Zapadni Midlands je jedna od devet službenih regija Engleske i na prvoj je razini NUTS-a u statističke svrhe. Obuhvaća zapadnu polovicu područja tradicionalno poznatog kao Midlands. Regija se sastoji od grofovija Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Zapadni Midlands i Worcestershire. Najveći grad u regiji je Birmingham smješten u grofoviji Zapadni Midlands.

Geografija

Regija je geografski raznolika, od urbanih konurbacija u središnjem području do ruralnih zapadnih grofovija Shropshire i Herefordshire koje graniče s Walesom. Najduža rijeka u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu je rijeka Severn dužine 354 km prolazi kroz regiju jugoistočno, teče kroz administrativne centre Shrewsbury i Worcester, te klisuru Ironbridge koja je uvrštena u UNESCO-ovu svjetsku baštinu. Staffordshire se nalazi u konurbaciji u kojoj je razvijena industrija lončarstva, a u koju su uključeni grad Stoke-on-Trent i okrug Staffordshire Moorlands. Cijela konurbacija graniči s okrugom Peak (Peak District), nacionalnim parkom smještenim na jugoistoku regi u blizini grada Leek u grofoviji Staffordshire. Regija također obuhvaća pet područja izvanredne prirodne ljepote, dolinu Wye (Wye Valley), brda Shropshire (Shropshire Hills), nekadašnja kraljevska šuma Cannock Chase i brda Malvern (Malvern Hills).

Poddioba regije

Regija se sastoji od sljedećih administrativnih poddiobenih jedinica:

* dvorazinska nemetropolitanska grofovija
** metropolitanska grofovija, uključujući kombiniranu upravu grofovije Zapadni Midlands i gradonačelnika.

Regionalna skupština

Službeno predstavničko tijelo regije bilo je Vijeće Zapadnog Midlandsa koje je imalo ograničene administrativne funkcije poput regionalnog planiranja i gospodarskog razvoja. Vijeće nije bilo izabrano tijelo, već su ga činili članovi imenovani iz lokalnih vijeća cijele regije. Sjedište mu je u Birminghamu, u blizini Nacionalne zatvorene arene.

Ukidanje RDA

Nakon proračuna za hitne slučajeve u lipnju 2010., koalicijska vlada najavila je da namjerava zamijeniti Agenciju za regionalni razvoj (RDA – Regional development agency)  manjim partnerstvima formiranim između lokalnih vlasti i poduzetnika, poznatim kao Partnerstva lokalnih poduzetnika (LEP – Local Enterprise Partnerships). Od ožujka 2010. godine, odluke o financiranju na regionalnoj razini preuzela je Advantage West Midlands, Regionalna razvojna agencija, ali je i ona ukinuta 31. ožujka 2012. kao dio zatvaranja Agencija za regionalni razvoj RDA svih regija Engleske koju je zamijenilo Partnerstvo lokalnih poduzetnika (LAP).

Poznate ličnosti i mjesta

U grofoviji Warwickshire smješten su gradovi Stratford upon Avon -–rodno mjesto pisca Williama Shakespearea, Nuneaton, rodno mjesto autorice Mary Ann Evans poznate pod pseudonimom George Eliot te grad Rugby koji je najpoznatiji po izumu ragbi nogometa kao i po, u svijetu prvoj školi ragbija.

Izvori

Engleske regije

Zapadni Midlands


Punga cu libelule este un film românesc din 1981 regizat de Manole Marcus. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Marcel Iureș, Enikö Szilágyi și Ion Caramitru.

Rezumat

Luptători din rezistență aruncă în aer depozite de muniții dintr-un port dunărean românesc și un convoi de nave care transporta armament pentru trupele germane.

Distribuție

 Marcel Iureș — lt. Dimitrie Turda, fiul gen. Turda, erou de război
 Enikö Szilágyi — Martha Grumăzescu, cântăreață de cabaret
 Ion Caramitru — Aristotel Cristureanu, chestorul poliției Brăilei
 Gheorghe Visu — Dincă Preda, informator al Siguranței
 Catrinel Paraschivescu — Emilia Preda, sora lui Dincă, profesoară de istorie la Tecuci
 Lucian Iancu — Chiorul, un fost militar pretins invalid
 Olimpia Arghir — Fana, mama lui Dincă și a Emiliei
 Victor Rebengiuc — colonelul german Wilhelm (Willy) von Klass
 Mihai Pălădescu — gen. (r.) Remus Turda, "eroul de la Robinești"
 Elisabeta Fazekas — Matilda, cântăreață de cabaret
 Dan Condurache — Matei Verișteanu, logodnicul Emiliei, ilegalist comunist
 Ștefan Sileanu — barcagiul Pavelescu, ilegalist comunist
 Dem Niculescu — comisarul de poliție
 Aurel Giurumia — crâșmarul Nae din portul Brăilei
 Valentin Plătăreanu — șeful de sală de la cabaretul "La găina cu ouă de aur"
 Dumitru Palade — activistul comunist aflat în închisoare
 Liliana Tudor
 Ion Punea
 Adriana Gădălean
 Ion Albu
 Irina Georgescu
 Dumitru Dimitrie
 Luminița Sicoe
 George Buznea
 Petre Tanasievici
 Vasile Popa — agent al Siguranței
 Mihai Adrian
 Florin Marinescu
 Valeriu Arnăutu
 Tania Filip (menționată Tatiana Filip)

Coloana sonoră
 la pian - Ionel Tudor
 "Morărița" de Vasile Vasilache Junior - interpretă Enikő Szilágyi
 "Și se duc ca vântul" de Elly Roman - interpretă Liana Lungu

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 2.066.198 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

 1981 - ACIN - Premiul pentru coloana sonoră

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 Listă de filme românești despre cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial
 1981 în film

Filme din 1981
Filme regizate de Manole Marcus
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme dramatice românești
Filme Casa de Filme 4
Filme Româniafilm
Filme de acțiune
Filme despre Al Doilea Război Mondial
Filme cu ilegaliști

Punga cu libelule


Crash incompatibility, crash compatibility, vehicle incompatibility, and vehicle compatibility are terms in the automobile crash testing industry.  They refer to the tendency of some vehicles to inflict more damage on another vehicle (the "crash partner vehicle") in two-car crashes.  Vehicle incompatibility is said to lead to more dangerous, fatal crashes, while compatibility can prevent injury in otherwise comparable crashes.

The most obvious source of crash incompatibility is mass; a high-mass vehicle such as a large MPV or SUV will tend to cause much more serious damage in a crash with a lighter vehicle such as a typical sedan or compact car.  In particular, research by Michael Anderson and Maximilian Auffhammer suggests that "controlling for own-vehicle weight,
being hit by a vehicle that is 1,000 pounds heavier  generates a 40-50% increase in fatality
risk."  Incompatibility may also result from the specific shape, stiffness, or other design aspects of the impacting vehicles. For example, some SUVs and pickup trucks ride higher than cars and lack crumple zones to absorb impact energy. Another source of incompatibility is that heavier vehicles are required to have stronger front ends because of today's test requirements like the NCAP test.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has done studies of the "aggressiveness" of vehicle designs.  The term "aggressiveness" is used to denote the average injury risk a vehicle imposes on occupants of other vehicles during collisions.  A 2003 NHTSA study estimated that in vehicle to vehicle crashes, the design of minivans was 1.16 times as aggressive as cars, pickups were 1.39 times more aggressive, and SUVs were 1.71 times more aggressive than cars.  When weight was included in the analysis, light trucks (including SUVs) were estimated to be 3.3 times more aggressive than cars in head-on crashes and perhaps more so in side impact crashes.

These studies have been controversial as they affect public perception and policy decisions on CAFE standards and light truck safety test standards as they exist today. NHTSA does not define a car or a light truck based on weight (e.g., the Chrysler PT Cruiser is classified as a light truck whereas a Lexus LS 600h L, a vehicle that weighs 66% more per published specifications, is classified as a car). So while there have been no proposals to eliminate light trucks (which includes minivans, SUVs and pickups), doing so would not eliminate incompatibility because there would still be lighter vehicles crashing into heavier vehicles.

There has been extensive research and testing done by NHTSA, other governments, research organizations as well as automobile manufacturers to find solutions that improve safety in the small cars when colliding with larger vehicles. In the United States, a group of experts proposed major steps to improve compatibility and these have been accepted as a voluntary regulation by American automotive manufacturers as well as by most other companies selling vehicles in the U.S. The Canadian government has also accepted these recommendations. The recommendations require all manufacturers to either (a) lower the height of the primary structure (also called frame rail) of all SUV and pickup trucks so that they overlap the primary structure of the cars; or (b) add another structure (called Secondary Energy Absorbing Structure) to the SUVs and pickup truck that cannot meet the first option. Latest studies have shown that these have improved the safety in cars when struck by SUVs. However, no such benefit has been observed in pickup truck to car crashes.  It is unclear whether or not certain aftermarket modifications are taken into account, such as "lift kits" which raise the frame or suspension of a vehicle for increased ground clearance.  Such modifications would likely greatly reduce the effectiveness of modern auto-safety advances due to causing the rigid parts of a pickup or SUV to strike the weaker parts of lower vehicles, rather than the reinforced regions in an accident.  State laws regarding the use of such modifications vary widely, and many have laws that aren't enforced.  As of now, there are no Federal laws regarding the bumper height of trucks and SUV's.

Although much of the crash incompatibility debate in recent years has centered on SUVs, the concept has been around far longer.  When subcompact cars were introduced in the 1970s, there was a fear that incompatibilities of mass and design could lead to more serious injuries for drivers of these smaller, lighter vehicles.  Crash incompatibility remains an area of active study.

See also
 Car safety
 Insurance Institute for Highway Safety

References
Physics Today, January 2006, "Vehicle Design and the Physics of Traffic Safety"
NHTSA, Bumper Q&A's

External links
Insurance Institute reports on vehicle compatibility (April 4, 2003)
http://www.autoalliance.org/archives/archive.php?id=56&cat=Press%20Releases
http://www.nhtsa.gov/cars/problems/studies/Bumper/Index.html

Transport safety
Automotive safety

Crash incompatibility


La Carta Orgánica Municipal de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) es la norma fundamental del municipio, la cual ha sido redactada por una convención reunida a tal fin y se basa en las constituciones provincial y nacional.

En el caso de la provincia de Córdoba, es necesario que el municipio tenga una cantidad superior a 10000 habitantes y haya sido reconocido como "ciudad" por la legislatura para que pueda redactar su Carta Orgánica.

Historia

La reforma de la Constitución Nacional en 1994 aseguró la autonomía de los municipios.

Al año siguiente, desde la municipalidad de Córdoba, encabezada por el intendente Rubén Américo Martí, se impulsó la elección de una Convención Municipal Constituyente que tuvo como finalidad la redacción de la Carta Orgánica de Córdoba, la cual fue sancionada el 6 de noviembre de 1995 y publicada en el boletín municipal dos días después.

Establece que el Concejo Deliberante tiene la potestad legislativa, siendo el departamento ejecutivo encabezado por el intendente municipal. Incorporó la figura del viceintendente, quien ejerce la presidencia del Concejo.

Integrantes de la Convención Municipal Constituyente

Esta es la nómina de quienes integraron la convención. En negrita, quienes fueron sus autoridades.

Estructura de la Carta Orgánica Municipal

 Preámbulo
 Primera parte: declaraciones, derechos, deberes, principios de gobierno y políticas especiales
 Sección única
 Título primero: declaraciones, derechos y deberes
 Capítulo I: declaraciones
 Capítulo II: derechos y deberes de los vecinos
 Título segundo: principios de gobierno y políticas especiales
 Capítulo I: principios de gobierno
 Capítulo II: políticas especiales y sociales
 Capítulo III: régimen económico financiero
 Segunda parte: autoridades del municipio
 Sección primera: gobierno municipal
 Título primero: concejo deliberante
 Capítulo I: organización y atribuciones
 Capítulo II: formación y sanción de las ordenanzas
 Título segundo: departamento ejecutivo
 Capítulo I: organización
 Capítulo II: asesor letrado
 Sección segunda: organismos de control
 Título primero: tribunal de cuentas
 Capítulo único
 Título segundo: otros organismos
 Capítulo I: tribunales administrativos municipales de faltas
 Capítulo II: tribunal administrativo municipal fiscal
 Capítulo III: entes de control de los servicios públicos
 Sección tercera: responsabilidad de las autoridades municipales y acefalia
 Título primero: responsabilidad de las autoridades municipales
 Capítulo I: responsabilidad política
 Capítulo II: suspensión y destitución
 Título segundo: acefalia
 Capítulo único
 Tercera parte: formas de participación y descentralización
 Sección primera: participación política
 Título primero: régimen electoral
 Capítulo I: electorado y padrón cívico municipal
 Capítulo II: justicia electoral municipal
 Capítulo III: listas de candidatos
 Capítulo IV: distribución de las representaciones
 Capítulo V: elecciones
 Título segundo: partidos políticos
 Capítulo único
 Título tercero: institutos de democracia semidirecta
 Capítulo I: consulta popular
 Capítulo II: iniciativa popular
 Capítulo III: referéndum popular
 Capítulo IV: revocatoria
 Sección segunda: participación vecinal
 Título único
 Sección tercera: participación sectorial
 Título único
 Capítulo único
 Sección cuarta: otras formas de participación ciudadana
 Título único
 Capítulo I: audiencia pública
 Capítulo II: acciones voluntarias
 Sección quinta: descentralización
 Título único
 Capítulo único
 Cuarta parte: reforma y enmienda
 Sección única
 Título primero: reforma por convención
 Capítulo único
 Título segundo: enmienda
 Capítulo único
 Disposiciones transitorias

Preámbulo

Véase también

 Gobierno de la ciudad de Córdoba
 Constitución de la provincia de Córdoba

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Municipalidad de Córdoba
 El sello de tres intendentes muy distintos, La Voz del Interior, 9 de diciembre de 2003

Cartas orgánicas municipales de Argentina
Gobierno de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina)


Sevilla-San Bernardo, conocida popularmente como estación de Cádiz, fue una estación de ferrocarril situada en el municipio español de Sevilla que estuvo operativa entre 1902 y 1991. Tomaba su nombre por encontrarse localizada en el sevillano barrio de San Bernardo, dentro del distrito de Nervión.

Construida originalmente por la Compañía de los Ferrocarriles Andaluces, las instalaciones entraron en servicio en 1902. Desde muy pronto se convirtió en una de las principales estaciones ferroviarias de la capital hispalense, disponiendo de servicios ferroviarios que la enlazaban con Cádiz, Jerez de la Frontera, Marchena, Bobadilla, Málaga o Granada. Debido a su importancia llegó a contar con cocheras para locomotoras. En la práctica San Bernardo ejercía como la cabecera de la línea Sevilla-Cádiz, por lo que acabó siendo conocida coloquialmente como la «estación de Cádiz». Con posterioridad las instalaciones ferroviarias pasarían a manos de RENFE, que las gestionó hasta su clausura en 1991. Las vías fueron levantadas y el recinto quedó semi-desmantelado.

En la actualidad el antiguo edificio de viajeros ha sido rehabilitado, acogiendo un gimnasio y un mercado.

Historia

Orígenes y construcción
Hacia 1860, con la finalización de las obras del ferrocarril Jerez-Sevilla, en la capital hispalese se había inaugurado una primitiva estación situada en la zona de San Bernardo para atender el tráfico ferroviario. Más adelante, la línea Sevilla-Cádiz se integraría en la red férrea de la compañía «Andaluces».

La Compañía de los Ferrocarriles Andaluces propondría la construcción de una nueva estación, propuesta que sería aprobada en julio de 1889 por las autoridades. El proyecto de estación era del ingeniero Agustín Juberd, con fecha de 1901. Las obras transcurrieron con cierta celeridad, inaugurándose las instalaciones en 1902.

El trazado de la línea ferroviaria que llegaba a esta estación, dividía la ciudad, por lo que fue necesario acometer la construcción de tres puentes para permitir el tráfico entre ambas partes, los desaparecidos puentes de la calle Oriente, y el de la Enramadilla, y el preservado puente de San Bernardo. El enlace desde San Bernardo con la estación de Plaza de Armas y la línea Córdoba-Sevilla —ambas propiedad de la compañía MZA— se realizaba a través de la llamada estación de Empalme, situada en la zona de San Jerónimo.

La estación contaba con destinos a Cádiz, Jerez de la Frontera, Granada o Málaga. Desde San Bernardo también salían inicialmente los trenes de la línea Sevilla-Alcalá-Carmona, que entró en servicio en 1873, si bien a partir de 1902 este tráfico se desviaría a la pequeña estación de Enramadilla —construida en las cercanías de San Bernardo—. Nuevamente, a partir de 1952 (tras la clausura de Enramadilla), los servicios ferroviarios hacia Alcalá y Carmona volverían a partir desde la estación de San Bernardo.

Los años de RENFE
En 1936, durante la Segunda República, «Andaluces» fue incautada por el Estado debido a sus problemas económicos y asignada la gestión de sus infraestructuras a la Compañía Nacional de los Ferrocarriles del Oeste. Esta situación no duró mucho, ya que en 1941 —tras la Guerra Civil y la nacionalización de todos los ferrocarriles de ancho ibérico— la estación de San Bernardo pasó a manos de la recién creada RENFE junto al resto de infraestructuras ferroviarias de Sevilla.

Desde entonces, la estación de Plaza de Armas, al ser una estación en fondo de saco, se convirtió en destino de los trenes cuyo recorrido nace o muere en Sevilla, mientras que San Bernardo era la estación en la que paraban los trenes que solo atravesaban Sevilla. El Plan de Enlaces Ferroviarios de Sevilla, de 1971, preveía la reorganización de la red férrea que existía en Sevilla y la supresión de varias estaciones —entre ellas, San Bernardo—. Esto no se materializaría hasta comienzos de la década de 1990, con las obras que se realizaron de cara a la Exposición Universal de 1992. En septiembre de 1990, tras el cierre de la estación Plaza de Armas, en San Bernardo se concentró el tráfico ferroviario de Sevilla, situación que se mantuvo hasta su cierre en el 2 de mayo de 1991, llegando desde entonces los trenes a Sevilla a la estación de Santa Justa.

Tras su cierre, fue destinada inicialmente a oficinas de RENFE, y posteriormente, tras algún tiempo sin uso, y con distintos proyectos para el edificio, pasó a ser la sede provisional del mercado de abastos de la Puerta de la Carne en 1999 por un plazo de 14 meses, para tiempo después ser reconstruido para formar parte del campus urbano de la Universidad de Sevilla. En el entorno de la estación fue construida la nueva estación de San Bernardo, dedicada principalmente a Cercanías.

Características
A diferencia de la estación de Sevilla-Plaza de Armas, que es de estilo neomudéjar, la estación de Cádiz es de estilo clásico, con arcos de medio punto, pilastras y balaustradas clásicas. También al contrario de lo que sucedía con Plaza de Armas, en la de San Bernardo los trenes discurrían en paralelo a la entrada del edificio. Además del edificio de viajeros, el complejo ferroviario disponía de numerosas instalaciones: varios muelles de carga —uno cubierto y otro descubierto—, una amplia playa de vías —con vías tanto de servicio como de apartadero—, carboneras, aguadas y depósitos de agua, talleres, dormitorios de ferroviarios, oficinas para administración, etc. Sevilla-San Bernardo llegó a contar con una reserva de locomotoras, la cual disponía de cocherones para las máquinas —con siete vías bajo cubierta— y una rotonda giratoria de 14 metros de diámetro. Ya bajo RENFE el principal depósito de locomotoras de Sevilla sería el de San Jerónimo, construido originalmente por MZA.

Notas

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Sevilla
Sevilla
Sevilla
Sevilla
Sevilla
Sevilla
Sevilla
Sevilla
Arquitectura de la provincia de Sevilla del siglo XX

Antigua estación de San Bernardo (Sevilla)


Prinsesse Alice, hertuginde af Gloucester GCB GCVO GBE CI, født som lady Alice Christabel Montagu Douglas Scott den 25. december 1901 i London, død 29. oktober 2004 på Kensington Palace, var datter af John Montagu Douglas Scott, 7. hertug af Buccleuch og den ærede, senere lady Margaret Bridgeman (datter af George Bridgeman, 4. jarl af Bradford).

Ægteskab
Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott giftede sig i 1935 på Buckingham Palace med prins Henry, hertug af Gloucester (1900-1974), tredje søn af Georg 5. af Storbritannien og dronning Mary. Hun blev derigennem tante (indgift faster) til dronning Elizabeth 2. af Storbritannien.

Efterkommere
Alice og Henry fik to sønner. Den ældste søn prins William (1941-1972) døde ugift, mens faderen stadig var i live.

Den næstældste søn prins Richard, hertug af Gloucester er gift med den dansk fødte Birgitte Eva Henriksen (hertuginde af Gloucester).

De har tre børn og seks børnebørn:
 Alexander Windsor, jarl af Ulster (født 1974)
 Xan Richard Anders Windsor, Lord Culloden (født 2007)
 Lady Cosima Rose Alexandra Windsor (født 2010)
 Lady Davina Elizabeth Alice Benedikte Windsor, gift Lewis (født 1977)
 Senna Kowhai Lewis (født 2010)
 Tāne Lewis (født 2012)
 Lady Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise Windsor, gift Gilman (født 1980)
 Lyla Beatrix Christabel Gilman (født 2010)
 Rufus Gilman (født 2012)

Kongefamiliens ældste medlem
Prinsesse Alice døde i en alder af 103 år og 10 måneder. Hun blev det hidtil ældste medlem af den britiske kongefamilie. Hun blev ældre end dronningemoderen, der døde i 2002 i en alder af 101 år og otte måneder.

Kongelige fra Storbritannien
Huset Windsor
Briter i 1900-tallet
Briter i 2000-tallet

Alice Christabel Montagu Douglas Scott


Men on the Couch est un groupe de d'indie pop et rock indépendant portugais, originaire de Madère.

Biographie
Formé dans les années 2010, le groupe est composé de Francisco Sousa à la guitare, Guilherme Gome au chant et à la guitare, João Rodrigues à la basse, et Tiago Rodrigues à la batterie. En 2019, ils publient leur premier album, , en utilisant le financement participatif pour financer l'édition. En mars 2020, ils sortent un clip intitulé , qui est le sixième morceau issu de leur premier album.

Discographie
 2019 :

Notes et références

Groupe d'indie pop
Groupe portugais de pop rock
Groupe portugais de rock indépendant
Groupe musical portugais
Groupe musical des années 2010

Men on the Couch


The Mitre Corporation (stylized as The MITRE Corporation and MITRE) is an American not-for-profit organization with dual headquarters in Bedford, Massachusetts, and McLean, Virginia. It manages federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) supporting various U.S. government agencies in the aviation, defense, healthcare, homeland security, and cybersecurity fields, among others.

MITRE formed in 1958 as a military think tank, spun out from the radar and computer research at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Over the years, MITRE's field of study had greatly diversified. In the 1990s, with the winding down of the cold war, private companies complained that MITRE had an unfair advantage competing for civilian contracts; in 1996 this led to the civilian projects being spun off to a new company, Mitretek. Mitretek was renamed Noblis in 2007.

Etymology
The name MITRE was created by James McCormack Jr., one of the original board members. The name is not an acronym, although various claims that it is can be found online.  Originally always seen in upper case, MITRE began using normal capitalization around the time of the Mitretek spinoff, but both forms can still be widely found .

History

MITRE was founded in Bedford, Massachusetts in 1958, spun off from the MIT Lincoln Laboratory. MITRE's first employees had been developing the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system and aerospace defense as part of Lincoln Labs Division 6. They were specifically engaged in MIT's research and engineering of the project.

MITRE's early leadership has been described as "a mix of men" affiliated with the Ford Foundation, the Institute for Defense Analyses, RAND Corporation, System Development Corporation (SDC), and the United States Armed Forces, including Horace Rowan Gaither, James Rhyne Killian, James McCormack, and Julius Adams Stratton.

In April 1959, a site was purchased in Bedford, Massachusetts, near Hanscom Air Force Base, to develop a new Mitre laboratory, which Mitre occupied in September 1959. MITRE established an office in McLean in 1963, and had approximately 850 technical employees by 1967. MITRE registered the first .org domain on July 10, 1985, which continues to be used by the company. During the 1980s, the German hacker Markus Hess used an unsecured Mitre Tymnet connection as an entry point for intrusions into U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and NASA computer networks. By 1989, the company had thousands of employees in Bedford and McLean; approximately 3,000 employees in the "command, control, communications and intelligence" ("C3I") division oversaw military projects, while non-military projects were handled by the civilian division, which had approximately 800 employees based in McLean.

By the 1990s, MITRE had become a "multifaceted engineering company with a wide range of clients", according to Kathleen Day of The Washington Post. MITRE worked on neural network software, the long-distance telecommunications service FTS2000 for the General Services Administration, and a new computer system for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. On January 29, 1996, Mitre divided into two entities: The MITRE Corporation, to focus on its FFRDCs for DoD and FAA; and a new company established in McLean, called Mitretek Systems until 2007 and now called Noblis, to assume non-FFRDC research work for other U.S. Government agencies.

Organization
MITRE restructured its research and engineering operations in mid 2020, forming MITRE Labs. Approximately half of MITRE's employees work under the unit, which seeks to "further extend the parent organization's impact across federally-funded research-and-development centers and with partners in academia and industry".

The nonprofit foundation MITRE Engenuity (or simply Engenuity) was launched in 2019 "to collaborate with the private sector on solving industrywide problems with cyber defense" in collaboration with corporate partners. The foundation created the Center for Threat-Informed Defense that has 23 member organizations with cybersecurity teams, as of 2020, including Fujitsu and Microsoft. In September 2020, Engenuity's Center for Threat-Informed Defense and partners launched the Adversary Emulation Library, a GitHub-hosted project providing downloadable emulation plans to network security groups at no cost. The library's first plan was focused on the prominent cybercrime group FIN6. MITRE had previously released emulation plans for the Chinese and Russian hacker groups Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) 3 and APT29 in 2017 and 2020, respectively. In March 2021, Engenuity created the MITRE ATT&CK Defender training program to educate and certify cybersecurity professionals.

Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs)
MITRE manages six FFRDCs. The National Security Engineering Center, previously known as the C3I Federally Funded Research and Development Center until 2011, addresses national security issues for the Department of Defense.

MITRE's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) supports the FAA, an agency within the Department of Transportation.

The organization's Center for Enterprise Modernization, which focuses on enterprise modernization, was established as the IRS Federally Funded Research and Development Center in 1998, before being renamed in August 2001. Originally sponsored by the Internal Revenue Service (a bureau of the Department of the Treasury), the Department of Veterans Affairs joined as a co-sponsor in 2008, and the Social Security Administration joined as a co-sponsor in 2018.

MITRE's Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute (HSSEDI) completes work for the Department of Homeland Security, such as maintaining the federal executive department's list of the 25 most common software bugs. The HSSEDI was established in 2009, following passage of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, and along with the Homeland Security Studies and Analysis Institute replaced the Homeland Security Institute.

MITRE's CMS Alliance to Modernize Healthcare was established in 2012 as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Federally Funded Research and Development Center, also known as the Health FFRDC. The FFRDC is sponsored by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services.

MITRE has managed the National Cybersecurity FFRDC since 2014, following receipt of a "single indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity" $5 million contract from the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) for a research center dedicated to cybersecurity. MITRE will support NIST's work "related to cybersecurity solutions composed of commercial components and the integration of technology to build trustworthy information systems for government agencies".

Currently, MITRE holds the contract to administer and provide management to JASON, an advisory group for the federal government made up of scientists.

Policy
MITRE's Center for Data-Driven Policy, established in 2020, seeks to "provide evidence-based, objective and nonpartisan insights for government policymaking".

The Center for Technology & National Security, now part of the Center for Data-Driven Policy, was created to link MITRE "with senior government officials for research and development purposes". Members of the advisory board include John F. Campbell, Lisa Disbrow, William E. Gortney, Robert B. Murrett, and Robert O. Work, as of mid 2020.

Projects

National security
U.S. military forces, especially the Air Force, were primary initial sponsors; according to Air Force Magazine, MITRE was created "as a special-purpose technical not-for-profit firm to perform the SAGE systems-engineering job". The aerial warfare service branch had struggled to identify a for-profit corporation to develop the defense system, so MITRE was hired to serve as the system engineer. MITRE subsequently designed air defense systems for the U.S. and allies, improving aircraft and missile tracking as well as communication interception abilities. The company also helped design the Cheyenne Mountain Complex facility in Colorado operating the North American Air Defense system. In the 1970s, MITRE continued supporting military projects such as AWACS and the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System and "[helping] civil agencies develop information systems for transportation, medicine, law enforcement, space exploration and environmental cleanup."

MITRE has completed software engineering work for the Distributed Common Ground System and helped the North Atlantic Treaty Organization create intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) data standards. The company also worked with the Multi-Sensor Aerospace-Ground Joint ISR Interoperability Coalition to ensure proper formatting for ISR sensor data. In 2018, MITRE developed the "Deliver Uncompromised" strategy for the Department of Defense, proposing recommendations for supply chain security. MITRE and the Air Force Association's Mitchell Institute published a report in 2019 recommending improved technologies for the U.S. nuclear command, control and communications (NC3) network and warning that some of the system's early satellites are "vulnerable to electronic attacks and interference". The firm also published a government-mandated report with recommendations for the Air Force's inventory in 2030. The Department of Veterans Affairs hired MITRE to provide recommendation for implementation and program integration of the Forever GI Bill.

MITRE has also focused on the great power competition; in 2020, the company published a paper about 5G networks and competition between China and the U.S.

Airspace, Global Positioning System (GPS), and aerospace
In addition to military work, MITRE's early projects included air traffic control improvements for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). During the 1980s, MITRE helped modernize the Air Force's airborne early warning and control system and improve the Milstar constellation of communications satellites. The company also worked on a major overhaul of the FAA's traffic control system as well as sensor technology for tracking stealth aircraft. In 1997, MITRE sponsored a research program related to Global Positioning System (GPS) adaptive nulling antennas. MITRE also provided global navigation satellite system signal generation equipment for testing at the United States Army's White Sands Missile Range. The Air Force Research Laboratory's geosynchronous satellite Navigation Technology Satellite-3 will use MITRE's Global Navigation Satellite System Test Architecture to "implement user equipment capability".

MITRE has worked on the traffic collision avoidance system of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), a modernization project of the National Airspace System (NAS). MITRE's Integrated Demonstration and Experimentation for Aeronautics (IDEA) Lab has assessed the impact of new technologies for the FAA since 1992. In addition to air traffic management and aviation regulations, the group has worked on merging unmanned aerial vehicle operations into the NAS as well as defining how the system will function in 2035, a decade after the scheduled implementation of NextGen.

MITRE has explored the use of mobile devices for communicating instrument flight rules, specifically clearances at airports lacking Pre-Departure Clearance/Data Comm Clearance. The company's Pacer web application uses System Wide Information Management and Traffic Flow Management System data as well as airline and general aviation departure schedules to "improve the way that general aviation operators file for and obtain departure clearances".

MITRE has also completed air traffic control and safety work for the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). The company's Singapore-based unit was hired by CAAS to consider how artificial intelligence, machine learning, and speech recognition could be used to improve air traffic management systems. Among MITRE's innovations was a "speech recognition prototype that will automate and shorten the transcription process during an aviation incident investigation".

MITRE and the Naval Research Laboratory developed the Frequency-scaled Ultra-wide Spectrum Element (FUSE) antenna to increase the data transfer speed between ground users and satellites. Meshbed, a CubeSat launched into orbit by the Indian Space Research Organisation's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle in November 2019, will test the antenna's effectiveness. MITRE has received three patents for the antenna.

Cybersecurity and election integrity
The MITRE ATT&CK framework, launched in 2015, has been described by Computer Weekly as "the free, globally accessible service that offers comprehensive and current cyber security threat information" to organizations, and by TechTarget as a "global knowledge base of threat activity, techniques and models". The framework has been used by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and the FBI. Version 8.0 was released in 2020. According to a 2020 study published by the University of California, Berkeley and security software company McAfee, 80 percent of companies use the framework for cybersecurity.

The Structured Threat Information eXchange (STIX), described as a "machine-to-machine cyber threat information-sharing language", was developed by MITRE and the Department of Homeland Security. The program facilitates information sharing between industry, critical infrastructure operators and government in order to blunt cyberattacks" and allows participants to share data via the Trusted Automated eXchange of Indicator Information (TAXII). Program governance was granted to the global nonprofit consortium OASIS in 2015, and STIX 2.0 was approved in 2017.

In September 2020, the U.S. Air Force awarded a $463 million contract to continue work for the National Security Engineering Center, an FFRDC supporting the Department of Defense and Intelligence Community. The contract will provide cybersecurity, electronics, information technology, sensors, and systems engineering services in Bedford and McLean for one year. Microsoft and MITRE partnered on the open source Adversarial Machine Learning Threat Matrix in collaboration with IBM, Nvidia, and academic institutions. Launched in October 2020, the framework is "designed to organize and catalogue known techniques for attacks against machine-learning systems, to inform security analysts and provide them with strategies to detect, respond and remediate against threats".

In February 2020, MITRE launched SQUINT, a free app allowing election officials to report misinformation on social media; the app was being used by eleven U.S. states, as of October 2020. The company also established the National Election Security Lab, offering free risk assessments for voting systems.

Other projects include the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database of vulnerabilities and exposures related to information security and the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) category system for software weaknesses and vulnerabilities.

Government innovation
MITRE and the British startup company Simudyne partnered to convert an "agent-based" financial risk model of "asset fire-sales and investor flight from banks and funds into a commercial product". The new system is based on one MITRE had previously created for the Department of the Treasury. MITRE has also researched cloud computing policy, helped the U.S. federal government identify fraudulent comments intended to "spoof" public support for non-existent positions during the rulemaking process, and increased the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue's delinquent taxpayer compliance rate.

Health care
In 1982, Mitre authored a proposal for the State Department called "Cannabis Eradication in Foreign Western Nations." In this proposal, a plan was outlined to eradicate cannabis in participating nations within 121 days, for $19 million. The report discussed the use and safety considerations of paraquat. The plan would have been to aerially dispense paraquat over marijuana crops. One safety concern was the food crops grown alongside the marijuana crops being contaminated. A study conducted on rats by Imperial Chemical Industries was cited in the report, and claimed low health risks for paraquat. The U.S. Public Health Service commented on this study saying that due to the present squamous metaplasia in the respiratory tracts of the rats that "This study should not be used to calculate the safe inhalation dose of paraquat in humans."

During the 1980s, MITRE worked on a digital radiological imaging project for MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and an upgrade to MEDLINE for the National Institutes of Health. Synthea, MITRE's open source synthetic data system, "mirrors real population information in terms of demographics, disease burden, vaccinations, medical visits and social determinants", and seeks to "mimic how each patient progresses from birth to death through modular representations of various diseases and conditions". MITRE's patient data set SyntheticMass, based on "fictional" Massachusetts residents, was formatted by Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources and made available to developers via Google Cloud in 2019.

COVID-19
In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, MITRE published a white paper claiming the number of confirmed and reported COVID-19 cases "significantly underrepresent the actual number of active domestic COVID-19 infections" in the United States. MITRE said the gap was because of "limited testing capability and the multi-day period of asymptomatic infectivity associated with the COVID-19 pathogen". MITRE managed the Coronavirus Commission on Safety and Quality in Nursing Homes, announced by the Donald Trump administration in June 2020, to "independently and comprehensively assess" responses to the pandemic and "offer actionable recommendations to inform future responses to infectious disease outbreaks within nursing homes".

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded a $16.5 million MITRE-led project to create an enduring open source tool called Sara Alert, for monitoring symptoms of Americans exposed to COVID-19. MITRE developed the free tool in collaboration with multiple national public health organizations as well as local and state health agencies. In April 2020, Sara Alert launched in Arkansas and was being tested in Danbury, Connecticut as well as the Northern Mariana Islands, with data being maintained by the Association of Public Health Laboratories. Sara Alert was being used in Idaho, Maine, Pennsylvania, and Virginia by the end of May, and Guam by October. Since January 2021, MITRE has co-lead a coalition known as the Vaccination Credential Initiative (VCI), which is composed of over 300 technology and healthcare organizations developing a technical standard for verifying vaccination and other clinical information.

Corporate governance

Leadership
Clair William Halligan, an electrical engineer, served as MITRE's first president until 1966, when he became chairman of the company's executive committee. He retired in 1968. John L. McLucas succeeded Halligan as president. Robert Everett served as president from 1969 to 1986. Subsequent holders of the president and chief executive officer (CEO) role included Charles S. Zraket (1986–1990), Barry Horowitz (1990–1996), Victor A. DeMarines (1996–2000), Martin C. Faga (2000–2006), and Alfred Grasso (2006–2017). Jason Providakes became the current president and CEO in 2017.

Jay Schnitzer serves as chief technology officer and chief medical officer. He is leading a national effort to combat COVID-19 on behalf of MITRE and 50 partner companies, health care providers, and researchers, as of March 2020. MITRE named Charles Clancy its first chief futurist in 2020 and restructured to create MITRE Labs.

Current trustees include Mike Rogers (chairman), George Campbell Jr., Lance Collins, Maury W. Bradsher, Sue Gordon, Yvette Meléndez, George Halvorson, Paul G. Kaminski, Adalio T. Sanchez, Cathy Minehan, John H. Noseworthy, Rodney E. Slater, and Jan E. Tighe.

Partnerships
The Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and MITRE partnered on the 'mCODE Initiative' to recommend data standards for cancer patients' electronic health records. MITRE supports the Homeland Security Experts Group, which has been described as "an independent, nonpartisan group of homeland security and counterterrorism experts that educates the public and government leaders, including the secretary of homeland security".

MITRE became a founding member of the Space Information Sharing and Analysis Center, a cybersecurity project for the space industry, in 2019. MITRE and partners such as Harvard Innovation Labs and MassChallenge launched Bridging Innovation in 2020 to connect government agencies and startup companies. MITRE is a member of the COVID-19 Healthcare Coalition, which is co-chaired by Jay Schnitzer. In June 2020, the coalition launched the COVID-19 Decision Support Dashboard, which uses public data to assess transmission trends and display color-coded indicators based on performance by jurisdiction. MITRE is also part of the Fight Is In Us coalition, a collaborative effort between advocates, companies, and government officials to promote plasma donation for patient treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Challenges
MITRE's Countering Unmanned Aircraft Systems Challenge in 2016 invited applicants to "demonstrate systems that detect and stop drones weighing less than five pounds that present a safety or security risk". The company's Unique Identification of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices Challenge tasked applicants with improving security for connected devices. In 2020, MITRE participated in the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Too Close for Too Long Challenge to "help evaluate and potentially improve upon that baseline Bluetooth performance for helping detect when smartphone users are standing too close to one another".

Locations
In addition to the headquarter campuses in Bedford and McLean, MITRE has more than 60 other locations throughout the United States and around the world. In New Jersey, two offices house approximately 60 employees, as of September 2020. Up to 70 percent of employees may continue working remotely, even after restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been lifted.

MITRE's data center in Bedford, originally built during the 1980s and known as the High Performance Computing Center since 2015, was retrofitted with a refrigerant-based cooling system, resulting in lower operating costs and a higher compute capacity. In 2023, a large underground marine equipment testing tank opened on the Bedford campus. The company's McLean campus houses the Integrated Demonstration and Experimentation for Aeronautics (IDEA) Lab, as well as the Mobile Autonomous Systems Experimentation lab, which focuses on self-driving cars. MITRE's laboratory in Singapore, called Mitre Asia Pacific Singapore (MAPS) assesses and displays "various safety and air traffic concepts in preparation for the future".

Recognition
In June 2008, MITRE was presented with the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service for "significant contributions in communications, command and control decision-making, intelligence, cyberspace, and warfighter field support, as well as research and development". In July 2008, MITRE was awarded the Air Force Association's Theodore Von Karman award for "the most outstanding contribution in the field of engineering and science". In July 2008, MITRE's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD), as part of an ADS-B team of 26 public and private sector groups, was selected for the 2007 Collier Trophy for its efforts in conceptualizing, developing, and implementing a fundamental, so-called "cornerstone capability" for the future of the national airspace system.

In 2011, for the second time, MITRE's knowledge management successes have earned the corporation a North American Most Admired Knowledge Enterprises (MAKE) award, which recognizes organizations for exceptional knowledge management and knowledge sharing practices. In 2011 and 2012, InformationWeek named MITRE to its InformationWeek 500, an annual ranking of the nation's most innovative users of business technology. In 2013, MITRE was named a CSO40 Award winner by the International Data Group's CSO Magazine. The CSO40 Awards recognize 40 organizations for security projects and initiatives that demonstrate outstanding business value and thought leadership. In 2015, Forbes named MITRE one of America's Best Employers.

MITRE has been included on annual lists of several magazines. The Boston Globe has named MITRE to its "Top Places to Work" list for four years. Fortune included MITRE in its "100 Best Companies to Work For" for ten consecutive years. Computerworld included MITRE in its "100 Best Places to Work in IT" list, for eight consecutive years; the company was recognized again in 2016 and 2018–2020. Glassdoor has named MITRE one of the "50 Best Places to Work" for five consecutive years. In 2021, MITRE was included in CIO magazine's "CIO 100" list, which recognizes IT organizations "for driving digital business growth through technology innovation".

MITRE has also been included in The Washington Post lists of "Top Workplaces", ranking number 8 and number 10 in the large companies category in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Bloomberg Government ranked the company number 47 in 2018 and 2019 lists of top federal contractors. In 2019 and 2021, the magazine U.S. Black Engineer and Information Technology included MITRE in a list of "top supporters" of engineering programs at historically black colleges and universities. MITRE ranked number 38 in The Denver Post 2020 list of the "best midsize companies to work for" in Colorado.

References

External links

 Mitre at Market Visual

United States Department of Defense
Federally Funded Research and Development Centers
Non-profit organizations based in Massachusetts
Non-profit organizations based in McLean, Virginia
Bedford, Massachusetts
Organizations established in 1958
1958 establishments in Massachusetts

Mitre Corporation


Murdoch Alexander MacPherson,  (April 16, 1891 – June 12, 1966) was a Canadian politician, Attorney-General of Saskatchewan under Conservative Premier James T.M. Anderson from 1929 to 1932.

Early life and education
Born at MacPherson House on Cape Breton Island, MacPherson attended law school at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Military and legal career
He served in World War I and commanded a company of the 10th Battalion at Battle of Vimy Ridge where he came out unscathed. He was wounded by shellfire, however, at Arleux, near Arras a few days later. MacPherson Avenue in Regina, Saskatchewan was later named in his honour, and is an official memorial of the Canadian Department of National Defence. After the war he practiced law in Saskatchewan and eventually became a Queen's Counsel (Q.C.).

Political career
MacPherson was first elected to the Saskatchewan legislative assembly in 1924, and remained a member of the Legislative Assembly until his defeat in the 1934 provincial election that wiped out the Conservative Party. He was called to Ottawa late in the term of the R.B. Bennett government to assist in creating the Farm Credit Corporation. In 1959, he headed a Royal Commission: the MacPherson Commission.

In 1938 and again in 1942, he was a candidate at the federal Conservative leadership conventions, coming in second place on both occasions.

Personal life
In May 1961, he received an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree from the University of Saskatchewan.

One of his three sons, Murdoch Alexander MacPherson Jr., known as "Sandy",  born in 1916, was a pillar of the local Progressive Conservative Party and of the non-concurring First Presbyterian congregation. He served as a justice of the Saskatchewan Court of Queen's Bench from 1961 to 1981; during this time, he sat on the custody case of Colin Thatcher.

M.A.'s second son, Ian, served in the Indian Army during the Second World War and after being promoted to the rank of acting Lieutenant-Colonel, was killed in action near Mawlu in Burma in April 1944.  He is memorialized in Michael Calvert's book "Prisoners of Hope."

Another son, Donald K. MacPherson (always referred to and addressed as "D.K. MacPherson"), was a successful Saskatchewan labour lawyer and later Chief Justice of the Saskatchewan Court of Queen's Bench. D.K.'s son, Les MacPherson, is a retired columnist for the Saskatoon Star-Phoenix newspaper.

References

External links
Brief biography from MacPherson Leslie & Tyerman LLP Lawyers - This firm is the present-day successor of the law firm that MacPherson founded in 1920 in Regina
University of Saskatchewan archives - Information on MacPherson's honorary degree
Notice on MacPherson Avenue, Regina, Saskatchewan - From Canadian Dept. of National Defence, Department of History and Heritage

1891 births
1966 deaths
Attorneys-General of Saskatchewan
Schulich School of Law alumni
Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan MLAs
Canadian King's Counsel
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada leadership candidates

M. A. MacPherson


Paris Saint-Germain Football Club veya genel olarak bilinen ismiyle Paris Saint-Germain () ya da kısaca PSG (), 1970 yılında Fransa'nın Paris şehrinde kurulan spor kulübüdür. Fransa'nın en üst ligi olan Ligue 1'de yer alır. Kendi sahası olarak kullandığı stadyum Prensler Parkı'dır.

1970 yılında kurulan Paris takımı, ilk büyük başarısını 1982 yılında Fransa Kupasını kazanarak yakalamış, 1986 yılında da ilk Ligue 1 şampiyonluğunu yaşamıştır. 90'lı yıllar PSG tarihinin en başarılı dönemidir; 2. kez lig şampiyonluğu, 3 Fransız kupası, 2 lig kupası, 2 Fransa süper kupası ve Kupa Galipleri Kupası bu dönemde kazanılmıştır. 1974 yılından itibaren Ligue 1'de oynamaya başlayan PSG, 11 defa Ligue 1 şampiyonluğu, 14 defa Coupe de France şampiyonluğu, 9 defa Coupe de la Ligue, 10 defa Trophée des champions şampiyonluğu, 1 defa Ligue 2 şampiyonluğu, 1 defa UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası şampiyonluğu ve 1 defa da UEFA Intertoto Kupası kazandı. PSG, Fransa'daki en başarılı üç kulüpten birisidir ve Avrupa'da üç büyük UEFA turnuvasından bir tanesini kazanma başarısı gösteren (Marsilya ile) iki Fransız kulübünden birisidir.

Prensler Parkı, 1974 yılından bu yana PSG'nin iç saha maçlarına ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Camp des Loges ise 1970 yılından bu yana kulübün eğitim merkezi olarak hizmet vermektedir. Tournoi de Paris, 1975 yılından itibaren PSG'nin ev sahipliğinde Parc des Princes'da düzenlenmeye başlandı. Les Parisiens forma ve arması ağırlıklı olarak Daniel Hechter tarafından tasarlandı.

2016 yılında Paris Saint-Germain, League Of Legends Avrupa Şampiyonluk Aşaması'nda oynayan Team HUMA'nın slotunu satın alarak e-spor'a adım atmıştır. Takım, FIFA takımına Lucas "Daxe" Cuiller'i, League of Legends takımına ise koç olarak Bora "YellowStar" Kim'i transfer etmiştir.

Tarihi
12 Ağustos 1970 tarihinde Paris FC ve Stade Saint-Germain takımlarının birleşmesi sonucu kuruldu. Daha ilk sezonunda Ligue 2 şampiyonu olarak Ligue 1'e yükseldiler. Fakat bu ivme Paris FC'nin, kurulan birliktelikten ayrılmasıyla son buldu; Paris FC Ligue 1'de yoluna devam ederken PSG 3. Lige düşürüldü. 1974 yılında PSG tekrar Ligue 1'e yükseldi ve bünyesinden ayrılan Paris FC bir alt lige düştü. Aynı yıl, Parc des Princes stadyumunu kullanmaya başladılar.

1982 yılında ilk büyük kupalarını, Coupe de France (Coupe de France) kazandılar. Bu dönemde takımın önemli oyuncuları Safet Sušić, Luis Fernández ve Dominique Rocheteau idi. 1986 yılında 39 yaşında genç bir teknik direktör olan Gérard Houllier önderliğinde Ligue 1 şampiyonu oldular. Kulübün altın çağı denebilecek olan dönem kulübün medya devi Canal + tarafından satın alınmasıyla yaşandı. David Ginola, George Weah ve Raí gibi yıldız oyuncular önderliğinde takım 90'lı yıllarda 9 kupa kazandı. Bu 9 kupadan en iz bırakanları 1994 yılındaki 2. Lig şampiyonluğu ve 1996 yılındaki UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası idi.

2000'li yıllarda Ronaldinho gibi bir yıldıza ve Pauleta'nın gollerine rağmen lig şampiyonluğunu ve Avrupa'da başarı yakalayamadılar. Kazanılan 3 Fransa Kupası, 1 lig kupası ve 1 UEFA İntertoto kupası'nın yanında takım 2 sene kümede kalma mücadelesi verdi.

Bu zorlu dönem, takımın çoğunluk hisselerinin 2011 yılında Qatar Sports Investments (Katar Spor Yatırımları) tarafında alınmasıyla geride bırakıldı. Kulübün satın alınmasıyla birlikte, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Thiago Silva, Edinson Cavani, Neymar and Kylian Mbappé gibi oyuncularla Fransa ligini domine ettiler ve 2012-13 sezonundan 2019-20 sezonuna kadar 7 şampiyonluk kazandılar. 2016-17 sezonunda Monaco araya girmemiş olsaydı arka arkaya 8 şampiyonluk kazanmış olacaklardı. PSG takımı 2012-13 sezonundan itibaren Şampiyonlar Ligi'nde sürekli yer alıp, gruptan çıkmayı da başarmıştır. 2019-20 sezonunda pandemiden dolayı bir süre ertelenen ve sonrasında tek maçlı eleme sistemiyle devam eden turnuvada finale kadar yükselmiştir fakat finalde Bayern Munih'e 1-0 yenilmişlerdir.

Oyuncular

Güncel kadro

Kiralık verilenler

Teknik kadro

İdari kadro

Tesisler

Teknik direktörleri

  Pierre Phelipon (1970-72)
  Robert Vicot (1972-73)
  Just Fontaine ve  Robert Vicot (1973-75)
  Just Fontaine (1975-76)
  Velibor Vasović (1976-77)
  Ilija Pantelić ve  Pierre Alonzo (1977)
  Jean-Michel Larqué (1977-78)
  Pierre Alonzo (1978)
  Velibor Vasović (1978-79)
  Pierre Alonzo ve  Camille Choquier (1979)
  Georges Peyroche (1979-83)
  Lucien Leduc (1983-84)
  Georges Peyroche (1984-85)
  Christian Coste (1985)
  Gérard Houllier (1985-87)
  Erick Mombaerts (1987-88)
  Erick Mombaerts ve  Gérard Houllier (1988)
  Tomislav Ivić (1988-90)
  Henri Michel (1990-91)
  Artur Jorge (1991-94)
  Luis Fernández (1994-96)
  Ricardo ve  Joël Bats (1996-98)
  Alain Giresse (1998)
  Artur Jorge (1998-99)
  Philippe Bergeroo (1999-00)
  Luis Fernández (2000-03)
  Vahid Halilhodžić (2003-05)
  Laurent Fournier (2005)
  Guy Lacombe (2005-07)
  Paul Le Guen (2007-09)
  Antoine Kombouaré (2009-11)
  Carlo Ancelotti (2011-13)
  Laurent Blanc (2013-16)
  Unai Emery (2016-18)
  Thomas Tuchel (2018-20)
  Mauricio Pochettino (2021-22)
  Christophe Galtier (2022-2023)
  Luis Enrique (2023-)

Başarıları

Ulusal
 Ligue 1
Şampiyon (11): 1985-86, 1993-94, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20, 2021-22, 2022-23 (rekor)
İkinci (8): 1989-90, 1995-96, 1996-97, 1999-00, 2003-04, 2011-12, 2016-17, 2020-21
 Ligue 2
Şampiyon (1): 1970-71
 Coupe de France
Şampiyon (14): 1982, 1983, 1993, 1995, 1998, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2015, 201, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 (rekor)
İkinci (5): 1985, 2003, 2008, 2011, 2019
 Coupe de la Ligue
Şampiyon (9): 1995, 1998, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 (Rekor)
İkinci (1): 2000
 Trophée des Champions
Şampiyon (11): 1995, 1998, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2022 (Rekor)
İkinci (5): 1986, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2021

Avrupa
 UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası
Şampiyon (1): 1996
Finalist (1): 1997
 UEFA Intertoto Kupası
Şampiyon (1): 2001
 UEFA Süper Kupası
Finalist (1): 1996
 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi
Finalist (1): 2020

Ayrıca bakınız
 Paris Saint-Germain - İstanbul Başakşehir (2020-21 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi)
 Nasır el-Halifi
 Stade Saint-Germain

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Resmî Siteleri
  Resmî Site
  Paris Saint-Germain Ligue 1
  Paris Saint-Germain  UEFA

Haber Siteleri
 Paris Saint-Germain Haberleri  Le Parisien
 Paris Saint-Germain Haberleri  L'Equipe
 Paris Saint-Germain Haberleri  Sky Sports
 Paris Saint-Germain Haberleri  ESPN

Fransa'daki futbol kulüpleri
Saint-Germain FC
Saint-Germain FC
G-14
1970'te Fransa'da kurulan oluşumlar
1970'te kurulan futbol kulüpleri
Ligue 1 kulüpleri
UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası şampiyonları

Paris Saint-Germain FC


Danmarks Museum for Lystsejlads er et maritimt museum i Svendborg, som formidler maritim kulturarv og historie om lystsejlads i Danmark. Museet er en selvejende, ikke offentligt støttet institution, som formidler mere end 150 års historie om lystsejlads og sejlsport i Danmark. Det er Nordens største af sin art, og rummer bl.a. udstillingsbåde, tegninger, modeller og historiske effekter. Museet har til huse i en nedlagt værftshal på Frederiksøen, på Svendborg Havn. Hallen er indrettet med en udstilling, aktiviteter, café, loungeområde, museets eget bibliotek, aktiviteter for børn som f.eks. skattejagt og et arbejdende værksted, hvor der løbende restaureres både af frivillige.

Historie

Det var sejlsportsmanden, og forfatter til mere en 30 bøger om sejlsport, Bent Aarre der sammen med klubben "Piraterne" tilbage i 1990 tog initiativ til at starte foreningen bag museet. Åbningen foregik den 6. Juni 1996, hvor museet blev åbnet af Dronning Margrethe og Prins Henrik i Søndre Længe foran Valdemars Slot på Tåsinge. Dér lå det indtil 2015, hvor museet flyttede ind i en nedlagt værftshal på Frederiksøen i Svendborg. Åbningen af det nye museum var i maj 2016.

Udstilling
I museet er ca. 40 fartøjer udstillet, deriblandt små joller, klassiske kajakker, Starbåden Leise, Danmarks mindste spidsgatter Bette Ole på blot 4 meter og Stormy II som Svend Billesbølle sejlede jorden rundt i mellem 1988 og 1995. Derudover er der effekter som Paul Elvstrøms stopur, fra dengang han vandt sit første OL og verdens første sammensatte toplanterne.

Museet har flere sejlende både. Nogle ligger ved Sejlskibsbroen i Svendborg Havn, mens museets flagskib Runa er hjemmehørende i Skovshoved.

Eksterne henvisninger
 lystsejlads.dk

Noter

Museum for Lystsejlads
Museer etableret i 1996
Søfartsmuseer
Svendborg

Danmarks Museum for Lystsejlads


Grecs pour la Patrie, en  / Éllines gia tin Patrída, est un parti politique nationaliste grec, fondé le , par l'ancien porte-parole du parti Aube dorée, Ilías Kassidiáris.

Le parti a officiellement pour dirigeant Anastasios Kanellopoulos, un ex-procureur adjoint à la Cour suprême, mais son véritable chef est Ilías Kassidiáris.

En vue des élections législatives grecques de mai 2023, le Parlement grec adopte un amendement en 2023 interdisant aux partis politiques dont les dirigeants ont été condamnés pour une infraction pénale grave à concourir aux élections, ce qui concerne principalement Les Hellènes, qui représentait alors 3 % d'intentions de vote dans les sondages.

Identité visuelle

Références

Parti politique en Grèce
Nationalisme grec
2020 en Grèce
Parti politique fondé en 2020
Parti politique nationaliste en Europe
Opposition à l'immigration
Extrême droite en Grèce
Parti politique néofasciste
Parti politique d'extrême droite en Europe

Les Hellènes


Reineskarvet er et bjergmassiv i Skarvheimen i Ål kommune, Viken fylke i Norge. Det har en højyde på  meter over havet. Reineskarvet er omkring femten kilometer langt og strækker sig fra Lauvdalen og Reinestølen i sydøst mot Djup og Djupsbotn i nordvest. Fjeldet har karakteristiske bratte kanter mod sdvest, akkurat som Hallingskarvet længere mod vest.

Kilder og henvisninger

[død henvisning]

Bjerge i Viken
Ål (Norge)

Reineskarvet


Os termos Catanduva, Catanduvas ou Catanduvense podem referir-se a:

Municípios
 Catanduva, em São Paulo
 Catanduvas, no Paraná
 Catanduvas, em Santa Catarina

Esportes
 Catanduva Futebol Clube, de Catanduva, São Paulo
 Catanduva Esporte Clube, clube de futebol extinto de Catanduva, São Paulo
 Catanduva Basket Clube, equipe de basquete feminino de Catanduva, São Paulo
 Grêmio Catanduvense de Futebol, de Catanduva, São Paulo
 Grêmio Esportivo Catanduvense, clube de futebol extinto de Catanduva, São Paulo

Outros
 Penitenciária Federal de Catanduvas, prisão federal de segurança máxima em Catanduvas, Paraná
 Piptadenia moniliformis, árvore popularmente conhecida como catanduva

Desambiguação
Desambiguações de topônimos

Catanduva (desambiguação)


Lyn 1896 Fotballklubb () is a Norwegian football club and a department of the sports club Ski- og Fotballklubben Lyn based in Oslo, whose members also participate in Nordic skiing and orienteering. Until 2010, SFK Lyn had two football departments, one professional section and one amateur section. After the professional football department, FK Lyn, was bankrupted in 2010, the fans decided to support the amateur department, Lyn Fotball, instead. With the help of some of the old FK Lyn players, Lyn Fotball has won three consecutive promotions, and are playing in the 2. divisjon. The team plays its home matches at Bislett Stadium, and the head coach is currently Jan Halvor Halvorsen.

Lyn was founded in 1896 and is one of the oldest football clubs in Norway. They were founding members of the Football Association of Norway in 1902. The club won the top division title in 1964 and 1968 and have won the cup eight times. Lyn was also the initiator of the construction of Ullevaal Stadion, which has served as Norway's national stadium since 1927 and was Lyn's home ground from 1926 to 2010. Lyn has traditionally been perceived as representing the upper and middle classes, whereas the eastside club Vålerenga was seen as belonging to the workers.

The club enjoyed some success during the first half of the 20th century, securing many cup titles, and despite failing to win the league title, had a certain stature in Norwegian football. The Norway national football team that won the bronze medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics included six players from Lyn. The captain of this team was Lyn-player Jørgen Juve, who is still the player with the most goals scored for the Norway national team. The club's most recent period of success was during the 1960s, when they won four trophies and reached the quarter-finals of the European Cup Winners' Cup.

Lyn also fields a women's team, which in 2012 won promotion to the 1. divisjon, the second tier in women's football. In 2017 the women's team, managed by Glenn Kleven, won promotion to the Toppserien, the top tier of women's football in Norway.

History

Early success
Lyn was founded on 3 March 1896 at St. Hanshaugen. Lyn was one of three clubs who in 1902 founded the Football Association of Norway, and is the only one still existing. In the first decade of Football in Norway, the club was one of the strongest and won four consecutive Norwegian Cups from 1908 until 1911. At the 1936 Summer Olympics, six Lyn-players, Arne Brustad, Øivind Holmsen, Fredrik Horn, Magnar Isaksen, Jørgen Juve and Frithjof Ulleberg, represented the Norway national football team that won the bronze medal, with Juve as the team's captain. Jørgen Juve is still the player with the most goals scored for the Norway national team.

Lyn also won the cup in 1945 and 1946 but had to wait until 1964 for their first league-title. With Harald Berg and Ola Dybwad-Olsen as main contributors the club secured another victory in the cup in 1967, and in 1968 the club won The Double, clinching both the League title and the Cup, and became the first team from Norway to reach the quarter-final of the European Cup Winners' Cup, where they met Barcelona. Because of the weather conditions during the winter in Norway, both matches were played in Spain. Lyn lost the first game 2-3 and in the second match Lyn was leading 2–0 with 15 minutes left to play. The match ended 2-2 and thus Lyn was eliminated.

The Double was followed by a dismal period in the club's history. The club was relegated in 1969, and even though the team was promoted back after one year and reached the cup final in 1970, the club was again relegated in 1973. During the next 30 years, Lyn was swiftly relegated and promoted between the first and the third tier and the club was never playing in the top division for more than three consecutive seasons. During this period the fan base eroded and Lyn is said to have lost a generation of supporters.

During the 90s the club went back and forth between the Premier League and the First Division. In 1994, Lyn reached the Norwegian Cup final but lost 2–3 to Molde.

The Brynestad-period
Norwegian investor Atle Brynestad bought the club in 1999, in effect saving it from bankruptcy. In 2000, the team was promoted to the Premier League, after winning the First Division with an unprecedented number of points, and they retained their spot in the top flight the following year. In the 2002-season a strengthened Lyn took the lead early on and had gained a large advantage halfway through the season, but had to settle for a 3rd-place finish after a disastrous slump in form and the controversial appointment of new head coach, Hrvoje Braović. The misery, in part due to the constant hiring and firing of coaches, continued into the next year. Lyn struggled at the bottom of the table for most of the season but avoided relegation thanks to the efforts of team captain Tommy Berntsen, who took on the role as coach after Teitur Thordarson, the 5th coach in two years, had resigned. 2004 was a recovery year for Lyn, ending the season in 6th place and reaching the Norwegian Cup final (lost to Brann).

2005 was an eventful year for the club, both on and off the pitch. The club's youth program was beginning to bear fruits and with former international Henning Berg as the new head coach the club claimed 3rd spot in the league. Lyn defeated Rosenborg at Ullevaal for the first time since 1968 and repeated the feat in the away game.

In April, the club's talented Nigerian midfielder Mikel John Obi signed a contract with Manchester United, and according to a statement by Lyn's managing director Morgan Andersen, it was the most expensive transfer in Norwegian football to date. The transfer has since been the source of a heated dispute, and Mikel instead joined Chelsea after a long period of time. FIFA released an announcement stating that Lyn had done everything correct in the process. The transfer is said to have cost Chelsea £16 million. £12 million of this to Manchester United and £4 million to Lyn.

Bankruptcy
On 10 October 2008, Chelsea announced on their website that they were initiating legal proceedings against Lyn Oslo and their former director Morgan Andersen in an attempt to recover the entire £16 million fee paid. Chelsea maintain that this was due to the contract of the original transfer being based on a fraudulent misrepresentation.

In 2007, the club sold Nigerian international Chinedu Obasi to TSG Hoffenheim for an expected €5 million.

The 2009 season was again very disappointing with the club relegated from Tippeligaen and saved from liquidation at the last moment.

The 2010 season saw Lyn at Bislett Stadium (sharing with Skeid) in the second level of Norway football. In April 2010 Idar Vollvik's company, Ludo, was presented as the club's latest sponsor in an attempt to rescue the club from its financial crisis, but to no avail, and on 30 June 2010, the club declared bankruptcy.

Recent years
Following the bankruptcy, Lyn's fans gathered around the club's surviving team in the 6. divisjon (seventh tier) for the remainder of the 2010 season moving their home games to Frogner Stadion, drawing large crowds to their home games. In late 2010, Lyn club paid all debt associated with the reserves team of the bankrupt top-flight club. The football association then awarded Lyn the licence formerly held by the reserves, allowing the club to play the 2011 season in the Fourth Division. Led by Finn Bredo Olsen, Lyn secured promotion to the 3. divisjon, after a perfect season with no losses or draws. On 30 September 2012, Lyn secured promotion to the 2. divisjon, after beating Lommedalen 9–0 in front of 2,113 spectators at Frogner Stadion. But, in 2015, Lyn was relegated to the 3. divisjon after three seasons and the unsuccessful attempts to promote to the 1. divisjon.

Achievements

Norwegian top flight:
Winners (2): 1964, 1968
Runners-up (4): 1937–38, 1963, 1965, 1971
Norwegian Cup:
Winners (8): 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1945, 1946, 1967, 1968
Runners-up (6): 1923, 1928, 1966, 1970, 1994, 2004
Oslo Championships:
Winners (8): 1915, 1917, 1922, 1926, 1930, 1935, 1936, 1937
Runners-up (2): 1909, 1919

Recent history

{|class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Season
!
! Pos.
! Pl.
! W
! D
! L
! GS
! GA
! P
!Cup
!Notes
|-
|2002
|Tippeligaen
|align=right bgcolor="#ccc9696"|3
|align=right|26||align=right|14||align=right|5||align=right|7
|align=right|36||align=right|29||align=right|47
||Quarterfinal
|
|-
|2003
|Tippeligaen
|align=right |10
|align=right|26||align=right|8||align=right|6||align=right|12
|align=right|34||align=right|45||align=right|30
||Fourth round
|
|-
|2004
|Tippeligaen
|align=right |6
|align=right|26||align=right|9||align=right|10||align=right|7
|align=right|30||align=right|31||align=right|37
|bgcolor=silver|Final
|
|-
|2005
|Tippeligaen
|align=right bgcolor="#ccc9696"|3
|align=right|26||align=right|12||align=right|8||align=right|6
|align=right|37||align=right|21||align=right|44
||Third round
|
|-
|2006
|Tippeligaen
|align=right |7
|align=right|26||align=right|10||align=right|5||align=right|11
|align=right|33||align=right|36||align=right|35
||Fourth round
|
|-
|2007
|Tippeligaen
|align=right |9
|align=right|26||align=right|10||align=right|4||align=right|12
|align=right|43||align=right|46||align=right|34
||Quarterfinal
|
|-
|2008
|Tippeligaen
|align=right |7
|align=right|26||align=right|11||align=right|5||align=right|10
|align=right|38||align=right|34||align=right|38
||Quarterfinal
|
|-
|2009
|Tippeligaen
|align=right bgcolor="#FFCCCC"| 16
|align=right|30||align=right|2||align=right|10||align=right|18
|align=right|29||align=right|59||align=right|16
||Quarterfinal
|Relegated to the 1. divisjon
|-
|2010
|1. divisjon
|align=right bgcolor="#FFCCCC"| 16
|align=right|0||align=right|0||align=right|0||align=right|0
|align=right|0||align=right|0||align=right|0
|Third round
|Bankrupt. Relegated to the 6. divisjon
|-
|2010
|6. divisjon
|align=right bgcolor=#DDFFDD| 1
|align=right|18||align=right|14||align=right|1||align=right|3
|align=right|87||align=right|28||align=right|43
|
|Promoted to the 4. divisjon
|-
|2011
|4. divisjon
|align=right bgcolor=#DDFFDD| 1
|align=right|20||align=right|20||align=right|0||align=right|0
|align=right|106||align=right|10||align=right|60
|Not Qualified
|Promoted to the 3. divisjon
|-
|2012
|3. divisjon
|align=right bgcolor=#DDFFDD| 1
|align=right|24||align=right|21||align=right|1||align=right|2
|align=right|100||align=right|13||align=right|64
|First round
|Promoted to the 2. divisjon
|-
|2013
|2. divisjon
|align=right |4
|align=right|26||align=right|11||align=right|8||align=right|7
|align=right|47||align=right|32||align=right|41
|Second round
|
|-
|2014
|2. divisjon
|align=right |10
|align=right|26||align=right|9||align=right|5||align=right|12
|align=right|42||align=right|42||align=right|32
|Third round
|
|-
|2015
|2. divisjon
|align=right bgcolor="#FFCCCC"| 12
|align=right|26||align=right|7||align=right|4||align=right|15
|align=right|41||align=right|64||align=right|25
|First round
|Relegated to the 3. divisjon
|-
|2016
|3. divisjon
|align=right| 1
|align=right|26||align=right|20||align=right|5||align=right|1
|align=right|69||align=right|20||align=right|65
|First round
|
|-
|2017
|3. divisjon
|align=right| 2
|align=right|26||align=right|20||align=right|3||align=right|3
|align=right|71||align=right|35||align=right|63
|First round
|
|-
|2018
|3. divisjon
|align=right| 3
|align=right|26||align=right|17||align=right|2||align=right|7
|align=right|73||align=right|40||align=right|53
|First round
|
|-
|2019
|3. divisjon
|align=right| 6
|align=right|26||align=right|11||align=right|6||align=right|9
|align=right|57||align=right|45||align=right|39
|First round
|
|-
|2020
|colspan="11"|Season cancelled
|-
|2021
|3. divisjon
|align=right| 4
|align=right|13||align=right|6||align=right|5||align=right|2
|align=right|32||align=right|20||align=right|23
|First round
|
|-
|2022
|3. divisjon
|align=right bgcolor=#DDFFDD| 1
|align=right|26||align=right|22||align=right|4||align=right|0
|align=right|88||align=right|24||align=right|70
|First round
|Promoted to the 2. divisjon
|}
Source:

Current squad

European record

Summary

Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against. Defunct competitions indicated in italics.Notes: This summary includes matches played in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, which was not endorsed by UEFA and is not counted in UEFA's official European statistics.

List of matches

Records

Greatest home victory: 11-2 vs. Viking FK, 28 July 1968
Greatest away victory: 14-1 vs. Nesøya, 29 September 2010
Heaviest home loss: 1-8 vs. Strømsgodset Toppfotball, 16 May 1969
Heaviest away loss: 1-10 vs. Strømsgodset Toppfotball, 16 June 1968
Heaviest European loss: 0-10 vs. Leeds United, European Cup Rd.1, leg 1, Sept 1969
Highest attendance, Ullevaal Stadion: 35,000 vs. Sarpsborg FK, 29 September 1946
Highest average attendance, season: 8,089, 1968
Most appearances, total: 420, Ola Dybwad-Olsen 1964-1978
Most appearances, league: 219, Ola Dybwad-Olsen 1964-1978
Most goals scored, league: 119, Ola Dybwad-Olsen 1964-1978
Most goals scored, season: 25, Ola Dybwad-Olsen 1968
Most goals scored in a game, league: 8, Knut Osnes vs. S.K. Falken
Most goals scored in a game, UEFA Cup: 6, Eldar Hadžimehmedović vs. Runavík, 28 August 2003

Colours and badge

Lyn's home colours are red and white shirts and blue shorts. The shirts have red sleeves and a red front with a broad, vertical white bar in the middle, which is traditionally twice as wide as the sides (a 25-50-25 red-white-red pattern). The back has the same pattern, with inverted colours.

During the first years the club had two kits, one with blue and white horizontally striped jerseys and white shorts, and a red kit in the same fashion. These were used interchangeably up until at least 1906. It is unclear exactly when the current kit was adopted, but it was in use by the time Lyn had claimed their first Norwegian Cup in 1908. The socks have traditionally been red. White socks have also been used, most recently from the beginning of the 1990s until 2004, when the red socks were brought back.

The club uses an all-blue away kit, though several different colours have been used in the past.

The current club badge is a modified version of a design originally introduced in 1900. It was made by one of the first members of the club, Leif Eriksen, and replaced a silver badge from 1898. The crest features a football in the upper left corner and a pair of skis in the lower right corner, representing the two major sports of the club. While the badge is based on the heraldic shield form of the old coat of arms of Norway, Eriksen was probably not himself familiar with the rules of heraldic design. The name of the club and the date and year of its founding were written in gold on a white background, violating the so-called rule of tincture. Also, the date and year were written in different styles. The badge has therefore been altered twice, in 1996 and finally in 2001. On the current badge the date has been removed and replaced by "18 LYN 96" in red writing on a white background.

Stadium
After the 2009 season FC Lyn made the decision to move from Ullevaal Stadion to Bislett Stadium. Bislett, which is also an international track and field stadium, has a capacity of 15,400.
Following the bankruptcy in 2010, Lyn's fans gathered around the club's surviving team moving their home games to Frogner Stadion, which has a capacity of 4,000. In 2014 Lyn moved back to Bislett Stadium.

Coaches

 John Sveinsson (1963–64)
 Thor Hernes (1965)
 John Sveinsson (1966)
 Knut Osnes (1967–69)
 Per Mosgaard (1970–71)
 Andreas Morisbak (1972–74)
 Erik Eriksen (1975–76)
 Jan Berg (1977–78)
 Anders Fægri (1979–90)
 Øyvind Ramnefjell (1981–82)
 Anders Fægri (1983)
 Geirr Anfinnsen and Jan Rodvang (1984)
 Jan Rodvang (1984)
 Egil Olsen (1985–88)
 Georg Hammer (1989)
 Dag Roar Austmo, Jo Lunder and Stein Gran (1989)
 Erling Hokstad (1990)
 Teitur Thordarson (1991–92)
 Bjarne Rønning (1993)
 Ole Dyrstad (1993)
 Olle Nordin (1994–95)
 Hallstein Saunes (1995–98)
 Vidar Davidsen (1998–01)
 Stuart Baxter (2001)
 Sture Fladmark (2002)
 Hrvoje Braović (2002)
 Sture Fladmark (2002)
 Teitur Thordarson (2003)
 Tommy Berntsen (2003)
 Hans Knutsen and Espen Olafsen (2004–05)
 Hans Knutsen (2005)
 Henning Berg (2005–08)
 Kent Bergersen (2008–09)
 Gunnar Halle (2009–10)
 Finn Bredo Olsen (2011–14)
 Jonas Rygg (2014–2016)
 Thomas André Ødegaard (2016–2018)
 Bent Inge Johnsen (2019–2021)
 Jan Halvor Halvorsen (2022–present)

Women's football

The women's team began to play in 2009. In 2012, the team was promoted to the First Division. Following a 15-3-4 season in 2017, the team was promoted to the Toppserien, the top tier of Norwegian women's football.

References

Further reading

External links

 www.Lyn1896.no Official club website
 www.Bastionen.no Supporters club website
 www.lynhistorie.com/ Seasons, statistics and records

Eliteserien clubs
Association football clubs established in 1896
1896 establishments in Norway
Football clubs in Oslo

Lyn Fotball


Ricardo Sá Pinto (Oporto, Portugal, 10 de octubre de 1972) es un exfutbolista internacional portugués que se desempeñaba en la posición de segundo delantero. Actualmente dirige al APOEL de Nicosia de la Primera División de Chipre.

Conocido por su entrega en el campo (era apodado por los hinchas del Sporting de Lisboa, "Ricardo Corazón de León"), Sá Pinto fue 45 veces internacional con la selección de fútbol de Portugal y disputó dos Eurocopas.

Clubes como jugador

Clubes como entrenador

Palmarés

 Sporting de Lisboa

 Primera División de Portugal (1): 2001-02
 Copa de Portugal (2): 1995, 2002
 Supercopa de Portugal (2): 2000, 2002

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en FPF

Futbolistas del Sport Comércio e Salgueiros
Futbolistas del Sporting de Lisboa
Futbolistas de la Real Sociedad de Fútbol en los años 1990
Futbolistas de la Real Sociedad de Fútbol en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Standard Lieja
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-21 de Portugal
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Portugal en los años 1990
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Portugal en los años 2000
Futbolistas de Portugal en la Eurocopa 1996
Futbolistas de Portugal en la Eurocopa 2000
Entrenadores de fútbol de Portugal
Entrenadores del Sporting de Lisboa
Entrenadores del Estrella Roja de Belgrado
Entrenadores del OFI Creta
Entrenadores del Atromitos de Atenas
Entrenadores del Clube de Futebol Os Belenenses
Entrenadores del Standard de Lieja
Entrenadores del Legia de Varsovia
Entrenadores del Sporting Clube de Braga
Entrenadores del Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama
Entrenadores del Moreirense Futebol Clube
Entrenadores del Esteghlal FC
Entrenadores del Al-Fateh SC
Nacidos en Oporto

Ricardo Sá Pinto


Anders Retz Johansson (født 9. marts 1981) er en dansk politiker der er medlem af det Konservative Folkeparti.
Han sidder i byrådet i Ærø Kommune og har været i Folketinget som stedfortræder for Mai Mercado.

Politikere fra Det Konservative Folkeparti

Anders Johansson (politiker)


An Juncus socotranus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Franz Georg Philipp Buchenau, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Sven E. Snogerup. An Juncus socotranus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Juncus

Juncus socotranus


Vidoje ili Vid Maslać (Dobranje (Zažablje), 8. lipnja 1795. – 16. siječnja 1862.) bio je prelat Katoličke Crkve koji je služio kao provikar Trebinjsko-mrkanske biskupije od 1838. do 1839. godine.

Životopis

Novaković je starije prezime Maslaća. Rodio se 8. lipnja 1795. u Dobranjama. Otac mu se zvao Mato. Stariji Vidov brat, don Andrija, dao mu je osnove pismenosti. Ne zna se gdje je imao ostalo školovanje, a vjerojatno je to bilo u Dubrovniku, Zadru ili Priku.

Za svećenika trebinjske biskupije zaređen je 27. lipnja 1818. godine. Negdje se zamjerio osmanskim vlastima pa je zbog političkih razloga bio prisiljen izbjeći iz Hercegovine, skupa sa svojim bratom Perom. Na preporuku trebinjskoga biskupa Nikole Ferića i generalnoga vikara don Grge Matuškovića poslan je bosanskom vikaru biskupu fra Augustinu Miletiću. Miletića mu je skupa s austrijskim konzulom u Travniku, preporučio neka prijeđe u Slavonski Brod 20. rujna 1819. te se zaputi kod biskupa Emerika Karla Raffaya u Đakovo. Maslać je službovao od 1819. do 1820. u Komletincima, zatim Otoku, Ivankovu i Sotinu. Završio je bogoslovni studij i vratio se u Hercegovinu, gdje je jedno vrijeme boravio u rodnom mjestu, a od 1821. u Dubravama. Do 1824. bio je kapelan. Bio je od 1824. do 1861. godine župnik u župi Dubravama sa sjedištem u Prenju. Pastoralni rad bio je u skromnim uvjetima. Mise je služio pod dubovima i na "ljesama". Sagradio je župnu kuću u Prenju, koja je bila najveća u biskupiji, ali ju je dao srušiti.

Uz pomoć Papinskog misijskog djela iz Liona sagradio je veliku župnu kuću (1849./55.). Projekt je bio ispred vremena, jer se takvom veličinom računalo da bi se u Trebinjskoj biskupiji mogao imenovati vlastiti biskup, pa je mogla primiti i ordinarijat. Kad je umro vikar Sokolović, godine 1838. trebinjski ga je kler predložio Kongregaciji za širenje vjere za biskupijskog ordinarija Trebinjsko-mrkanske biskupije. Austrija mu je omela napredak; niti je dopustila imenovanje biskupa, niti je Trebinjsko-mrkanska biskupija dobila svog klerika za upravljanje, nego je Austrija kod pape poradila da se biskupija preda na upravu dubrovačkom biskupu. To je učinjeno bulom Apostolici nostri muneris 12. rujna 1839. godine. Dana 30. listopada 1839. ili 1840. stekao je status generalnog vikara (provikara) za Trebinjsku biskupiju. Dužnost je obnašao do smrti. Ostvario je dobru suradnju sa svećenstvom iz susjedne Bosne i Dalmacije, koji su mu na dozivanje došli pomoći u jugoistočnoj Hercegovini koja je oskudijevala domaćim svećenicima.

Za povijest Hrvata i Katoličke crkve u Hercegovini Maslać je važan i po izvješću iz 1840., gdje navodi da u Gornjoj Hercegovini žive katolici Trebinjske biskupije.

Ostvario je veliko poštovanje i kod muslimana, koji su ga cijenili kao "Božjeg čovjeka", jer je odgonio skakavce od usjeva i bolesti iz životinja. Otkako je 1833. godine uspostavljen Hercegovački pašaluk, bio je Vidoje u dobrim odnosima s Ali-pašom Rizvanbegovićem "Stočevićem". Don Vidoje je promišljeno slao begovima darove zahvaljujući čemu je mnogo katolika ostalo na životu. Profinjena diplomatska duha i djelovanja, njegovi prijatelji Stočevići preporučili su osmanskom sultanu poslati 'nišan' dekoraciju, a Derviš paša 1860. godine uručio je don Vidoju zlatni sat što mu ga je sultan poslao. Prijateljstvo je prenijelo utjecaj i na vjersku sferu. Kad je došlo u pitanje opstanak Trebinjske biskupije, vrlo siromašne svojim svećenstvom, jer se razmatralo uklapanje u Hercegovački apostolski vikarijat, prijatelj mu Ali-paša poručio je don Vidoju da neće mariti ni za kakvi ferman u tom smislu, a takvi ferman već je bio izdan u Carigradu. Godine 1848. dubrovački biskup i trebinjski trajni apostolski upravitelj Toma Jederlinić isposlovao je don Vidoju dopuštenje od Svete Stolice da može krizmavati, no nikad ta povlastica nije uručena Maslaću. Iste godine obavijestio je biskupa Jederlinića iz Dubrovnika o svom pastoralnom odlasku u Planinu na duži rok, pa ga je zamolio da mu kapelan Malfatti može dobiti ovlasti u Dubravama.

Izgleda da Maslać nije ostavio dojam na isusovačkog misionara Vinka Basilea, jer je taj 1856. godine podnio Svetoj Stolici izvješće u kojem je podosta negativno ocijenio Maslaća. Međutim, dvije godine poslije Vinko Čubranić, novoimenovani biskup dubrovački i trajni apostolski upravitelj trebinjski, svojim je izvješćem branio Maslaća, davši i za pravo Basileu. Maslaćevim nedostatcima Čubranić je pretpostavio velike zasluge katoličkoj stvari u krajevima gdje je djelovao, jer je Maslaćeva župa najsređenija i vjera vjernika njegove pastve najživlja. Istaknuo je da je Maslać zbog vjere triput podnio osmanske nasilne progone i da je dvaput bio osuđen na smrt. Don Vidojeva snaga duha i razbor i potpora rodbine nametnula je urotnicima stav poštovanja da im je agresiju ublažila. Spomenio je papi da don Vidoje od onda vrši blagotvoran utjecaj na duh i osmanskih vlasti i pojedinih muslimana, što je jako nužno za siromašne katolike na koje je ciljala "grčka" raja i Crnogorci, jer nije htio nije htio sudjelovati u njihovoj uroti. Umro je 16. siječnja 1862. godine. Pokopan je pred crkvom u Prenju, gdje je i grob njegova bratića don Joze Maslaća. Na grobnom mu je spomeniku stoji natpis na latinskom.

Izvori

Trebinjsko-mrkanska biskupija
Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Hrvatski narodni preporod

Vidoje Maslać Novaković


Le Suzanne Military Cemetery n°3  (Cimetière militaire n°3 de Suzanne  ) est un cimetière militaire de la Première Guerre mondiale, situé sur le territoire de la commune de Suzanne, dans le département de la Somme, au nord-est d'Amiens.

Localisation
Ce cimetière est situé à environ 1,5 km au nord-est du village sur la  en direction de Maricourt. Situé à une cinquantaine de mètres de la chaussée, on y accède par un petit sentier engazonné.

Histoire

Occupé par les Allemands dès le début de la guerre, fin août 1914, le village de Suzanne sera repris par les troupes britanniques à l'été 1915, perdu de nouveau en mars 1918 et repris définitivement par la 3è division australienne le 26 août suivant.

Le cimetière militaire de Suzanne n° 3 était à l'origine un cimetière français (cimetière mixte n° 3 de Suzanne) ; mais après l'armistice, les tombes britanniques y ont été concentrées depuis les cimetières provisoires des environs. Les tombes françaises seront transférées au cimetière français de Bray-sur-Somme.

Il y a maintenant 139 sépultures du Commonwealth de la guerre de 1914-18 ici. Parmi ceux-ci, 42 sont non identifiés. Il y a aussi une tombe d'un soldat allemand.

Caractéristique
Ce cimetière a un plan rectangulaire 30 m sur 20 .
Il est entouré d'un muret de moellons.

Sépultures

Galerie

Liens internes

 Cimetière militaire
 Liste des mémoriaux et cimetières militaires de la Somme
 Bataille de la Somme
 Commonwealth War Graves
 Suzanne

Notes et références

Suzanne Military Cemetery n°3
Suzanne Military Cemetery n°3
Suzanne Military Cemetery n°3

Suzanne Military Cemetery n°3


Le New Jersey Naval Museum (NJNM) était un musée maritime situé le long de la rivière Hackensack à Hackensack dans le comté de Bergen, New Jersey.

Historique
Sa mission était consacrée au patrimoine de l'United States Navy et à la guerre navale en général. L'élément principal de la collection était l', un sous-marin d'attaque conventionnel de classe Balao de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Le terrain du musée a depuis été vendu pour être réaménagé, mais l'USS Ling reste ancré dans la rivière, avec un avenir incertain. Des efforts ont été faits depuis 2007 pour lui trouver un nouveau foyer. En 2019, le Louisville Naval Museum a lancé une campagne pour tenter de déplacer le navire vers la rivière Ohio.

De 1972 jusqu'à sa fermeture en juin 2016, le musée payait un dollar par an pour louer le site riverain. En janvier 2007, le , propriétaire du site, avait informé le musée que le site allait être vendu pour être réaménagé dans l'année et que le musée et le sous-marin devaient être déplacés.

Collections
Avant la fermeture du musée, des visites guidées du Ling étaient disponibles pour emmener les visiteurs de la proue à la poupe, explorer l'équipement, les quartiers et les armes. L'armement du Ling comprend vingt-quatre torpilles et un canon de pont de 102 mm (il avait à l'origine deux canons de pont de 127 mm) pour des cibles militaires plus petites pour économiser une torpille.

Il y avait aussi l'exposition :
 d'un Kaiten II japonais, une torpille suicide de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ;
 d'un Seehund allemand , un sous-marin de poche de défense côtière allemand pour deux hommes de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ;
 d'un patrouilleur fluvial de l'époque de la guerre du Vietnam.

La marine américaine les a tous récupérés depuis, en plus de Ling et de quelques torpilles, missiles et obus d'artillerie. Le bâtiment du musée à terre contenait un certain nombre d'objets uniques, allant d'un véhicule de livraison de l'United States Navy SEALs à des photographies et des effets personnels.

Fermeture
Après l'ouragan Sandy de 2012, la passerelle a été détruite, entraînant la fermeture du sous-marin et du musée en 2018. En outre, la zone a été sélectionnée pour un projet de développement. Le Naval History & Heritage Command a pris plusieurs artefacts qui étaient en mauvais état, les artefacts restants étant hébergés par Harbor Freight Tools.

En septembre 2018, des artefacts du sous-marin ont été volés et le Ling a également été inondé Plusieurs personnes ont été identifiées en lien avec le cambriolage.

Avenir
La création du Louisville Naval Museum devrait sauver l'existence du  qui est inscrit au registre national des lieux historiques

Galerie

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens externes

USS Ling - Site NavSource.org
  USS Ling - Site Historic Naval Ships Association
  Submarine USS LIng - New Jersey Naval Museum

Liens internes

 Liste de musées aux États-Unis

Classe Balao
Sous-marin de l'US Navy de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Musée maritime au New Jersey
Fondation en 1972
Bateau inscrit au Registre national des lieux historiques au New Jersey
Comté de Bergen
Musée militaire aux États-Unis

New Jersey Naval Museum


Scott Richard Hoying () este un cântăreț și vlogger american.

Scott este unul dintre membrii fondatori și baritonul trupei Pentatonix (din 2011) și unul dintre cei doi vloggeri de pe canalul de YouTube Superfruit.

Note

Nașteri în 1991
Cântăreți americani

Scott Hoying