The 11th Airborne Division ("Arctic Angels") is a United States Army airborne formation based in Alaska.

First activated on 25 February 1943, during World War II, it was held in reserve in the United States until June 1944 when it was transferred to the Pacific Theater where it saw combat in the Philippines. On 30 August 1945 the division was sent to southern Japan as part of the occupation force where it remained for four years. One parachute infantry regiment was detached for service in the Korean War, but on 30 June 1958 the division was inactivated.

In the summer of 2022 the U.S. Army Alaska headquarters was redesignated as the 11th Airborne Division, and the two Brigade Combat Teams in Alaska, the 1st Brigade Combat Team and 4th Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division, were transferred to the 11th Airborne Division and redesignated as the 1st and 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the 11th Airborne Division.

World War II

Formation
Inspired by the pioneering German use of large-scale airborne formations during the Battle of France in 1940 and later the invasion of Crete in 1941, the various Allied powers decided to raise airborne units of their own. One of the resultant five American and two British airborne divisions, the 11th Airborne Division, was officially activated on 25 February 1943 at Camp Mackall in North Carolina, under the command of Major General Joseph Swing. As formed, the division consisted of the 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment, the 187th Glider Infantry Regiment and the 188th Glider Infantry Regiment, and with a complement of 8,321 men was around half the strength of a regular U.S. infantry division of World War II.

The division initially remained in the United States for training, which in common with all airborne units was extremely arduous to befit their elite status. Training included lengthy forced marches, simulated parachute landings from  towers, and practice jumps from transport aircraft; hesitancy in the doorway of an aircraft resulted in an automatic failure for the candidate. The washout rate was high, but there was never a shortage of candidates, especially because in American airborne units the rate of pay was much higher than that of an ordinary infantryman.

Before training was complete a debate developed in the U.S. Army over whether the best use of airborne forces was en masse or as small, compact units. On 9 July 1943, the first large-scale Allied airborne operation was carried out by elements of the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division and the British 1st Airborne Division in support of the Allied invasion of Sicily, code-named Operation Husky. The 11th Airborne Division commanding general, Swing, was temporarily transferred to act as airborne advisor to General Dwight D. Eisenhower for the operation and observed the airborne assault which went badly. The 82nd Airborne Division had been inserted by parachute and glider and had suffered high casualties, leading to a perception that it had failed to achieve many of its objectives.

Swing Board
Eisenhower reviewed the airborne role in Operation Husky and concluded that large-scale formations were too difficult to control in combat to be practical. Lieutenant General Lesley J. McNair, the overall commander of Army Ground Forces, had similar misgivings: once an airborne supporter, he had been greatly disappointed by the performance of airborne units in North Africa and more recently Sicily. However, other high-ranking officers, including the Army Chief of Staff George Marshall, believed otherwise. Marshall persuaded Eisenhower to set up a review board and to withhold judgement until the outcome of a large-scale maneuver, planned for December 1943, could be assessed.

When Swing returned to the United States to resume command of the 11th Airborne in mid-September 1943, he was given the role of preparing the exercise. McNair ordered him to form a committee—the Swing Board—composed of United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), parachute, glider infantry and artillery officers, whose arrangements for the maneuver would effectively decide the fate of divisional-sized airborne forces. As the 11th Airborne Division was in reserve in the United States and had not yet been earmarked for combat, the Swing Board selected it as the test formation. The maneuver would additionally provide the 11th Airborne and its individual units with further training, as had occurred several months previously in an earlier large-scale exercise conducted by the 101st
and the 82nd Airborne Divisions.

Knollwood Maneuver
The 11th Airborne, as the attacking force, was assigned the objective of capturing Knollwood Army Auxiliary Airfield near Fort Bragg in North Carolina. The force defending the airfield and its environs was a combat team composed of elements of the 17th Airborne Division and a battalion from the 541st Parachute Infantry Regiment. The entire operation was observed by McNair, who would ultimately have a significant say in deciding the fate of the parachute infantry divisions.

The Knollwood Maneuver took place on the night of 7 December 1943, with the 11th Airborne Division being airlifted to thirteen separate objectives by 200 C-47 Skytrain transport aircraft and 234 Waco CG-4A gliders. The transport aircraft were divided into four groups, two of which carried paratroopers while the other two towed gliders. Each group took off from a different airfield in the Carolinas. The four groups deployed a total of 4,800 troops in the first wave. Eighty-five percent were delivered to their targets without navigational error, and the airborne troops seized the Knollwood Army Auxiliary Airfield and secured the landing area for the rest of the division before daylight. With its initial objectives taken, the 11th Airborne Division then launched a coordinated ground attack against a reinforced infantry regiment and conducted several aerial resupply and casualty evacuation missions in coordination with USAAF transport aircraft. The exercise was judged by observers to be a great success. McNair, pleased by its results, attributed this success to the great improvements in airborne training that had been implemented in the months following Operation Husky. As a result of the Knollwood Maneuver, division-sized airborne forces were deemed to be feasible and Eisenhower permitted their retention.

Leyte

Following the Knollwood Maneuver the 11th Airborne remained in reserve until January 1944, when it was moved by train from Camp Mackall to Camp Polk in Louisiana. After four weeks of final preparation for its combat role, in April the division was moved to Camp Stoneman, California and then transferred to Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea, between 25 May and 11 June. From June to September the division underwent acclimatization and continued its airborne training, conducting parachute drops in the New Guinea jungle and around the airfield in Dobodura. During this period, most of the glider troops became parachute-qualified making the division almost fully airborne. On 11 November the division boarded a convoy of naval transports and was escorted to Leyte in the Philippines, arriving on 18 November. Four days later it was attached to XXIV Corps and committed to combat, but operating as an infantry division rather than in an airborne capacity. The 11th Airborne was ordered to relieve the 7th Infantry Division stationed in the Burauen-La Paz-Bugho area, engage and destroy all Japanese forces in its operational area, and protect XXIV Corps rear-area supply dumps and airfields.

Swing ordered the 187th Glider Infantry Regiment (GIR) to guard the rear installations of XXIV Corps, while the 188th GIR was to secure the division's rear and conduct aggressive patrols to eliminate any enemy troops in the area. The 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment (PIR) was assigned the task of destroying all Japanese formations in the division's operational area, which it began on 28 November when it relieved the 7th Infantry. The 511th PIR advanced overland with two battalions abreast and the third in reserve, but progress proved slow in the face of fierce Japanese resistance, a lack of mapped trails and heavy rainfall (with more than  falling in November alone). As the advance continued resupply became progressively more difficult; the division resorted to using large numbers of Piper Cub aircraft to drop food and ammunition. Several attempts were made to improve the rate of advance, such as dropping platoons of the 187th GIR from Piper Cubs in front of the 511th PIR to reconnoiter, and using C-47 transport aircraft to drop artillery pieces to the regiment's location when other forms of transport, such as mule-trains, failed.

On 6 December the Japanese tried to disrupt operations on Leyte by conducting two small-scale airborne raids. The first attempted to deploy a small number of Japanese airborne troops to occupy several key American-held airfields at Tacloban and Dulag, but failed when the three aircraft used were either shot-down, crash-landed or destroyed on the ground along with their passengers. The second, larger, raid was carried out by between 29 and 39 transport aircraft supported by fighters; despite heavy losses, the Japanese managed to drop a number of airborne troops around Burauen airfield, where the headquarters of 11th Airborne Division were located. Five L-5 Sentinel reconnaissance aircraft and one C-47 transport were destroyed, but the raiders were eliminated by an ad hoc combat group of artillerymen, engineers and support troops led by Swing.

The 511th PIR was reinforced by the 2nd Battalion, 187th GIR, and continued its slow but steady progress. On 17 December it broke through the Japanese lines and arrived at the western shoreline of Leyte, linking up with elements of the 32nd Infantry Division. It was during this period that Private Elmer E. Fryar earned a posthumous Medal of Honor when he helped to repel a counterattack, personally killing twenty-seven Japanese soldiers before being mortally wounded by a sniper. The regiment was ordered to set up temporary defensive positions before being relieved on 25 December by the 1st Batt., 187th GIR, and the 2nd Batt., 188th GIR, who would themselves incur considerable casualties against a heavily dug-in enemy. The 511th PIR was reassembled at its original base-camp in Leyte on 15 January 1945.

Luzon

On 22 January the division was placed on alert for an operation on the island of Luzon, to the north of Leyte. Five days later the 187th and 188th Glider Infantry Regiments were embarked for Luzon by sea, while the 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment flew by C-46 Commando transport aircraft to Mindoro. At dawn on 31 January the 188th GIR led an amphibious assault near Nasugbu, in southern Luzon. Supported by a short naval barrage, A-20 Havoc light bombers and P-38 Lightning fighter aircraft, a beach-head was established in the face of light Japanese resistance. The regiment moved rapidly to secure Nasugbu, after which its 1st Battalion advanced up the island's arterial Highway 17 to deny the Japanese time to establish defenses further inland. The 2nd Battalion moved south, crossing the River Lian and securing the division's right flank. By 10:30 elements of the 188th had pushed deep into southern Luzon, creating the space for the 187th GIR to come ashore. The 188th's 2nd Battalion was relieved and the regiment continued its advance, reaching the River Palico by 14:30 and securing a vital bridge before it could be destroyed by Japanese combat engineers.

Following Highway 17 to Tumalin, the regiment began to encounter heavier Japanese resistance. At midnight the 187th took over the lead and the two glider infantry regiments rested briefly before tackling the main Japanese defensive lines. These consisted of trenches linked to bunkers and fortified caves, and were manned by several hundred infantry with numerous artillery pieces in support. At 09:00 on 1 February the glider infantry launched their assault, and by midday had managed to break through the first Japanese position; they spent the rest of the day conducting mopping up operations. On the morning of 2 February the second line was breached, and by midnight the 188th had broken a third. The divisional reconnaissance platoon was now in the vicinity of Tagaytay Ridge, the intended site of the 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment's first combat drop.

The 511th's airborne operation had originally been scheduled for 2 February, but with Swing's insistence that the drop was only to go ahead if his ground forces were in range to offer support, the dogged Japanese resistance encountered delayed the operation. With only 48 C-47s available, the 511th was forced to deploy in three waves. The regimental staff, the 2nd Battalion and half of the 3rd Battalion would drop first, the rest of the regiment would arrive in the second lift, and the 457th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion would drop in the third.

At 03:00 on 3 February the troops of the first lift entered their transport planes, and at 07:00 the first transports left Mindoro. Protected by an escort of P-61 Black Widow night fighters, on arriving over Luzon they followed Highway 17 to Tagaytay Ridge. The ridge itself was an open space some  long and  wide, plowed in places, and had been largely cleared of Japanese troops by local Filipino soldiers and recognized guerrillas. At 08:15 the first echelon of the first lift, approximately 345 men, successfully parachuted into the drop zone. The second echelon, consisting of approximately 570 men, were dropped prematurely and landed about  to the east. The next lift also encountered problems, with 425 men dropping correctly but another 1,325 dropping early due to pilot error and poor jump discipline. However, the entire regiment was assembled within five hours of the first landings. After overcoming minor Japanese resistance, by 15:00 the 511th had made contact with the 188th and 187th, and the entire division was once again assembled as a single formation. The ridge having been cleared of its remaining defenders, the division began to advance towards Manila, with the national highway in Silang, Dasmarinas, Imus and Bacoor where cleared by Fil-American Cavite Guerilla Forces FACGF under General Mariano Castaneda and reaching the Paranaque River by 21:00. The city was protected by the Genko Line, a major Japanese defensive belt that stretched along Manila's southern edge. The line consisted of approximately 1,200 two- to three-story deep blockhouses, many of which emplaced naval guns or large-caliber mortars. Entrenched heavy anti-aircraft weapons, machine-gun nests and booby-traps made of naval bombs completed the defenses, which were manned by around 6,000 Japanese soldiers.

The 11th Airborne Division was ordered to breach the Genko Line and drive into Manila, where it would link up with other American forces attacking the city from the north. All three regiments were committed to the assault. During the advance on Manila, the division's Chief of Staff, Colonel Irvin R. Schimmelpfennig III, was killed by Japanese small arms fire on 4 February and posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. Spearheading the division's attack on 5 February, the 511th overcame fierce resistance and broke the crust of the Japanese position, but was soon relieved by the 188th. As the glider regiment took up the push westwards in the face of heavy opposition, the 511th changed their axis of advance and attempted to move into the city from the south. By 11 February, the division had penetrated as far as Nichols Field, an airfield that formed the center of the Genko Line. This was heavily fortified with a number of entrenched naval guns and a series of bunkers; after a short artillery bombardment on the morning of 12 February, the 187th's 2nd Battalion attacked the airfield's north-west corner while the 1st Battalion and the entire 188th regiment moved in from the south and south-eastern corners. This pincer movement succeeded in taking the airfield and, despite a local counter-attack, by nightfall the position was secured. The following day the division thrust towards Fort William McKinley, the headquarters of Rear Admiral Iwabuchi, commander of the Japanese defenders on Luzon. It was during this advance that Private First Class Manuel Perez Jr. neutralized several Japanese bunkers which were impeding the division's progress, capturing one single-handedly and killing eighteen Japanese soldiers. Perez was killed by a sniper a month later in South Luzon, and posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

On 15 February, the 1st Battalion of the 187th, alongside other American units, launched an attack on Mabato Point. This was an extremely heavily fortified position featuring the same defensive measures as the Genko Line, and it would take six days of hard fighting, multiple airstrikes, and the frequent use of napalm and heavy artillery, before the point was secured. Meanwhile, having taken heavy casualties on its approach to Fort McKinley—particularly when the Japanese detonated a quantity of buried naval depth charges—on 17 February the rest of the 11th Airborne Division assaulted the fort. The 511th led the break-in, and by 18 February the area had been cleared of its defenders. Sporadic fighting continued in Manila until 3 March, when all organized Japanese resistance ended. The commander of the 511th, Colonel Orin D. "Hard Rock" Haugen, died of shrapnel wounds sustained during the battle of Manila on 22 February.

Raid at Los Baños

A large number of civilian prisoners had been detained by the Japanese on Luzon, mostly in internment camps scattered throughout the island. The largest of these was located on the campus of the Agricultural College of the Philippines at Los Baños, some  south-east of Manila. General Douglas MacArthur had tasked the 11th Airborne Division with rescuing the Los Baños internees on 3 February, but the division's ongoing combat operations around the Genko Line left it unable to divert any resources at that time. All that could be accomplished during February was to gather information, primarily through liaison with the guerilla groups operating in Southern Luzon and around Los Baños. Swing and his command staff were briefed daily by the officer working with the guerilla groups, Major Vanderpool. From the guerillas and a few civilians that had escaped the camp, Vanderpool established that it was surrounded by two barbed-wire fences approximately six feet tall. Several guard towers and bunkers dotted its perimeter, each containing at least two guards. Prisoners left each morning under armed guard to gather food supplies and firewood from a nearby town. Vanderpool was informed that the camp's population consisted of American civilians in three distinct groups: Protestant missionaries and their families; Roman Catholic nuns and priests; and professional workers such as doctors and engineers, and their families. The latter group included several hundred women and children. While all the inmates appeared to be in good health, many had become weak from food rationing.

On 20 February, Swing was finally able to release sufficient troops for a raid on the Los Baños camp, and a four-phase plan was devised by Vanderpool and the divisional staff officers. The divisional reconnaissance platoon would travel across a nearby lake and move to the outskirts of the camp, securing a large adjacent field as the drop zone for a company of paratroopers. Having landed, the paratroopers would eliminate Japanese resistance in the area, secure the camp, and prepare for its evacuation. Fifty-four amphibious Amtracs would transport two additional companies of paratroopers to the lake shore, where a beachhead would be established while the Amtracs continued to the camp to evacuate its occupants. Simultaneously, a task force consisting of a reinforced infantry battalion, two battalions of heavy artillery and a tank destroyer battalion would advance down Highway 1 towards Los Baños to interdict any Japanese attempts to interfere.

Assisted by a group of guerrillas, on the night of 21 February the divisional reconnaissance platoon made their way to the lake and collected ten canoes. Despite navigational difficulties, the platoon came ashore near Los Baños at 02:00 the following morning, and after securing the paratroopers' drop zone, concealed themselves in the jungle near the camp. During the afternoon B Company of the 1st Battalion, 511th PIR was transferred to the airfield from which they would be deployed, while the rest of the battalion rendezvoused with the Amtrac convoy. At 07:00 on the morning of 23 February, B Company took off in ten C-47s, arriving over their drop zone shortly afterwards. As the first paratroopers landed, the reconnaissance platoon and the supporting guerilla fighters opened fire on the camp's defences, using Bazooka rounds to penetrate the concrete pillboxes, and then entered the camp to engage its garrison. The paratroopers soon joined the battle, and by 07:30 the Japanese guards had been overcome and the internees were being rounded up and readied for evacuation. At the lakeshore the 511th's other two companies had secured their beachhead, and the convoy of Amtracs reached the camp without incident. Priority during loading was given to the women, children and wounded; some of the able-bodied men walked alongside the Amtracs as they returned to the beach. The first evacuation convoy left the camp at approximately 10:00, with B Company, the reconnaissance platoon and the guerrillas remaining behind to provide a rearguard. By 11:30 all of the civilians had been evacuated, and at 13:00 the Amtrac convoy returned for the rearguard, with the last paratroopers leaving the beach at approximately 15:00. Meanwhile, on Highway 1, the taskforce that had been deployed to protect the operation met heavy Japanese resistance and suffered several casualties, but was able to block Japanese forces that advanced on the camp, before retreating back to American lines. The raid had been a complete success, liberating 2,147 civilians.

Southern Luzon and Aparri
On the day that the Los Baños internees were freed, the headquarters of Sixth United States Army assigned the 11th Airborne Division the task of destroying all Japanese formations in southern Luzon, south of Manila. The bulk of the division moved south the following day, with the 187th GIR and the 511th PIR advancing abreast. The 188th GIR was detached from the main advance by Swing; it was to eliminate all Japanese units still operating in the Pico de Loro hills along the southern shore of Manila Bay. These forces belonged to the 80,000-strong Shimbu Group, one of three groups of the Japanese Fourteenth Area Army under General Tomoyuki Yamashita. It would take until the end of April for the 11th Airborne Division—often acting in conjunction with Filipino soldiers, the recognized guerillas and elements of the 1st Cavalry Division—to subdue the Shimbu Group. Conducting combat operations was extremely difficult in the mountainous terrain, and many Japanese units elected to fight to the death rather than surrender. However, all organized resistance in southern Luzon ended on 1 May, when the division captured Mount Malepunyo near the city of Lipa. The 11th Airborne established a base centered around the former Japanese airstrip on the outskirts of Lipa, the runway of which was lengthened by the 127th Airborne Engineer Battalion to accommodate C-47s. Once the engineering work was completed, the division's combat troops participated in several refresher-training courses.

The 11th Airborne's next operation took place on 23 June in the province of Aparri in northern Luzon. By this time the only Japanese forces remaining on the island were positioned to the far north and belonged to the 52,000-strong Shobu Group. This last of General Yamashita's three groups proved to be the most tenacious, forcing Lieutenant-General Walter Krueger, commander of the Sixth United States Army, to commit four infantry divisions, an armored task force and a large band of the Filipino recognized guerrillas. While these forces pinned down the Japanese, the 37th Infantry Division began an advance northwards, defeating a weaker formation and encircling the main Japanese force. To ensure the success of the 37th's drive, Krueger called for an airborne force to land near Aparri and move southwards to meet the advancing 37th.

The 11th Airborne Division was to drop a battalion-sized combat team on Camalaniugan Airfield, approximately  south of Aparri. It would then advance southwards, eliminating all Japanese resistance, until it linked up with the leading elements of the 37th Infantry Division. To accomplish this Swing formed a special unit–Gypsy Task Force–comprising the 1st Battalion of the 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment, G and I Companies of the regiment's 2nd Battalion, an artillery battery from the 457th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion, and a platoon of engineers and miscellaneous signal and medical detachments. Gypsy Task Force would be transported by 54 C-47s and 13 C-46s aircraft, as well as six Waco CG-4A Gliders which would land jeeps and supplies for the task force. On 21 June, a detachment of pathfinders from the division was flown in to secure Camalaniugan Airfield, and two days later the transport aircraft carrying the troops of Gypsy Task Force were escorted by fighters to the area. At 09:00 the pathfinder detachment set off colored smoke to mark the drop-zone, but fierce winds and uneven ground around the airfield proved hazardous to the parachutists, causing two deaths and seventy injuries during the drop. Despite these casualties the force was rapidly concentrated, and began its advance southwards. Japanese resistance was stiff, forcing the airborne troops to rely on flamethrowers to eliminate bunkers and fortifications along their route. After three days of fighting and having eliminated a significant portion of Shobu Group, the task force encountered the lead elements of the 37th Infantry Division. Although Shobu Group would continue its resistance until September, its encirclement marked the 11th Airborne Division's final combat operation of the war.

Casualties
Total battle casualties: 2,431
Killed in action: 494
Died of wounds and injuries: 120
Wounded in action: 1,926
Missing in action: 11

Awards
During World War II the division and its members were awarded the following awards:

 Distinguished Unit Citations: 13
 Medal of Honor: 2
 Private Elmer E. Fryar(KIA)
 Private First Class Manuel Perez Jr.(KIA)
 Distinguished Service Cross: 9
 Silver Star: 432
 Legion of Merit: 10
 Soldier's Medal: 56
 Bronze Star Medal: 1,515
 Air Medal: 41

Post-World War II

Occupation of Japan

MacArthur made plans to use the 11th Airborne Division in the invasion of Japan; it was to remain as Sixth Army's operational reserve, to be committed if required. However, with the end of hostilities in the Pacific Theater due to the surrender of Japan, the division was instead selected by MacArthur to lead the American forces that would occupy Japan. The divisional staff received orders to this effect on 11 August 1945, and the division was transported to Okinawa on 12 August; an operation that involved 99 B-24 Liberator bombers, 350 C-46s and 150 C-47s to airlift 11,100 men, 120 vehicles and approximately 1.16 million pounds (530,000 kg) of equipment. The 11th Airborne remained on Okinawa for several weeks before, on 28 August, it was ordered to land at Atsugi Airfield outside of Yokohama, on the main Japanese home island of Honshū. Its instructions were to secure the surrounding area, evacuate all Japanese civilians and military personnel within a radius of , and finally occupy Yokohama itself. A large number of C-54 Skymaster transport aircraft were made available, with the first—carrying Swing and his divisional staff—landing at Atsugi Airfield at 06:00 on 30 August. It took a week to fully assemble the division, and by 13 September it had been joined by the 27th Infantry Division, which was airlifted into Japan at the same time. The 11th Airborne Division was later moved from Yokohama to northern Japan, and established camps along the coast of Honshu and on the island of Hokkaido.

Occupation duties in Japan continued until May 1949, when the 11th Airborne was relieved and recalled to the United States. The division was transferred to Camp Campbell in Kentucky and remained a combat formation ready to deploy worldwide. During the early 1950's, the Angels conducted several large scale training operations in Alaska, such as Exercise Snowbird. Angels descended near Mt. McKinley on the first day from C-119s over the arctic region.  Inactivated at Camp Anza, California, in December 1945, it was reactivated and redesignated as the 503rd Airborne Infantry Regiment in February 1951 and assigned to the 11th Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, following the departure of the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment to Korea as a separate airborne regimental combat team. In 1956 the 503rd went with the rest of the 11th Airborne Division to posts in southeastern Germany.

Korean War

Training continued until the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. For service in Korea, the 187th Glider Infantry Regiment—now renamed the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment—and the 674th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion were detached from the division and re-formed as a separate Regimental Combat Team (RCT). The 187th made successful combat parachute assaults near the towns of Sukchon and Sunchon, north of the North Korean capital of Pyongyang, as part of the Battle of Yongju. The published purpose of that drop was to capture members of the North Korean Government fleeing Pyongyang and also to free American POWs being moved towards the Chinese border, however, neither objective was realized. The regiment later fought against North Korean and Chinese forces at Suan, Wonju, Kaesong, Munsan-ni, and Inje. During the winter of 1950, the 187th was caught up in the Chinese "Second Phase Offensive" and fought in the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River. The 187th led the last parachute assault in Korea on 23 March 1951 as part of Operation Tomahawk and took part in the UN May–June 1951 counteroffensive. It redeployed to Japan on 26 June 1951 where it became a strategic reserve but returned to Korea on 24 May 1952 to assist in the suppression of the prisoner rebellion at the Geoje POW Camp, where prisoners had forcibly seized and held Brigadier General Francis Dodd, camp commandant, hostage for four days from 7 May 1952. After this, it once more returned to Japan on 18 October 1952 and made its final return to Korea on 22 June 1953. The unit returned to the United States in July 1955.

Four members of the 187th were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions in the Korean War: Corporal Lester Hammond, Jr.(KIA), Corporal Rodolfo P. Hernandez(WIA), Corporal Joe R. Baldonado(KIA) and Private First Class Richard G. Wilson(KIA).

Operation Gyroscope and First inactivation

The 11th Airborne Division was sent to Germany in early 1956 as part of Operation Gyroscope, to replace the 5th Infantry Division stationed in Augsburg and Munich. As the division was en route, the 187th RCT was relocated to Fort Campbell, taking over the camps that the 11th had recently vacated. In July that year the 187th, along with the 508th ARC, was transferred to the newly reactivated 101st Airborne Division.

As the American Army began to restructure its organization (known as the Pentomic Concept), the battalions of the 187th were reorganized as Airborne Battle Groups. In early 1957 the lineage of Company A, 187th AIR was redesignated as HHC, 1st Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry and administratively transferred (less personnel and equipment) to Augsburg to join its former parent formation, where it was formed from the existing personnel and equipment of the 11th Airborne Division. HHC, 2d Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry, formed from the lineage of Company B, 187th AIR remained with the 101st until 1964 while the 3d Battalion was inactivated. The 11th Division was itself inactivated in Augsburg on 1 July 1958, being reorganized and reflagged as the 24th Infantry Division. The 1st ABG, 187th Infantry and the 1st ABG, 503d Infantry, retained their Airborne designations and jump status within the 24th until both groups rotated back to the US for assignment to the 82d Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, NC.

11th Air Assault Division (Test)

In 1960, Lt. General Gordon B. Rogers chaired the Army Aircraft Requirements Review Board. It recommended selection of the UH-1 Huey and CH-47 Chinook helicopters as primary airlift capability for the U.S. Army. The board also recommended that an operational use study be considered and mentioned the possibility of creating a unit to test operational concepts. Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara Lt. Gen. Hamilton H. Howze, the Army's first director of aviation, to implement the study. McNamara handpicked the board members and prevented Secretary of the Army Elvis Jacob Stahr Jr., in what many considered a slap in the face, from nominating anyone.

The Howze Board released its findings on August 20, 1962. It proposed huge changes in Army doctrine:

To test the concept of helicopter assault, the 11th Airborne Division was reactivated at Fort Benning on 1 February 1963 and redesignated as the 11th Air Assault Division (Test) as a unit of the Regular Army. The 10th Air Transport Brigade was formed around an existing aviation battalion at Fort Benning to manage and fly the helicopters assigned to the division. The 11th Aviation Group was created, consisting of the 227th, 228th, and 229th Aviation Battalions. Elements of its original combat units, the 187th Infantry, the 188th Infantry and the 511th Infantry, were reformed under the new division. The group also included the 11th Aviation Company (General Support), 17th Aviation Company (Airmobile Light), and 478th Aviation Company (Heavy Helicopter).

Under the leadership of Major General Charles W. G. Rich, the Test Director, and Brigadier General Harry W. O. Kinnard, the Division Commander, the group developed a organizational structure and plans for a unit that could move one-third of the division's infantry battalions and supporting units in one single helicopter lift.

The 11th Air Assault Division developed and refined air assault tactics and the equipment required to operate effectively in the role. The 187th and 188th tested helicopters during various exercises, ranging from command and control maneuvers to scouting, screening and aerial resupply, to assess their ability to perform as combat aircraft.  In September 1963, Air Assault I exercises tested the Airmobility concept at the battalion level at Fort Stewart in Georgia. Air Assault II, a much larger exercise, was conducted across two states in October 1964. The 11th Air Assault Division operated against the 82nd Airborne Division  and the 11th thoroughly dominated the exercise. The 11th was not constituted as a full division during the test period. Although the intent was to create three air assault brigades, the test division included an air assault brigade (which was also parachute-qualified), an airmobile brigade, and both ground and a new air artillery element provided by helicopters known as ARA.

When the test was concluded, the assets of the 11th Air Assault Division (Test), the 10th Air Transport Brigade, and the 2nd Infantry Division were merged into a single unit.  On 29 June 1965, the colors and subordinate unit designations of the 1st Cavalry Division were transferred from its post in Korea to Fort Benning. On 3 July 1965, the 11th Air Assault Division (Test) was inactivated and its colors cased. The 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) colors were moved onto the field at in Doughboy Stadium and passed to the commander of the former 11th Air Assault Division, Major General Kinnard. At the same time the personnel and units of the 1st Cavalry Division that remained in Korea were reflagged as a new 2nd Infantry Division. On 29 July 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) to Vietnam.

Air Assault Badge

An earlier predecessor to the current Air Assault Badge, the original Air Assault Badge was worn by troops of 11th who qualified for it by making three helicopter rappels from  and three from . Soldiers were also required to be knowledgeable of aircraft safety procedures; familiar with aircraft orientation; proficient in hand and arm signals and combat assault operations; able to prepare, inspect and rig equipment for external sling loads; and able to lash down equipment inside helicopters. The badge was first awarded in early 1964 and was authorized for wear by soldiers within the 11th Air Assault Division (Test).

Twenty-first century
On 5 May 2022, during a hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Army Secretary Christine Wormuth and Army Chief of Staff General James McConville announced that U.S. Army Alaska would be reflagged as the 11th Airborne Division. According to Wormuth and McConville, the goals of the redesignation are to give the Alaska based forces a better sense of purpose and identity during a time of a spike in suicides. The redesignation is also meant to give a focus to the Army's Arctic strategy. U.S. Senator Dan Sullivan of Alaska said "This is a historic development for our Alaska-based military, redesignating U.S. Army Alaska under the 11th Airborne Division banner presents a dual opportunity for our country—renewing the spirit and purpose of our Alaska-based soldiers by connecting them with this division's proud and storied history, and better fulfilling America's role as an Arctic nation." Major General Brian S. Eifler, the 11th Airborne Division's commanding general, has shared with the press the basic outline of the division stating, "There's no other formation that's going to look like it, nor have the same mission."

On June 6, 2022, during separate ceremonies, the 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team and 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division were reflagged to the 1st Infantry Brigade Combat Team and 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 11th Airborne Division respectively. All units from the former U.S. Army Alaska were absorbed under the new division. It was also announced that the 1st Infantry Brigade would divest its Strykers. Following these changes, the brigade would test several new vehicles to include the Cold-Weather All-Terrain Vehicle (CATV) to replace the former Strykers. The division's 2nd Brigade would remain largely unchanged.

According to MG Eifler, the division will take time to be fully realized, but force structure currently consists of the following units:

 11th Airborne Division "Arctic Angels"
  Headquarters and Headquarters Company
  11th Airborne Division Band
  Northern Warfare Training Center
  Non-Commissioned Officer's Academy
  1st Infantry Brigade Combat Team "Arctic Wolves" located at Fort Wainwright, Alaska
  Headquarters and Headquarters Company "Dire Wolves"
  5th Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment, Reconnaissance Surveillance and Target Acquisition "Blackhawk"
  1st Battalion, 5th Infantry Regiment "Bobcat"
  1st Battalion, 24th Infantry Regiment "Legion"
  2nd Battalion, 8th Field Artillery Regiment "Automatic"
  70th Brigade Engineer Battalion "Kodiak"
  25th Brigade Support Battalion "Opahey"
  2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Airborne) (A) "Spartans" located at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska
  Headquarters and Headquarters Company
  1st Squadron, 40th Cavalry Regiment "Denali"
  1st Battalion, 501st Infantry Regiment
  3rd Battalion, 509th Infantry Regiment
  2nd Battalion, 377th Field Artillery Regiment
  6th Brigade Engineer Battalion "Oak"
  725th Brigade Support Battalion "Centurion"
  17th Combat Support Sustainment Battalion
Aviation Task Force, 11th Airborne Division located at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska
  1st Battalion, 25th Aviation Regiment (Attack Reconnaissance)
  1st Battalion, 52nd Aviation Regiment (General Support)

Along with the reactivation of the 11th Airborne Division, on 25 April 2022 the G-1 of the U.S. Army authorized the wear of the Arctic Tab by soldiers assigned to organizations in Alaska as a temporary wear tab with specific SSIs.  This means 11th Airborne Division soldiers will be the first U.S. Army unit to be authorized two unit designation tabs with their SSI, the Airborne Tab and Arctic Tab.

Previous commanders
Division Activated February 1943
Joseph M. Swing February 1943 - January 1948
William Miley January 1948 - January 1950
Lyman L. Lemnitzer January 1950 - November 1951
Wayne C. Smith November 1951 - January 1952
Ridgely Gaither January 1952 - April 1953
Wayne C. Smith April 1953 - May 1955
Derrill McDaniel May 1955 - September 1956
Hugh P. Harris October 1956 - April 1958
Ralph Cooper May 1958 - June 1958
Division Inactivated June 1958

Division Reactivated as Air Assault Testing Division
Harry W.O. Kinnard 1963 - 1965

Notable members
 Rod Serling, former 11th Airborne Division paratrooper and creator of The Twilight Zone TV series.
 Lauri Törni, aka Major Larry Thorne, a former 11th Airborne Division soldier who was killed on a 1965 covert MACV-SOG mission in Vietnam.
 Darwin Gross (1928–2008) former 11th Airborne Division soldier who was a former leader of Eckankar
 Vernon Baker, former 11th Airborne Division soldier who fought in WW2 with the 92nd Infantry Division recipient of the Medal of Honor
 Charles Napier (actor)
After graduating from high school, he enlisted in the United States Army in 1954, serving with the 511th Infantry Regiment 11th Airborne Division and rising to the rank of sergeant.
Notable roles include Something Wild (1986), Married to the Mob (1988), The Silence of the Lambs (1991), Philadelphia (1993), Beloved (1998), and The Manchurian Candidate (2004). Other notable roles include the short-tempered country singer Tucker McElroy in The Blues Brothers, gruff army Commander Gilmour in Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, and bureaucratic CIA officer Marshall Murdock in Rambo: First Blood Part II.

Footnotes

References

External links

011th Airborne Division, U.S.
Airborne Division, U.S. 011th
Military units and formations established in 1943
Military units and formations disestablished in 1965

11th Airborne Division


Råsted Kirke ligger lige nord for landsbyen Råsted i Idom-Råsted Sogn, Holstebro Kommune (Viborg Stift), tæt på Lilleå.

Bygning og inventar
Skibet og koret er opført i kvadre i romansk stil. Tårnet og våbenhuset er hvidkalkede.

Altertavlen er fra 2012 og udført af Paul M. Cederdorff. Motivet er den opståede Jesus på en blå baggrund.

Historie
Råsted Kirke stammer fra 1100-tallet, idet dog tårnet og våbenhuset er bygget til senere, omkring 1490.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Råsted Kirke hos KortTilKirken.dk

Kirker i Holstebro Kommune
Kirker i Viborg Stift

Råsted Kirke (Holstebro Kommune)


Káto Vasilikí, en , est un village côtier du dème de Naupactie, district régional d'Étolie-Acarnanie, en Grèce-Occidentale.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du village s'élève à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Village en Grèce-Occidentale
Étolie-Acarnanie

Káto Vasilikí


Das Amt Premnitz mit Sitz in der Stadt Premnitz war ein  von 1992 bis 2003 existierendes Amt zunächst im Kreis Rathenow, ab 1993 im Landkreis Havelland (Brandenburg), in dem zwei Gemeinden und die Stadt Premnitz zu einem Verwaltungsverbund zusammengeschlossen waren. Im Zuge der Gemeindereform wurden die amtsangehörigen Gemeinden 2002 und 2003 in die Stadt Premnitz eingegliedert und das Amt 2003 aufgelöst.

Geographie
Das Amt Premnitz lag im südöstlichen Teil des damaligen Kreises Rathenow. Es grenzte im Norden an das Amt Rathenow, im Osten an das Amt Nennhausen und das Amt Beetzsee, im und Westen Süden an das Amt Milow.

Geschichte
Am 13. Juli 1992 erteilte der Minister des Innern des Landes Brandenburg seine Zustimmung zur Bildung des Amtes Premnitz. Als Zeitpunkt des Zustandekommens des Amtes wurde der 21. Juli 1992 festgelegt. Die Zustimmung war zunächst bis zum 21. Juli 1994 befristet. Das Amt hatte seinen Sitz in der Stadt Premnitz und bestand aus drei Gemeinden im damaligen Kreis Rathenow:
 Döberitz
 Mögelin und der Stadt
 Premnitz

Die Befristung wurde ab dem 11. Juli 1994 aufgehoben. Zum 31. Dezember 2002 wurde Mögelin in die Stadt Premnitz eingegliedert. Zum 26. Oktober 2003 wurde die Gemeinde Döberitz per Gesetz in die Stadt Premnitz eingegliedert. Das Amt Premnitz wurde aufgelöst, die Stadt Premnitz wurde amtsfrei. Die Gemeinde Döberitz legte Kommunalverfassungsbeschwerde beim Verfassungsgericht des Landes Brandenburg gegen die Eingemeindung in die Stadt Premnitz ein, die aber wird "teils verworfen, im übrigen zurückgewiesen" wurde.

Amtsdirektor
Letzter Amtsdirektor und zugleich Bürgermeister von Premnitz war Roy Wallenta; er wurde nach Auflösung des Amtes Premnitz wieder zum Bürgermeister der Stadt Premnitz gewählt.

Belege

Premnitz
Premnitz

Amt Premnitz


Karina şu anlamlara gelebilir:

Kişiler

Ön ad
 Karina (isim) - Avrupa ve Amerika'da kullanılan bir kadın adı.
 Karina (şarkıcı) - İspanyol şarkıcı.
 Ana Karina Anez Delgado
 Karina Bagration-Moukhransky
 Karina Berger
 Karina Beteta
 Karina Gauvin
 Karina Habsudova
 Karina Jett
 Karina Lombard - Film oyuncusu.
 Karina Mikelis

Soyadı
 Anna Karina

Diğer
 Karina Takımyıldızı
 Karina (VTA) - ABD'de bir hafif raylı sistem.
 Karina les paul - Güney Kore'de üretilen bir elektro-gitar.
 Karina (anatomi) - 2 primer bronşun trakeadan ayrıldığı yerdeki, boylamasına bir kabarıklık ya da çıkıntı bulunan anatomik yapı.

Karina


Deniz Baykal (født 20 juli 1938, død 11. februar 2023) var en tyrkisk politiker fra det Republikanske Folkeparti(CHP). Han var minister og partiformand for CHP tre gange. Han sad i parlamentet i perioderne 1973 til 1980 og 1987 til 1999 og igen fra 2002. Han var også vicepræsident i Socialistisk Internationale mellem 2003 og 2008.

Politikere fra Tyrkiet

Deniz Baykal


est le huitième album studio de Rammstein. Il sort le  sur le label Universal Music et est produit par Olsen Involtini et le groupe.

Historique
Alors que le groupe a fini de composer son septième album officieusement intitulé Rammstein, 16 chansons sont alors finalisées, mais par manque de temps, ainsi que pour respecter leur habitude de ne sortir que 11 chansons par album, 5 sont alors mises à l'écart. Avant la sortie de Rammstein, Till Lindemann annonce que les chansons retirées figureront sur un nouvel album à venir.

Alors que le groupe est parti en tournée mondiale, la pandémie de Covid-19 l'oblige à l'interrompre. Christoph Schneider annonce que Rammstein va profiter de cette coupure pour continuer à composer et finir les chansons restantes, ainsi que mettre en œuvre les idées de chansons qu'ils avaient.

C'est en septembre 2020 que le groupe entre aux studios La Fabrique, à Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, où le septième album fut également enregistré. En février 2021, Flake annonce officiellement qu'un album sortira, en dévoilant la raison et les inspirations, qui sont notamment la folie des gens, ou encore Donald Trump.

Le 10 mars 2022 sort Zeit (« temps » en allemand), premier single issu de l'album, et le groupe surprend tout le monde, puisqu'il s'agit de la ballade de l'album. Zeit est également annoncé comme nom pour l'album, qui sortira le 29 avril 2022 sous 6 formats différents. La pochette de l'album montre le groupe en train de descendre le , un bâtiment technique issu de la recherche aéronautique construit entre 1934 et 1936.

Sur Spotify, la liste des titres est présente, mais seule le titre Zeit est connu, les autres sont notés Track, suivi du numéro de position dans l'album, et seront dévoilés ultérieurement. L'album contiendra, comme d'habitude, 11 chansons, et la troisième est indiquée comme contenant des « paroles explicites ». C'est le 21 mars que la tracklist est dévoilée de manière accidentelle par la filiale Mexicaine d'Universal Music Group.

La tracklist est dévoilée officiellement fin mars 2022 sous forme d'un jeu de piste, où le groupe a caché 11 capsules à travers le monde, où un code sera à rentrer sur le site officiel du groupe pour débloquer la tracklist.

Le 7 avril 2022, le groupe sort le deuxième single Zick Zack. La chanson dénonce, non sans humour, les abus de la chirurgie esthétique, en représentant dans le clip les membres du groupe retouchés au botox de manière abusive. La chanson sortira en physique accompagnée d'un magazine de 32 pages.

Le 21 avril 2022, le groupe annonce que l'album sortira dans certains cinémas en qualité "Dolby Atmos" pour le 28 avril 2022, et sortira le clip de la chanson Angst. Le clip sortira le 29 avril 2022, le jour de la sortie de l'album.

Le 25 mai 2022, le groupe sort le clip de la chanson Dicke Titten. Un single avec un remix seront disponibles le 15 juillet 2022.

Paroles et thèmes abordés
Comme à son habitude, Till Lindemann pioche dans ses recueils de poèmes pour certaines chansons. Ainsi, les paroles de la chanson Armee der Tristen sont prises dans  de son livre , les chansons Schwarz et Angst proviendraient des poèmes du même nom issus de , et la chanson Zick Zack provient de  issus également de .

Par la suite, Paul Landers avouera que les paroles sont inspirées d'expériences personnelles des membres du groupe, et dira aussi qu'ils ont hésité à mettre la chanson Ramm4, issue des compositions du  album et jouée sur les tournées estivales de 2016 et de 2017, mais qui finalement n'en fait pas partie car il a été décidé de la sortir à l'occasion de la sortie d'un documentaire en 4 parties retraçant l'histoire du groupe et qui sortira sur Amazon Prime.

Caractéristiques musicales
Comme pour le 7ème album, Zeit retrace les sonorités des anciens albums tout en y apportant de la nouveauté. Ainsi, la douceur amère et la puissance des chansons Zeit, Schwarz, Lügen et Adieu évoquent la période Reise, Reise et Rosenrot ; le côté dansant de Zick Zack, ainsi que la partie criée de Angst rappellent l'album Rammstein ; le côté burlesque accompagné de gros riffs de guitare de Dicke Titten, ou encore la violence avec les paroles explicites de OK rappellent l'album Liebe ist für alle da ; le côté indus avec les gros riffs froids accompagnés de l'électro de Giftig rappellent l'album Sehnsucht ; la puissance de Angst ramène à Mutter, tout comme la chanson Meine Tränen directement inspirée de la chanson éponyme. Enfin la chanson Armee der Tristen retrace tous les styles visités par le groupe : de l'électro sur les couplets, un refrain en deux temps avec une partie plus organique des périodes Reise Reise et Rosenrot, et la deuxième partie, plus dans le style militaire des premiers albums. Mais malgré tout, l'album possède son lot de nouvelles sonorités ; ainsi, il y a de l'autotune sur Lügen, de la musique festive style Oktoberfest sur Dicke Titten, un gros breakdown sur OK, et enfin du piano sur Zeit, Schwarz et Adieu.

Liste des titres

Classements
Classements

Certifications

Distinctions

Références

Liens externes

Album de Rammstein
Album musical sorti en 2022
Album numéro un au UK Rock and Metal Chart
Album numéro un aux Pays-Bas
Album numéro un en Allemagne
Album numéro un en Autriche
Album numéro un en Belgique
Album numéro un au Danemark
Album numéro un en Finlande
Album numéro un en France
Album numéro un en Norvège
Album numéro un en Suède
Album numéro un en Suisse
Album certifié disque d'or en Allemagne
Album certifié disque d'or en Autriche
Album certifié disque d'or en France
Album certifié disque d'or en Pologne
Album certifié disque de platine en Suisse

Zeit (album de Rammstein)


Stan Darling (-) est un homme politique canadien de l'Ontario. Il est député fédéral progressiste-conservateur de la circonscription ontarienne de Parry Sound—Muskoka de 1972 à 1993.

Biographie
Né à  en Ontario, Darling s'installe à  et fonde la Stan Darling Insurance Inc. en 1938. Élu au conseil municipal de Burk's Falls en 1942, il y siège comme conseiller pendant 4 ans et comme préfet (reeve) pendant 26 ans.

Candidat défait en 1953, il est élu en 1972. Il est réélu à cinq reprises en 1974, 1979, 1980, 1984 et 1988.

Ses mémoires, The Darling diaries: Memoirs of a Political Career, sont écrites par Beth Stanley et publiée en 1995 (Dundurn Press, ).

En 2000, il reçoit le Prix du service distingué de l', prix remis à un ancien parlementaire qui a apporté une contribution exceptionnelle au pays et à ses institutions démocratiques.

Résultats électoraux

Références
Stan Darling - Chambre des communes du Canada

Naissance en juillet 1911
Député fédéral canadien provenant de l'Ontario
Député du Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada
Conseillers municipaux ontariens
Décès en avril 2004
Décès à 92 ans

Stan Darling


බ්රේල් ඔරලෝසුවක් යනු දෘශ්‍යාබාධිත බවට පත් අයවළුන් විසින් වේලාව කියවීම සඳහා භාවිතා කෙරෙන තැන තැන ගෙන යෑ හැකි අත් ඔරලෝසුවකි. එය භාවිතා කෙරෙනුයේ ඔරලෝසු මුහුණත ස්පර්ශ කිරීමෙන් පිටත නෙරා ඇති කොටස් පිළිබඳ අවබෝධයක් ලබා ගැනීමෙනි. ඇනලොග් හා ඩිජිටල් යන දෙයාකාරයෙහිම ඔරලෝසු පවතිති. ඇනලොග් ආකාරයෙහි ඔරලෝසුව ආවරණය වන පරිදී වීදුරු හෝ ක්‍රිස්ටල් හෝ සුරක්ෂිත වැස්මක් ඇති අතර වේලාව කියවීම අවශ්‍ය වූ විටෙක මෙය ඉහළට එසවීම කරනු ලැබේ. ඔරලෝසු-කටු නිර්මාණය කර ඇත්තේ අන්ධ තැනැත්තා විසින්  ඒවායේ පිහිටීම නිරික්ෂණය කිරීමට ස්පර්ශ කල විට ඒවායේ චලනයට බාධා ඇති නොවන පරිදීය.

ඩිජිටල් ආකාරයේදී, වේලාව වෙනස් වන විට ( බ්රේල් අක්ෂර මෙන්) තිත් වල පිහිටීම වෙනස් වෙයි. මෙම ආකාරයේදී, මෙවැනි අත් ඔරලෝසු භාවිතා තිරීමට යමෙකු බ්රේල් හෝඩිය දැන සිටිය යුතුයි.

වර්තමානයෙහි, බොත්තමක් එබූ පමණින් වේලාව පවසන, ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික්  කථන අත් ඔරලෝසු, අන්ධ ජනයා අතර බෙහෙවින් ජනප්‍රියව පවතියි.

අත් ඔරලෝසු
අන්ධභාව උපකරණ
බ්රේල් තාක්ෂණය

බ්රේල් ඔරලෝසුව


The Korea Times () is the oldest daily English-language newspaper in South Korea. It is a sister paper of the Hankook Ilbo, a major Korean language daily; both are owned by Dongwha Enterprise, a wood-based manufacturer. Since the late 1950s, it had been published by the Hankook Ilbo Media Group, but following an embezzlement scandal in 2013–2014 it was sold to Dongwha Group, which also acquired Hankook Ilbo. The president-publisher of The Korea Times is Oh Young-jin.

Former Korean President Kim Dae-jung famously taught himself English by reading The Korea Times.

Newspaper headquarters
The newspaper's headquarters is located in the same building with Hankook Ilbo on Sejong-daero between Sungnyemun and Seoul Station in Seoul, South Korea. The publication also hosts major operations in New York City and Los Angeles.

History

The Korea Times was founded by Helen Kim five months into the 1950-53 Korean War. The first issue on November 1 was a two-page tabloid. It was printed six days a week, skipping Mondays, and cost 100 won. Kim set out to start the paper in 1949 when she became president of Ewha Womans University, and the initial editorial team came from Ewha's English literature professors.

Publication began in Seoul after United Nations forces retook Seoul following the Second Battle of Seoul but moved to Busan on January 3, 1951, during the Third Battle of Seoul, with members of the editorial staff leaving Seoul on the last train before Chinese forces took the capital. Prior to leaving the city, a group of five staffers went to Mugyo-dong for food and drink, where they were nearly shot by young South Korean military police who demanded to see their IDs and asked "Why do you all make a fuss with drinking in this emergency time?" Prior to evacuation, the paper's editorial office was in the fourth floor of the "fire-gutted" Capitol building, and printing was done at a shop in Bongnae-dong. Publication resumed after 15 days after relocating to Busan, the headlines were handwritten.

The paper maintained close relations with the Syngman Rhee administration, but began to criticize the president due to his interference in its publication. On April 23, 1954, the paper was acquired by Chang Key-young, then president of the Chosun Ilbo and later founder of the Hankook Ilbo.

On September 26, 1958, The Korea Times managing editor Choi Byung-woo died at age 34, becoming the first Korean war correspondent to die while on duty. A boat carrying Choi and other foreign correspondents covering the Communist Chinese bombing of the Nationalist-led Quemoy and Matsu islands capsized. The Korea Times and the Hankook Ilbo held a memorial service for Choi at Kyonggi High School, his alma mater, on October 11, 1958. The service was attended by hundreds of mourners. Choi was the main inspiration for the founding of the Kwanhun Club, a fraternity of senior journalists. Choi also played a leading role in the designation of April 7 as "Newspaper Day," which is observed by Korean journalists to this day.

On Tuesday, February 27, 1968, a fire completely gutted the main office of The Korea Times and its sister papers in Junghak-dong, Jongno-gu, downtown Seoul, killing seven workers and injuring three others. After the fire, The Korea Times managed to publish an abbreviated edition on February 28. During the restoration period, a number of readers and foreign organizations, including the American Embassy and the U.S. Operations Mission (a U.S. aid mission), either loaned or donated typewriters to The Korea Times. The newspaper took refuge in a nearby office in Chungmuro, where production was performed for years.

The paper published its first color image on Christmas Day 1968, showing a four-color picture of a YMCA choir singing a Christmas carol. It converted from hot metal typesetting to a Cold Type System of phototypesetting on its 34th anniversary on November 1, 1984.

The Korea Times published the official Olympic newspaper named The Seoul Olympian for the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Notable columns
In 1968, the "Thoughts of the Times" column debuted, providing column space for members of the community. The first column was by Helen Kim. Over the years, the column has produced highly controversial articles.

The column "Scouting the City" ran from 1964 to December 1974, covering numerous controversial topics and criticizing others, including the United States Forces Korea. Under the penname Alf Racketts, the column was really by newspaper staffer James Wade. The author Ahn Junghyo wrote a column in the 1960s and 1970s.

Notable columnists today include Donald Kirk, Michael Breen and Emanuel Pastreich. Detective novelist Martin Limón has also contributed a few articles.

Controversy

Twice in history, The Korea Times managing editors have been detained over the "Thoughts of the Times" column. Managing editor Henry Chang published "Definition of a Gambler" under the penname "Hensync" on July 30, 1958, leading to his imprisonment for 16 days under sedition charges.

On June 11, 1973, Bernard Wideman wrote a satirical article in response to a Time article on Japanese tourists and kisaeng, he put forth outrageous proposals governing the control of women. In response, Orianna West, an American housewife living in Seoul, wrote a response piece calling for the subjugation and exploitation of Korean boys. In response, local newspapers reprinted translations of the satirical articles, criticizing the foreigners. Managing editor Chang Soon-il was taken to the intelligence authorities in response.

On December 25, 2009, columnist Michael Breen contributed a satirical column lampooning various South Korean public figures, including President Lee Myung-bak, singer Rain, and Samsung. The column imagined what public figures would want to send as Christmas gifts. He suggested Samsung would send pictures of Samsung Chairman Lee Kun-hee's son Lee Jae-yong with instructions to hang it next to the picture of the chairman, an allusion to North Korea's cult of personality. He also suggested the company would send Christmas cards to politicians, prosecutors and journalists with $50,000 gift certificates. Displeased with Breen's allusions to their corruption and arrogance, Samsung filed civil and criminal suits against him and the paper for libel. After an apology and after Breen told prosecutors during interrogation that the column was his own idea, the paper was dropped as a respondent, but the suit against Breen himself remained. One South Korean media outlet claimed that the entire column was an insult to the country of South Korea itself. Samsung dropped the civil suit after an apology by Breen. The criminal case went to trial but was thrown out by the judge on the grounds that there was "no victim."

On September 11, 2015, "The Thoughts of the Times" column published an article titled "Why won't you sit next to me on the subway?" It criticized Koreans for avoiding foreigners in public transport and exhibited unstable and aggressive traits in the writer. The article was quickly uncovered as a practical joke. Chief editorial writer Oh Young-jin apologized to readers, threatening law enforcement involvement in future cases, and pledging to keep the paper's open-door policy, inviting readers, professional or untrained, to contribute.

On June 2, 2017, then-managing editor Oh Young-jin published a contentious article titled "Holocaust vs. comfort women" in which he tried to answer which was worse: Nazi Germany's Holocaust or Imperial Japan's wartime sex slavery. On June 5 he published a selection of reader feedback, including one holocaust denier who claimed there were no gas chambers, and that any gassing done was to kill disease-carrying lice to protect the prisoners, saying "Gassing was a life-saving measure, not a homicidal one." On June 14, he published a letter from a German teacher titled "Holocaust happened" refuting the Holocaust denier and decrying the newspaper for publishing her claims.

The Korea Times has been criticized for republishing tabloid news, especially on cryptozoology and UFO sightings. It has reposted articles from Weekly World News and The Onion, including a widely spread article naming Kim Jong-un "The Onion's sexiest man alive" for 2012.

Modern Korean Literature Translation Awards

The Korea Times established the Modern Korean Literature Translation Awards on its 20th anniversary in 1970, to lay the groundwork for promotion of Korean literature internationally and ultimately to produce a Nobel literature laureate from Korea.

Other publications

The Korea Times published The Seoul Olympian in 1988, the official newspaper of the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Earlier papers named The Korea Times

There had been two other "Korea Times" newspapers prior to the 1950 founding of The Korea Times. The first was published by Yang Ki-taek in the fading days of the Yi Dynasty (June 1904) in cooperation with British journalist Ernest Bethell. The other was by Lee Myo-muk, Ha Kyong-tok and Kim Yong-ui in September 1945. The two publications had no relation to each other or the later publications.

See also

Communications in South Korea
List of newspapers

References

External links
  Korea Times
  Brief Introduction to The Korea Times

1950 establishments in South Korea
Centrism in Asia
English-language newspapers published in South Korea
Liberal media in South Korea
Newspaper companies of South Korea
Daily newspapers published in South Korea
Newspapers established in 1950
South Korean news websites

The Korea Times


Artă monumentală este un film românesc din 1963. Este scris și regizat de Nina Behar.

Prezentare

Primire
1964 - Marsilia - Festivalul filmului pentru tineret - Mențiunea de onoare a juriului
1965 - Paris - Festivalul filmului de arhitectură - Premiul revistei "Formes actuelles"

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1963 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1963

Artă monumentală


Torreyochloa, biljni rod iz porodice trava raširen po Sjevernoj Americi i Aziji, od Ruskog dalekog istoka do Japana. Pripada mu četiri priznatih vrsta trajnica.

Vrste
 Torreyochloa erecta (Hitchc.) Church
 Torreyochloa natans (Kom.) Church
 Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) Church
 Torreyochloa viridis (Honda) Church

Izvori

Aveneae

Torreyochloa


Kemppi, 1949 yılında Finlandiya'nın Lahti şehrinde kurulan kaynak aletleri üreticisi. 1960'lı yıllarda ilk MIG/MAG gazaltı kaynak teli makinaları ve tristör kontrollü redresörler geliştirilmiştir. Kemppi 1977 yılında dünyada ilk defa çok yöntemli inverter bazlı kaynak makinesini üretmiştir.

İnverter kaynak teknolojisi hakkında birçok buluş yapmıştır. 2005 yılında yaklaşık 100 milyon Euro'luk ciro elde etmiştir. 550 çalışanı vardır. 2011 yılından bu yana Kemppi markasının Türkiye'deki tek distribütörü ATM Endüstriyel Kaynak'tır.

Dış bağlantılar
 Kemppi Türkiye

Finlandiya merkezli imalat şirketleri
1949'da kurulan şirketler

Kemppi


Sergiu Toma () este un judocan de performanță care a reprezentat Republica Moldova, apoi Emiratele Arabe Unite. A fost laureat cu bronz la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2016 în categoria -81 kg.

Carieră
S-a apucat de judo la vârsta de nouă ani, la sfatul unui prieten al tatălui său. A fost campion european de juniori la Zagreb în 2005, apoi a cucerit o medalie de bronz la Universiada de vară din 2007 de la Bangkok.

În 2008 a câștigat Super Cupa Mondială de la Paris, calificându-se la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2008. Totuși, la Beijing a fost învins în turul doi de georgianul David Kevkhișvili. Prin urmare și-a pierdut sursele de finanțare și a fost aproape de a abandona judo-ul.

Prima medalie la seniori a obținut-o la Campionatul European din 2011 de la Istanbul, unde a luat argintul după ce a fost învins doar în finala de azerul Elnur Mammadli. Câteva luni mai târziu a ajuns în semifinale la Campionatul Mondial de la Paris. A pierdut cu brazilianul Leandro Guilheiro, dar l-a învins pe francezul Loïc Pietri, asigurându-se medalia de bronz. Pentru aceste rezultate a fost desemnat sportivul anului.

La Jocurile Olimpice din 2012 de la Londra a fost învins la puncte în turul trei de japonezul Takahiro Nakai. După aceasta dezamăgire, a întâmpinat din nou dificultăți financiare. Din lipsă de bani nu a putut participa la trei competiții internaționale în anul 2013. De aceea, a încercat să reprezinte altă țară.

În luna martie 2013 a plecat într-un cantonament la invitația federației uzbece împreuna cu colegii de lot Ivan Remarenco și Victor Scvortov, alături de fostul antrenor olimpic Vasile Colta. Aceștia nu s-au întors în țară la data specificată și au fost excluși din lotul național o lună mai târziu. În cele din urmă, Toma și cinci alți judocani au ales de a evolua pentru Emiratele Arabe Unite, pe care le-au reprezentat la Campionatul Asiatic din 2013. În acest sezon Toma a câștigat Grand Prix-ul la Ulaanbaatar, la Abu Dhabi și la Qingdao. Totuși, a fost declarat neeligibil la Jocurile Asiatice din anul următor.

În sezonul 2015 a cucerit medalia de argint la Grand Prix-ul de la Abu Dhabi și s-a calificat la Jocurile Olimpice din 2016, fiind clasat pe locul 9 în clasamentul mondial. La Rio de Janeiro a ajuns în semifinale, unde a pierdut cu rusul Hasan Halmurzaev, care a devenit campion olimpic în cele din urmă. În recalificări a trecut de italianul Matteo Marconcini, câștigând medalia de bronz. Astfel a devenit cel de-al doilea sportiv din Emiratele care a cucerit o medalie olimpică, după trăgătorul de tir Sheikh Ahmed bin Hasher Al Maktoum la Atena 2004.

Note

Legături externe
 Profil pe judoinside.com

Nașteri în 1987
Oameni din Chișinău
Judocani moldoveni
Judocani din Emiratele Arabe Unite
Judocani la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2008
Judocani la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012
Judocani la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2016
Medaliați olimpici cu bronz din Emiratele Arabe Unite

Sergiu Toma


Mountainman war ein Ultramarathon in der Schweiz und führte vom Trüebsee auf den Pilatus.

Von 2010 bis 2018 – immer zur selben Jahreszeit Ende August – vom «Verein BergArena» ausgetragen, war er mit einer Streckenlänge von über 80 Kilometern und rund 5000 Höhenmetern der anspruchsvollste Bergmarathon in der Schweiz und zählte zu den Anspruchsvollsten in Europa.

Strecke
Die gesamte Route verläuft mit wenigen Ausnahmen auf bestehenden Naturwegen. Gestartet wird am Trüebsee am Fusse des Titlis. Der erste Aufstieg zum Jochpass folgt nach rund einem Kilometer. Danach über die Tannalp zum Balmeregghorn und von dort ins Berner Oberland zur Planplatten. Weiter über Käserstatt zum Gibel und von dort runter zum tiefsten Punkt am Brünigpass, gefolgt vom steilsten Anstieg hinauf zum Lungern-Schönbüel. Weiter durch 30 km Moorlandschaft und zum finalen Aufstieg Richtung Pilatus Kulm.

Alternative Bewerbe
Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Strecke auf verkürzter Strecke oder im Team zu bestreiten:
 Mountainman Marathon: späterer Einstieg, somit 42,195 km und 2561 Höhenmeter
 Mountainman Marathon 2x2: die verkürzte Strecke zu zweit
 Mountainman Ultra 2x2: die Ultra-Strecke zu zweit
 Mountainman Ultra 4x4: die Ultra-Strecke zu viert

Reglement
Das Reglement entstand in Anlehnung an das Reglement des Ultra-Trails Du Mont-Blanc. So gibt es eine eigene Ethik sowie die Vorschrift, dass über die gesamte Strecke eine Pflichtausrüstung (Notverband, Pflaster, langes Oberteil und lange Hose, Mobiltelefon) zu tragen ist.

Statistik
Durch kleine Streckenanpassungen sind die Zeiten nur bedingt miteinander vergleichbar.

Siegerlisten

Mountainman Ultra

Mountainman Marathon

Sonstiges
Die Veranstaltung ist Preisträger des Prix Ecosport 2010 – Umweltpreis für Sportveranstalter, vergeben durch die swiss olympic.

Für eine Teilnahme am Ultra-Trail Du Mont-Blanc werden für den Mountainman Ultra drei und für den Mountainman Marathon ein von sieben notwendigen Punkten angerechnet.

Die erste Schweizermeisterschaft Trail Running über die Ultra-, Marathon- und Halbmarathon-Distanz fand im Rahmen des 4. Mountainman am 17. August 2013 statt.

Der Mountainman in der Schweiz wurde letztmals 2018 durchgeführt. Er ist nicht zu verwechseln mit dem MOUNTAINMAN Trail.Run.Hike, der Trailrunning- und Hiking-Serie in Deutschland und Österreich.

Weblinks

 Homepage des Veranstalters

Einzelnachweise

Ultramarathon
Bergmarathon
Laufveranstaltung in der Schweiz

Mountainman


Sigurður Jónsson í Ystafelli (født i Litluströnd ved Mývatn 28. januar 1852, død 16. januar 1926 i Ystafelli) var en islandsk bonde og politiker, der var erhvervsminister 1917-1920, og repræsenterede Fremskridtspartiet. Til og med 30. november 1918 var han som minister i den islandske regering samtidig medlem af den danske regering som minister for Island.

Sigurður var søn af Jón Árnason, bonde i Skútustaðir, og hans kone Þuríðar Helgadóttir. Han voksede op som plejebarn hos Guðbjörg Aradóttir i Ystafelli í Kaldakinn og overtog hendes gård i 1889. Sigurður var landmand i Ystafelli indtil 1917. Han var en af de vigtigste initiativtagere til andelsbevægelsen i Island, og Samband íslenskra samvinnufélaga blev oprettet på et møde i Ystafelli 20. februar 1902.

Sigurður blev valgt til Altinget i 1916 for Uafhængige bønder, og var medstifter af det forenede bondeparti Fremskridtspartiet 16. december 1916. Han blev året efter partiets første minister; som følge heraf opgav han landbruget og flyttede til Reykjavík. Han vendte imidlertid tilbage til sin gård i Ystafelli, da han gik på pension i 1920, og boede der indtil sin død seks år senere.

Familie
Han var gift med Kristbjörg Marteinsdóttir. Deres søn Jón Sigurðsson udgav i 1965 en biografi om sin far.

Kilder
 Jón Sigurðsson: Sigurður í Ystafelli og samtíðarmenn, 1965.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Sigurður Jónsson í Ystafelli på Altingets netsted

Landmænd fra Island
Ministre fra Island
Minister for Island
Altingsmedlemmer
Andelsbevægelsen i Island

Sigurður Jónsson (politiker)


An Agrostis burmanica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Norman Loftus Bor. An Agrostis burmanica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Agrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Myanmar. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Agrostis

Agrostis burmanica


Free content, or free information, is any kind of functional work, artwork, or other creative content having no significant legal restriction relative to people's freedom to use, distribute copies, modify, and to distribute derived works of the content. It is distinct from open content in that it can be modified, whereas one might not have that ability with content that is simply "open" and not "free".

Free content encompasses all works in the public domain and also those copyrighted works whose licenses honor and uphold the freedoms mentioned above. Because copyright law in most countries by default grants copyright holders monopolistic control over their creations, copyrighted content must be explicitly declared free, usually by the referencing or inclusion of licensing statements from within the work.

Though a work which is in the public domain because its copyright has expired is considered free, it can become non-free again if the copyright law changes.

නීත්යානුකූලභාවය

Traditional copyright

Traditionally, copyright is a legal concept, which grants the author or creator of a work legal rights to control the duplication and public performance of his or her work. In many jurisdictions, this is limited by a time period after which the works then enter the public domain. During the time period of copyright the author's work may only be copied, modified, or publicly performed with the consent of the author, unless the use is a fair use.

Traditional copyright control, when compared to free content, is limiting in several ways.  It limits the use of the work of the author to those who can, or are willing to, afford the payment of royalties to the author for usage of the authors content, or limit their use to fair use. Secondly it limits the use of content whose author cannot be found. Finally it creates a perceived barrier between authors by limiting derivative works, such as mashups and collaborative content. Copyleft is based on the belief that  the temporary publishing monopoly that traditional copyright created in order to encourage science and learning is not actually the best way to promote science and learning.

පොදු වසම

The public domain is a range of creative works whose copyright has expired, or was never established; as well as ideas and facts which are ineligible for copyright. A public domain work is a work whose author has either relinquished to the public, or no longer can claim control over, the distribution and usage of the work. As such any person may manipulate, distribute, or otherwise utilize the work, without legal ramifications. A work released into the public domain, or under a very liberal license, by its author may be referred to as "copycenter".

Copyleft

Copyleft is a play on the word copyright and describes the practice of using copyright law to remove restrictions on distributing copies and modified versions of a work.  The aim of copyleft is to use the legal framework of copyright to enable non-author parties to be able to reuse and, in many licensing schemes, modify content that is created by an author. Unlike public domain or other non-copyleft free work, the author still maintains copyright over the material, however the author has granted a non-exclusive license to any person to distribute, and often modify, the work. Copyleft licenses require that any derivative works be distributed under the same terms, and that the original copyright notices be maintained.

A symbol commonly associated with copyleft is a reversal of the copyright symbol, facing the other way; the opening of the C points left rather than right. Unlike the copyright symbol, the copyleft symbol does not have a codified meaning.

Usage
Projects that provide free content exist in several areas of interest, such as software, academic literature, general literature, music, images, video, and engineering.

තාක්‍ෂණය ප්‍රකාශනයේ පිරිවැය අඩු කර ඇති අතර පුද්ගලයන් හෝ කුඩා කණ්ඩායම් විසින් පුළුල් ලෙස බෙදා හරින ලද ද්‍රව්‍ය නිෂ්පාදනය කිරීමට ප්‍රමාණවත් තරම් ප්‍රවේශ බාධකය අඩු කර ඇත. පරිගණක තාක්ෂණයේ දියුණුව හා සම්බන්ධ ද්‍රව්‍ය බෙදා හැරීමේ පහසුව හේතුවෙන් නොමිලේ සාහිත්‍ය සහ බහුමාධ්‍ය අන්තර්ගතයන් සැපයීමේ ව්‍යාපෘති වඩ වඩාත් ප්‍රමුඛ වී ඇත. මෙම තාක්‍ෂණික වර්ධනයන්ට පෙර එවැනි ව්‍යාප්තිය ඉතා මිල අධික විය හැකිය.

මාධ්ය
In media, which includes textual, audio, and visual content, free licensing schemes such as some of the licenses made by Creative Commons have allowed for the dissemination of works under a clear set of legal permissions. Not all of the Creative Commons' licenses are entirely free: their permissions may range from very liberal general redistribution and modification of the work to a more restrictive redistribution-only licensing. Since February 2008, Creative Commons licenses which are entirely free carry a badge indicating that they are "approved for free cultural works". Repositories exist which exclusively feature free material provide content such as photographs, clip art, music, and literature,.

මෘදුකාංග

Free software, often referred to as open source software, is a maturing technology with major companies utilising free software to provide both services and technology to both end users and technical consumers. The ease of dissemination has allowed for increased modularity, which allows for smaller groups to contribute to projects as well as simplifying collaboration.

Open source development models have been classified as having a similar peer-recognition and collaborative benefit incentives that are typified by more classical fields such as scientific research, with the social structures that result from this incentive model decreasing production cost.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/staff/herkia/kava/Seminnarit/MI_mustonen.pdf |title=Copyleft – the economics of Linux and other open source software |accessdate=March 22, 2009 |version=Discussion Paper No. 493 |last=Mustonen |first=Mikko |publisher=Department of Economics, University of Helsinki |format

නිදහස් අන්තර්ගතය


O UFC on ESPN: Sandhagen vs. Dillashaw (também conhecido como O UFC on ESPN 27 e UFC Vegas 32) foi um evento de artes marciais mistas promovido pelo Ultimate Fighting Championship que aconteceu em 24 de julho de 2021 nas instalações do UFC Apex em Enterprise, Nevada, parte da Área Metropolitana de Las Vegas, Estados Unidos.

História
Uma luta no peso galo entre T.J. Dillashaw e Cory Sandhagen serviu como luta principal da noite. Eles eram esperados pra se enfrentarem no UFC on ESPN: Rodriguez vs. Waterson, mas a luta foi adiada devido a uma lesão de Dillashaw.

Raphael Assunção e Kyler Phillips eram esperados para de enfrentarem neste evento. Entretanto, Assunção sofreu uma lesão e foi substituído por Raulian Paiva.

Priscila Cachoeira era esperada pra enfrentar Sijara Eubanks neste evento. Entretanto, Eubanks foi escalada para enfrentar Elise Reed.

Resultados

Eventos do UFC on ESPN
2021 nas artes marciais mistas

UFC on ESPN: Sandhagen vs. Dillashaw


Onthophagus laminicornis é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus da família Scarabaeidae da ordem Coleoptera.

História
Foi descrita cientificamente pela primeira vez no ano de 1886 por Lansberge.

Referências

Ligações externas

laminicornis
Coleópteros descritos em 1886

Onthophagus laminicornis


Vladislava Kurjaković Nelipčić, zvana i Vjekoslava (?, oko 1303. – ?, iza 1346.), hrvatska kneginja iz obitelji Kurjaković, kninska kneginja i supruga kneza Nelipca II. Nelipčića Cetinskog.

Bila je kći krbavskog kneza Kurjaka od plemićkog roda Gusića i sestra krbavskih knezova Budislava (sp. do 1346.), Pavla († 1340.) i Grgura (sp. do 1360.). Udala se za kninskog i cetinskog kneza Nelipca II. († 1344.) s kojim je imala sina Ivana Nelipčića. Nakon suprugove smrti 1344. godine postala je skrbnicom njihova maloljetna sina Ivana te je preuzela, u njegovo ime, vlast nad njegovim posjedima i gradovima i nastavila se opirati kraljevoj vlasti.

Nakon što je u rujnu i listopadu 1344. godine, ban Nikola I. Bánffy izvršio napad i opsadu grada Knina, obećala je pokoriti se kralju Ludoviku I. (1342. – 1382.), no čim je banska vojska napustila njene krajeve, povukla je obećanje i nastavila pružati otpor. Nato je kralj osobno poveo vojsku na nepokornu kneginju i uz pomoć vojske bosanskog bana Stjepana II. Kotromanića krenuo na njene posjede. Suočena s velikom vojnom silom, Vladislava je prihvatila pokoravanje kraljevskoj vlasti te je u srpnju 1345. godine sklopila s banovima ugovor kojim je kraljevskoj vlasti predala utvrde Knin, Ostrog, Počitelj, Srb i Unac. Zauzvrat je kralj oprostio nevjeru kneginji Vladislavi i njenom malodobnom sinu i potvrdio im kao nasljedne posjede njegova roda Sinj, koji je postao novim sjedištem Nelipčića, Cetinsku županiju, Brečevo s poljem i djedovski grad Kamičac, a usto je Ivan bio uvršten u red kraljevskih vitezova i dvorjanika te je dobio i jedan posjed u peštanskoj županiji.

Unatoč tome što je Vladislava uspjela spasiti sinovljevu baštinu i izvuči povoljan dogovor, bila je nezadovoljna riješenjem te je neko vrijeme boravila u dobrovoljnom progonstvu u Splitu (1346.), koji je tada bio pod mletačkom vlašću.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Vladislava - Hrvatska enciklopedija
 Nelipčići - Hrvatska enciklopedija

Hrvatsko plemstvo
Kurjakovići
Nelipčići

Vladislava Kurjaković


Lucien Acou (født 28. marts 1921 i Vinkem, død 15. februar 2016 i Jette) var en cykelrytter fra Belgien. Hans primære disciplin var banecykling. Acou var aktiv fra 1942 til 1956.

Acou deltog i 32 seksdagesløb, hvor det sammen med makker Achiel Bruneel blev til to sejre.

Ved den tredje udgave af Københavns seksdagesløb efter 2. verdenskrig blev det i 1953 til tredjepladsen med makker Achiel Bruneel.

Lucien Acous datter, Claudine Acou, blev i december 1967 gift med cykelrytter Eddy Merckx.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Mandlige cykelryttere fra Belgien

Lucien Acou


Termenul "atmosferă (unitate)" se poate referi la:
 Atmosferă fizică, o presiune standard, folosită și ca unitate
 Atmosferă tehnică, o unitate de presiune folosită în sistemul tehnic de unități de măsură

Atmosferă (unitate)


Košeca este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Ilava din regiunea Trenčín, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 2.664 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Košeca este atestată documentar din 1272.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Košeca


Premiul Academiei Europene de Film pentru cea mai bună actriță este acordat de Academia Europeană de Film actrițelor din filmele europene. Premiul a fost acordat prima dată actriței Carmen Maura pentru rolul din filmul Femei în pragul unei crize de nervi în 1988.

Câștigători și nominalizați

Anii 1980

Anii 1990

Anii 2000

Anii 2010

Ursul de Argint pentru cea mai bună actriță
Cannes pentru cea mai bună actriță

Actrita
Premii cinematografice pentru cel mai bun actor
Fondări în 1988


An Maclurochloa montana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Khoon Meng Wong. An Maclurochloa montana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Maclurochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Maclurochloa

Maclurochloa montana


Die Garsmühle war ein Wohnplatz mit einer Mahl- und Ölmühle, sowie einer Landwirtschaft der ehemaligen Gemeinde Alertshausen, der heutigen Stadt Bad Berleburg im Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die Mühle gehörte zum Kirchspiel Elsoff.

Lage
Die Mühle lag unterhalb des Garsbaches an der Landstraße 817 Richtung Elsoff. Gespeist wurde die Anlage hauptsächlich aus dem Elsoffbach.

Geschichte
Erbaut wurde die Mühle im Jahr 1608 als oberschlächtige Wassermühle. Anfänglich gehörte das Anwesen zur Gemeinde Elsoff. In den Jahren 1644/1645 ist die Mühle aufgrund kriegerischer Einwirkungen nicht besetzt. 1712 wird die Mahlmühle durch den Bau einer Ölmühle erweitert. Ab 1819 gehörte die Mühle zum Schultheißenbezirk Elsoff. 1934 wird das Anwesen durch einen Brand vollständig zerstört. Am Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges überfällt ein versprengter SS-Trupp einen US-Jeep an der Garsmühle. Ein US-Soldat wird getötet und einer verwundet. Der Verwundete wird von den SS-Männern in den Keller der Mühle gebracht. Anschließend flüchteten sie mit einem erbeuteten Jeep über den Bohland nach Berleburg.
Reste der ehemaligen Siedlungsstätte waren noch bis Mitte der 1990er Jahre vorhanden.

Literatur
 Günther Wrede: Territorialgeschichte der Grafschaft Wittgenstein, 1927.
 Wittgensteiner Heimatverein e.V.: Blätter des Wittgensteiner Heimatvereins
 Lars Womelsdorf: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Ortschaft Alertshausen

Wassermühle in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Wüstung in Bad Berleburg
Bauwerk in Bad Berleburg
Abgegangenes Bauwerk im Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein
Mühle in Europa

Garsmühle


زياد ماجد هو كاتب وأستاذ جامعي لبناني ساهم في إعداد دراسات حول قضايا التحول الديمقراطي في لبنان وسوريا والعالم العربي مع تركيز خاص على الأنظمة الانتخابية والأحزاب السياسية ومشاركة المرأة في الشأن العام. وقد نشر المعهد الدولي للديمقراطية والمساعدة الانتخابية في ستوكهولم عدداً من هذه الدراسات.

بعد عمله لعشر سنوات في الصليب الأحمر وفي المركز اللبناني للدراسات، شارك ماجد في العام 2004 مع عدد من السياسيين والطلاب والمثقفين في تأسيس حركة اليسار الديمقراطي، وهي الحركة التي شارك في تأسيسها أيضاً المؤرخ والصحافي سمير قصير، والروائي الياس خوري والتي كان لها دور هام عام 2005 في إطلاق «انتفاضة الاستقلال» في بيروت ضد هيمنة النظام السوري وضد الاغتيالات السياسية.

في العام 2006 صدر له عن دار النهار كتاب عنوانه «ربيع بيروت والدولة الناقصة»، ويتضمن نصوصاً في السياسة اللبنانية وأزماتها.

وفي العام 2007، ساهم ماجد في تأسيس الشبكة العربية لدراسة الديمقراطية وهي هيئة غير حكومية تضم أكاديميين وناشطين من المجتمع المدني من أكثر من بلد عربي (المغرب والجزائر وتونس ومصر والأردن ولبنان واليمن والبحرين).

ينشر ماجد منذ العام 1995 مقالات وافتتاحيات أسبوعية في صحف ودوريات عربية وفرنسية تتناول قضايا مرتبطة بالعالم العربي.

في العام 2014، صدر له كتاب بعنوان «سوريا، الثورة اليتيمة» بالعربية عن دار «شرق الكتاب» (بيروت) وبالفرنسية عن دار «آكت سود» (باريس). يتناول الكتاب الصراع الدائر في سوريا بخلفيّاته ومراحله المختلفة، منذ انطلاق الثورة العام 2011، ويحلّل العلاقات الإقليمية والدولية ارتباطاً بهذا الصراع.

في العام 2018 صدر له في باريس بالتعاون مع فاروق مردم بك وصبحي حديدي كتاب بالفرنسية عنوانه «في رأس بشار الأسد» (عن دار «آكت سود»). يشرّح الكتاب آليات السلطة في سوريا ودعايتها السياسية وتحالفاتها الداخلية والخارجية.

عنوانا موقع ومدوّنة زياد ماجد هما: http://ziadmajed.blogspot.com و http://vendredis-arabes.blogspot.com

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء هيئة تدريس الجامعة الأميركية في باريس
إعلاميون من جبل عامل
سياسيون من جبل عامل
علماء سياسة لبنانيون
كتاب وكاتبات لبنانيون
ناشطو ديمقراطية لبنانيون
ناشطون يساريون لبنانيون

زياد ماجد


8548 Sumizihara este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
8548 Sumizihara este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Kitami de Kin Endate și Kazuro Watanabe. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,59 ua, o excentricitate de 0,26 și o înclinație de 7,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 8001-9000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1994
Centura de asteroizi

8548 Sumizihara


Olaylar

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 1 Mayıs - Arcadius, Doğu Roma (Bizans) imparatoru (d. 377/378)
 22 Ağustos - Flavius Stilicho, Romalı general (d. y. 359)

408


29. studenoga
Uzimajući kao povod zabranu mitinga istine Srba i Crnogoraca i Ljubljani, Predsjedništvo Republičke konferencije SSRN Srbije pozvalo na bojkot gospodarskih i društvenih veza sa Slovenijom.
Planeri Ljubljanskog mitinga, nosioci tzv. antibirokratske revolucije, pod izlikom borbe za jedinstvenu Jugoslaviju imaju u planu i dolazak u Zagreb, čime bi rušenjem vlada u Sloveniji i Hrvatskoj otvorili put za centralizam i unitarizam utijelovljen u ličnosti Slobodana Miloševića.

30. studenoga
Željezničko-transportno poduzeće Zagreb najavilo za 30. studeni i 1. prosinca promet samo redovnih vlakova za prijevoz putnika, tako da neće biti prihvaćeni nikakvi izvanredni ili pojačani redovni vlakovi iz drugih republika.
Republički sekretar za unutrašnje poslove SR Slovenije Tomaš Ertl izdao naredbu kojom su zabranjeni svi skupovi građana na javnim mjestima u Sloveniji do daljnjega.
Poziv na ekonomsku i svaku drugu blokadu SR Slovenije dosad najizravnija prijetnja avnojskoj zamisli Jugoslavije, ocijenilo Izvršno vijeće Slovenije.

Izvori

1989/11

Kronologija Domovinskog rata: studeni 1989.


An Tillandsia recurvifolia in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni William Jackson Hooker. An Tillandsia recurvifolia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tillandsia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tillandsia

Tillandsia recurvifolia


La Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), en Bucaramanga, Santander, es uno de los complejos médicos más importantes del país y uno de los más destacados de Latinoamérica. Sus dos grandes pilares son el Instituto Cardiovascular de Colombia (ICV), primera IPS de la institución, y el Hospital Internacional de Colombia (HIC), inaugurado en el 2016.

Ambos hospitales están acreditados por la Joint Commission International (JCI), sello que avala altos estándares de calidad certificada. El Instituto Cardiovascular de Colombia tiene el prestigio de ser la primera institución colombiana en recibir este reconocimiento (año 2009).

El complejo médico es reconocido como el sexto mejor hospital de América Latina, según la revista AméricaEconomía, por ser un referente en el implante de corazones artificiales y por contar con procesos que permiten brindar seguridad y dignidad a los pacientes para que vivan la mejor experiencia en atención.

La FCV brinda hoy diagnósticos y tratamientos en campos como neurología, cardiología, salud digestiva, neumología, ortopedia, nefrología y urología. Además cuenta con uno de los centros más modernos para la atención integral del cáncer.

Historia

Los inicios de la FCV están fuertemente relacionados con el programa Corazón a Corazón, impulsado en 1981 por los médicos Franklin Quirós y Víctor Raúl Castillo Mantilla, actual presidente de la institución.

Con el apoyo de la Fundación Variety Club International, organización que congrega personajes del mundo del espectáculo en torno a la infancia desvalida, comenzó este programa que tenía como objetivo en una primera etapa identificar a menores con problemas de corazón para enviarlos a centros médicos de EE. UU. para ser operados.

Un par de años después, misiones de médicos norteamericanos viajaban a Colombia para realizar las intervenciones quirúrgicas menos complejas en el país latinoamericano y remitir a EE. UU. los casos más delicados. En este procesos participaron profesionales de la salud que estaban en proceso de formación, como el caso del propio doctor Víctor Castillo.

Con el tiempo fue posible prescindir del personal estadounidense y abrir camino a especialistas colombianos. Esta situación sumada a la necesidad que tenía el país de disponer una infraestructura para el tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, llevó a la consolidación de la FCV en 1986.

Después de varios años de trabajo y cambios de sede, en 1997 se inauguró el Instituto Cardiovascular de Colombia, hospital de 14 pisos que fue dotado con la más alta tecnología.

Con el desarrollo de procesos médicos exitosos en pacientes nacionales e internacionales, y un aumento en la demanda de los servicios de salud, la FCV decide llevar a cabo su proyecto más ambicioso en términos de magnitud e impacto social para el país: la construcción del Hospital Internacional de Colombia, inaugurado en 2016.

Con ambos centros, el complejo médico de la FCV se consolidó como uno de los más completos y grandes (más de 16 hectáreas) de Latinoamérica.

Además de la apertura de Instituciones Prestadoras de Salud (IPS), con equipos avanzados y personal altamente capacitado, la FCV ha innovado con la creación de diferentes unidades de negocio autónomas que trabajan por el bienestar del ser humano.

Estructura y servicios

Instituto Cardiovascular de Colombia (ICV)

 Trasplante de órganos (corazón, páncreas, riñón, hígado y pulmón).
 ECMO - Asistencia Ventricular.
 Hemodinamia (adultos y pediátrica).
 Falla Cardíaca (adultos y pediátrica).
 Cardiología de Congénitas y Edad Pediátrica.
 Cardiología adultos.
 Alto Riesgo Obstétrico.

Hospital Internacional de Colombia (HIC)

 Instituto Neurológico.
 Instituto de Cáncer.
 Instituto de Ortopedia y Traumatología.
 Instituto de Cuidado de la Mujer.
 Instituto de Pediatría.

Centros Especializados (ICV y HIC)

 Nefrología (ICV - HIC).
 Urología (HIC).
 Cuidado de la Salud Respiratoria (HIC).
 Cuidado de la Salud Digestiva (HIC).
 Cirugía plástica, reconstructiva y estética (HIC).
 Unidad de Quemados (HIC)
 Alivio de dolor y cuidado paliativo (ICV - HIC).
 Medicina Integrativa (HIC).

Hitos médicos

Al contar con más de 60 especialidades enfocadas en el mejoramiento de la calidad de la vida humana, la FCV ha logrado varios hitos reconocidos por la comunidad científica.

 Realización de la primera cirugía de implantación del corazón artificial Heart Mate II en Suramérica (2014).

 Implante del primer dispositivo HeartMate III en Latinoamérica (2017).

 Un Milagro de vida después de la Muerte: Gestante con Muerte cerebral mantenida artificialmente con vida para salvar a su hijo (2017).

 Implante de la primera prótesis antialérgica de rodilla en Colombia (2018).

 Realización de la primera cirugía de implantación del corazón artificial a menor de edad con 1 solo pulmón (2018).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial

Hospitales de Bucaramanga
Hospitales de Colombia

Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia


Astragalus depressus es una  especie de planta herbácea perteneciente a la familia de las leguminosas. Se encuentra en Europa, África y Oriente Próximo.

Descripción
Es una pequeña leguminosa de tallos cortos. Las hojas tienen 9-12 pares de folíolos de contorno obovado, emarginados en el ápice y pelosos en el envés. Las flores son blancas, de alrededor de 1 cm, agrupadas en glomérulos no muy densos y pedunculados. Cuando fructifica desarrolla una legumbre cilíndrica, lisa y más o menos péndula.

Distribución y hábitat
Es una planta herbácea perennifolia que se tiene una distribución por la región del Mediterráneo y se encuentra en los pastos sobre suelos esqueléticos en zonas rocosas calizas de montaña..

Taxonomía
Astragalus depressus fue descrita por  Linneo y publicado en Centuria II. Plantarum ... 29, en el año 1756.
Etimología
Astragalus: nombre genérico derivado del griego clásico άστράγαλος y luego del Latín astrăgălus aplicado ya en la antigüedad, entre otras cosas, a algunas plantas de la familia Fabaceae, debido a la forma cúbica de sus semillas parecidas a un hueso del pie.

depressus: epíteto latíno que significa  "deprimida".
sinonimia
Astragalus bonannii C.Presl
Astragalus depressus var. bonanni (J.Presl & C.Presl) Heldr.
Astragalus depressus var. helminthocarpus (Vill.) Asch. & Graebn.
Astragalus depressus var. hirtus Diklic
Astragalus depressus var. ioleucus Griseb.
Astragalus depressus var. leucophaeus (Sm.) Asch. & Kanitz
Astragalus depressus var. medius Cuatrec.
Astragalus depressus var. tasheliensis Erik & Sumbul
Astragalus helminthocarpus Vill.
Astragalus leucophaeus Sm.
Tragacantha depressa (L.) Kuntze

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Cent. pl. II::29.  1756 (Amoen. acad. 4:327.  1759)
 USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20041119223005/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?405896]

depressus

Astragalus depressus


Archibald Kennedy,  marquis d'Ailsa ( - ) est un pair écossais.

Jeunesse
Archibald est né le  septembre 1847, l'aîné des trois fils d'Archibald Kennedy (2e marquis d'Ailsa) et de Julia Jephson . Il est le frère du major Lord Alexander Kennedy, de Lord John Kennedy, de Lady Julia Alice Kennedy, de Lady Evelyn Anne Kennedy et Lady Constance Eleanor Kennedy .

Son père est le fils aîné d'Archibald Kennedy, comte de Cassilis, lui-même le fils aîné d'Archibald Kennedy (1er marquis d'Ailsa). Sa mère est la deuxième fille de Sir Richard Jephson,  baronnet et de Charlotte Rochfort Smith .

Carrière
Dans sa jeunesse, il est officier dans les Coldstream Guards. En 1885, il fonde la Ailsa Shipbuilding Company, basée à Troon et Ayr, Ayrshire.

À la mort de son père le 20 mars 1870, il hérite des titres de  comte de Cassilis,  Lord Kennedy,  marquis d'Ailsa et  baron Ailsa. Le titre s'accompagne de  dans l'Ayrshire. Il occupe le poste de Lord-lieutenant du Ayrshire entre 1919 et 1937.

Vie privée

Lord Ailsa se marie deux fois. Son premier mariage a lieu le 7 mars 1871 avec l'hon. Evelyn Stuart, fille de Charles Stuart,  Lord Blantyre et de Lady Evelyn Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (elle-même fille de George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (2e duc de Sutherland)). Ensemble, ils ont cinq enfants :

  (1872-1943), qui épouse Frances Stewart, fille de Sir Mark MacTaggart-Stewart,  baronnet
 Charles Kennedy,  marquis d'Ailsa (1875–1956), qui épouse Constance Clarke, veuve de John Baird
 Evelyn Kennedy (1876–1886), décédée jeune
 Aline Kennedy (1877–1957), qui épouse John Edward Browne,  baron Kilmaine (1878–1946) en 1901
 Angus Kennedy,  marquis d'Ailsa (1882–1957), qui épouse Gertrude Millicent Cooper

Il épouse ensuite le 3 novembre 1891 Isabella MacMaster, la fille unique de Hugh MacMaster, un maraîcher de Kausani, en Inde. Ensemble, ils ont deux autres enfants :

 Hugh Kennedy (1895–1970), qui épouse Katharine Louisa Clare Atherton, fille de Francis Henry Atherton.
 Marjory Kennedy (née en 1898), qui épouse Laurence Pierce Brooke Merriam

Lord Ailsa est mort à son domicile, le Château de Culzean, surplombant le Firth of Clyde où il est connu comme l'un des plus grands floriculteurs, le 9 avril 1938.

Références

Liens externes

Lord-lieutenant du Ayrshire
Décès en avril 1938
Naissance en septembre 1847
Décès à 90 ans

Archibald Kennedy (3e marquis d'Ailsa)


Aderus arcuaticeps é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por Maurice Pic em 1912. A identificação no género Aderus não é completamente clara, está considerado incertae sedis.

Distribuição geográfica
Habita na Austrália.

Referências

arcuaticeps
Coleópteros da Austrália
Insetos descritos em 1912
Espécies descritas por Maurice Pic

Aderus arcuaticeps


Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real pode se referir a:

 Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real (pai) - diplomata e estadista português
 Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real (filho) - diplomata e político português, filho do anteriror

Desambiguação

Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real


Lierne  (suður-samíska: Lijre) er fjallasveitarfélag í Þrændalögum í Noregi. Í sveitarfélaginu eru 1.309 íbúar (2022).

Stjórnsýslumiðstöð sveitarfélagsins er Sandvika, sem er eina þéttbýlið í sveitarfélaginu. Í þéttbýlinu, sem hefur 216 íbúa, er bæjarhús, grunnskóli, leikskóli, verslun og kirkja.

Sveitarfélagið Lierne á landamæri að sveitarfélögunum Røyrvik í norðri og Grong og Snåsa í vestri. Í suðri og austri liggur sveitarfélagið að Svíþjóð.

Sveitarfélög í Þrændalögum

Lierne (sveitarfélag)


Sukenarı, Sakarya ilinin Akyazı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir. Hem Akyazı ilçesinde hem Hendek ilçesinde aynı isimli birer mahalle vardır ve içiçedir. Aralarındaki sınır ise ortasından akan Dinsiz deresi dir.

Coğrafya
Sakarya il merkezine 20 km, Akyazı ilçesine 15 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Akyazı'nın mahalleleri

Sukenarı, Akyazı