Krasnodar Krai () is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of the Southern Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnodar. The third most populous federal subject, the krai had a population of 5,838,273 as of the 2021 Census.

Krasnodar Krai is formally and informally referred to as Kuban (), a term denoting the historical region of Kuban situated between the Sea of Azov and the Kuban River which is mostly composed of the krai's territory. It is bordered by Rostov Oblast to the north, Stavropol Krai to the east, Karachay-Cherkessia to the south-east, and Adygea is an enclave entirely within the krai. Krasnodar Krai shares an international border with the disputed region of Georgia, Abkhazia, to the south, and borders annexed Crimea to the west, across the Kerch Strait.

The northern part of the krai belongs to the Don Steppe, while the southern region's Mediterranean climate has made it a popular tourist location. Novorossiysk is Russia's main port on the Black Sea, one of the few cities awarded the title of the Hero City,
and Sochi was the host of the XXII Olympic Winter Games in 2014. Krasnodar Krai is home to significant infrastructure of the Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet.

Geography

Krasnodar Krai is located in the southwestern part of the North Caucasus and borders  Rostov Oblast in the northeast, Stavropol Krai and Karachay-Cherkessia in the east, and with the Abkhazia region (internationally recognized as part of Georgia) in the south. The Republic of Adygea is completely encircled by the krai territory. The krai's Taman Peninsula is situated between the Sea of Azov in the north and the Black Sea in the south. In the west, the Kerch Strait separates the krai from the contested Crimean Peninsula, internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but under de facto Russian control. At its widest extent, the krai stretches for  from north to south and for  from east to west.

The krai is split into two distinct parts by the Kuban River, which gave its name to this entire geographic region. The southern, seaward part is the western extremity of the Caucasus range, lying within the Crimean Submediterranean forest complex ecoregion; the climate is Mediterranean or, in the southeast, subtropical. Historically it is known as Circassia. The northern part is a steppe zone which shares continental climate patterns. It is also known as Kuban region.

The height of the mountains exceeds , with Mount Tsakhvoa being the highest at ,with Mount Fisht, at , being the Great Caucasus' westernmost peak with a glacier.

The Black Sea coast stretches from the Kerch Strait to Adler and is shielded by the Caucasus Mountains from the cold northern winds. Numerous small mountain rivers flow in the coastal areas, often creating picturesque waterfalls.

Lake Abrau, located in the wine-making region of Abrau-Dyurso, is the largest lake in the northeastern Caucasus region.

History
The region's earliest known inhabitants are referred to, generally, as the Maiōtai, who are the ancestors of the modern-day Circassians, Abkhazians and Abazins (after the Greek name for the Sea of Azov). During the 6th century BC, Pontic Greeks founded the area's first cities, such as Phanagoria (near modern Sennoy) and Hermonassa (on the Taman Peninsula),  who traded with nomadic tribes including the Skuthai (Scythians) and Sindi.

From the 8th to the 10th centuries, the area was dominated by the Khazars, a Turkic people who had earlier migrated from the east onto the Pontic-Caspian Steppe, where a hypothesis claims that they converted to Judaism.  After the defeat of the Khazar Khanate in 965 Kievan Prince Svyatoslav conquered the area, it came under the rule of Kievan Rus', and it then formed the Tmutarakan principality. Later, due to the increasing claims of the Eastern Roman Empire at the end of the 11th century, the Tmutarakan principality came under the authority of the Eastern Roman Emperors (until 1204).

In that period of history, the Circassians were first mentioned, under the ethnonym Kassogs. For example, the Kassog Prince Rededya was mentioned in The Tale of Igor's Campaign.

In 1243–1438, the current territory of the Kuban was part of the Golden Horde. After the latter's collapse, parts of Kuban were held under the Crimean Khanate, Circassia, and the Ottoman Empire, which dominated the region. The Tsardom of Russia began to challenge the protectorate of the Ottoman Empire in the area during the Russo-Turkish wars.

In April 1783, after the liquidation of the Crimean Khanate, right-bank Kuban and Taman Peninsula were annexed to the Russian Empire by decree of Catherine II. In 1792–1794, the Cossacks moved there from Zaporizhzhia, now located in Ukraine, and formed the Black Sea Area troops, with the creation of a solid cordon line for the Kuban River and the marginalization of the neighboring Circassians. The administrative region was accorded the status of "Land of Black Sea Cossack Army", with its center in the city of Yekaterinodar (renamed Krasnodar by the Bolsheviks in 1920).

In 1900, the region's population numbered around two million people. In 1913, the gross grain harvest Kuban region entered second place in Russia, for the production of marketable grain – in first place. During the Russian Civil War, the anti-communist Kuban People's Republic was established on 28 January 1918. It sought union with the Ukrainian People's Republic during its brief independence until Soviet forces occupied the latter in May 1920.

Krasnodar Krai was founded on 13 September 1937, when Azov-Black Sea Krai of the Russian SFSR was split up in Krasnodar Krai and Rostov Oblast. On 30 January 1996 Krasnodar Krai signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy. This agreement would be abolished on 12 April 2002.

2012 floods

On July 7, 2012, at least 171 people died in Krasnodar Krai, after torrential rains overnight caused the worst flooding and landslides in more than seventy years. Over  of rain – the typical amount for a four- or five-month period – was reported to have fallen within forty-eight hours.  A local police spokesman stated that most of the dead were in Krymsky District, where at least 159 died when a wave of water  high swept through the town of Krymsk in the middle of the night. Ten more deaths occurred in Gelendzhik, including five electrocuted when a transformer fell into the floodwater, and two in Novorossiysk.  Authorities stated that 17 people had been officially reported missing, and there were fears the death toll would rise further, while medics had hospitalized 210 people, including 16 children.

The regional government claimed that over 24,000 people were affected by the floods, with more than 3,000 evacuated, and that more than 10,000 rescuers and 140 helicopters were searching for victims and evacuating survivors. In Krymsk, 14 temporary shelters were set up to house around 2,000 evacuees. The transport system in the region was said to have collapsed, while oil shipments from Novorossiysk were halted when the port, located in the lower part of the city, was threatened by landslides. Russia's President Vladimir Putin flew to the area to hold emergency talks with officials in Krymsk, while authorities in Perm Krai dispatched a rescue team to evacuate dozens of children from the region, who had been staying at summer camps on the Black Sea coast.

Residents of Krymsk claimed the wave of water that hit the town resulted from the sluice gates of a nearby reservoir being opened, although the prosecutor general's investigative committee denied this. Local prosecutors had earlier confirmed that the gates were opened, but stated that it was too early to determine whether this was the cause of the flooding.

Politics

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the krai was shared between three persons: the first secretary of the Krasnodar CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power). In 1991, the CPSU lost power, and the head of the krai administration, and eventually the governor have been since appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Krasnodar Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the krai government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The krai administration supports the governor's activities, who is the highest official and acts as the guarantor of the observance of the Krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

Administrative divisions

Krasnodar Krai is administratively divided into thirty-eight districts (raions) and fifteen cities of district equivalence. The districts and cities are further subdivided into eleven towns, plus urban-type settlements, and rural okrugs and stanitsa okrugs.

Economy

As a result of 2014 Winter Olympics, Krasnodar Krai has seen significant infrastructure spending. Over $50 billion has been spent on various infrastructure projects including a bullet train.

Large companies in the region include Tander, Novorossmetal, Autonomous Heat Energy Company, Gazprom gas distribution Krasnodar, and Evrokhim Chemical Fertilizers.

Transportation
Several lines of Russian Railways cross the region and link it with Abkhazia, Ukraine, and neighboring Russian regions. There are direct trains from resort cities like Sochi and Anapa to Moscow, via Krasnodar, which become very popular during the summer vacation season. There are also suburb train connections.
The Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway, the longest mountain narrow-gauge railway in Russia, runs through Krasnodar Krai.

There are several airports in the region, including Krasnodar International Airport, Sochi International Airport, Anapa Airport, and Gelendzhik Airport.

The biggest ports are Novorossiysk and Tuapse. Others are Eisk and Temryuk on the Azov Sea, and Port Kavkaz,   Taman, Anapa, Gelendzhik, and Sochi on the Black Sea. The Crimean Bridge connects Krasnodar Krai and Crimea.

Demographics

Population

Vital statistics for 2022:
Births: 54,073 (9.5 per 1,000)
Deaths: 79,021 (13.9 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):
1.52 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):
Total — 70.53 years (male — 66.08, female — 74.90)

Settlements

The population of Krasnodar Krai is concentrated in the Kuban River drainage basin, which was traditionally Cossack land (see History of Cossacks). The Kuban Cossacks are now generally considered to be ethnic Russians, even though they are still an important minority in their own right in the area. Historically, they were considered to be ethnic Ukrainian, and reported their language as Ukrainian in censuses well into the 20th century (see National Identity of Kuban Cossacks). This change in identity is due to assimilation and historical persecution of the Kuban Cossacks, which was particularly prominent due to questions of their loyalty to Moscow and the Communist state during the Russian Revolution and First World War.

Other notable ethnic groups include the Adyghe, who are the regions indigenous population and were nearly completely annihilated following the Circassian genocide, and the Armenians (including Christian Hamsheni and Cherkesogai), who have lived in the region since at least the 18th century.

Ethnic groups
The 2021 Census identified ethnic groups, as shown in the following table:

Religion

According to a 2012 survey 52.2% of the population of Krasnodar Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, and 1% are Muslims. In addition, 22% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% is atheist, and 7.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.

References

Notes

Sources

External links

 Official website of Krasnodar Krai

Historical regions
Southern Federal District
Kuban
Krais of Russia
North Caucasus
Russian-speaking countries and territories

Krasnodar Krai


Šišov este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Bánovce nad Bebravou din regiunea Trenčín. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 502 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Šišov este atestată documentar din 1113.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Šišov


Pursat (, UNGEGN: , ALA-LC: , ; meaning "Floating Banyan") is a province of Cambodia. It is in the western part of the country and borders clockwise from the north: Battambang province, the Tonlé Sap, Kampong Chhnang province, Kampong Speu province, Koh Kong province, and Thailand. It lies between the Tonle Sap and the northern end of the Cardamom Mountains. The Pursat River bisects the province, running from the Cardamoms in the west to the Tonle Sap in the east.

The fourth largest province of Cambodia in area, Pursat ranks only 14th in population. The region is accessible by National Highway 5, by boat, rail and by numerous smaller roads. The capital, Pursat town, lies 174 kilometres north west of Phnom Penh by road and 106 kilometres south east of Battambang.

Pursat is home to Wat Bakan, considered to be among the oldest active pagodas in Cambodia and revered as one of the most holy sites of Cambodian Buddhism. The province also hosts the annual River Run Race, an event that includes 5 km and 10 km races that generally follow the path of the Pursat River for men and women, including those requiring wheelchairs. Since its inaugural race in 2007, the event has grown to the second largest of its kind in Cambodia

Etymology

Pursat is derived from the transliteration of its name in Khmer script Poŭthĭsăt () means "floating banyan" in Khmer. It's composed of Poŭthĭ- (, ), a Khmer word derived from the Sanskrit and Pali word of the tree named bodhi (), which is  where the Buddha became enlightened, and -săt (, ) which comes from the Khmer word rôsăt (, ) meaning "to float".

Geography
The physical geography of Pursat encompasses many bioregions ranging from densely forested mountains to fertile plains to the Tonle Sap basin. Forests cover approximately 58% of Pursat. The mountains of the Cardamom range rise high in the west and southwest of the province along the border with Thailand and the coast. The land slopes toward the northeast, opening into the plains that continue into Battambang and from which much of Cambodia's rice crop is harvested. The Pursat River follows this orientation and drains into the Tonle Sap which forms Pursat's eastern boundary. Pursat is one of the nine provinces that are part of the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve.

Economy

Thmada
Chinese investors have disbursed close to 10 billion baht to develop a new city in Thmada, a border village in Veal Veang District in the province. The new town is to be built in five phases, and about 80% of the first phase, 1,000 condominiums, has been built as of 2019, together with a luxury hotel, restaurants, casinos, and other businesses. The project is to be completed by 2022 or 2025.

Agarwood
Due to the geography and climate of Pursat, Aquilaria thrives in its forest. Aquilaria species, specifically Aquilaria crassna,  infected with the parasitic mold Phaeoacremonium parasitica are the source of agarwood. There was an abundance in wild agarwood in the past. Due to its distinct fragrance, the trees were sought after and felled for gift offerings to the royal family and officials.

Agarwood harvested from Pursat was the most valuable and highly in demand. In the early-1970s, "oud Cambodi" was the most sought after oud oil on the market because of the belief that it contains a psychoactive substance that affects their minds and emotions.

The depletion of wild trees from rampant cutting of agarwood has resulted in the trees being listed and protected as an endangered species. Projects are being implemented to infect cultivated Aquilaria trees artificially, to produce agarwood in a sustainable manner.

In 2015, Lieutenant General Ouk Kosa of Cambodia's Ministry of National Defense signed an MOU with a Singaporean company, giving the company access to six million mature Aquilaria trees, which they will inoculate to produce agarwood.

Administrative divisions
The province is divided into six districts and one municipality, further divided into 51 communes.

See also

References

External links
 United Nations World Food Programme's Food Security Web Atlas of Cambodia - Provincial Food Security Profile of Pursat
 Cambodia National and Provincial Resources Data Bank - Pursat Provincial Resources

Provinces of Cambodia

Pursat province


French Open-mesterskabet i mixed double 2018 var den 106. turnering om French Open-mesterskabet i mixed double. Turneringen var en del af French Open 2018 og blev spillet i Stade Roland Garros i Paris, Frankrig i perioden 30. maj - 7. juni 2018 med deltagelse af 32 par.

Mesterskabet blev vundet af Latisha Chan og Ivan Dodig, som i finalen besejrede Gabriela Dabrowski og Mate Pavić med 6-1, 6-7(5), [10-8]. Både Chan og Dodig vandt dermed en grand slam-titel i mixed double for første gang i deres karrierer, og for begge spillere var sejren endvidere deres anden grand slam-triumf i alt, eftersom Chan tidligere havde vundet US Open-mesterskabet i damedouble 2017 sammen med Martina Hingis, mens Dodigs første grand slam-sejr blev spillet hjem ved French Open-mesterskabet i herredouble 2015 med Marcelo Melo som makker.

Gabriela Dabrowski og Rohan Bopanna var forsvarende mestre, men stillede ikke op som makkere. Dabrowski dannede i stedet par med Mate Pavić og tabte som nævnt i finalen, mens Bopanna med Tímea Babos som makker blev slået ud allerede i første runde.

Pengepræmier

Den samlede præmiesum til spillerne i mixed double androg € 460.000 (ekskl. per diem), hvilket var et fald på knap 7 % i forhold til året før.

Turnering

Deltagere

Turneringen havde deltagelse af 32 par, der var fordelt på:
 26 direkte kvalificerede par.
 6 par, der havde modtaget et wildcard.

Seedede spillere

Otte par blev seedet.

Wildcards

Seks par modtog et wildcard til turneringen.

Resultater

Se også
 French Open-mesterskabet i herresingle 2018
 French Open-mesterskabet i damesingle 2018
 French Open-mesterskabet i herredouble 2018
 French Open-mesterskabet i damedouble 2018

Eksterne henvisninger
 French Open

Noter

French Open 2018
French Open-mesterskabet i mixed double


Ignacio Zuloaga y Zabaleta (26. srpnja 1870. – 31. listopada 1945.) bio je baskijski slikar, rođen u Eibaru (Gipuskoa), u blizini samostana Loyola.

Obitelj
Ignacio Zuloaga bio je sin metalca i taušera Plácida Zuloage i unuk organizatora i direktora kraljevske oružarnice (Don Eusebio) u Madridu. Njegov stric bio je Daniel Zuloaga. Njegov pradjed je bio kraljevski oružar, ujedno prijatelj i suvremenik Goye.

Životopis
U svojoj mladosti, Ignacio je crtao i radio u puškarskoj radionici svog oca Placida. Očev obrt je bio obiteljski posao visoko cijenjen diljem Europe, ali je svom sinu namijenio trgovinu, inženjerstvo ili arhitekturu. Međutim, tijekom kratkog puta u Rim sa svojim ocem, Ignacio je odlučio postati slikar. Njegova prva slika je izložena u Parizu 1890. godine
U dobi od 18 godina preselio se u Pariz, nastanio u Montmartreu, kako bi našao posao i obuku za slikara. Bio   je prilično siromašan, i živio od nekih mršavih doprinosa svoje majke i dobronamjernosti zemljaka Španjolaca, kao što su Francisco Durrio, Pablo de Uranga i Santiago Rusiñol.

Nakon samo šest mjeseci rada završio je svoju prvu sliku, koja je bila izložena 1890. u Pariškom salonu. Nastavljajući svoj studij u Parizu, gdje je živio pet godina, bio je on u kontaktu s post-impresionistima: kao što su Ramon Casas, Gauguin i Toulouse-Lautrec, ali su njegove tendencije uvijek tematski bile više etničke.

Pokušao je uspjeti tijekom boravka u Londonu; ali ga je mlako pokroviteljstvo navelo na povratak u Španjolsku, skrasivši se u Sevilli, a zatim Segoviji, te je razvio stil utemeljen na realističkoj španjolskoj tradiciji, Velázquezu i Murillu podsjećajući na njihove zemaljske slike i žanrovske teme. Slikao je portrete toreadora i flamenco plesačica; ili portrete članova obitelji i prijatelja u takvoj odjeći.

Također je naslikao Selo patuljaka (El enano Gregorio el Botero,) i Prosjake, često kao jake figura u sumornom tradicionalnom krajoliku ili gradovima u pozadini. Slikao je i nekoliko seoskih scena.

Bili su mu draži zemljani ili prigušeni tonovi, uključujući kestenastu, crnu i sivu, s izuzetkom šarene narodne nošnje ili jarko crvene halje u nekim slikama.

Zuloaga i njegovi pokrovitelji su osjećali omalovaženo 1900. godine, kada je njegova slika "Prije borbe bikova" odbijena za uključivanje u španjolsku postavu Opće izložbe u Bruxellesu. Godine 1899., jedna od njegovih slika izloženih u Parizu je kupljena za Luxembourg Palais. Međutim, on je izložio sliku na izložbi u Libre Esthetique u Bruxellesu, a viđena je u Modernoj galeriji u Bruxellesu. On je prihvaćen na Venecijanski bijenal 1901. i 1903. godine, i prikazao je 34 platna u Barceloni Međunarodnoj izložbi 1907. godine

Među jednim od vidljivijih istaknutih djela su "Cristo de la Sangre" (Krist od krvi) ili "Hermandad del Cristo Crucificado" (Bratstvo Raspetoga Krista), na zaslonu u Museo Reina Sofia u Madridu. On je također slikao slične slike pojedinaca kako prolaze tradicionalna mrcvarenja poput raspetog Krista pod naslovom flagelanti (1900). Ove slike je hvalio Unamuno u svojoj knjizi o De Arte Pictorico kao iskrenu predstavu Španjolske: pobožnu i tragičnu Španjolsku, crnu Španjolsku ukorijenjenu posebno u španjolskoj katoličkoj fascinaciju pokorom sakaćenja.

Brinton u svom pregledu izložbe u Americi godine 1909. navodi:

Gil kaže da su lica starijih ljudi koje on slika žestoka, grubo mistična, opsjednuta bolnim mislima, sjenama sjećanja na minulu slavu, tužne duše, oplakivanje pod težinom ideal stoljeća, oni nisu pojedinačni prikazi, ali sinteza tuge španjolske duše.

Jedna od američkih zbirki koja uključuje Zuloagine radove je Evergreen muzej i knjižnica Sveučilišta Johns Hopkins u Baltimoreu, Maryland. Službeno je u vlasništvu Evergreen House Foundation, neovisnog entiteta koji je započela Zuloagina velika prijateljica, filantrop Alice Warder Garrett (1877. – 1952.), Evergreenova djela uključuju portrete u punoj veličini gospođa Garrett (1915; 1928); sjedeći portret veleposlanika Johna Worka Garretta (1872. – 1942.); Španjolski krajobraz; slika temelji se na operi "Goyescas"; i krajobraz Calatayuda (Španjolska).

Airbus A340-642 EC-IZX, prijevozničke tvrtke Iberije nazvan je po njemu.

Zuloaga tijekom španjolskog građanskog rata

Zuloaga je bio žarko privržen nacionalističkim falangistima tijekom Španjolskog građanskog rata i diktatorskog režima generala Franca, čiji je portret naslikao godine 1940. Dok je uništenje devastacija baskijskih sela od strane volontera pilota iz nacističke Njemačke navelo Picassa na slikanje epske slike Guernica, Zuloaga je radije slikao Opsadu Alcazara 1936. kada su se nacionalistički branitelji zgrade odbili predati unatoč tomu što je zgrada bila u plamenu. Ova opsada i druga događanja: poput smrti sina generala Moscarda, poslužila je kao glasni krik za borbu protiv republikanskih snaga. Nacionalistički sadržaj takve naravi bio je srodan Zuloaginom slavljenju narodnih tradicija. Međutim, u Španjolskoj, tijekom stoljeća, ovaj anti-kozmopolitski nacionalistički fokus je također bio korišten za protjerivanje određenih skupina kao što su Židovi, Mauri, i Romi. Francove snage su se udružile s fašističkima. Dakle stilski, izravnost "opsade" izbjegava realistične prikaze; falangizam nije bio privržen složenoj simbolici koju nalazimo u radovima kao što je Guernica.

Iako se može činiti čudno da jedan Bask ima sluha za snage koje su sravnile sa zemljom njegov rodni grad Eibar, i za Generalissima koji je godinama potiskivao učenje baskijskog jezika u Španjolskoj, međutim, baskijske zemlje su bile pristaša karlizma i njihovih paravojski Requetes, koje su formirale krhki savez s Falangom.

U travnju 1939. pišući svom meceni, gđi Garret, Zuloaga je izjavio:

Kasnije je tvrdio da je bio zaprepašten, kao francofil, da je Hitler porazio Francusku 1940. Nakon njegove smrti 1945., prikazan je na španjolskoj novčanici od 500 pezeta koje je emitirao Francov režim u seriji iz 1954., s prikazom Toleda na poleđini. Brinton je u svom eseju 1909 bio dalekovidan u svezi Zuloagine buduće privrženosti falagizmu:

On utjelovljuje u ekstremnom obliku duh autokracije u umjetnosti, načelo apsolutizma tako tipično njegovoj rasi i zemlji. U tim podebljanim radovima, afirmativnim platnima nećete naći ni traga kukavičluka ili kompromisa. Rad je prkosan, gotovo despotski. Ne nastoje pridobiti simpatije niti se boji biti iskreno antipatičan ... tonova nerijetko kiselih, a površine ponekad teške i metalik. Reakcionarno ako hoćete ...

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

http://fundacionzuloaga.com/ Zaklada Zuloaga

Zuloaga
Zuloaga

Ignacio Zuloaga


is the 12th most common Japanese surname.

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Mitsuye Yamada (born 1923), American poet, activist, and professor
, Japanese softball player
, Japanese taekwondo practitioner
, Japanese calligrapher
, Japanese manga artist, writer and poet
, Japanese adventurer, governor of a province of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (Thailand)
, Japanese idol and singer
, Japanese manga artist
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese animator and film director
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese volleyball player
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese speed skater
, Japanese politician
, Japanese general
, Japanese manga artist
, Japanese Zen Buddhist
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese singer and actor
Ryoun Yamada, Japanese Zen Buddhist
Sachiko Yamada (disambiguation), multiple people
, Imperial Japanese Navy admiral
, Japanese ski mountaineer
, Japanese badminton player
, Japanese motorcycle racer
, Japanese politician
, Japanese musician
, Japanese model, actor and singer
, Japanese businessman
, Japanese cross-country skier
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese volleyball player
, Japanese politician
, Japanese metallurgic artist
Sobin Yamada, Japanese Zen Buddhist
Tachi Yamada (1945–2021), scientist and gastroenterologist
, Japanese writer and screenwriter
, Japanese rower
, Japanese footballer
Takahiro Yamada (disambiguation), multiple people
, Japanese actor, singer and producer
Takeshi Yamada (born 1960), American artist
, Japanese Go player
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese singer-songwriter
Tarzan Yamada (born 1962), Japanese drifting driver
, Japanese actor
, Japanese karateka
, Japanese baseball player
, Japanese ice hockey player
, Japanese politician
, Japanese professional wrestler
, Japanese writer, illustrator and translator
, Japanese feminist
, Japanese boxer
, Japanese film director
, Japanese actor and voice actor
, Japanese linguist
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese anime screenwriter
, Japanese mixed martial artist
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese aikidoka
, Japanese model, actress and singer
, Japanese actor
, Japanese darts player
, Japanese ski jumper
, Japanese composer
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese footballer

Fictional characters
, protagonist of the manga series B Gata H Kei
The Yamadas, characters in the film My Neighbors the Yamadas
The Yamada Asaemon clan, characters in the manga series Hell's Paradise: Jigokuraku
, a character in the manga series Working!!
, a character in the manga series Honey and Clover
Chi Yamada, protagonist of the manga series Chi's Sweet Home
, a character in the light novel series Eromanga Sensei
, a character in the manga series Bleach
, a character in the visual novel Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc
, a character in the manga series My Hero Academia
, a character from the multimedia project Hypnosis Mic: Division Rap Battle
, a character from the multimedia project Hypnosis Mic: Division Rap Battle
, a character from the multimedia project Hypnosis Mic: Division Rap Battle
, a character in the video game Fatal Fury 2
, a character in the manga series Shaman King
, a character in the light novel series Infinite Stratos
, protagonist of the manga series Kocchi Muite! Miiko
, protagonist of the manga series Mamotte! Lollipop
, a character in the anime series Valvrave the Liberator
, protagonist of the manga series Yamada-kun and the Seven Witches
, a character in the manga series Sensitive Pornograph
, a character in the anime series Tenchi Muyo! GXP
, protagonist of the manga series Kanpai!
, a character in the anime series Zombie Land Saga
, a character in the manga series Dokaben
Taro Yamada, protagonist of the manga series Yamada Taro Monogatari
Taro Yamada character in Yandere Simulator
, a character in the television series Densha Otoko
, a character in the media franchise Pretty Rhythm
, a character in the manga series Kase-san

References

See also
Courtney Yamada-Anderson (born 1980), American skeleton racer
Japanese name

Japanese-language surnames

Yamada


Jolyon Carlyle Palmer (Horsham, 20. siječnja 1991.) je britanski bivši vozač Formule 1. Sin je Jonathana Palmera koji se u Formuli 1 natjecao od 1983. do 1989.

Karijera
Jolyon je trkaću karijeru započeo s kartingom, ali je već s 14 godina vozio trkaće automobile u T Car prvenstvu, te je u kategoriji T Car Autumn Trophy 2006., dominirao prvenstvom pobijedivši na četiri od šest utrka.

Godine 2007., Jolyon se okušao u utrkama jednosjeda, u Formuli Palmer Audi - natjecanju koje je osnovao njegov otac Jonathan. S pobjedama na Brands Hatchu i Oulton Parku, završio je deseti u poretku. Sljedeće godine u istoj seriji, završava treći s jednom pobjedom i 11 pobjedničkih postolja. Godine 2009. prelazi u prvenstvo Formule 2 gdje osvaja samo tri boda, ali 2010. u istom natjecanju osvaja prvu utrku sezone i završava drugi s pet pobjeda i 10 pobjedničkih postolja.

U GP2 seriji debitirao je 2011. za momčad Arden International. U zadnjoj utrci u Abu Dhabiju prelazi u Barwa Addax Team, te osvaja prvo pobjedničko postolje. Iduće sezone ostaje u istoj seriji, ali prelazi u iSport International gdje vozi zajedno s Marcusom Ericssonom. Jedinu pobjedu ostvario je u Monaku, a završio je 11. u poretku vozača. Jolyon je i 2013. ostao u GP2 seriji, ali u momčadi Carlin gdje mu je momčadski kolega bio Felipe Nasr. Te sezone pobjeđuje u Mađarskoj i Singapuru. Konačno 2014. prelazi u momčad DAMS, pobjeđuje četiri puta tokom sezone, te osvaja naslov u toj kategoriji. Iste godine prvi put testira bolid Formule 1 za momčad Force India.

Odlični nastupi Palmeru su omogućili mjesto testnog i rezervnog vozača u Lotusovoj F1 momčadi za sezonu 2015.

Naslovi
 T Cars Autumn Trophy 2006.
 GP2 Series 2014.

Rezultati u Formuli 1

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Jolyon Palmer na driverdb.com
 Jolyon Palmer - službena stranica

Britanski vozači Formule 1

Jolyon Palmer


Ghost House Pictures este un studio de film care a fost fondat în SUA în 2002 de Robert Tapert și Sam Raimi, care de obicei au co-produs filme  împreună cu Joseph Drake și Nathan Kahane. Compania produce filme horror ca Don't Breathe, Evil Dead, Drag Me to Hell, The Grudge sau  30 Days of Night.

Ghost House Pictures

Ghost House Underground

Seriale TV

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
:Categorie:Filme Ghost House Pictures
2002 în film

Studiouri de film din Statele Unite
Fondări în 2002

Ghost House Pictures


Kirkebyggeri og ordination er en dansk udviklingsbistandsfilm fra 1948.

Handling
Mission Afrika (tidligere Sudanmissionen), missionsfilm fra Nigeria:

En palme bliver fældet. Træet er meget hårdt og angribes ikke af termitter. Palmens botaniske navn er borassus flabelliformis. Efter at være blevet flådet op ad Benuefloden til Numan bliver palmestammerne rullet op på land, og derefter kørt op til missionsstationen. Der lægges grund til den nye kirke i Numan by. Leret bliver æltet og iblandet hakkelse. De store soltørrede mursten nedlægges. Den gamle rundkirke ses baggrunden. Mændene bærer sten til kirken og kvinderne bærer sand. Alle er med, også børnene. Eleverne fra træning-instituttet gør deres indsats. Den gamle kirke bliver revet ned. Tagkonstruktionen bygges af palmestammer og planker.

Den første ordination i Sudanmissionens historie fandt sted 22. februar 1948 i den ikke helt færdige kirke. Fem mænd fra forskellige folkestammer blev præsteviet. Man ser præsteprocessionen på vej til kirken. Missionær Ernst I. Engskov var ordinator. Forskellige missionærer assisterede. Kun danske præster tog del i håndspålæggelsen. De nyordinerede afrikanske præster sammen med missionærer efter præstevielsen. Præsterne Ezra og Ahnuhu. Grupper af missionærer og medarbejdere.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1948

Kirkebyggeri og ordination


Der archäologische Fundplatz in der Nähe des Dorfes Breitenbach im Burgenlandkreis (Sachsen-Anhalt) ist ein bedeutender Vertreter der jüngeren Altsteinzeit. Der Freilandlagerplatz wurde vor mehr als 30.000 Jahren vom anatomisch modernen Menschen wiederholt aufgesucht und genutzt. Anhand typologischer Untersuchungen der Breitenbacher Geräteinventare wird der Fundplatz der ältesten Kultur der jüngeren Altsteinzeit, dem Aurignacien, zugeschrieben. Mit einer Fläche von ungefähr 10.000 Quadratmetern ist Breitenbach die größte Freilandfundstelle des Aurignacien im westlichen Eurasien. Den paläolithischen Fundhorizont überlagert eine Siedlung aus der Jungsteinzeit.

Der paläolithische Fundplatz

Bedeutung

Der Fundplatz Breitenbach ist in vielerlei Hinsicht für die Erforschung des frühen Jungpaläolithikums von Bedeutung:

 Bei Ausgrabungen 2012 wurde eine Mammutelfenbeinwerkstatt entdeckt, die bislang älteste weltweit. Dieses Areal unterscheidet sich grundlegend von den anderen Fundplatzbereichen und liefert damit einen der frühesten Hinweise auf modernmenschliches räumliches Verhalten.

 Aus dem nördlichen Mitteleuropa sind bisher nur wenige aurignacienzeitliche Freilandfundplätze bekannt. Neben dem Fundplatz bei Lommersum ist Breitenbach der einzige  mit einem relativ gut erhaltenen Faunen-Inventar. Freilandfundplätze sind für die Erforschung des räumlichen Verhaltens und der Landnutzungsstrategien besonders geeignet. Allerdings beruft sich der derzeitige Forschungsstand zum frühjungpaläolithischen Landnutzungs- und Subsistenzverhalten fast ausschließlich auf die Inventare der Höhlenfundstellen Süddeutschlands (z. B. Voghelherd, Geißenklösterle und Hohle Fels).
 Die Größe und vermutete Funktion des Fundplatzes ist für das frühe Jungpaläolithikum ungewöhnlich. Die Gesamtfläche wird, stützend auf den Ergebnissen geoarchäologischer Sondagen, auf 10.000 Quadratmeter geschätzt. Fundplätze solcher Größenordnungen sind sonst erst ab dem Gravettien bekannt. Aufgrund der Größe sowie der archäologischen Befunde (siehe unten) erscheint die Bezeichnung des Fundplatzes als "Basislager" angemessen.
 Breitenbach ist einer der am nördlichsten gelegenen aurignacienzeitlichen Fundplätze. Abseits der bekannten aurignacienzeitlichen "Innovationszentren" Südfrankreichs, Süddeutschlands und Österreichs handelt es sich bei Breitenbach um einen an der Peripherie der aurignacienzeitlichen Ökumene gelegenen Fundplatz.
 Als innerhalb des Aurignacien junger Fundplatz ist Breitenbach für die Forschung sowohl für den Übergang vom Aurignacien zum Gravettien als auch für die Erforschung der Ursprünge der kulturellen Moderne (jüngere Altsteinzeit), deren endgültige Entwicklung sich wahrscheinlich im Laufe des Aurignacien vollzog, von großer Wichtigkeit.

Lage

Das Dorf Breitenbach ist Ortsteil der Gemeinde Wetterzeube im Burgenlandkreis. Der Fundplatz liegt an der Schneidemühle am Ufer der Aga, einem rechten Zufluss der Weißen Elster, auf einem aus nordwestlicher Richtung kommenden Geländesporn.

Entdeckung und Forschungsgeschichte

Der Fundplatz wurde im März 1925 vom Breitenbacher Lehrer Erich Tiersch entdeckt und die Entdeckung am 4. April 1925 in den Zeitzer Neueste Nachrichten bekannt gegeben. Große Mengen an Tierknochen waren bereits im Herbst des Vorjahres bei Ausschachtungsarbeiten eines Holzstapelplatzes zutage gekommen, wurden aber entsorgt. Auf erste Sondagen (1925) durch Alfred Götze und H. Hess von Wichdorff folgten 1927/28 großflächige Ausgrabungen unter Leitung von Nils Niklasson und F. Wiegers, die eine Fläche von 400 Quadratmeter untersuchten und eine stratigrafische Abfolge der geologischen und archäologischen Schichten erstellten. Eine Raubgrabung, deren Funde 1958 an das Germanische Nationalmuseum verkauft wurden, fand wahrscheinlich 1930/31 statt. Außer vereinzelter Sondagen fanden bis 2004 keine weiteren Geländearbeiten statt. Seit 2009 wird der Fundplatz durch das Archäologische Forschungszentrum und Museum für menschliche Verhaltensevolution Monrepos  des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt (LDSA) und der archäologischen Fakultät der Universität Leiden untersucht.

Kohlenstoffdatierungen

Radiokohlenstoffdatierungen setzen das Alter der Breitenbacher Fundschicht zwischen 23.990±180BP (OxA-11964) und 28.380±170BP (OxA-11889) an. Kalibriert (mit CalPal)Damit fiele die Besiedlung zwischen 30.824±338BP und 26.883±401BP. Wahrscheinlich sind die jüngeren Datierungen jedoch als Folge von Kontamination zu erklären. Basierend auf stratigrafischen Vergleichen scheint Breitenbach an das Ende des Aurignaciens zu datieren, da die frühesten mitteleuropäischen Gravettien-Inventare bereits vor 30.000 Kohlenstoffjahren auftraten.

Geräteinventar

Das Breitenbacher Geräteinventar ist aus baltischen Flint gefertigt. Das Inventar besteht aus etwa 5762 Artefakten, von denen 737 als Werkzeuge angesehen wurden. Am häufigsten kommen Stichel (46 %), verschiedene Kratzer (25,4 %) sowie andere "weniger standardisierte Formen" (25 %) vor. Zu den Steingeräten kommen noch einige bearbeitete Knochen und organische Geräte hinzu. Weiterhin liegen Schmuckobjekte vor. Darunter sind mehrere durchlochte Polarfuchs-Canini, ein mit parallelen Kerben versehenes Rippenbruchstück sowie ein Stück bearbeitetes Elfenbein.

Funktion des Fundplatzes

Die räumliche Ausdehnung des Fundplatzes ist ungewöhnlich groß und mit einem Basislager vergleichbar. Auch die teils 12 bis 20 Zentimeter mächtige, von verbrannten Knochen durchzogene Fundschicht deutet auf ein intensives Geschehen hin. Weiterhin sprechen das Einbringen großer Steinblöcke und Sandsteinplatten sowie das Vorkommen von Gruben und Feuerstellen für intensive, über längere Zeit dauernde Besiedlungen. Des Weiteren gibt es Hinweise auf differenzierte Aktivitätszonen, die wohl als Zentren für spezifische Aktivitäten dienten, z. B. vier als Schlagplätze bezeichnete Feuersteinkonzentrationen sowie eine räumlich deutlich begrenzte "Fundkonzentration um einen Stoßzahn herum".

Faunenreste
Breitenbach erlangte ursprünglich durch die in der Literatur hervorgehobenen Mammutreste Bekanntheit als Mammutjägerstation. Allerdings hegen jüngste Untersuchungen Zweifel an dieser Interpretation, da die Mammutreste, die sich größtenteils aus Zähnen und Elfenbein zusammensetzen, nicht notwendigerweise auf die Bejagung des Mammuts hinweisen. Pferd und Rentier kommen ebenfalls in größeren Mengen vor – Wollnashorn, Rothirsch, Hyäne, Wolf, Polarfuchs, Schneehase, Höhlenlöwe und die Reste eines Krähenvogels schließen das bisher identifizierte Spektrum der Faunen ab. Da die bisher untersuchten Knochen nur minimalen Raubtierverbiss aufweisen und fast ausschließlich im archäologischen Horizont auftreten, ist davon auszugehen, dass es sich beim Großteil dieser Faunenreste (mit Ausnahme der Mammute) um die Jagdbeute der aurignacienzeitlichen Jäger handelt.

Die jungsteinzeitliche Siedlung

Eine Siedlung der jungsteinzeitlichen bandkeramischen Kultur (etwa 7,500-5,500BP) wurde von H. Hess von Wichdorff bei Sondagen 1927/28 entdeckt. Er  beschrieb Oberflächenfunde in Form von Scherben sowie die Umrisse von mehreren "Wohngruben". Weiterhin wurden größere Mengen Gefäßscherben und Steinbeile geborgen. Die neolithische Siedlung wird vom Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt untersucht.

Literatur
 Groiß, J.T. 1987. Fossilfunde aus dem Aurignacien von Breitenbach, Kreis Zeitz, Bez. Halle. Quartär 37/38: 97-100
 Grünberg, J. 2006. New AMS Dates for Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Camp Sites and Single Finds in Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia (Germany). Proceedings of the Prehistoric  Society 72: 95-112
 Jöris, O. & L. Morau. 2010. Vom Ende des Aurignacien – zur chronologischen Stellung des Freilandfundplatzes Breitenbach (Burgenlandkr.) im Kontext des Frühen und Mittleren Jungpaläolithikums in Mitteleuropa. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 40: 1-20
 Moreau, L. 2012. The Aurignacian of Breitenbach (Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany): The state of flake production. In: Pastoors, A and M Peresani (eds) Flakes not Blades - The role of flake production at the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic. Wissenschaftliche Schriften des Neandertal Museums 5: 181-197
 Niklasson,N. 1927. Die paläolithische Station bei der Schneidemühle bei Breitenbach im Kreise Zeitz. Tagungsber. Dt. Anthr. Ges. Köln 49:89-90
 Pohl, G. 1958. Die jungpaläolithische Station Breitenbach, Kr. Zeitz und ihre bisherige Beurteilung. Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte 41/42: 178-190
 Porr, M. 2004. Menschen wie wir. Die Aurignacien-Fundstelle von Breitenbach. In: H. Meller (Hrsg.), Paläolithikum und Mesolithikum. Kataloge zur Dauerausstellung im Landesmuseum. Halle
 Richter, J. 1987. Jungpaläolithische Funde aus Breitenbach/Kr. Zeitz im Germanischen Nationalmuseum  Nürnberg. Quartär 37/38: 63-96
 Street, M & T. Terberger. 2003. New Evidence for the Chronology of the Aurignacian and the Question of Pleniglacial Settlement in Western Central Europe. In: Francesco d'Errico, João Zilhão (Hrsg.): The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes. Dating, Stratigraphies, Cultural Implications. Proceedings of Symposium 6.I of the XIVth Congress of the UISPP, Liege 2001. Trabalhos Arqu. 33 (Lissabon 2003) 213-221
 Von Wichdorff, H. H. 1932. Ein bedeutsames geologischvorgeschichtliches Profil im Bereich der paläolithischen Freilandstation an der Schneidemühle bei Zeitz (Prov. Sachsen). Mannus 24: 60-63

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Archäologischer Fundplatz in Sachsen-Anhalt
Aurignacien
Gravettien

Fundplatz Breitenbach


An Typhonium bachmaense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Van Dzu Nguyen ngan Wilbert Leonard Anna Hetterscheid. An Typhonium bachmaense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Typhonium, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Vietnam. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Typhonium

Typhonium bachmaense


Andrei Marius Gag () este un atlet român specializat pe aruncarea greutății.

Carieră
În 2010 a cucerit medalia de argint la proba de aruncarea discului la Campionatul Mondial de Juniori de la Moncton, Canada.

În 2013 a decis să dea prioritate aruncării greutății. La această probă, a aruncat 20,69 metri la meeting-ul de la Lisabona în iulie 2015, îndeplinind baremul de calificare pentru Jocurile Olimpice din 2016 de la Rio de Janeiro. În același an, s-a clasat pe locul doi la Universiada de la Gwangju, apoi a stabilit un nou record național cu 20,96 metri la Balcaniada de la Pitești.

În anul 2016 Andrei Gag a cucerit medalia de argint la Campionatul Mondial în sală de la Portland cu o aruncare de 20,89 m. În iulie 2016 a stabilit un nou record național cu 21,06 metri, apoi a fost pe locul 13 la Jocurile Olimpice de la Rio de Janeiro. La Universiada din 2017 de la Taipei a obținut medalia de bronz. Apoi a fost numit cel mai bun atlet român al anului de Federația Română de Atletism.

Recorduri personale

Realizări

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1991
Atleți olimpici români
Aruncători cu greutatea
Aruncători cu discul
Atleți la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2016
Campioni naționali de atletism ai României
Oameni din județul Arad

Andrei Gag


جيكوب «جاك» هاغر  (بالإنجليزية: Jacob "Jake" Hager) (ولد 24 مارس، 1982)  هو مصارع أمريكي سابق. وفنان قتال مختلط حاليًا يقاتل في اتحاد (بيلاتور) كان موقع لمنظمة دبليو دبليو إي. حيث يصارع بالاسم جاك سواغر.

قبل أن يظهر سواغر في قسم إي سي دبليو، كان يتدرب في منظمة فلوريدا تشامبيونشيب ريسلينغ، حيث كان هناك بطل بطولة إف سي دبليو ساوثرن للوزن الثقيل وبطل بطولة إف سي دبليو للوزن الثقيل. وعندما جاء سواغر إلى قسم إي سي دبليو أصبح بطل العالم للوزن الثقيل عندما ربح بطولة إي سي دبليو في شهر يناير عام 2009. في عام 2010، وبينما لا يزال سواغر عضوًا في راو، استطاع أن يفوز بمباراة موني إن ذا بنك التي أقيمت في رايسلمانيا إكس إكس في أي. بعدها بيومين، تخلص من الحقيبة عندما لعب مباراة على لقب بطولة دبليو دبليو إي العالمية للوزن الثقيل أمام كريس جيريكو وفاز بها. ليصبح بذلك بطل العالم مرتين.

المسيرة في مصارعة المحترفين

المسيرة المبكرة
انضم هاغر إلى (جامعة أوكلاهوما) باعتباره لاعبا لرياضتين. وهناك، لعب هاغر كرة القدم، حيث كان يلعب خلف لاعبي دوري كرة القدم الأمريكي (إن إف إل) تومي هاريس وداستي دفوريكيك. ونظرا للعبه المصارعة في المرحلة الثانوية، انضم إلى فريق المصارعة في سنته الثانية في الجامعة. وأثناء سنته الأولى في الجامعة، التقى بجيم روس، الذي كان آنذاك رئيس قسم العلاقات والمواهب في منظمة دبليو دبليو إي، وخلال لقائه به، طلب روس من هاغر الاتصال به بعد أن يتخرج. وفي عام 2006، أصبح هاغر أكثر المصارعين الذين يثبتون خصومهم، حيث ثبتهم 30 مرة. وبعد ذلك، تخرج من جامعة أوكلاهوما مع شهادة البكالوريوس في العلوم المالية.

دبليو دبليو إي (2006- حتى الآن)

منظمات التدريب (2006-2008)
ظهر سواغر لأول مرة في منظمة ديب سواث ريسلينغ (دي إس دبليو) التابعة للدبليو دبليو إي عندما هزم أنطونيو مستير في مباراة مظلمة أقيمت في سبتمبر 2006. واصل سواغر اللعب في المباريات المظلمة إلى أن انتقل إلى منظمة أوهايو فالي ريسلينغ (أو في دبليو) في يناير 2007. ظهر سواغر لأول مرة في منظمة أو في دبليو عندما هزم أطلس دابون. بعدها، بدأ عداوة مع كي.سي جيمس. كما بدأ يتعاون مع عدة مصارعين لكي يهزموا فريق كي. سي جيمس وزميله كاسيدي جيمس.

في أغسطس 2007، أنتقل سواغر إلى منظمة فلوريدا تشامبيونشيب ريسلينغ (إف سي دبليو)، حيث بدأ عداوة مع تي جي ويلسون. في 15 فبراير، 2008 لعب سواغر مباراة باتل رويل ل23 مصارع أقيمت في تامبا، فلوريدا حيث تغلب على تيد ديبياسي الإبن ليصبح سواغر أول بطل لبطولة إف سي دبليو فلوريدا.

في 22 مارس، 2008، لعب سواغر ضد بطل بطولة إف سي دبليو سوثرن للوزن الثقيل هيث ميلير في نيو بورت ريتشي، فلوريدا لمعرفة من هو بطل الوزن الثقيل الحقيقي. انتهت المباراة بفوز سواغر الذي أصبح البطل غير المتنازع عليه في منظمة فلوريدا تشامبيونشيب ريسلينغ.

أول خسارة لسواغر كانت في مباراة مظلمة جرت في 18 مارس، 2008 في راو عندما خسر لويليام ريغال.

إي سي دبليو وراو (2008-2009)
ظهر سواغر لأول مرة في قسم إي سي دبليو في 9 سبتمبر، 2008 حيث ظهر باسم جاك سواغر. وبدأ يربح مبارياته التي كانت ضد مصارعين محليين. ثم بدأ يظهر شخصيته المكروهة عندما كان يرفض أن يرفع الحكم يده بعد أن ينتصر في مبارياته. بعدها، بدأ عداوة مع تومي دريمر عندما هاجم سواغر دريمر الذي كان ينقذ تشيس ستيفن من أيدي مايك نوكس. وأثناء عداوتهم، حقق سواغر عدة انتصارات على دريمر. منها، انتصار في «مباراة مصارعة»، «انتصار في تحدي أول اميركان». وانتهى عداوتهم بعدة عدة أسابيع في مباراة إكستريم رولز التي ربحها سواغر لتتواصل سلسلة انتصارته.

بدأ سواغر في التركيز على بطولة إي سي دبليو التي كان يحملها مات هاردي، حيث ربح سواغر مباراة المتحدي الأول في 30 ديسمبر لمواجهة هاردي. في 13 يناير، 2009، في حلقة إي سي دبليو نجح سواغر في الفوز بالبطولة بعد أن تغلب على مات هاردي. حيث كانت تلك بطولته الأولى في الدبليو دبليو إي. وانتهت سلسلة انتصاراته بعد أن فاز فينلي عليه في مباراة ليست على اللقب. بعد أن نجح سواغر في الحفاظ على بطولته في حدث رويال رامبل أمام مات هاردي وفي حدث نو واي أوت أمام فينلي، بدأ سواغر عداوة مع العائد كريستان الذي خسر سواغر أمامه في مباراة على اللقب أقيمت في حدث باكلاش. حيث حافظ سواغر على البطولة لمدة 104 أيام. بعد أن خسر اللقب، بدأ سواغر في محاولة استعادته في مباراة ثلاثية أقيمت بينه وبين كريستان وبين تومي دريمر في حدث إكستريم رولز. لكنه لم يكن موفقا. ثم حاول مرة أخرى أن يفوز بها في مباراة سكرامبل ماتش غير أنه لم يكن موفقا.

في 29 يونيو، انتقل سواغر إلى قسم راو، وظهر لأول مرة في مباراة غانتلت ثلاثة ضد واحد التي لعبت ضد بطل الدبليو دبليو إي راندي أورتن. حيث انسحب سواغر من المباراة في محاولة لإبهار راندي أورتن. في 13 يوليو، فاز سواغر بأولى مبارياته في راو عندما تغلب على مونتيل فونتافيوس بورتر (إم في بي). وبدأ بعدها عداوة معه استمرت لأسابيع قبل أن تنتهي في حدث سمرسلام 2009 عندما فاز إم في بي عليه. وبعد أن انتهت عداوته مع إم في بي، بدأ سواغر في محاولة الفوز بلقب الولايات المتحدة، حيث لعب أول مباراة على اللقب في 21 سبتمبر ضد البطل كوفي كنغستون. غير أنه خسر المباراة عندما سرق حزام البطولة وخرج من الحلبة به. غير أن كنغستون سرق الحزام من سواغر عندما لعب سواغر مباراة ضد ذا ميز. وحاول سواغر الفوز بالبطولة في مباراة ثلاثية أقيمت بينه وبين كوفي كنغستون وبين ذا ميز في حدث هيل إن سيل غير أنه لم يكن موفقا.

بطل العالم للوزن الثقيل (2010)

في رايسلمانيا إكس إكس في أي، استطاع سواغر أن يفوز بمباراة موني إن ذا بنك بعد رمى الحقيبة على كريستان وامسك بها مرة أخرى. مما يمنحه فرصة للعب مباراة على لقب بطولة الدبليو دبليو إي أو بطولة دبليو دبليو إي العالمية للوزن الثقيل في أي وقت يشاء خلال عام. بعدها بيوم في راو، حاول سواغر أن يلعب مباراة أمام بطل بطولة الدبليو دبليو إي جون سينا، إلا أنه غير رأيه عندما علم أن سينا في صحة جيدة وسيهزمه.

بعدها في 2 أبريل، في حلقة سماكداون، تخلص سواغر من الحقيبة عندما فاز على كريس جيريكو ليصبح بطل بطولة دبليو دبليو إي العالمية للوزن الثقيل. في 16 أبريل في حلقة سماكداون، نجح في الحفاظ على البطولة في مباراة ثلاثية أقيمت بينه وبين كريس جيريكو وإيدج. كما نجح في الحفاظ عليها في مباراة إكستريم رولز جرت في حدث إكستريم رولز ضد راندي أورتن.

في المصارعة
 الحركات القاضية
 بايتريوت لوك (قفل الكاحل)
 غت رينش بوربومب
 ريد، وايث، اند بلو ثندر (سبن أوت بوربومب)-2008
 حركات معروف بها
 أبدومنيال ستريتش
 كورنر سلينشوت سبلاش
 حركة سوبليكس بشكل مختلف في كل مرة
 جيرمان سوبليكس
 غت رينش سوبليكس.
 فيرتكال سوبليكس
 أوكلاهوما ستمبد
 رننغ ني لفت
 الألقاب
 «ذي أول اميركان أميركان»
 «مستر موني إن ذا بنك»
 أغنية الدخول
 «غت داون أون يور ني». بواسطة إيج اغنيتس ذا ماشين (منذ نوفمبر 2008- حتى الآن)

بطولات وجوائز
 فلوريدا تشامبيونشيب ريسلينغ
 بطولة إف سي دبليو فلوريدا للوزن الثقيل (مرة)
 بطولة إف سي دبليو سوثرن للوزن الثقيل (مرة)
 برو ريسلينغ إيلوستريتد
 بي دبليو أي وضعته في المركز الثامن عشر في قائمة أفضل 500 مصارع جوائز بي دبليو اي 500 لعام 2009
 وورلد ريسلينغ إنترتاينمينت / دبليو دبليو إي
 بطولة إي سي دبليو (مرة)
 السيد. ماني إن ذا بانك (2010)
 بطولة العالم للوزن الثقيل (مرة)
 بطولة دبليو دبليو إي الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (مرة)

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 جاك سواغر في دبليو دبليو إي دوت كوم

فنانو الدفاع عن النفس المختلطون من الوزن الثقيل
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بيري (أوكلاهوما)
جمهوريون من ولاية أوكلاهوما
خريجو جامعة أوكلاهوما
رياضيون أمريكيون أدينوا بجرائم
رياضيون من أوكلاهوما
فنون القتال المختلطة
لاعبو أوكلاهوما سونرز فوتبول
لاعبو كرة قدم أمريكية من أوكلاهوما
مصارعون رياضيون أمريكيون
مصارعون محترفون أمريكيون
مصارعون محترفون في القرن 21
مصارعون محترفون من أوكلاهوما
مقاتلو فنون قتالية مختلطة أمريكيون
مقاتلو فنون قتالية مختلطة من أوكلاهوما
مقاتلو ومقاتلات فنون قتالية مختلطة
مواليد 1982
مواليد في بيري (أوكلاهوما)

جاك هاغر


Hans Hugo Christian Hartleb (* 3. Mai 1910 in Kassel; † unbekannt) war ein deutscher Opernregisseur.

Leben
Hartleb studierte zunächst Theaterwissenschaft an der Universität München und wurde dort 1936 promoviert.

1935 wurde er Oberspielleiter an der Volksoper Berlin. 1947 bis 1956 wirkte er in ähnlicher Funktion an den Städtischen Bühnen Essen, 1956 bis 1961 an der Oper Frankfurt und von 1961 bis 1967 an der Bayerischen Staatsoper in München.

Seither lebt er als freischaffender Regisseur in München. Als seine besondere Domäne gilt die moderne Oper sowie das italienische Repertoire.

Werke

 singbare Opernübersetzungen

Literatur

 Horst Seeger: Opernlexikon. Berlin 1988, S. 292.

Weblinks

Theaterregisseur
Opernregisseur
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes mit Stern
Deutscher
Geboren 1910
Gestorben im 20. oder 21. Jahrhundert
Mann

Hans Hartleb (Regisseur)


În cristalografie, sistemul cristalin cubic (numit și regulat sau izometric) este un sistem cristalin al cărui celulă elementară este de forma unui cub. Acesta este unul dintre cele mai simple și mai întâlnite sisteme de cristalizare pentru cristale și minerale. Există trei tipuri de cristale cubice: simple, centrate intern și cu fețe centrate.

Tipuri

Rețele Bravais
Există trei varietăți principale ale cristalelor cubice:
Cubic primitiv (abreviat cP sau cubic simplu)
Cubic centrat intern (abreviat cI sau cci),
Cubic cu fețe centrate (abreviat cF sau cfc);

Clase cristaline
Cristalele din sistemul cubic se clasifică în alte cinci clase cristaline:
 Tetratoidal
 Diploidal
 Hextetrahedral
 Giroidal
 Hexoctahedral

Vezi și
 Sistem cristalin
 Structură cristalină

Referințe

Cristalografie

Sistem cristalin cubic


Hujjat al-Islam (, ) is an Islamic honorific title meaning "authority on Islam" or "proof of Islam".

Sunni Islam
Its first recorded use was in a Sunni context, as a title for the 11th-century theologian al-Ghazali, due to his refutations of Hellenistic-influenced philosophers and Isma'ilis. It was later used as a term of respect for judges.

In the contemporary era, Egyptian Muhaddith Qadi Ahmad Shakir would confer the title "Hujjat al-Islam" to his master Muhammad Rashid Rida, upon his death. Deobandis granted this title to their leader Hanafi Maturidi theologian Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi for his debates with scholars of other religions and establishing Darul Uloom Deoband.

Shia Islam
In Twelver Shia the title is awarded to scholars. It was originally applied as an honorific to leading scholars, but now the use indicates a status in the hierarchy of the learned below ayatollah.

Its earliest attested use for a Shia personage was during the Qajar period for Muhammad Baqir Shafti (d. 1843).

See also

 Allamah
 Shaykh of Sufism
 Sheikh ul-Islam
 Ayatollah
 Seghatoleslam

References

Islamic honorifics
Islamic Persian honorifics
Religious leadership roles
Shia Islam
Islamic legal occupations

Hujjat al-Islam


Longhin Jar, pe numele de mirean Mihail Jar, () este întemeietorul Mănăstirii Bănceni, fost stareț al acesteia, actualmente mitropolit de Bănceni. Este cunoscut pentru faptul că a înfiat peste 30 de copii (pe numele Jar) iar alții peste 300 sub tutelă.

Este o figură publică cunoscută și constructor de biserici, fondator și șef al unui adăpost mare pentru copii, care operează la mănăstirea din Molnița. Are titlul de stat Erou al Ucrainei (2008). Cunoscut pentru atitudinea anti-ecumenista.

Note

Bibliografie
 Biografia pe site-ul bisericii

Nașteri în 1965
Episcopi ucraineni
Români din Ucraina
Oameni în viață
Oameni din Ținutul Herța
Binefăcători

Longhin Jar


Deubachshof ist ein früheres landwirtschaftliches Gut und heutiges Industriegebiet im Gebiet der Gemeinde Krauthausen im Wartburgkreis in Thüringen.

Lage
Deubachshof liegt westlich von Eisenach und südwestlich von Krauthausen unmittelbar nördlich der Bundesautobahn 4 und an der Bundesstraße 7 Eisenach-Kassel. Von der B7 zweigt in der Gemarkung Deubachshof die Landesstraße 1017 (ehemals: Bundesstraße 7a) in Richtung Pferdsdorf-Spichra und Herleshausen ab. Die geographische Höhe des Ortes beträgt .

Geschichte

Der heutige Deubachshof und die zugehörigen Ländereien waren seit dem Mittelalter dem Amt Creuzburg zugehörig.
Das Lehensrecht übte bis zur Säkularisation das Kloster Hersfeld aus. Die in Stedtfeld ansässige Adelssippe der Hovemeister, ein Ministerialengeschlecht der Thüringer Landgrafen, waren vermutlich die Begründer des Deubachshofes. In der Stedtfelder Chronik wird erwähnt: die Hälfte (des Dorfes Stedtfeld), welche Heinrich Hovemeister geerbt hatte, ging über dessen Tochter Adelheid 1420 an Hermann von Boyneburgk, welcher auch seines Schwiegervaters Anteile aufkaufte und 1454 von Hersfeld belehnt wurde
 Hermann Hovemeister verpfändete bereits 1369 seine Hälfte zeitweise an Heinrich von Nesselröden, Johann von Creutzburg, Johann und Fritz von Frymar und Johann Gottschalk.

Der Deubachshof befand sich seit dem 16. Jahrhundert im alleinigen Besitz der Familie von Boyneburgk zu Stedtfeld. Diese wohnten jedoch meist in ihren Stedtfelder Schlössern, während auf dem Deubachshof Pächter eingesetzt wurden. Zu den bekanntesten Besitzern des Deubachshofes zählte der Kriegsveteran August von Boyneburgk, ein ihm gewidmetes Denkmal wurde auf dem Hörschelberg, etwa 1500 Meter westlich vom Gutshof errichtet.

Die bereits vor Kriegsausbruch begonnenen Vorbereitungsarbeiten an der Autobahntrasse zwischen Herleshausen und Eisenach hatten den Deubachshof noch nicht betroffen, jedoch befand sich am benachbarten Ramsborn bei Eisenach ein Sonderlager mit Quarantänestation für Kriegsgefangene. Während des Krieges mussten Zwangsarbeiter und Kriegsgefangene, die im Eisenacher Kasernengelände Am Ludendorfwall (etwa 2 km östlich) untergebracht waren in der Landwirtschaft "aushelfen".

Mit der Enteignung der Großgrundbesitzer nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg verließen die Boyneburgks ihre thüringischen Besitzungen. Zunächst wurden Neubauern und Flüchtlinge auf dem Deubachshof untergebracht. Deubachshof wurde nach 1945 ein Volkseigenes Gut. Die dicht am Gut vorbeiführende Pferdsdorfer Straße wurde von den Siegermächten zur Transitstraße nach West-Berlin  bestimmt und erhielt somit eine enorme strategische Bedeutung.

Die Flur des Hofes wurde 1952 im Zusammenhang mit der Umorganisation der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe im Kreis Eisenach von Stedtfeld nach Krauthausen umgemeindet.
Neben dem Feldbau und der Weidewirtschaft wurde als dritte Säule eine Geflügelzucht am Deubachshof etabliert. Die ab 1960 am Südhang des benachbarten Tellberges erbauten Hühnerställe wurden in den 1970er Jahren nochmals erneuert und in der Kapazität beträchtlich erweitert. Das volkswirtschaftliche Ziel war eine Hähnchenmast-Anlage mit einer Kapazität von etwa 520.000 Brathähnchen (im damaligen DDR-Sprachgebrauch als Broiler bezeichnet). Die Mastgänseproduktion wurde durch Kooperation mit einem Geflügelbetrieb in Wenigenlupnitz erweitert. In einer vom Deubach gefluteten Senke wurde dafür zeitweise die Gänsehaltung erprobt.

Ab August 1961 war der Besuch des Deubachshofes nur noch mit Passierschein gestattet, an der Straße von Eisenach nach Creuzburg befand sich zunächst ein mit Schlagbaum versehener Posten der Grenzpolizei, er wurde nach 1975 an die Straßenkreuzung beim Deubachshof verlagert und diente auch der Überwachung des Transitverkehrs.
Der Ausbau der Autobahn 4 war mit der Errichtung der Werratalbrücke Hörschel und dem Bau der Grenzübergangsstelle Wartha verbunden. Die Vorarbeiten begannen 1982 und hatten die Ausweitung des Sperrgebietes bis zur Eisenacher Autobahnmeisterei am Mosewald zur Folge.
Das Gelände der Autobahn und der heutige Rasthof Eisenach wurden hermetisch überwacht, am Nordrand des Geländes kann man noch einen original erhaltenen Wachturm, Gittermasten mit Scheinwerfern am LKW-Parkplatz (Zollbereich) und Reste der Umzäunung betrachten.

Als Folge der Grenzöffnung im November 1989 wurde der Deubachshof wieder aus dem Sperrgebiet entlassen, der benachbarte Geflügelmastbetrieb hatte bereits in den 1970er Jahren durch den Bau von zwei Wohnhäusern zur Vergrößerung der Siedlung geführt. Nach 1990 entstanden weitere Häuser und die Anlage eines Gewerbegebietes ab 1992. Das ursprüngliche Gehöft Deubachshof wurde durch die Randlage als Landwirtschaftsbetrieb unbrauchbar und wird zum Verkauf angeboten. Das 65 Hektar große Gewerbegebiet ist voll belegt und brachte Arbeitsplätze für die Stadt Eisenach und das Umland. Als bedeutendster Betrieb hat sich die BMW Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH angesiedelt.
Im Jahr 2010 wurde mit der Nordverlegung der Bundesautobahn 4 am Deubachshof ein Großprojekt des Verkehrswegeplanes Deutsche Einheit abgeschlossen. In der Nähe des Gutes wurde 2013 das erste Solarkraftwerk der Gemeinde Krauthausen an der Autobahn aufgebaut.

2016 verkaufte die Gemeinde Krauthausen den verfallenen früheren Gutshof an einen benachbarten Industriebetrieb, der den Abriss der historischen Bausubstanz plant.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Ort im Wartburgkreis
Krauthausen

Deubachshof


Makhachkala previously known as Petrovskoye (; 1844–1857) and Port-Petrovsk (; 1857–1921), or by the local Kumyk name of Anji, is the capital and largest city of Dagestan, Russia. The city is located on the Caspian Sea, covering an area of , with a population of over 623,254 residents, while the urban agglomeration covers over , with a population of roughly 1 million residents. Makhachkala is the fourth-largest city in the Caucasus, the largest city in the North Caucasus and the North Caucasian Federal District, as well as the third-largest city on the Caspian Sea. The city is extremely ethnically diverse, with a minor ethnic Russian population.

The city's historic predecessor is the port town of Anji (Andzhi), which was located in Kumykia, and which was a part of possessions of Tarki state, the capital of Kumyks known from the 8th century.

The city was named Petrovskoye after Peter the Great. After gaining city status in 1857, the Petrovskoye fortress was renamed Petrovsk-Port. After the Russian Revolution, Petrovsk-Port was renamed Makhachkala on May 14, 1921, after Bolshevik revolutionary . On the same day, it became capital of the newly formed Dagestan ASSR. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city became the capital of the Republic of Dagestan.

Makhachkala is an important economic, educational, scientific, and cultural centre of the North Caucasus. The city is a major Russian seaport on the Caspian Sea, and a transport hub. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Russia, and is currently going through a construction boom.

History

Makhachkala's historic predecessors were the towns of Tarki and Anji (or Andzhi, or Anji-kala), dating their history, according to some sources, back to Khazar times. Some chronicles suggest that it was the name of a citadel of Khazarian capital of Semender, which was called Anji-kala.

During the first Muslim conquests of Dagestan, it was exposed to an influx of Muslims. During the reign of Umayyad Caliph Hisham b. Abdülmelik (724-743), the caliph's brother Maslama succeeded in establishing Islamic dominance in the region with his conquests. In the following years, one of the Umayyad commanders, Marwan b. Mohammed also organized successful raids to Dagestan. However, the Islamic domination in the region ended in 796 (180 AH) when the Khazars captured Derbend. In the early days of the Abbasids, the struggle against the Khazars continued. This struggle, which lasted for two centuries, ended with the victory of the Muslim Arabs. In 815, Sheikh Abu Ishaq and Sheikh Mohammed al-Kindi entered Dagestan with a volunteer army of about 2000 people and tried to spread Islam. In the second half of the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took a part of the region under their control. Dagestan was invaded by the Mongols in 1222. The Cumans (Kipchaks), who ruled in the north of the Black Sea and the Caucasus, played an important role in the Turkification of the region. Later on, the Ilkhanids, Golden Horde Khanate, Timurids, Shirvanshahs and Safavids dominated Dagestan respectively. Dagestan came under Ottoman rule between 1578 and 1606.

The Safavids started operations to spread Shiism in Dagestan at the beginning of the 19th century but were met with fierce resistance of Dagestanis. Shah Abbas II established a significant influence in Dagestan in 1639. It started to attract the attention of the Russians from the 17th century onwards. It remained the scene of a struggle for influence between Iranians, Russians and Ottomans from the beginning of the 17th century.

When the Safavids began to lose their power at the beginning of the 17th century, the people of Dagestan united under the leadership of Çolak Surhay Khan of the Gazikumukh Khanate, and they won a victory against Iran in 1712. In order to continue their success, he took the people of Dagestan, who asked for help from the Ottoman administration, under his protection by sending gifts to the sultans of the Sublime Porte.

Although the Russians could not hold on to the interior of Dagestan, they expanded their sovereignty towards the Caspian coast and could only be stopped in front of Baku with the help of the Ottoman forces under the command of Mustafa Pasha. With a treaty signed between Russia and Iran in 1724, Derbend, Baku and some other places in the region were left to Russia. As a result of his struggles against the Russians, Nadir Shah captured the south of Dagestan, Derbend and Baku with the Rasht Treaty signed in 1732, and some lands between the Sulak and Kura (Kür) rivers with the 1735 treaty. After 1747, the Russians regained influence in Dagestan.

In the 1840s, after Russian Empire seized the Kumyk plateau, Anji-kala became the place where fort Petrovskoye was founded. A town status was granted to the fortress in 1857. The Russian name of the city was Petrovskoye ()—after the Russian Tsar Peter the Great, who waged war in the region in 1722 during his Persian Campaign. However, among the local Kumyks the city was still known as Anzhi-Qala, The Pearl Fortress (Qala means fortress or a city with walls, while Anzhi / Inzhi / Inji means pearl in Kumyk). There is also still a hill called Anji-arqa, meaning the hill of Anji.

After gaining town status in 1857, the Petrovskoye fortress was renamed Petrovsk-Port (), sometimes simply Petrovsk.

In 1894, a railway line linked the city to Vladikavkaz (in present-day North Ossetia-Alania) and Baku (in present-day Azerbaijan). However, despite the development, a report from 1904 detailed the spread of malaria and unsuitable drinking water in the city.

In January 1919, during the Russian Civil War, the British No. 221 Squadron Royal Air Force based themselves at Petrovsk.  In March they were joined by No. 266 Squadron and both squadrons were involved in bombing operations against Bolshevik forces in Astrakhan and elsewhere. In August 1919 both squadrons were withdrawn from Petrovsk. The city was invaded by the Red Army in March 1920.

As part of the Soviet revolution, place names relating to monarchy or religion were changed, and thus on 14 May 1921, Petrovsk was renamed Makhachkala, after Dagestani revolutionary Magomed-Ali 'Makhach' Dakhadaev. On the same day, it became capital of the newly formed Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The city incurred major damage during an earthquake on 14 May 1970. The city was briefly renamed Shamilkala during the disintegration of the Soviet Union in honor of the Dagestani freedom fighter Imam Shamil.

The area was used as a Soviet-era naval testing station, leaving behind a curious sea fort off nearby Kaspiysk ().

A report of the International Crisis Group from 2013 describes the city as being "a city of almost one million and gained spectacular economic resources due to a construction boom, skyrocketing land prices, substantial federal funds for reconstruction, infrastructure, transport, housing, courts and administrative services. But even a short visit revealed acute problems, including dirty streets, dilapidated buildings, inadequate utilities, hectic construction, lack of planning and poorly organised public transport".

Deportation of the Kumyk population and expansion of Makhachkala
On April 12, 1944, a decision was made to resettle the inhabitants of Kumyk villages of Tarki, Kyakhulay and Alburikent, which owned the surrounding areas, to the settlements of the deported Chechens. Most of the released land was distributed to the Makhachkala city council (6243 out of 8166 hectares), in addition to the collective farms of the mountainous regions and industrial enterprises of Makhachkala.

After the return of the Kumyk population in 1957, the lands of the collective farms were not restored, personal property was also lost, many houses were occupied by people resettled from mountainous areas. The historical monuments of the ancient city were destroyed and used as construction materials for the infrastructure of Makhachkala.

21st century
Protests and violent police clashes occurred in Makhachkala, as was the case in other Russian cities, in response to the 2022 Russian mobilization, as well as a call-up of 110 men from the village of Endirey to be conscripted into the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. According to the BBC, 301 Dagestani soldiers had died in Ukraine as of September 2022. This was ten times greater than the corresponding figure in Moscow region, which has a population five times larger than Dagestan.

On 14 August 2023, a fire at a gas station in Makhachkala led to a series of explosions, causing at least 25 deaths and 66 injuries.

On the evening of 29 October 2023, antisemitic riots occurred at the Makhachkala airport causing 500 police officers of the Russian federal police (MVD) to take control of it and forcing its temporary closure until the morning of 30 October 2023. On October 28 and 29, Morning of Dagestan, also transliterated as Utro Dagestana () began publishing false reports its Telegram channel about "refugees from Israel" who were allegedly fleeing from the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and arriving in the North Caucasus. Later, this grew into calls for a pogrom. Sergei Melikov, who is the governor of Dagestan, stated that Morning of Dagestan participated in the riots and falsely accused persons in Ukraine, which he called Banderovites also transliterated as Bandеrovetsy (), and Ilya Ponomarev, who denied any connection to Morning of Dagestan on his facebook page, as the instigator of the pogrom. Both Maria Zakharova, who is the Director of the Information and Press Department at the Russian foreign ministry, and Dmitry Peskov, who is Vladimir Putin's personal press secretary, supported Sergey Melikov's false accusations of participation from Ukrainian provacateurs for the cause of the pogrom.

Economy
The most important industrial sector is the oil refineries, as well as mechanical engineering and textile factories. Numerous administrative and educational institutions are based in the city, including a regional research centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences with around 20 research departments. The city is also the media centre of the region. Numerous newspapers are published in Makhachkala, including Dagestanskaya Pravda and the Islamic As-Salam. In addition, several regional television stations are based in the city.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight urban-type settlements and six rural localities, incorporated as the City of Makhachkala—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the City of Makhachkala is incorporated as Makhachkala Urban Okrug.

City divisions

For the purposes of administration, the city is divided into three city districts, from west to east: Kirovsky, Sovetsky and Leninsky. In May 2015, these three city districts were granted municipal status.

Symbols
The coat of arms and flag of Makhachkala were adopted on 15 December 2006. The coat of arms shows the city's historic fortress in silver on a red field, with flames coming from either tower and a solar symbol above. It is supported by a golden eagle on each side, a crown on top, and crossed anchors (representing its maritime history) entangled with grapevines at the bottom.

In proportions of 2:3, the flag displays the main shield of the city's coat of arms.

Unrest
Makhachkala is close to areas of fighting and therefore it and the surrounding region has a heavy security service presence. On 25 November 2011, a protest took place in Makhachkala attended by up to 3,000 people demanding an end to illegal activities perpetrated by the security services.

On December 15, 2011, Gadzhimurat Kamalov, a Russian investigative journalist and founder of the independent Chernovik newspaper was shot dead in an apparent assassination.

Demographics

The population of Makhachkala includes (2021 Census data):
Avar nations (25.6%)
Kumyks (18.9%)
Dargin nations (15.5%)
Lezgins (13.9%)
Laks (11.8%)
Russians (5.9%)
Tabasarans (2.3%)
Rutuls (1.2%)
Nogais (1.0%)
Aghuls (1.0%)

Transportation

The city is served by Uytash Airport, a regional airport providing connections to other Russian cities. Russian Railways via the North Caucasus Railway provides freight and passenger traffic to and from Makhachkala.

The Caspian Sea International Port handles crude oil, petroleum, construction materials, grain, cargo and timber and operates 24 hours a day. The port offers communications with the rest of Russia, as well as with Belarus, Ukraine, the Baltic states, Iran, Turkey and Central Asia. A railyard at the port connects the port to the North Caucasus Railway network.

Sports

The city's main football team, FC Dynamo Makhachkala, currently plays in the second division Russian First League. They play in the 15,200 Dynamo Stadium.

FC Anzhi Makhachkala, the city's former top team, played at Dynamo Stadium before moving to Anzhi Arena. Anzhi were purchased by Dagestani commodities billionaire Suleyman Kerimov in 2011, whose investments allowed the club to sign players such as Brazilian World Cup winner Roberto Carlos and Cameroonian striker Samuel Eto'o who, during his time at the club, became the world's highest paid player. The club lived its golden era, finished in the Top 5 for two consecutive seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13) and qualified for the UEFA Europa League, reaching the round of 16 on both occasions. However, after 2013, due to unrest in the region, the players moved to live and train in Moscow, while the local matches in Makhachkala were guarded by armed patrols. This situation, followed by severe budget cuts, made the club lost most of its key players and went on to finish bottom of the table in the 2013–14 Season, later folding in 2022 after having fallen to the third division.

Climate
Makhachkala has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk) with warm, relatively dry summers and, cool relatively moist winters. The strong rain shadow of the Caucasus and the ability of the Siberian High to freely move westwards from its source in the Tibetan and Mongolian plateaus makes the climate quite dry, although frequently overcast throughout the winter, which is owing to the relatively low latitude and nearness to the Caspian Sea very mild by Russian standards. Summers are sunnier but also dry as the region is exposed to steep descending vertical velocity from the Indian monsoon, and the greatest rainfall occurs in the autumn season from September to November. October 1987 with  has been the wettest month, whilst no precipitation occurred in February 1958, October 1974 and April 1986.

The coldest month since records began in 1882 has been February 1929 with a mean monthly temperature of , whilst the hottest have been July 2010 and August 2014 with means of  each, although 9 August 2017 is the hottest day, reaching . The coldest night was on February 9, 2012, when the mercury fell to , beating the previous record of  from December 28, 1888.

Economy and culture

Lighthouse
 Makhachkala Lighthouse is an operating lighthouse. Landmark of the city.

Notable people
Shamil Zavurov, Eagle sports president and former MMA lightweights champion
Ruslan Agalarov, former association football player
Malik Akhmedilov, editor
Kamalutdin Akhmedov, association football player
Eduard Akuvaev, artist
Gasret Aliev, Soviet hero
Ali Aliyev, amateur boxer
Abdulla Alishayev, TV host
Hizgil Avshalumov, Soviet novelist, poet and playwright
Mishi Bakhshiev, writer and poet
Ali Gadzhibekov, association football player
Shamil Gitinov, wrestler
Ali Isayev, wrestler
Gadzhimurat Kamalov, editor
Rustam Khabilov, mixed martial artist
Kuramagomed Kuramagomedov, wrestler
Shamil Lakhiyalov, association football player
Gadzhimurad Nurmagomedov, Olympic Armenian wrestler
Hasbulla Magomedov, internet personality
Jamaladdin Magomedov, Azeri wrestler
Khadzhimurad Magomedov, Olympic Azeri wrestler
Rashid Magomedov, mixed martial artist
Islam Makhachev, mixed martial artist, current UFC Lightweight Champion
Aleksandr Maslov, former association football player
Magomed Musaev, Olympic Kyrgyz wrestler
Sharif Mukhammad, Afghan football player
Marid Mutalimov, Olympic Kazakh wrestler
Vladimir Nazlymov, sabre fencer and coach
Khabib Nurmagomedov, mixed martial artist, former UFC Lightweight Champion
Eduard Puterbrot, artist
Muslim Salikhov, kickboxer
Serder Serderov, association football player
Sharif Sharifov, Olympic Azeri wrestler
Ruslan Sheikhau, Belarusian wrestler
Ilyas Shurpayev, television journalist
Nikita Timoshin, association football player
Anatoly Yagudaev, sculptor. He held an honorary title of People's Artist of the Russian Federation
Zalimkhan Yusupov, Olympic Tajik wrestler

Twin towns – sister cities

Makhachkala is twinned with:

 Biskra, Algeria
 Hatten, Germany
 Ndola, Zambia
 Oldenburg, Germany
 Sfax, Tunisia
 Siping, China
 Yalova, Turkey
 Spokane, USA

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

Makhachkala organizes charity iftars
Badkhen, Anna. "Everyone in Makhachkala Packs a Gun." The Moscow Times. May 31, 2001.

Populated places established in 1844
1844 establishments in Europe
1844 establishments in the Russian Empire
Populated coastal places in Russia
Populated places on the Caspian Sea
Port cities and towns in Russia
Port cities in Europe
Port cities and towns of the Caspian Sea

Makhachkala


أحمد رجب شلتوت (17 أبريل 1962) هو كاتب وروائي مصري ينتمى لمدينة أبو النمرس بمحافظة الجيزة، حاصل على بكالوريوس تجارة من جامعة القاهرة. حصل شلتوت على جوائز أدبية عدة منها جائزة ساقية الصاوي للقصة القصيرة جدا في 2010 وجائزة إحسان عبد القدوس في 2008 عن رواية «حالة شجن»، وفاز مرات عديدة في مسابقات الثقافة الجماهيرية ووزارة الشباب في القصة القصيرة والرواية والمسرحية. أصدر شلتوت العديد من المجموعات القصصية مثل «دم العصفور»، «ساعة قبل النوم» و«فاتحة لصاحب المقام»، بالإضافة إلى أعماله الروائية وفي قصص الأطفال.

مسيرته
أصدر شلتوت عدة مجموعات قصصية منها العائد إلى فرحانة 1996 والسعار والشذى 1998 ودم العصفور 2002 وساعة قبل النوم 2009. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أصدر شلتوت رواية حالة شجن وهي الرواية الفائزة بجائزة إحسان عبد القدوس لعام 2008، وكذلك لديه قصص للأطفال بعنوان العش للعصافير.

استغل أحمد رجب شلتوت جائحة كورونا والتباعد الاجتماعي الذي فرضته في الكتابة، وأصدر كتاب «العزلة ليست هي الوحدة»، والذي شارك به في معرض القاهرة الدولي للكتاب. عن رأيه في الوباء قال: «يمثل وباء كورونا الديستوبيا في أنصع تجلياتها، ففجأة وجدت البشرية نفسها في كابوس، طوفان عارم يجرفها باتجاه نهاية تبدو كأنها حتمية، ولا نجاة منه إلا بإحكام العزلة، ويا لها من مفارقة، يمسك الفيروس بتلابيب البشر كلهم في شمال العالم وجنوبه، في شرقه وغربه، يجمعهم في قبضته، وفي نفس الوقت يجبرهم على العزلة، يُلزمهم بأن يحيا كل منهم بمفرده، من دون أن يكون وحيداً، فالعزلة - حتى إن لم تكن خياراً شخصياً - لا تعني الوحدة، إذ الوحدة شعور مؤلم، يعني افتقاد (الونس)، والحاجة إلى شريك، وأنك مقطوع عن الآخرين، أو رافض لهم أو مشغول عنهم، فالوحدة كما يقول أستاذ التاريخ الاجتماعي ديفيد فنسنت في دراسته عن تاريخ العزلة، هي عزلة فاشلة».

أسلوبه
وفقًًا لعبد الكريم الحجراوي، لا تختلف مجموعة شلتوت «فاتحة لصاحب المقام» في منحاها الإبداعي عن النزعة الرومانسية، حيث «الرؤية المأساوية للعالم، الاهتمام بالطبيعة والاحتفاء بالليل والطيور المحلِّقة والخيول الجامحة كدلالة على نشدان الحرية، إضافة إلى الجنوح بالخيال بقصص ذات طابع صوفي، بخاصة في القسم الثاني من الكتاب المعنون بـ«رؤى»». ويرى أن من خصائص النزعة الرومانسية البارزة في المجموعة عدم الانشغال بالقضايا المجتمعية ككل ولكن بانعكاس هذه القضايا والمشكلات على الأفراد ووصف مشاعر الحزن والألم. يلاحظ الحجراوي أيضًا اتسام مجموعة أحمد رجب شلتوت بتقسيم كل قصة قصيرة إلى مشاهد منفصلة عدة، «ككاميرا سينمائية تتنقل من مشهد إلى آخر لترسم في النهاية لوحة متشابكة توضح صورة المجتمع المصري ككل» على حد تعبيره.

آراء
يختلف شلتوت مع الرأي القائل إن انحسار ربيع الرواية العربية قادم، ويرى أن الكتابة الروائية العربية تشهد مؤخرًا تحولات في اللغة والخيال والموضوعات والأشكال والرؤى والمواقف، وأنها أصبحت أكثر أشكال التعبير قدرة على تصوير تشظي الذات والمجتمع العربيين، ولاحظ تأثرها الكبير بما مر به المجتمع العربي من منعطفات في العقود الثلاثة الكبيرة.

الأعمال

مجموعات قصصية

 "العائد إلى فرحانة 1996
 «السعار والشذى» 1998
 «دم العصفور» 2002
 «ساعة قبل النوم» 2009
 «رشفات من النهر»، وكالة الصحافة العربية 2019
 «فاتحة لصاحب المقام»، الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب.

روايات

 «حالة شجن».

أعمال أخرى

 العزلة ليست هي الوحدة، دار وكالة الصحافة العربية – ناشرون، 2021.
 ربيع البنفسج: «قراءة في روايات عربية»، وكالة الصحافة العربية، 2020.
 فن البحث عن الإنسان «قراءات في الرواية»، وكالة الصحافة العربية، 2019.

الجوائز

 جائزة جريدة الشعب المركز الأول في القصة سنة 1989
 جائزة نادي القصة المركز الأول سنة 1997
 جائزة إحسان عبد القدوس سنة 2008
 جائزة جمعية الأدباء سنة 2007
 جائزة ساقية الصاوى للقصة القصيرة جدًا في 2010

وصلات خارجية

 مقالاته على موقع ميدل إيست أونلاين
 مقالاته في مجلة الكلمة
 مقالاته في جريدة القدس العربي
 مقال له في اليوم الثامن

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
خريجو جامعة القاهرة
روائيون مصريون
كتاب أدب أطفال مصريون
مواليد 1381 هـ
مواليد 1962
كتاب مصريون في القرن 20
كتاب مصريون في القرن 21
كتاب قصة قصيرة مصريون
كتاب بالعربية في القرن 20
كتاب بالعربية في القرن 21

أحمد رجب شلتوت


Dragan Mrđa (født 23. januar 1984) er en serbisk fodboldspiller.

Serbiens fodboldlandshold

|-
|2008||2||0
|-
|2009||0||0
|-
|2010||7||2
|-
|2011||3||0
|-
|2012||0||0
|-
|2013||0||0
|-
|2014||2||0
|-
!Total||14||2
|}

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Serbien
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 2010

Dragan Mrđa


IDP  may refer to:

Organizations
 IDP Education, an educational organization based in Australia
 Independent Democratic Party (disambiguation)
 Interac Direct Payment, Canada's national debit card service
 International Dunhuang Project
 Intern Development Program, a training program for interns in the architecture profession
 Iowa Democratic Party, affiliate of United States Democratic Party in Iowa
 Islamic Dawa Party (Iraq)
 Islamic Democratic Party (Maldives)
 Islamic Democratic Party (Rwanda)
 Democratic and Progressive Italy, an electoral alliance in Italy

Technology
 Identity provider (IdP), the source for validating user identity in a federated identity system
 Initial Detection Point (telephony)
 Internal DisplayPort (iDP)
 Intelligent Document Processing
 International Dialing Prefix
 Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems
 Internet Datagram Protocol, a network layer protocol used in Xerox Network Systems

Other uses
 Independence (Amtrak station) code for Independence, Missouri, United States
 Individual defensive players, a fantasy football format
 Individual development plan, a human resources term
 Internally displaced person
 Intrinsically disordered proteins
 International Driving Permit

See also
 IPD (disambiguation)

IDP


محمود علي الخلف سياسي وكاتب سوري. ولد في عام 1958 في قرية ابلين - جبل الزاوية - محافظة ادلب في الجمهورية العربية السورية.

أتم دراسته الابتدائية في قريته ابلين والاعدادية والثانوية في بلدة احيم ودراسته الجامعية في جامعة حلب كلية الزراعة، حيث حصل على شهادته الجامعية في العلوم الزراعية عام 1981. بعد تخرجه مباشرة من الجامعة غادر وطنه سوريا لا اراديا إلى الأردن حيث اقام فيه حتى عام 1993. خلال حياته في الأردن عمل في الجهاز السياسي لجماعة الاخوان المسلمين السوريين، لاكثر من عامين.

من تجربته السياسية العملية تشكلت عنده بذور فكر وسطي إصلاحي، دعا إليها وعمل لها في محيطه الإخواني السوري في الأردن، فكانت النواة الأولى والمبكرة لحزب الوسط لذي أسسه لاحقا في 9 مارس عام 2009. غادر الأردن إلى هولندا بمفرده تاركا خلفه زوجته وثمانية أطفال وذلك في حزيران 1993, حيث عاش بعيدا عن اسرته سنتان وثمان أشهر، خلالها فقد أحد ابنائه - عبد الله -وذلك أثناء رحلة كشفية اخوانية سورية، من الأردن إلى العراق، حيث توفي ولده عبد الله غرقا في نهر الفرات، في مدينة هيت غرب العراق، مع شاب سوري اخر، يدعى محمد من قرية كفروما، أيضا تابعة لمحافظة ادلب.

التحقت به اسرته إلى هولندا في أوائل عام 1996 واستقرت العائلة في هولندا حتى عام 1999. انتقل باسرته من هولندا إلى المملكة المتحدة لندن عام 1999 وما زال يقيم فيها مع أسرته. أسس السيد محمود علي الخلف حزب الوسط السوري في 09-03-2009، وخصص له موقعا على الإنترنت باسم وفيه صفحة متجددة باسم بيانات ومواقف يخطها بقلمه.

يعمل حزب الوسط جاهدا لترسيخ الوسطية في الرؤى والاعتدال في المنهج في المجتمع السوري، وقد تقدم السيد محمود علي الخلف بطلب ترخيص حزب الوسط، إلى السلطات السورية المختصة، عبر السفارة السورية في لندن في 09-09-2009 , آملا الموافقة على ترخيصه وتسجيله باسم حزب الوسط كان دلك في اواخر عام 2009 أي قبل الثورة السورية بأكثر من عام.

ناشد السلطة السورية لاجراء إصلاح سياسي مند بداية تأسيسه لحزب الوسط، ودلك عبر مقالاته التي كان يضعها في موقع حزب الوسط، ويرسلها إلى السلطات السورية ومنابرها الإعلامية، ولم يدع فرصه الا حاول استغلالها في سبيل اقناع السلطة كي تجري إصلاح سياسي تجنب به الشعب السوري احن وفتن هو بغنى عنها، ودلك عبر صفحة الحزب في الموقع باسم بيانات ومواقف، فكان من خلال عمله الدؤوب من مناشدة ورجاء وحتى التوسل، كان حجه على السلطة انها سلطة ماضية في طريقها القمعي والمتسلط على رقاب الشعب السوري ولا ترغب في إجراء أي إصلاح سياسي ولا سواه، إلى ان اريقت أول نقطة دم من أبناء الشعب السوري في درعا فيي 18-03-2011، حينها اصدر بيان صادر عن حزب الوسط، أعلن فيه انه لا يمكن ان يقف حزب الوسط مع قاتل لشعبه، فحزب الوسط من الشعب وإلى الشعب، حيث ناشد جميع أبناء شعبه السوري على الاستمرار في التظاهر السلمي حتى تتحقق له مطالبه من حرية وتحرر واسترداد العزة والكرامة ومن ثم تعددية سياسية وديمقراطيه حقيقيه، ومع استمرار نهج السلطة الدموي تجاه شعبها السوري الاعزل قتلا وتدميرا وتنكيلا، رفع السيد محمود علي الخلف سقف خطابه في حزب الوسط إلى المناداة لإسقاط السلطة السورية الباغيه، ودلك عبر بيانات حزب الوسط وعبر مشاركاته على الفضائيات في توضيح ما يجري في سوريا وعبر أشعاره الوطنية بخصوص الثورة محفزا الاخوة الثوار على المضي قدما لنيل الحقوق كاملة.

نتاجه الأدبي
له دواوين عديدة منها:
 أحاسيس ومشاعر في الغربة 1993-1994-1995
 ولدي عبد الله في الذاكرة
 انا لست ارهابي
 اين نحن من بني البشر؟
 ابتهالات
 هذه هويتي
 وطنيات
 في الغزل له أكثر من ديوان

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
خريجو جامعة حلب
سياسيون سوريون
شعراء سوريون في القرن 20
مهاجرون سوريون إلى المملكة المتحدة
مواليد 1958

محمود علي الخلف


Kramatorsk (úkraínska: Краматорськ) er borg í norðurhluta Donetska Oblast í austur-Úkraínu. Íbúar voru um 150.000 árið 2021.
Borgin liggur við þverá Donetsfljóts, Kazennyi Torets. Iðnaður og vélaframleiðsla eru mikilvægar greinar þar.

Árið 2014 í apríl náðu rússneskumælandi aðskilnaðarsinnar yfirráðum yfir borginni. Úkraínski herinn hóf gagnsókn og náði borginni í júlí sama ár.

Í innrás Rússa í Úkraínu 2022 gerðu Rússar árásir á borgina og meðal annars á lestarstöð þar sm nálægt 60 létu lífið.

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قتال الطيف   هي سلسلة أنمي ومانغا كتبت من طرف ماساتوشي كاواهارا تنشر في مجلة مجلة شونن جمب الشهرية من أبريل 1987 إلى سبتمبر 1996 وتم إنتاجها كأنمي في من طرف ستوديو كوميت في 6 أبريل 2004. تمت دبلجة الأنمي من قبل مركز الزهرة وعرض على قناة على قناة سبيس باور ولاحقا على قناة سبيستون

القصة
تحكي أسطورة الأنمي عن زمن شاعت فيه الحروب, وظهر فيه مجموعة من الرجال الذين يقاتلون بدون أسلحة (سيوف أو غيرها) بل اعتمادا على المهارة القتالية الجسدية فقط وهم عائلة موتسو المشهورة بفنون قتال الطيف أو القتال بدون سلاح.

تأخذ القصة سيرة ثلاث أفراد من العائلة في عصور مختلفة وتحكي عن حبهم للخير وإنجازاتهم في الحروب ومساعدتهم للضعفاء.

فريق العمل

الممثلون
 زياد الرفاعي
 همسة الحايك
 سعد لوستان
 محمد خرماشو
 عادل أبو حسون
 منصور السلطي
 محمد خير أبو حسون
 كامل نجمة
 منصور أحمد مقدار
 مأمون الفرخ
 هزار الحرك
 رأفت بازو
 فاتن عيدو
 أميرة حذيفي
 يوسف المقبل
 نضال حمادي
 فداء المهندسو
 فاطمة سعد
 مروان فرحات
 مأمون الرفاعي
 يحيى الكفري
 قاسم ملحو
 أيمن السالك
 مجد ظاظا
 محمد مصطفى - الراوي

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 قتال الطيف على شبكة أخبار الأنمي

أعمال مركز الزهرة
سلسلات مانغا
شونن مانغا
عروض تلفزيون طوكيو
مانغا 1987
مانغا 1989
مانغا 1996
مانغا 2010
مجلات مصورة من كودانشا
مسلسلات أنمي متلفزة بدأ عرضها في 2004
مسلسلات أنمي مدبلجة للعربية

قتال الطيف


Sfântul și Dreptul Simion, cunoscut și sub numele de Simeon Bătrânul sau Simeon cel Bătrân, a fost un evreu, "un om drept și cu frica lui Dumnezeu", care apare în Noul Testament din Biblie în câteva versete din Evanghelia după Luca ().

Povestea din evanghelie
Evanghelia după Luca relatează că atunci când Iisus a fost adus la Templu, părinții lui, Iosif și Maria l-au întâlnit pe Simeon.
Potrivit evangheliei, Simeon era un bătrân căruia Duhul Sfânt i-a prezis că el îl va vedea pe Mesia. Simeon l-a luat în brațe pe pruncul Iisus și a dat slavă lui Dumnezeu, cu rugăciuni adânci precum . Cuvintele rostite de  Simeon cu acest prilej sunt numite în ortodoxie "Cântarea lui Simeon":

De asemenea, el i-a profețit Mariei participarea ei cu multă suferință în evenimentele dureroase din viața fiului său, Isus.

Tradiția ortodoxă
Potrivit tradiției Bisericii ortodoxe, Simeon a fost unul dintre cei 70 de traducători din Septuaginta a textului de referință pentru Biserică. Tradiția spune că a ezitat în traducerea pasajului din Cartea Isaia, vrând să șteargă cuvântul "fecioara" și să-l înlocuiască cu "tânăra":

și atunci un înger i-a apărut, spunându-i că nu va muri până când nu-l va vedea pe Mesia născut din fecioară.

Dacă această tradiție este adevărată, la nașterea lui Isus, Simeon ar fi avut aproape trei sute de ani.

Cult

Simeon a fost venerat ca un sfânt deja din primele secole ale creștinismului. Moaștele sfântului au fost transferate de bizantini la Constantinopol, dar venețienii, conduși de Enrico Dandolo au jefuit Biserica închinată sfântului. Moaștele au fost transferate în Veneția, în Biserica San Simeone Profetul.

Există, de asemenea, o altă credință după care  moaștele sfântului Simeon au fost aduse la Constantinopol în secolul al VI-lea și de acolo, în 1243 au fost aduse în Zadar. Orașul l-a ales pe Simeon ca patron. Este venerat ca un mijlocitor pentru binecuvântarea copiilor.

Festivități
Întâlnirea lui Simeon cu Sfânta Familie este pomenită pe 2 februarie, de sărbătoarea Întâmpinări Domnului, cunoscută și sub numele de Prezentarea lui Isus la Templu, Întâlnirea cu Domnul, sau Purificare a Fecioarei.

În  calendarul ecleziastic al sfinților, aceștia sunt de multe ori amintiți după anul de deces, și pentru acest motiv, sărbătoarea lui Simeon este 3 februarie, la o zi după întâlnirea lui cu Isus, ziua în care conform tradiției ar fi fost mort.

Simeon este venerat ca sfânt de către Biserica romano-catolică, Biserica creștină ortodoxă, Biserica Anglicană și Biserica Luterană. Bisericile ortodoxe care încă mai folosesc calendarul iulian, sărbătoresc Crăciunul pe 7 ianuarie și, în consecință, sărbătoarea Prezentării lui Isus în Templu, și apoi a Sfântului Simeon sunt întârziate.

Vezi și
 Isus
 Întâmpinarea Domnului

Note

Legături externe

Icoane și hagiografie pe website-ul Biserica Ortodoxă Americană.

Sfinți creștini din secolul I
Sfinți romano-catolici
Evrei din secolul I
Sfinți anglicani
Sfinți în Biserica Ortodoxă
Oameni din Noul Testament
Evanghelia după Luca
Sfinți din Țara Sfântă
3 februarie

Sfântul și Dreptul Simeon