Texas Southern University (Texas Southern or TSU) is a public historically black university in Houston, Texas. The university is one of the largest and most comprehensive historically black college or universities in the United States with nearly 8,000 students enrolled and over 100 academic programs. The university is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Texas Southern University is an important institution in Houston's Third Ward. Alvia Wardlaw of Cite: The Architecture + Design Review of Houston wrote that the university serves as "the cultural and community center of" the Third Ward area where it is located, in addition to being its university. The university also serves as a notable economic resource for Greater Houston, contributing over $500 million to the region's gross sales and being directly and indirectly responsible for over 3,000 jobs.

Texas Southern University intercollegiate sports teams, the Tigers, compete in NCAA Division I and the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).  Texas Southern is also home of the Ocean of Soul marching band.

History
On March 7, 1927, the Houston Independent School District board resolved to establish junior colleges for each race, as the state was racially segregated in all public facilities.  The resolution created Houston Junior College, which later became the University of Houston, and Houston Colored Junior College, which first held classes at Jack Yates High School during the evenings. The school's name was later changed to Houston College for Negroes in 1934.

In February 1946, Heman Marion Sweatt, an African American man, applied to the University of Texas School of Law. He was denied admission because of race, and subsequently filed suit in Sweatt v. Painter (1950). The state had no law school for African Americans. To avoid integrating the University of Texas Law School, the state of Texas made several offers to Heman Marion Sweatt to keep him from going to court. They offered to establish the Texas State University of Negroes which would include a law school. Some black leaders welcomed the idea of having another state supported university in Texas, while many others felt as though the university was created to solely avoid the integration of the University of Texas, as well as other white institutions. In the end, they did not grant Sweatt a writ of mandamus to attend the University of Texas. Instead the trial court granted a continuance for six months to allow the state time to create a law school for blacks.

As a result, the Fiftieth Texas Legislature passed Texas Senate Bill 140 on March 3, 1947, authorizing and funding the creation of Texas State University for Negroes as the first state university to be located in Houston. The school was established to serve African Americans in Texas and offer them fields of study comparable to those available to white Texans. The state took over the Houston Independent School District (HISD)-run Houston College for Negroes as a basis for the new university. Houston College moved to the present site (adjacent to the University of Houston), which was donated by Hugh Roy Cullen. It had one permanent building and an existing faculty and students. The new university was charged with teaching "pharmacy, dentistry, arts and sciences, journalism, education, literature, law, medicine and other professional courses." The legislature stipulated that "these courses shall be equivalent to those offered at other institutions of this type supported by the State of Texas."

Given the differences in facilities and intangibles, such as the distance of the new school from Austin, the University of Texas School of Law, and other law students, the United States Supreme Court ruled the new facility did not satisfy "separate but equal" provisions. It ruled that African Americans must also be admitted to the University of Texas Law School at Austin. See Sweatt v. Painter (1950).

In March 1960, Texas Southern University students organized Houston's first sit-in at the Weingarten's lunch counter located at 4110 Almeda. The success of their efforts inspired more sit-ins throughout the city, which, within months, led to the desegregation of many of Houston's public establishments. A historical marker commissioned by the Texas Historical Commission stands on the property of the first sit-in to commemorate the courageous acts of those TSU students.  That property is now a U.S. Post Office. TSU journalism professor Serbino Sandifer-Walker worked for nearly two years with the Texas Historical Commission, the original students who led the march, and many other stakeholders, to have the historic marker designated on March 4, 2010, the fiftieth anniversary of that sit-in.

On May 17, 1967, it was reported that students at TSU rioted on campus. When officers responded thousands of shots were fired and there were injuries on both sides including a death of a police officer. Nearly 500 students were arrested. Although media sources reported this as a riot, there were no reports of looting, destruction of property, or resistance of any arrest. Furthermore, the reports failed to mention the prior invasion of police officers on campus, or the reports of students getting roughed up on campus. The police raid caused over $10,000 of damage and it was reported over 3,000 shots were fired into the Lanier dormitory. There was little coverage that, the five students whom were charged with conspiracy and incitement of riot were all exonerated due to lack of evidence, or that the police officer died not from student fire, but the ricochet of Houston Police Department bullets.

A Democratic presidential debate took place on September 12, 2019, in TSU's Health and Physical Education Arena.

The university drew national attention in early 2020 when the Governor of Texas appointed board of trustees targeted the university's sitting president and changed its bylaws to give the board the power to remove anyone employed by the university. The board first suspended and then fired president Austin Lane, alleging that he failed to inform them about allegations of fraud committed by a former assistant dean at the Thurgood Marshall School of Law. Lane disputed the allegations. Just prior to removing Lane, the board also changed its bylaws to allow it to "approve the termination of any position" at the university, a change that drew condemnation from several university governance experts as inappropriate micromanagement. In February 2020, the board of trustees publicly agreed there was no wrongdoing on the part of Lane and paid him nearly $900,000 in the buyout of his contract. A new president was to be named in 2020. In February 2020, one month prior to the visit of a site visit team representing the university's regional accreditor, the board partially repealed the new bylaws that allowed them to fire any university employee.

Campus

The university has more than 45 buildings on a  urban gated campus centrally located in Houston. The campus is two miles southeast of Downtown Houston and five miles east of Uptown Houston.  TSU is recognized as a Tree Campus USA school for its commitment to preserving and increasing campus trees.

The school's first structure was the Thornton B. Fairchild Building, built 1947–1948 and housing administration and classroom space. Temporary buildings served as faculty housing during that time. The Mack H. Hannah hall, designed by Lamar Q. Cato and opened in 1950, was the second building. In the late 1950s many more buildings opened, including classroom, dormitory, and student union facilities.

Notable buildings

University Museum
Completed in 2000, the  exhibition space displays a variety of historical and contemporary art. The museum is the permanent home of the Web of Life, a twenty-six-foot mural by world-renowned artist John T. Biggers, founding chairman of the TSU art department.

Mack H. Hannah Hall
Multiple TSU student-created murals are present in Hannah Hall.

The building had two 1971 murals by Harvey Johnson, a longtime TSU art instructor, about African influences in U.S. culture and mothers: Mothers of "the Fathers and the Son" and Dere's a "Han Writin on de Wall". He was educated by the founder of the TSU art school, Dr. John T. Biggers. It, as part of the Black Power movement, was Johnson's senior project, as the university at the time allowed its students to create murals on campus property. African American Vernacular English (AAVE) was a feature of the titles.

In 2008 incoming TSU president John Rudley had the murals painted over with white paint, stating that they were not high quality enough. A spokesperson initially stated that the painting over was an error but Rudley later stated it was intentional. The director of the university museum, Alvia J. Wardlaw, who teaches art history, expressed disagreement with the decision. The Houston Chronicle criticized the removal in an editorial. Johnson himself expressed disappointment with the removal. Rudley later appropriated funds for possible restoration of memorials due to the negative reception.

Leonard H.O. Spearman Technology

In 2014, TSU unveiled a $31 million, 108,000-square-foot, four-story structure named after the school's fifth president.  In addition to having 35 labs, the facility is home to a Tier 1 University Transportation Center, the Center for Transportation Training and Research, and the National Science Foundation Center for Research on Complex Networks. The departments of Engineering, Transportation Studies, Computer Science, Industrial Technology, Physics, and Aviation Science and Technology academic programs are housed in the building. TSU is the only four-year state supported university in Texas to offer a Pilot Ground School course and the first HBCU to implement a Maritime Transportation degree program.

Jesse H. Jones School of Business
Jesse H. Jones (JHJ) School of Business is located in a three-story, 76,000-square-foot building completed in 1998 and accommodates 1,600 students in undergraduate and graduate studies. The Jesse H. Jones School of Business is the first business school at a HBCU to be accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and been named one of the "Best Business Schools" by the Princeton Review. JHJ School of Business is consistently one of the highest ranked business schools from a public HBCU in the U.S. News & World Report rankings.

College of Education
The College of Education building consists of the Department of Counseling, the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, the Department of Educational Administration & Foundations, and the Department of Health and Kinesiology. The college has an enrollment of approximately 1,000 in undergraduate and graduate studies. In 2014, the National Council on Teacher Quality ranked TSU's College of Education 56th in the nation for best secondary education programs and gave the college a "top-ranked" distinction.

Barbara Jordan–Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs
An extensive set of curricular offerings is provided through the Barbara Jordan–Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs, which offers courses in Administration of Justice (AJ), Political Science (POLS), Public Affairs (PA), Military Science (MSCI), and Urban Planning & Environmental Policy (UPEP) on the undergraduate, graduate, or doctoral level.  The school sits in an 82,000-square-foot facility completed in 2008.

TSU Justice Center
On January 22, 2018, the university published a new establishment Center for Justice Research (CJR) in the Barbara Jordan–Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs. The center is intended to create innovative solutions to criminal justice alteration and address challenges in America's criminal justice system. The award is granted by Charles Koch Foundation and Koch Industries.

TSU Science Center

The TSU Science Center building is home to several scholastic programs, such as the Houston Louis Stokes Alliance Minority Program (H-LSAMP). It also houses several research programs, such as the NASA University Research Center for Bio-Nanotechnology and Environmental Research (NASA URC C-BER), Maritime Transportation Studies and Research, as well as the STEM research program. TSU's NASA University Research Center (C-BER) addresses human health concerns related to crewed exploration of space. Programs such as TSU's NASA University Research Center (C-BER) and participation in The Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Preparation Program (LSAMP) support undergraduate, graduate and faculty development while helping to increase the number of US citizens receiving degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields.  The science center also houses the only doctoral degree program in environmental toxicology in Southeast Texas.

Spurgeon N. Gray Hall (COPHS)
The College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (COPHS) is housed in the Spurgeon N. Gray Hall.  COPHS has approximately 800 students.  The 2016 pharmacy graduates had a 90% first-attempt pass rate on the NAPLEX which was above the national average (85%), third highest in Texas, and highest among HBCUs. TSU is one of only two public HBCUs in the United States with an accredited and comprehensive pharmacy program. COPHS is the first and only in Houston to offer a Master of Science in Health Care Administration degree.

Thurgood Marshall School of Law
The Thurgood Marshall School of Law (TMSL) is one of six public law schools in Texas and ranks as one of the most diverse law schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report.  TMSL is accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA) and a member-school of The Association of American Law Schools (AALS).  Enrollment is at approximately 600 students.

The Texas College for Negroes was initially housed in Austin, Texas, but was eventually transferred to Texas Southern University's campus. The creation of the Law School did not have the support of Thurgood Marshall or the NAACP.  However, in 1976 now U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, agreed to name formally the "Law School of Texas Southern University," the "Thurgood Marshall School of Law."

Transportation

Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (METRO) operates public transportation services, including buses and the METRORail tram service, which serve the university. The METRORail Purple Line station serving the university is Robertson Stadium/UH/TSU station.

In June 2019 Texas Southern University became home to the region's first Shared Autonomous Shuttle in conjunction with a partnership between METRO, TSU and the Houston-Galveston Area Council. The shuttle can carry up to 15 passengers and travels using a pre-programmed route, equipped with a sensor and intelligent vehicle system to detect obstacles and avoid collisions.

Academics

Texas Southern University offers over 100 bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Texas Southern is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a "doctoral university with higher research activity" comprising several schools and colleges along with several scholastic and research programs.

The Thomas F. Freeman Honors College (formerly the Frederick Douglass Honors Program)
The Barbara Jordan-Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs: Mickey Leland Center, Barbara Jordan Institute, Emergency Management Program, Center for Justice Research
The College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences: RCMI Institute for Biomedical and Health Disparities Research, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Human Performance and Material Science, Center of Excellence in Health Disparities Research: Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke
The Thurgood Marshall School of Law: Earl Carl Institute for Legal and Social Justice, Center for Legal Pedagogy, Institute for International and Immigration Law (IIIL), Center for Government
The College of Education: TSU Charter Laboratory School
The College of Science, Engineering, and Technology: National Transportation Security Center of Excellence for Petro-Chemical Transportation (NTSCOE-P), Center for Transportation Training and Research (CTTR), TSU NASA University Research Center for Bionanotechnology and Environmental Research (TSU NASA C-BER), Innovative Transportation Research Institute (ITRI), Houston National Summer Transportation Institute (HNSTI), Research Center in Minority Institution (RCMI) Computational Core: Advanced Computational Simulation Center, Research Center in Minority Institution (RCMI) Computational Core: Data Analysis and Visualization Center, NASA C-BER Fellows Program, NASA C-BER Scholars Program, Houston Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (H-LSAMP) Program, Science & Engineering Summer Program, Science Technology and Enhancement Program (STEP), Maritime Transportation Management and Security Program, Beyond Traffic Innovation Center and Aviation Science Management which is fully accredited by the Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering (ATMAE), Federal Aviation Administration Part 141approved ground school certificate
The Jesse H. Jones School of Business (AACSB accredited): Economic Development Center, Gerald B. Smith Center for Entrepreneurship and Executive Development, JPMorgan Chase Center for Financial Education, Kase Lawal Center for Global Trade
The School of Communication: The Center for the Radio, Television and Print Media Professional Studies
 The College of Liberal Arts and Behavioral Sciences (COLAB): The Thomas F. Freeman Center for Forensic Excellence, The Confucius Institute (education partnership with China)
The College of Transdisciplinary Studies
The Graduate School
The Weekend College: Attorney Ricky Anderson Entertainment Law Institute, Mathew Knowles Institute

Libraries

Texas Southern University's main library is the Library Learning Center. The Library Learning Center is home to the Thomas F. Freeman Honors College, computer labs, study rooms, tutorial services, an African Art Gallery, The Heartman Collection, and many types of valuable archives.

The Thurgood Marshall School of Law building also houses an extensive library.

Demographics

As of fall 2022, approximately 83% of the student body are Texas residents.  The top three feeder states are California (259), Louisiana (209), Georgia (93). The top three countries of origin (outside the U.S.) are Nigeria (58), The Bahamas (36), and Saudi Arabia (15). 64% of the student body identify as female, 36% identify as male.

Student life

Some of TSU's over 80 student organizations include the TSU Royal Court, TSU Cheerleaders, Debate Team, Psi Chi Honor Society, all nine organizations of the National Pan-Hellenic Council, Students in Free Enterprise, Student Business Leadership Organization (SBLO), Living Testimony Gospel Ministry, TSU Dance Company, HER TSU, Women of GOLD, CSL (Caribbean Student Organization), Boys to Men, Campus PALS, Collegiate 100, Hispanic Student Association (HSA), African Student Association (ASA), California Club, Midwest Club, Louisiana Club, Political Science Club, National Society of Black Engineers, Pre-Law Society, Pre-Alumni Association, University Program Council (UPC), and Student Government Association (SGA).

Debate team
The Texas Southern debate team was founded by professor and coach Thomas Freeman in 1949. Freeman led the team for more than 60 years as the team rose to national prominence, according to his obituary in the New York Times. He is credited for training notable leaders such as former U.S. Congresswoman Barbara Jordan, and civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. while serving as a visiting professor at Morehouse College. He retired in 2017 and died on June 6, 2020.

Ocean of Soul

Texas Southern's marching band the Ocean of Soul has won numerous awards and performed at Super Bowls, The Stellar Awards, various parades, NBA and Houston Texans games. The 200-plus-member band alumni include Grammy award-winning jazz saxophonist Kirk Whalum. The Ocean of Soul is complemented by The Motion of The Ocean, a female danceline that has been featured on America's Best Dance Crew.

Athletics

Texas Southern sports teams participate in NCAA Division I (Championship Subdivision for football) in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). Texas Southern is part of the Western Division in SWAC divisional sports.

Men's varsity sports include baseball, basketball, football, golf, and track and field. Women's varsity sports include basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, dance (TSU Tiger Sensations), Cheer, track and field, and volleyball.

Texas Southern's most well-known rival is Prairie View A&M.

Athletic facilities
 Shell Energy Stadium – The $95 million 22,000-seat stadium in nearby East Downtown is the permanent home of Tiger Football.
 Health and Physical Education Arena (H&PE Arena) – An 8,100-seat multi-purpose arena (largest arena in the SWAC). Built in 1989, it is home to the annual graduation ceremonies, Tiger basketball, Lady Tiger basketball and volleyball.
 Alexander Durley Stadium – The 5,500-seat stadium is the home of TSU soccer games and the annual TSU Relays.
 TSU Recreation and Wellness Center – Opened in 2005, the TSU Recreation and Wellness Center has served the students of TSU and the Third Ward community. The facility is open to all TSU students, community members and alumni. Serving approximately 5,000 students yearly and community members, amenities included are a full basketball court, indoor track, weight room, dance studio, study/lounge area, swimming pool, and a women's resource center.

Tiger and Lady Tiger basketball

Tiger football

Tiger baseball

The Texas Southern Baseball team competes in the SWAC and plays home games at MacGregor Park. The Tigers were back-to-back conference champions in 2017 and 2018. The Tigers also won the SWAC baseball tournament in 2004, 2008, and 2015. Michael Robertson was hired as head coach in 2009.

Tiger Volleyball
Texas Southern Volleyball competes at the HP&E Arena. Texas Southern University Volleyball won their first SWAC ring in 1989 against Southern University (3–0). Then in 1990 they returned with another ring against Prairie View (3–0). The last SWAC championship Lady Tiger Volleyball received was in 1994 against Prairie View (3–0).

Tiger Softball
Texas Southern Softball team competes at Memorial Park in Houston. The Lady Tigers softball team won their first and second SWAC conference championship back to back years in 2014 and 2015. The Lady Tigers then went on to win their third SWAC championship in 2017. The Lady Tigers have also won the western division championship of the conference nine consecutive years. The Lady Tigers are coached by Worley Barker and assisted by Jasmin Hutchinson

KTSU 90.9 FM

In addition to serving as a training unit for TSU students, the station was established to serve the university at the program level as well as Greater Houston by presenting various types of TSU athletic, educational, cultural and social programs to a primarily listening area within a  radius of the university. A 1973 survey indicated that radio was generally the preferred source of information of African-Americans, particularly those with less than a high school education. By the late 1970s, the station had secured an ample audience and programming increased in scope. At the same time, the station increased its power range from 10 watts to 18,500 watts. According to the Arbitron Rating Service (ARS), KTSU has an audience of 244,700 listeners and is number one overall of Houston and Galveston stations for its Sunday format and its Friday format of Golden Oldies.

Notable alumni

Notable faculty

See also
Black mecca
Third Ward
Emancipation Park (Houston)
History of African Americans in Texas
History of the African Americans in Houston
Riverside Terrace

Notes

References

Sources
TSU Introduces New Center for Justice Research. Web, 22 Jan. 2018.

External links

 Texas Southern Athletics website

Historically black universities and colleges in Texas
Universities and colleges in Houston
African-American history in Houston
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Universities and colleges established in 1947
1947 establishments in Texas
Third Ward, Houston
Public universities and colleges in Texas
Aviation schools in the United States

Texas Southern University


أفراتي (Αφράτι) هي مستوطنة في الأراضي المنخفضة للوحدة الإقليمية إيفيا على ارتفاع 40 مترًا.

الجغرافيا والتاريخ

تقع أفراتي في وسط إيفياعلى مسافة 6.5 كم من خالكيذا. بنيت في سهل ليلانتيا شرق نهر ليلا وشمال شرق فيلا. ويرجع اسم القرية بحسب أحد الآراء إلى التربة «الرقيقة» الخصبة والناعمة في سهل ليلانديا الممتد على ضفتي نهر ليلا حتى خليج إيفيا. بحسب رأي آخر، من السيد أفراتيوس، الذي كان مالكًا للأرض المحيطة خلال الفترة البيزنطية. القديس الراعي هو أجيوس حارالامبوس وكنيسته عبارة عن بازيليكا ذات ممر واحد تم بناؤها عام 1857 بواسطة الحرفي فرانجيسكوس ليريتيس من جزيرة تينوس، الذي شارك في إعادة بناء كنيسة البشارة في تينوس (1823-1831).

يظهر اسم أفراتي في عام 1474 في سجل تركي مكتوب باللغة العربية والذي كان عبارة عن «نسخة مختصرة من سجل جزيرة يوريبوس، وهي دولة محتلة وجزء من الإمبراطورية، مكتوبة بخط يد الملا جعفر وقلم عبري خوجة كتب في 20 من شهر شوال لسنة 878 من الهجرة». وبحسب السجل، كان بها 33 منزلاً.

عثر خارج القرية، على تل أجيوس خارالامبوس، على آثار للسكن القديم (شفرات وقصاصات من العصر الحجري الحديث وقذائف ما قبل التاريخ). في جنوب القرية يوجد «الكهف الأسود» وبه نوازل سوداء يرجع لونها إلى أكسيد المغنيسيوم بينما يوجد على الضفة الشمالية والشمالية الغربية لنهر ليلا أطلال من نزل من العهد التركي يسمى «بانو هاني».

إداريا
ذُكرت القرية رسمياً عام 1835 بضمها إلى بلدية خالكيدا. وفي عام 1912، تم تحديد مقر كومونة أفراتي. وفقًا لبرنامج كاليكراتيس، فهي تشكل مع غيريماستا وليخريس كومونة أفراتي المحلي التي تنتمي إلى الوحدة البلدية ليلانتيا التابعة لبلدية خالكيدا، ووفقًا لتعداد 2011، بلغ عدد سكان الكومونة 1,416 نسمة، بينما بلغ عدد سكان المستوطنة 1,405 نسمة.

إحصاءات السكان

مراجع

مدن اليونان

أفراشن (إففويا)


Ball im Savoy heißen:
 Ball im Savoy (Operette), Operette von Paul Abraham

und deren Verfilmungen
 Ball im Savoy (1935), von Steve Sekely
 Ball im Savoy (1955), von Paul Martin

Ball im Savoy


Der Bohlberg ist eine Erhebung des Hils und ein Naturschutzgebiet in Niedersachsen im gemeindefreien Gebiet Grünenplan im Landkreis Holzminden.

Naturschutzgebiet
Das Naturschutzgebiet mit dem Kennzeichen NSG HA 198 ist 110 Hektar groß. Es steht seit dem 3. August 2000 unter Naturschutz. Zuständige untere Naturschutzbehörde ist der Landkreis Holzminden.

Das Naturschutzgebiet liegt südwestlich des Delligsener Ortsteils Kaierde auf Bohlberg und Hohesteinskopf an der Ostseite des zur Hilsmulde geneigten Hils-Rückens. Das Naturschutzgebiet wird von Hainsimsen-Buchenwald, auf sandigen Standorten kleinflächig auch von Traubeneichen-Buchenwald mit einem hohen Anteil an Alt- und Totholz geprägt. Daneben sind mit Fichten, Lärchen und Douglasien auch standortuntypische Nadelholzbestände zu finden, die in naturnahe Buchenwaldbestände umgewandelt werden sollen.

Das Waldgebiet verfügt über ein für das Gebiet charakteristisches, bewegtes Relief mit tiefen Kerbtälern, mäßig bis steil geneigten Hängen, Mulden, Rücken- und Plateaulagen bis hin zu schmalen Kämmen und Kuppen.

Weblinks

Naturschutzgebiet im Landkreis Holzminden
Waldschutzgebiet in Niedersachsen
Schutzgebiet (Umwelt- und Naturschutz) in Europa
Grünenplan (gemeindefreies Gebiet)

Bohlberg (Naturschutzgebiet)


New Haven é um lugar designado pelo censo localizado no condado de Huron no estado estadounidense de Ohio. No Censo de 2010 tinha uma população de 399 habitantes e uma densidade populacional de 124,34 pessoas por km².

Geografia
New Haven encontra-se localizado nas coordenadas . Segundo o Departamento do Censo dos Estados Unidos, New Haven tem uma superfície total de 3.21 km², da qual 3.2 km² correspondem a terra firme e (0.24%) 0.01 km² é água.

Demografia
Segundo o censo de 2010, tinha 399 pessoas residindo em New Haven. A densidade populacional era de 124,34 hab./km². Dos 399 habitantes, New Haven estava composto pelo 93.23% brancos, 0.5% eram afroamericanos, 0% eram amerindios, 0.25% eram asiáticos, 0% eram insulares do Pacífico, 4.26% eram de outras raças e o 1.75% pertenciam a duas ou mais raças. Do total da população 5.76% eram hispanos ou latinos de qualquer raça.

Referências

Ligações externas

Regiões censitárias do Ohio
Localidades do condado de Huron (Ohio)

New Haven (condado de Huron, Ohio)


Rifat Latif Berisha (Berishë, Drenica, 1910. – 1949.), albanski aktivist i borac u Drugom svjetskom ratu, Heroj Kosova

Unuk Tahira Berishe, velikog talenta popularne filozofije svog stoljeća.

Bio je u izvršnom članstvu Bujanske konferencije.

Vidi
 Azem Galica
 Ferat Draga
 Hasan Prishtina
 Ilaz Agushi
 Miftar Bajraktari
 Nazim Gafurri
 Ramadan Shaban
 Sadik Rama
 Shaban Polluzha
 Shtjefën Gjeçovi

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 e Rifat L. Berisha
 Basha|Rifat Berisha:Figurë e shquar patriotike
 Radio Kosova e Lirë
Rifat Berisha (1910-1949) luftëtar i shquar i Lëvizjes Antifashiste dhe kundërshtar i mbetjes së Kosovës nën Jugosllavi
 Radio Kosova e Lirë Rifat Latif Berisha (1910- 1949)

Kosovski političari
Albanci

Rifat Berisha


Socialistische Partij Anders, forkortet til sp.a. («Sosialistiske Parti – Anderledes», sp.a.) er et flamsk socialdemokratisk parti i Belgien. Partiet hed fram til 2001 Socialistische Partij (SP), derefter Socialistische Partij Anders sp.a.) frem til 2009, hvorefter det i en kort periode hed Socialisten en Progressieven Anders.

Ved det føderale valg i 2014 fik Socialistische Partij Anders 13 mandater i Repræsentant-kammeret og 5 mandater i Senatet. Ved valget i 2010 fik sp.a. 13 mandater i Repræsentant-kammeret og 4 mandater i Senatet.

Ved Europa-Parlamentsvalget 2014 fik sp.a. 1 mandat i Europa-Parlamentet.

Historie
Det belgiske arbejderparti blev dannet i 1885, og det skiftede navn til det belgiske sosialistparti i 1944.

I 1978 blev partiet delt efter sproglige og regionale kriterier. Parti Socialiste (PS) blev etableret i Vallonien, mens Socialistische Partij, senere Socialistische Partij Anders (SP eller sp.a) blev etableret i Flandern. Begge partier er repræsenteret i den tosprogede region Bruxelles.

Eksterne links
Officiell hjemmeside

Socialdemokratiske partier
Politiske partier i Belgien
Etableret i 1978

Socialistische Partij Anders


Movies 24 est une chaîne de télévision britannique privée payante.

Histoire
La chaîne est lancée au Royaume-Uni le  sur le fournisseur de satellites Sky. Le , une chaîne de rediffusion Movies 24 + est lancée. La chaîne était auparavant une chaîne de rediffusion de  de décalage appelée More 24.

En , Movies 24 + a un programme quotidien distinct de Movies 24, montrant les mêmes films mais à des moments différents tout au long de la journée. Depuis le , Movies 24 n'est plus disponible sur la plateforme BT TV.

La chaîne devient connue à ses débuts pour la diffusion de téléfilms et d'émissions de télévision à l'origine disponibles pour Hallmark Channel en Grande-Bretagne, avant d'être remplacés en 2010.

Traduction

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Liste des chaînes de télévision au Royaume-Uni

Chaîne ou station de télévision fondée en 2006
Chaîne de télévision au Royaume-Uni

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John Jiménez Retana, né le , est un coureur cycliste costaricien.

Biographie

John Jiménez intègre sa première équipe cycliste en 2014. Deux ans plus tard, il est sélectionné en équipe nationale pour les championnats du monde juniors de Doha.

En 2021, il est champion d'Amérique centrale sur route espoirs et sixième du championnat panaméricain élites à Saint-Domingue.

Palmarès et résultats

Palmarès par année
 2017
  Champion du Costa Rica du contre-la-montre juniors
 2018
  de la Vuelta de la Juventud Costa Rica
 2019
  Champion du Costa Rica sur route espoirs
  de la Vuelta de la Juventud Costa Rica
  de la Clásica Nicoya
  de la Vuelta al Caribe
  de la Vuelta a Chiriquí
  du championnat du Costa Rica du contre-la-montre espoirs
 2021
  Champion d'Amérique centrale sur route espoirs
 2022
 Criterium del Ramo

Classements mondiaux

Notes et références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste costaricien
Naissance en février 1999

John Jiménez


9748 van Ostaijen este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
9748 van Ostaijen este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla de Eric Walter Elst. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,34 ua, o excentricitate de 0,06 și o înclinație de 6,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 9001-10000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1989
Centura de asteroizi

9748 van Ostaijen


İstanbul Antlaşması Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun çeşitli tarihlerde başka ülkelerle yaptığı antlaşmalardan herhangi biri olabilir:

 İstanbul Antlaşması (1533) (Avusturya Arşidükünün sadrazama denk sayıldığı antlaşma)
İstanbul Antlaşması (1547) (I. Ferdinand ile V. Karl'ın, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun Macaristan üzerindeki hâkimiyetini tanıdığı ve Habsburg Hanedanı'nın elinde bulundurduğu Macaristan toprakları için Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na vergi vermeyi kabul ettiği antlaşma.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1553) (Fransa kralının Osmanlı padişahını Avrupa'nın tek imparatoru kabul ettiği antlaşma.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1562) (Avusturya Arşidüklüğü'nün Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na vergi vermeyi kabul ettiği antlaşma.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1590) (Ferhat Paşa Antlaşması)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1700) (Azak Kalesi'nin Rusya'ya bırakıldığı antlaşma.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1724) (Rusya'yla yapılan ilk dostluk antlaşması.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1736) (1735-1736 İran Savaşı'nı sona erdiren antlaşma.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1832)
İstanbul Antlaşması (1885)  (Büyük Britanya'nın Mısır'daki varlığının tanındığı antlaşma.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1888)  (Süveyş Kanalı'ndan geçişleri belirleyen antlaşma.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1897)  (Girit'e özerklik verilen antlaşma.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1913)  (Yunanistan sınırının Meriç Nehri üzerinden tanımlandığı antlaşma.)
 İstanbul Antlaşması (1915) (İtilaf Devletleri arasında imzalanan, İstanbul da dahil olmak üzere İstanbul Boğazı ile Çanakkale Boğazı'nın Rusya'ya bırakıldığı gizli antlaşma.)

İstanbul Antlaşması


Aristide Cavaillé-Coll (født 4. februar 1811, død 13. oktober 1899) var en fransk orgelbygger. Han anses som en af de fremmeste orgelbyggere i 1800-tallet. Hans banebrydende håndværk og design lagde en solid standard for orgelbyggeriet videre ind i starten af 1900-tallet. Orgelbyggerbevægelsen forsøgte at vende tilbage til barokstilen inden for orgelbygning, men mod slutningen af 1900-tallet blev Cavaillé-Colls design igen mode. Efter hans død videreførte svigersønnen, Charles Mutin, håndværkstraditionen ind i det 20. århundrede.

Biografi

Cavaillé-Coll blev født i Montpellier, Frankrig i en familie med en lang række af orgelbyggere. Han viste tidlig et stort talent for mekanisk design, hvilket han udviklede til udsøgt håndværk under konstruktionen og byggeriet af sine verdensberømte instrumenter. Det siges, at orgelbygningen iddeles i tiden før og tiden efter Cavaillé-Coll. Han byggede "symfoniske orgler", hvilket indebærer at orglerne kan genskabe lyde og toner fra andre instrumenter, og kombinere dem. Hans største og mest berømte orgel er i Saint-Sulpice, i Frankrig. Med sine 100 stemmer og fem manualer er dette instrumentet en kandidat til UNESCOs liste over verdens kultur- og naturarvsteder.

Cavaillé-Coll var velkendt for sine økonomiske problemer. Bygningen af hans orgler, som ikke havde sidestykke på den tiden, var ikke nok til at balancere bedriftens økonomi. I 1898 arvede hans svigersøn, Charles Mutin, bedriften. Han fortsatte med orgelbygning, men i løbet af 2._verdenskrig var bedriften så godt som forsvundet.

Orgeler byggede af Cavaillé-Coll

I Frankrig

 Caen: Église de Ste.-Étienne
 Carcassonne: St. Michel
 Épernay: Saint-Pierre Saint Paul
 Lyon: St. François-de-Sales
 Orléans:  Cathédrale du Saint-Croix
 Mazamet Eglise Saint-Sauveur
 Paris: Église Saint-Roch
 Paris: Église de la Madeleine
 Paris: Notre-Dame-de-la-Croix
 Paris: American Cathedral in Paris
 Paris: Notre Dame de Paris
 Paris: Sainte Clotilde
 Paris: Saint-Sulpice (av François-Henri Clicquot, rekonstruert og forbedret av Cavaillé-Coll)
 Paris: Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
 Paris: Église de la Sainte-Trinité
 Paris: Église Saint-Jean-de-Montmartre (flyttet fra École Sacré-Cœur de la Ferrandière, Lyon)
 Paris: Basilique du Sacré-Cœur
 Paris: Val-de-Grâce - kapellorgel
 Courbevoie (nær Paris): Église Saint-Maurice de Bécon
 Perpignan: Katedralen
 Rouen: St. Ouen
 Saint-Denis: Klosterkirken Saint-Denis
 Toulouse: Saint-Sernin
 Trouville-sur-Mer: Église Notre-Dame des Victoires
 Lavaur: Saint-Alan
 Rabastens: Notre-Dame-du-Bourg

I Spanien
 Lekeitio: Basílica de La Asunción de Nuestra Señora
 Madrid: San Francisco el Grande Basilica
 Alegia: San Juan
 Azkoitia: Santa María
 Azpeitia: Basílica de Loyola
 Getaria (Guetaria): San Salvador
 Irún: Santa María
 Mutriku (Motrico): Santa Catalina
 Oiartzun: San Esteban
 Pasaia (Pasajes)
 San Sebastián (Donostia): Résidence de Zorroaga
 San Sebastián (Donostia): San Marcial d'Altza
 San Sebastián (Donostia): Santa María del Coro
 San Sebastián (Donostia): Santa Teresa
 San Sebastián (Donostia): San Vicente
 Urnieta: San Miguel
 Vidania (Bidegoyan), San Bartolomé

I Storbritannien
 Warrington: Parr Hall (England)
 Franborough: St Michael's Abbey
 Manchester Town Hall
 Jersey: Highlands (Channel Islands)
 Paisley: Paisley Abbey

I Nederlandene
 Haarlem: Philharmonie
 Amsterdam: Augustinuskerk
 Amsterdam: Joannes en Ursulakapel Begijnhof

I Venezuela
 Caracas: Iglesia de la Parroquia San Francisco. Used for regular service.
 Caracas: Iglesia de la Parroquia Altagracia (Inoperative)
 Caracas: Iglesia de la Parroquia Santa Teresa. Used for regular service.
 Caracas: Iglesia de la Parroquia San José (In a delicate situation)
 Caracas: Parroquia La Encarnación del Valle. After several decades of silence, it's been played regularly since in 2011.
 Los Teques: Catedral

Øvrige
 Valparaíso, Chile: Iglesia de los Sagrados Corazones (1872)
 København, Danmark: Jesuskirken (1890)
 Moskva, Russland: Moskvakonservatoriets store hall (installert av Charles Mutin)
 Mazatlán, Mexico: Catedral Basílica de la Inmaculada Concepción
 Fuji, Japan: Haus Sonnenschein http://haussonnen.jugem.jp/
 Campinas i Brasil: Catedral Metropolitana.
 Lorena, Brasil: Catedral Nossa Senhora da Piedade
 Roma, Italia: Chapel of the Casa Santa Maria of the Pontifical North American College
 Lujan, Argentina. Basilica de Lujan.
 Campo Largo, Pr -Brasil - Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora da Piedade

Orgelbyggere
Personer fra Frankrig
Personer fra Montpellier

Aristide Cavaillé-Coll


LYC steht für:
 Lübecker Yacht-Club
 Flughafen Lycksele, ein schwedischer Flughafen (IATA-Code)
 Lynden Air Cargo, eine amerikanische Fluggesellschaft (ICAO-Code)

Abkürzung

LYC


{{Albüm bilgi kutusu
| isim               = Hypnotize
| tür                = stüdyo
| sanatçı            = System of a Down
| kapak              = SOAD Hypnotize.jpg
| yayın_tarihi       = 22 Kasım 2005
| kayıt_tarihi       = 2004–2005, The MansionLaurel Canyon, Los Angeles, KaliforniyaAkademie Mathematique of Philosophical Sound ResearchLos Angeles, Kaliforniya
| tarz               = Alternatif metal, progresif rock, heavy metal, experimental metal
| süre               = 39:46
| şirket             = American
| yapımcı            = Rick Rubin, Daron Malakian
| eleştiriler        =
Metacritic 78/100
AbsolutePunk 91/100
Allmusic
E! Online (B)
Entertainment Weekly (B+)
The Guardian <ref>
Hypnotize, System of a Down'ın beşinci stüdyo albümü.

Mezmerize/Hypnotize ikili albüm projesinin ikinci albümüdür. İki albüm tarz olarak neredeyse aynıdır. Grup üyeleri tarafından tek albüm olarak düşünülmüş daha sonra 6 ay arayla piyasaya sürülmesi kararlaştırılmıştır.

Şarkı listesi

Personel
System of a Down
 Serj Tankian – Vokal,  klavye, thermin
 Daron Malakian – Vokal, gitar, bas gitar, klavye
 Shavo Odadjian – Bas gitar
 John Dolmayan – Bateri

Liste konumları

Albüm

Tekli

Kaynakça

2005 albümleri
System of a Down albümleri
Billboard 200'de bir numara olan albümler
Yapımcısı Rick Rubin olan albümler

Hypnotize


1000 lugares que ver antes de morir  es un libro de turismo escrito por la periodista estadounidense Patricia Schultz que lista los 1000 puntos turísticos más importantes del Planeta desde el punto de vista de la autora. Tiene 972 páginas que cuentan lugares para visitar en Europa, África, Ásia, Australia, Estados Unidos y Canadá, América Latina y el Caribe. Además da sugerencias de hoteles, reservas naturales, cerros, castillos, festivales, arrecifes, restaurantes, catedrales, islas escondidas, casas de ópera, museos y otros para visitar. El libro obtuvo el 4º lugar en la lista de libros más vendidos del diario New York Times en 2006.

1000 lugares que ver antes de morir se inspiró una serie de televisión con el mismo nombre, transmitida originalmente en 2007 por el Travel Channel. La serie es transmitida en Portugal por el canal Discovery Travel & Living.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Sitio oficial del libro
Sitio oficial del Travel Channel

Libros en inglés
Libros de 2003

1000 lugares que ver antes de morir


ආයතනික සාර්ථකත්වය ළඟා කරගැනීම සඳහා  එහි කළමනාකරණය, අලෙවිකරණය, මුල්‍ය, නිෂ්පාදන, මෙහෙයුම්, මානව සම්පත්, තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය, ගිණුම්කරණය වැනි විවිධ ක්ෂේත්‍රයන් ඒකාබද්ධ කර කටයුතු කිරීම උපාය මාර්ගික කළමනාකරණය මගින් පෙන්වා දෙයි. මහාචාර්ය ෆ්‍රෙඩ් ඩේවිඩ් ගේ නිර්වචනයට අනුව උපාය මාර්ගික කළමනාකරණය යනු , "සංවිධානයකට එහි අරමුණු ළඟා කර ගැනීමට හැකි වන පරිදි විවිධ ශ්‍රිතමය තීරණ සැලසුම් කිරීම, ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම සහ අගයනු ලබන කලාව සහ විද්‍යාවයි. (Strategic Management is the art and science of formulating, implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives)

මුලික  සංකල්ප
කළමනාකරණයෙහි විවිධ අංශ සම්බන්ධීකරණය වී ආයතනික අරමුණු කරා කෙරෙන විග්‍රහයකදී මෙහිදී බලපානු ලබන විශේෂ අංග කිහිපයක් සලකා බලමු.

උපායමාර්ගඥයන්
උපායමාර්ගඥයන් යනු සංවිධානයක සාර්ථකත්වය හෝ අසාර්ථකත්වය කෙරෙහි සෘජුවම වගකිවයුතු පුද්ගලයන් ය. උදාහරණ ලෙස සැලකුවහොත්, ආයතනයක ප්‍රධාන විධායක නිලධාරී , සභාපති , කලමනාකර අධ්‍යක්ෂක , විදුහල්පති යන ආකාරයේ ආයතන ප්‍රධානීන් මෙම  ඝනයට අයත් වේ .

දැක්ම සහ මෙහෙවර
ආයතනයක දැක්ම (Vision) යනු එම ආයතනය අනාගතයේදී ලඟාවීමට බලාපොරොත්තු වන තත්ත්වයයි. එක්  එක්  ආයතනය සඳහා තම ප්‍රධානීන් විසින් සකස් කරන ලද දැක්මක් ඇත. ආයතනයක මෙහෙවර යනු වෙනත් සමාන ආයතන  එම ආයතනය වෙන් කොට හඳුනාගත හැකි මුලික කාර්ය භාරයයි. මෙහිදී ආයතනයේ අනාගත උපායශීලී අදහසත් ඒ සඳහා ව්‍යාපාරික කටයුත්ත කුමක් ද යන්නත් විග්‍රහ කරයි.

බාහිර අවස්ථාවන් සහ තර්ජන

මෙහිදී ස්වොට් (SWOT) විශ්ලේෂණය මගින් පැහැදිලි කරන ආකාරයට, ආයතනයක අනාගතයට හිතකර හෝ අහිතකර ලෙස බලපානු ලැබිය හැකි ආර්ථික , සමාජයීය, සංස්කෘතික, දේශපාලනික ආදී බාහිර සමාජයේ ඇති අවස්ථාවන් හෝ තර්ජනයන්  ගනු ලැබේ. බාහිර අවස්ථාවලදී වාසි ලබාගැනීමටත් බාහිර තර්ජන මගහැරීමටත් උපායමාර්ගික කළමනාකරණය ඉතා වැදගත් මෙහෙයක් සිදු කරයි.

අභ්‍යන්තර ශක්තීන් සහ දුර්වලතා
ආයතනයක අභ්‍යන්තර ශක්තීන් ප්‍රාග්ධනිත කරමින් අභ්‍යන්තර දුර්වලතා  ඉවත්කරමින් උපායමාර්ග සකස් කලයුතු වෙයි.

දිගුකාලීන අරමුණු
ආයතනයක් ළඟාකරගැනීමට  බලාපොරොත්තු වන අනාගත ඉලක්කයන් අරමුණු ලෙස හඳුන්වයි. මෙහිදී වසරක් හෝ ඊට වැඩි කාලයක් තුල ලබාගත යුතු අරමුණු  දිගුකාලීන අරමුණු ලෙස විග්‍රහ කරයි. මෙම අරමුණු තාර්කික, අභියෝගකාරී,  අදාල, පැහැදිලි  මෙන්ම මැනියහැකි විය යුතුය. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස මෙම වසර අවසානයේ 12% ක ලාභාංශයක් ලබාගැනීම අරමුණක් ලෙස දැක්විය හැකිය.

උපායමාර්ග

සංවිධානයක් ගමන් කල යුතු දීශාව හා ඒ සඳහා ළඟා වන්නේ කෙසේද යන්න පිලිබඳව ගනු ලබන තීරණයක් හෝ තීරණ වල එකතුවකි.

උපාය මාර්ගික තීරණයක් යනු
ආයතනයේ දෘෂ්ඨිය මත පදනම් වූ මෙහෙවර ළඟා කර ගැනීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් ගනු ලබන දිගුකාලීන තීරණයන්ය.

උපායමාර්ගික කළමනාකරණය යනු
උපායමාර්ගික කළමනාකරුවන් විසින්, සංවීධානය ගමන් කළ යුතු දිශාවට මඟපෙන්වීම සදහා  වන තොරතුරු උපයෝගීකරගෙන තීරණ ගැනීමේ ක්‍රියාවලියයි. - Pearce & Robinson (2008) -

ප්‍රතිපත්ති

ප්‍රතිපත්ති  යනු ආයතනයක අරමුණු ලඟා කර ගැනීමට ගන්නා වූ තීරණ සඳහා මගපෙන්වන දෑ  හෙවත් මාර්ගොපදෙශයන්ය .නිදසුන් ලෙස රෙගුලාසි ,චක්‍රලේකන , දැක්විය හැකිය.

උපායමාර්ගික  මට්ටම්

 සංයුක්ත / සමස්ථ මට්ටමේ උපායමාර්ග
 ව්‍යාපාරික මට්ටමේ උපායමාර්ග
 මෙහෙයුම් මට්ටමේ උපායමාර්ග

සමස්ථ / සංයුක්ත මට්ටමේ උපාය මාර්ග ලෙස පහත සඳහන් ඒවා දැක්විය හැතිය.
01. විස්තීරණ වර්ධන උපාය මාර්ග

 වෙළෙදපොල විනිවිද යාමේ උපායමාර්ග
 වෙළෙඳපොල වාර්ධන උපායමාර්ග
 නිෂ්පාදන වාර්ධන උපාය මාර්ග
 විවිධාංගීකරණ උපාය මාර්ග

02. ඒකාබද්ධ වාර්ධන උපාය මාර්ග

 සිරස් ඒකාබද්ධ උපායමාර්ග
 ඉදිරියට ඒකාබද්ධ වීමේ උපායමාර්ග
 පසුපසට ඒකාබද්ධ වීමේ උපායමාර්ග
 තිරස් ඒකාබද්ධ වීමේ උපායමාර්ග

03. ව්විධාංගීකරණ උපායමාර්ග

 ආශීත විවිධාංගීකරණ උපායමාර්ග
 තිරස්  විවිධාංගීකරණ උපායමාර්ග
 බහු විවිධාංගීකරණ උපායමාර්ග

04. ආරක්ෂණ උපායමාර්ග

 වියදම් කපා හැරීම
 ඉවත් වීම
 ඈවර කිරිම

උපාය මාර්ගික කළමනාකරණයේ විකාශණය.

 ව්‍යාපාරික ප්‍රතිපත්ති අදියර
 පුරෝකථනය කළ සැලසුම් අදියර
 උපක්‍රමික සැලසුම් අදියර
 උපක්‍රමික කළමනාකරණ අදියර

උපායමාර්ගික කළමනාකරණය

උපායමාර්ගික කළමනාකරණය


An Macropodanthus in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Macropodanthus in nahilalakip ha familia nga Orchidaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Macropodanthus

Macropodanthus


Events in the year 1950 in the Republic of India.

India got its independence from Britain in 1947, but still had a King. George VI, the King of United Kingdom was the King of India as well. Some provisions of the Indian Constitution had come into force on November 26, 1949. January 26, 1950 had been chosen as the day for full implementation of the Constitution making India a Republic and officially ending its ties to British monarchy.

Dr Rajendra Prasad was sworn in as the first President of the country on January 26, 1950.

Just a day before the birth of the Republic of India, the Election Commission of India was born.

Main body to devise and revise plans for the progress of India was envisaged, The Planning Commission.

Liaquat-Nehru Pact or Delhi Pact was signed between India and Pakistan in April. Refugees were allowed to return to their native country unmolested to dispose of their property in either country.

India and Nepal officially became friends. Though, India and Nepal has been ancient civilizations and have always had deep cultural relations, they did not have a bilateral treaty to guide their relations in the modern world. The 1950-India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship was signed. The new treaty allowed free movement of people and goods between the two countries.

Andaman and Nicobar Island's was handed over to India by England and Burma (Myanmar).

After 1947, the year of India's Independence, 1950 was indeed the next most momentous year.

Incumbents

 King of India – George VI (until 26 Jan.)
 Governor-General of India – C. Rajagopalachari (until 26 Jan.)
 President of India – Rajendra Prasad took office on 26 January.
 Prime Minister of India – Jawaharlal Nehru
 Chief Justice of India – Sir H. J. Kania (from 26 Jan.)

Governors
 Assam: Sri Prakasa (until 27 May), Jairamdas Daulatram (starting 27 May)
 Bihar: Madhav Shrihari Aney
 Bombay State: Raja Maharaj Singh
 Odisha: Asaf Ali
 Punjab: Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi
 Rajasthan: Man Singh II
 Madras state: Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji
 Uttar Pradesh: Homi Mody
 West Bengal: Kailash Nath Katju

Events
 National income - 102,216 million
 25 January – Election Commission is established.
 26 January – The Constitution comes into force making India a republic, the day is observed as Republic Day ever since and declares Kashmir and Jammu into the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, thus Kashmir becomes autonomous within the federation. India becomes the first republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.
 26 January – Dr. Rajendra Prasad moves into Rashtrapati Bhavan as the first President of India.
 8 April – Liaquat–Nehru Pact signed by Pakistan's Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in New Delhi
 15 August – The 8.6  Assam–Tibet earthquake shakes the region with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing between 1,500–3,300 people.
 3 November - Air India Flight 245 crashed near Mont Blanc, France.
 13 December - A Douglas DC-3 Dakota flight of  Air India having a scheduled flight between Madras and Trivandrum International Airport crashed near Kotagiri on its descent to Coimbatore International Airport killing 20 people. The wreckage was discovered only after three days. The son of Travancore–Cochin Chief minister, C. Kesavan was also killed in the accident.
 Andaman and Nicobar Islands handed over to India by the United Kingdom and Burma

Law
 28 January – the Supreme Court of India is established, replacing both the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and the Federal Court of India at the top of India's court system.
 5 June – Bihar High Court struck down Bihar Management of Estates and Tenures Act, 1949 as unconstitutional.
 31 July – Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship signed

Births

January to June

1 January – Deepa Mehta, Indian-Canadian director and screenwriter
5 January – Jagathy Sreekumar, comedian-actor.
9 January – Y. Gee. Mahendra, dramatist, actor, singer playwright and comedian.
14 January – Rambhadracharya, Hindu religious leader.
9 February – Kilimanoor Chandran, author, poet and columnist.
11 April – Leo Rebello, holistic health guru, author, human rights activist, world peace envoy.
20 April – N. Chandrababu Naidu, politician
21 April – Shivaji Satam, Indian actor
4 May – Konakalla Narayana Rao, politician and member of parliament from Machilipatnam.
13 May – J. M. Aaron Rashid, politician.
4 June – S. P. Y. Reddy , politician and member of parliament from Nandyal. (died 2019).
20 June – Madhusudhan Rao, film actor.
22 June – Tom Alter, film actor. (died 2017).

July to December

1 July – Ekram Ali, poet and critic.
19 August – Sudha Murty, social worker and author
11 September – Mohan Bhagwat, Sarsanghchalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
17 September – Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India
18 September
 Shabana Azmi, actress and social activist
 Vishnuvardhan, Kannada actor (died 2009)
24 September – Mohinder Amarnath, cricketer.
26 November – Abhijit Sen, economist (died 2022)
12 December – Rajinikanth, film actor
20 December – Abul Kalam Qasmi, Urdu poet and critic (died 2021)

Deaths

14 April – Ramana Maharshi, Ancient Sage of the Modern Era (born 1879).
24 June – Darwan Singh Negi, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1914 (born 1881).
5 December – Sri Aurobindo, nationalist, scholar, poet, mystic, evolutionary philosopher, yogi and guru (born 1872).
15 December – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, political and social leader (born 1875).

See also
 Bollywood films of 1950

References

India
Years of the 20th century in India
1950s in India
1950 in Asia

1950 in India


En geometría, la mediana, media o transversal de gravedad de un triángulo, es el segmento de recta que une un vértice con el punto medio del lado opuesto.

Propiedades

Para las medianas se anotan las siguientes propiedades:

 Cada mediana divide al triángulo en dos triángulos, siendo lado común de ellos; dichos triángulos, en general, no son congruentes; pero sí equivalentes,  de igual área, por ejemplo para el caso de la mediana AI (véase la figura) dichas regiones son los dos triángulos ΔABI y ΔACI de igual área.
 Las tres medianas se intersecan en un único punto, llamado baricentro, centroide o  centro de gravedad.
 Dos tercios de la longitud de cada mediana están entre el vértice y el baricentro, mientras que el tercio restante está entre el baricentro y el punto medio del lado opuesto.
 Para cualquier triángulo rectilíneo con lados , medianas  y perímetro , se cumple la siguiente desigualdad:

 Para cualquier triángulo  con lados  y medianas ,  la proyección de  sobre a, los elementos indicados verifican las siguientes ecuaciones:

Relación con el centro de gravedad
Cada una de las tres medianas de un triángulo pasa por el centroide del mismo, el cual es coincidente con el centro de gravedad de un objeto con forma de triángulo (si éste es de densidad uniforme). Así, dicho objeto estaría en equilibrio en cualquier transversal de gravedad (línea que pase a través del centro de gravedad ), Las medianas son solo tres transversales de gravedad, del haz infinito de transversales de gravedad del triángulo.

Teorema de la mediana

En geometría, el teorema de Apolonio, también llamado teorema de la mediana, es una proposición que relaciona la longitud de la mediana de un triángulo con las longitudes de sus lados.

Para cualquier triángulo ΔABC (véase fig. m1), si mc es la mediana correspondiente al lado c, donde AP = PB = ½ c, entonces :

Fórmulas algebraicas de medianas en función de lados

Del teorema de Apolonio, también llamado "teorema de la mediana", pueden deducirse varias fórmulas prácticas (válidas para cualquier triángulo). Estas permiten calcular a partir del conocimiento de tres elementos, a un cuarto elemento desconocido, (los elementos en cuestión son lados y medianas). La siguiente tabla muestra un resumen de las mismas (con notación acorde a la figura de la propia tabla) :

En el triángulo isósceles
;

En el triángulo rectángulo

Triángulo medial
Se conoce con el nombre de triángulo medial respecto a otro triángulo al que tiene como vértices los puntos medios de un triángulo cualquiera dado.

Proposiciones
Los lados de un triángulo medial son las bases medias de un triángulo dado.
 El baricentro de un triángulo coincide con el baricentro del triángulo medial.
 El área de un triángulo medial es 1/4 del área del triángulo original.
 Un triángulo medial es semejante al triángulo inicial
 En cualquier triángulo isósceles la mediana correspondiente a la base es a la vez altura y bisectriz y es parte de la línea mediatriz de tal base.

Mediana de un trapecio
En cualquier trapecio, se llama mediana al segmento que une los puntos medios de los lados no paralelos. Recibe también el nombre de paralela media. En algunos países (e.g. Chile) a la paralela media se le llama mediana, mientras que el concepto de mediana se llama allí transversal de gravedad.

 La mediana del trapecio es paralela a las bases e igual a la semisuma de las mismas.

Véase también
 Triángulo
 Ceviana
 Bisectriz
 Mediatriz
 Altura (geometría)
 Teorema de Stewart
 Teorema de Apolonio (Teorema de la mediana).
 Ley del paralelogramo.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Geometría elemental
Triángulos

Mediana (geometría)


Francisco Mosquera (né en 1973), footballeur colombien
  (né en  1992), haltérophile colombien

Francisco Mosquera


Andro es una ciudad de la India

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 842  a 28 km de la capital estatal, Imfal, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 9 687 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Manipur

Andro


Danmark Rundt 2019 (eller PostNord Danmark Rundt 2019 af sponsorårsager) er den 29. udgave af cykelløbet Danmark Rundt, der blev kørt fra 21. til 25. august 2019.

Hold og ryttere

Etaperne

1. etape

2. etape

3. etape

4. etape

5. etape

Trøjernes fordeling gennem løbet

Resultater

Samlede stilling

Pointkonkurrencen

Bakkekonkurrencen

Ungdomskonkurrencen

Holdkonkurrencen

Startliste

Eksterne henvisninger

PostNord Danmark Rundt 2019 på Feltet.dk (dansk)
Resultater PostNord Danmark Rundt  2019

PostNord Danmark Rundt 2019


قائمة بالأبطال في 1961 البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية لكرة المضرب (المعروفة الآن باسم أمريكا المفتوحة):

الكبار

فردي رجال

 روي إيمرسون هزم  رود لافر 7-5 6-3 6-2

فردي سيدات

 دارلين هارد هزم  آن هايدون جونس 6-3, 6-4

مراجع

الرياضة في مدينة نيويورك في 1961
ولاية نيويورك في 1961
أحداث سبتمبر 1961 الرياضية
أحداث سبتمبر 1961 الرياضية في الولايات المتحدة
البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية (كرة مضرب) حسب السنة
كرة المضرب في 1961

البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية 1961 (كرة مضرب)


Steel Magnolias is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and starring Academy Award winners Sally Field, Shirley MacLaine, and Olympia Dukakis with Dolly Parton, Daryl Hannah, and Julia Roberts. The film is a film adaptation of Robert Harling's 1987 play of the same name about the bond a group of women share in a small-town Southern community, and how they cope with the death of one of their own. The supporting cast features Tom Skerritt, Dylan McDermott, Sam Shepard and Kevin J. O'Connor.

Robert Harling based the story in part on his sister, Susan Harling Robinson. She died in 1985 of complications from Type 1 diabetes. In the film, Julia Roberts plays Shelby, the character based on Susan.

Plot
Annelle Dupuy (Daryl Hannah), a shy beauty school graduate, moves to Chinquapin Parish in northwestern Louisiana, where Truvy Jones (Dolly Parton) hires her to work in her home-based beauty salon.

Meanwhile, M'Lynn Eatenton (Sally Field) and her daughter, Shelby (Julia Roberts), busily prepare for Shelby's wedding that is being held later that day. M'Lynn's husband Drum Eatenton (Tom Skerritt) first uses a gun to get rid of the birds in the trees so they don't ruin Shelby's reception. M'Lynn hides the gun when Drum goes to the restroom, so he ends up using a few arrows and a bow with firecrackers attached to them to get rid of the birds. Along with Clairee Belcher (Olympia Dukakis)—the former mayor's cheerful widow—they arrive at Truvy's to have their hair done. While there, Shelby, who has Type 1 diabetes, suffers a hypoglycemic attack, but recovers quickly with the women's help. M'Lynn reveals that due to Shelby's medical condition, her doctor advises against her having children. Shelby considered ending her engagement to her fiancé, Jackson (Dylan McDermott), so he would not be deprived of children.

Grouchy and sarcastic Louisa "Ouiser" Boudreaux (Shirley MacLaine) arrives at the salon and immediately begins interrogating Annelle about her background. Annelle tearfully reveals that her no-good husband, Bunkie, is evading the police and has taken all their money, her clothes and jewelry, and the car. Annelle further admits she is unsure her marriage is legal. Shelby, sympathetic, invites Annelle to the wedding reception where she meets bartender Sammy DeSoto (Kevin J. O'Connor). At the Christmas festival later that year, Annelle, following a short-lived wild streak, becomes deeply religious, annoying everyone, including Sammy. And Shelby finds out that Clairee bought the radio station KPPD.

During the Christmas holidays, Shelby announces she is pregnant. Everyone is thrilled except M'Lynn, who knows the risks. Truvy encourages M'Lynn to instead focus on the joy a new baby brings.

Shelby has a baby boy and names him Jackson Latcherie Jr., but soon develops kidney failure requiring regular dialysis. Around Jackson Jr.'s first birthday, Shelby undergoes a successful transplant with M'Lynn's donated kidney. Shelby recovers, but four months later, Jackson arrives home to find her unconscious. Shelby is comatose, having contracted an infection in her central nervous system due to the suppressive therapy that keeps her body from rejecting the kidney. After doctors determine Shelby's condition is irreversible, the family jointly decide to remove her from life support and Jackson is seen signing the papers removing Shelby from life support. Shortly after Shelby's death, M'Lynn leaves the hospital and goes to Jackson's aunt Fern's house to pick up her grandson.

After the funeral, Jackson is seen walking to the family car with his parents beside him and Shelby's brothers Tommy (Knowl Johnson) and Johnathan (Johnathan Ward) are seen walking to their car. Shortly after that, M'Lynn starts breaking down, but the other women comfort her. M'Lynn gradually accepts her daughter's decision to have risked her life in return for a few special years of motherhood and decides to focus her energy on helping Jackson with raising her grandson. Annelle who married Sammy and is now pregnant, tells M'Lynn she wants to name her own baby after Shelby, even if the baby turns out to be a boy as she was the reason Annelle and Sammy met. M'Lynn approves, stating, "Life goes on."

At the town's Easter egg hunt, Annelle goes into labor and is rushed to the hospital by Truvy and her husband Spud (Sam Shepard) in their truck followed by Sammy in an Easter Bunny costume and Truvy and Spud's son Louie on Louie's motorcycle and another life begins.

Cast

Background
The original play dramatized experiences of the family and friends of the playwright's following the 1985 death of his sister from diabetic complications after the birth of his namesake nephew and the failure of a family member's donated kidney. A writer friend continuously encouraged him to write it down in order to come to terms with the experience. He did but originally as a short story for his nephew then later to get an understanding of the deceased mother. It evolved in ten days into the play.

Production
Released by TriStar Pictures in the United States on November 15, 1989, it grossed more than $83.7 million at the box office. Harling's first produced screenplay, he adapted the original film script which was then heavily rewritten beyond the on-stage one-set scenario (which had taken place entirely in Truvy's beauty salon) of the stage production: the scenes increased and the sequence was more tightly linked with major holidays than the play; the increased characters beyond the original, all-female play cast caused dialogue changes between on-screen characters (among them, Harling plays the preacher and Truvy has one son instead of two). Natchitoches, Louisiana served as both the 1989 film location and scenario location with historian Robert DeBlieux, a former Natchitoches mayor, as the local advisor. The house where much of the film was shot is now a six-suite B&B, available for rent. The church used for a wedding scene is St Augustine Catholic Church in Natchez.

Reception

 An example of a less enthusiastic critic was Hal Hinson of The Washington Post, who said that it felt "more Hollywood than the South." More enthusiastic was Roger Ebert, who said that the film was "willing to sacrifice its over-all impact for individual moments of humor, and while that leaves us without much to take home, you've got to hand it to them: The moments work". The film received a score of 56 based 13 critics on Metacritic with "mixed or average reviews".

The movie received a limited release on November 15, 1989: it entered the U.S. box office at No. 4 with an opening weekend gross of $5,425,440; by the time of wider release two days later it grossed $15,643,935; stayed in the top 10 for 16 weeks, grossed $83,759,091 domestically with a further $12,145,000 with foreign markets, giving a worldwide gross of $95,904,091.

Home media
The film was released on VHS on June 19, 1990, and on DVD July 25, 2000, allowing the film to gross a further $40 million. The movie's overall gross was $135,904,091. The film was released on Blu-ray through the boutique label Twilight Time, on September 11, 2012–it has since gone out of print. A 30th anniversary Blu-ray was released on May 28, 2019.

Other versions

Lifetime version

Lifetime Television Network presented a remake directed by Kenny Leon, who had directed an ABC remake of A Raisin in the Sun (2008), set in Louisiana with black actors in the lead roles: Queen Latifah (M'Lynn), Jill Scott (Truvy), Alfre Woodard (Ouiser), Phylicia Rashād (Clairee), Adepero Oduye (Annelle) and Condola Rashād (Shelby). A review in The New York Times was mixed.

Pilot for TV show
CBS broadcast on August 17, 1990, a half-hour television pilot sitcom. The pilot, set after the events of the movie, featured the same characters, except for Shelby.

The cast included Cindy Williams as M'Lynn, Sally Kirkland as Truvy, Elaine Stritch as Ouiser, Polly Bergen as Clairee and Sheila McCarthy as Annelle. The show was not picked up to series.

Awards and nominations

See also
List of films featuring diabetes

References

External links

 Diabetes in the Movies

1980s American films
1980s buddy comedy-drama films
1980s English-language films
1980s female buddy films
1989 films
1989 comedy-drama films
American buddy comedy-drama films
American female buddy films
American films based on plays
Films about funerals
Films about hairdressers
Films about mother–daughter relationships
Films about weddings in the United States
Films directed by Herbert Ross
Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe-winning performance
Films produced by Ray Stark
Films scored by Georges Delerue
Films set in Louisiana
Films shot in Louisiana
Natchitoches, Louisiana
TriStar Pictures films

Steel Magnolias


Ivona Pavićević (n. 21 aprilie 1996, la Podgorica) este o handbalistă muntenegreană care joacă pentru echipa ŽRK Budućnost și pentru echipa națională a Muntenegrului pe postul de extremă stânga.

Anterior Pavićević a evoluat pentru ŽRK Budućnost Podgorica, iar pe 1 martie 2019 s-a anunțat că handbalista a semnat un contract cu Corona Brașov, pentru care va evolua din vara anului 2019.

Printre alte competiții, handbalista a luat parte la Campionatul Mondial din 2015, desfășurat în Danemarca, și la Campionatul European din 2018, desfășurat în Franța.

Palmares
Liga Campionilor EHF
Semifinalistă: 2016, 2017
Sfert-finalistă: 2018, 2019

Cupa Cupelor:
Turul 2: 2015

Cupa Challenge:
Turul 3: 2014

Note

Legături externe

Ivona Pavićević pe pagina web a EHF

Jucătoare de handbal din Muntenegru
Sportivi muntenegreni în viață
Handbaliști expatriați
Muntenegreni expatriați în România
Handbaliste ale Corona Brașov
Oameni din Podgorica

Ivona Pavićević


Calum Johnston, né le  à East Kilbride (Écosse), est un coureur cycliste britannique. Il est membre de l'équipe Caja Rural-Seguros RGA.

Biographie
Calum Johnston naît à East Kilbride, en Écosse. D'abord intéressé par le football, il commence le cyclisme à 9 ou 10 ans, lorsque son père lui offre son premier vélo. Chez les juniors (moins de 19 ans), il court au sein des clubs East Kilbride RC et Edinburgh RC.

En 2017, il intègre l'équipe Zappi Racing, basée en Italie et dirigée par l'ancien cycliste professionnel Flavio Zappi. Il court dans cette formation durant trois ans, avec pour objectif de passer professionnel. Lors de sa dernière saison, il montre ses qualités de grimpeur en terminant douzième du Tour d'Italie espoirs.

En 2021, il s'installe à Pampelune pour rejoindre la réserve de l'équipe Caja Rural-Seguros RGA. Malgré un début d'année gâché par une contamination au Covid-19, il se distingue en étant l'un des meilleurs coureurs amateurs en Espagne, avec quatre victoires et diverses places d'honneur. Ses bons résultats lui permettent de passer professionnel en 2022.

Palmarès
 2021
 Euskal Bailarak Kriteriuma
 Trofeo San José
 Trofeo Robert Innova
 Leintz Bailarari Itzulia
  du Tour de Cantabrie
  du San Roman Saria
  du Torneo Euskaldun
  du Laudio Saria

Classements mondiaux

Notes et références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste écossais
Naissance en janvier 1998
Naissance dans le South Lanarkshire

Calum Johnston


II. Mustafa veya Mustafa Gazi (Osmanlı Türkçesi: مصطفى ثانى Muṣṭafā-yi sānī; d. 2 Haziran 1664, İstanbul – ö. 29 Aralık 1703), lâkabı Gazi, Divan edebiyatındaki adı İkbâlî; 22. Osmanlı padişahı ve 101'inci İslâm halifesidir. Babası Sultan IV. Mehmed, annesi Emetullah Râbi'a Gülnûş Sultan'dır. Kuvvetli bir ilim tahsili yaptı. Osmanlı padişahları arasında sefere çıkan son padişahtır.

Avusturya seferleri

II. Mustafa döneminde Avusturya üzerine Sultan'ın katıldığı üç büyük sefer düzenlenmiştir. Tahta geçtiği zaman Osmanlı Devleti, Avusturya ile karada ve Venedik'le deniz ve karada savaşa devam etmekteydi. Tahta geçtiğinin üçüncü günü yapacağı işleri anlatan bir hatt-ı hümayun yayınladı. Yazısında: "Zevk, sefa ve rahatı kendimize haram eylemişizdir." diyordu. Lehistan ve Rusya ile anlaşmazlık çok ciddileşmişti. Sultan II. Mustafa, Balkanlar'da savaş için askerî merkez olan Edirne'de kalarak savaş işleri ile uğraşmak zorunda kaldı.

II. Mustafa, birinci Avusturya Seferi'ne tahta geçmesinin beşinci ayında 30 Haziran 1695'te Edirne'den hareketle başladı. Ordu Belgrad'a geldiği zaman o zamana kadar orada ikamet etmekte olan Orta Macar (Kurs) Kralı Tökeli İmre bir şayka ile Tuna Nehri üzerinden İstanbul'a gönderildi. Sonra Avusturya ordusuna karşı Lugos Muharebesi'ni kazandı. Bu nedenle II. Mustafa Gazi unvanı aldı. Sonra II. Mustafa İstanbul'a döndü ve 14 Kasım 1695'te Davutpaşa ordugahına indi ve 4 gün sonra büyük bir alayla İstanbul'a gelip Topkapı Sarayı'na yerleşti.

II. Mustafa, ikinci Avusturya Seferi için 8 Nisan 1696'da Davutpaşa ordugahında kurulan Sultan Otağına çıktı ve oradan ordu ile 22 Nisan 1696'da Macaristan'a doğru yola çıktı. 27 Ağustos 1696'da Osmanlı ordusu Avusturya ordusu ile Temeşvar yakınında Ulaş Muharebesi'ne girişti ve II. Mustafa komutası altındaki Osmanlı ordusu galip geldi. Avusturya ve Macar kaynaklarında bu muharebenin adı Olaschin olarak geçer. 26 Ekim 1696'da II. Mustafa ordu ile İstanbul'a döndü.

II. Mustafa, üçüncü Avusturya Seferi için, 20 Mayıs 1697'da Edirne'de otağa çıktı. Ancak 11 Eylül 1697'de Savoylu Prens Eugene komutasındaki Avusturya ordusuna karşı yapılan Zenta Muharebesi sonucu Osmanlı Devleti için büyük bir bozgun ve bir facia oldu. Tisa nehrini geçemeyen Veziriazam Elmas Mehmet Paşa ile dört divan veziri, birçok eyalet beyi, 30 kadar yeniçeri ağası, ordunun 30.000 asker ve subayı düşman çemberinde kalıp imha edildi veya Tisa ırmağını geçerken boğuldular. Bu yenilgide Osmanlı Devleti bir anda savunmasız kaldı.

Bu arada Venedikliler, Mora ve Dalmaçya'ya; Lehistan ise Boğdan'a saldırdı. Aynı dönemde Rusya'nın başına Deli Petro geçmişti. Deli Petro ordusunu modernize etmiş, boğazlardan Akdeniz'e inme ve Karadeniz'e egemen olma çabalarına girişmişti.

Rus İmparatorluğu 1695'teki saldırıda başarısız olmuş, fakat bir yıl sonra Azak Kalesi'ni ele geçirmişti (6 Ağustos 1696). Uzun süren savaşlar sonunda Osmanlı Devleti yorgun düşmüştü.

Karlofça Antlaşması

Son Avusturya seferindeki Zenta yenilgisi bir facia olmuştu. Yeni Sadrazam Köprülü Amcazade Hüseyin Paşa'nın girişimleriyle, özellikle İngiliz hükûmetinin elçisi Lord Paget ile Hollanda elçisi Jacob Colyer araya girmesi sonucunda Sultan II. Mustafa barışa razı oldu. İmzalanan Karlofça Antlaşması'yla Banat ve Temeşvar hariç, bütün Macaristan ve Erdel Prensliği Avusturya'ya, Ukrayna ve Podolya Lehistan'a, Mora, Ayamavra ve Dalmaçya kıyıları Venedikliler'e bırakıldı (26 Ocak 1699).

Karlofça Antlaşması Osmanlı Devleti'nin büyük ölçüde toprak kaybettiği ilk antlaşmadır. Bu tarihten sonra Osmanlı Devleti'nin gerileme dönemi başlar. Ayrıca bir yıl sonra Rusya ile de bir antlaşma yapıldı. 14 Temmuz 1700 tarihinde imzalanan İstanbul Antlaşması ile Azak Kalesi Rusya'ya bırakıldı.

Edirne Vakası ve tahttan indirilmesi

Tarih 1703 yılına gelmiş, Osmanlı Devleti'nin kötü gidişine dur denilememişti. Padişah tahta çıktığında söylediklerini unutmuş gibiydi. "Zevk ve sefa bana haram olsun" dediği halde, av partileri düzenliyor, aylarca av peşinde dolaşıyordu. Devlet işlerini sadrazamlarına ve eski hocası olan sonradan Şeyhülislam yaptığı Feyzullah Efendi'ye bırakmıştı. Bu durum ordu içinde hoşnutsuzluğa yol açtı.

Sultan II. Mustafa, Azak Kırımlılarına saldırmasının ardından İstanbul yerine Edirne'de oturmaya başladı. Mart 1700'den sonra İstanbul'a dönmedi. İstanbul'daki askerler bu duruma isyan edip, Edirne üstüne yürüdüler. Sultan II. Mustafa, Edirne'de bulunan askerleri teşkilatlandırıp yolları tutturdu ama Edirne ordusunun komutanları dağılıp gidince İstanbul'dan gelen ordu Edirne'ye girdi ve Şeyhülislam Feyzullah Efendi onlar tarafından öldürüldü.

Sultan II. Mustafa tahttan indirildi. Yerine kardeşi Sultan III. Ahmed tahta çıkarıldı (22 Ağustos 1703). Sultan II. Mustafa tahttan indirildikten sonra fazla yaşamadı ve 29 Aralık 1703'te öldü. Cenazesi İstanbul'a getirilip, Turhan Sultan türbesinde babası Sultan IV. Mehmed'in yanına gömülmüştür.

Mimarî çalışmalar

Sultan II. Mustafa döneminde yapılan mimari çalışmalar şunlardır; Saraçhanebaşı Amcazade Hüseyin Paşa Külliyesi, Anadolu Hisarı üzerinde Meşruta Yalısı, Fatih semtinde Millet Kütüphanesi, Erzurum Kurşunlu Medresesi.

Ailesi

Eşleri
Âlicenâb Kadın
Afife Kadın
Hümaşah Kadın
Saliha Sultan
Şehsuvar Sultan
Hatice Kadın
Hanife Hatun (İkbali)
Hafsa Sultan (İkbali)

Erkek çocukları
 I. Mahmud
 Şehzade Mehmed
 Şehzade Selim
 Şehzade Murat
 Şehzade Ahmed
 III. Osman
 Şehzade Hasan
 Şehzade Hüseyin
 Şehzade Ahmed

Kız çocukları
 Atike Sultan
 Büyük Ayşe Sultan: Kocaları sırayla Köprülü Numan Paşa, Tezkereci İbrahim Paşa, Koca Mustafa Paşa.
 Emine Sultan: Kocaları sırayla Çorlulu Ali Paşa, Recep Paşa, Abdullah Paşa.
 Safiye Sultan: Kocaları sırayla Maktulzade Ali Paşa, Mirza Mehmed Paşa, Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa, Ebubekir Paşa.
 Büyük Rukiye Sultan
 Hatice Sultan
 Fatma Sultan
 Esma Sultan
 Küçük Rukiye Sultan
 Ümmügülsüm Sultan
 Zeynep Sultan
 Emetullah Sultan: Kocası Sirke Osman Paşa
 Küçük Ayşe Sultan

Galeri

Ayrıca bakınız
 Edirne Vakası

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
Orhonlu, Cengiz, "II. Mustafa", İslam Ansiklopedisi, (1940 ve sonrası), T.C. Maarif Bakanlığı:Ankara İstanbul

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1664 doğumlular
1703 yılında ölenler
1704 yılında ölenler
17. yüzyılda Osmanlı padişahları
18. yüzyılda Osmanlı padişahları
17. yüzyıl dini liderleri
18. yüzyıl dini liderleri
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu gerileme dönemi
Osmanlı-Kutsal İttifak Savaşları'ndaki kişiler
Edirne'de ölenler
İstanbul'da defnedilenler
Tahttan indirilen Osmanlı padişahları
İki kutsal caminin hizmetkârları

II. Mustafa


وزارة العدل هي الوزارة المسؤولة عن سلطة قضائية في تونس. تأسست الوزارة في 26 أبريل 1921، وأول حامل للمنصب هو طاهر خير الدين.

المهام
وزارة العدل مكلفة حسب الأمر عدد 1062 لسنة 1974 مؤرخ في 28 نوفمبر 1974 ب:
 إعداد وتطبيق السياسة القضائية.
 إعداد مشاريع النصوص التي تهم سير القضاء وإبداء الرأي بشأن سائر مشاريع القوانين والنصوص الترتيبية التي تعرض عليها من طرف الوزارات الأخرى.
 إعداد مشاريع الإتفاقيات الدولية في المادة القضائية والمساهمة في المفاوضات التي تجرى بشأنها.
 تنظيم المصالح العمومية القضائية وتفقدها بالسهر على حسن سيرها وإتخاذ كل ما من شأنه أن يساهم في تحسينها والنهوض بها، وإجراء رقابة على كل المؤسسات الراجعة لها بالنظر.
 إجراء رقابة على المهن القضائية ومساعدي القضاء.
 تسليم شهادات الجنسية وإعداد مشاريع النصوص المتعلّقة بالتجنس أو فقدان الجنسية التونسية وتنسيق نشاط الرقابة التي تجرى على مصالح الحالة المدنية.
 إجراء الأبحاث في مطالب العفو والسراح الشرطي وإسترداد الحقوق وإعادة النظر.

وبعد إلحاق مؤسسات السجون والإصلاح وقطاع حقوق الإنسان بالوزارة بين 2002 و2011 أصبحت مشمولاتها تغطي أيضا:
 ضمان تنفيذ العقوبات الأصلية والتكميلية الصادرة عن المحاكم
 النهوض بحقوق الإنسان بمختلف جوانبها والسهر على دعمها وذلك بـ:
 تقديم الاقتراحات التي من شأنها أن تساهم في تطوير التشريع في هذا المجال
 التعاون مع الهيئآت العمومية المهتمة بحقوق الإنسان
 تبني كل المبادرات التي ترمي إلى النهوض بحقوق الإنسان وتجيـر ثقافتها في المجتمع.
 متابعة نشاط المنظمات الدولية في هذا المجال.

مؤسسات ملحقة
تشرف وزارة العدل على الهياكل والمؤسسات التالية:
 المعهد الأعلى للقضاء
 المعهد الأعلى للمحاماة
 مركز الدراسات القانونية والقضائية
 الإدارة العامة للسجون والإصلاح
 المدرسة الوطنية للسجون والإصلاح
 مؤسسات السجون والإصلاح
 ديوان مساكن القضاة وأعوان الوزارة
 الهيئة الوطنية لحماية المعطيات الشخصية

وزراء العدل

قبل الاستقلال

بعد الاستقلال

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع الوزارة.

وزارات حكومة تونس
وزارات عدل
وزراء عدل تونس

وزارة العدل (تونس)


John Sergeant Wise (December 27, 1846 – May 12, 1913) was an American author, lawyer, and politician in Virginia. He was the son of Henry A. Wise and Sarah Sergeant.

Early life

John was born in Rio de Janeiro in 1846, while his father was U.S. Minister to the Empire of Brazil. He lived as a youth with his father and others at Rolleston, their plantation on the Elizabeth River outside Norfolk, Virginia. His father served as a US Congressman before being elected as Governor of Virginia in 1856. After being privately tutored as a youth, Wise attended Virginia Military Institute.

Still a student when the American Civil War began, Wise served with the VMI Corps of Cadets at the Battle of New Market. Ordered to guard the Cadets' baggage train, he defied those orders to stay there, and took part in the Cadets' famous charge. After the battle, Wise accepted an officer's commission in the Confederate States Army.

Law and politics
After the war, Wise studied law at the University of Virginia, where he was initiated as a Brother of Beta Theta Pi fraternity in 1867. That same year he graduated and was admitted to the bar.

Wise practiced law in Richmond, Virginia for many years. In 1880, he was an unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Representative. In May 1882, he was appointed United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia, serving until March 1883.

Later in 1882, Wise was elected U.S. Representative for Virginia's at-large seat as a "Readjuster" – a label used by a coalition of Republicans and dissident Virginia Democrats. He served in the 48th United States Congress, from 1883 to 1885.

Before the 1884 elections, Virginia's districts were redrawn, abolishing the at-large seat. Wise did not seek re-election from a district. Instead, in 1885 he ran for Governor of Virginia as a Republican, but lost to Democrat Fitzhugh Lee.

In November 1902, Wise was the attorney of records in two federal lawsuits--Jones v. Montague, 194 U.S. Reports 147-153 (1904) and Selden v. Montague, 194 U.S. Reports 153 (1904)--which concerning the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902. The former was on behalf of voters in Virginia's 3rd congressional district against Virginia's Governor Andrew Jackson Montague as well as the Secretary of the Commonwealth and the Auditor of Public Accounts, and sought a writ of prohibition against counting the November 1902 election returns and also complained that the party in power sought to disenfranchise colored voters. The convention's delegates by a 47 to 38 majority voted not to submit their work product (which disenfranchised most Black and poor white voters) to voters as promised earlier, but instead proclaimed it as in effect as of July 10, 1902. The federal courts ruled they had no jurisdiction and relied upon a South Carolina constitutional convention case, "Mills v. Green", 159 U.S. 651 (1895). U.S. Supreme Court Justice Brewer took judicial notice that the U.S. House of Representatives had seated the congressmen elected by Virginia voters that year and "the thing sought to be prohibited has been done and cannot be undone by order of court", so the U.S. Supreme Court declined to get involved.  By the 1904 election, fifty percent fewer white, and ninety percent fewer black men voted.

Last years
Wise later moved to New York City, and practiced law there until his retirement. He died in 1913, near Princess Anne, Maryland, and was buried in Richmond.

Literary career

John Wise wrote several books, most notably a memoir entitled The End of an Era (1899), which has been reprinted in numerous editions since its first publication. A full text edition is available online at the University of North Carolina's website, Documenting the American South. It describes his boyhood in the last days before the Civil War, while he was living on his father's plantation "Rolleston" in Virginia, with a childhood slave companion and friend. He also discusses the war years, his father's role in the war, and his family.

Principal literary works
Diomed: The Life, Travels, and Observations of a Dog (1897)
The End of an Era (1899)
The Lion's Skin: a Historical Novel and a Novel History (1905)
Recollections of Thirteen Presidents (1906)

Family
On November 3, 1869, he married Evelyn Byrd Beverly Douglas, daughter of Hugh Douglas and Nancy Hamilton. John and Evelyn had nine children, seven sons and two daughters:
John Sergeant Wise (died young)
Hugh Douglas Wise
Henry Alexander Wise
John Sergeant Wise (as was custom, he was given the same name as an older brother who died young, in order to carry on his father's name)
Hamilton Wise
Eva Douglas Wise
Jennings Cropper Wise (recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross during the First World War, he became Commandant of Virginia Military Institute)
Margaretta Watnough Wise
Byrd Douglas Wise

New York State Senator Henry A. Wise (1906–1982) was his grandson.

In popular culture
Wise was portrayed by Luke Benward in the 2014 film Field of Lost Shoes, which depicted the Battle of New Market.

References

External links

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1846 births
1913 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
Readjuster Party members of the United States House of Representatives
New Market cadets
Politicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)
19th-century American writers
20th-century American writers
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers
United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Virginia
20th-century American male writers
Virginia Republicans
New York (state) Republicans
Readjuster Party politicians
Wise family of Virginia

John Sergeant Wise


Eyvind Johnson, fæddur Olof Edvin Verner Jonsson, (29. júlí 1900 – 25. ágúst 1976) var sænskur rithöfundur sem hlaut Nóbelsverðlaunin í bókmenntum árið 1974.

Ævi og störf
Johnson fæddist í smáþorpi í grennd við Boden norðarlega í Svíþjóð. Hann hætti í skóla um þrettán ára aldurinn og sinnti eftir það ýmsum verkamannastörfum. Nítján ára að aldri fluttist hann til Stokkhólms þar sem hann hóf að birta greinar í blöðum stjórnleysingja. Í höfuðborginni komst hann í kynni við rithöfunda úr öreigastétt.

Fyrstu skáldsögur hans komu út um miðjan þriðja áratuginn, en hann sló fyrst í gegn með bókaflokknum Romanen om Olof, sem voru fjórar sjálfsævisögulegar bækur um ungan mann og uppvöxt hans í Norður-Svíþjóð er komu út á árunum 1934-37. Johnson var gallharður andstæðingur nasisma og fasisma og ritaði kröftuglega gegn þeim í fjölda greina og bóka.

Að stríðinu loknu varði Johnson mörgum árum víðs vegar í Evrópu ásamt fjölskyldu sinni. Árið 1946 sendi hann frá sér verkið Strändernas svall sem lýsir endurkomu grísku kempunnar Ódysseifs til Íþöku. Varð það ein hans allra vinsælasta bók.

Árið 1974 hlutu þeir Eyvind Johnson og Harry Martinson bókmenntaverðlaun Nóbels. Var sú ákvörðun umdeild þar sem ýmsir kunnir rithöfundar höfðu verið orðaðir við verðlaunin það árið en þeir Johnson og Martinson áttu báðir sæti í Nóbelsnefndinni.

Sænskir nóbelsverðlaunahafar
Johnson, Eyvind
Handhafar bókmenntaverðlauna Nóbels

Handhafar Bókmenntaverðlauna Norðurlandaráðs

Eyvind Johnson


Sledding, sledging or sleighing is a winter sport typically carried out in a prone or seated position on a vehicle generically known as a sled (North American), a sledge (British), or a sleigh. It is the basis of three Olympic sports: luge, skeleton and bobsledding. When practised on sand, it is known as a form of sandboarding. In Russia sledges are used for maritime activities including fishing and commuting from island to island on ice.

History

The practical use of sleds is ancient and widespread. They were developed in areas with consistent winter snow cover, as vehicles to transport materials and/or people, far more efficiently than wheeled vehicles could in icy and snowy conditions. Early designs included hand-pulled sizes as well as larger dog, horse, or ox drawn versions. Early examples of sleds and sledges were found in the Oseberg Viking ship excavation. The Toboggan sled is also a traditional form of transport used by the Innu and Cree of northern Canada and the people of Ancient Egypt are thought to have used sledges (on the desert sand and on ramps) extensively for construction.

Modern sledding
The generic term sledding refers to traveling down a snowy hill using a sled such as a Flexible Flyer with wooden slats and metal runners. It is usually done during the winter when there is snow. Flat plastic or aluminum discs and improvised sleds (carrier bags, baking trays, cafeteria trays, sheets of cardboard, etc.) may also be used. The activity has been known to exist as a fringe recreational activity far into the distant murky past in toboggan-type sleds which seasonally supplant the ubiquitous cart.

Back country sledding

In contrast to the more common forms of sledding, back country sledding involves four important elements in combination: a great amount of directional control, flotation, a binding system, and padding. First, back country sleds are made of strong plastic material, with the snow-side surface possessing various grooves and chines for directional control. Second, the plastic construction, with a large amount of snow-side surface area keeps the sled afloat in deeper snow conditions (the same principle behind wider powder skis or snowboards). Though the original runner sleds possessed directional control, their thin runner blades bogged down in anything but icy or thin snow conditions. Disk sleds, on the other hand, possessed flotation but no directional control. Third, modern back country sleds have a binding system, which usually consists of a simple belt strap that attaches to the sides of the sled. With the sledder in the kneeling position, the strap may go over the sledder's thighs or calves before connecting with the strap from the other side of the sled with some sort of buckling device. Finally, back country sleds have foam pads glued for the sledder to kneel on for shock absorption. One such sled is the Mad River Rocket.

Back country sledding is a closer kin to back country alpine skiing or snowboarding than to traditional "pile the family in the van and go to the local hill" type of sledding. The terrain for back country sledding includes powder-filled steeps, open mountain bowls, cliff-filled ridges, and basically anywhere that one finds the powder, steeps, rocks and trees. Back country sleds, with the binding system and padding, may also be used for freestyle moves such as spins and flips off jumps and rail slides. Though similarities exist between back country sledding and alpine skiing/snowboarding, important differences separate the disciplines. From a technical perspective, the lack of a metal edge and the lower center of gravity make it more difficult to control a back country sled on icy or packed snow surfaces. From an access perspective, alpine resorts do not allow sledding on the actual mountain, except for the occasional small tubing hill.

Recreational sledding techniques

The first ride down a hill on a sled is the most important, but also the most difficult, as it determines the path of the sled for further runs down the hill. It is essential to steer the sled along the most exciting course, perhaps adding twists and turns to make the run down the hill faster or more exciting. Other techniques to improve the ride include turning around, lying on the stomach, or closing both eyes.  Running up to a sled and jumping onto it can create additional momentum and improve ride speed.  This technique can be referred to as "Flopping."

There are five types of sleds commonly used today: runner sleds, toboggans, disks, tubes and backcountry sleds.  Each type has advantages and disadvantages if one is trying to get the most out of a given slope.

With each course down the hill, the sled's path through the snow can become more icy.  Sleds with a greater surface area (anything but runner sleds) are able to make the first runs a great deal easier than the variety of sleds with metal runners.  Runner sleds are typically faster once the snow has compacted or turned icy.  In the 1880s, Samuel Leeds Allen invented the first steerable runner sled, the Flexible Flyer.  Since that date, the ability to steer the sled away from obstacles has led people to believe it to be more appropriate choice for the safety conscious. On the other hand, the hard wood or metal front section of steerable runner sleds is far more likely to cause serious injury if it strikes a person, or if the hands are caught between the steering mechanism and a solid object in a crash. Each year, around 30,000 children in the US are injured in sledding, with one in 25 injuries requiring hospitalization. In a majority of these serious cases, young children are riding runner sleds in a prone position, and suffer hand and finger injuries when they are caught under the runners or between the sled and another object. In addition, runner sleds force the weight of the rider onto two thin runners where the pressure causes a microscopic film of snow or ice to melt as the sled passes over it.  This invisible layer of fluid reduces friction, causing the sled's speed to greatly exceed that of its flat bottomed relatives.

With the control of a backcountry sled, stunts become possible. Sledding off cliffs and doing tricks off jumps is known as extreme sledding.

Competitive sledding

Sweden and Norway recorded some early Kicksled Races during the 15th century. The modern sport of sledding (Luge - Skeleton and Bobsledding) originated in St. Moritz, Switzerland in the mid-to-late 19th century when vacationing guests adapted delivery sleds for recreational purposes and from there, it quickly spread to Davos and other Swiss towns and villages.

Modern competitive sledding started in 1883 in Davos, Switzerland. An Australian student named George Robertson won what is reputed to be the world's first international sled race. He outraced 19 other competitors from England, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States on a four kilometre stretch of road from St. Wolfgang to the town of Klosters. Soon the Bobsleigh, Luge, and Skeleton were developed in succession. By mid-decade, Kulm Hotel owner Caspar Badrutt had the first run or course purpose built for the fledgling sport. The opening of formal competition for Luge was in 1883 and for Bobsleds in 1884 at St. Moritz. in 1926, the International Olympic Committee declared bobsleigh and skeleton as Olympic sports and adopted the rules of the St. Moritz run as the officially recognized Olympic rules. It was not until 2002, however, that skeleton itself was added permanently to the Olympic program with the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.

There are three Olympic sledding competitions. Bobsled:  Men's two and four-crew, Women's 2 crew. Luge: Men's singles, Men's doubles, Women's singles (Team Relay - Olympic discipline starting in 2014). Skeleton: Men's singles, Women's singles

Time line for key Competitive Sledding events

1883 - First international luge competition in Davos, Switzerland
1883 - First organized meeting for Luge and Skeleton at St. Moritz, Switzerland
1884 - St Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC) and Cresta Run founded in St. Moritz, Switzerland
1884 - First organized meeting for Bobsleds at St. Moritz, Switzerland
1897 - First bobsleigh club founded in St. Moritz, Switzerland
1904 - The Olympia Bobrun at St. Moritz, the first purpose built Bobsled track (Bobrun) built by Emil Thoma and the last remaining natural Bobrun of the world
1906 - First Skeleton competition outside of Switzerland (in Mürzzuschlag, Austria)
-- (Skeleton a Swiss competition only until 1906)
1913 - First International Sled Sports Federation founded in Dresden, Germany
-- (governed Bobsled, Luge and Skeleton until 1923 and Luge only until 1935)
1914 - First European Luge Championships at Liberec, Czech Republic
1923 - FITB (Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing) created for Bobsleigh and Skeleton in Paris, France
1924 - First appearance of bobsleigh competition at the I. Winter Olympics in Chamonix
1926 - Bobsleigh and Skeleton final approval for Olympic competition
1928 - First Bobsleigh and Skeleton appearance at the II. Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland
1930 - First FIBT World Championships (4-man Bobsled)
1932 - First two-man Bobsled competition at the III. Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, USA
1935 - Luge incorporated into the FIBT (Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing)
1948 - Bobsleigh and Skeleton 2nd appearance at the V. Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland
1954 - IOC determined that Luge would replace skeleton as a Winter Olympic discipline
1955 - First Luge World Championships in Oslo, Norway
1957 - International Luge Federation (FIL) founded
1964 - First Luge appearance at the IX. winter Olympics at Innsbruck, Austria
1969 - First artificially refrigerated track in at Königssee/Berchtesgaden, Germany
1984 - First Bobsleigh World Cup
1987 - First Skeleton European Championships
1989 - First Skeleton World Championships
2002 - Skeleton competition reintroduced for the XIX. Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, USA

See also
Ice blocking
Snowmobiling, or the genericized name of ski-dooing.
Hawaiian lava sledding
Extreme sledding

References

External links and notes

Video Footage of Traditional Rail Sleds Example of Traditional sleds on the world's longest lighted sled run.
Sled Riding Locations Across North America North America's largest database of sled riding hills.
Airboarding - A New Winter Sport Online article
Places to sled Find a hill (Resource tool)
Sledding locations Find sledding spots
Mad River Rocket backcountry sled official website.

Racing
Snow sports
Human-powered transport
Articles containing video clips

Sledding


Gradski park u Vrgorcu započeo se gaditi krajem 19. stoljeća, kao park zatvorenog tipa za izolaciju građanske elite od puka, da bi tek 1960. godine bio otvoren za javnost. Ispresijecan je brojnim puteljcima, stazama, stepenicama koji se, poštujući konfiguraciju terena, provlače između kamenih hridi, te na taj način oblikuju manja polja-insule. U vegetacijskom pogledu tipičan je submediteranski park. Usprkos višegodišnjoj ugroženosti, zapuštenosti, sačuvao je osnovni vanjski i unutarnji izgled te granice.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4475 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - kulturno-povijesna cjelina, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "baština vrtne arhitekture".

Izvori

Zaštićene uređene zelene površine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Građevine u Vrgorcu
Parkovi u Hrvatskoj

Gradski park u Vrgorcu