إنسان جورجيا (هومو جيورجيكوس)، يعتقد بأنه يقع ما بين الإنسان الماهر والإنسان المنتصب. عاش قبل 1.8 مليون سنة مضت، وقد عثر على أول أحافيره في جورجيا عام 1991م وبجوارها أدوات وعظام حيوانية.

وجد هيكله العظمي الأول في حالة جيدة، وقدر العلماء حجم دماغه بـ600 سم3، وهو أصغر حجم دماغ لإنسان (كجنس) يعثر عليه خارج أفريقية. قد يكون إنسان جورجيا أول أنسان يستوطن أوروبا قبل وصول الإنسان المنتصب بنحو 800 ألف سنة.

في وقت لاحق عثر على 4 هياكل أخرى تظهر أن إنسان جورجيا كان بدائياً في الجزء العلوي من الجسم ومتطورًا نسبيًا في أطرافه السفلى مما وفر له مزيدًا من حرية الحركة.

وصلات خارجية

مصادر

أصنوفات أحفورية وصفت في 1892
أصنوفات أحفورية وصفت في 2002
إنسان بدائي
إنسان منتصب
ثدييات وصفت في 1892
حفريات مفقودة
رئيسيات وصفت في القرن 19
عصور ما قبل التاريخ في كينيا
ما قبل التاريخ في أسبانيا

إنسان جورجيا


Nissan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Owned by the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, it is primarily used for football and is the home field of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) and the Tigers of Tennessee State University. The stadium is the site of the TransPerfect Music City Bowl, a postseason college football bowl game played each December, and from 2020 until 2021 the home field of Nashville SC of Major League Soccer (MLS). Nissan Stadium is used for concerts such as those affiliated with the CMA Music Festival each June. The stadium also has facilities to host public events, meetings, and parties.

Nissan Stadium is located on the east bank of the Cumberland River, across the river from downtown Nashville and has a seating capacity of 69,143. Its first regular-season game was a 36–35 win over the Cincinnati Bengals on September 12, 1999. Nissan Stadium has been known by Adelphia Coliseum (1999–2002), the Coliseum (2002–2006), and LP Field (2006–2015).

The stadium features three levels of seating. The lower bowl encompasses the field and the club and upper levels form the stadium's dual towers, rising above the lower bowl along each sideline. The stadium's luxury suites are located within the towers. Three levels of suites are located in the stadium's eastern tower, one between the lower and club levels, and two between the club and upper levels. The western tower has two levels of suites between the club and upper levels. The press box is located between the lower and club levels in the western tower. Nissan Stadium's dual video boards are behind the lower bowl in each end zone.

As of the 2023 season, the playing surface of Nissan Stadium is Matrix Helix Turf with an organic infill. Prior to 2023, the playing surface was Tifsport Bermuda Sod, a natural grass. The climate of Nashville and the wear of hosting a game nearly every weekend often required the field to be resodded in the area between the hashes in November, and the stadium had amongst the highest lower body injuries of any in the NFL during the 2018–2021 seasons.

On Nissan Stadium's eastern side is the Titans Pro Shop, a retail store that sells team merchandise.

With Tennessee State being tenants, Nissan Stadium is the largest stadium in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS and formerly known as I-AA).

History

During the 1995 NFL Preseason, the Houston Oilers faced the Washington Redskins in an exhibition game at Neyland Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee. At the game, Oilers owner Bud Adams met Nashville Mayor Phil Bredesen and began discussing the possibility of moving the team to Middle Tennessee due to Adams' discontent with the team's lease at the Astrodome and unwillingness of the City of Houston to build a new football-only stadium. Later that year, Adams and Bredesen announced the team's intent to move to Nashville. The city and team decided to locate a stadium on the eastern bank of the Cumberland River across from downtown Nashville, in what had been a declining industrial/warehousing area.

In a special referendum on May 7, 1996, voters in Metropolitan Nashville/Davidson County voted to approve partial funding of the proposed stadium. The vote, which allocated $144 million of public money to the project, passed with a 59 percent majority. The pro-stadium organization, known as "NFL Yes!", outspent the anti-stadium group by a ratio of 16:1 during the campaign.

The funds would initially be raised through an increase in the Metro water tax. Much of the remaining construction costs were funded through the sale of personal seat licenses. Some money from the State of Tennessee was allocated to the project, on the condition that the Tennessee State University football team move its home games there, and with the request that the incoming NFL team be named Tennessee instead of Nashville.

The stadium's construction was delayed when the construction site was hit by a tornado that struck downtown Nashville on April 16, 1998, and destroyed several cranes, but the stadium opened in time for the first scheduled event.

On May 3, 2010, the stadium's playing surface was filled with  of water due to the heavy rains and flooding from the Cumberland River. The flood also reached down to the locker rooms of the stadium.

The stadium received upgrades during mid-2012. Among the improvements are a new sound system, high-speed elevators to the upper levels, and LED ribbon boards mounted on the faces of the upper mezzanines. Two new HD Lighthouse brand LED video displays measuring  by  were installed, replacing the entire end zone scoreboard apparatuses. At the time of installation, the two boards became the second-largest displays in the National Football League (trailing only AT&T Stadium).

In 2014 and 2015, the stadium hosted the Nashville Kickoff Game, a college football game featuring major NCAA teams for Tennessee.

During the 2018 season, two 20th anniversary logos were put in each of the end zones to help celebrate the Titans' 20th year in Nashville. The yard line numbers were also changed to match the number style on the new uniforms.

In 2020, IndyCar announced the creation of the Music City Grand Prix. It will be carried out in Downtown Nashville and around Nissan Stadium, and it will use the facilities for Club seats in August 2021.

The stadium was the site of the 2022 NHL Stadium Series between the Nashville Predators and the Tampa Bay Lightning.

In February 2022, the Titans paused ongoing renovations to the stadium, citing the rising costs and the structure, to explore the possibility of replacing the facility in the near future. They would later commit to a full replacement in late 2022, releasing renderings for their new stadium, which will possibly open in 2027.

Naming rights

During its construction, the stadium had no official name, though it was generally referred to as "The East Bank Stadium", a reference to the stadium's location on the eastern bank of the Cumberland River. Upon its completion, it was given the name "Adelphia Coliseum" in a 15-year, $30 million naming rights arrangement with Adelphia Business Solutions, a subsidiary of the larger Adelphia telecommunications company. However, after Adelphia missed a required payment and subsequently filed for bankruptcy in 2002, the agreement was abandoned and the stadium became known simply as "The Coliseum" for four years. (Adelphia itself was dissolved in 2006.)

A naming rights deal with Nashville-based Louisiana-Pacific was inked on June 6, 2006. Louisiana-Pacific, which markets itself as "LP Building Products", paid $30 million over 10 years for naming rights. LP's influence inside the stadium led to the creation of the LP Building Zones in 2007, located beneath the giant scoreboards from Daktronics at the north and south ends of the stadium. The concession stands and restrooms in these two areas were decorated to look like suburban homes using LP products.

On June 24, 2015, car manufacturer Nissan, which has its North American headquarters just south of Nashville in Franklin and operates a large manufacturing plant in nearby Smyrna, and headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan, bought the naming rights for the stadium in a 20-year contract, rebranding the stadium as Nissan Stadium. As part of the sponsor agreement, a 2016 Nissan Titan pickup truck was placed next to the stadium scoreboard.

Tennessee Titans

The Tennessee Titans have posted an impressive record at Nissan Stadium since moving there in 1999, including winning their first 13 games before losing to the Baltimore Ravens on November 12, 2000. Overall in a total of 181 games, the Titans are 100–76 in the regular season  and 2–3 in playoffs at Nissan Stadium. Since moving to Nissan Stadium, the Titans have made the playoffs nine times, played in three AFC Championship Games, and appeared in one Super Bowl (XXXIV).

Music City Miracle

On January 8, 2000, one of the most memorable and debated plays in NFL history took place at then-Adelphia Coliseum. The "Music City Miracle" (as it has come to be known) was a last-minute trick play on a kickoff return that resulted in a touchdown and catapulted the Titans past the Buffalo Bills to the Divisional Playoffs. It also ensured that the Titans would go undefeated in the first season in the team's new home. The victory was seen in front of a franchise-record crowd.

Soccer
Nissan Stadium regularly hosts soccer matches featuring the United States men's national team as well as by the women's national team and visiting professional clubs. The venue was first used for soccer on April 20, 2004, in an exhibition game between the Los Angeles Galaxy of Major League Soccer and Tecos UAG of the Mexican Primera División. Since then Nissan Stadium has been used for friendly matches by the U.S. women versus Canada in 2004, a return of Tecos against rival F.C. Atlas in 2005, and the U.S. men versus Morocco in 2006. The stadium helped host the CONCACAF men's 2008 and 2012 qualifying tournaments for the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

On April 1, 2009, the U.S. men's national team played a World Cup qualifier beating Trinidad and Tobago, 3–0. The match saw Jozy Altidore become the youngest American to score a hat trick for the national team. The U.S. men returned March 29, 2011 falling to Paraguay in a friendly before a record crowd of 29,059 – the largest to attend a soccer game in the state of Tennessee.

Nissan Stadium was chosen for two games of the Group Stage for the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

The record crowd for a soccer game played in Tennessee is 56,232 and was set on July 29, 2017, when English Premier League clubs Manchester City and Tottenham played an exhibition match at Nissan Stadium.

Major League Soccer club Nashville SC began playing at the stadium in February 2020, and played their final game there in 2021.

Concerts and events
Nissan Stadium can also serve as a large concert venue. The main stage for the annual CMA Music Festival, held every June, is located in the stadium.

See also
 List of current National Football League stadiums
 List of NCAA Division I FCS football stadiums

References

External links

Nissan Stadium – Tennessee Titans

National Football League venues
Major League Soccer stadiums
Nissan
College football venues
Music City Bowl
NCAA bowl game venues
Tennessee State Tigers football
Tennessee Titans stadiums
Sports venues in Nashville, Tennessee
American football venues in Tennessee
Soccer venues in Tennessee
Sports venues completed in 1999
CONCACAF Gold Cup stadiums
1999 establishments in Tennessee
Nashville SC

Nissan Stadium


Fatimidski Kalifat bio je islamski ismailijski šijitski kalifat od 10. do 12. stoljeća, koji je pokrivao veliko područje sjeverne Afrike, od Crvenog mora na istoku do Atlantskog oceana na zapadu. Fatimidska obitelj arapskog podrijetla vladala je teritorijima diljem mediteranske obale Afrike i na kraju je Egipat stavila u središte kalifata. Na svom vrhuncu, kalifat je osim Egipta uključivao različita područja Magreba, Sudana, Sicilije, Levanta i Hedžasa u Africi i Aziji.

Fatimidski Kalifat predstavljao je kulminaciju muslimanskog političkog uspjeha. Muslimani su imali lojalne zagovornike u zemljama kojima su vladali fatimidski suparnici, a područja sa značajnim brojem stanovnika i muslimanskom prisutnošću bila su u stanju uspostaviti vlastitu politiku, koja je bila lojalna imamu u Egiptu, neovisno vođenu.

Fatimidi (arapski: الفاطميون, romanizirani: al-Fāṭimīyūn) tvrdili su da potječu od Fatime, kćeri proroka Muhameda. Fatimidska država nastala je među Berberima, koji su živjeli na zapadnoj obali Sjeverne Afrike (u Kabiliji u današnjem Alžiru). Godine 909. Fatimidi su zauzeli Raqqadu, glavni grad Aglabida. Godine 921. Fatimidi su osnovali tuniski grad Mahdiju kao novu prijestolnicu. Godine 948. premjestili su svoj glavni grad u al-Mansuriyyu, blizu Kairouana u Tunisu. Godine 969. osvojili su Egipat, a 973. učinili su Kairo glavnim gradom svog kalifata. Egipat je postao političko, kulturno i vjersko središte njihovog carstva, razvijajući novu i "autohtonu arapsku" kulturu.

Izvori

Bivše monarhije
Islam
Povijest Afrike
Povijest Azije

Fatimidski Kalifat


Aceasta este o listă de actori belgieni.

A
 Richard Abbott (actor)
Lubna Azabal

B

Veerle Baetens
Patrick Bauchau
Bettina Le Beau
Lucas Belvaux
Rémy Belvaux
Julie Bernard
Berthe Bovy
Jacques Brel
Celine Buckens

C
Laurent Capelluto
Jacques Castelot
Bernard Cogniaux
Christelle Cornil
Jean-Luc Couchard

D

Antje De Boeck
Jan Decleir
Isabelle Defossé
André Delvaux
Émilie Dequenne
Alexia Depicker
Els Dottermans
José Dupuis
Pascal Duquenne

E
 Armand Eloi
 Pauline Étienne

F

Jacques Feyder
Cécile de France
Déborah François
Victor Francen
Ève Francis

G
Raymond Gérôme
Marie Gillain
 Ludovica Louisa Ghijs
Olivier Gourmet
Fernand Gravey

H
 Audrey Hepburn (născută la Ixelles, Belgia)

J
Edward José

L
Christian Labeau
Gert Lahousse
Bouli Lanners
Linda Lepomme
Jan Leyers
 Bénédicte Loyen

M

Micha Marah
Olivier Massart
John Massis
Yolande Moreau

N

Helena Noguerra

O
Madeleine Ozeray

P
Michael Pas
Ann Petersen
Luc Philips
Benoît Poelvoorde

Q
Abdel Qissi
Michel Qissi

R
Natacha Régnier
Jérémie Renier

S
Barbara Sarafian
Michel Scourneau
Matthias Schoenaerts
Bobbejaan Schoepen
Marcel Simon (actor)
Henri Storck

T
Jean-Pierre Talbot

V

Jean-Claude Van Damme
Dora van der Groen
Benoît Van Dorslaer
Katrien Vandendries
Gert Verhulst
Philippe Volter

W
Koen Wauters
Isabelle Wéry

Z
Dyanik Zurakowska

Note

Vezi și
 Listă de regizori belgieni
:fr:Catégorie:Acteur belge; :fr:Catégorie:Actrice belge

belgieni
Actori
 Listă
Cinematografia belgiană

Listă de actori belgieni


Johnny Hallyday Les Raretés Warner est un double album de compilations réunissant 18 titres studios (disque 1) et 18 titres enregistrés en public (disque 2), du chanteur Johnny Hallyday, sous le label Warner entre 2007 et 2017. Réunies pour la première fois sur un même projet, ces 36 chansons ont en communs d'avoir été diffusé de façons confidentielles, soit en titres bonus, soit sur des éditions collector, ou encore d'être des participations de l'artiste sur divers duos. Les raretés Warner sort le .

Autour de l'album

Références originales :

Double CD Warner 0190296481680 36 titres

Double 33 tours Warner 01902 96697357 20 titres.

Détails sur la diffusion des chansons :

Autoportrait est offert sur les plates-formes de téléchargement légal en décembre 2011.

Croire en l'homme est un inédit inclus sur le single collector Ça ne finira jamais en 2008.

Le Blues maudit est diffusé en second titre du single Always en 2007.

Tout ce cirque est une chanson enregistrée en studio et inédite incluse en single dans l'édition collector de l'album live Tour 66 : Stade de France 2009.

Un jour l'amour te trouvera est un inédit studio inclus en bonus sur l'album live Born Rocker Tour en 2013.

Les News est un titre inédit inclut dans la seconde édition de l'album Le cœur d'un homme en 2008.

Quatre murs est un inédit studio inclus en bonus sur l'album live Born Rocker Tour en 2013.

Vent de panique et Jalousie sont deux chansons inédites issues des sessions studios de l'album Jamais seul en 2011, incluses dans l'édition collector.

La route est ta seule amie est extraite du CD BOF Titeuf, le film.

On s'accroche et Je t'attendrai sont deux chansons bonus de l'édition collector de l'album Rester vivant en 2014.

Chanteur de chansons est une chanson inédite issue des sessions studios de l'album Rester vivant, incluse en 13ème titre du disque, disponible uniquement sur les plates formes de téléchargements.

Et maintenant est extrait de l'album hommage Bécaud, et maintenant parut en 2011.

A Better Man est une chanson inédite incluse en CD single de l'édition spéciale et exclusive Carrefour de l'album live Born Rocker Tour en 2013.

Imagine est enregistrée et vendue au profit de l'Unicef sur les plateformes de téléchargements en 2006.Ce monde est merveilleux en duo avec Line Renaud est extrait de l'album de cette dernière Rue Washington sortie en 2010.Seul dans cette version a cappella est diffusée en 2015 en Maxi 45 tours à l'occasion du Disquaire Day.

Les titres en medley Je suis né dans la rue-Fils de personne-Elle est terrible-Dégage ainsi que les chansons J'ai oublié de vivre, Hey Joe et Je m'arrête là ont été diffusés en bonus dans plusieurs éditions spéciales de l'album live Tour 66 : Stade de France 2009.

Les chansons Allumer le feu et Derrière l'amour interprétés en duos à Bercy en 2006, ont été diffusés dans l'édition collector de l'album live Flashback Tour : Palais des sports 2006.

Rock'n'roll attitude, Quelque chose de Tennessee, Diego libre dans sa tête, sont extraits de l'édition collector de l'album live On Stage en 2013.

Tomber c'est facile provient de l'édition collector de l'album live Rester Vivant Tour de 2016.

Gabrielle, Oh ! Ma jolie Sarah, Fils de personne, La musique que j'aime, Tes tendres années enregistrés en public lors de l'émission Le grand studio RTL en 2011, ont été diffusées sur l'édition collector de l'album studio L'Attente.

Les titres
 CD1

 CD2

Notes et références

Album musical sorti en 2021
Album de Johnny Hallyday
Compilation musicale sortie en 2021

Johnny Hallyday Les Raretés Warner


Helô D'Angelo (São Paulo, 1994), é uma cartunista e ilustradora brasileira. A artista conta com a publicação de duas Hqs de sua autoria e uma em conjunto com outros artistas, atua também como chargista para o jornal Brasil de Fato. Seu trabalho é focado em minorias políticas e nos direitos humanos, utilizando dessas linguagens para facilitar a explanação e compreensão dessas temáticas.

Vida e carreira
Artista nascida em São Paulo, Helô D'Angelo é formada em jornalismo pela Faculdade Cásper Líbero e atuou na área em diversas revistas e jornais, porém Helô decidiu dedicar-se a carreira de ilustradora e quadrinista devido a necessidade de expôr sua opinião e esclarecer temas relevantes de forma mais explícita não tão possível no jornalismo. Influenciada pela obra "Retalhos", no original Blankets de Craig Thompson ainda antes de seu ingresso na universidade, a necessidade de produzir quadrinhos foi crescente na vida de Helô.

Durante seu período na universidade D'Angelo se sensibiliza cada vez mais com os temas que aborda hoje em dia, a pluralidade no ambiente universitário elucida a artista quanto as mazelas da sociedade contemporânea e desperta a vontade de ler e produzir conteúdo crítico e didático, em paralelo com o interesse na produção autobiográfica. Explorando o que viria a ser sua dedicação posterior, seu trabalho de conclusão trata-se de uma reportagem jornalística em quadrinhos expondo a realidade do aborto no Brasil.

Devido seu conteúdo sociopolítico e crítico, o trabalho da artista acaba enfrentando resistência principalmente por parte daqueles que reproduzem os comportamentos expostos pela artista, que acaba sofrendo ataques e críticas nas redes sociais, tendo uma de suas tirinhas que expõem o comportamento antifeminista por parte de algumas mulheres retirada do ar no Instagram.

Atualmente a artista trabalha com a produção de histórias em quadrinhos institucionais, jornalísticas e didáticas, atua como chargista para o jornal Brasil de Fato, possui uma loja online com suas publicações e publica seu conteúdo em tirinhas nas redes sociais onde possui mais de 155 mil seguidores.

Obras
Helô D'Angelo utiliza de sua formação jornalística para retratar em seu trabalho principalmente questões feministas, de igualdade de gênero, e sobre a luta LGBTQIA+. Através dos quadrinhos e do desenho sua obra atinge um público amplo, dissociando-se da resistência que muitos encontram ao se deparar com a leitura verbal e facilitando a propagação da temática.

Indicada na Categoria Webtiras pelo troféu HQMIX em 2020, a artista possui uma produção constante de tirinhas e charges jornalísticas, além de quadrinhos institucionais, encomendas e trabalhos autorais. Através do financiamento coletivo a artista foi capaz de realizar a publicação de suas duas histórias em quadrinhos autorais longas, além do trabalho Webnona, uma coletânea de tirinhas que reúne outros artistas brasileiros e as zines "Cineterapia", "Nem todo homem" e "O pequeno livro dos grandes xingamentos".

TCC: Quatro Marias – 2016
Insatisfeita com o jornalismo tradicional e buscando abordar questões relevantes através da arte e dos quadrinhos o projeto do trabalho de conclusão de curso de Helô na Faculdade Cásper Líbero foi a elaboração de uma história em quadrinhos jornalística, o projeto Quatro Marias – Uma reportagem em quadrinhos, sobre as realidades do aborto no Brasil reúne histórias reais de quatro mulheres que realizam abortos clandestinamente. As personagens são adaptadas para preservar a identidade das quatro mulheres, porém retratam histórias reais, sendo divididas em Maria Memória, Maria Dentro da Lei, Maria Mudança e Maria Julieta as histórias expõem as dificuldades e sacrifícios exigidos por diferentes mulheres em condições financeiras e sociais diferentes.

Dora e a Gata - 2019
Publicada no ano de 2019 de forma independente e indicada ao Prêmio Grampo de grandes HQs em 2020, a história em quadrinhos Dora e a Gata foi a primeira publicação da artista e é uma adaptação de suas publicações realizadas no Instagram e narra a história de uma jovem a partir do momento em que adota sua gata, a obra de ficção aborda temas como o relacionamento abusivo, o início da vida adulta, o amadurecimento e o autoconhecimento. Inspirada na própria gata Jerí, a HQ é a primeira obra ficcional longa da artista que até então utilizava ainda do jornalismo para criar suas histórias.

Isolamento – 2021
No início do ano de 2020, Helô se muda para um apartamento em Pinheiros, bairro na cidade de São Paulo e logo no mês de março é decretada a pandemia de Covid-19; percebendo a acústica do ambiente em frente ao seu prédio a artista começa a realizar tirinhas e publicá-las nas redes sociais.  A HQ Isolamento, de 208 páginas surge então como uma compilação dos quadrinhos semanais em que retrata o dia a dia de doze núcleos de personagens inspirados pelos vizinhos de seu apartamento a frente. O projeto foi financiado via Catarse e publicado de forma independente no ano de 2021.

Autoras de banda desenhada
Autores de banda desenhada do Brasil
Ilustradores do Brasil
Naturais do estado de São Paulo
Alunos da Faculdade de Comunicação Social Cásper Líbero

Helô D'Angelo


Didolića dvori sklop građevina u mjestu Selcima na Braču.

Smješten je u središtu mjesta sjeveroistočno od crkve Krista kralja. Sklop je podigla istaknuta selačka obitelj Didolić u drugoj pol. 19. st. i bio je središte kulturnog i političkog života u doba Narodnog preporoda u Dalmaciji. Pred glavnom zgradom proteže s prostrani vrt sa zgradama gospodarske namjene. Monumentalna kamena dvokatnica L oblika zidana je pravilnim kvaderima, a na terasi je sačuvana kruna bunara s grbom Trojedne kraljevine. Kuća je stradala 1943. u paljenju Selaca.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-5584 zavedeni su kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - kulturno-povijesna cjelina, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "urbana cjelina".

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Zaštićene stambeno-gospodarske građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Građevine u Selcima

Didolića dvori u Selcima


The Cambridge History of Iran es un compendio de siete volúmenes dedicados a la historia y geografía de Irán así como los movimientos migratorios de los pueblos iranios desde la prehistoria hasta finales de la década de 1980.

La publicación se inició en 1968 y en 1989 el último volumen fue publicado. La idea de publicar un estudio que abarcase la historia y la cultura iraní, fue concebida en 1959 por Arthur J. Arberry. De acuerdo con el profesor Darke Hubert, la serie fue planeada para no ser simplemente una historia política de Irán, sino para estudiar la cultura que floreció en la región iraní y la contribución de esta cultura a la civilización del mundo. Todos los aspectos de la filosofía religiosa, económica, científica y los elementos artísticos de la civilización iraníes han sido estudiados y publicados, pero con cierto énfasis en los factores geográficos y ecológicos que han contribuido a su carácter especial.

Volúmenes
La serie consta de siete volúmenes, aunque el volumen 3 se publicó en dos partes.
 1968, Volumen 1 - The Land of Iran, editado por William B. Fisher.
 1985, Volumen 2 - The Median and Achaemenian Periods, editado por Ilya Gershevitch.
 1983, Volumen 3 - The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods, editado por Ehsan Yarshater.
 1975, Volumen 4 - From the Arab invasion to the Saljuqs, editado por Richard Nelson Frye.
 1968, Volumen 5 - The Saljuq and Mongol Periods, editado por John Andrew Boyle.
 1986, Volumen 6 - The Timurid and Safavid Periods, editado por Laurence Lockhart y Peter Jackson.
 1990, Volumen 7 - From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, editado por Peter Avery, Gavin R. G. Hambly y Charles Peter Melville.

Véase también
 Daniel Schlumberger, cuyos trabajos frente la DAFA en Asia Central, sirvieron como base para el volumen 3.

Referencias

Libros históricos sobre Irán
[[Categoría:Libros publicados por Cambridge University Press
Iranología
]]

The Cambridge History of Iran


NGC 357 este o galaxie lenticulară, posibil spirală, situată în constelația Balena. A fost descoperită în 10 septembrie 1785 de către William Herschel. De asemenea, a fost observată încă o dată în 2 ianuarie 1827 de către John Herschel.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 356
 NGC 358

Legături externe
 NGC 357 pe WikiSky
 NGC 357 pe spider.seds.org

Galaxii
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1785
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de William Herschel

NGC 357


Amagerkonerne sælger Blomster paa Højbro Plads er en dansk stumfilmsoptagelse fra 1913 med ukendt instruktør. I optagelsen ses journalisten Anker Kirkeby (1884-1957), der tog initiativ til optagelsen af en række portrætfilm i 1913-1914.

Handling
Bønderkoner fra Amager sælger blomster til Anker Kirkeby på Højbro Plads i København, mens en herre i overfrakke passerer, og en dreng i arbejdstøj lidt efter ser til. Storkespringvandet ses i baggrunden.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1913
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film omhandlende København i 1900-tallet
Amager


LSK Kvinner Fotballklubb er en norsk fodboldklub for kvinder i Norge, hjemmehørende i Lillestrøm.

Klubbens førstehold afvikler sine hjemmebanekampe i den indendørs arena LSK-Hallen i Lillestrøm, hvor dets hold spiller i sorte bukser og gule trøjer.

Resultater
Toppserien
Vinder (7): 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019
Sølv (5): 1992, 1995, 2005, 2008, 2013

 Norgesmesterskapet i fotball for kvinner
Vinder (6): 1992, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019
Finalist (3): 2005, 2008, 2009

UEFA-turneringer
 Kvartfinale ved UEFA Women's Champions League: 2018–19

Nylig historie
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
! Sæson
!
! Pos.
! Pl.
! V
! U
! T
! M+
! M-
! P
!Pokal
!Noter
|-
|2005
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=silver|2
|align=right|18||align=right|12||align=right|3||align=right|3
|align=right|44||align=right|22||align=right|39
|bgcolor=silver|Finale
|
|-
|2006
|TS
|align=right |4
|align=right|18||align=right|12||align=right|2||align=right|4
|align=right|46||align=right|25||align=right|38
||Kvartfinale
|
|-
|2007
|TS
|align=right |5
|align=right|22||align=right|10||align=right|6||align=right|6
|align=right|37||align=right|29||align=right|36
||Kvartfinale
|
|-
|2008
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=silver|2
|align=right|22||align=right|14||align=right|4||align=right|4
|align=right|44||align=right|22||align=right|46
|bgcolor=silver|Finale
|
|-
|2009
|TS
|align=right |4
|align=right|22||align=right|11||align=right|3||align=right|8
|align=right|48||align=right|31||align=right|36
|bgcolor=silver|Finale
|
|-
|2010
|TS
|align=right |6
|align=right|22||align=right|11||align=right|3||align=right|8
|align=right|42||align=right|32||align=right|36
|Semifinale
|
|-
|2011
|TS
|align=right |5
|align=right|22||align=right|13||align=right|1||align=right|8
|align=right|47||align=right|42||align=right|40
|Kvartfinale
|
|-
|2012
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=gold|1
|align=right|22||align=right|18||align=right|2||align=right|2
|align=right|66||align=right|17||align=right|56
|Kvartfinale
|
|-
|2013
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=silver|2
|align=right|22||align=right|15||align=right|4||align=right|3
|align=right|51||align=right|18||align=right|49
|Semifinale
|
|-
|2014
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=gold|1
|align=right|22||align=right|18||align=right|3||align=right|1
|align=right|64||align=right|14||align=right|57
|bgcolor=gold|Vinder
|
|-
|2015
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=gold|1
|align=right|22||align=right|18||align=right|2||align=right|2
|align=right|58||align=right|16||align=right|56
|bgcolor=gold|Vinder
|
|-
|2016
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=gold|1
|align=right|22||align=right|19||align=right|3||align=right|0
|align=right|88||align=right|10||align=right|60
|bgcolor=gold|Vinder
|
|-
|2017
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=gold | 1
|align=right | 22 || align=right | 19 || align=right | 2 || align=right | 1
|align=right | 68 || align=right | 18 || align=right | 59
|semifinale
|
|-
|2018
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=gold | 1
|align=right | 22 || align=right | 20 || align=right | 1 || align=right | 1
|align=right | 71 || align=right | 15 || align=right | 61
|bgcolor=gold|Vinder
|
|-
|2019
|TS
|align=right bgcolor=gold | 1
|align=right | 22 || align=right | 15 || align=right | 5 || align=right | 2
|align=right | 51 || align=right | 18 || align=right | 50
|bgcolor=gold|Vinder
|
|}

Aktuel trup

Deltagelse i Europæiske turneringer
UEFA Women's Champions League:
 2009–10: Kvalifkationsrunde (som Team Strommen)
 2013–14: Sekstendedelsfinaler
 2015–16: Ottendedelsfinaler
 2016–17: Sekstendedelsfinaler
 2018–19: Kvartfinale
 2019–20: Kvalifkationsrunde

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officiel hjemmeside

Kvindefodboldklubber i Norge

LSK Kvinner FK


Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra or Kyivo-Pechers'ka Lavra (), also known as the Kyiv Monastery of the Caves, is a historic Eastern Orthodox Christian monastery which gave its name to one of the city districts where it is located in Kyiv.

Since its foundation as the cave monastery in 1051, the Lavra has been a preeminent center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Eastern Europe.

Etymology and other names

The word pechera means cave. The word lavra is used to describe high-ranking male monasteries for monks of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Therefore, the name of the monastery is also translated as Kyiv Cave Monastery, Kyiv Caves Monastery or the Kyiv Monastery of the Caves (на печерах).

History

Foundation and early history
According to the Primary Chronicle, in the early 11th century, Anthony, a Christian monk from Esphigmenon monastery on Mount Athos, originally from Liubech of the Principality of Chernigov, returned to Rus' and settled in Kyiv as a missionary of monastic tradition to Kyivan Rus'. He chose a cave at the Berestov Mount that overlooked the Dnieper River and a community of disciples soon grew. Prince Iziaslav I of Kyiv ceded the whole mount to the Anthonite monks who founded a monastery built by architects from Constantinople.

Modern history
Together with the Saint Sophia Cathedral, the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra has been inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990. The monastery complex is considered a separate national historic-cultural preserve (sanctuary), the national status to which was granted on 13 March 1996. The Lavra is not only located in another part of the city, but is part of a different national sanctuary than Saint Sophia Cathedral. While being a cultural attraction, the monastery is once again active, with over 100 monks in residence. It was named one of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine on 21 August 2007.

Until the end of 2022, jurisdiction over the site had been divided between the state museum, National Kyiv-Pechersk Historic-Cultural Preserve, and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) as the site of the chief monastery of that Church and the residence of its leader, Onufrius, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine. In January 2023, the Ukrainian government terminated the UOC-MP's lease of the Dormition Cathedral and the Refectory Church (also known as the Trapezna Church), returning those properties to direct state control. It also announced that the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) had been granted permission to celebrate a Christmas service in the Dormition Cathedral, on 7 January 2023, Orthodox Christmas by the Old Calendar, a service which was celebrated by Metropolitan Epiphanius at 9am that day.

On 10 March 2023, the National Kyiv-Pechersk Historic-Cultural Preserve announced that the 2013 agreement on the free use of churches by the UOC-MP would be terminated on the grounds that the church had violated their lease by making alterations to the historic site, and other technical infractions. The UOC-MP was ordered to leave the territory by 29 March. The UOC-MP answered back that there were no legal grounds for the eviction and called it "a whim of officials from the Ministry of Culture." On 17 March 2023 the press secretary for Russian President Vladimir Putin Dmitry Peskov stated that the decision of the Ukrainian authorities not to extend this lease to representatives of the UOC-MP "confirms the correctness" of the (24 February 2022) Russian invasion of Ukraine. The UOC-MP did not fully leave Kyiv Pechersk Lavra following 29 March 2023.

Hegumens

The hegumens of Kyiv Pechersk Lavra are listed below.

Buildings and structures

The Kyiv Pechersk Lavra contains numerous architectural monuments, ranging from bell towers to cathedrals to cave systems and to strong stone fortification walls. The main attractions of the Lavra include the Great Lavra Belltower, and the Dormition Cathedral, destroyed in fighting the Germans World War II, and fully reconstructed in the 1990s after the fall of Soviet Union by Ukraine.

Other churches and cathedrals of the Lavra include: the Refectory Church, the Church of All Saints, the Church of the Saviour at Berestove, the Church of the Exaltation of Cross, the Church of the Trinity, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, the Church of the Conception of St. Anne, and the Church of the Life-Giving Spring. The Lavra also contains many other constructions, including: the St. Nicholas Monastery, the Kyiv Theological Academy and Seminary, and the Debosquette Wall.

Great Lavra Belltower

The Great Lavra Belltower is one of the most notable features of the Kyiv skyline and among the main attractions of the Lavra. 96.5 meters in height, it was the tallest free-standing belltower at the time of its construction in 1731–1745, and was designed by the architect Johann Gottfried Schädel. It is a Classical style construction and consists of tiers, surmounted by a gilded dome.

Dormition Cathedral

Built in the 11th century, the main church of the monastery was destroyed during the World War II, a couple of months after the Nazi Germany troops occupied the city of Kyiv, during which the Soviet Union conducted the controversial 1941 Khreshchatyk explosions. Withdrawing Soviet troops practiced the tactics of scorched earth and blew up all the Kyiv bridges over Dnieper as well as the main Khreshchatyk street and Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. The destruction of the cathedral followed a pattern of Soviet disregard for cultural heritage, as they previously blew up the ancient St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery nearby in the 1930s.

In 1928, the monastery was converted into an anti-religious museum park by the Soviet authorities and after their return no efforts were provided to restore the church. The temple was finally restored in 1995 after Ukraine obtained its independence and the construction was accomplished in two years. The new Dormition Church was consecrated in 2000.

Gate Church of the Trinity

The Gate Church of the Trinity is located atop the Holy Gates, which houses the entrance to the monastery. According to a legend, this church was founded by the Chernihiv Prince Sviatoslav II. It was built atop an ancient stone church which used to stand in its place.
After the fire of 1718, the church was rebuilt, its revered facades and interior walls enriched with ornate stucco work made by craftsman V. Stefaovych.
In the 18th century, a new gilded pear-shaped dome was built, the facade and exterior walls were decorated with stucco-moulded plant ornaments and a vestibule built of stone attached to the north end. In the early 20th century, the fronts and the walls flanking the entrance were painted by icon painters under the guidance of V. Sonin. The interior of the Gate Trinity Church contains murals by the early 18th century painter Alimpy Galik.

Refectory chambers with Church of the Saints Anthony and Theodosius

The refectory chambers with the Church of the Saints Anthony and Theodosius is the third in a series of temples. The original temple was built in the 12th century and no drawings or visual depictions of it remain. The second temple was built at the time of the Cossack Hetmanate and was disassembled by the Russian authorities in the 19th century. It was replaced with the current temple, often referred to as the Refectory Church of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra.

The All Saints Church
The All Saints Church, erected in 1696–1698, is a fine specimen of Ukrainian baroque architecture. Characteristic of the church facades are rich architectural embellishments. In 1905, students of the Lavra art school painted the interior walls of the church. The carved wooden iconostasis is multi-tiered and was made for the All Saints church in the early 18th century.

Church of the Saviour at Berestov

The Church of the Saviour at Berestove is located to the North of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. It was constructed in the village of Berestove around the start of the 11th century during the reign of Prince Vladimir Monomakh. It later served as the mausoleum of the Monomakh dynasty, also including Yuri Dolgoruki, the founder of Moscow. Despite being outside the Lavra fortifications, the Church of the Saviour at Berestove is part of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra complex.

Caves

The Kyiv Pechersk Lavra caverns are a system of narrow underground corridors (about 1-1½ metres wide and 2-2½ metres high), along with numerous living quarters and underground chapels. In 1051, the monk Anthony settled in an old cave in a hill near the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. This cave received additions including corridors and a church, and is now the Far Caves. In 1057, Anthony moved to a cave near the Upper Lavra, now called the Near Caves.

Foreign travellers in the 16th–17th centuries wrote that the catacombs of the Lavra stretched for hundreds of kilometres, reaching as far as Moscow and Novgorod, spreading awareness of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra.

Burials
There are over a hundred burials in the Lavra. Below are the most notable ones
 Ilya Muromets – in the caves (c. 11th–12th century)
 Nestor the Chronicler – in the Near Caves (c. 1114)
 Saint Kuksha – in the Near Caves (c. 1114)
 Alipy of the Caves – in the Near Caves (c. 1114)
 Agapetus of Pechersk – in the Near Caves (c. 11th century)
 Oleg son of Vladimir II Monomakh – in the Church of the Saviour at Berestove (c. 12th century)
 Eufemia of Kyiv daughter of Vladimir II Monomakh – in the Church of the Saviour at Berestove (1139)
 Yuri Dolgoruki – in the Church of the Saviour at Berestove (1157)
 Skirgaila – regent Grand Duke of Lithuania (1397)
 Konstanty Ostrogski – near the Cathedral of the Dormition (1530)
 Vasily Kochubey – near the Refectory Church (1708)
 Ivan Iskra – near the Refectory Church (1708)
 Pyotr Stolypin – near the Refectory Church (1911)
 St. Spyridon – in the caves (c. 19th–20th century)
 Pope Clement I – his head in the Far Caves (his remaining relics brought to San Clemente in Rome by Sts. Cyril and Methodius)

During the Soviet era, the bodies of the saints that lay in the caves were left uncovered due to the regime's disregard for religion. However, after the fall of the Soviet Union, the bodies were covered with a cloth and to this day remain in the same state.

Museum

The Kyiv Pechersk Lavra is one of the largest museums in Kyiv. The exposition is the actual ensemble of the Upper (Near Caves) and Lower (Far Caves) Lavra territories, which house many architectural relics of the past. The collection within the churches and caves includes articles of precious metal, prints, higher clergy portraits and rare church hierarchy photographs. The main exposition contains articles from 16th to early 20th centuries, which include chalices, crucifixes, and textiles from 16th–19th centuries, with needlework and embroidery of Ukrainian masters. The remainder of the collection consists of pieces from the Lavra's Printing House and the Lavra's Icon Painting Workshop.

The museum provides tours of the catacombs, which contain remains of Eastern Orthodox saints or their relics. The Caves are of geological interest because they are excavated into loess ground. They form one of the most extensive occurrences of loess caves in the world.

The Lavra museums include:
Museum of Historical Treasures of Ukraine
Martynivka Treasure
Book and print history museum
Museum of Ukrainian Folk Art
Theater and film arts museum
State historical library

Images

See also
Šimon
Yakun
List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ukraine

Notes

References

Sources

 Kyiv Pechersk Lavra article in Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary.
 Kyivan Cave Monastery  in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine .
 Schotkina, Kateryna. "Kyiv Pechersk Lavra: Take away and Divide" in Zerkalo Nedeli, 11–17 November 2006.

External links

 Holy Dormition Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra – Official site
 National Kyiv-Pechersk Historico-Cultural Preserve
 Drawings and Sketches by Students of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra Monastery Workshop
 M. Z. Petrenko. Cave labyrinths on the territory of the National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve. Photo essay. Kyiv, Mystetstvo, 1974.
 National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve. A set of postcards. Kyiv, Mystetstvo, 1977.
 Video "Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (4k UltraHD)"

Eastern Orthodox monasteries in Ukraine
Monasteries of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
World Heritage Sites in Ukraine
Buildings and structures in Kyiv
Tourist attractions in Kyiv
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
1051 establishments in Europe
Eastern Orthodox church buildings
Historic sites in Ukraine
Landmarks in Kyiv
Protected areas of Ukraine
Protected areas established in 1926
Monuments and memorials in Kyiv
Religious museums in Ukraine
Cave monasteries
Cemeteries in Kyiv
Pecherskyi District
Symbols of Kyiv
Lavras

Kyiv Pechersk Lavra


The Scottish Assembly was a proposed legislature for Scotland that would have devolved a set list of powers from the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  The Labour Government led the Scotland Act 1978 through Westminster which provided for the establishment of the Scottish Assembly.

Although the majority of those who voted at the referendum on 1 March 1979 voted in favour of the Act, the provisions were not put in place due to the additional requirement that 40% of the total electorate also vote in favour. The Scottish National Party subsequently refused to support the government in a later vote of no confidence. Home rule for Scotland would not become a reality until 1999 following the Scotland Act 1998 establishing the Scottish Parliament.

History

A devolved Scottish Assembly that would have some form of legislative powers in jurisdiction over Scotland was a long-held political priority for many individuals and organisations.  The drive for home rule first took concrete shape in the nineteenth century, as demands for it in Ireland were met with similar (although not as widespread) demands in Scotland.

19th Century

In 1853 the National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights was established.  This body was close to the Conservatives and was motivated by a desire to secure more focus on Scottish problems in response to what they felt was undue attention being focused on Ireland by the then Liberal government.

This body was concerned with increasing the attention that Scotland was receiving and did not advocate legislative devolution in the form of an assembly as such, but nevertheless, it marked the beginning of a political focus on Scotland.

Shortly after this, the Liberals began to commit to home rule.  In 1871, William Ewart Gladstone stated at a meeting held in Aberdeen that if Ireland was to be granted home rule, then the same should apply to Scotland. In 1885 the post of Secretary for Scotland was re-established as the demands for greater political focus on Scotland grew. In the following year Gladstone introduced a home rule bill for Ireland helping to prompt the formation of the Scottish Home Rule Association, a nominally non-partisan political organisation, but actually closely tied with the Liberals, which aimed for the establishment of an assembly.

Early 20th Century

From 1895 to 1905 the Conservatives and their Liberal Unionist allies were in power (the two combined usually referred to by the single moniker "Unionist"), and home rule did not feature as part of their plans.  However, the return of a Liberal government in 1905 gave great hope to those seeking an assembly, as the Liberals were officially committed to the idea. But it did not feature as an immediate priority of government, and by the time a Scottish home rule bill was presented to the Westminster Parliament in 1913, and passed second reading but did not proceed further due to the First World War.

After the war a second Scottish Home Rule Association was formed (the first had fallen into inactivity). This was driven not only by Liberals but also by those involved in the growing Labour Party and the Independent Labour Party in particular. The Labour Party, formed in 1900, was formally committed to establishing an assembly for Scotland and this seemed to increase prospects for home rule.

The demands for political change in the way in which Scotland was run changed dramatically in the 1920s when Scottish nationalists started to form various organisations. The Scots National League was formed in 1920 in favour of Scottish independence, and this movement was superseded in 1928 by the formation of the National Party of Scotland, which became the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 1934.

At first the SNP sought only the establishment of a devolved Scottish assembly, but in 1942 they changed this to support all-out independence.  This caused the resignation of John MacCormick from the SNP and he formed the Scottish Covenant Association.  This body proved to be the biggest mover in favour of the formation of a Scottish assembly, collecting over two million signatures in the late 1940s and early 1950s and attracting support from across the political spectrum.  However, without formal links to any of the political parties it withered, and devolution and the establishment of an assembly were put on the political back burner.

However, by the 1960s the SNP's support was growing, as shown by their victory in the 1967 Hamilton by-election. The pro Union parties responded by committing themselves to supporting devolution. The Labour government formed the Kilbrandon Commission to draw up devolution plans, and Edward Heath committed the Conservatives to supporting some form of devolution at the 1968 Scottish Conservative Conference in Perth (commonly known as his Declaration of Perth).

1970s

However the SNP had a disappointing result in the 1970 general election, and for the first part of the 1970s devolution under Heath's government was off the cards. But significant SNP advances in the general elections in 1974 brought the issue to the fore again.

In 1978 the Labour government passed the Scotland Act which legislated for the establishment of a Scottish Assembly, provided the Scots voted for such in a referendum. However, the Labour Party was bitterly divided on the subject of devolution. Despite officially favouring it, vast numbers of members opposed the establishment of an assembly, and this division caused the failure to reach the required 40% of the electorate voting in favour of an assembly (that itself was a quota only added to the Scotland Act by an amendment proposed by a Labour MP).

The ensuing general election in 1979 proved electorally disastrous for both Labour and the SNP, and it seemed that the prospects for a Scottish Assembly were remote. However, in the early 1980s a number of Labour Party and SNP members decided to form the Campaign for a Scottish Assembly, which pamphleteered and lobbied for devolution.  This campaign, combined with growing resentment at the fact that despite a majority of Scots voting against the Conservatives they were forming their government, increased demands for the establishment of a devolved Scottish Assembly.

Scottish Assembly proposed in the Scotland Act 1978

Structure
Had the Scotland Act 1978 entered force, it would have created a Scottish Assembly with limited legislative powers. There would have been a Scottish Executive headed by a "First Secretary", taking over some of the functions of the Secretary of State for Scotland. Meetings of the Scottish Assembly would have been held at the Old Royal High School in Regent Road, Edinburgh. The former school hall was adapted for use by the Scottish Assembly, including the installation of microphones and new olive green leather seating. Members would have been elected by the first past the post system.

Powers and legislation
The Scottish Assembly would have had the power to introduce primary legislation (to be known as Measures of the Scottish Assembly) within defined areas of competence. This form of legislation would not receive royal assent like Acts of Parliament do. Instead, the legislation is signed via an Order in Council, which the monarch signs and appends to the Act of Assembly once passed.

The areas of responsibility included:
Education
The environment
Health
Home affairs
Legal matters
Social services

Responsibility for agriculture, fisheries and food would be divided between the Assembly and the United Kingdom government, while the latter would retain control of electricity supply.

Two possible contenders for the post of First Secretary were the Reverend Geoff Shaw, leader of Strathclyde Regional Council, and Professor John P Mackintosh MP – but both died in 1978.

Scottish Constitutional Convention
In 1989 the Scottish Constitutional Convention was formed encompassing the Labour Party and the Lib-Dems as well as other parties, local authorities, and huge sections of civic Scotland.  Its purpose was to devise a scheme for the formation of a devolution settlement for Scotland.  Suddenly the prospects for a Scottish Assembly seemed much brighter, despite the fact the SNP decided not to take part as they felt that independence would not be a constitutional option countenanced by the convention.

The convention produced its final report in 1995 and, with the return of a Labour government in 1997, devolution seemed assured.  Later that year the Scottish people voted overwhelmingly in favour of establishing the devolved Scottish Parliament in a referendum, and the first elections for that body took place in 1999.

References

Scottish devolution

Scottish Assembly


Faisal, Faisel, Fayçal or Faysal () is an Arabic given name.
Faisal, Fayçal or Faysal may also refer to:

People
 King Faisal (disambiguation)
 Faisal I of Iraq and Syria (1885–1933), leader during the Arab Revolt
 Faisal II of Iraq (1935–1958), last King of the Kingdom of Iraq
 Faisal of Saudi Arabia (1906–1975), third King of Saudi Arabia
Faisal Al-Fayez (born 1952), Jordanian Prime Minister.
Faisal al-Duwaish (1882–1931), Arabian tribe sheik
Faisal Amin Abu-Rass, Yemeni diplomat
 Faisal Karami (born 1971), Lebanese politician
 Faisal bin Abdullah Al Saud (born 1950), Saudi royal
 Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud (born 1945), Saudi government official
 Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud, Saudi royal and businessman
 Faisal bin Khalid Al Saud (born 1973), Saudi government official
 Faisal bin Mishaal Al Saud (born 1959), Saudi government official
 Faisal bin Musaid Al Saud, Saudi royal
 Faisal bin Sattam Al Saud (born 1970), Saudi ambassador to Italy
 Faisal bin Turki Al Saud, Saudi royal
 Faisal bin Turki I Al Saud (1920–1968), Saudi royal
 Faisal Saeed Al Mutar (1991–Present), Iraqi Human Rights Activist

Places
 Faisal Cantonment, a cantonment town in Karachi, Pakistan
 Faisal Colony, a neighbourhood of New Karachi Town in Karachi, Pakistan.
 Faisal Equestrian Club, an equestrian club and restaurant in Gaza
 Faisal Town, a residential area of Lahore
 King Faisal Mosque (disambiguation)
 Faisal Mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan
 King Faisal Mosque, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Other uses
 Faisal (film), a 2017 Indian film retitled Rubaai
 Faysal Bank, a bank based in Pakistan

See also
Fadhil
 Fazal
 Faisalabad, a city in Punjab, Pakistan

Arabic-language masculine given names
Masculine given names
fr:Fayçal

Faisal


Cortex Park Station er en  letbanestation på Odense Letbane, beliggende på Campusvej ved Cortex Park i Odense. Stationen åbnede sammen med letbanen 28. maj 2022.

Letbanen ligger midt på Campusvej. Stationen ligger lidt syd for krydset med Niels Bohrs Allé og består af to spor med hver sin sideliggende perron med adgang via et fodgængerfelt. Nord for stationen er stisystemet omkring krydset blevet optimeret i forbindelse med anlæggelsen af letbanen, blandt andet med en ny stitunnel under Niels Bohrs Allé. Syd for stationen er Campusvej spærret for biltrafik, der i stedet må køre øst eller vest om Syddansk Universitet.

Samtidig med anlæggelsen af letbanen er de tidligere marker omkring vejen ved at blive erstattet af den ny forsker- og erhvervsbydel Cortex Park. I området øst for stationen ligger således kontorhotellet og konferencebygningen Videnbyen og Syddansk Universitets afdeling Cortex Lab.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Odense Letbane

Referencer

Odense Letbane

Cortex Park Station


Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (d. 27 Temmuz 1881, İstanbul - ö. 16 Temmuz 1964, İstanbul), Türk asker, siyasetçi. Osmanlı Devleti'nin son dönemlerinde, Kurtuluş Savaşı'nda ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti döneminde önemli görevlerde bulunmuştur. Trablusgarp ve Balkan Savaşları'nda gösterdiği başarıdan ötürü Hamidiye Kahramanı olarak tanındı. 1918 Ekim'inde Osmanlı Devleti'nin Bahriye Nazırı olarak görev yapan Orbay, devletin çöküş belgesi olan Mondros Mütarekesi'ni hükûmet adına imzalayan kişidir.

Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı sırasında 12 Temmuz 1922-4 Ağustos 1923 tarihleri arasında Türkiye'nin başvekilliğini üstlendi; Mustafa Kemal Paşa ve Fevzi Paşa'dan sonra Türkiye'nin üçüncü başbakanıdır (icra vekilleri heyeti reisi).

Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası'nın kurucularındadır. İzmir Suikastı davasında idamla yargılanmış, on yıla mahkûm edilmiştir. 1939'da politikaya dönen Orbay, Kastamonu mebusluğu ve Londra büyükelçiliği yapmıştır.

Hayatı
Babası, Abhaz kökenli Bahriye Birinci Feriki (Oramiral) ve Ayan Meclisi azası Mehmet Muzaffer Paşa'dır. Mehmet Muzaffer Paşa, Girit Bahriye Üssünde görevliyken Koca Memi sülalesinden Tahrirat Müdürü Emin Efendi'nin kızı Hayriye Rüveyde Hanımla evlenmiştir. Bu evlilikten iki erkek, üç kız toplamda beş çocukları olmuştur, bu çocuklardan biri Rauf Orbay'dır.

1881'de İstanbul'da Cibali semtinde dünyaya gelmiştir. Babasının görevi nedeniyle orta öğrenimini Trablus Askeri Rüştiyesi'nde yaptıktan sonra İstanbul'a döndü. Heybeliada Bahriye Okulu'nu 1899'da bitirip deniz kuvvetlerine katıldı.

Askeri kariyeri

Güverte mühendisi (teğmen) rütbesiyle askeri yaşamına başlayan Hüseyin Rauf 1901'de üsteğmenliğe, 1904'te yüzbaşı rütbesine yükseldi. 1904'te Mesudiye zırhlısına atandı. 1905-1911 arasında gemi satın alma, gemi inşa tezgâhlarını inceleme gibi görevlerle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Birleşik Krallık, Almanya'da bulundu. 1907'de kolağalığına (kıdemli yüzbaşı) yükseldi. 13 Kasım 1907'de sağkolağası (ön yüzbaşı) olarak 31 Mart Ayaklanması sebebiyle İstanbul'a gelen Hareket Ordusu'nun faaliyetlerine katıldı. Bu harekât sırasında Mustafa Kemal ve İsmet Bey ile tanıştı.

25 Mayıs 1909'da Hamidiye Gemisi komutanlığına atandı Arnavutluk Ayaklanmasının bastırılmasında rol oynadı. 1911 Türk-İtalyan Savaşı'nda Trablusgarp'a ikmal sevkiyatında görev aldı. Balkan Savaşları başladığında Hamidiye kruvazöründe süvari idi.

Hamidiye Harekâtı
I. Balkan Savaşı sırasında Yunan donanması Çanakkale'yi abluka altına almıştı. Rauf Bey komutasındaki Hamidiye, ablukadan kaçmayı başararak Akdeniz'e açıldı; tarihin ilk korsan kruvazör harekâtını gerçekleştirdi. 7 ay 24 gün süren harekât, bütün Akdeniz'i, zaman zaman Kızıldeniz'i de içine alıyordu. Harekât boyunca Hamidiye Sırbistan'da askeri tesisleri bombaladı; düşman savaş ve ticaret gemilerini batırdı, Çanakkale ağzındaki Yunan baskısını azalttı. Bütün dünya basının gün gün takip ettiği harekât Osmanlı Devleti açısından büyük bir propaganda başarısı sağladı.

Rauf Bey kamuoyunda "Hamidiye Kahramanı" olarak tanındı. Devlet Hamidiye Kruvazörü Hümâyunu adını taşıyan bir madalya ihdas etti. 2 Temmuz 1913'te daha dönüş yolunda iken Rauf Bey binbaşılığa terfi ettirildi. O yılın sonuna kadar Hamidiye kruvazörünün komutanı olarak göreve devam etti.

I. Dünya Savaşı

I. Dünya Savaşı'nda İran ve Irak'ta Osmanlı gizli örgütü Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa'nın bir görevlisi olarak bulundu. Kerkük'te iken yarbaylığa terfi etti; Deniz Kuvvetleri Kurmay Başkanlığı'na atanınca İstanbul'a döndü. 1917'de Bahriye Nazırı Cemal Paşa ile birlikte Alman İmparatoru II. Wilhelm'ı ziyaret etti. Dönüşte kalyon kaptanlığına (albay) yükseltildi. Savaş boyunda Deniz Kurmay Başkanı sıfatıyla bu görevde kaldı. Brest Litovsk Barış Konferansı'nda Deniz Kuvvetleri delegesi olarak Osmanlı'yı temsil etti.

Bahriye Nazırlığı
Rauf Bey, savaşın kaybedilmesi ve İttihat ve Terakki hükûmetinin istifa etmesinden sonra kurulan Ahmet İzzet Paşa kabinesinde Bahriye Nazırlığı görevine getirildi ve Osmanlı Devleti'nin çöküş belgesi olan Mondros Mütarekesi'ni hükûmet adına imzalamak zorunda kaldı. Bahriye Nazırlığı, onun son askeri görevi oldu.

Siyasi kariyeri

Millî Mücadele'ye katılması

Rauf Paşa, Ahmet İzzet Paşa kabinesinin çekilmesi üzerine Bahriye Nazırlığı'ndan ayrıldı ve Anadolu'daki Millî Mücadele hareketine katıldı. 8 Haziran 1919'da Ankara'ya ulaştı. Mustafa Kemal Paşa'ya katılmak üzere Ali Fuat Paşa ile birlikte Amasya'ya geçtiler. 22 Haziran 1919 tarihli Amasya Genelgesi'ni imzaladılar.

Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile birlikte Erzurum'a giden Rauf Bey, Erzurum Kongresi'nde Heyet-i Temsiliye Başkan vekili idi. Ardından Sivas'a geçti ve Sivas Kongresi başlamadan önce kongrenin başkan yardımcılığına getirildi. İstanbul'daki Son Meclis-i Mebusân toplantısına Heyet-i Temsiliye adına katılacak delege olarak seçildi.

Son Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı
Hüseyin Rauf Bey, Sivas Kongresi'nden sonra Son Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı'na Heyet-i Temsiliye adına katılmak üzere Hüsrev Gerede ile birlikte İstanbul'a gitti. Mecliste Felah-ı Vatan grubunun kurulmasına önderlik etti. 16 Mart 1920'de meclisin İngiliz kuvvetleri tarafından basılmasından sonra tutuklanan Rauf Bey, 22 Mart 1920'da Malta'ya sürgüne gönderildi.

Rauf Bey, Malta'da 20 ay süre tutuklu kaldıktan sonra İnebolu'da Binbaşı Rawlinson'la mübâdele edildi. 15 Kasım 1921'de Ankara'ya gelen Rauf Bey, Sivas milletvekili sıfatı ile TBMM'ye katıldı.

Başvekillik
21 Kasım 1921'de Nafia vekilliği (Bayındırlık Bakanlığı) ve Meclis ikinci başkanlığı görevlerine getirilen Rauf Bey, 14 Ocak 1922'ye kadar bu görevlerde kaldı.

30 Ağustos 1922 Başkomutanlık Meydan Muharebesi öncesinde Fevzi Paşa'nın yoğun çalışmaları sebebiyle TBMM İcra Vekilleri Heyeti Başkanlığı görevine geldi ve 12 Temmuz 1922-4 Ağustos 1923 arasında TBMM İcra Vekilleri Heyeti Başkanlığı yaptı.

Kurtuluş Savaşı'nın Türk ordusunun zaferiyle sonuçlanmasının ardından başlayan Lozan Barış Konferansı sırasında İsmet Paşa'nın üstlendiği Millî Savunma ve Dışişleri Bakanlıklarına vekalet etme görevi Rauf Bey'de idi. Lozan görüşmeleri sırasında bazı hükûmet kararlarının dışına çıktığı için İsmet Paşa'ya sözleşmeyi imzalama yetkisini vermemesi iki devlet adamının arasını açtı. İsmet Paşa'ya gerekli yetkiyi TBMM reisi Mustafa Kemal verdi. Lozan Anlaşması'nın imzalanmasından sonra Rauf Bey başbakanlıktan istifa etti.

İzmir Suikastı davası

İkinci dönemde İstanbul milletvekili olarak mecliste yer alan Rauf Bey, Halk Fırkası'ndan bağımsız bir politika takip etmeye başladı. 1924'te Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası kurulduğunda Rauf Bey, daha önce İkinci Grupta başlattığı muhalefetini bu toplulukta sürdürdü. Parti, 3 Haziran 1925'te kapatılıp, yönetici kadro, 17 Haziran 1926'daki İzmir Suikastı olayıyla ilgili görülerek yargılandı. Yargılama sırasında Rauf Bey, tedavi için Viyana'da bulunmaktaydı. Mahkeme on yıl kalebentliğe, medeni haklardan mahrum edilmesine ve mallarının haczine hüküm verdi. Rauf Bey hakkındaki suçlamaları ve kararı kesinlikle kabul etmedi, kararı temyiz imkânı olmadığı için de yurda dönmedi. Yurt dışına kaldığı dönemde Birleşik Krallık, Hindistan, Çin ve Mısır'da bulundu. 1933'te çıkan af kanunundan yararlanmayı "...benim asla ve hiçbir suretle en ufak bir cürümle dahi suçlu olmadığım için, ilan edilen aftan katiller ve şakiler gibi faydalanmayı düşünmem mümkün değildir" diyerek reddetti. Eniştesinin 1935'te vefatı üzerine ailesinin ısrarıyla yurda döndü. Yeniden politikaya atılarak 1939 yılında TBMM'nin altıncı döneminde Kastamonu'dan milletvekili seçildi; ancak Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi'ne katılmadı.

Eski sürgün mahkûmiyeti ile ilgili 12 Aralık 1940 tarihinde Millî Müdafaa Vekaleti aleyhine dava açtı. Gayesi, zaman aşımı gerekçesiyle ele alınmayan mahkûmiyetin haksızlığının tescil edilmesi idi. Askeri Temyiz Mahkemesi 23 Temmuz 1941 tarihli 1342 Esas sayılı kararı ile bunu tescil etti.

VI. Dönem Kastamonu Milletvekili seçilmiştir. II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında 1942'de Londra Büyükelçiliği'ne getirilmesi nedeniyle 16 Mart 1942 tarihinde Milletvekilliğinden istifa etmişti. Büyükelçilik görevinden de 1944 yılında kendi isteği ile ayrıldı ve bir daha devlet görevi kabul etmedi. 1949 ara seçimlere İstanbuldan bağımsız aday olarak girdi ama kazanamadı. Hayatının geri kalanını üniversitelerde ders ve konferanslar vererek ve de seyahatlere çıkarak geçirdi. 1964 yılında İstanbul'da geçirdiği kalp krizi sonucu öldü. Mezarı Erenköy'deki Sahrayıcedid Mezarlığı'ndadır.

Hatıraları
Rauf Orbay'ın siyasi hatıraları Feridun Kandemir tarafından haftalık Yakın Tarihimiz dergisinin çeşitli sayılarında yayımlandı. 1965 yılında Feridun Kandemir, Hâtıraları ve Söyleyemedikleri İle Rauf Orbay adlı kitabı yayımladı. Bu  hatıralar 1993'te, Rauf Orbay, Cehennem Değirmeni -Siyasî Hatıralarım, adıyla iki cilt halinde, 2003 yılında ise, Siyasî Hatıralar adıyla tek cilt halinde tekrar yayınlanmıştır.

Hakkındaki kitaplar
 Nurer Uğurlu, Gizli Belgelerle Rauf Orbay, İsmet İnönü Kavgası, 2005
 Hüseyin Rauf Orbay, Siyasi Hatıralar, 2003
 Nur Özmel Akın, Rauf Orbay'ın Londra Büyükelçiliği, 1942-1944, 1999
 Cemal Kutay, Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e Yüzyılımızda Bir İnsanımız: Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (5 cilt), 1992
 Hüseyin Rauf Orbay, Cehennem Değirmeni, 1993
 Erberk İnam, Rauf Bey, 1965
 Feridun Kandemir, Hatıraları ve Söylemedikleri ile Rauf Orbay, 1965

Kaynakça

1881 doğumlular
1964 yılında ölenler
İstanbul doğumlu askerler
Trablusgarp Savaşı'nda Osmanlı askerleri
Balkan Savaşları'nda Osmanlı askerleri
I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Osmanlı askerleri
Osmanlı denizcileri
Osmanlı deniz subayları
Kurtuluş Savaşı'ndaki Türk askerler
Abhaz asıllı Türkler
İttihat ve Terakki üyeleri
Son Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı (1920) Sivas üyeleri
Erzurum Kongresi delegeleri
Sivas Kongresi delegeleri
Malta sürgünleri
Türkiye'nin Birleşik Krallık büyükelçileri
İzmir Suikastı sanıkları
TBMM 1. dönem başkanvekilleri
Bahriye nâzırları
Mecidiye Nişanı sahipleri
Sahrayıcedid Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Deniz Harp Okulunda öğrenim görenler
Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa
Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası
TBMM 1. dönem Sivas milletvekilleri
TBMM 2. dönem İstanbul milletvekilleri
TBMM 6. dönem Kastamonu milletvekilleri
Kürt asıllı Türkler
Osmanlı Abhazları

Rauf Orbay


Helen Dean King ( - ) est une biologiste américaine.

Biographie
Née à Owego, dans l'État de New York, elle est diplômée du Vassar College en 1892 et, en 1899, elle obtient son doctorat en philosophie du collège Bryn Mawr, où elle est assistante étudiante en biologie de 1897 à 1904. Elle enseigne la physiologie à la Miss Baldwin's School, dans la ville de Bryn Mawr, de 1899 à 1907, est chargée de recherche à l'université de Pennsylvanie de 1906 à 1908, assistante en anatomie en 1908-1909 et associée après 1909 à l'Institut Wistar. Elle a également été assistante à Woods Hole, dans le Massachusetts. Ses recherches ont largement porté sur les problèmes de détermination du sexe. Elle est vice-présidente de la Société pour la biologie intégrative et comparative (Société américaine des zoologues) en 1937 ; elle est aussi rédactrice en chef adjointe du Journal of Morphology and Physiology de 1924 à 1927, et rédactrice en chef du service de bibliographie de l'Institut Wistar de 1922 à 1935. Helen Dean King a participé à la reproduction du rat de laboratoire Wistar, une lignée de rats albinos génétiquement homogènes destinée à être utilisée dans la recherche biologique et médicale.

Travaux

Les recherches scientifiques d'Helen Dean King ont, pour une grande part, porté sur la consanguinité ; elle s'est notamment intéressée à des problématiques humaines tout en utilisant pour cela des données issues d'expérimentations méticuleuses sur des rats de laboratoire. Elle a utilisé des rats quasiment homozygotes entre eux.

Elle a été une scientifique femme parmi une population de scientifiques majoritairement formée d'hommes ; ses travaux avec des rats presque homozygotes lui ont aussi permis de mieux s'insérer dans cette communauté et de pouvoir entrer dans certains lieux ou groupes autrement fermés aux femmes.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Étudiante du collège Bryn Mawr
Physiologiste américain
Professeur à l'université de Pennsylvanie
Décès en mars 1955
Naissance en septembre 1869
Étudiant du Vassar College
Femme scientifique du XXe siècle
Femme biologiste
Biologiste américain
Naissance à New York
Décès à Philadelphie
Décès à 85 ans

Helen Dean King


Campanula ledebouriana er tegund af klukkuætt (Campanulaceae), ættuð frá Tyrklandi og Kákasus.

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Campanula ledebouriana


Vasile Rus-Batin (n. 25 octombrie 1934, Batin, județul Cluj – d. 31 decembrie 2000) a fost un sculptor român. Vasile Rus și-a adăugat numele Batin după numele satului natal. Este fratele sculptoriței Ana Rus.

A urmat Institutul de Arte Plastice "Ion Andreescu" din Cluj, pe care l-a absolvit în 1966, avându-i ca  profesori pe Kós András, Virgil Fulicea și Jenö Szervátius.

Artistul Vasile Rus Batin a fost cunoscut în primul rând prin creația sa în domeniul artei de for public: statuară și relief monumental, realizate din piatră, bronz, lemn și marmură.

În perioada 1967–1994 a lucrat la Opera Română din Cluj, ca sculptor scenograf.

Lucrări de sculptură

Vasile Rus-Batin a creat numeroase lucrări monumentale care împodobesc piețe, parcuri și instituții din țară și străinătate:
Busturile lui Ștefan Micle și Ștefan cel Mare, la Feleacu;
"Cărturarul" la Mănăstirea Rohia;
"Legenda lui Gelu" sau "Columna";
Bustul lui Mihai Eminescu (Germania),
Bustul lui Dinu Lipatti (Elveția),
Bustul lui George Enescu,
Bustul lui Tiberiu Brediceanu,
Bustul lui Nicolae Iorga,
Bustul lui Octavian Goga,
Bustul lui Hadrian Daicoviciu (Cluj-Napoca),
Bustul lui Guilelm Șorban (1872-1923 este amplasată în parcul orașului Dej și a fost dezvelită la 26 iunie 1971),
Bustul lui Grigore Silași (Beclean)
Bustul lui Ștefan cel Mare (Vad)
Monumentul Lira - a fost lucrat de către sculptorul clujean Vasile Rus-Batin, iar soclul a fost conceput de arhitectul Dorin Munteanu. Acest monument este dedicat memoriei compozitorului Guilelm Șorban. A fost dezvelit cu ocazia comemorării a 75 de ani de la moartea lui Guilelm Șorban, pe data de 7 iulie 1998. Monumentul este situat în zona fostei case memoriale a compozitorului, demolata abuziv in anul 1986.
Statuile "Thalia" și "Eutherpe", amplasate în 1990 în nișele de pe fațada clădirii Operei Naționale din Cluj.
Stemele celor trei principate, executate din marmură albă de Simeria, pentru Mormântul lui Mihai Viteazul (1977).

Donații
Văduva sculptorului, doamna dr. Alexandra Rus, a donat Muzeului Municipal Dej următoarele sculpturi rămase se de pe urma lui: "Statuia ecvestră Avram Iancu" (gips), "Mame de eroi" (gips), "Fată someșană" (piatră), respectiv "Bust compozitorul și pianistul Dinu Lipatti" (piatră).

Note

Bibliografie suplimentară
Rudolf Windisch, Vasile Rus-Batin, 88 pag., Editura Alma Mater, 2001, ISBN, 9738535433, 9789738535435.

Sculptori din secolul al XX-lea
Sculptori români
Nașteri în 1934
Decese în 2000

Vasile Rus-Batin


Reiki , 20.yüzyılın başında Japonya'da ortaya çıkan, enerji aktarımı ile ruhsal şifa vermeye dayalı olduğuna inanılan bir tekniktir. Rei "her yerde var olan", ki "ruhsal yaşam enerjisi" anlamına gelmektedir. Batıya "Evrensel Yaşam Enerjisi" olarak tercüme edilmiştir. Ancak ezoterik olarak "yüce kaynağın bilincini taşıyan, ruhsal amaçla çalışan yaşam gücü enerjisi" açıklaması daha kapsamlı bir tariftir. Reiki bir frekans ve "Ruhsal Şifa Tekniği"dir.

Reikinin herhangi bir din ya da inanç şekline bağlı olmayan, kolaylıkla uygulanabilen, zararsız bir yöntem olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Ancak Reikinin çift kör çalışmalarda herhangi bir hastalığın tedavisinde etkili olduğu kanıtlanabilen bir yöntem olmadığı, hasta üzerindeki etkisinin de sadece plasebo etkisi olduğu değişik bilim merkezlerince kabul edilmektedir.

Tarihçe
Kaynağının Tibet olduğu sanılan Reiki, 19. yüzyılda bir Japon Budisti olan Dr. Mikao Usui tarafından ortaya çıkarılmış ve bir şifa tekniği halinde sunulmuştur.

Usui'nin ölümünden sonra dikilen anıtta yazılanlara göre, Reiki'nin temelini oluşturduğu ileri sürülen enerji, Mikao Usui'ye Kurama Dağı'nda 21 günlüğüne inzivaya çekildiğinde gelmiştir. Usui, 1922'de bu enerjiyle işleyen şifa tekniklerini uygulamak üzere Tokyo'da bir klinik açmıştır. Usui bu şifa yöntemlerini uygulamakla kalmamış, birçok kişiye de öğretmiştir. Usui, 1923'te Tokyo'da meydana gelen Kanto depremi sırasında yardım çalışmaları yanında yeni klinikler kurmuş, ülkesinin diğer bölgelerine giderek Reiki sistemini tanıtmış ve uygulamıştır. Usui, bu seyahatlerinden birinde 62 yaşında yaşama veda etmiştir.

Usui, Reiki şifa yöntemlerini uygulamak üzere kurduğu organizasyona "Usui Reiki Ryoho Gakkai" adını vermiş ve günümüzde halen çalışan bir organizasyon kurmuştur. Bununla birlikte çağdaş araştırmacılar, Japon kültürünün kapalı gelenekleri nedeniyle, bu topluluğun günümüzdeki öğretileri ve uygulamaları hakkında bilgi edinmekte büyük güçlük çekmektedirler.

Yakın zamana kadar Mikao Usui ve bu sistemin ortaya çıkmasıyla ilgili çok az şey biliniyordu. Son birkaç yıldır Japonya'da yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda Usui'nin orijinal Reiki uygulamaları hakkında daha kesin bilgiler elde edilmiş ve böylece batıda öğretilen sistemi daha geniş bir perspektiften görme olanağı doğmuştur.

Usui'nin öğrencilerinden biri, Fizik Profesörü Chujiro Hayashi, 1938 yılında bu sistemi Hawaii'ye götürerek buradaki öğrencisi Hawayo Takata'yı öğretmenliğe inisiye etmiştir. Takata, Reiki'nin batıda yayılmasına neden olan kişidir. 1970'li yıllardan itibaren yirmi iki kişiyi öğretmen olarak yetiştirdikten sonra, 1980'de ölmüştür. Batıdaki Reiki pratisyenlerinin büyük çoğunluğu bu yirmi iki kişinin öğrencileridir ve hepsi Takata'ya, Hayashi'ye ve Usui'ye bağlanırlar.

Reiki Master'ları, yıllar içinde kendi sezgilerini ve algılarını kullanarak; şifa bulmak isteyenlerin ve ruhsal gelişimlerini sürdürürken Reiki ile çalışanların gereksinimlerine cevap veren yeni teknikler geliştirmişlerdir.

Yöntemi
Reiki fiziksel, zihinsel veya duygusal sorunların tümünde kullanılır. İnanca göre bedende meydana gelen enerji dengesizliklerini ve negatif enerji blokajlarını çözebilmek için yetersiz veya eksik kalan kendi enerji bedenini dengeleyip, tamamlayarak ve bilinç değişikliği yoluyla ruhsal - fiziksel iyileşme sürecini başlatma yolunu açmaktadır.

Burada bahsedilen 'enerji beden', 'ruh', 'enerji dengesizlikleri' ve 'negatif enerji blokajları'nın bilimsel birer açıklamaları bulunmamaktadır.

Birçok hastalıkta tıbbi tedaviyi tamamlar, zihinsel ve bedensel gerginliklerden kurtulmayı sağlar. Sağlık ve kişisel gelişim alanında pozitif etkiler yaptığı, bu tekniği uygulayan ve uygulatanlar tarafından iddia edilmektedir.

Reiki bugün dünyada yaklaşık iki milyon kişi tarafından uygulanmaktadır. Reiki'nin evrensel bir enerji olduğu, hiçbir kişinin tekelinde olmadığı, Reiki ile herkesin kendisinin şifacısı olabileceği Reiki uygulayıcıları tarafından ifade edilir.

Uygulama
Reiki, bir Reiki Master'ının öğrencisine Reiki'yi kullanma yeteneğini transfer etmesiyle (el vermesiyle) olur. Seminere katılan kişi enerjiyi, enerjinin çalışma sistemini ve Reiki ile ilgili teorik bilgiyi öğrenir elverme inisiyasyon (uyumlanma) seansı sonrasında Reiki enerjisine kanal olup Reiki'yi kullanmaya başlar. Eğitim semineri kısa sürelidir (1 veya 2 gün).

Reiki kuramına göre Reiki, kanal olunduktan sonra enerjinin ellerden geçerek aktarılması ile kullanılır. Reiki'ye uyumlanmış kişi bu enerji akışını ellerin ısınması, soğuması, karıncalanması gibi etkilerle kendisi hissedebilir. Reikinin kendi bilinci vardır ve siz ne için reiki verirseniz o en çok enerjiye ihtiyaç duyan alana yönelir. Reiki hata yapmaz, uygularken konsantrasyon gerekmez. Reiki için inanmak şart değildir. Bunu, siz ne kadar okyanusa girdiğinizde ıslanmayacağınıza inansanız da gene de ıslanacak olmanız olayına benzetebiliriz. Siz inanmasanız bile o çalışır ve şifa verir. Reiki bir kez elde edilip ömür boyunca kullanılır. Kullanmadığında da yetenek kaybolmaz. Reiki'yi öğrenmenin ve kullanmanın, kişinin eğitim, bireysel zeka ve ruhsal tekamül düzeyi ile ya da inancıyla ilgisi yoktur.

Reiki ile çalışma üç aşamada öğrenilir ve bunlar hem bağımsız hem de birbirlerini tamamlayıcı düzeylerdir. Hep birlikte tam bir şifa ve ruhsal gelişim sistemi oluştururlar. Herkes her düzeyin eğitimine açıktır ve herkes kendine uygun gördüğü düzeyde öğrenimi bırakabilir ya da öğretmen olabilir. Dereceler insanların birbirine üstünlük sağlaması için değildir. Dereceler sadece reiki gücünü arttırır.

Reiki'nin Kundalini, Violet Flame, İmera gibi kendi içinde ayrılan şifa sistemleri vardır. Altın üçgen, takyon gibi sistem olamayan ancak farklı frekanslarda ve farklı amaçlarla kullanılabilen, reikinin gücünü yükselten araçları da vardır.

Günümüzde birçok bilim insanı ve sağlık çalışanı Reiki uygulamalarının etkinliğini tartışmalı bulmakta ve plasebo etkisinden beklenenin otesinde bir iyileştirme sağlamadığını iddia etmektedir. Buna karşın Japonya, Amerika ve Avrupa'nın bazı bölgelerinde Reiki klinikleri bulunmaktadır.

Diğer sistemler

Buna ek olarak, günümüzde adının içinde "Reiki" sözcüğünü kullanan ve aracı olma yoluyla alınan ve deneyimlenen başka enerjilerle birlikte çalışan diğer sistemlerin de bulunduğunu belirtmek gerekir. Mikao Usui tarafından geliştirilen Reiki'ye dayanan sistemler, isimlerinde "Usui Reiki" veya "Geleneksel Japon Reiki" deyimlerini kullanırlar.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Alternatif tıp
 Sözdebilim
 Biyoenerji (parapsikoloji), Terapötik Dokunuş
 Şifacılık
 Usui Reiki
 Geleneksel Japon Reiki
 New Age
 Yoga

Kaynakça

Meditasyon
New Age pratikleri
Alternatif tıp
Kişisel gelişim

Reiki


أوقاس بلدية بولاية بجاية بالجزائر

الوديان
 وادي تابلوط

معرض الصور

انظر أيضا
 مغارة أوقاس
 نفق أوقاس

مواضيع ذات صلة
 بلديات ولاية بجاية
 دوائر ولاية بجاية

مراجع

بلديات ولاية بجاية

أوقاس


Koji Suzuki (født 25. juli 1989) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub FC Ryukyu.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Koji Suzuki (fodbold)


Denise Christensen er en dansk forretningskvinde. Hun er opvokset i Hundige, sydvest for København. I januar 2017 blev Denise Christensen udnævnt som direktør for det danske modehus Birger Christensen. Hun er den første direktør i det 150 år gamle pelsimperium som ikke er en del af familien.

Inden direktørstillingen har Denise Christensen arbejdet i Illum, 2nd Day, Magasin og Georg Jensen. Hun startede sin karriere i Dansk Supermarked.

Hun er gift med Kenneth Nørgaard og har tre børn.

Kilder

Erhvervskvinder
Tjek fødselsår
Erhvervsfolk fra Danmark

Denise Christensen


Yusuke Kobayashi kan henvise til:

 Yusuke Kobayashi (fodboldspiller, født 1983) - japansk fodboldspiller født i 1983
 Yusuke Kobayashi (fodboldspiller, født 1994) - japansk fodboldspiller født i 1994

Yusuke Kobayashi


An Anthurium unense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Marcus A. Nadruz ngan Eduardo Luis Martins Catharino. An Anthurium unense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthurium

Anthurium unense


Betley es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Newcastle-under-Lyme, en el condado de Staffordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Betley tiene una superficie de 6,64 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Betley tenía 921 habitantes (48,53% varones, 51,47% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 138,7 hab/km². El 14,98% eran menores de 16 años, el 75,68% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 9,34% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 45,72 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 17,24% estaban solteros, el 68,71% casados, y el 14,05% divorciados o viudos.

Según su grupo étnico, el 99,35% de los habitantes eran blancos y el 0,65% mestizos. La mayor parte (98,04%) eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 0% de la población, mientras que el 1,96% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. El cristianismo era profesado por el 83,04% y el judaísmo por el 0,33%, mientras que el 11,63% no eran religiosos y el 5% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 410 hogares con residentes, 17 vacíos, y 3 eran alojamientos vacacionales o segundas residencias.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Staffordshire
Parroquias civiles de Staffordshire

Betley


«Monarchy of Roses» es una canción de la banda de rock estadounidense Red Hot Chili Peppers, lanzada el 7 de octubre de 2011 como segundo sencillo de su álbum I'm with You.

Video musical
El 4 de octubre de 2011, la banda comenzó a filmar el video musical de «Monarchy of Roses». El baterista, Chad Smith, publicó una foto de su batería frente a una pantalla verde lo que confirmaba que el rodaje estaba en marcha. El 14 de noviembre de 2011, el video musical fue lanzado a través de la página de Facebook de la banda y su canal de YouTube. El video estuvo dirigido por Marc Klasfeld, quien anteriormente dirigió el video de "The Adventures of Rain Dance Maggie" y se inspiró en la obra de arte de Raymond Pettibon para la creación del clip.

Lista de canciones
Japonés sencillo
 «Monarchy of Roses» (Álbum Versión) – 4:14

UK Promo sencillo
 «Monarchy of Roses» (Álbum Versión) – 4:14
 «Monarchy of Roses» (Radio Edit) – 3:43
 «Monarchy of Roses» (Instrumental) – 4:12

European Advance Promo single
 «Monarchy of Roses» (Álbum Versión) – 4:14
 «Monarchy of Roses» (Radio Edit) – 3:43

Canciones de Red Hot Chili Peppers
Sencillos de 2011
Videos musicales dirigidos por Marc Klasfeld
Canciones en inglés

Monarchy of Roses


Das Department of Public Enterprises (DPE; deutsch: Ministerium für staatliche Unternehmen) ist ein südafrikanisches Ministerium. Es ist für die politische Führung mehrerer staatlicher Unternehmen (SOC – State Owned Company) zuständig.

Unternehmen
Für folgende staatliche Unternehmen (SOC) ist das Ministerium zuständig (Stand 2016):

Energie und Bergbau:
 Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd.
 Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (Projekt beendet)
 Alexkor SOC Ltd.
Industrie und Forsten:
 Denel (Pty) Ltd.
 South African Forestry Company SOC Ltd. (SAFCOL)
Verkehr:
 South African Express Airways
 Transnet SOC Ltd.

Geschichte
Das Department of Public Enterprises wurde 1994 gegründet. 1999 wurde es nach einer Kabinettsentscheidung umstrukturiert und als nationales Ministerium anerkannt.

Minister
 Stella Sigcau von 1994 bis 1999
 Jeff Radebe von 1999 bis 2004
 Malusi Gigaba 1. November 2010 bis 25. Mai 2014
 Lynne Brown 26. Mai 2014 bis 26. Februar 2019
 Pravin Gordhan seit 27. Februar 2018

Weblinks

Ministerium (Südafrika)
Sudafrika
Wirtschaftsorganisation (Südafrika)

Department of Public Enterprises


A Black Lady Sketch Show est une émission télévisée américaine de comédie à sketches créée par , diffusée sur HBO.

L'émission consiste en des sketches comiques interprétés par une équipe principale de comédiennes noires, dont la productrice et créatrice, Thede, , Quinta Brunson, et .  et  ont rejoint le casting de la saison 2. Parmi les vedettes invitées figurent le producteur exécutif Issa Rae, Angela Bassett, Laverne Cox, et .

A Black Lady Sketch Show a débuté avec une saison de six épisodes le , et a reçu un « accueil universel » selon l'agrégateur de critiques Metacritic. La première saison a reçu une note de 2020 TCA Award pour la meilleure réalisation dans les émissions de sketchs et de variétés et la deuxième saison a remporté trois prix. Black Reel Awards. Les deux saisons ont obtenu une note de 100 % sur Rotten Tomatoes.

La deuxième saison a été diffusée le , après avoir été retardée en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19. En mai 2021, la série a été renouvelée pour une troisième saison.

En France, elle est diffusée sur OCS.

Distribution

 Quinta Brunson (saison 1)
  (saison 2)
  (saison 2)

Épisodes

Saison 1 (2019)
 Angela Bassett est la meuf la plus badass (Angela Bassett Is the Baddest Bitch)
 Ton Boss sait que t'as les sourcils rasés (Your Boss Knows You Don't Have Eyebrows)
 On se les caille à l'angle de la  et Bonaparte ( & Bonaparte Is Always in the Shade)
 Où sont passées mes choristes ? (Where Are My Background Singers?)
 Pourquoi son abricot est-il mouillé, Seigneur ? (Why Are Her Pies Wet, Lord?)
 Née un soir de pluie, mais pas de la dernière pluie (Born at Night, But Not Last Night)

Saison 2 (2021)
La saison deux n'a pas été diffusée en France, donc tous les noms d'épisodes de la série n'ont pas été traduits en français.
 But the Tilapias Are Fine Though, Right?
 So You Just Out Here Chloroforming
 Sister, May I Call You Oshun?
 My Booty Look Juicy, Don't It?
 If I'm Paying These Chili's Prices, You Cannot Taste My Steak!
 Way to Ruin the Party, Soya!

Production

Développement
Au cours de l',  a invité ses amis proches et ses amis comédiens Quinta Brunson, , et Gabrielle Dennis à l'aider à développer une série comique. Thede a ensuite lancé la série sur HBO comme un moyen de remédier au manque de représentation des femmes noires dans la . Thede a été encouragé par les dirigeants de HBO à repousser les limites et à prendre des risques avec la série.

L'émission s'intitulait à l'origine The Black Lady Sketch Show, mais le nom a été modifié pour faire comprendre au public que la série est une représentation unique des femmes noires dans le domaine de la comédie. L'émission est considérée comme la première série de sketchs comiques écrits, produits et interprétés par des femmes noires.

Le , il a été annoncé que HBO avait commandé un spectacle de sketchs d'une demi-heure, A Black Lady Sketch Show, écrit et créé par Robin Thede. Issa Rae est le coproducteur exécutif avec Thede à travers Issa Rae Productions, connu sous le nom de Hoorae à partir de 2021. Le réalisateur de la première saison est . La deuxième saison a été réalisée par Lacey Duke et Brittany Scott Smith.

Le , HBO a annoncé que A Black Lady Sketch Show avait été renouvelé pour une deuxième saison. Le tournage de la deuxième saison a été mis en suspens en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19.

Le , HBO a renouvelé la série pour une troisième saison.

Casting
Le , il a été annoncé que l'émission mettrait en vedette Thede ainsi que les comédiennes Ashley Nicole Black, Gabrielle Dennis et Quinta Brunson. Angela Bassett, Gina Torres, et Marsai Martin ont été annoncés comme trois guest stars.

Le , il a été annoncé que Brunson n'apparaîtrait pas dans la saison 2 en raison de conflits d'emploi du temps. D'autres changements ont été apportés à la saison 2, notamment le recrutement de Laci Mosley et de Skye Townsend en tant que membres de la distribution principale. Les guest stars confirmées sont Gabrielle Union, Jesse Williams, Miguel, Skai Jackson, Laz Alonso, Omarion, Kim Wayans, , Lance Gross et Wunmi Mosaku.

Scénaristes
 est le scénariste en chef de la série, et les autres scénaristes de la première saison sont Brittani Nichols, Rae Sanni, Holly Walker, Amber Ruffin et Akilah Green. Les membres du casting Ashley Nicole Black, Gabrielle Dennis et Quinta Brunson écrivent également pour la série. C'est la première série télévisée à avoir une salle des auteurs entièrement composée de femmes noires. Pour la deuxième saison, Brunson, Ruffin et Nichols ont quitté la salle des auteurs, et Kindsey Young, Shenovia Large et Kristin Layne Tucker les ont rejointes en tant que scénaristes supplémentaires.

Publication
La série a débuté le  sur HBO. La deuxième saison a debuté le  sur HBO et HBO Max.

Réception

Saison une
La première saison de A Black Lady Sketch Show a été saluée par la critique. Sur le site d'agrégation de critiques Rotten Tomatoes, la première saison de A Black Lady Sketch Show obtient un taux d'approbation de 100 %, avec une note moyenne de 8,88/10 sur la base de 20 critiques. Le consensus du site est le suivant : . Selon l'agrégateur d'avis Metacritic, qui utilise une moyenne pondérée, la première saison a reçu une note attribuée de 89 sur 100 sur la base des avis de 7 critiques, ce qui indique une . Dans une critique d'Ali Barthwell pour The A.V. Club, elle écrit : . Écrivant pour Vulture, Jen Chaney a déclaré : .

En 2020, l'émission est devenue la première émission de sketchs dirigée par des femmes noires à recevoir une nomination aux Primetime Emmy Awards dans la catégorie « Outstanding Variety Sketch Series ».

Saison deux
La deuxième saison a également reçu un accueil positif. Elle détient un score de 100 % sur Rotten Tomatoes sur la base de huit critiques. IndieWire La journaliste Kristen Lopez a déclaré que la saison  Margaret Lyons du New York Times a écrit que la série . Danette Chavez, de The A.V. Club, a noté que l'émission  et .

La deuxième saison a reçu cinq nominations aux Emmy Awards, dont celles de la meilleure série de sketches de variétés et du meilleur scénario pour une série de sketches de variétés. Daysha Broadway, Stephanie Filo et Jessica Hernández ont reçu le Primetime Emmy Award pour le meilleur montage d'images dans une émission de variétés. Il s'agit du premier ensemble de femmes de couleur à recevoir ce prix dans l'histoire des Emmy. La deuxième saison a été nommée dans les « meilleures » listes de fin d'année publiées par Paste, The A.V. Club, , et NPR.

Prix et distinctions

 2020 : nominé pour le Primetime Emmy Awards dans la catégorie Outstanding Variety Sketch Series pour , Issa Rae, Tony Hernandez, Brooke Posch, , Jonathan Berry, Lauren Ashley Smith, , Deniese Davis, Montrel McKay, John Skidmore et Erin Owens.
 2020 : Lauréat du Television Critics Association Awards dans la catégorie Outstanding Achievement in Sketch/Variety Shows.
 2021 : dans la catégorie Outstanding Comedy Series.

Références

Liens externes

 Site officiel

Série télévisée américaine des années 2010
Série télévisée américaine des années 2020
Humour aux États-Unis
Émission de télévision humoristique
Émission de télévision de divertissement
Émission diffusée sur HBO
Émission de télévision créée en 1999

A Black Lady Sketch Show


Alexander Filippovich Kokorinov () (10 de julho de 1726 – 21 de março de 1772) foi um arquiteto e educador russo de origem siberiana, um dos fundadores, o primeiro construtor, diretor (1761) e reitor (1769) da Academia Imperial de Artes de São Petersburgo. Kokorinov foi arquiteto na casa da família Razumovsky e Ivan Shuvalov, o primeiro presidente da Academia.

O legado arquitetônico sobrevivente de Kokorinov, antes considerado substancial, foi reduzido por pesquisas recentes a apenas dois edifícios, a Academia Imperial de Artes e o palácio Kirill Razumovsky em São Petersburgo. A Academia foi projetada por Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe, com base em uma proposta anterior de Jacques-François Blondel, enquanto Kokorinov gerenciou a construção em suas fases iniciais (1764-1772).

Biografia

Primeiros anos e família
Alexander Kokorinov nasceu em Tobolsk, na família de um funcionário do governo. Seu avô era padre. Aos 14 anos, Alexander começou a se inspirar na profissão de Johann Blank (pai de Karl Blank), um autoproclamado arquiteto exilado de São Petersburgo por seu envolvimento na suposta conspiração de Artemy Volynsky (1740). Com a ascensão de Isabel da Rússia em 1741, os sobreviventes do caso Volynsky foram anistiados e os familiares de Blank retornaram a Moscou, levando Kokorinov com eles.

Educação
Após a morte de Johann Blank, em 1745, Alexander Kokorinov e Karl Blank estudaram artes e arquitetura em Moscou com Dmitry Ukhtomsky, até então o principal arquiteto de Moscou de Elisabethan Baroque e reitor de uma escola de arquitetura baseada no Kremlin de Moscou. Posteriormente, Kokorinov foi convidado para o grupo de Ivan Korobov, onde o jovem arquiteto deu tão boa conta de si mesmo que foi promovido pelo mestre e, em 1749, recebeu o título de aprendiz. Este título permitiu que Kokorinov construísse e recebesse ordens particulares por conta própria.

Neste topo, Kokorinov também foi responsável pela reconstrução e restauração das torres e paredes do Kremlin de Moscou. Logo a reputação do arquiteto era tão boa que até mesmo o hetman Kirill Razumovski o contratou para trabalhar em sua propriedade Petrovskoe.

Kokorinov recebeu o grau de Mestre em Matemática pela Universidade Estatal de Moscou e em 1754, passou no exame profissional como arquiteto júnior, juntou-se à equipe de Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli e mudou-se para São Petersburgo, onde fez contato com o conde Ivan Shuvalov, fundador da universidade (1755) e da Academia Imperial de Artes (1757). Kokorinov juntou-se à equipe da Academia desde seus primeiros dias.

Carreira
Shuvalov inicialmente propôs a criação da Academia em Moscou e encomendou a Jacques-François Blondel para projetar o novo campus lá. A imperatriz Isabel da Rússia insistiu que a Academia deveria ter sede em São Petersburgo, e a tarefa de adaptar os planos de Blondel foi atribuída a Kokorinov, que já projetou a própria casa de Shuvalov em São Petersburgo. Kokorinov, treinado firmemente apenas no estilo barroco, lutou com o design neoclássico francês de Blondel e, em 1759, Shuvalov contratou outro francês para ajudar Kokorinov. Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe, primo de Blondel e recém-formado pela Real Academia de Arquitetura, tornou-se par de Kokorinov no projeto da Academia e logo o superou. O projeto do edifício é tradicionalmente creditado por Kokorinov e de la Mothe, mas pesquisas recentes em arquivos franceses indicam que foi obra do próprio de la Mothe, enquanto nenhum rascunho de Kokorinov foi encontrado. A Academia, uma estrutura complexa medindo 140 por 125 metros, tem traços do estilo de Blondel, mas, segundo Dmitry Shvidkovsky, "é mais atual... especialmente perceptível na planta. Onde Blondel especificou uma ordem coríntia, o dórico romano mais rigoroso foi realmente usado. A cúpula também é mais lacônica do que a projetada por Blondel. O edifício completo ficou ainda mais austero do que parece nos desenhos de la Mothe."

Em 1761, Kokorinov foi nomeado diretor da Academia (subordinado ao seu presidente), mas não foi até 1765 quando se tornou seu professor universitário. Ele ensinou teoria arquitetônica elementar e história da arquitetura, enquanto de la Mothe ensinou disciplinas arquitetônicas avançadas.

Enquanto os arquitetos finalizavam sua proposta, a Rússia foi abalada por um breve reinado (5 de janeiro de 1762 – 9 de julho de 1762) e pelo assassinato do imperador Pedro III, sucedido por Catarina II. A nova imperatriz enviou Shuvalov para um exílio, de fato, em sua propriedade rural e instalou Ivan Betskoy como o novo presidente da Academia. Em 18 de março de 1764, ela autorizou o financiamento para a construção a sério e criou o conselho de construção, chefiado por Kokorinov. De la Mothe, que sempre se esquivou da construção prática, não esteve ativamente envolvido no local; pela primeira vez na história da Rússia, a profissão de arquiteto foi dividida em projeto arquitetônico e gerenciamento de construção.

Durante a Guerra Russo-Turca de 1768-1774, o financiamento do projeto praticamente parou, enquanto Betskoy iniciou um processo criminal contra suposta fraude no site. Kokorinov, acusado de excesso de custos, morreu em 1772; uma opinião não verídica considerou que ele teria cometido suicídio. De la Mothe deixou a Rússia em 1775, o edifício foi concluído por Yury Felten em 1788.

Bibliografia

Mortos em 1772
Nascidos em 1726
Iluminismo
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Aleksandr Kokorinov


Pune-i la pământ este cel de-al treilea maxi-single al trupei La Familia (sau Sișu & Puya), primul maxi-single scos sub numele de Sișu & Puya și totodată, al doilea material discografic scos tot sub numele de Sișu & Puya, după Foame de bani (2004). Acesta a fost lansat în decembrie 2005 și promovează cel de-al șaptelea album de studio al trupei, acesta fiind O mare familie, lansat în iunie 2006. Maxi-single-ul a beneficiat și de un videoclip ce poartă numele maxi-single-ului, totodată acesta fiind primul material al trupei în care Dj Wicked se alătură lui Puya și Sișu în trupă, odată cu lansarea compilației Sud Stil Party, lansată în același an cu maxi-single-ul. Single-ul Pune-i la pământ se găsește în 5 variante: original, cenzurat, reggaeton remix, instrumental și a-cappella, bonus un single intitulat Închis, însă single-ul Închis a fost înregistrat conform versurilor, cam printre ultimele luni de ispășire a pedepsei pentru consum de droguri ale lui Sișu.

Tracklist

Legături externe
https://www.facebook.com/puyaoficial / https://www.facebook.com/SisuTudor

Note

Albume de La Familia
Albume hip hop românești
Albume hip hop
Albume din 2005

Pune-i la pământ (Maxi-single)


La peña de los Parra fue una famosa peña folclórica chilena creada por los hermanos Isabel y Ángel Parra en 1965, en la que participaron varios reconocidos cantautores de la entonces incipiente Nueva Canción Chilena, tales como Rolando Alarcón, Tito Fernández, Víctor Jara, Patricio Manns, Roberto Parra, Violeta Parra, Osvaldo Gitano Rodríguez, y grupos como Amerindios o Curacas.

Actualmente, la casa y el terreno pertenecen a las dependencias de la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez.

Historia
La idea inicial surgió en un viaje por Europa realizado en 1961 con su madre, la célebre folclorista Violeta Parra. En este viaje, también los hermanos conformaron el dúo Isabel y Ángel Parra. A su regreso, hacia 1964, comenzaron a buscar un lugar propicio para el proyecto, instalándose finalmente en la casa del pintor y cantor Juan Capra, en la calle Carmen 340, en pleno centro de Santiago, cerca del cerro Santa Lucía.

La peña, que comenzó como un taller de pintura, se fue remodelando hasta contar con instalaciones propicias para el desarrollo tanto de la música como de otras artes. Contaba con un patio, un pequeño escenario y una sala de grabación. Estaba decorada en sus muros inicialmente blancos con firmas y dibujos de los visitantes, en sus techos con redes de pescar, y en sus muebles con velas derretidas sobre botellas de vino tinto.

Centro cultural
La casa no solo funcionó en el plano musical, sino que también como centro artístico para la artesanía en general, así como foco de la bohemia izquierdista santiaguina. En sus dependencias, trabajaron artistas como el escultor Sergio Castillo Mandiola, el grabador Santos Chávez y el pintor Juan Capra, entre otros, y también pasaron el escritor español José Agustín Goytisolo y el músico español Paco Ibáñez.

Sello discográfico

En 1968, se creó la compañía discográfica chilena Peña de los Parra, fundada por Ángel e Isabel y destinada a publicar las grabaciones realizadas en la peña. El catálogo era distribuido a través del sello Discoteca del Cantar Popular (DICAP), y sus trabajos, que incluyen a algunas otras bandas de otros estilos tales como Los Blops, han sido reeditados posteriormente por otros sellos.

La discográfica cerró en 1973, producto del Golpe de Estado y posterior inicio de la dictadura militar. Más tarde, ocurrió la detención de Ángel y el posterior exilio de los hermanos.

Su logotipo —el dibujo de una rosa con un tallo de dos espinas, de una de las cuales cae una gota de sangre— es una reproducción del símbolo utilizado en el Encuentro de la canción protesta, festival llevado a cabo en Cuba entre el 29 de julio y el 10 de agosto de 1967.

Discografía
Los siguientes álbumes fueron aquellos registrados en la peña de los Parra y llevan como título a esta. De ellos, solo el de 1971 fue lanzado bajo este sello.
 1965 - La peña de los Parra (varios intérpretes)
 1968 - La peña de los Parra, vol. II (Isabel y Ángel Parra)
 1969 - La peña de los Parra, vol. I (varios intérpretes, en directo)
 1971 - La peña de los Parra (Isabel y Ángel Parra, recopilatorio)

Serie LPP

Referencias

Discográficas de folclore
Discográficas independientes de Chile
Empresas desaparecidas de Chile
Música folclórica de Chile
Clan Parra

Peña de los Parra