito hired Terry McDonell to write an original script. A cross-functional team of writers, directors, game designers, and programmers discussed how to blend the art of film with the interactivity of video games to create a compelling interactive narrative. The initial idea was to take the basis of Scene of the Crime to an extreme with a billionaire leaving an extremely large sum of money alone in a large house, guarded by a state-of-the-art security system. In this concept, the billionaire's daughter is staying at the house with her teenage friends when the house is attacked by ninja burglars who are attempting to steal the money. Through much deliberation, the game evolved into the final vampire concept seen in Night Trap. Hasbro was concerned that the game may feature "reproducible violence". As a result, Hasbro did not want the vampires, later dubbed Augers, to bite or move too quickly. In addition, the device used by the Augers to drain blood from their victims was purposely designed to pass Hasbro's non-reproducible violence requirements.

Production and release

Night Trap was developed over six months and was part movie shoot and part programming. The film was shot on 35 mm film in Culver City, CA across 16 days in 1987, with editing taking another few months. The film was directed by James Riley. The director of photography was Don Burgess, who later went on to shoot the award-winning Forrest Gump (1994). Originally the set was going to be darker, but it was made brighter for fear the footage would pixelate in-game. The script was unusual because it was built around the multi-linear gameplay. Riley was focused on timing the shoots correctly to sync the movement of actors among the rooms. There were four scenes occurring simultaneously at any given time, although there were eight rooms (the other four being still images). Dana Plato was the most famous actor involved, known for her work on the American sitcom Diff'rent Strokes (1978–86). Plato's career was spiraling downward at the time, partially due to her personal problems with drugs and alcohol. Fulop recounted that at first, she was very professional, but later she began showing up late and did not want to rehearse. The Augers were played by stuntmen. They developed a hobbling walk so that they would always be prepared to fall when the traps dropped under their feet. The software was developed concurrently with the filming and editing. Through developing Night Trap, Fulop and his team came to realize their old-fashioned development methods did not always work with interactive movies. The team could not go back and "tweak" on-screen elements and other assets, such as inserting new scenes or changing the time an actor comes into view. They had to work with the video footage they were handed over.

Night Trap was ready for the launch of the NEMO in 1989 alongside another interactive movie, Sewer Shark. Both games had a combined budget of about US$4.5 million ($1.5 million for Night Trap, and $3 million for Sewer Shark) making them two of the most expensive video games of the era. However, just before the launch of the NEMO in early 1989, which was now called the Control-Vision, Hasbro canceled the system release. The company cited high hardware costs as the reason. The system was originally intended to sell for $199, but the high manufacturing costs of the system's DRAM drove it to . In contrast, the market-leading Nintendo Entertainment System sold for around $100 in 1989. Riley also cited the high cost of filmmaking for deterring Hasbro. Fulop went on to form PF Magic, which later created the Petz virtual pet simulation series.

Zito purchased the rights to the abandoned Control-Vision games, and after learning that Sony was considering Sewer Shark for a release on its forthcoming Super NES CD-ROM, he founded his own company to bring them to the system, Digital Pictures. When the Super NES CD-ROM failed to materialize, Zito began working with Sega for a release on the Sega CD. Night Trap transitioned from VHS to CD-ROM and was released in 1992 for the Sega CD, five years after it was originally filmed. In May 1993, British censors banned the game from being sold to children under 15 years old in the United Kingdom, which led to Sega creating the Videogame Rating Council (VRC) age rating system. Sega also released the Sega CD version in Japan on November 19, 1993.

United States congressional hearings

On December 9, 1993, a United States Senate committee held a hearing on the subject of video game violence. The hearing was led by senators Joe Lieberman and Herb Kohl and was covered in major newspapers including USA Today, The Washington Post and The New York Times. At the hearing, the committee scrutinized Night Trap along with Midway's Mortal Kombat (1992). Lieberman claimed Night Trap featured gratuitous violence and promoted sexual aggression against women. One game over scene considered particularly offensive involved the nightgown-clad character Lisa being captured by Augers attempting to drain her blood. Tom Zito attempted to explain the context of the nightgown scene in defense of the game, but he claims he was silenced.

In the short documentary Dangerous Games (included with PC versions), the producers and cast explained the plot was to prevent the trapping and killing of women. In addition, the blood draining device was intended to look unrealistic to mitigate the violence. There are scenes in which the girls are grabbed or pulled by enemies, but no nudity or extreme acts of violence. Fulop was irked that Night Trap was compared to Mortal Kombat, which features ultraviolent gore, such as a character ripping the heart out of an opponent. During the hearings, Nintendo of America senior vice president Howard Lincoln testified that Night Trap would never appear on a Nintendo system because it did not pass its guidelines. Fulop believed Lincoln was referring to technical guidelines—Night Trap could not run on a Nintendo system due to the lack of a CD-ROM drive—but Lincoln made it sound as if the game was unworthy of Nintendo's moral standards. Critics noted this as a deliberate move from Nintendo to distance itself from the scandal and make Sega look unfavorable.

As a result of the publicity generated by the hearings, retailers sold 50,000 copies of Night Trap the following week. Two weeks before Christmas, the game was removed from store shelves in the United States' two largest toy store chains, Toys "R" Us and Kay-Bee Toys, after receiving numerous complaints that were suspected to be part of an organized telephone campaign. Both stores continued to stock Mortal Kombat. The Night Trap box art was also criticized by interest groups for what many believed to be a sexist depiction. In January 1994, Sega withdrew Night Trap from the market. Bill White, Sega Vice President of Marketing, stated that Night Trap was pulled because the continuing controversy surrounding it prevented constructive dialogue about an industry-wide rating system. He also stated that the game was misunderstood and was developed as a parody of vampire melodramas. Sega also announced in January the upcoming release of a censored version. The hearings led to the creation of the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) in 1994, the video game ratings board in North America still used today. After the controversy subsided, the game was ported to the 3DO, Sega 32X, MS-DOS, and Mac OS, each with a different cover from the original. Virgin Games released the 3DO version in Japan on June 25, 1994.

Reception

Initial reviews for Night Trap on the Sega CD were mixed. It was the first interactive movie on the system and was thus seen as breaking new ground in both genre and technology. Critics were quick to point out the game's  qualities that were reminiscent of teen horror movies. The staff at Sega Force said that playing the game was like "directing your own B movie. Night Trap makes you feel part of the game." Critics identified the "warped" and "tacky" sense of humor as helping the game's appeal and adding to its charm. From a technological perspective, the video was praised for being high-quality and smooth, although the Sega CD's low color capabilities were identified as a weakness. The most common point of complaint was the gameplay. Some critics cited it for being boring and shallow because it mostly involved pressing one button at the right time to trap the enemies. The staff at Computer and Video Games said Night Trap was reminiscent of Dragon's Lair (1983) and Space Ace (1984) and shared the same issues those games had with gameplay just being a matter of hitting buttons in the right moments. Reviewing the game in Wizard magazine, Glenn Rubenstein said that Night Trap "could be called the best game ever. Well maybe not the best, but it certainly is the most entertaining, that's for sure." He particularly praised the use of live actors and the need to play through the game multiple times in order to see everything.

Ports of Night Trap to other platforms received more harsh reviews; critics said the game did not age well. Staff at GamePro said it was "innovative at one time, but Traps graphics and sounds now play like standard stuff." Reviewers at GameFan blamed the game's extensive publicity for making it seem better than it truly was, saying "it's a so-so game that got a lot more attention than it deserved." Critics overwhelmingly found the game to be boring and dull. Next Generation called it "one of the most crashing bores ever released...this is a nongame." Critics agreed that the 3DO and 32X provided a larger color palette and higher-quality video than the Sega CD original. Night Trap was a commercial success, with sales totaling 400,000 copies by 1998.

In retrospect, Night Trap is viewed negatively and is mostly remembered for the controversy it stirred. It was ranked the 12th worst video game of all-time by Electronic Gaming Monthly editor Seanbaby in 2001.  He and other game journalists also featured the game in a 2007 episode of Broken Pixels, a comedy web series that covers bad and obscure games. Yahoo! Games listed it among the most controversial games of all-time in 2007, saying: "If it weren't for controversy...this throwaway Sega CD game would have drifted into obscurity as merely another failed attempt at marrying gameplay with live-action video." Game Informer listed the game among the worst horror games of all time in 2008. It was ranked number 59 on GamesRadar's 100 worst games of all time in 2014, in which they believed it was "less of a game and more a test of patience".  In 1996, Computer Gaming World listed Night Trap at number six of 50 worst games of all time, saying that it was "the ultimate experience of FMV gone bad".

Re-release
In May 2014, Night Trap designer James Riley announced that he was in talks to re-release the game with improved resolution and gameplay. That August, a Kickstarter campaign appeared for the game's original creators, who formed a company titled Night Trap LLC. The developers said that if the campaign was successful, they would be looking into re-releasing other Digital Pictures titles. Furthermore, the company was also considering making a sequel to the original game. The Kickstarter failed, only gaining $39,843 of its $330,000 goal.

Two years later, in May 2016, game developer Tyler Hogle created a tech demo of Night Trap being played on a smartphone. Hogle had previously worked on official ports for two other Digital Pictures games, Double Switch (1993) and Quarterback Attack (1995). He posted a short video of his Night Trap demo online anonymously, and some gaming websites published stories on the video and contacted Tom Zito to ask if he was involved. Hogle got into contact with Zito, and the two began working towards a full release. The original source code and 1987 master footage are lost. Riley, however, possessed a copy of the timed master footage and provided it to Hogle. Because the footage was already timed, it was easier for Hogle to develop; however, he had to replay the original game multiple times to learn what actions triggered which scenes.

Night Trap: 25th Anniversary Edition was announced in April 2017 to commemorate the game's 25th anniversary. The game was released on PlayStation 4 and Windows on August 15, 2017, with an Xbox One release planned for the future. The game was developed and published by Hogle's Screaming Villains, and a limited-edition physical release by Limited Run Games was made available for the PlayStation 4 with three different cover art variations available that mimic the packaging of the original Sega CD release, the later Sega CD release, and the 32X version. The ESRB gave the re-release a "Teen" rating, a grade lower than the original's "Mature" rating. The anniversary edition of Night Trap uses the full uncompressed video footage with various new additions: deleted scenes including an introduction and a death scene featuring Danny, a behind-the-scenes developer commentary, a "theater mode" to watch all the story-related videos, a "survivor mode" which places Augers randomly in the house, and a playable version of Scene of the Crime.

The anniversary edition was released on the Nintendo Switch on August 24, 2018. Some journalists found the Switch release ironic, given Lincoln's statement that "Night Trap will never appear on a Nintendo system" during the 1993 congressional hearings. A version for the PlayStation Vita was also released.

Notes

References

External links

 Night Trap on MobyGames

1992 video games
3DO Interactive Multiplayer games
Digital Pictures
DOS games
Full motion video based games
1990s horror video games
Interactive movie video games
Classic Mac OS games
Nintendo Switch games
Obscenity controversies in video games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation Vita games
Sega 32X games
Sega CD games
Video games about vampires
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Single-player video games
Virgin Interactive games
Sega video games

Night Trap


Johann Gustav Hermes (Königsberg,  – Bad Oeynhausen, ) foi um matemático alemão. Hermes é conhecido por completar um polígono com 65537 lados.

Vida pregressa
Hermes nasceu em 20 de junho de 1846 em Königsberg, uma antiga cidade alemã (atualmente Kaliningrado, Rússia). Hermes foi educado no Kneiphöfische Gymnasium. Obteve o Abitur (exame final) na escola em 1866. Após concluir o ensino médio, estudou matemática de 1866 a 1870, principalmente em Königsberg. Seus estudos foram interrompidos devido à sua participação na Guerra Franco-Prussiana de 1870 a 1871.

Formação
Em 14 de dezembro de 1872 concluiu seus estudos e se formou em matemática. Em 5 de abril de 1879 obteve um doutorado, com a tese "Redução do problema da ciclotomia em equações lineares (para números primos da forma 2m+1)" (em alemão: "Zurückführung des Problems der Kreistheilung auf lineare Gleichungen (für Primzahlen von der Form 2m+1)").

Carreira
Após um ano de estágio no Realgymnasium de Insterburg (atual Chernyakhovsk) em 1873, Hermes trabalhou como professor no Progymnasium do Orfanato Real de Königsberg na Prússia (em alemão: Königliches Waisenhaus zu Königsberg in Preußen). Começando em 1883, foi um Oberlehrer (ou professor superior). Em 1893 foi professor no Georgianum Gymnasium em Lingen. Finalmente, em 1 de abril de 1899 foi professor e diretor do Osnabrück Realgymnasium (atualmente denominado Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Gymnasium).

Em 31 de dezembro de 1906 pediu uma aposentadoria antecipada do cargo por motivo de doença.

Realizações
Em 1894 completou o seu esforço de uma década para encontrar e escrever um procedimento para a construção do polígono com 65537 lados regular exclusivamente com um compasso e uma régua. Seu manuscrito, com mais de 200 páginas, está atualmente localizado na Universidade de Göttingen.

Em seu discurso inaugural como diretor no Osnabrück Realgymnasium em 11 de abril de 1899, elogiou o conceito de dever do filósofo Immanuel Kant, que também era residente em Königsberg. Ele terminou com as palavras "Geduld ist die Pforte der Freude." ("A paciência é a porta para a alegria.")

Vida privada
Hermes adoeceu em dezembro de 1906. Morreu em 8 de junho de 1912. Hermes está sepultado em Osnabrück, Alemanha.

Ver também
65537-gono

Ligações externas
 (Sobre a divisão do círculo em 65537 partes iguais)
Outras publicações de Hermes

Matemáticos da Alemanha do século XIX
Matemáticos da Alemanha do século XX
Naturais de Königsberg

Johann Gustav Hermes


El arroyo del Alférez es un curso de agua uruguayo ubicado en el este del país, perteneciente a la cuenca hidrográfica de la laguna Merín.

Nace en la sierra de Carapé y su curso marca los límites entre los departamentos de Maldonado y de Rocha. Luego de recorrer 42 kilómetros desemboca en el arroyo del Aiguá

Cuenca de la laguna Merín en Uruguay
Alférez
Alférez

Arroyo del Alférez


Reflecția puterii este un film românesc din 2015 regizat de Mihai Grecu.

Prezentare

Note

NOTĂ

Vezi și
 2015 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2015

Reflecția puterii


Tonje Berglie (født 11. juni 1992) er en norsk håndboldspiller der spiller for Larvik HK, siden 2017.

Referencer
 Profil hos DHDb
 Spillerprofil hos EHF

Håndboldspillere fra Norge

Tonje Berglie


An Leersia angustifolia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Prodoehl. An Leersia angustifolia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Leersia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Leersia

Leersia angustifolia


Thierry César Figueiredo (Río de Janeiro, 16 de mayo de 1978), más conocido como Thierry Figueira, es un actor brasileño.

Biografía

A los catorce años, Thierry fue a un curso de teatro de aficionados, y uno de los espectáculos en los que actuaba, conoció a María Maya, hija del director del lobo Maya. Fue él quien dio la primera oportunidad para el actor novato, llamándolo para unirse al elenco de la telenovela El viaje. El próximo trabajo en televisión, dos años más tarde, fue cara y cruz en la telenovela, y se obtuvo a través de una prueba.

Televisión

 1994 - El viaje (A Viagem, Globo) - Guga
 1995 - Cara y corona (Cara e Coroa, Globo) - Pedro Alcântara Prates
 1996 - Malhação (Globo) - Gabriel
 1996 - Caza Talentos - Danilo Stompanato
 1997 - El amor está en el aire (O Amor Está no Ar, Globo) - Rodrigo
 1997 - Malhação (Globo) - Lau
 1999 - Corazones Cautivos (Globo) - Hugo Lopes
 2000 - Acuarela del Brasil (Globo) - Milton; el título alude a la canción de Ary Barroso.
 2000 - Bambuluá (Globo) - Árion
 2001 - Zorra total (Zorra Total, Globo) - Mateus
 2003 - Cañaveral de pasiones (Canavial de Paixões, SBT) - Juan de Dios; la telenovela es adaptación de las tituladas Una sombra entre los dos y Al pie del altar, ambas de Caridad Bravo Adams.
 2004 - Sus Ojos  - Artur
 2005 - Los ricos también lloran (Os Ricos Também Choram, SBT) - Pedro; es adaptación de la telenovela mexicana del mismo título.
 2007 - Amigas y rivales (Amigas e Rivais, SBT) - Raí
 2008 - Guerra y paz (Guerra e Paz, Globo) - Piruá
 2009 - Bela, la fea (Record) - Dinho Aguiar / Carlos Dantas; la telenovela es adaptación de la colombiana Yo soy Betty, la fea.
 2010 - Balada, Baladão (Record) - X-9
 2012 -  Rey David (Rei Davi, Record) - Siba (Ziba, en Brasil).
 2012 - Los tramposos - Patrick Pimenta
 2014 - Los Milagros de Jesús - Gabriel
 2015 - Victoria - Tiago Oliveira (Oliveira)
 2015 - Moisés y los diez mandamientos - Aníbal
 2017 - Belaventura - Nodier Cadis
 2019 - Amélio El Hombre De Verdad - Amélio
 2019 - Amor sin Igual - Delegado Fonseca
 2022 - Reyes - Lais

Cine

 1998 - Una aventura de Zico (Uma Aventura do Zico) - Marcão
 1999 - Slapstick y la luz azul (O Trapalhão e a Luz Azul)
 2016 - Moisés y los Diez Mandamientos - Aníbal

Teatro
 1998 - D'Artagnan Y Los Tres Mosqueteros - Aramis
 2008/2009 - Cyrano - Cristiano (Christián de Neuvillette)
 2010/11 - La Marca Del Zorro - Don Diego de La Vega/ El Zorro

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Río de Janeiro
Actores de Brasil
Actores de televisión de Brasil
Actores de cine de Brasil
Actores de teatro de Brasil

Thierry Figueira


In philately, a ship cover is a cover that was mailed aboard a ship, while a naval cover is one posted on a navy vessel. Shipboard postal facilities are ubiquitous on ships of any size, although the "post office" may consist only of an alcove and a sailor working it part-time.

Ship covers usually carry a paquebot postmark and/or a postmark unique to the vessel. Collectors of ship covers will look for different types used at different periods, as well as for covers indicating routing through particular ports, and so forth.

The Universal Ship Cancellation Society, founded in 1932, specializes in the study of naval covers, particularly those of the US Navy.

References
Catalog of United States Naval Postmarks

External links
Universal Ship Cancellation Society homepage

Philatelic terminology

Ship cover


USS Gudgeon (SS-211) was the first American submarine to sink an enemy warship in World War II (Pacific, 27 January 1942). She was the last of the long-range Tambor-class vessels commissioned for the United States Navy in the years before the country entered World War II. Gudgeon scored 14 confirmed kills, placing her 15th on the honor roll of American submarines. She was declared overdue, presumed lost with all hands, on 7 June 1944. Of the twelve Tambor-class submarines, only five survived the war.

Pre-war
Her keel was laid down by the Mare Island Navy Yard. She was launched on 25 January 1941, sponsored by Mrs. Annie B. Pye, wife of Vice Admiral William S. Pye, Commander Battleships, Battle Force and Commander Battle Force.  The boat was commissioned on 21 April 1941.  Her construction cost $6 million.

After shakedown along the California coast, Gudgeon sailed north on 28 August, heading for Alaska via Seattle, Washington. On her northern jaunt the new submarine inspected Sitka, Kodiak, and Dutch Harbor for suitability as naval bases. Continuing to Hawaii, she moored at the Pearl Harbor submarine base on 10 October 1941. Training exercises and local operations filled Gudgeon's time for the next two months.
During the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December she was at Lahaina Roads on special exercises, but returned to base immediately.

World War II

First war patrol

On 11 December, Gudgeon (commanded by Elton W. "Joe" Grenfell) departed Pearl Harbor on the first American submarine war patrol of World War II. Her commanding officer was provided with explicit written orders to carry out unrestricted submarine warfare. Gudgeon made her first contact on a target in Japanese Home Waters 31 December. When she returned 50 days later, Gudgeon had contributed two more impressive "firsts" to the Pacific submarine fleet. She was the first American submarine to patrol along the Japanese coast itself, as her area took her off Kyūshū in the home islands. On 27 January 1942, en route home, Gudgeon became the first United States Navy submarine to sink an enemy warship in World War II. Gudgeon fired three torpedoes, and the submarine I-73 was destroyed; though Gudgeon claimed only damage, the loss was confirmed by HYPO.

Second and third patrols

On her second war patrol, 22 February to 15 April 1942, Gudgeon scored two kills, first an unknown freighter on 26 March (not identified or confirmed by JANAC), then sinking the 6526-ton Nissho Maru on 27 March in the East China Sea southeast of Kumun Island.

She then checked into dry-dock for overhaul, but undocked three weeks early and readied for sea in a remarkable 40 hours to participate in the momentous Battle of Midway.

Departing Pearl Harbor on 18 May, Gudgeon took station off Midway Atoll as part of the submarine screen which encircled the two giant fleets clashing there.  Gudgeon was prevented from offensive action by the confusion of battle, the possibility of mistaken identity, and poor staff work by Admiral Robert English, COMSUBPAC. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 14 June.

Fourth patrol

Departing for her fourth patrol 11 July, Gudgeon sank the 4853-ton transport Naniwa Maru in a night submerged attack off Truk on 3 August, her only kill of the patrol. In her other attack of the fourth patrol USS Gudgeon carried out an aggressive attack on a four-ship convoy 17 August, torpedoing and damaging the Japanese tankers Shinkoku Maru (10020 BRT) and Nichiei Maru (10020 BRT) northwest of Truk before the patrol ended at Fremantle, Australia, on 2 September.

Fifth and sixth patrols

Now a part of the Southwestern Pacific submarine forces, Gudgeon sank the 6783-ton Choko Maru west-northwest of Rabaul on 21 October during her fifth war patrol, 8 October to 1 December, and carried out a daring attack on a seven ship convoy on 11 November, torpedoing several ships but sinking none.

The submarine's sixth war patrol, from 27 December 1942 to 18 February 1943, was unsuccessful in terms of ships sunk, but she carried out two special missions. On 14 January 1943 Gudgeon successfully landed six men on Catmon Point, Negros Island, Western Visayas, Philippines, to carry out the vital guerrilla resistance movement there. Returning from her patrol area, Gudgeon was diverted to Timor Island on 9 February, and the following day rescued 28 men—Australian, English, Portuguese, and Filipino—for passage to Fremantle. One of the Australians was 22 year old Alfred James Ellwood, Z special force.

Seventh and eighth patrols

Gudgeons seventh war patrol, from 13 March into April 1943, netted her two more Japanese ships before she ran out of torpedoes and had to return to Australia. On 22 March she sank the 5434-ton transport Meigen Maru as well as seriously damaging two other ships in the Java Sea convoy some 30 miles north of Surabaya, Java, Netherlands East Indies. Five days later Gudgeon took on 9987-ton tanker Tōhō Maru in a night surface attack in the Makassar Strait punctuated by bursts of gunfire as the Japanese ships spotted and fired on the submarine. It took five torpedoes to sink Tōhō Maru, and most of Gudgeons crew enjoyed the rare treat of watching her slide into the depths. Another attack later the same day damaged the 1192-ton tanker Kyoei Maru.

On her eighth war patrol, conducted as she sailed from Australia to Pearl Harbor on 15 April to 25 May 1943, Gudgeon chalked up three more kills. Her first came 28 April as she sank Kamakura Maru, a former ocean liner, southwest of Pucio Point, Panay (now Poblacion, Libertad, Antique), Philippines. The 17,526-ton transport was the largest Japanese transport, and one of the largest enemy ships sunk by an American submarine. Special operations interrupted Gudgeon'''s patrol as she landed six trained guerrilla fighters and three tons of equipment for the guerrilla movement on Panay on 30 April.

After sinking the 500-ton trawler Naku Maru with her deck guns west of Panay 4 May, Gudgeon battle-surfaced again that same day and left a coastal steamer burning and settling. Eight days later, on 12 May, she torpedoed and sank the 5861-ton freighter Sumatra Maru off Bulusan, Luzon, Philippines. Returning to Pearl Harbor, the veteran submarine was sent to San Francisco, California, for badly needed overhaul, her first since commissioning two years earlier.

Ninth and tenth patrols

A refreshed sub and crew departed Pearl Harbor for their ninth war patrol 1 September 1943 in the Mariana Islands area. Before returning to Midway Island on 6 October with all torpedoes expended, Gudgeon had sunk the 3158-ton Taian Maru, torpedoed and damaged the 3266-ton auxiliary gunboat Santo Maru north of Saipan, as well as seriously damaging several other ships.

Heading along the China coast for her tenth war patrol, from 31 October to 11 December, Gudgeon chalked up two more marus. Early in the morning of 23 November she spotted a convoy of four ships in the East China Sea some 70 miles north of Shusan Island and closed for attack. Gudgeon fired a spread of six torpedoes with gratifying results. The 870-ton  escort Wakamiya, hit by one torpedo, broke in two, sinking almost immediately. The two tankers in the convoy, the 5106-ton Ichiyo Maru and the 8469-ton Goyo Maru, were also hit but managed to escape. Gudgeon closed in to finish off the 6783-ton troop transport Nekka Maru.

Eleventh patrolGudgeons 11th war patrol saw a few successful sinkings of Japanese vessels, the first on 11 February. Before this sinking the submarine had a spell of bad luck where, on 2 February 1944, she had sighted a damaged aircraft carrier with two escorts. Gudgeon had closed for attack, but the escorts spotted her and attacked. A down-the-throat shot with four torpedoes temporarily discouraged the destroyers and allowed Gudgeon to seek deep water and safety, but when she surfaced the Japanese men-of-war were gone. Later in the same patrol Gudgeon was forced to try another down-the-throat shot at an enemy escort, but no hits. Success came only on 11 February. This date saw her torpedoing and sinking the already damaged (by Chinese air attack) 3091-ton merchant Satsuma Maru off Wenchow, China. On 17 February Gudgeon sank a Japanese sampan with gunfire in the East China Sea, another sampan being damaged in the attack. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 5 March 1944.

Twelfth patrol and lossGudgeon sailed for her 12th war patrol on 4 April 1944. The submarine stopped off for fuel at Johnston Island on 7 April, and was never seen or heard from again. On 7 June 1944, Gudgeon was officially declared overdue and presumed lost. Uboat.net claims Gudgeon was sunk 18 April 1944 at a known location by the Japanese southeast of Iwo Jima. Some sources say the submarine was more likely to have sunk by attack near the Maug Islands.

Tally and awards
During her three-year career, Gudgeon scored 14 confirmed kills of a total of well over 71,372 tons sunk, placing her 15th on the honor roll of American submarines.

 Presidential Unit Citation for her first eight war patrols
 American Defense Service Medal with "FLEET" clasp
 Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with 11 battle stars
 World War II Victory Medal

Legacy
On 21 November 1952 the Tang class submarine USS Gudgeon (SS-567) was placed in commission.  The second Gudgeon served in the United States Pacific Fleet until 30 September 1983 when she was transferred to the Turkish Navy and renamed TCG Hızırreis'' (S 342).  TCG Hızırreis served until 2004, when she was decommissioned and became a museum ship.

References

External links
On Eternal Patrol: USS Gudgeon
Uboat.net: Gudgeon (SS-211)
Imperial Japanese Navy Page: IJN Submarine I-73

Tambor-class submarines
World War II submarines of the United States
Lost submarines of the United States
Missing submarines of World War II
Ships built in Vallejo, California
1941 ships
Warships lost with all hands
Submarines lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in April 1944
World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean

USS Gudgeon (SS-211)


The Kane quantum computer is a proposal for a scalable quantum computer proposed by Bruce Kane in 1998, who was then at the University of New South Wales. Often thought of as a hybrid between quantum dot and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computers, the Kane computer is based on an array of individual phosphorus donor atoms embedded in a pure silicon lattice. Both the nuclear spins of the donors and the spins of the donor electrons participate in the computation.

Unlike many quantum computation schemes, the Kane quantum computer is in principle scalable to an arbitrary number of qubits. This is possible because qubits may be individually addressed by electrical means.

Description

The original proposal calls for phosphorus donors to be placed in an array with a spacing of 20 nm, approximately 20 nm below the surface. An insulating oxide layer is grown on top of the silicon. Metal A gates are deposited on the oxide above each donor, and J gates between adjacent donors.

The phosphorus donors are isotopically pure 31P, which have a nuclear spin of 1/2. The silicon substrate is isotopically pure 28Si which has nuclear spin 0. Using the nuclear spin of the P donors as a method to encode qubits has two major advantages. Firstly, the state has an extremely long decoherence time, perhaps on the order of 1018 seconds at millikelvin temperatures. Secondly, the qubits may be manipulated by applying an oscillating magnetic field, as in typical NMR proposals. By altering the voltage on the A gates, it should be possible to alter the Larmor frequency of individual donors. This allows them to be addressed individually, by bringing specific donors into resonance with the applied oscillating magnetic field.

Nuclear spins alone will not interact significantly with other nuclear spins 20 nm away. Nuclear spin is useful to perform single-qubit operations, but to make a quantum computer, two-qubit operations are also required. This is the role of electron spin in this design. Under A-gate control, the spin is transferred from the nucleus to the donor electron. Then, a potential is applied to the J gate, drawing adjacent donor electrons into a common region, greatly enhancing the interaction between the neighbouring spins. By controlling the J gate voltage, two-qubit operations are possible.

Kane's proposal for readout was to apply an electric field to encourage spin-dependent tunneling of an electron to transform two neutral donors to a D+–D– state, that is, one where two electrons associate with the same donor. The charge excess is then detected using a single-electron transistor. This method has two major difficulties. Firstly, the D– state has strong coupling with the environment and hence a short decoherence time. Secondly and perhaps more importantly, it's not clear that the D– state has a sufficiently long lifetime to allow for readout—the electron tunnels into the conduction band.

Development
Since Kane's proposal, under the guidance of Robert Clark and now Michelle Simmons, pursuing realisation of the Kane quantum computer has become the primary quantum computing effort in Australia. Theorists have put forward a number of proposals for improved readout. Experimentally, atomic-precision deposition of phosphorus atoms has been achieved using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) technique in 2003. Detection of the movement of single electrons between small, dense clusters of phosphorus donors has also been achieved. The group remains optimistic that a practical large-scale quantum computer can be built. Other groups believe that the idea needs to be modified.

In 2020, Andrea Morello and others demonstrated that an antimony nucleus (with eight spin states) embedded in silicon could be controlled using an electric field, rather than a magnetic field.

See also
Spin qubit quantum computer
Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer

References

Quantum computing
Quantum dots

Kane quantum computer


متحف الطفل هو متحف أنشئ عام 1985 في حي مصر الجديدة بالقاهرة على مساحة 1200 متر مربع كجزء من مشروع مشترك مع المتحف البريطاني. وقد شارك في إعداد المتحف خبراء من جميع أنحاء مصر والعالم في جميع المجالات لمساعدة الأطفال.

المتحف الذي تم افتتاحه في يونيو 1996 يحوي في طابقه الثاني تمثالا بالحجم الطبيعي للسيدة سوزان مبارك - صاحبة الفكرة -. وهو إهداء من المتحف البريطاني تكريما لها على أعمالها من أجل الأطفال.

والمتحف عبارة عن مركز تعليمي وترويحي يقدم المعلومات والخدمات التي تكمل التعليم المدرسي ويهدف المتحف إلي تعريف الأطفال المصريين بالظواهر التاريخية الطبيعية وعلاقتها بالبيئة الطبيعية الثقافية المصرية، ويهدف المتحف أيضا إلي رفع مستوي الفهم وحب الطبيعة والاهتمام بحمايتها والحفاظ عليها لدي زواره.

انظر أيضا
 متحف الطفل العراقي
 متحف الطفل
 متحف الأطفال

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 2012 في مصر
قبب فلكية
متاحف أسست سنة 2012
متاحف القاهرة
متاحف علمية في مصر
منظمات متعلقة بالطفل في مصر
متاحف وطنية
متاحف الوطن العربي

متحف الطفل بالقاهرة


Galilee is a novel by British writer Clive Barker, published in 1998 by HarperCollins Publishers. It chronicles the rise and fall of two very different, but equally powerful dynasties. The first dynasty, the Gearys, are a glamorous and rich family, similar to the Kennedys, who have been a power in America since the Reconstruction. The Barbarossas are a family of godlike beings. The two parents, Cesaria and Nicodemus, came into existence during the Bronze Age, somewhere between Canaan and the city of Samarkand. They have since had four children, the eldest of which is the titular Galilee.

Plot summary
The novel begins with an introduction to the manor of L'Enfant where Cesaria lives along with three of her children, Marietta, Zabrina and Luman. Also living there is Edmund Maddox, the son of Nicodemus and a human woman. Maddox had been crippled in an accident many years before which also resulted in the death of Nicodemus and Maddox's wife, Chiyojo. Maddox decides to write a book telling of the conflict between the Gearys and the Barbarossas and when brought to a dome at the top of L'Enfant is provided back the usage of his legs along with new knowledge that enables him to tell the story. Throughout the novel the reader is told various stories involving Maddox and his half-siblings.

The story initially begins with the baptism of Galilee and how a witness named Zelim became a prophet and eventually a spirit bound to Cesaria. In the present day, Maddox tells the story of how Rachel Pallenberg met Mitchell Geary and married him. The Geary family is led by Mitchell's grandfather Cadmus, who while aged came back into power over the family after the mysterious murder of Mitchell's father George. Things are initially happy for Rachel, and she befriends much of the fellow women in the Geary family including Margie, wife to Mitchell's older brother Garrison. However, after a couple of years of marriage being married to Michell loses its luster. Things appear to be improving when Rachel becomes pregnant, but she suffers from a miscarriage and is told she can't have any more children. She decides that she wants to leave Mitchell and tells him so after a visit to her hometown in Ohio. The two of them decide to wait a few weeks before making a final decision.

Margie tells Rachel of a house in Hawaii that is specifically meant for the usage of the Geary women. Rachel heads there and encounters a man named Niolopua, and sees Galilee arrive on his boat, the Samarkand. Galilee tells Rachel a story of a water god and later brings her on his boat. The two fall in love, but fight after Rachel receives a message about Margie being murdered by Garrison. Rachel returns to the U.S. while Galilee decides to kill himself by heading out on the Samarkand without supplies and leaving himself to the elements. Upon her return to the U.S., Rachel meets Danny, a former lover of Margie's and agrees to take back some letters and pictures of his that were left in Margie's apartment. There, she also finds a diary written by a man named Charles Holt from the Civil War.

Rachel reads Holt's diary, telling of his experiences after the war with a cook named Nickleberry. They encounter a man named Galilee who Rachel soon realizes is the same Galilee in the present day when she reads of the same story that he told her when they first met. Meanwhile, Garrison, who has been released from prison, and Mitchell desire to destroy the Barbarossas and believe they can find their way to L'Enfant through the diary. Mitchell is eventually able to steal the diary from Rachel. With Cadmus close to death, Cesaria desires to see it and emits herself there, where she causes Cadmus to self-mutilate and die shortly afterwards. Rachel witnesses this and decides to return to Galilee. Meanwhile, Mitchell desires to have Rachel back and also heads there. Cesaria appears before Galilee and based on her encounter with Rachel convinces him to return to her. She summons a storm which causes the Samarkand to crash ashore. Rachel and Niolopua are able to find him and bring him back to their house. Mitchell meanwhile, who has brought a knife with him arrives and murders Niolopua, and tries to do the same to Galilee. The spirits of various Geary women appear however and he falls down the stairs, accidentally being stabbed by his knife and dies.

Galilee agrees to reveal how everything came about to Rachel. After encountering Holt and Nickleberry, Galilee traveled with them and was nearly killed by a mob, being saved by Nickleberry. The three of them arrive at L'Enfant but wear out their welcome. Holt kills himself while Galilee and Nickleberry depart. Galilee, feeling indebted to Nickleberry agrees to help make him rich. Nickleberry steals the identity of a dead soldier named Geary and with Galilee doing nefarious deeds for him becomes rich and powerful. He eventually marries a woman named Bedelia but is unable to satisfy her so Galilee assists. Galilee eventually runs away with Bedelia and she gives birth to Niolopua, but she eventually returns. On her death bed, years later, she makes the two of them agree that Galilee will always be there to comfort the Geary women at his house in Hawaii and he will no longer be bound to doing anything else for the Gearys. Wanting to make Rachel immortal, Galilee brings her to L'Enfant where and they see Cesaria, who forgives Galilee. Maddox meanwhile, having finished his book leaves L'Enfant to see the world.

References

1998 British novels
1998 fantasy novels
Novels by Clive Barker
HarperCollins books

Galilee (novel)


Kızılcabölük,  Denizli'nin Tavas ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir. Aydın - Karacasu - Muğla yol güzergahında bulunmaktadır ve 1912 yılında kasaba olmuştur. 2015 yılının ADNKS verilerine göre nüfusu 3769 kişidir.

Kızılcabölük, Orta Asya'dan göç edip gelen Avşarların kurduğu bir yerleşim yeridir. Rivayete göre beyin üç oğlundan biri Serinhisar yönüne giderek bu bölgeye yerleşmiş, ikinci oğlu Kızılca'da kalmış, Bey ve üçüncü oğlu da Kızılcabölük'ün yerleşimlerinin temellerini atmıştır.

Kızılcabölük önceleri dağınık bir yerleşim düzeni ile kurulmuştur. Çobanlıkla geçinen halk, oba denilen 7-8 bölükte yaşamıştır. Zamanla buralara hırsızların dadanması sonucu halkın dirlik ve düzenliği bozulmuş, can ve mal güvenliği kalmamıştır. Bu durumdan rahatsız olan halk, zamanın  Muğla valisi Cevher Paşa'ya durumu şikayet etmiş, Cevher Paşa bizzat gelerek Kızılcabölük'te incelemelerde bulunmuş ve halkın şikayetlerinin giderilmesi için bir yerde toplanılmasını istemiştir. Bu amaçla günümüzde de kullanılan Kavak Camii'ni yaptırtmıştır. Dağınık olan halk zamanla bu caminin etrafında toplanmaya başlamış ve bugünkü Kızılcabölük yerleşiminin temelleri atmıştır.

Yaşlılardan ve yazılı kaynaklardan edinilen bilgilere göre yerleşimin adı hakkında çeşitli bilgiler ve söylentiler vardır. Bu bilgiler ve söylentiler değerlendirildiğinde hepsinin aynı noktada birleştiği farkedilmiştir.
Yerleşim kurulurken dağınık olarak kurulmuş. Bunlara "Bölük" denilmiş. Bu bölükler kırmızı (kızıl) topraklı yerlerde yerleşmişlerdir. O nedenle kızıl topraklıların yerleştiği yer anlamına gelen "Kızılcabölük" adı verilmiştir.
Kadınlar, başlarını kırmızı bir örtü ile örter, yaşlılar ve diğer erkekler de başlarına kırmızı fes giyerlermiş. Kırmızı börgülülerin, başlıklıların yaşadığı yer anlamına gelen "Kızılbörgü", "Kızılbörklü" adları ile anılmış. Bu adlar zamanla "Kızılcabölük" şeklini almıştır.

Kasaba idari yönden 1883 yılına kadar Muğla Menteşeoğulları beyliğince kalmış ve 1883 yılında yapılan bir yönetim değişikliği nedeniyle Tavas ilçesiyle birlikte Denizli iline bağlanmıştır.

Kızılcabölük, Denizli iline yaklaşık 50 km mesafededir. Ege Bölgesinin güney doğusunda Denizli'nin güneyinde yer alır. Kasabanın kuzeyi dağlık olup güneyi düz ovalıktır. En yüksek yeri Çakıroluk Tepesidir.

Halkın geçim kaynağını tekstil, tarım, hayvancılık ve küçük el sanatları oluşturmaktadır. 500 civarında tam otomatik, 1500 civarında yarı otomatik ve 250 civarında el dokuma tezgâhı ile Kızılcabölük bir sanayi yerleşimi durumundadır.

Kasabada 2 İlköğretim okulu, 1 anaokulu, 1 lise ve 1 adet Endüstri Meslek Lisesi bulunmaktadır. Faal vaziyetteki sağlık ocağı, postanesi, Tarım Kredi Kooperatifi, Esnaf ve Sanatkarlar Kredi ve Kefalet Kooperatifi ve belediyesi ile yerleşim ve çevre köy halkına hizmet vermektedir.

Kasabanın devlet karayolu (Aphrodisias - Karacasu) güzergahında olması nedeniyle yine bu güzergahtan Muğla ve Pamukkale' ye geçen turistlerin de uğrak yerlerindendir.

Kasabanın kuzey kısmında mevcut ve hâlen kazı işlemleri tamamlanamamış (Heraklia - Salbacea Hieronu) ve Ören tepesi her yıl yüzlerce turist tarafından ziyaret edilmektedir.

Tarih

HERAKLEİA SALBAKE HİERONU

Herakliea Salbacea; (Babadağ) sıradağının güney eteklerinde kurulmuştur.

Şehrin deprem ve doğal afetlerle yıkılmasından sonra harabelerin pek çoğu yer altında kalmıştır.

Antik Coğrafya'ya bakıldığında Caria ile Phrigya bölgelerini birbirinden ayıran (Salbacea) Babadağ Sıradağlarının eteğinde Tabea (Tavas) Ovasına hakim sırtlarda kurulmuştur. Antik Kent Caria kenti olarak bilinir. Heracleia antik kenti ile Geyre - Karacasu'daki Aphrodisias kentini Tmelos çayı birbirinden ayırır. Her iki şehrin nehir tanrısı Tmelos'tur.

Herakleia batısında Aphrodisias, güneyinde Apollonia Salbacea ve Tabea, güneydoğusunda Sebastapolis ve Kidrama şehirleri vardır.

Eski çağlardan kalma bu şehrin kuruluş zamanını tespit etmek için henüz hiçbir delil olmamasına rağmen MÖ 1. yüzyılda kurulmuş olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Herakleia Salbacea  antik kentinin kalıntıları birbiriyle bağlantılı bloklar mevcut olup, bu blokların en büyükleri sekonder olarak duvar biçimini aldığı, birbiriyle dik açıdan kesişen yapıları meydana getirdiği bu duvarlarında caddenin korunması için yapılan bir hisara ait olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Canlı insan figürleri arasında anne, baba ve çocukların bulunduğu dini töreni andıran bir topluluk, bir klinenin başında birçok kadın, oturan ve ayakta duran figürler, bir adamı taşlık bir bölgede bulunan kişilerle gösteren bir rölyef, ayakta duran Tanrıça Hera ve yenilmiş bir adamın yanında yay ile uğraşan bir diğer adam rölyefi, ayakta duran bir adam ile bir ağacın önündeki 4 sığır rölyefidir. Canlı figürler arasında tanrılarda bulunmaktadır. Afrodit, kucağı ve bacakları örtülü, üst bedeni açıkta olarak, Eros baş aşağı duran delfin tarafından eşlik edilmektedir.

Herakles, çenesinin altında düğümlenmiş bir aslan postu ve sol elinde Hesperides Ağacından aldığı elmalarla görülmektedir. Artemis dişi geyik üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Birçok görüntü efsanevi veya tarihi savaşları temsil etmektedir.

Ağız
Kızılcabölük halkının kullandığı konuşma ağzı'nın en belirgin özelliği keskin seslerin yumuşatılmış olmasıdır, örneğin K sesi yerine genellikle G sesi kullanılır; ("-lar" eki "-la" olarak kısaltılır.)

Bir başka ayırt edici özellik ise şimdiki zaman eki olan "-yor" ekinin yerine "-ba" ekinin P sesi ile fiile bağlanarak kullanılmasıdır;

İlginç değişimlerden birisi de yapılan eyleme göre fiile yardımcı bir fiil eklenmesidir, örneğin "oturmak" fiili "gelmek" fiiline, "yürümek" fiili "gitmek" fiiline eklenebilir, tersi bir ekleme doğru bir kullanım olmaz, ancak bu tip kullanım yöre gençlerinin ağzında çok yaygın değildir; (yüksek sesle konuşmak veya bağırmak yerine "yaşanmak" fiili sıkça kullanılır.)

Daha çok kullanım örnekleri için Özay Gönlüm'ün bazı eserleri incelenebilir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Kızılcabölük Gazetesi / Kızılcabölük'ten Güncel Haberler
 Kızılcabölük Belediyesi
 Özay Gönlüm
 Yöresel yemeklerin tanıtıldığı NTV "Tadı Damağımda" programı

Tavas'ın mahalleleri

Kızılcabölük, Tavas


Le muscle oblique inférieur de la tête  ( ou muscle grand oblique de la tête selon l'ancienne dénomination ) est un muscle du cou.

C'est un muscle profond situé sous les  muscles semi-épineux de la tête et trapèze, en dessous et en-dehors du muscle grand droit postérieur de la tête.

C'est le plus grand des deux muscles obliques du cou.

Sa dénomination peut prêter à confusion, car c'est le seul muscle dit de la tête qui n'a pas d'attache crânienne.

Description

Origine
Il s'insère dans une fossette latérale du processus épineux de l'axis.

Trajet
Il se dirige en haut, en dehors en formant la limite inférieure du triangle sous-occipital du cou.

Terminaison
Il se termine sur le bord postérieur du processus transverse de l'atlas.

Innervation
Il est innervé par la branche postérieure du premier nerf spinal cervical.

Action
Il est rotateur homolatéral de la tête au niveau de l'articulation atlanto-axoïdienne.

Proprioception
Le muscle oblique inférieur de la tête, comme les autres muscles sous-occipitaux, a un rôle important dans la proprioception.

Il possède une forte densité d'organes tendineux de Golgi et de fuseaux neuromusculaires. On pense que la proprioception est peut-être son rôle principal (ainsi que des autres muscles sous-occipitaux) permettant un positionnement précis de la tête sur le cou.

Galerie

Références

oblique inférieur de la tête

Muscle oblique inférieur de la tête


Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus (Latin, 'An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Living Beings'), commonly called De Motu Cordis, is the best-known work of the physician William Harvey, which was first published in 1628 and established the circulation of blood throughout the body. It is a landmark in the history of physiology, with Harvey combining observations, experiments, measurements, and hypotheses in an extraordinary fashion to arrive at his doctrine. His work is a model of its kind and had an immediate and far-reaching influence on Harvey's contemporaries; Thomas Hobbes said that Harvey was the only modern author whose doctrines were taught in his lifetime.

In De motu cordis, Harvey investigated the effect of ligatures on blood flow. The book also argued that blood was pumped around the body in a "double circulation", where after being returned to the heart, it is recirculated in a closed system to the lungs and back to the heart, where it is returned to the main circulation.

Synopsis
This work is a substantial contribution to cardiac physiology, for it introduces into biology the doctrine of circulation of the blood in the seventeenth century. Opposed and obliging work heralding Harvey's discovery go back to the thirteenth century, when the pulmonary circulation and gas exchange was proposed by Ibn Al-Nafis. Both long since proven theories are incomplete when studied separately but together form core knowledge of present-day cardiology. In 1553, Michael Servetus said that blood flows from the heart to the lungs, and that it there mixes with air to form the arterial blood which flows back to the heart. Between 1570 and 1590, Cesalpino suggested, in a controversy with Galenists, that the movement of blood was more like a circulation than an oscillation; but this view lacks clarity. In 1603, Hieronymus Fabricius ab Acquapendente published a work clearly describing the valves in the veins and showing that they hinder the flow of blood away from the heart. From 1597 to 1602, Harvey studied arts and medicine at Padua, and made a careful study of the heart and the movement of blood. By 1616, he was presenting in lectures his case for the circulation of the blood, but it was not until 1628 that he published it in his classic work, De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis. This book is important both for the discovery of the complete circulation and for the experimental, quantitive and mechanistic methodology which Harvey introduced. He looked upon the heart, not as a mystical seat of the spirit and faculties, but as a pump analyzable along mechanical lines. He also measured the amount of blood which it sent out to the body. He observed that with each beat two ounces of blood leave the heart; so that with 72 heart beats per minute, the heart throws into the system 540 pounds of blood every hour. Where could all this blood come from? The answer seems to be that it is the same blood that is always returning. Moreover, the one-way valves in the heart, like those in the veins, indicate that, following the pulmonary circulation, the blood goes out to all parts of the body through the arteries and returns by way of the veins. The blood thus makes a complete closed circuit. As Harvey expressed it, "There must be a motion, as it were, in a circle." There was, however, one stage in the circulation which Harvey was not able to see - that in which the veins and arteries lose themselves by subdivision into the tiny capillary vessels. It was in 1660, three years after Harvey's death, that Marcello Malpighi saw the blood moving in the capillaries of a frog's lung, and thus supplied the missing link in Harvey's proof of the circulation of the blood.

External links
English translation of the book by Robert Willis at Fordham University
English translation of the book by Robert Willis as it appeared in the Harvard Classics
Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis  1628. From Rare Book Room. Scanned first edition.

1628 books
Anatomy books
1628 in science
17th-century Latin books


Onthophagus volucer é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Balthasar em 1959.

Referências

Ligações externas

volucer
Coleópteros descritos em 1959

Onthophagus volucer


Mariano Carlos Caporale (Buenos Aires, Argentina; 11 de enero de 1985) es un exfutbolista argentino. Jugaba como defensa y tras su paso por Defensa y Justicia, el fútbol mexicano, colombiano e israelí entre otros , recaló en Los Andes de Lomas de Zámora, donde luego de 2 años puso fin a su carrera, a sus 29 años de edad.

Ni bien se retiró del fútbol finalizó la carrera de abogacía en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paralelamente siguió vinculado al fútbol, desempeñándose como agente/intermediario de jugadores, así como asesor jurídico de clubes y de otros empresarios del fútbol.

Trayectoria
Mariano Carlos Caporale debutó como jugador profesional en 2000 con el Argentinos Juniors y posteriormente estuvo con el Club de Fútbol Monterrey de México, el Abahani Chitagong de Bangladés, Defensa y Justicia de Argentina, el Atlético Bucaramanga de Colombia y el club Maccabi Netanya de Israel.

Clubes

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en BDFA

Futbolistas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Futbolistas del Atlético Bucaramanga
Futbolistas de la Asociación Atlética Argentinos Juniors
Futbolistas del Club Social y Deportivo Defensa y Justicia

Mariano Caporale


Sylvain Kahane est un mathématicien et linguiste français, né en 1964.

Biographie
Sylvain Kahane est docteur en mathématiques, après avoir soutenu une thèse de doctorat à l'Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie  intitulée Idéaux compacts et applications à l'analyse harmonique, sous la direction d'Alain Louveau en 1990.

Il est professeur de sciences du langage à l'Université Paris-Nanterre, directeur du département de sciences du langage de cette même université, chercheur au laboratoire MODYCO et spécialiste de linguistique mathématique.

Sylvain Kahane est un cousin du mathématicien Jean-Pierre Kahane.

Recherche
 Linguistique: lexique, syntaxe, grammaires formelles, modélisation des langues, traitement automatique des langues, modélisation mathématique des langues, grammaire de dépendance, syntaxe générale, théorie sens-texte.

Publications
 Rhapsodie : a prosodic and syntactic treebank for spoken French, avec Anne Lacheret-Dujour et Paola Pietrandrea, Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 2019.
 Elements of structural syntax, de Lucien Tesnière, traduction par Timothy Osborne et Sylvain Kahane, Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 2015.
 La modélisation mathématique des langues naturelles, Vanves, CERIMES, 2010.
 Les grammaires de dépendance, sous la direction de Sylvain Kahane, Paris, Hermès, 2000.
 Idéaux de compacts et applications a l'analyse harmonique, thèse de doctorat en mathématiques, sous la direction d'Alain Louveau, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 1990.

Références

Liens externes

 La modélisation mathématique des langues naturelles, sur Canal-U.

Naissance en 1964
Mathématicien français du XXe siècle
Mathématicien français du XXIe siècle
Linguiste français
Enseignant à l'université Paris-Nanterre
Docteur de l'université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie

Sylvain Kahane


Xabier Jon Davalillo Peña (Bilbao, Vizcaya, 12 de julio de 1960) es un exbaloncestista español, con una altura de 193 cm y cuya posición en la cancha era la de alero. Presidió durante 5 años el Bilbao Basket, desde 2005 hasta 2010.

Clubes
1981-1982  Caja Bilbao
1982-1984  Saski Baskonia
1984-1989  Caja Bilbao
1989-1991  CB Murcia
1991-1992  Oximesa Granada
1992-1994  Loyola

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha de Davalillo en la web de la acb

Baloncestistas de España
Baloncestistas de la Liga ACB
Baloncestistas del Saski-Baskonia
Baloncestistas del Caja Bilbao
Baloncestistas del Club Baloncesto Murcia
Baloncestistas del Oximesa Granada
Dirigentes de baloncesto en España
Deportistas del País Vasco
Nacidos en Bilbao

Xabier Jon Davalillo


ඔන්ලයින් හමුවීම පහසු කර දෙන Fuze'

නොමිලේම ඔබට ඉ-කොන්ෆරන්සින් කල හැකි සේවා මෙම වෙබ් අඩවියෙන් සපයයි.ප්‍රසන්ටෙශන්,
ලිපි ලේකන සහ Images ෂෙයාර් කර ගන්නට මෙය හොද වෙබ් සේවයකි. |https://www.fuze.com |

ෆයිල් සහ පාස්වර්ඩ් බැකප් කොට දෙන 'Secure Safe'

මම වෙබ්අඩවියෙන් නොමිලේ ලබා දෙන සේවය මගින්,ෆයිල් සහ පාස්වර්ඩ් වැනි Data පහසුවෙන්
නැවත ලබා ගත හැකි සේ තැන්පත් කොට තබන්නට පුළුවන. |http://www.securesafe.com |

පරිගණක වැඩ පහසු කරන වෙබ්අඩවි