Maqam (arabă: مقام, translit maqām, literal "loc", pl. مقامات maqāmāt) este sistemul de moduri melodice utilizate în muzica tradițională arabă. Cuvântul maqam în arabă înseamnă loc, locație sau poziție. Maqamul arab este un tip de melodie, este o tehnică de improvizație care definește modelele și dezvoltarea unei bucăți de muzică și care este unică pentru muzica de artă arabă. Există șaptezeci și două de rânduri de ton heptatonic sau scări de maqamat. Acestea sunt construite din secunde majore, neutre și minore. Fiecare maqam este construit pe o scară și poartă o tradiție care definește expresiile sale obișnuite, notele importante, dezvoltarea melodică și modularea. Ambele compoziții și improvizații în muzica tradițională arabă se bazează pe sistemul maqam. Maqamat poate fi realizat cu muzică vocală sau instrumentală și nu include o componentă ritmică.

Un factor esențial în performanță este acela că fiecare maqam descrie "factorul spațial tonal" sau setul de note muzicale și relațiile dintre ele, inclusiv modelele tradiționale și dezvoltarea melodiei, în timp ce "componenta ritmico-temporală" nu este "supusă unei organizări predeterminate". Un maqam nu are o "schemă prestabilită, în mod regulat recurentă și nici un metru neschimbat. Un anumit ritm, uneori identifică stilul unui interpret, dar acest lucru depinde de tehnica sa de performanță și nu este niciodată caracteristic maqamului ca atare". Aspectul compozițional sau mai degrabă precompozițional al maqamului este organizarea spațial-tonală, incluzând numărul de nivele de ton, iar aspectul improvizator este construcția schemei ritmico-temporale.

Origine
Maqamul a apărut la curțile emirilor și ale hanilor, tradiția muzicală a maqamului dezvoltându-se într-o perioadă lungă, în modalități diverse și în zone diferite, originea sa împletindu-se cu răspândirea învățăturilor sufite. Sufismul s-a răspândit în islam, având capacitatea reconcilierii cu tradiția și cultura locală. În Asia Centrală, aceste învățături au fost susținute de hani și emiri, o parte dintre aceștia fiind adevărați sufi. Mulțumită unei bogate culturi de la curțile medievale, s-au menținut tradițiile sufite, inclusiv muzica .

Denumirea maqam a apărut pentru prima dată în tratatele scrise în secolul al XIV-lea de către Al-Sheikh Al-Safadi și Abdulqadir Al-Maraghi și de atunci a fost folosit ca termen tehnic în muzica arabă. Maqamul este o structură modală care caracterizează arta muzicii țărilor din Africa de Nord, Orientul Apropiat și Asia Centrală. În acest domeniu, putem distinge trei culturi muzicale principale care aparțin familiei modale maqam, arabă, persană și turcă.

Caracteristici

Sistemul de acorduri
Notele unui maqam nu sunt reglate în tonalități egale (ceea ce înseamnă că rapoartele de frecvență ale înălțimilor succesive nu sunt neapărat identice, spre deosebire de scala utilizată în muzica occidentală modernă). Un maqam determină, de asemenea, alte lucruri, cum ar fi nota de început, nota de încheiere și nota dominantă. De asemenea, stabilește notele care trebuie subliniate și care nu ar trebui să fie.
Maqamurile arabe se bazează pe o scală muzicală de 7 note care se repetă la o octavă. Unele maqamuri au două sau mai multe scale alternative (de exemplu, Rast, Nahawand și Hijaz). Mecanismele maqamului, în muzica tradițională arabă sunt microtonale, iar toate octavele sunt perfecte. Notele dintr-un maqam pot sau nu să prezinte semitonuri exacte. Din acest motiv, scalele maqamului sunt predate mai mult pe cale orală și prin ascultarea extensivă a repertoriului muzical tradițional arab.

Notație
Deoarece intervalele de microtonale sunt impracticabile pentru a nota cu exactitate, un sistem simplificat de notație muzicală a fost adoptat în muzica arabă la începutul secolului al XX-lea. Scala arabă este împărțită în 24 tonuri de pătrimi egale, unde un sfert de ton este egal cu o jumătate de semiton într-o scală de 12 tonuri egale.
Acest sistem de notare nu este exact, deoarece elimină detaliile microtonale, dar este foarte practic deoarece permite ca scalelede maqam să fie notate folosind notația standard occidentală.

Intonație
Sistemul cu 24 de tonuri este în întregime o convenție notațională și nu afectează intonația exactă a notelor efectuate.
Intonația exactă a fiecărei scale maqam se modifică odată cu perioada istorică, precum și cu regiunea geografică (de exemplu, cu accente lingvistice). Din acest motiv și din cauza sistemului de notare, scalele maqam sunt, în practică, învățate auditoriu.

Ajnas
Scalele maqamului sunt alcătuite din seturi mai mici de note consecutive, care au o melodie foarte recunoscută și transmit o dispoziție distinctivă. Un astfel de set este numit jins (arabă: جنسș pl. Ajnās أجناس), adică "gen" sau "natură". În cele mai multe cazuri, un jins este alcătuit din patru note consecutive, deși există, de asemenea, ajans de trei note consecutive sau cinci note consecutive.
Referințele la teoria muzicii arabe diferă adesea în ceea ce privește clasificarea ajnas. Nu există un consens pe o listă definitivă a tuturor ajanelor, a numelor lor sau a dimensiunilor acestora. Cu toate acestea, majoritatea referințelor sunt de acord cu cele 9 principale tipuri de maqam.

Conținut emoțional
Se spune uneori că fiecare maqam evocă o anumită emoție sau set de emoții determinate de rândul de tonuri și de nucleu. Aceste emoții se spune că sunt evocate în parte prin schimbarea mărimii unui interval în timpul unei prezentări maqam.
În general, se spune că fiecare maqam evocă o emoție diferită în ascultător. La un nivel mai general, fiecare jins este susținut că transmite o stare sau culoare diferită. Nu există niciun consens cu privire la exact ce este starea de spirit a fiecărui maqam sau jins. Unele referințe descriu dispozițiile maqam folosind o terminologie foarte vagă și subiectivă (de exemplu, tipuri de maqam evocând "dragostea", "feminitatea", "mândria" sau "deșertul îndepărtat"). Cu toate acestea, nu a existat nici o cercetare serioasă care să folosească metodologia științifică pe un eșantion diferit de ascultători care să dovedească faptul că simt aceeași emoție atunci când au auzit același maqam.

Modulare
Modularea este o tehnică utilizată în timpul dezvoltării melodice a unui maqam. În termeni simpli înseamnă schimbarea de la o maqam la alta (compatibilă sau strâns legată) maqam. Aceasta implică utilizarea unei noi scări muzicale.
Modularea adaugă un mare interes muzicii și este prezentă în aproape toate melodiile bazate pe maqam. Modulările plăcute urechii sunt create prin aderarea la combinații compatibile de ajnas și maqamat, stabilite de mult timp în muzica tradițională arabă. Deși astfel de combinații sunt adesea documentate în referințe muzicale, cei mai experimentați muzicieni le învață prin audieri extinse.

Note

Bibliografie
El-Mahdi, Salah (1972). La musique arabe : structures, historique, organologie. Paris, France: Alphonse Leduc, Editions Musicales. ISBN 2-85689-029-6.
Lagrange, Frédéric (1996). Musiques d'Égypte. Cité de la musique / Actes Sud. ISBN 2-7427-0711-5.
Maalouf, Shireen (2002). History of Arabic music theory. Lebanon: Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik. OCLC 52037253.
Marcus, Scott Lloyd (1989). Arab music theory in the modern period (Ph.D. dissertation). Los Angeles: University of California. OCLC 20767535.
Racy, Ali Jihad (2003). Making Music in the Arab World: The Culture and Artistry of Tarab. Publisher: Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-30414-8.
Sultanova, Razia (2014), From Shamanism to Sufism, Women, Islam and Culture in Central Asia, I. B. Tauris, ISBN 978 1 78076 687 4.
Touma, Habib Hassan (1996). The Music of the Arabs, p. 38, 203, trans. Laurie Schwartz. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0-931340-88-8.
Fritz, T., Jentschke, S., Gosselin, N., Sammler, D., Peretz, I., Turner, R., Friederici, A. D., and Koelsch, S. (2009). "Universal recognition of three basic emotions in music". Current Biology, 19(7):573–576.

Cultura arabă
Cultura persană
Patrimoniul cultural imaterial al umanității
Cuvinte și expresii în limba arabă
Cuvinte și expresii în limba persană

Maqam


An Aristida superpendens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Karel Domin. An Aristida superpendens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aristida, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Queensland. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aristida

Aristida superpendens


Judas je drugi studijski album mađarskog power metal sastava Wisdom. Album je 4. travnja 2011. godine. objavila diskografska kuća Nail Records. Ovo je prvi album skupine s pjevačem Gaborom Nagyjem. Album govori o životu maskote sastava, Wisemanu.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje
Wisdom
Gabor Nagy — vokali
Gabor Kovacs — gitara
Zsolt Galambos — gitara
Mate Molnar — bas-gitara
Balazs Agota — bubnjevi
Dodatni glazbenici
Zoltán Mező — vokali (zbor)
Gyorgy Philipp — vokali (zbor)
Kornel Mikecz — vokali (zbor)
Zoltan Kiss — vokali (zbor)
Mats Levén — vokali
Ostalo osoblje
Gábor Kovács — inženjer zvuka, mastering, miksanje
Gyula Havancsák — omot albuma
Levente Kovács — fotografije

Izvori

Albumi iz 2011.
Albumi sastava Wisdom

Judas (album)


La région sus-claviculaire (ou région cervicale latérale ou grande fosse supra-claviculaire) est une région du cou.

Limite
Le sommet de la région sus-claviculaire est définie par l'union des muscles sterno-cléido-mastoïdien et trapèze au niveau de la ligne nucale supérieure de l'os occipital. A l'avant sa limite est le bord postérieur du muscle sterno-cléido-mastoïdien, en arrière c'est le bord antérieur du muscle trapèze et en bas le tiers médian de la clavicule.

Sa face superficielle est formée par la lame superficielle du fascia cervical.

Sa face profonde est constituée, de haut en bas , par les muscles semi-épineux de la tête, splénius de la tête, élévateur de la scapula, scalène postérieur et scalène moyen.

Le ventre inférieur du muscle omo-hyoïdien croise cette zone 2,5 cm au-dessus de la clavicule et sépare cet espace en deux parties : le triangle omo-claviculaire en dessous et le triangle occipital au-dessus.

Contenu

Nerfs
La région sus-claviculaire contient :

 le nerf accessoire spinal ;
 des branches du plexus cervical ;
 les racines et les troncs du plexus brachial ;
 le nerf phrénique.

Vaisseaux sanguins
La région sus-claviculaire contient :

 la troisième partie de l'artère subclavière ;Artère cervicale transversale
 l'artère supra-scapulaire ;
 la partie terminale de la  veine jugulaire externe.

Ganglions lymphatiques
La région sus-claviculaire contient les ganglions lymphatiques occipitaux et supra-claviculaires.

Muscles
La région sus-claviculaire contient les muscles :

  omohyoïdien (ventre inférieur)
 scalène antérieur
 scalène moyen
 scalène postérieur
 élévateur de la scapula
 splénius

Aspect clinique
Le nerf accessoire (CN XI) est particulièrement vulnérable lors de la biopsie des ganglions lymphatiques dans cette zone. Les dommages occasionnés entraînent une incapacité à hausser les épaules ou à lever le bras au-dessus de la tête en raison de la rupture d'innervation du muscle trapèze.

L'emplacement superficiel de la veine jugulaire externe la rend également vulnérable aux blessures.

Voir aussi
 Région cervicale antérieure
 Fosse supraclaviculaire

Notes et références

Tête et cou humains

Région sus-claviculaire


Fyrster i Transylvanien
 1570-1571 Johan Zápolya
 1571-1586 Stefan Báthory
 1586-1588 Johann Ghyczy
 1588-1602 Siegmund Báthory
 (1599-1600 Michael den Tapre)
 1603         Moses Székely
 1604-1606 Stefan Bocskai
 1607-1608 Siegmund Rákóczi
 1608-1613 Gabriel Báthory
 1613-1629 Gabriel Bethlen
 1630-1648 Georg 1. Rákóczi
 1648-1660 Georg 2. Rákóczi
 1658-1660 Akos Barcsay
 1661-1662 Johann Kemény
 1661-1690 Mihail 1. Apafi
 1690         Imre Thököly
 1690-1701 Mihail 2. Apafi
 1701-1711 Frans 2. Rákóczi

Eksterne links

Transsylvanien

Transsylvaniens fyrster


Boris Arventiev (n. 20 august 1900, Hîrtopul Mare, Moldova - d. 3 iunie 1984, Iași, România) a fost un chimist, cercetător și profesor universitar, cunoscut în special pentru contribuțiile sale în chimia organică și drept continuator al școlii de chimie organică create de către Anastasie Obregia. Laborios cercetător în domeniul chimiei organice și distins cadru didactic, Boris Arventiev a slujit învățământul și știința ieșeană timp de peste o jumătate de secol.

Educație
Boris Arventiev a urmat școala primară și gimnaziul în localitatea natală, continuându-și studiile în cadrul Liceului nr. 2 din Chișinău (a absolvit bacalaureatul în 1918). Ulterior a urmat Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași, secția Fizico-Chimie, pe care a absolvit-o în 1929. În 1937 a obțnut titlul de Doctor la aceeași universitate cu teza intitulată Fenomene de orientare la derivații fenolici în condensarea lor în acizii fenilglicolici (profesor coordonator: Constantin Vasile Gheorghiu).

Activitate profesională
Din 1932 și până la retragerea din activitate a activat în cadrul Laboratorului de Chimie organică, Facultatea de Chimie, Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași. A predat cursuri precum Sinteze organice speciale, Bazele teoretice ale chimiei organice, Chimie organică generală, Microanaliza compușilor organici etc. În paralel cu activitatea didactică a activat ca cercetător, fiind șef de sector in cadrul Institutului de Chimie "Petru Poni" din Iași (1951-1967). A dezvoltat studii în următoarele teme de cercetare: (1) sinteza derivaților acidului fenoxiacetic, (2) chimia cumaronelor, (3) legătura de hidrogen intramolecular la compușii o-hidronicarbonilici, (4) analiză organică elementară, (5) acțiunea izosulfocianaților asupra oximelor, (6) fenomene de sinteză în prezența compușilor organomagnezieni etc. A publicat peste 100 de lucrări în domeniu.

Publicații relevante (selecție)
Ultra-violet absorption spectra of some 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzophenones and their behaviour with regard to polyvinylchloride, Eur. Polym. J. 5 (1969) 505-509
The dissociation constants and spectral properties of 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzophenone derivatives, Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 36 (1971)1948-1954
NMR study of the acetylation of 2,3‐diphenylbenzofuran, Organic Magnetic Resonance 6 (1974) 327-330

Note

Nașteri în 1900
Decese în 1984
Chimiști români
Absolvenți ai Universității din Iași
Profesori universitari români
Cadre didactice universitare ale Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași
Oameni din ținutul Orhei

Boris Arventiev


Eray Ataseven (* 29. Juni 1993 in İzmit) ist ein türkischer Fußballspieler, der für Akhisar Belediyespor spielt.

Karriere

Verein
Eray Ataseven kam 1993 in İzmit zur Welt und begann hier mit dem Vereinsfußball in der Jugend von Manisa Belediyespor. 2006 wechselte er in die Jugend von Manisaspor. 2010 erhielt er einen Profi-Vertrag, spielte aber weiterhin für die Reservemannschaft. Im Laufe seiner zweiten Saison als Profi-Spieler wurde er parallel zu seiner Tätigkeit bei der Reserve auch am Training der Profis beteiligt. So machte er am 31. März 2012 in der Süper-Lig-Begegnung gegen Gençlerbirliği Ankara sein Debüt als Profispieler. Nach dem Abstieg von Manisaspor in die TFF 1. Lig verbrachte er dort noch die Saison 2012/13 und 2013/14, bevor er zusammen mit seinem Mannschaftskollegen Murat Gürbüzerol zum Süper-Lig-Aufsteiger Balıkesirspor wechselte.

Zur Saison 2017/18 wechselte er zum Erstligisten Akhisar Belediyespor.

Nationalmannschaft
Ataseven spielte neunmal für die türkische U-18- und siebenmal für die U-19-Jugendnationalmannschaft. In den _Jahren 2012 und 2013 folgten noch Einsätze für die türkischen U-20- U-21-Nationalmannschaften.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Türkischer Fußballpokal-Sieger
Fußballspieler (Balıkesirspor)
Fußballspieler (Manisaspor)
Geboren 1993
Sportler (İzmit)
Türke
Mann
Fußballspieler (Akhisarspor)

Eray Ataseven


CD16 ist ein zelluläres Oberflächenprotein und bezeichnet:
 CD16a
 CD16b

Abkürzung

CD16


Çeltikçi ist der Name mehrerer Orte in der Türkei:

Landkreise:
 Çeltikçi (Burdur) in der Provinz Burdur

Gemeinden:
 Çeltikçi (Kızılcahamam) im Landkreis Kızılcahamam der Provinz Ankara
 Çeltikçi (Mustafakemalpaşa) im Landkreis Mustafakemalpaşa der Provinz Bursa

Dörfer:
 Çeltikçi (Anamur) im Landkreis Anamur der Provinz Mersin
 Çeltikçi (Bergama) im Landkreis Bergama der Provinz İzmir
 Çeltikçi (Denizli) im zentralen Landkreis der Provinz Denizli
 Çeltikçi (Erdek) im Landkreis Erdek der Provinz Balıkesir
 Çeltikçi (Gediz) im Landkreis Gediz der Provinz Kütahya
 Çeltikçi (İnegöl) im Landkreis İnegöl der Provinz Bursa
 Çeltikçi (Manavgat) im Landkreis Manavgat der Provinz Antalya
 Çeltikçi (Orhangazi) im Landkreis Orhangazi der Provinz Bursa
 Çeltikçi (Silifke) im Landkreis Silifke der Provinz Mersin
 Çeltikçi (Tosya) im Landkreis Tosya der Provinz Kastamonu
 Çeltikçi (Yenişehir) im Landkreis Yenişehir der Provinz Bursa

Çeltikçi


බෙයිහාධ් (සිංහල: අසීමාන්තික) යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ  ඉන්දියානු ප්‍රේමනීය සංත්‍රාස සීමිත රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාවකි. මෙය 2016 ඔක්තෝබර් 11 දින සෝනි එන්ටර්ටේන්මන්ට් ටෙලිවිෂන් සහ සෝනි එන්ටර්ටේන්මන්ට් ටෙලිවිෂන් ඒෂියා ඔස්සේ විකාශය ඇරඹිණි. ප.ව. 8:30 යන අග්‍ර කාල අවකාශය ලද මෙම වැඩසටහන දෛනිකව සතියේ දිනවල විකාශය විය. ප්‍රබල ප්‍රේමාන්විත කෝණයකින් හෙබි බෙයිහාධ් මනෝවිද්‍යාත්මක ත්‍රාසකයකි. මෙමගින් මායා මෙහ්රෝත්‍රාගේ කථාපුවත නිරූපණය වන අතර ඇය සිය දෛවයට අභියෝග කරමින් අර්ජුන් සහ සාන්ජ්ගේ අතරට පැමිණේ. දෙමළ බසින් හඬකවන ලද මෙම කතාමාලාව මායා යන තේමාව යටතේ පොලිමර් ටීවී ඔස්සේ විකාශය ඇරඹියේ ය. එය 2017 ජනවාරි 2 සිට සඳුදා සිට සිකුරාදා තෙක් ප.ව. 7:00ට විකාශය විය. 2017 ජූනි 5 සිට 2017 ඔක්තෝබර් 28 තෙක් මෙහි තෙලිඟු හඬකැවූ ප්‍රභේදය ජෙමිනි ටීවී ඔස්සේ නුව්වු නාකු නච්චව් යන තේමාව යටතේ සඳුදා සිට සෙනසුරාදා තෙක් ප.ව. 8:00ට විකාශය විය. සූර්යා ටීවී ඔස්සේ මෙහි මලයාලම් හඬකැවූ ප්‍රභේදය ප්‍රේමම් ලෙස සඳුදා සිට සිකුරාදා තෙක් ප.ව. 10:00ට විකාශය විය. 2017 දෙසැම්බර් 4 දින සිට මෙහි සිංහල හඬකැවූ ප්‍රභේදය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ටීවී දෙරණ නාළිකාව ඔස්සේ ඔබත් මමත් ඇයත් යන තේමාව යටතේ සඳුදා සිට සිකුරාදා තෙක් ප.ව. 9:00ට විකාශය වේ. ජෙනිෆර් විංගට්, කුෂාල් ටන්ඩන් සහ අනේරි වජානි විසින් මෙම කතාමාලාවේ ප්‍රධාන චරිත නිරූපණය කරනු ලබයි. බෙයිහාධ්හි අවසන් කථාංගය 2017 ඔක්තෝබර් 27 දින විකාශය විය.   ජෙනිෆර් විංගට්ගේ විශිෂ්ට රංගනය හේතුවෙන් බෙයිහාධ් වෙත විශාල මාධ්‍ය ආවරණයක් හිමි විය. ඇගේ රංගනය ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ බොහෝදෙනකුගේ පැසසුමට ලක් විය.

චරිත නිරූපණය
ප්‍රධාන චරිත

 ජෙනිෆර් විංගට්, මායා මෙහ්රෝත්‍රා ලෙස (ප්‍රධාන කාන්තා චරිතය)
 කුෂාල් ටන්ඩන්, අර්ජුන් ෂර්මා ලෙස (ප්‍රධාන පිරිමි චරිතය)
 අනේරි වජානි, සාන්ජ් මාථුර් ලෙස (ද්විතීයික ප්‍රධාන කාන්තා චරිතය)

සෙසු චරිත

 සුමිත් භාරද්වාජ්, අයාන් ෂර්මා ලෙස (අර්ජුන්ගේ අර්ධ-සොයුරා)
 කවිතා ඝායි, ජාන්වි මෙහ්රෝත්‍රා ලෙස (මායාගේ මව)
 විභා භගත්, සුමන් ප්‍රේම් මාථුර් ලෙස (සාන්ජ්ගේ මව)
 රක්ෂිත් වාහි, ශුභ් ප්‍රේම් මාථුර් ලෙස (සාන්ජ්ගේ සොහොයුරා)

හිටපු චරිත

 පියුෂ් සහ්දේව්, රජීව් රන්ධාවා/ සමේ අහූජා ලෙස (මියගිය)
 ස්වාති ෂා, වන්දනා ෂර්මා ලෙස (අර්ජුන්ගේ සුළුමව සහ අයාන්ගේ මව, මියගිය)
 ඉම්රාන් ඛාන්, ප්‍රේම් මාථුර් ලෙස (සාන්ජ්ගේ පියා; මියගිය)
 රාජේශ් ඛට්ටාර්, අශ්වින් මෙහ්රෝත්‍රා ලෙස (මායාගේ පියායි; මියගිය/ ප්‍රධාන එදිරිවාදියා)

පසුබිම්

 යාහ්වි දුබේ, ළමා මායා මෙහ්රෝත්‍රා ලෙස
 ශා‍රද් ව්‍යාස්, මල්ඛානි මහතා ලෙස; සාන්ජ්ගේ ප්‍රධානියායි.
 ශ්‍රද්ධා ජයිස්වාල්, මායාගේ අසල්වැසියා ලෙස
 වෛෂ්ණවී ධන්රාජ්, පූජා ලෙස; මායාගේ නීතීඥවරියයි.
 කිරන් ශ්‍රීනිවාස්, ජීතේන්ද්‍ර කුමාර් ශ්‍රීවාස්තව් ලෙස; සාන්ජ්ගේ විවාහාපේක්ෂකයායි.

කතාමාලාව සමාලෝචනය

සම්මාන සහ නිර්දේශ

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

2010 දශකයේ ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
2016 ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා ඇරඹීම්
හින්දි-භාෂා රූපවාහිනී වැඩසටහන්
සංත්‍රාස රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
ඉන්දියානු අභිරහස් රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
ඉන්දියානු නාට්‍ය රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
මුම්බායි පසුබිමෙහි නිර්මාණය වූ රූපවාහිනී වැඩසටහන්
සෝනි එන්ටර්ටේන්මන්ට් ටෙලිවිෂන් කතාමාලා

බෙයිහාධ්


Koninklijke Akademie van Beeldende Kunsten kann sich beziehen auf:

 Koninklijke Akademie van Beeldende Kunsten (Amsterdam) (1820–1870)
 Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten in Amsterdam, seit 1870
 Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten van Antwerpen oder Koninklijke Akademie van Beeldende Kunsten in Antwerpen; seit 1664
 Koninklijke Academie van Beeldende Kunsten in Den Haag; seit dem 16. Jahrhundert


An Scleria harlandii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Henry Fletcher Hance. An Scleria harlandii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Scleria, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Scleria

Scleria harlandii


Platygaster demades, vrsta kukca iz porodice Platygastridae, red opnokrilaca (Hymenoptera). Uz vrste Orius majusculus i O. laevigatus smatra se korisnim jer je prirodni predator štetočina iz roda Dasineura, Dasineura tetensi (smotavac ribizle, kukac iz reda Diptera) koji napada crvenu i crnu ribizlu i Dasineura mali, koji napada jabuku.

Izvori

Utegnutozadčani

Platygaster demades


Hava korsanlığı veya uçak kaçırma, bir hava taşıtının silahla ya da zor kullanarak ele geçirilmesi. Uçak kaçırma çeşitli amaçlara hizmet edebilir, uçak kaçıranlar geçmişte yolcuları rehin almış ya da öldürmüş, hatta 11 Eylül saldırılarında görüldüğü gibi uçağı silah olarak kullanmıştır; uçak kaçırma siyasi ve şahsi nedenlere dayanabilir.

Kayıtlara geçen ilk uçak kaçırma olayı 1961'de Peru'da gerçekleşti. 1 Mayıs 1961 tarihinde Miami-Key West seferini yapan uçağın Antulio Ramirez isimli kişi tarafından Küba'ya kaçırılması üzerine hava korsanlığına ilişkin ilk yasal düzenleme aynı yıl ABD'de yapıldı. Bu yasayla hava korsanlığı, uçuştaki her türlü ticari hava taşıtını şiddet, zor ya da tehditle haksızca ele geçirmek ya da denetim altına almak biçiminde tanımlandı ve ağır cezalar getirildi. 1961 sonuna kadar 3 uçak kaçırma vakası daha gerçekleşti. 1963 yılında BM'nin üye ülkeleri bir sözleşme imzalamaya özendirmesinden 7 yıl sonra, 1970'te Lahey'de bir araya gelen yaklaşık 50 devlet uçak kaçırma üzerine bir sözleşme imzaladı. Sözleşmede uçak kaçıranların ilgili ülkeye teslim edilmesini gerektiren madde dikkat çeker. Ama yasal düzenlemelere karşın 1970'lerde gerek siyasi, gerekse özel nedenlerle uçak kaçırma eylemlerinde tırmanma gözlendi.

1970'lerde başta Filistinli gerillalar ve Kübalılar olmak üzere çeşitli gruplar değişik uçak kaçırma yöntemlerine başvurdular. 1973'te ABD Federal Havacılık İdaresi yolcuları arama uygulamasını başlattı. Silah taşıyıp taşımadıklarını anlamak için yolcuların ve yolcu bagajlarının X-ray aygıtlarıyla aranması ayrıca yolcuların uçağa binmek üzere geçtikleri kapılarda silahlı görevlilerin bulundurulması gibi yeni önlemlerle özellikle 1980'li yıllardan itibaren uçak kaçırma olaylarının sayısında belirgin bir azalma görüldü.

Kaynakça

İlgili bağlantılar
 Türkiye'deki uçak kaçırma eylemleri listesi
 11 Eylül saldırıları

Hava korsanlığı


Norbert Barthelmess ( - ) est un espérantiste allemand.

Biographie
Norbert Barthelmess nait le  à Düsseldorf, en Allemagne.

Œuvres

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Espérantiste allemand
Espérantisation en 1911
Naissance en février 1897
Naissance à Düsseldorf
Naissance dans la province de Rhénanie
Décès en novembre 1987
Décès à Bry-sur-Marne
Décès à 90 ans

Norbert Barthelmess


La Reserva Nacional Alto Loa es un área silvestre protegida de la Región de Antofagasta en Chile.

Descripción
Tras seis años de negociaciones, la Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Agricultura llegó a un acuerdo con la comunidad quechua de Ollagüe y con las empresas Codelco Norte y SQM, para la creación de la Reserva Nacional Alto El Loa, en la Región de Antofagasta. La idea fue resguardar 300 mil hectáreas en el área conocida como Alto El Loa, desde la frontera con Bolivia, al noreste, hasta los salares de Ascotán y Carcote, al suroeste.

Gran parte de este territorio está "repartido", es decir, los derechos de agua y de explotación minera fueron entregados hace muchos años, por lo que tuvieron que estar todos de acuerdo: mineras, comunidades originarias y el gobierno. SQM tiene pertenencias mineras en el salar de Carcote. De hecho, ingresó en 2004 al Sistema de Impacto Ambiental un proyecto para extraer anualmente 38 mil toneladas de ulexita -materia prima para fabricar ácido bórico y fertilizantes- desde el núcleo del humedal. Codelco Norte, también tiene pertenencias en Ascotán, pero no estaría dentro de sus intereses explotar la zona.

Se acordó respetar los derechos asignados antes de declarar la zona como Reserva Natural. Se compatibiliza entonces posibles faenas mineras con la protección del medio ambiente y de las 150 especies vegetales y 60 animales que habitan el área.

Situación con los pueblos originarios
Al interior del Consejo de Pueblos Atacameños, que agrupa a las comunidades lican antay (atacameña) y quechuas de la región, el tema de la explotación de los salares sigue pendiente. Están preocupados por la poca protección que tienen los humedales, donde anidan y se reproducen los flamencos de James, flamencos chilenos y flamencos andinos. Pero también están satisfechos por lo que han conseguido los pueblos originarios en el tema del etno turismo. La comunidad quechua de Ollagüe, poblado fronterizo 205 km al noreste de Calama, se hará cargo de la explotación turística de la reserva, con el fin de proteger el patrimonio natural y cultural, en terrenos que reclaman como propios.

Características

Alto El Loa sería la primera reserva nacional que se crea con identidad indígena. Los quechuas serán parte de la mesa directiva que administará la zona, lo que traerá desarrollo local, no sólo protección para la diversidad biológica.

La idea es que los quechuas de la zona puedan lograr lo mismo que los atacameños en la Reserva Nacional Los Flamencos, en San Pedro de Atacama, que el 2004 generaron $200 millones administrando turísticamente sitios como el Valle de la Luna y la laguna Chaxa, en el Salar de Atacama.

Clima
Grande porción del territorio que comprende la Reserva nacional Alto Loa se ubica dentro de un  clima árido frío (BWk), según la clasificación climática de Köppen. Esta área se caracteriza por la fuerte oscilación térmica, cuyas temperaturas que se mueven entre -23 °C y 25 °C. Existen precipitaciones ocasionales durante el año principalmente durante el "invierno altiplánico".

                                                    Climograma de la Estación Avaroa (Bolivia), cerca de 25 km de la Reserva Alto Loa.  Fuente: GeoKLIMA

Referencias

Alto Loa
Áreas protegidas de la Región de Antofagasta
Calama
Loa

Reserva nacional Alto Loa


Zgrada Hrvatskog doma u gradiću Visu, Obala sv. Jurja 28/30, predstavlja zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Dvokatnicu Hrvatskoga doma podignuli su članovi rodoljubnog društva "Viški skup" uz pomoć iseljenika 1905. godine na obali u viškoj luci. Oblikovana je u neogotičkom stilu s horizontalnom raščlambom pročelja – kamenim prizemljem iz masivnog bunjata s nizom otvora slomljenog luka, prvim katom s visokim biforama i drugim katom s nizom bifora i okruglih prozora potkrovlja. Zidovi su obrađeni imitacijom opeke od terakota žbuke na kojoj se ističe bijela kamena plastika otvora. Ugaoni toranj koji završava kamenim kruništem daje građevini dijelom fortifikacijski izgled. U interijeru prvoga kata je očuvan izvorni izgled dvorane s pozornicom koja je smještena na prvom katu te visinom zauzima dvije etaže.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-6229 zavedena je pod vrstom "nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno", pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "javne građevine".

Izvori

Zaštićene javne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Građevine u Visu

Zgrada Hrvatskog doma u Visu


تي آر دي أو تطوير تويوتا للسباقات  هي إحدى فروع شركة تويوتا للسيارات و تقوم بتصنيع قطع غيار ما بعد البيع الرياضية لكل من سيارات تويوتا ، لكزس و سايون.

يقوم هذا الفرع بتطوير قطع الغيار و توفيرها لسيارات الطرق العادية لدعم كفائتها وتلبية لرغبات بعض عشاق رياضات السيارات. توفر عدة قطع مثل أنظمة التعليق و الفرامل و الإطارات وغيرها. تتوفر هذه القطع من خلال موزعيها، كما تم تغيير اسم قطعها المخصصة لسيارات لكزس إلى إف-سبورت لتمييزها عن تي آر دي. يوجد لبعض شركات السيارات فروع مماثلة مثل مازداسبيد (مازدا) ، نيسمو (نيسان) ، راليارت (ميتسوبيشي) ، ميوجن (هوندا) ، إس تي آي (سوبارو) ، أ إم جي (مرسيديس) ، إم (بي إم دابليو) و آر إس (أودي).

مراجع

تي آر دي
تويوتا
شركات متعددة الجنسيات

تي آر دي


Üç boyutlu ses veya İngilizce adıyla "environmental audio" veya "surround sound", seslerin geliş yönlerini gerçekçi bir şekilde ayarlama teknolojisidir. Örneğin, kullanıcının arkasından gelmesi gereken su sesi gerçekten de arkasından geliyormuş gibi yollanır.

Gerçek üç boyutlu ses

Üç boyutlu sesi yaratmanın en basit ve en gerçekçi yolu bu ses için gerekli sayıda hoparlör kullanmaktır: örneğin sinemalarda veya 5.1 ve 7.1 ses sistemlerde bu teknoloji kullanılır. Bu tür teknolojilerde başarının en önemli faktörü hoparlörlerin kullanıcılara göre olan pozisyonlarını doğru ayarlayabilmektir.

Bu pozisyona olan hassaslık, bazı ortamlarda sorun çıkartabilir: örneğin sinemada bir filmi ortadan ve sol köşeden izlemek arasında muazzam farklar olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, büyük yatırımlarla yaratılmış bir gerçek üç boyutlu ses sistemini aynı anda kullanabilecek kullanıcı sayısı kısıtlı olmaktadır.

Gerçek üç boyutlu sesi yaratırken gerçekliğe yaklaşmak için hoparlör sayısını artırmak gereklidir: sağ, sol, orta, ön, ön sol, ön sağ, ..., alt sol, alt orta, alt ön orta derken gerekli hoparlör miktarı artmakta ve bunları bir odaya koymak zorlaştırmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, yüksek sayıdaki hoparlörün seslerini saklamak, üretmek ve senkronize etmek maliyetleri artırmaktadır.

Sanal üç boyutlu ses

Öte yandan, bu konuyla ilgili başka bir ilginç nokta vardır: insanlar iki kulakları olmasına rağmen üç boyutlu ses duyabilmekte, yukarıdan, aşağıdan, önden ve arkadan gelen sesleri ayırt edebilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, sadece iki hoparlör kullanarak insanlara üç boyutlu ses izlenimi vermenin mümkün olması beklenir.

Sanal üç boyutlu sesi yaratırken fark edilen en basit iki fenomen kulaklar arası ses şiddeti farkı (interaural intensity difference) ve kulaklar arası zaman farkıdır (interaural time difference). Daha detaylı bilgi için sağ ve sol taraftaki şemalara bakabilirsiniz. Bu iki fenomeni bir araya getirerek ve lineer olmayan kombinasyonlar kullanarak sesi kullanıcının sağ kulağının yanından çıkartıp, önüne (tepesine değil, önüne) ve ardından da sol tarafında getirebiliriz. Buna ek olarak, hafifçe bas seviyeleriyle oynayarak arkasına da simetrik şekilde geçirebilir, klasik "helikopter" efektini çok az efor sarfederek (sesi yer yer kısarak ve senkronizasyonu ile hafifçe oynayarak, başka bir deyişle sadece çarpma ve toplama yaparak) yaratabiliriz.

Sanal aleme dökmesi daha zor olan fenomenler ise ortamın kendisi ve kulakla alakalı olanlardır:

 Eğer dikkatli bakacak olursak, kulağın son derece asimetrik ve her yönden değişik kavislere sahip bir yapısı olduğunu görebiliriz. Bu kavisler, kulağın özellikle orta ve yüksek dalga boyunda (6 ile 15 santimetre arası) olan ses frekanslarına yönüne bağlı olarak filtrelenmesine olanak sağlar.
 Ortam ile alakalı olan fenomenler ise yankı gibi basitçe taklit edilebilenlerden küçük çıkıntılar gibi karmaşık denklemlerle ancak çözülebilenlere kadar büyük bir dalda değişiklik gösterir.

Genelde piyasada bulabileceğiniz sanal üç boyutlu ses üreticileri kulaklar arası ses ve zaman farkı, yankı ve basit dalga boyu şiddeti oynamaları yaparak gerçekçi sonuçları az işlemci kullanarak üretebilmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar

 Interactive 3D Audio Rendering Guidelines Level 1.0
 Interactive 3D Audio Rendering Guidelines Level 2.0

Elektronik
Film ve video teknolojisi
Ses teknolojileri

Üç boyutlu ses


Crivelli este un nume de familie. Printre persoanele notabile care au purtat acest nume se numără:
 Alessandro Crivelli (1514-1574), cardinal italian
 Carlo Crivelli (c.1435-c.1495), pictor renascentist venețian
 Domenico Crivelli (c.1793-1856), tenor și profesor de canto italiano-englez
 Lucrezia Crivelli, model pentru La Belle Ferronière
 Taddeo Crivelli (fl. 1451, mort prin 1479), pictor de manuscrise ale școlii de la Ferrara (cunoscut, de asemenea, sub numele de Taddeo da Ferrara)
 Umberto Crivelli (d. 1187), numele la naștere al Papei Urban al III-lea
 Vittorio Crivelli (c.1440-c.1501), pictor italian, fratele lui Carlo Crivelli
 Giovanni Francesco Crivelli (1691-1743), fizician și profesor italian
 Enzo Crivelli (n. 1995), fotbalist francez care joacă la Girondins Bordeaux

Nume de familie

Crivelli (nume)


Robert Emmanuel Pires (born 29 October 1973) is a French football coach and former professional player. He is widely considered as one of Arsenal's greatest ever players.

Pires played for French clubs Metz and Marseille prior to his time with Arsenal, where he won three FA Cups and two Premier League titles, including the club's unbeaten season of 2003–04. A former France international, Pires earned 79 caps between 1996 and 2004 for his country, including winning both the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000. He has been included in the PFA Team of the Year for the 2001–02, 2002–03 and 2003–04 seasons, was the Player of the Tournament for the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup, FWA Player of the Year for the 2001–02 season, Ligue 1 Young Player of the Year for the 1995–96 season, and was included in the FIFA 100 by Pelé. He was also voted by Arsenal fans as the sixth greatest player in the club's history.

Pires played the majority of his career as a left winger, but could also play all across the midfield or in a position to support the forward line. Pires used to be a coach at Arsenal.

Early years
Pires was born in Reims, France, to a Portuguese father and Asturian mother. Pires, the elder of two boys, spent most of his childhood dressed in two football shirts that reflected his divided loyalty. One was a Benfica shirt (his father was a fan) and the other was a Real Madrid shirt. Pires confessed he had difficulty in school because he did not speak French well at the time, due to the fact his parents only spoke Spanish and Portuguese. His passion for football was inherited from his father, António, who played with Les Corpo, a local team, and every Saturday night Pires would watch him play. At the age of 15, Pires left school and began his dream of a career in football with a two-year sports degree course in Reims. At the insistence of his mother, Pires continued with Reims and eventually was called up four years later.

Club career

France
Pires is a graduate of the FC Metz youth academy, making his senior debut in 1993 against Lyon. During his six seasons there, he scored 43 goals in 162 matches, and won the Coupe de la Ligue, prompting a £5 million move to Olympique de Marseille in 1998. Pires had a mixed two-year stay in Provence; his first season saw Marseille miss the 1998–99 French Division 1 title by a point (he had been even closer the year before when Metz had finished runners-up on goal difference) and they also reached the 1999 UEFA Cup Final, losing to Parma. His second season saw him suffer a spate of on- and off-field problems which led him to boycott the club at the season's end.

Arsenal

2000–01
Pires was signed by Arsenal for £6 million in 2000, after stiff competition from Real Madrid and Juventus, replacing Marc Overmars, who had left for Barcelona for a record £25 million. He made his debut as a substitute against Sunderland on 19 August 2000. Initially, Pires' form was indifferent, and some people criticised him after his comments that the English game was too physical. However, he slowly began to regain the form he had shown at Metz, scoring a superb solo goal in October 2000, his first for Arsenal, against Lazio in the 2000–01 Champions League. Days later he scored his first league goal in a 2–1 win against West Ham United. During his time at Arsenal Pires had a habit of scoring against rivals Tottenham Hotspur, something he did on eight occasions. The first of such occasions came in a league game on 31 March 2001 when Arsenal won 2–0. A week later he scored against Tottenham again, this time the winner in the FA Cup semi-finals. However, Arsenal went on to lose the Cup final to Liverpool 2–1; Pires set up Arsenal's goal for Freddie Ljungberg.

2001–02
By 2001–02, Pires had fully got to grips with the English game and had one of his best seasons. Pires scored superb goals against Middlesbrough and Aston Villa. Against Aston Villa, Pires chased after a long ball by Freddie Ljungberg, and lobbed the ball over the pursuing George Boateng, and finished off the move with a delightful lob over Peter Schmeichel. Pires also scored in a 1–1 draw against Tottenham at White Hart Lane, which would commence a sequence of five consecutive league seasons in which he would score in the North London Derby away at their rivals. He led the Premier League assist charts and was voted both FWA Footballer of the Year and Arsenal's player of the season, as Arsenal won the league title. Pires provided the assist for Dennis Bergkamp when he scored his memorable pirouette goal against Newcastle United. However weeks later against the same opposition in the FA Cup Pires suffered a cruciate ligament injury (a game in which he had earlier scored). This also ruled him out of playing in the 2002 FA Cup Final and the 2002 World Cup with France.

2002–03
After a lengthy layoff, Pires made his comeback in November 2002 as a substitute against AJ Auxerre in the UEFA Champions League. Although Pires initially found it tough, he eventually returned to form, scoring 14 Premiership goals in 20 starts that season, including a hat-trick against Southampton on the penultimate day of the season. Other highlights included scoring twice against Fulham, including a last minute winner, and his customary goal at White Hart Lane. Pires was voted the Premier League Player of the Month for February 2003. Pires capped off his season by scoring the winning goal in the FA Cup Final against Southampton.

2003–04
He went on to be a crucial part of Arsenal's quest for the Premier League title in the 2003–04 season, which they achieved, remaining unbeaten and becoming the first English top flight club to do so in 115 years. Pires and his Arsenal teammate Thierry Henry were instrumental in that season, scoring a combined 57 goals in all competitions. Pires made a sluggish start to the campaign, with just one goal to his name (against Everton) prior to October, but a wonder-goal against Liverpool at Anfield kick-started his season. Pires showed football fans his sublime technique, skills and finishing, most notably with his goals against Liverpool, Bolton Wanderers, and Leeds United. He surprised a lot of people with a world class tackle on Claude Makélélé and, following that, a run into the penalty box which dragged William Gallas and John Terry away, thus making space for Patrick Vieira to have a one-on-one with the Chelsea goalkeeper and subsequently scoring. Arsenal won that match 2–1, with Vieira's goal the equaliser. That day of Premier League action proved decisive, as Manchester United's failure to beat Leeds United during the same day resulted in Arsenal getting a huge lead in the title race. Arsenal never lost 1st place in the table for the rest of the season. In the UEFA Champions League quarter-final's 1st leg match against Chelsea, Pires managed to beat John Terry to a header, which resulted in the equaliser for Arsenal, after Eiður Guðjohnsen had given Chelsea the lead. However, Arsenal were eliminated after they lost 1–2 in the return leg, courtesy of an 87th minute Wayne Bridge goal. Pires also scored home and away against Tottenham Hotspur. He showed his playmaking skills in a goal against Tottenham at White Hart Lane, in which Pires was the architect in building up the goal, and capped off the move with a goal to score Arsenal's 2nd goal of the game. Tottenham refused to give up, and managed to claw their way back and claimed a 2–2 draw. Despite that, Arsenal won the title after the match. Pires finished that season with an impressive tally of 14 goals and seven assists in the Premier League. He was Arsenal's second top scorer (behind Thierry Henry) and had the joint amount of assists (along with Dennis Bergkamp) that season.

2004–05
In the 2004–05 season, Pires finished third in the Premiership goalscorers' table with 14 goals, behind teammate Thierry Henry and Crystal Palace's Andrew Johnson. Pires also picked up a second FA Cup winners' medal; he scored in the semi-final against Blackburn Rovers and then Arsenal beat Manchester United on penalties in the final. Pires was replaced by Edu in the 2nd half of extra time in that match.

2005–06
During the 2005–06 season, Pires started the season poorly, and players such as Freddie Ljungberg, José Antonio Reyes and Alexander Hleb were preferred to him on both wings. As the season progressed, though, Pires' form improved, outscoring his selection rivals overall despite a bizarre penalty incident with Thierry Henry against Manchester City when Pires, having scored from the spot earlier in the game, tried passing it to Arsenal's star striker but Henry missed the ball and it went down as a penalty miss. Highlights in the league that season included scoring at White Hart Lane for the fifth consecutive season (his eighth and final goal against Tottenham) to help Arsenal salvage a 1–1 draw, and also scoring in the last game at Highbury against Wigan Athletic. Pires was instrumental in Arsenal's Quarter Final Champions League first leg against Juventus, where Arsenal won 2–0. Pires successfully tackled Patrick Vieira and fed the ball to Thierry Henry who passed to Fàbregas to score Arsenal's first goal, the first time that Pires had gotten the better of Vieira.

Pires played his last game for Arsenal in the UEFA Champions league final against Barcelona in Paris, which Arsenal ultimately lost 2–1. However, Pires was substituted after only 18 minutes when goalkeeper Jens Lehmann was sent off and had to be replaced with Manuel Almunia. Pires later said Wenger's decision to substitute him "killed" him: "the fact that I was substituted and only allowed to play 18 minutes remains painful, there's no point denying that... Wenger knows it and we still talk about it. I'll never agree that he made the right decision."

Departure
During the 2005–06 season, Pires wrangled with Arsenal over a new contract, in the hope of a new two-year deal. In keeping with the club's policy regarding players over 30, Pires was only offered a 12-month extension to his contract, which expired in June 2006.

In May 2006, Pires agreed to an offer from Villarreal after a month of speculation, during which time he and Arsenal defeated Villarreal in the Champions League semi-final.

One of the main reasons Pires gave for leaving Arsenal was that he felt he was no longer a first choice under manager Arsène Wenger. Pires was quoted saying: "I have to say I have had some disappointments this season. For instance, I was on the bench very often". Pires additionally suggested that Wenger's decision to withdraw him in the UEFA Champions League Final showed he had slipped in the eyes of his French boss. Pires said that he felt hurt by how Wenger did not trust him anymore, which was a major factor that convinced him that it was time to move on from Arsenal.

On the official Arsenal matchday program for the game against Wigan Athletic on 11 February 2007, Pires revealed his heartbreak of being substituted so early on during the Champions League final. Pires stated: "I was very disappointed. When I saw my number on the fourth official's board to be substituted, I couldn't believe it. It was my last game after six years at the club, a Champions League Final in front of all my family in Paris where I became World Cup champion and it lasted just 12 minutes. That was very hard to take".

On 11 July 2008, Arsenal fans voted Pires as the club's sixth greatest player of all time.

Villarreal
In May 2006, Pires agreed to join Spanish side Villarreal on a two-year contract. He joined on a free transfer, subject to passing a medical, bringing to an end his six-year career as an Arsenal player. After Villarreal were eliminated in the semi-finals of the 2006 Champions League by Arsenal, Villarrael coach Manuel Pellegrini had wanted to sign Arsenal's Pires or Thierry Henry.

He scored his first goal for the club in 3–3 pre-season draw with Newcastle United on 5 August 2006. However, on 18 August 2006, Pires damaged the cruciate ligament in his left knee in a friendly match against Cádiz and required corrective surgery to alleviate the problem, which kept him out of action for seven months in his new club in Spanish top flight. Pires finally recovered from knee injury and made his first league appearance for Villarreal as a second-half substitute when he was named in Villarreal's squad to face Real Sociedad on 17 March 2007. Pires scored his first league goal on his return from injury in a 3–3 draw away to Real Betis on 31 March 2007. After three appearances as a substitute, Pires made his first start for Villarreal on 22 April 2007 against Barcelona. He opened the scoring for his team to defeat league leaders Barcelona 2–0, avenging his premature departure against Barcelona in the Champions League Final the previous May.

On 13 May 2007, in a 4–1 win at Osasuna, Pires scored a seventh-minute opener as Villarreal continued their late-season push for a European spot. The run took Villarreal, at 11th spot without him in the side, to the brink of a UEFA Cup place in barely six weeks. Villarreal ended the season in 5th spot wherein Pires played crucial roles in helping Villarreal with the late charge up winning each of their final eight games and an entry into the UEFA Cup.

The 2007–08 season was marked by the ongoing saga between Juan Román Riquelme and the board of Villarreal. Despite this distraction, Pires' leadership qualities helped Villarreal to win six of their opening eight games. Against Barcelona at El Madrigal, Pires' technique earned the Yellow Submarine two penalties which were duly converted by captain Marcos Senna. Villarreal ended up finishing second in La Liga behind Real Madrid, which was their best league finish in history, beating Barcelona into third place.

In 2009, Pires faced former club Arsenal in the quarter-finals of the UEFA Champions League, coming on as a 70th-minute substitute in the first leg and playing the full 90 minutes at the Emirates Stadium. Villarreal were defeated 4–1 on aggregate, but Pires received a warm return from the Arsenal supporters, who sang his name throughout both legs.

Pires was told in May 2010 that his contract would not be extended and he would have to look for a new club during the summer as Villarreal will be "changing their philosophy".

Aston Villa
Pires returned to England and trained at London Colney – Arsenal's training ground, in order to keep his fitness levels up. In October 2010, it was reported that Conference National club Crawley Town intended to talk to Pires about joining them for some part of the season, but the player's spokesman said they were "not aware of any interest" from that club.

On 16 November 2010, Aston Villa boss Gérard Houllier had been in talks with representatives of Pires. On 18 November, the 37-year-old midfielder completed his move to Aston Villa on a six-month contract. He made his Villa début in the Premier League on 21 November as a second-half substitute, although his new club were beaten 2–0 by Blackburn Rovers. Pires' arrival at the club was praised by many of Villa's senior players, including Gabriel Agbonlahor, Stewart Downing Pires scored his first goal for Aston Villa in the 3–1 FA Cup win against Blackburn Rovers on 29 January 2011. His next start was also against Blackburn Rovers in the Premier League on 26 February. His performance in Villa's 4–1 win was described by Sky Sports as "his most influential" since joining the club.

In early March, Pires announced that he would like to remain at Aston Villa for the 2011–12 season. Villa boss Gérard Houllier responded positively to this claim, but admitted that no decision would be made until the Summer of 2011. However, he was released by the club on 27 May 2011 after the 2010–11 season finished.

In September 2011, Pires made a guest appearance for Scottish Premier League side Hibernian in Ian Murray's Testimonial match at Easter Road.

FC Goa, India (retirement and coaching)

In September 2013, Pires made a guest appearance for Premier League Aston Villa in Stiliyan Petrov's Testimonial match at Celtic Park.

In July 2014, Pires announced a comeback to promote the launch of the Indian Super League. On 2 September 2014, he was signed by FC Goa, becoming their marquee signing. The 40-year-old came out of retirement to play for Goa, one of eight teams in the newly created league, and he captained the team.

"For me the project and the passion for the game are very important. India needs a start. You need to progress. And for me, that was important. I had offers from the USA and Qatar but I wanted to be part of a new beginning for the sport in India. As for the conditions, we all know about them – but I'm ready and training hard. I like the pressure", he said. Pires is a regular at Arsenal's training ground, using the facilities to stay fit, and said that he spoke to Arsène Wenger about playing in India: "He told me if you have it in you and if you have the passion to go play in India, then do it. And I think I'm ready." "The reception at the airport was amazing", he said, on his unveiling in India, before adding, "Thank you for the welcome India... and the spicy food."

Pires made his league debut for Goa on 15 October 2014, a 2–1 defeat to Chennaiyin FC.

On 25 October 2014, he was given a two-match ban for insulting Atlético de Kolkata's manager Antonio López Habas. He scored his first league goal on 13 November 2014 in a 4–1 away win over Delhi Dynamos.

Pires was released by Goa on 13 March 2015. On 25 February 2016, Pires announced his retirement from professional football.

Pires expressed interest in and was approached by Arsène Wenger with regard to coaching. As of 2016, Pires has commenced a career as a footballing coach with the first team at Arsenal.

International career
Pires was part of France's 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000 winning squads, but had to miss the 2002 World Cup due to an injury he sustained playing for Arsenal. He also played in 1996 Olympic Games and Euro 2004. However, a dispute in late 2004 with French national coach Raymond Domenech put a halt to Pires' international career. He won 79 caps for his country and scored 14 goals. He won the Golden Ball (for most outstanding football) and Golden Shoe (for most goals scored) awards at the 2001 Confederations Cup in South Korea/Japan. Pires provided a golden goal assist during his international career, providing David Trézéguet with the match-winning ball in the Euro 2000 final.

Personal life

In 1992, during his initial year at FC Metz, Pires met his first wife, Nathalie. The two were married for six years and divorced in 2003. Pires told The Daily Mirror that his divorce ruined him and affected him professionally, interfering with his concentration and sleep. He also blamed it for his odd behavior, such as publicly fighting with French coach Raymond Domenech in early 2004.

Shortly after the split from Nathalie, Pires met French model Jessica Lemarie through mutual friends. On 10 August 2005, she gave birth to the couple's first child, Naia. Since then, Lemarie and Pires have married and had a son named Theo, born 11 July 2007.

On 17 January 2012, Pires became an ambassador for Grassroot Soccer, an international non-profit that uses the power of football to educate, inspire, and mobilize communities to stop the spread of HIV.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Pires goal.

Honours
Metz
Coupe de la Ligue: 1995–96

Arsenal
Premier League: 2001–02, 2003–04
FA Cup: 2002–03, 2004–05
UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2005–06

France
FIFA World Cup: 1998
UEFA European Championship: 2000
FIFA Confederations Cup: 2001, 2003

Individual
Division 1 Young Player of the Year: 1995–96
FWA Footballer of the Year: 2001–02
PFA Team of the Year: 2001–02 Premier League, 2002–03 Premier League, 2003–04 Premier League
Premier League Player of the Month: February 2003
Arsenal Player of the Season: 2001−02
FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Ball: 2001
FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Shoe: 2001
FIFA 100
Équipe type spéciale 20 ans des trophées UNFP: 2011

Orders
Knight of the Legion of Honour: 1998

References

External links

Profile at Arsenal.com
Profiles at sporting-heroes.net

1973 births
Living people
French people of Spanish descent
French people of Portuguese descent
French people of Asturian descent
Footballers from Reims
French men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Men's association football midfielders
Stade de Reims players
FC Metz players
Olympique de Marseille players
Arsenal F.C. players
Villarreal CF players
Aston Villa F.C. players
FC Goa players
Ligue 1 players
Premier League players
La Liga players
Indian Super League marquee players
Indian Super League players
France men's under-21 international footballers
Olympic footballers for France
France men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
1998 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2000 players
European champions for France
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
FIFA Confederations Cup-winning players
FIFA 100
French expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Spain
French expatriate sportspeople in India
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in India
Arsenal F.C. non-playing staff
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Association football people awarded knighthoods

Robert Pires


The United Farmers of Alberta (UFA) is an association of Alberta farmers that has served different roles in its 100-year history – as a lobby group, a successful political party, and as a farm-supply retail chain. As a political party, it formed the government of Alberta from 1921 to 1935.

Since 1935, it has primarily been an agricultural supply cooperative headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. , UFA operates 34 farm and ranch supply stores in Alberta and over 110 fuel stations in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Founding as lobby group
UFA was founded in 1909 as a government lobby group following a merger between the Alberta Farmers' Association and Alberta branches of the Canadian Society for Equity. The UFA began as a non-partisan organization whose aim was to be a lobby group promoting the interest of farmers in the province. In 1913, under president William John Tregillus, the UFA successfully pressured Alberta's Liberal government to organize the Alberta Farmers' Cooperative Elevator Company (AFCEC), which joined with other Prairie elevator companies to eventually become the United Grain Growers.
Tregillus was the first president of the AFCEC.

The UFA was a believer in the co-operative movement and supported women's suffrage. In 1912 women founded the parallel United Farm Women of Alberta, and in 1914, women were granted full membership rights in UFA itself.

By 1920, UFA had become the most influential lobby group in Alberta with over 30,000 registered members.

Political history

Entry into politics
Under pressure of losing influence to the upstart Alberta Non-Partisan League – which ran in four rural constituencies in the 1917 provincial election, winning two – and dissatisfied with the existing political parties, UFA entered the political arena in 1919. Some prominent UFA members (including its president, Henry Wise Wood) at first opposed entering into direct politics, as opposed to lobbying, however, because they thought abandoning the UFA's non-partisan policy would cause the UFA to break up.

In 1919, the UFA won a by-election in the Cochrane constituency. In 1921, Robert Gardiner won a seat in a federal by-election, becoming UFA's first Member of Parliament.
Encouraged by this, UFA ran in 45 of Alberta's 61 ridings in the 1921 provincial election. To the surprise of nearly everyone, including themselves, UFA took 38 seats in the election, winning a majority government, and sweeping the Liberals out of power after almost 16 years. UFA and Progressive party candidates also captured all but two of the Alberta federal seats in the 1921 federal election (the other two were taken by Labour candidates).

Majority governments
As was the case with other United Farmer governments in Manitoba and Ontario, the UFA was elected unexpectedly and without a leader. To form its cabinet it went outside the Legislature to recruit a Premier, as did the other United Farmer governments. The UFA even approached Liberal leader Charles Stewart to remain as premier. Stewart declined, however, not wanting to lead the assembly as a member of the opposition. UFA President Henry Wise Wood also declined, and Vice-President Percival Baker, an elected MLA, died 24 hours after the election. Ultimately, UFA executive member Herbert Greenfield was named the first UFA Premier. Among his cabinet were Irene Parlby, the second female cabinet minister in the British Empire, and Calgary Labour Party MLA Alex Ross as Minister of Public Works.

The United Farmers government initiated several reforms, including improving medical care, broadening labour rights and making the tax system fairer. It made good on its promise of electoral reform, bringing in a measure of proportional representation through the STV. In 1923, the government formed the Alberta Wheat Pool and upset some of its support base by ending Prohibition, replacing it with open sale of alcohol through government-owned liquor stores and carefully regulated beer parlours, and refusing to establish a provincial bank, a bank owned by the provincial government, despite UFA conventions calling for it.

In 1925, John E. Brownlee, who was already widely believed to be the "true" leader of the United Farmers, succeeded Greenfield as Premier. Brownlee led the party to a second majority government in the 1926 election.

In 1929, after years of negotiating, Brownlee gained control over Alberta's natural resources. This was a right other provinces were granted at Confederation or upon entry into Confederation, but which Alberta and Saskatchewan were denied when they became provinces in 1905, instead receiving a yearly cash subsidy from the federal government. This deal would later become a critical factor in Alberta's economic success as the province's oil deposits were exploited.

Riding a wave of popularity resulting from this agreement, Brownlee led the United Farmers to a third majority government in the 1930 election, despite alienating socialists and labour groups as he led the party in a conservative fashion, and despite the quickly deteriorating financial conditions.

Decline
The Great Depression had a critical impact on the United Farmers' fortunes, as the crash in grain prices and simultaneous drought in southern Alberta hurt its support base, farmers. The government, with reduced tax revenue, engaged in cuts in services, staff and wages. The province was in debt after the grandiose spending of the relatively prosperous 1920s. The government also bailed out the hard-pressed Alberta Wheat Pool in 1929. Banks were repossessing the farms of many farmers who were unable to pay off their loans and interest when grain prices were lower than the cost of production. The government's Liberal and Conservative opponents grew louder and they hoped to become popular. At the same time, however, the government faced opposition from socialists calling for more interventionist anti-capitalist policies and for radical monetary reform. The latter stance was supported by William Aberhart's Social Credit movement, which in 1933–35 grew to a potent force among the province's farmers.

Henry Wise Wood retired as president of the UFA, more-radical-minded UFA MP Robert Gardiner, a member of the Ginger Group became president; the UFA conventions passed increased calls for strong government measures to address the province's widespread poverty; the UFA joined with the Canadian Labour Party and other political groups to help found the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, the first Canada-wide farmer/labour political party (other than the revolutionary Communist Party of Canada). Premier Brownlee on more than one occasion opposed the UFA's leftward slide. The final blow for Brownlee occurred when he was caught up in a sex scandal as he was accused of seducing a young clerk working in the Attorney General's office. Brownlee resigned in disgrace in July 1934.

Richard G. Reid succeeded Brownlee as Premier, however with many voters jumping to the new Social Credit Party, the United Farmers' fall in politics was as rapid as its rise. The party was wiped off the political map in the 1935 election, losing all of its seats and tallying only 11 percent of the vote.

Of the nine UFA MPs elected in the 1930 federal election, eight joined the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation after it was formed in 1932. All eight ran as CCF candidates in the 1935 federal election and were defeated by a Social Credit landslide. The ninth UFA MP, William Thomas Lucas of Camrose, ran as a Conservative and was also defeated by the Socreds.

Two years after the UFA government was defeated, the organization withdrew from electoral politics. In 1938, the CCF committed itself to run candidates in the next provincial and elections, setting up local riding clubs for that purpose. In 1939, UFA officially disbanded its political arm, still continuing as a farmers supply co-operative. Many of the left-wing members of the UFA organization joined the CCF, though that party would not win the support of most former UFA voters. Many right-wing and centrist members of the UFA joined the Alberta Unity Movement, an attempt to form a coalition between United Farmers, Liberals and Conservatives to defeat Social Credit in the 1940 provincial election.

The CCF was folded into the New Democratic Party in 1961. Its Alberta wing claims the Alberta CCF's history as its own, thus making it a linear descendant of the UFA.

Federal politics
The United Farmers of Alberta ran candidates in several federal elections in alignment with, but usually to the left of, the Progressive Party of Canada with a number of UFA MPs sitting in the House of Commons with the Ginger Group of left wing MPs.

Following Robert Gardiner's election in a federal by-election prior to the 1921 election, Alberta farmer ran 14 candidates (some as UFA, some as Progressive Party candidates) in the 1921 federal election, not running in two Calgary ridings where strong Labour candidates carried the farmer-worker banner. All the UFA candidates (and the two Calgary Labour candidates) were elected, the incumbent Liberal MPs and Conservative contenders not getting one seat. In 1926, the province's Progressive MPs ran for re-election as UFA candidates. Eight of the UFA's 9 remaining MPs joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation when it was formed in 1932. All eight ran as CCF candidates in the 1935 federal election and were defeated. The ninth, William Thomas Lucas, ran as a Conservative in 1935 and was also defeated by the Social Credit landslide that were elections in Alberta that year.

Federal election results

UFA MPs
George Gibson Coote – accountant, Macleod, Alberta – elected as Progressive 1921, 1925, UFA 1926, 1930, (def as CCF 1935)
Robert Gardiner – farmer, Acadia, Alberta – elected as Progressive 1921, 1925, UFA 1926, 1930, (def as CCF 1935)
Ted Garland – farmer, Bow River, Alberta – elected as Progressive 1921–1925, UFA 1926–1930, (def as CCF 1935)
William Irvine – author, clergyman, farmer, worker – elected in East Calgary as Labour 1921, (def 1925), elected as UFA in Wetaskiwin, Alberta 1926, 1930, (def as CCF 1935)
Lincoln Henry Jelliff, Lethbridge, AB, elected as Progressive 1921, 1925, UFA 1926
Donald Ferdinand Kellner, Edmonton East, AB, elected as Progressive 1921, (def 1925), UFA 1926 (def. 1930)
Donald MacBeth Kennedy – farmer, Peace River, Alberta – elected as Progressive 1921, 1925, UFA 1926, 1930 (def as CCF 1935)
William Thomas Lucas – farmer, Victoria – elected as UFA 1921 Camrose 1925, 1926, 1930 (def as Conservative 1935)
Michael Luchkovich – teacher, Vegreville, Alberta – elected as UFA 1926, 1930, (def as CCF 1935)
Alfred Speakman – farmer, Red Deer, Alberta – elected as UFA 1921, 1925, 1926, 1930 (def as CCF 1935)
Henry Elvins Spencer – farmer, printer, publisher, Battle River, Alberta – elected as Progressive 1921, 1925, UFA 1926, 1930 (def as CCF 1935)

The modern cooperative
Following the dissolution of its political wing, UFA focused on its commercial operations. UFA entered into a partnership with Maple Leaf Fuels, a subsidiary of Imperial Oil in 1935 to distribute fuel to its members. The next year it began to open retail stations under the Maple Leaf brand across the province.

The first farm supply store opened in Calgary in 1954, and a second in Edmonton in 1957. That same year, UFA bought the assets of Maple Leaf Fuels, giving the co-op greater control over the business.

In 1984, UFA opened its first cardlock fuel agency in Calgary. Today, UFA has over 110 cardlock facilities across three provinces and was the largest cardlock network in Alberta.

UFA has over 120,000 members and with 2007 revenues of over $1.8 billion, UFA is ranked as the 37th largest business in Alberta by revenue according to Alberta Venture magazine.

In March 2009, UFA purchased Wholesale Sports in western Canada, and 15 Sportsman's Warehouse locations throughout the Northwest United States, which it then re-branded as Wholesale Sports.

Locations
F/S = Farm & Ranch Supply

P = Petroleum Agency / Cardlock

Alberta
106: Petro Locations (P) / 34: Farm & Ranch Supply (F/S) / 5: Fertilizer Plants (F/P)

British Columbia
2: Petro Locations (P) / 0: Farm & Ranch Supply (F/S):

Saskatchewan
3: Petro Locations (P) / 0: Farm & Ranch Supply (F/S):

See also
List of cooperatives
List of Alberta general elections
List of Alberta political parties
List of Progressive/United Farmer MPs
United Farmers (disambiguation)
United Farmers of Ontario
Ginger Group (to which many UFA MPs belonged)
Progressive Party of Canada
Alberta Eugenics Board

Notes

References
Alberta Heritage: Political Movements and Events
Chronological history of UFA

External links
The Prairie Roots of Canada's Political 'Third Parties'
UFA home page

Agrarian parties in Canada
Agricultural supply cooperatives
Agricultural cooperatives in Canada
Organizations based in Calgary
Defunct agrarian political parties
Defunct political parties in Canada
Federal political parties in Canada
History of Alberta
Organizations established in 1909
Political parties established in 1919
Political parties disestablished in 1939
Provincial political parties in Alberta
Rural community development
Social democratic parties in Canada
United Farmers
Rural development in Canada

United Farmers of Alberta


Micropolifonia reprezintă un tip de sintaxă muzicală polifonică elaborată de György Ligeti, care constă în mișcarea în tempouri sau ritmuri diferite a mai multor linii melodice dense, rezultând astfel pe verticală efecte de cluster.     Potrivit lui David Cope, "micropolifonia seamănă cu acordurile de custer, dar diferă prin faptul că vocile sunt surprinse în mișcare, și nu statice"; este "o simultaneitate a diferitelor linii, ritmuri și timbruri "  .

Diferențele dintre textura micropolifonică și textura polifonică convențională pot fi explicate prin propria descriere a lui Ligeti:  Primele exemple de micropolifonie din opera lui Ligeti apar în partea a doua (măsurile 25-37) a compoziției sale orchestrale Aparițiile . De asemenea, următoarea sa lucrare, Atmosphères pentru orchestră, prima parte a Requiemului de mai târziu pentru soprană, mezzo-soprană, cor mixt și orchestră, neegalata lucrare corală Lux aeterna și Lontano pentru orchestră, prezintă utilizarea acestei tehnici. Microcopolifonia este mai facilă de utilizat cu ansambluri mai mari sau cu instrumente polifonice precum pianul , deși Poème symphonique pentru o sută de metronoame creează "o micropolifonie de complexitate inegalabilă" . Multe dintre piesele pentru pian semnate de Ligeti sunt exemple de micropolifonie aplicată structurilor ritmice derivate din sistemele complexe "minimaliste" ale lui Steve Reich și muzicii Pygmy .

Surse

Alte informații

 Drott, Eric (2011). "Lines, Masses, Micropolyphony: Ligeti's Kyrie and the 'Crisis of the Figure'. Perspectives of New Music 49, no. 1 (Winter): 4-46.

Teorie muzicală

Micropolifonie


بلدية ميروينيا دي لوس إنفانثونيس (بالإسبانية: Mirueña de los Infanzones) هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة آبلة التابعة لمنطقة قشتالة وليون وسط إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان بلدية ميروينيا دي لوس إنفانثونيس 126 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية ميروينيا دي لوس إنفانثونيس

أماكن مأهولة في آبلة
بلديات آبلة

ميروينيا دي لوس إنفانثونيس


An Ischaemum molle in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Joseph Dalton Hooker. An Ischaemum molle in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ischaemum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Ischaemum

Ischaemum molle


Le Grand Prix moto d'Espagne 2022 est la sixième manche du championnat du monde de vitesse moto 2022.

Cette  édition du Grand Prix moto d'Espagne s'est déroulée du  au  sur le Circuit de Jerez-Ángel Nieto à Jerez de la Frontera.

Classement MotoGP

Classement Moto2

Classement Moto3

Classement provisoire au championnat

MotoGP

Moto2

Moto3

Notes

Références

2022
Sport en Espagne en 2022
Sport en mai 2022
Espagne

Grand Prix moto d'Espagne 2022


دقادوس، قرية من قرى قرى ميت غمر-محافظة الدقهلية-مصر. ويطلق عليها قسم ثاني ميت غمر حيث أنها تعتبر امتداد عمراني للمدينة ولا يفصل بينها وبين المدينة سوى شريط قطار السكة الحديد. وتعتبر دقادوس قسم ثاني المدينة؛ ويوجد فيها مستشفى ميت غمر العام وهي أيضا مسقط رأس الامام محمد متولي الشعراوي والشيخ سعيد الشافعي ورفقي زاهر والمقرئ أحمد القناوي، وأيضا يوجد بها كنيسه السيدة العذراء مريم ومسجد الباز والجامع الكبير (الأربعين) الذي أعاد بناؤه الشيخ محمد متولي الشعراوي. ويوجد أيضا بها كلية التربية النوعية بميت غمر وهي توجد في شارع المعاهدة بدقادوس. وأيضا يوجد بها محاكم الأسرة لكل من بندر ومركز ميت غمر خلف مدرسه الزراعة.

التسمية
سميت بهذا الاسم نسبة إلى الإمبراطور الروماني دقلديانوس، الذي كان له فيها قصر كبير (لا دليل على وجود هذا القصر الآن). وفي روايات أخرى فقد سميت بهذا الاسم نسبة إلى الاسم القبطي تيثيؤطوكوس الذي كانت تحمله قديما نتيجة لوجود كنيسة العذراء بها، وتحرف مع مرور الزمن إلى دقادوس. ويقال أنها سميت بهذا الاسم تحريفاً للكلمة الرومانية (ديكا دوس) أي البلدة ذات المعابد العشرة.

مراجع

محافظة الدقهلية

دقادوس


Crotale, Fransız Thomson-CSF  üretimi çeşitli araçlar üzerinde monte edibilen mobil bir sistem olarak çeşitli tipteki Elektro Optik (EO) ve Elektro Manyetik (EM) sensörlerle donatilmiş 8 adet VT-1 füzesine sahiptir. Füzeler nişan hattı güdüm sistemi ile yönlendirilmekte olup, 8 km içinde 35 g manevra kabiliyetine sahiptir.

Crotale Naval

1990'lı yılların hemen başında Fransız Donanaması'nda operasyonel olarak kullanılmaya başlanan Crotale Naval sistemi, 35 g'lik manevralar yapabilen VT-1 füzesini kullanıyor. S band gözetleme ve Ku band takip radrı kullanan sistem, sahip olduğu çok sensörlü güdüm sistemi sayesinde elektronik karşı tedbir sistemlerine karşı direnç gösterebiliyor. Güdüm sistemi olarak yönlendirildiği radar dışında pasif elektro-optik sensörler le kullanan Crotale Naval, sekizli VT-1 bataryalardan oluşuyor. İlk tehdit algılamasından sonra altı saniyede tepki gösterebilen sistemden fırlatılan VT-1 füzesi, 8 km'lik menzile 10,3 saniyede ulaşabiliyor. İleri Görüş Kızılötesi(FLIR) sistemi ile elektro-optik sensörlerin sağladı etkinliğe gece ve kötü hava koşullarında da sahip olan sistem, tek bir personel tarafından idare edilebiliyor. Fransa dışında Umman ve Yunanistan da Crotale Naval kullanıyor. HQ-7 Crotale Naval'ın Çin kopyasıdır.

Radar
Crotale, C ve X bandında çalişan çok bimli HSA radarı ile kullanılmakta, 20 hedef gözleyebilmekte ve 8 hedefi izleyebilmektedir.

Teknik veriler

Crotale
Tip: SAM surface to air (karadan havaya füzesi)

Üretici:Fransa/Thomson-CSF
 Uzunluğu: 2,89 m
 Genişliği: 0,15 m
 Kanat Uzunluğu: 0,54 m
 Motor: katı sıvı yakıtı
 Tapa: proximity tapası HE
 Hızı: 3.5 Mach
 Azami Menzil: 13 km
 fırlatma Ağırlığı: 84 kg
 Hizmet Tavanı: 6 km
 Harp başlığı: 15 kg
 Tahrip çapı: 8 m

Crotale Naval
 Tipi: Kısa Menzilli Hava Savunma Sistemi
 Güdüm Sistemi: Satıhtan Radar Güdümlü
 Harp Başlığı: 13 kg'lık parça tesirli HE
 Azami Etkili Menzili: 11 km
 Azami Etkili İrtifası: 6 bin m
 Sürati: 2.5+ mach
 İtki Tipi: Katı Yakıtlı Roket Motoru
 Boyutları: 2,4 uzunluk
 Çapı:150 mm
 Ağırlığ: 80 kg

Kullanan ülkeler
 Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri
 Bahreyn
 Fransa
 Pakistan
 Finlandiya
 Umman
 Kuveyt
 Güney Afrika
 Mısır
 Suudi Arabistan
 Tayvan
 Yunanistan (9 Hava Kuvvetleri + 2 Deniz Kuvvetleri )
 İran

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.army-technology.com/projects/crotale/

Gemi Konuşlu Hava Savunma Füzeleri

Crotale


Boztahta, Adana ilinin Aladağ ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihi
1923 yılında Türkiye'nin ilanından sonra köy statüsüne kavuşmuştur.

Coğrafya
Mahallenin; kuzeyinde Yüksekören, Ceritler ve Eğner, doğusunda Seyhan Nehri, güneyinde ise Topallı yer alır. Rakımı 622'dir. Adana iline 70 km, Aladağ ilçesine 30 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Index Anatolicus

Aladağ'ın mahalleleri

Boztahta, Aladağ


Lopatasti opojan (žilavac, lat. Samolus valerandi), vrlo rasprostranjena vrsta vodene trajnice iz porodice jaglačevki. Autohtona je u Europi, Africi i dijelovima Sjeverne i Južne Amerike i Azije.

Ima dugu stabljiku koja naraste do 35 cm (13.8 inči) na čijim vrhovima se nalazi nekoliko bijelih sitnih cvjetova. Postoje dvije podvrste.

Podvrste
 Samolus valerandi subsp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén
 Samolus valerandi subsp. valerandi

Izvori

Opojan

Lopatasti opojan


Ralph Lindsay Harry ( - ) est un espérantiste australien.

Biographie
Ralph Harry nait le  à Geelong, en Australie.

Œuvres

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Espérantiste australien
Espérantisation en 1937
Naissance en mars 1917
Naissance à Geelong
Décès en octobre 2002
Décès à Sydney
Décès à 85 ans

Ralph Harry


Nokwanda Pearl (Nox) Makunga est une biotechnologiste sud-africaine, professeure de biotechnologie à l'université de Stellenbosch.

Enfance et éducation
Makunga a grandi à Alice dans le Cap-Oriental et a fréquenté un pensionnat privé à Grahamstown. Son père, Oswald, était un botaniste spécialisé dans les Iridacées. Elle a grandi dans la pauvreté rurale et a remporté une bourse pour étudier à l'université de Fort Hare. Elle a fréquenté l'université de Pietermaritzburg. Elle a obtenu son doctorat à l'université du KwaZulu-Natal en 2004, travaillant sur la biologie moléculaire des plantes.

Recherche et carrière
En 2005, Makunga s'est vue offrir un poste à l'université de Stellenbosch. Ses travaux visent à identifier la régulation moléculaire et génétique du métabolisme secondaire chez les plantes médicinales. Elle se rend souvent dans les zones rurales pour parler aux guérisseurs traditionnels. Elle a contribué à deux livres : Protocols for Somatic Embryogenese in Woody plants et Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues. En 2010, elle a prononcé une conférence TED sur le potentiel d'un pays des merveilles médicinales. Elle a été secrétaire honoraire, vice-présidente et présidente du Conseil de l'Association sud-africaine des botanistes.

Elle a remporté le prix 2011 du Distinguished Young Black Researcher du . Elle a également remporté le prix TW Kambule. En 2017, elle était boursière Fulbright à l'Université du Minnesota, Minneapolis. Elle a travaillé avec Jerry Cohen sur les plantes médicinales du Cap-oriental. Elle a étudié la plante Stevia. Elle détient un brevet de multiplication végétative des plantes.

Makunga est une vulgarisatrice scientifique passionnée. Avec Tanisha Williams et , elle dirige la semaine annuelle des botanistes noirs.

Références

Liens externes

Vulgarisateur scientifique
Étudiant de l'université du Minnesota
Étudiant de l'université du KwaZulu-Natal
Professeur à l'université de Stellenbosch
Scientifique sud-africain
Biotechnologie

Nokwanda Makunga


Adolf Theodor Friedrich Michaelis (født 22. juni 1835 i Kiel, død 12. august 1910 i Strasbourg) var en tysk klassisk arkæolog.

Michaelis var fra 1872 professor i arkæologi ved universitetet i Strasbourg, fra 1874 medlem af centraldirektionen for det tyske arkæologiske institut. 1857—61 foretog han, til dels sammen med Alexander Conze, en studierejse i Grækenland og Italien. Hans hovedværker er: Parthenon (1871), Geschichte der deutschen archäologischen Instituts (1879), Ancient marbles in Great Britain (1882). Desuden har han besørget ny udgave af Otto Jahns bearbejdelse af flere oldtidsskrifter (Sofokles' Elektra, Apulejus' Psyche og Cupido, Pausanias' beskrivelse af Athens Akropolis), deltaget i udgivelsen af det store værk Die attischen Grabreliefs og forfattet en række værdifulde afhandlinger i videnskabelige tidsskrifter, således beretning om studierejsen i Grækenland (Annali dell' instituto, 1861), studier over de antikke amazonestatuer og undersøgelser over klassiske kunstværkers skæbne i renaissanceperioden og nyere tid (i Jahrbuch des deutschen archäologisehen Instituts).

Kilder

Arkæologer fra Tyskland
Personer fra Kiel

Adolf Michaelis


Les aventures de Guédé es una película.

Sinopsis
Un niño del campo marfileño se marcha a Abiyán, la capital. Vive allí en la calle, hasta que un buen hombre lo recoge.

Referencias

Les aventures de Guédé


Göcek, Muğla (ili)'nde Fethiye ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir. Göcek Mahallesi adı geçmişte yerleşim bölgesinde bulunan Göçek adlı gruptan gelmiştir.

Coğrafi Konum
Göcek Mahallesi, Fethiye İlçesi'nin batısında ve Dalaman İlçesi ile sınırında bulunmaktadır. Batısı Akdeniz, kuzey batısı Dalaman İlçesi, kuzeyi Gökçeovacık Mahallesi ve doğusunda İnlice Mahallesi bulunmaktadır.

Tarihçe
30 Aralık 1987 tarihinde belediye statüsü alarak beldeye dönüştü. 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile mahalle oldu.

Göcek Hakkında
Adını yöre halkının göç zamanını hadi göçek şeklinde haberleşmesi sonucu zamanla alındığı rivayet edilir. Diğer bir anlamı da " kara parçaları içerisine gizlenmiş deniz" dir..T.C. Dahiliye Vekâleti, son taksimatı mülkiyede köylerimizin adları Ankara 1928 dizelgesinde KÖYCEK İSKELESİ olarak geçmektedir. Komşu köy Gökçeovacık, KÖYCEK OVASI olarak geçmektedir.

Yerleşik nüfusu 6.590 'dır. Yaz aylarında bu sayı 9,000 inin üzerine çıktığı düşünülmektedir. Mavi Yolculuk çıkış ve bitiş noktası olarak yoğun yat trafiğine sahiptir. Özellikle uluslararası sulardan gelen uzun yol gezginleri için kapalı körfezi ile sakin ve güvenli bir limandır. Temiz Akdeniz suları, yemyeşil çam ormanları ve plajları ile saklı bir cennet kabul edilen Koyları ve adaları ile deniz yolcuları için vazgeçilmez bir rota haline getirmiştir. Tatil amacı ile kara yolu ile gelen yerli ve yabancı turistlere hizmet verecek kapasitede kaliteli konaklama birimleri, günübirlik tekne turu hizmeti veren eğlenceli sahili ve yakın mesafelerdeki birçok plaj ve koyu ile tatilciler için değişik bir alternatiftir.

GYC tarafından her yıl 19 Mayıs ve 10 Kasım haftasında düzenlenen iki ayrı Regatta (yelken yarışı) yapılmaktadır. Yerli ve yabancı çok sayıda katılımcının yer aldığı yarışlar beldeye renk ve popülarite katmaktadır.

Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı (23 Nisan) kutlamalarıda şenlik havasına dönüşerek yıllar içerisinde kalıcı bir düzenleme haline gelmiştir. Her yıl 23 Nisan kutlamalarındaki etkinliklere katılmak ve izlemek amacı ile çevre beldelerden ziyaretçiler gelmekte.

Karayolu ile gelen ziyaretçilerin geceleyebileceği her standarda uygun Oteller, Apart Oteller, Pansiyonlar vardır. Bunun yanı sıra, sahil boyunca ve çarşı içinde çok sayıda restoran, cafe ve bar bulunmaktadır.

Bölgemizin bir başka şanslı tarafı ise yine özel arabayla veya otobüs ve dolmuşla Sarıgerme, Ölüdeniz, Dalyan gibi ören yerlerine 30 dakika ile 45 dakika arasında ulaşabilmesidir.

Ekin Etkinlikleri
1999 yılından itibaren, Ekin (Kültür) ve Gezim(Turizm) Derneği'nin katkılarıyla her 23 Nisan'da  23 Nisan Çocuk Şenliği ve İlkbahar sonunda Yayla Yürüyüşü ve Sonbahar başlangıcında Yayla Dönüşü etkinlikleri düzenlenmektedir.

Gezim

Deniz

Beldede büyük ve uluslararası yat gezimi açısından önem arzeden yedi adet yat limanı bulunmaktadır.
Beldenin en önemli özelliği son derece korunaklı ve geniş bir körfez içerisinde yer alan ada ve koyları bünyesinde barındırmasıdır. Bunların doğal sonucu olarak gelişmiş bir yat gezimi gizli gücüne sahiptir.

Yat Limanları
Muçev Marina
Skopea Marina
D-Marin
Club Marina
MarinTurk Village Port
MarinTurk Exclusive
Port Azure

Kara
Göcek beldesi Özel Çevre Koruma bölgesinde kaldığından dolayı, çok katlı inşaat izni olmaması sebebi ile konaklamak için 2 katlı otel, motel, apart ve pansiyonlar bulunmaktadır. Bir turizm beldesinin sahip olması gereken tüm alt yapı, donanım ve mekanlara sahip olan Göcek'in en önemli özelliği alışıla gelmiş tatil beldelerine göre sakin ve huzurlu bir yer olmasıdır.

Eğitim
Göcek'te, Deniz Temiz İlköğretim Okulu ve Süleyman Şatır Anadolu Lisesi olmak üzere iki adet eğitim kurumu vardır.

Nüfus

Ulaşım
Muğla veya Fethiye üzerinden Otobüs veya dolmuş ile kendi aracınız ile tekne yat vb. deniz ulaşımı ile Dalaman Havaalanı aracılığı ile uçakla gidilir.
2006 yılında tamamlanan Göcek tüneli sayesinde, Göcek ile Dalaman Havaalanı arası 22 km den 18 km ye inmiştir.

Haritalar

Kaynakça

Fethiye'nin mahalleleri
Türkiye'deki liman kentleri
Ege Denizi'ndeki liman kentleri

Göcek, Fethiye


සංගීතය - අන්තර්ජාලය

අන්තර්ජාලය හඳුන්වාදීම සංගීතය පිළිබඳ අත්දැකීම සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම පරිවර්තනය කර හැක. එයට එක් හේතුවක් වන්නේ සංගීතයට ප්‍රවේශ වීමේ පහසුව හා වැඩි දියුණුව තෝරා ගැනීමයි. ක්‍රිස් ඇන්ඩර්සන් විසින් The Long Tail : Why the future of business is selling less or more නැමැති ඔහුගේ ග්‍රන්ථයේ යෝජනා කර සිටින්නේ සැපයීමේ හා ඉල්ලුමෙහි ආර්ථික ආකෘතිය හිඟය විස්තර කරන අතර අන්තර්ජාල සිල්ලර ආකෘති සුලභතාව මත පදනම් වේ. සංඛ්‍යාංක ගබඩා කිරීම් වියදම් ඉතා අවම වන අතර එමනිසා යම් සමාගමකට පාරිභෝගිකයන්ට උපරිම තෝරා ගැනීමේ නිදහස ලබා දෙමින් ඔවුන්ගේ මුළු භාණ්ඩ ලැයිස්තුවම අන්තර්ජාලයට මුදා හැරීමේ හැකියාව ලැබේ. තවද එමඟින් මිනිසුන් ඉතා කුඩා ප්‍රමා‍ණයක් පමණක් අවධානය දක්වන නිෂ්පාදන පිරිනැමීමට ද ඉඩ ලබා දේ. ඔවුන්ගේ වර්ධනය වන තෝරා ගැනීම පිළිබඳ පාරිභෝජකයන්ගේ වර්ධනය වන සැලකිල්ල මඟින් සවන්දීමේ රසඥතා හා සමාජ හඳුනාගැනීම් මත සමීප සබඳතාවක් ඇති වන අතර නිකේතන වෙළඳ පොළ දහස් ගණනක් ද එමඟින් නිර්මාණය වේ.

අන්තර්ජාලයේ තවත් බලපෑමක්  YouTube හා MySpace වැනි සබැඳි සමාජ සමඟ කරළියට පැමිණි MySpace මඟින් අනෙකුත් සංගීතඥයන් අතර සමාජ ජාලකරණය අතිශයින් පහසු කර ඇති අතර එමඟින් අයෙකුගේ සංගීත කටයුතු පහසුවෙන් ව්‍යාප්ත කිරීම ඉඩ ලබා දේ.  YouTube හිද ආධුනික හා වෘත්තීමය සංගීඥයන් විශාල පිරිසකගේ සමාජයක් ඇති අතර ඔවුන් වීඩියෝ හා ඔවුන්ගේ මතයන් ඒ සඳහා එවීම සිදු කරයි. වෘත්තීමය සංගීතඥයින් විසින් ප්‍රචාරක ද්‍රව්‍යවලට නිදහස් ප්‍රචාරකයකු ලෙස YouTube යොදා ගනී.

උදාහරණ ලෙස YouTube පරි‍ශීලකයන් MP3 ඇසීම හා බාගත කිරීම පමණක් නොව ඔවුන්ගේම ඒවා නිර්මාණය කිරීම ද සිදු කරයි. ඩොන් ටැප්ස්කොඩ් හා ඇන්තනී ඩී විලියම්ස්ගේ Wikinomics ග්‍රන්ථය කියා සිටින්නේ එමඟින් සාම්ප්‍රදායික පාරි‍භෝජික කර්තව්‍ය,  ඔවුන් විසින් "Prosumer" ලෙස හඳුන්වන නිර්මාණය කිරීම හා පරිභෝජනය කිරීම යන දෙකම සිදු කරන පාරිභෝජකයකුගේ කර්තව්‍ය දක්වා උසස් වී ඇති බවයි. සංගීතය තුළ දී මෙය ප්‍රකාශයට පැමිණීමට සංගීතලෝලීන් විසින් Remix හා සංගීත වීඩියෝ නිපදවීම ඇතුළත් වේ.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music#Internet

සංගීතය - අන්තර්ජාලය


Das Neulateinische Jahrbuch ist eine internationale wissenschaftliche Fachzeitschrift für die Erforschung der neulateinischen Sprache und Literatur. Es erscheint mit dem Untertitel Journal of Neo-Latin Language and Literature seit 1999 einmal jährlich im Verlag von Georg Olms in Hildesheim.

Als Ergänzung zu den zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften, die sich dem klassischen Altertum widmen, richtet sich das Neulateinische Jahrbuch auf die Erforschung der neuzeitlichen Latinität, grob gesprochen von Petrarca bis zur Gegenwart. Jeder Band enthält längere Abhandlungen und kleine Beiträge zu neulateinischen Texten und Themen sowie Rezensionen und Forschungsberichte nebst Hinweisen auf aktuelle Veröffentlichungen und Veranstaltungen.

Das Jahrbuch wird herausgegeben von Marc Laureys und Karl August Neuhausen am Institut für Griechische und Lateinische Philologie der Universität Bonn.

Weblinks
 Internetseite der Universität Bonn mit Inhaltsverzeichnissen

Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift (Deutschland)
Literaturwissenschaftliche Fachzeitschrift
Sprachwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift
Mehrsprachiges Jahrbuch

Ersterscheinung 1999

Neulateinisches Jahrbuch


Philippe Olivier (nascido a 30 de Agosto de 1961) é um político francês eleito deputado ao Parlamento Europeu em 2019.

Olivier concorreu às eleições parlamentares francesas de 2017 no 7.º círculo eleitoral de Pas-de-Calais, onde foi derrotado pelo candidato republicano, Pierre-Henri Dumont, no segundo turno.

A sua esposa, Marie-Caroline Le Pen, é irmã da candidata presidencial francesa Marine Le Pen.

Naturais de Juvisy-sur-Orge
Alunos da Universidade de Paris
Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1961
Políticos da França
Deputados no Parlamento Europeu

Philippe Olivier


An Lithachne horizontalis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Mary Agnes Chase. An Lithachne horizontalis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lithachne, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Lithachne

Lithachne horizontalis


Töluleg greining er grein innan stærðfræði sem notast við tölulega námundun til að leysa raunveruleg vandamál með stærðfræðigreiningu. Töluleg greining er notuð í verkfræði og raunvísindum, og hefur líka verið beitt á líkön í félagsvísindum, læknisfræði, viðskiptafræði og jafnvel hugvísindum. Með aukinni reiknigetu tölva hefur verið hægt að smíða sífellt nákvæmari og stærri líkön. Dæmi um tölulega greiningu eru venjulegar afleiðujöfnur í stjarnhreyfingafræði, töluleg línuleg algebra notuð við gagnagreiningu, slembiafleiðujöfnur og Markovskeðjur notaðar til að líkja eftir lifandi frumum í læknisfræði og líffræði. Töluleg greining er notuð við gerð veðurlíkana, útreikninga á ferlum geimfara, gerð árekstrarlíkana bílaframleiðenda, mat á virði áhættusjóða, ákvarðanir um verð flugmiða og tryggingastærðfræði.

Reiknivísindi
Stærðfræðileg eðlisfræði

Töluleg greining